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• VOLUME X, PART 1 • 
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NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES:;' 
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By CHARLES V. PIPER 
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WASHINGTON 
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
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• CONTRIBUTIONS 
FROM THE 
NITED ,TATES ATIONAL ERBARIUM 
VOLUME X. PART 1 
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES 
OF FESTUCA 
By CHARLES V. PIPER 
WASHINl;TON 
GO VERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1906 
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BULL~;TI~ (W THE lINITI':1J "TATES XATIOXAL )\lJHEUM: 
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PREFACE. 
The revisions of genera, descriptions of new species, and other 
systematic papers on grasses emanating from the Office of the Agros­
tologist of the Department of Agriculture haye heretofore heen 
published as Bulletins of the Bureau of Plant Industry in that Depart­
ment. In dew, however, of the transfer of the grass herharium to the 
Office of the Botanist, the Agrostologist has suggested that the accom­
panying manuscript entitled "' North American Species of Festuea," 
by Professor Charles V. Piper, be published in the series of Contribu­
tions from the United titates National Herbarium. This suggestion 
has been adopted. The author of the manuscript regrets that it was 
not possible to consult all the type specimens of the American spe­
ciet'l, several of which are in European herbaria, hut he considered it 
prefernble to offer his work for publication now rather than to delay 
it indefinitely. 
Curator of the 
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FREDERlUK V. COVILLE, 
United States National IIerbariurn. 
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CO\TE\TS, 
T ntroduction ............ . . . ........... . . . _ . .. . ..........•.. _ •. _ ... _ . . __ .. 
History of the ~ellm: ... ... ...... . .... . _ . .•....... . •••• • ••.••. . .... . ... . 
Dist·ributioll ... _____ ... ...... . .. .. . _ . .... __ ... ........ __ . ______ .. __ . _A. 
" .. " .J:A.,:vnomw 1IIIIIOrtallt~· _ . •..• • .. . . ... .. ... _. _ ... ....... . _. _. ______ . _. ___ _ 
Previously Jlllhlil'lhed i 11111"1 nt I ion!' 4 11 ~ ort h .-\ nwrkan 1o'(';Mtllea.<.;, ... ___ • ____ • 
D 't' ,,) e8~np J"(~ erlllino o~y ..... .... ____ .. _ ........ ... . . . .. . _ ..... ___ ... _._ 
Hyn()pHi~ of Cnited ~tatpi" and C:wllclian I"peeif>s. __ . _ . . .... _. _____ . ___ . . _ .. _ 
Xotes on )f€'xican species ___ . •..... _ ........ _. _. _ . . ...... _ ... __ .' _ . . . _ ... . 
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ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Facing p&ge. 
FeRi.tU'f.l ronfWlu Piper ... __ .......... _ .... _ ..... ___ ............. _. 13 
F'&ltUCfl eI'i()leJli~ J)eHY _. _ •••••••• _. ___ • • . _. _ •• __ • _. _ •• __ ••• _ •• , __ _ 
Festllca grayi (Abralll~) Piper _. _ ... _ .. ___ A __ •• __ •••• ______ •••• _ •• 
Feiltu(~lt 'I'~fle.l·a Rucki _. __ . _ .. _ . _ . _ . _ .. _ ... _. _. _ ... _ ........ _ .. __ _ 
Festuca megalura X utt.. _ ............. _ ................... _. _. _ . _ . 
Festuca 1iroJ)I(Jide.'f L ............ _ ..... _ .. .. . _ .. __ . ___ ... _. _ ... _ .. 
Fi'lltuca smurea Nutt ............. ____ ........•.•...•.........••... 
Fi'litura Q(~cidentalill Hook _ . ___ . _ .... _ ..... _ .. • .... _ .. _ ......... _. 
Pestu('u llOwellii Vasey .••••••.•••• ___ •. __ .•••...•.•.••••.• _ •••.•• 
Fest'Ucll aristuialH (Torr.) Hhear .............................. _ ...• 
Festu('a thllrneri Vasey .................. _ ........... _ . __ ..... ___ • 
F ·h ." 
. t!stl1ca)o malH vasey •............•........... . _._ ...... _ ......• 
Festuca IfUbulijfarQ. Scribner. _ ....... . .. _ .. .... _____ ............. . 
Pe-3tnoo elmm Scribn. & Merrill ...... . ......... __ ... _ ........... . 
Fw'Uca confiniR \! asey ..•.••..•.•.•.....•..•.•.•..••••••.•...•.•.. 
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NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 
By CIU.RU:''' Y. PIPER . 
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INTRODUCTION. 
This treatment of the Xorlh American Hpecies of Festuca is based 
primarily on the material in the Katiollal Herbarium, but through the 
courtesy of those having tbe collections in charge, we bave been able 
to examine the material in the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botan­
ical Garden, the Academy of Natural Seienecs of Philadelphia, the 
California Academy of Scipnees, the ::\,Iichigan Agricultural College, 
and the Geologica] and Nattll'al IIisto!'y Su!'vey of Canada. To all of 
these grnteful Reknowleug'lllent. i:-; mudI'. 
,,1'" e have taken especial eure to point out clearly the material basis 
for Ol11' interpretations of the various ~pccies that have been proposed. 
In the ca..,es of FeJ:5tllca oviulf and 1';'8tuca 'I'ubra reliance is placed 
mainly on the classie work of Ha('kPl in his Monographia Festucarum 
Europaearum. aided hya fine scri('~ of :tuthentie specimens distributed 
by him. It is worthy of nOl<' that of the ao native species of the 
genus in ~orth America, here reeog'lIized. :-~ have been collected hut 
once, :! othN'S hut twice, and It ~ixth SPP(,j('l;, It~ 'l'ige.'!Icens, has hetm 
found but once north of South AlIlPl'jt'll. \\re huve dted specimens 
only for speciul reu;o;ons, and have usuully indud('d only iSpedmens of 
historie interest. or from numhered set, ... generally distributed. 
HISTORY OF THE GEN11S. 
The name Festuca first appears in hotuIIi('ltl literature, according to 
Tl'illius, in Dodoens's work entitled .• :::;til'piutll histol'iae pcmptades sex, 
.sivc libri XXX Antwcl'piae, ex otikilla Christophori Plantini," puh­
lil'lhed in 158:3. Dodoens's plant "l·~" .. ;luc(( a/faa" i~, aecording to 
Tl'inius, BrmJlff,>; 81_'cal;'lI w;; L. Lat!:'l' pre-Lin mean au thor!"! used the 
name in various ways, mostly, howevcr, for species of llromus. 
In the first edition of the Genera Plantarum, 1737, Linnn:HlI'I dtes 
two plates, namely, Dillenius, Cat.alogu!-l PI:mtarulIl, plate 3, whieh i~ 
evidently some species of Bl'omus, and S('heuchzer, plate ;J. tigures 
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2 CONTRTlll11'lIlNS ~'ROM THE NATIONAL H}:RIIARI1 ' M, 
13 to 16, inclush 'e, which )'cpre::oent, resp<'ct.i\'cly, lJ'I'OIf1UI$ erect1l8, 
B. /.d£Tili8, B. m "I,'t!w";x, H. ((8Pt!1', F e:Jtuca gl:gautea, !md lr: elai/o1'. 
In the fifth edition of the sallie work, 1754, the description, with a 
few very insignitieant changes, is the same as in the first ~dition, but 
the citations of Dilleniu" and of Sdleu<,hzer a,'e omitted, 
[n the first edition of Lilll""lls's Species PlalltRrUlll, 1753, frolll 
which the genn~ mllst hy eOllllHOIl u.c('cptntion date, (~ llWen species :are 
descl'ibed in thn follu\\'in~ :-oeqnenct': }r~ n'lJinu! If: d"1'itJ,il(:ul(/~ 1': 
ruhra, J1: awwtl'lpdina. J-: Ulylf.l·U~. r: IJ lar;thua, J< i{('fmmb('. lIx. l'~ 
dat/ol', p~ jluitan.~. Rnrl J< ~}'':idat,.,. 
Of the~e spf"ch's .1< dt'f'llIil.bdIN is the t.ype of thl' g'cllns Sieglingia of 
Bernhal'di: If: ,tlm"tlMjl>( iH l~w ;el/{aJ';(I.1I It;~taJ/'~ Kuntze. und 1": cr/...,tatu 
is the type of tlU\ gellils Koelpl'ia of P e rsooll, 
TIlt' l'P-Hlaining spct.it·s un>: generally included lJy author:; in the genus 
FestllcH., so that whetlwl' Wt\ Ut't'ept the fil'$t spccie:i, J( O/'/ 'JUt, tl.S the 
type of th" genns, 01' f"lInw the hi , to";e method of "",idu,,., th" r""",lt 
ill thi, genlls is pl'IIl't,ically th" ""lie. 
Numel'ous other gnncl'a han~. howe\'er, been 
n"ually indurled in, or first refetTed to, FestucIl, 
.idered theAe are ~" follows: 
Vulpia Gllltll. FJ. Had. 1: H. 180.'l. 
proposed for species 
Chronologically con-
Only one spedes included, •.. ~ illy/(ro8 (FI..'ll tmYI 1n?{NTOX L.). 
BchedonorU8 Beau\' , .\.I{rulit. HH. lMl~ . (t-lpe lloo " &~ht':n()tlorlli"" in th~ index of 
the Rame work. ) 
H~ed on sevml .speeic:-I, of whidl the first is P(!,'(f"Il(}(t. dlat/oJ' L. 
Bcauvoh:' plate H.1::-iO .-;eellls t,o he of thi!<O spceies. hut if ~o it if.l very 
fRuIt\,. ' 
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8clerochlo& Be-aO\·. Auro8t. 9i . Iii. IHI:.!. 
Based ou .1)rl{( lift/'ll L .• 1),1(t procumbens Schl'e),. ~ and J'rllt d·inaricata 
Benuy., all of whit-h an! J/oil"/ina 'ill/do, though "P017 durll L:- (Cf;liO' 
8/ll'llR (lIn'Wi L.) i~ eyidently an enol' for Po" dlli'O ~(~op. Beauyois 
figures /.{ du"}'a. 
Technically, perhllp" Sclerochloa is not published by n eau"ois, in 
which view the genus would datt.>. from Rcum'ois in Uei(~hellha(jh , leones 
Flome Gerlllllnicae 1: 23, 1X:«, wh~re the "r.t .pecie., is likewise 
S . dura. 
This genu., i. geoernlly 8(,ceptcd. 
Tragus Panzer, Denkl:lchr. Acatl. )hineil. 1813: 296. 1814. 
Nine species were included h)' the author, nOlle of which are figured, 
The first in position is T. eTatior (F,,'/j(c(( datio/' L,), 
There is ao older Tragus of Haller, 1768, 
PIPER NORTH AMERICAN HP1WIEK OF }I'HS'l'UOA a 
MygaluruB Link, Ennm. Hort. ReroI. 1: ~r2. Hltl. 
Six specie8 included, none tig-ured. "II annual., of whioh the first, 
.ill, ciludatux, iJi R :xi1w(t HI'!fW'f)X L, 
De[s]mueda D"IIIort. COnllll. Bot. 21;. 1!!2i!. 
One :-Ipccies. 1) . . V/(J lt/«(, I)RS~ci OJI I'(HI- ,v i;~ultl .Jnf ~f] , 
Chloammia. R ilL :'olt·ftg'(·IlYI. 4. IN2fl. 
Tv,,'o :-Ipede:-l (·ited. nalllel~', P',;,J5t,wll t"lIIdl,t and .r~ IJJv.mw,:d"H, The 
" /f(,.-;tl lt 'll IO·OIlHU·d.;Io'" of )lichaux whkh i~ l~ tf'1u?lI,,, \Villcl . i:-; pl'oh. 
ably intended . 
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Da.iola RaL XM~enyt .... us:!;). 
Based 011 F, .. vtlU.({t 1I1f111((.n di'il Ell. (l)tf.'1io/tf dliot,;a RIlf.). Thil"i is 
in all prohahility Feld/lf"'(' .w·/'O'/'II ~lItt. 
Nardurus Reicheuh. 
Ineidentally Ilwntionco 11ml!']' B,'((elt.ypOfii lllJl. tend/IIIII Br.allL in 
Flora (J-el'lnanicH. EXl'ul':-Ioria tH. l~H(). but apparently firs t 1)J'()'lX"rI~­
publi. bed in God,.on, Flnr~ de L",.,."ine 3: [.',. 11>-14. 
Uodron included two ~pc"i,'S ill this S(''1"CIlCC • ... \~trd,o',(.v t"lIellux, 
genemlly known us P:'xtU('ft Iflli/atn'l.ll i.v ~chmci. and . \~ IrU'I"'1lldi1'~ 
usually ('alled FfJ,vtlWU /a,.Jwlltdii ~penll. 
Bucetum Parnel1, .TraK.~ IIf Sentla ud 8, lO·k 18-J:? 
Four :-Ipccir::-; WCl'l' ill (' luut'd ill the following :-Ipqucrwc: IJ. loliaceulJi • 
. R. pl'afen>l~;, ./J. /,1((1£11.'(, "'lid fl. yiytlnt()I(JII. The:-;e IlTl' rcspccth-ely 
}1twtu('(1 /'jtiac(',(~ }: ,'/,diul', F ,lttl/oJ', and 1< yiyIlJit~,'(f . The tir:-;t is 
}t~·.~tllC(( l o/i{wl'(/ CU l'th;, a hyhrid lwtwecll -P;'.vi l/(,',t ,./at',:ol' and Lolhull 
jM/'enn,'. The :-;.pcch\s are all rig-ured in t.hp nho\'t" :-Ie<"lUf': IlCP . 
Micropyrum Link , LilllllU';\ 17: :mi. IH·l:1, 
Based 011 the ~ illg'l e specieI"' JJ: tUf( ,1/1I1f1 Lillk, whi('h 1:-; htl.~ecl on 
Tr/t,icu:m t enel/lflll L. (P;, .. dar ·,( 1((('!/f'l!o /ii Sp(~I1I1.). 
Feetucaria. Liuk, LinniU'!l 17 : ; ~\II( IH4:t 
Two :-Ipecies ilH'Jlln('<i, Ilcith(' 1' tiglll'cd, ";'Xtm·((./'/a t(!Jllu.'c'U/a, and J~: 
psltantlw, both o f whit·1t nl"(' now {~(JII~ ide l"t'<l ~lIh:.;p(~ci(!:oI of ./1(:1<11('1/ 
mdJnkJ'(/Ii.~ ~dH·11A.1. The nault' Fes tllear:a has also heell used foi' a 
genus ha.<;jed o n F :wlnl'fl jl'UJla'/1 .'1 L. h,\' He istRr in Fn,hr. Enum. eo.. :!. 
37:). 1763. 
Catapodium Link, Lilllla(Jl~ 17: ;~98. l84a. 
Ba:.,ed on ,1j·iti'·'11It 'o{/(( et: !tIn t;mith (J)'HI (nlia,),,(( Hlld~.). 
Thitl genu:; i:; I'c<iue('d t,o Fe~tllea hy Bellt.halll and 1[00 1\.P I·, hut nutin· 
!ained bv Hackol. 
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ScleropoaGriseh. Spk . . FI. Humcl. 2: .j.;n. IH44. 
One species, S . 'I'/g/da. Ci-risf'h .• ha.-.;ed Oil J)Oo. 1";qldrt L. 
:Maintained as a genll~ hy lJIUIlY author,,",_ rerllU~(ld to ]~'p~tm~a 
other •. 
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4 CONTRIHUTIONH ~'ROM THI!: NATIONAL HERHAIlIUM, 
Caatellia Tinw, 1'1. Rar. Sic. 2: 1i. IR46. 
Based on " single species, C, t,Jllffe,tZai(l Tineo, which is Festuca 
tubermt/()8a (Moris) Richter, 
Ctenopsil!l De Xotaris, Ind. 8em. Hort. Gen. 352. 184i. 
A single specics, 0. peetinell" Dc Notaris, (Festuea peetinella 
Delile.). Retained as " genus by Bentham "nd Hooker, but reduced 
to Festuea by Hackel. 
Leucopoa Griseh. ill Ledeh. Flo k <M*!. 4: ;{s;·t 185:t 
Oue species, L. 8iJJirica. Grise-b, Benthalll "nel Hooker reduce this 
to Poa, ami Hackel to Fegtuca. 
The species is clearly closely related to the ~Vest American Poas of 
the/endler;ana group. It., only distinctive churacter is the awn·like 
e",'urrcut midrib of the lemUla, whkh " hul'act.cr is approached by Poa 
rmbn:rhtf.afaHcribnc l' . The genns, if not maintained, belongs with POll 
and not with FestuM. 
A.mphigenes .Janka, Linnaea. 30: 6H). 1860. 
Bafoled 011 }~'xf,If,{'(I. carpatkica Dietr. 
Prosphysis Dulac ', Fl. Haul.. PYI'. H'j. lH6i . 
The author 'I'lOtes Nardurus Reiehenb. as a synonym and includes 
but one spcdel'l, P. tl)nel1-IU(, hused on .Yarda.l"u,o; f ,'11,#>I/",,"1 Reit',henh. 
This plant is consider~d by A!;Cherson Rnd Graeilner to he the slime as 
j;extuc((. marl' ':Uhl L. 
Synaphne ])Uhtl', Fl. Haul. Pyr. 90. 186i. 
The only species isS. riqida. (8el'-"fpoa riflida Griseb.) 
Dietomomiechue DuhH', FI. Haut. Pyr. 91. 18t)i . 
The autbor '1uotes Vllipia Gmel. as a synonym and includes four 
species in this :'lcqlwncc : I). 8eillrot'd('~ (Pl)st,'-t'a s(.'i;w·o£d('.'I !tot-h) , D. 
'lJ},yftro.'l (F; ,)(t1wa. 'm,llU1'I),'1 L.), I). cil;atl"'~ (Fe,~tu(;a (!iNata. Danth.) "nd 
.D. ',("'m-m·~/ll(lIIi.'f (FiwI-tUVl nrnlf;o;df"" L .). None of tht~~ specieR :I.re 
tigured. 
Drymonaetee Ehrll. 
Thi", nam" occurs in Ehrhart, Beitrage 4: 147. 178~, but is tirst 
technically pnhlished UH n gt-mUH ill IL paper by FOnl'reUll , Ann. :-;oe. 
Linn. Lyon n. l'I. 17: 187. HW~. The only SPP;CiC'8 i ~ hn.'it'd on J1(.:~tUC(l. 
qiqflnl<!fl (L.) ViII, . 
Loretia DUVRI-Jolt\'e, lliw. Rei. Nat. II. 2 : 38.1880. 
Fonr specic" were described by the author " . helonging to this 
genns, arranged 8.~ follows: Lm'etio, setacea based on ji'estllca lJetacea 
GUS8.; L. inf..7'fUfxato, based on JIron; /68 hWl'fls/jatuR Lam.; L. gen/cuiata 
based on Brmnuil genicuialuR L.; and L. liqu.xti('fl.. based on Brrmms 
lig1l.,tia,,,, All. No figures are puhli~hed hy Duval·.Tou\'e. but he cite. 
plate" for .",ch of the above species. 
PIPER NORTH AMERICAN SPEOIES OF FESTUOA. 5 
Helleria Foum. Mex. PL. 2 : 128. 18M. 
Ilased On B1'mnU8 liv;MlJ1 II. B. K. (P'eJ;t1tca NlI1ida WiUd.). Included 
in Festuca by Bentham and Hooker and by Hackel. 
An cXlllllination of the list of names shows tbut ~even genera have 
been proposed for varying groups of perennial F estucus (excluding 
Leucopoa), alld that fif teen names ha,'c been proposed for varying 
groups of the annual "pecies. Of thc former .,lass none has received 
wide acceptation. I n regard to the latter clR."" tbere has been much 
difJer'en('e of Opillioll. 
In tbe great modern wO"k, On plant genera the following views are ' 
maintained: Haokel, in Ellglt~ l' alld PrantJ's Pflnllzenfamilien, recog ... 
nizes F eRtuca, SclPl'oehloa, Catapodium, and Scleropoa as distinct, 
merging the remaining propo.ed genera, including Ctenopsis and 
Leu(:opoa, illto Festuca. Bentham and Hooker include Catapodium 
and Scleropoa ill Festuca, ulli te Leucopoa with Poa, but maintain 
Sclerochloa and Ctellopsis. Bailloll follows Bcnthulll Hnd Hooker. 
Atropis (Puccinellia) i, ma intained as a genus by Hackel, but 
reduced to a sect.ion of Ol}'!:eria (Pallicularia) hy Bentham and Hooker 
and h,Y BaiHon. Aschf'rsoll and (i.l'apbllCl', in their recent treatment 
in :;y nopsis del' ~lit.tele llropiii schen Flom, unite A tropis with Fpstllr.a, 
into which they .. Iso llI e l'j~e Sphenopus and Ulliandia. 
We acce.pt H""kel's delimitat.ion of the genus, hilt exclude Leucopoa. . 
DISTRmUTION. 
The genus Festuca is rcpresented in all parts of the world, hut prin­
cipally in temperate or mo untain regions. In Europe there are, accord· 
ing to Hll.ekel,(f :!B percllnial specie~, but on II d iJferent species ('oncept 
Riehterb jnc l'e~"ies this Ilumhor to 1U8. The European Il.II11ual species 
number about 2fi. 
III North Ame rica W(~ l'('('og-nize t:t pere nnia. l and 12 annnal ~pccics, 
two of (lat h g roup intl'oducN{ f 1'0111 Eu ropt' . 111 :\I ex i('O tlwre are U.lxHlt 
10 additional pt.~l'eIlllial ;-;, :llld in the remaining pal't's o f tropical ~orth 
America R. fe\v others. 
Excluding known , ... ynollylJ) ~ there nre stillltccredited to AHia about 
32 speciel':l , to A f)'ielL llhout -1 :1 ~peeie;-;, to Au~tl'fdu. ,"i illlt hont 10 :-Jpcc ies , 
and to ::>Oll t.b An"'l'ica about 7r. "pecics. It. is ~Itogethe l' probable that 
Illliny of these al'e synonrm~. 
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ItMollugmpl liu .. 't~UI'l\nHU E,m \ l )H t~a rtllll . 
II PlantsI;'! Ellrupa~w. 
• 
6 CON'fR1BUTIONS FRO:\! TH~: 1'1 ATltlN AI. HERBA RIUM., 
ECONOMIC ImpORTANCE. 
Several of the species of Festuca"re of high agl'ieultuml yalue, both 
for grazing and for meadows. Among the former perhaps the most 
important is jl't.'Nl uca o11hut, the sheep fescue, and it,., Ilumerous suh­
species, some of which arc founo nath'e iu m08t parts of the world. 
The most mluahle Ameri"'LIl grass of this group is prohably F""tuC(( 
OI·llta. inYJ'(tir/- Hackd, t.he" hlue imllcb gras.~~' of :.;to~:klU(' n , whi('h 
muges from British ColunohhL •. nd Alherta to O .lifol'Oi" "nd Colomdo. 
In parh! of the I'aIlg'B ('onntl'y , not.ahly the Uolnmbin Basin , it is ('011-
sidered the Sf'couri hest of the 1'1l1lg'e g"l'asses. III Ari7.olln Imd New 
1\lexic'o this gra,",,:-; is I'cplaeed by the larger unci coarser, but not less 
nutritions, Arizona. hUllch gra:-o :oe, r'. oni 'ua (t'!';Z(/u il:a (Vasey) Hnck. 
Other suhspecies of Ji'esl luYJ O't," :UI/ OC(~1II ' in alpino Rnd suhn.retic 
region~, Rnd fUl'ni Hh more or lesR H.hundunt forage. 
j ;(!xt U;IXl 1'ulll,(( L' l thl' red fescue, OCellI'S ill n.bun<lanec along hoth 
sea consts in ~andy soil ~ and in tho 'Vest is plentiful in the mountains 
at low ait,itu<ies. I n l'('~tl'i ctcd HI'Clls it is au important forage gnu;.",. 
}I~tUCfl a/tujc(t Trill. is a.lmndant in Ala:skl1, often co ,'cl'ing" 11I,rge 
areas with it~ large tu~socks. From ,rel'Y limit.ed cxperience with it 
this grass seems to he quite as nutritious as it~ ncar allies. 
Festuca 'nil'i(i1l/a V nsey is the Illost nutritious g rass in the mountain 
parks of the Cascade, lIlue, and Bitte l' Hoot mountains. It often 
()C(,upios louge. Itren. ill neady pure growth. Unfortunately it is 
unahlc to withlitand severe grnz ing~ and consequently where ~heep 
h",'o beeu herded this grass has well.nigh disappeared. 
The annual Hpcei(ls, especially ./t'e.'Jtuca ()('if(# o, 'a, are of considerable 
value ill f-Iclllial'irl grazing regions. They spring lip n~ry (lukkly when 
tbe rainy season hcginl$ in the fall, fnrnil'ihing g razing when nothing 
else is aVllilahle, Ilnd agllin in ('arty ::,pring they provide the first green 
forage, 
Fe8/uca eta#O)' L .• the tall fescue, a Europeatl ~peeieH, iN ve ry valu­
able .. s a hay and paHture grass, but ill this counto-y is little grown 
as yet, except in the ellstern portion of Kan""s and Nebl1lska. A 
smaller form of it, the meadow' fe~ue, used only in pas tures and 
lawns, i~ sometimes knowl1 ill this country a.., English bluegrass, or, 
technically, as ]i;>8t1.tCt~ pratl"usix Huds. or liestuca ela.t-iol' pl'aterll1/8 Gray. 
According to the best European authorities, however, l'~ elatim' L. 
and F prote'J/8is Hud •. are exactly identical, .., thllt, ",hntever be tbe 
distinr tion of the two form,; agriculturally , the botanical names both 
belong with tall fescue, 
• 
PIPER NORTH AM);RlCAN SPECIES 01' FESTUCA. 7 
PREVIOUSLY PUlILISBED ILLUSTRATIONS OF NOR1'B 
FESTUCAS. 
I. III Bulletin" of the Di"ision of Ag'l'Ostology:' 
FeJtluca dmycladu, Bulletin t7, FiJture 576 
FeRluca elaiio)', Ilij Festuca ('[olio,. pratemis, 
Festuca elatior arundinaccu, 
Ftstu.('U sltbulatQ, a.'i J.~ jones;i, 
FeMuca wnfinilJ, all as F. Liugil, 
Fe.~uca paCiji(.'(I, a.~ F. m.icroxtach:Il1f, 
F l'iltltt'n mytlrcn, 
Pelduca 1fhlJrtii, as .r~ ObtU~', 
Fest/I('(t. ucto/foro , 
Festuca ot-ina, 
FestuCtI ·,." .bra , 
Festuc« nlbm qirtll('t'lJCnIlt, 
• 
Fe8iuoo lwild, all Wi P. scabrelht, 
F~t IfciuTI'H. 
i . 288 
17. 
-0 , 
12, 
l3, 
-.-;)1;) 
12 
23 
19 
1 i , 573 
Li, 
Ii. 
Ii, 
17, 
5, 
l7, 
12, 
5, 
3, 
14, 
7, 
a, 
5, 
14, 
17, 
ili8 
081 
;');4 
:)80 
t7 
,~77 
7 
:!H 
4:1 
46 
289 
44 
14 
47 
579 
II. III IIlII.trutioll.' of North American Or"".e., Bulletin la, Divi­
sion of Boton y: a 
Fes/uca pacifica, at:l F. miaOxlw'h!1Il, 
liUtuca aitaic(" as p, 8ubuic/l<I. 
Festuca viridula, 
Plate !II 
92 
93 
III. In Agricultuml 01'""0' "lid Forag''' Plllnt" of the United Htates, 
Spedal Bulletiu, Division of Botany, 18S9:' 
Fe8tUC(t f'ialiQr, 
FtBtuca ovina, 
Ft3tuca h4llii, auf F . .'ccabl"ellll. 
IV. In Britton & Brown, lIIustmted Flom: 
Ft8tuca octoJfvru I 
Fe8tu<~a mY(lr08, 
Festuca rubra, 
Futuro Quina, 
FeM= .cabrelfu. (='1) 
Fe.stuca dalior , 
.&"euca Iflwrtii, 
FeBtuca Qbtma (88 mdam) , 
V. Tenth Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard.: 
FMUca riguct:n3, 
aU. R. Departwent of Agriculture. 
Plate 81 
82 
S:l 
Figure 497 
498 
499 
500 
501 
5O'J 
503 
504 
Plate 43 
, 
• 
8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DESCRr HIVE 
We have taken the liberty to introduce the word lemma a to apply to 
the '~Iowel'palet" or "outer palet n or hflowering glume" of authors, 
restricting the word •• glume" to the" empty glumes." This is done 
purely for a practical reason, namely, to avoid the constant nse of 
phrases for the mem hers of the grass spikelet most used in technical 
descriptions. 
The only other attempt to apply a single-word term to the" flowering 
glume" we have noticed is the word" floriglume," proposed by Prof. 
George Macloskie in volume 8 of the Report of the Princeton U ni ver­
oity Expedition to Patagonia. This term seems to us objectionable, 
because it is likely to lead to confusion with the word" glume," as 
applied to hoth empty glume,. The so· called third empty glume of 
some g .... sses is really a .tcrile lemma. 
The use of a single distinctive name for each part of the grass spike­
let seems much preferable to the employment of such general terms 
~. bracts, hractlets, and scales. 
SYNOPSIS OF UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN SPECIES. 
FESTUCA L. 
Fe,~tu('a L. Sp. PI. 1: n. 1753. 
Spikelets 2 to llIally.tlowered, mriollsly paniculat€ OT sometime!! racemo!l~; rachilla 
articlllatf' at thl:' joint~ and ahove the gIIllIH.'S; ftord~ all pede!'t, or the nppermost 
staminate; ghuoes 2, persisting, cannatt', unequal or su})('qual, the \owt'st I-nerved 
(rarely 3-nerved), the upper larg(~r awl 3'lIerved (rarely 5'IH'rVe(1); lemma Jallceo· 
late, usually narrow, commonly aristate, always 5-nerved, convex or subcarinate, 
firm in texture at leWlt near the h8.'!e, the apex and margins sometimes scarions, the 
callose base smooth or nearly !:lU; palea hicarinate, oblong or lanceolate, ohtu~, acute, 
acuminate, or bidentate at apex, mmally about equaling the lemma; lodicules 2, about 
as long aR the ovary, sometimt'H entire, mmally hifid; stamens 3 in the perennial spe­
cies, in the annuals often redu(~ed to.1; ovary obovate, smooth or hispidulous at apex; 
styles very short, distinctly apical; stigmru; plumose, the branches toothed; caryop­
sis linear or oblong, glabrous, convex dorsally, sulcate or rarely plane ventrally, often 
adhering to the palea; hilum linear. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Rllbgenus VULPIA. Annualr-i; stamenA usually 1, sometimflfl 3, rarely becoming 
extruded; f-itigma plullloAe, the hrant·hes toothed, hilateral. 
Spikeletsdensely ,i)to I3-flowered; lemma withoutAcariOUS margin. I. fJr/o..ffora. 
Rpikelets loosely 1 to !}, rarely 6-flowered; lemma with Ilarrow 
• • scarlOus margln. 
Branches of the short panicle normally divergent, a pulvillus 
at the base of at least one of them. 
Florets mostly B to 5 in each spikelet., only the principal 
panicle branehp~ rlivergent. 
PIPER NORTH AMERI<'AN SPEOIES OF FESTUCA. 9 
Spikelets not at all hirsute. 
Spikelets with glumes only hirsute. 
Spikelets with lemma only hirsute. 
Spikelets wholly hirsute. 
Florets mostly 1 to ~ in each spikelet; all the spikeletI'; 
dh'aricate. 
Spikelets not at all pubescent. 
Spikelets with only the lemma pubseent. 
Spikelets wholly pubescent. 
Branches of the narrow elongated panicle ered or appressed. 
First glume one~third to one-half as long as the second. 
Lemma. not ciliate. 
Lemma ciliate. 
First glume two-third~ to three-fourths as long as the 
second. 
Lemma Hllloot.h or I'wabrollf'. 
Lemma pnheHeent. 
2. pacifica. 
3. oonjusa. 
4. eMolepis. 
5. grayi. 
I). I·ejtexa. 
7. microstachys. 
8. tastwoodm, 
~. myuros. 
10. megalum. 
11. bromoid<!s. 
12. sciurea. 
Subgenus EUFESTlT(,A. Perennials. lllo~t1y tufted and never with Bcaly rootstockH; 
stamens 3, protruding ill anthf'8i8; stigmaA bilaterally plumose, the branches toothed. 
Plants densely tufted, or with HaTrowalut im'olnte hlade:<:, mmally 
both; lemma awnless or awned. 
LiJlule short; collar and auricles not cOll8picnol1/Sly bristly, or 
tomentose. 
Blades not falling away from the sheaths; palea obt.m.;e or 
bidentate at apex. 
Innovations extravaginal; blades smooth; J:!pikelebo! 
usually Illore or k8~ glaucou~. l:t rubra. 
Inno\'ations intravaginal. 
Tuftf! easily HeparauJe; blade!:! closely involute; 
• pulvilli none or faintly developed. 
AWIH:I longer than the membranom! leumulH; 
bladeH soft, sulc".ate; ovary hispidlltoU"" at 
apex. J4. f!('cidndali8. 
Awns not longer than the eoriaceol1s1emmas; 
ovary /.dabrous. 
Bla~les various, but when hard the 
lemma awne~l. 
Blades 8mooth, firm, rigid; It·mIlIa awn~ 
h,f-'s. 
Tufts separable with Ilifficulty; hla!les narruw, 
loosely involute or flat; lemma thin; a pulvjl~ 
Ius at the ba8e of each ray. 
Lemma smooth, usually awnless, sometime~ 
awn-pointed. 
I ... enlma scahrous-puberulellt, short-awned. 
Blades at length falling away from the persisting sheaths; 
palea notched at apex. 
Panicle rays spreading; spikelet." shining; culm and 
loosely involute green blades smooth or nearly so. 
Panicle rays erect or becoming so; t'jpikelets dull; 
culm and closely involute glaucescent blades UAU~ 
aHy very scabrOU8. 
Ligule short, dliatej collar anll auricle!; tomentose 01' hristly. 
Ligule 4 to 9 mm. long, !"('arion!". 
15. • ot·trw. 
I fi. rigescen8. 
17. /Jiridula. 
19. aUaica. 
2U. haUii. 
21. arisllliatrt. 
22. tlHlrhai. 
• 
10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Plants less densely tufte9; leaves flat, green, lHemhrana(·eou~. 
Lemma indurated, not at all keeled. 
Spikeiets 5 to lO-flowered; lemma awnle~E! or rarely short 
awned. 
Spikelets a to 6-flowered; lemma awnless. 
Glumes scarious-marg1lled, much shorter than the 
lemma; lemma not acuminate. 
Lemma acute; spikeiets loosely 8cattered. 
Lemma obtuse; Hpikelets Boml'what ubrgregated. 
Glumf'8 without scarious margins, nearly as long a:-: 
the lemma; lemma acurninate. 
Spikelet!'! glaucollF, 1008ely4 to ti-flowered; lemma 
often with a short awn; Hheaths !3lllooth. 
Spikelets green, closely 2 to 3-flowered; empt.y 
glumes scabrous; 8heath8 short-pubescent. 
Lemma awned, membranaceons, indurated only near the base 
and keeled at least above the micldle. 
Floret long-stipitate at base; awn terminal. 
Floret not stipitate at base. 
Lemma plainly 5-nerYtC'd; awn from a deit apex. 
Spikelets 5 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 4-f1owered. 
Panicle branchei'l ciliate; awn Hhorter than 
the lemma. 
Panicle branchl'f4 not ciliate; awn a.'-l long 01' 
longer than the lenlllla. 
Spikelebl10 to 15 111111. long, 3 tu 7-fiowercd. 
Lemma 5-nerved, the intermediate nerv~ \'pry oh­
scure; awn terminal. 
Awn much shorter than the lemma. 
Awn as long as or longer than t.he lemma. 
Subgenus HE8J>EROCHLOA. Perpnnial~, dl'llsely tufted but }lI'O­
dueing ol'casional stout extravaginal s(,aly stolollf'; leaf blades 
broad, flat, or rarely involute; stamen8 3, protruding; Htigtll8.8 
elongate, the numerous short mostly Himple branches arising from 
all sides. 
A single species. 
Subgenus I. V ULPIA (Grne!.) Hack . 
• 
V"lllpia Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1; 8. 1805, as genus. 
23. elatior. 
24. obtu8a. 
shortii. 
26. !'ersufa. 
2i. johnsoni. 
28. ,~ubuliftora 
29. dWtyclada. 
30. elmeri. 
:n. giganteu. 
a2. j'l'uten1.du. 
;{3. subulata.. 
• 
34. can finis. 
Vulpia Hack. in Engl. & Prantl, ~at. Pf1anzenfam. 22; i5. I88i, as subgenus. 
Ann Gals; stamens usually only 1, sometimes 3; florets usua11y remaining unopened, 
and consequently self-pollinated; joints of the rachilla usually clavate; stigmas plu­
mose, the branches toothed, bilateral. 
!l.Iany of the spedes in this SUhb'BllUS present slight but remarkably constant differ­
ences. In all probability this fact is connected with their cloee pollination . 
PIPER-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES ,,~. I'ES1'UCA. 11 
l. Featuca octofiora Walt. 
Fe$tuca Q{.'wtlor« Walt. 1"1. Car. Rl. litiS . 
• 
According to Professor A. 8. Hitch('ock , there ii'! no specimen to represent this specie8 
in t.he part of \Valters' s herharium prcsern~(l in the British liul'!cum. The brief 
original d~riptioll probahly refers to the plant gene rally understood. 
Felli/UTI (fllelt'l Wilid. Hp. PI. 1: 419. lill7. " Habitat in Ameriea boreali." We 
luwc not et:en the tYf)f', 
F esttlca IId afY(f Poir. Eneyl . :-.:uppl. 2: 1j:{8. 1811. De~cribed frOIH Hpccimens grown 
in the Jardin (Iu \'al lie Urt1t'e, Fr:IIW(', the original IiIOUfl:e unknown. We have 
Dot /O!~n the type. 
F'eJ!tltc((. par/'Ufora Ell. HOL l:'. C. &. (-;'a. 1 : 170. IHI7. We han~- t: xalUim ... l the type I)f 
thi ~ in Elliot-t' ~ h(>rbarimll , and art- indined to ('on~id~r it 1m illllllatnrt! I'lhade form 
of oclq!io rtt. It is worthy of note, howe\,er, that all till! 1':!pel"inll'll :-; which match 
EIIi?tt' 8 type Rn.~ from t.he H-onthern Hta tet!. The tYl)(' i ~ in poBSeesioll o t the (';Ol1ege 
of Charlef!lton, 
P(~t"ea tenellfl. ""w ea 1'1111. Tr-dns. Am. Phil. l::)oc. 0: Hi. 18:H . Type in the herba­
riuUl of the Philadelph ia Aeademy , ('oll ec.ted hy Xnttall at Fort Smith, Ark . The 
plant is eca.rcely glau(~JtI1<. 
Fe~((ca grarilenta Bm:kl. 1'n ,.;. Ac~l.tl. Phila. 1862: Hi. US6:·t Type from" northern 
TexM. " It ill exadly the 1<anw t h in/-'," a.~ P. })(frl'(f/o/'a Ell. The t ype i'lpecimf'H is in 
the herbarium of tht" Phil;\llelphia .\ (·a(l<~ ll1y ot ~<'i enl'~. 
& ((fllca pt!silla. Buckl. PmI'. Acad. Philn. 1862: Hi. 1863. Typt, froul ., Ill)rthenl 
Califo rni:\," preaer\'ed in th~ h e roorium of the Philadelphia A(·ademy. I t iij per­
fectly matched by many recent colleetio lls irOill 01(' flame region. The awns are 
abo ut equal in le ngt.h to tilt· flnwNill1Z glumef!. 
Fffttuca ocloJfom (f/ 'jMull lla 'forr.; L. II. De wey, ContI'. Nat. Herb. 2: 54i. 18~..J , 
Xu t.ype indicah.'<l, hut the ci t'1« 'rillt.iull o f "awn!! tlt) ualing o r Mllle what ext'( '('(lillg 
the ftoret~ " callE! for a diffl ' rellt plallt frllm the California f'i:~illlen of Bigelow to 
whkh Torrey originally applied the nallifl M It n Ollle ll flU-d U ni . 
Culms slender, erecf, sonlt'till l~ genit:ulate at b~, often tufted, 5 t.o 40 CIll . high, 
glahrous o r retronrely puherulent, mORt I.,' :I-jointed ; :o!h~aths glabrous or pub<·I-!(·tmt., 
~hortPr than the internod €:i ; li).!:ul e 0.0 tu t mill . Ifill )!, -"'('Rrions, 1I0 t (\t' t'nrrent : hla,I t'8 
narro wly linear, ill\'olnte fir ran-Iy flat, ~oit, ett.'ct lit 1l,',!etm1ling, Z tn 10 Cillo long.: 
pan icle IUltTOW , ('rect , Oft l' ll tl.'tlu('e(1 to:t n\nlme o r -"'pike, it t l) I:! CIIl . lOIl)t', ~tmu!­
times secnnd; rap' mOio! tly 1'fIllitary, :! to -! or toiullletiuH':s en:1l ~ Illlll. I(mg, erect, rare ly 
spreading. :l-ang led, lI!ina lly ~'a.hron"'; ~ pik t' ( li'ti'\ o\"a l or ublollJ!, ;; to 9, or ra rely 
13 mm. long, 5 to 1 ;~-HO\n·rt·(I ; jl/illt i'! of tlil' rachill a r-ia\'ate, (tt) to 0. 7 mm. lOll); ; 
gl urnes su hulate·lancel )Iate, t h e lower l-l1ern~tI , :-:1 m Ill , I I ln~, t h t' n PI)l'r a-nen-ed , {nuu. 
long; lemma firm, (.'OII\'ex , lanceolatt', frotH glahron~ 1(1 \·t' r~· ~:ahruui'l , ol I!-!Curely ~­
ner\'ed, 4 t.o fi lum. long, attenuate illt/) a s(:abroll:'! .:-;traight awn 1 to i lIllll . Ion,;:: ; 
ralcalanl:eolalt>, Rcute, eqna ling tlw 1(,lInna, tll~ ne r Vf'!o! 1-'<:lIhroll!5; :-> tumen 1. 
Festuca uctqtfora ranges throughollt the Unitt'!i Htlltt'1<, extt'llding northward into 
Brit ish Colnm bia and Ontario aud s.>u thwunl ;lItl) 1 (~wl ' r Califo rnia.. We ha\'e seen 
no specimens from Mexico or from Cent ral ur Sout.h AIllt'ricu, t hough it I!:! reported 
from Bra~i1 by Doell in Martill1<'8 Flora Bra. .. i1 itmsis as F. 1,,),,11'1 Willrl. 
This 8pedes jH \'ery \'ariahlt·, lUi migbt IJe eX J)e(· tcd frolli ita wide range, but for the 
mOHt part the characters are too irWO Ilt-'t1.lllt for lIorut'lIdaturial recognition. In Ctah 
and California occur Borne puzzlillg appr(»U'llt·~ to f: pacifica, but otherwise there I!! 
no danger of confwo;ing it with related 8pecies. 
12361 06 2 
• 
• 
• 
• 
12 CONTRI:lU'fTONB FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM • 
lao Featuca octoflora hirtella subsp. no\". 
Flowering glumea hirtellous; foliage Illore or lesH puhescent. Type specimen col. 
lected by C. L. Shear (no. 19(2) in the Mnta Catalina )fountains, Arizona, ApriJ 10, 
1901. Other specimens are referred here as follows, viz : 
ARIZONA: 
Tucson 2\1onntains, Griffiths 2355. 
Tucson, TOllllley, April 15, lR94. 
Sa.nta Rita Forc!lt Resen'e, Gri,(fiths 3RIr,. 
C..,tle Rock, Griffith, 2333. 
NEVAJJ.-\: 
Vegas W8.~h, Lincoln Connty, ('Grille & Fun&io'H 419. 
CALIFORNIA: 
Without locality, Palmel' 65-!. 
Without locality , MY.I{, /luxh, 
San Bernardino MountaillJol, PHI'ish 1530. 
Colorado De~rt, Orcnft in l8R9. 
Bishop, Jf. E. Jones, May 15, lAAi. 
Old Wilaon Trail, {leo. R. Grfmt MIn in part. 
Sierra NeYada, l-nnmol! 4659. 
LoWER C.UJFOR:'OIA: 
Mission Santa Gertnldis, (Jr('utl. -'Iardl 10, 1899, 
Guadalupe Ranch, Orcutt 1432, 
Lagoon Head, Palmer 655. 
2. Festuca pacifica ap. om'. 
Culma slender, erect, or geniculate at ba..''!e, glabrollfO, lII!Ually 30 to 50 cm. high, 
3~jointed, solitary or loosely tuft.edj sheaths glahromwr puoornlent, striate, the lower 
two about as long as their respective internodt!s, the upper IIIUt ~h shorter than the 
peduncle; ligule very short hut broader than thtl hlad(', df:'Clll'rent; blades narrowly 
linear, very acute, soft, glabrons, loosely involute, il tn f) (~m. long; panicle more or 
less 8C<:und, 5 to 12 em. long; the lower branche~ I"Olitar.". di\'aricate. bearing spike­
lets on the lower side nearly or quite from the hase; axis and branc~hlets sharply 
2·angled, somewhat channeled, glabrous; pedicelI'! da"alt~, flattened, mostly yery 
short; spikelets 3 to 6·flnwered; joints of the raehilla \'ylindric, scabroUl:lj lower 
glume suhulate·lanceolale, l~ller\'(~d, glabrom~ ... mm. louJl ; upper glume lanceolflte· 
acuminate, 3~nerved, glabrous, 5 mill. long; lmllilla ianceolate, fjl'ahrOU8 excepting 
• • 
in the lowermost floret (thif:! smooth ), 6 to 7 mill. long, attenuate into a Bcabrous 
awn 10 to 15 mm. long; palea. mnceolat-e, longer than the lemma, the inflexed shIt'S 
half AS wide as the 8(,'abrouB internt!fYe, tllll seabrons acuminate a.pex readily eplit­
ting into two awnlike teeth; perfeet litamen usually one, 80metimes three; grain 
dark·colored, lanceolate, deeply groo\,fld, adheren t to the g]UlllC and palea. 
The rachjIJa readily breaks 1:10 that all the florets except the more persistent low­
ermost drop out when mature. 
This is the commonest and most widespread species of the micrustachY8 group, 
ranging from British Columbia to Low\~r California. and Arizona, but apparently not 
occurina,r: east of the Rocky MountainM. The type is Elmer'", 262, (.'OlIect9l1 JUlie 20, 
1896, at Pullman, Washington. Figure 91, Vol. 11, IlIulitrations of North AmeriC'an 
GrasseR, refers mainly to Fe8tt/,(..'Q pacifku. The following collections are representa­
tive of this species: 
Contr. Nat. Herb .• Vol. X. 
\ 
1 
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F ESTUCA CONFUSA PL PER. 
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PLATE I. 
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-PIPER NORTH AMERICAN 8PECIl!8 OF FEBTUCA. 18 
WASRINGTON: 
Spokane, Kreager 4. 
'Vestern Klickitat County, ,)'Ithdorj 11:-19. 
Rattlesnake !l-lonntaina, f)fJllQrI 472. 
AJmota, P iper 1921), 
IOAHO: 
Lewiston, ."H.mtlbel'!I, Heller, .(- MacDougal 124. 
Lewiston, lIelier 3000. 
OREOON: 
Th~ Dallel:l. Sheldou 1010t1. 
Harper's ranch, :\1alJleur Count)', LcilJt.Ty2074. 
Blue Monntain!:!, Griffilh~ & /lImier 120. 
CALIFORNIA: 
Yosemite VaHey, Bioletti, l1. 
Crescent City, Dill'!! &- HiIlJt.(klll'; 5H~6. 
Pine Ridge •. /lull &- CIl{tndi(i' 298. 
San Bernardinn, Pf(ru.h -I6H . 
San Diego, Orctllt 1174. 
\Nl!:\'ADl,: 
Trinity )Iountain~, W(lt.~flJ/ l:i2a. 
ARIZOXA: 
Tucson, 1'oulltt!l in JS!l'L 
LoWJo:R CAJ.JFllIt:>olIA: 
Guadalupe Ranch, Orcutt, April ti, 18&}. 
:t Festuca confusa ~p. nov. 
Habit of F pacifica, differing in the following parti('ulaN!: sheaths ami blades 
pulle$:t'nt, lIxis ano branches of the pallidt' ('iliate on the angles, spikelet8 2 or 3· 
ftowerffi; empty "luUles hiT'E!ute. ( PLATY. l.) 
Th~ following specimens haye been examined: 
\\' ASHIXGTON: 
Western Klickitat County, Sukxf/orf] 140 (type) . 
OREGON: 
Grallt'R P8J!l6, Howell, May 24, 1884 . 
Without locality, R. JJa116:~. 
CALI FORN IA: 
Mount Diahl". If. Jf. I{all 1737, Brewer 1112, 1142. 
Santa Luda :'Ilountains, Ea.~twood, )la), 2, 1897. 
E. Hall's 639 is th~ ,.lant mentinut!d by Doctor <..iray as Ft'sllH't~ miCTOM,ach.,,~ ciliata 
(nomen nudum) in Ptot~dings of thtl American A.(:&iemy 8: ·no. It is not the 
plant HO named and deAt'rihed by Bt-'M.I, (Tr.t~R of Xorth Amerie3 2: 585. 
"~Xf'LANJ.TION O~ PI.An:.-J)mwn frum \)"J.>I.! "'pceilncn ]UO 81t"~dO/!, Wct<ten) Klkldtnt (:01l1lt)". 
wlUChlngton. Plant one·half nntnfal "be: plrlkl~lcts and dlsscctlnllS enlarged flv(! times. 
4. Feetuea eriolepis lktl\". 
Futuca eriolepis L)cs\,. in (Tay, FI. Chi!. 6: 428. 185:t .• En If\ij ('ampos de la 
Serena y en Arguero8," Chile. 
Fatuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 1003. Type eollected at North Yakima, 
Washington, by L. F.Henderson, no. t196. A duplicate ill the National Herbarium. 
We ha.ve seen only one Chilean spedrnen, hut this, together with t.he long d~ri~ 
tion of Desvaux, '~Vell no doubt th.t arida must be reduced to syn.onrmy •. 
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14 OONTRIBUTIONS .FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
IIESCRIM'ION • 
Culma erect or decumbent at base, 10 to 30 cm. high, 2 or 3-jointed, loosely tufted; 
",heaths glabroUB or pubescent, the lower inflated in dwarf plants and nearlyaalong 
AA the internodes; ligule very short; hlades BOft, narrowly linear, loosely involute, 
glabrom~ or somewhat pllhefoloont, 2 to 8 em. long, erect or ~cending; panicle 2 to 7 
(!m. long, erect, narrow, the rayfol at length divaricate; rays solitary, scabrous on the 
prominent angles; 8pikelets :3 to fl-flowered, 10 to 13 JUm. long; jointa of the racbilla 
7 111m. long, cylindric, hairy; gluDlef! lam~late, glabr01Is, or the ruidnerve acabruu~ 
above, the lower « to 7 mill. long, l-nerved, or at matnrity with a pair of lateral 
neTYes at bare, the upper 3-nerved, 6.5 to 7.1) lOui. long; lemma lanceolate, densely 
villou8, 6 to 7 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous awn nearly as long; palea as long 
as the Icmma, lanceolate, the scabrous nerves meeting in the acuminate apex, the 
inflexed sides about one-fourth as wide RH the internerve; stamen 1. (Plate II.) 
The following specimens are referable hert!' 
W A8HINHTON : 
Coulee City, Jlipl'r aUla. 
North Yakima, Henckrillm :n96. 
NE\' ADA: 
Reno, Hillmau, 1\lay, L899; Tracy 246. 
~Illoke Creek, OriffitluJ J; IIurltel' 514. 
CALIFOHNIA : 
Truckee, Soune 7 . 
Ukiah, Bolnnder 6US. 
Blue Lake to Jess Valley, a r-ifljths (~ Hunter 406. 
Castella, Piper 6.146. 
EXPLJ..NJ.TtoN OF l'I.ATr,.-Right·hnnd plant drawn 'n)1U lImdu#)l~ :.ml6, Xortll Yukimll., Wftabing· 
ton, whence also details; left-haud plant from Pipa 3915, f~oulee etty, WashIngton. Plant!! one­
hll.lf natural Si1.e; detail!'! enlarged five timCM. 
5. Feetuca glayi (Abrams). 
Pestuca m.it'T08tachys cil'iata Gray in Beal, urasses N. Am. 2: 585. 1896. This is 
based on specimens collected by Howell at GrantB P888, Oregon, May 24, 1884. 
This collection is a mixture of F. ronjU8(J. and F. vra.'li, but .Real's description refers 
clearly to the plant with pubescent lemmas. The type is in the herbarium of the 
Michigan Agricultural College; a. duplicate in .the Na.tional Herbarium . 
.&8tuca. micrmtachys grayi Abrams, Flora Los Angeles 52. 1904. Based on F'ut.uca 
mtcrCMto(.hYII cilial.l£ Gray . . 
The name ciliata is preoceupied in It..,tw:a ciUola Danth., 1805. 
DESCRIPTION . 
Habit of Futucu ptlCijiCtA, Imt I'IOlllewhat stouter; sheathR and sometimes the blade8 
pubescent. · Inflorcscence pubescent or puberulent throughout. Spikelets S to 5-
RoweTed. (PLATE III.) 
Tbe following specimenI'! have bee" examined : 
OREGON: 
Grants Pass, HoweU, May 24,1884 (in part), (type of P. microstadtY8 r...-iliuta 
G",y in !leal). 
CALIFORNIA: 
New York Falls, Amador County, Ha~en 6.12 . . 
OJ.i Valley, Hubby 40. 
Paeedena, Allen, March 31, 1885. 
Santa Lucia Mountains, Ecutwood, )fay, 1897. 
Geyeers, Bolander 37, 
Nape. Valley, B;gdow. 
19&,,0', &hot1tfeldt 3634, 
Co0'\1,. Nat. He,b . Vfl l. )( 
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FESTUCA GRAYI (ABRAMS) PIPER. 
PLATE Ill. 
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PLATE IV. 
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PIP~~R-NOI!TH AM~~RH'AN ~p~~eIE~ en- FE~TUCA. 
ARIZOX.\ : 
Santa CataliUK )lunnta.ins, ,~'ht(/r 1963. 
TUl'8lJD, TOfH"'Y, in 1892. 
Pima Canyun, (,'r-ijJithJ «~ ,,'hmr 26tl. 
Sabenio Canyon, (;riffitfuJ 253:J. 
15 
A specimen t:c)lIecteu at I..<>f:I Allgelet!-, California, hy Dr. H . E, Hasee in 1888 is' 
"nite illterme(Jiate hetw('('11 !f'Y'?!; and jlw:!ti('(f, 
io~XPLA~ATIO:oi tn' I'I,An':.-IJr ... wlI from Pringle's III>t! clrut!ll ~ from the SUnt ... Catalina MountaiDs, 
A rimn~ I April 19. 18S4 ). "IHllt Ilm"'hftlf naluraillize: ~Jllkel(>t Rnd 'Il"'''l'('tlon~ enlarged flve times. 
6. Festuc& reflexa Buckl. 
Fe&tuca .,.~tfe.:£ft Buck!. Pro<'. Acad. Phila. 1862: Hit l~a. Type in the herbarinlll 
of the Philadelphia Academy, (~llected by Nuttall in "['pper California." 
Ft3Iuca miCr()Machy, 'J>(tIlc~fI()m Scribner in Beal, Gl'8B8e8 ~. Am. 2: 586. 1896. 
DESCRIPTlOX. 
Clllm~ eret'-t, ~imple or few in & tuft, 20 to 50 Cill. high, giabrone, 3-jointed ; sheaths 
smooth or pubescent, the lower about as long as the intemodet-;; ligule "ery sbort, 
rnembranaceou!:!, truncate; blades narrowly linear, tlat or loosely im'olute, 2 to 10 em. 
long; panide [) to 12 COl. lon~, the rays solitary, these and the ftpikeJeta all at length 
tlivaricate; 8pikelets 1 to 3, or rarely -t or 5·fiowered, 5 to 7 10m. long; glumes gla­
hrous, the lower Bubulate, l·ner,'ed, 2.5 to 4 1ll1H. long, the uppt!r lanceolate, acute, 
3-nerved. 4.5 to [) mm. long; lemma lant..'eOlate, convex, 3-nerved above, glabrou8 or 
more or less scabrol1l~, 4.5 to 6 mill. long, attenuate into a scabrous awn 2 to 12 
(usually 5 to 8) mm. long; paleR lanceolate, the two hispidulous nen'es meeting 
at the acuminate apex, the in flexed sides narrow, the intenlerve scaberuloU8. 
( PLATE IV. ) 
This species is ahundant throughout California, extending sparingly into Utah and 
westenlOregon. AIHO on Vancouve r Islllnd, Jracotm. Occasional specimens ft~ 
proach .1( JKlcifica dosely . 
The following colledions are repr~ntatin,.: 
NEVADA: 
Mica Mine, .'1 .. f.'. J(fll e ll .=)()72 K. 
C ... t.IFOR~I"'; 
Bakersfield, Da'I''Y )898. 
San Diego, Or~l! tt 107:t 
Panamint Mountains, ('ot"ille ((. Hm~t.()n 775. 
Mend()('ino County, WanJ.·i,Ujhip fii. 
Berkeley, .~irhenfr & RiQfetti 14)'1. 
Monnt Diablo, llrnrtT 1077. 
UTAH: 
Santa Clara Valley, Jf. R. J O'l1tH .5139 Y. 
Silver Reef, M. F:. JOlltR 516."l 8(1. 
EXPLANATION OP PI .... n :._Tallcr (Ir.,wing roprt.'1'Ients 11 Rroftd~~", Santa. Inez lCountaiD8, Call. 
fornia ; the ~llOrt (> r Qlle, E rr,,"'f ltJ77, MlIIlIlt Ditlblo, Ctlllforniu , t il\" 'lcttlil~ from the r()rnwr. Plimt 
(')ne-hli.H nlltllnd M\1.t': Mplkelt~ \>IlIlId dl~c(·tions enlargel1lln' tilll{·~ . 
7. FNtuca micr08tachy. N nt t . 
}'e8tuca mi.crostachy, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 11. I-i. 1: IH'j. 184i. "Pueblo de Im~ 
Angeles, Upper California." 
-We hil\'e been ullfthle to locate Nuttall'~ type 81'cdmen. It ii'lllfit at Kew nor in 
the Philadelphia A('.adcmy of Sdenct:'s. Xuttall'~ description, how{'wt, is so ( 'OID­
plete that it is hardly pGBBible to mistake the plant. 
16 CONTRIIIU'j'IONR t'ROIII THE NATIONAl. HERIlABIUM. 
l>KtlCRIPTJON. 
Stems erect, glabroua, 20 to.;o em. high, 2 or a-jointed; sheaths smooth. or pube~­
cent, the lower nearly equaling the intemodct!; ligule nearly ol>Miete; bladpR flat or 
loosely involute, narrowly linear, glabrous or puhef!cent, 3 to 10 cm. long; panicle 
erect, 4. to 10 em. long, the solitary rays and the 8pikeletH all at length divaricate; 
6flikelets 1 to 3-flowered, ;; to 7 (~m. long; glullieH unequal , tbe lower 8ubulate, 
l-nerv~l, 3 to .. mm. long, the uppel' lanceolate, 3-ncr\"E~d, 4: to Ii 1I11ll. long; lemma 
lanceolate, convex, -I to t) lUlll . long, puhesct'nt, attenuate into a 8C&brOU8 awn aB 
long or shorter; palea flI~uminate, ecllutling the Imnma. 
The followinj( speeimenH ha\'e heen examinf'rl: 
OREOOS: 
(have Crepk, HOUlt". May 211, lR84 (ill part.). 
CALIFORNIA: 
Salt Creek, Tulare Count)', RURt.w{J()(l, May. lH94. 
South Pasadena, Allm, April 4, ISS-I). 
Napa. City, JepIJOU, April , 181)3. 
Lake County, RhmNmkiJI, June a, lR9:i. 
K Fe.tuca eutwooda.e "'p. no,", 
Culm erect, glabrow;, 4-jointed, :)0 em. high; lower Mheaths equaling or exceeding 
their respedivc internooes, puhernltmt or glahrous; ligule very shurtj hlatlefj f.!Oft, 
loosely involute, Rharply a<!ute, pllbernlent M glabrou~; pani('ie open, 10 em. long, 
puhescent throughout; ra~'R .Ilnd 8pikelet~ all divllrifftte ; ghunes lanct'Oiate, the lower 
I-nerved, 2 to 2.5 nHII. long, the upper 3a uerve(l, :L1 !lI1II. Ion)."\:, hirsute; lemma 
laneoolate, hirAute, 4 or fi mm. long, tipped with 11 Htmight 8<~ahroufl awn as long or 
longer. 
Collected by Miss Alice Eastwood, May, I8Hi, at Milpitas ranch, Santa Lucia 
Mountains, Monterey Count.y, California, Rnfl hY.Iln unknown (:t.lIector at Yolcano, 
May, 1886. 
Differs from F. mir:roltta.chylt Nutt.. ~nt.ially in ih! hinmh} ghunes. 
H. Featuca. myuroa 1.. 
F"Rt'/u'(I11iytITf»t I.. Hp. PI. 1 : i4. 17fl:i. "Hahitat. in .-\n~lia, Italia." 
I ,JI)ICRII"r 10 S . 
Stems erect, sometimes geniculate at base, ~olitary or forming I'!mall tufts, usually 
20 to 60 em. high, glahn.u. ... 3-joint~I, {ulually l.'Omplt·tply ('(Jnt"'ealf'C"1 1Iy the flhCRths; 
sheat.hM always 8lllooth. exceeding th~ intern(xll~; ligult· vcry ~hort, trl1ncab..'; bladf?8 
smooth, linear, involuU! nr rarely Hat; panide long lliitl narrow, ito 20 em.long, 
the hnuu:he8 appretlflf'd, t.h~ t.ipM tlHlhLlly hemling Hn~r ; rays BOlitary; ~pikelt't8 pale 
green, 4 or 5-flowered, 8 tu 11 mm. IOIl~, on 8t.alk~ 1 to 2 mm. long; joints of the 
rachilla. ('ylinflrie, smooth; J(lnmet4 jllahroul", very unec.lual, the lower I-nerved, 1.5 
to 2 mm. long, the. npper 4 tn 1) 10m. hmg, with two I:mall lateral nern':O< j )('!nma 
linear-Ianceolau~, obscurely 5-nerved, Acabrous ahow, not dliate, attAmuah.' at apex 
into a 8(.'lthrolll:l awn about twice iiN l .. ngt.h ; pales lall(."e()latE', I-Ihortt!r tl,an tht· lemma. 
the nerves hi8pidulotu:!; 8tamen 1. 
This European plant is commonly introduced ill the ca.stern United States, but ~ 
yet it is rare in the interior :.I.n(1 011 t1w Padfic sIltpt'. [n(Ii)o1t.in~ui"hahle from it. ~I 
far Ilfl we (';8.n see i8 the South American I<'esiu(,lI 7nuralill Kuoth, Syn. PI. 218. l.!ol22. 
Con". Nilt. Hero_. \/ 0\ . )C . 
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I'II'I':R NORTH AMERICAN SI'~:CIES OF FESTUOA. 17 
t\unth himooH find. rererred th il'l plant to 7': lIIt/W'(), J~. (H. B. K. No\" (;en. et Sp.l: 
15;i,). remarking: ".~on video quo charactere diatinguenda sit a }'e,t-uCQ myuro 
Linn.?" NevertheleR8, he later llf!me:-; t.he plant P mllralilf, without pointing out 
wherein it differed. Knuth's figUrt~ in H. B. K. show~ no character whatever by 
which his plant can be differentiatcci from P m1/uros, The interesting questiontd once 
arises as to whether Kunth'a plaut is native or not. His type came from garden 
walls in Quitu, Ecuador, and might well have heen introduced there prior to 1815. 
The question is somewhat complicated by Jameaou 's no. 232, also collected at Quito 
in 1856, in sandy places and on garden walls. The sheet or thiH number in the Gray 
Herbarium is a mixture of m?{UTflS an(lmegul1uu. It is hardly ~ible t.hatKunth's 
type can be the latter Hpedes, a~ he would surdy have n f, ticed t.he bristly cilia, eape­
dally as he was trying to differentiate his plant frolll P II'lynroJl. As both the species 
grow at Quito, it will require an examination of Kuuth's type to settle definitely 
what his F. muralis is, bllt it is altogether probable tiltlt it j" true P. mynro8, and not 
F. megalura. It lIlay further he added that the Jameson ijpecimen and one coJJ ected 
on Monnt htaccihuatl, Mexh~(), hy r,harle~ Deam (no. 22 ), are the only American 
!oIpecimens of F. myurOlJ which we would hesitate to consider int.roduced. 
10. Feetuca megalura Nutt-. 
Festuca 17Ugalura Nutt ..• 1ourn. Aca(l. Phila. n. E. 1: 188. 1847. Type from Santa 
Barhara, Cal., but we hayti been unalJle to locab~ it iu any American herbarium, nor 
is it in the British Museum. Nuttalliall Hpe('illlens o[ this species, with a different 
unpublished name, are in the Philadelphia A('adcluyand in the Briti8h Museum. 
~llttall'B description is flO good, howeyer, that there can be no doubt regarding the 
plant. 
Vulpia myU1'08 Jtir8ula Hack. Cat. (iram. Port. 2-1. 1880. Type {rom Portugal. 
- Festuca myuroa hir1f1uO Asch . & Graehn. Syn. Mitteleur. FI. 2: 558. 1901. 
1)&sCRIPTION. 
Very similar in all respects to t.he preceding spedes; panicles usually lon~erj lemma 
sparsely ciliate on it~ upper half. (Plate V.) 
This plant is abundant un the Pacifi<~ slope from British Columbia and Idaho to 
Mexico and Lower California. It u.l:-;o re(~l1rs in Ecuador, Pem, Ro]i\'ia, and Chile. 
The evidence points very strongly to itfo! hdn){ nath'e and not intrOOU(.'Cd. In 
Europe it haa been fowlt' only in Portugal , alii I that, in j~Hlllparati\'ely rcc.~nt years, 
SO that it is more likely fi ll introduction there than "ij·(· ven-:a. It was collected in 
B,ritish Columbia by LyaU in ]859, in Washington by Doctor Cooper in 1853 and 
by Tolmie milch earlier, in California hy (Tambt'll befllro 1847, iu .xevada by Ander­
son in 1865, in Ecuador by .Jalllt.":-Ion in 1M6, in Peru by Ull~ Wilkes expedition in 
lS:i9, and in Chile hy Gay ahout ISi;O. Thil! widel:!prcatl range along the Pacific 
slope of both North anll South A lllt~ rit-a at such l!arly t1all~, taken in contrast with 
ita very local distribution ill En rope, points ttl it.'" bcillj.{ a ,,"e~t Arnerkan native. 
Neverthel(':SS, in ea.<!tern Wa~hinKt(m Hlltl Ida.ho it i!'! l\ plant or "ery J"e(:ent introduc­
tion, and in its rapid "'prea,l hi·haw:, likt ~ Inan), WL'CflY 1)lantB of undoubted European 
• • orl~m . 
Most of the South Am~ricatl !:!pcdmens refe rred to H'&lIca nmrfl.lis Kllnth belong 
to F megalurct, and Ruthenttc materia.l fl'Olll Clay !:Ihow~ that such Wa<3 the case with 
the specimens on which the }'. 'n/llTahs of the Flora Chilen~u! was based. 
The character by which megallU'fI. iH distinguished froUl UIYW'OX iH very slight, but 
surprisingly constant. It. hal:! been lni1'ltakell hy ~omB recent California (:ollectors for 
the European FeBtuca ciUain Dautli. ( F. 1U!lurQS ciliata Cosson). 
-lK CoNTRIHllTIONOl ~'R()lf TilE NATIONAL IH:HHAKIUM. 
The following collections art' rcpn't'Cutat i VP. : 
HRITls n r.oLn~BI.\: 
\ · idoriH., J,fo.c01W (Hr. , 
. ". AHIII "'(I~)N : 
Cltllhull County, Elmu 1914. 
Seattle, l'ipa HW. 
Walla. Walla, Shrar 1587 , 
Wait8burg, HONl~ 5,1)7. 
IOAIIO : 
1.t! WiStoll , Hell/'/' 3232. 
Clearwater River, Sl.Indbery. lldll'1', &- Mile/JIll/flit! ~l. 
OREUO~: 
Hoo\'er Canyon, (Tilliam COllnty, I.eibf'rg 1,,0, 
Silverton, Hall 637. 
Portland, Sheldon 1050;,. 
CALlYORNIA: 
Siln BernA.rdino, l'aritlh 476l. 
San Franci!:Il.'O, Torrey 576. 
San Diego, RrunmfJf'e 97. 
Monterey, fA"'!J 7245. 
Rallta Barbara, Elmer :~~2, 
Santa R~. H eller 56KL 
San Diego, (;r(11I1 89fu\. 
Men~locino, Brott'n 762. 
Humboldt Ba.y, Chandler 1120. 
ARIZONA: 
Fort lJ uachuca, Pnlmrr 4H!). 
MEXICO: 
Foothills of Izta(~cihuatl, Deam 22. 
Nachogllero Valley, Lower California, SdlOenjeldt 3442. 
EXPLA.NATION' Cl to' PT.ATE.-Drnwll from 1;)(} Ldl~,.y, ("ollcctcd in OreR'on . Pll\nt nne-half natuml 
size; detalll ~n laTKcl1 fiyc tlmclO. 
11. Festuca bromoidea L. 
Festuca bromoicUs L. 8p. PI. 1: 75. 17.J:{. "!Jallitat. in Anglia, ltalia." 
Festuca,IINuro'idrs Roth, Cat. RoL 2: 11. 1HOO. 
DESCRII'TIOS. 
Stems erect, rarely geniculate at l-a f~, 10 tu 30, rarely 40 em . high, glAbrous, 
a-jointed; 6heathli limooth , lon~r tha.n t-hc internodes; ligule ,"ery Hhort; blades 
linear, glabrolls, flat or lootldy iU\'lllule; l'tmil' lc u~ualty dense, narrow, 5 to JO ('Ill. 
long, seldom longer; raya 8Olit.ary, rather short, apprceae<l j spikelet.1!! p4\le green, 4 or 
5-tlowered, 9 to 12 milt. long', on Rtalks 2 to 5 mm. long; g lurnc.·g unequa l, the lower 
i-nerved, 4 t<I 4,5 111m. long, thc.~ upper 3-ner\,ed, 6 to 7 mm. long; lemnm lanceolate, 
scabrou8 above, ito 8 mm. long. at.tenuate into an M,wn 10 to l:l mill. long; palea 
lanceolate, ohtuse at the very apex, tlw nerves hispiuultms; 6l.tlmen 1. ( Plate \'1.) 
This plant is abundantly introdut'ell on the Paeific (~O:f.Ht (rllm YaneuU\'cr Island. to 
southern California, but apparently not eh;ewhero in !\urtb :\merl<:n. The oldest 
specimens we have seen bear the date of 18M. Collectors Inl\'e for the most part 
laheled it myuTos or microstllcliys. From the former it it:! easily tlhlt-ing-uished by its 
different glumes. Normal forms of P. lKlcUica are eo:-!ily distinguished hy the divaI'· 
iCIlt.ely bnuwlling panieie, hut f:ha(lt· or diminutive iUrl llR@imulate 'Iromoidndmwly. 
The best distindion in such cases il::l furnishetl by the J..alea. Inpacijica the inOexed 
Cootl. Nat. Herb .• Vol. X. 
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F ESTUCA BROMOID ES l. 
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PLATE VI. 
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• 
Pl.ATE VII. 
COIIII . Nat. Herb., Vol . X. 
; 
. , 
'J 
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, 
FESTUCA SCLUREA NUTT. 
, 
PIPER NoH.TH AMERICA N :;P.E('lES OF FI<:~'I'Il"A. 19 
• 
sides of the palea are half a.'J wide a~ the internervej iu hrQmoidl!,~ they are much Ilar~ 
rower. Furthermore the Atlf'ath~ of llT1nnf)id.t'.~ are always perfecUy glabrous; iupaci./ica 
they are often puberulent. 
The following are representative eollectiull!'l; 
BRITISH COLmIBIA: 
Vancouver Island, .1[111'01111 17, 44. 
Nanaimo, Jlacol/ll Hm. 
W ASRINGTON: 
Monteeano, Heller 3800. 
:Morrison, Led.'enby 104. 
Seattle, lloll.:ell 203. 
Tacoma, Ffttt 22M ill partl. 
ORE{lON: 
Portland, Sheldurt l06tnJ, 10801. 
Seaside, Shear & S('rilmfl" 1721. 
CALIFORNIA: 
Santa Cruz Island, Bralldeg('(' 67. 
Fort Bragg, nary 61:{2. 
Marin County, Palmer 2041. 
Berkeley, Blankiwlldp 12; Dat!!17870. 
Santa ROf"8, Heller ))221. 
• 
EXPLA!"ATIUN OF PLATE.-Drawn from 78iO Dury, Ikrkdcr, California, Plant one-half natural 
tdze; spikelets, details, Ilnd diSS('ctiom ('nlarged fly\' time". 
• I:!. Featuca. aciurea Xntt . 
Festuca 8ciurea Nutt. Tram~. Am. Phil. Sot'. 11. 6: l4i. 1837. Type in the herba­
rium of the Philadelphia Aeadl'IHY of ~eien('c~, ('ol1ectcd by Nuttall in Arkansas. 
There are two oIlIer nampH whidl in all probahility refer to this Bpedes. One of 
tht'se is F. quadrijlol'<t Walt.. FI. Car. xl. 17xx. There seems to be no type or 
authentic specimen of this in existence, alllJ the brief de!"Jcription of Walter is immffi­
cient. But 8ciurea seems to be a (~Olllmon __ 'r gra~H in South Carolina even now than 
p, myuro8, to which quadrUforn iH usually referred, and it would seem that Waher 
must have known the plant. There if! an older Hsiuca quadrijlora Honck., 17R2. 
Tlw other name is that of F. ?/w/llIlLdm 1,:11.11 Elliott mentiOIlH thiH Hame under a 
description headed FeHinea tnyuroH, stating that he once (~onfJide.red hiH plant tlildillct 
from the latter, adding moreo\'er that" the only I'irl'llllIHtaIH'efI whil·h Ht.iIl oc{;aHion 
any doubt., the hairy corolla and Holitary filallU'Ilt...;," are omit.te(l hy Lamart'k in t.he 
description of .r~ myl1rl/8 in the En~yd0f>l.·(lie )rf'thj~liqIlP. Upon I'htlu'a monandrn 
Ell., Rafinesque founds hiH /)wfiola elliolm, .:\"t'j~ __ ·IlYt. 4. JR25. 
There is no Hpeeimen to be f01U1I1 in Elliott'" llt'rbarillIH labeled either .P. myllros 
or J<: 11lOnantira, hilt hi:-l dlarader (If hairy ('urolla pointH clearly to P. sdurea as the 
plant he had before him. T1w ot.her diHt.indin· j'haraeterH of Ift:iurea, the empty 
glumea and small fioret~, ar(~ not. brought out ill Elliott'!'! tles('ription. 
n~~..;cHJ I'TI (':-:. 
Cllims ered, "lenller, glahr(ln~, 1 i) to ;)0 ('Ill. It igh, ~olitary or in ~mall tuft-l'l, 2-jointed; 
sh(;athH !">1llooth, shortt'!' th;\J\ the internolh'~; ligule HeariuuH, Hhort, tnlIlt'atpj hlades 
setaceouH, soit, involutp, I to 10 em. long; }lallii'll' narrow, ert~et., fl t.o to em. longj 
rays solitary or the lower ill twos or thrpel", Hll1ooth, sharply angk'tlj Apikeleb-J -1 to 
6-ftowered, 4 to S mm. long; glllllleH smooth, the lower I-IH'f\'ClI, 2 JIlIIi. long, the 
---------------------- -----
(.I Elliott, Bot. :-i. G. & t;a. 1: 1 iO, 1821. 
• 
20 CONTRIBUTIONS I'R01ll THl!: NATIONAL HERBARIUIt. 
upper ;S-I\t)r\'e~l, :t5 mill. long; lemmn Iillear-Iant~eoln.te, faintly 5-llt'ITed, :3 to :1.5 
lllill. 1()1I~, lipanleiy !o!hort.pubescent., :\ttAmnaw into a Ilhmdel' awn t.i t.o 11 nUll. 
long; palea lanc.eolate, nht.IlKe Of tU'nt.i~h, nearly a~ liHlj! a~. HI('. Imnma, ciliate at 
the apex j "taliit'll I. (V1 .An: VI I .) 
This Hpt.'Cit"!'t ran~ from ~orf(llk t:Ollllty, Virginia ( Kearney ), soulh 10 Florida, 
thence w~twar<1 to 'fCXR.8 ant! northward into Arkansa.'I anci Indian Territory 
(Palmer). 
EXPI.A~ ATION UJ' PI.ATE.-DrnwlI from Rc'tcrchon's Tcxa.~ sper.lm en collet'ted In 1882. Plant oTle· 
half natural fj lze; detnils t'nhuKoo live times. 
Suhgenus II. EU.· .. !STUCA (rriseb. 
EufeM:UCiI Griseb. Spit,. FI. Rumcl. 2: 4:!2. I Mol. 
Perennial~, often (tensely tufted; statueU:-I and ~tigmal" p rojecting during anthesis: 
stigmas plumose, the branches toothed , hilat.eral. 
Ut Feetuca rubra 1.. 
JiUt-uca rubm L. Sp. PI. 1 : 74. 175;{. " UalJitat in };nropae pratis si(~cis." 
Fest.uca ,.'rtllir.olft RydlJ. Mem. ~. Y. Bot. (iard. 1: Si . 1"00. Type in the Her­
barium of the New York Botani('al (iarden ; a linplicatl.> in the National Herbarium, 
ooUectel1 at SHYer How, Montana, lIy Rydl~rg (nn. 210M). 
m :&'·RIPTII)N . 
Stems from elongated (l r ijOJlletimes short creeping root@Wcks, in the latter case 
somewhat tufted; cllluuot t!rect, \'ery smooth, 40 to no CIll. high, 3 or 4-jointeo; ",he:tths 
\'ery fmlUoth, I'lilorrer than the intel'nod~il; 1 iKU Ie f'leariolls. short and trull(~ate; llia..:les 
• • 
ver~' fo!lIIooth, Holt, the ha.-;al Hill'S looedy ill\'olutt", those of t hl! cuhll typkally fiat, 
but in American f(lrmA usually folded or in\'ulute; panicle 5 tu 20 cm. long, usually 
contractt..'41 allli narrow ; rays mostly Pl'e( :~ narro ..... , I1CabroufoI 011 tim angles, the lower 
ones usually with a short ba~l\l hrandl ; HpikeletH n:-ually 4 V, 6-flowt-'red, rarely 10-
flowered , lll():-Jtiy 7 to !:) mUl. Jnug, pale green or more Or i l'HH glancous, often purple­
tinged; join~ of the rachilla smooth; gll1lllcS smooth, tht1 lower l·YlL'r\'ed, ~hort.er 
than the 3-nen'ct1 upper one; lemma linear-laneeolatt', ('oovex , obscurely 5-nerved, 
5 to 7 mm, long, !!!mooth or ~brous toward t.he apex , he.1ring a scahrollR awn rarely 
as lon)l;. mmally ahout half ll."f lung. 
Festu<."a rttbra is much It'$ r ich ill 8ubl:lpecies than is 1,: avina, and tht'A~ I!IIb8pecies 
are for the most part bllt ill defined.. Jt nee(~f!8arily re~u1ts, therefore. that under 
the species pmper IIlll st he grouped vlani.'l of HOlllewhat di"el'8e ru.ped. Indeed, it 
may be a more philosophical treatml'nt to n.:t1Ut'e most () f tlw suhsptwiel'l til t.he spe­
cies, instead of keeping them lip as is done by. most F.nropean hotaui",ts. The prob­
lem iH complicated by the fltd. that much o f Ihe Xorth Ameril'an mimI. uiffe~ frorn 
the typical plant of Europe, more Cijpeci'll1y ill the fact that the t:uhn lea\'Cfj tend to 
be involuw rather than fla t, in thiH r('~pect approaching F. J'/lbm tril'/WJllt!lUfI (Dul~ros) 
(;'an<1. ThiH slight differem:t' it-! surely n ot Hufli('icnt, howevl;lr, to justify the erection 
of a. n ew specicH for the Hocky )Ionnbtin fo rm as proposed hy Doctor Rydherg. (~\'en 
were the diameter (:onstant, whkh i:-: not tht' ('asc. 
Put'utt' rubr{J range.>! in ~orth .\llle rit1l :Ilong the AUalltil: st..'1lhuanl {rHln \in-enlalHl 
to Virginia; 011 the Pacific side it i!-l Il\)undallt nlo ng the i'(>'d. ... hon~ fmm AIMka to 
California, and inland to the Ro<~ ky )Iolllltains south as fa r SA Colomelo. 
The specimens referred to as 1<: OI'illu tr(((."h!lphylln Ihwk., F. OI'iwt dll l'illl~Cllla (1...) 
Hack., F. (",iwt burderii Ilat:k., Ji'. (wldhYJllinlt L., and i': /'ul,m trichuphyllo. Gaud. by 
Doctor J:k>al in Grasses of ~orth America , c10arly arc Ft!iil1tCfl. Tllbrn. Of tbt! ~peci ­
men~ referred to P. Tllbra jalltu Hack ., the Anderson specimen is I-'.ol'ina ingrata 
Hack.; the Howell specimen, F. rubra. . 
• 
• 
I'IJ>~:R-N()RTH AMERH:AN KPE()JE" O~' FESTUCA. 21 
The American forme may be recogni1.ed by the following key: 
Spikele~ glabroll~ or mer!:'ly ~{:aherul(JtlI! . 
Blades of the innovations in\-oiute, of the ('1\1111 flat or folded; panicle not densely 
congested . 
Leaves and tumally the epikddf! gn~en . 
Floretfil not proliferou8. • 
Spikeleto; -; tf,) ~ 111111. lon~ .... . .. ..... • .•.. _ ..•. •. ....•• ___ .1'Ubra. 
SpikcJets 10 If) 12 11I1ll . lon~. _ .. _ . _ . . _ . ..• ____ ... j'll1m' UlI'!lWltl.t.ch!l'~' 
Florets proiiferotl8 ___ . __ . __ ...... .. .. .. _____ . _ • .. . _ . . , "I tilr" prol(fl'Tf l. 
Leaves and tlpikeld!o! p:lauee~."t'nt. .....•.. _ .. . _ . . __ .•.• .. .. nlim, !J11l1~("Odt·ff. 
Blades all plane. 
Spikelets green ; JeIlllIlQlol lanceolate _ . . _ ..... _. _ ... __ ... .. . nlbN t t1IUUijfU1'H. 
Blades all involute, rather rigid ; pa nide \"t 'ry jlem~e, 
Leaves green; I'!pikeleU! glalJrous or glalll~omL . . _ . .....•. _ .I'uhm dt'nRituJcuitt. 
Leaves and spikeJets vcry ~lanCilUs ....•....... _ .. ..... __ .. . 1'It1ITa pru'IJwxr r. 
Spikelets puhesl:ent with !;hort haiN!. __ ...... __ . . ____ _ ... _. ____ . -'If/Jra kitaibtliana. 
Spikelets villoua, often :-tomewhat wooll y __ . __ . . ______ . • .... __ .•. . t1Lbru lanugi1losrI. 
1:1a, Festuca rubra megastachys GaUl] . 
Fe.ttt«:a rubra megaAtaCh!l8 (laIUJ. FI. lleh-_ 1: 2Si. 1828. Type from ~wit.zerlan(l. 
Fe.~t1tca rubm dil'ernjitiia. f ialljl. up. (·it. t~. T."Jlt, from ~witzt>rlalld . 
Felllu(~a oregon(/. Vasey, Rot. tiaz. 2: 121). IHi;. Typ€'! spt'eimen in the Kational 
Herbarium from Oregoll, 
Pelll lu-a rulm l grand,tlurf, Ihck. )1011 . 1" c:4. l:m. 1M2. Based on F'. rlJlim tli t'f'Fllifolia 
Gaud, 
The fonowing specilllens liW referre11Iu'n:: 
CA~AUA : 
Point ~t!che, Gaspe, .~[(lr'mm :H. 
NEW JERSEY: 
Absecum, Common ... IX-I) . 
• 
ALAHK .... : 
A ttah Island, .1far-O'II/I :!2x06, 
BRITIAH COLUlI:81 .... : 
Nanaimo, j\fUCOH?t 296R2. 
W ASFlINRTO:S: 
Kliekitat Cotlnt~', SttJ.-;-u(/,'f 11-10. 
Klit'kitat Hiw'r, SlIki!dm/ 11-17 . 
Olh:oox: 
Ha1l\' i~ J~lanll , Jhm'l'U, JUII~ ~ 1;., JM2. 
ISh. Festuca. rubra prolifera. !-mh!1lp, nov. 
The plant of the Whitt~ :\IllIlIltai nA wlddl has heml I'd{~ rrcd to 1". (J!'imt ?'il'i/Xfnt I .. i!ol 
ill reality a viviparons iorm or ~tatt~ of J'~ (llIml., difft'rilll! (miy in it:-l viviparons spike­
lets. It is ~id to he the Hilly fonn or tilt! plant o('('urrillJ,! ill tht> Whi'tt Muuntallll'l, 
and while properly a ~tat~ rather thall H. :o;nh" l'l('cit'/-,1, ll1ay be n:Ulled a li aoo\'t·. 1t 
~eems f-<urprising that no /-,1illlilar form O(~('nr:-; ill Enrol'''' ' 
The type is a specimen in t.he National llertml'ium L'Ol\edcd on :\lount Wa..';}ling 'ull 
by Pringle ill 1877, 
• 
• 
t:U~TRIUIJTI()N~ }'RO~ THE NAT(uNAr. Hlo~R"ARIUX . 
13('. Fe8tuca rubra glaucodea nom . noy. 
FrSlleU yi(/lIccscf'/t)J Hegcll:!chweiu t\-: H\!(-Jr, Flo ~~·hw4.Jiz . !:Ia. lS-lO. TyVt' loc:ltlity. 
~\\'itzerl&nd. Not F. g/ttU(,~lICt'l'lI Ruth , Xm·. PI. :-:'p. 7:-1 . HtH , IWI' ,... fl1:;un !llaHfb#.·"illl 
I.-ink, lIort. Berol. 2: 266. un:!. 
Fwu.ca T1lbTrl911l" ~'f,'UI Hack. :\[011. Fel"t. 1:~1. lSH:!. 
The following specimens arc rcierrecl here : 
T&!iNE8SEE: 
. NaahviIle, {hlt/ingfl'. 
XnKTIl CA ROI.INA: 
Bnn<.'omhe Count'·, BilimOTI' HtTMrium 184Rb . 
• 
WYOM1S(;: 
Johnl'lOll County, JrifliulIll! ((; (;r~tfiJhs 17i. 
ORIC<ION: 
Mc)linuville, 8I1et,,· 17i1. 
MEXICO : 
• 
Sierra :\[atire, near Colonia Garcia, Tm/'fllCftld «- Rarbl'l' 114. 
J:-ki. Featuca rubra multiflora (Hofflll.) A ~ch . & Grnebn. 
restuca,mult{ffora Hoffm. DeuUlchl. Fl. ~l. 2. 1': i)(). 1800. Type from Germany. 
Pettnco TII OrU lImlt-!ffora Asc:-:h. & (iNl.t'_hn. Syn. )fittelt'ur. FI. 2: 499. 1900 j op. dt. 
Index 4~. 190.'l. 
The following specim€'n., are referred here: 
MAlNE: 
Fort Kent, Fe,-"lmld 21M. 
\VYO)flNn: 
~orth Fork Cleltr Creek, TriUicfl/11! & (,'r~(fith/ll91 , 146, 1:-1';a. 
CAJ.lFORNIA: 
Without locality, KellOflg ({- Jlm:kmI1118. 
Lake Tahoe, llitc!a:ock, July, 1901. 
Bellr Valley, Lemmon 5434. 
W ASIIiSGTON: 
Spangle, SUA-SdOT! 119. 
13e. P'eatuca rubra denBiWicula Hack. fo:nh@p . no\·. 
LeaVeA all involute. SJnont.h, rigi~l, gret~ll; pHni~·lt· ~1t'nl'Ct\, :: tu ft em. long; 8pikelets 
glabrou~, often glau('oul". 
The following A})('cimenfot HNl in t.iU' :\'t\t.lnlla.l JI(·rlmriu111 : 
C.Ulf'OItNIA: 
Cretlccnt Vity, .Ihfl',tJ .t- llluxdull' ;lH:·H (tyve) , ;,9a:l. 
ORE(10S : 
Tillamook Hay, Hml'e1l7·L 
FRANCE: 
Cherhourg-, L. Corhicre, Jun~ 6, 18M. 
13f. Featuca rubra. prninoaa lI:t, ~k . 
FI'JfIIJ.('Q rnnm pruinoJfa Hack. in Rep. Bot. Exchanf.,>'€' Club Brit. 181~8 119. 1884. 
Type specimens from the Isle of Skye. 
Jiestuca rnbruliUoralM Vasey; Beal, Gra.'oJ8eM ~. Am. 2: 007. 1896. Type in herba­
rium Mir.higan AgricultuNl.1 Collegl', t:ol1l..~dt'd at Tillamook Bay, Oregon, hy Howell, 
Hon 8&lld dunt$ by the sea." A duplit'at~ Bpedmen is in the National Herbarium . 
• 
• 
PIPER - NORTH AMERl<1AN HI'ECIES O~· FESTUGA. 23 
The following HpedllL~n8 hayl?' been examined: 
CA LIFOR:SIA: 
Fort BI'&jlg, /JW!I & lJi(l{Cdlt-le 6117. 
Point He,yes Peninsula, lltf r;!1 6811. 
OltBOo:,\; 
Tillamook Bay. 110"...11, .July, 1882 . 
• 
1:{g. Festuca rubra kitaibeliana (!-;t'lmltes) . 
N'R/m:u It{/,rlxlfl' Rdlrank, Prilll . Flo ~ali!lh. oW. liB:!, not L. Ij:)!J. 
P('8"/('(I p/(be.~ceIl3 W illd.; Li Il k, Enlllll. 1: !I1. 1 H21, lIot I'ka; H. & H. Syst. 2: 728. 
1XIi. "In Hl1ngaria," 
.FCJttlfca rubra SUbl:i/lO!l11 :'tIer!.. & Koch ill }{uhlin~, Dt'utsehl. Fl. t:'d. ::J. 1: 654. 1823, 
not J<: dllriuscula. 81t1n,jUUIIII np. ('it. 6-18. 
PCJltU('(f r/llim rilllJ.~(/. )lert. & Ko('ll ill Hi'lhlinl!, Dellt'!dll. FI. ed. a, 1: tiM. 182:~, 
not F (H'illff. l:iUoi'lff. Sdmlcl. Fl. (ienn. 1: :120. IS06 . 
.P'elltllca kit,(ibeliaJl(t SdHlIt. )Ianf. 2: 3H8. 1 H2-1. ~ ew Hame (Jrupo~1 fl)r F pIlIJf:lJf:enll 
WilJd. 
B rolllllx 8e1·tl1ldtlll Presi, ReI. Hacnk. 1: 280. ls:m. Type S IX.'{.'illltm frolll Nootka 
&mnrl, Yan\:Ol1vl:!r bland, mllectetl by Haenke; N (iuplieate in the herba rium of the 
MiSi'lOuri Botallil'ul (iartkll. 
PesttU'lI rufml borhalll 1·1t14: k . :'trUII . Fffit. l :lH. lX82. I~l 0 11 F 1n",.III,11I H4.~hrank. 
f~tl/('« r"bra ptllws<"el'X VNW-Y; Beal, GI"'.t."'SP~ ;\. Arn. 2: 607. JX1Hi. Type in her· 
barium Michig-.m .-\gricnltllral ('oll~c, ("()lIectf:!i1 ill Oregull hy Howell . 
Fulllca ruhra secundl1 fkrihner, Hfop. :\(1). Bot.. (-i-artt 10: :l9. 189H. Bll8CC1 011 Bromu.1 
3eC'ltnl/l". Pr~L 
Thit'l 1Illleh-naruM plant rangl~ in Xorth Ameriea from AJa",ka to vreenland, 
~{)nthward to Ore~n, Wyoming, Ontario, anti );"ew Brunswick . Specimens from 
South Burlington, Vermont ·(.Jones), a.nd .-\n(iO\'er. New Hampshire ( HrigglJ) , are 
probably introduced. Viviparous forms oceur o('casiollally. Some Alaskan speci­
mens haye exceptionally large spikelet.fl nearly 2 ('Ill. long, but otherwise show no 
tlifferen('~. 
l ~ h. Featuca rubra lanuginosa :\-lert. &: KOt~ h . 
Fel1illca dume/QrUlu Rafu. Daum. Holi'lt. Fl. 1: 5-l9. 1 i\-}fJ, !}(It .I.. 17tS:!. 
Ji'estltl'ft arenarh( O~I>e(~k in Rptz. t-'uppl. Prim. F1. :'kan. 1: -l . l~o.=;, not Lam. 1791. 
f"'b!t!U~Cl. rl/bra £lrelHrrit, Fri~, Flo Halland. :!H. I H I H. 
Ftllt-uru 1JilloJm Schweig)!, in Hagen, Chlor. Bnru!o'S. ;:J,,). lK19, not- }'. oriua l )ill(M.(( 
Schrdd. 1806. 
! Fe8Iuc'(t oraria Dum. Ag~)lo!L Belg. lor). 182:-t 
Festll.ca rubra lanugiJiO#.' ~[ert .. & Koch in I{uhling , Ih!utschl. FI. t'fl. ;{. 1: 60')4. 1823. 
" Auf magerm Flugsande am GC8tade deli )(eeres in Hint.erp<.lmule rn und Ostpreuaeen 
(der Kurischen Nehnmg)." 
Festuca bait-jro· Homann, FI. Pomm. 1: f>ti. lK2B. 
}i'estuca 1«7i!lginosa Scheele, Flora 1: 6~. lK4.t. 
Pe.st!lca richardson;, Hook. Fl. Bar. Am. 2: :!.50. lS!O. 
{!OR:-'It" of North "\meriea, collected by Richardson. 
Torrey Herbaria are pmbably clupiicate types. 
Type frolll "t.he . .\rdit~ flea­
~pecimellH ill the liray and 
The Richardson spedmenM are cIuite identical ''lith Arctic EuroP<-'Qu 
and correspond to F. rllhra arWllriu forma arctic{£ Hack. )Ion. Fe;o;t. 1-10. 
framPort Clarence, Alaska, Dodor Yemans, Angui"t,lHM, areioentical. 
collected on 'Lnimak leland, Alaska, by Maconn (22801) are taller and 
the ordinary European plant. 
• f!peClmCn~, 
Slledmens 
o • 
.-.,peclmens 
agree with 
'. 24 OONTR[BVTlONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARWlIl. 
14. P'eetuca. occidentalia Hook. 
Fe3tucaoccideutalis Hook. Fl. Bol'. AliI. 2: 2-49. 1840. "Plains and elevated grounds 
of the Columbia near th~ H~. Dr. Scouler. Douglas." Authentic specimens from 
Hooker are in the Gr~y Herbal'imll. 
FeAttfca omna pol.'lp"~'111fl. Vasey; Beai, (il"dSSes S. A. 2: 5H7. 1896. Type specimen 
in herbarium hfit~hignn Agricultural Coll~t (:ollected in the Ca&..:ade Mountains, 
Oregon, by Howell, ill 18&5. 
n f.lK.; It 1 PT I () f.; • 
Densely tufted and perfectly ~lahrouB lip to the inflorescence; culmM slender, shin­
ing, 50 to 80 em. high, 2-jointooj leaf blades filiform-involute, numeroul':l, bright. green, 
80ft, becoming longit.udinally sulcat.e when dry, 5 to 20 em. long, acute at the yery 
apex; ligule yery small, truneatej Hht-'...ath!! amnoth, very long, but shorter than the 
inti.!MlOdes, in young plant.'! often wholly \:ollcealillg the fltem; pH.llidB loose, 8t1bse~ 
cund, flexuous, H to 20 I~m. IOIlg', qfhm somewhat drooping alHwe; Tay'" Fwabrous Oil 
the sharp 1tnglcs, fK) litary o r the lowest paired and \'ery llnetJ,l1aI; l':lpikelets green, 
oblong, loosely it to ;)"flc)w~rt>d, 6 to 10 10111. long', mostly on slende r stalks, pale 
~ret!II , or rarely purpli~h ; glumClo! Ulletl'",l , v3rh,hle, e\'en on the same plant, usually 
sharply a(~l1te Qr H.t. 'uminate, wmet-ime:; I)htllse or obtusish, the lower 1-nerved, 
~ to 2.5 mm. long, the upper :1-nervro, ahnut one-half longer, hot.1I usually puberll­
lent near the apex and margins; lemma oblolig- lalH'eolate, rather thin in texture, I) 
to 6.5 mm. long, scaherulous toward the apex, Rttenuate into It f!lenl\ er awn ahont 
Hslong; palea linear·lanceolate, aelltif'lh, scahrot18 on the nerves, t.hl' inflexed sides 
meeting in t.he mi(hlle when flattened; ovary hi ~pidulous at "pex. P),ATE VIII. 
This species has been generally misnnderstood, principally owing to the character 
assigned to the glumes of being short, obt.use, anll ciliate. The (Tray Herbarium 
specimens agree perfect.Jy with I looker'H charad~ri7.11t.ioll in this rt'l'!}1(,(·t, a!ol do some 
recent specimens, for example, :K C. Smit.h'8 f.J3tl, N>-.ittlt', Wru-h ington ; MH.coun' f! RIl, 
Burrard Inlet, British Columhia, and Heller'~ ;lU:i2, Jlontesano, Wal'Jhington. Thi!'! 
eharacter is, how~wel'. uureliabh>. most specimens haying longer and mmallyaente 
glllmes. It is a very different plant from the Japanese Festuf'a lhlIlC!fiortl.- Thunb. to 
whieh it wa~ rdcrrell by Thnrher. Thllrl~r'F! d('s<"Tiption in the Botany of Cali­
furnia applies not to H ooker's ~pedes, but to Pe8tww illtlmlata Trill. (F. jonesii 
Y...,y. ) . 
HsJ-Uf'n oC('i'drn(aliJl is an abundant. !o! l't 'Ciea in OI'>E':n woods from British CollllnlJia to 
middle California, and eastward to Montana, Wyoming, and t.he Great Lak~. It is 
alway!'! Ilengely tufted, never showing any trace of rootstocks. 
In Beal's Grasses of North America the spedmens referred to PeRtl/ e(l nl1m& hetero­
l)hylla (Lam.) Hack., and to P. rubr(/. / O) I!/il<(!t( l ( Hegetschw.) Hock. a re all F. occi­
dl'1ltalil! Hook. 
The following are representative spedmens! 
BRITISH COLDIB1A: 
Chilliwack Valley, Jf«c'Oun 26115, 2H112. 
Vi<!t,oria, Jfa('ou)t 171. 
Comox, Macoun 1 n. 
Yale, Macoun 88. 
\V ASflINGTO:'<J: 
Blue Mountains, Ilorner 561. 
Cascade Mountalm~, Vasey in lR8{l. 
Olympia, ITenrip.THt)H 2198,2177. 
Seattle, Piper 834. 
Mount Rainier, Piper 850. 
Ni"lually Valley, AIkn 1\0. 
Grays Harbor, Lamb 1128. 
" , 
• 
• 
Conti'. Nd. Herb, Vol. X. 
I i: 
r 
I ' 
"\ \ 
, i! 
, 
, 
, 
/ \ t\·.\ 
Ii :, \ 
I \ I~ 
i ~ , \ ' 
, 
I 
" 
, 
F ESTUCA OCCtDEN TALIS H OOK. 
PLATE VIII. 
, 
",,-:.c· 
. . ~.\ 
, , 
, , 
,,' 
, .' \ ' ,,~:. , 
I'" , . I '. ' 
.' !." ." 
. . " .-, ... . 
• 
I 
I 
1'11'ERt-NORTH AMERICAN 81'EClEB OF FEBTUCA • 
• 
,V .'''111:0;1 ;TO :ot-Conti n ned . 
Rock Creek, 8pokane County, ..... ·u.l'sdm:f 1141. 
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1917. 
'\Ion~no. HeUer ::t9:l2. 
OHE(;ON : 
Without locality. Holl iHl. 
Portland, Iftwtll 15. 
Wllllfl\nl )Ionntainfo:, GU8 ic/..' :ttll. 
BIlle )Jol1l1tainlol, 8herr-(' 11582, IHO!}, Wi6. 
e" T.JFOR!"I .": 
)'1 endf)Ci no County, ])fll '!I MOl. 
:'tIonnt Shasta, Ero/I'u 3i:t 
.:\Iarin Connt\', J)(tllIH'f' 2044 . 
• 
Long Valley, ltf:IIIJ[J[J & 1[(0:(01'11 I nt>, 
Without locality, ,Rolanda 6704 . 
• 
E1 Yolean, lJrmldegee 104. 
ID ... 'Oo: 
Cn.~ur fl' Alene Lake, .SaIH1IJerg, lidIa, &- J[(lcDoll(Jol544 . 
• 
Cedar ){ounta-in , Latah Connty, Piprr :3!l30, lU17. 
Cedar Mountain , l.atah County. IIenderson 2835. 
MONT":" .\: 
Summit, GrijJitj,:I .(. I".0191' 209, 192. 
WYOlll:s-n : 
Nez Pert'eS Creek, SelJJIIJ/ H;lJtj. 
Yellowstone Park, Rollf'Y 18mt 
M1CHI(;''-\:-; : 
Keweenaw County, Frtrln:1l5:~1. 
Thunder Ba~') Wh "et,'r, July IR, IS95. 
25 
EXPLANATIO!'O lit' I'I.AT~.-Drawn from ~908 I'illf'!", \'UIlt:"lIH'r, WII.~hlng!oll . Plrlll! Qllt'· hlll( IUltnrll1 
size: ova.ry 11Ild ~Ugmll" mtlllrgeci It'll timl~,~, "thl'r (It'lllil~ JI\'I' lillJ(~, 
1 f). Festuca ovina I .. 
Fe"tuca o'villa L. Sp. PI. 1: i3. 1 i;'l:J, "Hahitat ill Europae collihllJ4 tlJlridH arillis 
vulgati~sitnum." 
Fe8tuca Qvina {'«[garil! Koch. S.YIl, 2: H12, 1,s:1i. 
Densely tuft~l ; culms t>re<:t, 3-jnintt"1i, mHl'ltly It) to 00 Clil. high , 8IUOuth or ~me­
what SC8brou~ nea r the panidt..·; sheath~ !ollnout)', ~ hort.er t.han t.he internod~; ligule 
very short, I nUll . or le!:ls; blrule~ pah· gret'Il, Htron~I~' involute, finn , narrow , cylin­
dric, scabrou~ nn the ma'1?ins, tht' ha.."!al OIle.'1 fi tn 12 COl, long. thoee of the culm 
often very f'lhort; panicle ('tmlr'.t(·te,) after hlooming', t'ummonly l) to 10 em. long; 
rayB ascend ing, !j(~llrou~ nn thl;'; ltllgle."l; 8pi k elelil (I\'ah! or ohlQng, u~nall y f, to i .. ) In 111. 
long, 3 to 6 or rarely 9-flowert"1I, pale jZreen, or sOlnetimeH pllrplil4h t inged; florets 
ratherdoMP; joints of the raehilhl Htnooth; gluIneH u1w' lual , linear-huwoolatl:!, H.l:ute, 
the lower l-n('T\,cd, ahout Z mill. lonl,r, t1w UJlpl!T :~-Jlt'f\'('d, ahout 2.:; 111111, long; 
lemma lanceoiat.e, thkk and linll, C:OIlVl'X, o"~(:un·ly i)-lIen'eI1, I'lllljlOth or more or 
less scabrous, :~ 10 !l,r; 1IIIlI, IOIlIC. attt'lluatt-' in H. !'eahroll!' awn I 111111, l'lIlg ur 1II0rt'. 
This Bpeciefl in ita typical forlll OJ'CUTS Illltive in ~orth AllIc rim ill the Ho('ky 
Mountains from Alberta to New )lexieo, in tlw Black Hilli"', anel ahout the Great 
Lakes. Through cultivation it is lilore or le&"l eOlllmonly introduced in many locali­
ties. The specimen refelled by Beal, GraBf-!eA N, Am. 2: 600, to F. h.y~triz BoiflJ!. iF! 
true F. ovina. 
• 
• 
.26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIflM. 
Perhaps no other species of grass iI~ 80 polymorphous at! Festuca orina, the Old 
World forms of which have been classified into numerous categorit>s. The North 
American fonnsare far less numerous, anrl may he di~tinguished hy the following key: 
KEY TO THE I'iCBSPECIES 01" FESTCCA OYINA, 
Leaf blad~ firm, t'ylindric or terere even wlum dried. 
Lemmas awned. 
Leaf blades capillary ,:1 to .Ii mill. hroad. 
Plants 20 to 60 em. high; panicle 2 to 12 ('HI. long. 
Lemma." mmally scabrous or pubescent ... _. ____ . ___ ... _. _. ot'ina. 
Lemmas hispidulous ____ ' ..... __________ . __ . _. __ . 01';110 .~ciapld1a. 
Lemmas foli8A.,{,OIlS, the spikelet..;; prolifero\H.; ..... _. _ (Willll I'il'ipara. 
Plants 12 to 30 1'1ll. high; panicle 2 to -1 Cill. long _ .. ___ . _ (lI'irw supii/o. 
Leaf hladeH hroa<it'1' 0.7 to I mm. broad, 7 neryed ....•.•. orina duri1l8cuia. 
Lemmas awnless ...................•.......•................ ovina cap illata. 
Leaf blades smooth, ~reen, soft, becoming longitudinally suit'ate in (lrying. 
Culms 20 to 45 em, high; ~heath~ dosed only at base ..•..... urina pseudovina. 
Culm~ 5 to 10 ('Ill. high; sheaths ('Iosed their whole length or nearly. 
OtilW brachyphylla. 
Leaf blades pale or glauce~cent, firm, usually harshly scabl'ous. 
Sheaths long· persistent on the innovations, becoming brown and papery. 
()/'iJ/a I'(flligera. 
Sheath~ not hecomillg hrown and papery. 
Awns long, nearly equaling the lemma; sheathH not beeoming explanate at 
base . . t •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•..••••••••• __ .• Ol·tlla 11lgra .a. 
Awns short, one·fifth to one·third as long a..'" the lemma; ~heaths becoming 
explanste at base ...... _ ........................... _ . _ 0I'i1l(1 arizonicfl. 
15a. Festuca ovina 8ciaphila (Schur) A~ch. &; Graehn. 
Festuca. sciaphila Schur, Enum. PI. Transs. 787. 1866. "In LauhwiHdcrn bei Her­
mannstadt. Schuler, Piatra-mare l:x'i Krollstadt. a,ooo /. Kalk." 
Festuca ul'ina seiuphila Aseh. & <1raehn. Syn. Mittel(·ur. Fl. 2: 468. 1900; op. cit. 
Index 41. 1903. 
Ji'eilful'a orimL lti8piduiH Hack. 'MOil. F(>st. 87. 1882. ., Transsylvania (Kronstadt), 
Silef'!ia (Hreslau), Am!tria info (Sf. Pijlten)." 
The following specimens ha\'c heen examined: 
NEW YORK: 
Ithaca, CO'/~ille, Jmlt' I:!, 1886. 
()XTARIO: 
Galt, llarioU, no. :!l1H. 
BRITISH COLrMBIA: ' 
Esquimalt, .tlacoon !own:!. 
The la.~t two ar{' in the Herbariulll of the tfeologicaJ aud Natural History Survey 
of Canada. 
15b. Festuca ovina vivipara L. 
Feshtcll ovilla rivipnra L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: lOS. 1762. "Habitat in Alpihus Lap­
poniae, Helvetiae, Seotiae." 
Feiltuca dripara. Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 114. lHOO. This oceun! in ~orth America from 
tireenland and Iceland to Lahrador and Xewfoundlanrl. The plant of the White 
M,?untains heret.oiore referred here is F. rUM(/. prolifera.. 
• 
PJJ'F.R-~ORTH AMERICAN sp~:Cn:R M' ~'F-"T[,CA, 27 
1;)1'. Festuca ovina 8upina (S('bur) Hack. 
Fe:4!u:a ltupilla Schur, Enllill . 1' 1. TraIlJol~. iK4. 1 Ht}t). "Auf Fch~('n Hilt! (;pr(jIJ ~ 41er 
lloehal pen: FogaraSt'f-':\ rpa~er· K l~ r;-; efolorer-Rod naer .:\ I pen, (; limll1crl"t' 11 ieft'r; K 1'011-
stiid t.er A I P{!Il: Butl"'t'tJ'O, K ijfl i~8h.·i II, "alk, HUll yader A I pen, Hetyezat. 6()(H) '-;000 ,." 
Fel:ll.1('(t o,.i!w lIupirHl lIt wk. Hot. C('utralh. 8: -J.Oil . ISS!. 
This :;;'lIilfl peri('S rallgf':-: frolll .ireeulalHl !;ollthwarli to the Whih- ).[onntailll:', lllld 
in the Wl'I"t Ot'('unl frmn Britit)h C"hllllbia ntul Alberta 8f)Ulh ill Ih~ C'u!oIt'allt.'H nn~1 
~i~rm!ol lu California , and in thl' H(~'k i('!'" to "\Timlln . :\pp,are ntly it tloe:-: 1I(,t OtTIir 
in A lalolka. 
This plant hAA hee n W'lIc rall .\' ('oll(m;etl hy .-\ ml'ri('Ali 1,() t~lIl j!"t:-! with 1". ( 11 ';11(1 
bradl!IJ'/'!IIlII, fWIII wili('h it il" ufll;'l1 !o!cparahle \\-ith ,1iHkult.y, 
15d. Festuca ovina duriullcula (, l..) ."(It~h, 
}'/!xittca d!lriu,~('UI(/. L. Sp. 1'1. 1: i4.. 17.'):1. "Ilabitat in EUroPH(' prati:-o I"i.,t'i:o<." 
Ft',~t' I" (f Miwi dUl'jll .. W·H/1l K,,~ :h, :-;'Yll. ,"\I:? 1857. 
Judging frolll ht'rhariulIl IIllt h:!ri,,1 thi~ :<1tb~ p('c i t.~ i:< hut :o'1ll.lrill;.dy illtrudnl'~l in 
.-\Illt~ ril ·a . :\Iol"t I'Pt.' l'illlt-'Il :O<:-:O 1l11IHClt are F. ,.,dm , . 
• 
15e. Festuca ovina capillata ( Lant . J lIa(·k. 
""eslum ('opilla /a Lam. 1"1. Fr, 3: i)~i. 17is, T.vp~ ]o( 'Hlity, Frant'l'. 
Fi:~(-llC(t ferwiJulia Kibth. 1'1. OX"I!. 4.4., 179 .. 1-. Type hWlllity, Oxford. Eugland, 
l,',>stl,l.(."~ Q'I:ina (·apillllfl/. I1<l(:k . R(,I, Ct'lltralh, 8: -lOi). ]1*\ 1. 
Thii'l very distind-appt'arilll-:' stlh>,jp('d('~ i~ illtrodUl'('d ill 11lnny pla.·t'1' in tlw ('a. ... lem 
rnited Statel>:l. 
lilt. Festuea ovina pseudovina Ilal'k . 
l'(>J5l(((,(( (fvi lw. p.,eut/O,.iIlH !hu.:k. Hu t. C~"h":llh . 8: -t05. 11>181. Ilackel' :'! IUtnl~ io 
pr')I)OfoIC(1 for the AUf'trillllj.!ra:o:." nlisl:tkt"'1I il)r trill' F. ,,"illlt L. by HOl'lt, I ;T'um. AUJoIt.r. 
2: pi, 86. 
ThiR sub:!pel~ieH O('('IIrH llativll in ~I)rth Amerka ill th(~ Hn('ky )[olllltailll" of Wyom­
ing, Colorado, and rtah. ~Jle('illl~n!ol fl'om Clarke. JWHUU8. ('olledt-'d hy l:mbach, 
an! probably int.ro(itll:(·(l. 
If>g. Festuca. ovina brachyphylla (~dlUl h'1-' ) . 
Fe!dtu:a ITrl'/'~flJjn R Rr. AI'P. Parry':-! Vo)'. ~lII'PI. 2S9. 1 ~24. Type irClIII :'tI\'l\'iIIt! 
J8lantl . .-\ elliplic'ale ill I_ht' (;ray Ih·rll;,riUIII . 
Ft.":uf'a {mu·!typhll11lf ~t'hllifloa. 'fant. 3: ti-llj. l K:!7. Propo~t' !O( lIew name on aCt.'oulli 
of the older /.: ',rt'I'ifo{iu Muill. Hili. , 
.Fe.~ttu·1f /}/";lIa lm'/'~folilf Jla(·k. B(lt. Ccntl'allJ. 8: -lOH. II'lAI. 
Thi:i RubsppciPH rangf:'H ill ~orth Alllcl'i.'a frolH til(' Ardh: rf:'giol1s southward to 
Labrador, au(l ill tlw Hocky )fountains to Arizona, Ilne! re( ~ur!-l in t.he Sierras of Cali­
fornia; apf»trentlyallHtnt ill the Ca...Q('ades, but present iu the Blue Monntains of 
Oregon. 
151L Featuca ovina. ca.Uigera. n OIll . no\'. 
FeJfttw(t fHllftilyHtilla, flR[IeJ'r ima Hack.; Beal, (;rnf::o«~ )l . Am. 2: fiOt. 1896, not F. 
«sperrima Link, EnUIlI. 2: 270. 18:!:!, Type in the ~nti (Jnlll lI erharium, collected in 
Alizontl. by Rusby (no. 901). 
Planta densely tufted, pale jl,'rcen, 15 to 50 em. hiJ,!;h; !'\h~ 1fl1i I'over(·d at haHe by the 
brown ecarious persistent sheat hs; leaf-h~ades liliforJll. It )lI~i tUtlinally I'll kate, 1 ('a bro u~. 
5 to 15 em. longo, each bearing at its junction with th(' !!!heath a !oIIlIaH callus 011 each 
side; lemma awned; pales h identate. 
12364-0&--3 
• 
• 
28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
The following specimens belong iwrc: 
UTAH: 
AquariuE Plateau, 1.. 1<'. lJ'al'd 502, altitude a,soo m. 
Brigham Peak, .JOlles 5955, altitude :~, 700 JlI. 
ARIZONA: 
Mount A~assiz, Lemmon, September, 1~4. 
White :llountaim:, Griffithx 5;{3S, 52-la. 
Hart's Little Spring, TIfUlf/I',II, .luly 13, 18H2. 
San Francisco Peah, T..ciberg 5957, altitude 2,800 m. 
Without locality, Rll.~h!l901. • 
CALIFORNlA: 
Plumas COllnty, Lelllflu!II 4(;5:-:. 
ti"ji. Festuca ovina ingrata Hack. 
Fesl!lca Ol'l1llt 'ingrata Hac~k.; Beal, C,rasscs ~. Am. 2: 598. 1896. Type specimen in 
the Katianal HerbariulU, collected hy Howell in Oregon. 
N,,~tJw(t o1'ilw c(J!wnhiaua Beal, op. (~iL fiB!). Type ill ] lerhariutIl ::\lichigan Agri­
(,ultural College, puhlished af-! frolll Pullman, \\'ashingtoll, hut really ('ollected in the 
Blue "Mountains of Columhia COllnty, WaHhington, II)' Lake I-llullIull. 
Ji'eslnca 01'ilUl oregona Hack.; Beal, op. (~it. fiHH, not. Ji'/'xtll("(t orfgona Vasey. Type 
in the )l'"ational Herbarium, collected hy Cusick in Oregon (no. 7,1'j3). 
}<hllU'I/ ida'weIlRi.~ Elmer, Hot. (iaz. 36: 5a. 190:~. Type Hpecimens from Smithfol 
Valley, Sho~hone County, Idaho, eolleeted by AbralllH. We have examined a dupli ­
eate in Elmer's herbariulll. The ka\'fH of this ~pecillwn are unusually Hlllooth. 
This hl the "hlue bunch gral'l:-J" of I"tocklllen, and iH an important range grass. It 
occurs from Briti~h Columhia and Alberta south to California and Colomdo. 
It is the American analogue of t.he Old WorM FeMuca odna mlesiaca (Schleich.) 
Koeh, and has Hnmetillles heen rt'ferre(i to the European 1': (Irina sulcata Hack. 
The following are representativl' ('ol1e('tioIlH: 
\VASHIX(lTO~: 
Pullman, Elmer 29B, H20. 
Falcon Valley, ,5'llbdOl:l11-t2. 
Clark Springs, Kreagel' 41, 6~. 
Jl.lount Carlton, Krellget 2-tl. 
OREGOX: 
C" I·n tt J./ . • ,-,. nrlZZ~" 11 e, ,1'/ Ilig _I ). 
Without lo('ality, Cllilick 2507. 
CA l.II<'OUN"1 A: 
Plumas Couuty, Lemmon 46fj:~. 
Highland SpringH, Dal',II 6647 . 
ALHERTA: 
Sheep Mountains, J/omun ]814H. 
BUITISH COLr)IBIA: 
Deer Park, Jlacolln 52. 
MO:XTAKA: 
Spanish Basin, Rydberg & Bessey 3676. 
Lima, Rydberg 2070; Shear 320. 
IDAHO: 
Beaver Canyon, Rydberg 206]; Shear 30.."i. 
• 
Little Potlatch River, &ndherg, lletler, &.- MucDougal45l. 
Viola, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 504. 
J~ake Waha, Heller 3318, 3288. 
PIPER-:o(ORTH A~Jo:RrCAN S I'}:CIES OF FESTUCA. 
,V \'c)~IIX(; : 
Nub Fork, ... Ytds<m 7;46. 
UTAH: 
Crazy \\'OlUaU:ol Cnl,'k, WiUifl,11I827;)]. 
COl.OR, .. no: 
(; bic ken Crt'ek, 1'1'111',11 , 1~'lt"', ,(. B' ll'('j' 34-1. 
Routt County , ('/"Ilm llllf ;.:H 
Yet~ P'l~~, Shl'ttr I'\:tt . 
:-:,llIlh Park, !roll :!!Ir.a. 
. . 
:\r; \' ... u .%. ; 
~ll lllmit Lakt" (,' r~{'ifh.~ ,I'· .l[/J )·i·i~ :iO:{. 
Pine ForeJ4 :Mountailll:l, (,'I'r:rliflix & J/f)I'I·i.~ :?Iil . 
Ii)j, Featuca ovina arizonica ("Ml"t'Y) Haek, 
29 
P ei:lf IH'(( lli'izOllil'H "as(~y , Cuutr. :\'Ht. ((",rb, 1: '2,7, lI·o\jI:t Type !'pet.:imcn ill tl w 
j\'ationnl Herharium, "ollt'd",i I,y :-:, :H. Trn(')' Iwar Flu~'l"ta(f , Ari zona ( no. liN ). 
ft 'xlll('(l {j/' jllll (ui:'m;I·II. lllIt ·k .: Heal , (ira~l'" ~, , \111 . 2 : r)mt l~Uti, Ut><hlt ... ·!'" tlu! 
a'''I\,e tu lo(tll~pt'ciflt' rank . 
J>'f1liilll'(l ""~l~!IOIW Hat·k.; I~'a l , np. dt. ,)01. Type (·ul! t't· tl 'il at Yl'l,a Pa.'(!', ('olofl'u,lo, 
lIy Dr, Ueorge "a!ol{'Y in IHM·L 
FI'.~' UI·" II('a ll/·l'll(( nm'!jlll/ll lIad\.: Bt'al, op. t·it. tiO.), 'fYPI:l from "Coloradu ("dt\ 
l'a",~ ), \':t~t'y, at an altitutle of H,:mO fl'et." 
TIlt' t y P(~ !oI1M:'cimen!,lnf till' \;t1't t\\'o w{'rf' in l'roft'Il!,lor :-: eribllel"~ IwrhariUlII , H,t 'I'll r,l ­
ill)!' to Dod,or Ik'al. TIlt' XatiOlud II('ri mrinlll 1"1>t'('illtt'll:-' :-<lLu\\' tlmt Dodur Ya. ... pr ('111-
ledt. .. 1 I.o th IIrizoniCl.t anti i"!ll'IIfll al "eta l·;ll"i'. Illlt !J.wltlr .B<-al 's tll·St'riptiunl" Wt're 
t.·prt .. i n I r h:t:-:cd 1111 t he I I ri:. 111 i"/f '" l)l 't' j III ('n~ in I hi' c;\~' of /-'o,{w'/I ,~(." 1m!! In I'ffJll'!lfllllt :11)(1 
prHhahly .~, in the (" l."" (If P, ',ifllf '" nl .~I,." If'/(/ , 
F,'xf/f''fIIJl';11lf .tl'i=lm;t'(f n,'ctll'Jo4 in :-:ollllu','u C()lllrac\" .. \ri 1.11llll, anti Xew :\h·xiell. A 
:-:pt'l ~ inU'1l f rOil! Ore<,.!on, II oon'" ( ~ rt ·(,k, { ; i lIiam ( 'nun ty ( f ."il,fI·g 1 ;{j), 8eellls abo n'(l ' r-
ailll' In'rl'. . 
11). Festuca rigescens (l'n'1'I ') KUlllh . 
lJij,lw,IIIH,' '·;.III'IW'>I1.~ Prt'l"li , Ht'liq. J I lll·nl .. 1: :21)0. !l\:{O. " I lab. ill 1lI t) lItalli~ l't'rnyi:w 
huano('t'Cllsi hu~." TypI.' pr,)h~ lli r ill I'n ':"l'~ lH'rh:lri tllH in tilt' ( ' nin'noity IIf I'ragllt ·; 
~ dlll'lit·;U<.> in Hernh:utli ':-: hl·rhnriulII , IIOW in lilt' IKI~~' 'l''l'j"n uf Ihe )li:<"'ollrj Bnhtu­
ic 'al (i:-mlt· ...... 
1'f-xf llf'U, I'i!l('X('(' lOf hUllth , EUIIIII. PI. 1 : ..j.u:t l i'C::1 . Tr;l t\,. i(·t'J04 till' ah()"'t~ til 1·\·:-<t11l'11 . 
The only Xorth Amel'it ·.a ll :-'pt·t·illll'1l W t~ ha\'t ~ 1"1,('11 \\"a .... t ·fllll ·(· t(~ 1 hy ~, M. TI1H'Y "ill 
opell pine w ood"" ..j. mileH llortiu'ul"t of Fla~:-:laff, ,\ ri "':o lUl, ,J Illle, 1887." 
J J E~CIU l"I'l ( 1:-" • 
IJcIlH{·l y tufted , :-:Illoot.h anti glahrou" up to th{, iHnurt·~<:{· t lC'l · ; c ~ ullll~ 2-joi ntcd, h:trd 
nnt11'01i:-:hl·,I , rigid , :lO 10;)0 t·lll. hi~h ; ~ h(>aths f! IILootli . slwrter than the intt.'fuodee, 
tIl(' hl\...;;,1 Hill'S IIltlt'1a ),rn:ult'II~ 1 alul J;ornewhal I' Xl'hUhlh'; ligule nearly obsole te, 
('iJiate; I)latl('S in \'olute, t'y lilllirit', rigid , f!rect, fo: lnfKlth, l'ullk"Cnt at the al~x, Fl to 12 
C' II1. IOllg, I ItI:2 Illill. ill Ilit\lIlt'k~ r ; pmiC'le narrow, e rl'ct, » to ]O ( ' ill , !OJlK:; rnYI1 few~ 
Holitary, ereLl , sparingly bralldH .. 'iI, angled, nearly 1"llIoo th; toIpikelets rather d osel)' 
:~-fl owered, 6 to 7 mm. long ; jo int.-! I)f the rachilla {~y1indric, smooth; 1-\'1ulIle~ thick 
and firm, the lower I-nerved, ncuw, 2 mill. long, the uppe r :{-nel'\,ed, a little lOllgt-lr, 
hoth HCaUrOm! toward the tips ; ICllllllR ovute, thick, eOIl\'t'x.l;olll('what carinate to ward 
tlw a.cllmina~ apex, awnless or very short-awlwtl, !'\('a hrcl\l~ near the tip, 4 to 4 .5 JIlin. 
long, 5-ne rved , the lateral nN\'t.'S d isappearing aho\'~ Iltt· mi(lclle; valea ru! long as 
th(! lemma, obtuse, the nerv(>:>s hi!!pklulo us, 
30 CONTRIBI'TIONR FHOM THE NATIONAl. HEHHAHIT'M. 
ThiH plant is easily distinguh::hallie from lilly of th,' Xorth .\llIerican iorm:'l of 
l;~ oVirUl. Sollie European 8uhspccicf, howeyer. as F. ul'irm ((Igillllill and ,.,. (tl'il/(( 
}HmIllIlWphilll, htl\,(" like the Am{'ri('~· plant, the combination of rigill It-'aw'i' and 
awnlcRs lemmas. It lHay therefore he neel'l'sary til n·tliwt, Ollf plant to ~l1b~pedtk 
rank. 
l'j Festuca viridula Vasey. 
F'1'.~/u('(/ I'irill/lift YaJo;cy, Ill. X. A. tiraSHl'S 2: H:1. IH!l:t Type ill tllP Xatiollal I1t·l'­
barium, eol1edetl ill California hy Boland,'r. 
III the original desl'ription Podol' YaRer gi\"e~ "California" a." th,' hwality for tht' 
8Ix~{'ieK. .-\t that tillle Ill' iUHl hefore him, frolll California, two !'Jlt:'t'i1tlell~ i1'01l1 Boi:ui· 
clel' awl one from Lt'JlIHIOIl, all of whidl Iw labelll'(1 Ff.~tW'1I "i,'iill//" ill hi'! own hawl­
writing, adding in the ('l\l"t' Of.OIlI-' Bolawler l"pedllll>ll a mark nf ,inubt. InasllllU'h 
as part at If'a~t of the a('('olllpallying illll~tmtioll i:-: draWl! frolll a Bolander :-:pe('illlen, 
thl-' OIW :-to marked without lIlark of dnnbt is st·lt'deti:tH typl-'. Thil" :-tpe('illl('1l wa:-t 
recpi "ed from the Til II riwr hl·rharilllll, lahelled H,,~t //('a !/I'fwil! i 1111/ II ook., a lid is don ilt­
If'sS the h:u-:i'! of Doctor YaHt'V's stah'lllt'nt to the pffl·('t that. Thurhl'l' wa . ...: ill error in 
• 
identil'ying the slwcieH in the Rutany of Californill :iH N'II/om f/fftr'ilfil/III Ilook. 
In a later publication II Dodor Va:-:ey eite8 a spt'l'itul:'ll ('ollt'('h'd hy RukHtlorf Oll 
Mount Adams, Wa:-,hiuJ!tnn, H:-, the type, hut this statt.'IlIl'nt i:-t incolllpatible with the 
original def"cription. 
Bolander's specimens prohably lill ('allll:' froUl HUIllillit :-:'tation, ill tilt, ~il'rmH. At 
least the second sredmen ahove Illentione(l i:-: til'hted a:-; ht·ing frolll lhat plat't'. 
IlEHt'klPTI<)S. 
Densely tufted, the eoar:-'t' r()ot~ much interwoH'Il, and thctllft~, therefore, tlitHt'ult 
to ~eparat('; ('ulim; ered, 8lllooth, f'hiny, ;{-jointed, ilO .to 100 (~lll. high; sht'at.hf' 
~Illooth, Htriat.e, shorter than tlw internode:-; ligule W'I')" short, trull('ah'; hlach·f.l 
ered, narrowly lillt'ar, acute at the apex, soit, seabel'ulolJ~ aboye, strictly 7-llef\·t.,tl, 
the ]':·t.--al ones u:-tually illvolntl', to 10 :~O ('tn, long. thol'll' of the ('ulm shorter, flat or 
loosely involute; pan ide loo~e and open, f'Uilefl'('t, 10 to 1;) ('tn, long; my/! faintly 
angled, swollen at base, 8cabron~, the upper solitary, tht' lowt'f in pair:-: and 5 to 8 ('Ill, 
long, hrandlell anll spikclt.>t-hearing Ileal' the tip; spikelet,., ohlong, ;{ to fI-tlowerftl, 
10 to 12 mill. long, pale J!re<'n or more l'ommonly purpll'; joints of the rachilla s(,<lh­
rou!', cylindric, 1 to 2 mill, long; glumes membranolls, s1l\ooth or nearly so, the 
lower lanceolate, l-Ilt'f\'cd, ahout :!,f> llllll, long, the uppt'r tl\'au', Hubat'ute, :l-Iu~r\"t"(l, 
s('arions-margineti; lemma firm, lllcmhranaecolls, keele(1 toward the apex, f)-lIef\'ell, 
ohlong-Ianceolate, a('ute, or /-imllewhat Inuerona~', oftl'n Homl'what dentil'ulate near 
tIl{' apex, !'lIlooth or IH'arly :-to, I-Ihining rather than dull, 6 to 7 mill. long; palea about 
equaling HI(' lemma, ohtllHt', the Ill'rn"t-i ('iliah', 
Ttw ~peeieH iH eOlllmoll in :-tuhalpine meadows in ":a~hington, Oregoll, awl Idaho. 
and ranges ROuth in the Kierras to middle California, 
1 R. Festuca howellii Haek. 
f}stuca hOll'eUii Hack.; Beal, (lr.1SSt'8 N. Am. 2: 501. 1896. Type in IIerhariulll 
?tIiehigan Agricultural Colh>ge, ('()l\ede41 by Thollla.~ lIowell, in the Ill(lUlltain~ at thl' 
head of Dper Creek, .10l;t'pliiIlll COUllty, Oregon, .July 5, 18R7; a dllpli('ate in the 
~ational Herbarium. No other specimens than thusc of the type ('ollectioll are 
known. 
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aContr, Xat. IIerb.l:279. 
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Contr. Nat., Herb. Vol. X. 
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FESTUCA HOWELLU VASEY. 
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PLATE IX. 
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l'1I'ER-NORTH A~n;RICAN Rl'!';CIF.S OF FESTUCA. 31 
II E<;CI! 11'1" 10:'\ . 
Densely tuiterl, with eoari'OC IlIatu~1 1 root~; l'llhn .~ Nl't't or )..('cniClliate at tms<:>, 
;{-joinLcrl, HO to 70 CIll. high; !o!lH'M.thi" I'llllo()th, most ly 8hurter than the intt'rnodefo!j 
lig-uie \'l~ry "hort; hlwh-':-: loo~t'ly ill\'oiute, i'ilining. narn)wiy linear, ~cahrid ahow', 
S to H. CIlI. long, ahout -t III Ill. wid(~. al'ut<' at apex; pallic'ie loo~ and open, ~ to 10 
('HI. lo ng ; IOWN ray:.; ill l'a ir1", tilt· upper i-tolihtry, each pllldllu:o-lwaring Rt ha.. ... tl. 
sllhu.·rd l \ !4(·aIK·rulolli-1, nak('d ht·!nw ; I:Ipik/·id s ohIHII!;, ~ t(J I:! IlUIi. long, -l or 5-flow­
en'd , l'uqtl(·-lillJ:. ... ~I ; joint)!' .. ( till' rllt 'hilla 1'~'Jilldrit ', !«·alM.·ruloll!"l, 1 1II1ll . )Img; J.!)UlIl("fo\ 
hUlI 'eIlJaH', ::lahrou:-: lit Iwarly 1"0, tlH~ )owl'r 1-IH'rn'Cl , :2 10 :\ t1l1l1. lOll!!. thC' uppt,'r 
:~ - lI er\'c~ 1 1 ahoul .j 111111_ 10111-' : Il'1 Hllla lII('mhrullul 'cOU:"'1 1i1lP'.tr-lau('t'olate, 8trl')nl!l~' 
;)-Iler\·t:·d ~ apprt'!":"'f:'(l-hbpidnloll!", Ii ]1l1II. lOll:,!, ath'llllA.tt' inl" a !"trai:,!ht !<t'ahrollH IlWIl 
ahout 2 Illlll. long-; pall'a !lbtU~l-, ahout ('~J1mlillg tilt' Il-Il IllUl, !"Ollll'what :";t'ahflJn~" 
PL.\n; IX. 
1·::(I .. I. ... ~'qTI"S ()~. I'I.ATE,-Tlnn\,u fr ... m ,IIII ,Ih-a", tnJl' from :!11' /lulI'dl. ""IIl'eh'd ill Ilccr Cruek: 
Muuntuhll<, Ort'Kull , l'lllilt olw-half !!IllUml ~i;w : ,!t'lllib mll.,I(nl!i(~ IIi\·\' Uln('~. 
W . Festuca. alta.ica. Trill . 
l eMUCtl ull.,im Trill. ill L : d c h . 1-'1. ,\11 . 1: II!!I. 18:11, .. In 81l Ullllil alpe ad [ontem ti . 
AcjuliH: rari:o! .. illla,' 1 
1'}.~l,II 'f/ "ralm'lIa Torr. ; lIouk. 1-'1. Hor, .\m, 2: 2:-) :..'. ],..;-W. Typt' prohablyat the 
Brili!'lh )IU!'II'IIIU, ('olleete,l ill Ihl' J{""ky .\lulllltaiu:i I,y J)nlllllllOlHI. D\1pli('al e~ of 
the :o!:lllIe are in the Torn'\' 111"r)'arillll1 awl ill the t;ra\' Il erbariulIl. 
• • 
Tht, ilnulIllIowi !"Pt'l'illH'll~ <In' 1Iln~t ]H'urly makh(>1\ in rpcpnt. \',)I1~,{,tioll~ lr~' plltnh:1 
C'IIlCdt~d nil '\[ount .\lhNt, t im't"-", ilY .\11(>11 in IHSI tlnd ISX2, X" rt'{:t'llt. t', ol\t>("Ijml 
i'"l. ' I ' III ~ to ha n ' 1~1l Hlad., ne.1T titl' ' Y)ll' lot"ality . Hu{)kl'r'!f HKurp ~luJw!-l : ~ paniclo 
with a' '(~'lldinll my!", hilt till" (iray IINhar i1lJ1I 1' 1"~ ' illll!ll !" lihuw I"pn>&tiil)1! n'~'~ :18 in 
11l()!"t II t Irt.ht>I'u I tl:tt-eri" I, Th,· 111'1\ r I \' !"Ill'" )11t a 1111 I nfl~l · 1 \' i n \'( Ihlh' I l"}l n'li "rc I i ko "'" iJ-Oe 
• • 
ehanU"t~l'li whil·h ally till' plant til ,tlt'r;nl l'roppr, ralhl' r Ihlln 10 Ihe m o rC' ~l'n hrouf.l 
plallt!lf tilt;' l"llil(>t\ ~tah'!"1 ",hid" h'~WI'\'l'r, it rCl"cmhlt>H in it~ ratheruuIl 8pikcict:!" 
IIK-;('I{ II'T[~):\,. 
DCll!"clr tllill'~l, with Illllllt'rOll!" 11:t.~,t1lt·an' . .;: 1'1111ll~ t."rp.-t, :-'Illoorh or IIparI\- 1'10,2-
• • jc,jnted, :W tl) tMI ('In. IliJ.!'h ; :-,hl~n t h 1' !"triall', ~lllonth or the 1I(11)f;'rllloot t-1t'uhrou:Oo; lij:ul(~ 
n'ry ~hort. ; hl:l,h.·!>1 lno!" t1 ,\' III\'olllh', ~lllonih IIr I"I'ahrllll :oi 'H:'lIpath , t'!-')l(,1 'ialty towar,l 
Ihe al~ 'x . hi:-'I'i.lnlnns " I)< )\'c : " Hnil'le allIl'lt" )OO:<l' alltl 01~1I ,'-'~"f . 10 \I) ttl 1'111. I(m~ ; 
rRy~ 11t l)~f l.\' in Ilain: ill ah""1 I» Y\'rl i~ '('I !", l"'1"lIlh'r, fh 'X IIII UJoI , lIak~~1 h("ln\\' the mid ­
(111'1 hrall('ht'( i ahoH', pnh'ill:lh,-thit:kt'lll',] at "a:«~; :<pikt-!t'f :-l b roadly ohiong', 3 to 
5-f1t1wer~1, I:! to 1;) III Ill. lOll).!, .n"llflwi:.:h-gn'PIl, or !HUn! 1'0111 lIlo111 Y ('opp{'ry or pur­
ph· ; florel !S e!o:-;e, nearly parall"1 Ie) tiw ral'hilla; joint!'! of tht' raehilla (,yiindric.: or 
,!,Iii~lttly t~la\-at{', !"cabrl)u~, :! t'l :1 11)111. IUllg; gillllW:-i 1"]1IC10Ihl ()r :,wahroll!'i n{'~\ r th e 
apt' X, tilt! low('r uhlullg-hIlH·(·olale l o h tu:.:i!"h, l-n~'n't'd, !\ 10 7 mill. IOllg, thl' uppt'r 
I., 'alt.!-hit well III h::, at 'n te, ; -:-IW n · .. d , .~ t ~ J !l ] lilli, 10 III J.!': It ' 111 1 W1 I a rl\'(.'·o la t p-o \-a k , a ttc n lla I (>­
HI'uh', i)-Iwrn''' , fltlt'ly alld d t'n~'.\' ~.w .. broll!", :<"Ult'wltat :ohill.'" , JI) to 1:! mill . long, 
linll- uU'mlJran:wNIII!"'; pal.-.a Hhl"uJ!. I:tIlt:(>II)ale, noll-hl!tI :'It apl!X, the inllt'xt>d !:lides 
lI)nrc Ilta II II .. I i 11:< hroad Il_~ IIII' i "h' t'lIet"'t', t Ill" 11I!n-e~ hi:-:pit ItlIHlI~. 
Thl' ~r .. ,_ .... i(·!'1 rangl'!" til rOllJ.!'h :-:iI lI'ria . a1\(1 in)( orth Am~rit"l\ (){:eunI ill A la .. ~ka, Y Ilk on ~ 
and o n )lolJllt AlIwrtl ltm"ht'('. 
20. F estuca hallii (YH~ey) . 
J[('{iell Iwllii Vasey, Bot. <';az . 6: :?!ltI. ISHI. T)'p~ 1"1M.'t"i1Ul~n ... in the ~ational Her­
hariulIl, {"oli(;'dell in the Rot·ky ~I e 'lIl1taill!", Iatitlltie :190 III ~l 0 , 1).\' /11/1/ & Jf;l rlH)'~f' 
(no, (i2l ), in 181)2. Thl'St' 1'r(.'dmeul-l han~ a narruw !>!trid pallidt" anll <lrc (>\'irlcl1tl.\· 
froll' hh!:h altiluut!~. 
32 CONTRIBUTIONS FRO)! THE NATIONAL HERBARIlIM. 
f'estllcrt 8cnbrdla majOl' ya. ... ~y, Contr. Xat.. Herh. 1: 278. HW:t Type sp('cimf'n in 
the National Herbariulll, eolleeted in Spokane County, "Ta..,hington, by Suksdorf 
(no, 118), .June IB, IH84. Thi:" if.! a lllul'h larger plant than the type of Jldita lHtllii, 
with a larger awl lom~er p~Ulidt'. )'Io!olt of t1w "nited Htah'~ mah-rial i~ quite 
intf'rmediate lIf'tween the two. 
PI'IJlu('(l ('(mJJ)/,Jft)'i.~ Rydh. :\lem, X. Y. not. CianI. 1: ;')/, 11100. Proposes a new 
nallle for the above, on al'count of the oldt'r .F'estocu lWtllll.~ 1/lIIjo)' Ya~ey. which latter, 
however. il'! a t('t'illlit'ally Impllhli~herl. name. 
J)E.<';Cltll'TIO~ • 
Dt'n~ely tuftt~d, the hroad It.'an':'' lltllUerOU8; eulnu! ('ted, 2·joinh·,1, ~Hlooth or seah­
rOIiI-l, !{O to 1)0 ('Ill. high; upper ~IWHth~ ~('ahrout", l'ios<'iy enn~lopillg the :-:km, the 
lowt'r HllIooth, ex{'el'liing' til{' interno(Il'H, {'nlargml a.wl ~()IlH'\\'hal explanate at ba.<:e; 
ligule ~lUall; hlach-H hart! awl Htrongly in\'olute, pale or giall('OIlI-!, 10 to ;)0 or even 50 
('HI. lon,l!', pungently :{Clltt-', mmally "t-'ry !'('ahrolll", the llwal ()lll:'~ dpt'ilIllolls from the 
pe~ist.i ng sheat hI"; paniell' narrow anli mther (·11 )8e, often Hul IHt-'CIlIJ( 1, :3 to 1 ~j CIll .. long, 
rays solit.ary or ill pain~, \'ery Sl'aiJro1l8, usually aseending or appre",spd, RJlikelet­
hearing Ill'ar t.he ('1111, t.lll' longest le:'<8 than half t.he panieil', oitpll I'ulvillatl.'-tliiekeucd 
at ha."l'j spikl'iets ohiong.s to It mm. long, 4 tu t.i-flo\\'('rc(lj glUIIH'S 1llH''Iual, smooth, 
or sl'ubruu8 near the apex, til(' ImH'r lalll'polate, I-uerw'd, i to R 111111. long, the 
upper o,'atc-lull{,polak, :~-Iler\'ell, R to iI mill. lung; lelllma Urlll, 111111, 5-ner\'t;'II. 
kef'lf~d near the apex, d,'ni'ply awl filll'ly i'('abrous, X to 10 Illlll. long. aent!- or ratlH:'r 
abruptly IHlleronau> 411' shnrt-awnt'll; }lall'a allout a.'l Ion).! as nll' lellllna. notched at 
thf' apex, pubescPllt 011 the lIern's, thp intit'xl'd :'<illes murf' than half as hrDlHI afI the 
int.ern('J'\·e. 
Pl'.~tu('(( hallii ran~el'! ifllm Briti~h {'olumbilL to ;\Ortll Dakota, ('ol()rallo. and Wa)'!t­
iu).!ton. We would al~() I'efer hen' twu 1'ilw('il1len~ frol1l Daw)'oll, YUkOll, nalllt,ly, It 
i4. WiliialIl~, .July l:{, IHH!I, and John )[('Clean, llO. S4. 
Th ... spet'it-'H a,>; thus (1t'liInit ... d inclwieH ratht'r (iin-rse-lookill).! material, llUt in the 
light of the Spe(-illlt'H!-lat. hlol.lI(l we ('an HlIggest 110 hl'tt.er (iispositioll. There are good 
reMOllS, intiee(I, for (~I)lJsicl ... ring it. a men' ~uh~peeies of P (tffl/ica. 
t1. Festuca aristulata (Torr.) Ahe:lnwl, 
Hl'omux kllimii. llI'illll1lalwl Torr. Pal~. H. Rep. 4: l.'lj. 1 Hf)Ii. 
Ht'rhariutn, eoHedeli Oil Mark \\~l'St Crpek, {'alifornia, ,\prii 
Bi~elow, 
Type in the Kat.ional 
::0, lH.H, 1", ])1' . .1. M. 
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PI!.~t/ll"l1. c(/l~f()rllh'a \"a.-;ey, ('ontl', Xat. Ih~rh. 1: 2ii. 1,10;9:1. Typp ill til{' Xatiollal 
Hl'rharinm, collected on hillr< about Oakland, California, by Bulanlh'r (no. 1505) in 
1862. 
nF.SCHIPTIO~, 
A ('oar .... o tllftl'd )!raSH with nUIlIPI'O\l1" haHlllpa\"PI"; !'\llIm t'rt'd, f':tont, :?-jointed, about 
60 to I:W "UI. hil,!h. )'triatt" I"eahrous; :-;henthH HOIIH'\\'hat H!'aiJroIlH, often purplif':h, the 
ll)\\'l'r long-p('rl"'i8tiug, the ('ollar <lUll aurit'h~H whitt'-pil():-;t~; 1il,!II1e ciliate, very ~hort; 
lIlatIpH flat 01' involute, hard, densdy lx.'set with lIIilllll!' i'('ar('p]y I'OlIgh gralllllatiullf'l, 
8 to 40 ('III. long, a{'ute at the apex, :! to [) HIIIL. hroatl, illeiineti to ht~ (it'cidl101l8 from 
tht, slH'athH; pall ide ample, usually loosp, 10 tn :10 {'Ill. long; rays I"lt"]J(ler, n:<1I:l.lly 
l'ionguted, ten'te or angled, ~('abrous, in ubout 4 whorlH o( 2 t.o :; {'at-h, pnldllatp­
thkken('u lJa:,jally; Hpikeletl'" 8 to lH mill. long, broadly ohlong, cOlllpre:-;8cd, 1lI0:41y 
il- flowered j joint!'! of the radlilla cy Jindrie, scabrous, 2 to :~ mm, long; glumeR ohlong­
htnccoiat.e, firm, Hmooth, except the senbrouH Illidner\'e, the lower I-nf'f\'ed, about 
5 to 7 nun. long, the upper :l-nervetl, (; to S mm. long; lemma 8 tn 10 1II1lI. long, 
lanceolate, eO!1vcx, firm, 5-nerved, finely awl ('venly !"(:abrolll", a('ullIinat ... or short-
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PU,TE X. 
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Con1r . Nat. HerD .• Vol. X. 
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FESTUCA THURBER I VASE-Yo 
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PLATE XI. 
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PIPJo:R- NORTH A~Jo~RICAN SP)o;('"IF.:=; c)}o' li'lo;STUCA. 33 
aWllcd; palen ahollt a!i long a8 tim Jt~ Ulllla, Ilotdlt ~d at apex, the ner\"e~ hispi4lulul1l'l, 
till' inHexed ~idt'~ one-third a~ hroad RI'I t.he illtt-'rllt'rVl'. (Plate X .) 
This species ranW'!i from mi,ldlt-' ('l\lifnrnia Ilnrtll\nml into On'j.!tHl, hnt only w('i4 
uf the Sierras anll ('a.'4·alit!S. 
EXI·I."NATIOS Ht· "I.ATF. .- llmwlI "rulIl Ih.Wt'II ' ~ lin. :.~; (n.m Ot('glOll nil" 8ohUl,lt·r·s Ct\lifj.rnin 
~1~,<,lml'n!li. Plllut IHd\1rul " i7.('; ~pikell'l m'lIotnijj('ri lIn' tin\l'.~ . 
:!Ia. Festuca ariBtulata pariBhi !-Iulif'p. 110\'. 
:O-:hf'aths anti th~ \owt-'r part of Ihl' I'tem t'lln~r~1 with i'hort rt!trorse pll~(>en t'f': 
It'af hllt,l€'!:! short, 10 t,o 2.5 CIll. IflllJ!. 
)Iill Creek Fall ~. ~an Bernardino :\Iollntain,;, California, l'OIICdt'ti hy~. n. Parit<h 
( no. 5O:~O, type), ,JUllC 20,1001, alltlllo. :!.tOO, .July -I, IHHZ, 
:!:!. Festuca thurberi \'1\:'oIl;'y. 
"I',ottum tlHlrlJt'ri \'alWY in Rothrock, Pn·!. Ht,lt. Botany Ct-'IIt-, Coin. ;xi, lRi.t. Type 
in tlw Xational II t"rl,ariulU, ('oll('d4·d hy JIIIIII \\'011 (no. II,,-tl in SlllItlt Park, 
( '"It,ntd(l. 
I·ortfest/l('oide,~ )l. E. ,Jolles, Pfllt', (:a1. A('a,l. I],:>: i:!4, 18\1!). Type from ::\Iollnt 
Ellen, Henry)Iolilltllin,'ol, rtab. A dnplit'ate ill tllCl S!lliollUi I1t'rharillm, 
/'0(1 k(/il)('1j,.'1i.~ 1\1. E. Jnlle,;, Erytlll'll 4: :~(j, IH!IH, Prt)po~e8 a IH:'W name for the 
at)(we on at'Count of I he o],ll:'r 1'01/ f"illlII"jide~ Lalli . 
• 
II ~::-:CR 11'TIO:-; . 
Den!lely tufted with llumernUI'l narrow ha!lal lea\'cA; ('ulms en'd, harrl, f'('abroul'Il)1' 
I'Illloot.h, 60 to 90 CIIl. high, :{- j4 )iuh'l 1; ~ht'atllf' ~triah' , II:O:IlUlly I'l'ahrou!>I, !lhorter than tim 
illh~ rnodes; Iigult·,'oI !>4{:tLrioll!l, oltlm ];U'tH·'.\t(', :! 104 mill , long, IttK'urn'nt ; hlndt,1'" l'iol"t'ly 
in\'olute, narrowly lill~'ar. H to:.'O ('111. lUll).!, ;u'ute· at "IIt'X , wmally Iw~hly ~,:tbrt)ll!:l; 
pallid~ 10 to I:' ('111 . long, lon:-<t', :-oli;:ht I y Ii rtillpi II:,!: ; myl' :<01 Hary, ()t,t<ll>'inll<t 11 y ill t \\'n~ 
or thrt.. .. ·s:, scabroll!4 nil the all;:h '!>', !>O)lft·atlillg ur as('1!lltling, ('(lIll1l1n!!!), pn!\'illatc at 
haSt', t he longc~t hnli t.o t \Vo-t.h in I,; ar:! lCln~ a~ the pllll ii'll', ~pi kplt-'t -hl'ari Ilg on 1 y 11 11O\'1:' 
the middle; ~Jlikdtlbl ianc€ol<tl.e, :tl:lIt(·, :) to H-Jl"'\'I'rud, ~ to It Illll'). king; joint!'! of 
the raehilla eylindrk, I to 1.5 IIIltl . long:. l"'('a),1' u:o: or neady ~1ll(Jflfh ; J,,dUlll(,1'" 11Il'1II­
brana('eons, smooth o r ~:abrI)Us oil IIII' ket·b, !><1l1)(~IUal , tht, 1H\\Tf I-Ht;>rn"<l,:! 111111 . 
lung, ~tcnte, thl' up]"...:r :1-III' rn,tI, :!.;', 1It111 . IlIlIg, nhftl!><ish; le lllulll \,lIil,lit·. lanl't.'"hHt', 
faintlv .~- nern·d, {'lIn n 'X, rntlll'l' lirll' in kxttllv, lind,' scahrou~ IlI';\!' 111 (' Illall!'ill~ "I' 
• • 
gla.hrou~, elll"pitiate'a(,lllllinatt·: JlIIII·a nearly t'quillillj! the IPllllll:l, (1111011):, oIlIIlS(', 
the nerves s{'ubrolll'l, tlu> infll'xPtl HitleR half as hrunt! M!" lin.> intprnl'r\'p. (PLATE X r.) 
Coion-lllo, Wyolllill),!, aU41 l"lah . 
F. ,'{I'I.ASATJOS O~' I'I .AT t:.-lnuwl\ fr" ,'1 ~11C" i lllen~ , 'o !let'II"l b ~' 1 '''lII m, ·l llh"I'~' )J1 'u \','r (:UIllI'. Cui· 
omdo, J Illy 3. 18'JIj. I'hml " IU:·11>11f 1111111 fit I "h~,' : .)1'111 i) ~ "1\ I .. n:'t.. .. 1 Ii n ' I illll"'. 
~:t Festuca elatior 1.. 
j<~~lIt!lcadl/til)l' L, :-41" PI. 1: i.'), Ji.):t "llaiJi\.ut ill Emopae pnlli:-! fl'l'tilli!""ilJlil'l." 
Fr,~tluxtpr(/tel/.~i.~ 1I11d~on, Fl. .\llj!1. :ti. i7H:!. T.\'P{'lo,:alit~·, ElIlo:lnn,] . 
HRtW'(I lXH1('I)iri,'}< :\li ('hx. Fl. Bor . . \111. 1: 1i7. )S(J:I. " Ilall. a,l ril'a~ Illaritillr:t:-o 
lIumilli~~. I .. aurculii. · ' A fra~lIlt ~ 1I1 ~II tilt' tYPl' i!>< in tilt ' Ttlrn'y I fc rharilHlI . 
F'CJ!tllf'U jlO<tl'Qid,,:t IIIIler;('(Ii/U l'l'n-!. :-;yn. 1: !)4. I~();""), . H~;;& l Oil the lH'eccflinl;. 
Festuca (I mer;m 1/1/ F. (1. Dit·tr, Y !)II~L L\.,x, ( :l;wrt.l1. 3: :J;{:?, BaSl',j Oil the preet!d ing. 
I) F.SC'RI I'TI tJ:-; • 
Loosely tufted, ofton with short ,·rtJl' ping root"\(wk:-o; ('111111:-> !-!lnoolh, ;)() to 120 em, 
high, s mooth llnd g-Iahmns, :l ur -l-joillt(~I, l,rt.'d III' ;!l'uiculatc oul~· "I the \'ery ba."t.' : 
s heath!:! 8horter than tht~ inkrn(lth::-:; li;:nlt' nearly ol)!«Jicte; bladel>' 10 to (j() e lU. lon~, 
34 ('ONTHIHt'TI()N~ i,'H,oM THE :olATIO~AL HRRBARIUM. 
4 tit S mm, wid~, flat., ratht'l' firm, 1"illmoth beneath , s(:~\hrol1i1 ahove, aurictllate_ at 
ha~; panicle t.'red , W to 20 cm. long', ( ~fJntraded after hloomill~. varying froUl 
nearly "iml,ie to mawh hnult'hctl; my~ ill ;; t .. 1i "' I~tl<. rat.JH.'r !;hort, ijCahrOUR on the 
~mJZh'l'!, ~pikc'el·lx·:lrin~ lIt'arly to the ha~' ; tlpikt·h'I:oI uhlong: or hUlt"t'olatt" :1 to l :-l, 
1I:o'IIaily ti or ~t1')\\' t'I'('(I , ~I tu 11111111. Inll}!, I'<llt.' g'rt'CII lit mure (lr it." ...... pnrpli~h; j()illl~ 
uf Uu- rat'hilla 1"'IIIUulh, 1 I_t) 1.;-'111111. lOll/!; ghullC:< I;lIIt~ ~olat(', Ilw lower I to 3-nt'rn'(l. 
abuut :: lIun , lUll!!. tilt' IIppt'r :~ t~1 i)·!wn'cd. ahont " 111111 . lOll/!; It"lllma ohltlllf.{­
laIIl'PI \\att·. ('o riact.'i)tlt;, faintly i)-IH'n'~(l, f'i tn j 111m. 101):,[. ~'Hhri(1 tOWKrtl tlw apt'X, 
till' l'('lIril\tl~ np('x Rl'llti !'lh or rarely ~hnrt-a\\,IlI'11; palea ahonl ~jlUl.linJ! Ihe lemHlIi, 
ohl"Il/l, ~lh:htly Illltdll'd at aJ)('x, tht' lH'r\'t'~ ~('ahrnll~ , th e infit'x ('(l ~illL'R one-third 
R:o hrutHl as the illiernern'. 
Cnlth-Ilte(l all(IIllOre or ll's~ l'!'t.ahli~hl'clthroughollt the ruitt .. ,J ~tll.lt·:-; ancl Houthern 
Canada. 
:?;\a. Festuca elatior arundinacea (:-;(·hreh.") (;plak. 
N'.~/IH'!I 1II'1Il"lilHll'I'11 Schreh. Spil'. Fl. Lip~, i)i. lii!. 
N·.~flH"{f ('{a/ ior Il i'"ndimI('NI Celak. Prod. Fl. BiH,IIl . ;jl. l~U!l . 
Tld:-; ~uh"I",,~/ 'ie~ is rather !'!parilll.dy illt.willi/ ·(·IL II. i~ 11-l.rg'E'r anil <."oal'!'er than 
F dol il1l', lInd j:-; c'() IL\'pniclltly di~tilLglli~hllhl(~ II)' it~ tirm('r thickeT 1('l\\'(':'I, the nBncs 
Itf whidl :IT(' pTlIllIinctlt 011 !loth ~urf:U'(':o' . whilt · in F. d.,l il/r the nern'''' are pTominent 
0111" aht/\· ... . 
• 
:!.J . Featuca. obtuaa 1-'pn·llg. 
• 
l ' I 'x/ III '" 1/ 1111./1 /11 Sprcn)!. FI. lIal. '1:",1., :H . 1&1; ••• E. Pc nu:-:yl \"l\nia . 'Inhlcnh." 
Xu, 1· ;· .~' fl(·11 Ilf/l,,,,.>{ ,\foelll'll, ~Ielh. I!II. I'H·t 
j ';'.-;lff l"l( "I, I II.~II ~prt 'ng. Ir .... cit. ;, E. I'cIlII:-)' l n lllin, :'Ilnhh'nh." 111 ~Inhlt'nherg ' s 
1I~'rharhlll1 ill t1w Phi1:\,klphia A('ad(·IIl.\' of l'd(,IWI':- ar~ ' !o'llI'('illH'IlS iI,hdt,t\ ,.."x/",.o 
"111""11, <11111 ""·"" ,,/'1/ x!"I"III;m 1!'''II.~(f. Appart'lltly hoth tlH'~C lln~ herhHTiulIl IIalll(':- of 
:'Ill1hh'IlII('rj!, whi/·h Wt'n' lir:-t puhlishpd hy Spr~Il)!1'1. Bl>th tlH-':<l;' "'1"'eilllt'IlS an' 
1·lcarly )'t'it'l'ahl" to tilt' l'lJllllllOli 1':l1"tern plant which ha . ..: :-:n 11m).!' gOIJt' lllllIer till' 
!llTlllt! oj l'hlll(~fI 111111111$. 
/>i 'll/III'" 1I1111f II X pI/I w:/I·i.~ :'Ifllh I. t i ntlil. Hki. 1 S I ,. Frlllll)1 \I IT len ht'rg'Fi hrid descri}l-
tiOll thi1" j!':i JlII,ft·1\" a iOl'l1l of ,.., 1,1,ltI.~11. It C',UI !'wan'(,l\" ilt' j ' ;'lllm'(l IIlIflrlii to whieh 
• • • 
Wood f l rei('rrl~d it. Till'I"{' i:-: IlHthill).!' so lallt,It'd in l\Inhlt'JJhl~ rg's Ih'rharilllll, 
1'1# 1/1111111/11 I.ink, Elllllll. 1: )o;1i. 1)0;21. Ba:-;c,I Oil I'~''''I/I'f/ ) /llllI ll! Spreng'. 
('111111:0' I·r\..· ... t , -to to l:!O "111 . hi).!h , }!I:lhrun:- (Ir !"OollldiIlH .. "'R pl1l~ccnt, :: liT -i-jointed: 
:-:11I':\lh:o :< tri:lt l', !-'h"rl.·f thall t1H ~ intf>rnodt's,l!lahr"m' 01' pllh~' 't'nt; li)!ult, vcr)' :-:ltort : 
1,lad(,:-: .l:lrk ~n .. ·tl , flat, In In ;sn tOil I. Inll~ . ... to ; 111111 . will~ ', s lIlnlOLI. IIf ,.c'lhflltl!>l 
h{'IU'l1 tIT , )Ill II'r It 1111 :o'( .;t brou)"! OJ f :-:01 net; II Il':- III I h( 'ru Jt '111 <t ho \'c, tu:U h ', 1-1. It ri. '1I1a I e :t I ha.'"'('; 
pallit'lt' \"t ' ry 1<1111"(', 10 10 : . 10 . '111 , JOIlj.!, .. ftl ' lI IIIIII'C IIr II ~<; foIccund , t ' I't'1·t or hut Hult· 
nod,Jill;':: ; m.\· ~ ill ;{ tl) ;) st'tl'!, Illo/itly ill 1.\\'0:-', puldlh\k al 11a.-;(', :..:t 'Hhroml 011 til(' 
prO/Jlint'lll all)!Il'~, !>Iparillgly brandll'd allil I,parin).! a fp\\" :-pikt' lt ~ ts IH'ar tlU' ewl, al 
Ji~t ('n'd , IIH'1l !!!\,reatiing: spikeh'l~ palt' .!.T('I'Il , laIlCt",hu \..', ;{ to ;')-flo\\·(·rt·,J, rJ lu i 
111111. 1('Il).!; jl,iut.>: of t he radii lIa ('y lind fil' , ).,dahroll:-:. a hnllt :) mm . IUllg: gillme~ ratiH'T 
Ii rm, :-:1'1\ b rid 1111 t he Ill' 1'\' P"', t I H' I u. \\"t'r I ,III' f\' l'd, a hn II t. a III m. lon,1!, t I H' n I'per :J-IIf' n'( 'I I, 
abl)\ll..j lIun. Iml).!'; 1~ll\ll\a ('nria(~t>oll~, ~lllooth, (~on\"t"x, nh]('llg' o\'tth', a('lIte or lll'utish, 
-I- llllJl. IOllg, th(l narro\\' llIarg:in h.,·aiilH'. OhRCliTt'ly fl -ncl' \"\,d, Ilw 1l('t\'C1,( very obscure; 
pah'a !irlll , ('(jllalill}.! the IClllTlIa, W·lIt('. 
VC'flllont, Ontario, and )lillll/'~ota to (i('orgia and 1\'xH:O. 
(j Bot. & Flol". anH. 1M;:!. 
-
COIlIO . Nat. H I/, b. "Vo ', X. 
• , 
I 
, 
, 
I 
~ I 
i 
, , 
I ! I 
I : , 
, 
, 
" , 
i " 
.1 
., , , 
I 
i 
I 
I 
, 
I 
I 
I 
.1\, I . 
, 
I , 
, 
l I 
" i 
---
FESTUCA JOHNSONI VASEY. 
t. , . 
,- \ 
, \ I ' \ I 
" 
, 
, 
, 
'., ..; 
,: II' :'r . 
/1 " 
I , 
\ I 
" • 
i 
I 
. 
, 
PLATE XII. 
" 
, 
, 
• 
. . 
PIPER-SOHTH A~rKH.[CAN SI·EeU:S OF "FESTUCA. 35 
2;'. Festuca. shortii KlilltI .. 
PeMuc;a short;; Kuuth ; ,,', )od, (,Ial;~-book iH-!' '!-IHI. ~n lo('ality dtl:"ll nnd~r 
tht' original very hrief (h'~criplioJl, hut a !'lW('iult'1i ill Short's herharinm in th (l 
Philadelphia .. lcadt;'lIl~· oi .. ':':'( ~ it:'lH'e!' llt'ar:-l til(' Jej.!l'wJ, "Hiu'rell:" of .:\Ipalle COUlIty, 
Kentucky." The type uf \rood i:o; prflhahly ill hi:- hel'i):lriulll pr('scrHl(1 in the Xt·w 
York College of Pharlll:'u',v Il ed lllr-iulIl. 
H 'ld iWll IH~/(IIM .~h ' Jrl ij Benl, (; r;lS:,, ~!" \". c\ Ill. 2: 5S!). 1 891~. Ued U('t'i" al)()H' to HlIb­
~ 1H'dli.· milk . 
Bt>al , I. ("" a."'l",'IIOIl"IIl . 
• • 
I )~: .... nu "TW:-;-. 
Cultll1'i I\() to lzn ('Ill. hi~h , {'n'l~t, J,!'lahroll~, .... lll()()th, :{' j,)inted; flheath~ f'llIooth or 
striat.e, ~llt\)roul', IIllwh ... hurtcr thall till' intf'rnodC'l"; Iilotull~ ,"cry :-;ll1')rt; hla(l~s firm, 
fial, 01' i04 ,lsely involute, J() tn -Ill "III. lOll,!!, :; to i 111111. lJroR(I, ~lIIooth ur nearty 
so l)t"lll('l'lth. :,wahrollt' aho\"t~, :luri('ulah' at ba.w; (lani('\~ I:'red, 10 to 20 ('Ill. long, 
Iwarill).!' luany :--pikl'lt>t~; ray~ in :1 to ;, !"'t't!" , Illo:--tly in twos, :lH~I'"dill-\' or I-Ipr~ad­
in)!, :-l( ';lhmll~ nil tilt-' an:,!!t.·I', ~1.ikdt't · I.H'Hrin}! :tbon' the mit Idle; ~pikt'lt"t:-' pale gret'n, 
uhloll~·l:IIH:t'ol;lIt' , ;-, Itl i mm, Ion,!!, :; to 1)"110\\'1'1"\,,1 ; juiul./" Hf Ihe nu·hilla, ('~· lin· 
dric, smooth; ,l!lml1e;;; firlll, ~ahrt)\I:-: ( ,II t-he nern'l-! Kht)\'e , the lower 1·ner\"(.'tI , -I 
mill , lOll!?, the lIppl·r :~·IU'I"\"l. ..d , i) II till , long; It'lllllnl llhl t)lIg, coriac('ou,,", "'1I1001h , 
ohtu:-lish, "hs{'nn'\y 5'IH'rn'd, .. to ",;j mm, long; plIII:'<l linn, f:'.lllooth, acute, about 
e'l\lalill~ tlw ]('l1l1l1a, 
Thi!" !o!pet'i~r-! rallg('~ frmn I1iinoi:-: and Iowa to G('orgia awl Texas" 
"t' - ,. Festuca versuta HeaL 
I-'f/III1U'(1 l e,f''IIlU \"a.'!('y, fiull. T.)rr. t. 'lull 13: II!., 1r;~I). Type in the Xational 
III~rhariulll , ('olled.t ·e! hy J" I{l' \ '\" ',' hOI! ( no. WIK ), " :-: ha.d~'l-'. uppe r 1.1.111(1." 
"i'lII/fCf! I'(';'su la Beal, (;nl.'!:-:~.'", ':\ . .. \11 1. 2: ilK!I. H i!lf), l'ropo~~ a new name Oil 
ltceount of th e oi,lt'r F le.I"II//II ~tl: \II1. :-""Il, 1'1. (;111111 , :110. 18;');), 
• 0 
.Known ouly froUl T('xas, ther,' ('"lll'dl'fl 1)\" Bllekl!.,\' IImi !,\" H(>n'rl"llOll . 
o • • 
Rtmns I.:!rf:'d, g-labroui'! fir 1"onll'what glau('ous, lIl'arly ('VIII't'1I.it'(1 1J~' till' I'!he:1.t!J~, 
nIl/lilt SO \'111. high, ::·jointi' ,I : ~IH.'II ,II" :;t riate, :-IlwNth ; lig'u1t~ "p_ry ~h"rt; 1,lad\,:>, 
firm, flltt , 20 to :?t) \ ' 111 , I,,"/-! , -I tn Ii 111111 " wiolc>, auril'ulah! at hal"'('. lIP11I"1.'" :<1I,~.th 
IK'H(>8Ih , ~::lhrow; allIIn' : I':m id(' 1.",,..:(,, (·rt.'ct, 1;; tl) It{ (:m. lUll.!:!. 11t":lrly :I:>' itrll .. ,I ; 
T8y~ in:) or -I :-<t' t l', 1' lclldn, 1'IIh"illall' at ha."C and sprt.·adi lljl, ~'all1"()tll"! 1111 111(' an~.des, 
l.>earillj,t a f('\\" hnllH"hld:-: 1l(',1I" 1\11' lip" ; :>'I'ikelets Ohrl)llg-()\"Itlt', glall,'oll:>', :: tn ,-l·liow­
f;:'l'(!d, 1'1 to 11 HllII. IOIlg:; joillt...: O)f th tl rat'llilla eylintiri(', ~lJlt!what :--("<1111'011"':; glnlllt'f! 
nearly g-lnhrouf:', ~Hlhpqllal, tll\l iu\\"(!r l-Ileryell, 5 IIlIlI. IOIl,l!, till' tipper ::'lI t' r\"eci, 6 
111111. \mlg; lemma ()blollg·lallt~\~()lah~, acntt' or apparently Rt'lllllillatt', ("oria( 't'ou~ , 
I'IllIooth or m:arly ~(), glalll"oul", faintly n-m'rvl'd, 6 to i min. long; paip:l firm, a('ute, 
shout l'qllalillg the lellltnH. 
or 
-, . Festuea john80ni (Vast'\'). 
N'M IIf"a "utfflP1.iolmSQll i \ . ast'y , ( ·onll'. X al. III'rh. 2: fi"~" 1 !5H-I , Type in t Iw ~ atiolla I 
Herharium, ('o IlL'Cted nt JIllrri :"I)11 ( ' it",", Tl'x" ill 18:%, hy )11'. J ollll~)Jl. Xo other 
specim l.:! lIs ha\"e been !-'t'('II" 
('Ullth:! ~tout, erect, Hmf)oth , Iwarl,\" ('ol\('('al<,11 I).," t.il(· ~ht'ltth:-:l niJout tlO CIlI. higb; 
!-:Ihcath!-1 !:ltriate, sparsl'iy puberult.'III; lig-ule w'ry l"lio'"t; hlutit;'i"; fiat, ratlwr thkk , 
a('lIminatc, 20 to 30 ('111. lUllg'. Ii tn 10 mill. wi. It" :" ( 'ahr,,"~ 011 hoth ~ide8, snri('lllut(' 
at i.nu:Ie; panicle loose, cr~:t. 10 to tr. ('III. long ; rays in 3 to 5 ::;dl", IlH.M'!t\y in two~. 
, 
-
36 CONTRIBUTIONS ~'ROM THE NATIONAL HERBARll'M, 
Hlendcr, flCabrou~ on the angleil, flexuoul-l, ll8Cendingo. Slparillgly hrant·hed , 8pikelet~ 
bearing above the middle, ~'arel'ly pili dilate at ha~; epihlf>b- green, 2 or :~-flowered. 
5 to 7 mill. long; jllint.~of the raehilln Hhort, ~Ill oot.h; glulllef! /irlll, s("!lbronf3 all over, 
the lower l-Iwrvt'(! , -I to 5 mm. iOIlj.!, the IIp~r :-l-Il{'I'\,(\((, ;'} to (j 111111 . long; If"mlll» 
lanceoiah.."'-Ohlong, at'ute or appan·ntly a(,llmiuah~, i'l-nern!(.I, t'oriaceoll!:', Slllooth 
except the 81.'ahri,l apex, ahont;) IIIIU. lOll).!; pall'a Hearly eqnaling tht' lemma, firm, 
acutt'. ( PL.\TB XII.) 
t:XPU,S"TIOS ,)J' l 'i,.\TF. .-IJnlWIl fmlll I~'pe l<IM"C'inwll , "hUll ollt~httU n,IIII.,. 1 l'hw: .lehl.iI!I 
enlarf(t'1l fh'c ,Hn.m('Il' r.- . 
:!K Festuca subuliftora Scribner. 
N 'xiU('ll .~ "/july/tll '" ~kriIJl\tll' in lTI\ClIIlIl, Car. Can. PI. 0: :m6. IRoo. TnM! c~ lnet'ted 
at (ioI4h4 rl'arn, . \ ' !l.lwot1vt>r lslanel, lIy :\lat'OIIll (no. j ) . It. wu." in the herbariullI 
of Profl's!;or Ht-rihnt~ l', JoIincc destroYl'd. A duplicate in tlH~ ilt'rharilllll of the <.ieoio,l!­
ieal and ;-:atural Hi:.oi.on ::::ur\'ev 01 CllIlada. has been l'xluuinpd. 
• • 
Fe~4U't1 IIml,iytlt, Vasey, COlltr. :\'at . IIt·rh. 1: tii. 1~!.;t Tn)o in the NatiolUll 
Herbarium, mlleded bv Th o:-:. lJowell in Oregon in ll-iHI. 
. . 
H.~f" ('1 1 dl'llfi('lI{ala Beal, (i ra."'!4l'!'l X. Am. 2; 5~9. 18H6. (,han~l"io! liH.llle of aUoY<' on 
aeeount .)£ the carlier Fell/w'lf ambi!l'ltl. I.e (~all .!1 
ODICRIPTIOS. 
Culm:! l'rt'd, rather 8Icnd~r, siriate, glabruu~, tiO to 90 "Ill. hi~h. ~ or 4-jointedi 
hasal leave!; fe_w, thru;c of tilt, I'UilllR :! ur 4; io!heath io! shorter thall the illternt)llt'El, 
r4ril\t4..' , Hparnt'ly hispitiulouR; li,l.!Ule vcry "hort, dliah~; IIlatle:; ~T('CIl, mtllt ~r BOft, 
flat ur IOOl'ely involutp, glahrous bcnl~ll t.h, hinmtuiotls l.dJo\'e, 10 to 20 em. inng, 3 to 
6 mill . hroad, acute Nt the apex; punk-Ie very I()(J~(', IIt'S IIOl11'!, sc"Jllwwhat t lroopill~, 
10 tn 10 (~IH . IHllg; rays 8lender, solitary or rarely ill twos, S(:ahrou!J Oil the angl~, 
pllldllah' at hH~, the longest about half 11..'1 lon~ a~ th ~ panide, naked below the 
mitlclle; H"ikelel~ pale green or purJlli~h, lon~t'ly ;~ or 4-fI0\\'()r(,d, A to 12 mill. long; 
joints of the rllt'hilla hil'l"lItc; l.duUlt!!; subulatl), J.!:lahrou:", l'He'h I -III-"I'\'e<1, the I"wer 
ahnut ;) mm., the "llfll'r -I 111111 . Inll~; lemma Iamceulatt', ;~Hll'rn,~l , ~( 'abrou~ tHWttrll 
t.he apex, kl'eh!ll half way or ilion', li to R mill. lOll!!. tipped wit Ii a more or 1t:'!'fI 
ftexuoll!,! awn It) to 15 mill , long, abt'ul'tly narrowed at ha:-:l' int u a hi8pill tllhular 
~trLl('turo P-IJdrclillg the raellilla, whidl aprarclllly ~li8Hrli('lIll1tl'~ Imllwl\y IIt'twl't' n 
the HOrt, t,,,,; palen lant'eolate, as long IIi'! t.he lemma, the :"t·:throu;o llern'$ nniting in the 
aeumimlte apex, tlw infl exl,. l 8idc:'I tllle-thir.1 a:'l hrnatl llP- the inH~ rnerH'. tPL.-\·m 
XIII, ) 
A "cry remarkable I"I)('Cies, l~~ill):: a IorIO o f lemma peculiar to it:<elf. The 
stipitatc ilaseuf tlw iculllUt.llJight lK~ttc r "et'flIJ l!liderella .!OWIIWRI1\ elongatiun of the 
ealllls, ~lUrrollnding and hCt:Olllill~ growll to ttH,~ r:l('hilla, whidl ha~ Iikewl~e become 
t'longatcd 1'0 that the joint is 8till at the ha. ..... ! ni ttw l'H Hu~. Thi ~ ('Onceptlo11 makes 
lIIore apparent the relatiun of thl' ptAUt t" P. xlI /llth" II . 
The following 8pe('imellR belong 10 this IlltU'h-('onf1l8ed ~r"-,l'ies: 
'· :\~('(H"\"Im ISLASII: 
Without IOl~l-I.li ty , FletdlCr, .'"IU' 16, I ~. 
\\' ASII !:I/(;'I'O=": 
Han JURIl County, JI~lIdel'.~()11 2197, 
Seattle, Piper in I~AfI. 
)loni.esano, Heller a!1!l8. 
Olympia, lIenda,~Q )t 21 iV. 
OREGO:': 
Astoria, Pil>cr 6455. 
Portland, SIllMan 10479, 
Witho1lt lot-ality, Howell, June, 1886. 
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1/ Flo )IoriJihan nL 1M2. 
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FESTUCA SUBULIFLORA SCRIBNER. 
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PLATE XIII, 
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F£ST UCA ELMERI SeRISN. &. ME.RR. 
PL.A.TE XIV. 
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P1P~:R·--NORTH A:ln:RICAN SPECIES OF ~'ESTUCA, 37 
C.\ 1.1 FOR=-- I A: 
HUlllhol~lt Hay, C'/wllflla 118-!. 
Crescent. City, ])/1 1'/1.(- mft/It/ute. 
Kneeland, 1I1lmhn\(1t County, Bhmkin.qlu)1 7. 
EtPI.AXATJON OF I'I.An:.-DrnwlI from \\+ ll''''~'if. i'ollt·(·(t-d in OreKQn; plant one-huH 1IIIIIIflli 
~ize : detsils magnified tin' tilnl'.~. 
·~H. Featuca dasyclada IIll(·k. 
N.'lIlu(.'~t t/fl$!lclmin H aek. ; HCl.lJ . ('m8.,!{'S ~ . Am. 2 : (i02. 1896. Thi l' we ll-llI:trke( I 
~pede~ ha.~ hecll t'Olleded ollly hy Dr. C. C. Parry in 1875, tiOmewlll~re ill the Ho(:ky 
)Ioulltaimo, .. in emh, " R(·('nrdill/.t to Bt>al. The type wall tilt:, I:!pecimell ill the 
herbarium of Profe~()r ~(~ rihncr, now (let-'troyed. A duplicate in the Xational 
Herbarium has no lo('ality ~in~n Oil tlw lahel. 
CnlUllf ("rt'd o r ffilll{~wh:lt ~eoiculatc, :ro to ~n (:111 . high, nearly fclmnoth , :l-jointed; 
sheath~ :-:hurte r tlulII the illh~ru~)lh·s, :o: trialc, KJahruus ; lig ule vcry :'Ihort ; bladt!~ JUtr­
row, ~ft, foidt'd, Klahroll!'l, UC ' lI! U, ;) lu I;) 1' 111 , long; )J,:\llic:ic Opt.'ll, (~rL"ct. the ray~ ill 
twos, tbre~, o r four!'!. <-~ iliah' nil !Iw I' rtJlJl int'lit uligle.-.I, 1Il000t1y bralll~hed , a pulvillm! 
at t1Hl Ull.oIC of <-'aeh ray :llld hrat1t~h; ;o.; pikeleti"l pale )In.·en, nblong-lalwt'olah~, ioltl:t'­
stalkecl, !!-Nowered, 6 t.o i 111 Ill, 11"1~: jqint~ of thp rat ~ hillll 1.;' 111111, lOlli!, !'I{'ahroul!; 
giuuws JalH=t~()lat(\ i!lah,'oll.'l, l~xn'pt 011 till' kt'el , tilt> h)\n~r I-Jwf\'p() or faintl y ;.J­
ncr\,t~,l , -I mlO, IOIli!. the lIPI '('r :~' llI'r\'l'cl, ti III III , l<mg; 1t' ll llua. Jallee , ,late, g:rt'ell, 11lt'1 1l­
imlllolll<, ;; -nerved, w) ll wwilat k(-dt~l . :-:t'a "roll~- pnlJl'r\l l en t all ovef tilt:' ha('k, ahnnt H 
IIIIH . lo ng, the apex ddt , 11 )oI('a ltron:o; aWl! :{ 111111 , IOIl~ ari l:l ing ifom Iwt.wPPII tilt-! t.et"I!t ; 
Plllt'R a little ~horter Ihnll lIlt' II ·tullla. "hln~(' al :11H.:'X, .he nern'~ c-,ili;lt~llhrll ll l'. 
:~n. F estuca. elmeri :--l'fihn , & ll errill , 
H#w.'1( e1meri :-leribn. & lfl' rrill , 
Nationa l Herbarium, ('ulll'ekd hy A. 
Califo rni l\. 
Bill I. TnJ'1'. Club 29: -10M, 
II . E. Ehm-r In o. 210 1), at 
J \E~( ' B J J~rl( \:\. 
HlO~. Type ill the 
Loose ly tuftetl. t he Hlt~ll , h~ I' I'uhlll'( ~(I til IOU ('Ill. h iJ!h , 1l1ahl\lU:-:. iaintly ~trinh', 
;i·jointed : joIhe~tthH ~tdllt ( ' , lI t'llr1 y :-tllllOltlh , l" II OI'II'" t.han Ihe intc rnotil.':':; li)!llle ~h(\rl , 
ciliaH'; hlade8 lint o r l oosl')~' illl'IIIII h', llt'a rly J!!;"hroul4 )x-neath , fOt,;thTltlis or pll1.I:':O<­
rent abo,'t', 20 to -10 1'11\ , IUIIJ,!'. tl llr.<\' H( IIH' ('ulm :! t. » oj Hlln , wifh-, till' hartt l mlt;'1" 
narrower; panil'h'l'l 10 to :,?(1 1' 111. 1011)..;', pale jlrPl'n , t()(.~ al1l\ open ; rayl'l !"lpllc lt'r, 
:-lnglt'd, IIIm~tly ill pairl", SlI1UIlt.1t OJ' lH'arly so, plll\'illa~ at bal'le, l'ipikt'ld-I .... uring 
abo\'+! the luiddle; >lJlikelets i to JU 111111. lOIlj.!,;{ or ~-I h)wert'd ; jointl'l of till' nll'hilla 
hii"piduloul'l, 1.5 HUH. IOIlj.!; glt1lJlt~!; unequal, laJH'polatp, glahrolli" or nearly ~U, till,: 
lower i·ncrvcII, :! to ~.il 111111 , IC)ll!Z, the upper :~-J1en·ecl. ;~ tn -l IIlJH. long; ICIlJlllll lall· 
t.'colaw, j.!rec ll [IIHI IlIl·lIIhrIUlOI1.'1, ;l ·lI e r\'~ l . Ii j .() tlJ, JIIIII. IOllg, IIdllutely hi~p!t1nl oll~, 
deft Ilt the apex and heRrin).! fro Ul iH~t Wt'l' ll tilt' }:!hort tc.~th It tot'alm,lll!:! :tWII ~ to X 
1U1II . lo ng ; I'al t>:t lIarrowly )HUi'('olltk, It liLlh- J(lII~t- r 111:10 the IcnmH~, tilt' two ~ ':lhrnill" 
nerve,.: tHt'i,ti III! i II Uti' lU'ullli uah' npt·x, 1I 1t~ ill tll 'x l,, 1 ~id e!'o! \'t'ry n:t rTf,,,, , (1'lall' X I\" , ) 
'I'hi Jo:l rli'rrpctly distilld ' ~!l('c'il'!'O IUl:-; \'\'\'n lllUdl (~nlliu~ed , th ... ·.rt' bt'ill,l! rPItIlYI'olll"ill1'r ­
ahl e material in all the larj.!t-'r lu'rharia, Til\' iollowillg l'Il ~dnwn~ Itl'lolll! In'n': 
U .\I , IYORNIA: 
Menclodllo County, lIol"lIdt'" t)4Ii:J. 
Ukiah, :.\Ielldodllu C(}lIl1ty. J)//I'Y ((~ Jlla.~dtdt! ;')0211 , 
Highland SJlrin}...~ , Lake County, Ow·.'I j~H H. 
Ta.'Nljl:lra 1I0t fo;.l» rin)..~. lllmlc rc), Cuunty, EIIII(' r a;{:!:!, 
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38 CONTRlIlI'TtONS FROM THE NATioNAL H~;HHARIllM, 
(,,\ Llt'OR :\" 1.\ -( '()nt inllell . 
~tanf(,nl \ ' nin'l"l-lit\', ,lfmlllllllt>4tt 
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Wilhont IOl'ality, KdloY!I ((. Jlm:ford 1116.* 
:O:anta ('fll 1., ..Ind"/'ROII ill IRRi. 
:-:anta t'nl Z, .' tndl'J"~()1I in lSRS.* 
:-:an F ra lll' i:-:('o, flo/f/m/a }.')07. 
O:tklancl , 1101011""1", .JIlIlt' 1, 18Hti. 
Tl'mpll't flll, :-:811 l.ni :-, Ohispo ('(111111)', [h1 1'!1 7:)1\4 . 
Lake CUUrlt)', 1fJ,lIIkillx/li/ l N. 
)lar'Yl" dllt· Bllltt '!" , Iff'lb',' .')':)Ht. 
I lIn:I ;(I:\': 
Eig:ht Dolhtr l\l l)lllltaill, .Josepililw County, l'i}Jfr :~,)12. 
The HIH;'~'i IIlPIl:o! ilia .. k ed wit It an 3Rh'ri8k \wr(\ d H'd 1Iy DOl."lllf \' ll~( ~y unllt-r tht, orig­
inal dt'fWril,tion "f 1'~ '}!'1(f'1/ /lIlli/if/I/o, llllt t,he n'RI tYl)(' of that il"n n-fyt\ifferpnt plant. 
EXI'LA~.\TI(O"," ,, ~. (' 1. ,\ 'n :._ fl rltwlL from tHI{' lSpcciruo.:tL :.!tUl nlll"", ('OIl('I·t~t1 nt ~Iunford rnin'f' 
ICily , Culi forain. " !UHt "lI c· tlItH nntnrnl !<ilw: purl:- ~~ HIH rl!:'~'11 tiH' diuI1Wh'r.<, ('xl't'pl th ~' t1 \',lry, whidl 
I ~ ('lIlurgL'11It' l1 11it\lllt'h:' r~. 
:toa. Featuca elmeri lu][urians IIHIIl , IHI\', 
I'hlt/Nt jf) II I',~ii l 'fJ II/I' i'llI Hack.; Beal, I iruxo;clo! K, .\111, 2: i,H:1. l ~f+t;, Thl'! tyre was 
ill the herharium l)f PI'Ofl'Sl'or S{'riIHlI'r, SiJIl'I' Ih'l"tI'oyed hy fin:', A duplil'ak' i:i in 
t.he i\atinnalllel'in\rillUl . It i~ frolll Hall ,l"!:!l' Nl)rlllal &'houl, California, the colleeior 
UJJkJJOWll, 
Typit'al F"-'.'<til(·11 ,·III"'!'; ha:-: a \,pry IO(I;i;t~ pl1 n it"il\ anol :{ or -I-.fiuwt'T't·d I"pik~I~·f~. The 
1:I1IItSIH.'t~i t'i" has a rlllh l' l' ,'10"1' pallidt, awl !i l)r I).fill\\'l'r~l ~pikt'lt't8. The f(J!l uwing 
:-!)tt"' iIlWIl" llrl ' in tht.· :'iational lI<.>rharilllll , 
(' ,\ 1.1 FI IIt :-;: 1 .. \ ; 
H(;m f"rel I ' ll i \"cn-'i I y. t-:lmrr:?I :t~, 2W:t. 
Wil hont t.W8.lil\", NoirHula IiOi:l. 
Without h,t'u lil\". I,PIIIIIII/ll 41)';,-t . 
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TIll' nallle t'tlil/,.,·tl/ ha"i !J('('11 prp\'i()lI~iy llii l.'d rlio; Ff';</uca l/r/wdiIW, ·t" , ('m~("l'f" lIal'k, 
:ll, Festuca gigantea \ 1..1 Yill. 
/ ' . I C' I ' j 1 -- 1-"1 )j'Uj llll,~ !If!/I I/l/C"" t . :~p, . : j /, , ;), " 
H "" 'f l" / !l i!lfI1dl"ll Yill. lIi !'t. 1'1. 1J:lIIph . 
Ff;',.: luc:1. 
'I' j , 11 :-
" Ilsi ,itat ill ElIWlfUI ' l"y lyj...: :-il'(:i:--:," 
2: 110, l is";", 'fran,.,fl''''' IIH' !-' IM ', ~ i l'''' 10 
~tt'lll!-' 1'1'('("\, ~triatl' , J!lahrllll!-',;~ to i)-joinu:d , IHHHtll~' Hearly ('lllH.'C'aled hy the :--:heat.h!'l. 
tiO t~J 120.'111. high ; ~h~,ttth:-:8month or:-<IJ11WwllU.t 1"('nhroll!'; ligule \' l\l'yl"ll o rt, truw'atl'; 
blacll':-< liat, linea r·l :uwt-'olah', 12 to -1-0 l'lIl.i(llIg, 1) to I;) Illlll. hrond , a('1Ih-. pfI)lllillcntly 
allri\ ~111all : al ha~~', d.-trk ~r('('11 ami !Olntloth hl.:HI'al.h , pall'!r and I"lillhtly ro\lglH'llerl 
al",\'p, \' t~ r~" I"l(thmllS Oil till;> lIutrg intl; psnit,lo ohlong-o \'u ill , 10 to -to ~'m , lung, at 
it.'u)!'th 1'pn'lt, liuj.!, :-<ollU' \\' lnl.t dmopill~; rays ~ I (mdl'r. 1I11~lIy ill two~, dOIlj!al l;> , \"t'rr 
~('a h ff 1118 I III 111f.' a 11).:-1 P .... cal' ll pit h ' illa teat, base : Bpi k I ' lets pa It' gWi 'Il, t ,lit. m ,.;·1 a I H't'l ) la h ', 
10 til 1:{ 111111, lUll).!, ,;) In !)·ft o\\"~red; j oi ll tli of the ral'lIilla ('ylinilri(', !l1'a],ro\ll'; glmla'!ol 
\'I'l'y al'ute, glahro1\~, th e lower I-Jwf\'t':tl, !) t il Ii mill IUllg. till' uppe r :~.IH'f\' e(l. 6 to 
i,l) 111111. 11l1l~, lJl'Ollo ly hyalinf"lllargill(\(I ; It-ulIlla ian(,l'olatC', COIl\, C'X , 5·lwrn·tl. 
~pafl-l('ly :-'(':-I.hrolll", l'~IX'cially on the IWf\'C!-! above, i to 0 !lI1ll. long, hidentate at the 
"""n ri olll"l apt'x.IJ('a riu)!lt :-'t"uilrou!I awn tnorctllall twi('(' a"! longu~ it.<:t:!\f; paica ohlllllg­
lal!f't'nlaft' , :i{'n h ' o r :o'olllt'wilat llok lwll at til t' IIp<'X, the Ilef\"es S<'.ahro ll !', tht' intlcxl,tl 
:-i.\lo;.\ hali:l :-< hroad ;' 8 the inte mcn-t>, 
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"9 }-lI'ER-NORTH A~n:RI('AN SPl':CU:S OF FE8TUOA. fJ 
:t!. Festuca fratercula Hupr. 
l- i'iIlwlljratf'rl'lllu Hupr.; FOHn\. )r~x . l'l. 2: l:!·L \l'\!-il , '/ TYP(· ('o ll"('h.'ti .'11 :\lollut 
• )ril'''lha, )1t~Xil·lj. at :J,!")()() tf) ::/lSt) 1lIt'll'rJ:I alli'mit'. II\' • jul.-utti. 
IH::'~ 'It II~I' IO:O; . 
;\ JIIC} .. ~ely tufh·d, glabrous l*ftmnial. ,iO to 9(j ell!. hig-h; sh'lH t:'re!'l~ :-Ill'llIlL'l'. \'('ry 
!"lIIonth uwl :-:hinill/!, wilh:-: nodes; off:.;h()ot~ It'W, ('xlranlJ,!'illai, ratiu,' f :-:ltlll't: :-:JH'ath~ 
SIIII,oth , llJlwh ~horh'r than tin- intt"rnucit''':; li.\.!'ll1t· "Ny short, trllllcah': blades thin, 
lI:tt . "'pn.·luling, linear, It) til:!;' CIIl. '.mg, :{ 10 fi HUll . wil\(·, 'Inile :-01ll1",clI , :-:t'ahroll~ 011 
till- lu:t~ill~. atielluah" <lC'llIl1inale tl) tilt' (~m\"O)lllft· apt:x ; I'ani,'h: :-:1"IIIIt;"f In to I ;) 
C'lIl. 10m!!, Ih'XllOlIl" and I"(JllIt'whal n, ,, ltlillg'; ra,\":'! lIlo . .:!].\, i"olitar,\·. 1"ClIne in pain.:, 
\"t~ry Hit'ndf'r, HeahrOlll'J oil the anglL·~, ui"lltdly llJ";.\I\('iH~d Iwln\\" the middle, tilt' iOIlg'l'1"t. 
10 ,:111. IOIlg', a.'wending, tlower-lwariuJ! ill tilt' Ilppt'r third; ~pik l 'll ' h; ohlong, :3 10 
5· (!owe red , 7 to 1:! mill . long: g'IUlIll '!" IIH'lnhraIlOlI:", grt .. 'tm, the !fI\n'r l-rH'r\'Pll, (!\"att'­
iaJlt 'eolat e, fl.(~nt~ ~, IJ~ tn 2 111111 . hHlg", Jowarihu:-:-llJar).!'incd, Ht:nhrnn!" " II lilt' k(·el; the 
1I1'1 ~'r "hloll!!, ;'-rwrn!d. !"llh:lt'lIte, l"ntri'HlH-I H:1I~ill('iI , :·wahrnui" 1.111 Ihc kt.·t·l ; 1('IIIIlHt 
t) to \lllInl. Ioll .~, :{- lll' r\·l"l. or with :t illl,litional fainl inkrllLl·,J ia tl· nl')'\"p:", lalH1:.'oiatp, 
kel·led tl, the ha:o«·. :'wahr"ui", and ht~Hri llg at :qH'X all aWIl OJi tu :! 111111 . loug: pall'a 
linear-hlUc('oiatl', a( ~ l1t.t~ , :"1'ahroll~ on the Bern':", Ii til Ii.i) 1I111l. IOIlj.!'. the inti('xl'ti 
!'itlt':O< olll'-thini <l:-; hrl.lad a ~ t.lw intcrIlNn:; ap\'x of m 'a ry ohtm3t.' nr l'ltlil r:,!lllHh- untl 
!oI li),!litly hairy, the ~tiJ.;'lIl:l" ratl1t'r "iHanl ; loolil'tllt,~ ohlillue, (·.ntin: .. r hU' iniah', 11 10 
11l1I1! a!O tilt-' onlry ur shurh'r. 
The illilowing f:l r~d Ul(,Il!" Uri' :-!lIlII·what ,lonhtflllly n:fl'rrl~II to thi:-; spe t'ies: 
"\RIZO~A: 
Hin('on )[nu ntaill:-l, Xmll!'!! 1 ii. 
CIII,.(luAno: 
PUg;I~ Pe:tk, Ul/l'l'r I/~, 
Duran)!o, Tlfwdy :~t~:t . 
:1:1. Festuca subulata TrilL 
1'~~II"lca Mfmirlta Trill. ill Bung. ::\I t'rn . .. \cad, :--:t. J't'tl:rto!h. VI. 2: 17:-1, I~;~:!. Type 
from the lleighhorhtMd \If :--:itka. <:o1It'('I, .. 1 I,y 'I(·.rh~n:" , I'n 'Sumah ly it i ~ in t.hl'!"t. 
Pt'h~rl>Ihllrg '\t'''llcmy of !"l' it·llt"t·. ,r~ han' ~'('1I II .. llullu'ntil' SIH!('illlell , hut the 
alllplt~ d~'!ril'tion uc:C'o l'd i"!o'o \\,1 ' " wilh plaut." fromt \lcar tlu' tYPI· I"n tl i,y thal tht'N.· 
it'! Mt 'art:ely room to '1ue~tiol1 tlw idclitity of thl' "p('t'il·:-'. 
j.I·I</Iu:ajuIIPI'Iii Ya~ey, COlltr. ~at. IIl·rh. 1: :!iH. J,lm:t TYJ!t, ill thl' Xutiollal Herha­
rium, colle('\:ecl bv)t. E, Jont':" "in 1'!(>lltlit'rIl {'tah ," hut :'.11'. JOIl('~ I\nt(':-l that the 
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lunllity is really in tilt''' \\'asatt'h :\It:;, , ('ity ('rt,t'k ('anyon . abon· Snit J.dI.h City." 
w,~ ('an tind IlUdunad.(·rs by ",hidl J'~ )',,11''';; 1'tI1i hi' k; 'pl di;.tind from J': "mbui(ftu, 
cn.:n 8..; tI. RulJ:.:Ix..'t ' i,~ . The tWI) tYI ~ l'PIII'iuU'lI!" art' froUl allHo~; t the extrt'lUC8 of t.ht:} 
rall~c of the spct'iefo!. COlltra.-.:t{~1 with the .·\hli"kn :>!11l'('inu'II!o1, the t yl'~ of P. junc/>:ii 
ha.~ ~lightly narrower lea VI'!', and !Ool1l4;'what I"llutllt..'I· :"pikt'II'I!', with it s tit.)r(·ts do~cr 
tog-eUu.'r, alHl the jointl'i of the r:u 'ililill lel"fl s(,abruus. All JUUllIlt'r t)f intergradt"~ 
(lCI'U r , II(H\'~ n!r, and in !>!Udl lllulIhN'l>! thai no 8ati~fadory lint· of I"l.~Jlaf".ttillll ('an ill> 
tlrowu. 
I-;telllH erect, oi.lscu rt'ly !"trialt', ret ror~'ly H('aht~rnl u1J,": . -10 to 120 "Ill . hi)!h, :! to -l­
joint.t~c lj sheathl-! striatt', nt'arly !'Illoolh , elongalt' b\1t ...:horter than tim iutt>rnode!-l; 
ligule H(:arions, abollt I mill. Inng; hla.tlt·~ Ilark green ahnn', paler hCIll'ath , flat, thin, 
10 to) SO em . long, 3 to 10 Inlll. broad , auriculate at ba~e, tl!mally Flharl'ly HI'ahrons on 
holll fl:lcetl, many-nerved , lax alul 81,rt'31Ii nK; panicle vcry loo:-:c IUlll !<C)III~\\' llltt ,Imop­
in~, If; to 40 (~rn . long; rays ill :l to 5 sefJf, mostly in 1\\'('5, all I'ul\'illatt~ at bast', 
• 
• 
-40 C"NTRTHliTION8 ~'ROM '1HE NATIONAl, HERRARIUM. 
~ll:"m'er. fi('Xllf)IJ8, angled, scaurotlf:, iew-luluU'hE!41 a.hove the middle; spikclf"ts pale 
green, sometimeH purplish-tinged, Qhlong-lanceohtte, 3 to fi-tlow (ll'('fl , i to 12 Illln. 
long; joint:-; of the Tlu:hilla eylindrie, usually Cll rn~d, fo;(~abroll!:l. 1 t.) :l mm. long; 
}{lumes aubulate, glahroutl,the lower I-nen'(!d. 2 to :1 III Ill. long, the upper 3-nerved, 
:l to 4 mm, lOll):, cad. Mpar~ely Heahroll::; nt'ar tho apex; iemma giCen, membranaet' ­
OIH-l, nanow1\' lall~eC)lltt t'. :~-ner\"ed, somewhat kePled for it.~ whole Itmgth, scabroul-i 
• 
toward the apex, !) to i mill. long, attenuate into a 1:!('abrolU! ~ll'IHIL'r awn,'; to 20 mill. 
long; pnlt .... RI" Inng a8 the lemma or slightly longt'r, lanccolatc, 3"UtE-, the infiext'fi 
tlidt!H one-thinl as uroafl »-!oj the interne n 'e, the ner\'CR Hl'8.hrouf:. 
The flpecit"l:' rangel'! from southeastern .. \h~ka to northern Vaiifornia, and in the 
R oeky :tlol1ntains to Wyoming and rtah. 
The following "ollectionto: are reprcHentati\'c: 
ALA~K'-\: 
Fo~gy Bay, OnliUe & Kearn!'y 2il72, 
lIowkan, 1~'l'Iw>1 120. 
Cape Fnx, J .. . J. ''viI', July 26,1899. 
fiNl'rlSl1 Cna .c· }lIII .... : 
l!m'('u Charlotte Jf!laJl(I , XCII'('Qmlle, July 24, 1897. 
Ag:a~~iz, .1/111 '0,111 89. 
Chilli\\'a(~k Y!tlley, J[f/co!lt1261U. 
\V MHlI !\li'J'O :-': 
Kli('kitat COUllty, Sllhd()I:f 170. 
&'attl(', Pil'et' 9:1~, 9il7. 
Clallam vHlflty, Elma HilS, 19111. 
mue )Iounta ins, JlOTII(' I' r,.!j!J. 
Clark Fi Jlrin)..~ t Sphkanc ('ounty, "':m lger 38. 
ORJo').iON : 
Wallowa )(oIlIlUtinfl, ('w~ i('k 25(17. 
J';agle Creek, Ouxick 24:H. 
C.\LIFOR:-':IA : 
)IOUItIlIl, WR ruN )Iollntains, f;r({filh fl «: Ihmtn 473. 
11),\110; 
Lakt· Cn'ur ell ~\l f:ne , .'ttwdfwj·U, lll'ller, <t. MaclkJ!lgnl542. 
\\'YIlMI!'i't :; 
,,'I'I"om!', JrilluwIII ~!). 
l"T.\II : 
Ogden, 'l'rflly 363. 
),JONT.\:S .\ ; 
Bozt'msn, SIIIYI'r 465. 
CnlUlllhiu FlllI!:l, Blat/kiuship 1042. 
Suhgonus III. HE~PEROCHI.OA suhgen. no\". 
Perenniall-l, Ile llS(·ly tufted, but pnxlucing Ot'Ca!"ioliul stout ('xtravaginal stolons, 
stigmas elongate, thf': nnmeronatohort branc hCll arifling from all sici('s, simple or !Jut 
little rlentate ; ovary d('"eply suleate lIear t}w III~x anteriorly , spaJ"8(~ly hispidulous 
ahove; earyoJ»iis beaked and bidentate at apex; hilum linear. 
34. Festuca conftnia V ~ey. 
Poal kingii Wats. Bo t. King. Explor. 387, 1Hil. Type in the National Herbarium, . 
f"ollected by WatijOn in the East Humboldt :Mouutaina, Nevada, July, 1868, aititudl', 
M,non red. 
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• , 
, 
, 
, 
! ' 
. ' 
.. 
p\..~\E y ..:"' . 
• 
-.'­
... -. " , . . -. 
\ \ \ 
"Ii 
• 
• 
" 
, 
· 
PIPER:-NORTH A:lfERICAN "P~~C IES OF ~'ESTUCAo 41 
Pes/WII C'()I~ti:ni.i Ya8t·y, Rull. Torr. Cluh, 11: 126. 1RSL Type in the National 
H erbariulJl, eolle(~ te(l by Dr. (i corge Ya8uy at Peull Ciul<.~h , Colorado, altitude 8,000 
ft'et. 
Ft'stura kiugii $cribner, H.~. Dept. Agr. Dh-. • -\grost. Bull. 5: ;{6.189i. Tran!'fcfS 
1'0(11 kingi; 'Vat:';. 
fi-itlltc(I W(liilQllt :\a.'5h in Britt. )Iall_ Ux. 1901. Prol)o~ Il new name for 1'0a.l 
killgii Wat~. all R{'l:Qunt of the ,,1<lI>r F('#,/c(r. killyi!lna Endl. 
Pl.'rt'llllial, pale ~reell, l1!':,1ually ( len~dy tufted, hut o('('al'!ivoally producing stout , 
:'!<:Illy, (·xtravagiual ~tolo lls; culm!>! Stollt , ~triate, glalmJU~, -lO to 100 \'IlL. h illh, IIw1"tly 
t· jl Ii flted ; (-< hent h~ !!Il)oot h , 1"triatt-', about. h1\1 ( a. .. IIIII~ a.~ t he in tCrIIOtIt't!; I igulc ~:aritma , 
dliate 1 to i mm. long; blade!! firm, flat, or loo1't'ly illvoluh~, (:oarsc1r stria te, acute, 
10 to :W l·rn. long, :1 to Ii mill. wiclt· ; pallit·le narrow, l'rt'ct, H to 20 (·m. long; raYH 
s hor t, appfc~d, :<t:tthroul', in f) to 8 Ht'11' of 1 ttl :{ ('8.( '11, floriferou~ m .. trly to the ba . ..:e ; 
spikt ~l et.., rather turgid, :{ to 5-tlowered, fJ to 10 111111 . long; j oint.~ of the rachilla cyliu­
drit', 1 to 2 mm. lOll)!, r'l('ahroll!' on the ba1"ILi half ; glnme~ hrnadl y lanc(~I<.lte . i" UU­
~'arioll :->, nearl ~' !"Illouth, !olhinin~ . the 10\\'('r I-ne rn>tl, ;{ to " .5 III lit . long:, th.· tipper 
:1·nerved, t)lle-half lougpr ; lemma (l \,uh', aCllminate , convex, faintly nerved, l'tahrOUH 
all oVt'r thtl hack, Ji t() H mill. ltm g; palt-'a hroadly lanceolate, ohtu1'!', :-lea!,rulls·dliah' 
un tht~ keel :-o., ~horter than the le lllllla, tht:' illllcx(.oO ~idt'8 oll t.."- thirJ 1\.., hroad 1\1" tIlt' 
intt·rnenc; ovury spar,,&Cly hii-!pidulolls at apex, the stigmsfo; :{ o r .. time!!! as IOIlJi(. 
(Pl.An: X \". ) 
Thi ,.: :->p4.·(·it·s Ol'('Uno ill California, ~e\'lldu , fK)tlth t'a~terll Orf1,!Hn, rtah, W~'oming, 
)h!lltanl.l, tLntl Idaho. 
]·:.\'I 'J.A:SATr(,:-- OF l'LATl:.-J)mwll from ~1'1"'inL\' Zl '·OIlI'I".l1i Oil Stov e I'fIIlrh·, Lnrinwr {'OH lil y. 
(;j.lo ro,lo. by ().slcrhout. JUlie 23, 18'J7: plllDt olll'-IIIt.H IInturol ,: Iz\': (lV,lrr t·nlarged 1('1\ flia.Jlll't t· r", the 
Nher purtl' fI\,l' diaDlet ... n.:. 
:Ha. Festuca conftnis rabioa8. ~t1~p. no\·. 
Lt.'a\'('); narrow, do:-w1r involute ; le!lJ111!l ",hurt·awned. 
Colh'ded on a hrandlof Crazy \VOllllllll' C rcl·k, \\" YOlUillg, at 2, iOO mC~nI altitudl', 
Or \\"illialll~ anfl ( irittHh1'4 ( lin. ;!:; ») July :t, Il'I-!ll't. 
lhlltrt:(t t tlelau:aricft ( Link ) Knnth, Rc\, . (imm. 1: 129. 1820. (1'00 dcbJ:tI;(fri("t( Link , 
H ort. Berni. 1: 1 i4. 182i.) Type from Ih·)llware. E\"i(lmltiy a Piled nelliu. 
Fe.04ucCl.!llabm Spn·ng. ~ysL 1: :{.'):--I. lK:?·t Typt· (rom "LolIg' I~land. AIllN. Bor." 
I'robably a PUt.'CilwIliOi . 
FI'lItllC(t jJxwdudltrhlllcl!lf/ Slew!. SYII. PI. Gram. 312. 1&')-1. Ba1'ictl Oil DrlIIHlllOll\I ' ~ 
398 from Texa~. All unna med varie ty of ttw above i"H 1I14:mtiolwtl, Jlast.·" on Drum­
mond 'K 389, also from Texas. A Hpcdmell o f tilt' I:_Ucr in th('l;ra~' Ih·rbariulIl ill } .... :(. 
fucu ubiusa Spreng. , hilt th i~ hI not l~OIl!'ii"lt'nt with Stcwld 's (It·f'cription. 
P~.~'lIca t('.'('ana ~tetld. ~yll. PI. ('ralll. :~iO. ISo).!. Basc(l 011 Dnlllltn(lnd' loj :tH' front 
OJ' I.'X,iI". 
JI't:J<t llm rillitlOf(l ~tt,tl(1. ~yn: 1'l. linHIl. :jJ:t lSb4, 'fYPl' frortl Lahrttclur. Probably 
F rufmf J ..iluibdi(f./I(/. (~X ('hal'. 
SPECIES EXCLG()ED. 
}htuca aCllt-{ffora BigeL FI. Boat. 3i. = /'(micul(lria aculijfoJ'a. 
}estuclt (lgr08ljden La I'ylaie, l\-(em. Soc. Linn. Par. 4: 421, nom. nud. 
Feslllea «gllatiCt1 Bose; It & R Hy.;t. 2: lil5, as !:iynonym. = J,rptoC'h/ooja6cicularj6. 
Festuca bicorni. Schreb. j Stem!. Nom. uti. 2. 1: 628, as synonym. =l'anicu.lariu 
aculr'tfora. 
o 
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4~ (;ONTRIBU'l'[()NS FI!()~I THE NAT[()NA!, HERBARIDI. 
.Fextw:a borealis ~lert . & K~M.'h in Biihling', IJtmtl'dll. FI. ell. :30 1: I}tH. = (;mphe-
ph"r-um arlllldillltCCum. 
Fl'lI/llea boreoli$lIook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: :!.=)l. = t :rtlJ,hl'J""/I'tllll/eJllllI'lIn ·i/lll. 
f~ 'xluca bTefi./oli(l, :\Iulil. "nllil . 16" = Tr;/,f,/;</;If JIIII'I", o '/I. 
f'f,<:lrWft C(I roliniu lla S t.-Ilii. ~y II. 1'1. (; nUll . :U 2. -= 1'1·i/,/(f1! i.~ p Hr))1f ,',.". I ' X char. 
l 'bet'INt ('CpaCf o Phil. LillnaC'u 33: 2!lj. = Jldi{'({ f " ~/IfIO '11 ~1 ·I·iIHlt'I' . 
f'c*l UC{f. d a 11(1 ,'ift 111(1 :\1 u h I. (i ra III . 1 (12. = J A.'JI'o('}tlon .ti 1 .~I·il·fll "Til<. 
Frxltf (,fI d"",lmlll'w( I.. !-\p. 1'1. 1: if>. = Trimfiu d "/'Ilm/"' IIN. 
"; '81w'" rlillwfrtr ;\1 il'hx. F1. Bor. ;\111. 1: Bi,/If, /0. = j..'UI'!I('(fl'PUi: dif/wlrull Kuntze. 
F'e.'(/.lf('lt ,fix/mill Kuuth, HI'\', GraUl. 1: l:!}I, = 1',,"'·;I/,.(li,/ ./i;</(lIIN. 
F'estlIM distid/l,!}Jhyllll :\Iiehx. Fl. Bar. Am. I:Hi. = 1)i.~/ i"}diJlIf},i(·"frl. 
fhr 1/('.1'1 /wt6 clll (I r iii Lam. T a h. Ell(, yt ,1, 1: I SO. = I .I'j l" wid, ,1/ fI/JI(·i 1'1 II rD' i >I. 
"h4ul'II,Iilijm'//fill Lalli. Tall. 1';lleyt·1. 1: 1111. = f ,f}lf""J,!III/ jJJllI'j·')lHr/,'. 
HII/IU'II.f'ILi /anx 1.. t-'p. PI. 1: ;5. = Hili i"rlll/ria .I'//illll'l" 
Pf'.~l/U'(f !J l'nuditl(Jl'II Lam. 'fa h. En('yd. 1: ~H. =. 1 "// mli /III ,'i" 1I!(fI'I'!J.~jln'J/w fide :'lteu­
del, ~Olll. cd. 2. 1: (\;30. 
FI'X/W'r/ yTllmlilllll'l! LalU. Tah. EUt'yd. 1: WI. = /'t'lrir'o/(/ri(l ol·"lillo/'il. 
"~ 'Ilfll('l l IJwr.ro:,b/I·/ry,t Torr. & (iT. I'al'. H. Rep. 2 ': l;'i, HOIll, BUtl. = Sdl'l'lIjKJfjlJi/ 
lm'. '·if')'ill~, 8hlmiuatt.~ plant, fide I'lJK'('illlCIl in HI·rh. ( ;my, 
N,xt,u~a lllUllU1Q)'a Wult . FI. Ca.r. SI. = IA.'plorh/.It/ 1/1II /'I'OIWIIf, 
H.~«('(, 11i?"9(// '(' Stl·IUI. ~~· n. PI. (inull . :H:l. Thru1I!!h the kio!lnl:"~:; of )lon8. Ray­
montl 1..0 Iky \\'(! lUI.\'\' Fl'/'pin-II !'41111t' ,'vikelt.·hi of Iht· t~l)(' oi this piaul )ltf'*!r\'t~d ill 
the Fllh't'Tl-'ily (Jf Cat.'II . Th .. • ~pC(~i('~ i~ unql1~tiolUlhly I'/H.' t ",it/I" ' /l Pn.~1 ( PUll ylu­
/1/((1';1( Trin.). 
P~JllU('1I IIl'i"I 'Qsa Hook. FI. Hor, "\111 , 2: :!;')I. = H J(( /I('I·I ·(j~U. 
l'h:',u'll! II.lltlullif/l/fl Klluth , l{~ ~\'. Cfralll . 1: 12n. = I'// f'('illelli(l (1 ;ro;(/(,II. 
Fe.~tl"'1/ ()I,fllx~ ffom Willrl.; ~l'r('n~. ~y~1. 1: :~')fi. = 1,I'j,foefl/va d,d,i". 
H.4!f(·(/ l )'1I,lll;tfl('liWt ~Ii('hx. Ff. Bol' .. \ltl . 1: 66. = j,l'jdo('h/ot!fU!wi('!t/urix. 
I 'bl II"" jJrtJ/'l1l11fu'/i/l :\1 II h I. (,ram _ WOo = Leplf)l'hl~1 /rl l<cil'u/f/l·ix. 
'·bl l l (:llpru.~/rllt(/ )[nhl.; Merrill, Di\,. Agrost. Ci r(·. 27: r.. = 1..eplocldlJllfm!t'ieula.ri8. 
f-}~xrw'(( }lltl'p1/.ret/ F. Nl~Wl'lI, ScI. PI. lndn~t. Cnlt . 8K = 1'riJJ/OJ~ix P'1J1Ho·erf.. 
Ft.~,~I/fI'/I, j!l{)'/-mreft ~chreb.; Hteud. ~Olll. ed. 2. 1: fttl. = Tl'iodia (,!I})J'ca. 
F'elltll ('t /, ,t'igi(/(t (L.) Knnth, Re,'. ('mm. 1: l:?n. 1~29. =, ... ·der1j])011 dgid(f. 
HoB/uca IIpieo/a Xutt. U(,I1. 1: i2. = ')i.~ti('hlj8 Jlpil'at,( ex char. 
F"llium IIpica ia Pur.-;h, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 82. = AYl'oJlyr()1t dil'/;rgenll X(·e~. 
Fl:lltW'(J t,·itil·t:1I fAun. Tahl. F.oP.p·l. 1: 190. = f)isU(,/di,. 1I11;,.'((ta . 
Ft'81UC(( trilicoitl(~J! Lam.; R. & So Ry!'lt. 2: flUH. = /Ji,.nfhlig 8piclI/(I . 
F t8lucll1wiolQidtil WHld. Lllum. Ilort. n eru!. 1::l, III . 3. = BrQmu$ Imioloidts. 
Ff.J!tllC« riT!}(Ita Lam. III. 1: lR9. = fA'pl()(:hiOir l·j"9'IIII. 
NOTES ON MEXICAN SPECIES. 
The )lex ican speciL'~ of Ft-'St-ut-'a are t;.:MI poorly knowli alld tHO sparsely represented 
in Ollr hcrharia to }X!rlllit .,f I"atitolfa('tnry treatment at prc."cnt. The followillg noh'li 
gi\'t~ tlllr present knowledge (:(JIl('erlling- thew : 
Festuca octotlora W»ll. 
The following ::\[exican spedmenli ha,'e been C'.\':8I11im!d: 
(';uadalupe Island, Palmer 657. 
Hall!ion'" mnch, Orl'UU, July 9, lSS4. 
fiuadalupe Ranch, Or('uft 1432 in part. 
~all )tartin Island, Anlhou1I214. 
Todos Santos 18lanll, Anthony 195 . 
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o 1-' • .,cc page _. 
c~_. t-, .~ I'mge ~. 
FestucB. octofiora hirtella Piper. 
Festuca pacifica .. iJK· ... 
Festuca myuros L. 
~ear Tolut'a, Stak of :JIexieo, HOSt' & f!<linfl'l' !}i~6 . 
)i Olltlt [zta('ciiLu8tl , n fl/In 22. 
Festuca megalura :"utr. 
Festuca rubra glaucodea Piper. 
:-,ee page 2~. 
Festuca. ovina elliptica ( Beal ) . 
Hstlll'" Hltlpli)l.~im" dlij,tint Beal, (ira~~,:; N. Alii. 2 : 603. 1896. Type c.~ollected in 
the ~ierra )1a1Ire, Chihuahua, hy Pring-Ie (no. 1·t:1~ ) . Alf!O colll'<:tefl in the State of 
Durango, hy Rost! ( 110. 2:iilS). 
ThiM plant h~ closely allied to I·: ()t' ;nfl rrrizonica lIack., differing in its broader, 
i Of,)8t:'ly im'olnte IE'avl.::-:, wilic'h art'l'!\'abrOU8 ai}(we :.m(l smooth bent'atb , and perhap."! 
in a taller habit . Solllt' ~pl ·t·iIllPII~ oi Prill!!lt·' :! J.j;~ arc awnle&t, others are short­
Ilwnt:'<i. 
Festuca bepba.estophila :See8. 
Fe8ittC(/ liephaelltoph ."l(l Xet·~; f',t<~ U(1. l'iyn. PI. (,ram. ;110. 1854. Type Hartweg'l! no. 
621-l from Yol{~an ell' Agona, (;llHtt~lIl:dll. 
Dell~ly tufted , the 11IlIh'rgrouwl}lI,rtioll:O: "i til(' f!t(>lllf! erect or dt·t.:umhen t, den~eJy 
co\'~r"'ll hy the pcrei~tillg- hrowil :-;\ 'a rion~ !"'Iu'athf!; ('uilus erect, 10 t.) 40 em. high, 
Stllooth, 2-jointed ; @h('ntht'\ of tlil' enllH t'lollg-awd, l'x tenfiing- baJfway to the panicl(' 
or tIIu rf', tl lllooth, !!oollwwlwt glaut·uu:; ; ligtlll· wry :oOhurt; bindes ~trai~bt or {'.nr\'~l, 
duwly iJl\'ulute, firm, glaul'f'II:-, ~"· Iltc;u "I"'X, 1"' lil!htly s('abrous 011 tlw IlUtrgin!:l, 2 t .. 
6 ('III . lung; panide l"'I'I)ll', ert.~d , lI,trruW, miUall~' dose, 2 to 5, r.u'\:Jr tot, (' III. lUll!!" ; 
rayH :;lIort, Holilary, ~(~ahrOll" on the IUlJ..dl'~, Jiorifpro\li'l 1Ieal'Iy to t.h!! ha."'l~; i'lpikel!:'t!< 
3 or -I -fiIH·;erl'd, ;) to Ii milL. lOll!!, ~OllH'\\'iwt glaut:oll:-!; joints of the rRchilia eylilldrh ~ ­
cla\'att', nearly ~m()l)th, 1 111111, long- ; gllHlW:< ullcqlUll, !-'lIlooth OJ' :-Ol"ahrou~ nil tlw 
kel.'l~, 8<~ari"u:O!-lIl al"J.!in ('t1, Iht' iowt'r ~1\hl1lah~·triiln).!ular, 1-Ill'rn>(!, :1 tn ;1 tlllll, IOIlj.\", 
tilt' uppt.'r 3-nern>d, mn·ly ;")-ncr\'elI, -I 10 -t5 IlIIU, l'I1I~ ; ICIIIIHIl linn, ('HII\'!:'X, I'aintl y 
1H'f\'t ... l, o\,ate-oblol\ll. a.('ulllilllllc, smooth, ;~ to ') 11)111 , Ifill /.!; pAII:a ,~hlOllg , short(o r 
thllll the lemma, bitld at apex, the uer\'cii I"'( ~ ahrou:- : " ,·ary giabruu!i <It Ilpt'X. 
The fuilowi ng Hpet·j IIlt'nH I H1 \"c bl~ eJ I ex allli 1It'( 1 : 
:\Ioullt Ori za ha, UI'II//I11/W -IOH. 
:\Iount (Iri zaha, 1')"ill(I/.- ,"\.-,:-<s . 
~(>\·adl.\ lh' T"hw:l , l'r i ll!IIt' .. :!:,n . 
lzlll"I'ilmull , t'Il /'I ,IlX :1:1~. 
Fel5tuca liebmanni F.,urll. 
"~8t·IJ('(lliebmanni Fouru. JIex, 1'1. 2: It·!, lxSL 
I, }<~olii8 scaberrililis longis.'.;i mis Ii neari-lan.:>('OiutiJ', summo pan ieu lam au perante, 
ligu la hrevi 11m brinta ; pauicnla nll't'llIo&wrf'da, ax i1li~ glabri~, radioli :o: a.ppl't!"&lisscabris: ; 
spieulis .... ')-flori~, fl ore tcrminali nhorlj\'lI ; I.d\lmi~ \"I\!lle inaequalibui!, superiore fert> 
12~ ... ~Oti-" • 
44 CONTRIIlUT\oN~ ,'ROM THE NATIONAL IlERHAR[lJM, 
tluplo Ilu\jore oh\nsaj paiea init' riore i>-uerd apiee pOli:oo!)illlUlll ct ill llIe~m('r\'O promi­
n, 'nl(' l';rabra , ~'nfo! IIlIll)!inElIli erubest...'Cllt(>, apice ionJ,!e IlIU('ronata; palt'1l Hu~rion' 
:Ulj!u:!!ta hre\'iorc hidt'lltata. 
" .-\b:'ltjllc IOt'1I ( Liehlll. n. !iIi)." 
'j'hi~ spede~ iJol unknown to mi. 
Festuca tolucenals H. H. K. 
FelltW'(/ tolure"xi.~ H. B. K ., tog:etiler with itfo! fl1ppo~ed ~yn()nyll1:'i Po J(lltlti~dmiJJ 
:":tl'UII., and P. 1If>'juipaleat(/. Fourn., be\(1Il1o!: to a group of ::\fexklll1 81)(>l'if>SI that we are 
!llIahh· to cle:tr til' wi •. h th~ <'\'idem.-e and material at hand. Tlw g'nmll diffe r:-:. irulIl 
l It hf"f )(exil~all RPcd~ I,)" t Iw it'a "t-'S pos."'e~l:Ii Il)! laf"~r(' li$lules :In,1 t hf' 1I<,lt·u I)('ing bifill. 
The ~pccie~ are nllie!l to F. Omrlwri \'ali!cy. hnt differ ill till' hil\c1 palt·a and awned 
IpllHna. 
Thc- following are tilt' orijlinal deK;rLI ,tioll:<: 
H41U11 fO"t('(' Il~i!< 1-1. It. K , ~.w. Gt·n. & ~(I. 1 : ] .::;:t l S I,:). 
"F. ('ulmis, \'l.t~illil" iolii1>lClIll' &:ahri:"" :::eta(:eo-triquctrb:; r1l:illit'uia l"illiplici, laxa, 
. nuni~ alt.ernill. r1uH'hiqut' Jo;l:lIilri!": spi"uli:o; ohovato·oblongi:-:. (,Olupr(>s~j8, l"uhsextlnrh:; 
I!lmni:-: palei~lne :-!1'8bri:o;; ari~ta hrt·\'i . 
H(.'rfJfC;t iii liIolll,~ix, x,·o/)/fl,/.~ i;oi. (fJl .,.jl'j~ "egni J/" .d' ·UII;, inlrl' bhrJ""".u d ')Q1u('(l, (lii. 
/ .1,,'0 "r.mp. 2/. Pi' lI'd .t:.:..1ill'miJri . 
.. Uadix fibro~a. Culllli (:tu,t'pitol"i, credi, hipedal ~:-:, ~impli(~'s , striati, seahriu8culi, 
F. ,Iia con voluto'8C'tacea, t ri'l uetm, api('e ~u hulata, I"(·ahra. Y ag-inRe ~triatat'. {~ari oatae, 
:'4·ahrRI:'. t.il;uln (H'ata , ohtusa, glahra, Panieula simplex, JIl.XI\, qna·lri· aut quin· 
'1 " c pullit -ar i8, ra III is a hem i~, at I~ .. entl en t i·11.:1 tul i!:. t ri'l"e l ri l", !ol(·tt IJri!-l, ,1i~18 n t i hul'!. 
HhaL'his triqnl..·tra, Healml. Spil'nlat' oho\,alo-ohlongltt', qllinqlH" aut 8{'xRora~ , lIori­
hUr! <1i~tantibn~. {i lumae O\'8to-lan('eolatHt~, al'lIll1in81 0-811 hnlat8t'. I'arinatal;', pit rpnr­
asn' lltes, SC'abrae, inat'qllal l'8, inferior dimitlio hredor et ang:lll"ti.)", !"Ilperior Jolpi{'ula 
lIiluidio hredor. I'ult'lac Inn('('olafae, 11IIf)lUnlf"'f'n tt~, H·.ahr.U', al,il't· iJidc ntHl:w. 
iuil'rior SUperil}ll! paulin longior, inter (hmh~ hrc\'il('r ari8t~lta , l>!upt·rior hit·arinata." 
"'e.~ttl('(1 lJIulti/'It/mix Sh'wl. Ryn. PI. (jnun. :no. 1!t1~ , 
•• H.a.liee \'alidllie Hhrf}!"<l , I'ae:o:pitifcra, ('at~!"pitiJ,II:! ,·ollfl.tl1ntiuus e plnrimifo! r nhnis 
l"lerilihuH fnliiformi ('Oll\'oillti s rigidi:o< ha!'i \'aginati!ol et f.)liifl~riH l'UIIllIl1Il fl'rtilelll 
( ~Hlilarium . at) SCIUpt'r) aequantilm:-: : \·lIJ..':ini:o slriati~ f()lii~ hn·\' ihns COllvolllti:-: ; ('uhlli 
t\ () ri ft· ri f 01 i iH i II ft·rinri hUR ~teri iii 1IIi'l Hi III iIi I 11\:", fl.U [I<lri 0 ri bu!" plan i Ih:!(' II lis a ugU'it i~i III i:" ; 
vII}!ini!" fl.{'aurilll"t'lIii!"; pani(~1I1a 8illlplid (:?-:1-pollicari ) laxa; ra.lii~ )oIoli;'arii~ altt'rnis 
inferiorihul" :l-l"lIpl.'riorillll~ IIni·~pi{,llinli!" ; i'pi{'ulis QYati!" 11atlll iH I!l.xis (:{ IlI l:' t ultra 
1;)llgit") J.i llh-5-lIori~ gl umil'l iliat'lluai i 1IU!-I Jlo!·wuli!" brt;'\,jurilJIIl'; nt l \'Illa i n feriHr~ 8(';\ hm 
111:0«'0 1'1IrpllN,';t illfm hltt':o«:eJlI.i-:dhida (,I):<CIlr(~ IWf\'(~'t !<ilUplil'iler ItcumilUllK ye\ (ox 
aJlit'(~ hre\'i~illle hideul.nla aristnlata. ;\n F. tolllt'e n~is H, B. "al'.? H e ller Hrbr, 
nr, :!06. :\loll!! ToltU'(·() ~h'x i(~o." 
HS/Il('a arqllipall'ffla FUllfil. )Iex, PI. 2 : 125. HiAl. 
" Dif( .. rl a F. Tuhu'i'II!:'i folii s r('troJ'!olIlIll :"('1thri!", paleil'l Rl'Clualihu!', infer-iore hred­
H' r 11111('rOl1:111I, !"lIp('riorl.' l'ro funcie hifi.IH.. 
" .In Illonte Orizabl'nl-'I, 1~,OOO 1 (Lid!!l\' II. iSll, 513)." 
III the Xatiollu l lI('rharillIJI an' 1\\'0 I"IH'ett' of spc l'inIt'Il:" from Fournier. ont' "I' HO. 
;)11 , Liebmnnn, t.lll~ type (If l'~ (If'llu ip' ,{,',,/a Fonrll" th~ nlht'r lIO. ;,JO, l.i t'hl) )ann. 
rt·ft'rr<. .. 1 by Fournier In F. /"IIlf'I'IIJli.o: II. B. K. ~)th of t1" .,:o t'hC't·ts art' Hlix'"rt~, 
t.~l lt 'h ('ontainiug' nppart·ntly two ~I){'d l':-<, n'pl'et'~ntill~ in all tl\l't'l' I"lwC'il's, or (·I~ 
th"t,t' lorms of· one variable ~ pceit.,I". TIII ~ :O<P(-'('illll'lll" n il llgn'{' in having IUl'J!e li).!nlt·!" 
lIwllt.., llelllma:-<. <\1).1 hi(lenlnte paleal..', hilt llirier in the form of Ihl' )lllnicl(', till' :-<izl' of 
Ihe :"I,ik<,lcb. au,l Ihe " hallt~(tf till' flor"' !". Th 1'l)lI1l'li('''''' 11101111 ' 1''': !"till ilIort ' the 
rt'llIl.lillill),! :< h(,~d": (·xamillt·d all Ilifft ·), 11101'1 ' or It ·:-::o<, \\'1111(' J'(·tai l, ill)! lilt· t'~~' J)t Ja I dmr-
, 
• 
:wlt'l'1'I tli Inih'li ballit , lIarrow invnluh' Jt".tw_'l', lou!! ligule. alill aWlu'tl le lllma. Adlli· 
t iOllal ) nate ria I i!'l lH't't':.::<lI. r\" I ... in rc a II \" ~at i~fad Of\' "0111 -, tI!'!ioll l'an lA- rea('he<i . 
• • • 
:-;pt!dll11~Ilt! han~ i)pell ('XaJ llillt '. lll:-l fullow:-:: 
St~\,llda (ie Toilll'a, U'"f~ & /'Oillll'I' iHH:{. 
)fl) llut Orizaha, , ... ·('(Itv)! 1!1:{, ~:!H. 
Without 100~aljty, 1,;/,1'11111101 rlIO, ;')11. 
;-.\otll Luil'l Potrnoi, 1'''Tr,11 . ~. /'''{II /I'r \124. 
Xear Chna, /:u.'Q' .(- H, ;"I,'" j:!H!'I. 
F estuca. rosei :-:J1. IIft\·. 
l'en:llllial , tuftE-ii: ('ullll s ... tc, IIL "'"1"1' I 11lt'!!:'!' hi!!h. ~ " 1' ;)-jninted , HIHfJoth and 
~labrnl1~; sheath)': :"Illooth, t!J":-:t' of tlU' 11H\'l'r intl't'll')I'le:-: eqnaling or l·xc(~(·.lillg 
them ; ligule :-;hort, ciiiatl'; iJla11p~ o( till' IlUlllI'roll'" ba:-!1I1 It~avt'1" 1ilifoTm and in \, tI ­
lute, smooth, :~O to 40 ('Ill. ]I Ill}!. lho;-l(' 01 tilt, I'llllll stou te r; pani('l~> narrow, I' rpd . 
about 00 ('111. lo ng ; ray~ ill ahout :) ~pt!', l"olitary, hilt twarly a ll with :L I'Ih n rl hll:~a l 
hmll('h , ~lIlLewhat ~'lihr')IIl" Oil Ow an)!I(>~: :-<pi kelt't ... p\lI'J,li~h . l"I)lllt'wlmt gl:uu'ou!", 
.)hll)n~ . i to V mm. lOllI!, :~ 1" ;j·llo\\,\'rf·d ; joillt ~ o f tlU' ra~ 'hilll i nt'arly HIIlQoth , ('~' lin ­
Ilric;. ~lunH.'!'I tlI1etlual , linll ill h-x ltlrt·, l'('ahrnll ': o lllh(' II(lr\'('Il\)lW(', tl\{~ lowe r lall(,.,o;­
latt' , l-nllr\'cd, :~ to" 111111 . lnl l).! , 1I1l! "ppi'r ohloll;,!, :J- III'r\'(', 1, -4 to;-) IIIlH, Ic mg:; lemma 
firm in textun" with a n ' .. y IIltrrnw ,1l"ariollH margin . <lnHt·-lanc'polak. aelll Jl inat l', 
Ilb:-!t:urt·ly glaul'ou:-:, n tu i mill. I"n),!': pall';l illllC'l'I)Jatl', hidt'nt8.tt'. :-('ahrnn:-< lin lhtl 
Ilt'r\'e!", the inftexl;:'ll sille:-: It,!;:o! tJUUl half lh,' illl"l'llt']'\·(,. 
Typt- speci men (:olJed.ed lIl'llr ( ' ilCl:l, HIatt' of "( 'xi,'n, 'b,\' ,J. X. HOi'll' and .r . II. 
PainlN ( 11 0, 7210) , Septt'lll l M.' I· I! I, I!l(t t 
Tlli1'J !"pet.:ies is readil y lli:-tilll!ui~i,, 'd IrHIII :til)' ut llt'!" kn"w lI til II," hy it:-< n'r." ~ IC IIII( ' r 
le:.\"etf, !>ttout ('II hilS, ~hnrt. li"I1I1 '''', :tII.1 :l\\"lllt '~'!" It' IIIIIUl.l", 
Festuc a. willdenowiana :-;·h ll l1, ~:o;. 
f""c/l tf'lt l1U\l';cml(f 'Yilld. ; :-:; prt·I)Jl , :-':pt. 1: ;);-){i. lx:.!,·,. 
"F. ]lllnicllia nutante paudflol'!l , nUlli:o' tl{'xu()~i~, "'pi( ~ lI1it>l :~-tl()ri!" r:trigu:-:o-hi l'ipidifo; 
1\ ri:-!tn tit>l, f \Iii il'! li n ea ri IlU~ a 11 gUl'! t i :oO~lt II i :-;, .\ I (~x if:O, " 
N' ... t 'rH'H 111illdenowi/lll(l ~'!('hllltl'8, )I:lllt. 3: 1):)0. 1~:!!j. Clul1Ig(' ... lUUHt' of ahm','. ow ing 
10 the tll\h~ r N 'Il/.lIm JII . ,.,.i,'f/1lf1 H., &~. Hy"'t. 2: ;:~:!. \I-IIi . 
} 'ournic r , f(,lInwetl h y JJ"III l"ley, h ,r('l'R tH thil" ~11(,, ' il '~ :I SPt" 'illl('H 1 '" II( ~dt', 1 It.\' 
~cha(hwr without IO(!<t lit\, . 
• 
"'t ~ lut\'c' ~II lin allt ht'nlit: nUHerial (Ii tlli, .. !>'r~l."dl.':" , hut \\"t· \\"1)111.' n ' fer 10 il with 
little donut the foll o will:.;" 1'IW(·i llll·n:o:: ,"\t 'O/Oil 2:!i H, {'oll~'t;tl'd fill )I ount. ()ri1.llha, 
4.200 Illdl~n; altitudl', Au).!u!>' t i , lKHl , :lnd l'I'ill tllf' -4484, Hi l' tl'<I II., Jal' ('rIH'I. ~l' , :-':I alt ~ oj 
)I(\xicu, Augn:-:t 1:!, ISH:!. Thl ' fllrllH'rl"pP('illH-'1l il" tlll ~ In)l' elf ],h,/o("1 J'lilmI/J'IIU'ith,,'/t 
~I'ribnt1r.1l 
I IE"" '111 PTI' I~. 
A luflt,r\ ,)( 'n 'n uiai ; ('lIhu:-, ", 1. ' 11;1. \1', ,·t'ed. 1'1I :u,,11t :tll,i :-, lainill:,!. :,-juint\-II , uhuut 
!jt) ('111. hi !!h : l' ht:alh", :-lria1t·. j.d;lh .... u:-,. ~ horl('r than lilt · illh'rlll ll h,!>' : Ii:""lle II" , U' ! Y 
\l1 ~ol( 'h' ; 1,l:ul, '»I lI:ltl·u \\" p:l II' I! '·"( ·U. r:llll1'r , .. "fl . ""ry :- III <1ttlh , 111I1!>'1 ·ly ill \'ol lll (', It) 
t(l4 ,", C·lll . 1.,III,Il, llC'uk at tht., tll'l ':-': pall id !' Ilarr(l \\ . !II I " P ('Ill. l " Il .~, nodrl in,:t ; r:l,\"fol 
slendct·, ~1)litary , :l!>'('Plidill,-" in al"m! :; l"\'I:-<, 1"1·:thru1l1>O Iln tilt' :nt).!lc:o') jllI ldlhth' al 
ba~!t.'; ~pikelds pall' l!rt 'PIl or !>'tl lIl (' w!tat \,1It'pli!>'h. lan ('t ~ .. lll tt·, :~ or ·I·/l(lwl'l'cd, ~ 11,1 1U 
mm . long; jnint.<.; (If lilt, rw 'ILill:1 "y l iwlri(', ,"('alm I1l.", I I . , l .,~ 111111. ](Illg: gllllllt~ . ..; gil{· 
h ron:ol, IIneq llal, the 111\\'1 '1' l" l1hltl:a!I,-la ll('('I)!a!t', l-ll t'rn,d , :! to:\ 111111. lOll),!, 1I it' lIppI'" 
-- . _ ...... 
• 
4(> CONTRIIlUTIONH ~·ROM THE NATIONAl. HERnAHl u )t. 
;~·It('rn!t1, '" nll ll. IOIlJl; 1t!IllIllH lanceolatc, pillillly 5-nt'rn'(i, ('on\'(,x, th\' wholl' hm-k 
appn·~··d-f',rahroul'l or nearly hirtdlou~, abollt. :- nun . long, acuminato or oil t'n :-;hnl't ­
awned; palea iinear-iance(,lat('. df'it at. apex , Ilbuut equalinl£ the lemma, the nervc'.:' 
~(,llhrnn~, the inflcxcd sidl~:ol half as hrollt\ a", the internern', 
. 
Festuca fratercula. Rupr. 
Fexl1tCHjl'tftercilill Rllpr.; FOIlTll. :\lex. PI. 2: l:l-l. 1881. 
« ("nlmu ferc tript~lIuli HCahm; f()lii~ 3 "' .... ti ~, retrorsum 5Cabri~ , Icmgit:', pianiJ:l. 
<ll,il 'e longe t"OO\·oiut.itl ; IiKula bre\'i !'l~ illut ; pllllicula libera effulm fNC pe<Iali folium 
:<lII1lIlIlIIU I()ll~l' i'lupcr:mtt'. radiis gt'lllilli:-: tlirarit:ati:-; inaequalibui>; (lMeC divi:<i:-; 
I"I.it!uiis :l-tloris ('lUll tcrminali quarto aoortivo; glum is inaequalihu1'! acllti~, f1orihn:-: 
teretihu!:I relllot.i~, pales. inferiore acuta pot.i~fo!imnlll in florihus aummis hreYih'l" 
IlIl1l'ronata, glahra; "'lllll\lJ)uli~ lalll't'aiati:-: ovariulIl aequantibus. 
"1n humidi~ iuter Pina,", Illontis Ol'izaile nsi:-;, ll-lZOOO / (Gal. n . .''i 'ji~); Ctwdm' "I' 
Jo:8ff'jifl, H.ugmltD ( Lidlll l. 'J " 
We ha\'e!'lOOn no Mexican "'pccirncll8 oi t.hi!o' sp(!c i~, hut- han' referred to it ae\'cnd 
(:ollt'difJnl'! from th~ l :nite.1 ~tat&.fI 
Festuca amplillima Un!'r. 
f<'exlucH al/lpli,',~i1)11/. Rupr.; FUllfil. :\Iex. Pl. 2: 120. 188l. 
Type collected lIy lialeotti, "Seens rivulo8 PI'. Vaqueria. del Jacal in lIlonte Oriza-
I ' ·1"') <),)1":, 11"""­)( ,Ill", d .... ' . '.- . 
CuiJus stout, I to I .f> melel'8 high , smooth or R<'9.britiulouR, firm, -1 or 5-jointed; 
:o! lleatll~ f.tlabrnu~, striate ttoo,·e, ~horter tllllil the inf.t>rnOlle:--, tl,c lowerm08t. 1)Ct·o.niuJ,! 
lihwul'! when oltl; ligule ,·ery short., trnllcatt! ; bhulf':o' flat or loosdy ill\·()lutc, ti to 12 
1II1lI . hnmd, ao to ;)() CIIl. long, Io!lightly ~:ahroHIi on each side; panicle :lO to .';0 1'111. 
11111:;, l'rN.'t, djffu~~; fil)'i-l ill about 8 sets of t or 3 etH'h, !<ealirollt<, branl'!lt·d; ~pik(>let;.; 
g'J"('{'1l ur purpJil'lh, ton~-stalkl't1, oblong-elliptil', flattened, 5 to H-t10WI'fe<i, 9 to 1:~ 
111111. lOll!!; joillt~ of the rachilla scabromc, about 1 mill. IOllg; glulIleH tIIH:'ljual, gill.­
hroll!', tlw lower 1'II(>:fn~d, :l to :1.5 .mlll. long', the upper broader, :1-nen -ed, ,~ t.o 
Ii 1I11l\. long; ieulllla 6 If) i mm. long, lanceoJate, flnely 8cabrou~, Huix-a rinate, the 
lll'rYcl'! rdthl'r promin~lIt, al:ute; pal~-ll acute, 1\ little shorter than tho lemma, the 
Iwrn.':'! scahroll~, the inftex~1 flidefl about half lhe width o( [he int.erne r\'e. 
Readily ret·ugni:t.ed hy its stout hahit and ample tloribund panicle. 
The fulluwing Hpedmell8 IUlXe been examined: 
Hit~rra tie Ajw·wo, Pringle 95[>5. 
~Herra do :-:au Fdipe, C. L. ,""mith ~24, 
!\IOUllt ZielllllOnltcpc(', Xel801t 648. 
Mouutaiu,: Iwar Patz('uaro, Pringle ;{945. 
Mount Orizab!i, l/idmwnll (cx F ourni er ). 
Desierto Viejo, l kmr[!enu 1307 ( ex Fournier). 
Festuc& livida ( H . R. K.) WilJd . 
IIrorrHts/idtill l! H . n. K. ~O\". (it'll. & :-:Op. 1: 150. pl. 689. 1815. "Cr~it in altn 
• planitil~ Tolu('alHl, alt. I:~O hcxup." 
."il.~"ed(JJwrus lil'idtt ,~ R & S. Ryst. 2: 70i. 181i. 
F,'Hlu('ali1Jida Willtl. in ~preng. ~y!';t, 1: 25~. IM25. 
IIdleril/.l;I'l~dn Fotlrll. ::\lcx. PI. 2: I:?il. IRS], All of thei<e are h~l'd fill llr/)IIIII.~ 
lil"idllX II. B. K. 
[<i'xfll.cn qrmulitfQro SlAmd. RVII. PI. (~mlli. ;{ll. 1&')4. B;tf5oecl on Hell(> I"" :i15 irom 
• • • 
\'o l~ '~no de TollI( '~ . 
• 
PIPE}{- - - :\oHTII A)[EHICAN ~ PE(,IES 0.' \<'E>\Tl'CA. 47 
I. t);l'1! 11"Tlll :": . 
])l'n~ly tllited ; cuilni"' :-;moot h, In to 20 ('111. high , ncarly ('o\'crt'(l by tlw [n't'rl ap· 
ping ",heaths; sheath!" :"111001 h, 1\ he Jll I Ii 10 PRc'1i cul Ill: li.'!'llle I rIIu('ale, ~('ariulI~, O.!) lllill. 
IOIl~; hlades dosdy involute, n' r~' I"lllooth, l'Tl'd, .j to H ,'lit. long: panic'le ('on!"i ~tinll 
or f(> w to I'i€',-eral (2 to II) ) largt." pllrph' spikelet!'!; ::;['likl~ It'I!:! 10 t(l 14 Inlll. lOll),:', :! t .. 
",ttowl'red; joints of tllt' I"lll'hiliu hi.~pidulotl"" I to I ':) IlIIlI. ll1n~; g]umt'l" fiull('ljlll:ll. 
iaIH'eulatf', 1"lIIooth fir miIlHtel~' :<l1lhrnll~ , 10 lu 1; 11111 .. lult}!. 1lt':lrly l'clnalill,ll tile' 
spike!t!t ; iE:'mma Illinutt-Iy !wnhrou:<. (·lIipt-it:-hllll 'efl!nlt1. X flO In 111 Ill . lOll)!" 1M. 'llrill~ " 
1<h .. rl" !"traight awn ; palen 8ho rle r Ihall (II{' 1l' lIl11llt, "illt'utatt." <tt apex . ~Rhr()l11'! on 
till' nt-rye"', the int\t'xert l"i l1 (>!'! hull' a.'" hroad :1:-: 0 \(:, illtt'rHt:' rn'. 
,j, \'ery pt'culiar ~pedcl" npon ",hidl Fournipr fOllndt:'ti the !!ellll:o< Helleria. whit-h. 
hOwl','pr, ~e('m!'! not di:-:tilld (mou~h irolll F(-'l"tnnt . 'fIle i"!K'(·ie:-: W:I," pourly fi!!tlrt',l 
by II. B. K., hut har-: IIp('n finely piatt'fl hy lIeIll8h'y ." 
Tile following 1"IWcillll'II" han: bt:'('1l examinel1: 
Cmter of Xl'\"l,do ,It, 'rolu.'a, J'riIIY!/' 4::«>4. /(o.~: ~l' I'I/iltter M017. 
htacdhnati, J"' I'!III.~ :!'i . 
Pt~rot(·, Xd,'<.OI, -I;,. 
\'1)1':8110 Tultwa, X.-/""11 :;. 
JI()nnt Orizaha, I , i/·/ml(lfill . 
F eatuca. procera. II. R K. 
Pestw.'a prQ('fr(( H. ll. K. ;\11\'. (il~ll. Ii,: :"p. 1: 1.") ... . 11'11:;, "CrL'l'lcit lot·if.: alfo1il", ~l1h­
frigiuis rcgni (~llitem.jl" IJri'IW ('hilltl. ~an Antonio ,Il' Luiumhallll)u t't Lloll, illtl'r 
"It. 1180 t't Hin hexap." 
/J il'iA,dlilt' prOCt>j'If :-Opn·II;":. :-<.y:-:1. 1 : X''' , IS:!.'). " ~luilO." ",,.slllca U/'Y!I,tlil' " 'il l/I. 
ill he rharinm and F. IIT/fl "' ,'" HUlHh. an' ('it"",1 :1:-' :-,y IlIlUytH:-', 
f}sfaca Qrg!!("i~ Willd .; Fllllrt\. :\!t·x . PI. 2: It ... . Ix:-\tl. 1I11. .... '11 . 111 ])i"I,wl,1II' f,r,,-
" "1 '1/ t-5preng, 
Fonrnier citeI'! aM a Mt'xiean 1'ip l~dJl!~'1l B()llplalltl ':-: nn . :!:!t-\;) ill Ht'rhuriullJ 1\I1l:-!. Par. 
"ah~qu(> loco, e ~o\'a-Hi:-:p"niil,)' allli further I'l'Hlark~ thllt it difiPf'S tWill I': /'/'fwerfl 
11. H. K. C'!'Ipecially in itl'! ~lllot)th t·ulnl. illlplying' that ,... tJl'!I!If/li,~ b,li~tin('t frollil that. 
lllml::!lcy cite~ P. ()/'f/.llldi.~ a:-: frOT1l ;':o1lTh '1I'xi\'()~()11 lht' :Hlthorit." of Humh"ldt 11.nd 
Bonpland. But F, (Jr~/!II/I;" i~ foulltll ·,I !In tilt' lHllllt,' /}il ,J" I'''"" l'I"!I'I'nf ~i'n 'ltJ.!' . .lI.11I1 
on n~) '.hing e lse ; nJltl thi :-: in t.urn !"I 't'IH!" dt~arlr fonndl,,1 .,It J';'s/l""J IJrlH'l'mll. B. K " 
IlOtwithstandiug I-Imt- ~lln' IIg:~'1 S:lyl" . , ( ' 1111110 I l,rul·t:'r. I }!I:t 1m', ,. w Iii Ie II . H. K , Im\'e it 
"t'nlrno scabro," TIn' litera ry p\·i.lt·lh·(· inolit'alt'_'" that. till' :-:IIPP<r.-<l"-.l ;\I(' x it'a n 1o; 1"~j -
1lI~1I of Bonpland is pruhably i'l1II)t' of thl' orig:inal nUllerial "f l 'hi/(N( prf)('cm, The 
Specit>8 is unknown to 11':' . 
Fe&tuca mirabilis :o<p. nll\·. 
Dtm!:ldy tufte.l; t'ullll:-: \'ery ~t"llt , 1 tu:! mettor:o< high, 4'j u iuted , cylintiri<', ~mooth, 
fain tly s triate; Hlwath:-; ~t.rilLW, s( ~8hroui", lIlostly ~horte.r than the internod~ ; bllLdes 
palt'-j.!'reen , firm, mostly fohINi, !i to ,") nUll, hroad , stri"f:.e an. I 6<"-3brou~ Oil both ~ide<. 
;)() In t-tO (~ IlI . ill It'nJ!th , louc-atte nuate to the "IICX; ligule :-tt~riou8: truncate-, ,.ho rt 
I)n the I*'-l"ftl 1t'H.,·e.:", -I t.) ;) IIlIl1 , lOll/! nil Ihe ('ulm h!II.\'t:'~; Jlalli(~le :W to 30 1'111 , 
l,,"g'. ratlH'r lo()~. mmally :-:('cUlld, ~olU~what drooping. 1 ~llual{'(l or o'·erloppt..· • .1 hy 
the nppermotlt leaf; axil" i" llJ ooth Ix,l ow, tI{~abrouH abo\'t'; rll~·s in about ~\'ell sc>rie!:i, 
usually in twos, i'"leuller, ~cahrou~, ijilllplt~ or with hut few hranches, spikelet~bt!arill~ 
at the tip": Hpikelets yellowish·green, strongly flattened, 5 t o i-flowered, 1,5 to 2 (:111, 
ItllIg; joints of t.he rat·llilJa cylind ri( ~> 1 to 2 IHIll. loilg, strongly Hcabrou!oi-hirtellou~; 
glumet! subuiate, th .. lowt'r 1-nerved, 7 mill. 'long, the up~r 3·nerved l 10 111111 . 10n~ ; 
--_. _ _ .. ...... - . . . 
. . - •.. --------.. -
a BioI. Ceutr. Alii, Bot. 3 : 5:.'8. pl. 102 b. 
4H C()NTRI Hl lTlONs FKo~t 1'H E N Al'lON A I. Hln'"ARIU~1. 
imllllla "'parsely ~cl-\.l)f()-hirhdlonH atl oW'r, the lower 12 to III lllm. long, firlll, green, 
:-;trongl y keeled nearly to the hast', hili,\ at apex., and ht~a.ri llg R scahrous aw n :1 to 4 
mill . Ion!? ; callmo; prominent, ~m(l()th: pah ·H. lane('!()iate, spar,-;ely hirtellons, b ifid at 
al~x, ('qualing or a little cX('L'Wling tIlt.' le mma, I.ht· infit'x{>(l i< id~ half all hroad as 
th~ int.t,.\fIlerVe; stamcnt:J yellow, filll!Hr, f) 111111 . long; onlry l!ltIfloth. 
Colled ,cd at Alvarez, about 2, 700 IIH~h" n< IlltitlJlle, ~tat(: (Ii San Lnis.Poto!'i, )Iexit~o, 
hy Ill'. Rdwartl Palmer, .July, WO-l-. 
This remarkahle specieI' i!' largel' ant! C")anre r t.han Hny othel' llHth'e No rth .\IIIt'ri· 
('all or Me xican spedel:'. 
The followin~ nol.et; ha\'e IJlt't!II t'fllltrihutCfI Ity the diN:o\'e re r. Dr. Euwarli Palnwr: 
"Thil!lgraes i~ called ".at!'J,tt.· yerha,' lHUI ('l.\u&>t-I rolll,:(>rn to o \\'n{.~_ of dOD1('~til ' 
animal~ . IL g-rows in low, ridl lands in lurg:(' bunchclol :~ to 4 feet high, and has a 
y(·\Iowi.;h t~a~t. Domestie animals OJ\C{' injure.1 byeatinll this grasf:', aud hadng 
re(.·ovl'red, an:' said to a\'oi<1 it afterward",. Three jut'kal'!ij(>!,; were poi~.ml;:'(l by it. at 
the tim~ of Illy visit to Ah'arez. Thpy quickly bet'allle tli zzy and helple8/;. DOl;e:< 
o£ oil and bt~dn~ were Proml)t-iy ltdministe n'd. which rpJjc ,·cli two, but the thinl 
died. Thp anilllal whid\ .iicll had 1w."C1l on tJw pla('t' fll r H long t il lie. It is com, 
monly supposed t.hat only allimal~ new tl) the (;ountry eat Lhis gra&'!. J.t is probahlt· 
that if the beans had been pounded till(' hefore administ.(~rillg, a mor+!: r •• pill adioll 
would have resulted. There was so mnc.:h good gra~B this year that it wal; not ne('{'~-
8ity that 41rove UIt' animal!; to ~at thi~ rough, rJ,8p-l e~\'j~ 1 plant. It is a (IUestion ­
whctht>r deat.h rez':uitt'tl from ~OIlU~ poiiiOllon:c finality or 1l'Q1IJ luedumical injury tu 
the stotna4::h caused hy th+!: rough !t'aVt·:-o. " 
N'I\~umf(fscicularis Lain . Tah\. EIII ·)'I·. 1 : l RH. = Lrplocldofl }ilScir:ui(fr ili (i ray . 
J.'eM,/U:ajollmierimlR lIemHI. Billl. CellI.. .\m. 3; ;,s l. = r,'o"iuilt polY[J(Ut!d Fonrn. 
/'ff<l IlM meximuft- R. & R HplL 2: 7:!2. = UmrliYIH)( /bwt Jllc.dromln1 I.ink. 
Pest ltea obt1U!~f/olYl. Wiltd ; fo:.pn·Ilg'. ~,r:-ot. 1 : :{.56. = Leplocldoa duhia Nt>€jo:. 
l'~~lfiuc(t penduUrw Stelld. SYI:'t. 1: :~;)6. = Hl'Omus pend!tliltu.~ Sesse. 
Feduca piloaa Willd; Spreng. Sy~t.. 1: :l5H. = JII'[lfl81ctcilya plrnamellJ'!ia Prel:il. 
Jihtuca *<X1.bra Lag. Gt:'n. l't Sp. 4. = Br(U;li!lpodi lttn 1IW.Ci(·w uwl Link. 
Ji'esluw . 'Vir[lOla Lam. III . 1 : ISH. = l.A'/llrwldoa virgala &auv, 
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