PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 96 Washington: 1946 No. 3203REVIEW OF SOME CHALCIDOID GENERA RELATED TOCEROCEPHALA WESTWOOD By A. B. Gahan This review of some genera related to Cerocephala Westwoodwas occasioned by difficulty experienced in placing satisfactorilyspecimens received for identification. It is hoped that the fol-lowing treatment will eliminate some of the existing confusionregarding these genera and make identification somewhat morecertain.Cerocephala and its allies have been associated by most authorswith the genus Spalanf/ia Latreille to form a subfamily Spalangi-inae or a tribe Spalangiini in the family Pteromalidae. In myopinion Cerocephala and its allies are not closely related toSpalanf/ia and should form a separate group for which I proposethe name Cerocephalinae. Although resembling each other inmany respects, the two groups have quite different host relationsand can be separated by several good characters. The Spalangi-inae are all parasitic in dipterous puparia, while the Cerocepha-linae so far as known are all associated with Coleoptera.The Spalangiiiiae and Cerocei)halinae may be separated by thefollowing dichotomy:Hind tibia with one calcariuni. Antennao inserted at the extreme anteriornianfi'i of head, never scpaiated at base by a frontal carina; funicle always7-seK-mentefl. Forewing without a callu.s or tuft of bristles at the proximalend of the marginal vein and without transverse fuscous band.s; scutcllumusually with a punctate cross furrow before apex Spalangiinac WestwoodHind tibia with two calcaria. .Antennae in.serted well above extreme ante-rior margin of hoad although frequently distinctly below ventral extremitiesof eyes, always separated at base by a frontal carina or prominence;funicle 5- or 6-8egmented, oi- rarely 7-segm?Mited in somo males. Forewing349 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol 96 always with a, callus at proximal end of marginal vein, this callus fre-quently but not always bearing a tuft of erect bristles; usually with atransverse fuscous band behind stigmal vein and another at juncture ofsubmarginal and marginal veins but occasionally without bands; scutellumwithout a cross furrow before apex Cerocephalinae, new subfamilyBecause of their bicalcarate hind tibiae the cerocephalines wouldrun to the family Miscogasteridae in Ashmead's key to familiesof Chalcidoidea (Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 228, 1904) , and inthat group, as constituted by Ashmead, they closely resemblesome apterous forms in the subfamily Lelapinae, from which theydiffer principally by the absence of a neck on the propodeum andby differences in the shape of the head. I do not consider theMiscogasteridae to be separable as a family from the Pteromali-dae. Instead, I think it should be combined with the Pteromali-dae to form a large family made up of numerous smaller groupsincluding the Cerocephalinae, Spalangiinae, and Lelapinae amongnumerous others. Family PTEROMALIDAECerocephalinae, new subfamilyEight genera are here included in the Cerocephalinae. viz:Choetospila Westwood, Theocolax Westwood, Cerocephala West-wood, Theocolaxia Girault, Parcdaesthia Cameron, Acerocephalanew genus, Neosciatheras Masi, and Sciatherellus Masi. Norepresentatives of Paralaesthia, Neosciatheras, and Sciatherellvshave been available for study, and they are placed in the generickey solely on the basis of the descriptions. No doubt some generahave been omitted that eventually may prove to belong here.Four genera that have previously been associated by someauthors with Cerocephala and Spalangia have been excluded fromCerocephalinae. These genera are discussed at the end of thepaper.Description.?Head varying in shape from subcircular to dis-tinctly oblong; below antennae usually concave, the margins ofconcavity frequently armed with one or more sharp protuberancesor teeth on each side; if not concave then face with striae con-verging toward clypeus ; antennae inserted at or beloM' middle ofhead but always distinctly above clypeus and always separatedat base by a raised carina or narrow plate which is frequentlybut not always produced anteriorly to form a sharp tooth or spinebetween the antennae; malar groove absent; occiput carinatelymargined above ; head attached to neck of pronotum very close tovertex. Pronotum large, subconical, sloping from posteriormargin to neck without any abrupt angulations either dorsally orlaterally ; parapsidal grooves distinct and complete ; axillae either CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN vSljust touching at the median line or narrowly separated; scutellumnearly flat, without a cross furrow; propodeum not declivous, itsdorsum lying in a plane only a little lower than that of scutellum,without carinae or lateral folds and not produced into a neckposteriorly; prepectus moderately large, triangular; mesopleuronwith a weak femoral impression. Wings either present or absent;when winged, marginal vein of forewing as long as submarginalor longer, with a distinct callus or thickening at its juncture withsubmarginal, this callus often but not always bearing a tuft oferect bristles ; stigmal vein never more than one-fourth as long asmarginal, usually much shorter; postmarginal vein never longerthan stigmal, usually weak, and sometimes absent; discal ciliaabsent or vestigial but marginal cilia moderately long and dense;hind wing unusually large with the marginellan vein usuallylonger than submarginella. Forewing usually with one or twofuscous areas or cross bands. Hind tibia with two slender,unequal, and often very short spurs. Abdomen petiolate; oviposi-tor usually shortly exserted, rarely half as long as abdomen;gaster of female subcylindrical, sometimes flattened above or alittle compressed from the sides; of male compressed dorsoven-trally and subtruncate at apex. Tegument of head and thoraxusually smooth and polished, occasionally sculptured.KEY TO THE KNOWN GENERA OF CEROCEPHALINAEj. Funicle 5-segTnented in the female, 6-segmented in the male; club solidin both sexes. Forewing with a tuft of erect bristles at junction ofsubmarginal and marginal veins (apterous and subapterous individualsof both sexes common) 1. Choetospila WestwoodFunicle 6-segmented in female, 6- or 7-segmented in male; club of femaleeither solid or indistinctly 3-segmented; club of male may be solid,distinctly 2-8egmented or indistinctly 3-segmented. Foi-ewing with orwithout a tuft of erect bristles at junction of submarginal and marginalveins (apterous forms occur) 22. Head, pronotum, mesoscutum, and .scutellum sculptured; axillae obliquelysulcate; forewing without a tuft of bristles at junction of marginaland submarginal veins 7Head dorsally, and mesoscutum entirely smooth and polished; pronotumusually smooth but sometimes sculptured; axillae and scutellum usuallypolished but sometimes more or less striated; forewing with or withouta tuft of bristles 33. Mandibles unusually long and conspicuous 6Mandibles normal 44. Antennae inserted very distinctly below a line connecting lower extremi-ties of eyes; head viewed anteriorly as long as broad or longer withsides parallel; subapterous or fully winged; fully developed wing witha tuft of bristles at juncture of submarginal and marginal veins, post-marginal vein absent or represented by merely a short stub.2. Th^ of C.elegans beyond the fact that it is usually associated with pests ofstored ^ain. Its most common host apparently is the rice weevil.Sitophihi.'^ orifza (Linnaeus). 5?. grdnaria (Linnaeus). 5>. linearisHerbst, Sitodrepa panicea (Linnaeus), Caulophilus latinasus Say,Callofioh'nichus quadrinmcidatns (Fabricius), and C. chinensis(Linnaeus) have been recorded as attacked by it. Very likelyother grain-infesting beetles may serve as hosts, but no authenticrecords of such hosts have been published. A paper by Corbettand Miller (Federated Malay States Dept. Agr. Sci.. ser. 1P>, p. 4.H).3.''>) recording this species as a parasite of Sitotroga cerealellaOlivier is not available for judgment as to the authenticity of therecord. Squire (T)iel Rep. Dept. Agri. British Guiana for 1924,pp. 121 124, 1925) records C\ rhftnns as parasitizing an uniden-tiled scolytid infesting British Honduras mahogany tn^es (Sirri-frnia /??/???7i,s-) in Guiana, and in the U. S. National Museumcollection are 14 specimens of C. rlninyix labeled as having beenreared by J. Zetek in 1924 in the l^anama Ganal Zone from ascolytid-infested piece of "Amargo" wood iVntnirra sp.).The species is sufficiently characterized by the descriptionsand figures given in the above-cited papers by Westwood andWaterston. 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL 96CHOETOSPILA PRATER (Girault), new combinationSpalangiomorpha frater GiRAULT, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 2, p. 334, 1913.No representative of this Australian species is available forstudy. According to the description it differs from elegans prin-cipally by having the first funicular joint wider than long.CHOETOSPILA TABIDA, new speciesPlate 47, Figures 2, 2aThis species is very similar to elegans but differs by havingdistinctly shorter antennae, by being entirely wingless in bothsexes (so far as shown by the specimens at hand) , by the propo-deum being smooth and polished, by the ovipositor of the femalenot extending beyond the apex of the abdomen, and by the an-tennal club being unsegmented in both sexes.Female.?Length 1,6 mm. Mostly smooth and polished, thehead anteriorly, below level of insertion of antennae, weaklywrinkled, and the mesopleura reticulated.Head viewed from in front a little longer than broad, nearlysquarely truncate at vertex and at mouth, and with the sidespractically parallel; compound eyes very small, subobsolete;ocelli represented merely by minute punctures ; antennae insertedlow down at approximately the lower fifth of head, separated atbase by a sharp carina ; scrobes short and shallow, poorly defined ; face slightly depressed medially, with a small toothlike projectionat the anterior margin on each side of clypeus ; mandibles ratherbroad and stout. Head viewed laterally forming a rather broadellipse, approximately twice as long as broad.Antenna 8-segmented, strongly clavate, short, its total lengthonly slightly greater than the frontal length of head ; scape short,slightly thickened, about three times as long as broad; pedicelabout half as long as scape and half as long as funicle; funicle5-segmented, the segments all transverse and gradually increasingin width toward club; club ovoid, large, very nearly as long asentire funicle, approximately twice as long as broad and appar-ently not segmented.Thorax a little narrower than head, approximately twice as longas broad; prothorax subconical, rounded at the sides, more thantwice as long as mesoscutum; parapsidal grooves complete, veryoblique; scutellum as long as mesoscutum, nearly circular; meso-pleuron weakly reticulated; metapleuron polished; propodeumslightly longer than scutellum, weakly convex dorsally, withoutgrooves or carinae, smooth and polished except for some veryfaint reticulation basad of the spiracles. Wings entirely absent.Legs rather stout, the middle pair obviously somewhat shorter CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN ^>S and weaker than the other two pairs; anterior femur obviously .swollen and its tibia a little thickened, each with a few moderatelylongr hairs on its ventral margin and a few shorter ones on its(^uter face; posterior femur slijjrhtly swollen, with a few shorthairs; posterior tibia slender at base but gradually increasing inthickness toward apex, sparsely hairy and with two rather long-and slender but unequal calcaria ; tarsi not thickened ; posteriorbasitarsus equal to half the length of tibia.Abdomen nearly as long as head and thorax combined, a littlebroader than thorax ; petiole as long as broad, smooth ; gasterelliptical in outline, twice as long as broad, smooth and polisheddorsally and ventrally, nearly devoid of hairs dorsally but withnumerous rather long slender bristles at apex beneath ; first seg-ment of gaster emarginate medially: ovipositor not protrudingIjeyond apex of abdomen.Head, thorax, legs, and abdominal petiole brownish yellow;anterior and posterior coxae whitish except dorsally; antennaeconcolorous with head except that club is usually, thouph notalways, blackish; gaster wholly black or blackish.Male.?Length 0.9 mm. Antennae uniformly testaceous, 9- .segmented ; funicle 6-segmented. the first four segments very shortand difficult to distinguish, the last two larger; club solid, conical,a little longer than two preceding segments combined; abdomenabout as long as thorax. Otherwise like the female and difficult10 distinguish from it.Type locality.?University Park, Md.Type.?U. S. N. M. No. 57279.fiemarks.?Described from five females (one holotype) and onemale collected by W. H. Anderson as pupae from the burrows ofan unidentified cossonine beetle infesting a dead branch of anunidentified tree and reared to adults. 2. Genus THEOCOLAX Wcstwood '! hfocalax Westwood, Philos. Map., ser. .3, vol. 1. p. ll!7. IhV'.Lnrythia Halihay, Ent. .Map., vol. 1, p. 3:55, 18.3.3.Theocolax is very similar to Crrocephala, and it has been treatedas a synonym by Walker (Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 148, 1833). Itmay be distinguishod from Cmirrphahi, howt'vor. l\v h;;ving theantennae inserted distinctly below a line connecting the lowerextremities of the eye.s, the head viewed anteriorly as long asbroad or a little lon^rer, parallel-sided, and never with more thanthree small toothlike projections, one between the antennae andone on each side of the facial depression just above the base ofeach mandible. In some species the processes above the bases 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL 96 of the mandibles are absent. Both subapterous and fully wingedindividuals occur. In the fully winged individuals there is adistinct tuft of erect hairs at the juncture of the marginal andsubmarginal veins of the forewing, exactly as in Cerocephala.The postmarginal vein is absent or represented by merely a shortstub.Type of the genus.?Theocolax foiiniciformis Westwood.THEOCOLAX FORMICIFORMIS WestwoodPlate 47, Figs. 3, 3a; Plate 48, Figs. 1, la, lbTheocolax formiciformis Westwood, Philos. Mag., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 127, 1832;Thesaurus entomologicus Oxoniensis, p. 138, pi. 25, fig. 11, 1874.Laesthia vespertina Haliday, Ent. Mag., vol. 1, p. 336, 1833.Cerocephala formiciformis (Westwood) Walker, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 149,1834.I examined Westwood's type of this species in the HopeMuseum at Oxford, England, in 1927 and compared with it aspecimen from Blankenburg, Thuringia, previously identified bySchmiedeknecht. This specimen, now in the U. S. National Mu-seum, appeared to me to be homotypic. The National Museumcollection also contains one specimen identified by Ruschka andsaid to have been reared from Anobium striatum Olivier at Stock-holm, Sweden. This specimen is considerably paler in color thanthe homotype but does not seem to differ otherwise. In additionto these two specimens the collection possesses a series of 14specimens from Auckland, New Zealand, said to have been rearedfrom Anobium-mfested timber by E. Bollard and D. Spiller.Apparently this series does not differ materially from the homo-type except that one female in the lot has fully developed wings.Except for the perfectly developed wings, this winged specimenis exactly like the subapterous females.Although the species has usually been described as wingless, asa matter of fact, in none of the individuals I have seen are thewings completely absent, usually being represented by small stubsapproximately twice the length of the tegula. In the fully wingedindividual the postmarginal vein is represented by merely a veryshort stub ; the marginal vein is a little longer than the submar-ginal; the stigmal vein is approximately one-sixth as long asmarginal, slightly curved and not thickened at apex; the disk ofwing is nearly bare ; the marginal cilia are moderately long, andthere is an erect tuft of black bristles at the junction of marginaland submarginal veins. There is a broad fuscous cloud embracingthe apical half of the marginal and all of the stigmal vein andextending across the wing. The hind wing is about two-thirds as CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN 357 wide as the forewing and rounded at its apex. The propodeum isweakly reticulated and slightly shining.Theocolax formiciformis appears to be a common parasite ofAnohium. having been recorded from several species of thatgenus. It is also said by several authors to attack (Hylesinus)Leperisinus fraxini (Panzer), but since it is known to have beenconfused in some instances with Cerocephala corniyera Westwood.a common parasite of this host, it seems very likely that all ofthe records of Theocolax formiciformifi from Leperisiuus fraxiniactually refer to Cerocephala cornigea as was suggested byWaterston (Rep. Grain Pests Committee, No. 9. p. 12. 1921).The species is known to occur in England, Sweden. Germany,and New Zealand and may be much more widely distributed. Itis not known to occur in America.THEOCOLAX BAKERI (Crawford), new combination '^rrocephnla bakfri CRAWFORD. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 0, p. 4t:10. 1914.This Philippine species differs from formiciformis by beingdistinctly smaller, by lacking the toothlike protuberances on eachside of the facial depression, and by the pedicel in the femalebeing as long as the first and second segments of the funicle com-bined. It is also somewhat paler in color. All known specimensof the species are fully winged and have a conspicuous tuft ofbristles at the .junction of the marginal and submarginal veins.The head is oblong with parallel sides and with the antennaeinserted distinctly below the ventral extremities of the eyes.There are eight specimens in the U. S. National Museum,inclusive of the type series, all taken by C. F. Baker at Los Banos,Philippine Islands. One of these bears a label "on scolytid No.847." THEOCOLAX LITIGIOSA (Kondani)Laeathia liiigiosa Rondani, Ann. Soc. Nat. Modena, vol. 1, p. 23. 1866: Arch.Zool., vol. 4, p. 191, pi. 7, fijf. 7-8, 1866; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. 9, p. 183,pi. 1, fig. 20, 1877.Theocolax litigioHn Dalla Torre, Catalogus Hymenopteroi iim. vol. 5, p. 207,1898.It is impo.ssiblc to recognize this species from the short andvery unsatisfactory descriptions by Rondani. The alleged host(a species of Cecidomyiidae) justifies a doubt that Htigiosa be-longs in Theocolax.3. (icnu.s CKKOCEl'liALA WcHtwoodCerocephala Westwood. -Mag. Zool., vol. 2, CI. ix, pi. 4, 1832.Kpimacrug Walker. Ent. Mag., vol. 1, p. 368, 1833.Sciatheras RATZEBrKf;, Die Ichneumonen der Forstin.'^ectcn . . ., vol. 2, p. 209,1848. 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vml 9? Pam.-:ciatheras Masi. Nov. ZooL, vol. 24, p. 189, 1917. (New synonymy.)Proamotura GiRAULT, Insecutor Inscitiae Menstiuus, vol. 8, p. 143, 1920 (newsynonymy).?DoDD (in part), Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, p. 66, 1927.On a succeeding- page I have indicated that the genotypes ofEpimacrus and Sciatlieras are both synonyms of Cerocephalacomigera Westwood, the genotype of Cerocephala. This genericsynonymy has been recognized by most authors for many years.Parasciatheras was proposed as a subgenus of Cerocephala. Thecharacters given in Masi's key for distinguishing the subgenusfrom Cerocephala do not function satisfactorily, and while thereare certain differences between the two genotypes in head char-acters, these seem to be of no more thaii specific value. Accord-ingly the subgenus is suppressed.Proamotura, described by Girault as a genus of Cleonymidaebut compared by its author with Spalmigia Latreille and Spalan-giomorpha Girault, differs from Cerocephala only in minor headcharacters and some details of sculpture. Such differences asexist are at most of specific value only. Dodd redescribedProa7notura aquila Girault, the genotype, and placed in the genusthree additional Australian species. All the species treated byDodd, except the genotype, lack the tuft of erect bristles at theapex of the submarginal vein and are here transferred toTheocolaxia Girault.CEROCEPHALA CORNIGERA WestwoodPlate 47, Figs. 4, 4a; Plate 48, Fig. 3Cerocephala comigera WESTWOOD, Mag. ZooL, vol. 2, CI. IX, pi. 4, 1832. ? Walker, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 149, 1834.Epimacrus rufus Walker, Ent. Mag., vol. 1, p. 369, 1833.Sciatheras trichotus Ratzeburg, Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten . . ., vol.2, p. 209, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1848.Epimacrus rufus Walker was synonymized with C. comigeraby Walker, and this synonymy has been generally accepted.Although I have not seen Walker's type, I believe the synonymyto be correct.Sciatheras trichotus Ratzeburg: has been considered a synonymby most authors but Masi (Nov. ZooL, vol. 24. p. 188, 1917)expresses the opinion that it may be different from comigera. In1927 I examined the type of Sciatheras trichotus in the Ratzeburgcollection at the Forstliche Hochschule in Eberswalde, Germany,and made the following notes upon it:Female.?Head thick, occiput margined ; a prominent toothlikecarina between bases of antennae; face concave below antennae,with two small prominences on each lateral margin of the exca-vation ; antenna strongly clavate, flagellum gradually increasing in CHALCIDOIDEA RELATEH TO CEROCEPHALA?OAHAN ?>59thickness from base of fiinicle to club, the latter pointed-ovate;rirst funicular sej2rment one and one-half times as long as broad,second and third about as long as broad, fourth to sixth more orless slightly broader than long: club apparently solid, a littlelonger than two preceding segments; mesonotum smooth, par-apsidal grooves deeply impressed, axillae smooth; scutellum nearlyHat. smooth, except for some very minute and obscure reticulationsapically. Propodeum granularly rugulose. without carinae, folds,or spiracular sulci, and nearly horizontal. Abdomen as long asthorax or a little longer, slightly compressed, shortly petiolate;ovipositor not quite half as long as abdomen. Marginal vein offorewing nearly as long as submarginal, with a tuft of black hairsat juncture of the two veins; postmarginal and stigmal veins shortand subequal.Subsequently during a visit to the Hope Museum at Oxford,Kngland. I saw the type of Cerocephalo cnmigera Westwood andcompared it with the above notes. This type is a male. Exceptfor sexual characters it agreed with the notes on the Ratzeburgtype.Under the name C. comigera in the British Museum generalcollection I found one headless female, and in the British collec-tion one male also agreeing with my notes on the types.The U. S. National Museum collection contains one female anda male reared by H. L. Parker in April 1936. at Hyeres. France,from Scolytif.^ nudtistriatvf' (Marshall) and identified by me asC. comigera. The female agrees with my notes on the Ratzeburgtype of trichotvf! as well as with the Ratzeburg description, andthe male apparently differs from the type of comigera only byhaving the thorax entirely dark ferruginous instead of more orless fuscous or blackish on the scutellum and propodeum. Thisdifference is believed not to be of specific significance since inother related species there is known to be a similar variation incolor.There is but little doubt that Chftetospila elegants Westwood andThcocolax formic iformis Westwood have both been confused with(.'erocephala comigera in the literature. As pointed out byWater.ston [Rep. Grain Pests Committee, No. 9. p. 12. 1921], therecords of this species as a parasite of stored grain pests almostcertainly refer to f'horfosp'la cJegans. The record in Dours (Cat.Syn. Hym. France, p. 92, 1871) of C comigera from Anofiiurtipertinux Fabricius very probably refers to Thencolax formici-formis. The li.sting of comigera by Giraud and Laboulb^ne(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fiancf. sf-r. .'>. vol. 7, p. 422. 1877) as a parasite 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 96 of Aphidae and of Odynerus sp. is quite certainly erroneous. Thespecies apparently normally attacks scolytids of the generaLeperisinus, Scolyttis, Chaetoptelius, and Phloeotrihus . The mostcomplete description of the species is that by Russo (Boll. Lab.Ent. Agr. Portici, vol. 2, pp. 206-215, figs. 105-110, 1938).So far as known, C. cor7iigera is confined in its distribution tothe European continent and the British Isles.CEROCEPHALA ECCOPTO?ASTRI MasiCeroeephala eccoptogastri Masi, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3,vol. 9, pp. 189-193, fig. 7, 1921.Judged by Masi's description and figure as well as by theindicated host this species is very likely a synonym of C. cornigeraWestwood. The types are said to have been reared fromEccoptogaster (probably rugulosus Ratzeburg) taken at Bengasi,Cyrenaica.The figure published by Gonzales Ceballos (Las tribus de losHimenopteros de Espano, p. 204, 1943) under the name Cero-cephala eccoptogastri Ratzeburg does not agree completely withMasi's description and figure. The head appears longer andapparently has only one tooth, instead of two, on each lateralmargin of the facial depression. If the drawing is accurate itprobably represents a species different from eccoptogastri.Ceballos has evidently confused the specific name with that ofPachyceras eccoptogastri Ratzeburg, an insect quite differentfrom the one he figures.CEROCEPHALA DINODERI GahanPlate 47, Figure 5Ceroeephala (Parasciatheras) dinoderi Gahan, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol.27, p. 100, 1925.As was pointed out in the original description, dinoderi is ap-parently very similar to caelehs Masi. The former was describedfrom a unique female and the latter from a unique male. Subse-quent to the description of dinoderi, the C. F. Baker collection ofHymenoptera was acquired by the U. S. National Museum, andin it were seven specimens of this species, one of them a male.This male apparently differs from the description of caelehsby having the antennal flagellum much less conspicuously hairy,the hairs being very sparse and short, none of them as long asthe segment from which it arises. The antennal club is muchless distinctly segmented than in Masi's illustration of the antennaof caelehs, the dividing furrow being very shallow and indistinct.The striations on the face are present but appear to be somewhatweakei- than illustrated for caelehs. The head dorsally, pronotum CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN .^61posteriorly, mesoscutum, axillae, scutellum. and paster are darkpiceous with violaceous or metallic tints on the head and mesoscu-tum. The remainder of head and thorax, propodeum for the mostpart, and the abdominal petiole are rufotestaceous, the coxae allwhitish and the remainder of legs somewhat paler than theunderside of thorax but darker than the coxae. The abdominalpetiole is a little longer than the posterior coxa, paler at base andat apex than in the middle, cylindrical, and granulosely punctate.The antennae are about twice as long as the length of the head,not at all clavate, consisting of a subcylindrical scape, a pedicelnot quite twice as long as broad, one strongly transverse ringjoint, seven funicular segments, and a club which is indistinctly2-segmented, no thicker than the funicle, and about equal in lengthto the two preceding funicular segments. Funicular segments1 to 4 are subequal, each about as long as the pedicel and narrowedat base; segments 5 to 7 are very slightly shorter and more com-pact. The sensilla are rather coarse and extend the whole lengthof the segments.Described originally from Mount Maquiling, Luzon, PhilippineIslands, as a parasite of Dinoderns minutua (Fabricius), thisspecies has since been received from Buitenzorg. Java, where itis said to have been reared from Calundra oryzae (Linnaeus) byR. Awibowo. Other specimens in the collection, without hostrecords, are from Laguna and Los Baiios, Philippine Islands, andDeli. Sumatra. CEROCEPHALA CAELEBS MasiCrroerphala (Paiasciathcras ) caelebs Masl Nov. Zool., vol. 24, p. 189, figs.45-48, 1917.This species was de.scribed from one male specimen collectedin the Seychelles Islands.It apparently differs from dinoderi Gahan mainly in the moredistinctly hairy antennal flagellum.CEROCEPHALA AQUILA (Girnult)Plate 48, Figure 2Prnamotura aqiiila GiRAULT, Insecutor Inscitiac Mcnstruus, vol. 8, p. 143,1920.? DoDD, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, p. 67, 1927.Cerocephala aqitila very closely resembles dinoderi but may bedistinguished from that species, as well as all others, by the com-pletely striated dorsum of the prothorax.Head viewed from in front nearly circular; antennae insertedabove lower extremities of eyes; face depressed medially, mostlysmooth within the depression, and with a more or h>ss distinctcarina running down the middle; lateral margins of the facialdepression with a broad, shallow, not very distinct incision oppo- 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vc.l % site the base of each antenna but without any distinct teeth orprojections; laterad of the depression and below the antennaerather strongly striated; front above antennae, vertex, temples,and cheeks mostly smooth and polished ; scrobicular grooves shortand weakly reticulated, separated by a longitudinal carina whichoriginates just below the anterior ocellus and which is flattenedand produced to form a sharp prominence between the bases ofthe antennae. Antennae rather distinctly clavate in the female,filiform in the male. Pronotum dorsally finely and strongly longi-tudinally striated; mesoscutum and axillae perfectly smooth andpolished, except in the grooves which are weakly foveolated:scutellum smooth medially but distinctly longitudinally striatedlaterally; propodeum rather strongly ruguloso-reticulate, occa-sionally with indications of a median carina but more often with-out. Abdominal petiole of female about half as long as posteriorcoxae, of male equal in length to hind coxae ; gaster in both sexessmooth and shining, in female about as long as thorax, in malemuch shorter than thorax; basal segment of female gaster tri-angularly emarginate medially, of male not emarginate; ovipositorsheaths about as long as the petiole. Forewing in both sexes withmarginal vein very nearly as long as submarginal ; postmarginalvein slightly shorter than stigmal ; discal cilia weak, marginal ciliamoderately long; tuft of hairs at apex of submarginal vein strong.Color of head and thorax varying from mostly reddish brown tomostly yellowish testaceous, the gaster and ovipositor sheathsusually black or very dark brown ; antennal club black, remainderof antenna and all legs concolorous with the head and thorax.Anterior wing with a small fuscous cross band at apex of sub-marginal vein, and a large one embracing the apical half ofmarginal vein and all of stigmal vein.Girault described this species from specimens reared frombeetle-infested twigs of Mallotus philippinensis collected at Bris-bane, Australia. Dodd gave a more complete description andreported the species from two additional Australian localities.One specimen from Ayr, North Queensland, Australia, identifiedby Dodd, is now in the U. S. National Museum.Besides this Australian specimen the National Museum nowpossesses the following material which I have identified as aquila:Two females from Sigatona, Fiji, "ex lyctid." R. A. Lever, coll..December 1942; one male from Mount Maquiling, Luzon, rearedfrom Dmoderu,s minutus (Fabricius) in bamboo by C. F. Baker;one male from Los Baiios, Luzon, "ex bostrichid on bamboo."reared by S. M. Candana; one male from Laguna, Luzon, collected CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA GAHAN 363 on laboratory window by D. T. FuUaway and I. Dobrosky; fourfemales from Santiagro de las Vetras. Cuba, reared from larvae ofD. minutus by A. Otero, January 26, 1933, under Ace. No. 9802a;and a large series of specimens reared by E. A. Chapin from stemsof Arimdinaria longifolia (bamboo) infested with Dinodericsmiiiutns, Lyctus sp.. and two or three other species of Coleoptera.the bamboo stems having been discovered in storage in Hoboken.X. J., but said to have originally come from Mexico. Of the sev-eral species of Coleoptera reared from these stems, individuals ofDinoderus minutus were by far the most abundant and in all prob-ability this species was the actual host of the parasite.In view of the habit of this species of attacking larvae infestingbamboo, it seems likely that it will eventually be found to be muchmore widely distributed than the above few records show.4. Genus THEOCOLAXIA GiraultTheocolaxia Girault, Lese Majeste, new Insecta, and robbery, p. 1, 1924.' afomus DoDD (not Dalman), Trans. Royal Sec. South Australia, vol. 48, p.170, 1924.Proamotura (Girault) DoDD (in part), Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, p.66, 1927.Theocolaxia was described in a single page, privately published,pamphlet printed at Gympie, Australia. The genus is monobasic,with T. lessiiif/i Girault as its type. The short generic descriptionis as follows : "Theocolaxia nov. (Spalangiinae). Antennae 9-jointed, clubsolid, larger. Wings as Neosciatheras as to shape, venation, fringes.Pronotum square, exceeding mesuscutum. Parapsides shorterthan scutum, convex. Axillar sutures meeting cephalad. Scutel-lum plane. Propodeum rugulose, irregular median and lateralcarinae. Petiole short, abdomen ovate, equal rest, ovipositor 44it. Jaws 4-dentate."Earlier in the same year A. P. Dodd described two Au.stralianspecies in the genus Cratomy^s Dalman, but in 1927 he discoveredthey did not belong in Dalman's genus and transferred both spe-cies to Proamotura Girault. In the latter paper he described onenew species and two new varieties, redescribed P. aquila thegenotype of Proamotura, and gave a key for separating the spe-cies. According to the descriptions, all three of the specieserected by Dodd differ from aquila, Girault by lacking the tuft oferect bri.stles at the apex of the submarginal vein. Absence of thistuft is the mo.st striking character differentiating the genusTheocolaxia from Cprocephala of which Proamotura is here con-sidered to be a synonym. Accordingly I have transferred thethree species de.scribed by Dodd to Theocolaxia and placed Pro-amotura aquiln Girault in Ceroceph/ila. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 96Two North American species described by Ashmead in Cero-cephala also lack the tuft of hairs on the forewing and seem toagree, except in one respect, with the generic characters given inthe descriptions by both Girault and Dodd. The male antennaeof the only Australian species of which the male was known weredescribed by Dodd as being 11-segmented consisting of a scape,pedicel, one ring joint, seven funicular segments, and an appar-ently solid club. A specimen identified by Dodd as a variety ofthat species is in the U. S. National Museum, and it agrees withthat description. In males of the single North American speciesof which this sex is known, the antennae are 10-segmented, con-sisting of scape, pedicel, six funicular segments, and a distinctly2-segmented club. No ring segment is visible, and the seventhsegment beyond the pedicel, while closely resembling a funicularsegment, is obviously more closely united with the apical segmentthan with the preceding and forms a part of the club. The an-tennae of the females of this species apparently do not differfrom those of females of the Australian species, and the differencein the one sex I do not believe to be of generic importance. ;THEOCOLAXIA LESSINGI GiraultTheocolaxia lessingi Girault, Lese Majeste, new Insecta, and robbery, p. 1,1924.This species is known only from the original description whichis as follows: "T. lessingi nov. Black, glabrous; knees, tibia 1beneath, tips tibiae, petiole red. Coxa 3, basal ys ovipositor, white,also apex club. Antennae red save club, base pedicel, funicles5-6. Fore wing with cross-stripe distal half marginal to apesstigmal, also a central spot off bend of submarginal. Funicle 1equal pedicel. Sand dunes. Main Beach, Southport, May 5, 1924.'The type is probably in the Queensland Museum.THEOCOLAXIA VIRIDINOTUM (Dodd). new combinationCratomus viridinotum DoDD, Trans. Royal See. South Australia, vol. 48, p171, 1924.Proaviotiira viridinotum Dodd, Mem. Queensland Mus.. voL 9, p. 72, 1927.According to Dodd this species is distinguished from the otheiAustralian species by the presence of only one fuscous band oithe forewing.It was described from Lord Howe Island, Australia.THEOCOLAXIA INSULARIS (Dodd), new combinationCratomus insularis DoDD, Trans. Royal Soc. South Australia, vol. 48, p. 1711924.Proamotura insularis (Dodd) Dodd, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, p. 68, 1921Described from specimens said to have been reared from rotteiwood, found on Lord Howe Island, Australia. CHALCIDOIDKA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN 365THEOCOLAXIA INSl'LARIS rar. GRANDIS (Dodd). n?w combinationProaviotura insularis fjrayidia DoDD, Mem. Queonslunu Mus.. vol. 9, pp. 64, 68,figs. 2. 3. 1927.Both sexes of this variety were described from North Queens-land, Australia, where they were collected on tree trunks.One male paratype of this form was received from its authorand is now in the National Museum collection. The antenna ofthis specimen is 11-segrmented, the scape rather thick, pedicelslightly longer than broad, ring segment fully as long as broadand narrower than the following segment, funicle 7-segmentedwith all its segments about equal in width and diminishing slightlyin length from first to last, the club solid but with slight indica-tion of a cross furrow and about twice as long as but no widerthan the preceding segment. The head has a broad elevationbetween the bases of the antennae, but this is not producedinto a prominent tooth or spine as in most other species. The faceis moderately convex and strongly striated, with only a veryshallow groove running from each antennal fossa to the clypeus,the margin.^ of these grooves rounded and without any sharpangles or protuberances. The scrobes are moderately deep withsharp lateral margins and extend very nearly to the anterior ocel-lus. The vertex is perfectly smooth but the frons between thescrobes and the eye margins is striated like the face. The area be-hind the eyes is sparsely covered with deep punctures. The wholedorsum of the thorax is polished, except that the parapsidal groovesare weakly foveolated and the axillar groo^/es strongly so. The pro-podeum is ruguloso-reticulate without distinct carinae. The ab-dominal petiole is cylindrical and distinctly longer than the hindcoxae. The wings are ample, with the marginal vein distinctlymuch shorter than the submarginal, the postmarginal about aslong as the stigmal.The color is nearly uniformly black with a slight metallic tinge,the hind coxae, all tibiae and tarsi and the underside of abdomenmore or less fuscotestaceous. The wings are hyaline with afuscous band beneath the stigmal vein but without any indicationof a band behind the apex of submarginal vein.Dodd states that after comparing this form with typicalinfii/laris, no specific differincos could be found. On account ofthe larger size (insularis 2.75 mm., grandis 4 to 4.75 mm.) andthe darker wings, he thought it was advisable to separate thismainland form from the Lord Howe Lsland in.sect.THEOCOLAXIA PRRPUI.CHRA (Dodd). new combinationProamotura perpulchra Dodd. Mem. Queensland Mu.s., vol. 9, p. 70, 1927.Described from one female collected at Mount Tambourine. 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 96South Queensland, Australia. In Dodd's key to species, per-pulchra is separated from insularis on the basis of a differencein the length of the abdominal petiole. This is said to be plainlylonger than wide in perpulchra while females of insularis aresaid to have it transverse. The scutellum of perpulchra is saidto be dull metallic green.THEOCOLAXIA PERPULCHRA var. METALLICA (Dodd), new combinationPloaniotura perpulchra metallica Dodd, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, p. 71,1927.Described from collected specimens taken in Cairns district,North Queensland, Australia. According to Dodd this form isdistinguished from typical perpulchra by its more extensive me-tallic coloration.THEOCOLAXIA SCOLYTTVORA (Ashnead). new combinationPlate 47, Figures 7, 7aCerocephala scolytivora (Ashmead MS.) Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol.4, p. 122, 1891. (Nomen nudum.)Cerocephala scolytivora AsHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Sec. Washington, vol. 3, p. 33,1894.This species was described from southern Florida as a parasiteof the scolytid Loganius ficus Schwarz. The types are in the U. S.National Museum.Female.?Length 1.8 mm. Head viewed from in front veryslightly longer than broad, distinctly convex in outline dorsallyand less strongly so below; antennae inserted very nearly on aline with ventral extremities of eyes; face below antennae dis-tinctly concave, the depression sharply margined laterally; be-tween bases of antennae is a strong protuberance which is flat-tened and delicately margined above and terminates in a sharpand slightly upturned point; margin of facial depression with ashallow incision laterad of base of antenna, the lower angle ofthis incision slightly prominent but not forming a distinct tooth ; scrobes not extending to the front ocellus; ocelli in an obtusetriangle, ocellocular line about equal to distance between posteriorocelli ; eyes not prominent, equal in length to approximately halfthe length of head. Vertex, upper part of frons, cheeks, andwhole area behind eyes smooth and polished; frons laterad ofscrobes and face laterad of the depression weakly rugulose; areawithin facial depression mostly smooth.Antennae consisting of scape, pedicel, six funicular segmentsand club. Scape bottle-shaped, rather short, slender at base,rather abruptly thickened beyond basal one-third ; pedicel slightlylonger than broad ; first funicular segment as long as pedicel anda little longer than broad, slightly longer than second; segments CHALCIDOIDEA RELATFD TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN 3672-6 subequal in lenprth but successively increasing: very sli.crhtlyin width, the second about as broad as lonjr and the sixth only alittle broader than long; club indistinctly S-segrmented, ovate,and about equal in length to two preceding segments.Thorax mostly smooth and polislied. the neck of pronot'jm,mesopleura. and mesosternum weakly reticulated ; pronotumlonger than mesoscutnm and as long as broad or a little longer;parapsidal grooves not foveolate; scutellum about as long asmesoscutum, nearly flat; axillae very nearly meeting; axillargrooves weakly foveolated and distinct but not deeply impressed ; propodeum finely and shallowly reticulated, dull, without lateralfolds or median carina. Anterior and posterior femora ratherbroad; middle femur more slender; posterior tibia with two slen-der, unequal calcaria. Anterior wing about three times as longas broad, nearly devoid of discal cilia, the marginal fringe moder-ately long; submarginal and marginal veins nearly equal, marginalabout seven times as long as stigmal, postmarginal a little shorterthan stigmal.Abdomen nearly as long as head and thorax combined; petioledistinctly longer than broad, about two-thirds as long as pos-terior coxae, broader at base than at apex, flattened and smoothdorsally; gaster a little narrower than thorax, slightlv compressedfrom the sides, smooth and polished, the first tergite the longestand deeply incised medially; ovipositor sheaths exserted approxi-mately one-third the length of gaster and slightly com.pressed.General color yellowish testaceous, the mesonotum slightlydarker than the pronotum, the apical two-thirds of abdomen dor-sally, dark brown; antenna nearly uniformly reddish testaceous,its club sometimes a little darker; legs generally very slightlypaler than thorax, their coxae often more or less whitish ; wingshyaline with a broad fu.scous band behind apex of venation and anarrow indistinct one at apex of submarginal vein.Male.?Length 1.5 mm. Almost exactly like the female exceptthat the abdominal gaster in dried specimens is hardly longerthan broad, compressed dorsoventrally and truncate at apex;petiole very nearly twice as long as broad ; antennae scarcelydistinguishable from those of female, its funicular segments alittle more loosely articulated and the transverse groove settingoff basal segment of club deeper and more distinct. Unlike themale of insf/Inrii-!, the male of scoli/firora shows no visible ringsegment in the antenna, the funicle is 6-segmented and the clubdistinctly 2-segmented.Redescribed from the type .series compri.sed of nine femalesand six males. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 9?THEOCOLAXIA PITVOPHTHORI (Ashmesd), new combinationPlate 47, Figure 8CerocephcUa pityophthori (Ashmead MS.) Riley and Howard, Insect Life,vol. 4, p. 123, 1891.Cerocephala pityophthori Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 3, p.32, 1894.Originally described from four specimens now in the NationalMuseum collection and said to have been reared from Pityoph-thorus consimilis LeConte taken at Haw Creek, Fla.Agrees with the description of scolytivora except in the follow-ing particulars : Female.?Length 1.4 mm. Frons laterad of scrobes and facelaterad of the depressed area below the antennae more weaklysculptured, nearly smooth; antenna with the basal segments offlagellum more slender, a little narrower than pedicel, the firstand second funicular segments subequal, each about as long asbroad and each a little shorter than pedicel ; club about as long asthree preceding segments combined. Anterior and posteriorfemora more slender. Marginal vein a little longer than sub-marginal. Abdomen about as long as thorax, the petiole onlyslightly broader at base than at apex, about twice as long asbroad; ovipositor one-third to nearly one-half as long as gaster.General color reddish testaceous, the vertex, dorsum of thorax,and whole of gaster piceous and more or less strongly tinged witha metallic sheen ; legs reddish piceous, with the anterior and pos-terior coxae whitish except basally ; antenna reddish, the club andusually the last funicular segment piceous; wings hyaline with abroad fuscous band embracing the stigmal vein and about theapical two-fifths of marginal vein, but without a band at apex ofsubmarginal vein; ovipositor yellowish basally, the apical halfblackish.Male unknown.Redescribed from the four females comprising the type series,and two females from Durham, N. C, said to have been rearedfrom Thysanoes fimbricornis LeConte, December 13, 1942, by C.L. Massey. 5. Genus PARALAESTHIA CameronParalaesthia Cameron, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1,p. 110, pi. 5, fig. 15, 15a, b, c, and f, 1884.This genus, with P. mandibukiHs Cameron as its only includedspecies, is unknown to me except by Cameron's description andfigures. It is apparently related to Acerocephala but differs,according to the description, by having the mandibles three-fourths as long as the head and bidentate at apex, by having "a CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAHAN 369 wide and deep furrow extending from behind the ocelli to theantennae and carinated in the middle, the keel running down tothe centre." The marginal vein is said to be longer tiian the sub-marginal, and there is a tuft of hairs at the junction of the twoveins.Cameron's rigures of the male and female apparently differ sowidely in characters of the head as to raise a suspicion that theyare not congeneric. The male should be considered the holotype.Described from Panama.6. Genus ACEROCEPHALA. new genusBecause of the differently shaped head, greatly elongated man-dibles, and the absence of a tuft of hairs at the juncture of thesnbmarginal and marginal veins of the forewing, it seems advis-able to remove Cerocephala atroviolacea Crawford from Cero-cephala and erect a new genus for it. The new genus apparentlyresembles Paralaesthia Cameron, but if Cameron's description isaccurate they may be readily separated by the characters used inthe key. Acerocephala differs further by the absence of anygroove or depression down the middle of the frons.Female.?Head large, viev^^ed from in front subrectangular.very slightly broader at mouth than at vertex, its dorsal linenearly straight, its ventral line (when the mandibles are closed)squarely truncate, its sides straight and diverging slightly below:face deeply impressed; lateral margins of facial depressionrounded, without projections ; clypeus not defined ; labrum large,completely exposed; mandibles large, about one-third as, long asihe length of head, squarely truncate at apex and each with foursubequal short teeth ; eyes small, not prominent, obviously muchless than half the length of head; ocelli in a slightly obtuse tri-angle; ocellocular line approximately equal to distance betweenposterior ocelli ; scrobes deep anteriorly, shallower above, notreaching to anterior ocellus; between the antennae a high, nar-row, dorsally flattened plate originating some divStaii'.'e l)elowanterioi- ocellus and either abruptly truncated or graduallydeclivous from a point just below the antennal foveae. Antennaein.serted distinctly below the ventral margins of eyes, 9-segmented : .scape slender at base, becoming thicker in apical two-thirds, aboutfour times as long as broad, not compres.sed ; pedicel pyriform.about one and one-half times as long as broad; funicle 6-seg-mented. the segments all narrower at base than at apex, subetiualin length but successively increasing in breadth; first funicular .segment as long aa or longer than broad and no longer thanpedicel, sixth very slightly broader than long; club ovate, solid. 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL % with very slight indication of one transverse groove, very slightlylonger than last tw^o funicular segments combined and a littlethicker than preceding segment. Pronotum a little longer thanbroad, narroM^ed anteriorly into a distinct neck; mesoscutumbroader and shorter than pronotum, about tvv^ice as broad as long;parapsidal grooves deep, complete, and not foveolate; scutellumabout as long as mesoscutum, weakly convex ; axillae just meeting;axillar furrow not or very weakly foveolated; propodeum notdeclivous, about half as long as scutellum, without either mediancarina or lateral folds and with very shallow spiracular sulci ; mesopleuron with a very shallow, nonfoveolated, femoral impres-sion; prepectus moderately large, triangular; anterior and pos-terior coxae large, subequal ; middle coxae much smaller ; anteriorfemora distinctly swollen, as large as or larger than posteriorpair ; posterior tibia with two slender, unequal calcaria. Abdomenabout as long as thorax, somewhat compressed from the sides,distinctly petiolate; petiole broader at base than at apex, flat-tened and smooth dorsally; basal segment of gaster deeply, tri-angularly incised at apical middle; ovipositor sheaths exsertedabout one-fifth to one-third the length of gaster. Forewing aboutthree times as long as broad ; marginal vein longer than sub-marginal ; stigmal vein approximately twice as long as broadpostmarginal weak and not longer than stigmal; discal ciliavestigial; marginal cilia short; juncture of marginal and sub-marginal veins with a small but distinct callous but without atuft of bristles. Posterior wing about two-thirds as broad andsix-sevenths as long as anterior wing.Male.?Antenna resembling that of female but 10-segmented,the club distinctly 2-segmented and with slight indication of asecond cross furrow ; first funicular segment nearl.y as long aspedicel. Abdomen a little shorter than thorax, compressed dor-soventrally, subtruncate at apex, the apical segments retracted;petiole a little broader at base than at apex; basal segment ofgaster not so deeply incised at apical middle as in female. Other-wise like female.Type of the genus.?Cerocephala atroviolacea Crawford.ACEROCEPHALA ATROVIOLACEA (Crawford), new comhinolionPlate 48, Figure 5Cerocephala atroviolacea Crawford, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vo!. 45. p. 314,1913.Female.?Length about 3 mm. Black, tinged with purple onhead, underside of thorax and abdomen ; thorax above faintlytinged with green; narrow border around the mouth, mandibles, CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA GAHAN 371 scape, and pedicel rufotestaceous : flag-ellum black and shining;abdomen with the petiole more or less rufous, the gaster blackslightly diluted with red basally: le.trs concolorous with thoraxexcept all tarsi and more or less of anterior tibiae reddish tes-taceous. Wings hyaline, the forewing with a brownish trans-verse band embracing all of stigmal vein and approximately theapical two-fifths of marginal vein : venation brownish, the callusblack.Body mostly smooth and polished ; head mostly smooth but withscrobal cavity, narrow border along each side of scrobes. and thesloping inner walls of facial depression weakly aciculated andventral surface of head weakly reticulated; raised plate betweenantennae polished dorsally, narrowly wedge-shaped, broadest an-teriorly, and abruptly perpendicularly truncate just below an-tennae; labrum squarely truncate at apex; scrobal grooves deepand extending more than half the distance from antennal foveaeto anterior ocellus; neck of pronotum weakly reticulated; meso-pleura reticulated; propodeum for the most part very finelytransversely lineated, smooth posteriorly; abdominal petiole obvi-ously a little longer than broad and a little broader at base thanat apex ; gaster entirely smooth and polished, not quite as long asthorax; ovipositor slightly exserted, never more than one-fifth aslong as gaster.Male.?Unknown.Remarks.?Redescribed from the type series and two subse-quently acquired specimens. The types were reared from ascolytid infesting cones of pinyon (Piuvs edulis) at Las Vegas,N. Mex. The two more recently acquired specimens are labeledas having been reared from Conopkthoncs edulis Hopkins infest-ing cones of Pinus edulis at Ute Pass, Colo., and are recordedunder Hopkins U. S. No. 9099e.ACEROCEPHALA AENIGMA. new gpcriesPlatk 47, Figures 6, 6a; Plate 48, Figures 4, 4aThe specimens upon which this species is based were at firstbelieved to represent merely a varietal form of ntroviolacea.More careful examination of the few specimens available hasshown certain apparently constant characters by which they differfrom ofroviolacrn, however, and makes it appear necessary totreat them as a separate species.Female.?Length 2.75 mm. Agreeing with the description ofafroviolacea except in the following particulars: Body shiningblack with no suggestion of green on dorsum or elsewhere; pediceland apex of scape piceoua; aciculations on front of head stronger 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.96and the sculptured area obviously more extensive, embracing mostof the area betw^een the eyes from a little below the anteriorocellus to oral margin but smooth along inner orbits ; raised platebetween antennae very faintly aciculated dorsally, narrowly ellip-tical anteriorly and not perpendicularly truncated but slopinggradually from just below antennae to oral margin; labrumbroadly rounded anteriorly; scrobal grooves relatively shallowand extending upward a little less than half the distance fromantennal foveae to anterior ocellus; neck of pronotum a littlemore strongly reticulated; petiole of abdomen a little broaderthan long and nearly twice as wide at base as at apex ; ovipositorexserted approximately one-third the length of gaster.Male.?Length 2.5 mm. Very similar to the female exceptantenna somewhat longer and abdomen squarely truncate at apex.Antenna with 10 distinct segments and with more or less indica-tion of another division on the club; scape approximately fourtimes as long as thick, somewhat thickened in apical half; pedicellonger than thick; funicle 6-segmented, the first segment veryslightly shorter than pedicel, about one and one-half times as longas broad, following segments subequal to the first in length butsuccessively increasing slightly in width, the fifth and sixth alittle broader than long; club a little broader than last funicularsegment and a little longer than two preceding segments com-bined, its first segment closely resembling a funicular segmentbut a little less distinctly set off from the following segment.Abdominal petiole about as broad as long, faintly sculptured andbroader at base than at apex; basal segment of gaster apparentlybroadly but not deeply emarginate at apex.Type Jocalitv.?Prineville, Oreg.7^7/pe.?U.SlN.M. No. 57280.Remarks.?Holotype female, allotype, and one female paratypelabeled as having been reared from Pinus ponderosa at Prine-ville. Oreg., June 2, 1935. by W. J. Buckhorn under Hopkins U. S.No. 18977D ; one female paratype from Pmus ponderosa, Haca-more, Calif., June 6, 1931, by K. A. Salman under Hopkins U. S.No. 20755D; and one female paratype from Phi us coulteri. MountLaguna, Calif., November 1940. by D. DeLeon under HopkinsU. S. No. 32842D.7. Genus NEOSCIATHERAS MasiWcosciathevas Masi, Nov. Zool., vol. 24, pp. 189-192, figs. 49, 50, 1917.Neosciatheras is unknown to me except by the description. Thegenotype, N. laticeps, described in the same paper as the genus, isbased upon a single female collected in the Seychelles Islands. CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCKPHALA?GAHAN M^The j^enus ai)pareiitly differs from all others treated here, exceptSchtherellns Masi. by having the head and thorax distinctlysculptured instead of mostly smooth and polished. From Seia-fherfllii.s, known only in the male sex. it may be distinguished bythe characters used in the key.The antennae are said to be clavate. inserted below the middleof face but a little above a line connecting the lower extremitiesof the eyes. 10-segmented, without a ring segment, the funicle6-segmented and the club indistinctly 2-segmented. The head,viewed from in front, is nearly as broad as long, the eyes promi-nent, and the cheeks curved. The axillae are rugoso-sulcate. andthe scutellum similarly but less strongly sculptured. The propo-deum has a deep, semielliptical. transverse excavation basally.The forewing is without a tuft of hairs at the juncture of marginaland submarginal veins, the marginal vein is about eight times aslong as the rather short stigmal vein, the stigmal knob is armedwith a short tooth, and the postmarginal vein is a little shorterthan the stigmal. The wing beyond the basal cell is said to beyellowish gray ("flavido-grisescentes") with the transverse fasciabehind the juncture of marginal and submarginal veins and themacula adjacent to the stigmal vein obscure, the apical marginpallid. The abdominal petiole is almost as long as the propodeum,cylindrical and finely striated, and the gaster is about as long asthorax, smooth and shining, its first segment not incised at dorsalmargin. The ovipositor is exserted one-third the length of gaster.8. Genus SCIATHERELLUS MasiSciath>'r,'lhiy Masi. Nov. Zool., vol. 24. pp. 189, 192, figs. 51. 52, 1917.The type species, S. orncinxs Masi. described in the same paperas the genus, was based on a single male specimen collected in theSeychelles Islands.This genus, like Neoscuitheras Masi, apparently differs fromthe other genera in this group by having the mesonotum punctate.It differs from Meosciatheras according to the de.scription by hav-ing the stigmal vein about one-fourth as long as the marginal.the stigmal knob only slightly developed and without a process,the postmarginal vein almost effaced, the antennae inserted alittle above the middle of head, the scape extending above thflevel of vertex, the flagellum very long and not thickened, and thepropodeum without a transverse fovea at base. The forewing iswithout a tuft of bristles at the juncture of marginal and sub-marginal veins and has two transverse fuscous bands. The head,viewed from in front, is a little broader than long, and the face isobliquely striate without projections. 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 96SPECIES WRONGLY PLACED IN CEROCEPHALINAEOne species described in Theocolax is quite certainly not a cero-cephaline but a eupelmid.EUPELMELLA CANADENSIS (Provancher), new combinationTheocolax canadensis Provancher, Nat. Canad., vol. 14, p. 35, 1883; Fauneentomologique du Canada, p. 809, 1887.Cer-ocepkala canadensis (Provancher) Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington,vol. 3, p. 83, 1894.No representative of this species has been seen by me but thedescription of the thorax cannot apply to any cerocephaline anddoes agree quite well with some of the subapterous eupelmids.0. Peck, of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, informs methat he once examined the type of the species in the Provanchercollection and concluded it was a eupelmid but did not place itgenerically. It is here referred tentatively to EupelmeUa Masibut may eventually prove to belong in some other subapterousgenus of the Eupelmidae.Ashmead's translation of Provancher's description is incorrectwith respect to the mesothorax. This is said to be longitudinallyhollowed out, not "longitudinally aciculated" as stated by Ash-mead. REMARKS ON SOME GENERA EXCLUDED FROMCEROCEPHALINAEThe following genera, which at one time or another have beenassociated by some authors with Cerocephala in the Spalangiinae,are considered not to belong in Cerocephalinae : Paraspalangia Ashmead (Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 334,1904) was included in a key to genera of Spalangiinae with amanuscript species, P. ammlipes Ashmead, named as the genotype.The type of this species is in the National Museum collection, andit belongs in the Tetrastichinae. The type specimen was rede-scribed by Girault (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 9, p. 303, 1916)under a new generic and specific name, Stigmatotrastichus emer-soni Girault. The generic name Stigmatotrastichus Girault is asynonym of Paraspalangia Ashmead, and the specific nameemersoni Girault a synonym of annulipes Ashmead. This syn-onymy was indicated in the list of type species of the genera ofchalcid flies by Gahan and Pagan (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 123, p.137, 1923) but without indication of where the genus belonged inthe classification.Pegoscapus Cameron (Ann. Rep. Estacion Central AgronomicaCuba, p. 275, 1906), assigned to the Spalangiinae by Cameron andincluded in the treatment of that group by Schmiedeknecht (Gen- CHALCIDOIDEA RELATED TO CEROCEPHALA?GAUAN 375 era insectorum. fasc. 97. pp. 385. 386, 1909), has not been seenby me, but is certainly a fip: insect (Agaonidae) as stated byWaterston (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1920. p. 129).Tricorijphu3 Foerster ( Hymenoptera Studien. vol. 2. p. 46,1856) was originally described without included species. Thom-son (Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, vol. 4, p. 209. 1875^ redescribedthe genus and included T. fasckdus Thomson which is the geno-type. Ashmead (Mem. Carnegie Mus.. vol. 1, p. 392, 1904) treatedthe genus as a synonym of Cerocephala, but Masi (Ann. Mus. Civ.Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3, vol. 9, p. 240. 1921) declared it to be agood genus. The U. S. National Museum collection possesses twofemale specimens from "Deutschland" identified by Foerster asTricoriiphus and bearing an unpublished Foersterian specificname. These specimens agree with Thomson's description ofTrlconjphus fasciatus. In my opinion, based upon these speci-mens, the genus Tricoryphus is closely related to ApterolelapsAshmead and SpalangioJaelaps Girault and should be referred tothe subfamily Lelapinae.Spalangiopelta Masi (Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. ser. 3,vol. 10, p. 30, 1922) is unknown to me except by the description.Masi states that it is intermediate between Asaphini and Spa-langiini. The 13-segmented antenna with three distinct ringsegments, the presence of the malar grooves, the unexcavatedface, the subobsolete parapsidal grooves, the presence of a trans-verse groove on the scutellum, the distinctly sculptured thorax andthe metallic green color seem to exclude it from close relationshipwith Cerocephala . I am unable to place it definitely. EXPLANATION OF PLATESThe drawings for the accompanying plates were made byArthur Cushman, of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar-antine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.Plate 471-la. Choetospila elegans Westwood: 1, Antenna of female; la, antennaof male.2-2a. Choetospila tabida, new species: 2, Antenna of female; 2a, antennaof male.3-3a. Theocolax fonniciformis Westwood: 3, Antenna of female; 3a, an-tenna of male.4-4a. Cerocephala cornigera Westwood: 4, Antenna of female; 4a, antennaof male.5. Cerocephala dinoderi Gahan: Antenna of male.6-6a. Acerocephala aenigma, new genus and species: 6, Antenna of female;6a, antenna of male.7-7a. Theocolaxia scolytivora (Ashmead) : 7, Antenna of female; 7a, an-tenna of male.8. Theocolaxia pityophthori (Ashmead) : Antenna of female.Plate 481-lb. Theocolax forrniciformis Westwood: 1, Apterous female; la, anteriorand posterior wings from female of al ate form; lb, head of female,anterior view.2. Cerocephala aquila (Girault) : Thorax and wings of female.3. Cerocephala cornigera Westwood: Head of female in semiprofile.4-4a. Acei-ocephala aenigma, new genus and species: 4, Complete drawingof female; 4a, anterior view of head of female.5. Acerocephala atroviolacea (Crawford) : Anterior view of head offemale.376 ?ir U. S. GOVERNYENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1946?714084 U S NATIONAL MUSEUM Species of Choetospila. Theocolax Cerocephala.ACEROCEPHALA AND ThEOCOLAXIAFOR EXPLANATION SEE PAGE 376. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SPECIES OP THEOCOLAX. CEROCEPHALA. AND ACEROCEPHALAFOR EXPLANATION SEE PAGE 376.