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The effect of feeding time on dispersal of Virola seeds by toucans determined from GPS tracking and accelerometers

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dc.contributor.author Kays, Roland en
dc.contributor.author Jansen, Patrick A. en
dc.contributor.author Knecht, Elise M. H. en
dc.contributor.author Vohwinkel, Reinhard en
dc.contributor.author Wikelski, Martin C. en
dc.date.accessioned 2012-07-31T13:49:42Z
dc.date.available 2012-07-31T13:49:42Z
dc.date.issued 2011
dc.identifier.citation Kays, Roland, Jansen, Patrick A., Knecht, Elise M. H., Vohwinkel, Reinhard, and Wikelski, Martin C. 2011. "<a href="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/18645">The effect of feeding time on dispersal of Virola seeds by toucans determined from GPS tracking and accelerometers</a>." <em>Acta Oecologica</em>. 37 (6):625&ndash;631. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.06.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.06.007</a> en
dc.identifier.issn 1146-609X
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18645
dc.description.abstract <br/>Seed dispersal is critical to understanding forest dynamics but is hard to study because tracking seeds is difficult. Even for the best-studied dispersal system of the Neotropics, Virola nobilis, the dispersal kernel remains unknown. We combined high-resolution GPS/3D-acceleration bird tracking, seed-retention experiments, and field observations to quantify dispersal of V. nobilis by their principal dispersers, Ramphastos toucans. We inferred feeding events from movement data, and then estimated spatio-temporally explicit seed-dispersal kernels. Wild toucans moved an average of 1.8 km d-1 with two distinct activity peaks. Seed retention time in captive toucans averaged 25.5 min (range 4-98 min). Estimated seed dispersal distance averaged 144 ± 147 m, with a 56% likelihood of dispersal &gt;100 m, two times further than the behaviour-naive estimate from the same data. Dispersal was furthest for seeds ingested in the morning, and increased with seed retention time, but only up to 60 min after feeding. Our study supports the long-standing hypothesis that toucans are excellent dispersers of Virola seeds. To maximize seed dispersal distances trees should ripen fruit in the morning when birds move the most, and produce fruits with gut-processing times around 60 min. Our study demonstrates how new tracking technology can yield nuanced seed dispersal kernels for animals that cannot be directly observed. en
dc.relation.ispartof Acta Oecologica en
dc.title The effect of feeding time on dispersal of Virola seeds by toucans determined from GPS tracking and accelerometers en
dc.type Journal Article en
dc.identifier.srbnumber 108148
dc.identifier.doi 10.1016/j.actao.2011.06.007
rft.jtitle Acta Oecologica
rft.volume 37
rft.issue 6
rft.spage 625
rft.epage 631
dc.description.SIUnit STRI en
dc.citation.spage 625
dc.citation.epage 631


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