The Fossil Monk Seal <i>Pontophoca sarmatica</i> (Alekseev) (Mammalia: Phocidae: Monachinae) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe
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Smithsonian Institution Press
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We present a phylogenetic analysis of the middle Miocene European seal Pontophoca sarmatica (Alekseev) based upon characters of the mandible, humerus (both described herein for the first time), and femur. The diagnoses of the subfamily Monachinae and the genus Pontophoca are emended to include the postcranial characters. Pontophoca, as revised, is proposed as the sister group of the modem Monachus and is included in the monophyletic subfamily Monachinae. We also include in this subfamily two extinct taxa that occur in both the eastern United States and western Europe: Callophoca and Pliophoca.
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Koretsky, Irina A. and Grigorescu, Dan. 2002. "<a href="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/117183">The Fossil Monk Seal <i>Pontophoca sarmatica</i> (Alekseev) (Mammalia: Phocidae: Monachinae) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe</a>." In <em>Cenozoic mammals of land and sea : tributes to the career of Clayton E. Ray</em>. 149–162. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. In <em> Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology</em>, 93. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.93.149">https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.93.149</a>.