11U563CRLSSI





SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBulletin 96
A SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN EARLYTERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA
BYFERDINAND CANUof Versailles, FranceANDRAY S. BASSLERof Washington, District of ColumbiaPublished February 27, 1917
WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE1917
ADVERTISEMENT.The scientific publications of the United States National Museumconsist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins.The Proceedings^ the first volume of which was issued in 1878, areintended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, andusually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum,presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthro-pology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisionsof limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and dis-tributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited numberof copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialistsand others interested in the different subjects, as soon as printed.The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates arealso recorded in the table of contents of the volumes.The Bulletins.^ the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of aseries of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs oflarge zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa-sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions,and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The ma-jority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adoptedin a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispen-sable.Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating tothe botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contrihii-tions from the National Herharium., has been published as bulletins.The present work forms No. 96 of the Bulletin series.Richard Rathbun,Assistant Secretary., Snriithsonian Institution.,In charge of the United States National Museum.Washington, D. C, December 19, 1916.2
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.Preface 5Principles of classification 7Systematic diagnoses 9Suborder Anasca, division Malacostega 9Family Electrinidae D 'Orbigny 9Membraniporae, new group 9Family Aeteidae Smitt 22Scrupocellariidae Levinsen 23Farciminariidae Busk 23Eucratiidae Hincks 24Suborder Anasca, division Coilostega 25Family Opesiulidae Jullien 25Subfamily Onychocellidae Jullien 25Microporidao Hincks 27Lunulariidae Levinsen 30Family Aspidostomidae Canu 30Steganoporellidae Levinsen 31Thalamoporellidae Levinsen 32Suborder Anasca, division Pseudostega 32Family Cellariidae Hincks 32Coscinopleuridae Canu 33Suborder Ascophora 34TheCostulae 34Family Acroporidae Canu 37Hippothoidae Levinsen 38Escharellidae Levinsen 38Group Schizoporellae 39Hippoporinae 41Peristomellae 43Microporellae and divers genera 44Family Stomachetosellidae, new 44Smittinidae Levinsen 50Reteporidae Smitt 55Galeopsidae Jullien 56Hippopodinidae Levinsen 60Tubucellariidae Busk 62Catenicellidae Busk 63Adeonidae Jullien 64Phylactellidae, new 66Celleporidae Busk 71Conescharellinidae Levinsen 73Explanation of plates 77Index 833

PREFACE.Since 19vU the junior author of this article has devoted muchtime to the accumulation of Tertiary bryozoa, particular attentionbeing paid to material of this age from American localities. Theobject of these efforts lay in the hope that sooner or later an oppor-tunity might be offered to monogi-aph the subject. In the meantimethe value of the bryozoa for purposes of stratigraphic correlation wasrecognized and this fact secured the active cooperation of severalmembers of the United States Geological Survey, notably Dr. T.Wayland Vaughan. The collections resulting from these combinedefforts proved so large and numerous that it soon became evidentone person alone could not complete their study in a reasonablelength of time. Besides the intimate relationship of the Tertiarybryozoa with the living forms required a good Imowledge of thetaxonomy and anatomy of the recent species on the part of thestudent who attempted the description of the fossil forms. Fortu-nately for the writer, Ferdinand Canu, of Versailles, France, wellknown for his extensive and accurate work on Mesozoic, Cenozoic,and Recent bryozoa, very kindly consented, in 1912, to join him in thestudy of the American Cenozoic faunas, with the result that now,after four years of work interrupted only by exigencies arising fromthe great war, a monograph of nearly five hundred species of LowerTertiary Cheilostomata has been completed. As the publication ofthis monograph will of necessity be slow, it has been thought advis-able to precede it with the following brief synopsis of the classifica-tion with description of the new genera and their genotypes.R. S. Bassler.5

A SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN EARLY TERTIARYCHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA.
By Ferdinand Canu,Of Versailles, France.ANDRay S. Bassler,Of Washington, District of ColuniMa.
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION.The principles of classification of the cheilostome bryozoa arestill imperfect in spite of the quite extended researches of severalstudents. Formerly the classification was based on pm^ely zoarialfeatures, but in the latter half of the nineteenth century the zocecialcharacters were more closely studied, especially by D'Orbigny, Smitt,and Hincks. The latter author considered especially the form ofthe aperture; in other words, only the hydrostatic system. In 1888and again in 1903 J. Jullien established a systematic set of charac-ters for consideration. These are as follows in diminishing orderof importance.Essential characters.? (1) General morphology (order); (2) formof the frontal wall (suborder) ; (3) form of the aperture and of theoperculum (family) ; (4) presence of carclelles, occurrence of lyrulaand finally ovicells and radicels.Secondary characters {specific).?Frontal punctations, avicula^ria,and vibracula.In 1900 Canu wrote that every family ought to be based on ananatomical peculiarity, common to all its members and fixed in anuninterrupted series of descendance. He established the generaaccording to the variations of this anatomical peculiarity and accord-ing to the divergence in its evolutionary characters. This was aperfection of Jullien's ideas, but the partial application made byWaters to the opercula and the avicularian mandibles did not appearalways to lead to uniform results or to the establishment of verynatural genera.We believe that other principles are better. In the bryozoa asin other living beings the form is only the result of a function;7
8 BULLETIN 9C, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.therefore in the study of the morphological variations of the organswe now substitute that of their physiologic functions. Our studiesare therefore always directed toward the discovery of functionswhich modify the skeletal form.Family.?All the species which have the same larval form havethe same lineage and belong necessarily to the same family; there-fore the family is characterized by the larval system. The ovicellin which the larva developes is necessarily in rapport with it, anda Ivnowledge of its structure gives the essential characters for readilyinterpreting the j)hysiological purpose of the morphological andskeletal variations.Genus.?A really natural genus differs from another genus onlyin possessing a different function and in the different form of anyskeletal part. The essential functions common to all bryozoa with-out exception are:1. Passage of eggs and escape of the larvae (=rapport of theoperculum and the ovicell).2. Hydrostatic system and extrusion of the polypide (=:form ofthe aperture and rapport of the operculum with the compensatrix).3. Calcification and chitinization (=nature of the skeleton andof the frontal considered as immediate deposits of the endocyst).We have rigorously followed this principle in the establishmentof our new genera and we have also modified the diagnoses of thedescribed natural genera which were often incomplete.The function of the avicularia and of the onychocellaria is notknown but it can not be common to all bryozoa because many speciesare deprived of these structures; these structures therefore can notfurnish good generic characters. Nevertheless there are some groupsin which their presence appears to be absolutely indispensable to thelife of the zoarium and we have therefore considered them sometimesin our generic diagnoses.The general classification of the Bryozoa showing the larger sub-divisions of the Cheilostomata is printed below for convenience ofreference.Class. Subclass. Order. Suborder. Division.fCtenostomata.Cyclostoinata.Trepostomata.Gymnolaomata. J Cryptostoinata.Bryozoa. [Malaco.stejra.(Anasca. J Coilostega.[Pseiulostef^a.Ascopliora.Phylactolaeruata.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 9SYSTEMATIC DIAGNOSES.Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk.Suborder Anasca Levinsen.A zooecial hydrostatic system is absent but a zoarial hydrostatic sys-tem is present and is inchided between the cryptocyst and the ectocyst.The Anasca are classified under the three divisions Malacostega,Coilostega, and Pseudostega.Division I. MALACOSTEGA Levinsen.The parietal muscles are attached to the cryptocyst, which isalways chitinous. The operculum is a membranous valve. In thefossil forms the frontal wall is quite or partially calcified.The families of this division represented in the American Eoceneare as follows:Electrinidae D'Orbigny, 1851.Membraniporae, new group.Aeteidae Smitt, 1867.Scrupocellariidae Levinsen, 1909.Farciminariidae Busk, 1884.Eucratiidae Hincks, 1880.Family ELECTRINIDAE D'Orbigny, 1851.Zooecia having a chitinous frontal. Intertentacular organ present.Larva a cyphonautes. No avicularia. No dietellae. Operculumwith thickened border.The known genera of the Electrinidae are as follows:Electra Lamouroux, 181G. Eocene-Recent.Memhranipora Blainville, 1834. Recent.Heterooecium Hincks, 1892. Recent.Pyripora D'Orbigny, 1852. Cretaceous-Recent.Herpetopora Lang, 1914. Cretaceous-Vicksburgian.The two latter genera have been placed in the family on account ofzooecial resemblance and not from a study of their anatomy. Bothof these genera are represented in the Eocene of the United States.MEMBKANrPORAE, new group.This very large group is too heterogenous to be considered as asingle family; indeed it is certain that the genera classified here atpresent will ultimately be assigned to many families. Unfortunatelywe are ignorant of the larvae and researches upon the anatomy ofthese forms have not been made.The material upon which our present researches are founded ismost abundant; but as it is impossible to establish a satisfactory
10 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
nomenclature with fossils alone we must be content to utilize theworks of our predecessors. We have studied especially the ovicellsand their relations to the opercular valve, for these are the organsin closest relation to the larval system. In the following table arelisted the genera of Memhraniporae with the possible family refer-ence of some of them. SECTION I.?NO VICELL.ConojyeuTn Norman, 1903. Cenomanian-Eecent.Memhraniporlna Levinsen, 1909.OdontioneUa^ new genus. Lutecian-Recent.Adenifera^ new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.Trochopora D'Orbigny. Lutecian-Helvetian.Otionella, new genus. Campanian-Jacksonian.SECTION H. OVICELL ENDOZOCECIAL.Vibracellina, new genus. Claibornian Lunulariidae.Hincksina Norman, 1903. Jacksonian-Eecent.Flustridae (Norman).Ogivalina, new genus. Jacksonian Onychocellidae.Memhrcndoecimji, new genus. Eocene-Recent Farmicinariidae.SECTION III. OVICELL HYPERSTOMIAL, CLOSED BY THE OPERCULARVALVE.Periporosella, new genus. Jacksonian.Ellisina Norman, 1913. Senonian-Recent.Grammiella Canu, 1916. Santonian-Recent.Membranipmidra, new genus. Jacksonian-Vicksburgian.Tremopora Ortman, 1890. Helvetian-Recent.Larnacius Norman, 1903. Recent.SECTION IV. OVICELL HYPERSTOMIAL, NOT CLOSED BY THE OPERCULARVALVE.Alderiiia Norman, 1903. Senonian-Recent.Callopora Gray, 1818. Santonian-Recent.ATnjyhiblestrmn Gray, 1848. Senonian-Recent.Ramphonotus Norman, 1891. Senonian-Recent.Tegella Levinsen, 1909. Santonian-Recent.StaonenoceUa^ new genus. Senonian-Vicksburgian Bicellariidae.SECTION I. MEMBRANIPORAE WITHOUT OVICELL.Genus CONOPEUM Norman, 1903.1903. Conopeiim, Norman, Natural History of East Finmnrk, Annals Maga-zine Natural History (7), vol. 11, p. 580 (18-18. Gray, List BritishAnimals British Museum, Centroniae, pp. 108, 146).No ovicell, no dietellae, no avicularia. The margins of the muralrim are wholly granulated. A distal, multiporous septula ; 2 or 3
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 11lateral septulae. Triangular, interopesial hollows having peculiarwalls.Genotype.?Memhranipora lacroixii Authors. Range: Cenoma-nian-Recent.The American Eocene species are Conopeum, lacroixii Busk, 1852,from the Claibornian and Lower Jacksonian of Mississippi, C.hookerl Haime, occurring in the Lower Jacksonian of Mississippiand seven new species ranging from the Midwayan to the Jacksonian.Genus MEMBRANIPORINA Levinson, 1909.1909. Membraniporina Levinsen, IMorphological and Systematic Studies onthe Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, p. 145.Membranipores exhibiting neither ovicells nor avicularia.Membranijyorlna is not a true genus but is simply an artificialgrouping proposed by Levinsen for the reception of species incom-pletely described or of which we have insufficient information toplace them more definitely.The American species of Memhraniporina are MembraniporinariTmilata Ulrich, 1901, from the Aquia formation of Maryland, M.laxa Reuss, 18G9, from the Claibornian of Alabama, and five newspecies from the Midwayan, Jacksonian, and Vicksburgian of theSouthern States. The following new species is interesting becauseof the peculiar, calcified tubule in the zooecium.MEMBRANIPORINA BENJAMINI, new species.Plate 1, fig. 1.Description.?The zoarium is incrusting. The zocecia are large,elongate, elliptical, and distinct; the mural rim is rounded, smootheverywhere of equal width. The opesium is median, elliptical, en-tire. In the vicinity of the septulae there is often an incompletesmall canal.Measurenfients!?Opesia , ?
'
^ [ Zc>= 0.30 mm.
. [ Zs=0.65-0.70 mm.Zooecia , r^ a^ r, ^r1 7s=0.40-0.45 mm.A-ffinities.?Only the fragment figured, which is of considerableinterest, has been found. In the proximal part of the zooecium infront of each septula, there is a sort of incompletely calcified tubuleserving probably to protect the mesenchyme filaments which passfrom one zooecium to another.
1 In the citation of measurements, Jio Is tbe length and ?o the width of the opesia, Lzand Iz similarly the length and width of the zooecia, Lv and Iv the same for the vibraculum,Lon and Jon for the onychoeellaria, ha and 7a for the apertiira, etc.
1^ BtrLLETIN 96, UNlTEt) STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.This interesting species is named after Dr. Marcus Benjamin,editor of the United States National Museum.Occurrence.?Upper Jacksonian: Rich Hill, 5^ miles southeastof Knoxville, Crawford County, Georgia (very rare).Type.?C^i. No. 62596, U.S.N.M.ODONTIONELLA, new genus.{Odontion, denticle.)No intertentacular organ. No dietellae. With denticular plate inthe opesia. Septulae fairly numerous. Zoarium may be unilaminateor bilaminate in the same species. (After Waters.)Genotype.?Memhranipora Mans Hincks, 1885. Range,?Lutecian-Recent.We have instituted this genus for the Mans group (No. 13) ofWaters which this author thought in 1898 should be removed fromMemhranipora.Odontionella {Memhranipora) savartil Audouin, 1826, the widelydistributed Tertiary and recent form occurs in the Upper Jacksonianand Vicksburgian of Mississippi and Alabama.ADENIFERA, new genus.{Aden^ gland.)With a distal glandular penthouse.Genotype.?Memhranipora armata Hasw^ell, 1880. Range.?Jack-sonian-Recent. ADENIFERA INARMATA, new species.Plate 1, fig. 2.Description.?The zoarium is unilamellar, living upon algae; itslower side bears hydrostatic tuberosities. The zoopcia are very large,ogival in form, and distinct; the mural rim is very finely granulated,rounded, enlarged at the base where it sometimes bears callosities.The opesium is entire, elliptical but somewhat irregular. On thedistal part of the mural rim there is an arched pad which is hollow,fragile, and symmetrical, the forepart containing two glands. Noavicularia.
,, , r^ . (^0=0.60-0.66 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , ? ^^^ [Z<9=0.50mm.
? . fZ3=0.80-0.90 mm.^^?^"^M?^=0.60-0.70mm.Affinities.?This species differs from Adenifera (MemTnmnipora)striata MacGillivary, 1904, from the Miocene of Australia, in its muchsmaller micrometric measurements and in the reduction of its cryp-
EARLY TERTIABY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 13
tocyst. It differs from the recent A. armata Haswell, 1880, in thetotal absence of a lateral avicularium on the distal arch.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian : Near Lenuds Ferry, South Caro-lina (common).Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare).Type.?C^t. No. 62570, U.S.N.M.Genus TROCHOPORA D'Orbigny, 1851.1851. Trochopora D'Orrignv, Paleontologie frangaise, Terrain Cretace,Bryozoaires, vol. 5, p. 506.The zoariimi has the Lmiulites form. The zooecia and the vibrac-ula are arranged in distinct rows. The ancestrular zooecia are eitherhydrostatic or radicular. The growth of the zoarium is effected bysuperimposed (unizocecial) disks with the zocecia arranged in singlerows. No ovicell. The vibracula are symmetrical.Genotype.?Trochopora conica Defranee, 1883.Range.?Lutecian-Helvetian.Trochopora {Lunulties) houel Lea, 1833, of the Claibornian andLower Jacksonian of the Southern States and Trochopora {Lunu-lites) truncata De Gregorio, 1890, from the same horizons are twoabundant species of this genus in America.OTIONELLA, new genus.{Otion, a little ear, in allusion to the form of the vibraculum.)The zoarium is discoidal (Lunulites form), with neither ovicellnor radicular and hydrostatic zooecia. The vibraculum is inter-zooocial, unsymmetrical, auriculated, one lip more prominent thanthe other. The zooecia are hexagonal and disposed in quincunx onthe outer face and in radial lines on the inner side. The ancestrula isas large as the other zooecia and of the same form.Genotype.?Otionella perforata., new species.Range.?Campanian-Jacksonian.Besides the genotype described below, three other new species ofthe genus are known in the Claibornian and Jacksonian.OTIONELLA PERFORATA, new species.Plate 1, figs. 3, 4.Description.?The zoarium is discoidal with a concave inner face.The zocecia are ogival in shape, broad, distinct, separated by a fur-row, disposed in very irregular radial and transverse lines; themural rim is broad on the sides and below with a projecting summit;the opesium is elliptical, little elongated, nearly orbicular, borderedby a projecting collar. The vibraculum is as large as the zooecium,unsymmetrical and auriculated, rather narrow. On the inner facethe radial ribs are perforated with numerous pores. There are at
14 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.least two pairs of large lateral septulse to each zooecium and only onel)air in the vibraculum.
,, , ^ . fAo=0.12nini.Measurements.?Opesium , ..?^ [lo=0.10 mm,
? . fZ,s=0.25mm.Zoceciumj ^^^^,20-0.27 mm.
^r?^ 1 fZ ^'=0.25 mm.Vibraculum , _ . ?[ /y=0,10 mm.Occurrence.?Claibornian: Claiborne, Alabama (common).Lower Jacksonian: Jackson, Mississippi (common).T7/pe.?Cat. No. 62571, U.S.N.M.SECTION II. MEMBRANIPORAE WITH ENDOZO(ECIAL OVICEII.We liaA'e recognized four genera of Membranipores providedwith an endozooecial ovicell, a structure which distinguishes themfrom genera of the first section quite as clearly as from those whichhave a hyperstomial ovicell. Furthermore, these four genera do notappear to belong even to the same family.Vibracellina may perhaps belong to the Lunulariidae.Einchsina, according to Norman, is a member of the Flustridae.Ogivalina is possibly a member of the Onychocelliclae.Memhrendoecium may perhaps be referred to the Farciminariidae.In the present state of bryozoology, generic grouping in distinctfamilies quite frequently is necessarily artificial, arbitrary, and prob-lematic since we lack anatomical and larval data in many cases. Itis better therefore to maintain these four genera in the present placerather than to introduce them doubtfully into the recent familiesmentioned above. VIBRACELLINA, new genus.Endozocecial ovicell. Auriform vibracula. No cryptocyst. Nodietellae.Genotype.?Vibracellina capillaria, new species. Claibornian.VIBRACELLINA CAPILLARIA, new species.Plate 1, fig. 5.Description.?The zoarium incrusts small shells. The zocecia areelongate, distinct, oval, with a very small gymnocyst ; the mural rimis convex, salient, very thin, almost capillary. The opesium is oval,entire. The vibraculum is interzocecial, unsymmetrical ; its opesiumis oblique and bounded by two lips of which the upper one is con-vex and sinuous. The ovicell is a distal convexity.Affinities.?At the center of the figured zoarium may be noted twosmaller zocecia almost equal; which of these is the ancestrula cannot be discerned. It is also to be noted that excepting these, the
EAELY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 15
zooecia assume their normal size almost immediately. The absenceof gymnocyst and cryptocyst will distinguish this species easilyfrom Pyrvpora confluens Canu, 1907 (not Reuss).Occurrence.?Claibornian (Lisbon beds) ; Moseley's Ferry, Cald-well County, Texas (rare).Type.?CBt. No. 62572, U.S.N.M.Genus HINCKSINA Norman, 1903.1903. Hhicksina Nobman, Natural History of East Finmark, Annals andMagazine Natural History, (7) vol. 11, p. 585.Zocecia incrusting, having the entire area membraneous, the mar-gin surmounted by numerous spines. Ovicell small, short, and lit-tle raised. Avicularia occupying distinct cells sparingly scatteredamong the zooecia, oval, with semicircular mandible. No dietellae.(Norman.)Genotype.?Memhranlpora flustroides Hincks, 1880.Banffe.?Jacksonian-Recent.The American Early Tertiary species of Hincksina may be di-vided into two sections, a new species of each of which is describedbelow. SECTION I. AVICULARIA LITTLE DIFFERENTIATED.HINCKSINA JACKSONICA, new species.Plate 1, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium is free, bilamellar, easily divisible intotwo layers. The zooecia are elongated, distinct, elliptical, often witha small gymnocyst; the mural rim is convex, enlarged at the base,finely granulated. The opesium is terminal, elliptical, regular, veryfinely denticulated. The ovicell is endozocecial and little apparent;it appears as a small distal convexity. Avicularian zocecia are veryrare.
^. ^ . fho=0.35-0.45mm.Measurements.?Oi^esi^ lio=0.20-0.25 mm.Lz= 0.45-0.65 mm.Zooecia lz= 0.35-0.40 mm.The two lamellae forming the zoarium separate very easily, eachpreserving its own base.Variations.?The zooecial length is quite variable; both long andshort zocecia may occur. The avicularian zocecia or interzooecialavicularia are rather rare. They are generally primoserial; theiropesium presents a lateral constriction but little accentuated.This species is distinguished from the other species of Hincksinaby the absence of visible spines and by its free zoarium. It is rathercommon at many localities of the Jacksonian, of which it appearsto be a characteristic fossil.
16 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Occun^ence.?Middle Jacksonian : Rich Hill, 5^ miles southeast ofKnoxville, Crawford County, Georgia (abundant), and many otherlocalities.Tijpe.?Cat. No. 62573, TJ.S.N.M.SECTION II. INTERZCECIAL AVICULARIA DIFFERENTIATED.HINCKSINA MEGAVICULARIA, new species.Plate 1, fig. 7.Description.?The zoarium incrusts other bryozoa. The zooeciaare large, distinct, elongated, pyriform, and have a gymnocyst; themural rim is convex, salient, provided with 14 to 20 large hollowspines. The opesium is terminal, elliptical, or somewhat pyriform,entire; the interzooecial avicularium is large, symmetrical, and hasa gymnocyst; its opesium is constricted laterally, probably at theplace where the pivot ought to be.
,, ^ ^ ? fAo=0.30-0.35mm.Measurements.?Upesia , ?^?^ I /(?=0.25mm.? . fZs=0.60-0.70mm.2^^^^^{ fe=.0.40mm.Length of avicularia=0.60-0.65mm.Affinities.?On account of its large avicularia this species ap-proaches the recent Hlncksina pyrula Hincks, 1881. It differs,nevertheless, in its larger number of spines; unfortunately we areunable to compare the ovicells.The specimen figured is very instructive. On a zocecium can beseen the coalescing of opposite spines giving an aspect like thefrontal of Membramporella. In other examples many zooecia are re-generated ; in one case a normal zocecium succeeds a normal zoceciumand a double row of spines results; in another case an aviculariumreplaces a zocecium, but in a totally inverted position.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) ; Wil-mington, North Carolina (very rare).Type.?Qai. No. 62574, U.S.N.M.OGIVALINA, new genus.Endozooecial ovicell. Granular cryptocyst. No dietellae. Nospines.Genotype.?OgivaXina eximipora^ new species.The zooecia have the usual aspect of those in the family Onycho-cellidae, but the interzooecial onychocellarium is replaced by aninteropesial avicularium.In addition to the genotype this genus is represented by a newspecies and a new variety froni the Middle Jacksonian of North andSouth Carolina.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 17OGIVALINA EXIMIPORA, new species.Plate 2, fig. 1.DescHjJtion.?The zoarium is composed of one or more lamellaeand incrusts pebbles or creeps over algae. The zooecia are large,elongated, ogival, distinct, separated by a threadlike ridge; themural rim is indistinct, thin, flat, smooth, enlarged at the base intoa concave, granular, irregular cryptocyst. The opesium is oval,entire, unsymmetrical in its proximal part. The endozooecial ovicellis a distal convexity, quite apparent. The avicularium is intero-pesial, triangular, relatively small, and without pivot.
, ? . f^(?=0.75-0.80mm.Measurements.?Upesia \ -, ^ k - a ^-a^ I ??9=0.5o-0. ( mm.
. fZs= 1.20-1.25 mm.Zooecia , ^ ^^Length of avicularium=0.40 mm.Variations.?The opesium has little regularity of shape on accountof the very irregular development of the cryptocyst itself. Althoughthe latter is generally plainly visible, there are, nevertheless, zooeciawhich are almost devoid of the cryptocyst. But the most importantvariation is the unsymmetrical shape of its distal border, a lackof symmetry characteristic of the genus Onychocella. We knowthat this phenomenon is occasioned by the obliquity of the polypidein the zooecium by reason of the attachment of the retractor musclesin one of the proximal corners of the said zooecium. This anatomicalfeature app)ears to have more importance than the absence of theonychocellarium.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(rare).Near Lenuds Ferry. South Carolina (very rare).Eich Hill, Crawford County, Georgia (very rare).Type.?Qid. No. 62575, U.S.N.M.MEMBRENDOECIUM, new genus.(Abbreviation of Membranipore with endozooecial ovicell.)Ovicell endozooecial. Small simple interopesial avicularia. Die-tellae present. No spines.Genotype.?AmpMblestrum papillatum Busk, 1884.MEMBRENDOECIUM PYRIFORME, new species.Plate 2, fig. 2.The zoarium incrusts bryozoa or small shells. The zooecia arevery elongate, oval, distinct, and have a gj'^mnocyst ; the mural rim is52091??17 2
18 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.prominent, smooth, somewhat convex, enlarged on the margins, andmuch enhirged at the base. The opesium is oval, entire. The ovicellis endozocecial and is a small, smooth, distal convexity. The avic-ularia are very small, straight, salient, elliptical, often providedwith a gymnocyst. The ancestrula is surrounded by closed zoceciain which the frontal is perforated by an orbicular pore.^ . [7/0=0.20-0.30 mm.Measurements.?(Jpesia , r^^^ r,-,n^ [?6)=0.13-0.16 mm.[Zs=0.40-0.50 mm (omitting the gymno-Zocecia 1 cyst)
.
[Zs= 0.24-0.80 mm.Variations and a.ffi7iities.?The length of the gymnocyst is quitevariable even on the same zoarium; therefore in the micrometricmeasurements it is preferable not to count the gymnocyst for manyof the zocecia are devoid of it. The reduction of the zooecial lengthis frequent in this species and affects the entire zoarium ; it is rathera rare occurrence when some mechanical obstacle is not opposed tothe free development of the zocecia.Occmrrence.?Vicksburgian : 7^ miles southwest from BladenSprings, Alabama (very rare).Middle Jacksonian: Lenuds Ferry, South Carolina (rare).Lower Jacksonian: Jackson, Mississippi (very rare).Type.?C2it. No. 62576, U.S.N.M.SECTIOM" ni. OVICELL HYPERSTOMIAL, ALWAYS CLOSED BY THEOPERCULUM.It is not easy to recognize on a fossil form whether the opercularvalve does or does not close the hyperstomial ovicell. After manydissections which we have made on living species we have recognizedthat ovicells of this kind generally leave a concave cicatrix above themural rim, a part of which is thus concealed. We would add thatthe different genera grouped in this section, although very naturalin themselves, appear to belong to different families which the zoolo-gists alone can determine.PERIPOROSELLA, new genus.{Peri, around; poros, pores.)Each zooecium is surrounded by a special series of dietellae (12-16)communicating with two large septulae.Genotype.?Periporosella tantilla, new species. Jacksonian.In all the other genera of Membranipores provided with dietellae,the latter occupy only the anterior half of the zooecium. In thegenus Periporosella they are, on the contrary, arranged all about the
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. . 19
zooecium, as in the family Adeonidee. These dietellae are invisibleexternally, and they become apparent only in tangential sections ofsome depth. PERIPOROSELLA TANTILLA, new species.Plate 2, figs. 3. 4.The zoarium is free, formed by two lamellae joined together andinseparable. The zooecia are generally indistinct, very elongated,rectangular ; the mural rim is broad, flat, enlarged at the base. Theopesium is elliptical, somewhat enlarged distally, and very finelydenticulated. The ovicell is deep, but placed above the large distalseptula ; it projects but little exteriorly. The avicularia are inter-zooGcial, rare, elliptical, without pivot, but with two lateral denticles;numerous dietellae in each zooecium.This type of structure is different fi'om all others on account of itsdietellae, its method of gemmation, its ovicell, and even its avicularia.It certainly belongs to a family which our present zoological knowl-edge will not yet permit us to suspect.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common). Near Lenuds Ferry, South Carolina (rare).EutaAv Springs, South Carolina (rare).Type.?C^t. No. 62577, U.S.N.M.Genus ELLISINA Norman, 1903.1903. ElUsina Norman, Natural History of East Fiumark, Aunals audMagazine Natural History (7), vol. 11, p. 596.The zocecia are furnished with avicularia, ovoid or triangular,situated on the hinder portion of the zooecium. The ovicell is welldeveloped, tj^pically with a flattened area on its front. In the type-species the pore-chambers (dietellae) are very large; one distal; theposition of the remaining chambers is very unusual, the two frontlateral pairs project outside the side walls, which is the reverse ofthe usual rule.Genotype.?Menibranipdra laxata Hincks, 1882. (Norman.)Range.?Senonian-Recent.ELLISINA LAXA, new species.Plate 2, fig. 7.Description.?The zoarium incrusts pebbles and especially shells.The zooecia are large, distinct, broad, ogival; the mural rim is verythin, little salient, curved, finely striated. The opesium is very largeand of the same form as the zooecium. The avicularium Is triangular,interzocecial, transverse, and without pivot.
,, , r, ? [Zs=0.75-0.95 mm.Measurements.?Zooecia , r. rr^ r^n^I fe=0.50-0.75 mm.
20 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Afjinitks.?The dietellae open into the zooecia in large pores whichare really the remains of multiporous septulae. The ovicell is rareand very small.The species differs from Ellisina (Semifiustrella) rhomhoidallsD'Orbigny in its dimensions twice as large and in the ogival andnonrhomboidal form of the zooecia. It is the largest known species ofEllisina.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(very rare).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : 1^ miles above Bainbridge,Georgia (rare).Vicksburgian : Salt Mountain, 5 miles south of Jackson, Alabama(very rare).Tt/pe.?Cat. No. 62580, U.S.N.M.GRAMMELLA Canu, 1916.1916. Grammella Canu, Bulletiu Societe G^ologique de France (4),vol. 16.The operculum closes the ovicell. The avicularium is interzoopcial,large, with a solid pivot ; its form recalls that of the Greek letter 0.No dietellae.Genotiipe.?Memhranipora crassimarglnata Hincks, 1880.Range.?Santonian-Recent.GRAMMELLA TRANSVERSA, new species.Plate 2, fig. 6.Description.?^The zoarium incrusts bryozoa. The zocecia arc butlittle elongated, broad, distinct; the mural rim is thin, sharp edged,regular. The opesium is of the same form as the zocecium. Theovicell is salient, globular, smooth, and carinated. The aviculariumis interzooecial, small, elliptical, and the pivot is neA'er median; itslongitudinal axis is transverse with respect to the zooecial axis.J,, ^ /-. ? [Ao=0.45 mm.Measurements.?Opesia{, ^.o^ /^^/^i [ Z6?= 0.35-0.40 mm.
r, . fZ:s=0.55-0.60 mm.Zocecia , ? .? ?,?I 7s=0.46-050 mm.Affinities.?The aviculariiun is generally elliptical but it is some-times triangular. The mural rim exhibits a rare and interestingpeculiarity. It is not provided with a side which merges into thezocecium so that the opesium is bounded by the termen itself of themural rim. The present form differs from other described species ofGrammella in its small avicularia transversely oriented.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(\^ery rare).Tijpe.?Q^t. No. 62579, U.S.N.M.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 21MEMBRANIPORIDRA, new genus.The operculum always closes the ovicell. No dietellae. No avicu-laria. One large distal septula ; two pairs of lateral septulae.Genotype.?Memhi'aniporidra jyorrecta^ new^ species.The ovicell is deeply excavated in the distal zooecium. It is onlyby dissection that we are able to prove by the continuity of the muralrim, although very thin distally, that the ovicell is indeed hyper-stomial. The mural rim is ahvays enlarged at the base and finelygranular.This genus differs from Alderina Norman, 1903 not only in theclosure of the ovicell by the opercular valve but also in the absenceof dietellae. MEMBRANIPORIDRA PORRECTA, new species.Plate 2, fig. 5.The zoarium is free, follicular, formed of two very thin leaves,growing back to back and easily separable. The zooecia are large,elongate, distinct, oval, with a proximal, convex gymnocyst; themural rim is very thin, salient, curved. The opesium is large, ellip-tical, entire. The ovicell is globular, little elevated, ornamented witha frontal callosity ; it is deeply embedded. A distal septula and twolateral septulae and two distal impressions are present.
,, , r\ ? \ ho=0.75 mm. ? . f Zs=0.95 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , ^ ?^ Zocecia , ^ ??^ [ Zo? 0.30 mm. [ 72=0.38 mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common).Baldock, Barnwell County, South Carolina (rare).Tijpe.?Csit. No. 62578, U.S.N.M.SECTION IV. OVICELL NEVER CLOSED BY OPERCULAR VALVE.The ovicell is w^idely open above the operculum and the opesium.In the fossil forms the distal part of the mural rim is visible and notmodified ; the distal cicatrix left by the broken ovicell on the superiorzooecium is shallow. In the recent species this kind of ovicell isclosed by a vesicle which retracts or dilates by means of specialmuscles to facilitate the departure of the larvae or the entrance ofthe eggs.Alderina Norman, 1903, Callopora Gray, 1848, AmphihlestrtimGray, 1848, Ramphonotus Norman, 1894, and Tegella Levinsen, 1909,belong to this division of the Membranipores and are well repre-sented in the Early Tertiary strata of North America.STAMENOCELLA, new genus.{Stamen., in allusion to the form of the zooecium.)Ovicell hyperstomial, not closed by the opercular valve. Nodietellae. Gymnocyst long and flat, supporting a small, sessile,salient avicularium.
22 BULLETIN 9G, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genotype.?Stamenocella mediaviculifera^ new species.Range.?Senonian-Viclcsbiirgiun.The genus which is nearest to this type of structure is BactrellariaMarsson, 1887, in which the zooecia are identical, but are disposed ona single side of a triserial zoarium. The two genera undoubtedlybelong to the same family.STAMENOCELLA MEDIAVICULIFERA, new species.Plate 3, fig. 1.Description.?The zoarium is bilamellar, Avith the two lamellaeback to back and inseparable. The zoa3cia are very elongated, nar-rowed behind, distinct or indistinct; the mural rim is thin, salient,somewhat enlarged and attenuated, rounded, smooth. The opesiumis elliptical or oval, entire; the gymnocyst is somewhat convex andnearly as long as the opesium. The avicularium is salient and ])lacedin the middle of the gymnocyst. The ovicell is rarely intact.A6>=0.40 nun.Zo=0.1G mm.Measurements.?OpesiaZocecia fZs=0.80 mm.Zs=: 0.20-0.24 mm.Variations and affinities.?This species apparently lived in agitatedwaters. Although widely distributed, it is often very rare, andspecimens are always more or less worn. In this condition the muralrim is worn away and invisible, the zooecia indistinct, and the avi-cularia absent or replaced by a concave cicatrix. We have neverfound the ovicell intact ; it is always more or less broken but its placeis clearly visible on the gymnocyst. The avicularium is of the sim-13le type without denticles or pivot.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Rich Hill, Crawford County,and other localities in Georgia (very common).Type.?Q^'^i. No. G2581, U.S.N.M.Family AETEIDAE Smitt, 1867..Zoarium composed of creeping branches more or less adherent tothe substratum, often growing in free tufts adherent only part oftheir length. Zooecia uniserial, arising from each other in a tubularprolongation of greater or less length. Opesium terminal, opercularvalve at its summit. (After Robertson.)Genus AETEA Lamouroux, 1812.The American Eocene deposits contain two species of this genuswhich for lack of well-preserved specimens can only be referred tothe well-known recent species Aetea anguina Linnaeus, 1758 and A.truncata Landsborough, 1852.
EARLY TERTIAEY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 23Family SCRUPOCELLARIIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The zooecia have large opesia. A gymnocyst and a cryptocyst moreor less developed. The mural rim bears distally one or two pairs ofspines and laterally a membraneous scutum. The distal wall, consist-ing of a horizontal basal and an obliquely ascending frontal part,has usually numerous, small, scattered, uniporous septulae basally,while the distal half of each lateral wall has one multiporous septula.Besides dependent avicularia, found in most species, vibracula mayalso occur on the basal surface of the zoarium, and these are connectedwith the zoarium by an independent wall. The ovicells are generallyhyperstomial. As a rule, radicular fibers occur, sometimes springingfrom a septula (or a dietella), sometimes from a separate chamberconnected with a vibraculum. The zoaria are always free, muchbranched, most frequently with uni- or few seried zooecia, generallyconsisting of a single laj'er and in most cases jointed by means ofchitinous transverse belts. (After Levinsen, 1909.)American Tertiary specimens are rare, small, and very fragile, andas a result we have been unable to make any detailed studies of thefamily. The principal genera of this family are
:
Cdberea Lamouroux, 1816. Vicksburgian-Recent.Caheriella Levinsen, 1909. Recent.Canda Lamouroux, 1816. Recent.Scrujyocellarla Van Beneden, 1844. Lutecian-Recent.Bugulopsis Verril, 1879. Recent.Hoplitella Levinsen, 1909. Recent.RJiahdozoum Hincks, 1882. Recent.Menipea Lamouroux, 1816. Recent.The two genera Cohered and Scnipocellar'ia alone are representedin the American collections studied. Canda and Scrupocellaria arevery similar. Levinsen distinguishes these genera by their ovicellsand Waters by their articulation. Ks the method of articulation andovicells are not preserved in the fossil forms studied, we can employbut the single genus, Scrupocellaria of which S. elliptica Reuss, 1869,S. gracilis Reuss, 1869, and nine new species have been recognized inAmerican strata.Family FARCIMINARIIDAE Busk, 1852.The zocecia are furnished with an obliquely ascending distal walland separated by common, lateral walls which are furnished witha small number (two to four) of uniporous septulae; no true spines.The avicularia dependent, sometimes depressed, sometimes stronglyprojecting. The ovicells are endozooecial. The zoaria are dichoto-mously branched tufts, with slender, prismatic, sometimes jointed
24 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
segments, on which the zooecia are arranged in longitudinal rows(generally four to six) around an axis formed by the adjoining sepa-rating walls. (After Levinsen, 1909.)There have as yet been no anatomical researches on the representa-tives of the family.The known genera are as follows, the last one alone being repre-sented in our American collections.Columnaria Levinsen, 1909. Recent.FarciminaHa Busk, 1852. Recent.Nellia Busk, 1852. Lutecian-Recent.We have added Ileterocella Canu 1907, to this famil}'' because it isnot yet advisable to create a distinct family for it.Genus HETEROCELLA Canu, 1907.1907. Heterocella Canu, Bryozoaires ties terrains tertiares dos environs deParis, Anales de Paleontologie, vol. 2, p. 14.The zoarium is articulated with each segment formed of four rowsof zooecia. The opesia are alw^ays oblique; they are small on theconverging zorocia and large on the diverging ones. On the olocystat the bottom of the zocecia there are impressions of various forms.Genotype.?Vincularia fragilis Defrance, 1820.In Europe this genus has been observed only in the FrenchLutecian. Its constitution is still problematical, for no existingspecies is comparable to these fossil forms. Some of the zooecia de-scribed by Canu as regenerated are perhaps radicular. In Americaone new species from the Vicksburgian of Alabama has been dis-covered. Family EUCRATIIDAE Hincks, 1880.Zoarium forming slender, branching, phytoid tufts. Zooeciauniserial or in two series placed back to back; expanding from thebase upwards, with a terminal or subterminal and usually obliqueopesium. Neither avicularian nor vibracular appendages known.Ovicell globose hyperstomial. (Robertson.)The genera of this family are:Eucratea Lamouroux, 1812,Gemellaria Savigny, 1811,Scruparia Hincks, 1880,Huxleya Dyster, 1858,Brettia Dyster, 1858.Genus GEMELLARIA Savigny, 1811.1811. Gemellaria Savtgny, Icouographie des Zoophytes de I'Egypte.Zoarium erect, branching dichotomously, each branch given offfrom the sides of the zooecia close to their upper extremity. Zooecia
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 25joined back to back and each pair arising from the anterior extremityof the preceding pair. Opesia large, sloping slightly upward.Ovicell? (Robertson.)Genotype.?Gemellaria lorieata Linnaeus, 1758.GemeJlaria yrima Eeuss, 18G8, has been identified in the UpperJacksonian of Alabama.Division 11. COILOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909.(Opesiulae Julllen, 1888).The parietal muscles are attached to the ectocyst and traverse thechitinous or partially calcified cryptocyst by means of the opesiules.The hj^drostatic system is zoarial but each zooecium in addition isprovided with a hypostege with the cryptocyst calcified.The families of this division represented in the American EarlyTertiary are as follows:Opesiulidae Jullien, 1888.Subfamily Onychocellidae Jullien, 1881.Subfamily Microporidae Hincks, 1880.Subfamily Lunulariidae Levinsen, 1909.Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909.Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909.Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888.The parietal muscles are attached to the cryptocyst ; their place isindicated either by pores or by lateral indentations called opesiules.The ovicell is endozocecial.Subfamily Onychocellidae Jullien, 1881.The ovicell is endozocecial. The parietal muscles are attached tothe ectocyst. The cryptocyst is calcified. The avicularia are inter-zooecial and transformed into onychocellaria.This subfamily includes six genera, all of which are representedby species in America
:
OnychoceUa Jullien, 1881. Bathonian-Recent.Rectonychocella, new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.Velimvella, new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.Diplopholeos^ new genus. Jacksonian, VicksburgianFloridiTia Jullien, 1881. Senonian-Recent.Smittipora Jullien, 1881. Senonian-Recent.RECTONYCHOCELLA, new genus.The retractor muscles of the polypide are attached in the medianaxis of the zocecia. The opesiular indentations are symmetrical. The
26 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
onychocellaria are straight, and their opesium presents a posteriorpart, narrow and denticulated; the mandil)]e is composed of twomembranes. The zooecium is closed by an opercular valve. Themural rim is not separated from the cryptocyst.Genotype.?Onychocella solida Nordgaard, 1907.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.VELUMELLA, new genus.{Velum., sail, in allusion to the membranes of the mandibles.)The retractor muscles of the polypide are attached in the medianaxis of the zooecium; the opesiular indentations are S3^mmetrical.The onychocellaria are straight, without distal canal; the rachis ofthe mandible bears two broad membranes; the opesium of the ony-chocellarium is elliptical and entirely denticulated. The operculumis a wholly chitinized simple one, not separable from the ectocyst.Multiporous septulae. The mural rim is distinct from the cryptocyst.Genotype.?Velumella {Onychocella) levinseni, new name.^DIPLOPHOLEOS, new genus.{Diploos, double; pholeos, den of an animal.)The retractor muscles of the poh'pide are attached in the medianaxis of the zooecium. The lateral indentations are symmetrical andalmost transformed into true opesiules. The onychocellaria arestraight, their opesium is oval, with a denticulated poster ; the mandi-ble (onychocellium) is bimembranous. The mural rim is not sepa-rated from the cryptocyst. The zooecium is closed by an operculumattached to the ectocyst. The axis of rotation of the operculum is in-dicated by two opesial denticles. The zooecial opesia are dimorphous
;
one kind is elongated and the other transverse.Genotype.?Dipdoplioleos fusiforme., new species.Range.?Jacksonian, Vicksburgian.DIPLOPHOLEOS FUSIFORME, new speciea.Plate 3, fig. 2.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and pebbles. The zooeciaare hexagonal, a little elongated, separated by a narrow furrow orunited among themselves by their mural rims; the cryptocyst isdeep, concave, shorter than the opesium, finely granular; the po-lypidian convexity is protruding, wrinkled or granulated, denticu-lated on its opesial border; the lateral openings are deep, round,almost becoming true opesiules ; the opesium is elongate, semilunate,finely crenulated. The ovicell is an inconspicuous distal convexity,sometimes limited by two lines of lateral suture. The onychocel-
1 This new name is proposed for the recent species figured as Onychocella species byLevinsen in his Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa,1909, pi. 22, figs. 3a-d.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 27larium is narrow, fusiform, somewhat larger than the zocecia; theopesium is median, oval, the point below, with a narrow and den-ticulated posterior; the terminal point projects above the distalzocecium, but is very fragile; the distal canal through alteration infossilization fuses nearly always with the cryptocyst of the distalzocecium. The heteromorphic zocecia are a little smaller ; their cryp-tocyst is longer than the opesium which then appears nearly trans-verse. The ancestrula is of the same form as the zooecium.
Measureinents.?Opesium of
ZoceciumOpesium of onychocellaria
A(9=0.20 mm. (measuring only tothe polypidian convexity).zocecia ] Zc?=0.15 mm. (without the oj^esi-ules).Z2=0.40 mm.7,2=0.30 mm.
^071=0.20 mm.Zo/>?t=0.10 mm.^ , ,, . f Z?9?i=0.40-0.45 mm.Onychocellaria j^^^^Q 20 mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : Old Factory, 1^ milesabove Bainbridge, Georgia (common).Vicksburgian : Salt Mountain, 5 miles south of Jackson, Alabama(rare).Type.?Q'^t. No. 62582, U.S.N.M.Subfamily Microporidae, Hincks, 1880.The ovicell is endozocecial. The parietal muscles, attached at theectocyst, pass through the calcareous cryptocyst, either by the opesiu-lar indentations or by true perforations called opesiules. The semi-circular aperture has generally a more or less strongly chitinized (orcalcareous) simple operculum, more seldom an oj)ercular valve.Avicularia present.The genera comprising this subfamily are
:
Rosseliarui Jullien, 1888. Eocene-Recent.Floridinella^ new genus. Vicksburgian.Gargantua Jullien, 1888. Miocene-Recent.Dacryonella^ new genus. Jacksonian.Aechmella, new genus. Cenomanian-Miocene.Micro'pora Gray, 1848. Midwayan-Recent.
28 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.FLORIDINELLA, new genus.The ovicell is endozooecial and separated from the zooccia by afold. The polypidian convexity is not prominent. The opesiularindentations are large and rounded. The opesium is constricted bytwo symmetrical lateral teeth at the level of the opercular articulation.Genotype.?Floridinella vickshurgica, new species. Vicksburgian.FLORIDINELLA VICKSBURGICA, new species.Plate 3, fig. 3.Descnption.?The zoarium is unilamellar, hollow, cylindrical, andincrusts the stems or small roots of alg?e. The zooecia are elongated,distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is incomplete,rather broad, distinct from the cryptocyst. The cryptocyst is shal-low, smooth or finely granular, longer than the opesium. The polyp-idian convexity is but slightly projecting; the opesiular indenta-tations are large, symmetrically rounded; the opesium is elongated,constricted superiorly by two lateral teeth placed at the level of theoperculum.
, ? . fAo=0.20 mm.Measurements.?Opesium {^ ? . ?^ |fo =0.16 mm.fZs^O.SO mm.Zooecmm {-, non n m[fe =0.30-0.40 mm.Occurrence.?Vicksburgian : One mile north of Monroeville, Ala-bama and numerous localities in the State (very abundant).Type.?Cut. No. 62583, U.S.N.M.DACRYONELLA, new genus.(Daeryon, tear, referring to the form of the avicularia.)The polypidian convexity protrudes very little and is inconstant.The opesiules are large, round, lateral indentations. The ovicell isendozooecial. There are no opesial processes (therefore an opercularA'alve). The opesium is elongated (therefore the parietal musclesare much developed). The avicularia are very small, constant,placed in all the interzocecial angles, and have the form of smalltear drops.Genotype.?Dacryonella octonaria^ new species. Jacksonian.This is a Rosseliana ornamented with avicularia. As in thisgenus also, the opesiules are inconstant and placed very far fromthe aperture in consequence of the great development of the parietalmuscles. DACRYONELLA OCTONARIA, new species.Plate 3, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium incrusts small shells or more oftencreeps over algae; very frequently it consists of m.any superposed
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BEYOZOA. 29lamellae. The zooecia are somewhat elongated, confluent amongthemselves, vaguely polygonal; the mural rim is broad, especiallybelow, flat, smooth, oblique. The cryptocyst is terminated distallyin a small polypidian convexity. The avicularia are straight, small,interopesial, triangular, projecting chiefly at the point.iho=0.10 mm.Measurements.?Opesia of large zoceciaw^_Q
-j^^ ^^^^ ? 11 (ho=0.18 mm.Opesia or small zooecia , . ^ ^^ [lo=0.10 mm.
-r . (Ls?OAO mm.Large zooecia , ^ on a ^n^ |?s= 0.30-0.40 mm.on . [Ls=0.4:0 mm.femall zooecia 7 _ ??|/s=0.30 mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina;also at numerous localities in South Carolina andGeorgia.Upper Jacksonian : Georgia, Alabama, Florida, andMississippi.Type.?Cait. No. 62584, U.S.N.M.AECHMELLA, new genus.(Aichme, head of a lance, referring to the form of the avicularia.)The polypidian convexity is little prominent. The opesiules areround, lateral indentations. The opesium is often contracted by twolateral teeth at the level of the opercular hinge. The ovicell is endo-zooecial. The avicularium is interzooecial, smaller than a zocecium,losange shaped, with the form of the head of a lance.Genot7jpe.?Aechmella filimargo, new species.Range.?Cenomanian-Miocene.AECHMELLA FILIMARGO, new species.Plate 3, fig. 5.The zoarium incrusts Orbitoides. The zooecia are elongated, dis-tinct, separated by a furroAV or united by their mural rims; the muralrim is thin, incomplete, convex, distinct from the cryptocyst. Thecryptocyst is shallow, oblique towards the opesium, flat, finely granu-lose; the opesium is transverse, constricted by two lateral teeth atthe level of the rotary axis of the operculum. The polypidian con-vexity [>roiects but little ; the opesiular indentations are large, round,and symmetrical. The ovicell is endozooecial and small. The an-cestrula is a small zooecium, but otherwise identical with the others.
30 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The aviculariiim is interzocccial, smaller than the zoa>cia, losange-shaped, Avith a small distal canal and a round opesium.
,, ^ r^ {ho=0.12 mm.Measurements.?UpesmmL -^_ /-it -i ? ^ \^ |7o=0.16 mm. (incmamg the opesmles).
,, . , . (Lb=0.50 mm.Marginal zooecia , ^ ??^ p=0.30 mm.Very often the proximal border of the opesium is simply undu-lated and the opesiules are visible only on account of the opesiularteeth. The opesia of the ovicelled zooecia seem a little larger than theothers.Occurrence.?Upper Jacksonian; West bank of Sepulga River,Escambia County, Alabama (rare).Type.?Q^i. No. G2585, U.S.N.M.Subfamily LuNULARiiDAE Levinsen, 1909.Genus LUNULARIA Busk, 1884.1884. Lunularia Busk, Report on Polyzoa collected by Challenger, Clieil-ostomata, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 208.The zoarium has the Lunulites form. The avicularia are sym-metrical. Exteriorly and interiorly the zooecia are arranged in radialrows. The cryptocyst is more or less developed. Both radicular andhydrostatic zooecia are present. The ovicell is endozocecial.Genotype.?Lunulites capulus Busk, 1884.Range.?Cenomanian-Recent.Lunulites Lamarck, 1812, is not a definite generic type, but ismerely a zoarial form adopted for certain reasons. This style ofgrowth obtains in many genera of cheilostome bryozoa, e. g. Otio-nella and Trochopora in the Anasca Malacostega; Lunularia andSelenaria in the Anasca Coilostega, and Stichopora^ Fedora^ andBipora in the Ascophora.Thirteen species of Lunularia represented in many cases by abun-dant specimens are known in the Lower Tertiary strata of the UnitedStates. Of these only five, L. reversa Ulrich, 1901, Z. distans Lons-dale, 1845, L. fenestrata DeGregorio, 1890, L. vickshurgen^is Conrad,1847, and L. contigua Lonsdale, 1845, are described.Family ASPIDOSTOMIDAE Canu, 1908.The zooecia have a raised margin, often indistinctly or incom-pletely developed. The two opesiules appear as narrow incisions,which join the zocecial aperture; the short polypide tube, which isnot continued under the cryptocyst cover, is in most cases providedwith marginal flanges. Avicularia are always present. Ovicells arehyperstomial.
EAELY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BEYOZOA. 31Rhagasostoma Koschinsky, 1885, and Euritina Canu, 1900, are theonly two genera of this family represented in the Early Tertiary ofNorth America.Genus RHAGASOSTOMA Koschinsky, 1885.1885. Rhagasostoma Koschinsky, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Bryozoeufauna der alterer Tertiarschicliten Bayerns, Paleontographica, vol.32, p. 29.The ovicell is hyperstomial and opens above the opercular valve;it has no lateral expansions (compressed process). The aviculariaare interzocecial.Genotype.?Rhagasostoma liexagonum Koschinsky, 1885.Range.?Lutecian-Miocene.Genus EURITINA Canu, 1900.1900. Euritina Canu, llevisiou des Bryozoaii'es du Cretace figures parD'Orbigny, Bulletin Societe Geologique France (3), vol. 28, p. 411.Ovicell hyperstomial, never closed by the opercular valve; avicu-larium interzooecial ; cryptocyst well developed, with three facetsseparated by two longitudinal grooves ; no dietellae.Genotype.?Euritina {Eschara) eurita D'Orbign}^, 1852.Range.?Turonian-Eocene.Family STEGANOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The zocecium is divided into two chambers. The proximal cham-ber contains the polypide and the ovaries; it is terminated by anascending tube, the polypide tube, in which the tentacles are lodgedwhen the polypide is retracted. The upper chamber contains theparietal and opercular muscles. The retractor muscles of the poly-pide are attached in one of the lower angles of the zocecium whichcauses the general asymmetry of the zocecium. No ovicells. Noavicularia. Generally two forms of zooecia, a and B. The twoopesiulae are generally not separated from the aperture of thezocecium. The operculum, which is sometimes bounded by a chitinoussclerite proximally sometimes continued immediately into the frontalmembrane, is as a rule very large and then suspended by stronghinge-teeth. Genus STEGANOPORELLA Smitt, 1873.1873, Steganoporella Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Kongl. Svenska Vetens-kaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 15.The whole of the calcified part of the frontal area lying proxi-mally to the aperture is a depressed cryptocyst; the aperture of thezocecium is surrounded distally and laterally by a projecting margin;
32 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.the zooecia frequently occurring in two forms, a and B^ and pro-vided with a large operculum armed with teeth, which is suspendedby strong hinge-teeth; the polypide tube is never continued proxi-mally beneath the cryptocyst cover. (After Levinsen, 1909.)Genotijye.?Steganoiwrella {Membranipora) magnilabris Hincks,1880.Range.?Lutecian-Recent.Four well-marked new species have been discovered in the Jack-sonian and Vicksburgian of the Southern States.Family THALAMOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The tubifer zooecia have calcareous spicula in the shape of com-passes and bows. The ovicells are hyperstomial, with two calcareouslayers, springing from the whole anter of the apertura; they areclosed by a horizontal cup-shaped chitinized operculum which isconnected at its base with the operculum of the gonozocecium. Theopesiulae are always completely separated from the apertura. Theopercular valve is membranous or chitinized, and more or less com-pletely separated from the ectocyst by a single or double chitinoussclerite. Interzooccial avicularia occur.Genus THALAMOPORELLA Hincks, 1887.1887. Thalamoporclla Hincks, Critical Notes ou the Polyzoa, Annals Maga-zine Natural History (5), vol. 19, p. 104.Characters same as for the family.Genotype.?Thalamoporella (Flustra) rozieri Savigny-Audouin,1812-1826.Range.?Aquitanian-Recent.A new species occurs at the top of the Vicksburgian in Mississippi.Division III. PSEUDOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909.There are no parietal muscles. The hydrostatic system is external
;
there is a special hypostege on each zooecium.The families of this division are:Membranicellariidae Levinsen, 1909.Cellariidae Hincks, 1880.Coscinopleuridae Canu, 1913.Family CELLARIIDAE Hincks, 1880.The whole frontal wall of the zocecia is a cryptocyst and they havea well chitinized, bilaminar, simple operculum with a straight orconcave proximal margin. Within the proximal and sometimes alsowithin the distal margin of the aperture is placed a pair of (or some-
EARLY TEETIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 33times a single broad) supporting teeth. The subopercular area ofthe avicularia has an unusually strongly developed, sometimes almostcomplete, cryptocyst. The ovicells are endotoiehal. (After Levin-sen, 1909.) Genus CELLARIA Authors.The zoarium is articulated, with cylindrical segments (inter-nodes). The ovicell is endotoiehal and is closed by a peculiar, chi-tinous operculum moved by special muscles. The operculum isformed of a chitinized inner part, closing the aperture, covered bythe exterior ectocyst.Genotype.?Cellaria jistulosa Linnaeus, 1768.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.Several well-marked new species occur in the American Eocene.Family COSCINOPLEURIDAE Canu, 1913.The apertura is semilunar, marginated, anterior, never terminal.The ovicell is hyperstomial, embedded in the distal zooecia, neverclosed by the operculum. The onychocellaria are straight but typical.The known genera are:Coscinopleura Marsson, 1887.Escharipova D'Orbigny, 1851.Macropora MacGillivray, 1893.? Quadricellaria D'Orbigny, 1850.Genus COSCINOPLEURA Marsson, 1887.1887. Coscinopleura Marsson, Die Bryozoen der Schreibkreide der InselRiigen, Paleontologische Abhandlungen, vol. 4, p. 71.The margins of the zoarium are bordered by large vibracula. Thefrontal is deprived of pores and avicularia.Genotype.?Coscinopleura {Eschara) elegans Hagenow, 1840.Range.?Cenomanian-Thanetian.Eschara digitata Morton, 1834:, so prolific in the upper Cretaceons(Vincentown marl) of New Jersey and Delaware is a typical speciesof this genus. Genus MACROPORA MacGillivray, 1895.1895. Macropora MacGillivray, Monograph Tertiary Polyzoa Victoria,Transactions Royal Society Victoria, vol. 4, p. 54.In 1909 Levinsen described this genus as follows
:
The zocecia very thick-walled, provided with pores but withoutspines and without opesiules. The zocecial aperture is provided witha well-developed vestibular arch. Ovicells and avicularia wanting,but among the zocecia we find some which have an aperture of adifferent form and whose distal margin is furnished with threemembranous feeler-like filaments. Dietellae.52091??17 3
34 BULLETIN 9(3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genotype.?Macropova centralis MacGillivray, 1895.Range.?Eocene-Recent. Two new species in the AmericanEocene. Genus QUADRICELLARIA D'Orbigny, 1850.ISW. QuadriceUaria D'Okbigny, Paleontologie francaise, Torraiu cretace,Bryozoaires, vol. 5, p. 32.Zoarium articulated; segments quadrangular; two opposite faceswith large zocecia and the other two with small zooecia.Genotype.?QuadriceUaria elegans D'Orbigny.Range.?Turonian-Senonian. Several new species are known inthe Early Tertiary of the United States.Suborder Ascophora Levinsen, 1909.The zooecial hydrostatic system is a sack or compensatrix placedunder the frontal and in which the sea water is introduced. Theparietal muscles are attached to this sack.THE COSTULAE.(Family Cribrihnidae Hincks, 1880.)The zooecia have their frontal wall formed of flattened ribs ordi-narily hollow, radiating from the outer border toward the medianline of the zooecia, where they are intimately joined together; theseribs are united to one another, sometimes by a more or less largenumber of transverse passages, and sometimes border to border, theribs, however, always remaining apparent.Of the numerous genera referred to this family the following arerepresented by species in the American Tertiar}^
:
Menibranipor^lla Smitt, 1873. Cenomanian-Recent.Crihrilina Graj^, 1848. Midwayan-Recent.Puellina Jullien, 1886. Senonian-Recent.Distansescharella D'Orbigny, 1852, Senonian-Jacksonian.Gephyrotes Norman, 1903. Jacksonian-Recent.Metracolposa^ new genus. Jacksonian.Corhulipora MacGillivray, 1895. Eocene, Miocene.Acanthocella., new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.Crxbrendoecium., new genus. Jacksonian.Arachnopima Jullien, 1886. Vicksburgian-Recent.METRACOLPOSA, new genus.{Metra., womb or ovicell; holpos^ a hollow, referring to the deeplyembedded ovicell in the distal zocecia).The costules are separated by numerous lacunae. The apertura issemilunar. The operculum in opening closes the ovicell. The ovi-
EAKLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 35
cell is large and deeply embedded in the distal zooecia. The ovi-celled zooecia haAe a large apertiira.Genotype.?Metracol'posa rohusta., new species. Jacksonian.METRACOLPOSA ROBUSTA, new species.Plate 3, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium is free, bilamellar, large (1 to 2 centi-meters in width), solid, robust. The zoa?cia are distinct, elongated,elliptical; the frontal is somewhat convex; the costules are trans-verse at the top, radial below ; they number from seven to nine pairsand are separated by four or five large lacunae ; the lumen pores aresmall and irregular. The apertura is transverse, semielliptical witha straight or slightly convex proximal border; it is bordered dis-tally by a very thin, incomplete peristome. The ovicell is large anddeeply embedded in the distal zocecia, elongated, salient, convex,decorated in front with a deltoid carina ; it opens above the aperturaand probably was closed by the operculum when it opened. Theapertura of the ovicelled zooecia is larger. A small triangular distalavicularium is placed either on the right or left of the apertura.Measv/rements.?Apertura (ordinarv) L 'r^^ ^ ^ \la =0.20 mm.
. ^ / ? 11 TV fAa=0.12?O.Mmm.Apertura (ovicelled) , ^?q ? on^ ^ ^ (Z(Z=0.28?0.30 mm.
. [Zs=0.96? 1.00 mm.
^^^"^"Iz^ =0.44-0.46 mm.The zooecial width is rather variable; there are some zooecia whichmeasure 0.51 mm., in which case the costules are radially arranged.The avicularia are rather rare; their point is directed toward themedian axis of the zocecia above the apertura; sometimes they arevertical ; when well preserved, they have a calcareous pivot.Occun'ence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne beds) : Wilming-ton, North Carolina (very common).Type.?C^i. No. 62586, U.S.N.M.ACANTHOCELLA, new genus.{AcantTui^ spine.)The costules bear a row of very prominent lumen pores and areseparated by lacunae of greater or less size. The apertura is semi-lunar. The ovicell is hyperstomial and its orifice is not in contactwith the operculum.Genotype.?Crihrilina tuhulifera Hincks, 1881, from Australianseas.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.
36 BULLETIN m, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.ACANTHOCELLA ERINACEA. new species.Plate 4, fig. 1.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and bryozoa or creepsover algae. The zooecia are distinct, very slightly elongated, sub-circnlar; the frontal is very convex; the costules are thick, separatedby the lacunae, ornamented by three, very prominent, hollow spinescorresponding to the lumen pores. The apertura is semilunar witha straight proximal border; the peristome is distal and bears fourlarge, hollow spines. The ovicell is hyperstomial, buried in the distalzooecia, globose, not closed by the operculum, ornamented with small,remote punctations.
,, ^ . ^ \ha=O.Od mm.Measurements.?Aperture { , ,. ^ ^ ,. ^ ^^ 1^=0.11-0.12 mm.fZs=0.75-0.80 mm.Zooecia , , n -n n^-Z2!=0.o0-0.6o mm.Variations.?The sharp points which decorate this species give itthe spinous aspect of the hedge hog. It is very variable in its micro-metrical dimensions and its gemmation; the zooecia are oriented inthe most unexpected and divergent manner.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (rare).Type.?C2ii. No. 62587, U.S.N.M.CRIBRENDOECIUM, new genus.(Abbreviation of " Cribrilina with endozocecial ovicell.'')The ovicell is endozocecial. The costules are separated by a smallinitial slit and some medium sized lacunae ; they have no lumen pores.The apertura is formed of a semilunar anterior portion and a largerand concave posterior part separated by two cardelles. The aperturaof the ovicelled zooecia is larger. Large interzooecial avicularia arepresent.Genotype.?Crihrendoeciuni tenuicostulatum, new species. Jack-sonian. CRIBRENDOECIUM TENUICOSTULATUM, new species.Plate 4, tig. 2.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are dis-tinct, elongated, separated by a furrow, elliptical, fusiform; thefrontal is convex ; the costules are very thin, niuiierous, without lumenpores, and separated by very small lacunae. The aperturae of theordinary zocecia are formed of a semilunar anterior and a verj^ large,straight posterior part separated by two small cardelles; the aper-tura of the ovicelled zocecia is larger and its posterior portion is
EAELY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 37
convex. The ovicell is endozooecial and exteriorly is prominent andtransverse ; it is formed of two calcareous deposits ; the outer one isincomplete and leaves two lateral cicatrices in the form of a cross.The avicularia are interzooecial and are elongated, spatulate, per-forated by a long slit and generally without pivot.^ ,. ^ f ha=0.09 mm.Measurements.?Ordmary aperture N^__qj^2 mm.
? . ? , , f7i?=0.10mm.Ovicelled aperture 7 ^^^^ l?a=0.13 mm.
. fZs=0.50-0.60mm.Zooecia ' ^^p, ^ ?^[?s=0.25-0.3o mm.This species must not be confounded with any species of the genusFigularia JuUien, which is provided with a hyperstomial ovicell.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (rare).Type.?Cixi. No. 62588, U.S.N.M.Family ACROPORIDAE Canu, 1913.The zooecia are indistinct and their frontal is thickened. Theascopore, perforating the frontal, opens into the zooecia below theoperculum. The hyperstomial ovicell is deeply immersed and in-visible exteriorly. The apertura is buried at the bottom of a longperistomie. There are some frontal avicularia and some peristomialavicularia.The characteristics of this family are not yet sufficiently studied;the recent specimens are rare and the sections made of the fossilforms are often difficult to interpret.We are able to distinguish the principal genera only by the natureof their frontal.Following the Membraniporae, these are the most ancient Cheilos-tome fossils known.The genera of this family and their range are indicated below:k\\ are represented in the early Tertiary of North America.Acropora Reuss, 1869. Maastrichtian-Recent.Gastropella^ new genus. Midwayan-Jacksonian.Pachytheca Canu, 1913. Campanian-Midwayan.Beisselina Canu, 1913. Cenomanian-Jacksonian.GASTROPELLA, new genus.{Gaster, stomach; ope, small opening.)An Acropora having a smooth frontal garnished laterally withareolae.Genotype.?Gastropella ventricosa, new species.Range.?Midwayan-Jacksonian.
38 BULLETIN 9C, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.GASTROPELLA VENTRICOSA, new species,
riate 4, fig. 3.Description.?The zoariiim is free, cylindrical, bifurcated. Thezocecia are large, elliptical, swollen; the frontal is smooth, conA^ex,garnished laterally with some large areolae. The ascopore is verylarge, not salient, placed in the upper third of the zocecia. Theperistome is salient and sharp; the peristomice is oblique, orbicularor elliptical. The ovicell is entirely hidden within the thickness ofthe frontal of the distal zocecium.
. . [A?e= 0.10-0.15 mm.Measurements.?Feristomice , ^.^f,[Ipe =0.15 mm.Zs=0.85 mm.Zocecia ^ , ^ , ^\lz =0.40mmAffinities.?There is frequently a very small peristomial avicu-larium. On the longitudinal sections the ascopore manifestly opensbelow the apertura and it often appears like a large funnel. On theovicelled zocecia there is a sort of clamp which is perhaps intendedto fasten the operculum during the expulsion of the larva.Occurrence.?Midwayan: Mabelvale near Little Eock, Arkansas(common).Type.?Q^i. No. 62589, U.S.N.M.Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The zocecia become calcified from behind in successive zones for-ward, leaving at the surface more or less salient lines, the lines ofgrowth, and are furnished Avith a variable number of dietellae.The genera of this family are as follows, those represented inAmerican deposits being marked with an asterisk.* Eippothoa Lamouroux, 1821. Lutecian-Eecent.Chorizopora Hincks, 1880. Eecent.* Trypostega Levinsen, 1909. Jacksonian-Eecent.Haplopoma Levinsen, 1909. Tortonian-Eecent.Dacryopora Lang, 1914. Cenomanian-Senonian.Family ESCHAEELLIDAE Levison, 1909.The ovicell is hyperstomial. The operculum is rigid and chiti-nous ; it closes the aperture, the compensatrix, and often the ovicell
;
its form is in rapport with the hydrostatic system, and the passageof the eggs into the ovicell.This family is the reunion of the old families of Microporellidae,Myriozoidae, and Escharidae (part) of Smitt and Hincks. Levin-
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 39
sen, in 1909, having proved the identity of the hirvae formed thefamily of Escliarellidae, but the name is badly chosen, for it isbased on an archaic genus which the more recent work will notpermit us to employ.According to the form of the operculum we may class thenumerous genera of this family in the following four large groups
:
Schizoporellae,Hippoporae,Peristomellae,Microporellae.Evidently the hydrostatic and reproductive functions are iden-tical in each but they operate in a quite variable manner. Thesevariations added to those of calcification, which is also an importantfunction, permit the establishment of a large number of generaalmost all rather natural however, which facilitate the study of thisvery important family.
First Group. SCHIZOPORELLAE.The operculum is semilunar; the proximal border bears a slit orrimule which opens the compensatrix. The muscular attachmentsare two small, symmetrical tuberosities more or less removed fromthe border. When the proximal border of the aperture is linear itserves as a pivot for the operculum ; when it is arched and the rimulevery large, the pivot of the operculum is formed by two projectinginterior condyles.The genera of this group with their geologic range are listedbelow; those marked with an * are represented in the AmericanEocene and Oligocene:
'^Schizopodrella^ new genus. Lutecian-Recent.*Stephanosella, new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.
"^Lacerna Jullien, 1888. Lutecian-Eecent.*Buffonella Jullien, 1888. Senonian-Eecent.*Arthropomu Levinson, 1909. Jackscnian-Eecent.Phonicosia Jullien, 1888. Helvetian-Eecent.*/SchizomaveUa, new genus. Jacksonian-Recent.*Dakarla Jullien, 1903. Lutecian-Eecent.*MetroperieUa, new genus. Jacksonian-Eecent.^Emballotheca Levinsen, 1909. Jacksonian-Eecent.*Tetraplaria Tenison Wood, 1878. Jacksonian-Eecent.Nimha Jullien, 1903. Eecent.GemeUipora Smitt, 1872. Miocene-Eecent.Characodmna Maplestone, 1900. Miocene.
40 BULLETIN 9<5, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.SCHIZOPODRELLA, new genus.The ovicell is hyperstomial. It opens above the apei"tnra by aspecial opening closed by a special membrane and without connectionwith the operculum ; it surmounts this apertura without inclosing it.The inferior border of the apertura is somewhat concave and bearsa narrow rimule. The frontal is a tremocyst direct or covering avery thin olocyst finely perforated. The muscular attachments aregenerally at a distance from the border of the operculum. Thereare oral glands.GeTwtype.?Schizopodrella {Lepralia) unicornis Johnston, 1847.Range.?Luteci an-Recent.STEPHANOSELLA, new genus.{Stephanos, crown, in reference to the crown-like border of theovicell.)The o^dcell is hyperstomial and imbedded in the distal zocecia. Itopens above the apertura by an especial orifice. The frontal is asmooth olocyst. No spines. The ovicelled zocecia have a large aper-tura and their avicularium is frontal.Genotype.?Stephanosella {Lepralia) hiaperta Michelin, 1845.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.SCHIZOMAVELLA, new genus.{Schizos, slit; mai^, abbreviation of median avicularium.)The operculum closes the ovicell. The muscular attachment isgenerally in the immediate vicinity of the border of the operculum.The rimule is wide and arched. The frontal is a tremocyst. Amedian avicularium occurs on the front wall. There are small oralglands.Genotxjpe.?SchlzomaveUa {Lepralia) auriculata Hassall, 1842.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.METROPERIELLA, new genus.{Metra, womb (ovicell) ; peri, around, in reference to the ovicell en-tirely surrounding the apertura.)The ovicell is hyperstomial and completely surrounds the aper-tura. The rimule is a large rounded sinus. The frontal is a tremo-cyst bearing a median avicularium.Genotype?Metroperiella {Schizoporella) lepralioides Calvet, 1903.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 41METROPERIELLA BIPLANATA, new species.Plate 4, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium is free, formed of two flat lamella?,back to back and inseparable. The zooecia are much elongated, dis-tinct, fusiform; the frontal is convex and formed of a tremocystwith numerous very fine pores. The apertura is oval, formed of asemilunar anter and with a wide, rounded rimule, separated by twoinner condyles. The ovicell is hyperstomial, large, globular, salient;it completely surrounds the apertura, forming about it a very pro-nounced peristomie, in which is placed its special orifice; the peris-tomice is very irregular. The median avicularium is small, littlesalient, in the immediate vicinity of the rimule.
,, . A . fAa?0.16? 0.18 mm.Measurements.?Aperture \ ^ ? . ,1 m? 0.1-4 mm.? . fZs?1.00-1.10 mm.Zo?e^i^{?,_0.50-0.G0mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (very common).Type.?C'At. No. 62590, U.S.N.M.Second Group. HIPPOPORAE.The operculum has a projection on each side for muscular attach-ment ; it is generally thick. The apertura bears two lateral denticlesor cardelles serving as a pivot for the operculum. The ovicell isalways hyperstomial.All of the four genera comprising the Hippoporae are representedby rather nimaerous species in the Early Tertiary of North America.Hippoporina Neviani, 1895. Danian-Eecent.Ilippomenella, new genus. Lutecian-Recent.Hippodiplosella Canu, 1915. Jacksonian-Recent.Hippozeugosella.) new genus. Priabonian-Miocene.HIPPOMENELLA, new genus.{Hippos., horse; mene., moon, referring to the horseshoe form ofthe apertura and to the areas which decorate the ovicell.)The apertura bears two small cardelles placed very low andseparating a large porta from a small vanna; it is always semi-elliptical (in the interior). The ovicell, hyperstomial, is deeplyimbedded in the distal zooecia; it opens by a large opening abovethe apertura, but it is never closed by the operculum. The frontalis formed of an olocyst perforated laterally by some areolae andsupporting a pleurocyst more or less developed. The ovicell bears
4^ BULLETIN m, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.laterally two areas in the form of a lunar crescent and more or lessperforated. There are nearly always some spines and some avicularia.Genotype.?Hipyortienella {Lepralia) mucronelliformis Waters,1899.Range.?Lutecian-Eecent.HIPPOZEUGOSELLA, new genus.{Ilippos^ horse, in reference to the horseshoe form of the aperture
;
zuegos^ a pair, referring to the arrangement of the zooecia.
)
The ovicell is hyperstomial, its orifice is large, without rapportwith the operculum, and is closed by a special membrane. The aper-tura is elliptical; two small cardelles separate the anter from thesomewhat smaller poster. The frontal is a tremocyst with smallpores. The zoarium is free; the zooecia are joined two by two. Nospines. Avicularia present.Genotype.?Hippozeugosella {Bactridiifm) hagenowi Eeuss IS-il.Range.?Priabonian-Miocene.HIPPOZEUGOSELLA TEGES, new species.Plate 4, fig. 5.Description.?The zoarium is free, erect, unilamellar, formed oftwo longitudinal rows of zooecia ; on the dorsal the zooecia are con-vex, alternate, and have the aspect of a mat. The zooecia are dis-tinct, elongate, hexagonal; the frontal is convex and formed of atremocyst with very small pores. The apertura is orbicular andformed of a large anter, and Avith a smaller poster separated bytwo very small cardelles; the peristome is complete, broad, andinfundibuliform. On the peristome itself and near the zoarial axisthere is a small round avicularium provided with a pivot. Ovicell?i,r , ? X \ha=0.\l mm.Measurements.?Aperture -, _ . ^^ [ la? 0.11 mm.
. fZ3= 0.70-0.75 mm.Zooecia -, ? .?\ Is=0.4:0 mm.Affinities.?The frontal pores are very small and are easily filledup. The frontal and the dorsal are covered with very small granu-lations. The formation of the, branches is effected by the union oftwo zooecia arising from two superposed zooecia.Occurrence.?Upper Jacksonian (Zeuglodon zone) ; Cocoa postoffice, Choctaw County, Alabama (very rare).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : Chipola River, east of Mari-anna, Jackson County, Florida (common).Type.?Cat. No. 62591, U.S.N.M.
EAELY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BEYOZOA. 43Third Group. PERISTOMELLAE.The apertiira is oblique without Ivriile, carclelles, or rimule. Theovicell is h.yperstomial and imbedded in the distal zooecia. It opensabove (and nearly opposite) the oblique apertura and below thefrontal mucro in a locella where the operculum operates.The principal genera of this group are listed below with theirrange; all occur in the North American Eocene and Oligocene.Bathosella, new genus. Cretaceous-Midwaj^an.Romancheina Jullien, 1888. Jacksonian-Eecent.PeHstomella Levinsen, 1902. Lutecian-Eecent.ExocheUa Jullien, 1888. Eocanean-Recent.Didymosella, new genus. Vicksburgian-Eecent.BATHOSELLA, new genus.{Bathos, depth.)The apertura is oblique, without lyrule, cardelles, or rimule. Theovicell is embedded in the distal zooecia. It opens above the aper-tura and below the frontal mucron in the locella. The frontal is athick olocyst, more or less covered by a pleurocyst. The zooecia areindistinct. The avicularia are simple and irregularly placed. Theareolae are very rare. No spines.Genotype.?Bathosella {Mucronella) aspera Ulrich, 1901.Range.?Uppermost Cretaceous, Midwayan.DIDYMOSELLA, new genus.{Didymos, double, having reference to the two large frontal pores.)The frontal is a tremocyst. Below the apertura there are twolarge pores which open into the zooecia under the operculum. Spines.There is a large marginal avicularium, triangular, with pivot, ar-ranged transversally.Genotype.?Didymosella (Porma) larvalis MacGillivray, 1868.Range.?Vicksburgian-Eecent.DIDYMOSELLA CRASSA. new species.Plate 4, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium is unilamellar and very thick ; it creepsover algae. The zooecia are elongated, distinct, in the form of abottle; the frontal is convex and formed of a tremocyst with large,crowded tubular pores. The apertura is elliptical and transverse;the salient peristome bears the traces of very small spines; twoenormous pores are adjacent to the peristome. The avicularium ismarginal, triangular, very large, with pivot, and arranged trans-
44 BULLETIN 9(3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
versely. The lower face is smooth and presents some Uirge, scat-tered concavities. f^?=0.10 mm.Measurements.?Aperturew^_q xi_o.12 mm.r/,.2= 0.60-0.70 mm.2of^"?|7,"=0.40mm.Variatiwis.?In longitudinal section we are better able to com-prehend the organization of this species. In particular the dorsalAvail is a very thick olocyst, the cavities observed on the exterior donot perforate it; they limit the zotecia between which they arehollowed out. The large frontal pores open into the same zooecia
;
the tremopores are tubules; finally, the avicularium is a very largechamber hoUoAved in the thickness of the frontal wall.Occurrence.?Yicksburgian : West bank of Conecuh Eiver, Escam-bia Countv. Alabama (common).Type.?C^ii. No. 62592, U.S.N.M.Fourth Group. MICROPORELLAE.Genera of this group are not represented in the Early Tertiary.DIVERS GENERA.The genera listed under this heading have some peculiar characterswhich do not permit of their classification in any of the large groupscited ; but they appear really to belong to the same general family.The principal genera, Avith their ranges and American occurrence(marked *) are:* Hou2eauina Pergens, 1889. Jacksonian, Priabonian.*CycUc'opora, Hincks, 1884. Jacksonian-Eecent.Kymella, ncAv genus. Recent.Anarthropora Smitt, 1867. Latdorfian-Recent.*Alimdosia Jullien, 1888. Wilcoxian-Recent.KYMELLA, new genus.{Kyma^ undulation, in allusion to the undulated form of the proxi-mal border of the operculum.)The hyperstomial ovicell is always closed by the operculum. Thefrontal is bordered laterally by areolae. The aperturu bears a verywide rimule.Genotype.?Kymella {CycUcopora) polaris Waters, 1904. Recent.STOMACHETOSELLIDAE, new family.The frontal is thick and occasions the formation of a peristomie.The apertura is generally orbicular or semilunar with a very con-cave proximal border. The peristomice is ahvays different in form
;
EABLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRTOZOA. 45
it is notched below by a rimulo-spiramen designed to conduct thewater into the compensatrix. The ovicell is hyperstomial, embeddedin the distal zooecia ; it opens above the apertura in the peristomie.No peristome, lyrule, or cardelles.This familj'- differs from the Reteporidae in the absence of vibices,vacuoles, and reticulated zoarium, in the cleft on the ovicell, and inthe presence of a peristomie. It resembles this family in its em-bedded ovicell and its rimule-spiramen.It differs from the Smittinidae in the absence of lyrule, cardelles,median avicularium, and of a peristome with spines. It possesses thesame embedded ovicell opening into the peristomie. In the Smittini-dae the peristomie is formed by the development of a peristome withspines; in the Stomachetosellidae it is formed by the thickening ofthe frontal.We have founded our generic classification on the aspect of theovicell and on the variations of the escape of the larvae, an importantfunction. All the other functions, reproduction, hydrostatic, cal-cification, and passage of the eggs remain exactly the same.STOMACHETOSELLA, new genus.(Stoma, mouth; ochetos, small canal.)The ovicell entirely surrounds the apertura. The frontal is atremocyst with wide-mouthed tubules. No avicularia. The peri-stomice of the ovicelled zooecia possesses a straighter rimule-spira-men.Genotype.?Stomachetosella crassicolUs, new species. Vicksburgian.STOMACHETOSELLA CRASSICOLLIS, new species.Plate 4, fig. 7.Description.?The zoarium is free, bilamellar, formed of broad,undulated branching fronds, more or less fiabelliform. The zoceciaare elongated, little distinct; the frontal is convex, smooth, thick,and salient around the apertura, and formed by a tremocyst withlarge tubules resting on a thin olocyst. The apertura (interior) isorbicular; the peristomice is provided with a triangular rimule-spiramen; the false peristome is thick and smooth. The ovicell ishyperstomial, buried, globular, salient, ornamented with tubulartremopores ; it opens into the peristomie ; it is possibly closed by theoperculum ( ? ) ; the rimule-spiramen of the ovicelled zooecia is longerand linear. Laterally, near the apertura there is often a triangular,improminent avicularium, the beak directed above, with pivot.
46 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
_ . . / , ? X fAi?e= 0.10-0.15 mm.Measurements.?Penstomice (exterior) 7?g_0 i5_o 20 mm
,. , . JApe =0.12-0.15 mm.Apertura (interior) / a io a i -^ ^ ' \ Z/>e=0.12-0.1o mm.
. [Zs=0.90 mm.Zooecia , a oa a m[ 7.e=: 0.30-0.40 mm.This species with its enormous, solid walls, appears robust andresistant. Nevertheless, this is not the case. It was rapidly exter-minated and never had a large geographic distribution. This isfrequent in the bryozoa, where pliancy is a better sign of longevityand resistance.Occurrence.?Vicksburgian : West bank Conecuh River, EscambiaCounty, Alabama (very common).Tyfe.?Q^X. No. 62593, U.S.N.M.ENOPLOSTOMELLA, new genus.{Enoplis, armed; stoma, mouth.)The apertura and peristomice of the ovicelled zooecia are identicalwith the apertura and peristomice of the ordinary zooecia. Thefrontal is a tremocyst with wide-mouthed tubules. The ovicell doesnot entirely surround the peristomice. There is an avicularium inthe peristomie in the immediate vicinity of the peristomice.Genotype.?EnoplostoTnella defixa, new species.Range.?Jacksonian-Vicksburgian.ENOPLOSTOMELLA DEFIXA, new species.Plate 4. fig. 8.Description.?The zoarium is free, cylindrical, vinculariform,formed of from 6 to 7 longitudinal rows of zooecia. The zooecia areindistinct ; the frontal is little thickened, convex, formed of a tremo-cyst with large tubules placed above an olocyst with pores. Theapertura (interior) is formed of a semilunar anter and of a concaveposter; the peristomice (exterior) is elongated, embedded, providedwith a triangular rimule-spiramen. The ovicell is hyperstomial,buried in the distal zooecia, globular, salient, decorated with largetremopores; it opens largely into the peristome. The oral avi-cularium is adjacent to the peristomice and placed somewhat ob-liquely; it is triangular, rather long, and provided with a pivot; thebeak is turned outward.
. K J. /? ^ ? \ fA?=0.15 mm.Measurements.?Apertura (interior) , ?^?i "- ' [ 7(2=0.15 mm.^ . , . . , . N [Awe=0.14-0.16 mm.Penstomice (exterior)} ^^,^^0.18-0.20 mm.
. fZ2=0.90-1.00 mm.Zooecia , ? .?[ ?s=0.40 mm.
EARLY TEKTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 47Occurrence.?Vicksburgian ; 1 mile north of Monroeville, Alabama(very common).Type.?Cat. No. 62594, U.S.N.M.SCHIZEMIELLA, new genus.(Schizos, slit; emi, abbreviation of peristomie.)The frontal of the ovicell is very fragile. The apertura is schizo-porelliclan with wide rimiile. The rimiile-spiramen is inconstant.The tubules are reimited on their commonage.Genotype.?Schizemiella claibornica, new species. Claibornian,SCHIZEMIELLA CLAIBORNICA, new species.Plate 4, fig. 9.Description.?The zoariiim is free, bilamellar with inseparablelamellae. The zocecia are indistinct; the frontal is thickened, littleconvex, formed of a tremocyst with large irregular tubules placed ona thin olocyst with very small pores in quincunx. The apertura isformed of an ogival anter and a concave poster with a very widerimule ; the peristomice is elongated, embedded, with a very wide, ir-regular rimule-spiramen. The ovicell is hyperstomial and openslargely into the peristomie; it is little globular, hardly salient; cov-ered by a smooth or perforated, very fragile wall ; the peristomice iselliptical and transverse. The avicularium is triangular, the beakdirected above, adjacent to the peristomice which it deforms, pro-vided with a pivot.T. ?.?/.? X \hpe^0.20 mm.Measurements.?Peristomice (exterior) | , ?014?0 16 mm
,. ^ . , [^.=0.12 mm.Apertura (interior) 1^^^^^^^^^
? .,.,.. [Ls=0.54: mm.Zocecia (interior) , ? ??^ ^ [?2=0.30 mm.Variations.?In the interior the tremopores are regularly placed inquincunx ; on the exterior they are very irregularly disposed, largerand less numerous.The rimule of the peristomice is very irregular. In reality theform of the apertura belongs to the group of very typical Schizo-porella and the operculum ought to be chitinized enough to insuresufficiently the opening of the compensatrix by itself.Occurrence.?Claibornian (Gosport) ; Claiborne, Alabama (rare).One mile west of Rockville, Clarke County, Alabama (rare).Type.?C?it. No. 62595, U.S.N.M.METRADOLIUM, new genus.{Metra, womb ; dolios, deceptive, having reference to the deceptiveaspect of the ovicells.)
48 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The ovicelled zooecia, different in form from the others, have aperistomice in the form of a lunar crescent without rimule-spiramen.The frontal is a tremocyst with tubules.Genotype.?MetradoUum cUssimilis, new species. Jacksonian.METRADOLIUM DISSIMILIS, new species.Plate 4, tig. 10.Description.?The zoarium is free, bilamellar, branching; thefronds are wide, thick, distorted or undulated, dichotomous. Thezocecia are distinct, elongated, elliptical. The frontal is a tremocystwith tubules resting on an olocyst with very small pores correspond-ing to the tubules. The peristomie is deep and very oblique ; the aper-tura is small and suborbicular ; the peristomice is orbicular ; the spira-men is median, more or less distant from the peristomice. There aretwo oral avicularia symmetrically placed but dissimilar in form andsize ; the smaller is round, simple, nonsalient ; the larger is enormous,oval, salient, with pivot. The ovicell is enormous, buried in the distalzocecia, hyperstomial but opening largely into the peristomie ; salientand globular; its peristomice has the form of a lunar crescent; theovicelled zooecia bear only a small avicularium with pivot.
. \Jipe=0.U-0.1^ mm.Measurements.?PevistomicQ (exterior) W^^g?o i5_o.20 mm.|Z2=0.74-0.7G mm.Zooecia (exterior) j^;,= 0.40-0.50 mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(very common), and various localities in South Carolina and Georgia.Type.?OAi. No. 62596, U.S.N.M.LEIOSELLA, new genus.{Leios, smooth, having reference to the nature of the frontal.)The frontal is an olocyst. The peristomice of the ovicelled zooecia-is of different form from that of the other zooecia ; it is a lunar cres-cent and deprived of rimule-spiramen.Genotype.?Leiosella rostrifera.^ new species. Vicksburgian.This genus differs from Metradolium only in the nature of thefrontal, which is here a very thick olocyst.LEIOSELLA ROSTRIFERA, new species.Plate 5, fig. 1.Description.?T\\e zoarium is free, bilamellar; the fronds are nar-row, flat, claviform, bifurcated. The zooecia are elongated, distinct,ovoid ; the frontal is smooth, convex, formed by a thick olocyst. Theperistomice is irregular; the rimule-spiramen is bordered laterally
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 49by the oral aviciilarium. The apertiira is elongated, ovoid, very-oblique. The oral aviculariiim is large, transverse, salient, with thebeak strong and curved; it is provided with a pivot and a largemandible, more or less spatulate. On the frontal there are twosmall, elliptical avicularia with round mandible.Occurrence.?Vicksburgian : One mile north or Monroeville, Ala-bama (very common).Type.?C2.t. No. 62597, U.S.N.M.METROCRYPTA, new genus.{Metra^ womb, in reference to the ovicell; cryptos^ hidden.)The frontal is a tremocyst with tubules. The rimule-spiramen iswide and of very little depth. Ovicell unknown.Genotype.?Metrocrypta hucculenta^ new species. Jacksonian.The ovicell of this genus is unknown ; it is therefore very doubtfulthat the genus should be introduced into this family. The oral avic-ularium is very rare; however, its presence seems to us the bestcharacter for classification.METROCRYPTA BUCCULENTA, new species.Plate 5, fig. 2.Description.?The zoarium is free, cylindrical, bifurcated. Thezooecia are elongated, large, little distinct; the frontal is convex,porous, formed of a tremocyst placed on a thick olocyst. The peri-stomice is somewhat elongated, oval, its lower point formed of a widerimule-spiramen; the peristomie is somewhat salient; the apertura(interior) is much smaller, orbicular, very oblique. The oral avic-ularium is very rare; it is quite large, prominent, triangular, adja-cent to the peristomice, provided with a pivot placed very low.
. -r. ? . / ^ ? N fAi?e= 0.30-0.35 mm.Measurements.?Feristomice (exterior) / ? ? ?'^ ^ \lpe=Q.2>0 mm.
. ^ /? . ? X fAffl=0.15 mm.Apertura (mterior) , ? . ?^ ^ ' [m=0.15 mm.
? . (Z2=1.00 mm.Zooscia , - ?j.|fe=1.25 mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (common).Type.?Oiii. No. 62598, U.S.N.M.OCHETOSELLA, new genus.{Ochetos^ small canal.)The ovicell is hyperstomial and deeply embedded in the distalzooecium. The rimule-spiramen is replaced by a small canal sup-52091??17 4
50 BULLETIN 9G, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.ported by a peristomial projection. The frontal is an olocyst per-forated laterally by some areolae and covered by a uniform pleu-rocyst.Genotype.?OchetoseUa jacksonica., new species.Range.?Claibornian, Jacksonian.At first glance, this genus appears close to Palmicellaria., but thisis an error. The large avicularian mucro of that genus is replacedhere by a small canal which is evidently the equivalent of the rimule-spiramen of the other genera of the family Stomachetosellidae.Wlien it exists, the oral avicularium is indeed in its place in the im-mediate vicinity of the peristomice and of the rimule-spiramen.OCHETOSELLA JACKSONICA, new species.Plate o, fig. 3.Description.?The zoarium is free, erect, cylindrical, bifurcated,often anastomosing. The zocecia are elongated, distinct, hexagonal,separated by a salient thread; the frontal is concave, bordered bylarge areolae, formed of a thin olocyst and covered by a uniform andfinely granulated pleurocyst. The apertura is semilunar and invisibleexternally; the peristomice is very oblique, with undefined outlines,vaguely triangular. The ovicell is globular and deeply embedded inthe distal zocecia. The oral avicularium is rare.Measurements.?Zooecia |^^__q ^q i^m.Occurrence.?Upper Claibornian (Gosport sand) : One mile south-west of Rockville, Clarke County, Alabama (very rare).Lower Jacksonian : Jackson, Mississippi (very common).Middle Jacksonian : Wilmington, North Carolina (very common),and various localities in South Carolina and Georgia.Type.?Coi. No. G2599, U.S.N.M.Family SMITTINIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The ovicell which is hyperstomial and embedded in the distalzocecia opens into the peristomie. The peristome is produced andchanneled in front. The operculum is (not universally) very thin;the lower edge is straight or slightly curved inward and hardlyseparated from the ectocyst; the muscular attachments are usuallya ridge on the border. There are very small oral glands often partlyattached to the tentacular sheath. Spines.This family is a very natural one, but unfortunately our knowl-edge of the anatomy and embryology is too slight to allow us to fixits exact limits. The development of the peristome is one of theessential characters ; we continue to employ the same terminology asfor the preceding families. The orifice of the peristome is the
EARLY TEETIARY CHEILOSTOME BKYOZOA. 51peristomice (secondary orifice of Hincks) ; it is irregular and its out-lines are vague and undefined. The apertura is the zooecial orificeclosed by the operculum; it is not always visible externally. Theinternal tube formed by the development of the peristome is theperistomie.The calcification functions as in other genera. Nevertheless thepleurocyst is a frequent occurrence, and the greater part of the timethe two calcareous layers are separable.Genus SMITTINA Norman, 1903.1880. Smittia Hincks, British ^Marine Polyzoa, p. 340 (preoccupied).1903. Smittina Norman, Notes on tlie Natural History of East Finmarli,Annals and Magazine Natural History (7), vol. 12, p. 120.In the apertura there is a lyrule and two cardelles. The frontalis an olocyst, perforated laterally with areolae and supporting agranular or costulate pleurocyst. The anterior indentation of theperistome contains an avicularium very often triangular.Genotype.?Smlttina {Leprdlia) reticulata MacGillivray.Range.?Lutecian-Eecent.This genus is represented in the American Early Tertiary by14 new species and by Smittina tubulata Gabb and Horn, 1862,from the Vicksburgian, /S'. stromhecJd Eeuss, 1806, from the Middleand Upper Jacksonian, and S. angulata Eeuss, 1866, from the Jack-sonian and Vicksburgian.PLAGIOSMITTIA, new genus.{Plagios^ transverse, referring to the zocccial arrangement.)The ovicell opens into the peristomie. The frontal is a tremocyst.The avicularium is placed in the peristomie. The zooecia are orientedtransversally to the zoarial fronds.Genotyj)e.?Plagiosmittia regularis., new species. Jacksonian.This genus differs little from Porella Gray, 1848, in the nature ofits functions. The difference lies in the irregularity of the place ofthe median avicularium and in the disposition of the zooecia on thefronds. Possibly it should be considered only a subgenus.PLAGIOSMITTIA REGULARIS, new species.Plate 5, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium is bilamellar; the fronds are flat, nar-row bifurcated. The zocecia are much elongated, distinct, separatedby a thread or a furrow, and are much narrowed proximally. Thefrontal is flat or little convex, and formed of a tremocyst with nu-merous crov.ded pores. The peristome is thin, salient; the aperture
52 BULLETIN DC, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
is semilunar, with a very concave proximal border; the peristomicc isirregular, but it often contains a false rimule limited by the avicu-larium. The ovicell is globular, little salient; it is formed of a largecircular area with small numerous pores, surrounded by an impromi-nent smooth collar; it is embedded in the distal zocecia and opensinto the peristomie. The avicularium is peristomial, placed more orless laterally ; the mandible moves in the peristomie.Oceurrcnce.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : Old factory, one-half mileabove Bainbridge, Georgia (rare).Yicksburgian : Salt Mountain, 5 miles south of Jackson, Alabama(ver}' rare).Type.?C^ii. Xo. 62600, U.S.N.M.Genus MUCRONELLA Ilincks, 1880.1880. Mucronclln Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 3G0.The frontal is surrounded by areolae and covered by a pleurocyst,costulate or granular. There is a lyrule, and often some cardelles, inthe peristomice inferiorly.Genotype.?Miicronella {Lepralia) pcachi Johnston, 1847.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.The limits of this genus were rigorously established in 1904 byWaters. It differs from Smittina in the replacement of the avicu-larium by a mucro ; that is to say, by an organ which we know to bealmost equivalent. Several new species are known in our AmericanEarly Tertiary.Genus RHAMPHOSTOMELLA Lorenz, 1886.1886. RhamphostowcUa Lorenz, Bryozoen von Jan Mayen, Die Oester-reichiscbe rohirstation, J;m Mayen, vol. 3, p. 11.The operculum closes the ovicell, which is hyperstomial ; it is thinand delicate, but there is a raised circular ridge. There is a verynarrow lyrule before an asymmetrical sinus. The frontal is anolocyst with costules. Before the orifice of the ovicell, and at thesame height, there is a very large avicularium, oblique, salient, andplaced eccentrically. Eighteen tentacles. The oral glands are muchdeveloped.Genotype.?RhamphostomeUa costata Hincks, 1889.Range.?Priabonian-Recent.A new variety of Rkaniphostoinelln hrendolcnsis Waters, 1891,and two new species occur in the American Eocene.
EARLY T1^,P>TIAITY CHEILOSTOME ERYOZOA. 53CYSTISELLA, new genus.{Cystis, bladder, pouch.)The frontal is an olocyst. It bears a very wide avicularian cham-ber in Avhich there is a pair of large glands. The mandibles havea liicida in the middle. (Waters).Genotyi>e.?Cystlsella {Por^ella) saccata P)iisk, 1856.Range.?Midwayan-Recent.
" In Porella saccata it [the ovicell] is many-layered, as thin cal-careous layers, presumably gymnocyst [our olocyst] layers, con-tinually grovv^ over the 0(?cium, not only from the distal zooeciumbut also from the two neighboring zocecia, and w^e can see, as a rule,three, distinctly separated, thin covering plates on their surface." ^CYSTISELLA MIDWAYANICA. new species.Plate 5, fig. G.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are dis-tinct, somewhat elongated, hexagonal, separated by a furrow or athin salient thread ; the frontal is very convex and very finely granu-lated. The peristome is thin, little salient in its distal part ; it bearssome spines; the peristomice is elliptical and deformed inferiorly bythe avicularium. The aviculariam forms a long chamber, medianand conical; its orifice is little circular and turned toward theapertura.MeasureTThents.?Peristomice / a\ i *l/pe=0.14mm.
rj ? fZs=0.40 mm.Zooecia , ^ ^^1 fe=0.30mm.Occurance.?Midyvaynn (Clayton limestone) : Luverne, CrenshawCounty, Alabama (very rare).One mile west of Fort Gaines, Georgia (rare).Type.?Cat. No. G2902, U.S.N.M.Genus PORELLA Gray, 1848.1848. Porella Gray, List of British Animals in collection British Museum.Centrouiae, pp. 127, 148.The ovicell opens into the peristomie; it is porous, imbedded inthe distal zocecium. The apertura is semilunar. Neither lyrule norcardelles. The operculum is almost straight in its proximal part,with rounded corners; there is a muscular prominence a little dis-tance from the edge. In front of the apertura there is an avicu-larium ; the mandible is semicircular and has well-marked thickenings
1 Leviasen, JHorp'aological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, p. 336.
54 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.formed of diagonal bars. The frontal is a tremocyst with tubules.Twenty tentacles.Genotype.?Porella {Millepora) cervkornis Pallas, 17GG.Range.?Lutecian-Eecent.This genus differs from BmUtina only in the calcification; thetremocyst replaces the pleurocyst. There are, however, some othersecondary differences. The mandible of the avicularium is semi-circular; it is generally (but not universally) triangular in Smlttina.This is a prolific genus in the Early Tertiary of North America,15 new species being known, represented in most cases by abundantspecimens. Genus UMBONULA Hincks, 1880.1S80. Umhonnla Hinck, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 316.There is neither lyrule nor cardelles. The apertura is suborbi-cular. The ovicell is hyperstomial and opens largely above the aper-tura. The frontal is a pleurocyst with costules surrounded by areo-lae. A prominent umbo immediately below the mouth, supportingan avicularium.Genotype.?Umhonula (Cellepora) verrvcosa Esper, 1791.Range.?Lutecian-Eecent. Eepresented by two species in theVicksburgian of Alabama.Genus PHOCEANA Jullien, 1903.1903. riioceana Jullien, Bryozoaires provenaut des Campagnes de VHiron-dcUc, p. 107.The apertura is semicircular with poster slightly concave; it isdeprived of cardelles and bears a pseudolyrule formed by the eleva-tion of the peristomial wall. The operculum bears a chitinous muralrim incomplete at the level of the convexity of the upper border andlittle removed from the lateral borders.Genotype.?Phoceana columnaris Jullien, 1903.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.HIPPADENELLA, new genus.{Aden., gland.)The frontal is a pleurocyst surrounded by areola?. The aperturabears two cardelles. The mandibles have a lucida in the middle. Theavicularian chamber shows a double glandlike body and the pro-toj^lasmic mass.Genotype.?Hippadenella (Flustra) margaritifera Quoy and Gay-mard, 1833. Eecent.It seems to us that it would be better to classify this genus in theHippoporinae, although all the authors are agreed in considering
EAELY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BEYOZOA. 55the genotype as belonging to the genus Porella; we can not maintainit there, the frontal being a pleurocyst and the apertura bearingcardelles. Family RETEPORIDAE Smitt, 1867.The ovicell is hyperstomial, much immersed in the distal zoojcium
;
it is largely open into the peristomie. The zoarium is generallyreticulate ; the dorsal face presents some projections or vibices with-out connection with zooecia and contains interiorly some keno-zoa?cia (lacimae of Waters) more or less numerous and elongated.The reteporidan pore placed in front of the apertura is accordingto its situation an ascopore or a spiramen; 11 to 16 tentacles.Genus RETEPORA Imperato, 1859.1859. Retepora Imperato, Dell' historia naturale, book 28.
" This gi'oup has a fissure in the ovicell. The proximal edge of theoperculum is nearly straight, and very similar throughout thisgroup; labial avicularia occur in some but not in all. The oralglands are very well developed" (Waters). The reteporidan poreis a spiramen.Genotype.?Retepora cellulosa Linnseus-Smitt, 1867.Range,?Jacksonian-Recent.HIPPELLOZOON, new genus.{Hippos^ horse, referring to the horseshoe shape of the apertura.)The ovicell is widely open. There is neither labial aviculariumnor reteporidan pore. The operculum is contracted in the middle,having long bands at the sides for the muscular attachments; theproximal edge is not straight. The apertura has two cardelles.Genotype.?Hippellozoon {Retepora) novezelandiae Waters, 1894.Recent. SCHIZELLOZOON, new genus.(Schizos, slit).The ovicell is widely open and provided with a semicircular slit.It has neither labial avicularium nor reteporidan pore. The oper-culum has a broad thickened border; the proximal edge is notstraight. The poster of the apertura bears a wide little deep sinus.Genotype.?&ch kellozoon {Retepora) imperati Busk, 1884. Recent.The spiramen (reteporidan pore of Waters) is replaced by apseudospiramen which is a groove in the proximal lip of the peri-stomice.
56 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. .TRIPHYLLOZOON, new genus.{Trlphyllon, trifoliate, alluding to the trifoliate ovicell.)
" The ovicell has a ' trifoliate stigma.' There is generally a minuteavicularium on the lip to one side. The opercula generally are fairlysimilar with a nearly straight proximal edge, and in shape ratherwider than long, v^ ith the muscular attachments rather high up andnear the border. Apparently all have the labial pore which is oftenthe end of a long tube opening into the zocecium (= ascopore) proxi-mally to the operculum" (Waters).Oenoti/pe.?Triphyllozoon {Retepora ) monUifenim ]Mac( Hllivray,18G0. Eecent. Genus RHYNCHOZOON Hincks, 1891.1881. Rhi/nrhopora Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa. p. 38.5, (Preoccupied,replaced by Rhynchozoon in 1891.)
" This genus seems to be characterized by the possession, of a moreor less well-developed sinus on the apertura, by its ovicell which hasan entire frontal surface, and is provided with an incomplete ooecialcover, and by the possession of pore-chambers (dietella?.)" (Levin-gen.)Genotype.?Rhynchozoon {LepraUa) hhpinosa Johnston, 1849.Eecent. Genus SCHIZOTHECA Hmcks, 1877.1877. ScMsotheca Hincks, On British Polyzoa, pt. 2, Classification, AnnalsMagazine Natural History (4), vol. 20. p. i"t28; 1880, British MarinePolyzoa, p. 283.
" Zooecia with a suborbicular primary orifice, the lower marginsinuatecl; the secondary orifice raised, tubular, notched in front.Ovicell terminal, with a fissure in the front w'all, never closed by theoperculum."Genotype.?Schizotheca {LepraUa) fissa Busk, 1856. Eecent.Levinsen classified this genus in the Eeteporidae, where we alsobelieve it better placed.Family GALEOPSIDAE Jullien, 1903.The ovicell is hyperstomial and opens into the peristomie abovethe operculum. A spiramen introduces into the peristomie the wa-ter destined afterwards for the compensatrix.In the family of the Adeonidae as in that of the Eeteporidae thisspiramen also exists; it is in evident relation Avith the hydrostaticsystem; it might have another use, another function mifortunatelystill unknown. It is not possible, for example, to compare the sizeof the spiramen of Galeopsis with the smallness of the orifice of thecompensatrix simply closed by a rimule or by a poster of an oper-
EAET.Y TEETIAEY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA, 57
culiim. On the other hand, it is quite frequent to find on the samezoarium some zocecia deprived of spiramen, and which neverthelessare still living and contain a polypide.Genus GALEOPSIS Jullien, 1903.1903. Galeopsis Jtjt.lten, Bryozoa provenant des Campagnes de Vllirondelle,p. 94.The spiramen is very large and salient. The apertnra has twocardelles. The frontal is a tremocyst or an olocyst.Genotype.?Galeopsis rahkhis Jnllien, 1903.Range.?Maestrichtian-Recent.Several new species of this well-marked genus are known in theAmerican Early Eocene.SCHIZAROPSIS, new genus.{Schisos, slit; opsis, appearance.)The apertura bears a straight proximal border notched by" a smallrectilinear rimule. The frontal is garnished laterally with areolae;it is formed of a very finely granulated pleurocyst placed on a thickolocyst. The spiramen is almost as large as the peristomice.Genotype.?Schizaropsis conveica., new^ species. Jacksonian.SCHIZAROPSIS CONVEXA, new species.Plate 5, fijr. 7.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters ; the zooecia are groupedin linear longitudinal lines. The zocecia are distinct, a little elon-gated, elliptical, or rectangular; the frontal is very convex, smooth,or very finely granular, bordered laterally with six large widelyspaced areolae. The apertura is formed of a semilunar anter and ofa straight proximal border notched by a small rectilinear rimule.The spiramen is elliptical, transverse, placed on the exterior peris-tomie, almost as wide as the peristomice. The ovicell is globular,salient, smooth ; it is hyperstomial and opens by a very large orificeabove the apertura and opposite the spiramen. Two small triangularavicularia are placed symmetrically on each side of the apertura.fA<2=0.05mm.Measureme7its.?Apertura (without YimmQ)U_QQ^ ^^^^fZs=0.35-0.50 mm.Zoceciaj^^ =0.30 mm.Variations.?The young zooecia have no superior arch and aredeprived of spiramen. On the adult zocecia when the superior archis not formed the lateral lips of the peristomie limit a rimule-spira-men. The lateral areolae are little visible because of the very large
58 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.convexity of the frontal ; they are quite apparent when the prepara-tion is properly inclined.The spiramen is little visible in perspective because it is in a planealmost perpendicular to the zooecial plane.Occurrence.?Lower Jacksonian: Jackson, Mississippi (rare).Ty2)e.?C^t. No. 62603, IJ.S.N.M.Genus HASWELLIA Busk, 1884.1SS4. Hafiicellia Busk, Report on the Polyzoa collected l^y H. M. S.Challcnyer, pt. 1, p. 171.The apertura has its proximal border notched by a very widerimule not separated from the anter. The frontal is a very thiclctremocyst. The spiramen is a small salient tube. The zoarium iscylindrical.Genotype.?Jlaswellia {Myrlo2oum) austraUensis Haswell, 1880.Range.?Tongrian-Recent.SEMIHASWELLIA, new genus.The zooecia are disposed only on one side of the zoarium; thedorsal bears only avicularia. The frontal and the dorsal are of thesame nature and are formed of a tremocyst with sulci.Genotype.?Porina prohoscklea Waters, 1888. Range : Jacksonian-Recent.This new genus is zoarial; no distinct zooecial function separatesit from Haswellia. Nevertheless it has some important zoarial func-tions susceptible of giving generic characters; the very constantpresence of small dorsal avicularia seems to be a very good character.The recent specimens are extremely rare and it is still not possibleto study them in detail. Species of both flaswellia and Semihas-wellici occur in the Jacksonian of the Southern States.Genus GIGANTOPORA Ridley, 1881.1881. Gigantopora Ridley, Zoological collections made din-ing survey ofH. M. S. Alert. Proceedings Zoological Society London, p. 47.The apertura bears a rimule. The frontal is an olocyst. Thespiramen is inconstant; it is almost as large as the apertura.Genotype.?Gigantopora lynchoides Ridley, 1881.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.Genus GEPHYROPHORA Busk, 1884.1884. Gephyrophora Busk. Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S.Challenger, pt. 1, p. 67.The apertura nears a proximal rimule. The frontal is a tremocyst.Genotype.?Gephyrophora polyniorpha Busk, 1884.Range.?Tongrian-Recent.
EAELY TEHTIAEY CTTETLOSTOME BRYOZOA. 59Genus TESSARADOMA Norman, 1868.1SG8. Tcssamdoiiia Norman, Report 3Sth Meeting, British Association forthe Advancement of Science, p. 309.The apertura is provided with cardelles. The frontal is surroundedby areolae and covered by a pleurocyst. The spiramen opens at thelevel of the operculum. The operculum in opening closes the spira-men.Genotype.?Tes.'<aradoma {Pustnlopora) gramle Sars, 1850.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.In spite of Jullien's observations, the exact nature of the spiramenis still doubtful; its place and its function are not yet elucidated.Several species referred to this genus occur in the American Jack-sonian. TREMOTOICHOS, new genus.{Treiria., opening; toichos^ wall.)The frontal and the dorsal are tremocysts with sulci. The spira-men opens interiorly at the level of the operculum; exteriorly it isdistant from the peristomice and almost never placed on the medianaxis of the zocecia.Genotype.?TrenvotoicTws rectifurcatum^ new species. Jacksonian.This genus possesses all the characters of Semihasv)ellia ; the dif-ference is little perceptible and consists solely in the place of thespiramen. As the latter does not appear to exercise the same physio-logical function (according to Jullien) as in SemihasweUia, webelieve it necessary to create a new genu.s.TREMOTOICHOS RECTIFURCATUM, new species.Plate 6, fig. 1.Description.?The zoarium is free, subcylindrical, branched almostat a right angle. The dorsal is very thick ; deprived of avicularia andformed of a tremocyst with tubules and with sulci. The zocecia areindistinct ; the frontal is a tremocyst with sulci placed on an olocystwith very small perforations. The peristome is salient, perpendicu-lar to the zoarial plane, thick, and provided with a small proximalavicularium ; the peristomice is orbicular. The spiramen is a pore ofthe frontal placed on the right or left of the median axis and distantfrom the peristomice. fA^;e? 0.10 mm.Measurements.?Peristomice . 7?._q ^q ?-^^Zocecia?Z5'=0.70 mm.Variations.?The spiramen is not always apparent ; it is confusedwith the tremopores. The peristome of the young zocecia is thin.
00 BULLETIN 00, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The sulci are not always apparent on the dorsal. The peristome maybear two small aviciilaria. The branches are sometimes quite closetogether.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(very common), near Lenuds Ferry, South Carolina (very common).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : Chipola River, east of Ma-rianna, Jackson County, Florida (rare).Type.?C-dt No. 62600, U.S.N.M.Family HIPPOPODINIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The frontal is calcified. The ovicell is endozocecial.We have extended the meaning of Levinsen's definition since weinclude in this family all the species provided with an endozocecialovicell. Evidently we can not affirm that they all have the samelarva; but the identity of the ovicell implies that tlie larvae are atleast closely related.The known genera of this family, all represented in Americanstrata, are as follows:Cheilopora Levinsen, 1900.Hifpopodina Levinsen, 1909.Metrarabdotos Canu, 1914.Watersipora Neviani, 1895.Genus CHEILOPORA Levinsen, 1909.1909. Cheilopora Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on theCheilostomatous Bryozou, p. 353.The frontal is a tremocyst with pores in quincunx not separablefrom the olocyst subjacent and perforated with very small corre-sponding pores. Two dietellae. " The distal wall has no expansionpartly separating the ovicell from the zoa^cium; multi})orous sep-tulae; peristome present in the form of a liplike projection."(Levinsen, 1909.)Genotype.?Cheilopora {Lepralia) siiicera Smitt, 1867.Range.?Aquia-Eecent.Cheilopora {Lepralia) Jalnosa Ulrich, 1901, and nine new speciesrepresent this genus in the early Tertiary of America.Genus HIPPOPODINA Levinsen, 1909.1909. Ilippopodina Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on theCheilostomatous Bryozoa, p. 353.The apertura is provided with two cardelles. The frontal is atremocyst placed on a finely perforated and very thin olocyst. Theovicell is endozocecial. "The horizontal part of the distal wall is
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 61
continued into an expansion which forms a partial partition be-tween the ovicell and the zooecium; uniporous septulae; no peris-tome." (Levinsen, 1909.)Genotype,?IlippoiJodina {Lepralia) feegensis Busk, 1884.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.HIPPOPODINA VIBRACULIFERA, new Bpecies.Plate 5, fig. 8.Description.?The zoarium is free, biLamellar; the two lamellaeback to back are easily separated. The zocecia are elongated, large,hexagonal; the frontal is convex and formed of a tremocyst withvery numerous pores placed on a very finely perforated olocyst fromwhich it is separable. The apertura is formed of a very large orbic-ular anter and of a narrower poster with proximal lip straight anddenticulated; the vestibular arch is clearly visible. The endozooecialovicell is immense and takes the place of a zooecium; it is convexand perforated with tremopores; the apertura of the ovarian zoceciais much larger. Two auriculate vibracula are placed symmetricallyon the distal part of the zocecia. 1^/7=0.25 mm.MeasuveTnents.?Apertura of ordinary zooecia j ^__q 28 jj^ni.|7m=:0.25mm.Apertura of ovarian zocecia [ ^^?-q 35 mmIZs=0.90-1.10mm.Zocecia I ?2=0.80-1.00mm.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common).Upper Jacksonian (Ocala limestone) : Old factory, 1^ miles aboveBainbridge, Georgia (rare).Type.?C^t No. 6260-1, U.S.N.M.Genus METRARABDOTOS Canii, 1914.1914. Mctrarahdotos Canu, Les Bryozoires fossiles Sud-Ouest France. Bul-letin Societe Geologique France, ser. 3, vol. 14. p. 472.The ovicell is endozooecial. The apertura is semilunar, with arimule and lyrule. The frontal is surrounded with lateral areolaeand formed of an olocyst surmounted by a pleurocyst.Genotype.?Metrarabdotos {Eschara) moniliferum Milne-Ed-wards, 1838.Range.?Priabonian-Astian,The genotype is a common and characteristic Yicksburgian fossilof the Southern States.
62 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus WATERSIPORA Neviani, 1895.805. Watcrsipora Neviani, Briozoi iieozoici di alcune localita d' Italia,BoUetino della Societa Koiuaua per gli Studi Zoologici, i^t. 2, vol. 4,p. 231.The operculum is membranous or very slightlj'' chitinous on theborders; it exhibits a chitinous axial band of a brown color markingout from the rest of the operculum two lateral spaces which areclearer and which correspond to the two powerful cardelles borne bythe zocecial orifice. The frontal is a tremocyst.Genotype.?Watersipora {Lepral'ia) cucullata (Busk, 1853), va-riety labiosa Calvet, 1903.Range.?Helvetian-Eecent. One new species in the Upper Jack-sonian. Family TUBUCELLARIIDAE Busk, 1884.The zooecia have no spines ; their frontal is formed of long tremo-cystal tubules surmounting a thin perforated olocyst. The septulaeare numerous, scattered, and multiporous. The ovicell is peristomi-ale, being formed by a great expansion of the peristomie which isalways very long. The frontal bears an ascopore opening into thecompensatrix.The zoarium is free, unilamellar, bilamellar, or cylindrical. It isoften articulated and radicellated. The articulated zoarium gen-erally lives among algae, the mobility and flexibility of which it mustshare. Kcij to genera.Zoarinm articulated. No avicularia TnhuecUaria.Zoarium. fixed, hiamellar. Avicularia very rare TuhueeUa.Zoarium unilamellar. Avicularia on each zooecium Tiihiporclla.Genus TUBUCELLARIA D'Orbigny, 1852.1852. TnbuecJlarut D'Orbigny, Paleoutologie francaise, Terrain Cretace,vol. 5, p. 335.The zoarium is articulated and radicellated. The operculum is sim-ple and separable. No vestibular arch, no avicularia.Genotype.?Tubucellaria {Cellaria) cereoides Ellis and Solander,1786.Range.?Lutecian?Recent. Four new species in the Eocene andOligocene of America.TUBUCELLA, new^ genus or subgenus.The zoarium is free, bilamellar. firmly attached, rigid. The avicu-laria are very rare. The peristomiale is equal to the frontal.Genotype.?Tubucella {Eschara) mamillaris Milne-Edwards, 183C.Range.?Lutecian-Jacksonian.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 63TUBUCELLA MONILIFERA, new species.Plate 5, fig. 9.Description.?The zoarium is free ; the two lamellae are placed backto back and intimately joined; the fronds are broad, compressed,distorted, and branching. The zooecia are much elongated, fusiform,little distinct, surrounded by a collar of large pores ; the frontal andthe peristomiale are of equal length, separated by the ascopore andperforated with small hexagonal pores. The peristome is salient,thick, oblique. The avicularia are very rare, large, transverse, ellip-tical, with two denticles for a pivot.
^ ry . fZ3=^0.90-1.00 mm.Measurements.?Locecia\ , ? ??[ fo=0.32 mmYariations.?The zooecia are very constant in their exterior aspect.The larger pores surround the peristomiale and are three times largerthan the others.Certain fronds bear some zooecia, closed, not by the oloc_yst, but bythe tremocyst, the tubules of which have encroached upon the peri-stome. The physiological function of these zooecia is unlaiown.The avicularia are scattered, are very large, and form a very largefrontal, the origin of which is one of the lateral pores of the peri-stomiale.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Wilmington, North Carolina(common).Eutaw Springs, South Carolina (rare).Type.?Cd?. No. 62605, N.S.N.M.Genus TUBIPORELLA Levinsen, 1909.1909. TuhiporeJla TvEvinsen, Jlorphological and Sy.stematic Studies on theCheilostomatous Bryozoa, p. 204.A membranous opercular valve. A vestibular arch ; each zoceciumwith one or two avicularia at the height of the ascopore. The colonyoccurs as a free foliaceous expansion, with a single layer of zooecia(Levinsen).Genotype.?Tubiporella {Lepralia) magnirostris MacGillivray,1882.Range.?Miocene-Recent.Family CATENICELLIDAE Busk, 1852.CATENICELLA SUBSEPTENTRIONALIS. new species.Plate 5, fig. 5.The Catenicellidae are bryozoa peculiar to the southern hemis-phere. They abound in the recent seas off Australia, and their fossil
64 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.forms are frequent in the same region. However, Waters discoveredin the Priabonian of the Vicentin ^ two species having some affinitieswith this family; namel}'' Catenicella septentrionalis Waters 1891,and C. continua Waters, 1891. According to Waters^ the latterspecies is a Vittaticella and the first belongs to a new genus.The single and unique fragment found in America is very closeto Catenicella septentrionalis Waters, 1891. It differs from it inits somewhat larger micrometric dimensions, more closely arrangedfrontal pores, and in the presence of a small, oral avicuhirinm.Occurrence.?Vicksburgian ; Salt Mountain, 5 miles south of Jack-son, Alabama. (Very rare.)Type.?Cat. No. 62601, U.S.N.M.Family ADEONIDAE Jullien, 1903.The zooecia are provided with a compensatrix, but are devoid ofspines and oral glands. The areolae are always closed and exca-vated out of the wall substance itself. The frontal is composed ofan olocyst covered by a very thick pleurocyst. The operculumopens at the bottom of a peristomie. The female zooecia are of thekind termed gonoecia and are often larger than the others; they con-tain an ovicell sac in which the embryo is developed. The septulaeare numerous, placed in linear rows, arranged to correspond to theareolae. The avicularia are frontal or interzocecial ; the latter haveno pivot. Genus MENISCOPORA Gregory, 1893.1893. Mcuiscopora Gregory. British Palaeogene Bryozoa, TransactionsZoological Society of London, p. 250.The zooecia are trimorphic. The normal axial zooecia have anexternal aperture straighter than that of the marginal zoof-cia; theaperture is formed of a semilunar anterior and of a very concaveposterior part. The gonoecia are larger than the ordinary zooeciaand their aperture is of different form. The peristomie is of slightdepth. Interzooecial avicularia are rare. Certain lateral areolaeare transformed into small frontal avicularia.Genotype.?Meniscopora higihhera Gregor}^, 1892.Range.?Thanetian-Helvetian.Meniscopora {Lepralia) suhplana Ulrich, 1901, from the LowerEocene (Aquia) of Maryland and one new species from the Vicks-bui-gian of Mississippi represent this genus in the United States.
^ North Italian Bryozoa, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 47, 1891,p. 5, pi. 1, ligs. 1-8.2 Marine Fauna Zanzibar, Proceedings Zoological Society London, 1913, p. 483,
EARLY TEETIAEY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 65f Genus BRACEBRIDGIA MacGillivray, 1886.1886. Bracebridgio IMacGillivray, Description of new or little knownPolyzoa, Transactions Royal Society Victoria, p. 8.MacGillivray's original description is as follows
:
Zoarium bilaminate, erect. Apertura subcirciilar, straighter below,with an internal denticle; peristome thickened, smooth, or with asmall apiciilate miicro ; frequently in the fossils, but rarely in recentsi^ecimens, a triangular avicularium immediately below the lowerlip ; lateral avicularia on the free edges of the zoarium.The gonoecia are larger than the usual zooecia. The frontal is par-tially or totally covered by a pleuroc^'^st which is more or less con-fluent with the subjacent olocyst.Genotype.?Bracehriclgia (Porella) emendata Waters. 1881.Range.?Jacksonian-Eecent.One new species from the INIiddle Jacksonian of Georgia and anew variety of Bracehridgia polymorpha Reuss, 1864 occur in theLower Tertiary of the United States.Genus ADEONA (Lamouroux, 1816) Levinsen, 1909.1909. Adeona Levinsen (Lamouroux. 1S16). Morphological and SystematicStudies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, p. 283.The frontal is perforated by an ascopore opening into the com-pensatrix. The operculum is semilunar. The goncecia are distinctand larger than the ordinary zoacia.Genotype.?Adeona (Cellepora) herkeli Reuss, 1847.Genus ADEONELLA (Busk, 1884) Waters, 1888.1884. AdeoncUa Busk, Report Voyage Chalhuf/er. Zoology, vol. 10. pt. 30,p. 183.Zoarium erect, very variously branched or lobate, attached by acontracted base, or pedicle, often containing radical fibers and affixedusually on a more or less flexible support (Busk). The zocecia with-out such median ascopores; the proximal part of the secondary aper-ture, which appears sooner or later, is transformed by a coalescenceof two calcareous processes into a pore, wliicli leads into the spacebetween the primary and secondary aperture. (Levinsen, Waters.)The peristomie is perforated by a spiramen. The aperture bearsa concave lower lip which is the opening of the compensatrix ; theoperculum is at the bottom of the peristomie and below the spiramen.Genotypes.?Adeonella polymorpha Busk, 1884, and Adeonella(Eschara) polystomeUa Reuss, 1847.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.52091??17 ^5
66 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.ADEONELLA FOLLICULATA, new species.Plate 6. fig. 3.Description.?The zoarinm is bilamellar with two lamellae backto back and separable; the fronds are lobed, very thin and fragile.The zooecia are very long, distinct, separated by a furrow, little con-vex, bordered with numerous parietal areolae (10-12 pairs). Theperistomie is short, somewhat projecting exteriorly and is perforatedby a spiramen; the peristomice is semilunar with a convex lowerlip; the aperture (interior) presents a proximal concave border.The gonoecia are larger (0,30mm.) than the other zooecia; their ex-ternal aperture is greater (la=0.10mm.) and the spiramen is moreremoved from the aperture. There is a very small, simple avicul-arium on the peristomie.
^ , , . fZs=: 0.65-0.75 mm.Measurements.?Lateral zooecia ,_^ ^^_^ ^? ^^^^
, . , . (Z3=0.50mm.Axial zooecia{, ? ^^[7.2=0.20 mm.^ . fZs=0.50mm.Gonoecia, ? ?^[?0=O.3Omm.
_ . ^ . ? . fA/^=0.04mm.Peristomice ot zooecia / ? ^-
^ . . ^ . [A;?=0.04mm.Peristomice ot ?oi^ceciaj^^^Q .j^^^^^^Occw^ence.?WiMlQ Jacksonian (Castle Hayne beds) : Wilming-ton, North Carolina (common).Type.?C2it. No. 62G08, U.S.N.M.Genus ADEONELLOPSIS MacGillivray, 1886.1886. Adeoncllopis MacGilli\ray, Description of New Polyzoa. pt. 9,Transactions Royal Society Victoria, p. 7.The zooecia provided in the central line with one or severalascopores. (Levinsen.)The ascopores are grouped at the base of a cribriform area. Inter-zooecial avicularia and gonoecia are present.Genotype.?Adeonellopsis foliacea MacGillivray, 1886.Range.?Wilcoxian-Eecent.Seven new species ranging from the Wilcoxian to the Vicksburgianhave been determined in the Eocene of the United States.PHYLACTELLIDAE, new family.The ovicell is recumbent ; its orifice is very large and closed by aspecial operculum. " The larvae are large and are more fully devel-oped within the ovicell than is usual ; the corona and cilia are verydistinct."
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 67In 1900 Waters ^ discovered the larva of Phylactella. It is quitedistinct from all others in its form and its large dimensions, evidentlycharacterizing a special family.The special ovicell which Waters called recumbent is placed on thedistal part of the zooecium itself, between the apertura and the distalzocecium. Viewed laterally it appears attached like a sack on theback of a porter. Evidently it is also more or less supported on thedistal zocecium, but frequenty it is completely separated from it.In its form, position, and large opening it is eminently adapted tothe size of the larvae.Genus PHYLACTELLA Hincks, 1880.1880. Phylactella Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 356.The apertura is more or less circular; it bears either a lyrule orsome cardelles. The thick band of the operculum is at a small dis-tance from the edge. The apertura is surrounded by a peristomiemore or less funnel shaped. The peristome is interrupted distally andreplaced by a small tongue. The frontal is a tremocyst with veryfine pores. No spines.Genotype.?Phylactella lalrosa Busk, 1852.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.In addition to the one here described three new species have beendetermined in the Early Tertiary rocks of the Carolinas and Ala-bama. PHYLACTELLA INFUNDIBULUM, new species.Plate 6, fig. 2.Description.?The zoarium incrusts other bryozoa. The zooeciaare large, distinct, elongated, oval ; the frontal is quite convex ; it isformed of a tremocyst with very small pores separated from eachother by fine granules. The apertura is formed of a large semicir-cular anter, separated by two small cardelles from a very concave pos-ter ; the peristome is long, tubular, depressed in front, and interruptedbehind by a wide distal tongue ; the peristomie forms a sort of funnelaround the apertura.. The ovicell is large, salient, globular, finelyporous and granular; it is hyperstomial, recumbent, and opens intothe peristomie.
. k 1. \ A?=0.16 mm.MeasureTnents.?Apertura , r> i r> a i t^ [ Za=0.16-0.17 mm.Z2=1.25 mm.Zoceciai , ? ??^^=0. <2 mm.This superb species is, unfortunately, quite rare.
' 1900. Waters, Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land. Journal Linnean Society Zoology,London, vol. 28, p. 90, pi. 12 figs. 8, 4.
68 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.OoGurrence.?Middle Jacksoniiin (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (rare).Type.?Cat No. 62607, U.S.N.M.PERIGASTRELLA, new genus.(Peri, around; gasfer, stomach.)The apertura is semicircular. The thick band of the operculumis on the border. The frontal is surrounded by one or two rows ofsmall areolae; it is formed of an olocyst supporting a smooth or finelygranular pleurocyst. Spines.Genotype.?PerigastreJla (Lepralia) lahiata Bceck, 1861.Range.?Lutecian?Recent.This genus is abundantly represented in the Claibornian, eTack-sonian. and Vicksburgian of the Southern States, Perigastrella{Cellepora) cycloris Gabb and Horn, 1862, and 13 new species beingknown. PERIGASTRELLA OVOIDEA, new species.Plate 6, fig. 8.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zocecia are dis-tinct, elongated, large, ovoid; the frontal is very convex, borderedby three small areolar pores, and formed of a very finely granularpleurocyst, almost smooth. The apertura, almost invisible exteriorly,is trapezoidal and oblique ; the peristomie is deep : the peristome isvery oblique and bears 6-8 spines; it is sometimes interrupted infront, but more often it bears a salient mucro, oblique or erect,hiding more or less the apertura ; there is small lyrule in the aper-tura. The ovicell is small, salient, globular, almost entirely de-tached from the distal zocecium: it is hyperstomial and recumbent;its frontal is finely granular, like the zooecia. The ancestrula isvery small, but identical in form with the other zooecia.1^,7=0.05 mm.Measurements.?Apertura \ja=O.QQ-0.\0 mm.
f 7:^=0.75-0.80 mm.Zooecia |^,^0 50 ?,m.Afinities.?^This beautiful species is quite recognizable by its verylarge zotrcial convexity. Tt differs from Perk/a.^freNa seimerectaKoschiusky, 1885, in the presence of spines and in its somewhatlarger dimensions.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian: Eutaw Springs, South Caro-lina (common).Upper Jacksonian: Railroad wharf at Bainbridge, Georgia(common).Type.?Cat. No. 62613, U.S.N.M.
EARLY TERTIABY CHEILOSTOME BEYOZOA. 69Genus HEMICYCLOPORA Norman, 1909.1909. Hemicyclopora Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands.Journal Linnean .Society, London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 308.The ovicell is recumbent. The apertiira is provided with very lowcardelles and formed of a large anter and of a small concave poster.The frontal is smooth and formed of an olocyst. Spines.Genotype.?Hemicyclopora (Lepralia) polita Hincks, 1880.Range.?Helvetian-Recent.HEMICYCLOPORA PARAJUNCTA, new species.Plate 6, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are dis-tinct, somewhat elongated, ogival; the frontal is somewhat convexand absolutely smooth. The apertura is oblique, suborbicular ; theperistome bears 8 distal spines and a proximal small mucronoid lip.The ovicell is globular, very salient, smooth, very little joined tothe distal zocecium ; it is recumbent, hyperstomial.f7i?:z=0.10mm.MeasureTnents.?Apertura 1 7^?0 99 mmf7.2=0.50-0.55 mm.Zooecia |/5= 0.40-0.55 mm.Affinities.?This species offers the exterior aspect of a Perigas-trella with very small areolae, which generally appear smooth.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian : Near Lenuds Ferry, South Caro-lina (common).Type.?C^t. No. B2610, U.S.N.M.Genus MASTIGOPHORA Hincks, 1880.1880. Mastigophora Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 278.The ovicell is small and recumbent. The apertura is semilunar;its proximal border is straight and bears a rimule elongated androunded. The frontal is a tremocyst with small pores placed on anolocyst. Vibracula.Genotypes.?Mastigophora hyndmanni Johnson, 1847, and Masti-gophora {Flustra) dutertrei Savigny-Audouin, 1826.Range.?Lutecian-Recent.Both of the genotypes of this well-marked genus occur in theJacksonian and Vicksburgian strata of the Southern States.SCHIZOBATHYSELLA, new genus.{jSchizos, slit, and bathys, deep, referring to the position of theapertura.)
70 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The apertiira presents on its straight proximal border a smalllinear rimiile. The ovicell is recumbent and opens widely above theapertiira. The frontal is a tremocyst. The peristomie is greatlyexpanded and is interrupted in front by an immense incompletespiramen. The avicularium is vibraculoid.Genotype.?Schizohathysella saccifera^ new species. Jacksonian.This genus differs from MastlgoyKora only in the nature of theperistome, which is much more salient and interrupted in front bya pseudospiramen.It differs from Gigantopora Ridley, provided also Avith a spiramen,in the different form of the operculum and in its smooth frontal.SCHIZOBATHYSELLA SACCIFERA, new species.Plate 6, fig. 7.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zocecia are dis-tinct, elongated, irregularly elliptical; the frontal is convex andformed of a tremocyst with small pores. The apertura is semilunar
;
it bears on its straight proximal border a small linear rimule; theperistome is much developed into two large lateral lips circimiscrib-ing a sort of incomplete and very large spiramen. The ovicell ishyperstomial and recumbent: it forms a sort of small, puncturedsack placed on the bottom of the zooecium. A small vibraculoidavicularium is developed laterally near the apertura.
^^ . ,7i(7=0.08 mm.Measurements.?Apertura /' ,-, ^ ^^ /a=0.10 mm.
. Zs=0.60-0.70 mm.Zocecia ^^^o.30-0.40 mm.Variations.?The peristome is quite variable. The tremopores areoften obliterated by fossilization. The ovicell is truly recumbent orpartially supported on the distal zooecium. To accommodate so greata peristomial complexity it is probable that the tentacles were verylong and fine.Occurrence.?Middle Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wil-mington, North Carolina (rare).Type.?Cat. No. 62611, U-S.N.M.Genus LAGENIPORA Hincks, 1877.1877. Lagenipora Hincks. British Polyzoa, Annals Magazine Natural His-tory (4), vol. 20, p. 215.Colonies consisting of a number of cells immersed in a common cal-careous crust. Zocecia recumbent, contiguous, lageniform; oral ex-tremity free, tubular, with a terminal orbicular orifice. (Hincks.)Genotype.?Lagenipora socialis Hincks, 1880.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.
EAELY TERTIAKY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 71Family CELLEPORIDAE Busk, 1852.The ovicell is recumbent. The budding is double; terminal andsuperficial. The zooecia are more or less erect and cumulate.Genus SCHISMOPORA MacGillivray, 1888.1888. 8chismopora MacGillivray, Bryozoa in McCoy's Prodromus of theZoology of Victoria, vol. 2, dec. 17, p. 253.The ovicell is perforated. The frontal is smooth. The aperturabears a proximal rimule. No spines.Genotypes.?Schismopora {Cellepom) coronopus S. Wood, 1850,and Schismopora {CelUpora) purmcosa Busk, 1854.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.Three new species of Schismopora occur in the Jacksonian of theSouthern States. Genus OSTHIMOSIA JuUien, 1888.1888. Osthimosia Jullien, Mission scientiflque du Cap Horn, No. 6,Zoologie, p. 64.The ovicell is not perforated. The frontal is surrounded by areolae.The apertura bears a proximal rimule. There are no spines.Selected genotype.?Osthimosia {Cellepora) eationensis Busk, 1884.Range.?Jacksonian-Recent.Jullien's genotype was Osthimosia evexa Jullien, 1888.Osthimosia {Reptocelleporina) glomerata Gabb and Horn, 1862,from the Jacksonian and Vicksburgian, is the only American repre-sentative of this genus known.Genus COSTAZZIA Neviani, 1895.1895. Costazzia Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d'ltalia, BoUe-tino Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 2, vol. 4, p. 235(sep. 11).The ovicell at the side of the peristome has a flat area and poresaround the border. (Waters.)I zoeci, acervulati, hanno la frontal molto rigonfia, variamenteperforata ed ornata da leggere costule ; I'apertura zoeciale subtrigonacon labbro calloso; grandi aviculari scafoidi sono sparsi fra i zoeci.(Neviani.)Genotype.?Costazzia {Cellepora) costazzi Savigny-Audouin, 1828.Range,?Vicksburgian-Recent.
72 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus HOLOPORELLA Waters, 1909.3909. Holoporella Waters, Reports on the Marine Biology of the SudaneseRed Sea, etc., pt. 12. The Bryozoa. Journal Linnean Society, Tion<lon,vol. 31, p. 159.The lower lip of the aperture is more or less straight; the oper-culum has the muscles attached near the border, sometimes with aridge (for the attachment of the tentacular sheath) running inwards.The ovicell is a widely open cap. There are usually oral andvicarious (interzooecial) avicularia, and the mandible of one of thetwo usually has a small pi'ojoction from the base or columella.(Waters, 1909.) Spines.Genotype.?Holoporella {Cellepora) descostilsi Savigny-Audouiu,182S.Range.?Claibornian-Eecent.The genus Holoporella is represented in the Claibornian, Jack-sonian, and Vicksburgian of the Southern States by 12 new species.ACANTHIONELLA, new genus.{Akayithos, spine.)The apertura is oval and bears a long lyrule. The frontal is avery thick olocyst, in which are lodged some avicularia. The ovicellis hyperstomial. It is lodged in the thickening of the frontal of thedistal zocecia. It opens into the peristomie.Genotype.?Acanthionella {Escharifora) typica Gabb and Horn,1862.Range.?Maastrichtian-Claibornian.This genus differs from Kleidionella in the presence of a lyruleand the rarity of cumulate zocecia.KLEIDIONELLA, new genus.{Kleidion, small key, referring to the form of the apertura.)The apertura is oval. The frontal is a very thick olocyst. Theovicell is hyperstomial and lodged in the olocyst of the distal zooecia.It opens into the peristomie. There are some small and some largeinterzooecial avicularia. No lyrule.Genotype.?Kleidionella grandis^ new species.Range.?Claibornian-Vicksburgian.The abundance of cumulate zooecia and the absence of lyrule dis-tinguishes this genus from the preceding one, Acanthionella.KLEIDIONELLA GRANDIS. new species.Plate 0, tigs. 9, 10.Description.?The zoarium is very large, compressed, formed ofbifurcated fronds almost in the same plane, attaining toward the
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 73base 2 cm. 5 mm. in width. The zooecia are disposed in two groups,back to back and inseparable. The axial zocecia back to back areoriented; all the other zooecia are cumulate. The superficial zooeciaare distinct, urceolate, little raised, very oblique ; the frontal is quiteconvex, smooth, bearing 0-3 improminent avicularia with pivot ; thefrontal is formed of a very thick olocyst. The apertura is oval,deeply imbedded at the base of a peristomie; the peristomice is ir-regular, suborbicular. The deep zooecia haA^e a flat frontal; theiravicularia are prominent between the superficial zooecia. The inter-zoa'cial avicularia are distinct, elliptical, of the size of zooecia;they have a pivot; their orifice is like the beak of a duck; the pas-sage of the reflexor muscles of the operculum is indicated by the verysmall perforations on the inferior cavity ; the beak is salient above thezoarium. The incomplete zooecia are quite numerous. On manyzoaria there are some distinct groups of large zooecia and of smallzooecia. (ha=0.1i) mm.Measure7nents.?Apertura (interior) j ^^^ _q -j^^j ^^^^^^fZs=0.60mm.Zocecia j^^ =0.30-0.35 mm.Variations.?Following the rule, the variations of these Celleporesare quite great, but the species is always rather easy to determine byits zoarial size.Occurrence.?Lower Jacksonian: Jackson, Mississij^pi (common).Middle Jacksonian: "Wilmington, North Carolina (common); 3^miles south of Perry, Georgia (common).Upper Jacksonian: Cocoa post office, Choctaw County, Alabama(very common).Vicksburgian : 7| miles from Bladen vSprings, Alabama (rare);Bed Bluff, Wayne County, Mississippi (rare).Type.?Q2it. No. 62613,' U.S.N.M.Family CONESCHARELLINIDAE Levinsen, 1909.The zocecia are erect; the apertura is terminal. The gemmationis always and uniquely lateral. The ovicell is hyperstomial andrecumbent. There is a zooecial and a zoarial hydrostatic system.This is a very mysterious group A^Iiich has given the zoologistsmuch trouble. Only Maplestone in 1910 ^ has given some detailson the zoarial life.Almost all our specimens belong to a new American genusSchizorthosecos.
' 1910. Maplestone. On the Growth and Habits of Biporae, Proceedings Royal SocietyVictoria, vol. 23.
74 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus FEDORA Jullien, 1882.1882. Fedora Jullien, Dragages du Traraillcur, Bulletin Society ZoologiqueFrance, vol. 7, p. 17.According to Jullien this genus has the following characters:Zooecia subhexagonal with circular orifice, thick but not salient,notched on its posterior fourth Avhere it is thin; finally placed alittle above the center of the zooecium, of w^hich it occupies about athird of the diameter ; the ovicell nonsalient, indicated exteriorly bya smooth stripe forming an obtuse angle, of which the summit isturned toAvard the orifice. Avicularia not constant, situated on thesides and outside of the orifice.Genotype.?Fedora edwardsl Jullien, 1882.Range.?Lutecian-Recent. One American species.Genus STICHOPORINA Stoliczka, 1862.1862. Stichoporina Stoliczka, Olisociine Bvyozoeu von Latdorf in Bern-burg. Sitzungsbericlite dcr k. Akademie der Wissenscliaften, Wien,vol. 45, Abth. 1, pp. 71-74, pis. 1-3.The zoarium is cupuliform. The apertura is orbicular or ellipticalwith two cardelles ; the apertura of the ovarian zooecia is larger andtransverse. The avicularia have some vibraculoid mandibles.Genotype.?Stichoporina. simplex Koschincki. 1885.Range.?Lutecian-Recent.The only American species of Stichoporina differs in no appreci-able manner from the well-known S. protecta Koschinski of theLutecian and Priabonian. In North America the species has beenfound only in the Middle Jacksonian of North Carolina.SCHIZORTHOSECOS, new genus.(Schizos, slit; orthos.^ straight; secos, small habitation.)The zoarium is cupuliform. The apertura is oval with a proximalrounded rimule. There are numerous interzooecial zooeciules capableof being transformed into avicularia, into radicular zooeciules, andinto compensation zooeciules.Genotype.?Schizorthosecos (OrhitoUtes) interstitia Lea, 1833.Range.?Claibornian, Jacksonian.This genus is exclusively American; it characterizes the Clai-bornian and the base of the Jacksonian where it is exterminatedunexpectedly.It differs from Conescharellina D'Orbigny and Bipora Whito-legge, 1887, in its distinct zooecia and in the absence of lunoecia. More-over, we have not yet discovered the ovicells on the hundreds ofspecimens w^hich we have at our disposal.
EARLY TERTIARY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 75SCHIZORTHOSECOS INTERSTITIA Lea, 1833.Plate 6, figs. 4, 5.1833. OrbitoUtes interstitia Lea, Contribution to Geologj% Philadelphia, p.191, pi. 6, fig. 204.1862. Lunnlites interstitm Gabb and Horn, Monograph fossil PolyzoaSecondary and Tertiary formations North America, Journal AcademyNatural Science, Philadelphia (2), vol. 5, p. 120.1890. LunuUtes (Cupiilaria) interstitia De Gregoria, Monographie FaunaEocenique de Alabama, Annal. de Geologic et du Paleontologie, pts.7, 8, p. 249, pi. 42, figs. 1&-22.Descr/pti'on.?The zoarium is ciipiiliform, little deep. The zoceciaare distinct, tubular, erect, terminated by a narrowed peristomie.The apertura is placed at the base of the peristomie ; in its rimule, itoften has a flat lyrule; the peristomice is of the same form as theapertura. Between the peristomes, on the external surface, thereare numerous zooeciules which are transformed according to theirposition into radicular zooeciules, into avicularia with pivot, or intocompensation zooeciules. On the inner face each zooecium is indi-cated by a hexagon perforated with 6 to 10 large tremopores, wdiichare the orifices of long tubules; some large avicularia with pivotsurround the ancestrula.Occurrence.?Claibornian: Claiborne, Alabama (very common),and many other localities.Lower Jacksonian: Jackson, Mississippi (very common).Type.?C^t. No. 62609, U.S.N.M.Genus ORBITULIPORA Stoliczka, 1862.1862. OrbituUpora Stoliczka, Oligocane Bryozoen von Latdorf in Bernburg,Sitzimgsberichte der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 4.5,Abth.. p. 90.The apertura is orbicular. The frontal is a tremocyst. The zoa-rium is orbicular and formed of two lamellae with zocecia back toback.Genotype?OrhituUpora {Cellepora) petiolus Lonsdale, 1850.Range.?Auversian-Tortonian.Genus BATOPORA Reuss, 1847.1847. Batopora Reuss. Die fossilien Polypnrien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens,Haidinger's naturwissenschaftliche, Abth. vol. 2, Wien, p. 78.The apertura is orbicular. The frontal is a granular olocyst.The zoarium is conical, never hollow. The ancestrular zooecium isornamented with radicular pores.Genotype.?Batopora rosula Reuss, 1847.Range.?Lutecian-Tortonian.
76 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus DIPLOTAXIS Reuss, 1867.1867. Diplotaxis Reuss, Ueber einige Bryozoen aus dein deutschen Unter-oligocan, Sitzungsberichte der k. Acad, der Wissenschafteii, Wien,Abth. 1 p. 16.The zoarium is discoidal and formed of two lamellae back to back.The zoa'cia of the external face are oriented toward the zoarial mar-gins; the zooecia of the inner face are oriented toward the center.The apertiira has a distal rimule.Genotype.?Diplotaxis placentula Reuss, 1867. Latdorfian.Genus CONESCHARELLINA D'Orbigny, 1851.1851. ConeschareUina D'Okbigny, Paleontologle francaise. Terrain Cre-tace, vol. 5, p. 446.The zoarium with lunoecia. The zoaria which have the form of alow cone or un arched disk only show a single hijQr of zocecia,Avliile their inner cavity is occupied by numerous avicularia placedin horizontal layers. Ovicells may occur. (After Levinsen, 1909.)The apertura has a distal rimule.Genotype.?Conesdiarellma cancellafM Busk, 1852.Range.?Miocene-Uecent
.
The lunoecia are the openings of special compensation zoceciules.Genus BIPORA Whitelegge, 1887.1887. Biporn Whitelegge, Notes on some Australian Polyzoa. Proceed-ings Linnean Society, New South Wales (2), vol. 2, p. 337.The zoarium with lunoecia. The zoaria are plate-like or fan-shaped with two layers of zocecia ; ovicells are not found. (x\fterLevinsen, 1909.) The apertura has a proximal rimule.Genotype.?Bipora u7nbonata Haswell, 1880. Recent.Genus FLABELLIPORA D'Orbigny, 1851.1851. Flabellipo7'a D'Orbigny, Paleontologie frangaise. Terrain Crfitace,vol. 5, p. 432.The zoaria, which have no lunoecia, are plate-like, two-layered ; noovicells. (After Levinsen, 1909.) The apertura has a proximalrimule.Genotype.?Flahellipora elegans D'Orbigny, 1851. Recent.Genus MAMILLOPORA Smitt, 1872.1872. Mamillopora Smitt, Floridian Bryozoa, pt. 1, Kongl. Svenska Vetens-kaps Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 33.The zoaria, which have no lunoecia, are plate-like, two-layered; nosubmedian cardelles. There are some avicularia between the zooecia.The ovicelled zooecia are much larger; their apertura is not trans-verse.Genotype.?Mamillopora cupula Smitt, 1872. Recent. (Florida.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.Plate 1.Memhraniporina hertjamini, new species (page 11).Fig. 1. Surface of tlie incrusting zoaiium X 20, showing the elliptical zooeciaand the incomplete small canal.Upper Jacksonian, Rich Hill, Crawford County, Georgia.Cat. No. 62569, U. S. N. M.Adenifcra inarmata, new species (page 12).2. The usual aspect of the zooecia, X 20.Middle Jacksonian near Lenuds Ferry, South Carolina.Cat. No. 62570, U. S. N. M.Otionella perforata, new species (page 13).3. Poi-tion of the upper surface of an incomplete discoidal zoarium, X 20.4. The inner side of a fragment, X 20.Claiborniau, Claiborne, Alabama.Cat. No. 62571, U. S. N. M.TihraccUhia capillaria, new si^ecies (page 14).5. The type-specimen, X 20,Claiborniau, Moseley's Ferry, Caldwell County, Texas.Cat. No. 62572, U. S. N. M.Hincksina jacksoiiira. new species (page 15).6. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20; with interzooecial avicularialittle developed.Middle Jacksonian. Rich Hill, Crawford County, Georgia.Cat. No. 62573, U. S. N. M.ninclcftina uicfjaikiihiria, new species (page 16).7. Portion of a zoarium, X 20, illustrating especially the coalescing ofopposite spines and the occurrence of large avicularia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62574, U. S. N. M.I'LATE 2.Offiralina eximipora, new species (page 17).Fig. 1, Portion of a zoarim, X 20, showing several ovicelled zooecia.Middle Jacksonian, Rich Hill, Crawford County, Georgia.Cat. No. 62575, U. S. N. M.Memhrendoccium pyriforme, new species (page 17).2. Surface of a specimen. X 20, exhibiting the characteristic pyriformopesium.Lower Jacksonian, Jackson. Mississippi.Cat. No. 62576, U. S. N. M.Periporosella taut ilia, new species (page 19).3. Exterior of a zoarium, with ovicells, X 20.4. An example with the surface abraded to show the dietellae, X 20.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62577, U. S. N. M. 77
78 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Mevibraniporidra porrccta, new species (page 21).Fig. 5. Portion of a zoarium with ovicelled zooecia, X 20.Middle Jaclisonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62578, U. S. N. M.Grammella transversa, new species (page 20).6. View of zoarial surface, X 20. illustrating the zocecial characters andthe transverse aviciilaria.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62579, U. S. N. M.Ellisina laxa, new species (page 19).7. Photograph of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, showing the thin muralrim, the avicularium, and the dietellae.Middle Jacksonian. Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62580, U. S. N. M.Plate 3.StamcnoccUa mediaiicuUfcra, new species (page 22).Fig. 1. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, exhibiting the elongate zooecia,broken ovieells, and median avicularia.Middle Jacksonian, 3i miles southwest of Perry, Georgia.Cat. No. 62581, U. S. N. M.Diplopholeos fusiforme, new species (page 20).2. Photograph of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. showing the dimorphicopesia, the symmetrical lateral indentations, and the straight ony-chocellaria.Upper Jacksonian, 4 miles below Bainbridge, Georgia.Cat. No. 62582, U. S. N. M.FloridincUa riclcshurgica. new species (page 28).3. Two fragments natural size, and the surface, X 20, of this hollowstemmed species.Vicksburgian, 1 mile north of Monroeville, Alabama.Cat. No. 62583, U. S. N. M.DacryoncUa octonaria, new species (page 28).4. Well preserved surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, exhibitingthe improminent polypidian convexity, the large lateral indentations,and the numerous small avicularia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62584, U. S. N. M.AeclDiiella pimargo, new species (page 29).5. View of the incrusting zoarium, X 20, with the characteristic avic-ularia.Upper Jacksonian, west bank of Sepulga River, Escambia County,Alabama.Cat. No. 62585, U. S. N. M.Mrtracolposa rohusta, new species (page 35).6. Portion of surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, with ovicelledzooecia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 02586, U. S. N. M.
EARLY TEETIARY CHEILOSTOME BKYOZOA. 79Plate 4.Acantliocella erinacca, new species (page 36).Fig. 1. Usual aspect of the zocecia, X 20, with an ovicell developed on one.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62587, U. S. N. M.Cribrcndoccium tenuicostulatum, new species (page 36).2. Surface, X 20, showing the very fine costules, transverse ovicells, andlarge interzocecial avicularia.Middle Jaclisonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62.588, U. S. N. M.Gastropella ventricosa, new species (page 38).3. Portion of the free cylindrical zoarium, X 20, displaying the smoothfrontal, lateral areola and the very large ascopore.Midwayan, Mabelvale, near Little Rock, Arkansas.Cat. No. 62589, U. S. N. M.MetroperieJla hiplanata, new species (page 41).4. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20. The median aviculariumis usually broken.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62590, U. S. N. M.Hippo:^cugoseUa tegcs, new species (page 42).5. A fragmentary zoarium, X 20.Upper Jacksonian, Chipola River, east of Marianna, Florida.Cat. No. 62591, U. S. N. M.Didymosella crassa, new species (page 43).6. Celluliferous surface of the unilamellar zoarium, X 20, with the twolarge conspicuous pores to each zocecium.Vicksburgian, Avest bank of Conecuh River, Escambia County, Alabama.Cat. No. 62592, U. S. N. M.StomacJiciosclla crassicoHis, new species (page 45).7. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, showing ovicelled zocecia.Vicksburgian, west bank of Conecuh River, Escambia County, Alabama.Cat. No. 62593, U- S. N. M.Enoplostomella dcfixa, new species (page 46).8. Portion of the cylindrical zoarium, X 20.Vicksburgian, 1 mile north of Monroeville, Alabama.Cat. No. 62594, U. S. N. M.
^chizcmicUa claihornica, new species (page 47).9. View of surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, illustrating theindistinct zocecia and apertura with wide rimule.Clairbornian, Claix'borne, Alabama.Cat. No. 62595, U. S. N. M.MctradoUum clissimilis, new species (page 48).10. Part of the bilamellar zoarium. X 20, with both ovicelled and nono-vicelled zocecia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62596, U. S. N. M.
80 BULLETIN 96, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Plate 5.LeioscUa rostrifera, new species (page 48).Fig. 1. Portion of the narrow bilamellar zoariuni, X 20, sliowing the smoothfrontal of the zooecia.Viclisburgian, 1 mile noi'th of Monroeville, Ah^bama.Cat. No. 62597, U. S. N. M.MetrocryiJta hucctilcnta, new species (page 49).2. A branched fragment, X 20.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62598, U. S. N. M.Ochetosclla jacksonica, new species (iiage 50).3. View of well-preserved cylindrical zoarium, X 20.Middle Jacksonian. Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62599, U. S. N. M.rUKjiomiitUa rcgularis, new species (page 51).4. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20. All of the zooecia are ovicelled.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62600, U. S. N. M.Catenicclla suhseptentiionalis, new species (i>age 63).5. The only fragment discovered, X 20.Vicksburgian, Salt Mountain, 5 miles south of Jackson, Alabama.Cat. No. 62601, U. S. N. M.d/sitiscUa mUliraiianica, new species (page 53).6. View of the incrusting zoarium, X 20.Midwayan, Luverne, Crenshaw County, Alabama.Cat. No. 62602, U. S. N. M.Schizoropsis cmivrxa, new species (page 57).7. Both ovicelled and nonovicelled zooecia of the incrusting zoarium, X 20,exhibiting the large spiramen.Lower Jacksonian, Jackson, Mississippi.Cat. No. 62603, U. S. N. M.Hippopodina vibraculifera , new species (page 61).S. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, with two ovicelled zooecia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62604, U. S. N. M.Tuhiirclla monilifcra, new species (page 63).9. View of the bilamellar zoarium, X 20, with one zooecium closed.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 02605, U. S. N. M.Plate 6.Trcmotoichos rcciifurcatum, new species (page 59).Fig. 1. Frontal side of a well-preserved fragment, X 20.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62606, U. S. N. M.Phylactrlla infinulihiihnti. new species (page 67).2. Several zooecia, X 20, including an ovicelled one.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington. North Carolina.Cat. No. 62607, U. S. N. M.
EAELY TEETIARY CHEILOSTOME BKYOZOA. 81Adeonella folHculata, new species (page 66).Fig. 3. Fragment of the bilamellar zoai-ium, natural size, and the surface, X 20.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62608, U. S. N. M.Schizorthosecos interstitia Lea, 1833 (page 75).4. A zoarium, X 6.5. Upper surface of a zoarium, X 20.Claibornian, Claiborne, Alabama.Cat. No. 62609, U. S. N. M.Hemicyclopora parajuncta, new species (page 69).6. Portion of the inci'usting zoarium, X 20.Middle Jacksonian, near Lenuds Ferry, South Carolina.Cat. No. 62610, U. S. N. M.SchizobathyseUa saccifera, new species (page 70).7. The incrusting zoarium, X 20, exhibiting both ovicelled and nonovicelledzocecia.Middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.Cat. No. 62611, U. S. N. M.Perigastrella o voided, new species (page 68).8. View of the incrusting zoarium with quite convex zocecia, X 20.Upper Jacksonian, Bainbridge, Georgia.Cat. No. 62613, U. S. N. M.EleidioncUa grandis, new species (page 72).9. Portion of a small zoarium, natural size.10. Surface of a zoarium, X 20.Upper Jacksonian, Cocoa Post Office, Choctow County, Alabama.Cat. No. 62613, U. S. N. M.52091??17 6

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 96 PL. 1
k ?>
?
V fir H
*.??>%>
''w--^.-.-^* \>
, ? ? ? ? < ? ? ?
;
;.? ?(? ?(?
6 7American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see page 77.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 96 PL. 2
"I'll1 1 i i Ii ill f til
American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see pages 77, 78.

BULLETIN 96 PL. 3
American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see page 78.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 96 PL. 4
American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see page 79.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 96 PL. 5
American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see page 80.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
American Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa.For explanation of plate see pages 80, 81
.

INDEX.
(Synonyms are given in italic]Page.Acanthionella "2(Escharifora) typica 72Acanthocelia 34, 35erinacea 36, 79Acropora 37Acroporidae 37Adenifera 10, 12inarmata 12, 77Adeona 65(Cellepora) heckeli 65Adeonella 65folliculata 66, 81polymorpha 65(Eschara) polystomella 65Adeonellopsis 66foliacea 66Adeonidae 64Aechmella 27,29filimargo 29, 78Aetea 22anguina 22truncata 22Aeteidae 9, 22Aimulosia ?14Alderina 10,21Amphiblestrum 10, 21A mphiblestTum papillatum 17Anarthropora 44Anasca 9anguina, Aetea 22Arachnopusia 34armata, Membranipora 12Arthropoma 39Ascophora 34aspera, Bathosella (Mucronella) 43Aspidostomidae 30auriculata, Schlzomavella (Lepralia) 40australiensis, Haswellia (Myriozoum) 58Bathosella 43(Mucronella) aspera 43Batopora 75rosula 75Beisselina 37benjamini, Membraniporina 11biaperta, Stephanosella (Lepralia) 40bigibbera, Meniscopora 64biplanata, Metroperiella 41Bipora 76umbonata 76bispinosa, Rhynchozoon ( Lepralia) 56bouei, Trochopora (Lunulites) 13Bracebridgia 65(Porella) emendata 65polymorpha 65
brendolensis, Rhamphostomella 52Brettia 24bucculenta, Metrocrypta 49Buffonella 39Bugulopsis 23Caberea 23Caberiella 23Callopora 10, 21cancellata, Conescharellina 76Canda 23capOlaria, Vibracellina 14capulus, Lunulites 30Catenicella subseptentrionalis 03, SOCatenicellidae 03Cellaria 33flstulosa 33Cellariidae 32Celleporidae 71cellulosa, Retepora 55centralis, Macropora 34ccreoides, Tubucellaria (Cellaria) 62cervicornis, Porella (Millepora) 54Characodoma 39Cheilopora CO(Lepralia) sincera 60Cheilostomata 9Chorizopora 38claibomica,Schizemiella 47Coilostega 25Columnaria 24columnaris, Phoceana 54Conescharellina 76cancellata 70Conescharellinidae 73conica, Trochopora 13Conopeum 10contigua, Lunularia 30convexa, Schizaropsis 57Corbulipora 34coronopus, Schismopora (Cellepora) 71Coseiaopleura 33(Eschara) elegans 33Coscinopleuridae 32, 33costata , Rhamphostomella 52Costazzia 71(Cellepora) costazzi 71costazzi, Costazzia (Cellepora) 71Costulae, The 34crassa, Didymosella 43crassimarginata, Membranipora 20Cribrendoecium 34, 36tenuicostulatum 36, 79Cribrilina 34Cribrilina tubulifera 3583
84 INDEX.
Cribrilinidae 34cucullata, Watersipora ( Lepralia) 62cupula, Mamillopora 76Cyclicopora 44Cystisella 53midwayanica 53, 80( Porella) saccata 53Dacryonella 27, 28octonaria 28, 78Dacryopora 38Dakarla 39defixa, Enoplostomella 46descostilsi, Holoporella (Cellopora) 72Didymosella 43crassa 43, 79(Porina) larvalis 43digitata, Eschara 33Diplopholeos 25, 26(usiforme 26, 78Diplotaxis 76placentula 76dissimilis, Metradolium 47distans, Limularia 30Distansescharelia 34dutertrei, Mastigophora (Flustra) 69eat ionensis, Osthimosia (Cellopora) 71edwardsi, Fedora 74Electra 9Electrinidae 9elegans, Coscinopleura (Eschara) 33Flabellipora 76Quadricellaria 34elliptica, Scrupocellaria 23Ellisina 10, 19laxa 19, 78Emballotheca 39emendata, Bracebridgia (Porella) 65Enoplostomella 46defixa 46, 79erinacea, Acanthocella 36Eschara digitata 33Escharellidae 38Escharipora 33Eucratea 24Eucratiidae 9, 24eurita, Euritiiia (Eschara) 31Euritina 31(Eschara) eurita 31evexa, Osthimosia 71eximipora, Ogivalina 16, 17Exochella 43Farciminaria 24Farciminariidae 9, 23Fedora 74edwardsi 74feegensis, Hippopodina (Lepralia) 61fenestrata, Limularia 30fllimargo, Aechraella 29fissa, Schizotheca (Lepralia) 56flstulosa, Cellaria 33Flabellipora 76elegans 76Floridina 25Floridiuella 27, 28vieksburgica 28, 78
Page.flustroides, Membranipora 15foliacea, Adeonellopsis 66folliculata, Adeonella 66fragilis, Vincularia 24fusiforme, Diplopholeos 26Galeopsidae 56Galeopsis 57rabidus 57Gargantua 27Gastropella 37ventricosa 37, 38, 79Gemellaria 24loricata 25Gemellipora 39Gephyrophora 58polymorphs 58GephjTotes 34Gigantopora 58lynchoides 5Sglomerata, Osthimosia (Reptocelleporina). .
.
71gracile, Tessaradoma (Pustulopora) 59gracilis, Scrupocellaria 23Grammella 10,20transversa 20, 78grandis, Kleidionella 72hagenowi, Hippozeugosella (Bactridiimi) 42Haplopoma 38Haswellia 58(Myriozoum) australicnsis 58heckeli, Adeona (Cellepora) 65Hemicyclopora 69parajuncta 69, 81(Lepralia) polita 69Herpetopora 9Heterocella 24Heterooecium 9hexagonum, Rhagasostoma 31Mans, Membranipora 12Hincksina 10, 15jacksonica 15, 77megavicularia 16, 77Hippadenella 54(Flustra) margaritifera 54Hippellozoon 55(Retepora) novezelandiae 55Hippodiplosella 41Hippomenella 41(Lepralia) mucronelliformis. .
.
42Hippopodiaa 60( Lepralia) feegensis 61vibraculifera 61, 80Hippopodinidae 60Hippoporae 39, 41Hippoporina 41Hippothoa 38Hippothoidae 38Hippozeugosella 41, 42(Bactridium) hagenowi 42teges 42,79Holoporella 72(Cellepora) descostilsi 72Hoplitella 23Houzeauina 44Huxleya 24hyndmanni, Mastigophora 69
INDEX. 85
imperati, Schizellozoon (Retepora) 55inarmata, Adenifera 12infundibulum, Phylactella 67intersiitia, Lunulites 75Lunulites ( Cupularia) 75interstitia, Orbitolites 75interstitia, Schizorthosecos (Orbitolites) 74, 75jacksonica, Hincksina 15Ochetosella 49KJeidionella "2grandis 72, 81Kymella 44(Cyclicopora) polaris 44labrosa, Phylactella 67Lacerna 39lacroixii, Conopeum 11lacroixii, Mcmbranipora 11Lagenipora "0socialis 70Larnacius 10larvalis, Didymosella (Porina) 43laxa, Ellisina 19laxata, Mcmbranipora 19Leiosella 48rostrifera 48, 80lepralioides, Metroperiella (Schizoporella)
?
40levinseni, Velumella (Onychocella) 26loricata, Gemellaria 25Lunularia 30contigua 30distans 30fenestrata 30reversa 30vicksburgensis 30Lunulariidae 25, 30Lunulites capulus 30interstitia 75( Cupularia) interstitia 75Ijmchoides, Gigantopora 58Macropora 33centralis 34magnilabris, Steganoporella (Membranipora)
.
32magnirostris, Tubiporella (Lepralia) 63Malacostega 9mamillaris, Tubucella (Eschara) 62Mamillopora 76cupula 76margaritifera, Hippadenella (Flustra) 54Mastigophora 69( Flustra) dutertrei 69hyndmanni 69mediaviculifera, Stamenocella 22megavicularia, Hincksina 16Membranicellariidae 32Membranipora 9armata 12crassimarginata 20flustroides 15Mans 12lacroixii 11laxata 19Membranipora? 9Membraniporella 34Membraniporidra 10, 21porrecta 21, 78
Membranlporina 10, 11benjamini 11, 77Membrendoecium 10, 17pyriforme 17, 77Menipea 23Meniscopora 64bigibbera 64( Lepralia) subplana 64Metracolposa 34robusta 35, 78Metradolium 47dissimilis 47, 79Metrarabdotos 60,61(Eschara) monillferum 61Metrocrypta 49bucculenta 49, 80Metroperiella 39, 40biplanata 41, 79( Schizoporella) lepralioides 40Micropora 27Microporellae 39, 44Microporidae 25, 27midwayanica, Cystisella 53monilifera, Tubucella 63moniliferum, Metrarabdotos (Eschara) 61Triphyllozoon (Retepora) 56Mucronella 52(Lepralia) peaclii 52mucronelliformis, Hippomenella (Lepralia). . 42Nellia 24Nimba 39novezelandiae, Hippellozoon (Retepora) 55Ochetosella 49jacksonica 49, 80octonaria, Dacryonella 28Odontionella 10, 12(Membranipora) savartii 12Ogivalina 10, 16eximipora 16, 17, 77Onychocella 25Onychocella solida 26Onychocellidae 25Opesiulidae 25Orbitolites interstitia 75Orbitulipora 75(Cellepora) petiolus 75Osthimosia 71(Cellepora) eationensis 71evexa 71( Reptocelleporina) glomerata 71Otionella 10, 13perforata 13, 77oviodea, Perigastrella 68Pachytheca 37papillatum, Amphiblestrum 17parajuncta, Hemicyclopora 69peachi, Mucronella (Lepralia) 52perforata, Otionella 13Perigastrella 68(Lepralia) labiata 68oviodea 68, 81Periporosella 10, 18tantilla 18,19,77Peristomella 43Peristomellae 39, 43
86 INDEX.
Page.petiohis, Orbitulipora (Cellepora) 75Phoceana 54columnaris 54Phonicosia 39Phylactella 67infundibulum 67, 80labrosa 67Phylactellidae 66placentula, Diplotaxis 76Plagiosmittia 51regularis 51, 80polaris, Kymella (Cyclicopora) 44polita, Hemicyclopora (Lepralia) 69polymorpha, Adeonella 65Bracebridgia 65Gephyrophora 58polystomella, Adeonella (Eschara) 65PoreUa 53(Millepora) cervicornis 54Porina proboscidca 58poirecta, Membraniporidra 21prima, Gemellaria 25proboscidea, Porina 58Pseudostega 32Puellina 34pumicosa, Schismopora (Cellepora) 71pyriforme, Membrendoecium 17Pyripora 9Quadricellaria 33, 34elegans 34rabidus, Galeopsis 57Ramphonotus 10, 21rectifiircatiim, Tremotoichos 59Reetonychocella 25regiilaris, Plagiosmittia 51Retepora 55cellulosa 55Reteporidae 55reticulata, Smittina (Lepralia) 51reversa, Lunularia 30Rhabdozoum 23Rhagasostoma 31hexagonum 31Rhamphostomella 52brendolensis 52costata 52Rhynchopora 56Rhynchozoon 56(Lepralia) bispinosa 56robusta, Metracolposa 35Romancheina 43Rosseliana 27rostrifera, Leiosella 48rosula, Batopora 75rozieri, Thalamoporella ( Fiustra) 32saccata, Cystisella (PoreUa) 53sacclfera, Schizobathysella 70savartii, Odontionella (Membranipora) 12Schismopora 71(Cellepora) coronopus 71(Cellepora) pumicosa 71Schizaropsis 57convexa 57, 80Schizellozoon 55(Retepora) imperati 55
Page.Schlzemlella 47claibornica 47, 79Schizobathysella 69saccifera 70, 81Schizomavella 39, 40(Lepralia) auriculata 40Schizopodrella 39, 40(Lepralia) unicornis 40Schizoporellae 39Schizorthosecos , 74( Orbitolites) interstitia 74 , 81Schizotheca 56(Lepralia) fissa 56Scruparia 24Scrupocellaria 23elliptica 23gracilis 23Scrupocellariidae 9, 23Semihaswellia 58simplex, Stichoporina 74sincera, Cheilopora ( Lepralia) 60Smittia 51Smittina 51(Lepralia) reticulata 51Smittinidae 50Smittipora 25socialis, Lagenipora 70lolida, Onychocclla 26Stamenocella 10, 21mediaviculifera 22, 78Steganoporella 31(Membranipora) magnilabris. 32Steganoporellidae 25, 31StephanoseUa 39, 40(Lepralia) biaperta 40Stichoporina 74simplex 74Stomachetosella 45crassicollis 45, 79Stomachetosellidae 44subplana, Meniscopora (Lepralia) 64subseptentrionalis, Catenicella 63tantilla, Periporosella 18, 19TegeUa 10, 21teges, Uippozeugosella 42tenuicostulatum, Cribrendoecium 36Tessaradoma 59(Pustulopora) gracile 59Tetraplaria 39Thalamoporella 32(Fiustra) rozieri 32Thalamoporellidae 25, 32transversa, Grammella 20Tremopora 10Tremotoichos 59rectifurcatum 59, 80Triphyllozoon 56(Retepora) moniliferum 56Trochopora 10, 13(Lunulites) bouei 13conica 13truncata, Aetea 22Trypostega 38Tubiporella 63(Lepralia) magnirostris 63
INDEX. 87Page.Tubucella 62( Eschara) mamillarls 62monilifera 63, 80Tubucellaria g2(Cellaria) cereoides 62Tubucellariidae 62tubulifera, Cribrilina 35typica, Acanthionella (Escharifora) 72umbonata, Bipora 76Umbonula 54(Cellepora) verrucosa 54unicornis, Schizopodrella ( Lepralia) 40
Page.V elumelJa 25 26(Onychocella) levinseni 28ventricosa, Gastropella 37 33verrusosa, Umbonula (Cellepora) 54Vibracellina \q hcapillaria 14 77vibraculifera, Hippopodina 61vicksbiu-genses, Lunularia 30vicksburgica, Floridinella 28VincuJnria fragilis 24Watersipora go 52(Lepralia) cucullata 62o






Tq088 0M:>1 1*^10