THE ALLIES OF SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. By G. P. VAN E SELTINE. IN1'RODUCTION. The l"IJpe8tm group of the genus Selaginella, in so far as it is rep­ resented in North America, has attracted the attention of several botanists, only two of whom, however, have att.empted to analyze the group as a whole. Underwood published, I in 1898, a paper on " Selaginella rope.tm and its allies," in which he called attention to the rich variety of fonlls, described 6 new species, and redescribed S. rupeotm (L.) Spring, the type of the group, together with S. tortip.7a A. Br. Two years later Dr. Georg Hieronymus, of Berlin, published 2 a large number of new species of Selaginella, including 13 from North America previously involved in S. rupeotris. In 1901, the same author gave a synopsis of the whole group,' which, though very carefully prepared, was based unfortunately on a comparatively small number of specimens. With the exception of the redescrip­ tion of S. cinerascens by A. A. Eaton, and a short paper by Doctor Underwood, describing 2 new species from the southeastern United States, there have been no further contributions to the knowledge of S. 'l'Upe8tris and its allies in North America. It is apparent, however, from the div~rsity of the abundant mate­ rial in American herbaria, that there art> involved a number of addi­ tional species. The present series of papers, undertaken at the sug­ gestion of Mr. William R. Maxon, is intended to survey the whole group of Selaginella rupestris, to amplify the older descriptions where it seems necessary, to describe such new species as appear, and to correlate all descriptions with as large an amount of material as practicable. In pursuance of the last-mentioned aim, the author has been greatly aided by the curators of the Gray Herbarium, and of the herbaria of the New York Botanical Garden and the Missouri Botanical Garden, who have generously lent for examination all 'Bull. Torrey Club 25: 125. J898. 2 Hedwlgln 39: 290-820. 1900. t Eng!. &; Praotl, P.ftanzenfam. 1': 621-717. 1901. J59 160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEBBARIUM. the material in their keeping which comcs within the scope of this paper. The present instalment deals with the representatives of this group occurring in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and the territory immediately adjacent to the northeast. MORPHOLOGIIlAL NOTES. In general appearance the plants of this group somewhat resemble small dwarfed forms of the club mosses (Lycopodium spp.). They are more or less cespitose in habit with erect, ascending, or repent, many-branched shoots covered with 6 to 13 rows of small sessile leaves. The shoots or main stems are usually 5 to 25 mm. long (much longer in a few species) ; the primary branches are somewhat shorter than the shoots, but not otherwise different; the secondary branches . generally average half as long as the primary branches; and the ultimate branchlets are merely short spurs, slightly enlarged at the tip and only a few millimeters in length. The branching appears to be dichotomous, but Campbell' states that it is really monopodia!. The rhizophores are leafless, stemlike structures, which arise exog­ enously from the stems and produce many capillary endogenous roots. They arise more munerously from the base of the shoots, but usually occur sparsely throughout theil' whole length. The leaves, which are all alike, are small and sessile, ~nd are usually provided with a suture (groove) in a median line on the dorsal side, cilia on the margins (also often on the edges of the dor­ sal suture), and n seta (awn) at tha apex, although some of these characters are lacking in part of the species. As to length there is some diversity on the same plant, though other leaf characters are fairly constant. Descriptions of 100 I'es throughout this paper refer to those of the primary shoots. The length of leaves is measured on the ventral side, from the point of attachment to the apex of the leaf proper, excluding the seta. It should be noted that cilia and setre are in all cases more or less deciduol1s. The spikes (fruiting branches) are terminal and usually more or less 4-angled. The sporophylls are similar to the ordinary leaves but wider and often provided wit·h short lobes or auricles at the base. The measurements for sporophylls are taken from those in the mid­ dle of the spike. Each sporophyll bears either a megasporangium or a micro­ sporangium. The position of these on tha spike varies somewhat_ On the erect or ascending plants the megasporangia usually occupy the lower rows of sporophyll~, while the microsporangia occup~' the upper and by far the larger number of sporophy lis. In the repent or 1 llos~ antI ft'rns ;'22. 1~05. VAN ESELTINE-SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS ALLIES. 161 prostrate plants the megasporangia often occur only on the ventral side of the spike, while the microsporangia occur on the dorsal side. The megasporangia, normally containing 4 megaspores, are irreg­ ularly spherical, bulging considerably over each megaspore. The megaspores are nearly spherical, but are slightly pyramidal on the commissural face, i. e., the side of contact with the other megaspore,. This face usually hears 3 commissural ridges spreading at approxi­ mately equal angles from each other, beginning at the apex of the commissural side and extending to the base of the flattened portion. The ends of these ridges are sometimes connected by a raised ring. The surface may he either plain, somewhat rugose, tuherculate, or reticulate, wholly or in part. These irregularities on the surface of the megaspores are of considerable value in classification. It often happens that one megaspore of the tetrad develops at the expense of the other three, which are then much dwarfed. The stated size of megaspores in the following descriptions is that of an average nor­ mal megaspore. The microsporangia are reniform, and contain several hundred microspores. These present much the same general appearance as the megaspores, but are exceedingly minute. The writer's heartiest thanks ure due to Miss Kathryn Steinle, of the Western High School, Washington, D. C., for the drawings of leaves, sporophylls, and megaspores. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Megaspores smooth, at least on the outer face. Stems (lnclmllng leaves) up to 1 mm. tblck; leaves without cillo. in the dorsnl ,suture, i>eariDg n cluster of ellla 011 the long adnate bnse ________ 2. S. arenkola. Stems thicker; leaves u~unlly bearinl: 4 to 10 cilia in the dorsal suture, without a cluster of cilia. at the base. Plants 7 to 12 em. high; megaspo.r~ merely rugose on the commissural face. Leaves rather lax, glaucous green; dorsal cilia of leaves ns large ns the marginaL ____ 3. S. hu.'Jt.ifusa. Leaves closely nppressed, dnrker green; dor­ sal ema, when pr9Sent. minute and U8U­ ally confined to the basal portion of the dorsal suture ________________________ 4. S. fUM/armis. Plants g to 6 cm. high; megaspores rugose--tubercu- late OD the commissural face ______________ 6. S. acanthonota. llegnapores alveolate or rugose reticulate or rugo,se..tuber- culate. Setre tOTtU0l:18; plants prostrate or aacendlng; mega­ spores rugose-tuberculate. Plants prostl"Jte. spreading; leaves 8-ranked _____ 6. S. tortipfl{t. Plants ascending, densely cespltOie; leaves 13- ranked __________________________________ 7. S. ShCTtflOOdU. • 162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERRARIU!l. Setle straight; megaspores alveolate or rugose-retic­ ulate. Plants erect; stems up to 1 mm. thick; megaspores rugose-reticulate _________________________ 1. S. ridclellii. Plants ascending; stems thicker; megaspores alveolate ________________________________ 8. S. rupeatrl.a. 1. Selaginella riddellii Van Eseltine, sp. nov. PLATE 15. FIGURE 63. Plants erect or ascending, cespitose, 4 to 8 em. (occasionally 12 em.) high; rhizophores :lew, 1 to 5 em. long (averaging 2 em.), finely and copiously short­ radicose; stems (including leaves) 0.7 to 1.2 mm. thick, rigid, branched at in­ tervals ot 6 to 12 mm.; brunches few (2 to 4), 2.5 to 6 cm. long, with few branchlets, these simple, strictly ascending, up to 5 mm. long; leaves apparently 6-ranked, appressed, Slightly imbricate, pale green when young, ochraceous to dark brown in age, thickish, fiat or slightly concave on the upper surface, I e a d FIG. 63.-Details of SelagineUa riddellii. a, Dorsal view of leaf; tI, ventral view; c, dorsal view of sporol"byll; d. ventral view: e, commissural face of megaspore; f. outer face. From the type specimen. Scale 30. sllghtly convex on the lower, deeply sulcate dorsally In a median line up to the rather blunt apex, linear·deltoiu to linear·lanceolate trom a short obdeltoid base, minutely 4 to S-clliate on the margins; longest leaves L3 mm. long i cllia up to 0.06 mm. long, green, yellowisb, or hyaline; set:e up to 0.6 mm. long, on the younger leaves white, on the older leaves reddish or yellow at the base, scabrous to splnulose-roughened. Spikes nearly quadrangular, up to 2.5 cm. long; sporophylls up to 1.5 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. whle just above the base, slightly elongate-triangular from an auriculate base (auricles rounded·triangular), minutely 12 to 1S-ciliate on the margins; setre and cilia slmilur to those ot the stem leaves. Megasporangia yellowish, 0.6 mm. in diameter; megaspores 0.45 mm. in diam· ('ter, yellowish, rugose-reticulate; microspores deep orange (deep yellow by transmitted Ugbt), up to 0.046 mm. In diameter. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 690149, collected near Prairie View, Waller County, Texas, January 3, 1911, by F. W. Thurow (no. 7) . • VAN ESELTINE-SELAGINELLA RUPESTRrs ALLIES. 163 The following specimens bave been examined: TExAS: Burnett County. Rct'erchon 1632 (N, III Y),l Hud80n M::>oDtain. GUlespie County. Jermf/ 342 (N, M). Newton County, Holmes .£ Fetherolf. January, 1003 (N). Montgomery County, Thurow 8 (N). Prairie View, Waller County, Thurow, October 26, 1915 (N). LInDo, Llndhelmcr 76 (M); Plank (Y). Marble Falls. Plank (Y). Austin, Long, March, 1900 (Y), and February, 1001 (Y). Localities wanting, Drummond 31>2 (Y); m .ddcll16 (Y). DISTBJDl .... TIO:'\: -Central nnd eastern Texas. probably through southern Louisiana. The rugose-reticulate megnspor(lg Ulfferentiate this plont from all otbers of the southeastern United States. while the very slender, erect shoots are In rather marked contrast wIth any of the other Texan and New Mexican species. Selaginella Tltpincola, with which this species might possibly be confuse(S, is a larger plant, with longer setre. thicker stems. nnd megn8pores with a raised ring circumscribing the ends of the commlS~lUrnl ridges. There Is a brief manuscrIpt description ot this species (under Lycopodium) by RhJ<.IeJl In the Gray Herbarium. EXPLANATION OJ' PLUII lri.-Type s;;pcclmen or SelaglfleUtI riddelUl Natural sh:e. 2. SeJaginena arenleola timlerw. Bull . Torrey Club 25: 511. 1898. PLATES 16, 17. FIGUBE 64. Selaginclla arenarla Underw. BUll. Torrey Club 25: 129. 1808, not Baker, 1883. Plants erect, fasciculate. 5 to 10 em. high, somewhat rigid; rhizophores abundant, arising only from the base of the shoots; stems (Including leaves) up to 1 mm. thick, rigid, freely branched at Intervals of 7 to 10 mm.; primnry branches few (3 to :J), 4 to 8 cm. long, with few short brnnchlets, theRe 5 to 10 mm. long, simple, strictly a~cendlng, iucurved; leaves 6-ranked, appressed, sUghtly Imbricate, In tht:! younger stages glaucous green, In age becoming cinere­ ous brown, thIckish, papillose-roughened, flat above, slightly convex beneath, deeply sulcate dorsally ·In n mediaD line up to the apex, linear-deltoid from a long decurrent bD.se, minutely 7 to 14-cntllte on the margin, bearing a clump of clUa on the decurrent base; longest lea\'es 1.2 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide at the bflse; entn 0.03 to 0.06 mm. long; getre up to 0.8 mm. long, 0.03 to 0.06 mm. thick, white with yellowish base. spinulose-serrulate througbout Spikes terminal on the shoots and upper branchC8, quadrangular, 1.5 to 2 CID. long; sporopbylls elongate-triangular from nn auriculate base (aurIcles broadly rounded-trlongular) acute, in the younger stages glaucous green, In age be­ coming pale brown. some,,,,hat cymbiform, about 1.2 mm. long, 0.66 mm. wide at the base, 15 to 25·c11iate on the margin, deltoid. Megnsporangia In the nxlls of the lower sporophylls, 0.6 mm. In diameter; megaspores crustaceaus, punctate on the commissural side, irregularly and minutely punctulate on the opposite side, chalk-white, 0.4 mm, In diameter; mlcrospornngia in the axUM of the upper sporophylls, flattened, reniform, the wl$Jest diameter 0.6 mm.; mlerospo~ red to orange, the widest diameter 0.036 mIll. 1 Capitals In parentheses designate the berbarlum In wblcb the specimen ex­ t\mlned Is deposited, as follows: (N), U. S. National Herbarium; (G), Gray HerbRrlum of Hflrvard University; (Y), herbarium of the New York Botanical Gardeo; (M), berbarium of the MJssouri Botanical GardeD. 164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The type. tn the herbarium ot the New York Botanical Garden. was collected near Eustis, Lake County, Florida, January 14, 1891, by L. M. Underwood (no. 1355 In part). Other collections of this spec1es are: GEORGIA: Near Bainbridge. CUTti3B 6714 (N, G. Y). Near Pendleton Creek, about 3 mtles south ot Ohoopee, Tatnnll County. Harper 1860 (N, M, Y). Near Ohoopee River, west ot Reld8l-il1e, TatDall County, Harper 1854 (N, G, M, Y). Near Chattahoochee RIver, Musrogee County. exposed granite rocks, Harper 1800 (N, G, hi). Albany. Traev 3510 (M). FLOIUDA: Near Chattahoochee, arid sandy ridges, C'Urtis8 (N). About 2-1' wiles soutb of Grandin, Putnam County. high pine land near edge of scrub hammock, Harper 6 (N). Orange County. Aieislahn 138 (N). Gadsden County, Ohapman (Y). Eustis, Lake County, Undenoood 1355n (Y). Claremont, lViUiamlJoo (Y). Brnldentown, In "marigold" and oak scrubs, on loose white sand, Combs (N). DISTRIBUTION: Dry sandy ground or rock waste. central and northern Florida and southern Georgia • • • I e • c d Flo. 64.-Detalls o! Sclagmella arenlcol&. a. Dorflal view of lea!; b~ ventral vIew; o~ donal view of 8porophyll: d. ventral view; e, commissural face ot: megaspore: " outer tace. From the type tll)eclmen. Scale 30. On the type sheet of S. arenioola in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Gorden there are 10 pieces of Selnginella. Six of these are obviously one species, probably portions of the same plant, and the other four are portions of a plant or plants entirely dlatlnet In severnl respects. These differences are taken up at length following the description of the second speCies represented. , VAN ESELTINE-SELAGINELLA RUPBSTRIS ALUES. 165 It Is the plant with more slender stems and with leaves bearing no cHIn In the dorsal suture that must be taken as the type of S. arenicola, since Underwood, In bls description, emphasizes the fnct that the plant is "slender" and makes no mention of the dorsal c111n, whlle he subsequently used the presence of these as 8 distinguishing mark of. S. a~anthonota. Of the other two specimens cited by Underwood tn his descrIptions of the species, one (Gadsden County. Florida, Chapm.an, In 1840) is true S. arenicola,- ond the other (collected In the vicinity of Eustis, Lake County. Florida, July 16-31, 1894, by Nash, DO. 1449) belongs to the other species. SelaOVtella arenicola Is r eadlly distinguished from any other species by its nenrly smooth megaspores, long ndnate Jeaf base, Dnd extremely slender stems. Harper's no. 1860 is pecullnr in haTing a somewhat laxer habit and JOore spreading leaves than most collectIons of thIs species. EXl"LtNATION OF' PLATES 16, 17.-Selaginella arenlcola. PI. 16, the type specimen; PI. 17, l.pcdm(\n collected near Grltudln, Putnam. County, Florida. HIJrper 6, U. S, Nat. o Herb. DO. 518489. Botb natural slz:!. 3. Selaginella hnmifusa Van Eseltlne, sp. nov. PLATE 18. FIaURE 65. Plants nscendlng, densely ~Itose, 5 to 7 cm. high; rhtzophores abundant. arIsIng only trom the base ot the shoots; stems (includIng leaves) up to 2 mm. / a c d FlO. 615.-Detalla of BdoglneUa. hlmdfllH, 0., Dorsal view of leaf; &, Tentral Tlew; C, doraal view ot Bporoph,lJ; d, "'entral 'VIew; e, commluural face ot melatpOf'e; t, outer race. From tbe type lpecimen. Scale 30. thIck, rather lox. freely repeatedly branchIng at Intervals ot 8 to 6 mm.; prl· mnry braoches abundant, 8 to 6 em. long, with abundant short branchlets 5 to 20 mm. long, these with stilI smnller brunchlets; ultimate branch lets up to 5 mm, long, sImple, dIvaricate; leaves 8 to l~amked. imbricate, slightly ap· pressed. tn the younger stages pale green, In age becoming cinereou8 brown, thIckish , chartaceous, minutely po.plllose-roughened. tInt above, slightly cona vex beneath, sulcate dorsally In fi median line up to the apex, narrowly deltoid from n short obdeltoid base, mlnutely 8 to 12-clUate on the marglns, beariDg 5 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. to 10 eUia on the edges or the dorsal suture i longest leaves 1.5 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide at the base; cilia 0.045 to 0.076 rum. long; seire decIduous, up to 1 mm. long, 0.034 to 0.068 mm. thIck, white, spinulose-roughened. Spikes terminal, nearly quadrangular, up to 2 em. long, 1 mm. thick; sporo. phylls 1.15 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, deltoid, auriculate at base. narrowly sulcate dorsally In a median line up to the ciliate setigerous apex, 15 to 25-cillnte on the margins, occasionally very minutely ciliate on the base, with 4 to 10 eills on· the edges of the dorsal suture i setre and ellis sImilar to those of stem leaves j auricles rounded-deltoid, 0.2 mm. wide. Megasporangia reddish yellow, 0.7 rum. in widest diameter; megaspores cru~ tnceous, whItish, more or less minutely punctate, rougher on the commissural side, 0.3 to 0.35 mm. in diameter j microsporangia 0.6 mm. in widest diameter, reniform, orange or brownish orange; micros pores abundant, bright orange, 0.03 mm. in diameter. '!ype in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 228293, collected in tbe vIcinity of Eustis, Lake County, Florida, July 16-31,1894, by George V. Nash (no. 1449). Otber collections of thIs species are: FLORIDA: Dry sandy soil, Lake County, Na.h 1449 (G. M. Y). Sanford. Orange County, September, 1000, Rapp (N). Sandy pine woods, Ala· pattah. Dade Connty. Eatoo (N, G). DISTBmUTIoN: Central and southern Florida. S'elaginellP humi/usa, which Is the species confused by Underwood with bis 8. arenicola, dUt'ers markedly from that species in severnl respects. Wbereas the leaves of each are of nearly the snme length on the Inner surface from the poInt of attachment to the tip, the long basal portion of the leaves of S. areni· cola makes them appear on the outer face or dorsal side from half as long again to twIce as long as those of S. h1lmi!u8a. The basal portion of the leaves of S. humi!'IllJa mayor may not have a few very mInute elUa upon it, but this portion of the leaves of S. arenicola usually bas a distinct clump of cilia quite as long as the marginal ones. SeZaginella humi!usG has cllla along the edges of the dorsal suture, and S. arenicola never hns them. It must be borne in mind, however, that these cllla are, Uke the marginal ones and the sette, more or less decIduous, and are not to be found on every leat. The leaves of S. humifu.a are apparently 8 to 10-ranked and those of S. arenicola apparently never more than 6-ranked. The latter species is less loosely tufted than the former, as also much more Slender. This species ditfers from its closest aUy, S. !uni!ormiB, in the following char· acters: Tbe leaves are thinner and flatter, not so closely appressed, and (In drying) of a much lighter green color. The dorsal cma are large and rather abundant in S. humifulla and exceedingly minute or absent in S. !uniformis. The spores of the latter are much rougher than those of S. humi!ulJa. The stitf, cordUke appearance of S. !uni!ormill furnishes a rather obvious distinguishing character, as opposed to the softer and more lax appearance of S. humi!usa. EXPLANJ.TION 01' PLAn lB.-Type specimen of Selaglnella humijtua. Natural size. 4. Selaginella funif'ormis Van Eseltine, Proc. BioI. Soc. 'Vashington 30: 161. 1917. PLATE 19. FIGURE 66. Plants erect, cespitose, rigid, up to 12 cm. high; rhizophores abundant at the base of sboots, sparse along the older portions of the stem; stems (including leaves) up to 1.2 mm. thick, rigId, sparsely branched at intervals of 7 to 10 mm., • primary branches few, 5 to 8 cm. long, these bearing few secondary branches (up to 20 mm. long) ; ultimate branchlets occurring throughout, up to 5 rum. long, simple, closely ascending j leaves 8 to 12·ranketl, vel'y closely appressed, imbricate, in the younger stages olive-green, in age becoming dun brown, thick· VAN ESELTINE-SELAGINELLA hUPESTRIS ALLIES. 167 Ish, chartaceous, slightly concave above, convex beneath, narrO\v!y Bulcate dorsally in a median line up to the ncute apex, narrowly deltoId from a short broadly obdeltold base, 6 to lO-cillate on the margins. occasionally minutely 4 to 8-cillate along the edges of the dorsal suture; longest lea .... es 1.25 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide at the base; dUa 0.03 to 0.06 mm. long; setre white with a reddish base, scabrous, up to 1 mm. long. Spikes nearly quadrangular, up _ to 15 rum. long, 1 mm. thick; sporophylls 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide at the base, narrowly sulcate dorsally in a medIan line up to the acute apex, aurIculate, minutely 10 to 2D-ciliate on the margin, OCC84 stonally 4 to S.ciUate on the edges of the dorsnl suture near the base; auricles broadly obdeltold, cmate; ema more minute nnd setre slightly shorter than on the stem leaves. Megasporangia yellowish, 0.6 mm. In widest diameter; megaspores rugose on the commissural side, nearly smooth on the opposite Side, 0.3 mm. in diameter; microsporangia 0.6 mm. In widest diameter, reniform, orange or brownish; microspores abundant, bright orange, 0.03 mm. in diameter. f e • a d FIG. 66.-Details o! SelaulneUa ,umtormi4. a, Dorsal view o! lea!; h, ventral view: 0, dorsal view ot sporophyll; d, ventral view; e, commissural tace of megaspore; /, outer tace. From the type speclmen. Scale 30. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 723895, collected on hillocks of loose sand in shade of scrubby oaks near Carrabelle, Florida, March 15, 1898, by Charles Mohr. The following specimens have been examined: FLORIDA: Carrabelle, Mohr, March 10, 1898 (N), and March 14, 1898 (N); "Ohapman" (Bi1tmore distribution, no. 3432b) (N. G, Y); .. Chapman" (without number) (M). Indian River, Palmer (M, G). Palatka, Hubrouck (N). Fort Lauderdale, Small &; Carter 1013 (G. Y); Small. Carter J: Small 3349 (Y) j Stooll &; lVil30n 1762 (Y). Clearwater, Huger (Y). DISTRIBUTION: Sand dunes and barrens, throughout Florida. ThIs species is closely allied to S. humitusa, but differs in the points noted under that species. Its next closest ally, S. arenicola, differs in the long­ adnate base of the leaf, smoother megaspores, fewer ranks of leaves, and cor­ respondingly smaller stems. The extremely closely appressed leaves give the stem an appearance not unlike that of stiff cord. lIIxPL4NATION 011' PLATII 19.-T,.pe specimen of 8elaoinella JUnijormiB. Natural size. • • • 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABlUM. 5. Selaginella acanthonota Underw. Torreya 2: 172. 1902. PLATE 20. FIGURE 67. Selauinella r'Upestris acantlwnota Clute. Fern Allies 142, 264. 1905. Plants cespitose, ascending, up to ti em. high; rhizophores abundant through· out; stems (including leaves) up to 2 mm. thick, somewhat rIgid, densely re­ peatedly branched at intervals of 3 to 7 mm.; primary branches 3 to 5 em. long, similar to shoots; ultimate branchlets up to 7 mm. long, simple, closely ascending; leaves 8 to lO·ranked, imbricate slightly over half their length, appressed, In the younger stages pale green, in age becoming reddish brown, thickish, chartareous, flat above, slightly convex beneath, sulcate dorsal1y in a median lIne up to the apex, 8 to 12·ciliate on the margins, 4 to 8-clUate along the edges of the dorsal suture, narrowly deltoid trom a short obdeltoid base; longest leaves 1.0 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide at the base; cilia 0.042 to 0.051 mm. long; setre deciduous, up to 1 mm. lung, 0.084 to 0.068 wm. thick, white with reddish base, minutely spinulose. f • e a ·c d FIG. 67.-Detalls of Selaginella acanthonota. a, Dorsal vIew of leaf; b~ ventral view; c. dorsal view of sporophylJ; d. ventral view; e, commIssural face of megaspore; f, outer face. From the type specimen. Scale 30. Spikes terminal, quadrangular, up to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. thick; sporo-­ phylls up tv 2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide at the base, deltoid, 20 to 25-c1liate on the margins, minutely 10 tv l5-ciliate 'On the edges 'Of the dorsal suture; setre abvut two-thirds as lvng as thvse 'Of stem leaves; cilia much m'Ore minute. Megaspvrangia pale yellOW, 0.6 mm. in widest diameter; megaspores white. 0.28 mm. in diameter, tuberculate-rugcse on the commissural side, nearly smooth 'On the oPP'Osite side; microsporangia 0.5 mm. in diameter, reniform, pale 'Orange i mlcr'Ospores pale 'Orange, 0.05 mm. in diameter. The type, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, was col· lected by C. L. Williams'On in pine barrens near Wilmingtvn, North Caro-­ Hnn. July. 1892 . VAN ESELTT XE-SBLA(HNELU RUPF..srRrS ALLIES. 169 The following :Sl~lUeUi) have been eXluuinetl : Fr.OBIDA: :-:<'rnh l)f'twc(>n Nllrcoo~te lind HunuYllletle, Osc-eola Coumy. Harper 10 (~. :\1). Dry lline UUl'l'ens Itt baHt! 1,£ Tubletop Hill, north­ west of West . .\r)opk:I, Lake Connty. Harper In (~. G, M). Scrub tthout 3 miles eH~t of T il \"uI'e:o:. T.!tke COlUl ty. lIat-p cr 17 (N. M). Palma Sohl., Tl"(lcy 7554 ( N. M, G ). Gr.oltOL\: Sum! 11i1ls of OhV4~lK.'e Hin! I' ne:Jr Uehls"ille. Totnall CoUllty. Harper 18il2 ( ~. G t )at). Dry pine bll rl'Cll8 cast of Arabi. Dooly County. on rodu<, H(H'])('I' Hl57 (N, G, M). Sand hills of the Lltth' OClDuleL't! Uin.!r, :\lull t i;<"Ul'I'Y Cuullty . J/ urpa HJB7 (Nt G, ],}) . 1'l'lll' Hnrrlson, on Altnma hll .~rlt., lIm'pel' (X, Y) . NORTU CAROLINA: F.11:-;t of Wilmington, In dry sllndt 8m'fra.m (G), Chase P i). J)I8TRIDt."TION: Centra l Florida to NOL'th Cm·"liuu, alollg the Coastal Pluin. W1llium80n in u lettC'r to l.: nderwt)(,d- the leltm' now llttu<:hed to the tSIM.' Nheet in the herbar :uru o f the )\ew YOI'k Botllnkal Garden stfltes thut thl !o! species I, grew In the white 8nnd or tlu~ open ~o ncl barrens In cIrculnr c1UDlll!-l II toot or more in (Ullnll~" (> l·. tlHlt. were 1;(!l1crnlly almost rovered by the drlftln~ snnd." Tbe tJlK!Ciulen (lr jJ H "rH~ I" ~ lIU. lfJ87 (wi t b photogruph) in the Orny Herbnrium !:Jhowf:I the habit \'cry ,,,·ell. This species (Utters noticeably from S, humlf'u8a, to which It is closely re­ I:lted. In Its dwnrfisb :IHlleCt, us well itS In Its lUu<:b more rng-oRC spores, and ttK more minute cior(a\1 eillll, thoS(' of S. o(!a llthonota being extremely fine, while those ot S . humifmCl. urc quite n!,) hu'ge mltl. prominent us are the marginul ones. The uWflrf hnblt Hud llll)re !Strongly rugose sporeK also !Serve to distin. JruL'Jh it from S. jnn.i/ormill. It Is typically more lax thuD S. /uniJorl1"':~, but there 1M n "ery ~ou~lderHhl(~ Yflrintlon tn thnt respect. Selttgine.lTa acani1wnotn seE!D1tJ to be the most \'uriable ~1)CCies in the e:ronp. exclutJive, perhups, of S. f'Upeldri8, Underwooil in his notes 011 So (wantluJllot(, says thtlt it Is relate-It to S. Nl~hi.t. The luck of t.1etluite I"eticuiutiuli 011 the w egtlljpores , us well 118 tilt.! more stiffly ascending or semiet"cet hnblt aud the shorte r leaves with dorslIl dUn, shows it to be much mnl"p ('Iosely rl'lllt~d to S. ltllmi!usa nnu the othf'r southern speci~ . . l-:Xl'W.:-.".lTIO:OO (I.' l'LATD 20.-Tnx· ~I)I,""llUe ll \O( 8du!lllldlu 11('(fll t-hllllata. Natural size. 6 . Selagillella tortipiln .\ Hr. Ann. :'1' 1. XIII. V. 3: 2. tHGr •. ['f..ATE 21. FIOum: 68. Sclagfnclla rUfJ(~xtrj.~ tOl"filJUU l ;ndf"rw. Z\lItin ' L!'{'ru~ t~l. 4. HO. lau3. Plunts pro:-ltrllte. loo~lr fusdculate. :!u to 25 COl. long, proou<:1ng l'hlzophol'eli at the buse of tll(.' sh()o( ~, rtlre ly cl~cwller(' ; s tems (including leaves) up to 1.2t; mm. thIck, flexuous. loosely rcpeutedly brt\tlched at intervals of 7 to 25 mm.; larger branches similar to the primary shoots; ultimate branchlets up tu 20 mm. long, Slightly thicker thun the f' hoots; leaves S-ranked. tmbrfcat~. do~ely appressed on the shoots nnd brnnche8, more lux on tbe ultlmah~ hrnnchlets, In the younger stu~es pale glnuc()u~ green, In age becoming ochrn­ .:eous to clnereoU:i brown, churtaceon~. thickIsh, slightly conCO\'e Ilbo\'e. Mtrol1A"ly co rn'ex helleutb. nnnowly ~111( ·IIt(· dorl:lully nearly 1;0 the thi('k hlnDt upex , lunceolule frolll u long tlecurrellt. husc. lIlillutt:!ly S to 9·ciUute on tile uU\r~:dn8, Ilhruptly setlgc rnuM [II tht~ 111~X : Il)n J;:t..~t leU\-'eg 2 mm. long, 0 .6 mm. wide at the III1:'!e ; cilia up tn 0.045 mm. long. h~·allne. deciduous; f;letre flbrl · furlll, IlIlnutt:!I;o: ~)lln111()8P . ~xtl'eme]y tortuous. ochrt!ceous to hya line, up to 0.: 111m. long. 4821 2°-1R 2 • 170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Spikes inconspIcuous. not more thull ;j lllID. IOllg; sporophylls o\,ute-hmceo­ lute, cymbiform. 0.9 mm. wide above the hose, minutely G to 12-clllllte on the margins, otherwise f'ltnllar to the stem leaves. l\Icgusporangiu O.U InllI. in diametl'l" nrrangl'(l Oll the ventrall ~ldc of tlle spike; megaHl)(u'eg $ubrug'ose-tubt.'I"('ulnte, yellow, 0.36 1ll111. in <1lmneter; micro­ ~porangill urrnngetl (Ill the dOrslll side of the ~I)ik\' , I'l'uifoflll, I1nttened. O.7ii mID. in tlinmetl'f; IUlcrc~l~res 0.04 IUDi. ill t.IIUIlI("tCI', 1.'hcre i~ :1 duplicate of the type In the herbnrlum of the New York Botan­ Icnl Gurden: " In Ind~ humidis lUoutiulll Ill! 13rOl141 Wv,·r. CUl'olinn Sf>pt. le,nt Rugel, .July, l~]:' e a b c Fro. t)8.-Detalls or .6dagillcllu. tOt'Hpi"'. IJ, Oorll:ul view of I"ftr; b. vcntrnl vIew; c. dorsal view of sporopbyll: d. YI 'lItrl1l "Iew; c. romml!lstlrn\ fucc of mcgnspore; f. outCl' (nee. From l'pedml'D collected nt Ca~8ftr" Bend. South CarollDn, Au):ust O. 1881, by John J)()Uuell 8mlth; U. S. Nat. Herb .• no, 154U89, 8cllie 30, Other spet'im('nl-\ eXHlll!ncd arc: SOUTH CAROLl:'iA : EXI)(~ rOI..'ks, Cu(>~tlri:l nt'all , Green CoUllty , nit. 1,3flO rueters. Smith (N, G, Y): l-inf/l'lmfrnn (:\1): Uctlfidtl- (M) , Table Hock, at'UI! & Ca,n~." (0). Without deHnltp. 1oclillty, /l(('VCltci (0). DISTBlnUTlON: On ~rnnlte ('1) 1'O('ks. 1ll0Ulltlltn~ (If ~outh Cftrollllll, The chul'uctel'ioI noteu tn the kt'Y ::;t~l'\'e as r~uuy marks of distilu:tloll between this spe<.'ies Rnd the next. The rf'IHtin~ly thick leRYe!': and l ' ol'tnnu~ awnR etTectually distillgui8h this plant from nll other ('li~tl'l'll sped!'s. EXPLANATION OF PW'l'fl 21.-Sc1aolnella tortipUa. Specimen collected on C\U,'Silrs HeAd, South Carolina, Sept. 2. 1876, by Engelmann; Ilc rb. lIi880Url Bot. (1ard,. no, 461ni, Natural sile. VAN ESEU'INE-SELAGlNRLLA RUPESTRIB ALLIES, 171 7. Selaginella. sherwoodii Underw. Torl'eyu 2: 172. 1902. Sdaninella 'rlille.vtril! IlhCr!(:Ol1(Ui Clut~, Fem Allies 14:!, :.!(H. WOa. Pl.ATK 22. FlOUR.: W. l'!tlll(:i u8Ceuuing, ueusely t."t!.spit~. somewhat ri~itl. ~ to 1~ cUi. hl{:;h. pn,­ duciug rllizophor~ onJy at the base of Uw flhoots; stems (lndudiug' leaves) 1.5 tv 1.75 mm. thick, densely l'~llt'atedly brunched tll Intervals of scarcely 10 111l11. between the larger hranche~. unli of scan:ely a !Urn. between the ulthmH..­ hrnnchtf.~t8; lower brilnch~ loosely uscentlill~, siUlllnl" to the shoots but shorter; ultimate bl'anchlets simple, less than 5 IllUl. long. as thl<.:k ns tbe prImur)' ~hoots; leaves llbout 13·t'unket1, dORely apprt's~eu, imhl'icnte. In younger stugeH pule ollvaceous to glaucous gl'een, ill uge ut:'t'ollling ochl'l.lceous to dark clnereous Imnvn, chnrtnceous, thickish, slightly concan' nho,",' with :1 sllght median ridge in older leaves, Btrongly C'oJlvex beneath, eUllet· not ('bnnneletl 01' sbnllowly 8ul~ cate (lol"snlly in the lower two-thirds, narrowly elliptic-oyHte from it long decUl'~ f('llt hnse, nhrnp1"lr "etl;:erous nt tll(' hlunt f.:f'mitf'l'ett) npt.'x, minutely ciliate / e a d I·'w, ij9.-Hdailti or scla"hw:lkJ. I1IH:n(.·~odii. f f, ~msal view ot I~at; b-, venteul view; (1, doN'ta' vlcw of lIporopbyll; d, vl'utral ylp1\": C, ('ommlS>8urRI 'Ace of megaSpore; /, outer lace. .~row "'I)ec!mp.u collecll'tl un :O:utllllih Younlnln. bear IIlghlands, Noeth Carulina. AlIgtlllt 1:0, 1l'cs:!. hy Julin 1IIIlUwll :-tmlfh : 1'. S. 'SIlt. lIf'rb .• DO. 8:"'949. Xcale 30. 011 the mnrglllH: IHrg~st h·ttH' tI l,r. 1UIll, lUll!!. 0,:;[. Illm, wide ut the bu~e: He[W t1bl'tfot'III, extrelnely tUl'tuou~ (in deietl ~l)t'('iulell~), lulnut~ly l!!I(Jlnulo~e, white, UI' to 1 lIlII!. lUll;.:'; ('Iliu S to 1;) Oil ",adl "ilip of tllP. I~:tf. 0.03 nno. long. Spikc~ t~l'ntillItJ. Incullsllkuuu:-:. li>:-:~ tillill ;'i JUli. long; spu,'opllyllt; ~illlilnr til the leuyeg out wider nt the bil!-;(! nnil mor'(' (IN'p1r ~\Ilcnte. :lIegnspol'nngi:1 UI'I';llll-:'cd ull liI(' n~lltnd :-:ille of the ::';ll!k\~, yellowish. the ",itle~t tlinmetN O.ll 111111.: me;.m:-:pore.": ll1hl'I'('tJl:ite~l'ugo",t:', :n.>lIow. 0..1 mIn. in diameter; mlcro~pol'llngtn nrl'nnJ.{ell Oil thl' Ilnrsal side of the p.plke, reniform, ftuttelleJ., 0.6 IHlII. III \\'ItJe~t dinllletel'; lUiel'o:o;pOl'es red to Ol'un~e, 0.041.i mm. In dillruetel'. The type, in till' herbarium of the Xc,," YOI'I{ Hotankal Cl:lI'!it>n, WI\S (·ullf>(·t .... d Denr Hlghlnnd", :\fn<'on (jount:r . ;\Ol'th (':II·olin:1. hy ,,'. L. Sbl'rw,1OI1. • • 172 ()o~rRIBUTIOl'(S FRmr TIn: NATrONAI. JTf'''RAIlIUM. TIH' l'uUllwiuJ.{ sp .... dmeu:-l lin n~ ·)(,(>11 ~xnmilled: N'OKTlI ('ARm.T:"' ,': ~mnmtt of [-tntu1ah Munnl'atll t neur Highlands, Maron Couoty, aiL 1.r~M) met4:'rfl. 011 exposed rockK. Sm·Uh (:S, ?tit G). Hlgh­ Innll:-l, .~'/lf!rf(lHIfI In l!Mll (Y), nod in 1UO'J (Yl, Hender80m·IIl~. • 1l'll{Jt'I" (Y). 1 )1 HTR!llt:TIO:-'-: :\(1)11111 It in!oO of )\uI'th Cltl'olilm. 'l'h~ IIltllly-rnnked I~H\·e:4 muJ. dellSE"ly c'~Hpitose habit "r .~. Hhet'u'tJodU ~'rw' as n·t'y oh,-lo11S dlstlnJnlbthln~ (·harlll~tp~. The 10rtn0\11' wl:r. nml the t1l11f'r· CUIu.te mt~j.(IIJ:01JN)l"eoI niM) form hnpOrhtnt dl~tilicUonR 'l'he (~I~ly nllPI"f'~l. 8bnllowl.,· sulj·uh~. Ullck If'nw~ nrc HO wholly u~lIkft . the lon~"el" , Hutter, more lux. deeply l'Iul<:ule lel\ves of S. rUI)t'~tri8 that there is lIttle IIkpllhood of ('Out\l~I(ln. 8·dtly;uf'11a (watltholl{)ta doeR oot, ~ tnr 88 known, rench the ultitlld~ of this or the Hext slledcl:!. hut U~ more erect habit. Its riJ.:"ltl FlPt£¥.. nJl(l th(l ,lllrl'l(l-\'pntr:tl :IlTllnl!enl(~lIt of it~ I'=PO~ would. In uny CHBe. ~r\'t\ ilumedluldy to dlstlllj.tui!'th It. b.'I.rt~\'N.Tlln- t)1<' I"LAT.: '~'1,-.f..'flaf1"ldl(/ ,'II,f'I'/C"uoflif, Mountatn, nE'lu· Uighl:lndll, North Carollnll.. _, u~,,~t ::0, U. K Nat, ll('rb .. no. ~::404tl. Xatural !JI(iI:'ml(' ttl tl!~' ~Clllllu·H:-;t. :1" nr(' tllt.~ nthl' r Jllant:-; dis­ cussed. J:TUWI'I :lIon!! thE' mountllin~ \\'1'1\ tluwn intu (h.'Ol')Ciu, ltl'l nh'eoillte­ reticuln.t(l h\('gU!'!pOI'Nt fllrm 11 ),PlIIly .1I~tlll('ti(ln. 11 ~ho\\'~ Me\'erul marked • I J \ J ' • , " , > , , , • ,~ • '. , ( , • a , , " • J,. \ ' , f , , , c d FlO. 70,- Detnil8 of S()laflilJclla 1·!lJlC~trl 8, (1) Dorl!al vl~w of INI!; b, ven tral ,,!{'w : I·, <1on;nl view of nporoph ... ·lI: ,I, vl'utral yh'w; c, co mmlSS\lrnl fR('t · {.f uwglllJpore; (, outer {tlce, Prom I;.lll'dull'u collected in Luu('tlster Cuunty, P ellnMylvanla. J[CllCf' d· lIolbac}1 70U ; t i . ~. Xnt. Herb., no. 204750. :-;.·/111' RO. \"oriutlons 10 fo)'ul in Ihe- nurlhem 111111 \\"('~tt'I'1l portiolls tiC it~ rallg:(~. hut the form tn the ~fllIth ~m~ fairly (!on~tnnt. A. di!olt u fSSioll Itf thl~ i'"(X'('I",s nnd its nlItes to the northel"ll {Illite" Htn!t·:-; will he puhli:.;hctl in II ~llh:-;t"llL('lIt 11II1l<'1'. The type I~ from" Virl-'lnln," Contr. Nit. Herb., Vol. 20. PLATE 15. • • ... z 5 ~ z ~ > -~ o o - Contr. N:.t. Herb., Vol. 20. PLATE 16. • 30 ~ w 0 z o( :::J < " / ~ / , 0 o , 0 / z w ~ •• < , ~. < ~ ~ w z - " < ~ w