Systematic status of the black-collared bulbul Neolestes torquatus

Abstract

The Afrotropical monotypic genus Neolestes has been treated variously as a bulbul (Pycnonotidae) or a 'shrike' (Malaconotidae, Laniidae or Prionopidae). Recent field observations and fresh laboratory material have enabled a multi-disciplinary review incorporating biology, anatomy and DNA. The DNA analysis suggests that N. torquatus represents a deep branch of the pycnonotid clade. The plumage of Neolestes is unlike that of any bulbul, although the juvenile plumage is more bulbul-like than shrike-like. Evidence from the syrinx, skull, humerus and carpometatarsus eliminates a relationship between Neolestes and the shrikes and mainly points to one with the Pycnonotidae. Neolestes could be the primitive sister-group of the Pycnonotidae, or a member of some larger group of which the bulbuls are but one manifestation. The vocalizations are not shrike-like but are reminiscent of those of the African species of Pycnonotus; other aspects of its behaviour point in this direction. We believe there is no evidence for considering Neolestes to be a 'shrike', and recommend treating it as a primitive member of the Pycnonotidae, although as incertae sedis.