v^.'i?jrs PLATE 39. Em'fw grades (a, b, f, g, EHafBH 1975, USNM 60167; c-e, lectotype, Belgica 387, USNM 78874): a, large colony, x 1.2; b, branch tip illustrating dactylopore spines, gastropore, and coenostcal texture, x 39, stereo pair; c-e, branch segments illustrating dactylopore spines, lipped gastropore, and ampullae, x 47, x 19, x 65, respectively; f, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 140; g, gastrostyle, x 175, stereo pair. 141 PLATE 40. Errina sinuosa (a, d-g, K842, USNM 85132; b, holotype, K842): a, c, d, branch segments illustrating aligned dactylopore spines and lipped gastropores, x 28, x 77, x 90, respectively (a is a stereo pair); b, holotype colony, x 1.8; e, g, radial-imbricate coenosteal texture, x 190, x 310, respectively; f, gastrostyle, x 430, stereo pair. 142 i ?:-*>-??- rriafti. *? PLATE 41. Ern'na sinuosa (a, b, K842, USNM 85131): a, b, longitudinal section and apical view of male (?) ampullae, x 66, x 63.5 (b is a stereo pair). Errina cheilopora (c, S30, NZOI; d, e, Eltanin 1975, USNM 60076; f, E803, USNM 85134; g, D176, USNM 85133): c, large colony, x 0.83; d, branch tip bearing dactylopore spines, x 60; e, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 800; f, g, broad gastropore lip bearing dactylopore spines, x 67, x 90, respectively (g is a stereo pair). 143 . < ^ :# PLATE 42. Errina chrilopora (a, Dl 76, USNM 85133; b, E803, USNM 85134): a, gastrostyle, x 215, stereo pair; b, dactylopore spine, x 185. Errina bicolor (c, holotype, D172; d-f, D172, NZOI; g, B175, USNM 60250): c, holotype colony, x 2.0; d, branch tip, x 21; e, branch segment illustrating dactylopore spines and lipped gastropore, x 39; f, gastropore lip, x 94, stereo pair; g, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 265. 144 PLATE 43. Errina bicolor (a-c, D172, USNM 60249; d, B175, USNM 60250): a,b, gastrostyle, x 525, x 185, respectively (b is a stereo pair); c, dactylopore spine, x 175; d, branch segment illustrating dactylopore spines and female ampullae, x 33, stereo pair. Errina retkulata (e, f, D18): e, holotype colony, x 0.95, NZOI; f, branch segment illustrating dactylopore spines, USNM 60247, x 40.5, stereo pair. 145 PLATE 44. Errina reticulata (a-f, D18, USNM 60247): a, branch segment illustrating coenosteal texture, gastropores, and dactylopore spines, x 29.5; b, coenosteal papillae, x 135; c, dactylopore spines, x 115; d, gastropore lip, x 110; e, f, gastrostyle, x 135, x 510, respectively. Errina dendyi (g, E865, NZOI; h, Cut Passage, USNM 76301; syntype of E. rubra, ZMC): g, orange colony, x 0.88; h, pale yellow colony, x 0.71; i, red colony, x 5.0. 146 PLATE 45. Errina dendyi (a, b, e. Wet Jacket Arm, USNM 76302; c, d, f, Milford Sound, holotype, USNM 85784): a, gastrostyle, x 205; b, branch segment illustrating dactylopore spines and a female ampulla, x 32; c, branch tip, x 40.5; d, coenosteal texture, x 240; e, f, branch segment illustrating a lipped gastropore, dactylopore spines, and coenosteal texture, x 66, x 83, respectively. 147 PLATE 46. Stylaster eguchii (a, Q749, USNM 86942; b, D39, NZOI; c, f, Eltanin 1411, USNM 60096; d, E822, USNM 86940; e, g, D18, NZOI): a, shallow-water bushy form, x 0.8; b, southern flabellate form, x 1.0; c, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 190; d, branch segment illustrating two cyclosystcms and several small conical male efferent pores, x 25, stereo pair; e, gastrostyle, x 125; f, cyclosystem, x 42, stereo pair; g, dactylostyle, x 175. 148 j* V *?"*.?:-:.. !vi* PLATE 47. Stylaster eguchii (a, B488, NZOI; b, D76, USNM 85143): a, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating female efferent pore in upper chamber, x 47; b, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating gastrostyle, dactylostyles, and internal male ampullae, x 30, stereo pair. Stylaster brunneus (c, 187, NZOI; d, Norfolk Island, WAM 551-87; e, f, PI9, USNM 86945; g, 185, USNM 86943): c, large colony with sympodially arranged cyclosystems, x 0.38; d, colony with uniformly arranged cyclosystcms, x 1.0; e, f, cyclosystems, x 64, x 80, respectively; g, rudimentary dactylostyles of deep-water specimen, x 260. 149 PLATE 48. Stylaster brunneus (a, c, 185, USNM 86943; b, d, e, g, P19, USNM 86945; f, 187, NZOI): a, c, linear- imbricate coenosteal texture, x 205, x 825, respectively; b, transition between linear-imbricate and reticulate- granular coenosteal texture, x 315; d, e, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating gastrostyle and ring palisade, x 53.5, x 173, respectively (d is a stereo pair); f, cyclosystem and female ampulla with efferent pore, x 52.5, stereo pair; g, male efferent pores, x 52.5. 150 PLATE 49. Stylaster horotogium (a-c, f, holotype, E 856; d, e, g, E845, NZOI): a, holotype colony, x 1.3; b, apical view of one cyclosystem with dactylostyles visible and lateral view of adjacent gasrrostyle, x 33, stereo pair; c, cyclosystem, x 59; d, e, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 180, x 360, respectively (d is a stereo pair): f, g, gastrostyles, x 130, x 210, respectively. 151 PLATE 50. Stylaster howlogium (a, E856, USNM 87523; b, E845, NZOI; c, E846, USNM 87522): a, dactylostyle, x 840; b, male efferent pores, x 66; c, female ampulla with efferent pore, x 60. Stylaster imbricatus (d, S571, USNM 87526; e, f, E861, holotype; g, G941, USNM 87525): d, cyclosystem, x 41.5, stereo pair; e, holotype colony, x 1.55; f, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating gastrostyle, ring palisade, and a fractured female ampullae, x 37, stereo pair; g, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating gastrostyle, ring palisade, and dactylostyle, x 44. 152 PLATE 51. Stylaster imbricatus (a, G941, USNM 87525; b, c, S571, USNM 87526; d-f, E861r holotype; g, h, S572, USNM 87527): a, cyclosystem, x 45; b, imbricate coenosteal texture, x 240; c, transition between imbricate and granular coenosteal textures, x 120; d, e, gastrosryle and annular ring palisade, both x 125 (e is a stereo pair); f, dactylosryle, x 465; g, cross section of internal male ampullae that occur in worm tube coenosteum (surface to left), x 77.5; h, female ampulla and efferent pore, x 39. 153 PLATE 52. Stylaster gracilis (a-g, Challenger 170, BM(NH) 1880.11.25.190, male): a, b, d, cyclosystems, x 65, x 22.5, x 53, respectively (b is a stereo pair); c, gastrostyle and ring palisade, x 143; e, f, imbricate coenosteal texture, x 340, x 960, respectively; g, two dactylostyles, x 510. 154 PLATE 53. Calyptopora reticulata (a, d, Eitanin 1851, USNM 60008; b, Eltanin 1991, USNM 60010; c, G3, NZOI; e, g, F132, USNM 76878; f, Eltanin 2143, USNM 60009): a, large colony, x 0.35; b, unifacial cyclosystems having progressively more developed lids, x 16; c, founder cyclosystem, x 23.5; d, cyclosystem with fused opposing lids, x 45.5; e, two cyclosystems and male ampullae, x 28, stereo pair; f, lateral view of a cyclosystem with well-developed opposing lids, x 33.5; g, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 220. 155 PLATE 54. Calyptopora reticulata (a, d, f, F132, USNM 76878; b, c, e, Eltanin 1991, USNM 60010; g, h, E861, NZOI): a, dactylostyle, x 800; b, c, coenosteal papillae, x 88, x 240, respectively; d, gastrostylc and ring palisade, x 122, stereo pair; e, longitudinal section of a gastropore rube illustrating gastrostylc, ring palisade, and commodious upper gastropore chamber, x 53; f, male ampulla, x 58; g, cyclosystem and female ampullae, x 41; h, female ampullae, one with an efferent pore, x 30.5. 156 PLATE 55. Calyptopora sinuosa (a, f, g, K840, holotype; b-e, P947, USNM 87537): a, holotypc colony, x 1.2; b, cyclosystem with fused opposing lids, x 42; c, e, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating gastrostyle and ring palisade, both x 51 (e is a stereo pair); d, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture, x 145; f, gastrostyle, ring palisade, and cross section of an internal male ampulla, x 78; g, gastrostyle and ring palisade, x 250, stereo pair. 157 PLATE 56. Stenohelia conferta (a, holotype, F132; b-h, para typo, F132): a, holotype colony, x 2.0; b, d, branch segment illustrating unifacial cyclosystems, x 13.8, x 37, respectively; c, cyclosystem, x 67; e, four dactylostyles surrounding a gastropore tube, x 180; f, g, coenosteal texture, x 240, x 810, respectively; h, dactylostyle, x 720. 158 PLATE 57. Stenohelia conferta (a-c, F132, para type): a-c, gastrostyle, x 50, x 163, x 340, respectively (b is a stereo pair). Stenohelia sp. cf. S. profunda (d. Challenger 170, BM(NH) 1880.11.25.183, paralectotype of S. profunda): d, colony, x 2.7. Conopora verrucosa (e, holotype of Stylaster verrucosus, ZMB 1764; f, Edisto 14-2, USNM 52617; g, D39, USNM 87539): e, holotype colony, x 3.0; f, cyclosystems, x 17; g, cyclosystem with numerous nemato-porcs, x 64, stereo pair. 159 PLATE 58. Conopora verrucosa (a, D39, USNM 87539; b, Vema 17-61, USNM 60052; c, D150, NZOI; d, Eltanin 1089, USNM 52619): a, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating double chambers and a male efferent pore in upper dactylotome, x 37, stereo pair; b, linear-imbricate cocnosteal texture and a nematopore, x 240; c, branch cross section revealing four female ampullae (corners) and base of a gastropore chamber (centre), x 23, stereo pair; d, coenosteum with numerous nematopores, x 19. Conopora taevis (e, holotype of Stylaster obliquus, ZMB 1778; f, K860, NZOI; g, holotype of Stylaster laevis ZMB 1776): e-g, colonies, x 1.0, x 1.5, x 2.0, respectively. 160 PLATE 59. Conopora laevis (a, b, d, f, g, A910, USNM 60254; c, e, holotype of C. tenuis, Challenger 170, BM(NH) 1880. 11.25.184): a, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture, x 250; b, branch segment having two cyclosystems and several male ampullae with efferent pores, x 17.5, stereo pair; c, e, cyclosystem with concave pseudosepta, x 50, x 96, respectively; d, rotated longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating double chambers and fractured male ampulla, x 48, stereo pair; f, cyclosystem and male ampulla with efferent pore, x 37; g, female ampullae {broad concavities) within worm tube coenosteum, ncmatopores interspaced, x 53. 161 mm *'f?- PLATE 60. Conopora candelabrum (a, c, d, holotype, E859; b, e, S572, NZOI; f, E859, para type, NZOI): a, holotype colony, x 0.85; b, colony of variety, x 1.7; c, cyclosystcm with bulging female ampulla, x 60, stereo pair; d, pseudosepta, x 225; e, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating double chambers, x 65, stereo pair; f, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube illustrating female efferent pore in upper chamber, x 53. 162 PLATE 61. Conopora candelabrum (a, e, S572, USNM 87553, variety; b, E859, holotype, NZOI; c, d, S572, USNM 87552, typical): a, b, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture, x 305, x 690, respectively; c, male efferent pore on a pseudoseptum, x 215; d, longitudinal section of a gastropore tube and male ampulla illustrating an efferent pore on pseudoseptum (see preceeding figure), x 53; e, cyclosystem of variety, x 110, stereo pair. Conopora tetrastichopora