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Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest

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dc.contributor.author Kaspari, Michael
dc.contributor.author Bujan, Jelena
dc.contributor.author Weiser, Michael D.
dc.contributor.author Ning, Daliang
dc.contributor.author Michaletz, Sean T.
dc.contributor.author Zhili, He
dc.contributor.author Enquist, Brian J.
dc.contributor.author Waide, Robert B.
dc.contributor.author Zhou, Jizhong
dc.contributor.author Turner, Benjamin L.
dc.contributor.author Wright, S. Joseph
dc.date.accessioned 2017-06-14T09:10:13Z
dc.date.available 2017-06-14T09:10:13Z
dc.date.issued 2017
dc.identifier 0012-9658
dc.identifier.citation Kaspari, Michael, Bujan, Jelena, Weiser, Michael D., Ning, Daliang, Michaletz, Sean T., Zhili, He, Enquist, Brian J., Waide, Robert B., Zhou, Jizhong, Turner, Benjamin L., and Wright, S. Joseph. 2017. "<a href="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/32576">Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest</a>." <em>Ecology</em>, 98, (8) 2019–2028. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1895">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1895</a>.
dc.identifier.issn 0012-9658
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/10088/32576
dc.description.abstract Humans are both fertilizing the world and depleting its soils, decreasing the diversity of aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial plants in the process. We know less about how nutrients shape the abundance and diversity of the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of Earth&#39;s soils. Here we explore this question in the soils of a Panama forest subject to a 13-year fertilization with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and a separate micronutrient cocktail. We contrast three hypotheses linking biogeochemistry to abundance and diversity. Consistent with the Stress Hypothesis, adding N suppressed the abundance of invertebrates and the richness of all three groups of organisms by ca. 1 SD or more below controls. Nitrogen addition plots were 0.8 pH units more acidic with 18% more exchangeable aluminum, which is toxic to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These stress effects were frequently reversed, however, when N was added with P (for prokaryotes and invertebrates) and with added K (for fungi). Consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, adding P generally increased prokaryote and invertebrate diversity, and adding K enhanced invertebrate diversity. Also consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, increases in invertebrate abundance generated increases in richness. We found little evidence for the Competition Hypothesis: that single nutrients suppressed diversity by favoring a subset of high nutrient specialists, and that nutrient combinations suppressed diversity even more. Instead, combinations of nutrients, and especially the cation / micronutrient treatment, yielded the largest increases in richness in the two eukaryote groups. In sum, changes in soil biogeochemistry revealed a diversity of responses among the three dominant soil groups, positive synergies among nutrients, and-in contrast with terrestrial plants-the frequent enhancement of soil biodiversity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
dc.format.extent 2019–2028
dc.publisher Wiley
dc.relation.ispartof Ecology 98 (8)
dc.title Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest
dc.type article
sro.identifier.refworksID 46837
sro.identifier.itemID 142969
sro.description.unit STRI
sro.identifier.doi 10.1002/ecy.1895
sro.identifier.url https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/32576
sro.publicationPlace Hoboken, New Jersey


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