NEW LAND SHELLS FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.By Paul Bartsch,Curator, Dirision of 'Marine Invertebrates, TJnilcd States National Miisemn.The United States National Museum has recently received a send-ing of land shells from Mr. Walter F. Webb, of Rochester, NewYork, for determination. This shipment proves to be the most re-markable consignment that has come to my attention, for, all but one,Chloraea gmeliniana Pfeiffer, of the eight forms represented, requirenaming, and the latter, I believe, has not been found since Cum-ing secured it at Baj^ombong.The material was obtained from one of the Mr. Webb's collectorsat Maquebenga (Makabenga), who writes: "I live in Maquebenga,one of the rancherias of the newly conquered wild people. M}^ placeis situated in this mountainous district about 30 miles from Dupax.If you were coming here you would walk over our muddy trail,coiled on the mountain sides, for about two days." This rancheriais located in the mountain range between the headwaters of the Caga-yan and Magat Rivers, about 30 miles east of Dupax, in southernNueva Vizcaj^a, Luzon. It is in the territory of the Ilongates, atribe that has not encouraged foreign exploration or collecting, hencethe many novelties.The sending might be considered a sample box on account of thelimited number of specimens it contained, but notwithstanding this,Mr. Webb, with characteristic generosity, has donated all the types,in most cases the only specimens received, to the United States Na-tional Museum.The nearest relatives of tlie forms described below appear to be inthe Mount Polls Range, which separates Nueva Vizcaya from themountain Province in the north.COCHLOSTYLA LIGNARIA AGUINALDOI. new subspecies.Plate IS, fig. 4.Shell broadl}' ovate, all the whorls inflated and rounded, markedby decidedly retractively slanting lines of growth and very fine,rather closely spaced spiral lirations. Suture strongly constricted.Surface covered by a thick periostracum, which carries the colormarkings. The color of the shell gradually changes from buff of theProceedings U. S. National Museum. Vol. 55?No. 2272. 301
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.55.first turn to a dark brown, Avhicli is almost purplish-black on the lastturn, while the periostracum is banded with dark zones of the sametint as the shell and light buff hydrophanous lines and bands, thewidth and spacing of which are shown by our photograph of thetype. Aperture large ; outer lip moderately reflected, marked by thespiral bands to the very edge on the outside, while within it is edgedby a broad, almost black border, which changes to a purplish tingewhere it joins the bluish, satiny luster that colors the rest of the in-terior ; columella somewhat flexuose, very dark excepting at the inser-tion, which is white, the juncture of the white and dark areas being^marked by a purple line ; parietal wall covered by a moderately thickcallus.The type (Cat. No 218400, U.S.N.M.) comes from Makabenga. Ithas 5.9 whorls and measures?altitude, 74.8 mm.; greater diameter,57.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 49 mm. Compared with the other knownsubspecies of Cochlostyla lignaria^ the present form stands out mark-edly by the almost black coloration of the last whorl.COCHLOSTYLA MACROSTOMA VIZCAYANA, new subspecies.Plate 18, fig. 6.Shell ovate, whorls well rounded, marked by decidedly, retrac-tively slanting lines of growth and numerous fine incised spiral lines.Entire surface of the shell covered by a very thin deciduous periostra-cum, which carries the light hydrophanous spiral color markingsshown in our figure of the t3'pe. The darker bands and lines aresimply ground color showing through the transparent areas of theperiostracum. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Suture moder-ately constricted. Aperture large, slightly channeled anteriorly;outer lip moderately reflected, with a broad dark brown zone at theinner edge, which shades to purplish where it joins the satiny bluishcolor of the interior ; columella short, twisted, colored like the inneredge of the lip, at its inner border shading to the bluish of the in-terior on the callus that is reflected over the base ; parietal wall cov-ered by a very thin, pale bluish callus.The type (Cat. No. 218403, U.S.N.M.) comes from Makabenga.It has 6.4 whorls and measures?altitude, 60.9 mm. ; greater diameter,40.7 ; lesser diameter, 33.9. The present subspecies, like all the otherdark-colored Cochlostylas in this region, is at once differentiatedfrom all its nearest allies by its much darker coloration.COCHLOSTYLA CARINATA LUNAI, new Bubspecies.Plate 18, fig. 5.Shell elongate conic, decidedly carinated at the periphery of thelast turn. Whorls moderately rounded, marked by slender, retractivelines of growth and rather coarse incised spiral lines. In addition
NO. 2272. NEW LAND SHELLS FROM THE PHILIPPINES?BARTSCH. 303to this sculpture a number of ill-defined and irregularly spaced spirallirations are present, of which seven appear on the hist whorl of thetyi^e, between the summit and the periphery. The ground color ofthe shell varies from livid brown on the early turns to horn color onthe last. The surface is covered by a thin, deciduous periostracum,which carries the characteristic color pattern of irregular, hydroph-anous axial bands, alternated with darker bands of about the samewidth. The arrangement of these bands is well shown in our figureof the type. Periphery of the last turn strongly angulated. Basemoderately long, well rounded, marked like the surface of the spire.Aperture irregularly semicircular, decidedly channeled anteriorly;outer lip moderatel}^ reflected, marked by a very dark brown, almostpurplish-black border which pales to purplish where it joins the paleblue satiny color of the interior: columella slightly concave, some-what twisted, ahnost vertical, its inner edge reflected as a callus overa small portion of the base. The color of this reflected portion agreeswith the dark edging of the outer lip ; parietal wall covered by a thin,dark colored callus, which allows the olive color of the base to shinethrough it.The type (Cat. Xo. 218401, U.S.N.M.) comes from Makabenga.It has 7.5 Vv'horls and measures?altitude, 73; greater diameter, 35.3mm. ; lesser diameter, 30 mm.In determining the systematic status of the present subspecies, ithas been necessary to revise the entire group of Cochlostyla carinata^which has brought forth a number of new forms which will be pub-lished shortly. Of all the old and new so far seen, Cochlostyla caii-nata lunai is the most broadly conic, the most strongly carinated, andhas the darkest border at the aperture.COCHLOSTYLA LUZONICA MAKABENGANA, new subspecies.Plate 18, figs. 1-3.Shell helicoid, whorls well rounded, marked by fine, decidedlyretractively slanting incremental lines and very fine, irregularlyspaced, incised spiral striations. Nepionic turns almost two and ahalf, flesh colored; succeeding whorls turning rapidly darker, thelast blackish-brown. The surface of the post-nepionic turns is cov-ered by a thin deciduous periostracum, which carries the character-istic axial and spiral markings shown in our figure of the type.Suture moderately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl wellrounded. Aperture large, dark brown at the inner edge, paling tosmoky bluish deep within; columella very oblique; it, as well as itscallus, white; parietal wall covered by a rather thin, translucentcallus.The type (Cat. No. 218404, U.S.N.M.), and a paratype in Mr.Webb's collection, come from Makabenga. The type has five whorls
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.55.and measures?altitude, 29.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 38.3 mm.
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lesser diameter, 30.5 mm. Mr. Webb's specimen has five whorls andmeasures?altitude, 30.6 mm.; greater diameter, 35.5 mm.; lesserdiameter, 29.2 mm. The present subspecies is distinguisred from allthe other forms of Cochlostyla Imonica by its extremely darkcoloration. COCHLOSTYLA DOMINGOI, new species.Plate 20, figs. 1-3.Shell subglobose, snbdiaphanous, milk white, excepting the baseat the insertion of the columella, which is tinged with pale olive-green, the edge of the columellar callus being marked by a narrowline of pale purple. All the whorls well rounded, marked by fine, re-tractively curved, incremental lines, and fine, irregularly spacedspiral li rations, the latter becoming obsolete on the last turn. Inaddition to the above sculpture, the surface is slightly malleated be-yond the nepionic whorls, mostly so on the antepenultimate turn.Suture moderately constricted. Periphery inflated, well rounded.Base strongly rounded, marked like the spire, the malleations, how-ever, being faint and scattered. Aperture large, very oblique, de-cidedly effuse at the junction of the basal and outer lip; outer lipslightly expanded and reflected; columella slender, slightly curved,very oblique ; parietal wall not covered by a callus.The type (Cat. No. 218399, U.S.N.M.), and a paratype in Mr.Webb's collection, come from Makabenga. The type has 4.6 whorlsand measures?altitude, 18.9 mm.; greater diameter, 23.8 mm.; lesserdiameter, 19 m.m. Mr. Webb's specimen has 4.5 whorls and meas-ures?altitude, 19 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.5 mm. ; lesser diameter,19.5 mm. This little species seems quite distinct from any of theforms known from the Philippine Islands.COCHLOSTYLA SCHADENBERGI ILONGA'i \, new subspecies.Plate 19, figs. 1-3.Shell broadly conic, with a strong peripheral keel. Nuclear whorlswhite, the succeeding turns pale horn colored, gradually deepening intint as the shell increases in size. Placed upon this ground color wefind a series of irregular shaped, retractively slanting axial whiteareas on the posterior half of the whorls, which are about as wide asthe darker areas that separate them. These light areas send outslender spurs at the summit, which meet and make a narrow, wavywhite line at the upper edge of the turns. The anterior terminationof the light axial zones send out a slender spur on the rear side only,which almost connect with the neighboring light zones, giving thispart of the shell the aspect of being marked by a slender white spiralthread. The anterior half of the dorsal surface is marked by fourspiral threads, of which the second is double the width of the rest,
NO. 2272. NEW LAND SHELLS FROM THE PHILIPPINES?BARTSCH. 305which are subequal, and a much broader interrupted spiral zone ofirregular white blotches a little posterior to the periphery. Theperipheral portion itself being blackish brown, the white and darkareas join their irregular patterns without losing their color intensity.The basal ground color agrees with that of the upper surface of thelast whorl. The blackish-brown peripheral border of the upper sur-face is also present on the lower. This is succeeded by an irregular,broad white spiral area which is followed by four spiral white threadsof which the second is about one-half as wide as the other three, whichare equal. Another broad white area, equaling about one-third of thewidth of the base, encircles the columella. The expanded portion ofthe peristome is blackish-brown, tinged with reddish-brown at theinner edge. The light color also spots part of the white columellaand in a little more intense form tinges the basal and parietal callus.The inside is pale bluish-white with satiny luster.All the whorls are moderately rounded on the upper surface exceptat the black peripheral band, where they become slightly excurved.The basal portion of the last turn is well rounded and also lightlyexcurved at the peripheral keel. Aperture broadly oval, oblique,outer lip expanded and thickened; columella oblique, slightly con-cave, reflected over the base as a thick callus, which extends weaklyover the parietal wall. On both surfaces the white spirals are im-pressed as if inlaid. The entire surface is marked by exceedinglyfine, closely spaced striations, which cross each other at right anglesand the lines of growth at an angle of forty-five degrees.The type (Cat. No. 218402, U.S.N.M.) comes from Makabenga,Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon. It has 5.2 whorls and measures?altitude,33.2 mm.; greater diameter, 51.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 43 mm.This race 'differs from Cochlostyla schadenbergi schadenhergi inhaving tlie lip and peripheral keel blackish-brown, instead of palebrown. There are also decided differences in tlie light banding ofthe two forms. Coclilostyla schadenhergi schadenhergi comes fromQuiangan, in the mountain range which lies to the west of the onefrom which our material was derived.CHLOREA GMELINIANA Pfeiffer.Plate 19, figs. 4-G.Three specimens of this extremely rare and remarkable specieswere in tlie sending received from Mr. Webb. The general colorationof the shell is a pale green on the early whorls, deepening to darkgreen on the last turn. A rather broad white spiral band encirclesthe summit of the whorls and the base immediately below the peri-pheral carina. The basal portion of the peripheral keel is so62055?20?Proc.N.M.vol.55 21
306 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou 55.intensely dark green that it appears almost black. The surface ofthe shell is marked by decidedly retractively slanting incrementallines, and fine incised spiral striations, and rather strong, quiteregularly spaced wrinkles which are placed at right angles to thelines of growth and give the surface a decidedly malleatedappearance.The three specimens yield the following measurements: Numberof whorls, 4.6, 4.6, 4.4; altitude, 14, 14.1, 13.3; greater diameter, 22.5,23, 19.7; lesser diameter, 20.3, 19.8, 17.9. The first of the three isregistered as Cat. No, 218405, U.S.N.M.; the other two are in Mr.Webb's collection. They were collected at Makabenga.LEPTOPOIVIA MAUBANENSE MAKABENGANA, new subspecies.Plate 20, figs. 4-6.Shell broadly conic, thin, semitranslucent, bluish-white. Nepionicportion of the shell smooth. Postnuclear turns well rounded, markedby decidedly retractively slanting incremental lines and numerousvery fine, closely spaced, incised spiral striations, which are presentboth on the spire and the base. In addition to the above sculpture,four slender, obscure cords divide the space between the summit andthe periphery into five subequal areas. The cords are marked atfairly regular intervals by elongate, brownish spots. Periphery ofthe last whorl marked by an acute compressed keel, which extendsquite prominently to the edge of the outer lip. Suture but slightlyimpressed. Base very short, slightly concave immediately anteriorto the peripheral keel, then moderately rounded, very narrowlyumbilicated, without color markings. Aperture very oblique; outerand basal lips decidedly expanded and reflected; inner lip stronglycurved, slightly reflected, almost covering the umbilicus; parietalwall covered by a thin callus.The type (Cat. No. 218406, U.S.N.M.) and a paratype in Mr.Webb's collection come from Makabenga. The type has 6.2 whorlsand measures?altitude, 18.8 mm.; greater diameter, 20 mm.; lesserdiameter, 15.7 mm. The paratype has 6.4 whorls and measures
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altitude, 19.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 20.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.5mm. The present subspecies differs from Leptojyoma maubanense inbeing of much lighter texture, in having the peripheral keel muchmore pronounced and extending to the very edge of the lip, the baseless rounded, and the umbilicus much narrower.EXPLANATION OF PLATES.Plate 18.Fig. 1. Cochlostyla luzonica makahengana, top view, natural size.2. Cochlostyla Inzonica makahengana, profile view, natural size.3. Cochlostyla luzonica makahengana, basal view, natural size.4. Cochlostyla Ugnaria aguinaldoi, natural size.5. Cochlostyla carinata lunai, natural size.8. Cochlostyla microstoma viscayana. natural size.
NO. 2272. NEW LAND SHELLS FROM THE PHILIPPINES?BARTSCH. 307
Plate 19.Fio. 1. CodilostyJa .^chadcnbeigi ilouyata, top view, natural size.2. Cochlostylu schadenheiyi iloiigata, profile view, natural size.3. Cochlostyla schodenbergi ilongdta, basal view, natural size.4. CJdoraca gineliniana Pfeiffer, top view. X 2.5. Chloraea gmcJiniivm Pfeiffer, profile view, X 2.6. CJiloraea gmcliniana Pfeiffer, basal view X 2.Plate 20.FlG. 1. Cochlostyla dondngoi, top view, X 2.2. Cochlostyla domingoi, profile view, X 2.3. Cochlostyla domingoi, basal view, X 2.4. Leptopoma maubanense makabengana, top view, X 2.5. Leptopoma maubanense makabengana, profile view, X 2.6. Leptopoma maubanense makabengana, basal view, X 2.

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