iTsv^Vi %vlm^^-^ \^'^?MS?S^'! SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBulletin 125 NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARYAND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA BYFERDINAND CANUVersailles, FranceANDRAY S. BASSLERWashington, District of Columbia WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE1923 ADVERTISEMENT.The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist oftwo series, the Proceedings and the BvlJetins.The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1S7S, are intendedprimarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papersbased on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly-acquired factsin zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of ani-mals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annuallyand distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number ofcopies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and othersinterested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication isprinted on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contentsof the volumes.The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separatepublications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and othergeneral systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reportsof expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. Themajority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a fewinstances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable.Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanicalcollections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Her-barium, has been published as bulletins.The present work forms No. 125 of the Bvlletin series.William deC. Ravenel,Administrative Assistant to the Secretary,In charge of the United States National Museum.Washington, D. C, May 14, 1923. TABLE OF CO.NTEiNTS. Page.Introducticin 1Catalogue of papers of American Later Tertiary and Quaternary Brj-ozoa 2Lists of North American Later Tertiary and Quatemarj' Bryozoan faunas 4Systematic descriptions 15Order Ctenostomata Busk 15Family Terebriporidae Busk, 1839 15Genus Terebripora D'Orbigny, 1839 15Genus Spathipora Fischer, 1866 16Order Cheilostomata Busk 17Suborder Anasca Levinsen 17Division L Malacostega LeWnsen 1"Family Electrinidae D'Orbigny, 1851 17Genus Electra Lamouroux, 1816 17Genus Pyripora D'Orbigny, 1852 19Genus Mystriopora Lang. 1915 19Genus Membranipora Blainville. 1834 20Group Membraniporae Canu and Bassler, 1917 24Section I. No ovicell 24Genus Membraniporina Le\-insen. 1909 24Genus Conopeum Norman. 1903 26Genus Cupuladria Canu and Bassler, 1919 28Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919 30Section IL Membraniporae with endozooecial o\dcell 35Genus Vibracellina Canu and Bassler, 1917 35Genus Membrendoecium Canu and Bassler, 1917 36Genus Ogivalina Canu and Bassler, 1917 37Genus nincksina Norman, 1903 ' 38Section TIL 0\-icell hyperstomial, always closed by the operculum 39Genus Membraniporidra Canu and Bassler, 1917 39Section IV. 0\'icell never closed by the operculum 39Genus Alderina Norman, 1903 39 .Genus Callopora, Gray, 1818 40Genus Amphiblestrum Gray, 1848 44Genus Ramphonotus Norman, 189-! , . . . 46Genus Cauloramphua Norman, 1903 48Family Aeteidae Smitt. 1867 49Genus .Vetea Lamouroux. 1812 49Family Chaperiidae Jullien. 1888 49Genus Chaperia Jullien. 1881 49Family Farciminariidae Busk, 1852 55Genus Nellia Busk, 1852 , 55Family Opesiulidae Jullien, 1888 56Genus Floridina Jullien, 1881 56Genus Veluraella Canu and Bassler, 1917 58Genus Micropora Gray, 1848 58Genus Selenaria Busk, 1854 59 III IV TABLE Ol- L'UMENTS. Systematic descriptions-Continued.Order Cheilostomata Busk?Continued. Page.Family ThalamnporeUidae Levinsen. 1909 60Genus >[anzonella Jullien, 1888 60Genus Woodipora JuUien. ISSS 61Genus ThaIamo])or('lla Hineks, 1887 .'.: * 61Family Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909 62Genus Steganoporella Smitt. 1873 62Family Aspidostomidae Canu, 1908 - 64Genua Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917 ;. . . 64Genus Foraminella Levinsen, 1909 66Genus Labiopora Levinsen, 1909 67Family Calpensiidae. new family G7Genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869 67Genus Hemiscptella Levinsen. 1909 69Genus Cupularia I.amouroux, 1821 75Genus Calpensia Jullien, 1888 82Genus Vermiuaria Jullien. 1888 83Genus Microporina LeWnsen, 1909 83Genus Corynostylus Canu and Bassler, 1919 84Family Cellariidae Ilincks. 1880. \ 85Genus Cellaria Authors . . . 1^ 85Genus ErinaCanu, 1908 87Genus Melioorita Milne-Efl wards, 1836 87Genus Euginoma Jullien. 1882 87The Costulae (Family Cribrilinidae Hineks, 1880 ' 87Genus Cribrilina Gray, 1S4S ajGenus Puellina Jullien, 1886 89Genus Metracolposa Canu and Bassler. 1917 92Family Hippothoidae Le\-insen, 1909 '. 99Genus Hippothoa (Lamouroux 1821) Hineks. 1880 ^ ^ .^ 92Genus Trypostega Le\-insen, 1909 ^ " 95Family Escharellidae Levinsen, 1909 95Group 1. Schizoporellae Canu and Bassler. 1917 95Genus Schizoporella Hineks, 1880 95Genus Arthro])oma Levinsen, 1909 g^Genus Dakaria Jullien. 1903 ayGenus Lacerna Jullien. 188S 00Genus Stephanosella Canu and Bassler, 1917 99Genus Stylopoma Levinsen. 1909 i^iGenus Schizopodrella Canu and Bassler, 1917 jnjGenus Schizolavella Canu and Bassler. 1920 igsGenus Schizoma\ella Canu and Bassler, 1920 109CJenus t^emelliporolla Canu and Bassler. 1920 i iqGroup 2. Microporellae Canu and Bassler. 1917 jnoClenus Fenestndina Jullien. 1888 ,,0CJenus Microporella Hineks. 1877 ,.'1Genus Diporula Hineks, 1879 'Genus Ellipsopora, now subgenus..- -,1-Genus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848 ,,?Genus Calloporina Neviani, 1895 ,^^Genus Inversiula Jullien, 1888 ~^Group 3. Ilippoporae Canu and Bassler. 1917 , 00Genus Hippoporina Neviani, 1895 ...!!!!! iprGenus Hippodiplosia Canu, 1916 '^Genus Hippomenella Canu and Bassler, 1917 'Genus Hippoporella Canu and Bassler, 1920 '...' l^oGenus Lepraliu Johnston, 1847 TABLE OF CONTENTS. " Systematic descriptions?Continupd . Order Cheilostomata Busk?Continued.Family Escharellidae Levinsen , 1909?Continued . P^g ' Ciroup 4. Peristomellae Canu and Bassler, 1917Genus Trypematella Canu and Bassler, 1920Ciroup 5. Divers generaGenus Cyclocolposa Canu and Bassler, 1920 ^^^Genus Cycloperiella Canu and Bassler, 1920. j^^Genus Cyclicopora Hincks, 1884Cienus Aimulosia JuUien, 1888Family Eiu-ystomollidae Levinsen, 1909 ?Genus Eurystomella Levinsen, 1909Family Stomachetosellidae Canu and Bassler, 1917 -Genus Leiosella Canu and Bassler, 1917Family Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909Cienus Smittina Xornian, 1903Genus Porella Gray, 1848Genus Palmicellaria Alder, 1864Genus RhamphostomoUa Lorenz, 1886Genus Gystisella Canu and Bassler, 1917Family Reteporidae Smitt, 1867Cienus Retepora Imperato, 1599Genus Phidolopora Gabb and Horn, 1862 _Genus Rhynchozoon Hincks, 1891Family Adeonidae Jullien, 1903Genus Adeona (Lamoiu-oux, 1816) Levinsen. 1909 ^o?Genus Bracebridgia MacGillivray, 1886 ^^^Cienus Laminopora Michelin. 1842Genus Adeonellopsis MacGillivray, 1886Cienus Anarthvopora Smitt, 1867Family Hippopodinidae Le^^nsen, 1909 ^^^Genus Metrarabdotos Canu, 1914Genus Hippaliosina Canu, 1918Genus Tremogasterina Canu, 1911Genus Cheiloporina, new genus ?' ^_^Family Tubucellariidae Busk, 1884 'Genus Tubucellaria D'Orbigny, 1852 ^'_^Family Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler. 1917 - ^^^Genus Phylactella'Hincks, 1880 ' ^^^Cienus Lagenipora Hincks, 1877 ^_2Genus Mastigophora Hincks, 1880 ^,.^Genus Temachia Jullien, 1882 'Genus Crepidacantha Le\-in3en, 1909Family Celleporidae Busk, 1852 ^.^Genus Holoporella Waters, 1909 ^^^Genus Schismopora MacGillivray, 1888 ^^^Genus Costazzia Neviani, 1895 ^^^Genus Tegminula Jullien, 1882 ^^^Genus Cellepora Linnaeus, 1767 ^^^Family MjTiozoidae Smitt, 1868 ^^^Genus iljTiozoum Donati. 1750 ^^^C4enus MjTiozoella Levinsen. 1909 ^^^Family Orbituliporidae, new family ^g^Genus Batopora Reuss. 1867 ^g^Cienus Orbitulipora Stoliczka. 1861 Vr TABLE OF CONTENTS. tjystematic descriptions?Continued.Order ('heilostoinata Busk?Continued.Family Orbituliporidao, new family?Continued. Page.Genus Stichoporina Stoliczka, 18G1 189Genus Sphaerophora Ilaswell, 1881 190Genus Schizorthosecos Canu and Bassler, 1917 190Genus Fedora Jullien, 1882 190Genus Mamillopora Smitt, 1873 191Order Cyclostomata Biisk 193.Family Heteroporidae Pergens and Meunier, 1886 193Genus Ceriopora Goldfuss, 1827 193Family Diastoporidae Gregory, 1899 193Genus Proboscina Audouin, 1826 193Genus Berenicea Lamouroux, 1821 194Genus Atelesopora, new genus 194Family Mecynoeciidae Canu, 1918 195Genus Entalophora Lamouroux, 1821 195Family Oncousoeciidae Canu, 1918 195Genus Filisparsa D 'Orbigny, 1853 195Family Crisiidae Johnston, 1847 196Genus Crisia Lamouroux, 1816 196Family Tubuliporidae Johnston, 1838 ; 197Genus Tubulipora Lamarck, 1816 197Genus Idmonea Lamoiu'oux, 1821 198Genus Crisina D'Orbigny, 1852 200Family Theonoidae Busk, 1859 ; 201Genus Theonoa Lamouroux, 1821 201Family Diaperoeciidae Canu, 1918 201Genus Stathmepora Cami and Bassler, 1922 201Genus Diaperoecia Canu, 1918 202Family Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1866 203Genus Lichenopora Defrance, 1823 203Family Tretocycloeciidae Canu, 1918 206Genus Tretocycloecia Canu, 1918 206Genus Psilosolen Canu and Bassler, 1922 207Bibliography of literature on Bryozoa since 1899 209Appendix 244Explanation of plates 245Index 293 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Text Figures.? Pago18Fig. 1. Genera of the family Electrinidae D'Orbigny, 1851 ^^2. Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919 ^^3. Genus Chaperia Jullien, 1881 g^4. Genus Chaperia i Waters, 1898) Levinsen, 1909 ? ^^5. Genus Selenavia Busk, 1854 ? - gj^6. Genera of the family Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909 ? ^^7. Genera of the family Steganoporellidae Levinsen, 1909. ^^8. Genera of the family Aspidostdmidae Canu, 1908 " ^^9. Genus Odontionella Canu and Bassler, 1917. gg10. Genera of the family Calpensiidae, new family ? ? ? ^^11. Genus Diplodidymia Reuss, 1869 ^.^12. Genus Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909 ^^13. Genus Cupularia Lamouroux, 1921 g^14. Genera of the family Cellariidae Hincks, 1880 ??? ^^^15. Genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909 ^^g16. Genus Schizolavella Canu and Bassler, 1920 " ? ? ^^^17. Genera of the Microporellae ' ^^^18. Anatomy of the Microporellae ' j^^g19. Genus Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888 ' ^ ^-^^20. Genus Microporella Hincks, 1877 ^ ^^2521. Subgenus Diporula Hincks, 1879 ' ^^2722. Subgenus EUipsopora, new -^2723. Subgenus Flustramorpha Gray, 1848 ^^ ^2$24. Genus Calloporina Neviani, 1895 ^2925. Genus Hiversiula .Tullien, 1888 ^ -^^^26. Genus Eurystoraella Levinsen. 1909 ^^^27. Genera of the family Reteporidae Smitt, 1867 ? ? ? ? ^^^28. Genus Laminopora Michelin, 1842 ^ ^g^29. Genera of the Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 16630. Genus Hippaliosina Canu, 1918 ^gg31. Genus Cheiloporina, new genus ' ' ' " -^^^32. Genus Temachia .luUien, 1882 ^ ^^^33. Genus Crepidacantha Levinsen, 1909 18434. Genus ihTiozoum Donati, 1750 ^ ^g-35. Genus Mj-riozoella Levinsen, 1909 ^^gg36. Ciemis Batopora Reuss, 1867 -j^gg37. Genus Orbitulipora Stoliczka, 1861 ^g^38. Genus Stichoporina Stoliczka, 1861 1 The 4- plates of this volume, with their accompanying explanations, begin on page 245. VII NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARYBRYOZOA. By Ferdinand Canu,Of Versailles, France,ANDRay S. Bassler,Of Washington-, District of Columbia. IXTRODUCTION.The present volume contains the results of researches upon the Post-Oligocenefossil bryozoa of North America and forms the concludmg part of our studies uponthe Tertiary and Quaternary faunas, those of the Eocene and Oligocene epochshaving been published in 1920 under the title of North American Early TertiaryBryozoa.i The present work, like the companion volume on the Early Tertiaryfaunas, was undertaken under the joint auspices of the United States GeologicaSurvey and the United States National Museum. Almost without exception allthe type specimens described and illustrated in the present volume are containedin the paleontological collections of the United States National Museum.The authors are deeply indebted to Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of theSmithsonian Institution, and Mr. W. deC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant incharge United States National Museum, who have arranged for the publicationof the work and have extended various courtesies to us durmg its preparation.Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the United States Geological Survey, has llke^^^sespared no effort in assisting us to bring the work to a successful conclusion andwe are crreativ indebted to him, as well as to other members of the Federal Survey,particufarly Mr. Wendell C. Mansfield, Mr. R. D. Mesler, and Mr. I. B. MilnerWe are under many obligations to Mr. F. Julius Fobs, chief geologist of theHumphreys Mexia Oil Company at Mexia, Texas, who has very generously as-sisted us financially in the preparation and illustration of the volume, and whohas thus shown his appreciation of the value of the bryozoa in stratigraphic andeconomic work.Through several grants from the Marsh Fund of the National Academy otSciences and from the American Association for the Advancement of Science wehave been able to carrv on supplementary studies of other fossil and recentbrvozoan faunas which were quite necessary in the preparation of this volume.For this assistance we are highly grateful, as we have thus been enabled to pureueour researches on a larger scale and to secure more definite and lasting results. > Bulletin 108, U. S. National Museum, 2 vols., 879 pp., 162 pis. 2 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Our liearty thanks arc due to Dr. F. C. Clark, of Los jVngeles, California, andDr. Ralph Arnold, of Pasadena, California, who have supphed us with practically all of the faunas described from the Pleistocene of California.The methods of study of the hrvozoa and various other subjects relating tothem in general liave been described in our Early Tertiary volume, to wliich thereader is referred. We have, however, added to the present volume a bibliographyof bryozoan literature published since 1899, the list of literature up to this datebeing contained in the work by Nickles and Bassler of 1900.-Although the present work deals primarily with North American Post-Oligocenefossil Bryozoa, the descriptions of a few small faunas from the Oligocene rocksof the West Indies and of several miscellaneous Eocene species are added forvarious reasons.CATALOGUE OF PAPERS OF AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARYBRYOZOA.[A few papers by Canu, Ulrich, and Bassler, published sinee 1900, are not listed here because their contents arc reproduced inthe present work.)1841.CoNR.^D, T. A. Observations on the Secondary and Tertiary formations of the southern AtlanticStates, by James T. Hodge. With an appendix bv T. A. Conrad. (Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 1,vol. 41, 1841, pp. 344-348.) " .The bryozoa in the paper are:Lunulites denticidata, p. 348.Lurrulites depressa, p. 348. 1845.Lonsdale, William. Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North America. (Quart.Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1845, pp. 495-509.)Heteropora"! tortilis, new species, p. 500. Miocene: Williamsburg, Petersburg.Escharina tumidula, new species, p. 502. Miocene: Petersburg.Jmnulites denticulnta Conrad, p. 503. Miocene: Petersburg.Cellepora informata, new species, p. 505. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia.Cellepora umbilicata, new species, p. 507. Miocene: Petersburg.Cellepora quadrangular is, new species, p. 508. Miocene: Williamsburg, Evergreen.Cellepora similis, new species, p. 509. Miocene: Williamsburg.1855.Conrad, T. A. Note on the Miocene and Post-Pliocene deposits of California, with descriptions oftwo new fossil corals. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7, 1855, p. 441.)Idmonea californica, p. 441. Miocene: Santa Barbara, California.Lichenopora californica, p. 441. Miocene: Santa Barbara, California.1857.TuoMEY, M., and Holmes, F. S. Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina. Charleston 1857 xvi-l-152 pp., 30 pis. 'The bryozoa are:Lunulites denticulata Conrad, p. 11, pi. 4, figs. 1-5. Darlington district. South Carolina.Cellepora tessellata, new species, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 7. Giles Bluff, Peedee River.Cellepora radiata, new species, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 8. Smith's, Goose Creek.Cellepora depressa, new species, p. 14, pi. 4, fig. 9. Smith's, Goose Creek.Sfembranipora lacinia, new species, p. 14, pi. 4, fig. 10. Smith's, Goose Creek. ? A Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa, including Bibliography and Synonymy. Bull. No. 173, United States Geo-logical Survey NORT^ AMEEICAIf LATER TERTIARY ASTD QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 3 Reptocelleporaria infonnata (Lonsdale), p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 11, 12. Darlington district.Reptocelleporaria similis (LonscUle), p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 13, 14. DarUngtou district, South Carolina;Petersburg, Virginia.Heteropora tortilis Lonsdale, p. 16, pi. 4, figs. 15, 16. Smith's, Goose Creek. IS.5S.Emmons, Ebenezer. Report of the North CaroUna Geological Survey. Raleigh, 1858. Paleontology,pp. 193-314.Lunulites denticulata, p. 311, figs. 248, 249. Miocene: Beds on Neuse and Cape Fear rivers.Lunulites oblongus, new species, p. 312, figs. 252, 253. Locality not given.DiicopoTella umbellata, p. 312, figs. 254, 255. LocaUty not given. , 1860. Holmes, Francis S. Postpliocene fossils of South Carolina. Charleston, 1860. xii-rv+122 pp.,28 pis.The bryozoa described are:Reptocelleporaria infonnata (Lonsdale), p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 5. Charleston, South Carolina.Lunulites denticulata Conrad, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 4-46. Simmons'; Abbapoola; St. Andrew s. 1862.Gabb, William M., and Horn, George H. Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary andTertiary formations of North America. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, ^ol. o, 1862,pp. 111-178, pis. 19-21.)Escharaf fragilissima, new species, p. 118, pi. 19, 3. Miocene: St. Mary's River, Maryland.Lunulites oblonga Emmons, p. 121. Miocene(?): North Carolina.Ctllepora tumidula D'Orbigny, p. 127. Miocene: Petersburg, ^irginia.Celleporaformosa Tnomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Darlington district, SouthCarolina. a t, j -a-Cellepora tessellata Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (VPliocene): Giles Bluff, Peedee River,South Carolina.Cellepora radiata Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Goose Creek, South Carolina.Cellopora depressa Tuomey and Holmes, p. 129. Miocene (?Pliocene): Goose Creek, South Carolina.Cellepora californiemis, new species, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 12. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Cellepora belUrophon, new species, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 13. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, CalUorma.Reptocelleporaria informata D'Orbigny, p. 132. Miocene: Petersburg, Virginia; and South Carolina.Reptocelleporaria quadrangularis D'Orbigny, p. 132. Locality not given.Reptocelleporaria similis D'Orbignv, p. 133. Miocene (?Pliocene): \'irgiiiia and South Carolina.Reptescharella hermannii, new species, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 20. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Reptescharella plana, new species, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 19. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, I aliforuia.Phidolopora labiata, new species, p. 138, pi. 19, fig. 21. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, Cahiomia.Ennallipora quadrangularis, new species, p. 141, pi. 20, fig. 24. Miocene: Petersburg, \ irginia.Discoporella denticulata (Conrad), p. 142, pi. 20, fig. 25. Miocene: Generally distributed from NewJersey to South Carolina.Reptoporina eustomata, new species, p. 144, pi. 20, fig. 26. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Multiporina umhilicata (Lonsdale), p. 145, pi. 20, fig. 27. Miocene: Petersburg, \ irginia.Reptcscharellina disparilis, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 29. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Reptescharellina? hermannii, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 30. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara,California.Reptescharellina cornuta, new species, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 31 . Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Siphonella muUipora, new species, p. 154, pi. 20, fig. 38. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Membranipora sexpunctata, new species, p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 44. Miocene or Eocene: Locality unknownMembranipora speciosa (Gabb and Horn), p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 45. Miocene(?): Chinqui, CentralAmerica. 4 BULLETIX 125, UIs^ITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Membranipora callfornka, new species, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 46. Postpliocene: Santa Barliara, California.MemhranipoTa barbarensis, new species, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 47. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, Cali-fornia.Reptoftustrella tubulata, new species, p. 162, i)l. 20, fig. 51. With Mcmbrmiiporasexpunctata. Localityunknown, probably from the A'irginia Miocene.Pyrijtustrella tuberculum D'Orbignj-, p. 163. Locality not given.Idmonea californica Conrad, p. 168, pi. 21, fig. 56. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Semitubigera tuba, new species, p. 169, pi. 21, fig. 57. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Entalophora punctulata, new species, p. 171, pi. 21, fig. 61. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Crisina serrata, new species, p. 174, pi. 21, fig. 66. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, California.Lichenopora californica Conrad, p. 176, pi. 21, fig. 68. Postpliocene: Santa Barbara, Califorma.Multicrescis iorlilis (Lonsdale), p. 178. Miocene- Virginia and South Carolina. LISTS OF NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOANFAUNAS.|c.= common; v. c.= very common; r.= rare; v. r.= very rare.]OUGOCENE.Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6854)?Floridinafusifa-a Canu and Bassler, 1019. (v. r.)Floridina pyiipora Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Hippoporiiia lata Smitt, 1862. (r.)PoreZ/a tcZZa Busk, 1860. (r.)Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn. 1862. (r.)Oligocene (Antigua formation): Carlisle marl pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6873)?Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803. (r.)Oligocene (Anguilla formation) : Southwest side of Crocus Bay and vicinity, Anguilla, Leeward Islands?Callopora dumnilli Savig'ny-Audouin 1826. (r.)Floridina pyripora Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (r.)Ogivalina rmdabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. (r.)Stephanosclla biaperla Michelin, 1842. (r.)Slylopoma spongilcs Pallas, 1766. (r.)Oligocene (Emperador limestone): one-third mile north of west of Empire. Panama Canal Zone (locNo. 6016)?Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (r.)Ogivalina imilabilis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)LOWER MIOCENE FAUNAS.Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Cana, Santo Domingo? ? *Cupuladria canaricnsis Busk, 1859. (r.)Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Metrarabdolos colligatum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Thalamoporclla bipcrforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo?Cupuladria canaricnsis Buak, 1859. (c.)Cupuladria umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.)Labiopora miocenica Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Thalamoporclla bipcrforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.Thalamoporella granulatahevinseii, 1909. (r.) NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Santo Domingo?Cupuladria biporos:i. new species, (r.)Laminopora miocenica, new species, (v. r.)Palmiccllaria c/r. inermis Jullien. (r.)Rhynchozoon curium, new species, (v. r.)Stylopoma magniporosa, new species, (r.)Tremogastenna truncntorostris, new species, (v. r.)Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao. Santo Domingo-Acmithodesia savarti forma monilifera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Adeona powsa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Aimuloda brevis, new species, (r.)Corynostylus ellipticus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Corynoslylus labialus Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.)Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.)Diaperocda mihieana D'Orbigny, 1839. (r.)Hemiscptella lata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.)Hippomcnclla infralduin Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.)Mamillopora luba-osa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Membranipora vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.)Melrarabdotos coUigatum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. (v. c.)Rhynchozoon vaughani Canu and Bassler, 1919. (v. r.)Schizopodrella (?) mutabihs Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Smtttina (?) fcrera Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Steganoporclla parncella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c. ; Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica-Acanlhodesia savarli forma texturata Reuss, 1847. (v. c.)Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (r.)Aimulosia brens, new species, (c.)Bracebridgia dcformis Canu and Bassler, 1919. (r.)Callopora dumcrillii Savigny-Audouin. 1826. (r.)Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1872. (r.)Conopeum ovale, new species, (v. r.)Cupuladria canarienm Busk, 1859. (r. ) Cuptilaria umbcllala Defrance, 1823. (c.)Cyclopei-iella rubra, new species, (v. r.)Gemelliporella punctata Canu and Bassler, 1919, (r.)Hemiseplellagrandicella. new- species, (r,)^Hippodiplosia baccata Canu and Bassler, 1920, (r,)Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (v. c)Holoporella hemispherica, new species, (r.)Mamillopora luberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Mastigophora granulosa, new species, (v. r.)Membranipora osburni, new species, (r.)Mevibranipora tcnella Hincks, 18S0. (r.)Membrendoecium parncapitalum, new species. U.)Melrarabdotos lacrymosum Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.Rhamphostomella granulosa, new species, (v. r.)Rhamphostomclla laticella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (% ? r.)Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.^SmiHina ophidia7ia Waters, 1878. (v. r.)Sleganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.) 6 BUUbETIX 125, UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowdon, Jamaica?Continued.Slephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1841. (r.)Stylopoma minula, new species, (r.)Terebripora elongala, new species, (r.)Terebripora sinefilum, new species, (r.)Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler. 1910. (c.)Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): Banana River, Costa Rica ? Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.)Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.)Mamillopora tuberosa Canu and Bassler, 1919. (c.)Lower Miocene (Chipola marl) : Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida ? Adeonellopsis coccinella, new species, (r.)Callopora dumenlii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. (r.)Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.)Leiosella cdax, new species, (r.) MIOCENE OF M.1RTI..\XD.Miocene (Choptank formation): Cordova, Maryland ? Acanthodesia savarli forma bifoliata Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)MicToporella bifoliata Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (Choptank formation) ; Governor Run, Maryland ? Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.)Miocene (Choptank formation) : Greensboro, Maryland ? Holoporella massalis Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904.Miocene (Choptank formation) : Pawpaw Point, Maryland?Conopeumf nitidulum Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (Choptank formation) : Dover Bridge, Maryland ? Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Conopeuni germanum Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Retepora doverensis L'^lrioh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Schizopodrella doverensis Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland ? Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Acanthodesia savarli forma bifoliata Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Chaperia caminosa Ulrieh and Bassler. (r.)Crisina striatopora Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)MicroporcUa ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.)Retepora doverensis Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Schizoporella cumulata Ulrieh and Bassler. (r.)Schizoporella latisinuata Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (Calvert formation): Reed's, Maryland ? Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Cellepora cribrosa Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 1852. (r.)Cyclicopora mansfieldi, new species, (v. r.)Membranipora fossulifera Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Ogivalina parvula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Porella convoluta Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Porella punctata Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Miocene (Calvert formation) : Plum Point, Maryland?Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Cellepora maculala Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Holoporella massalis Ulrieh and Bassler, 1904. (r.) NORTH AMERICAN LATER TEBTIAKY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 7 Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek, Calvert County, Maryland-Callopora parvirostru, new species, (v. r.)Cribrilina Hgulata, new species, (v. r.)Miocene (Calvert formation); Chesapeake Beach, Maryland?Acanthodesui oblongula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (c.)Holoporella massalu Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (St. Mary's formation); St. Mary's River, Maryland?Cupularia denticulala Conrad, 1841. (r.) _Hemiseptella fistula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Holoporella massalis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Lepralia montifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Theonoa glomerata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Miocene (St. Mary's formation); Cove Point, Maryland?AmpUbleslmm constriclum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Conopeum germanum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Cribrilina punclala Hassall, 1841. (r.)Idmonea expansa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Membranipora tuberimargo, new species, (v. r.)Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. (r.)Porella reversa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)MIOCENE OF VIRGIKIA. Miocene (St. Mary's formation); Bowlers wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia-Acanlhodesia savartii forma typica. (r.)Conopeum lacroixii Busk, 18.52. (r.)Membraniporina batcata, new species, (r.)Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.)Spathipora longicauda, new species, (v. r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation); Yorktown, Virginia?Cellepora macidata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Daharia grandis, new species, (r.)Floridina regularis. new species, (r.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.)Eippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.)Hippoporella spinosa, new species, (r.)Holoporella (?) cchinata. new species, (v. r.)Membranipora flabellata Canu, IQ06. (r.)Microporella fissurifera, new species, (v. r.)Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.)Terebripora parvicella, new species, (r.)Trelocydoecia lortilis Lonsdale, 1845. (c.) ? ,, ^r- ?Miocene (Yorktown formation); 1 mile northeast and 1 mile west of Suffolk. \ irgmia^Acanthodesia sararti forma typica. (r.)Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.)Ceriopora virginiana, new species, (v. r.)Cyclopcriclla rubra, new species.Gemelliporella vorax. new species, (r.)Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.)Membranipora flabellata Canu, 1906. (r.)Microporella fiisurijera, new species, (r.)Ramphonotus asperus. new species, (r.) 8 BULLETIN 125, UMTKD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Upper Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia ? Acanlhodesia rectangularia, new species, (v. r.)Adcona heckeli Reuss. (c)Amphiblcstnim constriclum Ulricli and Uassler, 1904. (r.)Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.)Berenicea Jtabellum? Reu.ss, 1847. (r.)Callopora lanceolala, new species, (v. r.)Cydopericlla rubra, new species, (c.)Dakaria lorrjtiala D'Orbigny, 1839. (v. r.)Gcmelliporcllavorax, new species, (r.)Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.)Hippodiplosia bigibbera, new species, (r.;Membraniporina vincularina, new species, (v. r.Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.) ^Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r)Slylopoma spongiles Pallas, 1766. (c.)Tretocydoecia lortiHs Lonsdale, 1845. (c.)Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester Count}', Virginia ? Atelesopora replam, new species, (r.)Cydocopora spinifera, new species, (r.)Gemelliporella vorax. new species, (r.)Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.)Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1842. (r.)Trypostega venusta Norman, 18G4. (r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation); 1 mile south of (^'ash, Gloucester County, VirginiaAtelesopora rcptayis, new species, (r.) *Cydocolposa spmifera, new species, (r.)Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation): 2 miles southwest of Cash, Gloucester County, Virginia?Cydocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.)Cydopericlla rubra, new species, (c.)Dakaria torquata D'Orbigny, 1839. (r.)Ramphonotus asperus. new species, (r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 7766. (c.)Tretoajcloecia avellana. new species, (r)Miocene (Yorktown formation): Near Powcan, King and Queen County, Virginia (loc. No. 8205)?Adeona heckeli Rewas, 1847. (r.)Berenicea Jlabellumf Reuss. (r.)Cydopericlla rubra, new species, (r.)Cydocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation): Beulahland, King and Queen County. Virginia (loc. No. 8229)?Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.)Berenicea Jlabellumf Reuss, 1847. (r.)Callopora lanccolata, new species, (r.)Cydocolposa spinifera, new species, (r.)Cydoperiella rubra, new species, (r.)Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.)Schizopodrella itraicorjiis Johnston, 1847. (r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation): One-third mile north of Macedonia Church, Essex County Vireinia(loc. No. 8208) ? . > 5Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.)Microporella fissurifera, new species, (v. r.)Ramphonotus asperus, new species, (r.) NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AXD QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. Miocene (Yorktown): York River, Virginia?Cupularia denticidata Conrad, 1841. (r.)Hemiseptellafilimargo, new species, (v. r.)Holoporella rostrifira, new species, (v. r.)Miocene (Yorktown formation) : Williamsburg, Virginia?Cupularia denticulala Conrad, 1841. (r.)Tretocycloecia torlilis, Lonsdale, 1845. (c.)Miocene (Yorktown formation): li miles southwest of Reed's Ferry, Virginia?Cyclicopora? mansfieldi, new species, (y. r.)MIOCENE OF NORTH CAROLINA.Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina-Adeona hecheli Reuss, 1847. (r.)Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (c.)Alderina cesticella, new species, (r.)Atelesopora reptans, new species, (r.)Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Cupularia denticulala Conrad, 1841. (r.)Cupularia umbellata De France.Cydoperiella rubra, new species, (c.)Floridina minuta, new species, (r.)Floridina regularis, new species, (c.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.)Hippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. (c.)Puellina radialu-scripta Reuss.Schizopodrella unicornis Johnson, 1847.Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.)Terebripora parvicella, new species, (r.)Velumclla elongata, new species, (r.)Vibracellina pusilla, new species, (r.)Vibracellina simplex, new species, (r.)Miocene: Kuhns, Carteret County, North Carolina-Lagenipora brevicollis, new species, (r.)Membraniporafossulijera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (r.)Membranipora spiculatu, new species, (r.)Microporella ciliatn Linnaeus, 1759. (r.)Porella rerersa Ulrich and Bassler ,1904. (r.)Pyripora brcvicaudn, new species.Miocene (Duplin marlj : Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina?Schizopodrella floridina Oshurn, 1914. (r.)Miocene (Duplin marl): Snow Hill, Green County, North Carolina?Membranipora flabellata CojiU, IdOG. (r.)Miocene (Duplin marl): 2i miles northwest of Chocowinit\-. North Carolina?Membranipora flabellata C3,n\i, 1906. (r.)Miocene (Duplin): 10 miles south of Greenville, North Carolina?Cydoperiella rubra, new species, (c.)Microporella fissurifera, new species, (r.)Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (r.)Miocene (Duplin marl): 28 miles northwest of Wilmington. North Carolina?Holoporella pnriula, new species, (r.)Holoporella subturrita. new species, (v. r.)Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina?Adeona hecheli Reuss, 1847. (c.)Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.)Callopora dumerilii Savigny-Au^ouin, 1826. (r.)12184?23?Bull. 125 2 10 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina?Continued.Cellepora minuta, new species, (r.)Cupularia denticulala Conrad, 1841. (v. c.)Cupularia doma D'Orbigny, 1851.Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (c.)Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.)Floridina regularis, new species, (c.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c.)Hemiseptella reclangulata, new species, (r.)Hippoporina gibbosa, new species, (r.)Holoporella orbifera, new species, (r.)Holoporella subiurrita, new species, (r.)Lacerna mucronata Smitt, 1872. (v. r.)Membrendoecium grande, new species, (v. r. ) Proboscina mesleri, new species, (r.)Puellina radlata forma scripta Reuss, 1847. (r.)Schizopodretla floridina Osburn, 1915. (v. r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (c.)Smiuina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.)Stephanosella biaperla Michelin, 1841. (r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.)Trypostega venusta Norman, 1864. (v. r.)MIOCENE OF .SOUTH CAROLINA, FLORIDA, AND CUBA.Miocene (Duplin marl): Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Mayvdlle, Sumter County, South Carolina ? Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.)Atelcsopora reptans, new species, (r.)Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Basslor, 1904. (r.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r.)Schizopodretla w?icorn)S Johnston, 1847. (v. r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.) ,Miocene (Duplin marl): Darlington, South Carolina ? MicToporella hexagona, new species, (r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.)Miocene: Giles Bluff, Peedee River, South CarolinaMicroporella tessellata Tuomey and Holmes.Miocene: Smith's, Goose Creek, South Carolina ? Hemiseptella lacinia Tuomey and Holmes.Tretocycloecia tortilis Lonsdale, 1845.Miocene: Charleston, South Carolina ? Hemiseptella granulosa, new species, (v. r.)Miocene Harvey's Mills, Leon County, FloridaAimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.)Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Cyclocolposa tenuiparietis, new species, (r.)Holoporella orbifera, new species, (r.)Miocene: Santiago, Cuba ? Cribrilina cuspidaia, new species, (v. r.)Miocene (Choctawhatcheemarl): Jackson's Bluff, Ocklockonee River, Leon County, 25 miles southwestof Tallahassee, FloridaAcanthodesia savarli forma delicatula Busk, 1859. (r.)Amphiblestrum tenuiparietis, new species, (r.)Arthropoma comuta, new species, (r.)Cellepora maculata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)^haperia parvispina, new species, (v. r.)Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.) NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUAl-ERNARY BRYOZOA. 11 Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jacksoa's Bluff, Ocklockonee River, Leon County, 25 miles south-west of Tallahassee, Florida?Continued.Cupularia denliculata Conrad, 1841. (c.)Gemelliporella asper, new species, (r.)Gemelliporclla vorax. new species, (r.)Hippoporellaf papulifera, new species, (v. r.)Hippoporina {f) vesiila, new species, (r.)Idmonea planula, new species, (v. r.)Membraniporidra parca. new species, (v. r.)Membraniporina vincularina, new species, (r.)Membrendoecium parvicapilalum, new species, (r.)Microporella ciliala Linnaeus, 1759. (r.)Puellina innominafa Couch, 1844. (v. r.)Schizopodrella floridina Osburn, 1914. (v. r.)Schizopodrella pusilla, new species, (i.)Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, 1854. (v. r)Tremogasterina horrida, new species, (r.)Vibracellina simplex, new species, (v. r.)PLIOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND FLORIDA. Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina?Aimulosia aculeata, new species, (r.)Amphibleslrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. ir.)Cellepora minuta, new species, (r.)Cupularia denliculata Conrad, 1841. (v. c.)Cyclocolposa perforata, new species, (v. c.)Cycloperiella rubra, new species, (c.)Dakaria parvvporosa, new species, (v. r.)Electra vionostachys Busk, 1875. (r.)Floridina parvicella, new species, (v. r.)Gemelliporella asper, new species, (v.)Gemelliporella vnrax, new species, (c.)Hemiseptella planulata, new species, (r.)HoloporcUa bicornis, new species, (r.)Holoporella orbifera, new species, (c.)Membranipora lacroixii Audouin, 1826. (r.)Membrendoecium. grande, new species, (r.)Metrarabdotos auriculatum, new species, (c.)Microporella tessellata Tuomey and Holmes, 1857. (r.)Puellina crassilabiata, new species, (r.)Schizopodrella aadeata, new species, (v. r.)Schizopodrella marginata, new species, (r.)Smittiiia trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (r.)Spathipora longirima. new species, (r.)Tretocycloecia avellana, new species, (v. r.)Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl): Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida?Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847. (c.)Aimulosia brevis, new species, (r.)Aimulosia radiata, new species, (v. r.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (r*.)Metrarabdotos auriculatum, new species, (v. c.)Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (r.)Schismopora brevincisa, new species, (c.)Schizoporella doverensis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. (v. r.)Smittina maleposita, new species, (v. r.) 12 BULLETIN I2o, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl); Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida?Continued.Sjnitlina trispinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.tStijlopomaspongites'Pa.llaa, 1766. (c.)VibracelKna pusilla, new species, (v. r.)Holoporella albirostris Smitt. (v. c.)Pliocene (Caloosahatchie marl): Monroe County, Florida?Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (r.)Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841. (v. c.)Gemelliporella vorax, new species, (c. Inippaliosina rostrigera Smitt, 1872. Ir.)Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1872. (v. c.)Metrarabdotos auriculatum, new species, (v. c.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.)Smittina trupinosa Johnston, 1838. (c.)Sleganoporella magnilabris Busk, 18-54. (v. r.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (c.)PLEISTOCEXE OF THE ATLANTIC COAST.Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina?Heinisepklla tuberosa, new species, (r.)Rhynchozoon verruculatum Smitt, 1872. (,v. r.)Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847. (r.)iS)Hi?ina ft-ispi;i.oso Johnston, 1838. (c.)Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. (r.)Pleistocene or Recent: Vero, Florida ? Acanthodcsia savarti forma texlurata Reuss, 1847. (r.)Acanthodcsia savarti forma lypica. (c. ) Smittina maleposita, new species, (r.)Sjm'frina om mono.iac;?,s Calvet, Bryozoaires: Resultats scientifiques de la Campagne du " Caiulen" dans le Golfe de Gascogne, Aiinales de I'Universite de Lyon, vol. -6, p. -oJ.1900. Memhranipora monostachys Waters, Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, Journal Linnean Society 1904. Memhranipora inonostachys Calvet, Bryozoen: i.rgeDnisse uer riamu^.s-' ?=" 1911. SZZ!ip^aVLtac!,ys Gueui.-Gaxivet, Bryozoaires de Texpedition des JacquesCartier, Bulletin de I'lnstitut oceanigraphique, no. 20/ , p. 9.1912 Elecm ^nonostachys Nordoaard, Revision av Universitetsmuseets samling ar norske Brvo-zoer K-1 norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skriften, 1911, no. 3, pp. 1-19.1912 M^mLnipora .nonostachys Osburn-, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin BureauFisheries vol 30, 1910, p. 227, pi. 22, fig. 29; pi. 39, fig.,87.1914. Jcl??ae..v;CA.L;,'contribution a I'etude des Bryozoaires fossUes, ^^es Bryozoairesdu Stampien, XIV, Bulletin Soci^te Geologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 14, p. 14,, pi. 4, "''? ^ . I ?.o = 0.26-0.3-1 mm. Zooec.ia'^^'==?-^?'?-'^ ""''Measurements.^Opesi&\ j^ ^Q.^^ ^^ A ria^^ =0.24-0.26 mm.rark,twns.^Our specimens agree with the ligtires given by Hmoks in l^SO andby Busk in 1859. The variety with large gymnocyst noted by Waters in 1900probably constitutes a distinct species, perhaps identical with Membrampora arcaataCanu, 1908, from the Post-Pampean of Argentina. , ? ? i :?This species extends scarcely beyond the Tropics and it has remained faxed mthe Fri-id and Temperate Zones. Its occurrence in the Pliocene of South Carolinandicat^s a great contraction of the ecpiatorial zone and the position o the Iropicof Cancer toward the thirty-third parallel. Other species confirm this phenomenon.There are 10 tentacles according to Waters. p^??.,.(9cc?r/Y/u-e.-Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry Countv,South Carolina (rare). Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare); WaiesBluff near Cornfield Harbor, St. Marys County, Maryland (rare).- 18 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Geological distribution.?Stampian, environs of Paris (Canu) ; Helvetian ofTouraine (Collection Canu); Astian of England (Busk).Habitat.?Arctic Ocean: Franz Josef Land (16-205 meters) (Waters), BarentzSea. Eastern Atlantic: English Channel, North Sea off Germany, Denmark,England, Norway (19-24 meters). Gulf of Gascony (17-180 meters), mouth of theTagus, Cape Verde Islands. Western Atlantic : Woods Hole (3-30 meters) , Panama.This species lives principally at the mouth of streams and large rivers.Plesiotypes.?Cixt. Nos. 68396-68398, U.S.N.M. E.Pyripora F.Heterooecium Fig. L?Genera of the family Electrinidae D'Orbigny, 1851.A. ?fec?ro Lamouroux, 1816. ?. piiosa Linnaeus, 1758, X 46. Recent' -a. Membrmnpom Blain^ille, 1834. M. membranacea Linnaeus, 1758, X 15 (left) and M. tuberculataJJose, 180J, X 20. Recent.C. Herpetopora Lang, 1914. //. anglica Lang, 1914, X 27. Cretaceous (after Lan.- 1914)D. Mystnopora Lang, 1915. M. mockleri Lang, 1915, X 26. Cretaceous of England nc?n^' ^'"'^?? D'Orbigny, 1852. P. catenularia Jameson, 1914, X 25. Recent. (A E., after Hincks. 19090' '^'''''"""'"'" ?'?''''' ^^^^- " '''^VlecUm Ilincks, 1892, X 55. Recent. (After Levinsen. NORTH AMEEICAUr lATEE TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 1 9Genus PYRIPORA D'Orbigny, 1852.(For description see Bulletin 100, U. S. National Museum, p. 78.)PYRIPORA BREVICAUDA, new species.Plate 9, figs. 2-4.Description.?The zoaiium encrusts Cellepore bryozoa. The zooecia are pyri-fonn, little narrowed behind, elongated, distinct, separated by a furrow; the gym-nocyst is convex and very short. The opesium is elliptical or oval, anterior.f/.o = 0.20mm. Zooecia|^^ = ^-^? "^?^-Measurements.'-0]yesi&'^ ^^ _ ^'^.^ ^^^ iaj ^^ ^ ^.^^ ^^Variations.?This small species is of a disconcerting irregularity, especiallysince the substratum itseK is very irregular. The calcified zooecia bear a largeelliptical pore. The heterozooecia are numerous and generally fusiform. Thezoarial expansions appear to be flabelliform.Occum;ice.?Miocene: Kulms, Carteret County, North Carolina (rare).Cotypes.?C&t. No. 68399, U.S.N.M.Genus MYSTRIOPORA Lang, 1915. 1915. Mystriopora Lang, New Uniserial Cretaceous Cheilostome Polyzoa, Geological Magazine ser. 6, vol. 2, p. 002.MYSTRIOPORA (?) AREOLATA, new species.Plate 33, figs. 1, 2.Description.?The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, elongated, pyriform: the gymnocyst is short, convex, smooth,much narrowed. The mural rim is thin, garnished all around with hollow spmes;the opesium is large, oval, anterior; between the zooecia are some zooecmles whoseopesium is also garnished with some spmes. The zooecia are separated from eachother by rectangular areolar spaces. Dietellae are present.(/io = 0.4omm. r, fi2 = 0.60mm.Measurements.^?Opesm'^^^ ^Q,^. ^^^ z-ooecia^^^ =0.50,mm.Affinities.?The Cretaceous genus Mystriopora Lang, 1915, shows also zoo-eciules (although the English authors thought them to be more in the nature ofavicularia) and areal spines, but it did not have areolar spaces between the zooecia.Our specimens appear, therefore, to belong to a new genus, although we prefer toemploy Lang's name provisionally because the rarity of specimens has not per-mitted us to make a tangential section in order to discover the dietellae and toestabhsh the nature of the areolar spaces. We have observed cases of double andtriple regeneration of the polypide.This species differs from Memhranipora pedunculata Hincks, 1881, also pro-vided with zooeciules, by the absence of spines and by the presence of areolar spaces.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wliarf Canyon), California(rare) . Cotypes.?Ca.t. No. 68400, U.S.N.M.TlaThec^tion of measurements ho is the length and (o the ?-idth of the opesia, Lz and tz siniilarly the length and width ofthe zooecia, Lv and Iv the same for the vibraculum, Lon and (on for the onychoeollaria, ha and la for the apertura, etc. 20 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus MEMBRANIPORA Blainville, 1834.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 77.)MEMBRANIPORA FLABELLATA Canu, 1904.Plate 10, figs. 10-14.1904. Memhranipora ftabellala C.\nu, Les Bryozoaires du Patagonien echelle des Bryozoaires pourles terrains tcrtiares, Memoires Soci6t6 G6ologique de France, Paleontologie, vol. 12, p. 7,pi. 1. fig. 8.1908. Membranipora flabellala Canu, Iconograpliie des Bryozoaires fossiles de I'Argentine, Analesdel Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol 17, p. 249, pi. 1, figs. 1-5. ^ . fAo = 0.26 mm. ? . (Z2= 0.36-0.40 mm.Measurements.?Upesiai, _ ,? Z,ooecia"|, rv oe _^ llo=0.16mm. 1/2 =0.26 mm.Structure.?The zoarium incrusts shells and algae over large surfaces formingmany superposed lamellae. The tubercles of the interzooecial angles are well pre-served only on the inner lamellae, the outermost lamellae being deprived of them.The zooecia are very deep, the mural rim is quite thick, and the opesium is crenu-lated. The superior lamellae are formed of zooecia developed around pseudoan-cestrulae. The latter do not arise from the development of a larva, but they areproduced by the gemmation of an inferior zooecium.Vanations.?One of our species from Yorktown, Virginia, is exactly similar tothe typical Argentina specimens, but our other examples present variations notnoted in the types. The variations are due evidently to the diversity of conditionsunder which the species existed, as its geographic distribution appears very great.The tubercles are very inconstant (fig. 10) and entire colonies are deprived ofthem (fig. 12). The young zooecia have thin mural rims (fig. 12) which gives theman aspect similar to that of AcantJiodesia savarti Audouin, 1826, but old zooeciaare normal and there are never large zooecia giving rise to new rows. Sometimesthe two distal tubercles are joined together (fig. 13). The tubercles are oftenreplaced by interopesial cavities (fig. 11) on the much expanded zoaria, but thepresence of normal tuberose zooecia reveals the true nature of these sorts ofspecimens.Affinities.?The exterior aspect much recalls Acanthodesia oblongula Ulrich andBassler, 1904, but the present species diff'ers in its smaller measurements (/io<0.30mm.) in the absence of opesial spicules and in its multilamellar colonies.Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : Yorktown, Bellfield and Suffolk,Virginia (rare). Miocene (Duplin marl) : 2^ miles northwest of Chocowinity and atSnow Hill, North Carolina (rare).Geological distribution.?Patagonian, Pampean and -Post Pampean of Argen-tina (Canu).Plesiotype.?Cat. Nos. 68401, 68402, T.S.X.M.MEMBRANIPORA FOSSULIFERA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 9, figs. 6, 7.1904. Menibranipora fossulifera Ulrich and Bassler, Brvozoa, Maryland Geological SurveyMiocene, p. 408, pi, 110, fig. 1.The original description is as follows:Description.?Zo&fmm forming a thin expansion upon foreign bodies. Zooecia oblong, subquadrate,sometimes obscurely hexagonal, arranged in regular longitudinal and diagonally intersecting rows',i.vith about 11 in o mm., measuring lengthwise, 9 to 10 in 3 mm., diagonally, and 11 to 13 of the longi- NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AXD QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 21 tudinal rows in 3 mm. Opesium elongate nval. generally about twice as long as wide. Walls nearlyalways a little less than half the -n-idth of the opesium. with a median channel, the ring-like elevationenclosing the opesium uniformly elevated except across the anterior end where it is higher and obliquelyarched and elevated beneath, prolialdy to form a cover for an ooecium, and is usually surmounted bva transverse rib terminating at each end in a small roun^ ^^ ^ ^ 22 - 0.24 mm. Zooecia^ ^^ ^ ^ 3^ ^^^^Affinities.?A single specimen has been found and its zooecia are somewhatdeformed by the substratum. The species differs from Membranipora tubercuJataBusk, 1859, from the Enghsh Crag in its much larger micrometric measurements.It differs from Membranipora tuberculata Bosc, 1802 (not Busk, 1859) in the muchmore reduced and very different form of its interzooecial tuberosites.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo(very rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68407, U.S.N.M.MEMBRANIPORA (7) TUBERIMARGO. new species. Plate 9, fig. 12. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical. The mural rim i? thin, rounded, a httleenlarged at the base; it bears one pair of distal and two pairs of lateral tuberosities.The opesium is large, anterior, elliptical.^ . fAo = 0.40 -0.45 mm. ? . (is = 0.45 mm.Measurements.-Opesm^ ^^ ^ ^ 25 - 0.30 mm. ^ooecia| ^, ^ ^^ 3 . _ ^^^ ^^^^ 24 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Variations.?Our niicromctric measurements have been made as far as possiblefrom the ancestrula on our single specimen. The opesium of the small ancestrularzooecia measures onh- 0.30 by 0.20 mm. The number and size of the tubercles isvery irregular. They are hollow.This species differs from Membranipora osburni in its larger dimensions, and inthe presence of two pairs of lateral tuberosities.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Cove Point, Maryland (veryrare) . Holotype.??i\t. No. 68408, U.S.N.M.MEMBRANIPORA OSBURNI. new species.Plate 46, figs. 11, 12. Description.?The zoarium incrusts sponges. The zooecia are distinct, sepa-rated by a furrow, elongated hexagonal; the mural rim is tliin, rounded, veryfinely crenulated, salient, ornamented with two distal tubercles; the proximalcryptocyst is concave and very small. The opesium is elliptical. ,, . r\ f ^0 = 0.30 mm. ? . fZ2 = 0.35mm.Measurements.?Opesia \ ^ ? ^^ Zooecia \ ^ ? ^?^ vlo = 0.20 mm. I iz = 0.28 mm.Affinities.?The micrometric measurements are smaller than Membraniporavaughani, but the species is quite close to Membranipora tuberculata Busk, 1859, inits two distal tubercles. It is distinguished from the latter by its cryptocj-st placedonly in the proximal portion of the zooecium, by its larger micrometric measurements(Z/0= O.35 mm. and not 0.30 mm.), and in its much thinner mural rim.We dedicate this interesting species to Dr. Raymond C. Osburn, of the OhioState University, in honor of his important researches upon American recentbryozoa.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). Miocene(Bowden marl) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare) . Holotype.?Cat. No. 68409, U.S.N.M.Group MEMBRANIPORAE Canu and Bassler, 1917.SECTION I. NO OVICELL.Genus MEMBRANIPORINA Levinsen, 1909.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 94.)MEMBRANIPORINA TENELLA Hincks, 1880.Plate 5, figs. 10. 11.1880. Membranipora tendla Hincks, Contributions History Marine Polyzoa, Foreign Membrani-porina II, .\nnals Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 6, p. 376, pi. 16, fig. 7.1889. Membranipora tenella Jelly, SjTionyniic catalogue of recent marine Bryozoa, p. 167.1919. Cqllopora tenella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa,Publication of the Carnegie Institution at Washington, No. 291, p. 81, pt. 5, fi". 10. ' Affinities.?This species is quite easily recognized by its very thin mural rimand especially by its small tubercles arranged more or less symmetrically on thegymnocyst. These tubercles appear to be hollow. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 25The species mav perhaps be confused with Calhpora dumerilli Savigny-Au-douin, 1826, in which the exterior aspect is quite similar; it differs from it m thepresence of nodules instead of avicularia placed on the gymnocyst (and not betweenthe opesia). , ? , t r \Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare).Eabitat.?Florida (Hincks).Plesiotypes.?C&t. No. 68410, U.S.N.M.MEMBRANIPORINA BACCAT.\, new species. Plate 9, fig. 14.Descripiwn.?T\ie zoarium is mcrusting, unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct,separated by a deep furrow, much elongated, elliptical or irregular^ The mural rimis thm, regular, salient, rounded, covered with large granules. The opesium hasthe same form as the zooecium.^ . f?io = 0.50mm. Zooecia "^^^^-''^ ?'?'-Measurements.?O-pesm | ^^ _ q 22 mm. i^ oec ^ ^^ _ ^ 35 ^^Variations.?The zooecia giving rise to new series are much larger; they arenumerous, and when the zoarium is not perfectly regular the smaller zooecia whichthey emit have not sufficient place for development and thus become deformed.We have noted traces of spicules, so that this species could possibly belong tothe genus AcantUdesia. However, it is imprudent to pronounce on this pointfrom a smgle specimen. The ensemble of the large granules of the mural rims giveto this species the aspect of a chain of pearls. , . ? ., .Occurrence.-mocene (St. Mary's formation): Bowler's wharf, IS mdes aboveUrbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68411, U.S.N.M.MEMBRANIPORINA CAUFORNICA Gabb and Horn. 1862.Plate 33, fig. 6. 1862. Membranipora califomica Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiaryformations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. ., vol. 5, p. 160, pi. 20, fig. 46.The original description is as follows:Colony encrusting, cellules arranged in lines, not always in regular quincunx. Cellules pyriform.sometimes continued behind, often abruptly truncated. Opening large, occupying two-thirds or moreoUhe cellules; varying from rounded triangular to oval, usually narrowest in front, never sharply acumi-na e Surfac; soSmes rounded about the oval opening, at other, carinate. nudway between theaperture and the margin of the cellule, from which line the surface slopes downwards, con exMnboth directions. Behind the opening the surface is convex, often narrow. No abortive cellules norovarian vescicles were observed.We have been unable to find specimens of this species and we therefore repro-duce the original description and figures for the benefit of future students.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California.12184?23?Bull. 12.1 3 26 BITLLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM.MEMBRANIPOKINA VINCULARINA, new species.Plate 9, figs. 8-10.Description.?The zoarium is free, vincular, formed of two lamellae back toback, composed of four to eight longitudinal rows of zooecia. The zooecia are elliptical, distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is wide, rounded,tuberose somewhat wider in the proximal portion; the opesium is regular, elongated, elliptical. , ? . f /to = 0.24-0.32 mm. ? . f is = 0.40-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia \ -, n ^a n ir Ziooecia \ -, r, or, n or ?,?.,^ I (0 = 0.14-0.16 mm. us =0.30-0.36 mm.Affinities.?We have not yet discovered an ovicell on any of our specimens. Thequadrangular zoaria have much resemblance to Farcimia, but their zooecia areidentical with those of the multiserial colonies.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (Yorktownformation) : 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (very rare) . Cotypes.?C&t. Nos. 68412, 68413, U.S.N.M.Genus CONOPEUM Norman, 1903.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. SG.)CONOPEUM LACROIXII Busk, 1852.Plate 1, fig. 6.1919. Conopeum lacroixii Canu and Bassler, Monograph Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North America,Bull. 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 89, pi. 13, fig. 9. (Bibliography, history and dis-tribution.) ,, . /-> f/(O = 0.40mm. ? . f is = 0.50 mm.Measurements.?Upesia \ ^ _ ?_ Zooecia { ^ ? ??^ I to = 0.20 mm. [ is = 0.28 mm.Although we have had the good fortune to discover the true Memiraniporalacroixii Audouin, 1826 (see p. 22, pi. 29, fig. 4), it is evident that the present speciesought henceforth to be classed under Busk's name of 1852. We have no newobservations to add to our previous description of this species, for the Miocenespecimens are very rare.Occurrence.?^Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Bowler's wharf, 18 miles aboveUrbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare) . Miocene (Calvert formation) : Reeds,Maryland (rare). Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare).PlesiotT/pe.?C&t. No. 68414, U.S.N.M.CONOPEUM OVALE Canu and Bassler, 1919.Plate 5, fig. 6.1919. Conopeum ovale Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies Bryozoa,Pub. Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 77, pi. 5, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, elongated,oval, the point above, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, oblique,flat; the opesium is entu-e, oval. There are two orbicular impressions at the baseof the zooecia. The Lnteropesial cavities are irregular and rare.Mea,urements.-Opes\a I h^^^f^ ?^?^- Zooecia I ^'^^-^'^ "^"^1/0= 0.15 mm. "'"' '^ [ h= 0.2omm. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 27 Affinities.?The primoserial zooecia are small and calcified. The figured speci-men alone has been found. We know no equatorial species with which to comparethe present one.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (very rare).Holotype.?Cut. No. 68415, U.S.N.M.CONOPEUM GERMANUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 10, fig. 8.1904. Membranipora germana Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 410, pi. Ill, fig. 29.The original description is as follows:Zoarium fonning a delicate crust upon foreign bodies, the largest seen being less than 1 cm. indiameter. Zooecia shallow, arranged in curved radiating lines in which about 6 occur in 3 mm. ; meas-uring transversely, 11 to 12 of the rows in the same space. Opesia large, more or less elongate-ovate,the length and width usually as 3 is to 2, separated laterally from their neighbors by about half theirwidth, enclosed by a ring-like thickening formed by a furrow separating adjoining zooecia. At some-what irregular intervals, the interzooecial space widens and is occupied by a rounded cell that mayhave lodged some kind of avicularium. These cells ^?ary greatly in size but are always considerablysmaller than the true zooecia. Occasionally the front margin of the zooecium is more elevated thanthe rest of the circumference. No o\dcells observed.The description quoted above gives all the essential features of this species.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Cove Point, Maryland (veryrare). Miocene (Choptank formation): Dover Bridge, Maryland (verj^ rare).Holotype.?Csit. No. 68416, U.S.N.M.CONOPEUM? NITIDULUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 9, fig. 5.1904. Membranipora nitidula Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 412, pi. 112, fig. 1.The original description is as follows:Zoarium apparently erect, bifoliate. Zooecia oblong, subquadrate, the length twice the width,arranged rather regularly in longitudinal and diagonally intersecting series, rarely four, usually five inthree mm. lengthwise, about seven diagonally, and ten or eleven transversely in the same spare.Opesia elongate-elliptical, separated transversely by an obtusely ridge-shaped wall generally equallingabout half their width; longitudinal interspaces about twice as great as the transverse, medially ridgedwith a crescentic ovicellar excavation below (that is, in front of each opesium) and usually a smallpore-like depression at each end of the ridge. Very minute spines or granules on inner slope of walls. ,- ^ r\ ? lho = 0.4:5 mm. ? . [i2= 0.60mm.Measurements.?Opesia^, . _? . ?_ Zooecias-, . ?_ . ??^ uo = 0.22-0.25 mm. [fe= 0.25-0.30 mm.Affinities.?A restudy of the type specimen shows that the original illustrationof the species was inverted. At the bottom of each zooecium there is a small flatcryptocyst more or less developed. The interopesial spaces are triangular. Theopesium is finely crenulated.This species is very close to Conopeum lacroixii Authors, but it difl"ers in itslarger micrometric measurements and in the presence of a small pro-xLmal cryp-tocyst. Nevertheless, as the figured example alone has been found, we can notafiBrm the constancy of this latter characteristic.Occurence.?Miocene (Choptank formation): Paw^jaw Point, Maryland (rare).HoJotype.?C&t. No. 68417, U.S.N.M. 28 BULLETIX 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.CONOPEUM BARBAREXSIS Gabb and Horn, 1862. ,Plate 33, figs. 7-9. 1862. Membranipora barbarensis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiaryformations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, aer. 2,p. 60, pi. 20, fig. 47.Description.?-The zoarium incrusts bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct, ir-regular, elliptical or oval; the mural rim is thin, flat, trenchant; the opesium islarge, elliptical or oval. The axis of the avicularium is always in the axis of theproximal zooecium. ,, ^ r\ f^o = 0.32 mm. ? ? [i2 = 0.40mm.Measurements.?Opesiai, ?,^ Zooeciai, ? ??^ Uo = 0.16mm. [te= 0.28 mm.Affinities.?There are two muscular impressions as in the genus Conopeum.The avicularium (?) is not constant; it only appears from place to place; it is ellip-tical. We are not certain of its nature for only the figured specimens have beenfound.This species differs from Ellisina {Membranipora) levata Hincks, 1882, fromthe Queen Charlotte Islands, in its thinner mural rim, and in the avicularium,always placed in the axis of the proximal zooecium (and not in all directions).Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Plesiotypes.?C&t. No. 68418, U.S.N.M. Genus CUPULADRIA Canu and Bassler, 1919. 1919. Cupuladria Canu and Bassler, The Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Brj-ozoa,Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 77.No ovicell. The zoarium bears vibracula. No gymnocyst.Genotype.?Cupuladria (Cupularia) canariensis Busk, 1859. Range: Miocene-Recent.The genotype does not belong at all to Cupularia as we now understandthis genus and as it is defined by its type species. There are neither opesiules norcryiitocyst. Previously, Smitt in 1872 classified the genotype more correctly inMembranipora as this genus was then understood. It can not, however, be main-tained in this genus since its significance has been more restricted. We were there-fore obliged to create the new genus characterized by the presence of vibracula,although these organs of zoarial adaptation may not logically furnish good genericcharacters. We only add a letter to the primitive term to modify the longsynonymy of this species as little as possible.This genus differs from Heliodoma Calvet, 1907, in the absence of a gyimiocyst.The absence of an endozooecial ovicell does not permit it to be confused with eitherVibracellina Canu and Bassler, 1917, or Setosellina Calvet, 1907.CUPULADKU canariensis Busk, 1859.Plate 1, figs. 7-9.1859. Cupularia canariensis Busk, Monograph fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleonto-graphical Society, London, vol. 14, p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 2. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 29 187'^ Membranipora canariensis Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count LF. de Pourtales,nt 1 Konsrl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiena Handhngar, vol. 10, fso. 11, p.iU-1908 Cupularia canariensis Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de L'Argentme, Amiesdel Museo Nacional de Buenos Mres, vol. 17, p. 275, pi. 5, figs. 8-10 (gives bibliography1009 Cup^daria ouineensi, Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring Islands, JournalLinnean'Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 289, pi. 37, figs. 2-6. p,i?,p,p1913 Cupularia canariensis Canu, Contributions a I'etude des Bryozoaires follies IV, Pl ocened'Al-er, Bulletin Societ6 G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 124, 1^8.1914. Cr^puhria guiniensis Osburn, The Br>-ozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, PublicationCarnegielnstitutionof Washington, No. 182, p. 194. , ? ^^ , , , -e ???^1916. Cupularia canariensis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de ^^ France,9, Aquitanien, Bulletin de la Soci6t6 G?ologique de France, ser. 4 vol. 16, p. 137, pi. i, 1919. CrfpuMria canariensis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. ;8, pi. 1, fags 8-10.This abundant, well-known fossil and recent species, distinguished by its free,cupuliform zoarium ^^^th the zooecia on the convex side having a membramporoidopesium and vibracula and with the concave side marked by distinct polygonalareas pierced by a few large pores, has been found fossil at number of AmericanlocaUties starting in the Lower Miocene and continuing to J^^ /^"-^^^^J^!,?" , /"its geological occurrence it agrees with Cupularm umheUata Defrance, 1823, whichlike-^vise begins in the Lower Miocene. ., , , t, ?, t?^,.^,.Occurrence.~l.oweT Miocene (Chipola marl): 1 nule below Badeys Ferr> , Chipola River, Florida (rare). Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Bowden,Jamaica (rare) ; Rio Gurabo, Rio Cana, and Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo (rare ;and Port Limon, Costa Rica (common). Lower Miocene (Ga un orma^on).Banana River, Costa Rica (rare). Miocene (Choctowatchee marl) Jackson Bluff,Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Phocene(Caloosahatchee marl): Monroe County, Florida (rare). . ? ,- s ? , .? ^Geological distribution.-Burdigdim of Bordeaux (Canu coUection) ; Helvetianof France (Canu) and Spain (DeAngelis); Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss)and Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy (Manzoni), England (Busk) Spam(DeAngelis) and Algeria (Canu); Astian of Italy (Neviam Canu) ; ^icdian ofRhodes (Manzoni) and Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Neviani) and Argen-tina (Canu); Miocene of Australia? (Waters).Plesiotypes.?C&t. No. 68419-68424, U.S.N.M.CUPULADRIA BIPOBOSA, new species. Plate 47, figs. 1,2. Pescription.-The zoarium is orbicular. The zooecia are distmct, large, elon-gated or transverse, large or small, generally rhomboidal; the opesium is regular,oval, variable in form in the wide zooecia. The mterzooecial vibraculum is verylarge and auriculate. On the inner face the zooecia are rectangular and each one ^^^'ZiSf-TWs interesting new species differs from Cupuladria canariensisBusk, 1852, in its larger zooecia, which bear on the inner face only two large pores. 30 BULLETIK 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. It is also very well characterized by the presence of wider zooecia in the vicinityof the zoarial margins.Occurrence.?Miocene (Bowden marl) : Santo Domingo. 'Cotypes.?C&t. No. 68425, U.S.N.M.Genus ACANTHODESIA Canu and Bassler, 1919.1919. Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa,Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79.No ovicell. The opesium is garnished laterally by small spinous processes andinferiorly by a serrate denticle. Fifteen tentacles.Genotype.?Acanthodesia (Flvstra) savarti Savigny-Audouin, 1826.Range.?Lutetian-Recent. #1 Fig. 2.?Genus Acanthodesia Canu and Bassler, 1919.Hgs. A-I. Acanthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826. A and B. Zoaria of recent specimensnatural size. C. Young zooecia, X 25. D. Older zooecia, X 25, showing small proximal denticles.E. Older zooecia, X 25, with a serrate denticle directed inward toward the basal wall. F, G. Distalseptular plates, X 250 (A-G, after Waters, 1908). H. Zoarial fragment, X 12 (after Audouin, 1826).I. A fossil specimen, X 20, sho^ving zooecia with spicules.Mgs. J-L. Acanthodesia (Membranipora) limosa, Waters, 1908. J. Two zooecia, X 55. K. Distalwall, X 55, with the peculiar spine-like processes. L. A spine-like process more highly magnifiedX 200. (Figs. J-L, after Le^dnsen, 1909.) NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 31ACANTHODESU SAVARTI Savigny-Audoain, 1826. 1812. Flustra savarti Saviony, Description de I'Egypte, Polj^ses, pi. 10, fig. 10.1826. Flustra savarti Audouin, Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes de I'Egypte et dela Syrie, p. 240.The variations in form and size of this species are extraordinary. We groupthem around some principal forms, but it is evident that the same zoarium mayexhibit all of them. These forms are as follows : 1. Forma typica. The opesium is crenulated and elongated; the large zooeciahave a cryptocyst. The zoarium is incrusting, unilamellar or bilamellar.2. Forma texturata. The cryptocyst is developed on all the zooecia. Noareal spines. No tubercles. The zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical.3. Forma reyti. The zooecia are irregular. There are areal spines. Nocryptoc3^st. No tubercles. The opesium is denticulated and not crenulated. Thezoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical.4. Forma monilifera. Like typica, but the mural rim is beaded. The zoariumis unilamellar and subcylindrical.5. Forma delicatula. The cryptocyst is short. There are areal spines. Thezoarium is bilamellar.6. Forma bifoliata. There are areal spines. The opesium is surrounded bya sort of sahent collar. The zoarium is bilamellar. Tubercles at the angles.These various forms and occurrences are noted under the following headings : ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma TYPICA. Plate 11, figs. 1-3.The opesium is crenulated and elongated ; the large zooecia have a cryptocyst.The zoarium is encrusting, unilamellar or bilamellar.Our few American specimens are encrusting. The zooecia are less elongatedthan in the forma monilifera and less spinous than the forma reyti. The micro-metric variations are very great. The granulations are as beautiful as in the othertwo forms.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Bowler's wharf, KappahannockRiver, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). Miocene (York-town formation): Near Suffolk Virginia (rare). Pleistocene: Vero, Florida(common) . Plesiotypes.?Cat. No. 68426, U.S.N.M.ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma REYTI Canu. 1909.1909. Membranipora reyti Canu, Lea Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France;III Burdigalien, Bulletin de la Soci6t6 G^ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 443, pi. 15,fig- 2.1909. Membranipora savarti C.\NU, Les Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France;III Burdigalien, Bulletin de la Soci6t6 GiSologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 444, pi. 15,fig. 3. , ^. . fi^o = 0.34-0.50 mm. ^ . [Z3 = 0.50mm.Measurements.-Opesial ^ ^ o_20-0.30 mm. ^''"^"^ Iz = 0.40 mm. 32 BULLETIN 125, UKITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. There are some long and some wide zooecia. The opesium is very finely den-ticulated and bears areal spines. The mural rim is granulated on the better pre-served specimens, wliich then resemble forma monilifera from Cercado de Mao, SantoDomingo. There are in the Canu collection specimens almost as beautiful as theSanto Domingo form.Occurrence.?Miocene (Aquitanian) : Leognan (LeThil), St. Medard-Gajac(Gironde) and St. Avit (Landes), France. Miocene (Burdigalian) : Saucats (Le-Peloua), L6ognan and Pontiac (Gironde) France.ACANTHODESU SAVARTI forma MONILIFERA Canu and Bassler, 1919. Plate 2, figs. 2, 3. 1919. Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of theWest Indies, Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79,pi. 2, figs. 2, 3.Like typica, but the mural rim is beaded. The zoarium is unilamellar and sub-cylindrical.This form is intermediate between forma reyti and forma typica. It is evi-dently the first representative in the American Basin.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Cercado de Mao, Santo Do-mingo (rare.)Holotype.?C&t. No. 68427, U.S.N.M.,ACANTHODESIA SAVARTI forma TEXTURATA Reuss, 1847.Plate 5, figs. 1-5; plate 46, figs. 8, 9.1847. Fluitrellaria texturata Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener-Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger'snaturwissenschaftliche .\bhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 73, pi. 9, fig. 1.1872. Biflustra savarti Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part I,Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 20, pi. 4, figs.92-95.1877. Flustrellaria texturata JUnzoni, I, Briozoi fossili del Mocene d'Austria ed Ungheria, II Parte,Denkschriften der math, natur. Classe der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 37, Abtheil.2, p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 45.1917. Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Canu and Basslee, Geology and Paleontology of the WestIndies, Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 79, pi.5, figs. 1-5.The cryptocyst is developed on all the zooecia. No spinous processes. Notubercles. The zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical.Measurements.-Opesmt = If^ ??- Zooecia!^" = J"JJ ?^?^-^ [esi&i^ ^^ _ ^ 20 mm. (first of series)! Iz = 0.40 mm.Our specimens have very narrow fronds. The mural rim is thick and finelytuberous. The cryptocyst is sometimes short, sometimes long. The traces ofspinous processes are quite frequent.The bilamellar form commences in the Helvetian. The variation with largecryptocyst is abundant in the Mediterranian Phocene.Occi/mnce.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl':) Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (St. Marv^s for-mation) : Bowler's wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare).Geologic distrilution.-Ilelvetmn of St. Avit and Salles (Gironde), of the falunsof Touraine (Canu collection). Phocene (Astian) of England (Busk) and of Italy(Manzoni) . Plesiotypes.??iit. Nos. 68430, 68431, U.S.N.M.ACANTHODESU SAVARTI forma BITDLIATA llrich and Bassler. 1904.Plate 11, fig. 4. 1904. Membranipora bifoliata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 411, pi. 112, figs. 2, 3, 4.There are areal spines. The opesium is surrounded by a sort of salient collar.The mural rim is thin. The zoarium is bUamellar. Tubercles at the angles.This form is much like forma delicatnla and differs only in the absence of thecryptocyst and in its thin mural rim. The collar-like structure which surrounds theopesium is not constant; it exists sometimes in the imilamellar forms.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choptank formation) : Jones wharf and Cordova. Mary-land (common).Cotyfes.?C&t. No. 68432, U.S.N.M. 34 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.ACANTHODESIA OBLONGULA Ulrich and Sassier, 1904. Plate 10, figs. 1-3. 1904. Membranipora ohlongula Ulrich and B.^sslbr, Bryozoa, Mar>'land Geological Siirvey,Miocene, p. 407, pi. 110, figs. 2-5.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a furrow of little depth, elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is rounded, regular,granular, ornamented by two large distal tubercles. The opesium is entire, elliptical,finely denticulated and provided with spicules of greater or less length.f^o = 0.40mm. ? . fL2 = 0.45-0.50 mm. ' lo = 0.15 mm. ?^^^^( Z2 = 0.25-0.30 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , r.\ r ?_ ZooeciajVariations.?The figures of Ulrich and Bassler are incomplete as the tubercleshave not been restored fully enough. On Plate 10 we reproduce a better photographof the type (fig. 1). Sometimes the tubercles are joined and form a single largedistal tuberosity (fig. 2). The micrometric measurements vary according to thespecimens and even on the same specimen they are irregular. The zooecia givingrise to a new series are larger according to the rule in the'genus.Affinities.?This species differs from Membranipora fiabellata Canu, 1904, inthe presence of spicules and in the larger micrometric measurements. It differsfrom AcantJiodesia savarti Audouin, 1826, in the presence of large distal tubercles.Occurrence.?Miocene (Calvert formation) : Plum Point, Reeds, and ChesapeakeBeach, Maryland (common). Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones wharf, Paw-paw Point, Dover Bridge, etc., Maryland (rare).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68433, U.S.N.M.ACANTHODESIA RECTANGULARIA, new species. Plate 9, fig. 11.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oyster shells. The zooecia are distinct,elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is thin, sahent; the cryptocyst is deep,short, a little convex. The opesium is large, oval, terminal.ir 4 r\ ? f^o = 0.35mm. ? . fZ2 = 0.50-0.55 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , Zooecia , ? ^r, ^n or^ [lo = 0.20 mm. [ Iz = 0.30-0.35 mm.Affinities.?On certain isolated zooecia we have been able to observe somespines, and even traces of the serrate proximal denticle. In spite of appearancesof our figure, which is incomplete because of the disappearance of the spines, thisspecies belongs really to the genus AcantJiodesia. It is well characterized by therectangular form of its zooecia.Occurrence.?^Miocene (Yorktovra formation) : 3 miles southwest of Petersburg,Virginia (rare).nololype.?C&t. No. 68434, .U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 35SECTION II. MEMBRANIPORAE WITH ENDOZOOECIAL OVICELL.Genus VIBRACELLINA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 110.)VIBRACELLINA PUSILLA, new species.Plate 10, figs. 4, 5.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are small, oval, a littleelongated, distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, rounded,salient, much enlarged at the base into a concave cryptocyst. The opesium isanterior, oval, regular. The ovicell is very small and endozooecial. The vibraculaare small, salient, elliptical, auricular.Measurements.?Opesia f/io = 0.14-0.16 mm. ^ . fL2 = 0.30mmZo = 0.10mm. [ ^2 = 0.14 mm.Affinities.?According to the rule in this genus, the ancestrular zooecia aresmaller and frequently calcified. The ancestrula engenders five normal zooeciaand three vibracular ones. In the proximal portion of the zooecia there is often avery short gymnocyst.This species differs from Membrendoecium rectum Canu and Bassler, 1920, fromthe Vicksburgian in its slightly smaller dimensions, its concave and not flat crypto-cyst and in its nonsalient mural rim.Occurrence.?Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl) : Shell Creek, De Soto County,Florida (very rare) . Miocene (Duplin marl) : Natural well, 2 mUes southwest ofMagnoHa, North Carolina (rare) . Cotypes.?Cs,t. Nos. 68435, 68436, U.S.N.M.VIBRACELLINA SIMPLEX, new species.Plate 10, figs. 6, 7.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The .zooecia are distinct, separatedby a furrow, elongated, pyriform; the gymnocyst is smooth, convex, rather short;the termen is sharp. The opesium is oval, the point above. The ovicell is verysmall and endozooecial. The vibracula are rare, very small, auriculated. Theancestrula is calcified and presents a small semilunar aperture. ,, . ^ ? f/io = 0.20mm. ? . fL2 = 0.35-0.40 mm.Measurements.?Upesia , r% m ^ ic Z,ooecia ,^ 1 10 = 0.13-0.15 mm. [t2 = 0.2omm.Structure.?The rarety of vibracula give to this species an aspect of greatsimplicity. The heterozooecia appear to be zooecia in which the development hasbeen arrested by adjacent zooecia. The ancestrula and three ancestrular zooeciaare calcified. The hexagonal symmetry in the arrangement of the ancestral zooeciais remarkable. Nevertheless, there are really only five zooecia issuing from theancestrula according to the rule, and no vibracula. We have observed calcifiedzooecia and also regenerated zooecia in vicinity of the ancestrula.This species differs from Vihracellina pusilla in its larger micrometric dimen-sions and in the very great rarity of the vibracula.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River,25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare). Miocene (Duplin marl):Natural well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, North Carohna (rare).Cotypes.?C&t. Nos. 6S437, 68438, U.S.N.M. 36 BULLETIN 125, rXlTED STATES XATIOXAL MUSEUM.Genus MEMBRENDOECIUM Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description see Bulletin 106. U. S. National Museum, p. 119.)MEMBRENDOECIUM PARVICAPITATUM, new species. Plate 12, iigs. 1, 2. Description.?The zoarium encrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the mural rim is thin and rounded. Theopesium is of the same form as the zooecium. The ovicell is very small, transverse,endozooecial, scarcely salient. A verj- small triangular avicularium appears some-times between the zooecia. ^ . [Ao= 0.36 mm. ? . fi2= 0.44 mm.Measurements.-Opesiai^ ^^^ ^ 26 mm. ^^^^'^'^l fe = 0. 32-0. 34 mm.Variations.?The measurements are very irregular. The regeneration of thepolypide is very frequent and our figure shows an ovarian zooecium replaced by anordinary one. The mural rim is very finely granulated. The small avicularium isquite rare. According to the rule in this genus it is deprived of pivot.All of the resemblances of this species are with Callopora guemei, Jullien, 1904,and it is close to this latter species that we would have to refer the present new speciesin case additional specimens should show that the small distal elevation of the muralrim is not an endozooecial ovicell.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl) ; Jackson Bluff, Ocldocknee River25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Miocene (Bowden marl) : Bowden,.Jamaica (rare).Holotype and paratype.?Cat. Nos. 68439, 68440, U.S.N.M. ? MEMBRENDOECIUM GRANDE, new species. Plate 11. figs. 10-12.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a furrow of little depth, elongated, large, irregular; the mural rim is thin, bevelled,with a sharp termen. The opesium is large, entire, of the same form as the zooecium.The ovicell is endozooecial, small, little salient, transverse.Measurements.-0^esi4]' = ^^ f/^^- Zooeciap/=^- JO ^-|/o= 0. 40 mm. [^2=0. 50 mm.Affinities.?This species has the aspect of Membranipora irregularis Manzoni,1875, of the Italian Pliocene, but differs in its larger dimensions {Lz= 0. 70 and not0. 60 mm.) and in the absence of a distal thickening in the form of a turret. It hasalso the general aspect of the recent Membranipora irregularis Smitt, 1872; but wehave noted (see p. 142 of Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum) that the latter is acharacteristic Alderina; there is therefore a fundamental difference in the ovicell.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare).Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolma (rare).Recent : Various localities in the Gulf of Mexico.Cotypes.?Cnt. Nos. 68441,68442, U.S.N.M. north' AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 37Genus OGIVALINA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For descriptioa see Bulletin 10(3, U. ^. Xational Museum, p. 117.)OGIVALINA MUTABILIS Canu and Bassler, 1919.Plate 1, fig. 3. 1919. Ogivalina mutaUlis Canu and Bassler. Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bry-ozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. SO, pi. 1, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are elongated, oval,distinct, separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, smooth, rounded; thereis often a small gymnocyst. The opesium is very large, irregular, more often oval.The ovicell is endozooecial, small, little convex. Sometimes there is a small inter-zooecial fusiform avicularium ( ?)^ . fAo = 0. 60-0 70 mm. y fL2 = 0. 75-0.95 mm.Measurements.~-O^Qs\& \j^^q 30-045 mm. -^ooeua j ^^^^ 50-0.70 mm.The great irregularity of form and zooecial dimensions of this species occasionsits name." There are some variations which recall those of llembranipora irregularisManzoni, 1875,' which possesses a mural rim enlarged at the base and also some largeinterzooecial avicularia.The present species differs from the splendid Ogivalina eximipora Canu and Bas- sler, 1917, from the Middle Jacksonian in its smaller dimensions, in the absence ofcryptocyst and in the presence of a gynmocyst. The avicularium ( ?) is identical inform and position.Occurrence. Upper Oligocene fEmperador limestone) : Old quarry, one-thirdmile north of west of Empire, Panama Canal zone (rare) . Upper Oligocene (AnguiUaformation) : Southwest side Crocus Bay Hill, Anguilla, Leward Islands (rare).Eolotype.?C&i. No. 68443, U.S.N.M.OGIVALINA PARVULA Ulrich and Bassler. 1904. Plate 12, fig. 6. 1904. Memhranipora parvula Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Mio-cene, p. 310, pi. Ill, fig. 1, 2.The original description of this species is as follows:In its general zoarial and zooecial characters this species resembles Memhranipora ^^rmana Ulrichand Bassler, 1904 and J/. pZefteia Gabb and Horn, but it is readily distinguished by the smaller size andless elongate form of its zooecia. The walls are also relatively thicker while the longitudinal arrangementof the zooecia is more pronounced. Measuring longitudinally, 8 zooecia occur in 3 mm. and transversely12 may be counted in the same space.To the above we would add that there is a small gymnocyst and that the ovicellis endozooecial and the avicularium is interzooecial.Occwrrence?Miocene (Calvert formation) : Reed's Maryland (rare.)Holoty'pe.?G&t. No. 68444, U.S.N.M. 5 Briozoi del pUocene antico di Castrocaro Bologna, 1S75, p. 10. pi. 1, Sgs. 5, S. b38 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus HINCKSINA Norman, 1903.(For description, see Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 111.)HINCKSINA QUADRISPINOSA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 10. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distmct, separatedby a very deep furrow, large, elongated, elliptical; the mural rim is convex, thin,granulated, ornamented with four distal, hollow spines. The opesium has the sameform as the zooecium. The ovicell is endozooecial, very small, scarcely salient. ,, . /^ ? [?io = 0.50-0.60 mm. ? . (is = 0.64-0.70 mm.Measurements.?(Jpesia , __. ? ?. Zooecia , _ ._^ [to = 0.24-0.26 mm. [/2 = 0.40 mm.Affinities.?^The total regeneration of the polypide is frequent and manifestsitself, as is customary by a double mural rim. This species differs from Membren-doecium grande in the presence of four distal spines. It differs from Membraniporaechinata D'Orbigny, 1839, in the presence of four (and not six) distal spines and ina much smaller ovicell. It differs from Membranipora irregularis D'Orbignj-, 1S39,of which it has the zooecial form, in its endozooecial and very small ovicell. Ourspecimen which showed the ovicell was not in a condition to be photographed.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare).Holotrjpe.?Cat. No. 68445. U. S. N. M.HINCKSINA MULTISPINATA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 11. Description.?The zoarium mcrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, elongated, oval or pjrriform, provided with a small convex andsmooth gymnocyst; the mural rim is thick, round, salient and bears 16 to 18 large,hollow spines; the opesium is anterior, oval, entire. ,, . r> ? f?io = 0.24-0.26 mm. ? . [is = 0.40 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , _,. _ .,? Zooecia , ? ._ .?.^ 1(0 = 0.14-0.16 mm. [ fz= 0.28-0.34 mm.Affinities.?The four distal spines are sometimes smaller and more crowded;the others are regularly distributed around the opesium. The figured specimenonly havmg been found, we have not been able to verify whether the ovicell is reaUyendozooecial; a single zooecium shown m our figm-e appears to have this character.We have observed a case of total regeneration of the polypide.This species differs from Membranipora variegata Hincks, 1881, in having morethan thirteen spines. It differs from Membranipora echinus Huicks, 1884, in thepossession of more than two spines in the distal third of the zooecium. It differsfrom Membranipora echinata D'Orbigny, 1839, m havmg more than six spines.It differs from Membranipora pyrula Hincks, 1881, in its smaller dimensions and inthe presence of a greater number of spines.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68446, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 39SECTION III. OVICELL HYPEBSTOMIAL, ALWAYS CLOSED BY THE OPERCULUM.Genus MEMBBANIPORIDRA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description, see Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 133.)MEMBRANIPORIDKA PARCA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 7. Description.?^The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, regularly elliptical; the frontal is formed of a convex gymnocystprincipally developed in the inferior part of the zooecium. The opesium is regularlyelliptical and beats a distal indentation in which the operculum is placed. Theovicell is convex, smooth, transverse, placed on the gymnocyst of the distal zooecium;it is always closed by the operculum. ,, , r^ ? [Ao = 0.30mm. ? . fi2= 0.50mm.Measurements.?Upesia -, ? ,-,,^ Z,ooecia , ^ ?.^ [w = 0.22 mm. 1/2 = 0.30 mm.Variations.?It is very difficult to interpret the operation of the operculumon the fossds. Here the oviceU is indeed separated from the opesium by the muralrim, but the superior indentation of the opesium which corresponds to the opercu-lum is of exactly the same form as the orifice of the ovicell. It is therefore veryprobable that our generic assignment is exact.This species rests directly upon the shell and does not secrete a calcareousdorsal. This ecqnomy of calcite is rather rare in the strata which are not exclusiveh'arenaceous.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare).Holotype.?C&i. No. 6S447, U.S.N.M.DIVISION IV. OVICELL NEVER CLOSED BY THE OPERCULUM.Genus ALDERINA Norman, 1903.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 140.)ALDERINA CESTICELLA, new species. Plate 12, figs. 4, 5. Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, elon-gated, oval, separated by a deep furrow, ornamented by a short gymnocyst; themural rim is thin; enlarged behind in the form of a cryptocyst, rounded, sahent,garnished with six to eight large distal spines; the opesium is anterior, oval, sur-rounded by a sahent and fuiely wrinkled collar. The ovicell is large, salient,globular, hemispherical, bearmg a large, inferior collar, transverse and linear. Theancestrula bears an opesial smus.^ . f/io = 0.20-0.25 mm. ? fi2 = 0.40-0.50 nam.ifea^wemenfe.-Opesiaj ^^ ^ q^^_qo2 mm. ^ooec^n^ ^^ ^ 0.25-0.30 mm.Affinities.?This species is irregular in its micrometric measurements, but thezooecial form remains always pyriform. The ancestrula is quite remarkable. Itis eUiptical and deprived of spines. It engenders two large and three small zooecia.Its opesium bears a deep sinus, the significance of which is unknown. The marginal 40 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. zooecia are larger and become almost triangular. Regenerated zooecia are quitefrequent. Although the ovicell projects much on the opesium, we think, however,that it does not become closed by the operculum. Moreover, the zooecial form isthat of Alderina imhellis Hincks, 1860.This species differs from Membranipora galeata Busk, 1854, in the presence ofsix to eight distal spines (and not four) and m the absence of a triangular area onthe ovicell.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl) : Natural well, 2 miles southwest of Mag-nolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68448, U.S.N.M.Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 145.)CALLOPORA DUMERILn Savigny-Audoain, 1826.Plate 1, fig. 2; plate 2, fig. 23; plate 12, fig. 12.1826. Fhtstra dumerilii Audouin, Explication Savigny's Egypte, Polypes, pi. 10, fig. 12.1891. Membranipora dutnerilii W.\ters, North Italian Bryozoa, Quarterly Journal GeologicalSociety of London, vol. 47, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 4.1894. Membranipora dumerilii Levinsen, Mosdyr, Zoologica Danica, Hefte 9, p. .57, pi. 4, figs. 22-25.1907. Membranipora dumerilii Calvet, Bryozoaires Expedition scientifique du Travailleur (1881-82)et du Talisman (1883), p. 385 (bibliography).1909. Callopora dumerilii Nokman, On the polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, LinneanSociety Journal, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 287.1912. Membranipora dumerilii Canu, Etude des Bryozoaires Helvetiens de I'Egypt, Memoires derinstitute Egyptien, vol. 6, p. 196, pi. 10, fig. 7 (see for complete bibliography).1919. Calloporadumerilii, var. lata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 81, pi. 1, fig. 1.1920. Callopora dumerilii Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin106, U. S. National Museum, p. 148, pi. 3, fig. 15. (see for zoological and paleontologicalbibliography).This species presents two different aspects. Very frequently the zooecium isalmost elliptical and there are two symmetrical frontal avicularia (as figured byWaters, Levinsen, and Busk). More rarely the zooecium is oval and there is onlya single small interopesial avicularium (as figured by Hincks and Jullien). Onespecimen from Anguilla has this second aspect which appears to be that of zooeciain the vicmity of the ancestrula (pi 1, fig. 2). In 1919 we separated this secondform as a new variety, var. lata, but until more specimens are collected we nowprefer to leave the synonymy as above.We refer doubtfully to this species two specimens incrusting a shell from thelower Miocene of Florida which appear to agree with Busk's figure of 1850 (pi. 12,fig. 12).American occurrence.?Oligocme (Anguilla formation): Southwest side ofCrocus Bay bluffs, uppermost horizon, 125 feet above sea level, Anguilla, LeewardIslands (rare) . Jacksonian (Castle Hayne limestone) : Wilmmgton, North Carolina(rare). Miocene (Bowden marl); Bowden Jamaica (rare). Miocene (Chipolamarl) : Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida (rare) . Habitat.?Dredged to a depth of 280 meters.Plesiotypes.?C&t. Nos. 68449, 68450, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 41CALLOPORA PARVIROSTRIS, new species.Plate 12, fig. 3. Description.?The zoarium incrusts the shell of a Pecten. The zooecia are dis-tinct, separated by a deep furrow, somewhat elongated, ovoid but with irregularcontours; the mural rim is salient, thin, granular, somewhat enlarged at the base.The opesium is of the same form as the zooecium. The ovicell is small, very globu-lar, smooth, opening below the operculum by a very small orifice. The interzooecialavicularium is triangular, suberect, very small with two large condyles for pivots. , ^ . f^o = 0.45mm. ? . fZ/2 = 0.55-0.60 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , . ?. _ ?. Zooecia , ... ? ,.^ I ^0 = 0.30-0.35 mm. [ te = 0.45-0.50 mm.Affinities.?This species belongs to the C. tenuirostris group in the presence ofits interzooecial avicularium. It differs from the genotype in its much largermicrometric dimensions and in its very small avicularium.Occurrence.?Miocene (Calvert formation) : 1 mile south of Parkers Creek,Calvert County, Maryland (very rare).Hohtype.?C&t. No. 68451, U.S.N.M.CALLOPORA LANCEOLATA. new species. Plate 12 fig. 11. Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, elon-gated, fusiform, adjacent to each other by their mural rim; the mural rim is verythin, rounded; a little enlarged at the base; the opesium is elliptical, regular;traces of three pairs of spines are visible. The ovicell is large, salient, rectangular,garnished in front by a large convex area. The avicularium is placed at the base ofeach opesium; it is large, lanceolate; the beak is very salient and directed towardthe base. ,, . ^ ? fAo = 0.35nim. ^ . fZ2= 0.60-0.70 mm.Measurements.?Opesia, - ?_ ??. Zooecia, .?.^ [Zo = 0.20-0.2o mm. lZ2 = 0.35mm.Affinities.?Above the ovicell the avicularium is frequently divided into twosmaller, symmetrical avicularia.This species differs from Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich and Bassler, 1904,in its much larger avicularia, more elongated zooecia, and in the absence of twopromuient condyles for the articulation of the operculum.Occurrence.?-Upper Miocene (Yorktown formation) : 3 miles southwest ofPetersburg (rare) and Beulahland, King and Queen County, Virginia (rare).Holotype.?Csit. No. 68452, U.S.N.M.CALLOPORA CRASSOSPINA, new species. Plate 33, fig. 13.Description.?The zoarium incrusts bryozoa. The zooecia are distmct, separ-ated by a furrow, elongated, oval; the mural rim is thin, round, little salient andbeai-s distally six large, hollow spines; the opesium is large, oval, entire. Theavicularium is interzooecial, long, fusiform, with pointed and salient beak. Theovicell is globular, salient, smooth.12184?23?Bull. 12.3 i 42 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ,, , r^ (Ao = 0.30-0.32 mm. ? . fZ2 = 0.40mm.Measurements.?Opesia , ? ?. ??. Zooecia , . ?.^ [Zo = 0.20-0.24 mm. ((2= 0.30 mm.Affinities.?-Our ovicelled specimen was not in a condition for photography,but it is well preserved and our generic determination is exact. We have observedsome calcified and perforated zooecia.In the number of spines this species much resembles Membranipora echinataD'Orbigny, 1839. It differs from it in its oval opesia and in the presence of theinterzooecial aviculariura. It belongs to the group of Callopora tenuirostris.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68453, U.S.N.M.CALLOPORA GUERNEI Jallien, 1903. Plate 45, figs. 3, 4.1903. Membranipora guernei Julhen, Bryozoaires provenant des Campagnes de VEirondelle (1886-1888), Re3ultat8 des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 40, pi. 5,fig. 3. ,, J r\ Iho = 0.33 ram.. ? . fi2 = 0.45-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia, ^ ?? _ ,-,_ Zooecia, ? ?. . ??^ (to = 0.20-0.25 mm. [te = 0.30-0.38 mm.Affinities.?The micrometric measurements noted on Jullien's figures are alittle larger than ours; but as these are drawings and not photographs an error isalways possible. Our specimens have the regularly oval zooecia shown in thefigures of the French zoologist. Moreover, the interzooecial avicularia are identicalwith those described by Calvet in the same publication, "ils sont de forme ovoidea mandibule arrondie, et disposes soit obliquement, soit transversalement par rap-port au grand axe de zoo6cies."Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (verj- rare).Habitat.?Gulf of Gascony at 135 meters.Plesiotypes.?Cut. No. 6S454, U.S.N.M.CALLOPORA PILUM Jullien, 1903. Plate 45, fig. 5.1907. Membranipora filum Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition Scientifique du Travailleur et du Talis-man, p. 386 (bibliography).The ovicell of this species has not yet been described exactly, but Calvet writesthat there are many ovicells which have the peculiarity of being operculated; thatthey are rather salient, have a semicircular basal contour and are provided with asemicircular orifice placed below the zooecial orifice. We believe that there is,therefore, no doubt in assignmg the species to the genus Callopora, although thefigure of Smitt, 1872, suggested an endozooecial ovicell. Our specimens are encrust-ing a coral.Occurrence.?Pleistocene, Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare).Habitat.?Northeast of Morocco (714 meters). Cape Verde Islands (110-180meters), Azores (80-318 meters), Corse and Florida (21-97 meters).Plesiotype.?G&t. No. 68455, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 43CALLOPORA HORRIDA Hincks, 1880.Plate 33, figs. 18, 19. 1880. Membranipora horrida Hincks, Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa,Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 6, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. G.1908. MembTani'poTa horrida Robertson, The incrusUng Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the WestCoast of North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5,p. 260, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4.1898. 7 Membranipora californiensis Waters, Observations on Membranipoadae, Journal LinneanSociety Zoology, vol. 2G, p. 681, pi. 49, fig. 14. ^ . (7(0 = 0.28-0.30 mm. ? Ji2 = 0.50mm.ifeasuremente.?Opesia|^^_Q_^g_Q_^g ^^^ ^???"^|Zz= 0.30-0.40 mm.Our specimens have two areal spines, sometimes four. They present micro-metric measurements a little different from those noted on Miss Robertson's figure;it is difficult, however, to admit two distinct species, the other characters beingvery similar. In studying a recent specimen of this species we have been convincedthat the orifice of the ovicell is very small and can not be closed by the operculum.Membranipora californiensis Waters, 1898, presents six articulated areal spines;our form is therefore intermediate between Waters' species and that of Hincks.This species differs from Membranipora occuUata Robertson, 1908, in shorteropesium, and in its larger and differently placed avicularium.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, CaUfornia (rare).Habitat.^Enstevn Pacific: Pacific Grove (Robertson) and the Queen Char-lotte Islands (Hincks).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68456, U.S.N.M.CALLOPORA CIRCUMCLATHRATA Hincks. 1881.Plate 34, figs. 1-3. 1881. Membranipora circinndathrata HiNCKa, Contribution general history of Marine Polyzoa 7,Foreign Membranipora, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 131 (sep.72), pi. 5, fig. 1. ?? e *i,1908. Membranipora circumclathrata Robertson, The incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of theWest Coast of North America, University of California Publications. Zoology, vol. 4, p. 259,pi. 14, figs. 1, 2.Structure.?In this species the ovicell is not closed by the opercidum. Notonly is this quite visible on the fossils but we have been able to verify it on a recentspecimen dredged off Santa Monica. Sometimes a triangular pore is visible m theseparating furrow of two zooecia; it is clearly attached to one of the mural runs andit is perhaps the base of a pedunculate avicularium as is the genus Cauhramphus.We have not observed these pores on our recent specimens. At the base of eachopesium there is a small triangular avicularium with salient beak placed on themedian zooecial axis. It sometimes becomes very large and is developed obliquelyas in Callopora horrida Hincks, 1880. Nevertheless, the presence of wide-spacedareolar pores differentiates the two species clearly.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Monica (Long Wharf Canyon) , California (rare).Habitat.?Pacific coast of California.Plesiotypes.?Cat. No. 68457, U.S.N.M. 44 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.CALLOPORA (?) SPECIOSA Gabb and Horn, 18G2.Plate 9, fig. 13. 1862. Membranipora speciosa Gabb and Horn. Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary forma-tions of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5,p. 159, pi. 20, fig. 45.The original description is as follows:Colony encrusting in irregular patches, composed of elongated, oval cells, often crowded out oftheir normal shape. Cells arranged in longitudinal lines and in somewhat irregular quincunx, oftenassuming a transverse arrangement; aperture occup\-ing the whole of the surface, cell walls plain,angular, at their edge or slightly rounded. Interior of the cell, regularly concave, with the sides of theconca\'ity reaching almost to the top of the walls; in new cellules the germinal plate only is seen. Thisgerminal plate often extends for a considerable distance beyond the colony (half an inch) and is markedby irregular longitudinal lines, frequently bent suddenly in an oblique direction and then continuedlongitudinally as before. Between the cellules are frequently open angular spaces, caused by theinaccurate apposition to the cellules.Occurrence.?Miocene: Chiriqui, Central America.CALLOPORA (T) MULTIPORA Gabb and Horn, 1862.Plate 33, fig. 12.1862. Siphonella (Pliistrellaria) multipara Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary audTertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Piiiladelphia,ser 2, vol. 5, p. 154, pi. 21, fig. 38.The original description follows:Colony free (arranged in a tube in the only specimen we have seen), cellules outside, back, orinside of the tube showing the outline of the cellules. Cellules oval, juxtaposed, placed in irregularquincunx. Opening lai^er, occupying nearly the whole surface of the cellule; usually of the sameshape as the cellule, sometimes having the proximal end wider than the distal end. Cell walls convexor flattened; marked by a variable number of pits often surrounded each by a distinct elevation or wall.The mouth is sometimes constricted by a small rim, parallel with the ordinary wall, placed inside of.and below it. This rim is ornamented in the same manner as the larger one.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California.Genus AMPmBLESTRUM Gray, 1848.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 156.)AMPHreLESTHUM CONSTRICTUM Ulrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 13, figs. 1-6.1904. Amphiblestmm comtrictum Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological SurveyMiocene, p. 413, pi. 115, figs. 6, 7; pi. 118, fig. 15.The original description is as follows:Zoarium forming crusts of small extent upon shells, the types growing on a Peclen. Zooeciaarranged in rather irregular rows, 6 to 8 in 3 mm. Aperture subo\-ate, more or less constricted in frontof the midlength, enclosed a sloping and finely striated border, widest posteriorly. Frontal laminavery little developed forming the sloping and transversely striated border just mentioned. Ovicellsabundant, large, moderately convex, the middle portion distinguished by being minutely pitted orporous. Avicularia of moderate size, usually one, rarely two to each zooecium. of the same t}-pe as inA. flemingi but with the apex more prominent. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 45 This species is closely related to A. flemingi Busk. 1854, and A. trifolium Wood, both li^-ing in theBeas of to-day and known also as fossils from late Tertian- beds of England and Italy. It is distinguishedfrom both by the lesser development of the frontal lamina. The constriction of the aperture ifl usuallymore pronounced in A. constricta. ? . (?io = 0.30mm. ^ ? (iz = 0.52-0.54 mm.Measurements.?Opesi&l^-^^ ^ ^ 22 mm. ^ooeciaj ^^^ q gg ^^_Variations.?The cryptocyst is very little developed; it is more like a proximalenlargement of the mural rim. By abrasion of the surface, the five dietellae areeasily visible. The beak of the avicularium is salient and rounded. The twosalient condyles arranged symmetrically in the opesium are intended to support thearticulation of the operculum. The ancestrula is orbicular, without spines. Itengenders one large and three small zooecia; the two groups are separated by twolarge zooecia derived from the small ones. We have observed some calcified zooeciaperforated by a small median pore. Regenerated zooecia are rare.Affinities.?In a recent letter, Mr. Waters remarks that the differences betweenthis species and AmpUhlestrum flemxmji Busk, 1854, are not sufficient to separatethe two species. It is evident that we have here a difficult problem in specific deter-mination and that we are not yet able to distinguish the true characters of the speciesfrom those of a variety. The problem is further complicated by the great zooecialvariations.The micrometric measurements taken on the recent spechnens and on thosefrom the Helvetian of Touraine and the Tortonian of Eisenstadt, Hungary, arealways smaller than those of A. constrictum, a character which may be sufiicient tomaintain the American species. The American specimens also appear deprived oforal spines. However, the specific name is a small matter if the illustrations aregood for careful comparisons.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare).Miocene (Yorktown formation): 3 miles southwest of Petersburg, Virginia (rare).Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County, South CaroUna(rare) . Plesiotypes.?Csit. Nos. 68456. 68459, U.S.N.M.AMPHIBLESTKUM TENXJIPARIETIS, new species.Plate 13, fig. 7. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, sepa-rated by a deep furrow, hexagonal, rounded above; the mural rim is very thin,rounded, very finely granulated; the cryptocyst is of httle depth, concave, gran-ular; the opesium is oval, narrowed laterally by two condyles serving for articu-lation of the opercular valve; it bears a concave or undulated proximal border.The avicularium is elliptical, sahent, with pointed beak directed below.^ . fAo = 0.30mm. ^ ? fZ2 = 0.55 mm.ifeasuremcnis.?Opesiaj ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ Zooeciaj ^^^ q 45 ^^Affinities.?The ancestrula is orbicular, garnished with very small spines, itengenders three small and two large zooecia.This species is quite close to Amphiblestrum Jlemingi Busk, 1854; it differsfrom it in the absence of gjTnnocyst, and in the larger ancestrular zooecia. It 46 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. appears to be the equatorial equivalent. AmpJiiUestrum Jlemingi is a species fromthe cold and temperate regions; it occurs from the polar circle to the forty-fourthparallel in depths where the temperature is from 3.1? to 6.7? C. Our Americanspecies represent, therefore, the simplification which the warmth of the watersmay provoke in a species.Occurrence.?^Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68460, U.S.N.M.Genus RAMPHONOTUS Norman, 1894.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 163.)RAMPHONOTUS ASPERUS. new species.Plate 13, figs. 11-13. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and masses of Stylopoma sjwngites.The zooecia are elongated, distinct, oval, much enlarged at the base; the muralrim is thin, much enlarged in the lower part of the cryptocyst, and bears two largeareal spines and generally four smaller ones; the opesium is anterior, oval, trifo-liated, narrowed laterally by two little salient condyles on which articulates prob-ably the opercular valve. The ovicell is hyperstomial, salient, globular, orna-mented by a small transverse area. The avicularium is large, salient, transverse,triangular, with beak pointed and tliin and placed regularly below each opesium.Elongate zooecia: ,, , ^ ? (/to = 0.24 mm. ? ? fis = 0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , ^ ?^ Zooecia , _ . _^ I (0 = 0.20 mm. I (2 = 0.40 mm.Transverse (short) zooecia: ? . 1^0 = 0.18-0.20 mm. ? . (Ls=--0.44 mm.Opesia, -, ?? Zooecia , ...^ [to = 0.20 mm. I (.3 ==0.40 mm.Variations.?The zooecia are often short and wide. The number of spines isvariable and may be eight, but there are always two large hollow spines on theovicelled zooecia. The calcified and perforated zooecia and regenerated zooeciaare not rare. All of the avicularia are not large and transverse; they are some-times much reduced and orbicular, especially in the vicinity of the ancestrula.The walls are fragile and fossilization gives the species quite variable and curiousaspects (fig. 12). The dietellae are arranged as in Callopora (fig. 13).The presence of species of this genus seems to indicate that in the localitieswhere 'they lived the waters were calm and little rich in diatoms.Affinities.?This species differs from Ramphonotus agellus Ulrich and Bassler,1904, in its triangular avicularium placed transversely. It differs from Rampho-notus rhyncTiota Busk in its very different dimensions and in the presence of morethan two spines.Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : 3 miles southwest of Peters-burg, Yorktown, Beulahland, King and Queen County, 1 mile northeast of Suffolk,and other locahties in Virginia (rare) . Cotypes.?CsLt. No. 68461, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 47RAMPHONOTUS MULTISPINATUS, new species.Plate 34, fig. 4. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are oval or elliptical,elongated, distinct; separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is wide, salient,round, and bears four small distal spines, two large hoUow spines at the level ofthe condyles, and a variable number of areal spines; the opesium is anterior, oval,trifoliated. On the gymnocyst there is a large avicularium. ,, , r^ \h.o = 0.24tinm. ? . (is = 0.40-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , r>i^nio Zooecia, rvoorv.n^ 1 (0 = 0.16-0.18 nam. I te = 0.28-0.40 mm.Affinities.?The two large spines are fixed at the level of the condyles whichnarrow the opesium and which serve for the articulation of the opercular valve.This species differs from RampJionotus asperus in its spines, which are morenumerous and of two Idnds.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68462, U.S.N.M.RAMPHONOTUS AGELLUS Ulricb and Bassler, 1904.Plate 13, figs. 8-10. 1904. Amphiblestrum agellus Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland, Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 414, pi. 112, figs. 7a, 76; pi. 118, fig. 14.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, ovoid, much enlarged at their base; the mural rim is thin andsharp; the cryptocyst is short, oblique, concave. The opesium is transverse, tri-foliate, much narrowed at the level of two large spines and of the hinge of the oper-cular valve. The oviceU is quite salient, globular, smooth, formed of two cal-careous lamellae the superior one of which is incomplete and limits a small semi-lunar frontal area. The gymnocyst bears a large very salienf oblique aviculariumwith its beak turned toward the base. ,, . /-v ? (Ao = 0.20mm. ? . [2.2 = 0.46 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , . ?_ . _ , Zooecia , nor, r.Ar^ I io = 0.22-0.24 mm. | te = 0.30-0.46 mm.Variations.?The original type of the species is incomplete and formed ofancestrular zooecia, which in this genus are always much smaller than the normalzooecia. Other specimens found at the same horizon in Virginia appear to representthe true form of the species. The avicularium is triangular and very salient. Onaccount of its oblique arrangement it is very fragile and is not well preserved infossilization. The opesium is elongated in the ancestrular zooecia but transversein the other.Affinities.?This species differs from Ramphonotus minax Busk, 1864, in itstrifoliate opesium and in its avicularium oriented in the zooecial axes. It differsfrom R. asperus in the presence of two large spines instead of six and in its aviculariumnot arranged transversely. The worn or broken forms of this species are verydifficult to distinguish.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Cove Point, Maryland (rare) ; Bowler's wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare).'Plesiotype?C&t. No. 68463, U.S.N.M. 48 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus CAULORAMPHUS Norman, 1903.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 174.)CAULORAMPHUS POROSUS, new species.Plate 33, fig. 17. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and bryozoa. The zooecia are large,distinct, separated bj' a deep furrow, irregularly elliptical; the mural rim is thinflat, finely striated, very little enlarged at the base; the opesium is large of the sameform as the zooecium. Between the mural rims in the separating furrow there arenumerous pores (8 to 10) which are bases of pedunculate and articulate avicularia. ^ ? . f?io = 0.40-0.44 mm. ? . [i2 = 0.60mm.Measurements.?Opesia , _ ?? _ ?? Zooecia , _ .. _ ._^ 1 ?o = 0.28-0.32 mm. 1 42=0.44-0.50 mm.Affinities.?It should be remarked that the pores are not arranged on the muralrim where the termen is sharp. There are therefore no hollow spines; but they formthe base, the place of attachment of pedunculate avicularia which surmount them.It is therefore in the genus Cauloramphus that this remarkable species must beclassified.The avicularia being organs of oxygenation we suppose that this species mustlive in absolutely calm waters little rich in diatoms. The incessant agitation of themandibles appears to be intended to renew the impure water and to thus carryoxygen and nourishment.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68464, U.S.N.M.CAULORAMPHUS TRUNGULARIS, new species.Plate 33, figs. 14-16. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and bryozoa. The zooecia aredistinct, separated by a wide and deep furrow, elongate, elliptical, with a very shortproximal gynmocyst; the mural rim is wide, rounded, salient and bears two smalldistal and eight large areal hollow spines placed in the distal half of the zooecium;the opesium is elliptical or oval according to the form of the zooecium. The ovicellis hyperstomial, globular, ornamented by a semicircular area. In the separatingfurrow with each zooecium there is a small triangular pore which is the base of thearticulation of a pedunculate and articulate avicularium. ,/ ../-?? 1^0 = 0.30-0.34 mm. _ . [1,2= 0.48-0.52 mmMeasurements.?Opesia , ? , o r^ oo Zooecia, ^^^ Uo = 0.18-0.22 mm. 1 Zz= 0.32-0.40 mm.Affinities.?The presence of the small exterior avicularium at the line of thespines seems to indicate Memhranipora {Cauloramphus) corniculifera Hincks, 1882,from the Queen Charlotte Islands. It differs from it in a smaller number of spines(less than 18) and in the very different arrangement of distal and areal spines. Itdiffers from Cauloramphus spiniferum Johnston in the larger micrometric measure-ments (Z2>0.43 mm.), in the presence of less than 12 spines and in the triangularform of the pore of the pedunculate avicularium. The tAvo species are evidentlyvery close.The ancestrular zooecia are smaller than the others. The ancestrula is oval,garnished by 12 spines; it engenders three large and three small zooecia. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 49 This is the sixth species with large spines'found at Santa Barbara, California.We are ignorant of the true function of these spines, but there is reason to behevethat theh- ensemble forms a trap for diatoms the usual food of bryozoa. The verycalm waters off California, therefore, obliged these animals to multiply their meansof capture.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Coiyyes.?Cat. No. 68465, U.S.N.M.Family AETEIDAE Smitt, 1867.Genus AETEA Lamouroux, 1812.(See Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 179, for discussion.)AETEA ANGUINA? Linnaeus, 1758.Plate 24, fig. 15.To this recent species we have referred doubtfully the creeping network ofa bryozoan from the PUocene of South Carolina. Without a more complete zoa-rium' it is impossible to make a more definite identification, but we figure the speci-men in order to caU attention to fossU bryozoa of this type of structure. Thegeological distribution and other features of this species have been given m ourMonograph on North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa.Occun-ence.?Pliocene (Waccamaw marl): Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina.Plesiotyfe.?Csii. No. 68466, U.S.N.M.Family CHAPERIIDAE Jullien, 1888. 1888. Chaperiidae Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaiies, p. 61.The orifice is semilunar, or subcircular, very large, entirely closed by theoperculum, provided interiorly with one or more calcareous plates serving forthe msertion of the retractor muscular fibers of the operculum; the frontal isdeprived of pores. The ancestrula, of the same form as the zooecia, is oval andbears some articulated spmes on the border. (Translated after Jullien.)Genus CHAPERIA Jullien, 1881 (first group). 1881. Chaperia Jullien, Remarques sur quelques Espfeces de Br>-ozoaires Cheilostomiens, BulletinSoci6t6 zoologique de France, vol. 6, p. 61.Two internal calcareous plates, with extremities fixed and serving. for theinsertion of the retractor muscular fibers of the operculum. (Translated, afterJullien.)Type.?Chaperia {Flmtra) acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824. Kange:Miocene?Recent. , j cThe species of this genus corresponding exactly to Jullien s definition are:Chaperia {FlitMra) acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824; C. (AmphiUestrum)spinosa MacGillivray, 1881; and C. spinosissima Calvet, 1904.The ovicell of these forms has never been figured. Jullien alone affirmed(but he has given no figure) that the operculum does not close the ovicell. Watersand Calvet classify in the same genus a certain number of other forms with concave 50 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. /a FiQ. 3.?Genus CAopmo Jullien, 1881.Figs. A-G. Chaperia acanthina Quoy and Gaymard, 1824.A. Interior of a zooecium shoxving the polypide and the retractor muscles of the operculum. Theseare the two enormous muscular bundles which characterize the family Chaperiidae, determining inthe zooecia the formation of the calcareous lateral plates situated below the orifice. Such plates are themost characteristic remains of this anatomical arrangement which existed as far back as the Creta-ceous period.B. A young colony, X "0, treated with "eau de javelle," showing the ancestrula with the base ofthe spine of the circumference. In this ancestrula the two lateral funnels which serve for the insertionof the retractor muscles of the operculum, can be seen.C. Diatoms and radiolaria found in the digestive apparatus of this species, X 216. The radiolarianis Dyctioca specuhan Ehrenberg, a species encountered in many other bryozoa.D. Very young zooecium bearing spines and in the orifice of which the funnels in process of forma-tion, still unseparated, can be seen.E. Zooecia covered over by the ectocyst and bearing marginal spines. (Figs. A-E, after Jullien,1888.)F. Operculum (after Kirkpatrick, 1890). NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 51 frontal and characterized by the same calcareous lamellae. With our presentpoor state of knowledge of the larva we can not be absolutely certain that thissingle anatomical peculiarity is sufficient to characterize a family. We think,therefore, that it is preferable to group in a distinct section these species withconcave frontal under the same name but placed under the authority of Waters.The Cretaceous forms figured by D'Orbigny and Hagenow have already beenseparated under tha name of Hagenowinella Canu, 1900.Jullien, who has studied and figured Memhranipora galeata Busk, 1852, hasnot classified it in his genus.Genus CHAPERIA (Waters, 1898) Levinsen, 1909 (second group).1909. Chaperia Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatoua Bryozoap. 115.The original description of this genus by Levinsen follows:The distal part of the zooecium is furnished internally with two lateral spaces open towards thefrontal surface (sometimes coalesced to a single horseshoe shaped one), formed by two plates whichproject from the side walls and converge towards the distal wall. Each distal wall has two multiporous Fig. 4.?Genus Chaperia (Waters, 189S) Levinsen, 1909.Figs. A-D. Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 1898. A. Specimen, X25, from Port Elizabeth, SouthAfrica, showing the principal variations of the avicularia, etc. B. Operculum of the orifice of theovicell, X85. C. Operculum of the aperture, X85. D. Mandible of the avicularium, XS5. (Figs. .V-D, after Waters, 1898.)Fig. E. Chaperia cervicornis Busk, 1852. Zooecia showing the operculum of the aperture and thatof the ovicell in position (after Hincks, 1881). rosette plates [septular plates] and the distal half of each side wall a single one. Hyperstomial freeooecia with a completely calcified ectooecium [and a special operculum]. The zooecia, which maysometimes have a membraneous opercular valve, sometimes a cliitinous compound operculum, aregenerally strongly provided with spines and have often a well-developed [concave] cryptocyst. .V\-icu-laria sometimes trumpet shaped, not always present. The colonies are generally incmsting.Type.?Chaperia hilamellala Waters, 1898. ?To this genus belong the following species;Chaperia (Amphiblestrum) cristata Busk, 1884. 52 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Chaperia {Merribrani-pora) annulus Manzoni, 1875 (Chaperia galeata Busk,1852)Chaperia {Merribranipora) cervicornis Busk, 1852.Chaperia (Eledra) cylindracea Busk, 1884.Chaperia {Membranipora) albispina MacGillivray, 1882.Chaperia (Amphiblestrum) capensis Busk, 1884.Chaperia palulosa Waters, 1904.Chaperia tropica Waters, 1909.Chaperia galeata Busk, 1852.Chaperia bilamellata Waters, 1898.In this list given by Levinsen there is not a single species recognized as iden-tical with the genotype of JulHen. The best known species of this group is Chap-eria galeata Busk, 1852. The best figures have been drawn from the fossils. Theonly good figures of the recent specimens have been given by Jullien, 1888, whichhave not the characteristic lamellae. On the contrary, Chaperia hilamellata Waters,1898, has been perfectly drawn with its chitinous appendages. Levinson classifiedthis genus in the Bicellariidae.CHAPERIA GALEATA Busk, 1852. Plate 34, figs. 8-10.1852. Membranipora galeata Busk, Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in British Museum, Cheilostomata,pt. 2, p. 62, pi. 65, fig. 5.1870. Membranipora annulus Manzoni, Briozoi fossili Italian!, Quarta contribuzione, Sitzungs-berichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 61, Abth. 1, p. 7,pi. 1, fig. 6.1875. Membranipora annuluiyi\>izo-si. I Briozoi del pliocene antico di Caatrocaro, p. 12, pi. I, fig. 9.1877. Membranipora annulus Manzoxi, Bryozoaires du pUocene sup4rie;ir, de I'ile de Rhodes,Memoirs de la Soci6te G^ologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 1, Mem. No. 2, p. 62.1879. Membranipora galeata Busk, Polyzoa from Kerguelen Island, Philosophical TransactionsRoyal Society London, vol. 168, p. 195.1879. Membranipora annulus Seguexza, Le formazioni terziarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Cal-abria), Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Mate-matiche e Naturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 80, 198, 294, 328.1882. MembraniporaZdenlata W.^ters, Fossil Bryozoa from Mount Gambler, South Australia,Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 38, p. 263, pi. 8, fig. 14.1884. Membranipora galeata Busk, Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger (1873-1876), Pt. I, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 64.1884. Amphiblestrum cristatum Busk, Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger(1873-1876), Pt. I, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 63, pi. 15, fig. 1.1887. Mem,branipora annulus W.^teks, Tertiary ChUostomatous Bryozoa from New Zealand, Quar-terly Journal Geological Society, vol. 43, p. 47, pi. 6, figs. 2, 5, 9.1887. Membranipora annulus Pergens, Pliocane Bryozoen von Rhodes, Annalen dea k. k. natur-historischen Hofmuseums, vol. 2, p. 17.1888. Membranipora galeata Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires,p. 75, pi. 5, figs. 6, 8.1891. Membranipora'annulus Neviani, Briozoi postpUocenici del sotto suolo di Livorno, BoUettinodella Societia Geologica Italiana, vol. 10, p. 116.1895. Amphiblestrum annulus MacGillivray, Monograph of Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Trans-actions Royal Society Victoria, vol. 4, p. 43, pi. 6, fig. 3.1895. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presaoRoma,Palaeontographica Italica, vol. 1, p. 96 (sep. 20), no. 10. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 53 1895. Membranipora gahata Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d'ltaUa, BoUettino dellaSociety Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 233 (sep. 9), 1896; vol. 5, pt. 3,p. 121 (sep. 20).1896. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabna), Atti Acca-demia Gioenia di Scienze Natural! in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 14.1898. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d'ltaUa, BoUettino de la . Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, vol. 7, pt. 4, p. 4; pt. 5, pp. 4, 6, 13 (sep.); 1900,pt. 6, p. 66 (sep. 9). _ . _ .1898. Chaperia annulus Waters, Observations on Membraniporidae, Journal Linnean SocietyZoology, vol. 26, p. 673.1898. Chaperia annuhis, variety bilaminota Waters, Obser^-ations on Membrampondae, JournalLinnean Society, Zoology, vol. 26, p. 673, pi. 47, figs. 5. 8, 9.1901. Membranipora galeata Neviani, Br>-ozoi neogenici delle Calabrie, Paleontographia italica,vol. 6, p. 152. .1904. Membranipora galeata Calvet, Bryozoen, Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalhaensiche Sam-melreise, 1892, 1893, vol. 3, p. 10.1908. Chaperia galeata Cani:, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de 1'Argentine, Pt. I, Analeadel Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 262, pi. 3, figs. 13, 14.1909. Chaperia galeata Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition Antarctique Francaise, Sciences Naturellea,p. 17.Historical.?Waters cleared up the principal characters of this species; hemade known its structure and showed its identity with the fossil Membraniporaannulus Manzoni of the Miocene. The complete bibliography which we giveabove, resulted from his work.The name galeata is the oldest, but from the description and P.gure in the British Museum Catalogueidentification has not been made, and I should not have recognized it as a synonym without an examina-tion of the Museum specimen. (Waters, 1908.)However, in 1888 Jullien believed he had rediscovered Busk's species; hegave an exceUent figure, but he did not classify it in his genus Chaperia. Jullienappeared to be mistaken, since Waters did not cite his work at aU in the synonymy.On the other hand, Calvet, 1904, who had studied numerous specimens, rectifiedthe omission of Waters. The fossil specimens of the Canu collection have neverthe aspect 5hown in Jullien's figures. .Ajffinities.?The. number of spines varies from four to six. The zooecia mcircle are the ancestrular zooecia. It is remarkable that the genus Chaperiawidespread in both hemispheres since the Miocene has emigrated into the SouthernHemisphere.We do not believe that the entire synonymy adopted above is exact; thereare certainly many species confounded under this name. Even in Italy under thename of Chaperia annulus the authors appear to have confused at least two species.Notably our specimens from Farnesina are absolutely distinct from those (and theyare quite numerous) which we have collected in the Pleistocene of Palermo. But all these species are so variable that it is very difficult to find constant characters.Occurrence.?Pleistocene : Santa Barbara, California (very rare) . Santa Monica(Rustic Canyon), California (very rare).Geological distribution.?Uelveti&n of Italy (Seguenza); Zanclean of Italy(Seguenza); Entrerrian of Patagonia (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Waters);Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters) : Plaisancian of Italy (Manzoni, Xeviani) : a 54 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Astian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); PostPliocene of Italy (Neviani).Habitat.?Kerguelen Islands (42 meters); Malouines Islands (6 to 16 meters);Bare Orange, Smiths Strait (12 to 27 meters); Straits of Magellan (16 meters);Southern Tierra delle Fuego (11 meters); Port Charcot (40 meters); Booth WandelIsland (30 meters); station 320 of the Challenger, near Montevideo (960 meters).The varieties hilaminata and multifida have been found in the Indian Ocean and atthe Cape of Good Hope, the latter at a depth of 720 meters.PUsioiype.?C&t. No. 68467, U.S.N.M.CHAPERIA CAMINOSA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. Plate 14, figs. 2-4. 1904. Membranipora caminosa Ulrich and Bassleb, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey,Miocene, p. 409, pi. Ill, figs. 3, 4.Ulrich and Bassler's original description follows:Zoarium adnate, forming a thin, single sheet of indefinite extent. Zooecia arranged quincuncially,6? measuring longitudinally and 7J to SA diagonally, in 3 mm. Opesia subcircular, separated by one-half to two-thirds their diameter; when the ooecium is wanting, a rim-like border encloses the anterio-half of the opening. Ooecia very high, with a rib across the top, and just in front of the latter a promi-nent chimney-Uke tube or hollow spine projecting obliquely over the zooecium next above. Whenthe ooecium is broken away a semiovate or quadrangular concave space is uncovered between the endsof following zooecia. The hollow tubule behind the zooecial aperture is always present, but it isusually worn down so as to appear as merely a thick-rimmed pore. Where the zooecial arrangementis irregular or changed, a second or even a third tubule, each directed forward, may occur between thethree zooecia.This species is a perfectly characterized Chaperia. We reproduce figures ofthe types corrected with more care. Above each zooecium there is a very constant,small, erect, triangular avictilarium with its beak above. A large pedunculateavicularium appears in a corner of the cryptocyst; it is almost always broken andappears only as a very irregular pore. There are four large distal articulatedspines. We have from the Pleistocene of Palermo (Sicily) a variety of Cliaperiaannulus Manzoni, 1875, very close and which presents also a very constant, small,distal, triangular avicularium. The present species differs from it in the presenceof the large, pedunculate avicularium, and its ovicell not smooth and formed oftwo thick, separable calcareous layers and in the triangular avicularimn placed onthe ovicell.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choptank formation): Jones Wharf, Maryland (rare).Cotypes.?C&t. No. 68469, U.S.N.M.CHAPERIA PARVISPINA, new species. Plate 14, fig. 1.The figured specimen is the only one which has been found. It incrusts anoyster shell and is too incomplete to permit an exact description. However, thecomplete absence of large distal articulated spines is a specific character whichamply justifies the establishment of a new species. They are replaced by a variablenumber of minute and very fragile spines. NOKTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 55 ? . (;io = 0.30mm. (is = 0.40-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia^ ^^ ^ ^ 26 mm. ^ooeciaj ^^ _ ^^^ ^^^^Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare).Eolotype.?Cat. No. 68470, U.S.N.M.Family FARCIMINARIIDAE Busk, 1852.Genus NELLIA Busk, 1852.(For description, see Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 195.)NELLIA OCULATA Busk. 1852.Plate 2, figs. 5-7. 1816. Fardmia tenella Lamarck, Histoiie naturelle des animaux sans vertfebres, vol. 2, pi. 2,figs. 2G, 27.1816. Cellaria tenella Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertfebres, ed. 1, p. 135.1834. Cellaria tenella Blainville, Manuel d'Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie, p. 455.1850-1852. Cellaria tenella D'Orbigny, Paleontologie Francaise: Terrain Cr^tace, vol. 5, p. 28.1852. Nellia oculata Busk, Catalogue Marine Polyzoa, British Museum, Pt. I, Cheilostomata, p. 18,pi. 64, fig. 6; pi. 65, fig. 4.1873. Nellia oculata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Pt. II: Kongl. Svenska A'etenskaps-AkademiensHandlingar. vol. 10, no. 11, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 53, 54.1880. Nellia oculata MacGiluvray in McCoy's Prodomus of the Zoology of Victoria, vol. 1, decade 5,p. 51, pi. 49, fig. 5.1881. Nellia oculata Haswell, On some Polyzoa from the Queensland coast, Proceedings LmneanSociety New South Wales, vol. 5, p. 36.1884. Nellia oculata Busk, Report on Polyzoa collected by the Challenger, vol. 10, pt. 30, p. 27.1887. Nellia oculata Hincks, On the Polyzoa and Hydroida of the Mergui Archipelago, JournalLinnean Society, Zoology, vol. 21, p. 121.1887. Fardmia oculata Waters, Bryozoa from New South Wales, etc.. Annals and Magazine NaturalHistory, ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 92.1909. Nellia tenella Levinsen, Morphologic and Systematic Studies on the CheilostomatousBryozoa, p. 120, pi. 1, fig. 13 (o\acell).1919. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontologj- of the West Indies, Bryozoa,Publication Carnegie Institution of Wasliington, No. 291, p. 82, pi. 2, figs. 5-7.1920. Nellia oculata Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiarj' Bryozoa,Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 196, pi. 82, figs. 6-10.Small fragments of this delicate bryozoan occurring in the Bowden horizon ofSanto Dommgo are quite sufficient for the determination of the species in theAmerican Miocene. The dimensions of the opesium are not equal on the foursides, one of which is often larger than the others. The authors are not in accordas to the name which should be given to this species. We have adopted that ofBusk. The species is discussed on page 196 of our monograph on North AmericanEarly Tertiary Bryozoa, where a more detailed bibliography is given the abovereferences being additional ones.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Cercado de Mao, SantoDomingo (rare).Geological dL^tribution.?Yicksburgmn of Mississippi; Lutetian of the environsof Paris (Canu); Helvetian of Egypt (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Waters).Plesiotypes.?C&t. No. 68471, U.S.N.M. 56 BULLETIX 125, UNITED STATES >^ATI01s'AL ML'SEUM.Family OPESIULIDAE Jullien, 1888.Genus FLORIDINA Jullien, 1881.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 219.)FLORIDINA PYRIPORA Canu a?d Sassier, 1919.Plate 1, fig. 1.1919. Floridina pyripora C.\NU and B.^.ssler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa,Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 82, pi. 2, fig. 2.The few specimens of this incrusting species which have been collected in theLeeward Islands seem hardly sufficient for the description of a new Floridina,because polymoq^hism is the rule in this genus; but we believe more specimenswill prove this to be a good species. The poly^iidian convexity is little salient;the opesiules are large and poorly defined; the lateral apophyses are very littlesalient; the general aspect of the opesium is pyriform. The ovicell is endozooecial,smooth, and salient.Measurements.? Opesia (including opesiules) , ~ ""/is= 0.48 -0.50 mm.Zooeciaj ^^= 0. 40 -0.44 mm.Floridina antiqua Smitt, 1872, a recent species in the Gulf of Mexico, ismarked by. large lateral denticles and by small opesiules, giving it a quite differentaspect.Occurrence.?OUgocene (Antigua formation) : Rifle Butts, Antigua, LeewardIslands (rare). Oligocene (AnguUla formation): Southwest side of Crocus Bay,Anguilla, Leeward Islands (rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68472, 68473, U.S.N.M.FLORIDINA FUSIFERA Canu and Sassier, 1919.Plate 1, fig. 0.1919. Fhridinafusifera C.^nu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies. Bryozoa.Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 83, pi. 1, fig. 3.Description.?The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are hexagonal; thecryptocyst is larger than the opesium; it is of little depth and is finely granulated:the opesium is trifohate; the lateral apophyses are very sahent; the opesiulesare large and rounded; the polypidian convexity is very salient and convex.The onychocellarium is large, somewhat constricted laterally, and is provided witha very large orifice. Here and there are small fusiform avicularia.il/eas^r.m.n?s.-Opesia[f; = 0.20 mm^ Zooecia(^^= 0.50 mm.Uo = 0.18 -0.20 mm. lfe = 0.40mm.Onychocellaria(?P^^^^?^= <^;fO ^l ^-^O nmi.IZooecmm = 0.60 by 0.36 mm.There are only four zooecia intact on the single zoarium obtamed. Thepresence of small fusiform avicularia has appeared to us sufficient to justify thecreation of this species, this feature never having been observed in the genus.Occwrrence.?Oligocene (Antigua formation): Rifle Butts, Antigua, LeewardIslands (very rare).Holotype.?C&t. Xo. 68474, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 57 FLORIDINA REGULARIS, new species.Plate 14, fig. 7, S.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells and consists of one or two super-posed lamellae. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a furrow, little elongated,hexagonal, regular; the cry])tocyst is smooth, somewhat concave, limited laterallyby two convergent grooves which end at the opesiules. The apertura is orbicularand forms the distal part of the trifoliate opesium; the polypidian convexity islimited laterally by two linear opesiules. The pvicell is little salient and endo-zooecial. The onychocellarium is fusiform; its beak is very salient on the zooecialplane; its opesium is anterior. Lz= 0.40 mm.lz= 0.35 mm.,, ... X rv ? ^0 = 0.15 mm. ?Measurements (maximum) .?Opesia , . , ? Zooecia^ ?o = 0.12mm. Affinities.?The marginal zooecia are elongated; the central zooecia aretransverse.This species differs from Floridina antique Smitt, 1872, in its onychocellariumwith salient beak of a different form. It differs from Floridina parvicella in itslarger micrometric measurements.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (common).Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (com-mon). Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare).Hohtype and paratype.?Cat. Nos. 68475, 68476, U.S.N.M.FLORIDINA PARVICELLA, new species.Plate 31, fig. 12.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are small, hexagonal,little elongated, distinct but with adjacent mural rims; the opesium is trifohate;the anterior part of aperture is elongate or elliptical; the polypidian convexity iswide and limits two linear and transverse opesiules. ,, , r^ lAo = 0.10mm. ? . (1.2= 0.38 mm.Measurements.?Upesia , _ ?_ Zooeciai , ? ?^^ lw = 0.07mm. 1 fe = 0.30 mm. Affinities.?This species is sufficiently characterized by its small dimensions.It differs again from Floridina regularis in the absence of a furrow separating thezooecia.The genus Floridina has been observed in the Cretaceous formations of north-em Europe. It has, therefore, in the course of the geologic ages migrated slowlytoward the Equator. The Waccamaw marl is its last known stage in America.Occurrence.?Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (very rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68477, U.S.N.M.FLORIDINA MINIMA, new species.Plate 14, fig. 6.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a furrow, very s7naU, hexagonal or ogival; the mural rim is wide, convex, littlesalient, very finely granulated; the cryptocyst is of little depth, somewhat convex12184?23?Bull. 125 5 58 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and finely granulated. The opesium is elliptical, elongated; the opesiular indenta-tions are large, rectilinear, oblique, limited by a concave proximal border. Theancestrula is very small. -,, . /-> ? f/io = 0.12mm. rj fi2 = 0.35mm.ilieaswremente.?Upesia , ^ __ Aooecia , ? ?_' Uo =0.07 mm. \lz =0.30 mm. Affinities.?On our type specimen we have observed neither onychocellaria norovicells. This is the smallest species of Floridina known. It differs from FJoridinaparvicella in its zooecia separated by a deep furrow and in its smaller opesial di-mensions.Occurrence.?^Miocene (Duplin marl) : Natural Well, 2 miles southwest ofMagnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68478, U.S.N.M.Genus VELUMELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 213.)VELUMELLA ELONGATA, new species.Plate 14, fig. 5.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a firrrow, large, elongated, ogival; the mural rim is thin, rounded, granulated,salient; the cryptocyst is shallow, flat, granulated. The opesium is large, semilimar;the opesiular indentations are of little depth, rounded, almost sjTiunetrical. Theonychocellarium is large, elongated, straight, acuminate or elliptical; its opesiumis median, elongated, elliptical. Measurements.-^^es,^t = ""^ZVol "^^ Zooecialf^ = ^'^^-^-^^ ??-^ IZo =0.20-0.25 mm. (Zs =0.35-0.40 mm.Opesium offA?i = 0.35 mm. o h 11 " fioft = 0.55-0.65 mm.onychocellariumlZn =0.15mm. ^ ^^^'^^jZon = 0.35 nmi.Affinities.?In its general aspect, the relations of its dimensions and its frontalgranulations, this species much resembles Vincularla ahyssicola Hincks, ISSl (notSmitt, 1872), from Singapore or the Philippines. It differs from it simply in theabsence of lateral facets to the cryptocyst; that is to say, in the peculiarity charac-terizing Smittipora. The onychocellaria are not fusiform as in Bectonychocella andDiplopJioleos.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl): Natural Well, 2 miles southwest ofMagnolia, North Carolina (rare) . Eolotype.?CsLt. No. 68479, U.S.N.M.Genus MICROPORA Gray, 1848.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 234.)MICROPORA CORIACEA Esper, 1794.1862. Reptescharellina disparilis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiaryformations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia ser 2vol. 5, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 29. . .1912. Micropora coriacea Barroso, Briozoos de la Estacion de Biologia maritima de Santander,Institute nacional de Ciencias Fisico naturales, p. 21. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 59 1917. Micropora coriacea Canu, Bryozoaires foseiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulle-tin de la Soci^t6 G^ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 16, p. 135 (cites bibliography).1920. Micropora coriacea Canu and Bassler, Monograph Early Tertiary Bryozoa of NorthAmerica, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 235, pi. 4, figs. 20-22.The only known occurrence in American post Oligocene strata of this well-known recent and fossil hrj-ozoan is in the Pleistocene rocks of California, where itreceived the name of Reptescharellina disparilis Gabb and Horn, 1862. The speciesis discussed on page 235 of our volume on the North American Early TertiaryBryozoa, where a more complete bibliography is given.Occurrence.?Midwayan, Jacksonian, and Vicksburgian of the United StatesPleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68480, U.S.N.M.Genus SELENARIA Busk, 1854. 1854. Selenaria Busk, Catalogue marine Polyzoa, pt. 2, p. 101.The ovicell is endozooecial; it appears on the surface of the colony as low,rounded, pent-roof shaped swellings. The cr^-ptocyst is perforated by the opesiulesor limited by the opesiular indentations. The opesium is irregular. The opercularvalve is limited by the distal part of the zooecial mural rim. Porous vibracula aredisseminated among the zooecia. The zoarium is discoid and cupuliform; its innersurface is perforated by numerous pores. No spines.Genotype.?Selenaria maculata Busk, 1854.Range.?Claibornian to Kecent.According to Levinsen, who wrote in 1909:The -s-ibracula are an arched frontal surface perforated by numerous pores or by slits, A high ribbou-shaped lamina issuing from the one lateral margin in the distal part of the A^bracularian chamlier stretchesover toward the opposite margin and not far from this bends inward toward the basal surface. Itserves no doubt for the attachment of the flagellum. Distal wall with two multiporous septules, and thedistal half of each lateral wall with a single one. Lateral walls are common to the contiguous neigh-boring zooecia. SELENARIA AURICULARIA, new species. Description.?The zoarium is a Lunulltes form of 6 mm. in diameter. Thezooecia are distinct, separated by a sahent and wide mm-al rim, hexagonal, regularor transverse; the cryptocyst is deep, flat, smooth, and perforated by two large equalopesiules symmctricalh' arranged. The apertura is elliptical and transverse. Thevibracula are very large, auriform, terminated by a short, hooked, small canal.The inner side is perforated by numerous pores regularly arranged on the inner layerand very irregularly disposed on the outer central layer.Variations.?The zooecia are very irregular in size and we have not been ableto discover any constant micrometric measurements. The apertura is likewiseirregular in its measurements. The vibracula arc larger at the periphery than at thecenter. The opesiules alone are of the same diameter on all the zooecia.Affinities.?The form of the opesiules is quite variable in the genus Selenaria.They are perforated (as in our American species) in S. parvipunctata Maplestone,1904: S. bimorphocella Maplestone, 1904; and iS'. magnipunctata Maplestone, 1904.They are formed b}- deep lateral indentations in S. maculata Busk, 1862. They 60 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. are transformed into simple, lateral, irregular sinuosities in S. cupola Tenison Woods,1879; S. concinna Tenison Woods,. 1879; -S. manjinata Tenison Woods, 1879; andS. otwayensis Maplestone, 1904. They are very little visible in S. nitida Maple-stone, 1909, and S . flagellifera Maplestone, 1910. The inner face of all the speciesis porous except in S. marginata Tenison Woods, 1879.Our American species differs from the known forms only in the auriculate formof vibracula. This difference can not form a generic character; first, because thefunction is the same; second, because porous and cribriform vibracula have beenobserved in the genus Coscinopleura Marsson, 1885, which belongs to another quitedistinct family ; third, because auriform vibracula analogous to those of our speciesmay be observed in the genus Otionella Canu and Bassler, 1917, which does notappear to be opesiulated; fourth, because the large auriform vibracula are pos-sibly porous vibracula which have lost their frontal. There are specimens of Sele- "ST pt Fig. 5.?Genus Seknaria Busk, 1854.A-C. Seknaria aurkularia, new species.A. Zoaria, natural size.B, C. Noncelluliferous and celluliferous sides, X20.Eocene (Claibornian); Claiborne, Alabama. naria maculata in the National Museum Collections provided with analogous auricu-late vibracula.Occurrence.?Eocene (Claibornian) Gosport sand: Claiborne, Alabama (rare).Cotypes.?Csit. No. 68481, U.S.N.M.Family THALAMOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909.Genus MANZONELLA JuUien, 1888.1888. Manzonella Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 79.Opesiules well formed, sometimes multiple. Opesium terminal in the form ofan orifice. (After Jullien.)Genotype.? Manzonella (Membranipora) exilis Manzoni, 1869, Pliocene. XOKTH AMEKICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 61Genus WOODIPORA Jullien, 1888. 18SS. Wooiipora Jullien', Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, VI, Zoologie, Bryozoaires, p. 79.Cryptocyst entireh' developed; two regular opesiules; opesium writh roundedcontour. (After Jullien.)Genotype.? Woodipora {ilenibranlpora) holostoma (Wood), Pliocene.Genus THALAMOROBELLA Hincks, 1887.(For description, see Bulletin IOC, U. S. National Museum, p. 2fi^. iTHALAMOPORELLA GRANULATA LeTinsen, 1909.Plate 2, fie. 14.1909. 1914. 1919. ThalmnoporeUa granulata Leviksen, Morphological and Systematic .Studies on the Cheilos-tomatoiis Bryozoa, p. 188, pi. 6a, figs. 1, 2; pi. 6, fig. 5.TlidlamcipoieUa granulata Osburx, The bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publica-tion Carnegie Institution of Washington, Xo. 182, p. 197, fig. 8.TImlamoporella granulata Caxu and B.^ssler, Geology and Paleontology of the WestIndies, Bryozoa, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, Xo. 291, p. 88, pi. 2, fig.l4. A . Thalanioporella C. Woodipora Fig. 6.?Genera of the family Thalamoporellidae Levinsen, 1909.A. Thalamoporella rozien Audouin, 1826, X25 (after Waters, 1908).B. ilanzoiiella exilis Manzoni, 1870 (after Manzoni, 1870, and Xeviani, 1895\C. Woodipora holostoma Busk, 1859, X2.5. Measurements.?Opesia lAo = 0.16-0.18 mm. ? . (Z2 = 0.80 mm.( /o = 0.16-0.18 mm. ^ooecia ^^^ ^^ .^ ^^Affinities.?We possess only a small fragment consisting of two zooecia; we arenot certain therefore of our determination, as this has been made almost entirely onthe micrometric measurements. The opesium is oval, the point above: the cryp-tocyst is granulated ; the mural rim has a width of O.OS mm. and is granulatedtransversally.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Rio Gurabo, Santo Domingo(rare) . Habitat.?Andaman or Xicobar Islands ? (Levinsen) ; Tortugas Islands, Florida(Osburn) . Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68482, U.S.N.M. 62 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.THALAMOPORELLA BIPERFORATA Canu and Sassier, 1919. Plate 6, figs. 10-15.1919. Thalamoporella biperforata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 88, pi. 6, figs. 10-15,Description.?Tlie zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are elongate, distinctrectangular; the mural rim is thin, salient,__bevelled, and bears two hollow tubercleson each side of the aperture. The cryptocyst is deep, flat, ornamented with large\vndely spaced pores and with numerous small pores closely placed together; theopesiules are very large, far distant from the apertura, placed symmetrically, butvery unequal in size. The apertura is transverse, oval; the proximal border isalways concave and the polypidian tube is limited by two small lateral indentations.The reticulocellarium is large, quite elongate; its cryptocyst is perforated by twoopesiules; the opesium bears two lateral denticles serving as pivot to the corneousmandible.Measurements.?Opesium of zooeciima , ?'. . I 40 = 0.14 mm. ? . ( Zz = 0.54-0.60 mm.Zooecium noin^n I Z0 = 0.34-0.40 mm. ^ . J. 1 11 ? (A.on = 0.24 mm.Upesium 01 onvcnocellarium- , ? ,?^ ~ I ton = 0.12 mm. ^ 1 ? . (Zoji = 0.90 mm.Unvchocellanum , ???Uon = 0.30 mm. Affinities.?The oral tuberosities are quite variable in size; they are oftenreplaced by two fossettes.This species is characterized by its onychocellarium, which resembles that ofThalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909, figured by Osburn, 1914. It differs,however, in the very different oval form of its apertura and in the presence of oraltuberosities. In its tuberosities this species is quite close to Thalamoporella rozieriSavigny-Audouin, 1826. It differs from it in the form of its onychocellarium pro-vided with two opesiules, which are not figm-ed by Levinsen in the numerous draw-ings which he has given.Occurrence.?Lov^ev Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Cercado de Mao, Rio Cana andRio Gurabo, Santo Domingo; and Bowden, Jamaica (common).Cotypes.~G&i. No. 68483, 68484, U.S.N.M.Family STEGANOPORELLIDAE Levinsen, 1909.Genus STEGANOPORELLA Smitt, 1873.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 259.)STEGANOPORELLA PARVICELLA Canu and Bassler, 1919.Plate 6, figs. 6-9.1919, Sleganoporella parvicella Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution No. 291, p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 6-9.Description.?The zoarium is unilamellar incrusting algae or bryozoa. Thezooecia are distinct, elongate, separated by a shallow furrow; the mural rim is thin, ]SrORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BBYOZOA. 63 salient,[tLnely granular. The cryptocyst is finely porous; the opesium is irregular orsemilunar, a little elongate; the polypidian tube forms a rectangular surface, salientand^excentric between the two dissimilar opesiular indentations. The large zooecia(B) are provided with a wide distal floor, and the polypidian tube is almost median.Measurements.?Opesium of small (a) zooecia.. , ~?',? ?'^ I Zo = 0.16-0.30 mm.|Z2 = 0.50-0.76 mm.lZ2 = 0.50mm. I^io = 0.24-0.30 mm. I Zo = 0.36-0.40 mm.J ivt\ ? |i2= 1.00-1.10 mm.Large (B ) zooecia , ?,, ? ,?^ \lz = 0.44-0.56 mm.Affinities.?The dimensions are quite variable, but they are always smaller thanthose of Steganoporella magnilahris Busk, 1854, which this species resembles in allits other characters. Small (a) zooecia. Opesium of large (B) zooecia.. A . Steganoporella B . Siphonoporella Fig. 7.?Genera of the family Steganoporellidae Le^^nsen, 1909.A. Steganoporella Smitt, 1S73. S. magyiilabris Busk, 1852. Recent. (After Harmer, 1900.)B. Siphonoporella Ilincks, 1880. iS. delicatissima Busk, 1840, X-10. Recent. (After Levinsen,1909.) Occurrence.?Low'er Miocene (Bowden horizon)mingo (rare) and Bowden, Jamaica (common) . Cotypes.?Cat. Nos. 68485, 68486, U.S.N.M. Cercado de Mao, Santo Do- STEGANOPORELLA MAGNILABRIS Busk, 1854. Plate 14, figs. 12, 13.1854. Memhranipora magnilabris Busk, Catalogue Marine Polyzoa, British Museum, pt. 2,Cheilostomata, p. 62, pi. 65, fig. 4.1872. Steganoporella elegans Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count Pourtales, Pt. I, Kongl.Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 15, pi. 4, figs. 96-101.1890. Steganoporella magnilabris Harmer, A revision of the Genus Steganoporella, QuarterlyJournal Microscopical Science, vol. 43, p. 279, pi. 12, fig. 10; pi. 31, figs. 44-46 (cites bibliography).1909. Steganoporella magnilabris Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilo-stomatous Bryozoa, pp. 167, 168. 64 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1913. Steganoporella magnilabris Waters, Bryozoa from Zanzibar, Proceedings Zoological Society,London, p. 498, pi. 72, iigs. 12-20 (cites bibliography).1914. Steganoporella magnilabris Osburn, The bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publi-cation Carnegie Institute, Washington, No. 182, p. 196. Measurements.?Apertura of small (a) zooecia. .1 , ? ,^^ ta = 0.40 mm. Zooecia (a). Lz = 0.46-0.48 mm.fe = 0.42-0.46 mm. . , ,, ,?, . fi^a = 0.46-0.48 mm.Apertura 01 large (-d) zooecia. . , ^ ,r. r> 'ozoa, p. 164.No ovicell. The distal extremity of the cryptocyst plunges into the zooecium.The dissymmetric opesium bordered laterally and inferiorly by spines. The twoopesiules, distinct or not are limited sometimes by the cryptocyst, sometimes bythe spinous processes. The opercular valve is garnished superiorly by an operculararch strongly chitinized. Small avicularium. Twenty-six tentacles.Genotype.?Hemiseptella (Vincularia) labiata Busk. 188-1. Range: iliocene-Recent.Structure.?We have chosen Vincularia labiata as the genotype because it pre-sents two sorts of spinous processes, the larger of which can unite in order to form abridge intended to support tlie hinge of the opercular valve. But this bridge is onlya secondary character. The cryptocyst covers the spinous processes. Levinsenattributed to this genus a certain number of species from the Cretaceous figured byD'Orbigny. This is an error; these species belong to the genus Floridina, for theirovicell is endozooecial and they bear onychocellaria. 70 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.One must not confuse the spinous processes or spinules with the spines. Theirstructure is not similar and their physiologic role is absolutely distinct. The spinousprocesses are here only internal apparatus for support, probably intended to limitthe movements of the hypostege.The large retractor muscle of the polypide is inserted in a corner of the zooeciumas in Onychocella, Odontionella, and Steganoporella. It results in a great dissymme-try of the opesium especially on its proximal border.The known species of this genus are : Hemiseptella {Vincidaria) laiiata Busk, 1884.Hemiseptella (Vincvlaria) steganoporoides Goldstein, 1882.Hemiseptella {Thalamoporella) michaelseniCalvet, 1904.Hemiseptella (Bijlustra) denticulata Smitt, 1872.Hemiseptella { ilemhranipora) tenuis Desor, 1848.Hemiseptella {Memhranipora) lacinia Tuomey and Holmes, 1857.Hemiseptella {Memhranipora) minor Canu, 1908 {M. sulcata, var. minor Canu).HEMISEPTELLA LATA Car.a and Bassler, 1919.Plate 2, fig. 4.1919. Hemiseptella lata Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, BryozoaPublication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 85, pi. 2, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium incrusts fronds of the bryozoan Metrarahdotos. Thezooecia are distinct, little elongated, wide, subrectangular; the mural rim is thin.The opesium is elliptical or orbicular, never symmetrical; the cryptocyst is short,little deep, irregular; the opesiular indentations are represented by two lateral dis-symmetric concavities and are often separated by a wide and serrate denticle. ,, . ^ ? f^o = 0.30mm. ? . fi2 = 0.42 mm.Measurements.?Upesia , ? oo r. on Ziooecia , ? on ? or,^ 1 40 = 0.22-0.30 mm. [ 42 = 0.30-0.32 mm.Affinities.?It is always difficult to characterize a species from the study of asingle specimen. Exteriorly the zooecia have the form of certain zooecia observedin Acanthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826; it difi'ers from it in its nonsymmetricopesium and in two opesiular sinuosities.This species differs from Bijlustra savarti Smitt, 1872, which is not perhaps thespecies of Audouin, in the more constant development of its cryptocyst and in thenature of its zoarium, which does not incrust algae. The proximal denticle has beenclearly observed on tliree zooecia.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Cercado de Mao, SantoDomingo (very rare) . Holotype.?C&i. No. 68498, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA? LACINIA Tuomey and Holmes, 1857.Plate 14, fig. 10.1857. Memhranipora lacinia Tuomey and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 14, pi. 4,fig. 10.We liave been unable to find any specimens corresponding to the figure ofMemhranipora lacinia, which, moreover, is somewhat confusing, although probablyindicating the genus Hemiseptella. We reproduce the original figure in the hope thatsome future student wiU rediscover the species.Occurrence.?Miocene?: Smith's, Goose Creek, South Carolina. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 71HEMISEPTELLA GRANDICELLA Canu and Bassler, 1919.Plate 5, fig. 12.1919. Hemiseptclla grandicella Canu and Bassler, Geologj- and Paleontology- of the West Indies, Bry-ozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 84, pi. 5. fig. 11.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate,ogival, distinct, separated by a furrow of little depth; the mural rim is narrow, littlesaHent, round, finely granulated; the cryptocyst is large, flat, granulated; the ope-sium is elongated, elliptical, irregular and nonsymmetrical in the proximal portion. ,, ^ r\ fAo = 0.40 mm. ? [is = 0.65-0.70 mm.Measurements.?Upesia , ? ?^ Ziooecia , ? _.^ I (0 = 0.25 mm. [Zs = 0.3omm.Affinities.?The group of inferior opesiular spines was certainly dissymmetrical;trace of the lateral spines is scarcely visible on our specimens.This species differs from Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt, 1872, in the absence ofnodosities in the interzooecial angles and in the nontrifoliate opesium. It differsfrom Hemiseptella tenuis Desor, 1S48, in the larger micrometric measurements andin the more fragile and less numerous spines.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare) . Holotype.?C&t. No. 68490, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA FILIMAKGO, new species.Plate 10, fig. 9.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a very tliin salient thread, elongated, subhexagoQal; the mural rim is very thin,filiform, salient; the cryptocyst is large, flat, shallow. The opesium is semielliptical,transverse, with an irregular proximal border, two large lateral spicules and manyspicules placed inferiorily. ,, . /-> l/io = 0.12-0.18 mm. ? (is = 0.40-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , ? , - r. ?/^ Zooecia , r^ nr n nn^ { Zo = 0.15-0.20 mm. [ fe = 0.25-0.30 mm.Variations.?The micrometric measurements are very irregular. Interzooecialtubercles are sometimes present. On our single specimen the spicules are badlypreserved. The extreme thinness of the mural rim well characterizes this species.Cases of regenerated zooecia have been observed.Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : York Kiver, Virginia (veryrare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68491, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA TUBERGSA. new species. ?Plate 46, fig. 10.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, elongated,rectangular, ornamented with large interzooecial tubercles; the mural rim is thick,rounded, granulated; the cryptocyst is much reduced, deep, granulated. Theopesium is elongated, elliptical, with an irregular proximal border. ,, , r^ . 1^0 = 0.25 mm. ? . (Z2 = 0.35 mm.Measurements.?Opesia , _,. Zooecia , r> o=: ?~^ l/o = 0.15mm. I te = 0.25 mm.Variations.?On our type specimen there are very few spicules visible. Themicrometric measurements are very irregular. 72 BULLETIX 125, UNITED STATES NATIOKAL MUSEUM. /^iLN Fig. 12.?Genus Hcniiseptella Levinsen, 1909. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 73 Fig. 12.?Genus Ilemiseptella Levinsen, 1919. Figs. A-N. Hemiseptella labiata Busk, 1884.A. A branch of the form Vincularia elegans (after D'Orbigny, 1839). B. A branch from CapeHorn, X 12. A few minute denticles or hooks occur on the border of the opesium. C. Several zooeciaof the type of Vincularia elegans preserved at the Museum of Paris. A growth from each side forms acalcareous bridge over the opesium. It is placed under the membraneous ectocyst. D. A calcinedzooecium of a specimen from the Atlantic (Challenger collection), X 25. E. Transverse section, X 25.F. Calcareous section diagonally through a zooecium, thus showing the projecting rosette plates (sep-tulae), X 25. G. Section through the dietellae, X 250. H. Diagrammatic section showing the positionof the' septulae, X 25. I. Transverse, decalcified section, X 25. J. A branch, natural size (afterD'Orbigny, 1839). K. Section in the zooecia, X 25. Besides the lip which projects upward, the frontwall of the zooecium is directed downward thus contracting the zooecium near the aperture. (Figs.D-H, K, (after Waters, 1889). L. Transverse section in operculum, X 85 (B, C, I, L, after Waters,1895). M., N. Operculum (after Busk 1884).Fig. 0. Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt 1872. A zoarium from Florida. The unshaded zooeciaare covered by the ectocyst. They show the chitinous arch of the opercular valve.Fig. P-S. ? Hemiseptella steganoporoides MacGilU\Tay, 18S1. P. A zoarium, natural size, fromPrince Edward Island. Q. Zooecia with their opesiular in dentations and occasionally the bridge, X 25(forma Vincularia gothica). R. A zooecium showing the sutures between the three processes and thea^'icularium (after Waters, 1889). S. Operculum, X 85 (figs. P, Q and S, after Busk, 1884).Figs. T-\ .?Hemiseptella michaelseni Calvet, 1904. T. Zooecia, X 25, showing the three groups ofspinous processes bordering the opesium. U. A zooeciimi covered by its membranous transparentectocyst under which the spinous processes are seen. V. Operculum, X 85 (T-V, after Calvet, 1907).This species is much smaller than Hemiseptella rectangulata, in which the formof the zooecia is identical but which is deprived of tubercles.Occurrf?!ce.?Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonges Island, Charleston County,South Carolina (rare).Hohtype.?Cut. No. 68492, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA FISTULA Lirich and Bassler, 1904. Plate 14, fig., 9.1904. Membranipora fistuluI'LRiCH and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 413, pi. li2, fig. 5.The original description is as follows:Zoarium so far as observed forming small, hollow, subcylindrical stems, about 1.5 mm. in diametericomposed of twelve to fifteen longitudinal rows of zooecia. Walls about as wide as thezooecial openings, obtusely carinate, the carinae between the ends of the cells high andbent forward so as to impart a slightly imbricating appearance to successive cells. Opesialopening elongate elliptical; immediately behind it a minute pore is occasionally notice-able. Measuring longitudinally about 8 zooecia in 5.0 mm. No avicularian nor \-ibracular cells observed.The original description of tliis slender rod-like bryozoan gives an adequateidea of the species, of which unfortunately no more specimens have been discovered.We reproduce a new illustration of the type specimen which shows spines irregularlydistributed on the proximal border of the opesium, thereby causing the species tobe referred to Hemiseptelta.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation): St. Mary's River, Maryland(very rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68493, U.S.N.M.12184?23?Bull. 125 6 74 BUIXETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.HEMISEPTELLA RECTANGULATA, new species.Plate 14, fig. 11.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, adjacent,elongated, rectangular, with rounded distal border. The cryptocyst is deep, granu-lar, flat; the opesium is elliptical, elongated with a proximal border irregular andwithout' symmetry; the spinous processes are short, fragile, thin, numerous. Nodietellae. ^ . \ho = 0.30 mm. y . \Lz = 0.47 mm.J/easuremente.?Opesiaj ^^ ^ ^ 20 mm. ^ooeciaj ^^ _ ^ ^2 mm.The spinous processes are very fragile; they little resist fossilization, but theirvestiges are easily observed.Affinities.?This species differs from Hemiseptella granulosa in its smooth muralrim and its smaller micrometric measurements. It differs from Hemiseptella grandi-cella in its deep cryptocyst and its smaller micrometric measurements.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl); Wilmington, North Carolina (rare).Eolotype.?C&t. No. 68494, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA GRANULOSA, new species.Plate 29, fig. 8.Description.?The zoarium is unilamellar. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a furrow of little depth, elongated, rectangular; the mural rim is thin convex,granular; the cryptocyst is of httle depth, flat, slightly granular. The opesiumis eUiptical, irregular on its proxial border which is never symmetrical; the spinousprocesses are distributed in the lower half and the proxial bundle is wider andmore salient. _ . (/io = 0.40mm. ? . (i2 = 0.70mm.Measurements.?Opesia , _ _ . Ziooecia , ? ? . ^ |io = 0.20mm. [tz = 0.35mm. Affinities.?The micrometric . measurements are quite variable, even on asimple zoarium; but the relationship of one-half between the two dimensionsremain rather constant.This species differs from Hemiseptella planulata, in which the cryptocyst isalso very superficial in its granulated mural rim and in its crenulated opesium.It differs from Hemiseptella grandicella in its micrometric measurements, generallysmaller, and in its granular mural rim.The spinous processes are rather fi'agile; only their base resists fossilization,and they appear to be grouped into three bundles. The lowest one is wide andvigorous. The asymmetry of the proximal border of the opesium seems to indicatethat the large retractor muscle of the polypide was inserted, not in the median axisof the zooecium, but in a lower comer, as in Onychocella and Steganoporella.Occurrence-Miocene: Near Charleston, South Carolina (very rare).Eolotype.?C&t. No. 68495, U.S.N.M.HEMISEPTELLA PLANULATA. new species.Plate 29, figs. 5, 6.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells {Pectunculus). The zooecia aredistinct, elongated, with adjacent mural rims, hexagonal, ogival; the mural rim isthin, little salient; the cryptocyst is little deep, large, flat. The opesium is ogival or INORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 75 sub trifoliate; the mural rim is thin, little, saUent; the cryptocyst is little deep,large, flat. The spinous processes are very fragile and are distributed into fiveprincipal bundles; the lower bundle is salient and placed without symmetry on theproximal border of the opesium. _ . (/io = 0.24mm. ? ? fL2 = 0.30 mm.Measurements.?O^&si&^y /o = 0.16-0.20 mm. ^ooeciaj ^3 = 0.24-0. 30 mm.Affinities.?i:\ie walls of this species are very fragile and are easily worn; thezooecia are then scarcely distinct, and certain zooecia bear tubercles at the angles.This species is quite close to Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt, 1872, which alsopresents tubercles. It differs from it in its less deep cryptocyst and in the incon-stancy of the tubercles. However, we possess no specimen of this species and ourcomparisons are made only from the figures. It differs from Hemiseptella gramdatain the absence of granules on the mural rim and in its subtrifohate opesium. ? Occurrence.?Phocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (rare) . Cotypes.?Cat. No. 68496, U.S.N.M.Genus CUPULARIA Lamouroux, 1821. 1821. Cupularia Lamouroux, Exposition methodique dea genres de I'ordre des Polypiers, p. 44.The zoarium is a more or less expanded cup; it is provided with a specialhydrostatic system accompanied by vibracula. The opesium is fringed with spinousprocesses which are flat, free, or joined together; the two distal processes are sym-metrically placed and serve as support to the opercular valve. The two distalopesiules are always rounded. No ovicell. Vestibular arch present.Genotype.? Cupularia umbellata'Deivance, 1823. Range: Miocene-Recent.Affinities.?The genus Cupularia is identical in its frontal with the genusHemiseptella Levinsen, 1909. It differs from it in its cup-shaped zoarial form,in the presence of vibracula, the flat form of the spinous processes, and in the unionof the latter.Cupularia hves lilve Lunularla. of which we have explained the hydrostaticzoarial mechanism. (See North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, p. 238). TheceUular or external face is the inferior face; the nonccUular or internal face is thesuperior face. The ancestrular zooecia are often calcified, indeed only the opercu-lar valve may be visible there; these are the hydrostatic zooecia (aborted ofD'Orbigny); they are never radicular as in the genus Lunularia. The larvaeprobably develop in an oral sac, as in the genus Diplodidymia Ruess, 1869.The union of the spines is not a generic character. In fact it may be accidental(as in Cupularia denticulata), partial (C. reussiana), almost complete {C. ilmbellata) . This union of the spinous processes forms a cryptocyst.Smitt, 1872, recognized that this genus ought to be classed in the Microporidae.Tliis was correct, as the opesiules or opesiular slits are always clearly visible. Inorder to show the character of the genus in more detail we have introduced descrip-tions of a few European species. a^'^^^il Fig. 13.?Genus CupuUirifi Lamouroiix, 1921.A-F. Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1923.A. Zooecia, X 25 of specimen dredged in the Mediterranean at Oran (Algeriai. B. An example,X 25, with small, wide zooecia. C. Specimen ^rith small, long zooecia, X 25. D, E. Zooecia enlargedX 50).8howing the formation of the cryptocyst by the partial union of spinous processes F Tan<^entialthin section ot the frontal, X T5, showing the successive ramilications of the lateral spinous proce^ssest.. Longitudinal thin section, X 75, showing the successive zones of calcificationJ^ Internal face (s.ii)erior-| of a zoarium, X 25. (B-G, J , Burdigalian of Merignac, Gironde France.M, 1. tupulana miillispinata, new species.H. Portion of a zoarium deprived of its octocyst, X 25. I. Zoarium X 25? provided ;rith its ecto-cyet, and its vibracula, Mediterranean at Oran (Algeriat.76 NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 77CUPULARIA HAIDINGERI Reuss, 1847.Plate 1, figs. 13-17. 1847. Lunuliles haidingeri Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger'snaturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, fig. 26, 27.1859. Cupularia denliadata Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontolo-graphical Society, p. 85, pi. 13, fig. 1.1877. Cupularia haidingeri M.^nzoni, I Briozoi fossili del Miocene d'Austna ed Ungheria, parte2, Denkschriften der k. .\kademie der Wiasenschaften, Wien, vol. 37, p. 73, pi. 10, fig. 54.1880 Cupularia haidingeri Seguen-z.^, La formazioni tergiarie nella Provincia di Reggie (Calabria),Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche eNaturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 84, 131. . fL2 = 0.60 mm.Measurements.?L,a.vge zooeciaj ^2 = 0.36-0.40 mm.Variations.?The place of the opercular valve is clearly indicated by a distalarch limited by two symmetrical apophyses or condyles. The spinous processesare flat, often very wide, claviform or finely denticulated: their number is five(which includes the two oral apophyses) . Their form is inconstant, and we figuresome interesting variations. Our determination of the species has been verifiedby specimens from Porzteich, Austria-Hungary. The internal face bears radial,bifurcated, and tuberous ribs. . J^niHes.?This species differs from Cupuladria canariensis, Busk, 1859, in thepresence of spinous processes and in the absence of the large pores of the internalface. It differs from Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, in its larger and flatterzoarial form, its larger zooecia, and in the larger tuberosities of the internal face.Geological distribution.?Uelvetinn of Italy (Seguenza) ; Tortonian of Italy(Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); Redonnian of France (Canu) ; Plaisancianof England (Busk) . CUPULARIA DOMA D'Orbigny, 1851.Plate 1, fig. 18; plate 15, figs. 1-5. 1851. mscofluslrellaria doma D'Orbigny, Pal^ontologie francaise, Terrain Cr<5tac6, vol. 5, Bryo-zoaires, p. 561. <-, ^ i t i1859. Cupularia johnsoni Busk, Zoophytology: On some Madeiran Polyzoa, Quarterly JournalMicroscopical Science, vol. 7, p. 67, pi. 23, figs. 1-6. t- o1872 Cupularia. doma Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count Pourtales, Kongl Svienska,Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, pt. 2, vol. 11, No, 4, p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 81-84 (not Busk, 1877. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoaires du pliocene superieur de Tile de Rhodes, Me-moires de la SociiSte G^ologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 67.1909. Cupularia johnsoni Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal LinneanSociety London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 290, pi. 38, figs. 1-6.Variations.?The spinous processes are flat or acuminate; there are even somewhich are spatulate and some fimbriated. The two superior ones form two sym-metrical condyles serving as pivot to the opercular valve. The others are three innumber- they are dissymmetrical, irregularly placed, without definite and constantform, never'joined. The cryptocyst is more or less developed and its presenceconsiderably mochfies the aspect of the opesium. The internal face bears hydro-static tuberosities (as usual), very inconstant in their size; they are generally verylar-ozoa, p. 67(synonymy).1901. Cribrilina {Arachnopusia) punctata Nbviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Paleonto-graphia Italica, vol. 6, p. 174 (local bibliography).1904. Lepralia rnarylandica Ulrich and Bassleh, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 425,pi. 117, fig. 2.1905. Cribrilina (Arachnopusia) punctata Neviaki, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bol-lettino Societa Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 523.1907. Cribrilina punctata Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition scientifique du Trapailleur et duTalisman, p. 398 (bibliography).1912. Cribrilina punctata Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau Fish-eries, vol. 30, 1910, p. 232, pi. 24, "fig. 41 (bibliography). 88 BULa:.ETix 125, united states national museum. This species lives mainly in the temperate and frigid regions and does notapproach the Tropics. Its presence in the Miocene at Cove Point, Maryland, whereit was described as Lepralia marylandica by Ulrich and Bassler, is very remarkableand would indicate the existence of a very cold boreal current.Occurrence.?Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Cove Point, Maryland (rare) . Geological distribution.?Pliocene and Quaternary of Austria-Himgary (Busk,Bell) and of Italy (Seguenza).Habitat.?Arctic Ocean: Jean Mayen (140-180 meters), Franz Joseph Land(210 meters) ; Sea of Kara; North Sea; Norway; Germany; Denmark (9-25 meters).Eastern Atlantic off England in the English Channel, in the Gulf of Gascony.Mediterranean (57-77 meters) and Adriatic. Madeira Islands. Western Atlanticfrom the St. Laurence to the Woods Hole Region.Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68519, U.S.N.M. (Holotype of Lepralia marylandicaUlrich and Bassler.) CRIBRILINA LIGULATA. new species.Plate 15, fig. 14.Description.?The zoarium is encrusting a Pecten. The zooecia are distinct,separated by a deep furrow, elongated, regularly elliptical; the frontal is convexand bears 15 narrow, little salient costules; the lacunae are rectangular and largeron the margin than on the median zooecial axis. The apertura is large, tranverse,semilunar but with a concave proximal border; the peristome is wide, smooth, littlesalient; it bears four spines which can be transformed into two or three tonguesby coalescence. The ancestrula is membraniporoid. Ttr J * i. \ba = Q.\Q vam.. ? . fi2 = 0.50mm.Measwremente.?Apertura , .,? Zooecia , "o<^,.no^ lZa= 0.12mm. [ fe = 0.30-0.32 mm.Affinities.?In its exterior aspect this species much resembles Lepralia man-zonii Reuss, 1874, from the Tortonian of Austria-Hungary, but it differs in the pres-ence of its liguhform spines. Normally there are only four large spines, but theybecome thickened easily and joined together to form two or three very salienttonguelike plates.Occurrence.?^Miocene (Calvert formation): 1 mile south of Parkers Creek,Calvert Coimty, Maryland (very rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68520, U.S.N.M.CRIBRILINA CUSPIDATA, new species.Plate 15, fig. 15.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distmct, separatedby a deep furrow, large, elongate; the frontal is very convex; it is surrounded bya line of small lacunae and ornamented with 5 or 6 large lacunae in the form of acrescent. The lumen is not visible. The apertura is semilunar; the anter is very ?large and the poster is concave. The ovicell is hyperstomial. Between the zoo-ecia are large triangular avicularia in the form of the head of a lance; the beak isrounded and turned toward the top.Measurements.-Apevtuval^;^ =^-'^ """? Zooecial^^ = ^'^'^ ""^I7rt = 0.20mm. 1^2 = 0.35-0.50 mm. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 89 Affinities.?This species is very little distinct from Escharipora mucronata Smitt,1 872, formerly dredged in the waters off Florida. It is distinguished from it inits larger and less salient mucro and in having more than three lacunae on thefrontal.The species of Smitt has not yet been rediscovered; we are ignorant, there-fore, of its variations. It is hardly probable that the frontal pores would alwaysbe so constant as they are drawn on Smitt's figures, but as we are not able to judgethe nature of the variations we are obliged to create a new species which will becomeperhaps in the future shnply a variety. Only the figured specimen has been found.Occurrence.?Miocene: Santiago, Cuba (very rare).Holotype.~Ca,t. No. 68521, U.S.N.M. Genus PUELLINA JulUen, 188G.(For description sue Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 293.)PUELLINA HEKRMANNI Gabb and Horn, 1862.Plate 35, figs. 2, 3.1862. Reptescharella hernnanni Gabb and Horn, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary andTertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 137, pi. 19, fig. 20.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate,elliptical, distinct, separated by a furrow and little convex. The costules are wide,flat, numbering from eight to ten; the lacunae are small and increase in size fromthe talon toward the zooecial axis. The apertura is semilunar, transverse, with arectilinear proximal border. ,, . A ^ ffta = 0.10mm. ? . [Z3= 0.60mm.Measurements.?^Apertura, . ?? Zooecia, ? ,^^ Ik = 0.20 mm. [(2 = 0.40 mm.Affinities.?The trace of the five oral spines as figured by Gabb and Horn issometimes visible. In its exterior aspect and the width of the costules, this speciesis similar to Crihrilina reniformis Ortmann, 1890, and it differs from it only in themicrometric measui'ements if the magnification indicated by this author is exact.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68522, U.S.N.M.PUELLINA RADIATA forma SCRIPTA Renss, 1847. Plate 15, fig. 12; plate 35, fig. 1. 1847. CeUepora scripta Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger'sNaturwiasenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 82, pi. 9, fig. 28. ,, . * . fAa = 0.06ram. ? . fZ2 = 0.46 -0.50 nam.Measurements.?Apertura, ? ._ Zooecia , _ ? . _ ?_^ \la = 0.08 mm. | /2= 0.24 - 0.30 mm. . ^ r ? 11 J ? (Aa = 0.08mm.Apertura ot ovicelJed zooecia , _ ,?'^ (la = 0.10 mm.Variations.?The variations figured by the authors are very great; they dependon the number of the costules and on their width and also on the size of the avicu-laria. The photographs of our specimens are quite similar to the figures of Reuss12184?23?Bull. 125 7 90 BUIi-ETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. and Manzoni; but the dimensions are generally larger than in Eocene examples, all of them corresponding to specimens dredged in the Mediterranean.The operculum closes the ovicell. The latter is often keeled. The aperturaof the ovicelled zooecia is always larger. The number of costules is never greaterthan 12 to 14. There are always five spines.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare).Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester County,Virginia (rare). Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Plesiotype.~Ca.i. Nos. 68523-68525, U.S.N.M.PUELLINA RADIATA forma RARECOSTA Reass, 1847.1847. Cellepora rarecosta Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger'sNaturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 11, p. 82, pi. 10, fig. 4.This form is recognizable by the small number and prominence of the costules.It accompanies the typical form of the species at many recent and fossil localities.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Monica, California (rare).Plesiotypes.?Cat. No. 68526, U.S.N.M. PUELLINA RADIATA CAROLINENSIS Gabb and Horn, 18G2. Plate 1, fig. 10. 1862. RepUscharella carolinensis Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiaryformations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, vol. 5, p. 136,pi. 19, fig. IS.1919. Puellina radiata carolinensis Oanu and B.\.ssler, Geology and Paleontology of the WestIndies, Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 90,pi. 1, fig. 12.1920. Puellina radiata carolinensis Canu and Bassler, Mongraph North American Early TertiaryBryozoa, Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 297, pi. 41, fig. 19.This variety is characterized by its smooth peristome, without tuberosities,and by the small canal of the avicularium, which is larger than in the type.In reality the spines have not disappeared; on the perfect specimens they are still visible, but they never have the size and importance of those which decoratethe type. The zooecia are a little larger and have 16 costules.Occurrence.?Jacksonian of South Carolina and Alabama; Vicksburgian ofAlabama. Oligocene (Anguilla formation) : Southwest side of Crocus Bay Bluff,125 feet above sea level, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (rare). Oligocene (Antiguaformation) : Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands (rare) . Plesiotype.?C&t. No. 68527, U.S.N.M.PUELLINA INNOMINATA Couch, 1844.Plate 15, fig. 13.1844. Lepralia innominata Couch, Cornish Fauna, pt. 3, p. 114.1900. Cribrilina radiata, var. innominata Nevi.^ni, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Palaeonto-graphia Italica, vol. 6, p. 171 (regional bibliography).1905. Cribrilina radiata, var. innominata Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare, Bollettino dellaSocieta Geologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 523 (sep. 21).1909. Puellina innominata Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnean Society London,Zoology, vol. 30, p. 291 (zoological bibliography). NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 91 Variations.?The genus Puellina as limited by Jullien, 1886, and Levinsen,1909, does not appear to us as well characterized as it is based on the presence ofpapillae whose physiologic function is not very evident. The relationship of theoperculum to the ovicell constitutes for us generic characters of a greater import-ance in the Costulae as in the other Cheilostomata. It is in this feature that thepresent species is quite different from Puellina (Cribrilina) radiata, for the ovicellis never closed by the operculiun. According to bur views of classification it willbe necessary to form a new genus for this type.On our specimen the suboral pore is often replaced by a tubercle. The costulesare fine and the lacunae are arranged in concentric series.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare).Geological distribution.?Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza); Astian of Italy(Seguenza) ; Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani) ; Quaternary of Italy (Waters,Seguenza, DeStefani).Habitat.?England, Mediterranean, Florida.Plesiotype.?Cat. Nqt 6853?ji?J.S.N.M.PUELLINA CRASSILABIATA, new species. ' Plate 29, fig. 7.Description.?-The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are elliptical, regular,very little elongated, distinct, convex, separated by a furrow; the radial costulesnumber 12 and taper toward the center, they are garnished with three large limaenpores and separated by four lacunae of diminishing size. The aperture is semi-lunar; the peristome is salient, very thin, and bears three hollow spines; a thicktransverse lip borders the proximal edge of the apertura, between the two smalloral avicularia. The ovicell is large, globular, salient, punctured by small, scatteredpores; it opens by a special orifice in front of the oral lip.? J A i. \ha= 0.12 mm. ? . |i2 = 0.50mm.Measurements.?^AperturaL ? ,_ Zooecia , _ ?^^ lia = 0.10mm. iiz = 0.35mm.Ajfinities.?The apertura of the ovicelled zooecia is wider and measures 0.12 mm.in -nddth. The ovicell is not closed by the operculum and the passage of the eggsis protected by the wide oral mucro. This species does not belong, therefore, tothe genus Puellina, since the two functions of the passage of the eggs and the escapeof the larva operate in an absolutely different fashion than in PuelliTia radiataMoll, 1803. There are six dietcllae.In the presence of two small oral avicularia, it resembles the following species : It differs from Puellina puncturata Busk, 1859, in its elongate and nontransverseovicell. It differs from Puellina calomorpha Reuss, 1866, in its apertura non-transverse and garnished with less than five spines. It differs from Puellinaparisiensis Canu, 1917, in its thin nontransverse peristome, garnished with threespines and not with two tuberosities.Occurrence.^Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County.South Carolina (rare) . Holotype.?Cut. No. 68529, U.S.N.M. 92 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus METRACOLPOSA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 304.)METRACOLPOSA MUCRONATA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 4. Description:?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, elongate, elliptical, distinct, convex, separated by a deep furrow. The costules, numbering10 to 12, are wide, robust, convex, and bear some lumen pores; the lacunae are 4 innumber and are small and orbicular. The apertura is oblique, elliptical, transverse;its proximal border bears a bifid, salient mucro. The ovicell is large, salient, con-vex; keeled, sunken in the distal zooecium; it opens in front of the mucro and cannot be closed by the operculum. f;ta = 0.10mm. ^ . [is = 0.40-0.46 mm.Measurements.-Apevtm^ll^^^^^ ^^ 2??"^^^ Z2 = 0..34-0.36 mm. . . ? , . (^a= 0.15mm.Apertura of ovicelled zooecmm , _ ??^ [ta= 0.^^ mm. Affinities.?The genus Metracolposa was discovered in the American Eoceneformations, where it is widely represented by vigorous, bilamellar species. Itspresence in the zone of the Pacific seems to indicate a great geographic extension ingeologic time. Its presence even in the recent seas is quite probable. We shouldrecall that the mucro of the Cheilostomatous zooecia is an apparatus of protectionfor the passage of the eggs.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68530, U.S.N.M.Family HIPPOTHOIDAE Levinsen, 1909.Genus fflPPOTHOA (Lamouroux, 1821) Hincks, 1880.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 326.)HIPPOTHOA HYALINA Linnaeus, 1768. Plate 35, figs. 5-8. 1768. Cellepora hyalina Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, p. 1286.1859. Lepralia hyalina Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications PaleontographicalSociety, London, vol. 14, p. 52, pi. 5, fig. 1.1880. Schizoporella hyalina Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 271, pi. 18, figs. 8-10.1889. Schizoporella hyalina Jelly, A synonymic Catalogue Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 227 (biblio-graphy).1894. Schizoporella hyalina Levinsen, MosdjT. Zoologica Danica (Danske Djt), Ilefte 9, p. 66,pi. 5, figs. 45-47.1896. C?HcporeHa Aj/aMna NoRDGAARD, Systemetisk fortegnelse over dei Norge hidtil observer de,arteraf marine polyzoa, I, Cheilostomata, Bergen's MusuemAarbog for 1894-95, No. 2, p. 23.1900. Bippothoa hyalina Waters, Bryozoa from Franz-Josef Land, Journal Linnean Society London,vol. 18, p. 70, pi. 8, figs. 16-18.1900. Celleporella hyalina Nordoaard, Don Norske Nordnaya-Expedition, Zoology no., vol. 17,p. 10.1902. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoairos marins de la region de Cette, Travaux de I'InstitutZoologie, University Montpellier, ser. 2, Memoire XI, p. 44. WORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 93 1903. Hippoihoa hyalina Norman, Notes on the Natural History of East Finnmark, Annals MagazineNatural History, ser. 7, vol. 12, Polyzoa, p. 108.1904. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoen, Ergebnisse der Hamberger Magalhaensiche Sammel-reise, p. 25.1905. Hippothoa hyalina Nordqaard, Hydrographical and biological investigations in Norwegianfiords, Bergen Museum, p. 165.1906. Hippothoa hyalina Waters, Br\'ozoa from Chatham Island and d'Urville Island, New Zealand.Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 19.1906. Celleporella hyalina Nordgaard, Die Bryozoen des westlichen Norwegena, Bergen MusuemMeeres-fauna von Bergen, p. 87.1907. Schizoporella hyalina Calvet, Bryozoaires, Expedition scientifiques Travailleur et Talisman,p. 415.1907. Hippothoa hyalina Nordgaard, Campagne arctique de 1907 de Due D'Orleans. Bryozo-aires, p. 9.1908. Schizoporella hyalina Robertson, Incrusting Cheilostomatous Br>-ozoa of the West Coastof North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, No. 5, p. 289,pi. 19, fig. 43-45 (not synonomy).1911. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a I'^tude des Bryozoaires des cotesArmoricaines, II, Bryozoaires provenant de la rade de Bres?, Travaux du Laboratoire deZoologie de Concarneau, vol. 3, p. 2.1912. Hippothoa hyalina Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin Bureau Fisheries,vol. 30, 1910, p. 235, pi. 24, fig. 47 (American bibliography).1912. Hippothoa hyalina Nordgaard, Revision av norske Bryozoer, Kgl. norske VidenskabersSelskabs Skriften, 1911, no. 3, p. 20.1912. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a I'^tude des Brj-ozoaires des cotesArmoricaines, III, Brj'ozoaires de la region de Concarneau, Travaux scientifiques duLaboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 14.19i2. Schizoporella hyalina Barroso, Briozoos de la estacion maritima de Santander, Trabajos delMuseo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 16.1913. Schizoporella hyalina Guerin-Ganivet, Bryozoaires de la Mission arctique, Society d'oceano-graphique de Golfe de Gascogne, fasc. 7, p. 26.A number of varieties of tliis widespread recent and fossil species have beendescribed. Their present day arrangement is as follows:Variety hougainvillei D'Orbigny, 1839, is a distinct species.Variety discreta Buslv, 1852, is Diazeuxia reticularis Jullien, 1888.Variety muricata Busk, 1852, is Diazeuxia Icerguelenensis Jullien, 1888.Variety cornuta Hincks, 1880, from Australia belongs to another genus.Variety cornuta Hincks, 1880, from Natal is another species.Variety from Santa Cruz (Hincks, 1880) is a distinct species.Variety from Australia (MacGillivray) is a distinct species. Measurements.?Ordinary zooecia: Apertura , ?' ??^ I ia = 0.10 mm. rj . [1,2 = 0.40 mm.Zooecia , . , , [ te = 0.14 mm.^ . ? , . , ^ fAa = 0.06mni.Ovicelled zooecia: Apertura Zooecia Za = 0.08 mm.f is = 0.40 mm.Z0 = O.2O mm. ,, , . A i. { ha = 0.0i nma.Male zooecia : Apertura , ? ? . ^ \ la = 0.04 mm. Zooecia' i2 = 0.24 mm.Z2 = 0.12 mm. Zooecia 94 BULLETIN 125, XINITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Variations.?The ordinary zooecia and the ovicelled zooecia develop on thesame plane. The male zooecia have no fixed place and lap over very often on theothers; when they are numerous and erect they give to the zoarium an aspect ofCellepora, which explains its generic name of Celleporella given by certain authors.The presence of three sorts of zooecia renders this species easy to determine;however, it is not rare to find zoaria uniquely formed of ordinary zooecia, in whichcase the determination is more difficult.This species generally lives on algae and the depths indicated by the dredgingsgives only information of secondary importance when the substratum is unknown.This is a species of the cold boreal zone and it never goes farther south than theforty-second parallel. We have found in the Pliocene of Monroe County, Florida, amediocre specimen of a very closely related species. We will only give it a nameif we have the chance to find better specimens. Generally its niicrometric measure-ments are more reduced. Measurements.?Ordinary zooecia: Apertura , ~'?' ^ i Za= 0.08 mm.fL2= 0.30mm.1 l2 = 0.20 mm. TVT 1 ? A 1 fAa = 0.04mm.Male zooecia: Apertura , ?^,^ I to = 0.04 mm. Zooecia!t = ^-;6-0-20 mm.[ (2 = 0.12 mm.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara (rare); Dead Man's Island off SanPedro (rare); Los Angeles and Santa Monica, California (rare).Geological distribution.?Plaisancian of England (Busk).Hahitat.?Arctic Ocean: Iceland (162 meters); Franz Joseph Land (12-150meters); Barents Sea (106 meters); Jean Mayen; Spitzberg; Greenland (4-48meters) ; Sea of Kara; Nova Zembla (3-32 meters). North Sea: Norway; Germany;Denmark (8-27 meters). Eastern Atlantic: Off England, English Channel, Gulfof Gascony. Western Atlantic: Labrador, Woods Hole region. Eastern Pacific:Alaska, California.Plesiotypes.?Ca,t. Nos. 68531, 68532, U.S.N.M. raPPOTHOA HVALINA. var. RUGOSA, new variety.Plate 35, fig. 9.Only the figured specimen has been found; it perhaps forms a distinct species.The large transverse wrinkles of the frontal are very characteristic. The speciesdiffer from Hippothoa bougainvillei D'Orbigny, 1839, in the absence of two laro-efrontal beaks. *Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68533,U.S.N.M. KORTH AMERICAN L.A.TER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 95Genus TRYPOSTEGA Levinsen, 1909.(For description, see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 327.)TRYPOSTEGA VENUSTA Norman, 1864.Plate 16, fig. 1.1920. Trypostega venusta Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa,Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 330 p. 85, figs. 15, 16 (bibliography and descrip-tion.).The earliest appearance of this recent species in the Tertiary rocks of Americais in the Vicksbiu-gian of Mississippi and Alabama, where it is quite rare. TheMiocene deposits of North Carolina have furnished a very few specimens whichdiffer in no appreciable respect from the typical form.Occurrence.?Miocene: (Duplin marl) Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare).Miocene (Yorktown formation) : 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, Gloucester Coimty,Virginia (rare).Geological distribution.?Miocene of Austraha (Waters); Vicksburgian of theUnited States (Canu and Bassler).Habitat.?Eastern Atlantic: English Channel, Madeira, Azores, Cape VerdeIslands. Pacific: Lifu, Loyalty Island, Torres Straits. China Sea, Tozar Bank(43 meters). Indian Ocean: Saya de Malha (46-202 meters); Mauritius; Wasin,British East Africa (162 meters).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68534, U.S.N.M.Family ESCHARELLIDAE, Levinsen, 1909.Group , SCHIZOPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917.Genus SCHIZOPORELLA Hincks, 1880.As employed in our Monograph on the North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa,ScMzoporella is retained for species showing no ovicell and which therefore can notbe grouped in their proper place in the Schizoporellae.SCHIZOPORELLA MAGNIPOROSA, new species.Plate 45, figs. 1, 2.Description.?The zoarium incrusts sponges. The zooecia are distinct, sepa-rated by a furrow, irregularly hexagonal; the frontal is little convex, porous, per-forated by large, scattered tremopores. The apertura is formed of a semicircular,anter and of a wide rounded rimule. Near the apertura there are one or two smallsetiform avicularia. -,, . L . \ha = 0.18 xmn. ? ? fZ-2 = 0.65 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , ^ ,? Zooecia , ? ..^ ? ^^^ lta = 0.12mm. [ i3 = 0.50-0.55 mm. Affinities.?Only the figured specimens have been found, and as they are incom-plete and bear no ovicell it is impossible as yet to classify the species generically.The presence of small, oral, vibraculoid avicularia seems to indicate that this speciesbelongs in reality to the genus Mastigophora.The ancestrular zooecia are much smaller. The ancestrula bears a large ellip-tical aperture occupying almost all its frontal. 96 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. This species differs from Mastigophora porosa Smitt, 1872, in its larger tremo-pores and in the smaller apertura.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare).Cotypes.?Cut. No. 68535, U.S.N.M.SCHIZOPORELLA LATISINUATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904. Plate 18, fig. 4. 1901. Schizoporella latisinuata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa: Maryland Geological Survey,Miocene, p. 421, pi. 119, fig. 2-4.Description.?Zoarium forming thin parasitic expansions over foreign bodies.Zooecia sharply distinguished from each other, rather irregularly arranged, oftensubrhomboidal, four or five in 2 mm.; surface coarsely punctate. Orifice terminal,directed somewhat obliquely forward, subcircular, broadly sinuate proximally,enclosed by a slightly elevated peristome. Avicularia rather small, prominent, oneon either or both sides of the orifice, rarely wanting, situated close to the peristome;apparently not divided by a septum. Ovicells not observed. (Ulrich and Bassler.) , . , fAa = 0.10mm. ^i, . ? fi3 = 0.40-0.45 mm.Measurements.?Apertura, ___ bhort zooecia , _ .?^ [to. = 0.10 mm. 1(2 = 0.40 mm. , . fZ2 = 0.60mm.Long zooecia , _ ?.? [ fe = 0.30 mm. Affinities.?The aperture is as high as wide and buried at the base of a smallperistome. The avicularium is infraoral; its beak is directed toward the medianaxis of the zooecia. The species has the exterior aspect of Stylopoma isdbelleanaSmitt, 1872, but differs in its larger avicularium and in the wider rimule of theaperture. We have not discovered the ovicell and are therefore not able to classifythe species generically.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choptank formation) : Jones Wliarf , Maryland (rare) . Holotype.?Qai. No. 68536, U.S.N.M.SCHIZOPORELLA CUMULATA Ulrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 16, fig. 10.1904. Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene, p. 422,pi. 17, fig. 7.The original description is as follows:Zoarium probably massive, composed of layers of zooecia arranged very irregularly and piled uponeach other much as in Cellepora. Zooeciaof irregular shapes, often broad ovate, convex, large, 0.5 mm.or 0.6 mm. in length and nearly 0.5 mm. in width. Orifice rounded, slightly transverse, the proximalside broadly notched ; peristome somewhat elevated, thick. Surface distinctly and abundantly punctate.Avicularia rather variable in size, situated on only one or on both sides of the orifice, the acuminateend of the aperture elevated and turned outwardly. Ovicells not observed.The general aspect of this bryozoan is decidedly like that of a Cellepora, and we can scarcely doubtthat it is related to some of the species still referred to that genus. We have placed it under Schizoporella,not because we are satisfied that it really belongs there, but for the reason that its zooecial orifices andthe avicularia are almost exactly as in other species (e. g., S. subguadrata and S. latisinuata) that wehave referred to this genus. From these it is distinguished principally by the extremely irregulararrangement and piling up of the zooecia. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 97 In the absence of ovicells on the few specimens found we are unable to classifythis species in the correct division of the Schizoporellae.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choptank formation) : Jones "Wharf, Maryland (very rare).Miocene (St. Mary's formation): Cove Point, Maryland (rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68537, U.S.N.M.Genus ARTHROPOMA Levinsen, 1909.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 351.)AKTHROPOMA CORNUTA, new species.Plate 16, fig. 3.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, little elongate, swollen; the frontal is convex covered by largetremopores and ornamented by a small salient median protuberance. The aperturais semilunar, transverse and bears on its rectillinear, proximal border a very smallsinus. -,, , ? X fAa = 0.10mm. ? . fi2 = 0.70mm.Measurements.?Apertura , . , . Zooecia , _ __^ lZa = 0.14mm. [62 = 0.50 mm.Aifinities.?The form of the rimule leaves no doubt regarding the arrangementof this species in the genus Arthropoma. It differs from the genotype ArthropomacecUi Audouin, 1826, only in the presence of the small frontal protuberance.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River,25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare).Holotype.??&t. No. 68538, U.S.N.M.Genus DAKARIA JuUien, 1903.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 359.)DAKARIA CHEVREUXI Jullien, 1903.Plate 45, fig. 7. 1903. Daharia chevreitxi Jullien, Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de VPirondellc (1886-1888),R&ultats des Campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, fasc. 23, p. 90, pi. 9, fig. 6.We have found only a single specimen which is incrusting a coral, but in spiteof its mediocre preservation we believe our determination to be exact. Eachtremopore is surrounded by a small salient peristome. The oral avicularia are notconstant. The proximal lip of the aperture ends in two condyles.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare).Habitat.?Shores of Graciosa Isle, Azores.Plesiotype.?C&t. No. 68539, U.S.N.M.DAKARIA GRANDIS, new species.Plate 20, fig. 16.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are large, distinct,elongated, elliptical, separated by a deep furrow; the frontal is convex, ornamentedwith numerous small tremopores and minute granulations. The apertura is orbicu-lar or somewhat transverse; two strong condyles placed in the lower third limit thebroad rounded sinus; the peristome is entire, thin, salient, finally denticulated. 98 BUULETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. (7ia = 0.25mm. ? ? fZ2 = 0.95 mm.i/easurejnente.-Apertura |^^ ^ ^ 25 mm. ^''"^"^ \h = 0.55-0.60 mm.Affinities.?^This species is very close to the genotype Dakaria chevreuzi Jullien,1904, but it differs in the absence of salient threads between the zooecia, which arealso more elongated and especially in the larger micrometric dimensions (Z2 = 0.75mm.) . Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, Virginia (rare).Holotype.?Cut. No. 68540, U.S.N.M.DAKARIA TOKQUATA D'Orbigny, 1839. Plate 12, figa. 8, 9. 1839. Escharina torquala D'Orbiony, Voyage dans rAmerique-Meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 4, Zoo-phytea, p. 11, pi. 4, figs. 1-4.1845. Escharina iumidula Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of NorthAmerica, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 1, p. 502. (Not Flustratorquata LamouTOu-x, 1827, Encyclopedie M^thodique, vol. 14, p. 407.)1851. Cellepora subtorquata D'Orbiony, Paleontologie francaise, Terrain Cretace, vol. 5, Bryo- zoaires, p. 399.1905. Cellepora subtorquata Waters, Notes on some Recent Bryozoa in D'Orbigny's Collection,Annals Magazine Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 6. ,, . A i fAa= 0.15mm. ? . fL2 = 0.50mm.Measurements.?Apertura , ?,_ Zooecia , _ .?^ lZa = 0.15mm. |(2 = 0.40mm.Affinities.?-In 1851 D'Orbigny having noted that his Escharina torquata wasnot Flustra torquata Lamouroux, 1827, changed its name. Examining the type ofthe species Waters, 1905, wrote "D'Orbigny's figure is good, but the lateral wingsby the side of .the sinus project more than is figured." In 1884 Hincks believed hehad found D'Orbigny's species in the Pacific off California, but his good figure wouldnot really permit this identification; the primitive name of Schizoporella dawsoniHincks, 1883, applied by him to this species must therefore be preserved. Thedescription and figure of Lonsdale leaves no doubt; we have indeed rediscoveredhis Escharina tumidula and in the same locality, namely, Petersburg, Virginia.D'Orbigny's figure of the species is much better than that of Lonsdale. Thisspecies differs from Schizobrachiella sanguinea Norman, 1868, and Dalcaria cJiev-reuxi Jullien, 1903, in a larger rimule and in the smaller micrometric dimensions.It incrusts shells and has no dietellae.Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : 3 miles southwest of Petersburg(rare) and 2 miles southwest of Cash, Gloucester County, Virginia (rare) . Hahitat.?Atl&ntic: Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Plesiotypes.?Csit. No. 68541, U.S.N.M.DAKARIA PARVIPOROSA, new species.Plate 30, fig. 1.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, long,separated by a furrow; the frontal is convex and formed by a tremocyst with verysmall pores. The apertura is large, orbicular with a very wide rimule of little depth.Measurements.?Apertura , ? 'i ^ "^ ' Zooecialto = 0.16 mm. L2= 0.50-0.60 mm.Z2 = 0.36-0.40 mm. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZQA. 99 Affinities.?This species differs from Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1883, onlyin the absence of the oral armature of the rimule and in the absence of a furrow nearthe apertura. The figured specimen is the only one that has been found; it lacksthe ovicell and we can not make any close comparisons.Occurrence.?-Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (very rare) . Eolotype.?Cut. No. 68542, U.S.N.M.Genus LACERNA JuUien, 1888.(For description see Bulletin 106, V. S. \ational Museum, p. 345.)LACERNA MUCRONATA Smitt, 1872.Plate 16, fig. 2.1872. Hippothoa mucroneta Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akade-miens Handlingar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 45, pi. 8, fig. 169.Our determination of the American specimens is exact. We can observe onour specimens the same costules, the six spines, the wide rimule and the completeperistome indicated on Smitt's figure.Occurrence.?Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (very rare).Habitat.?Florida (47 meters).Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68543, U.S.N.M.Genus STEPHANOSELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 343.)STEPHANOSELLA BIAPERTA MIcheUn, 1842. Plate 16, figs. 4-9. Zoological bibliography.1889. Schizoporella biaperla Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 223 (bibliog-raphy).1901. Schizoporella biaperla White.wes, Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada,Geological Survey of Canada, Bull. no. 722, p. 100.1907. Schizoporella biaperla Calvet, Expedition scientifique Travailleur et Talisman, p. 419 (bibli-ography).1908. Schizoporella biaperla Robertson, The Incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coastof North America, University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 4, p. 287, pi. 19, fig. 41.1909. Schizoporella biaperla Norman, The Polyzoa of Maderia and neighboring Islands, JournalLinnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 303, pi. 40, figs. 3, 4 (var. divergens).1912. Schizoporella biaperla Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region, Bulletin BureauFisheries, vol. 30, p. 237, pi. 29, fig. 49.1912. Schizoporella biaperla Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a I'dtude des Bryozoaires des cotesArmoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau, Travaux scientifiques duLaboratoire de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 13.1912. Schizoporella biaperla Nordqaard, Campagne arctique de 1907, de Due d'Orleans, Bryozoairesp. 40.1912. Schizoporella biaperla Barroso, Briozoos de la Estacion de Biologia maritima de Santander,Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 40.1914. Schizoporella biaperla Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication CarnegieInstitution of Washington, no. 182, p. 207. 100 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Paleonlological bibliography.1842. Eschara biapcrta Michelin, IconograpMe zoophytologique, p. 330, pi. 79, fig. 3.1859. Lcpralia biaperla Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, PubUcations PaleontographicalSociety, London, vol. 14, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 5.1862. Replescharcllina comuta Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiary for-mations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Pliiladelpliia, ser. 2,vol. 5, p. 147, pi. 20, fig. 31.1875. LepraKa biaperla Manzoni, I Briozoi del pliocene antico di Castrocaro, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 28.1878. Lepralia biaperla Waters, Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Pliocene of Bruccoli (Sicily), Transac-tions Manchester Geological Society, vol. 14, p. 13, fig. 8.1879. Lepralia biaperla Seguenza, Le formazioni terziarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Calabria),Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche eNaturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, jp. 81, 202.1887. Lepralia biapcrta Waters, On Tertiary Bryozoa from New Zealand, Quarterly Journal Geo-logical Society, London, vol. 43, p. 65.1895. Sddzoporella biaperla MacGillivray, Monograph Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, TransactionsRoyal Society of Victoria, vol. 4, p. 85, pi. 11, fig. 20.1895. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presso Roma,Paleontographica Italica, vol. 1, p. 110 (sep. 34).1896. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti AccademiaGioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 33, fig. 16.1896-1898. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Briozoi neozoid di alcune localita d'ltalia, Bollettinodella Socicta Romana per gli Studi Zoologica, pt. 3, p. Ill (sep. 10); pt. 5, pp. 4, 7.1897. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Corallari e Briozoi neogenici di Sardigna, Bolletino dellaSocieta Geologica Italiana, vol. 15, p. 588 (sep. 20).1901. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie Paleontographia Italiana,vol. 6, p. 195 (sep. 8) (regional bibliography).1905. Schizoporella biaperla Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino SocietaGeologica Italiana, vol. 23, p. 532 (sep. 30).1919. Stephanosella biaperla Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Paleontology, Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 292, p. 91, pt. 1,figs. 16-18.1920. Stephanosella biaperla Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bull.106, U. S. National Museum, p. 344. ^ . , (7ia = 0.10 mm. ? . lLz = OAO ima.Measurements.?Apertura , ? ,^ _ ,? Zooecia 7 r> or>^ |Za =0.10-0.12 mm. [ te = 0.30 mm.Variations.?This species is quite variable in its external aspects and in itsmicrometric measurements. The ovicelled zooecia are oriented in all directions;this absolutely inexplicable phenomenon characterizes this species and contributesmuch to making it often absolutely unrecognizable.We give figures of specimens chosen from different formations which will sufficeto enable the reader to avoid errors of determination. The specimens with largetremopores should possibly be separated as a variety, in which case Gabb andHorn's name of comuta would be available. This is one of the few species commonto both the Atlantic and Pacific.Occurrence.?Miocene (Bowden marl): Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Miocene(Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina (rare). Pleistocene: Los Angeles(rare). Dead Mans Island off San Pedro (very rare), and Santa Monica, California(rare); Vero, Florida (rare).Geological distribution.?Miocene of Australia (MacGillivray); Helvetian ofFrance (Michelin), of Sardinia (Neviani), and Italy (Seguenza) ; Zanclean of Italy(Seguenza, DeStefani); Sahelian of Oran (Collection Canu); Plaisancian of England NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 101(Busk), of Italy (Manzoni); SiciHan of Italy (Neviani, Waters); Quaternary ofItaly (Neviani) ; Pliocene of New Zealand (Waters).Habitat-?Arctic Ocean: Kara Sea, Spitzberg, Greenland, Jean Mayen (160-180meters), Alaska (circumpolar species). Eastern Atlantic: North Sea, EnglishChannel, England, Brittany, Gulf of Gascony (166 meters), Spain, Madeira (48meters), Azores (130 meters). Western Atlantic: Woods Hole region (5-32 meters),Florida (14-97 meters). Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Islands, California (213meters). Western Pacific: Japan. Southern Pacific: Australia, New Zealand.Mediterranean: Nice, Naples, Corse (22-110 meters), Ajaccio (280 meters), Boni-facio (55-77 neters), Algeria (121 meters), and north of Morocco (370 meters).Plesiotypes.?Cut. Nos. 68544-08546, U.S.N.M.Genus STYLOPOMA Levlnsen, 1909.1909. Stylopoma Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa,pi. 18 (name only).1920. Stylopoma Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bull.106, U. S. National Museum, p. 359.The ovicell is hyperstomial ; it covers the apertura and the avicularia entirely.The frontal is a tremocyst. The apertura is provided with a small linear rimule. P4 \' ..?..? *.'^? *^>v.. ?. .? ..V Fig. 15.?Genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909.A.-H. Stylopoma spongiles Pallas, 1766. A. Zooecium, X 40, with an ovicell, the frontal half ofwhich is cut away. B. drawing, X 6, showing an ovicell from the proximal end and distal walls withseptulae. C, D. Opercula, X 100. (A-D, after Levinsen, 1909.) E. Zooecia, X 25, showing ovicelland vicarious avicularium. F. A zooecium, X 85, showing the oral denticles from the front. G.Operculum, X 85. (E-G, after Waters, 1918.)Genotype.?Stylopoma (EscJiara) spongites Pallas, 1766. Range: Miocene-Recent.Levinsen proposed this genus for EscJiara spongites and ScTiizoporella longirostrisHincks, 1886, but having recognized that the size of the rimule upon which lie basedit is not a generic character, he suppressed the name. We reestablish the genus,basing it upon the function of the passage of the eggs, which operates in a verydifferent manner from that in Schizopodrella, where the species would otherwisehave been placed. The great development of the ovicell above the aperture assuresthis function. Schizoporella longirostris Hincks, 1886, has the same type of orifice,but not being provided with this ovicell it must be classified in Schizopodrella. 102 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.STYLOPOMA SPONGITES Pallas, 1766. Plate 17, figs. 1-12. 17G6. Eschara spongites Pallas, Elenchus Zoophytorum, p. 45.1797. Cellepora spongites Esper, Die PflanzentMere, p. 242, pi. 111.1803. Eschara spongites Moll, Die Seerinde aus der Ordnung der Pflanzenthiere, Wien.pl., figs. 3A,3B.1821. Cellepora spongites Lamoueoux, Exposition methodique des genres de Polypiers, p.41, fig. 3.1845. Cellepora informata Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of NorthAmerica, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol. 1, p. 505 (text fig.).1857. Reptocelleporaria informata Tuomey and Holmes, Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 15,pi. 4, figs. 11, 12.1862. Reptocelleporaria informata Gabb and Horn, Monograph Polyzoa Secondary and Tertiaryformations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 132.1872. Hippothoa spongites Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. 2, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-AkademiensHandUngar, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 42, pi. 8, figs. 161-163.1889. Schizoporella spongites Jelly, Sj-nonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 234 (bibliography).1904. Schizoporella informata Ulrich and Bassler, Bryozoa, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene,p. 419, pi. 114, figs. 6-10.1909. Schizoporella spongites Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the CheiJosto-matous Bryozoa, p. 323, pi. 18, figs. 3, 4 {Stylopoma spongites on plate).1914. Schizoporella spongites Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publication CarnegieInstitution of Washington, no. 182, p. 207.1919. Stylopoma spongites Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 91, pi. 1, fig .13. ,, ^ ? i fAa = 0.14 mm. ? . fZ2 = 0.50 mm.Measurements.? Apertura , . ^. /ooecia , _ _ . ^ I Za = 0.10 mm. [ Z2 = 0.36 mm.Historical.?The bibliography pubUshed by Miss Jelly in 1889 was determinedby Smitt, 1872, and appears inexact to us. Tliis species is absolutely restricted tothe Gulf of Mexico. By what chance could it have fallen into the hands of theeighteenth century authors ? Certainly the species which they figured is the Schizo-podrella unicornis Johnston, 1847, or ScMzopodrella longirostris Hincks, 1886, whichalso present large multilamellar and spongy zoaria. We believe that the name ofLonsdale, 1845, would be preferable.Variations.?The ovicell of this species is quite remarkable; a superb studywas made by Levinsen, 1909. An ordinary polypide forms the zooecium. Itdegenerates and is replaced by a female polypide which forms the ovicell above thedistal zooecium and the apertura. It is deprived of tentacles which could scarcelyissue from the special orifice of the ovicell. The passage of the eggs is thus assuredin a positive fashion. The escape of the larvae operates as in the species of thegenus ScMzopodrella by the rupture of the membrane which closes the ovicell.The variations of this species are extraordinary. The avicularium is present orabsent, large or small. The zooecia are long or short, narrow or swollen, eventransverse. Frequently they are oriented in all directions.The zoaria contain a large number of lamellae piled one on another; theirdimensions reach a length of 5 centimeters. The larvae are fastened on shells, onother bryozoa, and more frequently on the fronds of small algae. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 103 * Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : Yorktown and 3 miles southwestof Petersburg, Virginia (common). Miocene (Duplin marl) : Wilmington, and otherlocalities in North Carolina (common) ; Darlington, Muldrows Mills, 5 miles southof ^laysville, and other localities, South Carolina (rai'e). Pliocene (Caloosahatcheemarl) : Shell Creek, De Soto County and Munroe County, Florida (common) . Pleistocene: Simmons Bluff, Yonge's Island, Charleston County, South Carolina(rare); Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare). Pleistocene or Recent: Vero,Florida (rare).Habitat.?Gulf of Mexico off Florida (21-56 meters), Tortugas (29 meters),Bermuda, St. Thomas, St. John, and perhaps at Malacca (Levinsen).Plesiotypes.~Ca.%. Nos. 68547-68553, U.S.N.M.STVLOPOMA PROJECTA, new species.Plate 45, fig. 6.Description.?Zoarium incrusting. Zooecia distinct, separated by a furrow,regularly oriented, sub-rectangular; frontal convex and garnished with nmneroustremopores. Aperture small, transverse, with a small, narrow rimule; roundedat its extremity; peristome thick, salient, smooth. A small oral avicularium withpointed and very salient "beak is adjacent to the rimule and to the aperture. Theovicell is enormous, globular ornamented with tremapores; it hides the aperture.The interzooecial avicularium is large, convex, with rounded and somewhat enlargedbeak. ,, .Ax fAa = 0.10mm. ? fi2 = 0.50-0.55 mm.Measurements.?Aperture{, ?,, Zooeciai, _ ?_ ? ..^ ita.= 0.11 mm. Ii.3 = 0.30-0.40 mm.Affinities.?This species is very well characterized by its small oral aviculariumarranged to the right or to the left of the rimule, an arrangement not observed inother known species.Occurrence.?Pleistocene : Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (rare) . Plesiotype.?Cat. No. 68554, U.S.N.M.STYLOPOMA MAGNIPOROSA, new species,Plate 47, fig. 4.Description.?The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are large, elongated,distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical; the frontal is convex and perforated bylarge expanded tremopores. The apertura is elongated; the anter is orbicular andvery large; the poster is formed by a small narrow rectilinear rimule; the peristomeis thick, little salient, smooth. On each side of the apertura there are two triangularoblique avicularia with the beak directed towai-d the base. The ovicell is enormous,globular, placed on the distal zooecium, covering and hiding the aperture. ,, , * . [Aa = 0.20mm. ? . fi2 = 0.60-0.70 mm.Measurements.? Apertura , ?,, Zooecia , r^A- r^,-r.^ lte = 0.1onim. | tz = 0.4o-0.50mm.Affinities.?This species differs from Stylopoma isabelleana D'Orbigny in itslarge frontal tremopores and in the beak of the avicularia directed toward the base.We have observed a giant aperture corresponding probably to a special or abnormalmandible.Occurrence.?Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Santo Domingo.Holotype.?C&t. No. 68555, U.S.N.M. 104 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.STVLOPOMA MINUTA, new species. Plate 3, fig. 8. Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby deep furrows, elongated, small; the frontal is convex and provided with smalltremopores. The apertura is small, transverse, semielliptical with a narrow rec-tangular rimule on the proximal, rectilinear border; the peristome is thin, sharp,salient. The ovicell is very large, globular, provided with protuberances and en-tirely covers the apertura. In the vicinity of the apertura there is a small triangularavicularium with pivot, the beak of which is turned obliquely toward the top.{ha = 0.05 mm. ? . f is =0.40-0.45 mm.Measurements.?Apertura \ j ? ?? Zooecmm ] , r, c^r r, on ^^ [ la =0.07 mm. I tz = 0.25-0.30 mm.This is the smallest known species of the genus Stylopoina.Occurrence.?Miocene (Bowden marl) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare).Holotype.?Cat. 68556, U.S.N.M. ? Genus SCHIZOPODRELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description, see Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 338.)SCHIZOPODRELLA ACULEATA, new species. Plate 31, figs. 13, 14.Description.?The zoarium is massive, very large and formed of many super-posed lamellae. The zooecia are little distinct, elongated, separated by an irreg-ular furrow, elliptical or rectangular; the frontal is a tremocyst with large, widenedpores. The apertura is suborbicular and bears a wide, rounded rimule of littledepth; the peristome is thin, complete and salient on the zooecia of the internallamellae. The ovicell is globular, salient, covered with tremopores. The avic-ularium with pivot is placed in the vicinity of the apertura; it is very long andterminates in a point.Measurements.?Apertura | , r.\r, r^ -.r Zooecia 1 , ~ Aruo =0.12-0.15 mm. U2 = 0.25 mm.Affinities.?This species differs from ScMzoporella cumulata Ulrich and Bassler,1904, in the length of its avicularium (Z=0.40 mm.). It differs from Sc/ii-zopodrella longirostris Hincks, 1886, wliich also bears a large avicularium, in themuch greater width of its rimule. When the large avicularium is not much de-veloped S. aculeaia much resembles Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766; it differs fromit in its rimule which is wide and concave and not small and rectangular and also inthe different form of the ovicell. It differs from ScMzopodrella unicornis Johnston,1847, in which the apertura is identical, in the presence of a single very largeavicularium.Occurrence.?Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (very rare).Cotypes.?C&t. No. 68557, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 105SCHIZOPODRELLA MUTABILIS Canu and Bassler. 1919. Plate 6, figs. 3-5.1919. Schizopodrelh? mutabilk Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 90, pi. 6 , figs. 3-5. ' Description.?The zoarium is unilamellar, tubular; it incrusts the fine radi-cells of algae. The zooecia are little distinct, elongate, elliptical; the frontal islittle convex, surrounded by areolar pores and garnished with some large tremo-pores. The apertura is elongate, oval, with a wide rimule separated from theanter by two salient condyles. ^ . ^ I /ia = 0.18-0.20 mm. ? . /i2 = 0.70mm.Measurements.?Apertura s , ? , ? Ziooecia \ -, _ ? .^ I /a = 0.12 mm. U2 = 0.34 mm.Affinities.?The very thick incrustation of the tremocyst renders the aspect ofthis species quite changeable and sometimes absolutely unrecognizable. We havenot discovered the ovicell, so the classification naturally remains doubtful. It ispossible that our specimens represent the incrusting base of some branching formlike GemelliporelJa punctata Canu and Bassler, 1919, but until the discovery of morespecimens this point must remain in doubt.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) : Cercado de Mao, SantoDomingo (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68558, U.S.N.M.SCHIZOPODRELLA UNICORNIS Johnslon, 1847. Plate 17, figs. 13, 14.1847. Lepralia unicornis Joh.vston, History of British Zoophytes, ed. 2, p. 320, pi. 57, fig. 1.1880. Schizoporella unicornis Hinoks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 238, pi. 35, figs. 1-5.1889. Schizoporella unicornis Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, p. 236 (generalbibliography).1904. Schizoporella subquadrata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p.420, pi. 114, fig. 1; pi. 118, figs. 5, 6.1906. Schizoporella unicornis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Ouest de la France,I Aquatanien, Bulletin de la Soci^t^ g^ologique de France, p. 516 (biliography).1907. Schizoporella unicornis Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman,vol. 8, p. 417 (bibliography).1914. Schizoporella unicornis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Publications CarnegieInstitute of Washington, No. 182, p. 205 (American bibliography).1918. Schizoporella unicornis Waters, Marine Fauna fo the Cape Verde Islands, Linnean Society'sJournal Zoology, vol. 34, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 14-17, 22 (bibliography).1919. Schizopodrella unicornis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa, Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 90.This species may easily be confused with Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766;it is distinguished from it by the wide, proximal sinus of its apertura and by the quitedifferent form of its ovicell.S. unicornis is quite difl'used through the European Tertiary formations, buton the contrary is quite rare in America, although its geologic distribution hereappears to be almost identical.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene: (Bowden formation) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare).Miocene (Choptank formation) : Governor Rim, Maryland (rare) . Miocene (Duplin12184?23?Bull. 125 8 106 BUIXETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. marl) : Muldrows Mills, 5 miles south of Maysville, South Carolina (very rare) ; Wihnington, Natural Well, 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, etc.. North Carolina(rare). Miocene (Yorktown formation): 1 mile west of Fort Nonsense, GloucesterCounty and other locaUties in Virginia (rare) . Miocene (St. Mary's formation) : Bowler's wharf, 18 miles above Urbana, Middlesex County, Virginia (rare). PH-ocene (Caloosahatchee marl) : Monroe County, Florida (rare) . Pleistocene : SimmonsBluff, Younges Island, Charleston County, South Carolina; Daytona, Florida (rare).Geologic distribution.-?In Europe since the Stampian.Habitat.?Atlantic, Mediterranean, and boreal seas.Plesiotyfe.?C&t. Nos. 68559-68565, U.S.N.M.SCmZOPODRELLA FLORIDINA Osburn, 1914. Plate IG, figs. 11-15. 1914. Schizoporella floridina Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, PublicationsCarnegie Institute of Washington, No. 182, p. 206, text figs. 17, 18.Variations.?The zoarium is massive and formed of a number of superposedlamellae. Sometimes the zooecia are not oriented and are distributed in all direc-tions. The large avicularium is very fragile and easily altered by fossilization.The aperture in our fossil specimens is not exactly similar to that figured byOsburn differing slightly in its rimule not placed at the level of the frontal. Wehave not observed moreover the large interzooecial avicularium.Occurrence.?-Mocene (Duplin marl) : Wihnington and Lake Waccamaw, NorthCarolina (rare) . Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, OcklockoneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare).Cotypes.?C&t. Nos. 68566, 68567, U.S.N.M.SCHIZOPODRELLA PUSILLA. new species. Plate 17, figs 18, 19. Description.?The zoarium is free and bilamellar or incrusting. The zooeciaare small, little distinct, elongated, claviform; the frontal is somewhat convex,perforated by some large tremopores. The apertura is as high as wide; the rimuleis wide, rounded, little deep. The ovicell is globular, hyperstomial. There aregenerally two small triangular avicularia with very salient beak placed on each sideof the apertura.Measurements.?^AperturaL " ',? ' ??' Zooecia! /"?' ??^"lZa= 0.10mm. lZz= 0.24mm.Affinities.?This spe ies has much resemblance to Schizopodrella patagonicaWaters, 1905, in the arrangement of its* avicularia; it differs from it in its largeravicularia, placed lower, salient and always inclined toward the aperture. Thezooecia, although usually plain, are sometimes margined by a slightly salient thread.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl): Jackson Bluff, OcklockoneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare).Holotype.?Cht. No. 68568, U.S.N.M. NORTH AMERICAN L.ATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 107 ? SCHIZOPODRELLA MARGINATA. new species. Plate 30, figs. 4, 5.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are distinct, oval,wide, bordered by a wide thread, little salient joined to the peristome; the frontalis little convex and ornamented with large tremopores. The apertura is orbicular;the rimule is wide, of little depth, triangular. The ovicell is little salient, muchembedded in the distal zooecium with a frontal area. On each side of the aperturathere are two small round avicularia without pivot. ,, ^ , , \ha =0.10 mux. ? . fiz= 0.50mm.Measurements.?Apertura , _ ^? ^ ,? Zooecia , ? ?? . ^^^ [ Za=0.0S-0.10 mm. ( fe= 0.28-0.40 mm. Affinities.?This small species is quite well characterized and easy to determine.It differs from Schizopodrella pusilla, new species, in its great zooecial width and inthe triangular form of the rimule.Occurrence.?Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (rare).Holotype.?Cat. No. 68569, U.S.N.M.SCHIZOPODRELLA DOVERENSIS Ulrlch and Bassler, 1904. Plate 18, figs. 1-3.1904. Schizopodrella doverenmVLmcn and Bassler, Bryozoa, Geological Survey Maryland, Miocene,p. 421, pi. 117, fig. 1.Description.?Zoarium a thin sheet on foreign bodies, the figured specimengrowing on the reverse of Retepora doverensis. Zooecia well distinguished fromeach other but with the surface rather flat; irregularly arranged, though theirelongate form gives some prominence to the longitudinal rows; average length0.6 mm., width 0.35 to 40 mm. Orifice terminal, slightly transverse, broadlynotched on the proximal side, on the whole nearly circular. Surface reticulate,only slightly convex, the central portion appearing flattened. Avicularia rathersmall, prominent, one on either or both sides of the orifice, rarely wanting, situatedclose to the peristome; apparently both divided by a septum. Ovicells notobserved. (Ulrich and Bassler.)Affinities.?-The zooecia are not always regularly oriented. The zoariumincrusts shells or other bryozoa.This species differs from Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847, whose aper-tura is identical, in its larger dimensions and in the absence of the frontal protru-berance. It differs from Schizohrachiella {Escharella) sanguinea Smitt, 1872, in itssingle very large avicularium and in the smaller and more numerous tremopores. Itdiffers from Stylopoma {Hippothoa) isahelleana Smitt, 1872, in the place of itsavicularium not situated below the apertura.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choptank formation) : Dover bridge, Maryland (rare) . Pliocene (Caloosahatchee marl) : Shell Creek, De Soto County, Florida (very rare)Plesiotypes.?C&i. No. 68570, U.S.N.M. 108 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus SCHIZOLAVELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 1920. Schizolavclla Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 106,U. S. National Museum, p. 358.SCHIZOLAVELLA VULGARIS Moll, 1803. Plate 35, fig. 10. 1803. Eschara vulgaris Moll, Die Seerinde, p. 55, pi. 3, fig. 10.1867. Lepralia bollerii Heller, Die Bryozoen des Adriatischen Meeres, Verhandlungen der k. k.zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 7, p. 30, pi. 2, fig. 4.1880. Schizoporella vulgaris Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 244, pi. 37, fig. 7; pi. 40, figs. 5, 6.1880. Lepralia vulgaris Seguenza, Le formazioni terziarie della Provincia di Reggio (Calabria),Reale Accadomia dei Lincei, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 202, 295, 369, (not Lepralia otophora of thesame author). .?1885. Pachykraspcdon otophorum Koschinsky, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bryozoenfauna deriilteren Tertiiirschichten des sudlichen Bayerns, Paleontographica, vol. 32, p. 44.1889. Schizoporella vulgaris Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of Recent Marine Bryozoa, p. 238(bibliography) (not Lepralia cognata Reuss).1889. Schizoporella vulgaris Perqens, Notes succinates sur lea Bryozoaires, du Miocene de laRussie m^ridionale. Bulletin des Stances de la Soci6t6 Royale Malacologique de Belgique,vol. 24, p. 5.1895. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina, Palaeontographica Italica,vol. 1, p. 113 (3), pi. 6, fig. 13.1896. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi Postpliocenici di Spilinga (Calabria), Atti AccademiaGioenia di Scienze Natural! in Catania, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 32.1896. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Campagne du Caudan, Bryozoaires, Annales de l'Universit6de Lyon, p. 258.1898-1900. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d'ltaUa, BoUetinodella Society Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 4, vol. 5, p. 11; pt. 5, vol. 7, pp. 4, 7, 13;pt. 6, vol. 8, p. 67 (sep. 10), 1900.1899. Schizoporella vulgaris Waters, Bryozoa from Madeira, Journal Royal Microscopical Society,pp. 11, 16, pi. 3, figs. 9-11.1900. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabria, Palaeontographia Italica,vol. 6, p. 196 (sep. 82) (Bibliography regional).1902. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Bryozoaires marins des cotes de Corse, Travaux de I'lnstitutZoologiquo de Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 12, p. 21.1902. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Bryozoaries marins de la region de Cette, Travau.\ de I'lnstitutZoologique do Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 8, p. 41.1903. Schizoporella vulgaris Jullien, Bryozoaires provenant des Campagnes de I'Hirondelle, pp.79, 136.1905. Schizoporella vulgaris Neviani, Briozoi fossilL di Carrubare (Calabria), Bollettino della SocietyGoologica Italica, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 533 (sep. 31), fig. 12.1907. Schizoporella vulgaris Calvet, Expedition scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 417(bibliography).1909. Escharina vulgaris Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira, Linnean Society's Journal, vol. 30, p. 302.1912. Schizoporella vulgaris Canu, Etude compar6e des Bryozoaires Helvetians de I'Egypte avec lesBryozoaires vivants do la Mediterran^e et de la mer Rouge, Memoires de I'lnstitut Egyptien, vol. 6, p. 213, pi. 11, fig. 6 (palaeontological, illustrated bibliography).This species has never been noted except in the eastern Atlantic from theEnglish Channel to the Cape Verde Islands and in the Mediterranean. It is notknown in the Pacific. However, Waters has noted the fossil form in the Mioceneof Australia. Our specimen from the Pleistocene is undoubtedly of this species. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BBYOZOA. 109 It is therefore probable that its geographic extension is greater than we had sup-posed hitherto.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (very rare).Geological distrihution.?Stampian of Germany (Reuss); Casselian of Germany(Reuss) ; Miocene of Australia (Waters) ; Burdigalian of Gard (Canu collection) ; Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani), of Gard, of Herault, and of Touraine (Canucollection); Tortonian of Italy (Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); Sahelianof Gran (Canu collection); Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy(Manzoni, Neviani) ; Astian of Italy (Seguenza) ; Sicilian of Italy (Neviani, Waters)Quaternary of Italy (Neviani, Seguenza).Babitat.?Eastern Atlantic; English Channel, Gulf of Gascony (155-180 meters)Madeira, Cape Verde Islands, Azore Islands (89-130 meters). Mediterranean,Black Sea, Adriatic, Corse (5-77 meters), Cette (20-40 meters), Oran (75-121meters) . Phsiotype.?Cat. No. 68571, U.S.N.M. crjysi Fig. 16.?Genus Schizolavclla Canu and Bassler, 1920.A-H. Schizolavclla vulgaris Moll, 1803. A. Portion of zoarium vnth an o\'icelled zooeciumX 25. B. Two zooecia, X 40, showing the umbonate ovicell and a mucro on the front wall. C. Azooecium, X 40, showing structure. D. Avicularian mandible. (A-D, after Hincks, 1880.) E.Avicularian mandible, X 85. F. Base of the avicularian mandible, X 250. G. Operculum, X 85. (E-G,after Waters, 1898.) H. Ancestrula. The region inside the marginal spines is partly occupied by acalcareous plate (crypt) which is probably a cryptocist; 6. brown body (after Harmer, 1902).Genus SCfflZOMAVELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 353.)SCHIZOMAVELLA LONGIROSTRATA Hincks, 1883.Plate 35, fig.ll.1883. Schizoporella longiroslrata Hincks, Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands .\nnals Magazine Natural History, ser. 5, vol. 11. p. 4 17, pi. 17, fig. 4 (not Robertson, 1908). Measurements.?Apertura Aa = 0.16 mm.Za = 0.14 mm. Zooecia X3= 0.56 mm. . Iz = 0.36-0.40 mm. 110 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Variations.?The rimule bears two salient condyles on which are supportedthe small proximal tongue of the operculum. The ovicell is globular, elongated,large; it bears in front a small concavity; it bears small tremopores like the frontal,it is closed by the operculum.The large aviculariiun is not median ; it is eccentric and curved.The species which Miss Eobertson has figured under the same name appearsto be different for the apertura of the ovicelled zooecia is much larger than thatof the ordinary zooecia. This is not the case in the figure of Hincks and of ourspecimen.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare).Habitat.?Queen Charlotte Islands.Plesioty^e.?C&i. No. 68572, U.S.N.M.Genus GEMELLIPORELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920.1920. Gemelliporella Canu and Bassler, North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bulletin 106,U. S. National Museum, p. 372.The ovicell is hyperstomial and deeply embedded in the distal zooecium.The operculum does not close the ovicell and operates in a locella. The form ofthe apertura is like a keyhole. The frontal is garnished with lateral areolar poresand with a granular pleurocyst.Genotype.?Gemelliporella vorax, new species. Range: Pliocene.The genus GemeUipora Smitt, 1872, founded solely on the aspect of the apertm^a,is not a natural one. The first species described, G. ehurnea, has been selected byLevinsen, 1909, as the type of the genus and classified in his family Liriozoidae.GemeUipora striatula Smitt, 1872, is a synonym for Trypostega venusta Norman, 1869.GemeUipora glabra Smitt appears to have a smooth frontal, but it is necessary toexamine specimens anew. G. limbata Smitt is serial and appears to belong to thePhylactellidae. The keyhole form of the aperture does not appear to furnish asufficient generic character because it does not corrospond to an important modifica-tion of the hydrostatic function. In establishing the new genus Gemelliporella wehave employed the characters furnished by the ovicell and the frontal.GEMELLIPORELLA ASPER, rew species.Plate 18, figs. 5, 6.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters. The zooecia are little distinct,irregularly elliptical; the frontal is small, hardly convex, surrounded by large,crowded, areolar pores. The apertura is deep, biu-ied, elongate, shaped like a key-hole, with two lateral symmetrical condyles limiting the rimule; the peristomiceis eUi^ptical and bears a little salient mucro. The oviceU is globular, salient, punctate ; its orifice is very large and can not be closed by the opercvdum. On each side ofthe apertura there are two large orbicular avicularia with pivot, very salient; theone between them is much developed and becomes onychocelliform; its pivotbears a wide rectangular denticle.Measurements.-Apert^xrJ^-^^]l ^?^- Zooeciapr^'^^'^-^^ '^'^^to =0.10 mm. 1^2= 0.30 mm.Affinities.?The avicularia by then- saliency cover the zoarial surface with agreat number of asperities which characterize this species, but which render it NORTH American later tertiary and quaternary beyozoa. Ill very irregular. The denticle placed on the pivot of the large avicularia is ratherpeculiar to this species, but it is not constant; it corresponds perhaps to a particulararrangement of the rachis. The known recent bryozoa never have this arrangement.The nimiber and importance of the avicularia indicate calm waters.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River,25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare) . Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County, South Carolina (very rare) . Cotyfes.?C&t. Nos. 68573, 68574, U.S.N.M.GEMELLIPORELLA VORAX, new species.Plate 19, figs. 1-9.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells, oysters, and bryozoa. The zooeciaare little distinct, separated by a furrow, irregularly elliptical; the frontal is_ convex,sixrrounded by some large areolar pores which are scattered and covered over witha pleurocyst more or less granular. The apertura is deep, oval, the point belowwith rimule wide and notched; the peristoniice is semilunar with a proximal mucromore or less developed. The ovicell is convex, little salient, deeply embeddedin the distal zooecium; its orifice is very wide and can not be closed by the operculum.On each side of the apertura there is a round avicularium; very frequently the onebetween them becomes very long and fusiform.Measurements.?Apertura], ?" ? ' Zooecia , " ' ??"^ ila = 0.08 mm. Us = 0.30 mm.Variations.?This species is exceedingly variable and takes the most fantasticaspects. The zooecia are only distinct on the small zoaria or on the margins ofthe large ones; at the center of the latter they are absolutely indistinct. Theancestrula is a small zooecium; it engenders two distal and four proximal zooecia.There are often interareolar costuJes. The reduction of its zooecial dimensionsand the great development of the avicularia seems to indicate that this speciesrequired much oxygen.It is remarkable that the species has disappeared from the recent Gulf ofMexico after its existence in the same region throughout the Miocene and Pliocene.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Chipola marl) : Chipola River, Calhoun County,Florida (rare) . Miocene (Duplin marl) : WUmington and Natural Well, 2 milessouthwest of Magnolia, Duplin County, North Carolina (common) ; Muldrows Mills,5 miles south of Maysville, South Carolina (rare). Miocene (Choctawhatcheemarl) : Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, 25 mUes southwest of Tallahassee, Florida(rare). Miocene (Yorktown formation): Yorktown, 3 miles southwest of Peters-burg, and other localities in Virginia (rare) . Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Wacca-maw River, Horry County, South Carolina (common). Pliocene (Caloosahatcheemarl) : Shell Creek, De Soto County (rare) , and Monroe County, Florida (common) . Cotypes.?Cat. Nos. 68575-68580, U.S.N.M,GEMELLIPOREIXA PUNCTATCA Canu and Bassler, 1919.Plate 5, figa. 7-9.1919. GemelUporella punctata Canu and Basslek, Biology and Paleontology of the West Indies,Bryozoa. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 291, p. 92, pi. 5,figs. 7-9.Description.?The zoariima is free, cylindrical, bifurcated. The zooecia are verylittle distinct, elongate, convex ; the frontal is granular and surrounded with areolar 112 BULX.ETIN 125, UKITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. pores and is sometimes covered with punctations of pleurocystal origin. Theaperture is oval, elongate, formed of a large semilunar anter and of a wide proximalsinus. The oviccU is deeply embedded in the distal zooecium, little salient, closedby the operculum, ornamented by an orbicular and very fragile frontal area. ,, . A ^ f^a.=0.15mm. r, fis =0.60 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , . , ? Zooecia , _ . _^ 1 Za =0.12 mm. I Iz =0.40 mm.Affinities.?The punctations of the frontal are quite variable; there is not asingle zooecium similar to another. In a better preserved state we think that eachzooecium is surrounded with areolar pores irregular in size and spacing. The frontalis a thick and compact olocyst, covered by a pleurocyst which is granular orpunctured with large pores which do not perforate the zooecial walls. Unfortu-nately we have not been able to confirm this exterior aspect by sections.The possible relationship of this species to Schizopodrella mutabilis Canu andBassler, 1919, has been mentioned under the discussion of that species.Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden formation) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare).Cotypes.^Cat. No. 68581, U.S.N.M. A.Microporella B. Diporula *) D.Flustramorpha E. FenestruVna F.Calloporina G . Inversiula Fig. 17.?Genera of the Microporellae.A. MicToporclla Hincks, 1887; Jlf. dliata Pallas, 1766, X 43. B. Subgenus Dipomia Hincks, 1880;D. verrucosa Peach, 1868, X 25. C. Subgenus KZipsoporo, new; E. fiahellans Busk, 1852, X 40. D.Subgenus Flustravwrpha Gray, 1848; F. marghmta Krause, X 40. E. Fencstrulina Jullien, 1888; J^.maltm Savigny-Audouin, 1826, X 20. F. Calloponna Neviani, 1895; C. decorata Reues. 1847, X 40. G.Inversiulu Jullien, 1888; /. inversa Waters, 1889, X 50. NORTH AMERICAK LATER TERTIARY AXD QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 113Group 2. MICROPORELLAE Canu and Bassler, 1917.(See Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 417, for description and illustration).In this group the orifice of the compensatrix (frontal pore, micropore or asco-pore) is distinct and removed from the apertura. The ovicell is hyperstomial andalways closed by the operculum. Dietellae are present.Historical.?The presence of a frontal micropore was considered by Hincks asan important family character, but the study of the larvae does not permit theadoption of his conclusion. According to Jullien, the ascopore is the orifice of ahorn-shaped body, allowing the exterior to communicate with the tentacularsheath. Harmer and Levinsen believed that this was an optical illusion and thatthe ascopore was really the orifice of the compensatrix.Levinsen, 1909, did not recognize the different genera established by authorsaccording to the form of the apertura. We again follow the same principles ofgeneric distinction by considering the great variations of the function of calcifi-cation. Many species considered at first to belong to the Microporellae have sincebeen recognized as true representatives of the Adeonidae. According to the natureof the calcification and the form of the aperture, we class the following genera inthis group:FenestruUna Jullien, 1888.Microporella Hincks, 1877.Calloporina Neviani, 1895.finversiula Jullien, 1888. Genus FENESTRUUNA Jullien, 1888. 1888. FenestruUna Jullien, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-83, VI, Zoologie, Brj'ozoaires,p. 37.The frontal is garnished with stellate tremopores. The operculum closes theovicell. No avicularia. Fourteen to fifteen tentacles.Genotype.?FenestruUna {Cellepora) malvsi Savigny-Audouin, 1826.Range.?Helvetian-Recent.The known species belonging to this genus are:FenestruUna (Cellepora) malusi Audouin, 1826.FenestruUna {Microporella) proxima Waters, 1904.FenestruUna {Microporella) exigua Waters, 1904.FenestruUna {Microporella) parvipora Waters, 1904. A ?75 B "SO C "50 f!,,,.?4i iSi '" -v- ^rfu D '/" - mop ;pin mop mrp 114 Fig. 18.?Anatomy of the Microporellae. NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 115 Fig. 18.?^Anatomy of the Microporellae.A-D. Microporella ciliata Pallas, 1766. A. Profile view of free larva, X 75. B. Free larva, oral view,showing the large radiating elements of the oral mesoderm, X 50. C. Free larva, aboral view, showingradiating aspect of the calotte, 50. (A-C after Barrois, 1S77.) c, corona; cal, calotte (terminal bud);CD, digestive cavity; ce, obscure part between the two branches of the stomach; mi, aboral mesoderm;ms, oral mesoderm; 0, ciliated cleft; oc, oculitorm points; ph, pharynx; RV, border of the calotte. D.Median sagittal section of an embryo in one of the last stages of development. (After Calvet, 1900.)E-I. Feneslndina malusi Audouin, 1826. E. Median sagittal section of an embryo just before itemerges. (After Calvet, 1900.) In the course of the neuro-muscular bundles passing from the centralnerve organs to the pyriform organ some cellules are seen. The internal sack has a simple form almostregularly cylindrical, c, mantle; cal, calotte (terminal bud); co, corona; d, tampon or inner sac; ecto,ectoderm; epe, ectoderm thickening; epm, mesoderm tliickening;/c, ciliated cleft; /u're, neuro-muscularbundle; one, central nervous organ of the embryo; pfse, sub-ectoderm nerve plexus; pplv, papilla of thevibratile plume; si, internal s.ic; sqs, superior glandular system; sqi, inferior glandular system. F.Basal view of a zooecium which has lost its polj'pide. (After Harmer, 1902.) 6, polypide bud; 66,brown body; corn, cornicula; cs. compensatrix opening by the ascopore (m. p.);occZ, opercrmuscles;p.c, dietellae; z, neighboring zooecia. G. Anterior view of a zooecium containing only a young polj-pide,X 115. (after Jullien, 1888.) ca, cardiac region of the stomach; cacc, caecum of the stomach; corn,cornicula; die, dietella; est, stomach; gt, tentacular sheath; ir, irisoid; mop, occlusor muscles of the oper-culum; mrp, large retractor muscles of the polypide; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx and esophagus; pm,parietal muscles; r, intestine and rectum; t, tentacles. H. Longitudinal section of a bryozoid. (AfterCalvet, 1900.) caec, stomachic caecum; ci, incubation cavity; cry, cryptocyst, or skeleton; evtura>^ ^^ =0.15-0.17 mm. ^^?^'''^\ ^ =0.35-0.45 mm.Structure.?The aspect of the apertura is very deceiving in a photograph. Itappears to resemble that of Gemellipora, but this is an optical illusion arising fromthe projection on the same plane of the different zooecial elevations. In realitythe apertura is eUiptical, but its proximal portion is deformed by two frontal gib-hosites which appear thus separated by a false rimule. By inclining specimens thetrue form of the apertura is visible.Occurrence.?Miocene (Yorktown formation) : 3 miles southwest of Petersburg,Virginia (rare) . Holotype.?C&t. No. 68609, U.S.N.M. 132 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Genus HIPPOMENELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.(For description see Bulletin lOG, U. S. National Museum, p. 379.)mPPOMENELLA INFKATELUM Canu and Bassler, 1919. Plate 6, fig. 2. 1919. Hippomenella infratclam Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West IndiesBryozoa, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Ko. 291, p. 92, pi. 6, fig. 2. Description.?The zoarium is a narrow Eschara borne on an expanded base.The zooecia are elongate, distinct, elliptical; the frontal is convex, surrounded by aline of small areolar pores and formed of a pleurocyst very finely granulated. Theapertura is elliptical, elongate, with two very small cardelles. The avicularium issalient, elliptical with pivot, placed on the line of pores in the lower part of thezooecium. ,, .Ax (/wi =0.16-0.20 mm. ^ . fiz =0.60-0.70 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , ? ,, Zooecia ^ ? ,? ? r,^^ I Za =0.14 mm. | Zs =0.40-0.50 mm.Affinities.?The only specimen found has been figured. The species is abso-lutely characterized by its elliptical avicularium placed inferiorly, a character whichdoes not exist in the other species of the genus. We have observed a rather rarecase of regeneration of a zooecium by an avicularium (sr) . Occurrence.?Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) : Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo(very rare) . Holoti/pe.?Cat. No. 68610, U.S.N.M. Genus HIPPOPORELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920.(For description see Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 377.)HIPPOPORELLA SPINOSA. new species.Plate 19, fig. 10.Description.?The zoarium incrusts other bryozoa. The zooecia are distinct,separated by a deep furrow, somewhat elongate, elliptical; the frontal is smooth,very convex, garnished laterally with small areolar widely spaced pores. Theapertm-a is elongate, the proximal border is almost straight; the two small cardellesare placed very low; the peristome is little salient and bears six spines. There is avestibular arch. The ovicell is large, globular, salient, never closed by theoperculum.Measurements.-Apevtuvat ='^.]l ?^- Zooecial^ =^-^0 mm.I la 0.10-0.12 mm. [ Iz =0.35 mm.Variations.?The zooecia are rather variable in aspect and measurements;however, the number of spines, the vestibular arch, and the place of the cardellesare very constant characters which permit no confusion with the species which wehave described from the American Eocene.Occurreftce.?Miocene (Yorktown) : Yorktown, Virginia (rare).Ilolotype.?Cut. No. 68611, U.S.N.M. Aa =0.15 mm. ? Z2 =0.45-0.oO mm.7 /^ , - ZiOOeCla , ? or r> irvla =0.1o mm. I Iz =0.35-0.40 mm. KORTH AMEKICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 133 HIPPOPORELLA(7) PAPULIFERA, new species.Plate 19, fig. 14.Description.?The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, elongated, elliptical; the frontal is very convex, perforated by adouble row of areolar pores, ornamented with little salient costules and covered bya more or less granular pleurocyst. The apertura is oblique, deep, located at thebase of a peristomie, the peristome of which is spinous, very thin and little salient;the two cardelles are quite low. A hollow mucro in the form of a pimple hides theproximal part of the apertura.Measurements.?Apertura Affinities.?We have not discovered the oviccll of this species. The frontalgranulations are rare or numerous according to the place of the zooecia. On accountof the obliquity of the aperture the two cardelles are visible only when the specimenis inclined to an angle of 45?.This species differs from Lepralia montifera Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, in itsnontransverse aperture and from Hippoporella costulata in the absence of smalladventitious avicularia.Occurrence.?Miocene (Choctowhatchee marl) : Jackson Bluff, OcklockneeRiver, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (very rare).Holotype.?Gai. No. 68612, U.S.N.M. HIPPOPORELLA COSTULATA, new species.Plate 45, fig. 14. Description.?^The zoarium incrusts shells. The zooecia are distinct, separatedby a deep furrow, hexagonal, widened ; the frontal is convex and formed of an olocystsurmounted by a pleurocyst garnished laterally with areolar pores and with costulesconverging toward the oral mucro. The apertura bears two very small cardellesplaced in the lower third; the proximal border is somewhat concave and denticulated.The ovicell is globular, smooth, little salient, much embedded in the dista) zoeciimi;it is never closed by the operculum. On the line of pores there are small irregularlyplaced avicularia. ,, . , . f7ia = 0.12mm. ? . fZ2 = 0.45-0.50 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , . ,? Zooecia , nor n ic' I Za = 0.12 mm. 1 Z2 = 0.35-0.45 mm.Variations.?The line of areolar pores is often doubled by another more interiorone. The passage of the eggs, as in all the species of this genus, is assured by theembedding of the ovicell in the distal zooecium and in the presence of the oral mucroformed by the coalescence of the interareolar costiiles. In the vicinity of theancestrula the zooecia have some large frontal pores. The species has neitherperistome nor spines.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Mount Hope, Panama Canal Zone (very rare).Holotype.?Cut. No. 68613, U.S.N.M.Genus LEPRALIA Johnston, 1847.The name Lepralia is retained for those species of the Hippoporae which showno ovicell and which cannot therefore be more definitely placed. 134 BULLETIX 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. LEPKALIA MONTIFERA L'lrich and Bassler, 1904.Plate 18, fig. 11. 1904. Lepralia monti/era Ulrich and Bassler. Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 424, pi.IIG, fig. 5.The original description is as follows:Zoarium parasitic, in one or more layers. Zooecia not regularly arranged, subovate, averaging0.5 mm. or a trifle more in length and about 0.35 mm. in width. Orifice oblique, depressed in front,transversely subovate, Vtroadly sinuate below; peristoue scarcely thickened. Central portion of surfacevery high, the slopes traversed by rows of large punctures in radially disposed furrows. Ovicells notobserved; nor avicularia, unless certain elongate-acuminate, curved depressions, with a pore at thebroader lower cxtermity, that sometimes may be observed close to the rim of the orifice, are of thatnature. This rather highly ornamented form reminds in certain respects of Cribrilina, but on the wholeit agrees better with Lepralia. The strikingly monticular elevation and strongly puncto-radiate markingof the surface of the zooecia will, we believe, serve very well in distinguishing the species.We are unable to classify this species generically on account of the absence ofovicell on the type and only specimen.The interareolar costules are larger than in Hippoporella costulata, but thepresent species differs in the absence of a hollow infraoral mucro and of the smalladventitious avicularia.Occurrence.?Miocene (St Mary's formation): St. Marys River, Maryland(very rare).Holotype.?C&t. No. 68614, U.S.N.M.LEPRALIA CRIBROSA? Maplestone, 1900. Plate 36, fig. 1.1900. Lepralia cribrosa Maplestone, Further descriptions of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, pt. 6,Proceedings Royal Society, Victoria, vol 13, pt. 2, p. 210, pi. 35, fig. 16.We are not certain of our determination, although the specimen studied is asuperb one. If the magnification indicated by Maplestone he exact our specieswould be somewhat smaller. The absence of an ovicell does not allow the speciesto be classified generically. Two very small cardeUes separate a large anterfrom asmaller poster.Occurrence.?Pleistocene: Santa Monica, (Long wharf Canyon), California(very rare).Geological distribution.?Miocene of Australia (Maplestone).Plesiotype.?C&t. No. 68615, U.S.N.M.Group 4. PERISTOMEILAE Canu and Bassler, 1917.Genus TRYPEMATELLA Canu and Bassler, 1920.1920. Tn/pona^ci^a Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa, Bul-letin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 417.The ovicell is hyperstomial and closed by the operculum for the passage of theeggs. The apertura is semilunar with proximal border a little concave. Thefrontal bears some lateral areolar pores (pleurocyst on olocyst). Two large lateralavicularia are placed below the apertura.Genotype.? Trypematella papulifera, new species. Pleistocene. NORTH AMERICAN L.\TER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 135TRYPEMATELLA PAPULIFERA, new species.Plate 35, figs.. 12-14.Description.?^The zoarium is free and cylindrical; it incrusts fine algae. Thezooecia are little distinct, short, wide; the frontal is little convex and perforatedlaterally by large areolar pores. The apertura is semielliptical; the peristome issalient and very thin with four distal spines; the ovicell is very large, placed on thedistal zooecium, globular, salient, closed by the operculum for the passage of theeggs; it is costulate and granulated and bears a smooth prominence at its summit.On each side of the apertura there is a small round avicularium without pivot.Laterally, on the line of the areolar pores, on each side of the zoecium, there is alarge triangular avicularium, with pivot, transverse or turned toward the top. ^ , , (?ia = 0.09mm. ? . fi2 = 0.40-0.45 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , . ,? z/ooecia , ^nn n at^ lZa = 0.12mm. 1 (2 = 0.30-0.45 mm.(With the avicularia.)Variations.?This fine species is very irregular in aspect on account of theirregularities of calcification. This is very active and gives a great thickness tothe zooecial walls. The size and number of the avicularia, the organs of oxygenation,seem to indicate that the species lived in very calm waters.Occwrrence.-'?Pleistocene : Santa Monica (Rustic Canyon), California (rare).Cotypes.?Cat. No. 68616, U.S.N.M.Group 5. DIVERS GENERA.Genus CYCLOCOLPOSA Canu and Bassler, 1920. 1920. Cyclocolposa Canu and Bassler, Monograph North American Early Tertiary Bryozoa,Bulletin 106, U. S. National Museum, p. 431.The apertura is suborbicular or elliptical without cardelles. The frontal isan olocyst, perforated by a double row of areolar pores, and covered by a granular,detachable pleurocyst. The ovicell is hyperstomial, never closed by the operculum,embedded in the distal zooecium.Genotype.? Cyclocolposa perforata, new species.Range.?Miocene-Pliocene.In spite of appearances this genus is very difi'erent from Cyclicopora Hincks,1884. The frontal pores are really areolar pores and not tremopores, for they areseparated by short costules; the granulations reveal also the detachable pleurocj'st,moreover, and are often visible on the altered zooecia. In Cyclicopora the opercu-lum always closes the ovicell to assure the passage of the eggs; here this functionis assured by the embedding of the ovicell in the distal zooecium, and in the greatthickness of the frontal; the orifice is thus arranged in the locclla in front of thetentacular sheath. CYCLOCOLPOSA PERFORATA, new species. Plate 30, figs. 6-14.Description.?The zoarium incrusts oysters over large surfaces. The zooeciaare distinct, separated by a furrow, elliptical or hexagonal, short, wide; the frontalis convex, surrounded by a double row of areolar pores, and formed of an oloc3^stsupporting a granular and detachable pleurocyst. The apertura is oblique, subor- 130 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. bicular, deeply embedded. The ovicell is globular, smooth, little salient, deeplyembedded in the distal zooecium. The walls are very thick and perforated by alarge number of dietellae. The ancestrula is small and reduced to only the aper-tura; it emits five zooecia. , , , \ha = 0.17 mm. ? . f ?2 = 0.50-0.55 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , . , ? Zooecia ,^ lfa = 0.17rmn. [ fe = 0.50mm.Variations.?The pleurocyst is detachable by alteration during fossilization(fig. 10). The ancestrula, normal in figure 8, is often covered by the pleurocyst ofthe adjacent zooecia (fig. 9). Sometimes there are nonoriented zooecia. Thecalcilied zooecia are provided with tremopores. The structure of the olocyst is thatof Cyclicopora. The very thick walls with numerous dietellae characterize thisspecies (fig. 14) ; their number is quite variable from 12 to 20.Mucronella laqueata Norman, 1864, presents the same dietellae; it difl^ers fromit in its perforated frontal and in the absence of lyrule.Occurrence.?Pliocene (Waccamaw marl) : Waccamaw River, Horry County,South Carolina (very common).Cotypes.?C&t. No. 68617, U.S.N.M.CYCLOCOLPOSA TENUIPARIETIS, new species. Plate 21, figs. 1-4.Description.?The zoarium incrusts pelecypod shalls. The zooecia are distinct,elongated, elliptical, separated by a deep furrow; the frontal is convex, surroundedby a double row of large, scattered, areolar pores, separated by pleurocystal gran-ules. The apertura is elongate, oblique, elliptical, without cardelles. The ovicellis small, hardly salient, much embedded in the distal zooecium, with frontal smoothand fragile. Rarely a round oral avicularium is present. T,r , \ I (7ia = 0.16 nun. ? . fL2 = 0.54-0.58 mm.Measurements.?Apertura , ? , ^ Zooecia ,^ [ia=0.14mm. [ ^2 = 0.46-0.50 mm.Affinities.?The presence of the ovicell absolutely disfigures this species; isolatedportions of the zoarium containing only ovicelled zooecia can not be determinedwith certainty. The fragihty of the superior wall is extreme; it does not resistfossilization; it results in a fantastic aspect difficult to comprehend. Exteriorlythe pleurocyst is much reduced, and the abundance of areolar pores seems to indicatea tremocyst; the study of the interior does not permit this supposition.This species differs from Cyclocolposa perforata in its elongate zooecia and in itsvery thin zooecial walls.Occurrence.?MiocenQ (Duplin marl) : Harvey Mills, Leon County, Florida (rare) . Cotypes.~C&t. No. 68618, U.S.N.M.CYCLOCOLPOSAC?) SPINITERA, new species.Plate 20, figs. 12, 13.Z)escnp