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hi.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Voi. XI. Plate I.
Giant Cedars (Thuja plicata).
In moist land near Elbe. Shield ferns ( I'olystielHim nmnitum) in the foreground and liemlocks
(Tsuga heterophylla) in tlie background. Reproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.
FLORA OF WASHINGTON.
ADVERTISEMENT. ^
The Unitod States National Herl>ariuin, which was founded by
the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1808 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled " Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium," begun
in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pur-
suance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publi-
cation. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the
Department of Agriculture.
Richard Rathbun,
Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,.
2
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
Dnited States National Herbarium
Volume XH '(\^ AiVA^
FLORA OF THE STATE OF
WASHINGTON
.4
By CHARLES V'^ PIPER
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
19 6 •!
lU
PE(d
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM;
Issued October 8, 1900.
d
PREFACE.
The following account of the flora of the State of Washington, by
Prof. C. V. Piper, is based on his study of the plants of that State
during a period of twenty years. This work was carried on in chance
hours of leisure and in occasional summer vacations. During most
of the college year 1899-1900, however, Professor Piper was at the
Gray Herbarium looking up critical material and examining the
specimens of older collectors, especially those upon which publications
had been based. Considerable time was devoted also to other large
Jierbaria, particularly those of the United States National Museum,
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the
New York Botanical Garden. The private herbaria of Prof. L. F.
Henderson, of Mr. Thomas Howell, and of Mr. W. N. Suksdorf were
likewise freely consulted.
Most of the types of the new species published by Professor Piper
in the present work and in earlier papers are in the United States
National Herbarium, and a large part of the whole material on which
this flora is based is also represented there.
In the course of his work Professor Piper examined specimens of
nearly all the collections made within the confines of the State of
Washington, so far as these are to be found in American herbaria.
Thus it was possible to ascertain the identity of nearly all the species
Avhich had been accredited to the State through erroneous determi-
nation. Unfortunately several of the specimens upon which the
names in published lists were based are not now to be found in
the herliaria in which they might be expected. This is true particu-
larly of Cooper's plants and in less degree of those of the Wilkes
Expedition, so that the identity of such plants can only be surmised.
In publications on the collections of Menzies, Douglas, Scouler, and
Tolmie there are many plant names that can be definitely rectified
only by examining the original specimens. It is quite certain also
that the current interpretation of a number of species based on these
(nirly collections is erroneous. Their correction will require an exam-
ination of the types, which are in European herbaria.
With few exceptions no species has been admitted into this flora
unless its author has actually studied Washington specimens.
In the course of the preparation of this work Professor Piper be-
came indebted to many botanists for assistance. He states that he
5
6 PREFACE.
is under especial obligations to Prof. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray
Herbarium, for kindly counsel, as well as for much aid in the genus
Lupinus; to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the National Herbarium,
for his continuous helpful advice; to Dr. N. L. Britton, of the
New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Stewardson Brown, of the Acad-
emy of Sciences of Philadelphia, and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the
Field Columbian Museum, for the privileges of consulting the her-
baria of which they have charge; to Mr. M. L. Fernald, of the (iray
Herbarium, for technical assistance in various genera ; to Dr. J. M.
Greenman, of the Field Columbian Museum, for aid in Senecio; to
Mr. A. A. Eaton, for a key to the species of Isoetes; to Mr. P. L.
Kicker and Mr. AV. F. Wight, of the Department of Agriculture,
for assistance in bibliography; to Dr. Theodor Holm and Prof. C. F.
Wheeler for aid in the genus Carex.
Thanks are extended to the many persons who have favored Pro-
fessor Piper with their collections of Washington jilants, especially
Mr. Kirk AVhited, of Wenache, Washington ; Prof. R. M. Horner, of
Waitsburg, AVashington; Prof. J. B. Flett, of Tacoma, Washington,
and Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon.
For the privilege of examining their private herbaria Professor
Piper is indebted to Mr. Thomas Howell, of Milwaukee, Oregon; to
Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen, Washington, and to Prof. L. F. Hen-
derson, of Moscow, Idaho.
Frederick V. Coville,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
tC N T V. N T S
Page.
Introduction 9
The b.tanical explore: s of Washington 10
Menzies - H
Lewis 11
Douglas - 13
Scouler 13
Tolmie 14
Gairdner 14
Wyeth _-. 14
Nuttall 14
Pickering and Brackenridge 15
Geyer 16
Spalding 16
LyalL.._ 16
Jeffrey --. 17
Cooper , 17
Collectors since 1860 17
Physiography and geology - - 20
The Pacific Coastal Plain - .--. 30
Th3 Olympic Mou tains 21
The Puget Sound Basin -- - 21
The Cascad J Mountains - 22
The Okanogan Highlands _ _ 24
The Columbia Plains 24
The Blue Mountains 26
Climate. 26
Precipitation 26
Sunshine and cloudiies^s 29
T mperature - - 30
Western Washington 30
Eastern Washington 31
Winds ..... 33
The Zonal distribution of Washington plants 33
Upper Sonorau life a: ea 36
Origin of the Upper Sonoran flora 37
Humid Ti ansition area 40
Uplands 41
Bottom lands _. 42
Gravelly prairie? 42
Seashores i 45
Sphagnum bogs .'--. 46
The Coastal strip 46
Arid Transition area 47
The Bunchgrass prairies 48
The Yellow Pine forests 50
7
8 CONTENTS.
The Zonal distribution of "Washington plants—Continued. Page.
Origin of the Arid Transition flora 51
The Califomian element - 51
The Rooky Mountain element. 53
The Columbia Basin element _
.
52
Comparison of the Humid and Arid Transition floras . 53
The Canadian zone . ! - 58
The Hudsonian zone - 60
The Arctic zone -- 62
Regions of peculiar botanical interest - - - 65
The Olympic Mountains. 65
The Columbia Gorge - 67
Klickitat County - - 68
Mount Stuart and the Wenache Mountains 68
The Blue Mountains 71
Plants known to occur only in Washington 73
Plants which probably will be found to occur in "Washington , - 75
Annotated catalogue of the species of vascular plants of Washington 76
Addenda - ... 613
Bibliography -.... 615
Geographic index 619
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Facing pago.
Plate I. Giant cedars ( Th iija plicata
)
Frontispiece
II. Topographic map of Washington 20
III. Characteristic vt^getation of the bluffs along Puget Sound 21
IV. Steamboat Rock, in the Grand oulee _ 25
"V. Rainfall map of Washington - - 28
VI. Sagebrush plains in Yakima County . 36
VIT. Forest of red fir ( Pseudotsuga vmcronata) in Washington 41
VIII. Characteristic view in a moist forest . 41
IX. Pasture-like gravelly prairies of Pierce County 42
X. Lnpinus rivularis on the gravelly prairies in Pierce County .... 43
XI. Prairie of bunchgrass {Agr )2)yron spicatum) on the Horse
Heaven Hills. Klickitat County 48
XII. Range lands near White Stone Lake, Olianogan County 48
XIII. View in a coulee near Lyons Ferry 49
XI V. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa
)
50
XV. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) 50
XYl. Forest of hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla) . 58
XVII. Subalpine firs {Abies lasiocarpa) in Paradise Valley, Mount
Rainier 60
XVIII. Vegetation of the Gorge of the Columbia River 67
XIX. Bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) growing on basalt outcrop-
pings 146
XX. White hellebore ( Veratrum californicum) 196
XXI. Iris missouriensis 202
XXII. Lupinus ornatus in low meadows near Wenas 355
MAP.
Map showing the floral areas of the State of Washington In pocket
FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
INTRODUCTION.
The principal aim of the author in this work is to present a sum-
mary of our present knowledge of the vascular plants of Washington
and to call attention to the more important problems, both taxonomic
and ecological, which have become disclosed.
Simple keys to the genera and species are inserted so ns to give
the work a wider usefulness.
The nomenclature aims to follow the recently proposed Philadel-
phia Code. In accordance with the rules of this code in the matter of
generic names, it is not improbable that several of those here used
will have to be changed when the necessary bibliographical researches
have been made. As the important synonomy is here given with
each species, there will be little difficulty in coordinating the name
adopted with any other commonly used heretofore, or which may be
proposed hereafter.
As regards the limitation of species the author has in the main
adopted i: rather conservative attitude. Some of the recently pro-
posed species seem well founded even if the differences are slight.
In other cases the species or subspecies seem to be based on too slight
characters and are therefore unworthy of nomenclatorial recogni-
tion. As one's acceptance or rejection of a proposed species depends
in part on personal judgment, and in part on the evidence available,
attention is, in nearly all cases, called to those which the author
rejects. In all such cases additional material, as well as careful fiehl
notes, is desirable for the better understanding of the forms in
question.
In the matter of the tendency common at present to raise to
generic rank what have heretofore been considered subgenera, the
writer likewise takes a conservative attitude. It is at least doubtful
if the very large number of new names thus occasioned does not more
than counterbalance any advantage argued in favor of the practice.
Certainly the carrying of the practice to such an extreme that genera
are considered to be made up of species of similar habit, rather than
to be based on structural characters, seems inadvisable. Neither does
it impress one as a valid argument that, because in some extremely
natural families the genera must perforce be based on very slight
9
10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
differences, similar characters must be given equal consideration in
all families.
The Pacific northwest is a region with great physiographic and
correspondingly great climatic differences. In consonance with the
physical factors there are many and striking i>eculiarities in the dis-
tribution of the plant species occupying this area, and the attempt is
here made on the basis of the writer's familiarity with the region,
and the recorded data of others, to determine some of the complex
causes which have brought about the present plant distribution.
It is more than possible that some of the conclusions here reached
or suggested may be based quite as much on our lack of knowledge
as on definite information. AVhile this may eventually prove to be
the case, the suggestions here advanced may nevertheless serve as
working hypotheses when a more complete botanical survey shall l)e
undertaken.
Many of the data upon which the origin of the present llora of
Washington depends must be sought to the southward, a region here
considered (mly incidentally, but which must needs be more fully
explored before certain conclusions here suggested can be either veri-
fied or overthrown.
THE BOTANICAL EXPLORERS OF WASHINGTON.
The following brief account of the botanical explorers of Wash-
ington refers to their labors mainly in so far as they concern the
region covered by this work. Inasmuch as both Washington and
Idaho were included in Oregon until 18.58, many of the earlier col-
lections in these States are ascribed simply to " Oregon," though
Washington and north Idaho are sometimes referred to as " Upper
Oregon,'' notably in Geyer's explorations. Before the name Oi'egon
became attached to the northwest Pacific region the interior portions,
especially south Idaho and eastern Oregon, were more or less vaguely
included in " Upper California," a phrase not unusual on Douglas's
plant labels, and quite frequently used in the Botany of Beechey's
Voyage. Still earlier than this the name " New Georgia " wa.-, em-
ployed, mainly for the region bordering Puget Sound and the Ciiilf of
Georgia. The most vague term of all, " Northwest Coast," has been
made by different writers to include everything from the northern
boundary of California to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the
approximate meaning of this phrase can be gleaned in each case
where used only by indirect means.
The botanical explorations of Washington are conveniently grouped
into two periods. The first of these includes all the explorers previous
10 1860, namely, Menzies, Lewis, Douglas, Scouler, Tolmie, Gairdner,
Wyeth, Nuttall, Pickering and Brackenridge, Geyer, Spalding, Jef-
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 11
frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mogino,
who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, in 1792, and
Thaddeus Haenke, who Avas at the same phice in 1791. Nootka
Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by
Menzies and by Scouler, and consequently is the type locality of
many northwestern species.
MENZIES.
Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist
with Vancouver during his explorations from 1790 to 1795, during
which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and
adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of
Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had already visited
the " Northwest Coast " in a trading vessel and had made some col-
lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum.
A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies's
plants are commonly ascribed to the " Northwest Coast," or to " New
Georgia." A considerable number are definitely known to have been
collected at Nootka Sound, and it would perhaps be possible to ascer-
tain the exact source of most of them.
LEWIS.
In conjunction with William Clark, Meriwether Lewis (1774-
1809) made the famous transcontinental exploration in 1804-1800.
All of his botanical collections that concern Washington plants were
made on the return trip in 180G, and it has been possible from the
labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to
determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of
these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described,
from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg. ; at the Cascades, or " Grand
Rapids " of the Columbia ; at " Fort Rock Camp," or The Dalles of
the Columbia ; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the
]jresent town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at " Quamash Flats," now
Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis's plants were described by Pursh in
1814 *in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of
his specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of
these are Pursh's actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A
curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a
plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is
notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis
described with considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan-
ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis's descriptions.
12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
DOUGLAS.
David Douglas (1799-1834), a Scotch botanist sent out by thq
London Horticultural Society, made extensive collections in two
journeys, the first from ISSi to 1827. In this journey Douglas
explored the larger portion of what is now Washington and much of
Oregon and Idaho. He returned to England in 1827, traveling over-
land from Fort Vancouver to Hudson Bay, where he fortunately
found a whaling vessel. The second journey occupied the years 1830
to 1833. The sunmier of 1830 was spent in Washington and Oregon.
From December, 1830, to October, 1832, he was in Califoinia and the
Hawaiian Islands, whence he again reached the Columbia River
October 23, 1832. The ensuing twelve months were sjjent in Wash-
ington and Oregon. October 18, 1833, Douglas sailed from the
mouth of the Columbia to the Hawaiian Islands, where he met his
death July 12, 1834.
During all of his trips Douglas kept a journal, and this is now in
the possession of the Ix)ndon Horticultural Society. The principal
parts of this journal were published after Douglas's death in the
" Companion to the Botanical Magazine," by Sir W. J. Hooker, in
183(). This paper has recently been reprinted by the Oregon Histor-
ical Society. From it the following epitome of Douglas's northwest-
ern explorations are drawn:
Reaching Fort Vancouver April 19, 1825, Douglas spent the first
two months collecting in the immediate vicinity. From June 20 to
August 5 he botanized along the Columbia between Vancouver and
The Dalles. On August 19 he started up the Willamette, reaching
a jjoint 38 kilometers (24 miles) above the falls. The second week
in September he ascended the high mountains on each side of the
Columbia, a very arduous task. On the mountain on the south side,
he discovered Abies umahiliH and A, nohilis. The time from Octo-
ber 22 until November 15 was spent in a trij) to the mouth of the
Columbia, thence up the coast to AVillapa and (iray harbors. From
the latter place he ascended the Chehalis River and returned to Van-
couver down the Cowlitz. Owing to extremely bad weather, all the
collections of this trip were lost. The winter was spent at Fort
Vancouver.
March 20, 1820, Douglas started for Fort Walla Walla, now the
site of Wallula, which he reached on the 28th. April 1 he was at
Priest Rapids, April at the mouth of the Okanogan, and April 11
at the mouth of the Spokane, where he remained eight days. April
19 he started for Kettle Falls, where much of the time until June 4
was spent. Proceeding overland to Walla Walla, he remained there
until June 19. During the three weeks succeeding he made two trips
into the Blue Mountains. On July 17 he started up the Snake River,
PIPEE FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 13
reaching the mouth of the Clearwater July 24. Douglas collected
about the present site of Lewiston and in the adjacent Craig Moun-
tains until the 30th. July 31 he started overland for Kettle Falls,
which he reached August 4, going by way of Old Fort Spokane.
Here he remained until the 18th, when he proceeded to Fort Okano-
gan on horseback, thence down the Columbia, reaching Vancouver
August 31. The remainder of this season was spent in a trip to the
head of the Umpqua River, where he discovered the sugar pine, near
the present- site of Roseburg. On March 20, 1827, he started for
England, going up the Columbia to Kettle Falls on foot. From here
he made his way across the continent to Hudson Bay, whence he sailed
in a whaling ship.
On Douglas's second journey he reached the Columbia June 3, 1831.
Most of this season was spent in the Blue Mountains region, Avhere
he collected " one hundred new species " of plants. From October 10
until December 23 he was at the mouth of the Columbia. From then
until October 23, 1832, he was in California and the Sandwich
Islands. Reaching the Columbia again October 23, 1832, he spent
the fall collecting mosses and seaweeds along the coast. In the
spring of 1833 he again ascended the Columbia, reaching Fort Oka-
nogan April 9. The early part of the summer was spent on Fraser
River, but all his collections were lost by the upsetting of his canoe,
and Douglas barely escaped with his life. July 15, 1833, he was
again at Walla Walla, whence he made excursions for the third time
into the Blue Mountains. October 18, 1833, he sailed from the mouth
of the Columbia. The extent and amount of this man's collections
during the three seasons he spent in the Northwest almost surpass
belief.
His collections are described in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana.
A few of his duplicates are in the Gray Herbarium, but the most
complete set is at Kew.
SCOULER.
Dr. John Scouler (1804-1871) was the companion of Douglas on
his first journey. His collections were confined to the single season
of 1825. During April and May he collected with Douglas mainly
at the mouth of the Columbia and at Fort Vancouver. From June
until September Scouler spent on a trip to Nootka Sound and return,
during which he is said to have visited nearly every harbor along
that stretch of coast. Some of his specimens are labeled " Straits
of de Fuca ; " others " Nootka Sound." The best set is in the Brit-
isli Museum. Scouler's manuscript journal is in the possession of the
Oregon Historical Society and, it is stated, will soon be published.
14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
TOLMIE.
Dr. W. F. Tolmie (died in 1886) went to Fort Vancouver in 1832
as a medical officer to the Hudson Bay Couii)any. He had been a
pupil of Sir W. J. Hooker, to whom he sent many botanical speci-
mens. Tolmie's duties caused him to travel quite widely in the
Northwest, but little is known of the details of his journeys. He
was the first botanist to visit ISIount Rainier, on the slopes of Avhich
he collected in 1837. Tolmie's specimens are mostly labeled " Fort
Vancouver," '' Multnomah River," and '' N. W. Coast." Many speci-
mens collected in the " Snake country " of south Idaho and described
in the Botany of Beechey's Voyage, are usually accredited to Tolmie,
though he expressly states that they were gathered for him by a
friend.
GAIRDNEB.
Dr. Meredith Gairdner, a surgeon of the Hudson Bay Company,
collected a few plants about Fort Vancouver, where he died prior to
1840. His specimens are at Kew. Carmii (/airchieti^ the finest food
plant of the northwestern Indians, commemorates his name.
WYETH.
Nathaniel Wyeth, the adventurous and enterprising American trav-
eler and trader, crossed the continent on his first journey in 1832.
On his return trip in 1833 he crossed the mountains in north Idaho,
and made a small collection of plant^ on the Fhithead River. These
were described by his friend, Nuttall, in the Journal of the Phila-
delphia Academy of Sciences, new series, volume 7, Wyeth's jour-
nals were published in 1889 by the Oregon Historical Society.
NUTTALL.
Thomas Nuttall (178(>-18r){)), an Englishman by birth, one of the
most acute and able of American botanists, spent the years 1834 to
183C botanizing in the West. He was a member of Wyeth's second
exi^edition, crossing the continent by the " Oregon Trail." He
reached Fort Walla Walla about September 3, 1834, and Fort Van-
couver September 10. On the overland trip Nuttall collected a very
large number of species, considering the circumstances. December 11
he sailed for the Sandwich Islands, returning to the Columbi-a the
following spring. His headquarters during 1835 were on Sauvie
Island, at the mouth of the AVillamette River, then called Wappatoo
Island. Nuttall made but few and short excursions from his base,
apparently finding enough to occupy his energies there. He did,
hoAvever, collect about the Willamette Falls, Fort Vancouver, and the
mouth of the Columbia. His original collection is in the British
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 15
Museum, but good sets of his specimens are in the Gray and Torrey
herbaria, and many others are in the Philadelphia Academy of
Sciences.
PICKERING AND BRACKENRIDGE.
Dr. Charles Pickering and Mr. W. D. Brackenridge were the
botanists of the exploring expedition under Commodore Wilkes,
Their botanical explorations so far as Washington is concerned were
briefly as follows: May 2, 1841, the expedition was at Port Discovery,
remaining there until the 6th instant. On the trip up Puget Sound
stops were made at Appletree Cove and Port Madison. Tlie expedi-
tion reached Fort Nisqually May 11, which place became the
headquarters for the explorations in the interior. Pickering and
Brackenridge were attached to Lieutenant Johnson's party, which
left Nisqually May 20 and crossed the Cascade Mountains by way of
the Indian trail up White River. They reached the summit on the
26th instant, remaining there two days, descending on the east side
down the Spipen or Naches River. Leaving this river near its
mouth the party traveled northward to the Yakima and thence over
the Wenache Mountains to the Wenache River. From here the route
was up the Columbia to Fort Okanogan, which Avas reached June 8.
June 10 the journey was resumed eastAvard up the Columbia, and
Fort Colville was reached June 15. From Fort Colville the party
traveled southward, reaching Lapwai, Idaho, on June 25. A two
days' trip from here brought the party to Fort Walla Walla, where
they remained until July 4. From here their route led up the
Yakima and Naches rivers and thence over the mountains by the
outgoing route.
Several other exploring parties were also sent out from Nisqually,
but the only botanical specimens collected by the expedition seem to
have been gathered by Pickering and Brackenridge.
The results are included in two of the large volumes devoted to
the scientific results of the expedition. Unfortunately the original
labels of the specimens seem in some way to have become intermixed,
with the result that a good many plants confined to eastern Wash-
ington bear such labels as " Port Discovery " and " Nisqually," while
other species confined to western Washington are labeled " Walla
Walla," or " North Fork of the Columbia." On some sheets eastern
and western Washington species are mixed, and mounted over a
single label. With the details of the party's itinerary known, it is
possible, however, to tell with some accuracy where the specimens
must have been gathered.
16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
GEYER.
Charles A. Geyer, a German botanist who had previously botan-
ized extensively in Illinois, and who later was attached to Nicollet's
expedition, traversed the continent with a party of missionaries, and
in November, 1843, crossed a high spur of the " Green " (Bitterroot)
Mountains from the P'lathead to the Spokane or Ctpur d'Alene River,
and passed the winter at Chamokane Mission, situated on Chamo-
kane Creek, about 10 miles from its junction with the Spokane.
During the season of 1844 Geyer made excursions northward to Old
Fort Colville on the Columbia, southeastward up the Spokane River
and into the mountains about Lake Cocur d'Alene, and southward to
the Palouse River and to Lapwai Mission, near the mouth of the
Clearwater. From here he explored the Craig Mountains of Idalio.
Journeying overland to Fort Walla Walla he descended the Colum-
bia, and reached Fort Vancouver November 13, 1844, whence he
sailed to England.
Geyer's account of the flora of the regions explored by him is re-
markably good. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray
Herbarium.
SPALDING.
Rev, Henry Spalding was a missionary to the Nez Perce Indians
and founder of Lapwai Mission near the mouth of the Clearwater
River, Idaho. In this vicinity Spalding collected a good many
plants which are in the Gray Herbarium. Most of them are labeled
" Clearwater, Oregon," but inasmuch as a number of them have not
since been found near Lapwai it is not improbable that they were col
lected elsewhere. Spakling traveled quite extensively in the course
of his labors, and doubtless gathered some of his specimens at other
places than Clearwater, as, indeed, some few of the labels indicate.
His notes on the Indian food plants are most interesting and often
quite detailed. According to the testimony of his son, the late H. H.
Spalding, the specimens were largely gathered by his mother.
LYALL.
Dr. David Lyall was the surgeon and botanist attached to the In-
ternational Boundary Survey. His work, so far as it relates to
Washington, was during the years 1858 to 18G0, inclusive. During
1858 he made collections on Vancouver Island and on the smaller
islands and the mainland near the forty-ninth parallel. In 1859 the
western slopes of the Cascades near the boundary were explored. In
1860 the surveyors went up the Columbia, dividing at The Dalles
into two parties. One party, which Lyall accompanied, traveled in
a northerly direction, past Fort Simcoe, across the Naches and other
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 17
tributaries of the Yakima, thence over the Wenache Mountains to
the Cokimbia, which was reached just below the mouth of the Wena-
che. From here the party followed the Columbia and Okanogan to
Lake Osoyoos. Following up the Similkameen and Ashnola the
party formed a camp at 1,670 meters (5,480 feet) elevation on the
boundary, where they remained some time.
The other party proceeded to Fort Walla Walla and thence north-
ward, crossing the Snake at the mouth of the Palouse and joassing
Rock Lake on the route to Fort Colville. T^e collections of this
party were made by John Buttle, but the specimens seem all to be
credited to Lyall. During the year 1860 the survey. was completed
nearly to the Idaho line.
Lyall's account of his botanical observations is brief, but very inter-
esting. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray Herbarium.
JEFFREY.
John Jeffrey, a Scotch botanist, was sent out by some patrons to
collect the seeds of plants of horticultural interest in the i-egion
traversed by Douglas, " to complete his researches, and to extend them
into those parts of the country not fully explored by him." Jeffrey
was at Fort Colville May 13, 1851, reaching that point from the
northward. During this season he spent much of the time in north-
ern Washington and adjacent British Columbia. Late in the season
he was on Mount Baker. In May of the following year Jeffrey was
at Fort Nisqually, and during June and July at Fort Vancouver.
His remaining explorations were all southward-
Very little is known of Jeffrey's specimens, as none exist in Ameri-
can herbaria, and but little has been published concerning them.
COOPER.
Dr. J. G. Cooper collected in various portions of Washington
from 1853 till 1855, in connection with the Stevens Survey of the
forty-eighth parallel. An annotated list of his plants, including
also some collected by Dr. George Gibbs and Dr. G. Suckley, is pub-
lished in the Pacific Railroad Reports, volume 12, part 2.
COLLECTORS SINCE 1860.
Among botanical collectors since 1860 none has done more to
explore the flora of the State than Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen,
who for twenty-five years past has been an assiduous student of plants.
His most important collections have been made in Klickitat County,
but he has gathered much material also in Spokane and Whatcom
counties, and elsewhere. Sets of his plants are in all the principal
29418—06 M 2
18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARTUM.
herbaria, while his private collection is among the best -in the North-
west.
Mr. Thomas Howell, whose long and extensive labors have mainly
been limited to Oregon, has nevertheless collected nnicli in Washing-
ton, especially in the counties bordering on the Columbia. Mr.
HowelFs herbarium is now in the possession of the Oregon State
University, but sets of his plants are widely distributed. A con-
siderable collection of Klickitat County plants was also made by Mr.
Joseph Howell.
Professor L. F. Henderson, who has also collected much in Oregon,
gathered rich material in the Olympic Mountains in 1890, and in
1892 traveletl over nuich of the State to make a collection for the
Columbian AVorld's P^air. This is now in the State University at
Seattle. Professor Henderson's private herbarium, one of the most
complete in its representation of North Pacific plants, was unfor-
nately burned in the recent fire that destroyed the main building of
the University of Idaho.
Mr. T. S. Brandegee, Mr. Frank Tweedy, and Prof. E. AV. Hilgard
w^ere associated with the North Transcontinental Survey organized
in connection with the Northern Pacific Railway under Villard's
presidency. In connection with this work extensive collections were
made, especially by Brandegee, in Walla Walla, Yakima, and Kitti-
tas counties. The best set of these plants is in the Canby Herbarium,
now in the New York College of Pharmacy.
Dr. Sereno Watson visited Washington in 1880 in connection with
the Tenth Census Survey of the forests. He made small collections
at Yakima Pass, Lake Chelan, Fort Colville, and Spokane. The
specimens are in the Gray Herbarium.
Charles A. llannn collected a small set of plants in 1883 in Spokane
County, which were sent to Doctor Gray.
Mr. George H. Vasey made extensive collections for the Department
of Agriculture in 1889, principally in Yakima, Kittitas, and King
counties.. Sets of his plants are in the principal herbaria. His
specimens, unfortunately, lack data regarding their exact placa of
collection.
Mr. F. Binns collected plants from 1888 to 1890 about Port Ludlow,
and sent them to the Gray Herbarium.
Rev. Ernest C. Smith botanized in the vicinity of Seattle in 1889
and 1890, in the latter year making collections on Mount Rainier.
Dr. E. L. Greene collected in 1889 about Clealum, Yakima, and on
Mount Rainier,
Mr. J. M. Grant sent a few plants to the Gray Herbarium, col-
lected in the Olympic Mountains in 1889.
Mrs. Susan Tucker made collections near Cheney in 1889, and again
in 1903.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 19
Prof. E. R. Lake and Mr. W. R. Hull collected in 1892 in the Blue
Mountains, and later in Douglas and Chelan counties.
Messrs. Sandberg and Leiberg, collecting for the Department of
Agriculture, botanized along the Great Northern Railway from
Spokane to the summit of the Cascade Mountains in 1893. Their
collections are very large and valuable. During the preceding year
these same botanists, together with Dr. D. T. MacDougal and Mr.
A. A. Heller, collected in Latah and Nez Perce counties, Idaho, inci-
dentally gathering plants at a few adjacent points in Washington.
Prof. J. B. Flett has been active in studying the flora of the State
since 1895. He has made extensive collections in the Olympic Moun-
tains, on Mount Rainier, about Tacoma, in Island County, and in
the Mount Adams region.
Mr. O. D. Allen during the year 1895, and subsequently, has pre-
pared exquisite sets of specimens from the region about Mount
Rainier. His plants are in all the leading herbaria.
Mr. A. D. E. Elmer botanized in 1896 in AMiitman County; in
1897 in Okanogan and Kittitas counties; in 1898 about Mount Stuart,
and in 1900 in Clallam County. His specimens are in many herbaria.
Prof. R. M. Horner made fine sets of the plants of the Blue Moun-
tains in 1896 and 1897. A complete set of his plants is in the
National Herbarium.
Mr. N. L. Gardner collected in 1897 and 1898, mainly about
Coupeville.
Mr. M. W. Gorman secured a fine set of plants in the Washington
Forest Reserve in 1897 for the National Herbarium. He has also
collected in Klickitat County and elsewhere.
Mr. F. H. Lamb collected in 1897 in the little known region north-
ward from Grays Harbor. Several herbaria have sets of his plants.
Mr. A. A. Heller made sets of specimens in 1898 from the vicinity
of Montesano. They have been distributed to the leading herbaria.
Mr. Kirk Whited has for several years past made large collections
in Kittitas and Chelan counties, adding much to the knowledge of
that interesting region.
Mr. John S. Cotton has made very extensive collections in central
Washington since 1900, mostly in Yakima County. In 1902 he col-
lected in company with Dr. David Griffiths.
Mr. Frank O. Kreager collected sets of plants in Stevens and Spo-
kane counties in 1903, and the flora of the same region has been
further explored by Prof. R. K. Beattie and Ronald Chapman in
1904.
Mr. H. C. Conrad made valuable collections in 1903 on the Quin-
ault Indian Reservation of Chehalis County.
Dr. Ruhn, U. S. Army, gathered specimens about Muckleshoot
Prairie, King County, and sent them to Doctor Gray. The labels
bear no dates.
20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUMS
Others have made smaller collections of plants in the State. Their
names appear in association with the specimens they gtithered.
The writer's personal observations and collections have been made
in many i)arts of the State. Especially extensive collections were
made about Seattle, 1885-1892; Mount Rainer, 1888 and 1895;
Olympic Mountains, 1890 and 1895; Union City, 1890; rullman and
vicinity, 1893-1903; Blue Mountains, 1896. The earliest of those
collections are in the herbarium of the State University at Seattle;
the remainder are at Pullman, in the State College of Washington.
The herbarium of the State College, wdiich more than any other is
the basis of this work, contains about 40,000 sheets of Washington
plants, including very full sets of the Washington collections of
Howell, Henderson, Suksdorf , Vasey, Sandberg and Leiberg, (jrorman,
Flett, Whited, Horner, Lake and Hull, Allen, Elmer, Gardner,
Lamb, Heller, Cotton, Cotton and Griffiths, Kreager, Mrs. L. A.
Bouck, Beattie and Chapman, and Conard. A nearly complete set
of the writer's own collections, including the types of his new species,
is deposited in the National Herbarium.
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.
The accompanying relief map (PI. II) will render clear the prin-
cipal physiographic features of the State of Washington. It nuiy
conveniently be considered to be made up of seven regions, namely,
the Pacific Coastal Plain, the Olympic Mountains, the Puget Sound
Basin, the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia Basin, the Okanogan
Highlands, and the Blue Mountains.
THE PACIFIC COASTAL PLAIN.
This is a narrow strip of land in immediate proximity to the Pa-
cific Ocean and the Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is watered by
numerous short streams from the Olympic Mountains and from the
low Coast Mountains in Chehalis and Pacific counties. The largest
stream, the Chehalis River, rises in the Cascade Mountains, and its
valley connects the coastal plain with the Puget Sound Basin.
The formation of most of the land is quite similar to that of the
Puget Sound Basin, described below. The distinctive features are,
first, the low strip of sandy land, seldom over a mile wide, formed
by the inland drifting of the s ocean sand; second, the steep rocky
bluffs which face the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River and
in a few places near Cape Flattery, and third, the coastal plain
proper. This region is characterized by having a very great rainfall,
ranging from 200 to 300 centimeters (80 to 120 inches) annually.
Contr. Nat Herb., Vol. XI.
'J O
Plate II.

2-<r.
Cor.tr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate III.
Characteristic Vegetation of the Bluffs along Puget Sound.
The conspifwous plants are goatslK-arrl ( .\riiiicns anincus) in tlio center, with thimbleberry
(KubtiN i)arviflorns) on tlie right, wormwood (Artemisia suksdorlii) beneath, and Peta-
sites specio.sa in the lower corner at the left.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 21
THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS.
This is an almost circular group of mountains, which occupies
much of Clallam, Jefferson, Mason, and Chehalis counties. The
mountains are quite isolated. They consist of numerous peaks, vary-
ing in height from 1,800 to over 2,300 meters (6,000 to 7,500 feet),
the highest being Mount Olympus, altitude 2,638 meters (8,131 feet).
Owing to their isolated position the drainage from these mountains
is in all directions, but the largest streams flow into the Pacific Ocean.
Nearly all the streams head in small glaciers.
These mountains are very difficult of exploration, and their geol-
ogy is but little known. The peaks consist, for the most part, at least,
of a laminated igneous rock which dips at a very steep angle, so that
the summits of the ridges and peaks are often exceedingly narrow,
not rarely indeed being hollowed out beneath by the falling rock.
The age of these rocks is unknown.
The streams have all worn very deep gorges along their courses
almost to the center of the mountains. This is due, perhaps, more
to the soft character of the rock fhan to the lapse of a great period of
time. This fact, however, renders it exceedingly difficult, and often
impossible, to pass from one dividing ridge to another.
Owing to the circumstance of these mountains standing first in the
path of the moist Pacific winds the precipitation of rain and snow is
very great. In exceptional seasons some of the glaciers may be of
annual duration only. Such a glacier may disappear entirely by
the end of the summer, the snowfall of the succeeding winter being
sufficient to form it again.
The Olympics are really a portion of the coast system of mountains,
isolated, owing to the fact that the portion of the system in south-
west Washington consists only of hills which rise to little over 300
meters in height, through which the Chehalis River forms a broad
gap. The portion of the system to the northward is widely severed
by the Straits of Juan de Fuca.
THE PUGET SOUND BASIN.
This term is applied to the broad valley lying between the coast
system of mountains and the Cascades. It has an average breadth
of about 80 kilometers (50 miles) . Much of the central portion of the
basin near the head of Puget Sound is comparatively flat, and less
than 30 meters above sea level. Along the greater portion of the
Sound the shores rise abruptly, often in bluffs 30 meters high (PI.
Ill), thence sloping more or less gently into hills 90 to 200 meters
high or more. The basin proper may conveniently be limited for our
purpose by the 700-meter (2,300-foot) contour line.
fc
22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
In its late geological history the region was covered by great glacial
deposits derived mainly from the adjacent mountains. These de-
posits consist of clay, gravel, or sand, often somewhat stratified.
Pure deposits of each 30 meters thick or more are common. The
total thickness of the glacial deposit has been estimated at from
150 to 300 meters.
The whole region is densely timbered with the exception of a
series of small gravelly plains. These are largest and most abundant
in the central part of the basin, but similar ones occur near Van-
couver, and on Whidby and other islands. Likewise the tips of
many of the points projecting into Puget Sound have the same
gravelly soil, accompanied by a characteristic flora and faima. These
gravelly prairies are plainly formed by flowing water, and are gen-
erally considered to be deposited by post-glacial streams. Very
similar prairies occur along the Willamette Valley. They form, in-
deed, an interrupted series from the middle part of that valley north-
ward to Vancouver Island. Owing to the very gravelly soil of these
prairies, they partake of a semiarid conditicm. Indeed, the flora
contains many species identical with those of eastern Washington.
The drainage of the basin is mainly into Puget Sound, the princi-
pal rivers coming from the Cascades, but the Cowlitz River and
various smaller streams in the extreme southern part of the basin,
flow into the Columbia.
These streams for the main part originate in glaciers, and all of
them have formed rather narrow valleys largely of glacial detritus.
THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS.
These mountains vary in breadth from 100 to 125 kilometers (80
to 100 miles) , traversing the State in a course a little easterly of a true
north direction. The altitude of the main uplift varies from 1,800
to 2,100 meters (0,000 to 7,000 feet). The important peaks which
conspicuously exceed this altitude are Mount Baker, in Whatcom
County, altitude 3,335 meters (10,825 feet) ; Glacier Peak, Snoho-
mish County, said to be 3,214 meters (10,43G feet) high; Mount
Stuart, Kittitas County, 2,903 meters high (9,479 feet) ; Mount
Rainier, on the dividing line of Pierce and Thurston counties, the
highest peak of the Cascade system, 4,475 meters high (14,530 feet)
;
Mount Adams, Klickitat County, altitude 3,819 meters (12,401 feet),
and Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, 2,947 meters high (9,570
feet) . These tall peaks are all capped with perpetual snow, and rise
far above the limits of ordinary plant life. With the exception of
Glacier Peak and Mount Stuart they are all volcanic cones.
The Cascade Mountains form the most important topographical
feature of the State as affecting the distribution of plant life. The
prevailing southwest winds from the Pacific are by them deprived
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 23
of most of their moisture, the result being that the region to the east-
ward is not only much drier, even to semidesert conditions in limited
areas, but also much warmer in summer. The plants and animals
adapted to such conditions are necessarily very different, as a rule,
from those that thrive in the moist region to the westward.
It is very clear that the Cascades serve as a barrier, primarily
because of the difference in humidity eastward and westward which
they occasion, and not because of their altitude. Many of the passes
over these mountains are but a little over 1,000 meters in altitude, not
Fufficiently high even in this period to prevent many plants from
migrating through, especially in the wake of forest fires. As a matter
of fact the rainfall influences the vegetation for a considerable dis-
tance down the eastern slopes of the mountains, the flora of the main
range down to about 1,000 meters altitude being largely composed of
species of the coast region.
In Washington proper no stream traverses the Cascade Mountains,
but on the southern border is the great gap through which the
Columbia River flows. This enormous gorge gives rise to peculiar
local conditions, which find marked expression in the flora. Through
this gap, too, the coastal flora, aided by the prevailing upstream
humid winds, penetrates farther eastward than usual. Still, at the
village of \\'Tiite Salmon there is an unmistakable dividing line
between the humid and the semiarid floras.
Nearly all of the many streams that arise in the Cascades flow
through deep gorges, once occupied by glaciers. Indeed, many of the
streams, especially those heading about the higher peaks, still find
their birth in glaciers.
The Cascade range north of the forty-seventh parallel is composed
largely of granite and other metamorphic rocks. Mount Rainier and.
the entire range southward to its extremity in northern California is
on the contrary almost entirely made up of volcanic rocks. Recent
investigations in the geology of these mountains disclose in part a
very complex history, but indicate that the principal uplift took place
either in late Pliocene or early Pleistocene time, and subsequent to the
great outpourings of lava that make up most of the region between
the Cascades and the Rockies.
From a biological point of view the changes brought about by the
Cascade uplift w^ere profound. Undoubtedly it transformed the
climate of the region to the eastward from one relatively moist to one
distinctly arid, and at the same time increased greatly the humidity
of the region to the westward. This climatic change, particularly in
the interior, must have been accompanied by a correspondingly great
change in the flora. The peculiar make-up of the Columbia Basin
flora of the present time indicates with more or less clearness some of
the resultant effects of the Cascade uplift.
24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE OKANOGAN HIGHLANDS.
These mountains occupy the northeast portion of the State, includ-
ing most of Stevens and Ferry counties. To the southward they pass
gradually into the Columbia Plains. To the westward they are
naturally limited by the Okanogan River.
The Okanogan Highlands consist mainly of gently rounded hills,
rising into peaks 1,500 to 2,000 meters high, (Tcologically they are
similar to the northern part of the Cascades, and are composed largely
of granite. The vegetation is nearly identical with that of the eastern
slope of the Cascades. These mountains and those of British
Columbia connect the Cascade system with the Rocky Mountain
system in Idaho. In consonance with the markedly similar conditions
of soil and climate it is not surprising that a number of species of the
coast region occur through these mountains and in north Idaho.
IHE COLUMBIA PLAINS.
The greater portion of eastern Washington is covered by an im-
mense mass of basalt, of an average thickness of at least 1,300 meters.
This mass is the result of a series of lava overflows which involved
not only eastern Washington but also great portions of eastern Oregon
and Idaho, covering in all an area of over 500,000 square kilometers
(200,000 square miles). Geologically this is known as the Coluuibia
River basalt. It covered in Washington all of the region south of
the Okanogan Highlands and extended westward from the Bitter-
roots nearly to the present crest of the Cascade Mountains and
beyond this at least in Clarke and Cowlitz counties. The canyon
walls of Snake River and other streams indicate a number of succes-
sive overflows, at least ten, between some of which sufficient time
elapsed for soil to form and forests to grow. The remains of the
latter appear either as charcoal embedded in the soil of old lake bot-
toms, or else as silicified trunks, these often remaining in their origi-
nal vertical positions.
Originally the surface of the lava appears to have been approxi-
mately level, but subsequent to the last great overflow a large lake or
else a series of lakes existed in Yakima, Douglas, Klickitat, and
Franklin counties as well as in adjacent Oregon. This was Lake
John Day. Whether this lake merely filled a basin formed beyond
the heads of the last lava flows, or whether it was formed through
the sinking of the surface concomitantly with the commencement of
the uplifting of the Cascade and Blue mountains is not clear.
The deposits formed in the bottoms of Lake John Day consist of
soft sandstone and conglomerates which have largely been removed
by subsequent erosion. The light, ashy soils formed from these de-
posits are very different from the heavy clay loam formed by the
disintegration of basalt.
^^
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate IV.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASHTNGTON. 25
In some of the John Day rocks remains of plants and animals
are found which long since have become extinct. These belong to
Miocene-Tertiary time and indicate the existence of a rich and varied
flora, strikingly different from that which occupies the region to-day.
The surface of the Columbia River basalt averages about 700 meters
in elevation. Subsequent to its formation occurred the uplifting of
the Cascade and Blue mountains. Since that time the geological
history of the region has been mainly one of erosion.
Owing to the soft character of the basalt the principal rivers have
worn great canyons in it along their courses. Thus Snake River
where it enters the State flows in a tremendous gorge 600 meters
deep, this gradually lessening to the westward. Where this river
cuts through the Blue Mountains between Washington and Idaho it
exposes 1,300 meters of basalt rock, which is supposed to represent
about the original thickness of the combined lava overflows.
The Columbia River for a great portion of its course has followed
close to the line of contact between the basalt and the older granitic
rocks. In places its canyon is almost as impressive as that of Snake
River.
Besides the canyons now occupied by streams, there are many
others, the abandoned courses of ancient rivers, called coulees. The
most notable of these are Grand Coulee (PI. IV) and Moses Coulee in
Douglas County, 200 to 300 meters deep. These two coulees were
originally enormous cracks in the basalt, and have since been greatly
eroded. The bottom of the first named is occupied by a nearly contin-
;ious chain of lakes.
The glacial period has left but small traces of its work in eastern
Washington outside of the mountains. During this time the canyons
of the Snake River and the Columbia were filled to a depth of about
100 meters with gravel, most of which has since been removed. The
upper Spokane Valley is, however, still composed of such glacial
detritus. No evidence of glaciation exists, however, on the surface of
the basalt plateau, excepting in the northern part of Douglas County,
where glaciers crossed the Columbia, thus blocking it and causing
the waters to find a temporary new channel through the Grand
Coulee.
Apparently the gorge of the Columbia River through the Cascade
Mountains was blocked at this same time, resulting in the formation
of a great glacial lake, called Lake Lewis. This seems to have occu-
pied practically the same area as its ancient predecessor. Lake John
Day. Except for ill-defined beaches at an elevation of 420 meters and
occasional erratic bowlders scattered over Yakima and Douglas coun-
ties and doubtless dropped by icebergs, there is little left to show the
existence of this lake.
26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
For the most part the Cohimbia River hiva completely covered up
all of the older rocks over which it flowed, these being seen only as
they are revealed in the river canyons. Exceptions to this appear in
peaks which were too high to be overwhelmed, as in the cases of
Steptoe and Kamiak buttes in AMiitman County, together with many
others less conspicuous. Steptoe Butte is a granitic cone projecting
about 500 meters above the surrounding basalt and, being completely
isolated, is a notable landmark. To designate such isolated buttes, of
which there are many, Russell has proposed the term steptoe^ after
the name of this striking example. A steptoe is " an island of granite
in a sea of basalt." Kamiak butte near Pullman is composed
largely of quartzite.
THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
The Blue Mountains in extreme southeastern Washington and ad-
jacent Oregon, represent a great uplift of basalt surrounding a
central mass of gi'anite peaks. The portion of these mountains in
Washington is composed wholly of basalt, elevated to over 2,000
meters. -
The granitic peaks in the central part of the mountains, the so-
called Powder River Mountains in Oregon, rise to an altitude of
about 8,000 meters, and form the greatest "steptoe" in the whole
Columbia Basin.
CLIMATE.
The data here presented are compiled from the reports of the
United States Weather Bureau. The observing stations are all
located at places of relatively low altitude, and the accurate data
therefore relate wholly to the portions of the State which lie in the
Transition and Upper Sonoran areas.
PRECIPITATION.
The following table gives the normal annual rainfall of each of
the Weather Bureau stations together with the length of the period
over which full records are available:
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 27
Rainfall records.
Station.
Aberdeen
Aiiacortes
Ashford .
Bellingham
Blaine
Bremerton . .
.
Brinnon
Cedonia .
Centralia
Cheney
Clearbrook
Clearwater
Clealum
Colfax
Colville
Conconully
Coupeville
Crescent
Danville . . . . _
Dayton
East Sound
Ellensburg . _
Ephrata
Fort Siincoe
Grand Mound
Granite Falls
Hooper
Horse Heaven
Hunters
La Center
Lakeside
Lind
Loomis
Lyle
Mayfield
Mottinger's Ranch
Mount Pleasant . .
Moxee
Neah Bay
Northhead
Northport
Olga
Olympia . _
Pasco ...
Pomeroy
Port Crescent
Port Townsend
Pullman
Republic
. Ritzville
_
Rosalia
Seattle
Sedro Woolley
Silvana
Snohomish
! noqualmie Falls .
.
South Ellensburg.
Kouth Bend
Spokane
Sprague
Altitude in
feet.
163
75
775
60
75
15
80
000
212
351
140
135
930
300
635
150
78
150
749
450
577
265
400
162
397
083
250
985
,700
,200
600
300
307
650
,000
50
950
50
15
360
500
259
80
500
628
825
300
123
38
35
50
667
570
16
913
908
Length
of record
in years.
14
11
8
10
8
4
6
11
11
6
12
9
6
12
5
5
9
5
1
16
10
17
1
15
9
5
3
1
5
8
14
8
7
12
9
5
5
13
20
1
6
15
27
1
9
10
15
13
5
6
13
14
8
10
11
4
11
9
24
6
Average
annual pre-
cipitation
in inches.
88. 55
29.41
71.81
31.93
43.91
53. 60
76.15
20.39
46.41
17.14
47.11
131.01
28.73
23. 96
17.47
16.20
22.49
18.67
13.97
24.86
31.72
9.52
6.03
9.30
52. 60
60.07
13.11
8.92
20.38
51.26
12. 63
11.75
13.69
25.11
65.90
9.34
59.39
8.79
109. 37
50.53
19.41
30.60
55.11
5.74
19.56
46.28
21.16
22.77
20.23
7.01
20.89
35: 90
48.94
36. 43
46.64
64.76
9.29
92.09
18.23
15.11
28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RainfuU rccorils—Continued.
Station.
Sunnyside
Tacoma
Tatoosh . . _
_.
Trinidad
-
Twin
Twisp
Union City
Usk-
Vancouver
Vashon Island .
.
Walla Walla ---
Waterville
Wenache
Whatcom
Wilbur
Zindel
Lewiston. Idaho
Ariington, Oreg
The Dalles. Oreg
Umatilla. Oreg
Astoria, Oreg
Altitude in Length
of record
in years.
764 10
213 19
86 20
900 1
6 2
1,619 1
10 11
2,050 5
50 31
110 16
1,000 19
2,624 15
1,169 6
60 9
2,203 6
715 3
757
855
11
14
12
340
80
17
50 45
Average
annual pre-
cipitation
in inches.
6.63
44.63
93. 78
6. 05
66. 50
18.50
83.41
24.80
38.74
41.56
16.77
13.30
15.52
31.93
16.20
17.67
13.82
9.11
15.09
8.84
87. 41,
The rainfall map (PI. V) is based mainly on the above records,
but over mountainous regions where no records have been made
ihe lines drawn are based on topography. Owing to the great vari-
ation in rainfall caused by mountains and to a less extent by deep
canyons, which often make great differences within small areas, the
rainfall map is drawn on broad lines. Enough is known of these
local differences in rainfall caused by topography to make it certain
that an accurate map of Washington to show these smaller differ-
ences would be a very complex affair.
The larger differences in the normal annual precipitation are
clearly shown by the map. As a whole, western Washington has a
heavy rainfall while that of eastern AVashington is light. The coast
region has the greatest precipitation, heaviest on the western slope
of the Olympic Mountains. The region immediately to the north-
east of these mountains has a correspondingly light rainfall. No
satisfactory records are available for the precipitation in the higher
parts of the Cascade Mountains. Presumably it is between 70 and
J)0 inches.
In eastern Washington perhaps the most striking feature is the
suddenness with which the precipitation decreases east of the crest of
the Cascades.
The area over which the rainfall is less than 10 inches is practically
identical with the Upper Sonoran life area.
As compared with the rest of the United States the narrow strip
immediately along the ocean has the maximum amount of rainfall,
Contr. Nat. Herb. Vol. XI. Plate V.

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 29
approached only by that of the regions about Mobile, Ala., and Cape
Hatteras, N. C. The rainfall of the Puget Sound Basin as a whole
is but slightly in excess of that of the Atlantic coast States, but it
shows wide variation within short distances. The greater part of
eastern Washington coincides as regards total rainfall with the upper
Mississippi Valley.
A noticeable peculiarity of the Washington rains, particularly in
the western part of the State, is their gentleness. They are rarely
accompanied either by winds or by lightning. Perhaps 90 per cent
of the rains consist of gentle drizzles, locally characterized as " Ore-
gon mists."
A most striking feature of the rainfall is the very low amount of
precipitation during the summer months. This has given rise to a
distinction between a " dry " or summer season and a " wet " or winter
season, though in reality the wet season includes much of the spring
in all parts of the State, and also of the fall, particularly in western
Washington.
A prolonged " dry " season naturally entails drought, which may
be marked even in the humid western portion of the State. In east-
ern Washington such droughts have occasionally caused severe injury
to crops.
The significance of this dry season is rendered more clear by com-
parison. If we except the Vancouver strip, all of the United States
west of the Rocky Mountains has normally less than 3 inches of rain-
fall during July, August, and September, an amount lower for these
months than any other part of the country. For eastern Washington,
as a whole, the rainfall of these three months averages about 2 inches.
The normal annual rainfall for the Vancouver strip during the
three summer months is less than G inches, thus coinciding with that
of the area between the one hundredth meridian and the Rocky
Mountains.
SUNSHINE AND CLOUDINESS.
The average number of clear days in western Washington for the
years 1902-1904 was, respectively, 120, 127, and 117; of partly cloudy
days, 92, 100, and 80; of cloudy days, 153, 148, and 159. As might be
expected in conformity with the wide variation in rainfall, the
extremes depart considerably. The smallest numbers of clear days
were, respectively, 5G, 42, and 48 ; the largest, 171, 174, and 174.
In eastern Washington for the same years the clear days totaled,
respectively, 146, 153, and 178 ; the partly cloudy days, 92, 95, and 90;
the cloudy days, 127, 117, and 98. The largest numbers of clear days
were 207, 228, and 230. The smallest records for the same years were
07, 77, and 85.
30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
If the records are considered separately for the stations located
within the line of 10 inches of rainfall the average number of clear
days for these same years is 166, 168, and 193.
These data show very clearly that eastern Washington has much
more sunshine than western Washington, and also that in the region
of less than 10 inches rainfall, which closely coincides with the
Upper Sonoran area, the amount of sunshine is considerably greater
than for the average of eastern Washington.
The following percentages are based on the normal sunshine map
of the United States Weather Bureau : The least amount of sunshine
is in the very humid region, which has over 90 inches of annual rain-
fall. Less than 40 per cent of the days here are clear, a low percent-
age equaled in the United States only on the upper peninsula of
Michigan, in northern New York, and in northern New England.
In the region of less than 10 inches rainfall over one-half of the
days of the year are clear, thus corresponding in general with the
broad basins of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys and with the
Southern States. The remainder of the State has from 40 to 50 per
cent of the days clear, resembling in this respect the region of the
Ohio Valley northward and eastward.
TEMPERATURE.
WESTERN WASHINGTON.
Temperature records of the United States Weather Bureau are
available for over 30 stations in western Washington, all located
in the Humid Transition area, for periods varying from one year to
thirty years. The nomial annual mean temperature based on these
records is 49.3° F. The same average for each of the 30 stations
shows the lowest to be Port Crescent, 46.6°, and the highest to be
Vancouver, 52°. The normal monthly mean temperatures of the
same stations vary as follows
:
Temperature data for Humid Transition area.
Month.
January
.
February
March . .
April
May.
June
Degrees F.
35 to 40
37 to 43
38 to 46
45 to 51
50 to 58
54 to 62
Month.
July
August ...
September
October . .
.
November
December
Degrees P.
56 to 66
56 to 66
53 to 60
47 to 53
38 to 46
34 to 43
The highest temperature ever recorded at any of these stations is
100°; the lowest is— 2°.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 31
As regards temperature then the climate of this region is remark-
ably equable, without marked extremes in either summer or winter.
The region in immediate proximity to the ocean has the coolest sum-
mer, and the extreme winter temperatures have never reached zero.
EASTERN WASHINGTON.
The records of the United States Weather Bureau concern nearly
forty different stations in eastern Washington for periods of from
one to twenty-three years. Fifteen of these stations lie within the
Upper Sonoran area, the remainder within the Arid Transition. The
Upper Sonoran stations are Ellensburg, Ephrata, Kennewick, Lind,
Mottinger's Ranch, Moxee, Odessa, South Ellensburg, Sunnyside,
Trinidad, Walla Walla, Wenache, and Zindel. The normal annual
mean temperature for the whole region is 48.7° ; for the Arid Transi-
tion stations alone it is 45.9° ; and for the Upper Sonoran stations it
is 51.3°.
The normal monthly mean temperatures for the stations located in
the Arid Transition are as follows
:
Temperature data, for Arid Transition area.
Month.
January.
February
March
April
May
June
Degrees F.
21 to 34
25 to 38
30 to 43
43 to 52
51 to 58
55 to 65
Month.
July
August
September
October
November
December.
Degrees F.
G2 to 72
02 to 74
51 to 63
44 to 55
32 to 42
25 to 36
The highest temperature recorded at these stations is 105°, the
lowest is —32°.
The corresponding data for the stations located in the Upper
Sonoran area are as follows
:
Temperature data for Upper Sonoran area.
Month.
January-
February
March
April
May
June
Degrees F.
25 to 37
25 to 39
39 to 49
48 to 55
55 to 63
59 to 71
Month.
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
Degreas F.
65 to 77
66 to 75
56 to 64
36 to 43
28 to 38
47 to 57
The maximum temperature ever observed at any of the above
stations is 113° ; the minimum is—30°. ^
32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
As regards temperature, eastern Washington while having a normal
annual mean but slightly lower than that of Avestern Washington,
has much greater extremes, being decidedly colder in winter and
w armer in summer. The Upper Sonoran area as compared with the
Arid Transition is several degrees warmer.
A notable feature of the temperature of Washington, in conformity
with much of the region west of the Rocky Mountains, is the great
variation of temperature between day and night, especially in sum-
mer. It is emphatically a region of cool nights, where one can ap-
preciate blankets at night throughout the year. These cool nights
are least marked in the Upper Sonoran area, and it nuiy, indeed,'bo
found that this factor is an important one in limiting the range of
Upper Sonoran plants.
These cool nights naturally indicate late frosts in spring and early
ones in autumn. In western Washington such killing frosts are not
unusual up to April 15, and rarely a month later. Except in the
warmest portions of eastern Washington killing frosts occur not
uncommonly up to June 1, and infrequently three weeks later.
The first autumnal frosts in western Washington occur as early as
the middle of September or as late as the middle of November;
rarely they may be delayed until December. The dates are much the
same for eastern Washington.
WINDS.
The most prevalent winds are from the southeast, and are u»sually
accompanied by rain. East of the Cascade Mountains they are
known as cMnooks. This term is usually applied only to the winds
that blow in the winter months, but there seems no proper i-eason to
distinguish such from similar winds during the remainder of the
year. The winter chinooks are commonly Avarm winds, accompanied
or immediately followed by heavy rains ; rarely they are cold and dry.
The wet chinooks are in eastern Washington remarkable chiefly
for the rapid rising of the temperature which they occasion.
These winds are often quite severe. This is j)articularly true of
the occasional southwest winds which occur in summer, which in
eastern Washington usually assutne the form of dust storms. Such
storms may cause much destruction.
The only other winds deserving of special mention are those which
sometimes occur in eastern Washington during the summer months,
blowing from the north or northeast. These winds are gentle but
exceedingly dry, and are therefore capable of causing great damage
to growing crops. For this reason they are much feared in the agri-
cultural districts.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 33
THE ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WASHINGTON PLANTS.
That there are physical causes which profoundly influence the dis-
tribution of plants no one who has crossed the State of Washington
from east to west can for a moment question. The contrast between
the treeless bunchgrass prairies and sage plains of eastern Washing-
ton and the luxuriant coniferous forests of western Washington is
too striking to overlook. In this particular case the principal factor
is one of humidity, the Puget Sound region possessing a notably
moist climate, while that of the Columbia Basin is markedly arid.
A similar change of vegetation may be witnessed in the ascent of
any of our higher mountain peaks. As elevation increases the famil-
iar lowland plants disai:)pear and different ones j^resent themselves,
AAhich in turn give way at high altitudes to still others. The mc.-:t
marked of these changes is that where the timber ceases and the
alpine meadows present their charming carpet of flowers. Here the
changes are due manifestly not to differences in humidity, but to les-
sened temperature, a conclusion emphasized by the fact that mrny of
these alpine plants are the identical species which occur in arctic
regions.
Heat and moisture are undoubtedly the principal physical factors
upon which the distribution of plants depend. A third factor may
1)6 important, even determinative, namely, the character of th« soil,
but this is much less potent than the two above named. In addition
to these physical factors only one other need be considered, the bio-
logical factor of ancestry. In general, plants inhabit the regions
where their ancestors thrived. This factor is usually continental in
its scope; thus cacti and yuccas are confined to America; eucalypti
to Australia, and lilacs to Asia. But in a similar way this same fac-
tor operates over small areas, and it is the principal cause Avhy tlie
Pacific coast flora as a whole is different from that of the Atlantic.
The existing plants are different because their immediate ancestors
were, whatever factors may have determined that.
It is not to be understood from this that all the plants which for-
merly flourished in Washington hare left descendants there. In Ter-
tiary times such plants as palms, cinnamon trees, and sequoias gi-ew
in Washington. Some of these require tropical or subtropical condi-
tions of heat; others, as the sequoias, probably have given way in
competition with more aggressive species. Nevertheless the broad
statement remains true that the present vegetation of the region o^^ es
its character in large part to similar ancestors. Th3 conditions
which make the Pacific coast the home of many peculiar genera and
species are ancestral. The heat and moisture requirements of these
plants are duplicated in other portions of the, earth, where, however,
totally different congeries of species occur. /
29418—06 M 3
34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
It is generally admitted that heat is the most potent factor in
determining the distribution of i)lants, and that in general the old
division into Arctic, Temperate, and Tropical zones approximates the
real truth. . Such zonation, depending on heat, is far more wide-
reaching than one depending mainly on moisture. While the former
gives rise primarily to Avhat we in general know as xVrctic or Trop-
ical zones, the factor of moisture determines the opposed conditions
we distinguish as arid and moist. Differences in the heat factor
are universal, resulting in the whole earth being divided into more or
less well-marked zones, corresponding in general with isothermal
lines. Differences in the moisture factor are relatively local, so
that deserts may occur in the midst of the most varied surroundings.
While the larger zones dej^ending on heat are strikingly different,
yet each passes gradually into the contiguous ones. Determination
of such zones is therefore more or less arbitrary. The scheme of life
zones, so far as North America is concerned, that has resulted from
the studies of Merriam has been generally adopted. It is as follows:
{Arctic or Arctic-Alpine zone.
Hudsonian zone.
Canadian zone.
(Alleghenian area.
Arid Transition area.
Pacific or Humid Transition area.
Austral region.- Upper Austral zone /Carolinian area.
lUpper Sonoran area.
Lower Austral zone fAustroriparian area.
iLower Sonoran area.
Tropical region fHumid Tropical area.
lArid Tropical area.
In this scheme zones are based primarily on the distribution of
plants and animals as determined by the heat factor. The subdi-
vision of the zones or areas depend mainly on the differences due to
the moisture factor. As may readily be imagined, all possible combi-
nations of these two factors occur, so that regions of mixed character
are found wherever zones or areas are contiguous. This overlapping
of contiguous zones that are usually well marked is perhaps more
pronounced in the Pacific northwest than elsewhere in North
America. It has been ascribed to the very equable temperature of
the region. In consequence of this peculiarity the determination of
the life zones in Washington, so as to coordinate them with adjacent
regions, presents unusual difficulties. Six life zones or life areas are
represented, namely, the Arctic, the Hudsonian, the Canadian, the
Humid Transition, the Arid Transition, and the Upper Sonoran.
The first-mentioned zone, the Arctic, is sharply marked, consist-
ing of the alpine flora above timber line. These alpine meadows
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATEL OF WASHINGTON. 35
correspond in conditions, and in a large i:)art in species, with the
arctic meadows north of the limit of timber.
The Upper. Sonoran area in eastern Washington is practically coex-
tensive with the distribution of the sagebrush. Agriculturally it
is the region where the commercial growing of peaches and water-
melons is practicable.
The Humid Transition, or Pacific area, includes the great forests
of red fir in western Washington. Other characteristic trees are the
giant cedar, red alder, and Oregon maple.
The Arid Transition area in eastern Washington includes two
subdivisions, a lower one—the bunchgrass prairies, and an upper
—
the yellow pine forests.
The Canadian zone has for its most characteristic tree the western
white pine. Here, too, the lodgepole pine, the western larch, and the
western hemlock are most abundant and best developed.
The Hudsonian is the zone of the subalpine fir, the Alaska cedar,
ilie black hemlock, and the white-bark pine. At their extreme limits
of altitude all of these become prostrate mats of branches.
These zones are not separated by level altitudinal lines. This may
readily be seen Avhere the Hudsonian and Arctic zones meet. The
trees of the former zone extend up the mountain sides much higher
on the ridges than in the valleys between. The dividing line is thus
a sinuate one. This has been considered by Merriam partly the result
of more and less favorable exposure to the sun's rays, and partly to air
currents, the warm currents tending to follow up the steep ridges
while the cold currents flow down in the valleys. Consequently, cer-
tain sjjecies ascend highest on the warm ridges, while others descend
farthest in the cool valleys.
Exactly similar conditions, but with the forest line reversed, are
seen at the low altitude timber line of the j^ellow pine, where this
borders on the bunchgrass prairies. The timber here descends to
much lower altitudes along valleys and draws than on the ridges ; or,
what is the converse statement of the same thing, the bunchgrass
flora ascends highest on the warm slope.
The most notable examples of the effect of slope exposure alone
are perhaps seen on high ridges, or in canyons that extend in a gen-
eral east and west direction. For example, Kamiak Butte, a bold
peak in A^Tiitman County, has nearly its entire south exposure cov-
ered by a bunchgrass flora, while the northern slope is densely tim-
bered with yellow pine and other coniferous trees. In canyons of
low altitude the sunny north wall is often timberless, while its shady
south wall is timbered.
The same fact is generally true in the case of high mountain peaks.
The corresponding zones extend relatively higher on the south or
warmer side than on the north or colder side.
36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Making due allowance for the overlapping; of the various zones,
the following approximations of their altitudinal limits in Washing-
ton may be made:
Upper Sonoran. G5 to GOO meters (200 to 1,9(K) feet).
Ilimiid Transition, to 1.2(K) nietei-s (0 to 3.8W feet).
Arid Transition, 500 to 1,3(K) meters (1,(MK) to 4,2(K) feet).
Canadian. 400 to 1.5tX) meters (1,4(X) to n.WX) feet).
Iludsonian. 1.500 to 2.100 meters (5,000 to 7.000 feet).
Arctic, 1,800 to 3,200 meters (C.OOO to 10,500 feet)..
trPPER SONORAN LIFE AREA.
This comprises the western or arid portion of the Upper Austral
life zone. It occupies much of the Columbia and Great basins, and
the lower jjortions of the Great Plains eastward to alx)ut the one
hundredth meridian. It also extends southward into Mexico at
increasing elevations along both sides of the Rocky Mountain system.
In Washington the area is confined to that portion east of the Cascade
Mountains below a contour line approximating 3(J0 meters (1,200
feet), but on southerly slopes it may extend up to 510 meters (1,700
feet), or even more.
From an agricultural standpoint this zone is that in w-hich the
connnercial culture of such crops as tomatoes, peaches, apricots, and
watermelons is possible.
In Washington the most conspicuous plant of this zone is the
sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) (PI. VI). It marks quite sharply
the limits of the Upper Sonoran zone, seldom extending into the zone
above, as it commonly does farther southward. Other characteristic,
if less abimdant, shrubs are rabbit brush {ChryHothamrms nauseosus
and C. viscidiflorus) , hop sage {Grayia spinosa), antelope brush
{Kunzia tridentata^ locally known as Jjlach sage), and, in alkaline
.situations, greasewood {Sarcohatus verwAculatus). In a few locali-
ties the sagebrush is absent, but in such cases one or more of the other
characteristic shrubs is sure to be present.
Excepting such species as are confined to the moist ground along
perennial streams, the great majority of the Upper Sonoran plants
are either shrubs or thick-rooted perennial herbs or short-lived
annuals.
There are in Washington about 500 species of plants which occur
in this life zone. Of this number 243 species occur in no other life
zone—that is, are distinctive. Furthermore, of this last element 30
species are confined in their distribution to the Columbian Basin of
Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, several of them being quite rare
and local.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate VI.

PIPEE FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 37
ORIGIN or THE UPPER SONORAN FLORA.
Some considerations regarding the origin of the Upper Sonoran
species of the Washington flora seem to justify definite conchisions.
In the geographical history of the Columbia Plains, as above outlined,
there was found, during the existence of Lake John Day in Miocene-
Tertiary time, a rich flora of subtropical aspect. Subsequent to this
time and probably not much prior to the glacial epoch, occurred the
principal uplift of the Cascade Mountains, This undoubtedly
caused profound changes in climatic conditions, particularly to the
eastward of this range, accompanied by correspondingly great
changes in the flora.
Succeeding the uplifting of the Cascade Mountains came the Gla-
cial period. During this period immense changes took place in
western Washington, but there is scarcely a trace of glacial work on
the plain of the Columbia. Nevertheless, in accord with the lower
temperatures there was probably a general southward, migration of
the plants, followed by their return on the retreat of the ice.
Of the changes which have taken place in the flora since the John
Day period to the present time there is no record preserved. In
this enormous lapse of time
—
perhaps millions of years—a forest
composed of magnolias, elms, sycamores, etc., apparently much like
that of the Lower Mssissippi in the present day, has utterly vanished
and no near relatives remain, either in the same or adjacent territory.
Inasmuch as somewhat similar subtropical forests existed in Mio-
cene time in western Washington, the causes which have led to their
extinction are more profound than such climatic changes as could bo
occasioned by the Cascade uplift and are to be sought rather in the
general causes which have lowered the temperatures of the earth's
surface.
There remains, then, but one source from which light may be
thrown on the present constitution of the flora—namely, its relation
to contiguous floras.
Such considerations naturally focus first on the physical conditions
which most likely prevailed at the close of the last great geological
cataclysm, namely, the Glacial period. The most conspicuous result
of this period of cold is perhaps the large number of Arctic species
which occur on all the higher peaks of the Cascades or stranded on
isolated mountains, as the Olympics or the Blues—a fact which ap-
pears more striking in mountains farther to the southward. How-
ever slight the effect of the Glacial period may have been in eastern
Washington, it is quite certain that the temperature was such that no
plants adapted to Upper Sonoran conditions could survive. They
were either driven southward, as were the Arctic plants, or else per-
ished. Following the retreat of the ice, the areas that then became
38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TFTE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
fitted to support an Upper Sonoran flora could have become inhab-
ited either by the northward extension of ah-eady adapted plants, or
by the gradual modification of species of a colder zone, or by both.
The evidence indicates the first method to have been the most potent.
South of the Columbia Basin are two very distinct' floral regions
—
namely, California and the Great Basin—divided by the Sierra
Nevada. It is perfectly clear that Upper Sonoran plants of the
Columbia Basin have been derived in part from each of these sources,
assuming that plants which range from California or the Great Basin
into the Columbia Basin originated in the former regions and not
vice versa. This assumption is based on considerations heretofore
discussed.
The prevailing winds of the Columbia Basin are from the south-
west. So pronounced are these winds that they have had considerable
to do with molding the hills in the entire region. Very naturally
plants would migrate quite rapidly with these very constant and at
times severe southwest winds. The natural route of the Californian
plants would be through the low gap in northeastern California
made by the Klamath River and lakes. Some few plants may have
reached the Columbia Basin by way of the Willamette Valley and
the Columbia River, but this, if true, is certainly exceptional, not
only on account of the long distance and moist region through which
these illy adapted plants would have to migrate, but from the actual
fact that few Sonoran plants reach the Willamette Valley, the Rogue
River Mountains in southwest Oregon forming a sharp and effective
barrier to them, but not to Transition plants.
The following lists of Upper Sonoran plants indicate the relative
hnportance of the Californian and Great Basin elements in Wash-
ington :
SPECIES OF CAMFOBNIA ORTOIN.
Alnus rhomhifoUa.
A phylhm comosum.
Blcpharipappiis plandulosus.
Cryptanthe siihglochldiata.
Hemizonia citriodora.
Lepidium dictyotum.
Lupin H.S microcarp us.
Microseris linearifoUa.
Oenothera strifftilosa.
Pectocarya aetoHa.
PiHcaria Hctujcra.
Puilocarph us hrevissimvs.
Ran iincniiis hrhecarpus.
Ru/iopappus IcpiocUidiift.
ThyHanncarpUH curvipes.
Tonella colHnsioides.
SPECIES OF GREAT BASIN ORIGIN.
Trees,
Celtis douglasii. f^alix amygdaloides.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 39
Shrubs.
Amelanchier utahensis.
Artemisia tridentata.
Artemisia tripartita.
Chrysothamnus nauseosus.
Ericameria nana.
Eriogon um m icrothecuni.
Eurotia Janata.
Qrayia spinosa.
Kunzia tridentata.
Ramona incana.
Rhus glabra occidentalis.
Rhus toxicodendron.
Rihcs aureum.
Rihes cereum.
Sarcohattis vermicuJatus.
Tetradymia canescens.
Herbs.
Adenostegia capitata.
Artemisia dracunculoides.
Asclepias mexicana.
Atriplex canescens.
Bergla texana.
Carex douglasii.
Castilleja pallescens.
Chaenactis douglasii.
Chorizanthe ivatsoni.
Chrysopsis villosa.
Cleonie lutca.-
Coldenia nuttallii.
Coleosan thus linlfolius.
Comandra pallida.
Corispermum hyssopifolium,
Cryptanthe pterocarya.
Dondia depressa.
Erigeron condnnus.
Erigeron divergens.
Euphorbia glyptosperma.
Qaertneria acan thicarpa.
Oaura parviflora.
Qilia leptomeria.
CHlla parviflora.
Oilia pungens hookeri.
Hymenopappus tenuifoUus.
Iva axillaris.
Iva xanthifolia.
Lactuca jmlchella.
Lappula occidentalis.
Lupinus pusillus.
Mamillaria sp.
Mollugo verticillata.
Monolepls pusilla.
'Nicotiama attenuata.
Oreocarya leucophaea.
Orobanche ludoviciana.
Orogenia linearifoUa.
Oxytheca dendroidea.
Pentstemon acum inatus.
Pentstemon deustus.
Pen ts ternon ga irdneri.
Pentstemon glaber.
Phaca inflexa.
Phacclia linearis.
Phlox longifolia.
Phragmites phragmites.
Piptocalyx circumscissa.
Psoralea lanceolata scabra.
Ptiloria paniculata.
Ptiloria tenuifolia.
Runwx venosus.
Schoenocrambe linifolia.
Sitanion hystrix.
fiolanum triflorum.
Sphaeralcea m unroana.
Sporobolus airoides.
Sporobolus aspcrifolius.
Sporobolus cryptandrus.
Streptanthus longirostris.
Stipa bloomeri.
Stipa comata.
Stipa occidentalis.
Stipa thurberiana.
Thclypodium integrifolium.
Thelypodium laciniatum.
Thelypodium nuttallii.
TrifoUum megaceph alum.
Zygadenus paniculatns.
From the foregoing lists it is evident that the greater portion of
the Upper Sonoran flora in Washington is of Great Basin origin.
The comparatively small proportion of Californian species is prob-
ably due partly to the barriers through which few plants of this zone
46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
have succeeded in passing. This is indicated by the fact that a much
larger proportional number o^ Arid Transition plants have found
their way from California into the Columbia Basin, as hereafter
shown.
There is a third element, however, in the make-up of the Upper
Sonoran flora of Washington, namely, those species which seem to
have originated in the Columbia Basin, or at least are not known
elsewhere.
SPECIES PECITI.IAR TO THE COLUMBIA BASIN.
Ahronia mcllifcra.
Antennaria flagcllaris.
Arahis ichitedii.
Arcnaria frankUnii. .
Chijitouio areuicola.
Conanth h.s parriflorus.
Erai/rostis lutcKCom.
IJrif/rron curvifoUmt.
Erigeron flUfnUus.
Erigcron linearis.
Erigeron poliosperm «.<».
Eriogon um nireum.
Eriogou um prolifcnim.
ErgKiin um occideutale.
GiJia leptomeria.
Helianthus cusickU.
LappuJa arida.
Lappula ciliata.
Leptotaenia purpurea.
Leptntaenia salmoviflora.
Lesquerella dougUi.sii.
Lomatium geyeri.
Oreocarya celosioides.
Oreocarya npiculifcra.
Pentstemon glaudulosus.
Pentxtemon pruiiiosus.
Phaca eoUiud.
Phaca diphysa.
Phaca lyaUii.
Phaca misella.
Phaca revcnta.
Phaca sclerocarpa.
Phaca sinuata.
Phaca speirocarpa.
Phacelia lenta.
Pteryxia tereViuthina.
Talin um spivexcenx.
Thelypodium .strcptanthoides.
Tonella floribunda.
Toiimsendia florifer.
Trifolium incgacephalum.
Viola trinervata.
HUMID TRANSITION ABEA.
The Pacific coast region west of the Cascade Mountains in British
Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwestern California, is
notable for its moist climate and equable temperature no less than
for the very luxuriant forests which these conditions foster. This
region has sometimes been referred to as the Northwest Coast Strip,
an unfortunate name, as the term " Northwest " has been used in too
many senses to give it accuracy. Adopting a suggestion of Mr. D. A.
Brodie, the term Vancouver Strip is here given to the region, for
which it is desirable to have a definite name in conformity with the
remarkably uniform flora and fauna which it possesses. The name
above suggested commemorates the name of the navigator who first
thoroughly explored the region and whose name has there been
attached to the largest island and to two important towns.
Much the greater portion of the Vancouver Strip belongs to the
Pacific or Humid Transition area. The most characteristic tree is

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate VII.
Forest of Red Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata).
View near Longmire, Pierce County. The smaller trees with smooth bark are cedar (Thuja
plicata). Reproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.
^o
Con+r. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate VIM.
Characteristic View in a Moist Forest.
Near Elbe, Pierce County. The white tninlfs iire alder ( Alnus oregona) and the large-leaved
shrub is devil's club (Echlnopanax horridum). In the background are hemlocks (Tsuga
heterophylla). Reproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 41
the red fir {Pseudotsnga mucronata) which in the Puget Sound region
often makes up over 90 per cent of the forest over large areas (PL
VII), and up to an altitude of 1,000 meters seldom forms a smaller
element of the total forest than 60 per cent. Nearly all of western
AVashington below the altitude mentioned possesses this character-
istic red fir type of vegetation, except a narrow strip along the
Pacific Ocean. Here the Sitka spruce {Picea sitchensis) becomes
the dominant tree, making up from 25 to 75 per cent of the forest,
while the red fir falls to 10 per cent or less. This narrow strip has
been considered as belonging to the next higher zone, the Canadian,
but for reasons hereafter expressed we would include it in the Humid
Transition.
The principal features of the vegetation of western Washington
may be discussed under the three heads of the principal types of soils,
namely, the Uplands, the Bottom Lands, and the Gravelly Prairies.
Plant associations of lesser importance, but of marked character, are
those of the seashores and of sphagnum bogs.
UPLANDS.
The vegetation of the uplands throughout the Pacific area in
Washington is a plant association in which the red fir predominates.
The size of this tree and the luxuriance of the associated plants
varies with the character of the soil, but otherwise the formation is
remarkably uniform. In forests in dry or sterile soils the commonest
undershrubs are salal {Gaultheria shallon) and Oregon grape {Ber-
heris nervosa)^ while the bracken fern {Pteridium)iii the most con-
spicuous herb. Shrubs or trees of Scouler willow {Salix scouleriana)
are also constantly associated.
In better soils the same shrubs remain, but the salal especially
becomes much more luxuriant, often forming almost impenetrable
thickets. When, however, the red fir is at its best, forming dense
forests into which the sun scarcely penetrates (PI. VIII) the salal
and Oregon grape are usually much less conspicuous. Under such
circumstances the ground is covered with a thick layer of mosses and
scattered crowns of Chamisso's shield fern {Polystichum munitum).
Among the few shrubs which thrive in such dense shade is the red
huckleberry {Vaceinium parvifoUum). Following the destruction
of a red fir forest by logging and subsequent burning, as has been too
commonly tjie case, there is a marked sequence in the plants that
appear, usually as follows: The first are nearly always the fireweed
{Epilohium spicatum) and the bracken {Pteridium). These are
closely followed by the dewberry {Ruhus macropetalus) which the
folloAving year fruits heavily and then gradually disappears. The
thimbleberry {Ruhus parviflorus) is often abundant also, as is red-
42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
flowered currant {Ribes sanguineum) . By this time the Scoiiler wil-
low is conspicuous, and in wet places the red alder {Alnus oregana).
These two trees dominate the vegetation until the young red firs
which spring up in a very dense growth have become large enough
to supersede them. The red fir is so completely the dominant tree
in the region that as a rule it quickly reforests itself whenever
destroyed.
BOTTOM LANDS.
The bottom lands of western Washington are mainly river valleys.
Less commonly they occur about lake borders or form marshes. The
commonest type of forest covering is a red alder and giant cedar asso-
ciation, which, however, is seldom pure. Rarely either one of these
trees may occupy the ground exclusively. Usually, however, there are
associated various other trees, as white fir {Abies grandis), large-
leaved maple {Acer macrophyllum) ^ Oregon ash {Fraxinus oregana)^
and Cottonwood {Populus trichocarpa.) The cottonwood often forms
groves of pure growth in the river valleys, and the maple does so
occasionally. Moisture of the soil is apparently the one factor that
favors the red alder-cedar association, which is quite as common on
springy hillsides and upland swamps as in river valleys. WHiere the
amount of soil moisture is not too great the red fir occurs sparingly,
but the individuals are often of gigantic size. In bottom lands that
are excessively wet, the alder is absent and often the cedar also. Such
lands commonly are covered by dense thickets composed of various
species of willows, western cornel {Cornus occidentalis) , crabapple
{Pyrus diversifoUa) , and vine maple {Acer circinatum). These same
species form the usual fringe along the banks of small streams flow-
ing through the forest, especially the cornel and the vine maple. In
such situations occur also various shrubs, as the devil's club {Echino-
panax horridum) which, contrary to the oft-told tale, seldom forms
dense thickets, the salmon Ijcrry {Ruhus speetahilis) , the fetid currant
{Ribes bracteosum), and the red-berried elder {Sambucus callicarpa).
GRAVELLY PRAIRIES.
The soil of these prairies, which are comparatively limited in
extent, consists mainly of fine water-worn gravel, the pebbles mak-
ing up perhaps 50 per cent, or more, of the soil. The prairies com-
monly present the appearance of a sterile pasture (PI. IX) with scat-
tered oaks {Quercus garryana) here and there, and occasional beauti-
fully symmetrical young trees of red fir. At the edges of the prairie,
where the gravelly soil ceases, a dense forest of red fir usually occu-
pies the ground, the gravelly prairie soil serving as an almost perfect
barrier to this tree. In a few localities, where the gravelly soil
merges gradually into the ordinary loams or clays of the region, the
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate IX.

cTV
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate X,
O
PIPEE FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 43
black pine [Pinus contorta) disputes the ground with the r6d fir.
Until the middle of July these prairies are carpeted with flowers
(PI. X). After this time they present a distinctly arid appearance.
The flora consists of a considerable number of species which, so
far as Washington and Oregon are concerned, do not occur else-
where, though most of them range into California. Among them
are the following:
Arenaria tcnella.
Dodc(Mtheon latifolium.
Erythronlum gUiantenm.
Oilia tenella.
Godetia amoena.
Godctia quadrtvulnera.
Grindclia in tegrifoVta.
Hemizonclla durandi.
Hoohcra coronata.
Hookcra pulchclla.
Hosackia gracilis.
Iris tenax.
Lomatium utriculatum.
Lupin us alhicaulis.
Lupinus lepidus.
Microseris lacim,iata,
Orthocarpus attcnuatus.
Platystigma orcganum.
Ranunculus ortJiorhynchus.
Senecio fastigiata.
fiericocarpus rigidus.
Solidago tohnieana.
^jfntJi yris rotundifolia.
Trifolium hallii.
TrifoUum tridentatum.
Valerianclla congesta.
Viola howelUi.
A nmch larger number of species, however, recur in the Arid
Transition area east of the Cascade Mountains. Nearly all of these
species are limited to the Pacific coast, ranging from California
northward to British Columbia on both sides of the Cascade Moun-
tains. Here, as in the case of the Upper Sonoran species of Califor-
nia origin, there is good reason to believe that most of the species
reached the Columbia Basin through the Klamath Gap. Character-
istic examples are the following:
Agoscris heterophylla.
Alchemilla occidcntalis.
Alsine nitons.
Antcnnaria hotccllii.
Athysanus pusilluJi.
B aIsamorhiza ha Isamorh iza.
Balsamorhisa dcltoidea.
Boisduvalia stricta.
Carum gairdnrri.
Caticalis microcarpa.
'
Ceanothus sanguineus.
Collinsia grandiflora.
Crocidium multica ulc.
Erioccphalum lanatum.
Erigeron sprciosus.
Gilia capitata.
Gilia gracilis.
Githopsis spccularioidcs.
Heterocodon rariflorum.
Hcuchrra cylindrica.
Hieracium scouleri.
Hookera hyacinthina.
Hosackia decumhens.
Lomatium nudicaule.
Lomatium tritcrnatum.
Micrampelis oregana.
Navarretia intertexta.
Pectocarya penicillata.
Pinus ponderosa.
Polemonium micranthum.
Prunus dem issa.
Psilocarphus clatior.
Quercus garrpana.
Sedum douglasii.
Sidalcea campestris.
Silcne menziesii.
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum.
Tellima parviflora.
Thysanorarpus eurvipes.
Tonella collinsioidcs.
Zygadenus venenosus.
44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A tliird series of species, few in number, presents a puzzling prob-
lem. It consists of Arid Transition plants common enough east of
the Cascade Mountains, which are known to occur west of these moun-
tains only on WTiidby Island, or, in a few cases, on neighboring
islands. They deserve particular mention.
Sierersia ciliata is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging as a
common plant to Minnesota and Nebraska, and as a rarity even to
New England. West of the Cascades it is known only from the
prairies of Whidby Island.
ApJu/llon comosvm, a parasit^ on various asteraceous plants, is not
rare in eastern Washington, and ranges east of the Cascades to Cali-
fornia. It has also been found on Whidby and San Juan islands on
Grindelia.
Polemonium micranthxim and Lupinus microcarpus, both on
Wliidby Island, together with Platyspermum scapigerum^ Aster con-
spicuus, and Scutellaria an (/i/ufifolia, known from Vancouver Island,
are cases practically parallel to that of Aphyllon eojnosarn.
Iris missonriensis is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging to
Dakota and Nebraska. Its station near Coupcville is the only one
known in the Vancouver strip.
Juniperus scopulorum, which crosses the Cascades to reappear in
Island and San Juan counties, is a somewhat similar case.
There needs to be mentioned also the only cactus that occurs in the
Vancouver strip, Opuntia polyacantha horealis, confined to the island
in the northern part of Puget Sound.
Only one physical factor joresents itself which may explain these
strange cases, namely, the fact that these islands lie in the lee of the
Olympic Mountains, and therefore have a lesser rainfall, as may be
seen by comparison with the rainfall map. The conditions, therefore,
more nearly approximate those of the Arid Transition area than any
other portion of Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. But,
admitting this to be true, it is difficult to see how these species could
have crossed the barrier of the Cascade Mountains. The only other
alternative would seem to be that these species once occupied much of
the Vancouver strip, and have persisted northward only in this some-
what drier region of Whidby and adjacent islands.
The case of a few Vancouver Island plants, like Lilaea suhidata,
Festuca reflexa, and Microseris higelovii, not otherwise known north
of Oregon, and especially the cases of Baeria gracilis and Allocarya
chorisiana, which leap from California to Vancouver, seem, however,
to lend weight to the latter hypothesis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 45
SEASHORES.
Inimediate proximity to the sea furnishes conditions that support
a strip of vegetation consisting of few but very characteristic species.
On the Washington coast there are two marked formations—the sand
dunes and the salt marshes.
Typical sand dunes are confined to the ocean coast, not occurring
on Puget Sound. The important sand-loving plants are
:
Abronia latifolia. Lathyrus lUtoralis.
Ahronia iiuihcllata. Lupinus littoralis.
Garex macrocepliala Poa macrantha.
Glehnia littoralis. Tiinacetum huronenae.
Less abundant, but not less characteristic, are
:
Agoserin maritinia. Pcntacacna rainoKissiina.
Carex pansa. Poa confinis.
Gaertneria cliamisHonis. Polyr/onum jnironychia.
Junctis lescurii. Sanicula howcUii.
In the lee of the dunes or on shores where the sand does not drift
there is often a strip of black pine {Pinus contorta)., forming dense
thickets, the trees seldom over 30 feet high. Where not timbered
various species adapted to campestrine conditions abound, but few of
them are confined to the seashore. Such are
:
Argentina anscrina. Frayaria chiloennin.
Carduus cdulis. Trifolium wormskioldii.
Ccrastium arvense. Viola adunca.
Festuca rubra.
Intermediate in character between these meadowy beaches and sand
dunes are sand spits and high, sandy beaches. These maintain, in
consequence, a rather mixed flora.
Salt or brackish marshes are most commonly found on low shores,
especially near the mouths of streams, where they are at least occa-
sionally covered by high tides. They often occur also behind high
sea beaches. Most of the plants are those which love a saline soil.
The most characteristic are saltgrass {Distichlis spicata) and glass-
wort {Salicomia amhigua), the latter often infested with a dodder
{Cuscuta squamigera)
.
A portion of the plants found in these seashore marshes are con-
fined to the immediate proximity of the sea. Such are
:
Ammodenia peploides. ' Jaumea carnosa.
Atriplex littoralis. Lathyrus maritimus.
Carex cryptocarpa. Orthocarpus eastillcioidcs.
Coelopleurum maritimum. Sidalcea hendcrsoni.
Conioselinum fischeri. Tissa marina.
Others occur also in alkaline marshes in the interior, such as Junciis
hOflticus^ Glaux maritinia.^ and Ti'iglochm maritimum.
46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A few other species exhibit a marked predilection for proximity to
the sea without beinir api)areiitly either sand-loving or salt-loving
plants. Such are
:
Artriiiisia sKhxdorfii. Poa /)«(7»///)/jo/<\v.
CalniiHitintxtix alciitica. I'tilnpudiuiit Kandcri.
H II(hisi 111Hx hinvHlix. Salij- hooheriaiiu.
Hiiilaxtiihifi hrachypus. KvlaffiucUa utrHthioloidat.
In addition to these the marine aquatic genera Zostera and Phyl-
lospadix deserve mention as our only genera of flowering plants
found in the ocean. The related Nuppia mar'ttlma occurs in brackish
waters.
SPHAGNUM BOGS.
Sphagnum bogs are quite counnon throughout western Washington.
The usual shrul)s are Labrador tea {Ledum lutifoliani), laurel {h'al-
mia f/lmtca), and cranlx'rry {Oxycoccus oxycoccus mtennedius).
Usually a willow {Saliv myrtUloiden)^ sweet gale {Myrlca (jnlc), and
a dwarf birch {Betuhi (flanduloxa) are present also. On the drier
hunnnocks small hendocks {Tsu</n hetcrophylla) often occur, and in
similar situations one is often surprised to find the black pine {Pinua
contorfa), typically a plant of barren, gravelly or sandy soil.
The more interesting and characteristic herbs are sundew (Drosera
7'otundifolia), cotton-grass {Eriophontm russeolum) ^ Scheuchzeria
palusfrls, and Juncus oref/ana.
In the bogs near the ocean coast Ledum columhianum and Myrica
califomica replace their two close relatives.
THE COASTAL STRIP.
One other important forest association of Washington, namely, the
tideland or Sitka spruce forests, in immediate proximity to the Pacific
Ocean, is perhaps best classed as Humid Transition zone rather than
otherwise. The facts in the distribution of this species are j)eculiar.
It is the dominant tree, forming over 50 per cent of the forest strip,
along the coast from middle Oregon northward to Kadiak Island,
beyond which all timber ceases, and the flora becomes almost that of
the Artie Zone. Therefore we have this one species of tree dominat-
ing a continuous stretch of sea level, from the Arctic Zone to the
Humid Transition, through both the Hudsonian and the Canadian
zones. In the north the Sitka spruce forests end sharply with the
arctic meadows. In the south they merge imperceptibly with the
red-fir forests. This enormous stretch of a single species at sea level
is probably due to the remarkably equable temperature and great
humidity of the immediate seacoast.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 47
That this strip of Sitka spruce should be considered Humid Tran-
sition rather than Canadian or Hudsonian is open to question.
Acconipanjang the spruce throughout all or nearly all of its range,
are some other plants, such as Rihes laxifloniTn^ Mo7ieses imi'flora^
Menziesia ferruginea^ Cornus canadensis, and Viola glabella, which
in the Cascade Mountains occur mainly or only in the Canadian or
Hudsonian zones.
On the other hand, it is very evident that the great majority of
the plants in the Sitka spruce forests of Washington are truly Tran-
sition plants. Indeed, some of the most characteristic of the under-
shrubs of the red-fir forests are even more luxuriantly develo^d
in the spruce forests, such as the salal {Gaultheria shallon), retl
huckleberry {Vaccinium par oifolium), and the evergreen huckleberry
(F. ovatum). Some others, as the salmon berry {Ruhus spectabilis)
and the devil's club {Eehinopanax horrida), accompany the spruce
throughout nearly all of its range, and likewise occur in the Cascade
Mountains far above it in altitude.
Other facts of plant distribution also bear out the conclusion that
the mixed floral character of the ocean coast is due to the remarkably
equable temperature. One of these is the fact that a number of Alas-
kan plants follow down the coast with the spruce, but do not follow
down the mountain ranges. Such are the marsh plants Viola langs-
dorfii, Nephrophyllidium crista-galli, and Caltha asarifolia; the
dune plants, Carex maerocephala, and Glehnia littoralis; and Cala-
magrostis aleutica, Coelopleurum gmelini, which on the Washihgton
coast splits into two supposedly different species, Carex cryptocarpa^
Conioselinum flscheri, and Ammodenia peploides.
On the other hand, the northward extension of various Californian
coastal plants overlaps the southward extension of these Alaskan
species. Among these are Ahronia latifolia and A. umhellata,
Angelica hendersoni, Gaertneria chamissonis, Myrica californica,
and Pentacaena ramosissima.
Perhaps, too, the peculiar conditions of this coastal strip may aid
in explaining the local abundance of Pinus contorta, which otherwise
reappears principally in the lodge-pole forests of the Canadian zone.
The zonal position of the Sitka spruce itself is a difficult matter to
decide. Undoubtedly it reaches its greatest development as to size
on the Washington and Oregon coasts, but on the Alaska coast it
reaches its greatest development as regards number of individuals
and domination of the forest.
ABID TRANSITION AREA.
In Washington this is confined entirely to the eastern portion,
except, perhaps, a few limited localities west of the Cascades, here-
tofore discussed. In our limits this area has two marked subdivi-
48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
sions. The loAver subdivision is grass-covered and lies innnodiately
above the zone of the sagebrush. The conspicuously abundant plants
are bunchgrass {Ayropyron i<plcattrm) and a June grass {I^oa sdud-
hergii). Indeed, these areas are often called bunchgrass prairies.
They constitute the most extensive and valuable lands of the Colum-
bia Basin, and consist entirely of basaltic soil, except in a few
gravelly valleys of glacial origin. The upper subdivision is covered
by a forest of yellow pine. This grows mostly on soils of granitic
origin above the level of the Columbia lava.
_. THE BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIES.
These constitute a Ix^lt of varying width lying between the zone
of sagebrush below and that of yellow pine above. Altitudinally
they lie between 500 and 800 meters. The bunchgrass prairies are
best developed in extreme eastern Washington, there constitutiug the
rolling hills known as the Palouse and Walla Walla regions. In
the so-called " Big Bend Country " of Lincoln and Douglas counties
the prairies are very similar, but less rolling. In Yakima and Klicki-
tat counties the bunchgrass lands are confined to the high jjlateaus,
known as the Rattlesnake Mountains and Horse Heaven (PI. XI).
On the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains they are limited in
extent.
The basaltic soil of these prairies where the rainfall is compara-
tively large is a black clay loam, perfectly free from grit. The
subsoil is similar, but yellowish in color. These soils have originated
wholly from the decomposition of basalt in place, and vary from a
few inches to 50 feet or more in depth. Owing to the jirevailing
southwest winds the hills have, as a rule, much steeper north and
northeast slopes, on which the accumulated soil is unusually fine and
deep. These moister " north hillsides " support a vegetation much
like the narrow vales or draws between the hills.
In regions of decreasingly less rainfall there is a correspondingly
smaller degree of disintegration of the basaltic rock, which indeed
often crops out upon the surface. Such rocky lands are locally
called " scab " or " scablands." The lie for the most part between
the typical bunchgrass prairies and the sagebrush plains, but possess
in the main the flora of the former.
The bunchgrass prairies (PI. XII) are treeless, and excepting along
streams and by springs, or on north hillsides, shrubs are rarely seen.
Of the herbaceous vegetation, apart from the grasses, the most con-
spicuous plants are the lupines (Lupini/s ornatus, L. sericeus, and L.
wyethii), often very abundant; the sunflowers {Balsamorhiza sagit-
tata and Ilelianthella douglasii), Gaillardia aristata^ Geranium inci-
sum, and Leptotaenia multiflda. In moister places Iris missouriensi^
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate XI.
^'i

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XII,
%.

Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. XI. Plate XIII.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 49
and the "black sunflower" (Wyetkia amplexicaulis) often occupy
large areas in nearly pure growths.
Along the streams and by springs willows of several species, to-
gether with a thorn {Crataegus brevispina) form thick copses. Occa-
sionally aspens (Popidus tremidoldes) and cottonwood (P. tricho-
carpa) form groves. The commoner undershrubs are snowberry
{Symphoricarpos racemosus) , roses {Rosa nutkana and R.pisocarpa),
and gooseberries {Rihes inerme and R. irriguum). Intermingled
with these are other shrubs of less importance. Occasionally, how-
ever, the birch {Betula microphylla) is the most abundant shrub.
The accompanying herbaceous vegetation is richer and more varied
than on the hills, but the individuals are relatively less abundant.
Among the more conspicuous are
:
Castilleja miniata. Solidago scrotina.
Clematis hirsutissima. Vrtica lyaUii.
Heracleum lanatnm. Vrtica holosericea.
Lupiniis leucophyllus. Valeriana ceratophylla.
Sidalcea oregana. ' Veratrum califortiicum.
The north hillsides flora consists mainly of plants found in the
" draws," though there are several species >\^hich, while not entirely
confined to the north hillsides, flourish there especially well. Such
are the adder's tongue {Erythronium grandiflorum) , blueberry {Vac-
cinium cespitosum) , Trillium petiolatum, and Capnorea villosula.
The scablands, which as before stated lie mainly between the zone
of sagebrush and that of bunchgrass, possess in large part the flora
of the latter. A few species, however, are quite characteristic of
these basaltic outcroppings. One of these is a service-berry {Amelan-
chier cusickii) which often occurs in the cracks of basalt crags. The
rock-rose or bitterroot {Lewisia rediviva) occurs abundantly in the
crevices of " scab," making a brave show with its beautiful rose-
colored flowers. Where a thin soil is formed, the scabland sagebrush
{Artemisia rigida) often occurs in considerable areas. Other plants
usually found only in scablands are
:
Arabis cusickii. Lomatium grayi.
Eriogontim thymoides. Lomatium macrocarpum.
Lomatium canhyi. Talinum spinescens.
Lomatium farinosum. Viola trinervata.
The conspicuous basaltic outcroppings along canyons and coulees
are locally known as " rimrock." The rimrock flora is in general the
same as that of scablands of similar elevation. (PI. XIII.)
29418—06 M 4
50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE YELLOW PINE FOHESTS.-
The-vellow pine belt in eastern Washingfton lies between the alti-
tudes of 550 and 1,000 meters (1.800 and 3,800 feet). In places the
characteristic tree, the yellow or bull piiw (Pinus ponderosa), de-
scends nearly to sea level, as alone; the Columbia River, and specimens
of the trees are occasionally found at 1,800 meters (G,000 feet) alti-
tude. This tree exhibits a marked predilection for soils of granitic
origin, and whenever such soil is found, even if completely isolated,
the yellow pine is quite sure to occur. The zonal distribution of the
tree is not primarily due, however, to a soil factor. The raised dome
of the northern portion of the Blue Mountains, wholly basaltic, is tim-
bered with this tree. Likewise narrow tongues of the Columbia
basalt of the usual elevation, 600 to 750 meters (2,000 to 2,500 feet),
extending into Idaho between the flanks of granitic mountains, are
covered with yellow pine forests. Neverthoiess, it is apparent that
this tree encroaches on the clayey basaltic soils with difficulty.
Whether this is owing to the inability of the seedlings (o struggle
with the herbaceous vegetation or to a lack of adaptation to the soil
itself, or to some other factor, remains to be determined. From the
fact that the yellow pine establishes itself on basaltic clay soils under
favorable conditions of moisture and teuiperature, as in the lilue
Mountains, or of the shading and abundsiat seeding that the sur-
rounding forests provide in western Idaho, it is evident that the soil
factor is not the only one that has prevented the spread of the pine
forest!
Yellow pine forests (Pis. XIV, XV), where pure, are open in char-
acter, and marked by the relatively small amount of forest litter.
There is a rather scattered growth of various shrubs, consisting of
ninebark {Ojntlaster pauciforus, buckbrush {Ceanofh>/fi sanr/nineK.s),
and rose {Rosa gymnocarpa) . At a somewhat liigher altitude where
the yellow pine is at its best, the commonest undershrub is the huckle-
berry {Vaccinivm macrophyllHvi). "WHiere such forests are more
open the most abundant plant is often the pinegrass (Calamagrosfis
suksdorfii)
.
Yellow pine forests are, however, seldom pure, except at Ioav alti-
tudes in rather dry soil. In the moister situations afforded by higher
altitude, shaded slopes, or valleys, the yellow pine is usually mixed
with red fir {Psevdotsiiga mncronat<i) in varying proportions. In-
deed, as the moisture becomes greater the proportion of the red fir
increases until it becomes the predominating tree. The increasing
proportion of red fir is usually accompanied by a proportional in-
crease in the density of the forest and the amount of litter. Shrubs,
too, become more abundant both in species and individuals, and
under favorable circumstances, as in old burns, some of them, espe-
Contr. Nal. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XIV.
3 ri

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. PLATE XV.
H- o
i' •<
W "D

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 51
cially sticky laurel {Ceanothus velutinus) and thimbleberry {Riihus
parin^oruH)
^
form dense thickets.
Such Arid Transition forests, in Avhich the red fir becomes the most
abundant tree, resemble very closely the Humid Transition forests
of ^vestern Washington. Indeed, they are intermediate in character
between the two, merging at lower altitudes into the ordinary yellow
pine forests, and at higher altitudes into the Canadian or white pine
zone. Inasmuch as the Canadian and higher zones in the Bitterroot
jVIountains have a flora very similar to that of the Cascade Mountains,
it is not surprising that the higher and moister portion of the Arid
Transition shows a like similarity.
ORIGIN OF THE ARID TRANSITION FLORA.
The Arid Transition flora, like the Upper Sonoran, is clearly made
up for the most part of three sets of species. These may be denomi-
nated the Californian element, consisting of plants which have
migrated from California; the Rocky Mountain element, species
whose distribution is easterly and southerly from the region here
considered; and the Columbian element, those species which are con-
fined to the Columbia Basin and have in all probability originated
there.
THE CALIFORNIA ELEMENT.
This consists of species which range from California through the
low passes in the Klamath region into the Columbia Basin. A large
number of the species range also into the Willamette Valley on the
west side of the Cascade Mountains, most of these also reaching the
gravelly prairies of w^estern Washington. These species have been
discussed in connection with the Humid Transition area. The fol-
low^ing list is composed of species confined to the Arid Transition area
east of the Cascade Mountains
:
Ago%eris grandiflora.
Agoseris retrorsa.
Alopecurus californicus.
Amsinckia intermedia.
Aradis stihvillosa.
Arenaria pusilla.
Valandrinia mensiesU.
Valochortus macrocarpus.
Ceanothus prostratus.
Vlarkia rhomboidea.
Cuscuta californica.
JJescJiampsia calycina.
Elatine californica.
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum.
Eryngium articulatum.
Festuca confusa.
Festtica paciflca.
Erasera nitida.
Gilia harknessii.
Lagophylla ramosissima.
Lepidiiim nitidum.
Linum digynum.
Lomatium piperi.
Melica fugax.
Mcrathrepta californica.
Microseris nutans.
Mimulus pulsiferae.
Orthocarpus hispidus.
Orthocarpus tenuifolius.
Pectocarya penicillata.
Pectocarya pusilla.
Plagiobothrys tenellus.
52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Polygonum grccnei.
Polygonum parryi.
Ptilocalaix nutans.
Ptilohella scabra.
IScribneria bnlandcri.
Scutellaria angustifplia.
i^idalcea oreguna.
Trichostenia oblongunt.
Trifolium ciliolalum.
Trifolium cyath iferum.
Irtica holosericca.
Valcrianclla macrocera.
Vcratruni californirunt.
Wycthia angustifolia.
Zygadcnus venenosus.
THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELEMENT.
This consists of species which range from the foothills of the Rocky
Mountains and related chains northward or northwestward into the
Columbia Basin. Their number is much less than those of California
origin. Among them are the following:
Adenostegia capiiata.
Agosrris glauca.
Antcnnaria dimorpha.
Arabia holboelii.
Artemisia drarunruloides.
Cercocurpus ledifolius.
Corn us stolonifera.
Disporum majuS.
Erigeron corymbosus.
Eriogonutn elatuni.
Eriogonuni heraclcoldes.
Erasera speciosa.
Eritillaria pudica.
Gaillardia aristata.
Galium aspcrrimum.
Gilia aggrcgata.
Grat tola virginiana.
Hookera douglnsii.
Lithospermum pilosuui.
Lomaliiim am bigu um.
Lomatiuni gruyi.
Lupin us Irucophyllus.
Lycopus lucidus.
Monolrpis nuttalliana.
Opulaster paucifiorus.
Orthocarpus luteus.
Ifanunculus glaberrimus.
f^enccio scrra.
Silenc menziesii.
Sol idago missouriensis.
Steironcnin ciliatum.
Synth yris rubra.
Tcllinia tcnrlla.
Thcrniopsis wontana.
Valeriana cerutophylla.
Wycthia amplexicaulis.
THE COLUMBIA BASIN ELEMENT.
Considering the recent geological origin of the Columbia Basin,
the number of species peculiar to it both in the Upper Sonoran and
Arid Transition areas is remarkably large. The number would be
greatly increased by including Oregon forms that do not cross the
Columbia River, The Arid Transition species are as follows:
Allium donglasii.
Amelanchier basaltieola.
Antcnnaria geyeri.
Antcnnaria stenophylla.
Arabis cusickii.
Artemisia rigida.
Boisduvalia glabella.
Castilleja camporum.
Castilleja lutescens.
Clarkia pulchella.
Claytonia dichotoma.
Eriogonum thymoides.
Frasera albicanlis.
Hclianthella doiiglasii.
Lomatium canhyi.
Lomatium cons.
Lomatium farinosum.
Lomatium, gormani.
Lomatium ivatsoni.
Orthocarpus barbatus.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 53
Parrya menziesii. Platyspermum scapigeriim.
Pentstemon atteniiatus. Polygonum polygaloides.
Pentstemon pinetorum. Ranunculus triternatus.
Pentstemon richardsonii. Silene spaldingii.
Pentstemon triphyllus. Sphaeraleea longiscpala.
Phaca atTecta. Trifolium douglasii.
Phaca conjuncta. Trillium petiolatum.
^
Phaca spaldingii. Viola trinervata.
Physaria geyeri.
COMPARISON OF THE HUMID AND ARID TRANSITION FLORAS.
As before stated, the Cascade Mountains form a sharp and efficient
barrier between the areas of the Transition zone. The Humid Transi-
tion does not cease abruptly with the crest of the Cascade Mountains,
but many species descend for some distance on the eastern slope, at
lower altitudes becoming mixed indiscriminately with Arid Transi-
tion plants.
In the moisture portions of the western slopes of the Bitterroots
and in the Blue Mountains the climatic conditions approach those of
western Washington. It is therefore not surprising that in the
moister portions of the yellow pine subarea in western Idaho a great
many of the Humid Transition plants of western Washington reap-
pear. Indeed at least one-half of the species are thus common, and
it is therefore largely an arbitrary matter to class the one as Humid
Transition, the other as Arid.
The complex nature of the problem is realized, however, when we
consider the remaining species. They may be thus grouped : First,
those that occur in the Vancouver strip, but not in North Idaho ; sec-
ond, those that occur in Idaho, but not in the Vancouver strip, and
third, those that are abundant in Idaho, but very rare in the latter
area. The following tables bring out clearly the relative importance
of these elements:
PLANTS EQUALLY COMMON IN THE HUMID TRANSITION AREA OF THE VANCOUVER
STRIP AND THE MOISTER PORTION OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN NORTH IDAHO.
Trees.
Abies grandis. Rhamnus purshiana.
Acer douglasii. . Salix scouleriana.
Pinus contorta. Tnxtts brevifolia.
Pinus monticola. Thuya plicata.
Populus trichocarpa. Tsuga mertensiana.
Pseudotsuga mucronata.
54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrubs.
Alnus sinuata.
Amelanchier florida.
Ceanoth tix sau(juinciis.
Ccatwihiis velminus.
Chimaphila unibcUata.
Liuuaca uDirricaiui.
Louiccra iiivoliicrata.
Moizicsia fcrruffinca,
Opulaster opulifolitis.
Herbs.
Actaea arguta.
Adruocaitloii bicolor.
Alsinc crispa.
Ahine lotigipcs.
Aiitcnnaria hoirclUi.
Aqiiilcgia formosa.
Asarum cuudatuin.
Asplenium cyclosorum.
Card litis cdulis.
Carer nmpUfolia.
CareJ- stipata.
Cephalanthera austinae.
C//Kv« pciiditUt.
Circaea paciflea.
Cythereu hulhoxa.
Dryopteris dUatata.
Festuea oevideiitaUs.
Festiica fiiibiilata.
Oaliiivi trifidiini.
Geunt macrophyllum.
GUia capitata.
Hieracium albiflonim.
Lactuen spicata.
Lysich Hon kamtschatcensis.
Pachystima myrshUtes.
Ribes lacustre.
Ifosa giiniuocarpa.
Rubus leucodennis.
Rubiis parviflorus.
Salix cordala.
Schizonotiis discolor.
T 'accui turn macroph yllum.
Melica suhulata.
M icroiiieria ch a vi isson is.
iliiiiiiliis iiiosvhatiis.
Opiirys cordata.
J'aiiiciilaria pa iiciflora,
rcrainiiim nicuziesii.
Pleridiiim aquilinum pubes-
- cetis.
Pyrola aphylla.
Pyrola bracteata.
Pyrola iiininiata.
Pyrola picta.
Quaiiiasia (jiianwsh.
Rauininiliis hotigardi.
Scirpus microcarpus.
tSoIidago elongata.
Traiitvetteria grandis.
Trillium ovatuiii.
Vagnera amplcxicanlis.
Vagnera sessilifoUa.
Viola udiinca.
Washingtonia divaricata.
Xerophyllum tenax.
PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE VANCOUVER STRIP. BUT NOT IN NORTH IDAHO.
Trees.
Acer circinatiim.
Acer macrophyllum.
Alnus oregana.
Arbutus nienziesii,
Pyrus diversifolia.
Salix lasiandra.
Shrubs.
Arctostaphylos tomentosa.
Gaultheria shallon.
Rhododendron califormcum.
Rhus diversiloba.
Ribes bracteosum.
Ribes divaricatum.
Ribes sanguincum.
Sambuciis calHcarpa.
Vaccinium ovatum.
Vaccinium parvlfolium,.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 55
Herbs.
Achlys triphylla.
Allotropa viryata.
Bikukulla formosa.
Eqnisetum telmateia.
Hemitomes cougestum.
Juncus covillei.
Jlineus oxymeris.
Lathyrus polyphyllus.
Leptaxis menziesii.
Lupinus rivularis.
Petasites speciosa.
Poa hoicelUi.
Polypodium occidevtalc.
Struthiopteris spican t.
Synthyris rotundifoUa.
Vancouveria hexatidra.
Vicia gigantca.
Viola howellii.
PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE MOISTEB PARTS OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN
WESTERN IDAHO, BUT NOT IN THE HUMID TRANSITION OF WESTERN WASH-
INGTON,
Trees.
Alnus tenuifolia.
Andromeda poUfolia.
Berheris repens.
Chiogenes hispidula.
Cornus stolonifera.
Lonicera conjugialis.
Bhamnus alnifolia.
Aconitum columbianum.
Acorus calamus.
Antennaria racemosa.
Aralia nudicauUs.
Arnica cordifoUa.
Aster laevis geyeri.
Calocliortus elegans.
Carex geyeri.
Carex nehraskensis.
Clematis columMana.
Clematis hirsutissima.
Coptis occidentalis.
Frasera thprsiflora.
Shrubs.
Herbs.
Larix occidentalis.
Ribes irriguum.
Ribes viscosissimum.
Rubus strigosus.
Sambucus melanocarpa.
Spiraea co>'yt)ibosa.
Spiraea menziesii.
Gentiana oregana.
Hydrophyllum capitatum.
Ligusticum verticillatum.
Mitella stauropetala.
Pentstemon pinetorum.
Petasites dentata.
Ranunculus plhtypliyllus.
Rudbeckia occidentalis.
Sanicula marilandica.
Sphaeralcea rivularis.
Synthyris rubra.
Therofon majus.
Trillium petiolatum.
HUMID TRANSITION PLANTS COMMON IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, BUT VERY RARE IN
NORTHERN IDAHO.
Trees.
Cornus nuttallii. Occurs only In the valley of the middle fork of the Clearwater.
/
56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrubs.
Berherls nervosa. Near Farmington.
Cornus occklciitalis. Near Si>okane. Wash.
Corylus californica. Near Kettle Falls. Wash.
EchluoiHDuix horrid nm.
Gaultheria oratifuUu. Priest Lake.
Rubiis macropeialus.
Riibus spcctahilis. Priest Lake, very rare.
Herbs.
Antennaria hryircUii. Cedar Mountain. Spangle, Wash.
Claytonia parrifoUa. Priest Lake; Packsaddle Peak.
CoiUtiiiia f/rainliflora. Troy.
CoUomia hetcrophylla. Wlessner Peak.
CoraUorhiza striata. Cedar Mountain.
Erigeron apeviosus.
Fritillaria laiiccolata. Farmington Landing. Palouse City, Wash.
HeucUera cylindrica. Near Lewlston.
Hosackia b toolor.
HoircUia aquatilis. Lake Teseniini.
Lilium parriflorutn. Lake Pend Oreille.
Maia tithemum bifolium kantt-^chaticuin. Priest Lake.
Mierantpelis oregana. rniatilla River, Oreg. Kettle Falls, Wash.
MitelJa caulescens. Farmington Landing.
Polygonum bixtortoides. Near Moscow.
Polystichum viunitum. Cedar Mountain. Also in Blue Mountains.
Psoralea phyxodes. One station near Troy.
Saxifraga oregana. Priest Lake.
Stevaiithium occidentale. Priest Lake.
Trientalis latifolUt. Wlessner Peak. Blue Mountains, Wash.
Vaccinium ovalifolium. Priest Lake.
In this connection the fact may also be pointed out that in several
cases the species of the coast region are replaced in Idaho by very
close allies. J'his fact is illustrated by the following pairs
:
Coast region of Washington : Northern Idaho :
,
Alnus oregana. Alnus tenuifoUa.
Philadelphus gordonianus. Philadelphus lewisii.
Potentilla gracilis. PotentiUa blaschkeana.
Ranunculus orthorhynchus. Ranunculus platyphyllus.
Ribes divaricatum. Ribes irriguum.
Salix lasiandra. Salix lancifolia.
Sambucus callicarpa. Sambucus melanocarpa.
Spiraea donglasii. Spiraea menziesii.
Viola sempervirens. Viola orbiculata.
Perhaps the most significant of the above lists is that of the species
which are now so rare in Idaho, but abundant in western Washington.
These species must be either relatively newcomers, just obtaining a
foothold, or else old inhabitants, now. on the verge of extinction, so
far as this immediate region is concerned. The latter hypothesis
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 57
seems to be by far the more likely one. First, because these rare
species show none of the aggressiveness to be expected in recent intro-
ductions that have found a congenial environment ; second, because
this hypothesis fits in with the explanation that these species were
forced southward in the glacial period, and under the changed condi-
tions following hav^ lingered in regions to which they are not well
adapted.
One other fact indicates also that many species have had to adjust
themselves to a changed environment, and as this has been done with-
out morphological change, the readjustment must have been recent.
In endeavoring to fix the zonal limits of plants which occur on both
sides of the Cascade Mountains, the curious fact becomes evident
that many species have a lower zonal range in the interior region
than that which they occupy in the coastal area. Among the exam-
ples may be cited the following
:
Populus trichocarpa^ a Humid Transition or even Canadian spe-
cies in western Washington, is more abundant east of the Cascades
as an Upper Sonoran than as an Arid Transition plant. Other spe-
cies of which the same statement holds true are
:
Delphinium menziesii. Rhamnus purshiana.
Oeraniiim carolinianum. Schizonotus discolor.
Heuchera cylindrica. Specularia pcrfoliata.
Lomatinm nudicaule.
It may be argued that the Humid Transition character of these
plants is not altogether demonstrated in their zonal range in western
Washington where no lower zone occurs. But nearly all of the above
species in their range southward confine themselves strictly to the
Transition Area.
Some species, typically Canadian on the west slopes of the Cascades,
are just as typically Arid Transition in the Bitterroots. Vaccinum
macrophyllum is perhaps the most conspicuous example of this, but it
is also illustrated in less degree by Pterospora andromedea and
Cornus canadensis.
Pedicularis racemosa and P. hracteosa in the Cascades and Olympics
are Hudsonian species, extending more or less into the Arctic above
or the Canadian below. On the west slope of the Bitterroots they
occur in undoubted Arid Transition, ranging also into the Canadian.
This same statement also applies to
:
Abies lasiocarpa. Pentstemon procerus.
Alnus sinuata. Polygonum histortoides.
Oaultheria ovatifolia. Saussurea americana.
Hemieva raniinculifolia. Stenanthium occidentale.
Hydrophyllum alhifrons. Thalictrum occideyitale.
Pentstemon confertus. Trautvetteria grandis.
58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
These instances are not to be confused with those ilhistrated by
plants of wide altitudinal range, like Castille'ja miniata, which occurs
in all the zones from Upper Sonoran to Arctic, as do also CastUleja
angustifolia, Aquilegia fonnosa, Ileracleum lanatum, Hypericum
scouleri, Achillea 7nillefolium, and others.
The condition that has determined this strange nonconformity in
the altitudinal or zonal relations of the species above mentioned is
perhaps to be sought in the lower winter temperatures of the interior.
This factor alone may tend to confine a species to the lowest zonal
position in which it can maintain its existence.
THE CANADIAN ZONE.
This is the most illy defined of all the life zones in Washington,
merging into the Transition l)elow and the Hudsonian above. Its
most characteristic tree is perhaps the western white pine {Pinua
monticola), but in Washington this tree is not abundant. In the
Olympic and Cascade mountains the amabilis fir (Abies amahiUs) is
also a characteristic tree, as is its near relative, the noble fir (.1. nohi-
lis), found in the Cascades from Mount Stuart southward. Apart
from these truly characteristic trees, the white fir {Abies f/vdndis)
and the western hemlock {Tsuga heterophylla) (PI. XVI) both find
their best development in the Canadian zone, but both also are not
rare at sea level. The dominant tree of the Humid Transition zone,
the red fir, also thrives in the company of its Canadian relatives.
On the eastern slopes of the Cascades, and more especially in the
mountains of eastern Washington, two other trees appear in the Cana-
dian zone, the Engelmann spruce (Picen engelmanni) and the western
larch {Larix occidentalis) , while the amabilis and noble firs disappear.
A characteristic plant association of this zone is that of the lodge-
pole pine, a form of Finns contorta, which often forms dense forests.
The trees are remarkably uniform in size, seldom exceeding 1 foot in
diameter and GO feet in height. Such forests are often very exten-
sive, the one species making up 90 per cent of the timber. While
most abundant in the Canadian zone, groups of the lodgepole pine
occasionally occur isolated in yellow j)ine forests.
There are but few plants in Washington confined to the Canadian
zone. The somber depths of these moist forests, however, induces a
luxurious carpet of mosses and a vegetation which is largely erica-
ceous. Among the more plentiful shrubs are the blue huckleberry
(Vaccinium ovalifolitan), Menziesia ferruginea, Pachystima myrsi-
nites, the trailing Rubus nivalis, and the dwarf cornel (Comus
canadensis)
.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XVI.
Forest of Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla).
Near Elbe, Pierce County. A nearly pure growth of young and old hemloekK. Reproduced bv
courtesy of the Fore.st Service.

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 59
The abundant herbs are;
Clintonia uniflora.
Disporum oreganiim.
Leptaxis menziesil.
Mitella caulescens.
Oxalis oregana.
Oxalis trilUifolia.
Phegopteris dryopteris.
Trautvetteria grandis.
Vagnera sessilifolia.
Most of these occur also in the Transition.
The zone can, in fact, be recognized in Washington not so much by
any purely characteristic species as by the great abundance of species
relatively rare in the contiguous zones.
CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF THE CANADIAN ZONE."
Abies amabilis.
Abies grandis
Abies nobilis.
*Cornus canadensis.
*Lonicera conjugialis.
Lonicera utahensis.
Menziesia ferruginea.
Pachystima myrsinites.
Pyrus sitchensis.
*Ribes ciliosum.
Trees.
Shrubs.
Herbs.
Allotropa virgata.
*Anemane dcltoidea.
*Anemone piperi.
Antennaria raccmosa.
Arnica cordifolia.
*CacaUopsis nardosmia glabrata.
*Capnoidcs scouleri.
*Cardaininc lyallii.
Cephalanthera austinae
Chelone nemorosa.
*Circaea alpina.
Claytonia asarifolia.
*Clintonia uniflora.
Cop t is occiden ta I is.
Corallorhiza coralloi'liiza.
Corallorhiza mci'tensiana.
Disporum oreganum.
*Oalimn bifollmn.
*Heuchera micrantha.
*Kelloggia galioides.
Leptaxis menziesii.
*Lycopodium annotin um.
Lycopodium clavatuni.
Acer douglasii.
Pinus monticola.
Taxus brevifoUa.
Ribcs laxiflorum.
*Ribes viscosissimum.
*Rub us nivalis.
*Sambucus melanocarpa.
Symphoricarpos acutus.
*Vaccinium scoparium.
Lysias orbiculata.
Mitella caulescens.
*Monotropa hypopitys.
Ophrys caurina.
0.ralis oregana.
*Oxalis trilUifolia.
Pentstemon diffusus.
Phegopteris dryopteris.
Pyrola chlorantha.
Pyrola secunda.
R udbeckia ocridentalis.
*Sanguisorba latifolia.
Saxifraga nicrtcnsiana.
ficduin oreganum.
^cnecio triangularis.
*Streptopus rose us.
Synthyris reniformis.
Therofon occidentale.
*Tiarella unifoliata.
Trautvetteria grandis.
Vagnera .sessilifolia.
Viola glabella.
Viola orbiculata.
oTbe species marked with an asterisk are restricted to the Canadian zone.
60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE HUDSONIAN ZONE.
This is the highest of the timbered phmt zones, its average altitude
in Washington being from 1,500 to 2,300 meters (5,000 to 7,500 feet).
The most widespread and characteristic tree in all the northwestern
mountains is the subalpine fir {Abies lasiocarpa) (PI. XVII). In
the Olympic and Cascade mountains this is always accompanied by
the black hemlock {Tsuga mertensiana) ^ a tree which recurs locally
in the Bitterroots of Idaho, but which is unknown in the Blue Moun-
tains save on a single peak. It is not known whether this tree occurs
in the Okanogan Highlands. In the Olympic and Cascade moun-
tains the Alaska cedar {Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) is likewise a
characteristic tree, but it does not occur eastward from the latter
range. The white-bark pine {Pinus alhicaulis) also belongs to this
zone, and reaches a higher altitude than any other Washington tree.
It is absent from the Olympics, but occurs nearly throughout the
Cascade Mountains, and appears again on the higher peaks of the
Blues and Bitterroots.
Comparatively few shrubs and herbs are definitely limited to this
zone. Among the more conspicuous are an azalea {Rhododendron
albiforum) , a currant (Ribes howelUi), and the western mountain
ash {Pyrus occidentalis) . In places the bear grass {Xerophyllum
tenax) occupies acres of ground, but this plant occasionally occurs as
low as the Transition zone.
In the following table is given a list of the characteristic Hud-
sonian species, showing their known api^earance on the principal
peaks of the Cascade Mountains, namely. Mounts Stuart, Rainier,
Adams, St. Helens, Hood," Mazama,* and Shasta." Only small col-
lections have been made on Mount Baker, and ^or this reason the
species known to occur in the Cascade Mountains between the 48th
and 49th parallels are lumped for comparison. The table also shows
which species occur in the Arctic regions, in the Olympic Mountains,
in the Blue Mountains, in the Rocky Mountains as a whole, and in
the Sierra Nevada.
a Howell, Thomas. The Flora of Mount Hood, Mazama, vol. 1, pp. 28-48, 1896.
6 Coville, Frederick V. The August Vegetation of Mount Mazama, Mazama,
vol. 1, pp. 170-203, 1897.
c Merriam, C. Hart. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount Shasta, North
American Fauna, no. 16, 1899.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XVII.
05
/ '*"iMMi|I^^B^Mm
1

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 61
Distribution of characteristic 11 udsonian species.
Name of species. o
a
1
<
£
o
d
'5
c
c
ft
a
5
a
3
c
u
to
"S
l
c
3
o
s
<
5
a
%
X
g
o
X
a
3
o
s
c
3
o
0)
3
n
i
s:
c
3
o
5j 1
3
o
IS
a
a
3
- o
Abies lasiocarpa x
Angelica lyallii
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X xj
X
X X X X
Aster cusickii
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
Carex inertensii X
X
X
X X
X
X .
X
X
X
X
1 I.
.
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Delpliinium glaucum X
X X
X
X
X
.... X X
X
X X
X X ....1-
Epilobium fastigiatum X
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5^
X
X
X "^
X
X
Epilobium hornemanni X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
XErythroniiim parviflorum X ^
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Gilia iiuttallii X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
Heiiehera glabra X X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
Juneoides glabratum X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Juniperiis sibirica X
X
X X X X
Larix lyallii X X X
XLedum glandulosum X X
Leptarrhena p vrolifolia X X X X
X X
X X
Lonicera utahensis X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Luina hvpoleuca X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
M iraul us lewisii X
Mitellabreweri X
X
X X
Mitella pentandra X
X
X
X
Nephrophvllidium crista-galli
Parnassia fimbriata
x"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.... X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
Pediculans racemosa
X
X
X
X
Pedicularis surrecta X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Phegopteris alpestris X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Phyllodoce empetriformis X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Piiius albicaulis X
Polemonium humile X
X
X
X
X
Polvgouum bistortoides X
Pyrus occiden talis X
X
X X
X
X X
Ranunculus alismellus X X
Ranunculus populago . 1 X
X
X
X X
X
X
XRhododendron albiflorum X X X X X X X ....
62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAX. HERBARIUM.
Diatiihiitinii of chanictcrixtic Httdsouian .s'pcc/r.v—Contlnuetl.
Name of species.
Ribes hovvellii
Ribes laxiHorum x
Ribes leiiium
Rubus )asi(X'ofous
Rubus niviilis
Siiussiirea amerieanti
Saxifrajra nuTteiisiaiia I x
Sedmn cliverKens
Seneeio siibnudus
Seiiei'io triangularis
Hpiraeii densiflora
Toticldia iiiterme<lia
Trollius laxiis
Tsuga mertensiana i x
Vai'cinium deliciostim '
.
.
,
.
Vaceiniiiin scoparium
|
Valeriana sitcliensis
j
x
Veratrum viride x
Xerophyllum teiiax '
^
t c
ot
ed
e
o
1
3
1_iJ a.S s
'' V.
-
''
Si. I a
°
I
i
a <
\ X
S I 2 I a
s i £2 °
I ' a
i i I
5 o
X
I
x ..
THE ARCTIC ZONE.
This is sharply marked hy the high altitude timber line. As before
explained, this line extends to a much higher altitude, 700 meters
or more on Mount Rainier, on the ridges than in the draws between.
This, in general, is true of all the northwestern mountains. On the
highest mountain peaks flowering plants extend up to 3,200 meters
(10,500 feet) altitude. The lower portion of this zone, except
where there are rock outcroppings, is covered with a dense carpet of
grasses and flowers.' Among the more abundant of the former are
Festuca viriditla, Poa arefka, and Agrostis roiisae. Among the more
conspicuous flowers in the damper places are a buttercuj:) {Ranun-
cidus suksclorfii)^ a marsh marigold {Caltha leptosepala) , and a shoot-
ing star {Dodecatheon jeffreyi). On the drier slopes Pidmtilla occi-
dentalis raises its curious tasseled heads of akenes; a lupine (Lupinus
suhalpinus) forms great masses of blue; a painted cup {Castilleja
oreopola) makes mats of dull crimson, and a cinquefoil {Potentilla
flahellifolia) furnishes an abundance of yellow. Even more con-
spicuous are the two " heathers," Phyllodoce empetriformis and
Cassiope mertensiana, the former with clusters of rose-purple flowers,
the latter with the clusters pure white.
Along the rills a beautiful blue gentian {Gentiana calycosa)^ the
crimson mimulus {Mimulus lewisii), and the yellow arnicas make
parti-colored borders.
Two small plants, a saxifrage {Saxifraga tolmiei) and Lutkea
pectinata are conspicuous only because they form dense mats.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 63
Along the limit of the meadows in what have been called " pumice
fields " a very different series of plants appear. Among the more
characteristic are a lupine {Lupinvs lyalln), the curious Spraguea
umhellata^ an Eriogonum [E, coryphaeum) ^ Oreastrurn alpigenumy
Erigeron aureus^ and Polemonium elegans.
The above description applies particularly to the Arctic Zone in
the Cascade Mountains. The flora of the same zone in the Olympics
is very similar, the principal diiferences being in the flora of the high-
est peaks. In the Blue Mountains of Washington the Arctic Zone is
very limited in extent. The arctic flora of these last mountains is,
however, about as closely related to that of the Rocky Mountains as
to that of the Cascades.
The following list shows the same comparative data as regards,
distribution as were shown for Hudsonian species:
Disttrihution of (haracicriKtic Arciic-Alpiuc xjircies.
Name of species.
c
o%
u
s
<
£
u
o
c
5
B
•S
ft
a
>.
o
a
5
<u
"a
"S
«
s
3
o
6
a
•v
<
c
3
o
a
o
K
a
s
o
S
a
3
O
155
B
3
a
o
3
s
s
s
B
3
o
c4
>
5
B
>.
o
o
a
as
a
1
Agoseris alpestris
, 1
i 1 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
'X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X E
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XAllium validum X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Anemone drumniondii
Antennaria media
X
X
X
X
X X
X
XAntennaria lanata
Apargidium boreale
Arabis lati folia
X X X
1 X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Arabis lyallii X X X
X
X
' X
X X
Aragallns monticola
Arenaria capillari.s X ^ X X
X
X
X
X
...
X
XArenaria niittallii X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Arenaria verna X-
X
X X
Arnica parry i
Asplenium viride X
Bikukulla uniflora X
X
X
X
x" X X X X X
Calamagrostis vaseyi X
X
X
X
X
Call ha biflora X
X X
X
XCaltha leptosepala X X X X
Cam]iaiiula piperi
('ampanula s^cabrella X
X
X
XCardamine bellidifolia X
X
X
X
X
X ^ X
Cardamine kamtschatica X X
Carex brevveri X X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Carex illota X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
Carex nardina
Carex nigricans X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Carex spectabilis X
Carex vernaeula X
Castilleja oreopola .• X X X
XCastilleja rupioo'a ^ .
Castilleja suksdorfii X X
("lavtonia megarrhiza X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
Douglasia laevigata X
Draba aureola X
Draba lemmoni X
X
X X
XDraba lonchocarpa X X ....
64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Distribution of ctiaractriistic Arrtir-Alpiitc species—Continued.
Name of species.
1
1
"be
2
•<
s
E
01
o
c
o
c
o.
E
>.
o
u
*
a
c
9
o
u
c
1
c
i
<
e
s
13
X
i
IS
c
a
3
i
s
0)
3
a
X
s
CO
c
1
1
s
e
a
a
i
X
X
X
X
X
X
i
c
a
o
1
X
X
X
X
1
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
•••
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
z
....
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X........
X
X X
X
X X X
X
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X X X X
X
X X X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X .... X
X
X .... X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X .... X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Fest uca ovina supina X X
X
X
X
XGiliadeltilia i
X
X
....
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X .... X
XHieraciiim grncile X
X
.... X X X .... X X
X
X X
z
X
X
X
X X X
X X X
X X X .... X
X
X
X
J uncoidi's spicatum X
X
'
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
••••
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
*
X
z
X
X
X X X
X
X X X
Lewisia iifvadeiisiu X
X
X
X
X
X X
....
X
X
X
.... X
X X X X
XX X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XLutkea pectinata X X
X
X' X X
Lycopodiiim selago
LycopKidium sitchense
Mimuhis alpiniis
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oreastriim a'pigenum X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
Oxvria digyna
Pedicnlarls contorta
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X .... X
X
X X
X
X
Pedicularis ornithorhyncha X
X
X
X X X .... X X
X
X X
Phaca suksdorfii . . X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
X
Phleum alpinum .... X X
X
X
Phlox diffusa
1
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
Poa suksdorfii .. .
.
....
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 65
Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species—Continued.
Name of species. "^ o
<
1
o
a
u
a>
o
2;
a
'3
c
§
o
'p.
a
o
3
c
3
o
.2
1
c
s
o
a
-a
<
5
o
31
c
K
CO
c
a
o
c
o
a
s
o
0)
3
s
J.
m
c
o
c
"5
c
3
o
OS
3
3
o
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Polygonum nevvberryi X
X X X
X
X
X
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
--x
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPotentilla flabellifolia X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
1
1
1 X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
.... X
'
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Saxifraga bongardi X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X |....
i
X X 1.... X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Saxifraga tolmiei X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Silene lyallii X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Viola flettii . ..
X X X
"T"'
REGIONS OF PECTJLIAR BOTANIC INTEREST.
In a State where conditions are so diverse as in Washington, and
where practically every locality that has been carefully explored
contains species of apparently very limited range, it is difficult to say
which places have transcendent botanical interest. Where, however,
the local massing of species of narrow range can be associated with
more or less definite environmental conditions, the phenomenon is
worth especial consideration. The following areas thus deserves
special attention.
THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS.
The most striking peculiarities as regards these mountains, botan-
ically considered, are the excessive rainfall on their southern and
western slopes, and their isolated position. The heavy moisture
precipitation results in modifying greatly the effect of altitude, so
that the lines of zonal demarcation are much obscured. Many Humid
29418—06 M 5
66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Transition species ascend even to the Hiidsonian zone, producing thus
a strange mixture of lowhind and siibalpine phints.
From the isohited position of these mountains together Avith their
considerable elevation, some peculiarities would naturally be presup-
posed. Tlte flora is, however, exceedingly similar to that of the
Cascade ?kIountains. One misses, to be sure, a few conspicuous Cas-
cade inhabitants, such as Saxifraga tohnieu Lnpinus lyalUL Gentlana
cali/rosa, and Eiuephahi,^ Icdop/ii/Uus, but the great majority of the
plants are the same as those of the Cascades. The species which are
not of the Cascade Mountains present, however, some interesting
problems. Up to the present time there are only about ten species
known to be peculiar to the Olympics, and these are all species of
high altitude and most of them abundant as to individuals. They
are as follows
:
Aster pattcirapitatus. Scnccin flettii.
Campanula piprri. Spiraea lieiidersnni.
Epilohium inirahilc. Si/iithi/ris pinnatlflda tomen-
Eri/siiitum areniettla. Inna.
Polemonium amoenu-m. Viola flettii.
Campanula piperi is nearly related to an Alaskan species. The
others have their nearest relatives in Cascade and Sierra forms.
Some few sjjecies have a strangely isolated station in the Olympics.
Phaca hookeriana^ a species of the mountains of northern California
and adjacent Nevada, also occurs in the Blue Mountains and then,
apparently vaulting the Cascades, reappears in the Olympics.
Synthyris pinnat'cfida tonicntosa likewise has no close relative ex-
cept in the Wasatch and Rocky ^lountains.
Thermopsis montana, collected in Chehalis County, is not other-
wise known west of the eastern border of Washington.
Therofon majus intermedium is a subspecies whose parent species
occurs in southeastern Oregon and California, and strangely enough
reappears in abundance in the Bitterroots, though unknown in the
Blue Mountains.
Hedysarum, horeale, a very abimdant species in the Olympics, is
not known from the Cascades at all, though occurring in the north-
ern Rockies and eastward to New England. In the northern Cas-
cades and in the Bitterroots appears the closely related species H.
sulphurescens.
Heuchera racem,osa is an abundant species in the higher Olympics.
Otherwise it is a very rare plant, on Mount Adams and on Mount
Rainier.
Further explorations of these mountains are likely to disclose
other peculiar species. These should be sought especially on the
highest peaks.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XVIIl.
< i
\PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 67
THE COLUMBIA G'ORGE.
The wonderful gorge of the Cohimbia River (PI. XVIII), extend-
ing a distance of about 50 kilometers (38 miles), presents peculiarities
scarcely paralleled elsewhere in the Pacific northwest. The cliffs, ris-
ing hundreds of meters vertical!}', present almost every rupestrine con-
dition. Some of them are in almost perpetual shadow, others sub-
jected to bright sunshine. Some become dry almost with the cessa-
tion of the spring rains, others are bathed constantly in the spray of
waterfalls. There are thus furnished suitable conditions, both to
species from the arid interior and to others that normally flourish
only in cool mountain valleys. The resultant association of Cana-
dian or even Hudsonian species with those of the Transition zones is
strikingly peculiar. \\
That such an unusual environment should be the habitat of a con-
siderable number of species not found elsewhere might have been
predicted. No less than 16 species are practically confined to this
region. They are:
Agrostis hoiceUH. Lomatium sp. nov.
Calamagrosti.s howellii. Mirnulus alslnoidefi.
Delphinium trollUfolium. Pentstemon barrcttae.
Dodcciitheon dentatum. . Poa muUnoinac.
Erigeron hoicelUi. Sullivantia oregaria.
Erigcron orcganus. TeUima odorata.
Hcmicva violacca. Valerianella aphanoptcra.
Hieraciiim longiherhc. Viburnum ellipticurn.
Some few others are worthy of special mention. Bolandra oregana^
otherwise confined to the Columbia gorge, reappears on the bluffs of
Snake River in Wallowa County, Oreg.
Synthyris reniformis^ abundant on the Oregon side of the gorge
almost at the river's edge, has its real home in the Canadian and Hud-
sonian zones of the Blue and Bitterroot mountains. Like several,
other species, it does not occur on the Washington side of the Colum-
bia gorge.
A number of the Canadian and Hudsonian species that descend
into the Columbia gorge are more or less modified from their original
forms and may be regarded as subspecies, when compared with the
alpine forms. Such are
:
Ronianzo/fta sitchensis. Saxifraga occidentalis.
Saxifraga bronchialis. Valeriana sitchensis.
Saxifraga caespitosa.
But a larger number preserve their identity beyond question. Such
are:
Carcx macrochaeta. Pentstemon diffuses.
Vhelone nemorosa. Pentstemon rupicola.
Cornus canadensis. Polypodium hesperium.
Douglasia laevigata, Tofieldia intermedia.
68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
KLICKITAT COUNTY.
A considerable number of species reach their northernmost exten-
sion in Klickitat County or in adjacent Skamania County and are
not otherwise known to occur in Washington. In some cases a long
distance to the southward intervenes before the species again occurs.
This local northern distribution is perhaps due to the association of
Humid and Arid Transition conditions and a warm southern slope
exposure, the resultant combination being highly peculiar.
The species to which the above remarks apply are:
Arnica cradiuta. Juncus uncialis.
Azf>Ha caroUiiiaiia. Lepidiiim nitidnm.
Brotnit.t orcuttiauus. McUca fugax.
Ccanuthus profit rat us. Mimi(lu.s doni/lasii.
CcaiwthuH thyrxifloruH. 'SvtnuphUa .scjnilta.
Colliiisia rattaui. Orogenia linrarifolia.
Collinsia .sparniflora. Panicuiii hirticaiilon.
Ci/iiof/Iossiim fjraiidr. J'ixcaria Kctif/era.
Cypripidium faKciciilaium. Plagiobothrys nothof ulcus.
Epilobium ursinuvi. Potyyonum austiuar.
Eriogonutn nudum. Polygonum grcenci.
Eryng'nim. pctiolatuin. Scribnrria holandcri.
Frstuca voufuRa. Tonrlla collin.'<ioidvx.
Garrya frrtnontii. Trifolium ciliolatiim.
(JUia holandcri. Mburnuni cUipticHin.
Gilia divaricaia. Viola shcltoni.
Hemicarpha occidentalis.
Some of these species will perhaps be found in Washington outside
of Klickitat County, but the flora is well enough explored to make it
quite certain that this will Ik? the case with but few of them.
MOUNT SyUART AND THE WENACHE MOUNTAINS.
Mount Stuart, a tall granitic peak in Kittitas County, and the sur-
rounding Wenache Mountains, have long been of peculiar interest
botanically, owing to the considerable list of species which are there
localized. This peculiar localization of species, several of them with-
out close relatives, seem.s to be in a measure associated with the
granitic character of the region. Recent investigations have shown
that most of the species occur also to the northward, but that they are
confined almost entirely to granitic soils of the crest of the Cascades.
Among the species thus restricted are the following
:
Arahis V'Mtedii. Delphinium xantholeucum.
Cacnliopsis nardosmia ylahrata. Douglasia dentata.-
Calamagrostis tvecdyi. Erigeron leibergii.
CalocJwrtiis lyallii. Leptotaenia toatsoni.
Castilleja elmeri. Leicisia tweedyi.
Cynomarathrmn hrandegei. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha.
Delphinium, viridescens. Poa canbyi.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 69
Rahucra stricia.
Riidbeckia alpicola.
Saxifraya apetala.
Senecio elmeri.
Solidago caurina.
Sphacralcea longiscpala.
Spiraea cincrascens.
Valeriana columbiana.
This extremely restricted range of so considerable a number of
species in a mountain chain which would seem to offer no barrier to
their extension southAvard is perhaps due primarily to the fact that
the greater portion of the Cascade system from Mount Rainier south-
ward is volcanic. Indeed, the eruption of the igneous rocks not only
may have brought about the isolation of the plants above mentioned,
but, through their preference for granitic soils, may have kept them
from spreading southward. This idea further obtains support in the
fact that there are some striking similarities between the flora of the
Mount Stuart region and that of the Klamath region in southwestern
Oregon, which is also largely granitic in character.
This is exemplified by a number of species which do not occur in
Among them are
—
the intermediate region.
Arabis suffrtitescens.
BiknkvUa uniflora.
Campanula scabrella.
Chaenactis nevadensis.
Hoorebekia greenei.
KeUoggia galioidcs.
Ledum glandulosnm.
To these should perhaps be added Cacaliopsis nardosmia gldbrata
and C. nardosmia^ Luina hypoleticn., and L. hypoleticof californica.
Facts to be adduced hereafter in connection with the make-up
of the flora of the Blue Mountains emphasize still more the above
conclusions.
While a great portion of the plants of the Cascade and the Blue
mountains are identical, there are nevertheless many species whose
occurrence in the former mountains is so local that their recurrence
in the latter furnishes some strikingly peculiar facts. As before
stated, the central and southern portions of the Cascade system are
composed of recent volcanic rocks, while the northern portion and
the Siskiyou and other mountains of the Klamath region con-
tiguous to the southern end of the Cascades are made up of older
rocks, largely granite. This difference in geological structure seems
to be directly associated Avith the distribution .of certain plants
here discussed. The facts of the distribution are, first, that there
are species in conmion between the northern Cascades and the
Klamath region which are absent in the intermediate portion of the
Cascades; second, that certain species occur only in the Blues and
the Klamath region or the northern Sierras; third, that others occur
only in the northern Cascades and the Blues; and finally some
species occur in all three regions, but not elsewhere.
70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPECIES COMMON TO THE NORTHERN CASCADES AM) THE lUAE MOUNTAINS."
* Aii<jclica caitb}ii.
Angelica lyallii.
*Cat<tincja orcopnUt.
Clai/foiiia mcffarrhiza. (Also
on Mount Jefferson.)
* Dodccathcoii tctrundruiii.
Frascra sprc'tosa.
*IIi)onbr/,ia hirta.
Hoorebckiu JiidUil.
Lciriniu pyyiinHa.
* ycmophlla hi criflora.
J'arnat<.sia fiinhriata.
* Pcdk'iihirin contorta.
Polygon um ulpin uin.
* A'«;jm»c'h/«.s' fiiksdorfli.
Rhododvndntn iilbifloriini.
Ruiiicr poucifoliiiK.
Sam burns niclanocarpa.
* ailetic orcyana.
SPECIES COMMON TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS AND THE NORTHERN SIERRAS AND
KI.A.MATH REOION.''
Arenaria dculeata.
*A.'<clcpias cryptareraft.
*A>itcr bloomeri.
Calocliortus curyearpus.
Canluux ochroccntru.<*
Caulanthu.'i haxtatus.
Ccrcorarpun Icdifolius.
Colconanth us m icroph yllus.
Draba Icmnioni.
*I'rigcrnn austinac.
*Krlgcron bloomeri.
(ialium hifoVnim.
*(icntiaua simplex.
Gilia micronicria.
Gilia tenerrima.
Iresia baileyi.
Oenoihera scupoidea.
*Prllaea breireri.
*Phnea bolanderi.
Physuriu nen berry i.
I'oa bolanderi.
*J'otentillu brciceri.
*Salix Innmoni.
*Nedum dcblle.
*Smel()irshia fremoiifii.
Hphaeriiseiadium eapitcllatum.
TUalictrum f< ndleri.
*Trifi)lium beckirith ii.
*Tnfoliuvt plunimcrue.
SPECIES CO.MMON TO THE MOUNT STUABT REGION, THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. AND THE
KLAMATH REGION.'"
Agoseris rctrorsa.
*Arabis lennnoni.
*A ra b is suffru teseen s.
Bihiihiillu uniflora.
*Bromus suksdorfli.
Claytonia megarrh iza.
Cordylanthus capitatus.
Erieumcria nana.
Eupatorium occidentale.
*Hoorchekia greenei.
*Hoorebckia greenei mollis.
Ivesia gordoni.
Ledum gland ulosum.
Leuisia triphylla.
*Melicit, fugax.
Meliea stricta.
Spiraea densiflora.
Spraguca umbcllata.
Stipa lemmoni.
*Veronica cusiekii.
*Viola beckirith ii.
Mola purpurea.
No especial attempt has been made to determine what species are
absent from the Bhie Mountains which might bo expected to occur
there. It is especially striking, however, that all the forest trees of
n Species marked with an asterisk are confined to the above regions.
6 Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these three regions.
c Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these two regions.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 71
the adjoining Bitterroots reach the Blues excepting the higher alpine
Larix lyallii and the giant cedar {Thuja jMcatd). The absence
of the last tree is the more marked as it is common throughout the
Bitterroots, even on most of the outh'ing peaks.
Some few other plants common in the Bitterroots are likewise
absent from the Blues. Among them are Frasera fastigiata^ Mitella
atauropetala^ Fe7itste7non pinetorum^ Coptis occidentalism and Asarum
caudatum.
The explanation of this peculiar interrelation in the floras of these
distant mountains is jjrobably to be sought in two facts. First, these
mountain regions are alike in being composed wholly or largely of
granite rocks; second, the intervening portion of the Cascades is
wholly made up of volcanic rocks.
THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
The greater part of this range lies within the State of Oregon.
Its central portion, known as the Powder River Mountains, consists
of granitic peaks which rise to an altitude of 2,400 to 2,700 meters
(7,000 to 9,000 feet). Surrounding this granite center are lower
mountains composed wholly of basalt. Such is the case with the
portion which extends into Washington.
Occupying as they do a nearly central position in the Columbia Ba-
sin, quite widely separated from the Cascade Mountains to the west-
'
ward and the scattered mountains southward, while almost contig-
uous to the outlying ranges of the Bitterroots to the east, peculiar-
ities in the constitution of the flora of these mountains would be ex-
pected. That such is the case was recognized by their earliest ex-
plorer, Douglas, who made no less than three trips into this rather
unique region.
The general facies of the flora is that of all the other mountains
surrounding the Columbia basin. The great majority of the plants
are identical with those of the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains
and scarcely a smaller proportion with those of the adjacent moun-
tains in Idaho.
An analysis of the remaining portion of the Blue Mountains flora
shows that it consists of several elements of diverse origin which
combine to make it peculiar. These elements are, first, those species
that are known to occur only in the Blue Mountains; second, those
species which are common to the Rocky Mountains but which do not
reach the Cascades, and third, those species Avhich are also of more or •
less local distribution in the Cascade Mountains.
The plants known to be limited in distribution to the Blue Moun-
tains are neither numerous nor strikingly different from their nearest
relatives. In themselves they indicate scarcely more than that their
72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
origin is compiiratively recent. It is worthy of note that a large pro-
portion of them are habitants of the higher granitic portions of the
mountains. The list is as follows
:
SPECIES CONFIXED TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
Allium coll in II III.
Alliiiin iiKicriiiii.
Alliiiiii iiKKlidiini.
A raijnU us cuxickii.
Ca la in (ujios t is cusickii.
Cast Hiej(i cusickii.
Castillcja rubitla.
Castillcja rustica.
Draba cusickii.
Elynius nititUDt.
Erif/cron ch rysopaidis.
Erif/cron iiirni bra n ace us.
Erioflon uiii strict uui.
Frascra cusickii.
Lapjiula hispida.
Lnthyrus cusickii.
Lathi/rus ripidus.
Lomatium cusickii.
Lomatium oreganum,
Lupitius cusickii.
Lupiiius sabiuci.
Lupitius sulphureus.
Madia raniosa.
J'ciitstcnion cusickii.
Pcutstcnion venustus.
Phaca cusickii.
Ph IIsaria orcgaua.
PotcntiUa brcrifolia.
Primula cusickiana.
Ptcry.ria focniculacea.
Ptcry-ria th apsoidcs.
Quamasia cusickii.
Ranunculus populago.
Scnccio condcnsatus.
Sitanion latifolium.
T'licnscndia alpiijcna.
The Rocky Mountain element consists of a considerable number of
species, including some genera which otherwise do not occur in
AYashington or Oregon. Most of these are confined to the higher
granitic peaks, very few occurring within "Washington limits. The
presence of this Rocky Mountain element is undoubtedly a direct
result of immediate contiguity, though the species may have been
isolated on these remote peaks for a long period. It is noteworthy
that a number of the list reach the Sierra Nevada but not the Cas-
eades. The species are as follows
:
SPECIES THAT OCCUB ALSO IN THE BOCKIES BUT NOT IN THE CASCADES.
Androsace septcnirionalis.
Anemone parviflora.
Arabis microphylla.
Aster elegans.
Aster integrifoliuH.
Aster scopulorum.
Carex hystricina.
Conioselinum .scopulorum.
Corallorhiza corullorhiza.
Draba alpina.
Draba glacialis.
Erigeron armeriaefplius.
Erigeron coulteri.
Eriogonum piperi.
Eritrichium elongatum.
Galium bifolium.
Hcdysarum mackenzii.
Lepidium montanuni.
Leucocrin urn um brllntum.
Ligusticmn ten uifolium.
Peraphyllum ramosissimum
.
Ph aca a borigin um
.
Phaca kentrophyta.
Polemoninm confertum.
Pinus flexilis.
Salix femaldil.
Senecio renifolius.
Thlaspi glauca.
PIPEK FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 73
PLANTS KNOWN TO OCCUR ONLY IN WASHINGTON.
There are 158 recognized species and 27 subspecies of vascular
plants which have thus far been found only within the confines of
Washington. They are as follows
:
Agastache occidentalis.
Agropip'on flexuosum.
Agropyron saxicola.
Agropijron spicattim puberu-
lentum.
Allium crenulatuni.
Alsine icashingtoniana.
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia di-
versifolia.
Amelanchier cuneata.
Angelica canbyi.
Antennaria confinis.
Antennaria hendersoni.
Antennaria latisquamxi.
Antennaria leucophaea.
Antennaria tomentella.
Apocynum ciliolatum.
Arabis atrorubens.
Arabls subvillosa secunda.
Arabis whitedii.
Arnica betonicaefolia.
Artemisia atomifera.
Aster elmeri.
Aster wattii.
Atriplex zostera>cfolia.
Cacaliopsis nardosmia gla-
brata.
Calamagrostis inexpansa bar-
btilata.
Calamagrostis langsdorfii lac-
tea.
Calamagrostis tweedy i.
Campanula piperi.
Capnorea fulcrata.
Capnorea villosula.
Carex nebraskensis ultri-
formis.
Carex paddoensis.
Castilleju angustifolia abbre-
viata.
Castillefa angustifolia
whitedii.
Castilleja elmeri.
Castilleja ^.evisecta.
Castilleja miniata dixonii.
Castilleja crispula.
Castilleja rupicola.
Caatilleja suksdorfiL
Clematis suksdorfii.
Coelopleurum maritimum.
Crataegus piperi.
Crepis glareosa.
Crepis rostrata.
,
Cynomarathrum brandegei.
Delphinium viridescens.
Delphinium xanlholcucum,
Douglasia dentata.
Drymocallis glahrata.
Epilobium miraMle.
Elymiis condensatus pubens.
Elymus virescens.
Erigeron aureus.
Erigeron curvifolius.
Erigeron leibergii.
Erigeron poliospenniis.
Eriogomim donglasii ramo-
sum.
Eriogonum minim um.
Eriogomim tolmieanum.
Eriogonum umbellatum hypo-
leium.
Erysim um arenicola.
Eucephalus paucicapitatus.
Fragaria crinita.
Galium cymosum.
Hemieva violacca.
Hespcrogen ia stricklan d i.
Heuchera glabella columbiana.
HeuchcrU: raccmosa.
Hookera bicolor.
Hydastylus borealis.
Hydastylus brachypus.
Hypericum bryophytum.
Isoetes cchinospora Ueitii.
Isoetes minima.
Isoetes piperi.
Juncus columbianus.
Lappula ciliata.
Lappula cottoni.
Lappula hendersoni.
Lappula saxatilis.
Lathyrus obovatus stipula-
ceus.
Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior.
Leptotaenia watsoni.
Lesquerella douglasii.
74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ligiisiicum puri)iiicum.
Lomatium macntcarpnin arte-
Dnshiniiii.
Lomaiimn suksdorfii.
Lupin us alpicoln.
Lupin us saxosus.
Lupin us subalpinus.
Lupinus subscriccus.
Lupinus rolcanicus.
Madia exifjua macroccphala.
MeJica bella intonsa.
Mcntzrlia brandrpci.
Mertcnsia ranrscrns.
Mertensia infirmA.
Mertcnsia laevigata.
Mertensia plati/pbuH't-
Mitella micrantha.
Monardella discolor.
Mnnardella nern^sa.
Nararntin lUvkitatensis.
Oreoeari/a eelin<i<tides.
Onorariin leueoph aea.
Oreneurj/a spieulifrra.
Orthoearpus barbatux.
Ori/zupsis h en derson i.
I'edicularis ornithorhyneha.
Pentsteinon gairdncri liians.
Pentsieniun pruinosux.
Prntstrnion rupietila.
prulsienion variabilis.
Pliiica a rrecta Icibergii.
Phtiea fifarcoKa.
Pliaca lyallii.
Phaca seleroearpa.
Phaea xerotina.
Phaca sinuata.
Phaca speirocarpa.
Phaca suksdorfii.
Phaca ticeedyi.
Phacelia lent a.
Physaria geycri.
Phlox lanceolata.
Phlox viridis.
Phlox ichitedii.
Poa cottoni.
Poa curtifolia.
Poa leckenbyi.
Poa pachypholis.
Poa suksdorfii.
Polemonium amoenum.
Polemonium elcgans.
Polemon i um pectinatum.
Potentilia permollis.
Q uani asia s uksdorfi i.
Ifainiera stricta.
Ranunculus triternatus.
Ribes icatsonianuni.
Rub us hesperiux.
Rudbeckia alpicola.
Saxifraga apetula.
Sedum dicergens.
Senecio condensatus.
Senecio elmeri.
Senecio fiettii.
Senecio foetidus.
Senecio fraternus.
Senecio vaseyi.
Silenc suksdttrfii.
Sitanion basalticola.
Sitanion latifoliunt.
Sitanion plantfolium.
Sitanion rubesccns.
Solidago caurina.
Sphaeralcca longisepala.
Sphaerostigma hilgardi.
Spiraea cinerascens^
Spiraea hendersonii.
Stipa coma ta inlonsa.
Stipn elmeri.
Stipa thurberiana.
Syniphoricarpos aeutus.
Synth yrix piiinalifida tomen-
toxa.
Synth yrix .sch iza ii ih a.
Talinum spincscens.
Teuerium occidentale visci-
dum.
Thelypodium streptanthoides.
Therofon majus intermedium.
Trillium crassifoliiim.
Vtricularia intermedia.
Vaccinium deliciosum.
Vagnera racemosa brachys-
tyla.
Valeriana coltimbiana.
Valerianella aphanoptera.
Valerianella mamillata.
Veratum caudatum.
Veronica allenii.
Viola fiettii.
Viola trin^vata.
Xanth luni oligaean th um
.
Two of the genera included above, Rainiera and Hesperogenia, are
monotypic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHII^GTON. 75
PLANTS WHICH PROBABLY WILL BE FOUND TO OCCUR IN
WASHINGTON.
The folloATing list consists of species which are known either to
occur both in Oregon and British Columbia, or else to grow within
13 kilometers (10 miles) of the Washington boundary. Most of
them will probabl}^ be found to occur in AVashington localities:
Agrostis howeUii Scribner. Rooster Rock, Oreg.
Allium cusickU S. Wats. Bluffs opposite Lewiston, Idaho.
Andromeda polifoUa K Priest Lal-ce. Idaho.
Arnica aiirantiaca Greene. Blue Mountains. Oreg., and Chilliwack, B. C.
Aster cordalenus Hend. Lake Co^ur d'Alene. Idaho.
Aster lyalli A. Gray. Priest Lake.
Astrarialus hoiccllii A. Gray. Near The Dalles, Oreg.
lirachi/actis frondosa (Nutt. ) Gray. The Dalles, Oreg.
Cared- interior Bailey. Chilliwack Valley, B. C.
Chiogenes hispid uhi (Tj.) Tow. & Gray. Priest Lake. n
Cyperus houghtoni Torr. Upper Ferry, near Lewiston, Idaho.
Delphiniiini troll iifolium A. Gray. South bank of Gohunbia below Cascades.
Erigeron howeUii A. Gray. Near tlie Cascades of the Columbia, Oreg.
Eriophorum angustifolium Roth. Chilliwack Valley, B. C.
Eupatorium purpureitm L. Saturna Island, B. C.
Festuca reflexa Buckl. Portland, Oreg.. and Vancouver Island.
Hoircllia aquatilis A. Gray. Sauvies Island, Oreg., and Kootenai County, Idaho.
Lepidium idahoense Heller. Lewiston, Idaho.
Lilaea subulata H. B. K. Oregon and Vancouver Island.
Lomatiwm donnellii Coult. & Rose. Near Lewiston, Idaho.
Microseris hif/elovii A. Gray. Oregon and Vancouver Lsland,
Mimvlus cUvicola Greennian. Thatuna Hills, Idaho.
Mimulus scouleri Hook. Tongue I'oint, Oreg.
Mitella stauropetala Piper. Thatuna Hills, Latah County, Idaho.
Myosurus sessilis S. Wats. Near Arlington, Oreg.
Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffni. Saturna Island, B. C.
Poa invaginata Scribner & Williams. Mitchells Point, Oreg.
>S'a/(> prolixa Anders. Mouth of Fraser River, B. C.
Sanicula marilandica L. North Idaho.
Bavastana macrophyUa (Thnrb. ) Beal. Sauvies Island, Oreg.
tScirpus macounii Holm. Chilliwack Valley. B. C.
Sullivantia oregana Wats. Multuomuli Falls, Oreg.
76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS
OF WASHINGTON.
POLYPODIACEAE. Fern Family.
Indusium wanting, the sori naked.
Sori elongated, following the veins, often branched or netted. . Ceropteris (p. 76).
Sori round.
Leaves pinnatilid; sori large, on the tips of the veins Polyiodium (p. 76).
Leaves tornate or twice to tlirice pinnatilid; sori small, on
the backs of the veins Phegopteris (p. 77).
Indusium present.
Sori marginal covered by the more or less modified margin
of the leaf (false indusium).
Sporangia on a marginal vein which connects the ends
of the lateral veinlets Pteridium (p. 78).
Sporangia at or near the ends of unconnected veins.
False indusium continuous Pellaea ( p. 78).
False indusium not continuous.
Sporangia on the under side of the "false in-
dusium AdIANTUM ( p. 78)
.
Sporangia on the leaf surface l>eneath the false
indusium Cheilantues ( p. 79)
.
Sori not marginal nor covered by a false indusium.
Fruit-bearing veins parallel to the midril); sori linear.
Sori nearest to the margin; leaves of two sorts Stkuthiopteris (79).
Sori nearest to the midrib ; leaves all alike Woodwardia ( p. 79)
Fruit veins not panvUel to the midrib; sori not linear.
Sori oblong, on oblique veins.
L'caves pinnate, small, firm Asplenium ( p. 80)
.
Leaves bipinnate, large, flaccid Athyrium ( p. 80).
Sori round.
Indusium conspicuous, peltate or reniform.
Leaves firm, coriaceous; indusium peltate.. Polystichum (p. 80).
Leaves membranaceous; indusium renifoim. Dryqpteris (p. 81).
iudusium inconspicuous, not peltate or reniform.
Indusium under the sorus, stellately divided. Woodsia (p. 82).
Indusiiun hooded, fixed by a broad base Filix (p. 82).
CEBOPTERIS.
1. Ceropteris triangularis (Kaulf.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 29: 630. 1902.
Gold-back fern.
Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 73. 1824.
Gymno-pteris triangularis Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in California." Collected by Chamisso.
Range: British Columbia to California and Arizona.
Speclmens examined: San Juan Island, Gardner 392. Also reported from Eatonville,
Flett, and from near Port Angeles.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
POLYPODITJM.
Leaves leathery ; veins more or less netted \. P. scouleri.
Leaves membranous; veins free.
Pinnae attenuate, acute or acuminate 2. P. occidentale.
Pinnae short, obtuse 3. P. hesperium.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 77
1. Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. Icon. Fil. 1: pi. 56. 1829.
Leatiieu-leaf polypody.
Polypodium pachyphyllum. D. C. Eaton, Am. Journ. Sci. 11. 22: 138. 1856.
Type locality : Not ascertained.
Range: British Columbia to California along the coast.
Specimens examined: Granville, Conard 320; Fort Canby, Bruner, October 29, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Polypodium occidentale (Hook.) Maxon, Fern Bull. 12: 102. 1904.
Licorice polypody.
Polypodium vulgare occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840.
Polypodium falcatum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 1: 20. 1854.
Type locality: "On rocks and decayed wood, common near the confluence of the
Columbia with the sea." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 300; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20, 1888; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 2811; Grays Harbor, Witkes Expedition 11; Castle Rock, Piper,
October 31, 1901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 200. 1900.
Type locality: "In Coyote Canon, Lake Chelan, Washington." Collected by Gorman.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Stehekin, Whited 1392; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 703; without locality,
Vasey 41 ; Cape Horn, Piper 5013, 5015; Mount Baldy, Conard 288; Kettle Falls, Beattie cfc
Chapman 2225.
Zonal distribution : Canadian to Arctic.
This species is the basis for the record of Polypodium vulgare L. in Suksdorf's List.
Polypodium californicum Kaulf. {Polypodium intermedium Hook. & Arn.) is reported
from the Columbia River, collected by Scouler, in Hooker's Flora 2: 258. It is quite
certain that there is a mistake here either as to locality or as to identity.
PHEGOPTERIS. Beech fern.
Plant densely tufted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid 1. P. alpestris.
Plants spreading by rootstocks; leaves triangular.
Leaves bipinnatifid ; rachis winged 2. P. phegopteris.
Leaves ternate, the stalked divisions pinnate or bipinnate; rachis
wingless 3. P. dryopteris.
1. Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett.Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 83. 1856.
Polypodium aZpes/re Hoppe, Taschenl). 216. 1805.
Type LOCALITY : European.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California. Europe.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Zya/Hn 1859; Clallam County,
Elmer 2806; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson, August
10, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2111; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 658; Wenache region,
2,120 meters altitude, Brandegee 1222; Bridge Creek, Elmer 636.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 462. 1893.
Phegopteris polypodioides Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52.
Polypodium phegopteris L. Sp. PI. 2: 1089. 1753.
Polypodium phegopteris minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europac fagetis et in Virginia."
Range; Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Iowa, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, SuA-sf/or/" 2035.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
/8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) F^e, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52.
Polypodium dryopteris L. Sp. PI. 2: 10113. 1753.
Polypodutm dryopteris riyidiiis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1840.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Xewfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Virginia.
Speclmexs examined: Clallam County, £,7«if/' 2813: Wliidby Island, 6?ar(/n«'/' 372; Port
Ludlow, Binns, June 18, 1889: Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 659; Stevens Pas.s, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 778, Whited 1436; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 732; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 212, 185;
lone, Kreager 404; Mount Carlton. Kreager 275.
Zonal uistribltiox: Mostly Canadian.
ADIANTUM.
1. Adiantum pedatum aleuticum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 49. 1845.
Maiden-hair fern.
Adiantum pedatum rangiferinum Bui^>ss, Proc. Roy. Soc. Canada 4^: 11. 1887.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Quebec, soutli to California.
Speci-MEns e.\a.mined: Clallam County, Elmer 2809; Mount Stuart, Sandberg dc Leiberg
820; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, liXX); Hoi-seshoe Basin, Lake li; TIull m\: Elmer 723;
west Klickitat County, S«A\f</or/2030; without localit}-, Vasey in 1889; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal DiSTRiBirrioN; Humid Transition to Canadian.
PTERIDIUM.
1. Pteiidium aqtiilinum pubescens Undcrw. Our Native F^erns ed. 6. 91. 1900.
Bracken.
Pleris aquilina lanuginosa Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VF. 2: 176. 1832, not Pteris
lanuginosa Bory 1810.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Ala.ska to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1416; Tumwatcr C&nyiyi^, Sandberg d' Leiberg .520; Wawawai, Beattie, July 12, 1902; Clea-
lum Lake, Cotton 1852.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition, abundant; Arid Transition, occasional.
PELLAEA.
Veins manifest; leaves oblong, pinnate, the segments oblong, obtuse,
not crowded 1 . P. occidentalis.
Veins concealed; leaves ovate, tripinnate, the linear acute segments
crowded 2. P. densa.
1. Pellaea occidentalis (E. Nelson) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 466. 1900.
Pellaea atropurpurea occidentalis E. Nelson, Fern Bull. 7: 30. 1899.
Pellaea pumila Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 4. 1900.
Type locality: " In a.cafion in the Laramie Plills," Wyoming.
Range: South Dakota to Wyoming and Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2083.
Zonal distribution: Doubtful.
2. Pellaea, densa (Brack.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 150. 1858.
Onychium densum Brack, in Wilkes Exped. 16: 120. t. 13. 1854.
Type locality: "Oregon, on the banks of Rogue's River."
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2810; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1105; Sand-
berg (& Leiberg 821; Stehekin River, Whited 1385; Blue Mountains, Homer 526; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution : Probably Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 79
CHEILANTHES.
Leaf-blades glabrous above, bipinnate; ultimate segments mostly entire. . \. C. gracillima^
Leaf-blades pubescent above, tripinnate or tripinnatifid; ultimate seg-
ments mostly crenate 2. C. feei.
1. Cheilanthes gracillima D. C. Eaton, Bot. Mex. Bound. 234. 1859. Lace fkrn.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Oregon at 7,000 feet altitude, lat. 44°."
Collected by Newberry.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2814; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1054;
Mount Adams, SnJcsdorf 521 ; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1211; Stehekin River, Whited 1384;
Lake Chelan, Whiied 1396; Bridge Creek, Elmer 660; without locality, Vasey 37, 38.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition to Hudsonian.
2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Index Fil. 38. 1857.
Myriopteris gracilis Fee, Gen. Fil. 150. 1850-52.
Cheilanthes lanvginosa Nutt. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858.
Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf.
Type locality: "Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America septentr."
Range: British Columbia to Illinois, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 1768, 1884.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CRYPTOGRAMMA.
1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. 367. 1823.
Type locality: "In shady rocky woods, between lat. 56° and 60° north. (First
found by Mr. Menzies at Nootka Sound.)"
Range: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Colorado, and California.
Specimens exa.mined: ClallamCounty,£'/wer2807;Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895;
Flett, July, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, August 1, 1893; Skagit Pass, Lahe cfc
Hull 660; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cS^ Leiberg 781
;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1209; Lake Chelan, Whited 1390; Horseshoe
Basin, Elmer 734; Davis Lake, Kreager, ku^si, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Stehekin, Griffiths cfe Cotton 235; Cape Horn, Piper 5006, 4978.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
STRUTHIOPTERIS.
1. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss, PI. Crypt. 287. 1770. Deer fern.
Osmunda spicant L. Sp. PI. 2: 1066. 1753.
Lomaria spicant Desv. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 5: 325. 1811.
Blechnum doodioides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 263. 1840. •
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa."
Range: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.
Speci.mens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2803; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20,
1889; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 774; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
WOODWARDIA.
1. Woodwardia spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Mem. Acad. Brux. 16^: 64. 1842.
Woodwardia chamissoi Brack, in Wilkes Exped. 16: 138. 1854.
Type locality: Near Mount Orizaba, Mexico.
Range: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Steilacoom, Flett in 1902.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition. '
80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ASPLENIUM.
Sori curved ; leaves flaccid, hipinnate, 0.5 to 1 ni. long I. A. qtdosorum.
Sori straight; leaves firm, 6 to 20 cm. long, simply pinnate.
Rachis brown ; leaf segments oval 2. .1. trichomanes.
Rachis green ; leaf segments ovate 3. -1 . riride.
1. Aspleniiun trichomanes L. Sp. PI. 2: 1080. 1753. Spleenwort.
Type lckalitv: European.
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Alabama.
Specimens examined: Snmiualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie, Hind-
shaic; East Seattle, Hindshaw; west Klickitat County, Suitsdor/" 1228; Cape Horn, Pi/)€r
4971; Quinault, O'onard 220; Kirkland, Wiltenmyer.
Zonal distribi'tion: Humid Transition.
2. Aspleniiun viride Huds. Fl. Angl. 385. 1762.
Type ux:ality: "Habitat in rupibus humidis in comitatibus Eboracensi et Westmor-
landica, " England.
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1216; near Mount Baker, Fhtt.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian or Arctic.
ATHYRIXJM.
1. Athyrium cyclosorum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 41. 1845.
Type Lf)CALiTY; '' Petropawlowsk! et Unalaschka! Kadiak!"
Range: Alaska to Nebra.ska and California. Kamchatka.
Specimens exa.mined: Olympia, Hendernon, August 23, 1892; Stehekin, Whited 1387;
Stevens 1'a.ss, Sandberg tfr I^iherg 771; Skagit Pass, Lake cfe HvJl, August 24, 1892; with-
out locality, Vaxey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Canadian.
This species has commonly been referred to A. Jilix-foemina (L.) Roth, from which it
appeai-s amply distinct.
POL.YSTICHTJM.
Leaves simply pinnate.
Leaf-stalk .short; segments triangular or broadly lance-
olate ] . P. lonchilis.
Leaf-stalk long; segments linear-lanceolate.
Leaves 60 to 90 cm. long, the segments not over-
lapping 2. P. munilum.
Leaves about 30 cm. long, the segments overlapping. . 2a. P. munitum imbricans.
Leaves bipinnate or bipinnatifid.
Sori few ; leaves bipinnate at base 3. P. lemmoni.
Sori numerous; leaves bipinnatifid at base 4. P. scopulinum.
1. Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 71. 1800. Holly fern.
Polypodium lonchitis L. Sp. PI. 2: 1088. 1753.
Aspidium lonchitis Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. ISOO^: 30. 1801.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpinis Helvetiae, Baldi, Arvoniae, Monspelii, Virginiae.
"
Range: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 5, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf
20.56; mountains near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1220; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 6.59.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON". 81
2. Polysucnum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 83. 1836.
Aspidium munitum Kaulf. Enuin. Fil. 236. 1824.
Type locality: "Habitat in California." Collected by Chamisso.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2808; Montesano, Heller 4035; Seattle,
Piper, December, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 38; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2a. Polystichum munitum imbricans (D. C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 30. 1900.
Aspidium munitum imbricans D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 1: 188. 1879.
Type locality: "In Plumas County" and "at Red Mountain, Mendocino County,"
California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, fi'Zmer 2815; Vesh&sim., Sandberg & Leiherg,iu\y,
1893; Lake Chelan, Widted 1382; Horseshoe 'R&sm, Lake & Hulimi; Tumwater Canyon,
Sandherg tfc Leiherg 517; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan, Gormdn 641.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Hudsonian.
3. Polystichum lem.m.oni Underw. Our Native Ferns, ed. 6. 116. 1900.
Type locality: "Near Mt. Shasta, California."
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmei- 1114; Sandherg cfc Leiherg 812; Brandegee
1219.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Polystichimi scopulinum (D. C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900.
Aspidium aculeatum scopulinum D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 125. 1880.
Type locality: "In the Upper Teton Canon in Eastern Idaho."
Range: Wa.shington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1113; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1883;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 707; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2084; Eatonville, Elett.
Zonal distribution: Canadian to Hudsonian.
Flett's Eatonville specimens were referred to P. californicum (D. C. Eaton) Underw.,
but that species is not known to occur in Washington.
DRYOPTERIS.
Veins simple or once forked; leaves glandular \. D. oreopteris.
Veins freely forking.
Indusia with marginal glanda 2. D. spinvlosa dilcdaia.
Indusia without marginal glands 3. Z). jilix-mas.
1. Dryopteris oreopteris (Sw.) Maxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 23: 638. 1901.
Aspidium oreopteris Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 35. 1800.
Polypodium montanum Vogler, Dissert. Polyp. Mont. 1781, not Lam. 1778.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia,.
Specimens examined: Bridge Creek, jE'^mer 671.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (HofTm.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 4: 116.
1893. Wood fern.
Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 7. 1795.
Aspidium spinulosum dilatatum Hook. Brit. Fl. 444. 1830.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Montana, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2804; Montesano, Heller 3919; Samish
29418—06 M 6
82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lake, Suksdorf 1029: Lake Cushraan, Henderson 1206: Taconia, Flett 140, 141; Skoko-
mish Valley, Kincaid, May 17, 1S92: Bridge Creek, Elmer 670; without locality Vasey
1889.
Zonal distribitiox: Humid Transition.
3. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Scliott, Gen. Fil. 1834. Male fern.
Polyjx>dium Jjlix-mas L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090. 17.'i3.
Aspidiwn flir-inas Svr. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 38. 1801.
Type lckality: ' Habitat in Europae sylvi.s.''
Range: Ala.ska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Nova Scotia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examlned: F'aleon Valley, ^JwiWor/" 1230.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
FILIX.
1. Filix fragilis (L.) Undenv. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. Bladder fern.
Polyi>odium fragile L. Sp. PI. 2: 1091. 17.53.
Cystopteris fragilis Bemh. Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. 1*: 27. 1806.
T^PE LocALiTi": European.
Range: Alaska to Labnidor, south to California, Kansas, and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County. Elmer 2812; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 12,
1889, 2106; upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1219;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 18t)2; Egbert Springs, Sandberg c(* Leiberg 351; We-
nache Mountains, H'Ai/frf 1075: Waitsburg, //om«r260; without locality, Uasey 49; Almota,
Piper, May 2, 1897.
Zonal distribition: Transition to .Vrctic
WOODSIA.
Leaves viscid-puberulent ; lobes of the indusium broader at base I. W. scopulina.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; lobes of the indusium hair-like 2. W. oregana.
1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865.
Type ukality: "Rocky Mountains near 40° north latitude, Parry, Hall and Harbour;
Columbia River, Brackenridge; Frazer River, near 49° north latitude, Mrs. John Miles."
Range: ^\Jaska to Ontario, Colorado, and California.
Speclmens examined: Ellensburg foothills, Elmer 418; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1879; Wenache River, Bramlegee 1224; Rainbow Falls, WhUed 1407; Stehekin, Whited
1391; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lya//; Spokane, Z>eiwir<; without locality, Fascj/ in
1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4975.
Zonal distribction: Transition, mostly arid.
2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865.
Woodsia obtusa hjallii Hook. Syn. Fil. 48. 1868.
Type locality: "Dalles of the Columbia River, Major Raines; Rocky Mountains near
40° north latitude. Hail and Harbour."
Range: British Columbia to the Great Lakes, south to California, Arizona, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877, Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 422; Coulee City, Piper 3850; between Coulee City and Waterville, SpiUman,
May 27, 1896; Spraguc, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1734; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 218; near Spokane, .ffreajre/- 171; Coulee City, Piper
3850; Republic, Beattie & Chapman 22.58.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 83
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.
Sterile portion of leaf simple, entire; veins netted Ophioglossum.
Sterile portion of leaf pinnately divided or compound; veins free Botryciiium.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.
1. Ophioglossum viilgatuin L. Sp. PI. 2: 1062. 1753. Adder's tonguk.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis sjlvaticis."
Range: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Maine. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf, June 26, 1895; Falcon Valley,
Sulcsdarf 1218.
Zonal, distribution; Humid Transition.
BOTRYCHIUM. Grape fern.
Bud in a cavity at one side of the base of the stem ; leaves thin, temate,
then pinnately much divided 1. B. virginianum.
Bud inclosed in the base of the stalk.
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the base of the rather large plant . 2. B silaifolium.
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the middle of the usually small
plant.
Green part of leaf oblong, its segments fan-shaped.
Segments ti\incate at base, overlapping 3. B. lunaria.
Segments cuneate at base, distant A. B. onondagense.
Green part of leaf triangular or ovate, the segments not fan-
shaped.
Segments lanceolate, acute; midvein continuous 5. B. lanceolatum.
Segments oblong-ovate, obtuse; midvein dissipated 6. B. negledum.
1. Botrychium virginiaimm (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. ISOO^: 111. 1801.
Osmunda virginiana L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in America."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Arizona, Texas, and
Florida.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pij>er 906.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Botrychium silaifolium. Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1: 76. 1825.
Botrychium occidentale Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25: 538. 1898.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nootka-Sound."
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Henderson 1852; Seattle, Tarleion, July, 1894;
Piper, October, 1892; Lake Wenache, Sandberg <& Leiherg 639; Usk, Kreager 360; Lake
Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897. •
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species appears in Suksdorf 's List as Botrychium tematum Swartz.
3. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. ISOO^: 110. 1801.
Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064. 1753.
Type locality : European.
Range: Washington to Colorado and Labrador and northward. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith, October, 1888; l^ionnt M&ms, Suksdorf
,
July 11, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The Mount Adams specimen is the basis for the inclusion of Botrychium simplex Hitch-
cock in Suksdorf 's List. ' '
84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAX. HERBARIUM.
4. Botrychium onondagense L'ndcnv. Bull. Torr. Chih 30: 47. 1903.
Type locality: Near Split Rock, Syraouse, Now York.
Range: Wasliingto:i, ^io::tana. Michigan, and New York.
Specimens examined: Glympie Mountains at foot of Mount Steele, Piper 928.
Zonal distbibitiox: Doubtful.
5. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs. Bot. Notiser 1854: 68. 1854.
Osmunda InnceoUita S. G. Gmel. Nov. Conim. Acad. Sci. Petrop. 12: 51(5. 1768.
TiPE locality: Kuropean.
Range: Wa-shington to Colorado, Pennsylvania, and northward. Europe. -\sia.
Speclmens examined: ?\H>t of Mount Rainier. Allen, August 2, 1899.
Zonal dlstribition : Probably Canadian.
6. Botrychium neglectuin Wood, Classbt)ok Bot. 635. 1847.
Type locality: "Growing in woods, Meriden, N. H."
Range. Ala.ska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, South Dakota, and Maryland.
Specimens e.xamineu: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1220.
MARSILEACEAE.
MARSILEA.
1. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. fl. 159. 1832.
Type ixk'ality "Ad flumaen Columbian!, ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalla."
Range: British Columbia to Kan.sa.s and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 227 ; opposite mouth of Wenache River,
Waison 470; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 119; Columbia River Valley, Brandegee
1225; Wenache, White4 1426: Pa.sco, IIindnhaw 35; Lake Chelan, Lake dh Hull 657: Pull-
man, Piper 1736; Henderson 2431: Almota, Pipfr, September 9, 1896; Sentinel BlulFs,
Cotton 1347.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
SALVINIACEAE.
AZOLLA.
1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. PI. 6: 541. 1810.
Type locality: "Hab. in aquis Carolinae."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Florida and Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, S?/A:s(/or/" 1216.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
EQUISETACEAE.
EQUISETTTM. Horsetail.
Stems evei^reen, perennial; spike tipped with a rigid point.
Plant tall and stout: stems many-grooved, 0.5 to 2 meters high.
Stems rough-tuberculatc, dark green \.E. hyemale.
Stems smooth, pale 2. E. laevigatum.
Plants tufted, slender; stems 5 to 10-grooved.
Sheaths 5 to 10-toothed; stems hollow Z.E. variegatum.
Sheaths 3-toothed ; stems solid A.E. scirpoides.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 85
Stems annual; spikes not mucronate.
Fertile stems pale-brown, short-lived; sterile with many branches.
Stems slender, 6 to 10-furrowed 5. E. arvense.
Stems stout, 20 to 40-furrowed 6. E. telmateia.
Fertile stems green like the sterile, naked or branched.
Stems obscurely ridged ; sheaths appressed 7. E.fiuviatile.
Stems acutely ridged ; sheaths loose S.E. palustre.
1. Equisettun hyemale L. Sp. PI. 2: 1062. 1753. Scouring rush.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae sylvis, asperis, uliginosis."
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Geoi^ia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 1243, 2161, 2162; Wenache,
Whited, May 17, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner, February 1, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 294, July 2,
1896 ; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Canadian.
Mr. A. A. Eaton considers that this variable species consists of several definable sub-
species. Ours are thus classified
:
Ridges with 2 rows of tubercles hyemale californicum Milde.
Ridges with bands of silex.
Sheaths loose; stems stout hyemale intermedium A. A. Eaton.
Sheaths close; stems with fertile branches hyemale suksdorfii A. A. Eaton.
The first subspecies has commonly been referred to E. robustum A. Br.
2. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 87. 1844.
Type locality: "On the banks of the river, below St. Louis," Missouri.
Range: British Columbia to New York, south to California, Texas, and Georgia.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2135; North Yakima, Hen-
derson 2263 and May 26, 1892; White Salmon, SuArsdor/" 317; without locality, Vasey, 1889;
Old Fort Colville, Watson 472; Pullman, Piper 1733 and June 20, 1893; Kiona, Cotton 735.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Cajt. PI. Helvet. 27. 1807.
Type locality: Switzerland.
Range: Arctic America, south to Nevada and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2(y99.
4. Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Fl. 2: 281. 1803.
Type locality: "Ilab. in vetustis sylvis Canadae."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Illinois, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, jTrea^er 389; lone, Kreager 405.
5. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 1061. 1753.
Equisetum saxicola Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae agris, pratis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to California and New England. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Everett, Piper, July, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2163;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1238; Pullman, Piper, May 15, 1893; Elmer 210, May, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition mainly.
6. Equisetum. tehnateia Ehrh. Hannov. Mag. 138. 1783.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to California. Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; March, 1892; upper Valley Nis-
qually, AUen 175; Wenache, Whited 19, May 17, 1895; near Bingen, Suksdorf 1237 ; White
Salmon, Suksdorf 315.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Equisetum fluviatile L. Sp. PI. 1: 1062. 1753.
Eqnisetum limosum L. loc. oit.
Type locality: "Habitat in Eiiropa ad ripas lacuum, fluviorum."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens ex.\mined: Now Ltmdon, Lamb 1203 and June 12, 1897 ; Lake Cushman, Piper,
August, 1895; Henderson 1190: SkamaniaCounty,5MX-«/or/^2164and August 17, 1892; Seat-
tle, Piper, July 10, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
One of Suksdorf's specimens was distributed and included in his list as E. littorale Kiihle.
8. Equisetum palustre L. Sp. PI. 2: 1061. 1753.
Type ix)cality: "Habitat in Europae aquosis."
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington and New York. Europe.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County. Suksdorf 46.
LYCOPODIACEAE.
LYCOPODITJM. CixBMOSS.
Sporangia in the axils of ordinary leaves.
Sporangial leaves forming a terminal spike I.Z.. inundatum.
Sporangial leaves subterminal, the terminal leaves sterile.
Stems rigid ; leaves all alike, a-scending 2. L. selago.
Stems not rigid ; leaves spreading, of two sorts, long and short. 3. L. Incidulum.
Sporangia in the axils of modified leaves crowded in spikes.
Stems leafy up to the spikes or nearly so.
Leaves 6 to 8-ranked, spreading A. L. annotiunm.
Leaves 5-ranked, appressed 5. L. intchense.
Stems of the fruiting branches nearly naked.
Leaves all alike ; stems cylindric 6. /,. daintum.
Leaves of two forms ; stems flattened 7. L. complanatum
.
1. Lycopodium inundatum L. Sp.'Pl. 2: 1102. 1753.
Type ixxaliti': European.
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, south in the Alleghanies to Georgia. Europt>.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Chamliers Lake near 01ympia,Hciu/cr8on 2048; Spanaway Lake,
Flett.
2. Lycopodium selago L. Sp. PI. 2: 1102. 1753.
Ti'PE locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and Carolina. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2232; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1390;
Mount Baker, Fhtt 162; Snoqualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper,
August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg tfe Leiberg, August, 1893; Bridge Creek, Elmer 686.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Fl. 2: 284. 1803.
Type LOCALnY: "Hab. a Canada ad Carolinam Montosam."
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Iowa, and North
Carolina.
Specimens examined: Skykomish River, Wittenmyer; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
777; Mount Baldy, Conard 276.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTOl'?. 87
4. Lycopodium annotinum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1103. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Labrador to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2110; Big Meadows, Kreager 412.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
6. Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 30. 1845.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Oregon and New York.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2527; Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1398;
Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper 2098; Stevens Pass, Sandherg <& Leiberg 779;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species has commonly, but erroneously, been referred to L. alpinum L.
6. Lycopodium clavatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1101. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and North Carolina.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2454; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 15,
1890; Silverton, Bouck 214; Mashel River, Piper 2105; Skamania County, ^wisdor/ 1030;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 728 ; without locality, Vasey 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Lycopodium complanatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1104. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis acerosis."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, the Great Lakes, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Lake Keechelus, Piper, 1887; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2535;.
Big Meadows, Kreager, August, 1902; Box Canyon, Kreager 399.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
SELAGINELLACEAE.
SELAGINELLA.
Leaves of two sorts, the lateral ones much larger 1.5. douglasii.
Leaves all alike.
Stem flaccid, often veiy long; leaves not bristle-tipped 2. S. struthioloides.
Stems rigid; leaves bristle-tipped.
Leaves much crowded ; stems 5 to 10 cm. long 3. S. densa.
Leaves less crowded ; stems 10 to 30 cm. long 4. 5. rupestris.
1. Selaginella douglasii (Hook.) Spring, Monog. 2 : 92. 1841.
Lycopodium douglasii Hook. & Grev. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 268. 1840.
Lycopodium ovalifolium Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 177. 1831, not Desv. 1823.
Type locality: "Hab. in oris occidentalibus Americae septentrionalis." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Joseph Howell 35; Piper 4965.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. SelagineUa struthioloides (Presl) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25 : 132. 1898.
Lycopodium struthioloides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 82. 1830.
Selaginella oregana D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 350. 1880.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nootka-Sund."
88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Near the seacoast, British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Southbend, Pij^er in 1900; Laban, Piper 3820; Quinault,
Conard 174.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Selaginella densa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1 : 7. 1900.
Type localitj-: "Little Rocky Mountains," Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana and Nebraska. —
Specimens e.xamined: Wawawai, Piper., May 26, 1894.
Zonal distribittion : -Vrid Transition.
4. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring; Mart. Fl. Bras, l^r 118. 1840.
Lycopodium rupestre L. Sp. PI. 2: 1101. 1753.
TiPE locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada, Siberia."
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia.
Specimens exa.mined: Lillewaup, Piper, September, 1890; Klickitat County, Stiksdorf
66; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU 1376; Capo Horn, Piper 4964.
Zonal distribltion : Humid Transition.
In a recent paper by Hieronymus a large number of new species allied to Selaginella
rupestris are proposed. Three of these are from Washington and Oregon, namely:
Selaginella haydeni Hieronymus, Hedwigia 39: 296. 1904.
Selaginella rvaUacei Hieronymus, op. cit. 30.5.
Selaginella sariorii oregonensis Hieronvnnus, op. cit. 305.
The type of the last is one of the Lyall specimens altovo cited.
ISOETACEAE.
ISOETES. Quillwort.
Plants of shallow water or muddy places ; leaves with stomata.
Stems 3-lobed; leaves setaceous.
Velum incomplete; megasporcs spinulose 1. I. minima.
Velum complete ; megasporcs warty 2. /. nuttallii.
Stems 2-lobed ; leaves not setaceous 3. /. Jwivellii.
Plants aquatic, often in deep water; stems bilobed.
Stomata absent.
Megaspores marked with irregular ridges 4.7. paupercula.
Megasporcs with low distinct warts 5. 7. piperi.
Stomata present.
Leaves erect ; megaspores tuberculate 7. 7. bolanderi.
Leaves recurved.
Megaspores spinulose; microspores smooth 6a. I. echinospora braunii.
Megaspores tuberculate; microspores spinulose . . 6h. I.echinospora Jlettii.
1. Isoetes minima A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 6: 30. 1898.
^
Type locality: Near Waverly, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Specimens examined: Waverly, Suksdorf.
2. Isoetes nuttallii A. Br.; Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 215. 1874.
Isoetes suksdorfii Baker, Handbook Fern Allies 132. 1887.
Type locality: "On the Columbia." Collected by Nuttall.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, St/Jtstfor/" 917.
3. Isoetes howellii Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 38.5. 1882.
Isoetes nuda Engelm. 1. c.
Isoetes underwoodii Henderson, Bot. Gaz. 23: 124. 1897.
Type locality: "On the borders of ponds at The Dalles of the Columbia, Oregon." Col-
lected by Howell.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 89
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cusick, Stevens County, Piper 4209; Lake Kalispel, A'r-eagrer 335.
4. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 649. 1901.
Isoetes lacustris paupercula Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 377. 1882.
Isoetes occidentalis Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900.
Type locality: Grand Lake, Middle Park, Colorado.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Gorman.
5. Isoetes piperi A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 13: 51. 1905.
Type locality: "Green Lake, near Seattle, W^ashington."
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper 2317.
6a. Isoetes echinospora braunii (Durieu) Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 676. 1867.
Isoetes braunii Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 101. 1864.
Type locality : Not ascertained.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Elmer, August, 1897; Ponds, Mount Rainier,
Piper 131 ; Bitter Lake, Piper in 1890.
6b. Isoetes echinospora flettii A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 13: 51. 1905.
Type locality: "Spanaway Lake," Pierce County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Spanaway Lake, Piper 2125; Flett 9i9.
7. Isoetes bolanderi Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874.
Type locality: Tuolumne, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2375; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2370,
Yakima region, Brandegee.
TAXACEAE. Yew Family.
TAXTJS.
1, Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Sylva 3: 86. pi. 108. 1849. Western yew.
Type locality: "In the dense maritime forests of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia, south to Tulare County, Cal., eastward to Montana and the
Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Nason City, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Arbutus Point,
Henderson, July, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 204; Port Ludlow, Binns, Septem-
ber 5, 1890; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kittitas County, Sandberg
tk Leiberg 699; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896; without locality, Fasei/ 57; Olympic
Mountains, Elmer 2486.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The western yew is by no means an abundant tree, occurring only scattered through
rich, moist woods. It is, perhaps, most plentiful on the Olympic peninsula. The largest
individuals reach a height of perhaps 12 meters and a diameter of 75 cm. In Hooker's
Flora this species was referred to the European Taxus baccata L., to which it is closely allied.
PINACEAE. Pine Family.
Scales of the fruit few, opposite; leaf-buds naked.
Fruit fleshy and berry-like Juniperus (p. 90)
.
Fruit a dry cone.
^
Scales of the cone .shield-shaped Chamaecyparis (p. 91).
Scales of the cone oblong, not peltate Thuja (p. 91).
90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Scales of the fruit numerous, alternate: leaf-buds scaly.
Leaves in clusters.
Clusters ensheathed at base, containing 2, 3, or 5 leaves.. . Pinus (p. 91).
Clusters not ensheathed at ba.-ie, containing many leaves. L.^Rix (p. 92).
Leaves solitary.
Cones erect ; scales deciduous Abies ( p. 93)
.
Cones pendent ; scales persistent.
Branchlet.s smooth; bracts 3-toothed PsEUDOTSCGA (p. 94).
Branchlets roughened by the persistent leaf-bajws.
Leaves |)<'tit)led, not pungent TsuOA (p. 94).
Leaves sessile, pungent-pointed PlCEA (.p. 95).
JUNIPERUS.
Prostrate alpine shrub ; leaves all subulate l.J. commvnix.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves of two forms.
Leaves very resinous, dark green 2. J. occidentalis.
Leaves not resinous, often glaucous 3. ./. scopulorum.
1. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg, Contr. Xat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896.
Junijterus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. n«)lz. no. 272. 1787.
Junijierus communis alp'ma Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 27(5. 1812.
Junijierus communis montana Ait. Horf. Kew 3: 414. 1788.
Type ix)Cality: Siberia.
Range: Arctic regions, south in the mountains to California, Colorado, and Maine.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympi*- Mountains, Elmer 2487; Stevens Pa.ss, Sandherg cfc
Leiberg 768; Mount Rainier, Pi]wr 20{K); L<K)mis, Elmer 6(X); Mount Adams, Henderson,
August, 1892.
Zonal distkibition: Arctic or rarely lower.
Connnon in the mountains at from 900 to 2,100 meters elevation. Hooker refers Tolmie's
Mount Rainier specimens to J . communis L., but they belong to the above subspecies.
2. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1839. Western juniper.
Type uh ality: "Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the ba.se of the
Rocky Mountains, where it attaias a height of 6O-.S0 feet, and a diameter of 2-3 feet."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Near Eltopia, Cotton 1022 in 1903.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This is the onh' known station for the western juniper north of Oregon. The exact place
is locally known as Ryegrass Coulee or Juniper Canyon, some 30 miles southwest of Kahlo-
tus and near Fishhook Ferry on Snake River. The junipers occur in scattering groves on
the floor of the covilee, the largest groves being about 100 acres in extent. None of the
trees are over 7 meters high.
3. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897.
Rocky Mountain juniper.
Type locality: Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. "
Range: Vancouver Island eastward to Montana and south in the Rocky Mountains to
Arizona; also in the Black Hills.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Sucia Island, Randolph,
October, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1001; Sandberg cfe Leiberg, July, 1893; near Lake Chelan,
Lake <fe Hull 631; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, September, 1896; Peshastin,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 471; without locality, Vasey 58, Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2488;
lone, Ereager 407; Fidalgo Island, F/e« 2116; Sentinel Bluff's, Co«on 1359; Everett, Piper.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 91
Zonal distribution: Mostly Arid Transition, but also Upper Sonoran. It also reap-
pears in the Humid Transition in northwest Washington.
There is some doubt as to whether the form found in western Washington is identical
with that of the interior. Better and more copious material is needed to determine the
point definitely.
CHAMAECYPARIS.
1. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842.
Alaska cedar. Yellow cedar.
Cupressus nootkatensis Lambert, Gen. Pinus 2: 18. 1824.
Chamaecyparis nutkaensis Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842.
Type locality: Nootka Sound.
Range: Alaska south to Mount JefTerson, Oregon, mainly in the Cascade and Coast
Mountains; perhaps in north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Henderson 2047; Elmer
2481; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 854; Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull 632; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Leiberg 796; Mount Rainier, Piper
2103; Alien 207; Goat Mountains, Allen 207a.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
THUJA.
1. Thuja plicata Donn, Hort. Cantab, ed. 6.249. 1811. Giant cedar.
Thuja gigantea Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 52. 1834.
Type locality: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Southern Alaska to northern California, eastward to Montana, and south to the
Salmon River, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 599; Olympia, Henderson, April, 1892; Port Lud-
low, Binns, September 9, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 304; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 495;
Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 637; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 483; Colville, Lyall in 1860;
without locality, Vasey 63; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2484; Stehekin, Whited 1407.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition mainly.
For illustration of a giant cedar forest see frontispiece.
PINUS.
Leaves 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones unarmed.
Cones oblong-cylindric, 10 to 30 cm. long 1 . P. monticola.
Cones ovate or globose, 4 to 8 cm. long 2. P. albicaulis.
Leaves less than 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones armed.
Fascicles containing 3 leaves; cones large 3. P. ])onderosa.
Fascicles containing 2 leaves; cones small 4. P. contorta.
1. Pinus monticola Dougl. in Lambert, Desc. Gen. Pinus ed. 2. 3: 27. t. 87. 1837.
Western white pine.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Southern British Columbia, south to central California, eastward to western
Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2485; Port
hudlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyallin 1860; Hoi-seshoe Basin, Okanogan
County, Elmer 862; Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull, August 24, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen
315; without locality, Vasey 51.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Canadian.
In Hooker's Flora our species was mistaken for its eastern relative P. strobus.
2. Pinus albicauUs Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 209. 1868. White-bark pine.
Pinus cembroides Zucc. err. det. Newberry, Pac. R. R. Rep. 6: 44. 1857.
92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newberrj'.
Range: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County,
California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pipfr 2095; Smith 10S9\ Mount Ad&ras, Bender-
son, August 9, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
In Lyall's report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. fexilis James.
3. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354- 1836. Yellow pine. Bull pine.
Type locality: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and Now Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 13.56; Steamboat Rock,
Grand Coulee, McKay 19.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition, but occasional in the Upper Sonoran.
This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains
it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow-
pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50.
4. Pinus contorta Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. /. ^£10, 2211. 1838.
Shore pine. Lodgepole pine.
Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon t. 3.f. 2. 1853.
Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894.
Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898.
Type locality: "In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and
abundantl}^ near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Westport,^«ZZe>-3946; Mount Rainier, ^//en 308; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 13.56: McAllisters
Lake, Henderson, June 22,1895; Falcon Valley, 5MA:.«Zor/, September 29, 1896, and 1259;
Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 31 , 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transitional to Canadian.
This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species.
The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast
near the shore. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum
bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30
meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the "lodgepole pine," Pinus
murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable
area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 cm. in diameter
and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45
meters high.
If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayana may be distinguished botan-
ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon
are at all constant.
Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol.
or Pinus hanksiana Lamb.
LARIX.
Alpine tree; branchlets and bud scales woolly \. L. lyallii.
Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous 2. L. occidentalis.
1. Larix lyallii Pari. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. Woolly larch.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains et Galton Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis
49° ad.2100 et 2300 m." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo
Pass, Idaho.
PIPER—FLOEA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 93
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee, July, 1883; Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, Lj/aZZ in I860; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1352.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
One of our rarest conifers, most plentiful on the Wenache Mountains and northward.
2. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3: 143. t. 120. 1849. Western larch.
Type locality: "In the coves of the Rocky Mountains on the western slope toward
the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia and Washington eastward to Montana
and south to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 10, 1892; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 2\2; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper,
August 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 812.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Canadian.
ABIES.
Cones with conspicuous reflexed bracts 1 . A. nobilis.
Cones with the bracts concealed.
Leaves notched at apex, usually spreading horizontally on the
branches ; cones green 4. A. grandis.
Leaves not notched at apex, mostly acute, not horizontally spread-
ing; cones purple.
Alpine tree; cones puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long 2. A. lasiocarpa.
Subalpine tree; cones not puberulent, 7 to 10 cm. long 3. A. amabilis.
1. Abies nobilis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. Noble fir.
Type locality: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 314; Piper in 1889; Mount Baker, John-
son; Soleduck River, Olympic Mountains, Sargent.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Hudsonian.
2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Sylva 3: 138. 1849 Alpine fir.
Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842.
Abies subalpina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876.
Type locality: "Interior of N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountains, Allen 312; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896;
Mount Rainier, Piper 2101.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The Olympic Mountains form of this species often has exserted bracts to the cones. The
form on the Blue Mountains has much larger cones than that occurring on Mount Rainier.
For illustrations of this species see Plate XVII, facing page 60.
3. Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinetum Wob. 125, t. 44. 1839. Amabilis fir.
Picea amabilis Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2342. 1838.
Type locality: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.
Range: British Columbia, south in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon;
also in the Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Mount Rainier, Allen 313;
Piper in 1888.
94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Mr. Suksdorf informs me that the Abies mapnijica Murr. ? of his hst is probably only
A. amabilis.
4. Abies grandis Lindl. Penn. Cvcl. 1 : 30. 1833. - White fir.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: British Columbia south to northern California, eastward to Montana and the
Blue Mountains, Oregon.
Specimens examined: East Sound, Henderson, Juh* 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns,
September 3, 1890; Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, AUfn 311;
Skagit Pass, Lake d- Hull, August. 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, July, 1860; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The tree recorded from near Mount Rainier by Plummer as Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry
is probably an erroneous identification of a form of ^4. grandis.
PSEUDOTSTJGA.
1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895.
Red fir. Douglas spruce.
Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832.
Abies douglasii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.
Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ^d. 256. 1867.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Scl. 8: 74. 1889.
Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.
Range: Alaska and British America, latitude 55°, south to southern California, Arizona,
and western Texas.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2480; Nisqually Valley, Allen 209;
head of Grand Coulee, McKay 23; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 811.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Humid Transition.
The commonest tree of the State, making up the bulk of the forest west of the Cascade
Mountains and common in eastern Washington in the upper part of the yellow pine zone.
For illustration of a red fir forest see Plate VII, facing page 36.
TSTJGA.
Lowland tree; cones 1 to 2 cm. long 1. T. heterophylla.
Alpine tree; cones 5 to 7 cm. long 2. T. mertensiana.
1. Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Silva N. A. 12: 73. 1898. Western hemlock.
Abies heterophylla Raf. Atl. Journ. 119. 1832.
Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.
Range: Alaska to northern California and western Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2482; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall: Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 710; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September, 1890; Nisqually Valley,
Alien 305; Yakima Pass, Watson 384; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
In Cooper's report and other early botanical works this hemlock was referred to the
eastern T. canadensis. For illustration of a hemlock forest see Plate XVI, facing page 58.
2. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ^d. 250. 1867.
Black hemlock.
Pinus m£rtensiami Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 45. 1832.
Abies pattoniana Jeffrey, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon. 1853.
Tsuga pattoniana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 121. 1880.
Tsuga hookenana Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. dd. 252. 1867.
Type locality: Sitka.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 95
Range: Alaska to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Elmer 2483;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Allen 306; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 871, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution : Hudsonian.
PICEA.
Leaves flattened; sea-coast tree 1. P. sitchensis.
Leaves quadrangular; subalpine tree 2. P. engelmanni.
1. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Traut. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 87. 1856. Sitka spkuce.
Pinus sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 164. 1832.
Abies menziesii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Along the coast from Alaska to northern California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2489; Hoquiam, Lamb 1075; Seattle,
Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
A very abundant tree along the ocean coast, but only locally plentiful on Puget Sound.
2. Picea engelmanni Parry in Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 212. 1863.
Engelmann spruce.
Picea Columbiana Lemmon, Gard. & For. 10: 183. 1897.
Type locality: "Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the head-
waters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers."
Range: British Columbia, southward to Arizona in the Rocky Mountains, and in the
Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Elmer 473; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896; east
side Cascade Mountains, Lyall; without locality, Vasey 64.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Canadian.
The Klickitat County specimens considered by Suksdorf to represent Picea pungens
Engelm. and so listed seem rather to be P. engelmanni.
TYPHACEAE.
TYPHA.
1. Typha latifolia. L. Sp. PI. 2: 971. 1753. Cattail.
Type locality: "Habitat in paludibus Europae."
Range: Throughout the northern hemisphere except the Arctic regions.
Specimens examined: Samish Lake, Suhsdorf 1007; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 627;
Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 532; Stehekin, GnJj^^As cfc
Cotton 226; Prosser, Cotton 740.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoian and Transition.
The cattail is exceedingly common about lakes and marshes in western Washington and
scarcely less so in eastern Washington. Botanical specimens of it are, however, seldom
gathered.
SPARGANIACEAE.
SPARGANIUM. Bur reed.
Inflorescence branching.
Fruits stalked 1 . S. eurycarpum.
Fruits sessile 2. .S". androcladum.
96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Inflorescence simple.
Stems erect . . .* 3. .S'. simplex.
Stems floating.
Nutlets fusiform, dark, 4 mm. lon<i 4. *'. angustifolium.
Nutlets oblong, obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long 5. ^?. minimum.
1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 4;j(). 185C.
Type loc.vlity: "Borders of ponds, etc.. common northward and especially' westward."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California, Utah, and V^irginia.
Specimens ex.\mined: Kalispcl Lake, Kreafjer 488, a doubtful specimen.
ZoN.\L distribution: Transition.
2. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 78. 1888.
Sparfjanium simplex androcladum Engelm. in A. Gra}', Man. ed. 5. 48L 1867.
T^pe locality: ''From New England southward and especially westward."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: NearMontesano, //»'//<'r38G5;Seattle,Pipcr713;Tacoma,/''/»'^/ 151
;
Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899 ; Rock Lake, iMke cfc Hull 630 ; Touchet River, Ilormr 20.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was referred to in Cooper's Report as 5. ramosum Smith.
3. Sparganium simplex Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 401. 1778.
Type locality: "Circa Norwich," England.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens ex.\mined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Seattle, Smith 712; Pe-
shastin, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 600; Lake Keechelus, //cnderson, July, 1892; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Tran.sition.
4. Sparganium. angustifolium Michx. Fl. 2: 189. 1803.
Sparganium simplex angustifolium Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867.
Type locality: "Hab. in amnibus Canadae."
Range: British Columbia to California, ea.st to Ontario and New York.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Sparganium minimum Fries, Sum. Veg. 2: 560. 1846.
Type locality: Scandinavian.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, .south to Oregon, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Mount Adams, Henderson, August,
1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf riXH: Spokane Falls, Waison 399; without locality, Vasey in
1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Mudsonian.
POTAMOGETONACEAE.
POTAMOGETON. Pondweed.
Floating leaves broad; stipules free.
Submerged leaves grass-like.
Stipules long; floating leaves subcordate at ba.se I. P. nutans.
Stipules short; floating leaves attenuate at base 2. P. nuttaUii.
Submerged leaves lanceolate.
Floating leaves 30 to .50-nerved 3. P. amplifolius.
Floating leaves 10 to 20-nerved.
Petioles of floating leaves short 4. P. alpinus.
Petioles of floating leaves long.
Stipules obtuse 5. P. heterophyllus.
Stipules acuminate 6. P. lonchites.
PIPER—FLOEA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 97
Floating leaves none.
Leaves all oblong or lanceolate. •
Base of leaves clasping; apex acuminate 7. P. perfoliatus.
Base of leaves not clasping; apex not acuminate.
Leaves obtuse, cucuUate, sessile 8. P. -praelongus.
Leaves acute, short-petioled 9. P. lucens.
Leaves all narrowly linear.
Stipules adnate to the sheathing base of the leaf.
Leaves setaceous, 1 to 5-nerved 13. P. pedinatus.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, many-nerved 14. P. robbinsii.
Stipules free.
Leaves tape-like; spike cylindric; fruit large 10. P. zosteraefolius.
Leaves not tape-like; spike not cylindric; fruit small.
Spike capitate
;
peduncles very short 1 1 . P. califomicus.
Spike interrupted; peduncles long 12. P. pusiUus.
1. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PI. 1: 126. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Range: North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, LyaJl in 1859; Oyhut, Lamb 1259;
Tacoma, Flett 135; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861.
2. Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 226. t. G.f. 25. 1827.
Potamogeton clayionii Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. 14: 38. 1843.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia and South Carolina.
Specimens examined: Montesano, //fZ/er 4072; llwaco, 7/eruZerson in 1886; Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, September, 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2477; Spokane County,
Henderson 2476; Waitsburg, ZZorncr R 16.
3. Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. IL 6: 225. 1848.
Type locality: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Washington and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 421; Pullman, Henderson 2474; Kalispel
Lake, Kreager 441; Whatcom County, Suksdorf, August 1, 1890.
4. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Mem. Acad. Turin 7: 323. 1803.
Potamogeton rufescens Schrad.; Cham. Ad. Fl. Ber. 5. 1815.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1879; Trout Creek, SuJcs-
dorf 2172.
6. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spicilcg. Fl. Lips. 21. 1771.
Type locality: " In stagno ad Lindenthal," Germany.
Range: Througiiout most of North America. Europe.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull 614; Okanogan River, Watson 396;
Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 524; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August, 1885.
•
6. Potamogeton loiichites Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 6:226. 1848.
Type locality: "Common in New England and extending southward to Virginia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2798; Silver Lake, Henderson 2475;
Okanogan River, Watson 398; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in i861; Whitman County, Hen-
derson 2473; Union Flat, Piper, August 4, 1899, without locality, Vasey in 1889.
29418—06 M 7
98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Bennett, Journ. Bot. 27: 25. 1889.
Potamogeton^jyerfoliatus lanccolatus Robbiiis in Gray, Man. ed. 5. 488. 1867, not P. lanceo-
latus Smith, 1824-28.
Type locality: "Along the Great Lakos."
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Lake Wa^^hington, Pijier, August, 1892; Whatcom River, Gard-
ner 419; Lake Chelan, Dr. T. E. ^\"^lcoI in 1883; Fort Colville, Rooky Mountains, Lyall in
1861; Lake Chelan, Gorman iyil; Prosser, Griffiths d' Cotton 809.
The specimen upon which the "P. crhpus L. ?" of Suksdorf's list is based proves to be a
sterile specimen of the above from Lake Washington.
8. Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. Roem. Arch. IIL 3:331. 1803.
Type locality: "Laboci Junio Julique in fluvio cognomine, et in fluvio Jschiza."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south toCalifornia and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examineo: Tacoma, Fleft 2160.
9. Potamogeton lucens L. Sp. PI. 1: 1'26. 17.53.
Type locality: "Hab; in Europae lacubus, sttignis, fluviis argillasis."
Range: British Columbia to Nova S<-otia, south to California and New Jersey. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Gorman 7(W.
10. Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PI. Saell. .tO. 1801.
Type locality: Sacllandia.
Range: Oregon and British Columbia to New Jersey and New Brunswick. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, 5«Jtsrfor/; August 1, 1890.
11. Potamogeton californicus (Morong).
Potamogeton pancifiorus californicus Morong, Bot. Gaz. 10:254. 1885.
Type locality: San Diego County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1802.
12. Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. PI. 1: 127. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, .south to California, Texas, and Virginia.
Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi>r 761 ; Okanogan River, Watson 395.
13. Potamogetonpectinatu8L.Sp.pl. 1: 127. 1S,53.
Potamogeton columhianus Suksdorf,Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
.Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. Europe.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 18.59; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 20^2: White Salmon, Suksdorf 221; Okanogan River, Watson 394.
14. Potamogeton robbinsiiOakes, Hovey's Mag. 7: 180. 1841.
Type locality: "In Pondicherry Pond, Jefferson, N. H."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 2261; Henderson 1861; Lake Chelan
Gorman in 1898.
Potamogeton pulcher Tuck, is listed by Suksdorf. The basis is a sterile plant from
Glenwood, which may belong to P. amplifolius Tuck.
Potamogeton marinus L. is included m Suksdorf's list based on a sterile plant from
Bingen, which seems to be P. pectinatus L.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 99
NAIADACEAE.
Carpels several to each flower.
Flowers perfect, peduncled; leaves opposite Ruppia.
Flowers monoecious; leaves alternate Zannichellia.
Carpels solitary; flowers monoecious or dioecious.
Leaves opposite or whorled, denticulate Naias.
Leaves alternate, entire, long-linear.
Monoecious; ovaries pendulous Zostera.
Dioecious ; ovaries ascending Phyllospadix.
BTJPPIA.
Sheaths 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit 2 mm. long 1. R. maritima.
Sheaths 12 to 30 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long 2. K. occidentalis.
1. Ruppia maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 127. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: In brackish water, nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2797; Whidby Island, Gardner 348;
Anacortes, Henderson, July, 1892; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle, Piper 2863.
2. Ruppia occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 138. 1890.
Type locality: "In sajine ponds near Kamloops, British Columbia." Collected by
Macoun.
Range: British Columbia to Washington and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lalce c& Hull.
ZANNICHELLIA.
1. Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. PI. 2: 969. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Europae, Virginiae fossis, fluviis."
Range: Throughout most of North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2174; Junction Crab and Wil-
son Creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 264; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896.
NAIAS.
1. Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt, FI. Sed. 384. 1824.
Caulinia fiexilis Willd. Abh. Akad. Berlin 95. 1803.
Type locality: European.
Range: Throughout most of North America. Europe.
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897.
ZOSTERA.
1. Zostera marina L. Sp. PI. 2: 968. 1753. Eelgrass.
Zostera oregana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 131. 1891.
Type locality: "Habitat in mari Balthico, Oceano."
Range: Seacoasts, Alaska to California and Greenland to Florida. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, Heruhrson 2471 ; Orchard Point, Piper 2314.
Eelgrass is very abundant at about low-tide mark all along the seashore, especially in
quiet water. Fruiting specimens are very rarely found. Better material for study is
much to be desired.
100 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PHYLLOSPADIX.
1. Phyllospadix scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 171. 1839.
Type locality: "Dundas Island in the Columbia River," Dr. Scouler.
R.\nge: Seacoast, British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 323.
The other species, P. /orrf_i/« AVats., may he expected to occur on the Washington coast,
as it is known from California and from ^'ancouver Island.
SCHEUCHZERIACEAE.
Leaves ba-sal ; flowers in a long spike-like raceme TRiGLOcniN.
Stems leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme Scueuchzeuia.
TRIGLOCHIN.
Carpels 3; fruit linear or clavate 1. T. pahistris.
Carpels 6 ; fruit oblong or ovoid 2. 1\ marUinia.
1. Tiiglochin palustris L. Sp. I'l. 1: 3.38. 17«.
Type i>ocality: European.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington and iSew York.
Specimens examined: Colville, Kreamr 5'2C.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
2. Triglochin maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 339. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, .south to California and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2571; Whidby I.sland, Gardner 355;
Admiralty Head, Piper; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper 680; Lopez
Island, Lyall in 18.58-59; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 617; Lake Chelan, Elmer, Septemlxr,
1897; Lake cfc Hull 628; Looniis", Elmer 261; Sprague, San</6er^ cfc Lctierj^ 210; Medical
Lake, Henderson, July 2, 1892: Priest Rapids, Cotton 1378.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SCHEXrCHZEBIA.
1. Scheuchzeria palustris L. Sp. PI. 1: a38. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Borussiae, Sueciae paludosis."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 693; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1327; White
Salmon, Suksdorf'm 1878; Colville to Rocky Mountains, Lyall in 1861; Tacoma, Flett 2226.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
ALISMACEAE.
Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle; leaves ovate Alisma.
Carpels in many series on a convex receptacle; leaves sagittate (in ours) SAOiTrAHiA.
ALISMA.
1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. PI. 1: 342. 1753. Water plantain.
Type LOCALITY : European.
Range: Nearly throughout North America, Europe, Asia.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper,
August, 1892; Tacoma, Flelt 153; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1317: Ellensbui-g,
WhUed 498; Wenache, Whited 1428; North Yakima, Ifa«, August, 1895; Columbia River,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 101
46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kalispel Valley, Kreager 363; Usk, Kreager 366; Cotton 432:
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg 694; without locality, Vasey 66; Waitsburg, Horner
21 ; Pullman, Hull 629; Pi^per, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SAGITTARIA. Arrowhead.
Beak of the akene horizontal or oblique, more than one-fourth its length . . l^S. latifolia.
Beak of the akene less than one-fourth its length.
Bracts 8 to 20 mm. long; bog plant 2. S. arifolia.
Bracts 4 to 6 mm. long; water plant 3. S. cuneata.
1. Sagittaria latifoUa Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 409. 1805. Wapato.
Sagiltaria sagitlifolia macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 167. 1839.
Sagittaria sagittifoUa vulgaris Hook. loc. cit.
Sagittaria eseulenta Howell, FI. N. W. Am. 679. 1903.
Type locality: "Habitat a Canada ad Carolinam."
Kange: Throughout most of North America.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August,
1892; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August, 1892; Falcon Valley, Sitksdorf 673.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is the wapato or wappatoo, formerly an important food plant of the Indians. The
introduction of the European carp into the Columbia River has nearly caused the exter-
mination of this plant, where it used to be abundant.
2. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1894.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and Kansas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SvJcsdorf 1318; Lake Chelan, Lake &
FmZZ, August, 1892; Colville,iyaZnn 1860; Union Flat, Piptr 3049, 3049; Lake d; Hull 62Q;
Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Prosser, Gnffiths <fe Cotton 806.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Sagittaria arifolia striata J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 34. 1894.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 674.
3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 283. 1893.
Type tocality: "East Battle Lake, Otter Tail County," Minnesota.
Range: Washington to Minnesota, north to British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Phileo Lake, Spokane County, /S«is(for/ 2262.
VALLISNEEIACEAE.
ANACHARIS.
1. Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. HI. 11: 75. 1849.
Elodea canadensis Michx. Fl. 1: 20. 1803. Waterweed.
PhUotria canadensis Britton, Science IL 2: 5. 1895.
Type locality: "Hab. in rivulis Canadae."
Range: Throughout most of North America.
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper, September, 1898; Lake Chelan, Gorman in
1897.
102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
POACEAE. Ghass Family.
KEY TO THE TRIBES.
Spikelets, 1 or 2-flowered.
Rachilla articulated Wlow the glumes, the spikelet 1 or 2-flowered,
when 2-flowered the lower staniinate.
Glumes 2: spikelets flattened Oryzeae.
Glumes apparently 3 or 4 ; spikelets not flattened Paniceae.
Rachilla articulated above the glumes.
Glumes apparently 4: palea 1-nerved I*hai-arideae.
Glumes 2; palea 2-nerved Aqkostiueae.
Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.
Inflorescence a panicle or raceme.
Lemma shorter than the glumes, usually with a bent awn arising
from the back Aveneae.
Lemma longer than the glumes, awnless or with a straight apicnl
awn Festuceae.
Inflorescence a spike.
Spikelets crowded in 2 rows, forming one-sided spikes Chlorideae.
Spikelets in 2 opposite rows Hordeae.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
ORYZEAE.
Flowers perfect; glumes and lemmas keeled Homalocbnchrus ( p. 104).
PANICEAE.
Spikelets in one-sided racemes or spikes.
First glume very small Syntherisma (p. 104).
First glume well developed Paspalitm (p. 104).
Spikelets not in one-sided racemes or spikes.
Inflorescence dense; pedicels bearing bristles Chaetochloa (p. 106).
Inflorescence loos«!f pedicels not bristly Panicum (p. 105).
PHALARIDEAE.
Spikelet with 3 florets, the uppermost perfect, the others stami-
nate Savastana (p. 106).
Spikelet with 1 perfect floret, the lateral ones reduced to ster-
ile lemmas.
Sterile lemmas bifid^ awned .' Anthoxanthum (p. 106).
Sterile lemmas awnless, very small Phalaris (p. 106).
AGROSTIDEAE.
Lemma with a long terminal awn, and closely embracing the
grain.
Fruiting lemma thin and membranaceous Muhlenbergia (p. 110).
Fruiting lemma firm and indurated.
Awns 3-branched Aristida (p. 107).
Awns simple.
Twisted, persistent on the lemma
.Stipa (p. 107).
Straight, deciduous from the lemma Oryzopsis (p. 109).
PIPER FLORA OF THS: STATE OF WASHINGTON. 103
Lemma awnless orshort-awned, and loosely enveloping the grain.
Inflorescence a dense spike.
Spikelets early deciduous; lemma with a dorsal awn Alopecurus (p. 110).
Spikelets persistent; lemma awnless or with a terminal
awn.
Spikes ovoid; glumes long-awned Polypogon (p. 111).
Spikes cylindric; glumes not long-awned Phleum (p. 111).
Inflorescence a loose panicle.
Fruit a utricle Sporobolus (p. 112).
Fruit a grain.
Palet 1-nerved; stamen 1 Cinna (p. 113).
Palet 2-nerved ; stamens 3.
Glumes none; plant, minute Coleanthus (p. 114).
Glumes 2.
Callus with a tuft of long hairs at base. . . Calamagrostis (p. 114).
Callus naked Agrostis (p. 118).
AVENEAE.
Perfect flower only one, the other staminate.
Lower flower perfect; upper staminate and awned Holcus (p. 121).
Lower flower staminate, long-awned; second flower perfect,
awnless Ahrhenathebum (p.121).
Perfect flowers 2 or more.
Rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper flower Aira (p. 121).
Rachilla prolonged beyond the upper flower.
Awn of the lemma arising between the two terminal
teeth Mebathrbpta ( p. 122).
Awn of the lemma dorsal.
Florets large, more than 15 mm. long Avena (p. 123).
Florets small, less than 15 mm. long.
Lemma erose-truncate Deschampsia (p. 123).
Lemma 2-toothed Trisetum (p. 124).
FESTUCEAE.
Lemma 3-nerved, rarely 1-nerved.
Rachilla with long hairs Phragmites (p. 125).
Rachilla glabrous or with short hairs.
Glumes obtuse, very unlike, the upper inclosing the
flowers Estonia (p. 125).
Glumes subequal, acute.
Panicle close; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered Koeleria (p. 126).
Panicle loose; spikelets usually many-flowered. Eragrostis (p. 126).
Lemma 5-nerved or more.
Spikelets with the upper florets sterile and folded about each
other Melica (p. 127).
Spikelets with the upper florets perfect, or narrow and abor-
tive.
Keels of the palea winged Pleuropogon ( p. 128).
Keels of the palea not winged.
Stigmas arising below the apex of the ovary Bromus (p. 141 ).
Stigmas arising at the apex of the ovary.
Lemmas compressed and keeled.
104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lemmas awn-pointed Dactyms (p. 128).
Lemmas pointless.
Glumes 1 to 3-norvpd Poa ( p. 128).
Glumes 5-nerved or more Distichlis (p. 135).
Lemmas convex or rounded on the back.
Lemmas acute or awned Festuca (p. 135).
Lemmas obtuse and scarious at apex.
Prominently 5 to 7-nerved Panicularia (p. 139).
Obscurely 5-nerved Puccinellia (p. 141).
CHLORIDEAE.
Pedicel jointed aliove the persisting glumes: spikes digitate Capriola (p. 146).
Pedicel jointed below the glumes.
Spikelets much flattened; glumes unequal, keeled Spartina (p. 145).
Spikelets subterete; glumes equal, convex Beckmannia (p. 145).
HORDEAE.
Spikelets mostlj' solitary at each joint of the rachis.
Spikelet 1-flowered Scribneria ( p. 146).
Spikelet several-flowered.
Placed edgewise on the rachis Lolium (p. 146).
Placed flatwise on the rachis Aoropyron ( p. 146).
Spikelets two or more at each joint of the rachis.
Spikelets 1-flowered Hordeum (p. 149).
Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.
Rachis continuous Elymi's (p. 150).
Rachis readily separating into joints Sitanion (p. 153).
HOMALOCENCHRXrS.
1. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. Mist. PI. Palat. 1: 52. 1776.
Leersia oryzoides Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788.
Phalaris oryzoides L. Sp. PI. 1 : 55. 1753.
Type localitt: "Habitat in Virginiae paludibusnemorosis."
Range: Newfoundland to Wa.shington, south to Florida, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1889; North Yakima, Leckenhy, August^ 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PASPALUM.
1. Paspalum distichum L. Anioen. Aca*!. 5: 391. 1759.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Specimens examined: AlongColtmibia River,Zcciten6y, October, 1900; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf.
Introduced along the banks of the lower Columbia River.
SYNTHERISMA.
1. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 420. 1895. Craborass.
Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. PI. 1 : 57. 1753.
Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772.
Syntherisma praecox Walt. Fl. Car. 76. 1788.
Type locality: "Habitat in America, Europa austraH."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1920.
Sparingly introduced as a weed in grass seed.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 105
PANICTJM.
Spikelets in one-sided racemes, awned ; summit of the palet free LP. crus-galli.
Spikelets in open panicles, awnless; summit of the palet inclosed in
glume.
Annual, spikelets pointed.
Culms 15 to 25 cm. high, slender; spikelets 2.5 mm. long ... 2. P. harbipulvinatum.
Culms 40 cm. or more high, stout; spikelets 3.5 mm. long . 3. P. hirticaulum.
Perennial, spikelets obtuse.
Culms stout; spikelets 3 mm. long 4. P. scribnerianum.
Culms slender; spikelets 1.5 mm. long 5. P. occidentale.
1. Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. PI. 1: 56. 1753. Barnyard grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae et Virginiae cultis."
Range: A native of Europe widely established as a weed.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Alma, Elmer 530; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; west Klickitat County ,Sulcsdorf 2229; Almota,
Piper, September, 1896; Wawawai,Z,ate87; Davis Lake, jK^reagrer 441; Marcus, AVeajrer 4(30.
2. Panicum harbipulvinatum Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21. 19(X).
Panicum capillare hrevifolium Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 21. 1897,
not P. hrevifolium L. 1753.
Type locality: "Manhattan, on a shaded sand bar in the Gallatin River," Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: White River, Fo.sej/ 66; Chelan, £7m€r 484,848; Kittitas County,
Sandberg & Leiherg 431; North Yakima, Henderson 2219; Watt, August, 1895; Fort
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Watson 445; Whitman County, Lake <& Hull 63; Dry Creek,.
Whitman County, Vasey 65; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Panicum hirticaulum. Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1: 308. 1830.
Type locality: "Ilab. ad Acapulco, Mexico."
Range: Washington to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, (S'wtsrfor/' 2320.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 421. 1895.
Panicum scoparium minor Scribn. Bull. Univ.Tenn. 7: 48. 1894, not Panicum pubescens
minus Poir. : Lam. Encycl. 4: 272. 1816.
Type locality: "Middle Tennessee."
Range: Maine to Washington, south to Alabama and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Alki Point, Piper 804; Seattle, Smith 804; Tacoma, Flett 11;
American Lake, Smith, May, 1890; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4058; Cascade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859, Ophir, Elmer 509; Old Fort Colville, Watson 443; Wawawai,
Elmer 763; Brodie, June, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
All references of Panicum scopanum Lam. to Washington refer to P. scribnerianum.
With little doubt also the Columbia River specimens referred by Hooker to P. viicidum Ell.
are the same.
5. Panicum, occidentale Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Ga^-d. 10: 48. 1899.
Panicum pubescens Lam. err. det. Presl, Rel. Haonk. 1:306. 1830.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nootka-Sund," Vancouver Island.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Woodlawn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Yelm, Smith, July 20, 1890, Enumclaw, Vasey 72; Montesano, Heller 3978;
106 CONTRIBUTIO^'S FROM THE ^'ATIO^'AL HERBARIUM.
Union City, Piper 939; Coulee City, Lake d' Hull 118; Chelan, Elmer 489: Wenache,
WhUed 1249: Tumwater Canyon, Whited, August, 1901: Little Bakly, Spokane County,
Kreager 160: Mason County, Piper 939; Kiona, Cotton 7.%: TopjK'nish, Cotton 792,
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Specimens of this species have been referred to /'. nitidum Lain, and to P . dichotomum,
L. species not known to tx'cur within our limits.
Panicum viufiATiM L. is stated hy Hooker to have In-en collected on the Columbia by
Douglas. There is no recent evidence of .such o<'currence of the species.
CHAETOCHI.OA.
1. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scrihn. l". S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.
Green foxtail.
Panicuni viride L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 83. 17«i2.
Setaria viridis Beauv. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi."
Specimens e.xamined: North Yakima, Watt; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Pullman, Piper;
Waitsburg, Horner; Seattle, Piper.
PHALARIS.
Inflorescence a narrow panicle 1. P. anindinacea.
Inflorescence an ovoid spike 2. P. canariensis.
1. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 1:.5.5. 17.53. Reed canary grass.
Type ixkality: European.
Range: British Columi)ia to Nova S<-otia, .southward to New Jersey, Kansas, and
California.
Specimens examined: Cascades, Lyall in 1859; Wenache region, Brandegee 11.53,
Whited 142.5; Ellensburg, Piper, June, 1897; Whited .56;}; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 1186; Spokane River, Piper 2386; Big Meadow, Kreager 425; Lake
Chelan, Vasey 52, 552; Colville Reservation, Griffiths tfr Cotton 367; Brewster, Griffiths Jc
Cotton 263.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Phalaris canariensis L. Sp. PI. 1:54. 1753. Canary grass.
Type locality: "Hab. in Europa australi, Canariis."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Hardunck, July, 1895.
ANTHOXANTHUM.
1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sp. PI. 1: 28. 1753. Sweet vernal grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in. Europae pratis."
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, September 5, 1895.
SAVASTANA.
1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 6: 34. 1894. Vanjlla grass.
Holcus odoratus L. Sp. PI. 2: 1048. 1753.
HierocMoe borealis Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 513. 1817.
Type locality: European.
Range: Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 292; North Yakima, Leckenhy, April 22,
1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Wenache River, Vasey 229.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 107
ABISTIDA.
1. Aristida purpurea robusta (Merrill).
Aristidu longiseta robusta Merrill, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 34: 5. 1901.
Type locality: "Indian Creek, Montana."
Range: South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Nebraska and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Alma, fi'/mer- 536; Rock Island, 5arid6er^cfe Zei6«r^ 439; Spokane,
Pifer 2597; Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Kelly's Bar, Snake River, Brodie, July, 1898;
Cow Creek, Griffiths <& Cotton 288; Lyons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 547.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
Nuttall's type of A. purpurea in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences was, in my
opinion, misunderstood by Mr. Merrill. The type certainly belongs to the group of forms
Merrill includes under A. longiseta Steud., and has nothing to do with the species with
which Merrill associates the name purpurea.
STIPA.
Awns 10 to 20 times longer than the lemmas.
Plants glabrous 8. S. comata.
Plants pubescent 8a. S. comata intonsa.
Awns 4 to 7 times longer than the lemma.
Awns plumose.
Ligule 1 mm. long or less.
Sheaths glabrous 1 . S. occidentalis.
Sheaths pubescent 2. S. elmeri.
Ligule 2 to 4 mm. long 3. S. thurberiana.
Awns only slightly pubescent or scabrous.
Callus very short, obtuse; spikelets stout 4.6'. lemmoni.
Callus acute or acuminate.
Sheaths pubescent n. S. vnlliamsii.
Sheaths smooth or only scabrous.
Awns 1 to 3 cm. long 6. iS. minor.
Awns 3.5 to 6 cm. long 7. S. nelsoni.
1. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bot. King Explor. 380. 1871.
Stipa stricla Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 42. 1883.
Stipa stricla sparsijlora Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 51. 1892.
Stipa oregonensis Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 130. 1899.
Type locality: "Yosemite Trail, California."
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2583; Twenty-five Mile Creek, Okanogan
County, Gorman 617; Clealum, Henderson 225i; Mount Adams, Henderson 2256; Ophir,
Elmer 515; without locality, Suksdorf in 1882; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1755; Wenache
Mountains, Cotton 1675; Stehekin, Griffiths cfc Cotton 21.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Stipa elmeri Piper & Brodie, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:46. 1898.
Stipa vindula pubescens Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:50. 1892, not Stipa pubescens R. Br.
1810.
Type locality: Empire City, Nevada, according to the label on the type specimens.
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 17, 1883; Nile, Henderson
2253; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Chelan, Elmer 487; Ophir, Elmer, August, 1897;
Spokane, Piper 2276, 2601 ; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths <& Cotton 441.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Stipa thurberiana Piper, U. S. Dopt. Agr. Div. Agrost. C\n\ 27: 10. 1900.
Stipa occidentalis Tlniri). Bot. Wilkes Exped. 483. 1874, not Tliurb. Bot. King Explor.
380. 1871.
Type locality: "Xortii Bnuuli of the Coluinbia." Collected In* the Wilkes Expedi-
tion.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1230; Sunnyside, Cotton 487; North Yakima,
Leclcenhii, Mav, 1898: Henderson 22.5.5; Ellenshiii^, Piper 2(}11; North Branch Colutnbia
River, Wilkes Exjyedition: Douglas County, Sandherg d' Leiberg 2()9; Wilson Creek,
Sandberg d' Leiberg, June, 1893: l)et\veen Coulee City and Waterville, SpiUman, May, 1896;
Spokane, Piper 2(513: Coulee City, Piper 3919; Ephrata, Grifths cfc Cotton 477; Yakima,
Griffiths d- Cotton .50.
Zonal uistribition: l'p[M'r Sonoran and Arid Transition.
4. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scrihn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 3. 1901.
Stipa pringlei letnmoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herh. 3:5.5. 1892.
Stipa lemmoni jonesii Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 4. 1901.
Type ix)cality: Mohawk Valley, I'lumas County, California, according to the label of the
type specimen.
Range: Wa.shington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Siiksdorf 146, .56; Siincoo Mountains,
Howell S; Wenache Mountains, (V^^/on 1263; Perkins Creek, C'o//on 1613.
Zonal dlstribition: Arid TraiisitioiL
5. Stipa williamsii Scribn. I'. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:4.5. 1898.
Type locality: Dry soil on the west side of Big Horn Mountain, near Monument
Spring, Wyo.
Range: Washington to Oregon and Wyoming.
Speci-MENS examined: Colville Reservation, Griffiths tfc Cotton 390; Looinis, Griffiths cfc
Cotton 328, 33.5.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898.
Stipa viridida minor Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: .50. 1892.
Type locality: Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, Colorado, according to the lal)el
of the type specimen.
Range: Washington to Colorado and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1900; Mount kd&ms, Sulcadorf \A1
;
Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud,
June, 1895; Pullman, Piper 1762; Brewster, Griffiths dc Cotton 258, 259; Colville Reserva-
tion, Griffiths cfc Cotton 391 ; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1304.
Zonal distribution: Transition, mostly Arid.
7. Stipa nelsoni Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898.
Type locality: "Woods Landing, Albany County, Wyoming "
Range: W'ashington and Oregon to Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 687; Cow Creek, Griffiths c&
Cotton 517; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths cfe Cotton 433.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost. 3: 75. 1842.
Stipa juncea L. err. det. Nutt. Gen. 1: .58. 1818.
Stipa capillata L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 237. 1839.
Type locality: "Cariton House Fort ad fl. Saskatchawan."
Range: British Columbia to Alberta southward to California and New Mexico.
PIPES—FLOKA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 109
Specimens examined: Douglas County, (SpiZZman, May, 18S6; Sandberg d; Leiberg, 240;
Wenache, Whited 1130, 1229; North Yakima, Mrs. Sieinweg; Connell, Leckenhy, June,
1897; Spokane, Piper 2600; Pasco, Pifer in 1897; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 379; Kittitas
County, Vasey 121; Eltopia, Cotton 1017; Ephrata, Griffiths cfc Cotton 495; Brewster,
Griffiths & Cotton 254.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8a. Stipa comata intonsa subsp. nov.
Differs from S. comata in having the leaves densely puberulent.
Specimens examined: Near Rockland, Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf\Qf2&, type.
ORYZOPSIS.
Low alpine species with narrow strict panicles.
Awn of the lemma 3 to 4 mm. long •. 1.0. exigua.
Awn of the lemma 10 to 12 mm. long 2. 0. hendersoni.
Tall lowland plants with loose panicles.
Glumes equal, cuspidate ; awn 3 to 5 mm. long 4. 0. hymenoides.
Glumes equal ; awn 10 to 15 mm. long 3. 0. bloomeri.
1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 481. 1874.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains, Oregon."
Range: Washington, Idaho, Oregon.
Specimens examined: State of Washington, Sulcsdorf, in 1883; Cascade Mountains,
Kittitas County, Vasey 34.
Zonal distribution : Hudsonian or Arctic.
This grass grows in granitic sand near timber line.
2. Oryzopsis hendersoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 267. 1893.
Type locality: "In Washington." Collected by Henderson (no. 2249).
Range: Known only from the type collection.
Specimens examined: Summit of Mount Cleman, //enderson 2249.
3. Oryzopsis bloomeri (Boland.) Ricker.
Stipa bloomeri Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 168. 1872.
Type locality: "Bloody Canon, near Mono Lake," California.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: TyongX&s County, Sandberg & Leiberg 231.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker.
Stipa hymenoides Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 339. 1817.
Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. 1: 40. 1818.
Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. 2: 728. 1814, not L. 1753.
Oryzopsis membranacea Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12: pi. 10. 1891.
Eriocoma membranacea Beal, Girasses N. Am. 2: 232. 18G6.
Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth; Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rep. 63: 23. 1883.
Type locality; "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg, 281;
EUensburg, Piper, May, 1897; North Yakima, Z/eruZerson, May, 1892; Mrs. Steinu-egm \^S)4;
Pasco, Pxper 2964; Hindshaw 33; Sunnyside, Cotton 416; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
421; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, June, 1893; Kittitas
County, Vasey 85; Wallula, Cotton 1030, 1048.
Zonal distribution ; Upper Sonoran.
110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
MUHL.ENBERGIA.
Lemmas acuminate 1- -V. racemoaa.
Lemmas long-awned.
Hairs of the callus equaling the lemma 2. M. comata.
Hairs of the callus much shorter than the lemma ^. M. sylvatica.
1. Miihlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 07. 1888.
Agrosiis racemosa Michx. Fl. 1: 53. 1803.
Muhleubergia glomerata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824.
Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 87. 1809. *
Type locality: "Hab. in ripis saluilosis inundatis fluminis Mississippi."
Range: Newfoundland to British Coiumhia, south to New Jersey, Missouri, and New
Mexico.
Speclmens e\a.mIn'Ed: Sumas Prairie, Lgall in 1858-9; Loi)mis, Elmer, August, 1897;
Wenache Valley, Sandberg <k Leiberg594: Parker, .1. D. Dunn; Cascade Mountains, Fa«ej/
140.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurh.) Benth.; Va.sey, Desc. Cat. Grasses U. S. 39. 1885.
Vaseya cowiato Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863:79. 1863.
Type ix)cality: "A native of the plains of Nebraska."
Range: Colorado to Washington and California.
Specimens examined: L<K)mis, Elmer .5.SS.
Zonal Di.sxuiBrTioN: Arid Transition.
3. Muhlenbergia sylvatica setiglumis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. .378. 1871.
Type locality: "Near Warm Springs in Humboldt Pjuss, Nevada; (5,000 feet altitude."
Range: Wa.shington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sp<ikane,Piper, September 1, 1899; Phileo Lake, Spokane County,
SuJcsdorf 94H.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ALOPECURUS.
Awns scarcely exceeding the glumes; spikelets2 to2.5mm. long.
. 1. A. geniculatvsfulvus.
Awns much exceeding the glumes.
Spikok'ts 3 mm. long; anthers orange 2. A. californicus.
Spikelets 4 mm. long; anthers white 3. A. saccatus.
1. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Sonder, Fl. Ilamb. 32. 1851.
Alopecurnsfuhms J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 21: pi. UG?. 1805.
Alopecurus arisiidatus Michx. Fl. 1: 43. "1803.
Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus Torr. Fl. U. S. 1: 97. 1824.
Alopecurus geniculatus rohustus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 13. 1888.
Type locality,: England.
Range: Briti.sh Columl)ia to Newfoundland, southward to Florida, Tennessee, and Cali-
fornia. Europe.
Specimens examined: CoupexiWe, Gardner 333; Seattle, Piper 793; Smith, June, 1890;
Tacoma, Flett 14, 183; Leckenby, May 29, 1897; Clallam County, £7mer 1663; Alma, Elmer
548; Ellensburg, Vasey 118; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Watt, August, 1895;
Klickitat County, Sul'sdorf 1006; Boundary, T. F. O'Hara; Usk, Kreager 356; Spokane,
Dewart, June 5, 1901; Asotin Crook, Hunter 93; Waitsburg, Homer 214.
Zonal distribution : Transition.
2. Alopecurus californicus Vasoy, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 13. 1888.
Alopecurus pallescens Pipor, Fl. Palouse Keg. IS. 1901.
Type locality: Santa Cruz, California, according to label on the type specimen.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Ill
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Wilkes Expedition; Pullman, Piper 1743; Whitman
County, Lake & Hull, July 7, 1892; Sandberg cfe Leiberg 108; West Klickitat County, Sukfi-'
dorf 2117.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Alopecurus saccatus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 290. 1881.
Type locality: "Eastern Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Lyle, Leckenby, May 21, 1899; near Spangle, Piper, 35.53.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PHLEITM.
Spike cylindric ; awns of glumes short 1 . P. pratense.
Spike ovate-oblong; awn as long as body of glume 2. P. alpinum.
1, Phleum pratense L. Sp. PI. 1: 59. 1753. Timothy.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae versuris et pratis."
Specimens examined. Seattle, Piper 789; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Pullman, Hardwick
July, 1895.
2. Phleum alpiniunL. Sp. PI. 1: 59. 17.53. Mountain timothy.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Hampshire, Arizona, and California.
Europe. Patagonia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer, 1901; Mount R^nier, Piper 1953;
Allen, July 20, 1892; Myunt Stu&rt, Sandberg cfc L«i6erjf 814 and August, 1893; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 441; Cascade Mountains above Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 115; Cascade
Mountains to Fort Colville, Ltjall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 393.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
POLYPOGON.
Glumes notched at apex, their awns 2 to 3 times as long; panicle
dense, cylindric •. 1 . P. monspeliensis.
Glumes attenuate into awns of equal length; panicle lobed or inter-
rupted 2. P. littoralis.
1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Atl. 1:67. 1800.
Alopecurus monspeliensis L. Sp. Fl. 1:61. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat monspelii."
Range: British Columbia to Mexico. Europe. Naturalized in the Atlantic States.
Specimens examined: Olympics, Elmer 1934; South Bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899;
Seattle, Piper 792; Tacoma, Flett 7; Parker, Dunn; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Alma, Elmer 532; Douglas County, Sandberg <& Leiberg 280; Waitsburg, Homer 523; Illia,
W. R. Hull 90; Almota, Piper, June, 1894; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 920;
Steptoe, Vasey 56; Ellensburg, Vasey 494.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) Smith, Comp. Fl. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816.
Agrostis littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 129. 1796.
Type locality: "Wells, on the Norfolk coast," England.
Range: Vancouver Island to California and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1955; Tacoma, Flett 8.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPOROBOLUS.
Panicle contracted, spike-like.
Annuals, culms slender or filiform 1. S.^filiformia.
Perennials.
Sheaths inflated, usually inclosing base of panicle.. . 2. i?. txiginaejlorus neglectus.
Sheaths not inflated.
Glumes one-third to ont>-half the length of the
lemma 3. 5. richanhoni.
Glume from two-thirds to almost the whole length
of the lemma 4.5. depauperatus.
Panicle open, branches mostly spreading.
Annuals, culms slender, pedicels longer than spikelet.s .5. 5'. confusus.
Perennials.
Panicle branches close-flowered nearly (o ba.se; jwdi-
cels equaling to shorter than spikelets i\. S. cn/ptandms.
Panicle branches few-flowered, naked l)elow.
Pedicels smooth, seldom miTre than twice the
length of the spikelet 7. -S. airoides.
Pedicels scabrous, 3 to many times the length
of the spikelet S. S. aaperifolius.
1. Sporobolus filiformis (Thurb.) RydlxMg. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 189. 189.5.
Vilfa dejmu jyerata Jiliformis Thurh. Bot. King E.\plor. 376. 1871.
Vilfa f/racilluna Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 208. 1880.
Sporobohjs gracUlimus Vasey, Descr. Cat. Gra.s.scs U. S. 44. 188.5.
Type lcx-ality: Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Speclmens e.xamined: Glenwood, F/eW 1396; Mount Adams, ffend«r«on, August 3, 1892;
Hoirell 84 ; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf]:i.
Zonal distribition: Hudsonian.
2. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus neglectus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17.
rev. cd. 170. HK)1.
Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 464. 189.5.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Washington to Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Myers Falls, Kreager 590.
Zonal distribi'tion: Transition.
3. Sporobolus richardsoni (Trin.) Merrill, Rhodora 4: 46. 1902.
Vilfa richardsoni Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6^: 103. 1840.
Type locality: "Amer. boreal." Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2^1; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Medical
Lake, Henderson 22.51; Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 3.59; Prosser, Cotton 636; Colville
Reservation near Mount Bonaparte, Griffiths <fe Cotton 3.59; Grand Coulee, Griffiths d; Cotton
434.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Sporobolus depauperatus (Torr.) Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 103. 1882.
Vilfa depauperata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 2.57. 1840.
Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 6 ^r 100. 1840.
Type locality: "N. W. America. Barren .sandy parts of the Columbia from Menzies'
island upwards. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: Oregon and Washington to Montana.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 113
Specimens examined: "N.W.co&st," Douglas; Pullman, Pzper 1926; Henderson 2250;
Almota, Piper, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
5. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 293. 1888.
Vilfa confusa Foum. Mex. PI. Enum. Gram. 101. 1886.
Type locality: " In devexis arenosis mentis ignivomi Jorullo," Mexico.
Range: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Parker, Yakima County, Elmer 1076.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray, Man. 576. 1848.
Agrostis cryptandrus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 1.51. 1824.
Vilfa tenacissimafuscicolor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 239. 1840.
Type locality: "On the Canadian river.
"
Range: Washington to Maine southward to Texas.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, central Washington, Vasey 132; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 1019; Wawawai, Elmer 760; near Ellensburg, Vasey 465; Kiona, Cotton
726; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 13.53.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran in Washington.
7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Pac. R. Rep. T^: 21. 1&56.
Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1:151. 1824.
Type locality: "On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Nebraska, south to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Near Oroville, Okanogan River, Griffiths tfc Cotton 350. This is
the northernmost station known.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 269. 1880.
Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyen, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 6^: 95. 1840.
Type locality: "Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo."
Range: British Columbia to Assiniboia southward to California and Missouri.
Specimens examined: Alma, Elmer 549; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hidl, August, 1892;
Wilson Creek, Lake cfe Hull 99; Alkali Lake, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, July, 1893; Ellensburg,
Piper 2580; North Yakima, Henderson 2218; Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 492;
North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 525; Toppenish, Cotton 804;
Priest Rapids, Cotton 1403.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Sporobolus cuspidatus Wood, Bot. & Flor. 385. 1874. {Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook.
Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1839.) This is included in Suksdorf's List, but no Washington
specimens have been seen by us.
CINNA.
1. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435. 1853.
Agrostis latifolia Trev.; Goepp. Beschr. Bot. Gaert. in Breslau 82. 1830.
Cmna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6^. 280. 1841.
Cinna pendula glomerula Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1884: 290. 1885.
Cinna latifolia glomerata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 319. 1896.
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, New England, and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, LyaR in 1859; Seattle, Piper 821;
Moniesano, Heller 4017; Longmire Springs, Mount Ranier, Piper 1982; Lake Cushman,
Piper 1991; Railroad Creek, Okanogan County, Elmer 719; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull
114; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Okanogan County, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
581; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horner 494.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
29418—06 M 8
114 C0^'TR1BUTI0NS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COLEANTHUS.
1. Coleanthus subtilia (Tratt.) Seidel; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 276. 1817,
Schmidtia subtUis Tratt. Fl. Austr. 1: 12. 1816.
Type ukality: "In der gegend von Wosseok," Bohemia.
R.\nge: Along thp lower Columbia River. Also in Europt>.
SPECIMENS ex.\.mined: Klickitat County, .Si/t-wfor/" 280.
Zonal d:stribitio.n: Humid Transition.
CALAMAGROSTIS.
Awn strongly geniculate; callus hairs nuicli sliorter tlmii the lemma.
Awn fjrcatly exceeding th.e glumes.
Panicle loose ; leaves nearly as long as t he culms \. C. horpellii.
Panicle dense; leaves shorter than the culms.
Leaves soft, flat 4. C. tweetiyi.
Leaves hard, closely involute.
Glumes scabrous all over 2. C. purpurascena
Glumes nearly smootli 3. C. t-aseyi.
Awn shorter than or a little exceeding the glumes.
Glumes strongly keeled ; tall .seashore plant 5. C. aleutica.
Glumes not strongly keeled.
Panicle dense, purple 6. C. ntbeDcins.
Panicle den.se, pale green 7. C. miksth/Jii.
Awn straight; callus hairs not much shorter than the lemma.
Panicle loose and op<'n.
Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long 9. C. langstlorffii.
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long. *
Glumes 2 to 2.5 mm. long 12. C. macouniana.
Glumes 3 to 4 mm. long.
Awn attached near the middle of the lemma 10. C. canadensis.
Awn attached near the apex of the lemma 11. C. blarula.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Callus hairs copious; sheaths l>earded at summit 13. C. scribneri.
Callus hairs sparse.
Leaf blades soft, not rigid 14. C. neglecta.
Leaf blades rigid.
Panicle rather loose 1.5. C. inexpansa.
Panicle den.se, spike-like.
Glumes subcoriaceous, ovate, acute; panicle
4 to 6 cm. long 16. G. crassiglumis.
Glumes membranous, acuminate, panicle 5
to 20 cm. long 17. C. hyperhorea.
1. Calamagrostis howelli Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 271. 1881.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Larm River, Siiksdorf 13; Cape Horn, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Abundant on the perpendicular clifTs of the Columbia Gap, but not known elsewhere.
2. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 731. 1823.
Calamagrostis sylvatiai. DC. err. dot. A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 80. 1866.
Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.
Type ix>cality: British America between Point Lake and the Arctic Sea.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to the Black Hills, Colorado, and California
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 115
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart,, Sandhenj cfc Leiberg 825; Mount Chapaca, Eln.er
555; Wenachc region, Tweedy &f^.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.?
3. Calamag^ostis vaseyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 344. 1896.
CalamoijTOfitis jmrjmrascens R. Br. err. det. Vasey, Contr. Nat. Plerb. 3: 83. 1892.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Washington." Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1984, 1983; Mount Ranier, Piper
1956, 1957, 1955; Goat Mountains, Allen 177; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1025; Flett
1384, 1390.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The " Deyeuoda sylvatica Kth." of Suksdorf's list is Ccdamagrostis vaseyi Beal.
4. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.
Deyeuxia tweedyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains, Washington." Collected by Tweed}'.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy; Vasey in 1889.
6. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832.
Calamagrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1882: 92. 1863.
Calamagrostis pallida Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.
Deyeuxia breviaristata Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Granville, Conard 335.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. Proc. x\cad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863.
Deyeuxia varia Kunth, err. det. Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 45. 1882.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 493; Lake tfc Hull 74; Lake Omack,
Griffiths & Colton 389; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 82. 1892.
Deyeuxia suTcsdorjli Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 15: 9. 1888.
Type locality: According to type specimen, Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected
by Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache Valley, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 535; Ellensburg, Elmer
421; Atanum River, Henderson 2151; east of Mount Adams, Henderson 2153; Twenty-
five Mile Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 615; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3,
1901; Dry Creek, Vasey, July 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1919; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2d,
607; Spokane County, Suksdorf^.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Calam.agrostis suksdorfii luxurians Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11: 24. 1898.
Type locality: "Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho." Collected by
Sandberg, Heller, and MacDougal.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Tieton River, Cotton 503; Wenache, Whited 1418: Cascade
Mountains, Fasey; Fcsh&st'm, Sandberg <& Leiberg, July, 1893; Spokane, Piper 1918; Blue
Mountains, Piper 25.57; locality unknown, Brandegee 1171.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Calamagrostis langsdorffii Trin. Gram. Unifl. 225. t. .';./. 10. 1824.
Cahmagrostis oregonenifis Buckl. Proo. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1S(>3.
Calamagrostis columbiensis }iuU.: A. dray, Pnx-. At-ad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.
Type locality: "Tobolsk," Siberia.
R.ange: Alaska to Greenland, south to Califurnia, Now Mexico, Michigan, and North
Carolina. Eumpe. Asia.
Speclmens ex.vmined: Olympic Mountains, Pifvr 19SG: Elmer 1G71, 1672; Mount
Rainier, Smith 981; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 176; Gooso Lake, Flett 1378; Cascade Moun-
tains, Henderson 21.57; Vasey in 1S89; SanJherg d' I.eilxrg 795; North Fork of Bridge
Creek, Elmer G80; Mount Adams, Hou'ell in 1882; Sukmlorf^l, 204.
Zonal distribution: Mainly lludsonian and Arctic.
9a. Calamagrostis langsdorffii lactea (Beal) Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11:28. 1898.
Calamagrostis lactea Beal, Gras.ses X. Am. 2: 34(5. 1896.
Deyeiixia lactea Suk.sdorf in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896, as syi:onym.
Type locality: ''Washington; hanks of the North Fork of Nooksack River, near Mount
Baker." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Baker. Ni/AWo// 1022, 1023; Falcon Valley , 5wil»-
<fo:/206.
10. Calamagrostis canadensis (Mich.x.) Ik'auv. Agrost. 15, 157. 1812.
Arundo canadensis Michx. Fl. 1: 73. 1803.
Type localitj-; "Hab. in Canada."
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward t«> New .Iei-s«>y, Ohio, Utah, and
Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache region, Brandegee lltiO; Klickitat County, SuksdorJ
2127; Thorn Creek, Whitman County, Vasey, July 9, 1901; Pull.na'i, lirodie August, 1898;
Piper 3037; Henderson 2162; Big Meadows, Kreager 411; Spokane County, Suksdorf
86,90a.
Zonal distribltion: Transition.
10a. Calamagrostis canadensis acuminata Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 6: 26. 1897.
Type locality: Georgetown, Colorado.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south in the mountains to California, New Mexico, and
North Carolina.
Speclmens examined: Cascade Mountains, Vasey i:i 1889; Brandegee 11<»8; Lyall in
1860; Elle;:sl}erg, Piper, July 9, 1897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2127 ; along Sal-
mon River, Homer 495; Stehekin, Griffiths ci' Cotton 196, 230, Cascade Mountains, Vasey
in 1889; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 203, 205; near Mount Baker, Suksdorf 2166; Mount
Adams, Hoivell S2\ Suksdorf 2m.
Zonal distribution: Arid Tran.sition to Hudsonian.
11. Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 349. 1896.
CalamagronliH pallida Vasey & Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 79. 1892, not C. Muell. 1860.
Type locality: "Washington." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, SwArsdor/" 52.
12. Calamagrostis macouniana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 81. 1892.
Deyeuxia macouniana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 297. 1885.
Type locality: "Souris Plain, Assiniboia" according to the label on the type specimen.
Range: Washington to Assiniboia and Missouri.
Specimens examined: North Palouse River, Vasey, March 3, 1897; Pullman, Hender-
son 2162, Piper 3037, Brodie, July, 1898; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1097.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 117
13. Calamagrostis scribneri Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 343. 1896.
Deyeuxia dubia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 1 1 : 174. 1886.
Calamagrostis dubia Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 80. 1892, not Bunge; Lehm. Rel. 348.
1847.
Type locality: "Slough Creek, alt. 6,700 ft., Montana."
Range: British Columbia to Washington and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1023; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
145; Wenache Mountains, Coiton 1756.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian?
14. CalamagTostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherb. Fl. Wetterau 1:94
1799.
Arundo neglecta Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 84, 137. 1791.
Calamagrostis stricta Kocl. Descr. Gram. 105. 1802.
Calamagrostis coarctata Torr. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 240. 1839.
Type locality: Upsala, Sweden.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maine. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Suks(hrf90.
15a. Calamagrostis inexpansa cuprea Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11:37.1898.
Type locality: " In shallow water. Falcon Valley, Washington. " Collected by Suks-
dorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 910.
15b. Calamagrostis inexpansa barbulata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 1 1 : 37. 1898.
Type locality: "Mason County, Wash." Collected by Piper, three miles south of
Union City.
Range: Known only from the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 947. Abundant in small wet meadows in
woods of Pinus contorta.
16. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 281. 1880.
Deyeuxia crassiglumis Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 50. 1885.
Type locality: "Swamps, Mendocino County," California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom Lake, Sttisdor/" 1024.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
17. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Fl. Dan. 60: t. 294£. 1880; Consp. Fl. Groenl.
160. 1880.
Calamagrostis stricta robusta, Vasey in Rothr.; Wheeler Rep. 6: 285. 1878, not C. robusta
C. Muell.
Type locality: Igalico, near Julianshaab, southern Greenland.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, Arizona, and Vermont.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Cooper.
17a. Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11: 40. 1898.
Type locality: "Plummer Ford, on the Dismal River, Plummer County, Nebr."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, southward to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 325; Spangle, Suksdorf
1099, 1100; Marshall Junction, Piper 2254; locality unknown, Brandegee 1170; Endicott,
Elmer 1028; Ephrata, Cotton 470; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187, 188; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 106.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17b. Calamagrostis hyperborea araericana Vasey; Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div.
iVgrost. Bull. 11: 41. 189S.
Deyeuxia ne^lecia americana Vasey, Macoun. Cat. Can. PI. 4: 206. 1888, noin. nud.
Calamagrostis strieta Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 79. 1866 in part, not Ktx^l.
Type localitt: "Donald, Columbia Valley," British Columbia. Collected by Macoun.
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay, southward to Or^on, Colorado, and Vermont.
Specimens examined: Brewster, Grijfiihs d' Cotton 267; ConconuUy, Griffiths db Cotton
271; Stehekin, Griffiths d' Cotton 240; Ephrata, Griffiths d' Cotton 470.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Calamagrostis stbicta Nutt. is listed in Cooper's Report, page 70. The specimen
seems to be lost, but it was certainly of some other species.
AGROSTIS.
Rachilla prolonged Whind the palot.
Spikclets 3 mm. long, usually purple \. A. aequivalvis.
Spikelets 2 mm. long, usually pale 2. A. thurheriana.
Rachilla not prolonged behind the palet.
Palet evident, 2-nerved.
Plant spreading by creeping siiort-leafed stolons 3. A. depresaa.
Plant without stolons.
Tufted; a dwarf high-alpine species 4. A. humilis.
Provided with rootstocks; culms erect, rather tall 5. A. alba.
Palet wanting or minute and nerveless.
. Plant with rootstocks 6. A. paUens.
Plant tufted, without rootstocks.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Lemma with exserted awn.
Glumes awn-pointed 7. A. microphyUa.
Glumes merely acute 8. J. amjda.
Lemma awnless oi the awn included.
Panicle 5 to30 cm. long; tail lowland plant 9. A. exarata.
Panicle 3 to 6 cm. long; low alpine plant 10. A. roaaae.
Panicle open, U)08e.
Inflorescence very diffuse; herbage scabrous 11.^. hyemalia.
Inflorescence not diffuse.
Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; panicle usually pale. . 12. A. idahoenms.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high.
Panicle pyramidal, dark purple 13. yl. oregonensis.
Panicle elongated, oblong 14. yl. schiediana.
1. Agrostis aequivalvis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6=*: 362. 1841.
Agrostis canina aequivalvis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
SpficiMENS examined: Nason Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 676; Mount Adams, Snlcsdorf
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian?
2. Agrostis thurberiana A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 68: 23.
1905.
Type locality
:
" In wet places on mountains, Skamania County, Wa.sh. " Collected by
Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suhsdorf2A, 194: Nason Creek, Sandberg d: Lei-
berg 676; Mount Rainier, Flett 1955.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 119
3. Agrostis depressa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 54. 1886.
Agrostis exarata stohnifera Vasey, loc. cit.
Type locality : Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SvJcsdorf 40, 140; Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Agrostis humilis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 21. 1883.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 836; Elmer 1951; Mount Rainier,
Piper 1976, 1975, 1973, 1974; AUen 65a, 179; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1021, 1079;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25; Howell 85; Stevens Pass, Sandherg <fc Leiberg, August, 1893;
Cascade Mountains Vasey 362 ; Bridge Creek, Elmer 677.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. PI. 1: 63. 1753. Reotop.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae nemoribus."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador and southward.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1954; Southbend, SpiUman, August 7,
1899; Montesano, Heller 4034, 3957; Skamania County, FleU 1387; Tacoma, Piper, July
15, 1897; Wenache, Whited 4; Ellensburg, Elmer 407; Piper 2578; Tieton River, Co«on
493; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901 ; Douglas County, SpiUman, May 27, 1896; San&-
berg cfc Leiberg 403; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894;
Wawawai, Piper 3531; Ellensburg, Vasey 489.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Agrostis pallens Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6^: 328. 1841.
Agrostis exarata littoralis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 54. 1886.
Type locality: "Amer.-borealis?"
Range: Washington to California along the coast.
Specimens examined: Copalis, Conard 416; Westport, //«n<i«rson 2116.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
6a. Agrostis pallens foliosa (Vasey) A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind.
Bull. 68: 34. 1905.
Agrostis foliosa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 55. 1886.
Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, loc. cit.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Union City, Piper 950, 949; Lakeview, Henderson 2125; East
Seattle, Henderson 2113; Skamania County, Flett 1382, 1386; Cascade Mountains, Yakima
County, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Cape Horn, ^uitsfZor/" 2332, 2331; Steptoe, Vasey, June
1900; Pullman, Piper 3106, 1927, 3043; Wawawai, Piper 3531.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
All the Wasliington specimens that have been named A. hallii Vasey belong to A. pallens
foliosa.
7. Agrostis microphyUa Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 164. 1855.
Type locality: "Douglas legit in Am. Sptr." Collected by Douglas in North America.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 828 ; Lake Crescent, Laiwence 306; Stuart Island,
Lawrence 124; Johns Island, Lawrence 190; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 41; Douglas County,
Sandberg i& Leiberg 327; Montesano, Heller 4010.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Agrostis ampla A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PL Ind. Bull. 68: 38. 1905.
Type localiti": "On wot rocks near Rooster Rock, Multnomah County, Or^on."
Range: British Columbia to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, £^7»i<!r 1953; Seattle, //^/uferson 2113: What-
com Lake, Suksdorf 132; Bingen, Su]csdorf2S2d; Falcon Valley Sitksdorf 132; Skamania
County, Flett 1389.
Zonal distribition: Humid Transition.
This species was previously referred to the Mexican A. lirescens H. B. K.
9. Agrostis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824.
Agrostis grandis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6-': 316. 1841.
Agrostis asjwrifolia Trin. op. cit. 317.
Agrostis scouUri Trin. op. cit. 329.
Agrostis albicam Buckl. Pnx>. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1862.
T^-PE LOCALiTi': "Ex Unalaschka." Collected by Eschscholtz.
Range: Alaska to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1952; Clallam County, Elmer 1949;
Montesano, Ilelkr 4018; Point Orchard, Piper 2311; Seattle, Henderson 2114; Upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 45; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1163; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Yakima River, Cotton 425; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; South-
bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Chelan, Elmer 485; Douglas County, Sandberg ct I^iberg
370: Wilson Creek, Lake <t Hull 97; Spokane, Piper 28.52, 2623; Steptoe, Vaseg, June,
1900; Waitsburg, Horner 49?); Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 496; Pullman,
Piper 1759, 1923; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 149.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran to Arctic.
10. Agrostis rossae Vaaey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 76. 1892.
Agrostis jwria/w Trin. Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI. 6-': 314. 1841, not Thuill. T790.
Agrostis variabilis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1 : 32. 1900.
Type LOCALITY : Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic .Mountains, Elmer 1948, Piper 1994; Nason Creek,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 656; Mount Rainier, Allen 179; Piper 1978, 1979, 1972, 1980, 1970;
Skamania County, Suksdorf 1020; Mount Adams, Henderson 2127; Atanum River, Hen-
derson 2119; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 730; Walla Walla, Pijxr 179a.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian and Arctic.
11. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888.
Comucopiae hyemalis Walt. Fl. Car. 73. 1788.
Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 370. 1799.
Agrostis nutkaensis Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 222. 1833.
Trichodium album Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 244. 1§30.
Agrostis laxifiora (Michx.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 731. 1823.
Type locality; Carolina.
Range; Throughout most of North America.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1950; Southbend, Spillman, August 17,
1899; Orcas Island, Henderson 2112; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 827; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 43; Tacoma, Flett 17; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Tieton River,
Co«on 435; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Glenwood, Flett 1395; Parker, Dunn, August 8,
1901; Ophir, Elmer 510; Loomis, Elmer 557; Thorn Creek, Vasey, July 10, 1901 ; Steptoe,
Vasey, July, 1900; Spokane, Henderson 2111; Pulhnan, Piper 1927; Blue Mountains,
Horner 505; Cascade .Mountains, Vasey 382, 68.
Zonal DisTRiBtmoN: Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 121
11a. Agrostis hyemalis geminata (Trin.) A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI.
Ind. Bull. 68: 44. 1905.
Agrostis geminata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Skagit Pass, LaJce cfe
Hull 119; Mount Rainier, Allen in 1894.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
12. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club. 24: 42. 1897.
Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 10: 21. 1883, not Sibth. 1794.
Agrostis tenuiculm is Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900.
Type locality: "Forest, Nes Perces County, Idaho." Collected by Heller.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 1165; Wenache Mountains, Cotton
1669; without locality, Suksdorf in 1883.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
13. Agrostis oregonensis Va.sey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 55. 1886 (April).
Agrostis attenuata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886 (December).
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range; Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Stft«</o//907; Copalis, CowarJ 47; Lake Suth-
erland, Lawrence 318; Kittitas County, Henderson 2123.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Agrostis schiediana Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6^: 327. 1841.
Agrostis hallii califomifa Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 74. 1892.
Type locality: "Mexico."
Range: British Columbia to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, S'?i^sA»r/" 50, 189, 196; Lewis River, Henderson 2131.
On Suksdorfs List appear the names Agrostis canina L., A. denbifiora Vasey var.(orcna-
ria), A. verticillaia Vill. {A. stolonifera L.), and A. perennans Tuck.? These names all
seem to rest upon erroneous determinations, the Last being A. hyemalis. A. verticiUaia
Vill. has been collected at Walla Walla by Leckenby, but only from cultivated plots.
HOLCUS.
1. Holcus lanatus L. Sp. PI. 2: 1048. 17.53. Velvet grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pascuis arenosis."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 785; near Montesano, Heller 3952; Clarks Spiings,
Spokane County, Kreager 86.
Quite commonly escaped from cultivation. In western Washington known as "mes-
quite grass."
ARRHENATHERUM.
1. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv.; Mert. & Koch, Deutsch. Fl. 1: 546. 1823.
Tall meadow oatgrass.
Avena elatior L. Sp. PI. 1 : 79. 1753.
Holcus avenaceus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 276. 1772.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum Boiss. Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 657. 1839-45.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae maritimis & apricis."
Specimens examined; Seattle, Pi-per 830.
AIRA. Hair grass.
Panicle loose ; lemma 2 mm. long 1 . A. caryophyllea.
Panicle dense ; lemma 3 mm. long 2. A. praecox.
122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Aira caryophyllea L. Sp. PI. 1:66. 1753.
TiPE locality: '"Habitat in Angliae, Gemianiae, Galliae, glareosis."
Specimexs hxamined: Coupeville, Gardner 346; Clallam County, Elmer 1933; Seattle,
Piper 823; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Montesano, HeUer 3889; Pierce and Thurston
counties, Henderson 2142.
2. Aira praecox L. Sp. PI. 1: 6.5. 1753.
TlPE LOCALITY : EuTOpe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1932; Point Orchard, Piper 2310, 832;
Whidby Island, Gardner 345; Stuart Island, Lawrence 59.
MERATHREPTA.
[Merathrkpta Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bet. 1: 221. 1830.]
Tlie type of Danthonia DC. is FeMuca decumbens L. {Triodia decumbent R. Br.), and the
name can not therefore be used in the current sense. Merathrepta has for its tyjM" M. spicala
(L.) Raf. {Aivna spicata L.).
Spikelets ascending, in a close panicle.
Callus very short, not hairy 1. M. pinelorum.
Callus elongate, densely hairy 2. M. intermedia.
Spikelets spreading in a loose panicle or solitary.
Sheaths smooth 3. M. califomica
Sheatlis hairy.
Lemma abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually 2 to 4 4. M. americana.
Lemma not abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually solitarj' 5. M . itnispicata.
1. Merathrepta pinetonun.
Danthonia spicata pinelorum Piper, Erythea 7: 10.'^ 1S99.
Danthonia ihermale Scribncr, U. S. Dept. ,\gr. I)iv. .\grost. Circ. 30: 5. 19()1.
Type locauty: "In gravelly soil. Mason County, Wash., 3 miles south of Union C it;."
Collected by Piper.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ma.son County, near Union City, Piper 943; between mouth of
Spokane River and Colville, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Merathrepta intenuedia (Vasey).
Danthonia intermedia Vaspy, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883.
Type locality: "California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of Br. America to Mount AUn-rt,
Lower Canada."
Range: Canada to Wasliington, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Looniis, Elmer 553; Stevens Pa.ss, Sandberg <fe Leibertj, August,
1893; Mount Rainier, Piper 19.50; Ca.scade Mountains, Vasey 442.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Merathrepta intermedia cusickii (Williams).
Danthonia intermedia cusickii Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 7. 1901.
Type locality': "Oregon."
Range: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1987.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Merathrepta cahfornica (Boland.).
Danthonia californica Boland. Pioc. Cal. Acad. 2: 182. 1858-62.
Type locality: "On the borders of cultivated fields near the bay at Oakland; hills near
Mission Dolores, San Francisco."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 123
Range: California to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Elmer 1011; Pij>er 1744; Horner 879; Steptoe, Vasey,
June, 1900; without locality, Sandberg. c& Leiherg 488.
The following specimens are doubtfully referred here: Coupeville, Gardner 342; Seattle,
Smith 829; Kitsap County, Piper 821.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Merathxepta americana (Scribn.).
Danthonia americana Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 5. 1901.
Danthonia grandifora Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chil. 568. 1873, not Hochst. 1851.
Type locality: Chile.
Range: British Columbia to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Montesano, fleZZcr 3908; Falcon Valley, SiiArsdor/" 150.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Merathxepta unispicata (Thurb.).
Danthonia unispicata Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880.
TyIpe locality: "From San Diego to San Francisco," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2599; without locality, Geyer 189; Pullman,
Elmer 1327; Brodie, June, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
AVENA.
1. Avena fatua glabrataPetermann, Flora des Bienitz 13. 1841. Smooth wild oat.
Avenafatua glahrescens Coss. Fl. Alg. 113. 1864-67.
Type locality: Not determined.
Range: Introduced on the Pacific coast, especially in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894.
DESCHAMPSIA.
Lower glume 1-nerved.
Glumes not longer than the florets 1. D. cespitosa.
Glumes longer than the florets 2. D. afropurpurea.
Lower glume 3-nerved.
Annual
;
glumes 5 to 7 mm. long 3. D. calycina.
Perennial
;
glumes 3 to 4 mm. long 4. D. dongata.
1. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 91, 160. 1812.
Aira cespitosa L. Sp. PI. 1: 64. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to California, Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey. Eu-
rope, Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1665; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9;
Seattle, Smith 858; Gray's Harbor, Henderson, June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Garry in 1826;
Railroad Creek, Elmer 718; Wenache River, Whited; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1749; Steptoe, VcLsey 12; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg,
Horner 509; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 328; Lake Chelan, Vasey 24; without locality, Vasey 367.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele, Flora 27: 56. 1844.
Aira atropurpurea Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 37. 1812.
Aira latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.
Deschampsia atropurpurea latifolia Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 2: 209. 1888.
Type locality: Finmark.
124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Mountains of New England and New York to Alaska south to Oregon and
Colorado. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1670; Mount Rainier, Fiper 1949;
Mount Rainier, Smith 690: Mount Adams, Henderson 2147: Stevens Pass, Sandberg d' Lei-
herg, August, 1893; Wenache Region, Brandegee, 1176; North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmtr
735; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1151; Skamania County, FUtt 1371; Cascade Mountains, Vasty
423.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Deschampsia calycina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 251. 1830.
Aira danthonioides Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 57. 1830.
Type locality: "Ilah. ad Monte-Rey Califomiae."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. Peru.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, SpiUman, May, 1896; Sandberg d' Leiberg 292;
WiLson Creek, Sandberg d' Ijtiherg 395; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Spipen [Naches]
River, Wilkes Expedition: Klickitat River, Fletl i:«)9; Pullman, Piper 1922, 1758; Elmer
888: Steptoe, Vaseg 25; Rattlesnake Mountains, for/on 413; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1175;
Blue Mountains, Homer 491 ; Kittitas County, Vasty 92; Palouso City, F. D. Cloud, June 22,
1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Deschampeda elongata (IIo<jk.) Munro in Benth. PI. Hartw. 342. 1857.
Aira elongaia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.
Type ixk-ality: "Sandy islands of the River Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1664; Sian Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1S93: Montcsano, Heller 4044, 3953a; Nisqually Valley, Allen
38; Seattle, Piper 843; Okanogan County, Sandberg d Leiberg 582; North Yakima, 6 H.
Fa//; Wenache, M'Ai/ed 1302; Stehekin, W7iiW 1399; Roslyn, IfAite<? 477; Skamania County
Flett 1372; Pullman, Piper 1741 ; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1174; Blue Mountains, Lake d Hull
70; Mount Carlton, Kreager 199; Tieton River, Cotton 50; Ellensburg, Vasey 389.
2k>NAL distribution: Transition.
TRISETUM.
Lemmas awnless; panicle narrow 1. T. muticum.
Lemmas awned.
Panicle dense and spike-like 2. T. spicatum.
Panicle loose and open.
Sheaths pubescent , lemma 7 mm. long S. T- canescens.
Sheaths glabrous; lemma 5 mm. long 4. T. cernuum.
1. Trisetum muticum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div, Agrost. 11: 50. 1898.
Triseturn subspicatum muticum Boland.; S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 296. 1880.
Trisetum brandegei Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883.
Type locality: "On the upper Tuolumne," California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: California to Washington, east to Colorado.
Specimens examined. Spangle, Suisdor/" 949.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter, PI. Eur. 1: 59. 1890.
Aria spicata L. Sp. PI. 1: 64. 1753.
Aria subspicaia h. Syst. Veg. ed. 10 : 873. 1759.
Trisetum subspicatum Beauv. Agrost. 88 and 180. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, New Mexico, and North Carolina.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 125
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, £'Zmer 1947; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper 2620, 1951; Mount Adams, Howell 423; Flett 1414; Yakima
County, Henderson 2261, 2262; Loomis, Elmer 556; Klickitat River, Flett 1368; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Sandherg <& Leiherg 687.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Trisetum spicatum molle (Michx.).
Avena moUis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 72. 1803.
Trisetum, subspicatum molle Gray, Man. ed. 2. 572. 1856.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada."
Range: Alaska to New England and Oregon.
Specimens examined: hoorais, Elmer 6iS3; Cascade Mountains, Fa«ey 386.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Trisetum canescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 100. 1862.
Type locality: "Oregon, Columbia Plains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1944, 1945; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891;
Smith 1097; Olympia, Henderson, June, 1892; Montesano, Heller 3931; upper Nisqually
Valley, ^ZZen 48; Mount Stuart, £'/mer 1143; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse,
F. D. Cloud, June, 1895; Blue Mountains, Horner 502, 518; Cascade Mountains, ]^asey 483;
Stehekin, Griffiths tfc Cotton 238.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Trisetum cemuum Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1: 61. 1830 (January).
Avena nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 254. 1830.
Trisetum sandbergii Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 378. 1896.
Trisetum nutkaense Scribner & Merrill, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1 : 63. 1902.
Type locality: "Ex Ins. Sitka."
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1946; Mount Rainier, Smith 979;
Longmire Springs, Smith, August, 1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 42; Seattle, Piper,
Smith 846; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1177; Pullman, Piper, July 13, 1899; Klickitat
River, Flett 1368, 1412; Blue Mountains, Lake & HuU 64; Mount Stuart, Sandherg tfc
Leiherg 823.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PHRAGMITES.
1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 379. 1880-83. Reed.
Arundo phragmites L. Sp. PI. 1: 81. 1753.
Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae lacubus, fluviis."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec south to Georgia and California, Europe, Asia.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 519; Columl)ia River, Scouler; Crab Creek, Douglas
County, Lake cfc Hull 113; between Yakima and Ellensburg, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
EATONIA.
Panicle dense, erect; upper glume obova te I. E. obtusata.
Panicle lax, often drooping; upper glume oblanceolate 2. E. pennsylvanica.
1. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Aira obtusata Michx. Fl. 1 : 62. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in aridis, a Carolina ad Floridam."
Range: Washington to Ontario and Massachusetts, southward to Arizona and Florida.
.
126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake cfe HuU, August, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer
1024; Brodie, June, 1898; Parker. .4. D. Dunn; Priest Rapids, CoOon 1389; Prosser,
Cotton 733.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
2. Eatonia pemisylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Eoeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. llort. Monsp. 117. 1813.
Type locality: "Penn."
Range: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Georgia and Texas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Lake *k HuU 61; Steptoe, Vasey 63; Usk,
Kreager 358; Toppenish, Cotton 802.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
KOELERIA.
1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. 1 : 97. 1805.
Aira cristata L. Sp. PI. 1: (J.*?. 17.'xi.
Ti'PE locality: "Habitat in Angliae, Cialliae, Holvetiac siccioribus."
Range: British Columbia to Athabasca, southward to .Vrizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Klmer 1668; AIki Point, /^/xr, June, 1891;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Ophir, Elmer 513; F'ort
Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache, WhiUd 1131; Douglas County, Spillman, May,
1896; Toppenish, Henderson 2210; Ticton River, Cotton 452; Rattlesnake Mountains,
CottoniU; Klickitat River, F//-« 1411 ; west Klickitat County, 5Mt«Zor/ 11 10 (a very pubes-
cent form); Spokane, Pijter 272'i; SjK>kane, A'reaj/fr 1 (very pulwscent); Clarks Springs,
Kreager 70; Pullman, Piper 1757; Elmer 885; Steptoe, Vasey, Juno, 1900; Walla Walla,
Leckenhy, May, 1898; Blue Mountains, Horner 492; Kittitas County, Vasey 143; Palouse
City, F. D. Cloud, June 22, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species is very variable and a critical revision of the genus may show it to consist
of several subspecies. The Euroix-an forms have been much subdivided in a recent paper
by Domin. To several of his .segregates he refers American specimens.
ERAQROSTIS.
Stems creeping; spikelets 10 to 35-flowered 1 . £". hypnoides.
Stems erect; spikelets 7 to 10-flowered 2. E. lutescens.
1. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888.
Poahy]moides h&m.Tah]. Encyc. 1: 185. 1791.
Eragrostis reptans Nees, Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829.
Type locality: "Ex America merid."
Range: New England to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Kalama, Piper, October, 1901 ; Almota, Piper 1799; Vancouver,
Sheldon 11266; Toppenish , Cotton 794.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
2. Eragrostis lutescens Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 7. 1899.
Type locality: "Sandy banks of Snake River, Almota, Washington."
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Near Kennewick, A,77ncr in 1897; Almota, Piper 2624.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 127
MELICA.
L^rnmas notched at apex, usually awned.
Awns long.
Nerves of t'.ie lemma hirsute 1. M. smithii.
Nerves of the lemma glabrous 2. M. aristata.
Awns short or none 3. if . Tiarfordii.
Lemma not notched at apex, awnless.
Apex of lemma long-acuminate 4. M. siibulata.
Apex of lemma obtuse.
Not bulbiferous; spikelets 12 to 16 ir;m. long o. M. s'.rida.
Bulbiferous; spikelets much shorter.
Spikelets shining, slender-peduncled, often nodding;
plants not tufted (i. M. spedabilis.
Spikelets dull, erect or ascending; plants tufted.
Panicle strict
;
glumes membranous 7. M. bella.
Panicle usually spreading; glumes coriaceous 8. M.fugax.
1. Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 294.-1888.
Arena smithii Portsr; Gray, Man. ed. 3. 640. 1867.
Melica reinfradn Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type locality: "isle Royale, Keewenaw Point, Lake Superior."
Range: Lake Superior to Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Sumas Prairie, Zi/aZi in 1858; without locality, Sandherg cfc
Leiberg 504; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2334^; Blue Mountains, Lake cfc Hidl 117.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
2. Melica aristata Tlmrb.; Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 103. 1870.
Type locality: "Loose soil in open woods near Clark's, 4,000 feet altitude, 1866."
California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, <Sl/isdo// 73; yVen&a, Grifflfhs d; Cotton 93sl.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Melica harfordii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 102. 1870.
Type locality: "Wooded hillsides, Santa Cruz road, near Lexington [California], June,
1865."
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1936, 1938; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 6;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 3, 288, 17; Lower Cascades, Skamania County, Suksdorf
1188.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3a. Melica harfordii tenuior nom. nov.
Melica harfordii minor Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 15: 48. 1888, not M. minor Hack. 1881.
Type locality: Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Fasey in 1889.
4. Melica cpectabiHs Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 45. 1885.
Melica scabraia Scribner; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Palouse Reg. 25. 1901.
Range: Eastern Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, 5w^sdor/'1113; Pullman, Piper 1745; Elmer
833; Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, Flett in 1899.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
5. Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 47. 1885.
Bromus subulatus Griseb. iti Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 358. 1853.
128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Melica acuminata Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 104. 1870.
Festuca cepacea Philippi, Linnaea 33: 297. 1864-65.
Melica cepacea Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 8. 1901.
Type ixx:ality: Unalaska.
R.\nge: Northern California to Wyoming and Alaska.
Specimens exa.mixed: Clallam County, £'/m^r 1937; Seattle, Piper 839, 864; Coupeville
Gardufr 3.39; Easton, Henderson 2216; upper Nisf|ually Valley, Alien 47; Blue Mountains,
P)>r 2560; Lake d- Hull S3: Homer 512: Stehek'm, Grijiths d- Cotton 22i).
iioNAL DisTRiBiTiox: Transition to A rctic.
6. Melica bella Piper, V. S. Dept. .\gr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 10. ICOO.
Melica bulbosa Geyer; Hix)k. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 8: 19. 1856, nom. nud.,not Melica
bulbosa Geyer; Thurh. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 304. 1880.
Type Lr»CALiTY: "Rocky ravine, Upper Platte." Collected by Geyer.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Oregon.
Specimen.s examined: Wenaclie Mountains, Brandegee 1182; TT^i/crf, May 31, 1899;
Mount Stu&rt, Sandberg d' Leilterg 580: Upper Atanum Wi\vr, Henderson 2214; Peshastin,
Sandbergd' Leiberg,J\i\y,\mi: Wenache,G. iZ. Vflsey, July, 1889; EUensburg, Piper 2616;
Chelan, Griffiths cfc Cotton 167; Stehekin, Griffitfis tfe Cotton 239.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Melica bella intonsa, sul)sp. nov.
Leaves and culms covered with a dense short reflexed pubescence.
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined-. Wenas, Griffiths tt Cotton 103, June, 1602 (type).
7a. Melica fugax madophylla, subsp. nov.
Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so.
Range: Wasliington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 61 (type), 78, 16, 5; without locality
Wilkes Expedition; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 9, 93.
Melica bromoides Gray is included in Suksdorf's List, but there is no evidence that the
species occurs in Washington.
PLEUROPOGON.
1. Pleuropogon refractum (A. Gray) Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. IS*:
pi. 69. 1893.
Lophochlaena refracta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 409. 1872.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1931; Piper; Seattle, Piper 886;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 40; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfe Leiherg 734; White River, Vasey 360.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Canadian.
DACTTXIS.
1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. PI. 1: 71. 1753. Orchard grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 224.
PGA. Bluegrass.
Annual; lemma without (•ol)webby hairs at base 1. P. annua.
Perennial.
Plants with creeping rootstocks.
Stem flattened, 2-edgcd
;
panicles small 2. P. compressa.
Stem cylindric.
Lemma webbed, that is, with a tuft of long hairs at the
base.
I\
flPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 129
Dioecious, seashore plant; spikelets 10 to 15 mm.
long 3. P. macrantha.
Perfect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long 4. P. pratensis.
Lemma not webbed.
Low seashore plant with narrow involute leaves and
small panicle 5. P. confinis.
Taller grasses, not maritime, with flat or folded
leaves.
Florets loose; ligule very short, ciliate; lat-
eral nerves of lemma prominent 6. P. nervosa.
Florets close; ligule rather long, not ciliate;
lateral nerves of lemma not prominent 7. P. olneyae.
Plants tufted, without rootstocks.
Lateral nerves of lemmas prominent; web present 8. P. trivialis.
Lateral nerves of lemmas not prominent.
Web present at base of lemma.
Leaves flat or folded, not soft and flaccid.
Panicle short, pyramidal; spikelets 6 to 7 mm.
long; low alpine plant 9. P. ardica.
Panicle ample, spreading; spikelets 3 to 4 mm.
long 10. P. triflora.
Leaves flat, rather short, soft and flaccid.
Panicle lax, spreading; spikelets 5 to 6 mm.
long; florets not early deciduous 1 1 . P. leptocoma.
Panicle narrow, the rays usually erect; florets
early deciduous.
Lemma glabrous, or nearly so 12. P. bolanderi.
Lemma pubescent 13. P. howellji.
Web absent, no tuft of hairs at base of lemma.
Nerves of the lemma pilose below.
Alpine plant; leaf blades flat, green, broad 14. P. aljrina.
Maritime plant; leaf blades narrow or folded,
glaucescent 15. P^ pachypholis.
Nerves of lemma not pilose.
Stems coarse, 60 to 100 cm. high.
Leaves flat, rarely involute, green or rarely
glaucescent; panicles ample.
Ligules long.
Panicle compact, lemmas sca-
brous 16. P. canhyi.
Panicle looser; lemmas pubes-
cent 17. P. lecJcenhyi.
Ligules short; panicle loose 18. P. ampla.
Leaves narrow, involute, pale; panicles
narrow, erect.
Ligules short 19. P. hrachyglossa.
Ligules long 20. P. nevadensis.
Stems not coarse nor tall, usually under 60 cm.
in height.
Leaves very narrow, filiform and involute.
Panicles loose.
Florets distant; ligule short.
. . . 28. P. idahoensis.
Florets close; ligule long 29. P. cajnllarifolia.
29418^-06 M 9
130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Panicles close.
Lemmas scabrous; leaves very
scabrous 30. P. cottoni.
Lemmas smooth ; leaves smooth . 31. P. cusickii.
Leaves not filiform.
Stems low, 5 to 20 cm. high; grasses
of the highest mountains.
Leaves soft; panicle purple, very
short; plants 5 to 10 cm. high. 32. P. lettermani.
' Leaves rather rigid
;
panicle pale,
narrow, elongated; plant 10 to
20 cm. high 33. P. suJcscbrJii.
Stems taller, usually 20 to 40 cm.
high; mostly grasses of rupestrine
habitat.
Panicle close, erect; leaves flat.
Lemmas pubescent at base;
leaves rather narrow, some-
times folded 21. P. sandbergii.
Lemmas glabrous; leaf
blades broader.
Leaf blades soft 22. P. paddensis.
Leaf blades firm, very
short 23. P. curtifolia.
Panicles loose; leaves narrow,
flat or involute.
Ligules of the sterile shoots
obsolete; of the culm leaves
short and truncate 24. P. multnomae.
Ligules well developed on all
the leaves.
\ Low plants 5 to 10 cm.
high; panicle small,
with divaricate rays
and few spikelets. . . . 25. P. vaseyocJdoa.
Taller; 10 to 30 cm.
-
.
.
high
;
panicle less
spreading, with many
^
spikelets.
Panicle loose;
. \ glumes thin,
blades involute.. 26. P. gracillitna.
Panicle close;
glumes firm,
blades flat 27. P. saxatilis.
1. Poa annua L. Sp. PI. 1: 68. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Europa ad vias.
"
Specimens examined: Near Ellcnsburg, Piper 2617; Vasey 181; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Southbend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Steptoe, Vasey 1; Pullman, Piper
2769.
Abundantly introduced, but in some localities apparently native.
2. Poa compressa L. Sp. PI. 1 : 69. 1753. Canada bluegrass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae et Americae septentrionalis siccis, muris, tectis."
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 131
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Pifer 2605; Ellensburg, Piper 2618; Steptoe, Vasey
50; Colfax, Vasey 60.
3. Poa macrantha Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 11. 1888.
Type locality: "At the mouth of the Columbia River." Collected by Howell.
Range: Seacoast of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 335; Clallam County, Elmer 1923; West-
port, Henderson 2243; Heller 3944.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753. Kentucky bluegrass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis."
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1922, 1920; near Montesemo, Heller 3866;
White River, Vasey 125; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 124; Sunnyside, Cotton 375; Spokane,
Sandherg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Steptoe, Vasey 21 ; Colfax, Vasey, June 20, 1900; Pullman,
Piper, June, 1893.
5. Poa confinis Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13'^: pZ. 75. 1893.
Poa abbreviata R. Br. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 312. 1880.
Type locality: Tillamook Bay, Oregon, according to label on type specimen. Col-
lected by Howell.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson 2245; Port Angeles, Piper 2308; Clallam
County, Elmer 1921; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition; Port Orchard, Piper; Johns
Island, Lauorence 200; Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
6. Poa nervosa (Hook.) Va.sey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13^: pi. 81. 1893.
Festuca nervosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. 1840.
TiPE locality: "Nutka Sound." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Poa olneyae Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.
Type locality: Spokane, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1358; Falcon Valley, SnJcsdorf 10; Mount
Adams, Sulcsdorf 160; Cleveland, Suhsdorf 109; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 9; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1159; Atanum River, Henderson '2f22(S; Upper Naches River, Henderson
2235; Spokane, Sandberg <& Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2295, 2820; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 467, 468, 444; Whited 672; Cotton 1262, 1627, 1658.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species is near P. wheeleri Vasey and our plant has been referred to that species.
8. Poa trivialis L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753. Rough meadow grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pascuis."
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Puyallup, Piper 3927, 3928.
0. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. to App. Parry's Voy. 288. 1824.
Type locality: Melville Island.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 46; Piper 1966.
Both these collections were distributed as Poa laxa Haenke.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
10. Poa triflora Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 531. 1792.
Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud.
Type locality: Europe.
1
132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2810, 2604; Montesano, Heller 4016; Cascade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 1452; Ophir, Elmer 517; Spokane, Piper,
August 7, 1898; Clarks Springs, Kreager 52; Usk, Zrmj/cr 362; Steptoe, Fasey 61.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
11. Poa leptocoma Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 374. 1830.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 835; Mount Stuart, Sandberg <& Lie-
berg 806; Klickitat River, Cotton 1451; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 108; Atanum River, Hertr
derson 2230; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 470; Cotton 1308; Clallam County, Elmer 1919.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
All the Washington specimens that have been referred to Poa rejlexa belong to P. lep-
tocoma.
13. Poa bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to Cahfornia.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Homer 489, 490.
12a. Poa bolanderi chandleri (Davy).
Poa howeUii chandleri Davy, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 60. 1902.
Type locality: "Shackleford Canon, near Marble Mt., Siskiyou County," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Homer 651, 652; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
13. Poa howellii Vasey & Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. IS^: pi. 78. 1893.
Type locality: Portland, Oregon. CoUected by Howell. •
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1924; Seattle, Piper 963, 962; Smith
962; without locality, Suksdorf.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Poa alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and Quebec. Asia. Europe
Specimens examined: North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 675.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
15. Poa pachypholis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905.
Type locality: "Ilwaco, Washington, on cliffs wet by the ocean spray, June 22, 1904."
Not otherwise known.
16. Poa canbjn. (Scribn.)
Glyceria canbyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 11: 77. 1883.
Atropis canbyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 580. 1896.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Tweedy and by Bran-
degee.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Ldberg 819; Cascade Mountains
Tweedy; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1708.
17. Poa leckenbyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 2. 1899.
Type locality: Scott, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Leckenby.
Range: Washington.
I PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 133"
I
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Douglas County, SpiUman, May, 1896;
Scott, Leckenhy; near Eltopia, Cotton 1019.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
18. Poa ampla Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902.
Poa laevicvlmis Williams, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903.
Type locality: Steptoe, Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Henderson 2224; Sandberg cfe Leiherg, June, 1893;
Wawawai, Leckenhy 3000; Piper 2567; Spokane, Piper, May, 1897; near North Yakima,
Henderson, May, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1127; Douglas County, SpUlman, May,
1896; Pullman, Piper 1755; Elmer 173.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
19. Poa brachyglossa Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 145. 1905.
Type locality: Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Wenas, Griffiths cfe Cotton 80; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 1;
Steamboat Rock, Griffiths <& Cotton 432; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 484; Brewster, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 260, 264; Condons Ferry, Griffiths cfe Cotton 421; Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfe
Cotton 449; Coulee City, Piper 3916, 3917, 3918; Cold Creek, Cotton 402; Colville Reserva-
tion, GAffiths cfe Cotton 401, 374, 396 ; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfe Cotton 512, 536, 518, 548; Wawsr-
wai, Piper 3955, 4127.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
20. Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 11: 66. 1883.
Type locality: Arizona, according to the type specimen.
Range: Washington to Arizona.
Specimens examined: BIngen, SutsJorf 2831.
Zonal distribufion: Upper Sonoran.
21. Poa sandbergii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893.
Aira brevifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 76. 1814, not Poa hrevifolia Gaud. 1808.
Poa incurva Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 6. 1899.
Type locality: Lewiston, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 115; Wenas, Griffiths cfe
Cotton 66, 99; Chelan, Griffiths cfe Cotton 170, 173; Stehekin, Griffiths cfe Cotton 208; Con-
conuUy, Griffiths cfe Cotton 305; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1929; Washtucna, Cotton 979;
Waitsburg, Horner 501; Steptoe, Vasey 8, 13, 7, 11, 14, 67; Rock Creek, Cotton 953; Saint
Johns, Cotton 963; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1989.
2k)NAL distribution: Mainly Arid Transition.
All of the Washington specimens that have been called Poa tenuifdia Nutt. or Poa
huckleyana Nash are referable to P. sandbergii.
22. Poa paddensis Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17 rev. ed.: 261. 1901.
Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. 1881, not Spreng. 1819.
Type locality: "On Mt. Hood, Oregon." Collected by Howell .
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1915; Flett 831; Elmer 1925, 1927,
1930; Bridge Creek, Elmer 675; Mount Rainier, Allen 184; Piper 1967; Atanum River,
Henderson 2244; Mount Adams, Howell 83; Suksdorf 158, 159.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
23. Poa curtifolia Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 3. 1899.
Type locality: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1148; Yakima Region, Tweedy in 1882.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
24. Poa multnomae Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 435. 1905.
Sporobolus bolanderi Vasey. Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1896, not Poa holanderi Vasey, 1882.
Type locality: Multnomah Falls, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4902; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 77.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
25. Poa vaseyochloa Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1. 1899.
Poa pulcMla Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882, not Salisb. 1796.
Type locality: "On the Columbia river, from near the river bank to the summit of the
hills," Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens e.xamined: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 2; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Suksdorf I: Mountains, Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 28, 1881.
26. Poa gracillima Va-sey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 272. 1893.
Type ix>cality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 33: Howell 86, 87; Henderson 2229;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1153.
27. Poa saxatilis Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 0: 1. 1899.
Type locality: "Mt. Rainier, Washington, altitude 2UX) meters."
Range: Washington to California, in the mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1993, 983; Elrner 1928; Flett 834, 97;
Mount Rainier, Piper 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1154, 1155; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2555.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
28. Poa idahoensis Bcal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 539. 1896.
Poa/Zi/bHaVasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893, not Schur. 1866.
Poa scabrifolia Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897.
Poa spillmani Piper, Erythea 7: 102. 1899.
Type locality: Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, Idaho.
R.4NGE: Wa.shington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenas, Griffiths cfe Cotton 94; Douglas County, SpiUman, May
27, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
29. Poa capillarifolia Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1.
1899.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2238; Ellensburg, Piper 2614,
2615; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 42.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
30. Poa cottoni Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905.
Type locality-: Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima County, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 557; Griffiths cfc CoUon 4, 20;
Kahlotus, Cotton 1010.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
31. Poa cusickii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 135
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, /feTu^erson 2246; Wen&s, Griffiths <& Cotton94;
Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 164, 172; Naches River, Henderson 2233.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
32. Pea le'ttermani Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 273. 1893.
Type locality : Gray Peak, Colorado.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 1968, 1969; Flett 267.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
33. Poa suksdorfii (Beal) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 574. 1896.
Atropis suksdorfii Beal, loc. cit.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington to Colorado?
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 183, Piper 1965; Mount Adams, Flett
1399, Henderson 2227, Suksdorf \\\%; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1147.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Poa stenantha Trin. is reported in Hooker's Flora as collected on Mount Rainier by
Tolmie. No recent collections made in Washington seem referable to this Alaskan species,
though its occurrence would not be surprising.
Poa caesia Smith and Poa nemoralis L. both appear in Suksdorf's list, but we have
seen no specimens that can be so referred.
DISTICHLIS.
1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Grfeene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 415. 1887. Saltgrass.
Uniola spicata L. Sp. PI. 1: 71. 1753.
Distichlis maritima Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 104 1819.
Distichlis spicata laxa Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 519. 1896.
Distichlis spicata stricta Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 6: 51. 1894.
Poa borealis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 245. 1840.
Brizopyrum horeale Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830.
Type locality: "Habitat in Americae borealis maritimis."
Range: In saline soils throughout the United States.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 508; Olympics, Elmer 1667; Seattle, Piper 809;
Tacoma, Flett 133; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 106; Piper 3911; Alkali Lake, Sandberg <&
Leiberg, July, 1863; Wilson Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, July, 1893; Douglas County, Spill-
man, May, 1896; State of Washington, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 463; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Kit-
titas County, Vasey 58; Lake Omack, Griffiths cfc Cotton 372.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran to Transition.
FESTXICA. Fescue.
Annuals; stamen usually one.
Spikelets densely 8 to 13-flowered 1. F. octoflora.
Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely 6-flowered.
Branches of the short panicle divergent.
Spikelets not at all pubescent 2. F. pacifica.
Spikelets more or less pubescent.
Lemma glabrous
;
glumes hirsute Z. F. confusa.
Lemma hirsute; glumes glabrous 4. F. eriolepis.
Branches of the elongated panicle erect or appressed.
First glume J to J as long as the second; lemma ciliate. . . 5. F. megalura.
First glume ^ to | as long as the second; lemma not ciliate. . 6. F. bromoides.
Perennials; stamens three.
Plants with narrow involute leaves, usually tufted.
136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Blades at length deciduous from the persisting sheaths 11. F. haUii.
Blades not deciduous from the sheaths.
^
Plant producing short rootstocks or stolons 7- F. rubra.
Plant not producing rootstocks or stolons.
Awns longer than the lennna; ovary hispidulous at
apex 8. F. occidentalis.
Awns not longer than the lemma: ovary glabrous.
Leaves closely involute, firm; awns usually well
developed 9. F. ovina.
Leaves closely involute: awns very short, or
none 10. F. viridvla.
Plants with flat broad leaves, not densely tufted.
Lemma indurated, not at all keeled 12. F. elatior.
Lemma membranous, keeled below.
Florets stipitate at base .• 13. F. •ntbulifora.
Florets not stipitate at base 14. F. svbitlata.
1. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Car. .SI 1788.
Fe.'ituca tenella Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 419. 1797.
Type locality: Carolina.
Range: Throughout most of temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wilson Creek, Sand-
berg <& Leiberg, July, 1893; Wenache, Whited, July, 1S9G; Columbia River, 4(5° to 49°,
LyaU in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2193; Pro&scr, Leckenby, May 2, 1898; Sunny-
side, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 410; Pa.sco, Piper, May 26, 1899: Spokane,
Leckenby, June 2, 1898; Marshall Junction, Pi])er 2279;"Steptoe, Vasey, May, 1900; with-
out locality, Va.sey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 3; Coulee City, Piper 3914.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
2. Festuca pacifica Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 12. 1906.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1139; Olympia, Henderson 2176;
Wenache, Whited 1228; North Yakima, Henderson 2174; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
472; Vasco, Leckenby, May, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, May, 1893; between
Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Steptoe, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Lake
<fe Hidl 108; Piper 1754; Almota, Piper 1925; Coulee City, Piper 3913.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
This species has commonly been mistaken for the rare Californian F. microstachys Nutt
3. Festuca confusa Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 13. 1906.
Type locality: West Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Switst^oi/ 1140.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Festuca eriolepis Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 428. 1853.
Festuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 1903.
Type locality: Chile.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California, Chile.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson 2196; Coulee City, Piper 3915.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
6. Festuca megalura Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 188. 1847.
Festuca myuros hirsuta Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558. 1901.
VuLpia myuros hirsuta Hack. Cat. Gram. Port. 24. 1888.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 137
Type locality: "Santa Barbara, Upper California." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California, Argentina. Chile. Portugal.
Specimens examined: Clallam County Elmer, 1914; East Sound, Henderson 2175;
Seattle, Piper; Spokane, Leckenhy, June, 1898; Pullman, Piper 3062; Steptoe, Vasey 18,
20; Waitsburg, Horner R 231.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. f'estuca bromoides L. Sp. PI. 1 : 75. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Anglia, Gallia."
Range: British Columbia to California. Introduced from Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1137; Tacoma, Flett; Stuart Island, Lawrence
62, 136; Port Crescent, Lawrence 257.
7. Festuca rubra L. Sp. PI. 1: 74. 1753. . Red fescue.
Festuca vaLlicola Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 57. 1900.
Type locality: European.
Range: Subarctic regions, southward mainly along the seacoasts to California and Vir-
ginia, and in the mountains to Colorado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Near Tacoma, Flett 40, Piper 2621 ; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition;
Piper 2594; Steptoe, Vasey 39; Pullman, Piper 1930, 3023; Horner 909; Clallam County,
Elmer 1912, 1913; Fairhaven, Pi^yer 2607; Port Angeles, Piper 2309; Westport, Henderson
2173; Kitsap County, Piper 848; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Smith, U&y 29, 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7a. Festuca rubra megastachys Gaud. Fl. Ilelv. 1: 287. 1828.
Festuca oreyona Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 2: 126. 1877.
Type locality: Switzerland.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sutsdor/" 1140; Klickitat River, 5«Jt«for/"1147.
7b. Festuca rubra multiflora(Hofrm.)Asch.&Grael)n.Syn.Mitteleur.Fl. 2: 499. 1900.
Festuca multiftora Ilodm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1': .50. 1800.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California. Maine. Europe.
Specimens examined: Spangle, -Sutsdoj/ 119.
7c. Festuca rubra kitaibeliana (Schultes) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 23. 1906.
Festuca kitaibeliana Schultes, Mant. 2: 398. 1824.
Festuca barbata Schrank, Prim. Fl. Salisb. 46. 1792, not L. 17.59.
Bromus secundus Presl, Rel. Ilacnk. 1 : 280. 1830.
Festuca rubra secunda Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 39. 1899.
Festuca rubra pubescens Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 607. 1896.
Type locality: "In Ilungaria."
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Wyoming, and New England. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, G'ardner 332; west Klickitat County, ^w/tstZo// 167.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This subspecies is easily recognizable by its pubescent lemmas.
8. Festuca occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 249. 1840.
Festuca ovina polyphylla Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 597. 1896.
Type locality : " Plains and elevated grounds of the Columbia near the sea." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: Idaho and British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1915, 1917; Nisqually Valley, Allen 50;
Seattle, Smith, May 20, 1889, Piper 834; Lake Chelan, Vasey 65; Skamania County, Flett
1385; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3085; Blue Mountains, Piper
138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2556; Horner 500; Lake cfc Hull 80; without locality, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 482; Fort Van-
couver (ex Hooker) ; Stehekin, Griffiths <£• Cotton 188.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Our plant has been referred to Festuca oinna heterophyUa of Europe, which, however, is
quite different.
9a. Festuca ovina ingrata Hack. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 598. 1896.
Blue bcncho^ass.
Festuca ovina oregona Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 599.
Festuca vaseyana Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 601.
Festuca ovina columbiana Beal, op. cit. 599.
Type locality': Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1142; Cascade Mountains, Henderson
2192; Blue Mountains, Lake d' Hull 85, 76; Piper 2410; Ellensburg, Whited 640; Ophir,
Elmer 514; Pullman, Piper 1752; Elmer 826; Rock Creek, Piper 2610; Kamiak Butte,
Piper 3085; Steptoe, Vasey, in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 68; Spokane, Kreager 41.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9b. Festuca ovina supina (Schur) Hack. Mon. Fest. 88. 1882.
Festuca supina Schur, Enum. PI. Transs. 784. 1866.
Type locality: Transylvania.
Range: Arctic regions, southward in the mountains to California, Arizona, and New
Hampshire. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1985; Elmer 1911; Flett 91, 117;
Mount Baker, Flett 868; Mount Rainier, Allen 181; Piper 1960, 1958; Smith 958; Mount
Adams, Flett 1400; Klickitat River, Flett 1362.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This subspecies has commonly been confused with the flaccid-leaved F. ovina brachy-
phyUa (Schultes) Piper {F. brevifolia R. Br.)
10. Festuca viridula Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13: t. 93. 1893.
Festuca gracillima Hook. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 318. 1880.
Type locality: "California."
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Skagit Pass, Lake cfe Hull 116, 121; Peshastin, Sandberg cfe
Leiberg 693; Mount Rainier, Piper 1959; Mount Adams, Flett 1397; Henderson 2200;
Suksdorf 44Q ; Atanum River, Henderson 2191; Mount Rainier, Allen 180; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 276, 241; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 407.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
11. Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 31. 1906.
Melica hallii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. 1881.
Festuca scabrella major Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains between latitudes 39° and 41°.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 460; without locality, Vasey 38; Steptoe, Vasey 5; Wenache Region, Fase;/ 441
;
Spokane, Suksdorf in 1884; Chelan Butte, Griffiths cfc Cotton 165; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths cfe Cotton 353.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
12. Festuca elatior L. Sp. PI. 1: 75. 1753. Meadow Fescue.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 1986; Naches River, Henderson 2234; Pullman,
Piper 2020; olfax, Vasey 46.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 139
13. Festuca subuliflora Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 2: 396. 1890.
Festuca ambigua Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893, not Le Gall. 1852.
Festuca denticulata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896.
Type locality: Goldstream, Vancouver Island.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: San Juan County, Henderson 2197; Seattle, Piper in 1889;
Olympia, Henderson 2179; Port Crescent, Lawrence 278.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Festuca subulata Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832.
Festuca jonesii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1916, 1918; Coupeville, Gardner 338;
Seattle, Piper 837, 957, 938; Smith, June, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Alhn 39; Piper 1981;
Harmony, G. Hofer, July 26, 1901; without locality, Sandberg i& Leiberg 504; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Lalce & Hull 81; Horner 506; Clarks Springs, Kreager 38;
Chelan County, Vasey 5.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
PANICTJLARIA.
Spikelets linear, 10 to 20 mm. long.
Floweringglumesscabridonly on the nerves; spikelets 10 to 17 mm.
long 1 . P. borealis.
Flowering glumes scabrid all over the back; spikelets 16 to 20 mm.
long 2. P. fluitans.
Spikelets ovate or oblong, 2 to 8 mm. long.
Flowering glume with 5 prominent nerves 3. P. panciflora.
Flowering glume with 7 prominent nerves.
Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long 4. P. nervata.
Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long 5. P. americana.
1. Panicularia borealis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 348. 1897.
Glyceria borealis Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 27. 1901.
Type locality: Van Buren, Maine.
Range: New York to California and northward.
Specimens examined: Valley of Nisqually, Allen 441; Seattle, Piper 855; EUensburg,
WhiUd, June 29, 1897; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper 1748;
without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 701; Vasey 57, 517.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 782. 1891.
Festuca fluitans L. Sp. PI. 1 : 75. 1753.
Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1 : 179. 1810.
Panicularia davyi Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902.
Glyceria leptostachya Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 95. 1862.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to New Jersey, Kentucky, and
California.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, i/eZZer 3982; Quinault River, Lam6 1400; Van-
couver, Piper 4905.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The Heller and the Lamb specimens agree with the types Panicularia davyi and Glyceria
leptostachya, characterized by having the lemmas puberulent-scabrous and the glumes
small and thin. These characters seem to be too variable, however, to accept as specific.
140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 783. 1891.
Glyceria jHniciiJora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 257. 1830.
Panicularia faccida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903.
Panicularia vntltifolia Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 54.
Type ixMrAun': " In sinu Nootka."
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, f/mer 1939, 1942, 1941 ; Cascade Moimtains,
Lyall, in August, 1860; Seattle, Piper 810; Valley of Nisqually, AUen 49; Ellensburg,
Whited 686; Vasey 363; North Yakima, WaH, August, 1895; West KlickiUt County,
SuTcsdorf 1137; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901 ; near Colfax, Vasey 58; without local-
ity, Sandlerg & Leiherg 604, 507; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 506; Clallam County,
Elmer 1940; Rock Lake, Lake <& Hull 162.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The original description of Glyceria jKturifora does not apply well to our plant, but the
name is here used as commonly applied. An examination of the type will doubtless
show it to be different, perhaps not of this genus.
4. Panicidaria nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 783. 1891.
Poa nen-ata Willd. Sp. PI. 1 : 389. 1797.
Glyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 365. 1830.
Type ixx^auty: "Habitat in America lx)reali."
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Labrador, .southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 481 and July, 1897; North Yakima, Leck-
enfty, June 1, 1898; Wilson Creek, Lake tb IIvll 95; Spokane County, Svksdoif 105; Spo-
kane, Wilkes Expedition; between Colfax and Almota, Brodie; Union Flat, Piper, July
9, 1901 ; Shotgim Canyon, Palouse River, ro««i/, July 1, 1900; eastern Washington, Lake <Ss
Hull 373; Davis' ranch, Kreager 224; Kittitas County, Vasey 126.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Specimens collected by Tweedy and Brandcgee and referred by Professor Scribner to
Glyceria pallida a are probably a pale form of P. nervata. As we have not been able to find
the specimens this is purely surmise.
4a. Panicularia nervata elata (Nash).
Panicularia elata Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 54. 1900.
Glyceria latifolia Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902.
Type locality: "Sweet Grass Carton, Crazy Mountains," Montana.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Smith 942; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1136; Railroad Creek,
Elmer 721; Mount Carlton, Kreager 274.
Zonal distribution: Transition, especially Humid.
5. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Met. Minn. 81. 1892.
Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl. U. S. 1 : 108. 1824.
Glyceria grandis W'ats, in Gray, Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890.
Type locality': Decrfield, Ma.s.sachusetts.
Range: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Tennessee and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sumas Prairie, iyaZ/ in 1858; Montesano, Heller 4071; Van-
couver, Howell 362; Loomis, Elmer 628; Alma, Elmer 534; Ellensburg, Piper 2577; Wait»-
burg, Horner 229; Lake Chelan, Vasey 523; Cow Creek, Griffiths <& Cotton 507.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
a Bull. Torr. Club 10 : 78. 1883.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 141
PUCCINELHA.
Panicle narrow, its base usually inclosed in the upper sheath, erect or the
short lower branches sometimes divergent I. P. angustata.
Panicle well exserted, the branches becoming divaricate or reflexed 2. P. distans.
1. Puccinellia angustata (R. Br.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 512. 1895.
Poa angustata R. Br. App. Parry's Voyage 287. 1824.
Glyceria jmmila Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Poa nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 : 272. 1830.
Type locality: Melville Island.
Range : Seacoasts, arctic regions south to Oregon and Maine.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1027.
2. Puccinellia distans (L.) Pari. Fl. Ital. 1: 367. 1848.
Poa distans L. Mant. 1 : 32. 1767.
Type locality: "Habitat in Austria."
Range: Seacoasts; subarctic regions south to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe.
Specimens examined: Yakima City, Pifer 2590; Wenas, Griffiths cfc Cotton 102, 73;
Seattle, Piper 1451 ; Clallam County, Elmer 1910.
None of the above specimens are typical P. distans, but in the present confusion of the
genus they are tentatively so referred.
BROMTJS. Bromb grass.
Spikelets strongly flattened.
Awns less than 7 mm. long.
Leaves linear, somewhat involute, pilose \.B. suhvelutinua
Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, not pilose 2. B. marginatus.
Awns more than 7 mm. long.
Panicle very broad, the longest rays 15 to 25 cm. long, droop-
ing 3. B. sitchensis.
Panicle large but the rays not drooping 4. B. carinatus.
Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened.
Native perennials mostly with loose and drooping panicles; lemma
usually more or less long-hairy.
Rays of the panicle not drooping.
Panicle branches spreading, stiff; lemma scabrous or
short-pubescent over the back 5. -fi. orcuttianns.
Panicle short and erect; lemma pubescent on the sides. . 6. B. suksdorfii.
Rays of the panicle drooping.
Plant with rootstocks -. 7. B. laevipes.
Plants without rootstocks.
Lemma evenly pubescent.
Panicle large, heavy; culms stout 8. B. pacijicus.
Panicle small; culms slender 9. B. eximius.
Lemma unevenly pubescent 10. fl. richardsonii.
Introduced annuals or biennials.
Awns much longer than the body of the narrow lemma.
Lemma pubescent; awns 13 to 15 mm. long 14. B. tectorum.
Lemma not pubescent.
Awns 35 to 45 mm. long 11. B. ynaximus.
Awns less than 30 mm. long.
Panicle a dense head-like cluster 12. B. rubens.
Panicle loose 13. B. sterilis.
142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Awns shorter than or scarcely exceeding the broad lemma.
Awns minute or wanting 15. B. brizaeformia.
Awn well developed.
Panicle dense, small 16. B. hordeaceus.
Panicle loose, ope:i.
Awn twisted and divaricate 17.5. japonicus.
Awn straight.
Margins of the lemma inrolled in fruit 18. B. secalinus.
Margins of the lemma not inrolled in fruit. 19. B. racemosus.
1. Bromus subvelutinus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : 52. 1900.
Type locality: Reno, Nevada.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Hunter 596.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Bromus marginatus Nees; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 322. 1S5-J.
Type locality: "Douglas legit ad flu v. Columbia, St. Louis." This is some undeter-
mined point on the Columbia River.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Whidby Island, Gar<Zn«r 329; Wenache
Lake, Vasey 103; Wenache, Whited 4; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1359; Skamania
County, Flett 1391; Klickitat River, Flett 1391; Ellensburg, Wkiied 440; Union Gap,
Yakima River, Cotton 448; Tieton River, Cotton 484; Blue Mountains, Pijwr, 2565, July
15, 1896; Salmon River, Homer 511; Cold Creek, Cotton 401; Steptoe, Vasey in 1901;
Walla Walla, Shear 1593; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 174; Yakima, Leckenby in 1898.
Zonal distribution: Transition mostly.
This species has commonly but erroneously been called B. breviariatatus Hook.
2a. Bromus marginatus seminudus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:
55. 1900.
Type locality: "On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon."
Collected by Shear.
Range: Washington to Montana, south to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pi'per 1990; Elmer 1956; Monte^ano,
Heller 3979.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2b. Bromus marginatus latior Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900.
Type locality: "Walla Walla, Washington." Collected by Shear.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, south to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1958; Ellensburg, Pi'per, July 9,
1897; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Steptoe, Vasey 23; Pullman, Piper 1738; Walla
Walla, Shear 1615.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Bromus sitchensis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 2: 173. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Washington to Alaska along the coast.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant, in 1889; Seattle, Piper 3014,
3013; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Cascade Mountains, LyaU, in 1859.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 403. 1841.
Bromus hookerianus minor Scribner; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 614. 1896.
Type locality: California.
Range: California to Washington and Idaho.
F PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 143
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 260; Seattle, Piper, May 30, 1890, 818 in part;
Tacoma, Leckenby, in 1898; Blue Mountains, Lalce cfc Hull 65; Walla Walla, Shear 1579;
Almota, Piper 3561 ; Wawawai, Piper 3552; Homer 915; Walla Walla, Shear 1579; Tacoma,
Leckenby in 1898.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Transition.
4a. Bromus carinatus hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. Agrost. 23:
60. 1900.
Bromus hookerianus Thurb. in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 493. 1874, not Wiegel. 1772.
Ceratochloa grandifiora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 253. 1840.
Bromus virens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1862, not Nees. 1829.
Type locality: "Plains of the Columbia", according to the original description.
"Upland dry soils on the Multoonah [i. e., the Willamette], 1826", according to ticket on
type specimen, collected by Douglas.
Range: California to Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 818; Lyle, F. W. Magan; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 16.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
5. Bromus orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type locality: "Near San Diego", California.
Range: South California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, iSwts^Zor/ 172; Mount Adams, 5uts(Zof/ 120.
6. Bromus suksdorfii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 620, 74.
Zonal distribution: Hud.sonian.
7. Bromus laevipes Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 45. 1900.
Type lcxjality: "On the Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Washington.''
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, iSwArsrfor/' 178.
8. Bromus pacificus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 38. 1900.
Bromus magnificus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903.
Type locality: "In moist thickets near the seashore south of Seaside, Oregon."
Range: Oregon to Alaska along the coast.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803; Clallam County, Elmer 1957;
Granville, Canard 343.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
9. Brom.us eximius (Shear).
Bromus vulgaris eximius Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.
Bromus ciliatvs glaberrimus Syksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901.
Type locality: "Moist, open mountain side 4 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon."
Collected by Shear.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Upper Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Skamania
County, Suksdorj 2335.
9a. Bromus eximius robustus (Shear).
Bromus vulgaris robustus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.
Type locality: "In moist thickets near the seashore, Seaside, Oregon." Collected by
Scribner and Shear.
Range: Oregon to British Columbia and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 946; Montesano, Heller 3999; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 176.
144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9b. Bromus eximius vunbraticus nom. nov.
Bromus vulgaris Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 43. 1900, not Bromus
purgans mlgaris HcK)k. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840, nor B. secalinus vulgaris Koch, Syn.
819. 18;?7.
Type locality: Collected in the upper Nisqually Valley, Washington, by Allen (no. 41).
R.^nge: California to British Columbia, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, £/«!«• 1961, 1960; Seattle, Piper 945, 946;
Tacoma, Flett 74; Nisqually Valley, Alien 41; Blue Mountains, Piper 2563; Lake d' Hull
79: //omfr 513, 514; Clarks Springs, Kreager 57; Tacoma, Leckenby; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 177 ; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 175.
Zonal distribittion: Transition.
This species was formerly confu.«!ed with B. riliatus L., which Is not known from within
our limits.
10. Bromus richardsonii pallidas (Hook.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
23: 34. 1900.
Bromus purgans paUidus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840.
Type locality: "Saskatchewan to the RtKky Mountains."
Range: Nebraska to Nevada and northward to the .Vrctic.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803;
White River, V^asey 378; LoomLs, Elmer 559.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Hudsonian.
11. Bromus maximus Desf. Fl. Atl. 1: 95. 1800.
Type ixkality: "Hah. in arvis," Europe.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Leckenby, June 2, 1898.
11a. Bromus maximus g^ssoni Pari. Fl. Ital. 1: 407. 1848.
Bromu.s gussoni Pari. Rar. PI. Sic. 2: 8. 1840.
Type locality: Sicily.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, July, 1897; Leckenby in 1898.
12. Bromus rubens L. Cent. PI. 1: 5. 1755.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Bingen, S«)t:«do//5077.
13. Bromus sterilis L. Sp. PI. 1: 77. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 2554; Stuart Island, Lawrence 169; Walla
Walla, Shear 1616.
14. Bromus tectorum L. Sp. PI. 1: 77. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pasco, Elmer 1047; Pullman,
Piper, July 4, 1899; without locality, Sandberg <& Leiberg 191; Wallula, Cotton 1066.
15. Bromus brizaeform.i8 Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 30. 1837.
Type locality: "In montibus Talusch."
Specimens examined: Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 430; Waitsburg, Horner 563;
Steptoe, Vasey 53; Almota, Piper 1739; Wawawai, Piper 1739; Pullman, Piper 1739;
Elmer 876.
16. Bromus hordeaceus L. Sp. PI. 1: 77. 1753.
Bromus mollis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1; 112. 1762.
Type locality. European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 796; Steptoe, Vasey 22; Almota, Piper 3562;
Pullman, Elmer 878 in part; Piper, May, 1894, June 21, 1901; Prosser, Cotton 1110; Walla
Walla, Shear 1585; Tacoma, Leckenby in 1898.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 145
16a. Bromus hordeaceus glabrescens. (Coss.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 23: 20. 1900.
Bromus mollis glabrescens Coss. Fl. Descr. Par. 654. 1845.
Type locality: Paris, France.
Specimens examined: Cold Creek, Cotton 495; Kittitas County, Vdsey 74; Pullman
Elmer 878 in part.
17. Bromus japonicus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 52. t. 11. 1784.
Bromus patvlus Mert. & Koch in Rohl. Deutschl. Fl. 1: 685. 1823.
Type locality: Japan.
Specimens examined: Prosser, Cotton 1111.
18. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. PI. 1: 76. 1753. • Cheat.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae agris secalinis arenosis."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pifer 1987; Fort Colville, Lyall, August, 1860; Steptoe,
Vasey 45, 48; Waitsburg, Horner 521.
19. Bromus racemosus commutatus (Schrad.) Hook. f. Stud. Fl. Brit. Isl. 451. 1870.
Bromus commutatus Schrad. Fl. Germ. 353. 1806.
Type locality: Germany.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1959; Montesano, Heller 3983; Seattle
Piper 944; Pullman, Elmer SSG; Piper 3926.
SPARTINA.
Plant stout; spikelets 12 to 14 mm. long 1. S. pectinata.
Plant slender; spikelets 6 to 9 mm. long 2. S. gracilis.
1. Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb. 1': 92. 1820.
Type locality: "Aus Nordamerika."
Range: Nova Scotia to Washington, south to New Jersey, Indian Territory, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861, Almota, Piper 2372; Kalis-
pol Lake, Kreager 339
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran to Transition.
This species has commonly been known as Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Michx., but the
type of Dactylis cynosuroides is the species known as Spartina polystachya Michx.
2. Spartina gracilis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL e'': 110. 1840.
Type ixjcality: "Amer. Bor."
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to North Dakota and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 891; Coulee City, Henderson 2248, Piper 3910;
Wilson Creek, Sandherg cfe Leiberg 248; Silver Lake, Henderson 2248; without locality,
Brandegee 1152; Okanogan, Griffiths cfc Cotton 266; Grand Coulee, Griffiths <& Cotton 450;
Condons Ferry, Griffiths cfe Cotton 418.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
BECKMANNIA.
1. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. Gram. Austr. 3: 5. 1805.
Phalaris erucaeformis L. Sp. PI. 1: 55. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Siberia, Russia, Europa australi."
Range: Ontario to British Columbia, south to Iowa, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Loomis, E'/mer 587; Toppcnish, //entZfrson, May, 1892; Pullman,
Piper 1750; Union Flat, Whitman County, Lake & Hull 109; Steptoe, Vasey 62, Ellens-,
burg, Vasey 495; Cow Creek, Griffiths cf* Cotton 519.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
29418—06 m 10
146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CAPBIOLA.
1. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kimtzc, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 764. 1891. Bermuda gbass.
Panicum dactylon L. Sp. PI. 1: 58. 1753.
Cynodon dactylon Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805.
Type locality: "Hab. in Europa australi."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, T^clcenhy, August, 1897.
SCBIBNERIA.
1. Scribneria bolanderi (Tliurb.) llatkel, Bot. Gaz. 11: 105. 1886.
UpturuH holandfri Thurb. Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 401. 1868.
Type ix)cality: "Dry gravelly soil, Russian River Valley, California." Collected by
Bolander.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens e.xamined: Near Major Creek, Sulrsdo// 913.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
LOLITJM.
Glumes equaling or exceeding the spikelet without the awns \. L. temtdenium.
Glumes shorter than the spikelet 2. L. perenne.
1. Loliilm temulentum L. Sp. PL 1: 83. 1753.
Type ixx^ality: "Habitat in Europae agris inter llordeum, Linum."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 794.
2. Lolium perenne L. Sp. PI. 1: 83. 1753. Perennial ryegrass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fortiii."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 786; Montesano, Heller 3981.
AGROPYRON. Wheat grass.
Plants densely tufted, seldom producing stolons.
Glumes awnless.
Spikelets flattened, somewhat remote 1. A. spicatum.
Spikelets subterete, close.
Lemmas long-awned 2. A. richardsonii.
Lemmas awnless, or very .short-awned.
Spikes slender, 5 to 20 cm. long; lower glume 5-nerved 3. A. tenerum.
Spikes short, 2 to 7 cm. long; lower glume 3-nerved . 4. A. hifiorum.
Glumes awned.
Awns short; glumes lanceolate 5. A. gmdini.
Awas long; glumes subulate.
Spike dense; herbage pubescent 6. .4. saxicola.
Spike loose; herbage glabrous 7. A. jlexuosum.
Plants not tufted, producing abundant stolons.
Lemma hairy.
Spike rather dense; lemmas villous ?>. A. suhvillosum.
Spike loose, elongate; lemmas puberulent 9. .4. lanceolatum.
Lemma not hairy, usually glabrous.
Leaves scabrous on both sides 10. ^. occideniale.
Leaves smooth beneath, pubescent above 11. ^. repens.
1. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 33. 1897. Wheat bunchgrass. Plate XIX.
Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. 1: 83. 1814.
Agropyron divergens Nees in Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1 : 347. 1854.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
\A4
Plate XIX.

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 147
Type locality: Type collected by Lewis June 10, 1806, then at "Camp Chopunnish,"
opposite Karaiah, Idaho.
Range: "Washington and Montana to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, 1147; EUensburg, Whited 650; Yakima, Hear-
derson 2140; Skamania County, Flett 1383; Tieton River, Cotton 451; Steptoe, Vasey 36;
Pullman, Piper 1760; Blue Mountains, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 583; Lake & Hull 77; Homer
519, 515; Piper 2562; Almota, Piper 1753; Wawawai, Elmer 750; Piper 1911, 3001, 3954,
3960, 3525.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
For illustration of a bunchgrass prairie see Plate XI, facing page 48.
la. Agropyron spicatum inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 3. 1900.
Agropyron divergens inerme Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 27. 1897.
Agropyron vaseyi Scribn. & Smith, loc. cit.
Type localfty: "British Columbia to Utah and Idaho."
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1231, 1265; Wenache, Whited 1376;
Stehekin, Whited 1395; between Coulee City and Waterville, SpUlman, May, 1896; Waits-
burg, Horner 235, 234; Lake Chelan, Vasey 169; Spokane, Piper 2612; Pullman, Piper 1913;
Wawawai, Piper 1916, 3004^, 3962; Elmer 753; Almota, Piper 1915; Big Meadow, Kreagef
419; Whitman County, Henderson 2132.
The last-named specimen is the type of Agropyron vaseyi Scribn. & Smith.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
lb. Agropyron spicatum puberulentum nom. nov.
Agropyron spicatum puhescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36; 52. 1903, not Triticum repens pubes-
cens Doll. Fl. Bad. 129. 1857.
Type locality: Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1157, 1158.
2. Agropjrron richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad.; Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 29. 1897.
Triticum richardsoni Trin. Linnaea 12: 467. 1838.
Type locality: "America borealis arctica?"
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to the Black Hills and California.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Griffiths cfe Cotton 340; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfe Cotton 511;
Yakima Ridge, Cotton 1411; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1329.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species is exceedingly close to A. caninum Roem. & Schult., to which indeed some
of the specimens may be referable.
3. Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 258. 1885.
Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34. 1897.
Type ix)cality: Fort Garland, Colorado, according to the label of the type specimen.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to New England, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Bridge Creek, Elmer 679; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; Piper
2844; Johns Island, Cotton 208; Seattle, Piper, June 20, 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 667; Toppenish, Cotton 793; Prosser, Cotton 744; Squaw Creek, Cotton 878; Cow
Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 509, 533; Conconully Creek, Griffiths <fc Cotton 293; Olympia to
Gate City, Heller 4059; EUensburg, Piper 2587; Yakima, Watt, July, 1895; Spokane, Piper
2595; Henderson, July, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2139; Pullman, Piper 1910.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
4. Agropyron biflorum (Brign.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 760. 1817.
Agropyron biflorum Brign. PI. Rar. Foroj. 18. 1810.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Bridge Creek, Elmer 676.
Zonal distribltion: Arctic and Hudsonian.
5. Agropyron gmelini (Griseb.) Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 30. 1897.
Triticum caninum gmelini Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 16. pi. 248. 1831.
Type locality: " Ilab in rupestribus ad fl. Tscharj-sch, Buchtonna, Katunja."
Range: Washington to Montana and Nebraska. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Suksdorf 1167.
This specimen is probably a mere form of A. spicatum with short basal leaves and short-
awned emptv glumes. It has much less scabrous lemmas than A. gmelini of Siberia, which
plant, in typical form at least, docs not seem to occur in America.
6. Agropyron saxicola (Scribn. & Smith).
Elymus saxicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 56. 1898.
TiPE locality: "Among bowlders and rocky crevices on the summit of Mount Chapaca,
altitude 1,900 meters," Okanogan County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
7. Agropyron flexuostun Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 149. 1905.
Sitamon fiexxiosum Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899.
Type ixx^ality: Wawawai, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Leckenby 88; Piper 3004, 3965, 3967; Wenache Moun-
tains, Cotton 1671, 1758.
8. Agropyron subvillosum (Hook).
Triticum repens subvillosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 254. 1840.
Agropyron dasystachyum subvillosum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 4: 33. 1897.
Type locality: "Fort Norman on the Mackenzie River."
Range: Saskatchewan to Washington, Nevada, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2585; Whited 680; Klickitat County, Leckenby,
May, 1898; Connell, Leckenby 2622; Toppenish, Henderson 2137; Pasco, Henderson 2171;
Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, July, 1893; Lake
Chelan, Vasey 530; Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 1035; Prosser, Cotton 634; Kiona,
Cotton 719; North Yakima, Watt 2271.
Zonal distrilution : Upper Sonoran.
9. Agropyron lanceolatum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34.
1897.
Agropyron elmeri Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 54. 1898.
Type locality : Blackfoot, Idaho. Collected by Palmer.
Range: Washington, Idaho, Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited in 1895; Lake Chelan, Vasey 81; Chelan, Vasey
287; below Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 154; Ophir, Elmer 523; Palouse, Cloud, June 22, 1895;
Wawawai, Brodie 894; Piper 3008, 3089, 3964; Elmer 759.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
10. Agropjrron occidentale Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900.
Bluestem.
Agropyron glaucum occidentale Scribn. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 9: 119. 1885.
Agropyron spicatum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897,
not Festuca spicata Pursh. 1814.
Type locality: Kansas.
Range: Washington to Wisconsin, Texas, and Arizona.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHHSTOTON. 149
Specimens examined: Wenaclio, Whited in 1895; North Yakima, Watt, July, 1895; Ophir,
Elmer 512; Cojpevillc, Gardner 320, 334.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
The Agropyron glaucum of Suksdorf's List is based on specimens of A. occidentale.
11. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. Quack grass.
Triticum re-pens L. Sp. PL 1 : 88. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae cukis."
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper, July 20, 1897; Walla Walla, LecTcenhy, July 18,
1899; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901.
HORDETJM. Wild barley.
Floret of the central spikelet pediceled; glumes ciliate 1. H . murinum.
Floret of the central spikelet sessile; glumes not ciliate.
Glumes all alike, subulate.
Lateral florets long-awned.
Awns 4 to 6 cm. long 2. H. jubatum.
Awns 2 to 3 cm. long.
Sheaths and blades glabrous 3. H. caespitosum.
Sheaths and blades pilose 4. H. comosum.
Lateral florets not awned.
Lateral florets neutral 5. //. nodosum.
Lateral florets perfect 6. //. boreale.
Glumes not all subulate, the inner ones obliquely lanceolate 7. H. geniculatum.
1. Hordeum murinum. L. Sp. PI. 1: 85. 1753. Wall barley.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, Piper 2602; Ellensburg, Piper 2582;
Waitsburg, Horner 246; Almota, Piper 3560; Wallula, CbWon 1045.
2. Hordeum. jubatum. L. Sp. PI. 1: 85. 1753. Squirrel tail.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Alaska to Ontario, south to California and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1889; North Yakima, Henderson 2208; Par-
ker, A. D. Dunn, August 11, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1746; Spokane, Piper, June, 1897;
Steptoe, Vasey 49.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn. Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. 7: 245. 1899.
Type locality: Edgemont, South Dakota.
Range: Washington to Assiniboia, Kansas, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Leckenby, June 3, 1898; Alma, Elmer 535; near Colum-
bus, iSuisdor/ 218; without \ociility, Sandberg d; Leiberg 245; Ephr&ta, Griffiths ck Cotton
463; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1384, 1404; Kiona, Cotton 718; Grand Coulee, Griffiths tfc Cotton
445.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Hordeum comosum. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 327. 1830.
Type locality: Chile.
Range: Washington. Chile.
Specimens examined; Alma, Elmer 535; Colville Reservation, Griffiths cfc Cotton 363.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 126. 1762. '
Type locality: "HaWtat in Italia, Anglia."
Range: North temperate America, Asia, and Europe.
150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flelt 830; Fairhaven, Pi'per 2603; Seattle,
Smith 803; Tacoma, Fhit 45, Uclcenhy; Columbia River, 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Step-
toe, Vasey 16; without locality, Sakdberg cfc Leiberg 245; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River,
Kreager 433.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5a. Hordeum nodosum depressum Scrihn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 4: 24. 1897.
TiPE locality: Near Lexington, Morrow County, Oregon. Collected by Leiberg.
Ra}jge: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, iSwi-wtor/" in 1886; Washtucna, CoWon 990.
6. Hordeum boreale Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 24. 1897.
Type ukality: "Aleutian Islands and Alaska to Oregon and California."
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1747; Steptoe, Vasey, July 2, 1901; Kittitas
County, Vasey 49; west Klickitat County, S«i(:sdor/"1168.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Hordeum geniculatum All. Fl. Ped. 2: 259. 1785.
Hordeum, maritimum With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 172. 1796.
Type locality: Piedmont, Italy.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smilh 814; Dry Creek, Whitman County, Vam/ 52;
Waitsburg, Homer 247; Walla Walla, I^kenby, May 19, 1898, Griffith db Cotton 656.
ELTMUS. Ryeorass.
Annual
;
glumes rigid, spreading \. E. caput-medusae
Perennials.
Tufted grasses without rootstocks.
Culms stout, 1 to 2 meters high.
Spikelets Ito 1.5cm. long, usually glabrous or scabrous. 9. E. condensatus.
Spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, pubescent 10. E. arenarius.
Culms slender, seldom 1 meter high.
Lemma pubescent; spike nodding 2. 7?. canadensis.
Lemma not pubescent; spike erect.
Glumes subulate.
Awns of lemma 30 to 40 mm. long 3. £J. leckenbyi.
Awns of lemma 3 to 5 mm. long 4. E. aristatus.
Glumes lanceolate.
Awns of lemma well developed.
Spikes dense; lemma not ciliate 5. E. glaucus.
Spikes usually interrupted; lemma ciliate. 6. E. borealis.
Awns of lemma short or obsolete.
Glumes rigid, longer than the spikelet.. 7. E. virginicus.
Glumes not rigid, shorter than the spike-
let 8..E. virescens.
Not tufted but spreading by long rootstocks.
Lemmas long-villous W.E. fiavescens.
Lemmas not long-villous.
Spike dense; lemma scabrous-puberulent; glumes
sparsely hirsute 12. E. Vancouverensis.
Spike not dense; glumes not hirsute.
Lemma glabrous, usually glaucous 13. £. trilicoides.
Lemma puberulent .'. 14. E. arenicola.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 151
1. Elymus caput-medusae L Sp. PI. 1: 84. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lusitaniac, Hispaniae maritimis."
Specimens examined: Steptoe, Fasey 3076.
2. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 83. 1753.
Sitanion brodiei Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.
Type locality: " Habitat in Canada.
"
Range: Canada to Washington, south to Georgia and Texas.
Specimens examined: Alma, Elmer 518; Naches Valley, Piper 2584; ColumJ>ia River,
46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Box Canyon, Kreager 381; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861';
Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Waitsburg, Piper 2561; Horner, July, 1896; Kiona, Cotton
728; Mabton, Cotton 745; Parker, Dunn; Bishops Bar, Brodie, July, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Elymus leckenbyi Piper.
Sitanion leckenbyi Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.
Type locality: "Sandy bars of Snake River at Wawawai, Wash." Collected by Piper
and Leckenby.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Piper 3003, 3963, 3959, 3969, 3972; Leckenby 86.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Elymus aristatus Merrill, Rhodora 4: 147. 1902.
Type locality: "Silver Creek, Harney Co., Oregon."
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf b\94, July 16, 1905.
6. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862.
Elymus americanus Vasey & Scribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can. Plants 2: 245. 1888.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Missouri, and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 839, 833; Fairhaven, Piper 2608;
Mason County, Piper, July, 1890; Tacoma, Leckenby, August, 1898; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 2151; Ellensburg, Whited 687; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Wenache, Whited
1301; Wliitman County, Piper, July, 1894; Wind River, Flett 1393; Wawawai, Piper,
June, 1896, 2566, 2999, 3058; Blue Mountains, Lake <& Hull 78, 82.
Zonal distribution : Mainly Transition.
6. Elymus borealis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900.
Elymus ciliatus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57. 1898, not Muhl.
Gram. 179. 1817.
Type locality: "Common in wet places, Sitka, Alaska."
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Flett 833; Elmer 1907.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Elymus virginicus submuticus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 255. 1840.
Elymus curvatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903.
Type locality: "Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchewan."
Range: Washington to Ontario and south to Kansas.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 375.
8. Elymus virescens Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.
Type locality: "In damp coniferous woods, 3,000 ft. altitude, Olympic Mts., near the
head of the Duckaboose River. " Collected by Piper. Not otherwise known.
152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Eljmaus condensatus Presl, Rel. Haenk! 1: 265. 1830.
Type locality: " Ad Monte-Rey Californiae.
"
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, .southward to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 520; Elleiisburg, Piper 2588; Vasey 71; North
Yakima, lFa« 2270; Yakima, Piper 2592; Pasco, //enrffrson 2167; Klickitat County, SuA-s-
dorf 1172; Clarks Springs, Kreager 59; Pullman, Piper 1751; Steptoc, Vasey 64; Wawa-
wai, Piper 2593.
Zonal dkstribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
9a. Elymus condensatus pubens Piper, Erythea 1: 101. 1899.
Type locality: "In strong alkali soil near Yakima City, Wash." Collected by Piper.
Known only from the original locality.
10. Elymus arenarius L. Sp. PI. 1: 83. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat ad Europae litora marina in arena mobili."
Range: On sea and lake shores, Greenland to Labrador, Alaska to Washington and the
Great Lakes. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Pi/xr 2606; Whatcom, iS7/A-srfor/" 1028; Clallam County,
Elmer 1906; Seattle, Piper 813; Westport, Henderson 2169.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
11. El3rmus flavescens Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8: 8. 1897.
Type locality: Columbus, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Leckenby, May, 1898; Columbus Sukudorj
916; Eureka, Nelson, July 4, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
12. Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 48. 1888.
Type locality: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun.
Range: Seacoast of Washington and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner, September 1, 1899; Seattle, Piper 812, 2858;
Howell 207.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Eljrmus triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862.
Type locality: " Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Kittitas County, Sandberg <& Leiherg 437; Ellensburg, Piper
2586; Whited 519; North Yakima, Henderson 2172; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2124;
Wawawai, Piper 1911, 3066; Elmer 1021; Walla Walla, Leckenby 90; North Yakima,
Griffiths & Cotton 334; Colville Reservation, Griffiths cfc Cotton 364; Seattle, Howell 206?
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
14. Elymus arenicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 7. 1899.
Type locality: "Suferts, Oregon." Collected by A. B. Leckenby.
Range: Washington and Oregon. ,
Specimens examined: Rockland, Klickitat County, SuksdorJ 1176; Walla Walla, Leck-
enby, May, 1898; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 466, 468; Brandegee 1202.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has been referred erroneously to E. dasystachys littoralis Griseb.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 153
SITANION.
Glumes cleft or parted into 3 to many lobes; awns of lemmas 8 to
10 cm . long 1 . S. jubatum.
Glumes entire or only 2-cleft or 2-parted.
Nerves of the glumes two.
Glumes entire; lemma glaucous, 1 cm. long 2. S. hrevifolium.
Glumes or some of them bifid or 2-parted.
Sheaths and upper surface of leaves glabrous.
Leaves strongly involute 6. S. hasalticola.
Leaves fiat or tardily involute.
Blades 5 to 7 mm. broad 5. S. laiifolium.
Blades 2 to 5 mm. broad.
Low plants; awns of lemmas 3 to 4 cm. long. 3. S. rigidum.
Taller; awns of lemmas 4 to 5 cm. long. . . 4. S. glabrum.
Sheaths and upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Awns 2 to 3 times as long as lemma 7. S. ciliatum.
Awns 4 to 5 times as long as lemma.
Innovations many; culm leaves 7 to 12 cm. long. 8. S.hystrix.
Innovations few; culm leaves 2 to 6 cm. long. . 9. <S?. velutinum.
Nerves of the glumes 3 to 5.
Leaves glaucous, 5 to 8 mm. broad 10. S. planifolium.
Leaves green, 2 to 5 mm. broad 11. S. rubescens.
1. Sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 10. 1899.
Sitanion villosum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 11. 1899.
Sitanion stridum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 59. 1903.
Type locality: "Waitsburg, Wash." Collected by Homer.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 249, 573; Wawawai, Piper 2998; Pullman,
Piper 3021; Walla Walla, Shear 1602; Griffiths c& Cotton 554; Waitsburg, Horner 574;
Spokane, Piper 2598; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899; Wawawai, Piper 3528, 39.58, 3970,
3529; Clarks Springs, Kreager 99; Almota, Elmer 266.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrast. Bull. 18: 17. 1899.
Type locality; Tucson, Arizona.
Range: Washington to Colorado and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5193, July 16, 1905.
3. Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 13. 1899.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains, Washington." Collected by Allen.
Range: Washington to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 119, 832; Goat Mountains, Allen 178;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1145; Mount Chapaca, Elmer, August, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner
579; without locality, Vaseij 454.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
4. Sitanion glabrum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 14. 1899.
Type locality: "Near Crystal Spring, Caso Mountains, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1904; Mount Rainier, Piper 1952;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; head of Twenty-five-mile Creek, Gorman 824.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Sitanion latifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899.
Type locality: "Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash." Collected by Piper.
Range: Known only from the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Walla Walla County, Piper, July, 1896.
6. Sitanion basalticola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 234. 19()3.
Type loc^ality: "In basaltic soil, Coulee City, Washington." Collected by Piper.
Range: Douglas County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Pijxr 3924.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Sitanion ciliatum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 58. 1903.
Type locality: "On dry rocky hills west of Wenatchee," Wa-shington. Collected by
Wliited.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1360; Waterville, S. E. Jordan;
Coulee City, Piper 3923; Lincoln County, Sandberg <& Leiberg 221 ; Bickleton, SuJcsdorf 127.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 15. 1899.
Aegilops hystrix Nutt. Gen. 1 : 86. 1818.
Sitanion albescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 57. 1903.
Type locality: "Arid plains of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2579; Whited 670; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
380; Pasco, Piper 2962; Coulee City, Piper 3921, 3922; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1807;
Wenas, Griffiths <fc Cotton 76; Walla Walla, Leckenby, July, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
9. Sitanion velutinum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903.
Type locality: "Steptoe, Whitman County, Washington." Collected by Va.scy.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Steptoe, Vasey.
10. Sitanion planifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 13: 19. i:V.?..
Type locality: "High mountains, Skamania County, Wash." Collected i)y Suli.scc !.
Range: Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1903; Skamania County, Suksaorj
224.
Zonal distribution: Arctic?
11. Sitanion rubescens Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 234. 1903.
Type locality: "Dry rocky places, 2,300 m. altitude, Mount Rainier, Washington."
Collected by Piper.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 1954.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Munroa squarrosa Torr. and Bouteloua oligostaciiya Torr. are included in Suks-
dorf's list. There is no direct evidence that either of these occurs in the State.
CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family.
Flowers monoecious; akene inclosed in a sac-like structure
(perigynium) Carex (p. 161)
.
Flowers perfect; spikelets all alike.
Spikelets flattened, the scales 2-ranked.
Perianth-bristles none; inflorescence terminal Cyperus (p. 155).
Perianth-bristles 6 to 9; inflorescence axillary Dulichium (p. 156)
.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 155
Spikclcts cylindric, the scales spirally arranged.
Style not enlarged at base.
Annuals
;
perianth bristles none Hemicarpiia (p. 159)
.
Perennials; perianth bristles present.
Bristles short ; barbed Scirpus (p. 156)
.
Bristles long and silky, smooth Eriopiiouum (p. 158)
Style enlarged at base.
Spikelets solitary on a scape Eleocharis (p. 159)
.
Spikelets not solitary ; stems leafy Rhynchospora (p. 161)
.
CYPERUS.
Rachis not winged; annuals.
Scales tipped with recurved awns 1.0. injlexus.
Scales acuminate, not awned 2. C. acuminatus.
Rachis winged.
Wing of the rachis separating from it as scales; annual 3. C. erythrorkizos.
Wing of the rachis persistent.
Perennial with corm-like tubers 4. <7. strigosua.
Perennial by rootstocks bearing nut-like tubers 5. C. esculentus.
1. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Gram. 16. 1817.
Cyperus aristatus Rottb. err. det. Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 500. 1868
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British Columbia to Vermont, south to Mexico and Florida.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, 5Mtsdor/"81; Kalama, Piper, October 31,
1901; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 38; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Elmer
in 1897; Yakima, Henderson, October, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota,
Piper, September, 1896, August, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894; without locality^
Elmer 1069; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894; without locality. Lake cfc HvU 369; Mission,
Kreager 493; Toppenish, Cotton 803; Prosser, Cotton 644.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 435. 1836.
Type locality: "Near St. Louis, Missouri."
Range: Washington to Illinois, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. 1817.
Cyperus occidentalis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 259. 1836.
Cyperus cupreus Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1 : 172. 1828.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: Washington to Massachusetts, south to Florida and California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf 221, 222, 587; Parker, Dunn,
August 8, 1901; Almota, Piper, 1937; Vancouver, Sheldon, 11274.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. PI. 1: 47. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in paludibus Jamaicae, Virginiae."
Range: Washington to Maine, south to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorfl2&l, 84, September 15, 1886.
This was listed by Suksdorf as " C. incompletus Link? "
5. Cjrperus esculentus L. Sp. PI. 1: 45. 1735. ' Nut grass.
Cyperus phymaiodes Muhl. Gram. 23. 1817.
Type locality: "Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente."
156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Californ'.a and Florida.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, -SuJts^Zor/" 223; Almota. Pjpcr 2651.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
DTJLICHITJM.
1. Dulichimn arundinaceum (L.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 29. 1894.
Cyperus arundinaceits L. Sp. PI. 1: 44. 1753.
Schoeniis spathaceus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762.
Cyperus spaihaceus L. Syst. od. 12. 2: 735. 1767.
Dulichium spatJuiceum Pers. Syn. 1 : 65. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in Vii^inia."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon, Texas, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 692; Lakeview, Flett, September 20, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
SCIRPXJS.
Spikclets solitary, terminal.
Involucral bract present, not longer than the .spikelet.
Perianth bristles none 1. S. nparius.
Perianth bristles 6, smooth 2. S. cespitosus.
Involucral bract 2 to 3 times as long as the spikelet 3. S. suhtermindLis.
Involucral bract wanting 4.5. pauciforus.
Spikclets several to many, rarely solitary.
Stems terete.
Inflorescence apparently lateral, sessile 5. 5. nevadensis.
Inflorescence umbellate.
Akenes 2 mm. long, the .scales little longer d. S. validus.
Akenes 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the scales one-fourth longer. 7. S. ocddenkdis.
Stems three-angled.
Involucral leaf solitary S. S. americanus.
Involucral leaves several.
Spikelets 1 to 2 cm. long.
Akenes oblong-obovate, pale 9. S. briitonianiis.
Akenes orbicular-obovate, dark 10. 5. rohustus.
Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long.
Akenes 3-angled; bristles 6 \l. S. atrovirens.
Akenes plano-convex; bristles 4 12. -S. microcarpus.
1. Scirpus riparius (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 1: 208. 1825.
Isolepis riparia R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Hoi. 222. 1810.
Type locality:' Port Jackson, Australia.
Range: Washington to California. South America. Australia. Africa.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 318; Seattle, Piper 2860.
Zonal distribution: Humid Tran.sition.
2. Scirpus cespitosus L. Sp. PI. 1: 48. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2248; Skamania County, Sulcsdorf
2241 ; Cascade Mountains, 49°, LyaU in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiherg775; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 644; Granville, Conard 376.
2k)NAL distribution: Arctic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 157
3. Scirpus subterminaUs Torr. Fl. U. S. 1 : 47. 1824.
Type locality: Near Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, /7owe/Z, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, iS'wA:.«^/o//88.
4. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 1078. 1777.
Eleocharis paucifora Link, Ilort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827.
Type locality: Highlands of Scotland, "as upon Malgbyrdy in Breadalbane."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, (SwArscZor/' 90; A\k&\ih&ke, Sandberg & Leiberg ilQ.
5. Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 360. 1871.
Type locality: "Shore of Soda Lake in Carson Desert, Nevada."
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Crab and Wilson creeks, Lake & Hull 364; Sandberg & Leiberg
266; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 416.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 268. 1806.
Type locality: "Habitat in Carabeis."
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and the West
Indies.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner, 512; Wenache, WMted 584.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase, Rhodora 6:68. 1904. Tule.
Scirpus lacusiris occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 218. 1876.
Type locality: San Diego County, California.
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to New England.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 1012; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 85; North Yakima,
Henderson, May, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 2; Cascade Mountains to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Alma, Elmer 539; Douglas County, Lake & Hull 394; Davis Lake, Kreager
435; Toppenish, Cotton 773; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1400.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
8. Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. 1: 68. 1805 (March).
Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. 2: 255. 1805 (October).
Type locality: "Hab. in Carolina inferiore."
Range: Throughout North America. Chile.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 305; Tacoma, Flett, September, 1896;
Westport, Henderson in 1892; Alma, Elmer 533; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Lei-
berg 332, 324; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Medical Lake, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg 55; Waitsburg, Horner 207; Tacoma, Flett 2235; Stuart Island, Laurence 35.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Scirpus brittonianus nom. nov.
Scirpus campestris Britton, 111. Fl. 1: 267. 1896, not Roth. 1800.
Scirpus robustus campestris Fcrnald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900.
Type locality: "Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and Mexico, west to
Nevada."
Range: Washington to Manitoba, south to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wihon Creek, Sandberg ck Leiberg 333; Satus, Elmer lOiil ; Black
Rock Spring, Suksdorf 465.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
10. Scirpus robustus Pursh, Fl. 1: 56. 1814.
Type locality: "In salt marshes and on the banks of rivers, common" in the Atlantic
States.
158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Nova Scotia to Texas along the coast. Washington.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1008; Clallam County, Elmer 2725; Admiralty
Head, 0. Piper, May 27, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
11. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Enimi. llort. Bcrol. 79. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: Washington to Labrador south to Georgia.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 19.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
12. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828.
Scirpus lenticularisTorr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 328. 1836.
Scirpus sylvaticus digynus Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and New York.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Carrfncr 307; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Tacoma,
Flett 206; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1267; Ellensbui^, Whited, July, 1898; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 387; Railroad Creek, Elmer, Septcmlier, 1897; Pcnd Oreille River,
Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Clallam County, Elmer
2723; Mount Carlton, Kreager 298; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1366; Stehekin, Griffiths
<fc Co«on 227; Squaw Creek, Cotton 879.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
13. Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. 1: 4. 1815.
Eleocharis pygmaea Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 313. 1836.
What is probably this species occurs on flat shores at the mouths of streams near Seattle
and elsewhere, but it is apparently always sterile. The presence of the characteristic
nodules on the roots seems to justify this determination.
ERIOPHORUM. Cotton grass. •
Spike solitary ; bristles coppery 1 . E. chamissonia.
Spikes several ; bristles white.
Akene obovoid, obtuse; leaves flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide 2. E. polystachyon.
Akene oblong, acute ; leaves 3-sided, 2 to 4 ram. wide 3. £". gracile.
1. Eriophoruni chamissonis C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 70. 1829.
Eriophorum russeolum Fries, Novit. Mont. 3: 170. 1842.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: British Columbia to W^ashington, Newfoundland to Quebec. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 311; Seattle, Piper 684; Tacoma,
Flett 207; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Ilwaco, Henderson, August, 1886; Weiser
Lake, Suksdorf, July 21, 1890; Tacoma, Flett 2227; Ilwaco, Piper 4953.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The " E. vaginatum L." of Suksdorf's list is based on an erroneous determination of the
above species.
2. Eriophorum polystachion L. Sp. PI. 1: 52. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to Oregon and Georgia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 1016, 2174; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 89;
Cascades 490, Lyall in 1860; Tweedy 41; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 789.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Eriophorum gracile Roth, Cat. Bot. 2: 259. 1800.
Type locality: Europe.
i
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 159
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 776; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1138; Seattle, Smith 1016; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Priest Rapids,
Cotton 1380.
Zonal distkibution: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.
HEMICARPHA.
Scales erect or spreading only at the tips, little exceeding the akenes 1. //. micrantha.
Scales spreading, 2 to 3 times as long as the akenes.
Akenes black; scales broad, abruptly acuminate 2. H. aristulata.
Akenes brown; scales narrow, gradually attenuate 3. H. occidentalis.
1. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 104. 1888.
Hemicarpha suhsquarrosa Nees; Mart. Fl. Brasil 2': 61. 1842.
Scirpus micrantha Vahl, Enum. 2: 254. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in America meridionali?"
Range: Washington to New England and south into South America.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Swisdor/" 811, 88.
2. Hemicarpha aristulata (Coville) A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 400. 1902.
Hemicarpha micrantha aristulata Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 36. 1894.
Hemicarpha intermedia Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 36. 1901.
Type locality: Texas.
Range: Washington to Texas.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 2375.
3. Hemicarpha occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 391. 1868.
Type locality; Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 87.
ELEOCHABIS. Spike rush.
Styles 2-cleft ; akenes biconvex.
Tubercles constricted basally.
Annual, roots fibrous; akenes black 1. E. capitata.
Perennial with rootstocks; akenes brown 2. E. palustris.
Tubercles not constricted basally; annuals.
Heads ovoid ; bristles longer than the akenes 3. jE. obtusa.
Heads oblong ; bristles not longer than the akenes i. E. monticola.
Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled.
Tubercles broad and short ; akenes ribbed 5. E. acicularis.
Tubercles subulate; akenes smooth 6. E. rostellata.
1. Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 225. 1810.
Scirpus capitatus L. Sp. PI. 1 : 48. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: Washington to Maryland and Florida.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lake cfc HuU, August, 1892.
2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 151. 1817.
Scirpus palustris L. Sp. PI. 1 : 47. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Subarctic and Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: West Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Smith 1006; Seattle, Smith,
160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Jul}', 1889; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 90; Kittitas County, Sandberg <fc Leiherg 705;
EUensburg, Whited, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 82; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892;
Lamb 1103; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg d; Leiberg32S; Pcnd Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Pullman, Elmer 295; Clallam County, Elmer 2724; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, 333, 444;
Newport, Kreager, 453, Mount Carlton, Kreager, 289; Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfe Cotton,
452; Cow Creek, Griffiths <& Cotton, 502, 523; Cow Creek to Ephrata, Griffiths <& Cotton,
466; Prosser, Cotton 660; Toppenish, Cotton 788.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
A variable sf)ecies which has l)een much subdivided by European authors. Our form was
referred to E. multicaulis Smith in Hooker's Flora.
3. Eleocharis obtusa Schultes, Mant. 2: 89. 1824.
Scirpus obtusus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol 76. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Kansas and the Gulf of Mexico.
Specimens examined: Near Montcsano, Heller 4073; Henderson, June, 1892: Seattle,
Piper 661; Vancouver Lake, 5utsf/or/" 2328; Manor, Piper 3076; Almota, Piper, July, 1897;
Eastern Washington, Lake <& Hull 361 ; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 6280; Waitsburg,
Horner 14.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3a. Eleocharis obtusa gigantea Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 493, 1899.
Type locality: Cascade Mount>uns, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859.
4. Eleocharis monticola Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 496. 1899.
Type locality: Plumas County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Bingen, Suksdorf 2583.
4a. Eleocharis monticola leviseta Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 45)6. 1899.
Type locality: Cceur d'Alone River, Kootenai County, Idaho.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Lake Kalispel, Kreager 332a, 332b.
6. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 154. 1817.
Sdrpus acicularis L. Sp. PI. 1 : 48. 1753. •
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Temperate North America. P^uropo. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 662; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 225; Wil-
son Creek, Lake cfc Hull 388; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861, Pullman, Piper 1938,
August, 1893; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 331.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5a. Eleocharis acicularis bella Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 35. 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Washington.
Specmens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 226; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy 42; Spokane, Piper 2642; Pullman, Piper 3055; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
6. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843.
Sdrpus rostellatus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 318. 1836.
Type locality: Penn Yan, New York.
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, SuArsdor/ 2237; F&lcou \alley, Suksdorf 2820,
2537.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 161
RHYNCHOSPORA.
1, Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 236. 1806.
Schoenus albus L. Sp. PI. 1: 44. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Florida.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1014; Seattle, Piper 1121; Gran-
ville, Conard 374.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CAREX. Sedge.
1. Carex ablata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888.
C^arex/njrrda of Ame'ican authors.
Type locality: None cited.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pifer 2244; Flett 823; Clallam County,
Elmer 2703; Mount Rainier, Allen 270; Piper 2546; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1136, 1127;
Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf 25, 26; Henderson, August 8, 1892; Stevens Fass, Sandberg & Lei-
herg 707; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Carex accedens Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 457. 1903.
Carex spreta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889, not C. spreta Steud.
Carex stylosa virens Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 79. 1886, not Carex virens Lam. 1789.
Type locality: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2550 ; Mount Adams, //oweZZ, August, 1882;
without locaHty, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Arctic.
3. Carex acutina tenuior Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 1489 (fide Bailey).
4. Carex amplifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 228. t. 226. 1839.
Type locality: "Marshy places, Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Seattle, Piper 995; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 174; Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf 50; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 422;
Tampico, Henderson, July, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 26; Klickitat River, Cotton 1443.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Carex aperta Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. t. 219. 1839.
Carex turgidula Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 271. 1898.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas and Scouler.
Range; Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Scouler; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 22,
64, 65, 66; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; McAllister L&ke, Henderson 1788; Palouse,
Henderson 2088; Meyers Falls, Kreager 588; Kalispel Valley, Spillman, July 1, 1901.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species has been considered the same as C.prolixa Fries of Europe, C. acuta prolixa
Hornem
.
29418—06 M U
162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Carex aquatilis Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24: 165. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. intra ripas fluviorum per Lapponiam."
Range: Washington to New England, south to Colorado.
Specimens examined: lone, Kreager 426.
7. Carex arcta Boott, 111. 155. t. JfiJ. 1867.
Carex canescens oregana Bailej', Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 75. 1889.
Type locality: "In America boreali, Canada, Lake Superior, Rainy Lake, Lake of
the Woods."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to Oregon and Vermont.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 997; Ilenderson 2074; Mount Rainier, Allen 271;
Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf 2063, 11; Tacoma, Flett 13; Chaml)ers Lake, Henderson, August
23, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2060; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ^QQ\ Usk, Kreager, August
11, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealuni, Cotton 845; Topponish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8. Carex aristata R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 751. 1823.
Type locality: British America.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon, Utah, and New York.
Specimens examined: Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 310; Spangle, Suksdorf 2600;
Phileo Lake, Suksdorf 2599.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Carex athroatachya Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868.
Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 9; Ellensburg, Piper, July, 1897;
Whited 557; North Yakima, Henderson 2066; Easton, Henderson in 1892; Lake Chelan,
Lake <fe Hull 416; Spokane, Henderson in 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper 2278; Palouse
City, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, Henderson in 1892; Pullman, Elmer 873; Piper,
August, 1893; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1215.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Carex atrata L. Sp. PI. 2: 976. 1753.
Type locality: "In Alpihus P^uropae."
Range: Arctic regions south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Flett
1402.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
10a. Carex atrata nigra (All.) Gaudin, Agrost. Helvct. 115. 1811.
Carex nigra All. Fl. Pedcm. 2: 267. 1775.
Type locality: "In summis alpibus Pedemontii et Sabaudiae."
Range: Washington to Colorado. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1124, 1125.
11. Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818.
Type locality: Shores of Lake Michigan.
Range: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and the Great Lai es.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2712; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890;
Coupeville, Gardner 303; Klickitat River, Flett 1363; Falcon Valley, Suksdo'f35; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 709; Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 277; Lake Omack, Griffiths tfc
Cotton 400; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1141; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, Hull,
July, 1892; Pullman, Piper, May, 1892; Meyers Falls, Kreager 591; Klickitat River,
Cotton 1452.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
PIPER^—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 163
11a. Carex aurea celsa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 75. 1889.
Type locality: "San Bernardino Mts., California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 6440.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
12. Carex bebbii (Bailey) Olney; Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 478. 1902.
Carex tribuloides iebbii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 55. 1889.
Type locality: None given.
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Newfoundland and New York.
Specimens examined: Clarks Springs, Kreager 84; Silver h&ke, Henderson 2072; Loon
Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2186.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13. Carex bolanderi Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868.
Carex deweyana bolanderi W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 236. 1876.
Type locality: "California, Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Big-tree grove."
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2716, 2715; Seattle, Piper 1001; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1142; along Salmon River, Horner 485; Stehekin, Griffiths d; Cotton 198, 246;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Lake & HuU 372; without locality, Brandegee 1138.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The specimen referred to C. bromoides Schk. in Cooper's report is undoubtedly C. bolanderi.
14. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Suppl. 3: 286. 1813.
Carex curia brunnescens Pers. Syn. 2: 539. 1807.
Carex canescens alpicola Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 232. 1812.
Carex canescens vulgaris Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 86. 1888.
Type locality: "Hab. in Monte Touly."
Range: Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Washington, Michigan, and in the
mountains to North Carolina. Europe.
Specimens examined: Goose Lake, Skamania County, Flett 1379; Mount Rainier, Piper
2549; Mount Adams, Swits</or/ 4277.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
15. Cayex canescens L. Sp. PI. 2: 974. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Utah, and Vermont.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1106; Nisqually Valley, Allen 163; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2068.
15a. Carex canescens subloliacea Laestad. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. 11: 282. 1839.
Type locality: Lapland.
Range: Subarctic America, south to Washington, Michigan, and New York.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1106.
16. Carex chalciolepis Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 28. 1903.
Type locality: Pagosa Peak, Colorado.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SuXrscZor/" 4364, 2896; Henderson 2100.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
17. Carex circinata C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. J'etersb. 1: 209. t. 6. 1831.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2721.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Carex comosa Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 117. 1846.
Carex pseudo-cyperus americanus Hochst.; Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 54. 1889.
Type locality: "In Georgia ct Carolina."
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to California and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, S^lksdorf 1018; Seattle, Piper 992; Waitsburg,
Horner, July, 1898; near Touchet River, Homer 586.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
19. Carex ciyptocarpa C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 226. t. 14- 1831.
Carex scouleri Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 399. 1836.
Type locality: "Habitat in Unalaschka et Kamtschatca."
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 990; Smith 1005; Tacoma, Flett 134; Ilwaco, Hen-
derson, September, 1892; without locality. Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 6446; Clallam
County, Elmer 2719.
Zonal distribution: Humid transition.
The Tolmie specimen from Hood Canal referred by Boott a to C. salina Wahl. is witu
little doubt the above species.
20. Carex deflexa Hornera. Plantei. ed. 3. 1: 938. 1821.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Oregon, Michigan, and New England.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2552; Wenacho region, Brandegee 1145.
21. Carex deweyana Schwein. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 65. 1824.
Ti'PE locality: "New Eng."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico, Michigan, and Pemi-
sylvania.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 31; Peshastin, Sandberg cfe
Leiberg 508.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
22. Carex dives Holm, Am. Journ. St-i. IV. 18: 19. 1904.
Type ix)cality: Chilliwack Valley, British Columbia.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens exa.mined: Ni.s(|ually, Wilkes Expedition 308; Trout Lake, Svksdorf 43, 44;
Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 41
.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
These specimens have been supposed to represent C. barbarae Dewey, and may prove to
belong there. Suksdorf 's No. 41 was lalx'lled C. aquatilis Wahl., and is perhaps the basis for
the inclusion of that name in iiis list of Washington plants.
23. Carex douglasii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 213. t. 2U. 1839.
Type locality: "N. W. coast." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wcnachc, Griffiths & Cotton 135; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
572; North Yakima, Griffiths c& Cotton 65; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 257 ; Cow Creek, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 505; Ellensburg, Piper 2744; Rock Lake, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, May, 1893;
Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 79; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 188; Spokane County,
Suksdorf dfd; Pullman, Piper, June, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
24a. Carex festiva homeri nom. nov.
Carexfestiva stricta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889, not C. striata Lam. 1789.
Type xx>cality: California.
a Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 219. 1839.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 165
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2702; Mount Rainier, Pi-per 2532;
Simcoe Mountains, SuJcsdor/GO; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 14; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg cfc Leiherg 773;Conconully, Griffiths tS; Cotton 298: Blue Mountains, Horner, June 17,
1896, 479; Piper 2272.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
24b. Caxex festiva pachystachya (Cham.) Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889.
Carex pachystachya Cham.; Steud. PI. Glum. 2: 197. 1855.
Type locality: "In Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2709; Montcsano, Heller 3954; Seattle,
Piper, June 9, 1884; Henderson 2107; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Nisqually
Valley, ^ZZen, 164 ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 756; Skamania County, Flett 1373;
Rattlesnake Mountains, CoWon 700; Lake Omach, Griffiths & Cotton 402; Wenache, Whited,
June 28, 1896, 1081; Wenas, Henderson, June 18, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 815; Stehekin,
Griffiths (& Cotton 245; Salmon River, Horner 483 ; Waitsburg, Horner 199; Pullman, Piper
1934; Blue Mountains, Lake tfe Hull 371.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
25. Carex festucacea brevier (Dew.) Femald, Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 477. 1902.
Carex straminea brevior Dew. Am. Joum. Sci. 11: 158. 1826.
Type locality: "Grows with the other [i. e. C. straminea] also in Missouri."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to New England and Arkansas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 13, 74, 613; Spokane, Henderson,
July 10, 1892; Toppenish, Henderson 2070; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
26. Carex feta Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893.
Carex stramineamixtaB&i\ey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 151. 1886, not C. mixta Mi^gev. 1865.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 6477; Falcx)n Valley, SitJcsdorf 3103; 'Husum,
Suksdorf 3102.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The Columbia River specimens referred to C. lagopodioides Schk. in Hooker's Flora a
probably belong to C.feta. Suksdorf's record of C. adusta Boott is, to judge from a speci-
men so labeled, likewise C.feta.
27. Carex filifoHa Nutt. Gen'. 2: 204. 1818.
Type locality: "Dry plains and gravelly hills of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Coldrado.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 329; Chelan, Griffiths tfe Cotton
249; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Rock Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, May, 1893; Rock Creek,
Piper 2790; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 81; Pullman, Piper 1764; Elmer 837.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
28. Carex filifonms L. Sp. PI. 2: 916. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range : British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1108; Stehekin, Griffiths cfc Cotton 207; Ellensburg,
Piper 274S.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
o Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 214, 1839.
166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
29. Carex flava recterostrata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13 : 84. 1888.
TiPE locality: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens exa.mined: Clallam County, Elmer 2704; Mount Constitution, Hendfrson
2090: Lake Padden, Suksdorf \0\7; Loomis, Elmer 560; Bridge Creek, Elmer 560; Qui-
nault, Conard 248; Padden Lake, Suksdorf 1017.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
30. Carex furva (Bailey).
Carex pratensisfurva Bailey; Macoun Cat. Can. PI. 2 :377. 1890.
Carex pratericola furva. Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 3. 1900.
Type locality: "In damp meadows at Cedar Hill, Goldstr«am, and throughout north-
em Vancouver Island.
"
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens e.xamined: Coupeville, Gardner 296.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
31. Carex fusca All. Fl. Ped. 2 : 269. 1785.
Carex buxbaumii Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24 : 163. 1803.
Type l(K'ality: "Frequens in alpibus, (juae monto Vesulo ot Cenisio intercipiuntur.
"
Range: Ala.ska to Laborador, south to California and Georgia.
Specimens e.xamined: Cascade Mountains, rueerfi/ 4; Lake Keechelus, /fcruferwn 2079.
32. Carex gayana Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6 : 205. 1853.
Type locality: Chile.
Range: Wasliington to Colorado and California and southward.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuiW^// 2; also May 19 and July, 1884.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
33. Carex geyeri Boott, Traas. Linn. Soc. 20: 118. 1846.
Type locality: "In declivitatibus aridis Montium Sa.xosorum, Americae Septentrio-
nalis. " Collected by Geyer (x\o. 332).
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 169; near Ellensburg, Pi})er, May, 1897;
Upper Atanum River, Henderson 2076; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 828; Kamiak
Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; without locality, Geyer 332.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
34. Carex gymnoclada Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 424. 1902.
Type locality: "Eastern Oregon, bogs of Hurricane Creek, 6,000 ft. alt." Collected
by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2097; Big Klickitat Wwcr, Henderson,
August 4, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2708.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
35. Carex hendersoni Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 115. 1886.
Type locality: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Henderson.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 999; Chenowith, /SwArstZor/" 2982; Lower Cascades,
Suksdorf 1904.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
36. Carex hoodii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. \m. 2: 211. t. 211. 1839.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
Range: Oregon to Montaua and British Columbia.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 167
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 71; Easton, Henderson 2103;
Spokane, Henderson 2109; Bingcn, Suksdorf 4434; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clark
Springs, Beattie cfe Chapman 2044 ; Coupeville, Gardner 309, 310.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
36a. Carex hoodli neurocarpa nom. nov.
Carex hoodii nervosa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889, not C. nervosa Desf. ISOO.
Type locality: "California."
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: None; reported by Bailey from Seattle, Howell.
37. Carex hookerana Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. 1836.
Carex muricata gracilis Boott, 111. 193. 1858.
Type locality : " Found at Carlton House by Dr. Richardson."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Bingen, S'w^sdor/' 2821.
38. Carex hystricina Willd.; Schkuhr, Riedgr. 2: 69. 1801.
Type locality: " Habitat in humidis Pen.sylvaniae.
"
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, sou.li to Oregon, Nebraska, and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Head of Priest Rapids at "The Junipers," Cotton 1379, July 16,
1903.
39. Carex illota Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 15. 1889.
Carex bonplandii minor Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila.1863: 77. 1863.
Type locality: Colorado.
Range: Washington to Colorado and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 824; Elmer 270G; Piper 996; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf3,4; Bridge Creek, Elmer 2700; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4251, 4252; Hell
Roaring River, Cotton 1503.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
40. Carex interrupta Boeckl. Linnaea 40: 432. 1876.
Carex angustata verticillata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 1839.
Carex verticillata Boott, 111. 67. t. 183. 1858, not C. verticillata Zoll. & Moritzski. 1846. .
Type locality: Columbia River.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August 5, 1892; Quinault, Conard 165; Tumwater, Henderson, August 2, 1892; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
41. Carex irrasa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 26: 271. 1898.
Carex douglasii laxiflora Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 2: 20. 1889, not C. laxifiora Lam.
Type locality: "Near Utica, Montana."
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896.
Zonal distribution: And Transition.
42. Carex jonesii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889.
Type locality: "Soda Springs, Nevada Co., Cal., 7,000 feet." Collected by M. E.
Jones.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 27; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 773.
168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
43. Carex keUoggii W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 240. 1880.
Carex acuta pallida Boott, 111. 106. 1867, not C. jxilUda Meyer.
Carex vulgaris lipocarpha Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 17: 308. 1904.
" Carex. rigida stridiformis Bailey, cir. det. Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 38.
Type locality: California, "In the Sierra Nevada at Alta."
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2245, 985; Seattle, Pip«r 989; Clallam
County, Elmer 2707; Mount Rainier, Pt/xr 2548; Allen 267; Lake Keeclielus, Henderson
2080; Nisqually Valley, Allen 167; Wenache River, Whited, August 25, 1901; North
Yakima, Henderson 2083; Clealum Lake, Cotton 863; Klickitat River, Fleit 1415; Cascade
Mount&ins, Tweedy 3; Davis Lake, A'reo^er 439; Spokane, Piper 2851; Pullman, £/m«r 881
;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf \9; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 18.
Zonal distribution: Transition mainly.
This is the commonest representative of C. vulgaris Fries on the Pacific coa.st, and it has
been mistaken for C. vulgaris juncella Fries. Our plant ha? commonly l)een called C. decidua
Boott, a species from Terra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, but that has conspicuously
stipitate perigj'nia. Specimens from the mouth of the Columbia, Oregon, collected by
Hinds and by Henderson have stipitate porig}'nia and rcpre.sent either true C. decidvn or a
very closely allied species.
44. Carex laeviculmis Meinsoh. Bot. Centralb. 55. 1893.
Carestdfuvyana sparsijlora Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 87. 1888, not Carex sparsiflora Fries.
Type locality: " Kamtschatka, Insel Sitcha.
"
Range: Ala.ska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Gardner 414; upper Ni.sc|ually Valley, Piper
2534; Allen 162; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Steveas Pa-ss, Sandberg cfe
Leiberg 708; Piper 2318; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2067; Bridge Creek, ElmerGSS; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 248; Touchet River, Homer 486.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
46. Carex lanuginosa Michx. FI. 2: 175. 18a3.
Carex jiliforinis latifolia Boeckl. Linnaea 41: 309. 1877.
Type locality: "Ad lacus Mistassins," Canada.
• Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California, New Mexico, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 51; Satus, Elmer 1068; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 322, Coulee
City, Henderson, Ju\y, 1892; Conconully, (jri^<^<fcCo<ton 274; Brewster, Griffiths <& Cotton,
261; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfe Cotton 498; Grand Coulee, C'ri^^A* cfe Cotton 444, 468; Wenas,
Griffiths & Cotton 83; Pullman, Piper 3510; Vancouver, Piper 6441.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
46. Carex lenticularis Michx. Fl. 2: 172. 1803.
Type locality: "Per tractus montium, a sinu Hudsonis ad Canadam, praesertim ad
lacum Cycnorum dictum."
Range: Washington to Labrador and Maine.
Specimens examined: Suinas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Larm River, Suksdorf 40.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
47. Carex leporina L. Sp. PI. 2: 973. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis udis."
Range: Washington and British Columbia; Nova Scotia, New England, and New York.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1003; East Sound, Henderson 2074,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 169
48. Carex leptalea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24: 139. 1803.
Carex polytrichoides Willd. in Wahl. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type locality: ''Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Florida.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2714; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1016; Seattle,
Piper in 1888; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2057; Vancouver, Piper 6442.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
49. Carex liddoni Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 214. t. 215. 1839.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Scouler; Chelan Butte, Griffiths cfc Cotton 169;
Loomis, Elmer 577; Spokane County, SuksdorfQl; Spangle, Piper 3544.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
50. Carex limosa L. Sp. PI. 2: 977. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Washington to Labrador, south to New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1109; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 295; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian 1
51. Carex luzulaefolia W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 250. 1876.
Type locality: "In the Sierra Nevada, at high altitudes, from above Yosemite Valley
to Ebbett's Pass and northward," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf2&.
This specimen is perhaps only a broad-leaved form of C. ahlata Bailey.
52. Carex macrocephala Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 3: 808. 1826.
Type locality: "Sibir.?" Collected by Pallas.
Range: Seashores, Cook Inlet, Alaska, to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2710; Siioalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby
Island, Gardner 314; Port Angeles, Piper 2306; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
63. Carex macrochaeta C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 224. t. 13. 1831.
Type locality: "Habitat in Unalaschka." ,
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
This species is reported from Fort Vancouver by Hooker Fl. 2: 219. We have seen no
Washington specimens, but the plant is known to occur near Multnomah Falls on the south
bank of the Columbia River, and in Chilliwacke Valley just north of the forty-ninth parallel.
54. Carex magnifica Dewey, ined.
Carex sitchensis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 220. t. 221. 1839, not Prescott.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano,fle//er3860; Ashford,^//en, August 15, 1898; Seattle,
Piper 1107,990; Cascades of Columbia, Suksdorf 20; Mouth of Columbia, /ScoMZer; Lake
Wenache, Sandberg <& Leiherg 636; Clallam County, Elmer 2716; Vancouver, Piper 6443;
Ilwaco, Piper 6447.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
65. Carex marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Steinweg; Henderson 2065; Toppenish, Herv-
der8on2059; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf Q2; Snipes Mountain, Co«07i 316; Silver Lake, .Hen-
170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
derson 2029: Coulee City, Henderson 2062; Lake Chelan, Lake <Sc Hull 363; Crab Creek,
Sul-sdorf 58; Junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Samlberg 321 ; Wcnas, Grijfifhs cfc Cotton 8i
;
Grand Coulee, (?rij^<AscC' CoWon 447; Looniis, Griffiths cfc Cotton 347; LakeOniack,G'r//^<Ascfc
Cotton 408; Cow Creek, Griffiths d' Cotton 537 \ Conconully, Griffiths <fe Cotton 278; Condons
Fovry, Griffiths d' Cotton 419; Toppenish, Cotton 1163, 1164, 1169; St. Johns, Piper 2744;
Ellensburg, WhUed 310.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
56. Carex raertensii Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 168. 1832.
Type lcxwi.ity: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Klmer 2711; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2246;
Mason County, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 166; Snoquahnie,
Smith 988; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Skagit Pass, Lake d Hull 401; Stevens
Pass, Sandherg d Leiberg, August, 1893; Whited, August 27, 1901 : Mount Adams, Suksdorf
33; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1174; Pe^hastin, Samlberg d Leiberg 513; Stehekin, Griffiths d
Cotton 200; Nason Creek, San</6<T<7 d' Leiberg 674; without locality, Koscy in 1899; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 739.
Zonal distribution: Ilud-sonian.
67. Carex mirata Dew. Wood's Botany 428. 1865.
Carex exsiccata Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889. *
Carex exsiccata globosa Bailey, 1. c.
Carex vesicaria major Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1839, not C. teretiuscula
major Koch, Syn. 751. 1837.;
Type ix>cality: "In Greece, eleven miles west of Rochester and six south of Lake
Ontario," New York.
Range: Washington to California; Ontario; New York.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi})er 993; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 161; Clallam
County, Elmer 2720.
Zonal dkstribution: Humid Transition.
58. Carex monile pacifica Bailey, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 3: 105. 1890.
Carex vesicaria L. err. det. W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 252. 1876.
Type locality: Donner Lake, California.
Range: Wa.shington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1413; Union Flat, Piper 3044; Henderson
2095; Pullman, Piper 2659,3509; Hull 382; Blue Mountains, Lake.d Hull, July 1, 1892;
Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition, mainly.
59. Carex multimoda Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 5. 1896.
Carex festiva gracilis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1873, nom. nud.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Washington to California
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2249; Seattle, Piper 1110, 1111;
Mount Rainier, ^^^en 193a; Piper 2.536,2544, East Sound, //enierson, July 3, 1892; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 403; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 742,741,738; Lake d Hull4U; Lake Chelan,
Lake d Hull 403, 371, 404, Clallam County, Elmer 2700, 2701; Vancouver, Piper 6476;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2273; Homer 481; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1513.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Arctic.
60. Carex nardina Fries, Nov. Mant. 2: 55. 1842.
Type locality: "In Junkcrsdalen Lapponiae Lilensis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland .south to Washington and Montana. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 173, Piper 2542; Mount Stuart, Elmer
rPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 171
1128; Mount Adams, Flett 1403; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Wenache Mountains, IfAiteti
844.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
61. Carex nebrascensis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 18: 102. 18.54.
Oarex nebrascensis praevia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889.
Carex jamesii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 398. 1836, not Schwein. 1824.
Type ix)cality: None given, but presumably collected in Nebraska by Hayden.
Range: Washington to Nebraska and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2\; Wilhur, Henderson, July 12, 1892;
Union Flat, Piper 3040; Henderson 2101; Pullman, Lake <& Hull 397; Cow Creek, Griffiths
<& Cotton, 521.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
61a. Carex nebrascensis ultriformis Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 8. 1896.
Type locality: Ritzvillc, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Howell 104; Ritzville Sandberg <& Leiberg 194;
Union Flat, Piper 3041.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
62. Carex nervina Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 203. pi. 3. 1885.
Type locality: Summit Camp, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4. 1892.
63. Carex nigricans C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 2il. 1831.
Type locality: "Habitat in Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah. Kamtschatca.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2539, 2551; Smith; Allen 268; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1130; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Howell 101, 102: Snks-
dorf, August 8, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 6; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 411;*
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 737; Stevens Pass, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 767.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
64. Carex nudata W. Boott in Wets. Bot. Cal. 2: 241. 1876.
Type locality: "In the Coast Ranges, from San Francisco Bay to Ukiah."
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Without locality, August, 1882, probably collected by Brandegee.
64a. Carex nudata versuta nom. nov.
Carex aperta angustifolia Boott in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 1839, nom. nud.
Carex nudata angustifolia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 16. 1889.
Type ix)cality: "Fort Good Hope, Mackenzies River." Collected by Richardson.
Range: Oregon, Washington, and northward.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall.
65. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889.
Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.
.
Type locality: "Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona." Collected by Pringle.
Range: Washington and Montana to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, SwArsdor/" 1297.
66. Carex oregonensis Olney; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 73. 1886.
Carex halliana Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9: 117. 1884, not C. hallii Olney. 1871.
Carex oregonensis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Siiki^dorf dS, 52; Howell 97; Skamania County,
Fleit 1380; Yakima County, Henderson, August 12, 1882.
67. Carex pachystoma Holm, Am. Journ. Soi. IV. 20: 302. lOO.").
Type loc.vlity: Crater Lake National Park and Klamath County, Oregon; Mount
Adams and west Klickitat County, Wasliington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens e.xamined: Mount Adams, Su^sdor/" 4248, 2959.
68. Carex paddoensis Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschrift 12: 43. 1906.
Type locality: Mount Paddo (.\dams).
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, ^ttcn 172; Pip«r 2541; Mount Adams, HoiocH 92.
Zonal distribution: Art-tic.
This species is related to C. brexveri and C. engelmanni, to both of which species it has
erroneously been referred.
69. Carex pansa Bailey Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888.
Type locality-: "Very abundant in drifting sand as well as Imrders of s«>a estuaries,
Clatsop, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Wa-shington Territory." Collected by Henderson.
Range: Sea coast of Wa.shington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Westport, //fm/<T.wn in 1892; Ilwaco, P?/>^r 6437.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
70. Carex pauciflora Lightf. Fl. Sto(. 2: 543. /. fl. 1777.
Type locality: " In the i.sle of .\rran," S<otland.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Wa.sh!ngton and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Mount Con.stitution, Henderson 2056; Weiser Lake, Suksdorf
1015.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
71. Carex phaeocephala nom. nov.
.
Carex leporina americana OIney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.; 22: 152. 1886.
not C. muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.
-Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Ptper 2553; Mount Rainier, Piper 2535;.
Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 8, 9, 10, 592; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1133;
Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 10.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species has been considered to be the same as C. preslii Steiid., ba.sed on the C. lepo-
rina L. of Presl in Reliquiae Hacnkeanae. . The type of C preslii came from the shores of
Nootka Sound, and there is scarcely a possibility that the high alpine C. leporina americana
can be the same. It is much more likely that C. preslii is a form of C.festiva. C. petasata
Dewey, the type of which is in the Gray Herbarium, is a very different species from C.
phaeocephala.
72. Carex polyTnorpha Muhl. Gram. Descr. 239. 1817.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: Washington; Ma.ssachusetts to North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, S'wit.sdor/' 2895.
73. Carex prionophylla Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 15: 423. 1902.
Type locality: "Divide between St. Joe and Clearwater rivers," Idaho.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Cariton, Kreager 264.
74. Carex pulchella Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 457. 1903.
Carex hallii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1886, not C. /.aZZii Olney. 1871.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 173
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Meadows, Flett 1357, 1365; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf&m, 1284.
75. Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 24: 139. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in Pyrenaeis."
Range: Alaska to Colorado and California. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 825; Elmer 2722; Mount Rainier,
Pifer 2540; Allen 171; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 28.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
76. Carex raynoldsii Dew. Am. Joum. Sci. II. 32: 39. 1861.
Carex lyallii Boott, 111. 150. pi. 483. 1858.
Type locality: "Pierre's Hole, Snake River Valley, alt. 6,000 ft." Collected by
Hayden.
Range: Wyoming to Montana, westward to California and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Mount Chapaca, Elmer 580, Mount Adams, Henderson, August,
1892; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1143; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU (type of C.
lyaUii); Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1240.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
77. Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824.
Type locality: Massachusetts.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 592; Loomis, Elmer 616; Waits-
burg, Horner 29; Clarks Springs, Kreager 566; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1379.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
78. Carex richardsoni R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Joum. 751. 1823.
Type locality: British America "In the wooded country from latitude 54° to 64°
north."
Range: Saskatchewan to New York, South Dakota, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Waitsburg, Horner 208.
79. Carex rigida hesperia nom. nov.
Carex vulgaris bracieosa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 81. 1886, not C. bradeosa Schwein.
1824.
Type locality: "Ebbett's Pass, California, alt. 8,000 feet." Collected by Brewer.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 19, 24; mountains north of Ellens-
burg, Brandegee 1142; Mount Rainier, Allen 269; Piper 2533 in part; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 16, 17, 36.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
80. Carex rossii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 222. 1839.
Carex dejlexa rossii Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 207. 1885.
Carex dejlexa media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 43. 1889.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast, Dow^ks; Rocky Mountains, Drummond."
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2718; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Mount
Rainier, Allen 168; Mount Adams, Henderson 2094; Suksdorf 24; Klickitat River, Suks-
dorf 48; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3094; Blue
Mountains, Horner 480; Mount Rainier, Piper 2543,2552, 2537; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 77; Olympia, Henderson 2093; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1145.
Zonal distribution: Arctic to Transition.
It is exceedingly probable that all the Oregon and Washington specimens that have been
referred to C. varia Muhl. and C novae-angliae Schwein. are in reality forms of C rossii.
174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
80. Carex rostrata Stokes: With. But. Ait. Brit. Veg. ed. 2. 1059. 1787.
Carex auipullacea Goodonough, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 207. 1794.
Type locality: "Bosrs of Isia, and on Bentelkcrny in Breadalbane," Great Britain.
Range: British C()hiinl)ia to Newfoundland south to New York, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, iSuTrs^for/" 1278.
81. Carex scirpoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 171. 1803.
Carex pseudoscirpoitha Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 78. 1900.
Type locality: "Ad sinum Hudsonis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pij^r 2243; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1126;
Skagit Pass, Lake d- Hull 408; Horseshoe B«isin, Elmer 684.
Zonal distribition: Arctic
The western form is somewhat larger and broader-leaved as a nilo, a difTerence we con-
sider too slight to warrant separating it as a distinct species as has been done by Rydberg.
82. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 230. 1805.
Type hxality: "Habitat in America Iwreali."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Colorado and Florida.
Speclmens examined: Vancouver, Henderson, June 12, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
83. Carex scopulorum Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 422. 1902.
Type locality: "In the region of Clear Creek Carton" Colorado.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2247; Flett 826; Mount Rainier,
Allen 170; Piper 2533 in part; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 729; Lake cfe HuU 407; Mount Adams, Suksdorf A2AQ, 4247.
Zonal distribittion: Arctic and Hudsonian.
84. Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826.
Type locality: Westfield, Massachusetts.
Range: Alaska to Ontario, .south to Oregon and New York.
Specimens examined: Mount Baldy, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1757.
86. Carex sitchensis Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 169. 1832.
Carex howellii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1 : 45. 1889.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon along the coast.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Henderson 1783; Mount Constitution, Hen-
derson 2086.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
86. Carex specifica Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 21. 1889.
Type locality : "California, Silver Valley, head of Toulumne River, and Ebbett's Pass."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Switsffor/ 3099.
87. Carex spectabilis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. pi. 10. f. 76. 1836.
Carex invisa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1887.
Type locality: "Found in the Arctic Regions."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 194a, 195a; Piper 2545, 2538; Smith,
August, 1890; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 39, 76; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc HuU 402, 407; Fort
Vancouver; Olympic Mountains, Flett 826.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Our species has erroneously been referred to C. podocarpa R. Br., a quite different plant.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 175
88. Carex stellulata Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 144. 1794.
Type locality: England.
Range : Alaska to Labrador south to California and Maryland. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 761; Lake Keechelus,
Henderson in 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
88a. Carex stellvilata excelsior (Bailey).
Carex stenZis exceZsior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 424. 1893.
Carex echinata excelsior Fernald, Proc. Ami. Acad. 37: 484. 1902.
Type locality : None given.
Range: British Columbia and Oregon to Newfoundland and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1111; Vancouver, Piper 6444. *
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
88b. Carex stellulata ormantha (Fernald).
Carex echinata ormantha Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 483. 1902.
Type locality: Strawberry Creek, Eldorado County, California.
Range: Washington to California. Connecticut.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892.
89. Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 233. 1805.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains; Grant in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
2705; Seattle, Piper 998; North Yakima, Griffiths dfc Cotton 62; Ellensburg, Whited 511 ; Pes-
h&st'm, Sandberg <$; Leiberg 589; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 29; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy 17; Blue Mountains, Lake dc Hull 377; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Vancouver,
Piver 6438.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
90. Carex stramimformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 24. 1889.
Carex straminea congesta Boott; Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868, not Carex congesta
Meyer. 1858.
Type locality : Mount Shasta, California. Collected by Brewer.
Range: California, Oregon, and Wasliington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Hov>ell, August, 1882; Henderson, August 7,
1882; Suksdorf..
Zonal distribution: Arctic?
91. Carex tenella Schkuhr, Riedgr. 23./. IO4. 1801.
Type locality: Unknown.
Range: New Jersey to California and northward.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 1^.
92. Carex teretiuscula ampla Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889.
Type locality: "Quaking bogs, head of Burnt River, E. Oregon." Collected bj'
Cusick.
Range: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1002 ; T&conm, Flett 2X0; Nisqually Valley, ^Z/rn
165; Coupeville, Gardner 308; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Mai-shall
Junction, Piper 2282; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Vancouver, Piper 6445.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
93. Carex umbeUata brachyrhina r.om. nov.
Carex umbellata brevirostris Boott, 111. 2: 99. t. 29Jf. 1860, not C. breviroslris Cederstr.
1857.
176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "Carlton House." Collected by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine south to California and New
Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 168; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Hangman
Creek, Sandherg cf- Leiberg 30; Olympia, Henderson 2093.
94. Carex usta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 20. 1889.
Carer douglasii brunma Olney, Bot. King Explor. 363. 1871, not C. brunnea Thunberg.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Colville Reservation, Griffiths cfe Cotton 408; Kittitas Valley,
CoUon 1216.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
95. Caxex utriculata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1839.
Type locality': British America. Collected by Richardson.
Range: Alaska to Labrador .south to California and Delaware.
Specimens exa.mined: Lake Wenache, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 640; Seattle, Piper 994;
Tacoma, Flett 208; Clealum Lake, Cotton 846; Stehekin, Griffiths <* Cotton 210; Mission,
Griffiths dk Cotton 490; Loomis, Griffiths ck Cotton 332; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfe Cotton 497;
Railroad Creek, £"/mcr 758; MarshallJunction, Pi;>cr 2277; Waitsburg, Z/om«r 202; Mount
Adams, Henderson 2095; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278.
Zonal distribution: Transition, mainly.
96. Carex vernacula Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893.
Carex foelida "All." of American authors.
Type locality: "Colorado and Wyoming."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf S\2; Henderson.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
97. Carex vespertina (Bailey) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 705. 1903.
Carex pennsyhxinica vespertina Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 74. 1889.
Type locality: "Dry hills near the Cascades of the Columbia," Oregon. Collected by
Howell and by Henderson.
Range: Oregon to British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Homer 208; Olympia, Henderson 2077; Chiquash
Mountains, 5i/A-sf/o// 2990; Mount Adams,5uA-«<for/'292,437,23,67; Henderson 2078; Klick-
itat River, Flett 1406.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Specimens of this have l>eeii referred to C. globosa Boott, a species which seems not to
occur in Washington.
98. Carex vicaria Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889.
Type locality: " Oregon and California.
"
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 6439.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
99. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 169. 1803.
Type locality: " In Canada et Nova Anglia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Florida and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf \29S; Ophir, Elmer 516; Cusick,
Piper, September, 1903; Usk, Kreager, August 16, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Besides the above listed species in this difficult genus a number of others have be«n
reported from the region, but there is too much uncertainty regarding them to warrant
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 177
their inclusion. Carex tncisa Boott*' is biised on Geyer's specimen collected in "rich
mould; thickets of the fertile ])lains above Colville." Tlie brief description is as follows:
"Differt a C. scabrata Schkuhr perigyniis laevibus, etc., squamis foeinineis viscidis, etc.,
F. B." It has not been identified. Carex rosea Schk. , reported in Hooker's Flora '> ajs
collected by Scouler on the Columbia River, lias not since been found in this region.
Other species reported fro.^l the Columbia River in Hooker's Flora are 0. stridah&in.,
C. angustata Boott, C. lagojtodioices Schk. (C. tribuloides Wahl.) and C. straminea Schk.
As none of these have recently been collected, it is quite certain that the specimens will
be found to represent other species.
ARACEAE. Arum P'amily.
LYSICHITON.
1. Iiysichiton camtschatcense (L.) Schott, Prodr. Aroid. 421. 1860. Skunk cabbage.
Symplocarpus kamtschaticu^ Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 1(58. 1832.
Dracontium camtschatcense L. Sp. PI. 2: 968. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sibiria."
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2786; Sea(tk', Piper, July, 1895; Silverton,
Bouck 174; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 210; Wenache Luke, Sandberg ct* Leiberg 642;
Yakima Pass, Watson 400; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, Jidy, 1893; Marsliall Junction,
Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Kreager 295.
Zonal distkibution : Transition.
LEMNACEAE. Duckweed Family.
Thalloid shoot with 1 root Lemna.
Thalloid shoot with several roots Spieodela.
LEMNA.
Thalloid shoot nearly circular, 1.5 to 5 nun. long '. 1. L. minor.
Thalloid shoot oblong, stalk-like at base 2. L. trisulca.
1. Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 429; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897;
North Yakima, Henderson 2534; Waitsburg, Horner, July, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager 515.
2. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Ran(!e: Throughout North America. ^Vsia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 430; near Seattle, 2'arleion.
SPIRODELA.
1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392. 1839.
Lemna pohjrhiza (L.) Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 428; Seattle, Piper, August, 1897.
« Boott; Hook. Journ. Bot. 7: 377. 1869.
6 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839.
29418—06 m 12
178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAfilUM.
PONTEDERIACEAE. roxowKKi) Family.
HETERANTHERA.
1. Heteranthera dubia (Jium].) M«kM. Met. Mimi. V3S. 1S«)2.
Coninieltna dulia Jaccj. Ohs. Bot. 3: 9. ;</. 59. 1768.
Scliollcra graimnifoUa Willd. Neuo. S<-hr. Cms. Naturf. Fr. 3: l.'W. 1801, noin. iiud.
Heteranthfia (jramiimi Viilil, Emim. 2: 45. 1806.
I^ptanihns ijmitiineiis }>l\chx. Fl. 1:2.'). 1803.
Type L<K\\i.rrY: Tlie tyjx' .sjx'cimon is (Mtiyton's number 814, probably from Virginia.
Hance: Wa.shington to Ontario, soutii to Mexico and Florida.
Speclmens examined: Hangman or I^itali Creek near Marshall Junction, Suksdorf.
JUNCACEAE. Rush Family.
Ijeaf slieatlis open; capsule 1 or 3-celled, many-seeded; placentae pari-
etal or axial JuNCiis (p. 178).
Leaf sl)eatlis closed; capsule l-<"elled. ."i-.seoded; placenta basal Jungoide8 (p. 184).
JUNCTJS. Rush.
Lowest leaf of the inflorescence appearing like a continuation of
the .stem, the inflorescence tiierefore seemingly lateral.
Flowers in comptnmd panicles, usually nunierous.
Stamens 3; leaf of the inflorescence nmch shorter than
the stem.
Perianth green
;
panicle loose I. J. effusua.
Periantlj brown
;
panicle close la. J. effusua hesperiua.
Stamens 6. /
Periantli green; leaf of the inflorescence as long as
the stem 2. J.filifomiia.
Perianth parts brown, a green stripe each side of the
midrib.
Flowers 3 to 4.5 nmi. long 3. J. halticua.
Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long A. J . leacurii.
Flowers few, 1 to 3 in each cluster.
Inner sheaths bnstle-tipped ; cap.sule retu.sc 5. J. auhtriflorua.
Inner sheaths ]eaf-i>eanng; capsule acute (i. J. parryi.
Ijtjwest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continuation
of tlic stem.
Leaves not provided with cros.s-partitions, cither flat and
gra.ss-likc or terete and channeled.
Flowers bracteolate, loosely scattered or somewhat con-
gested but not in heads.
Annuals; stems branched, leafy.
Stamens 6; flowers loosely scattered.
Capsule oblong 7. J. hufoniua.
Capsule globose 8. J. aphaerocarpua.
Stamens 3.
Inflorescence 1-flowered; bract 1 9. J. unedalia.
Inflorescence few-flowered; bracts 2 or
more, style short 10. J. hrachyatylua.
Perennials; stems simple.
Peiianth segments 2.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule
3-ccllcd, panicle close \l. J . confusua.
r PIPER FLORA OF TPIE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 179
Perianth segments 3.5 to 5.5 mm. long; capsule
1-cellcd.
Panicle loose; flowers pale green 12. J. tenuis.
Panicle close; flowers fuscous 13. J. occidentalis.
Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads.
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths wanting; perianth parts
minutely roughened.
Perianth shorter than the capsule; heads sev-
eral to many, 3 to 5-flowered 14. J. covillei.
Perianth longer than the capsule.
Seeds not tailed.
Flowers in 1 , rarely 2 or 3, large heads . 15. /. falcatus.
Flowei-s in 3 to 20 small heads 16. J. orthophyllus.
Seeds tailed 17. J. regelii.
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths present; perianth parts
smooth 18. J. lorujistylis.
Leaves provided with distinct cross-partitions.
Blades of the leaves equitant.
Heads pale, numerous; stamens 6; plant tall 28. J. oj-i/meris.
Heads brown or black.
Stamens 6; heads solitary ; stemsnot 2-edged. . 29. J. mertcjusianus.
Stamens 3 (rarely 6) ; stems 2-edged.
Flowers in 2 to several dense nearly black
heads 27. J. ensifolius.
Flowers in many brown heads 27a. J. ensifolius major.
Blades of the leaves cylindric or only slightly compressed.
Stamens 3 19. J. acuminatus.
Stamens 6.
Capsules subulate; heads many-flowered.
Leaf blades erect; inner perianth parts
longer than the outer 22. J. nodosns.
Leaf blades spreading; outer perianth parts
longer than the inner 23. J . torreyi.
Capsules not subulate.
Heads pale, few-flowered; capsules oblong-
lanceolate.
Perianth segments less than 5 mm.
long go. J . richardsonianus.
Perianth segments over 5 mm. long. . 21. J. oreganus.
Heads brown; capsules oblong, abiuptly
acute.
Perianth pale brown; seeds reticu-
lated, the longitudinal striae 20 to
26 : 24. J . columbianus.
Perianth dark brown; seeds about 15-
striate.
Stout 60 to 100 cm. high; heads
several or many; capsule
shorter than the perianth 25. J. suksdorfii.
Slender 20 to 40 cm. high; heads
few; capsule as long as the
perianth 26. J. badius.
180 CONTlilBUTlONS FROM THE NATIONAL ilElUlAHlUM.
1. Juncus effusus L. Sp. l'\. 1: ;?2<). lyrxj.
i Juncu.'i i-fiisus ifmcilis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: WO. 1838.
Type i,(k'ai.ity: European.
Range: Suharctio and temporato North Amorka. Euri>p«'. A.sia.
Specimens examined: Ma-ion County, I'ilnfdul, Juiu', 1S!)2; Kinj^ County, S^tksdorf
1010: St-attlc, Piper 102*): Everett, Pi/Hr.
Zonal distkiiution. Humid Transition.
la. Juncus effusus hesperius iu)m iiov.
Jiiitcu!< rfiisiLs lininiuiis Krijieliii. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: lUl. lS(i8, i:ot J. tenageja
hninneuK Xeilreicii 1S59.
Type likality: Cerro Ijt>on, Mexico.
Uance: Wa.siiin<;toii to California near tlie seacoiist.
Speclmens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2728; Monle-sano, Heller 3970; Olympic
Mountains, Grant; Chaiidxfrs Lake, Iletuknton, August 2Ii, 185)2; Liliewaiip, Henderson
18()0; without locality, Too/XT in 18.52; Klickitat County, ^S'l/A-scZor/" 2157; Everett, Pt/>cr.
Zonal distkiiution: Humid Transition.
2. Juncus filiformis L. Sp. PI. 1: :i2C.. 1753.
Type LocALirY: EurojX'an.
Kan(je: British Columbia to Ijahrador, .south to Colorado and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Skamania County, Suitrm^r/' 216;
Na.son City, Santlbenj d' Leihenj (»02; Rofjers T^ake, Klmer 717.
This sjM'cies has heen mistaki-n for ./. }Kilen.s Meyer, and we believe that all Washington
references to the latter really belong to J . JiHform in.
3. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Mag. 3: 298. 1809.
Type uk'ai.ity: "Bei Warnemiinde," Germany.
11anc;e: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Nebraska, and New York. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2730; Whidby Island, Gardner 299;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 185.S; Lake Osoyoos, Lyall in 18G0; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf2l4G,
214, 215; Egbert Springs, Sandbenj cO Leiherij 404; Seattle, Smith 1021 ; Ijongmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 1422; Ellensburg, Whited in 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson 2554; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake tfc Hull 385, 393; Pull-
man, Henderson 2553; Pij^r, August 2, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum
Lake, Cotton 8.50; ConconuUy, Griffiths i& Cotton 320.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
4. Juncus lescurii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 179. 1858-G2.
Type locality: Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, Califoniia.
Range: Vancouver Lsland to Chile, on the seashore.
Specimens examined: Westport, //endersow 2552; TZeZZer 3945; Thurston County, //en-
dcvson 2.5.50; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 34, 35; Oyhut, Conard 412.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
5. Juncus subtriflorus (Meyer) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 208. 1893.
Juncus coiupressus suUrifiorus Meyer, Linnaea 3: 368. 1828.
Juncus drummondii Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 1853.
Type locality: "Hab. in insulis Koragiask."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 828; Mount Rainier, Allen 68; Cas-
cade Mountains, Tweedy 31; same, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1139;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Skamania County, SuitscZor/' 1011; Nason Creek,
Sandbery ct Leibery G75; Bri(l<,re Creek, Elmer 652; Blue Mountains, Piper 2274.
Zonal DisxiiiBUTioK; Aiciic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 181
6. Juncus parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 446. 1866.
Type locality: Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer' 272>^; Olympic Mountains, Flett 111,
Henderson 1025; Mount Rainier, Piper 2169; Mount Adams, //erw^erson, August, 1892;
Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Skamania County, Sulcsdorf V)A\ ; Chi-
quash Mountains, Sulcsdorf 1041 ; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 410; Nason Creek, Sandherg cfe
Leiberg 665; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 736; Mount Carlton, Kreager 231.
Zonal disteibution : Arctic.
7. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. 1 : 328. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2734; Southbend, Spillman, August 2,
1889; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Harrington,
Sandherg & Leiberg 218; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Pullman, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
8. Jimcus sphaerocarpus Nees, Flora 1: 521. 1818.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California. Europe.
Specimens examined: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 137; Bingen, Piper 6446; Pullman, Elmer
1044.
9. Juncus uncialis Greene, Pittonia 2: 105. 1890.
Juncus triformis unifiorus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 493. 18()S, not ./. frijidvs
uniflorus Tausch. 1834.
Type locality: "Low moist places in fields near Suiaun, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 2!i, 1881.
10. Juncus brachystylus (Engelm.).
Juncus triformis brachystylus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 492. 1868.
Type locality: "Ukiah, Mendocino county," California.
Range : Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 19, 1882.
11. Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 127. 1896.
Type locality: "In an irrigated meadow. North Park, Colorado"
Range: Washington to Colorado and Montana.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, iSMtscZor/" 2 191; Spangle, SM^sdor/ 1042.
12. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. PI. 2»: 214. 1799.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: Nearly throughout North America.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4074; Seattle, Piper 1134; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg cfe Leiberg 389, 388; Wenache, Whited; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock
Lake, Lake & Hull S87; hoomis, Elmer 576; Palouse City, Henderson, July, 1892; Blue
Mountains, Lake <& Hull 375; Pullman, Piper 1939; Stehekin, Griffiths cfe Cotton 187;
Prosser, Cotton 647, 659.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
13. Juncus occidentalis (Coville) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 521. 1900.
Juncus tenuis occidentalis Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc Wash. 10: 129. 1896.
Juncus tenuis congestus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 450. 1866, not ,/. congestus
Thuill. 1799.
Type locality: "In California (San Francisco, Bolander; Monterey, Brewer) and in
Colorado, HaU."
182 CONTRTBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Rance: British Columbia lo California.
Specimens examined: Coupovillo. aarthur 295, 300: Lake Cholan, IaiI-c d- IluU in 1892;
Elmer, August. 1897; Pullman, Plj^r 3051; Elmer, July 20, 189(); Cow Creek, Griffiths cfe
Cotton 504.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
14. Juncus covillei noni. nov.
Juncusfalcatus jmnicidatus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 495. 1868, not J. paniculatus
IIoppc, 1823.
Jimcus laiifolius panicidahis Buch. Engl. Bot. Jalirh. 18: 426. 1890.
T^i'E locality: "Sphagnous swamp near Mendot-ino, California."
Ran(!e: Briti-sh Columbia to California, in tlio oo»ust region.
Si'EciMEN.s examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2732; Whatcom County, Gardner 410;
Seattle, Pij^r 1033, 27(52 ; Mount .Vdams, Sukntlorf 219, Vancouver, Piper 4928; Lake
Crescent, Laxurence 303.
Zonal dlstribition: Humid Transition.
15. Juncus falcatus E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 34. 1823.
Juncus menzie^i R. Br.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 192. 1S3S.
TiPE ix)CALir»-: "Mont-Real," that is, Monterey, California. Collected by Haenke.
Range: Washington to California.
Speclmens examined: West port, //fm/rraon, June 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Juncus orthophyllus Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 207. 1893.
Junciu^ latifoliuH liucli. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 425. 1890.
Juncus lornnstylis laiifolius EngeluL Trans. St. Ijouis Acad. 2: 496. 1868, not Juncus
latifolius Wulf. 1789.
Type i^oc^ality : " Califomian Sierra.s on alpino meadows or along rivulets in the Yosemite
Valley, alt. 4000 feet."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cloalum, Henderson,
June, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake cfr IluU 386; Pullman, Piper 1765, 3024, 3052.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition.
17. J\mcu8 regelii Buch. Englcr's Bot. Jahrb. 18: 414. 1890.
Type ixx-ality: "Im westlichen Nordamerika von Washington anscheinend bis Utah."
Collected by Suksdorf and by Jones.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Utah.
Speclmens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 1527; SiiTcsdorf; Flett 1360; Mount
Stuart, Sandberg cfe Leiherg 822, 579; Klickitat River, Flett 1367; Yakima County,
Ifa«, August, 1895; Cloalum, Hemlerson, dune 11, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 74C); Loomis,
Elmer .575; Blue Mountains, Homer 484; Whitman County, Lake cfe Hull 374; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, PijKr 5026, 5027; Snipes Creek, Cotton 669i in part.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
18. Juncus longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 223. 1859.
Type locality: " Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, /SanJier*/ cfe Letter*/ 360; Whitman County, LaAre
& Hull 374; along Wilson Creek, Lake cfe Hull 391; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892;
Marshall Junction, Pijper 2280.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
19. Juncus acuminatus Michx. Fl. 1 : 192. 1803.
Type locality: "In Carolina inferiore."
Range: British Columbia to Maine, south to Oregon and Georgia.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 183
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3969; Seattle, noivell6\2; Piper 1135; Thurs-
ton County, Henderson 2556; Ilwaco, Henderson 2161; North Yakima, Henderson 2555;
Atanum Soda Springs, Watt August, 1895; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1013.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
20. Juncus richardsonianusSchult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7: 201. 1829.
Juncus alpinus insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 459. 1866.
Type locality: "in sylvis Americae arcticae." Collected by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, Nebraska and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Gardner 417; Suksdorf 1012; Chelan, Elmer
883.
21. Juncus oreganus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 267, 1888.
Juncus paucicapiiatus Buch. Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 12: 367. 1890.
Type locality: "In bogs at Ilwaco," Washington. Collected by Henderson.
Range: Alaska to Washington near the seacoast.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, //eruferson, Septemln-r, 1892 and 15; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, LyaZZ; Ilwaco, Piper, June, 1G04.
Zonal disthibution: Humid Transition.
22. Juncus nodosus L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 466. 1762.
Type locality: "Habitat in America scptentrionali."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Nevada, Nebraska, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Newport, Piper 4211; Colville, ^rcaj/er 519
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
23. Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 303. 1895.
Juncus nodosus megacephalus Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 2: 326. 1843.
Juncus megacephalus Wood, Bot. ed. 2. 724. 1861, not Curtis 1835.
Type locality: "On the shores of Lake Ontario."
Range: British Columbia to New York, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 312, Cascade Mountains, Tweedy in 1882;
Parker, Dwnn, August 1 1 , 1901; Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897; Loomis, Elmer 613;
Colville, Kreager 519; Toppenish, Cotton 789; Prosser, Cotton 648.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
24. Juncus columbianus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 87. 1901.
Type locality: "In wet meadows near Pullman, Washington." Collected by Elmer.
Range: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 389; western Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 462; MarshallJunction, Piper 2281 ; Spangle, SutstZorf 463; Pullman, Piper 3054,
3537; Elmer 235; Lake Chelan, Lake cfe FIull 389 in part, Snipes Creek, Cotton 669J in
part, 668.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
26. Juncus suksdorfii Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 541. 1899.
Type locality : Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, /SuArsdor/" 217, 680; Sp&ngle, Suksdorf 464; Pull-
man, Piper 1947, 3026, 3042, 3053 ; Henderson 2547, 2548.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
26. Juncus badius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type locality: "Im Falkenthal im westl. Teil von Klickitat County," Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, /Switsdor/'2144; Kalispel Lake, A'rec/f/er 330.
Very close to J nevadensis Wats, but to be distinguished by its relatively longer capsule.
184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The Falcon Valley specimen was the basis for the inclusion of Jimciis chlorocephalua
Engehn. in Suksdorfs list.
27. Juncns ensifolius Wiks. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 2: 274. 1823.
Juncus xiphioiiks iriaiulrus Engehn. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 482. 1868.
Juncus xijJiioides macranthiis F^ngelni loc. cit.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Alaska s<iutlnvard in the mountains to California.
Specimens ex^vmined; Monte.sano, Heller 39(i8, Seattle, Piper 1038; Skamania County,
Flelt 1388; Bridge Creek, hln.er MFr. Lake ( helaii, lAike d' Hull 3(30; Nason City, Sandbery c£r
Leiberg CiOS,, Blue Mountaiiis, P'ljxr 227r>; Pullman, Piper 1938, Steliekin, Grijfiihs tfc Cotton
193, Clealum Lake, Cotton 848; ('ascade Mountains, latitude 49°,Ly<dl; Grays Harbor,
Wilkes Expedition 2^i7.
Zonal distribution: Tran.silion t^ Canadian.
27a. Jiincus ensifolius major Hook. Kl. Bor. Am. 2: 191. 1840.
Jiinciis xipliioides monianiis Engciin. Trans. St. Ijouis .Vcad. 2: 481. 1868.
Juncus saximontanus A. Nel.son, Bull. Torr. ( lub. 20: 401. 1902
Type ixx;ality: "Sources of tlie Columbia Kiver, in tiie Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idalio.
Specimens examined: Oiympin, Henderson, Octolier 2, 1892. Wenache, Whited 82, 207:
Ellen-sburg, Whited 710; Blue Mountains, [Aike d' Hull 376; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13,
1892; North Yakinui, Wall, August , 189.'').
28. Juncus oxymeris P^ngeluL Trans. St. Ixniis Acad. 2: 483. 1868.
Type ixk^ality: "Sacramento Valley, Cal." Collected by Hartwcg.
Range: Wiushington to California.
Specimens examined; S«>attle. /'j/xt, July 4, 1897; Smith 1032
Zonal distkibution; Humid Tran.sition.
29. Juncus mertensianus liong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 167. 1832.
Type ix)cality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2735; Olympic Mountains, Flett 827;
Mount Rainier, Piper 10^7; Allen 272, 27^: Siuith, August, 1890; Mount Stuart, Elmer MSI ;
Cascade Mountains, 49°, />?/aZZ in 18()0; Skamania County, iSizts<Zo?/2042; Flell 1376; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1417, Wenache Region, Brandegee 676; Stevens Pa-ss, Whited, August 27,
1901 ; Tieton River, Cotton 438; Skagit Pa.ss, iMke <fc Hidl 405; Bridge Creek, Elmer 6.50;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2276, Kalispel Lake, Kreager 336.
Zonal DisTRinuTioN: Arctic.
29a. Juncus mertensianus filifolius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot Monat,.ss. 10: 92. 1901.
Type Lfx^ALiiY: "Skamania County," Washington.
JUNCOIDES. Wood bush.
Flowers in clusters of 2 to 3 or .solitary in an open panicle.
Ijeaves 10 to 12 mm. broad; jxriaiith brown, 3 to 3.5 mm. long. ... 1. J. glabratum.
Jjeaves 6 to 8 or 10 ram. broad; }:)erianth 1.5 to 2.5 long.
Panicle rays drooping; leaves with a few pilose hairs at base.
Flowers and capsules pale green; leaves thin, shining; seeds
brown, ellipsoid ; 2. J. parvijlorum.
Flowers and capsules dark brown; leaves thick, dull; seeds
yellow constricted at each end 3. J. piperi.
Panicle rays divaricate; leaves without pilose hairs 4. J. divaricatum.
Flowers congested into 1 to several spike-like or head-like clusters.
Inflorescence nodding, nearly always of a single spike-like cluster.. 5. J. spicatum.
Inflorescence of 2 to 12 globose or oblong clusters 6. J. campestre.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 185
1. Juncoides glabratum (Hoppe) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. Bull. 9: 63. 1894.
. Juncus glahratus Hoppe; Rostk. Mon. June. 27. 1801.
Luzvla glahrata Desv. Journ. Botanique 1 : 145. 1808.
Luzula spadicea glahrata E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Salisburgensibus."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2170; Mount Adams, Henderson 2i546;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1114; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy ; Cascade
Mountains above Lake Chelan, T. E. Wilcox in 1883; Cascade Mountains, Colville, Lyall in
1860; Nason City, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 668; Okanogan County, Whited 49; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 232.
Zonal distkibution : Hud.sonian.
2. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893.
Juncus pamifiorus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 139. 1791.
Luzula parvijiora Desv. Journ. Botanique 1: 144. 1808.
Luzida spadicea laxijlora E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823.
Type locality: "Helvetia, Germania, Suecia."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Minnesota, and New York.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3900; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, L?/cr7/;
Mount Rainier, Piper 2171 ; Lake Cushman, Henderson 1016; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy;
Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1008; Seattle, Piper 1015; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid;
Skagit Pass, Lake <b Hull 409; Wind River, FleU 1392: Bridge Creek, Elmer 641; Okano-
gan County, Lake cfc Hull 400, 409; Southbcnd, Spillman, August 7, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
A variable species not much different from the European spadiceum. Our common
form has lax panicles and pale perianth segments and capsule, and is nearlj' the same
as Luzula parvijiora sparsijlora Lange. The form with dark capsules, Luzida pannjlora
melanocarpa (Desv.) Gray, does not seem to occur in our limits.
3. Juncoides piperi Coville, sp. nov.
Densely tufted, from short horizontal u.sually matted rootstocks; stems erect, 10 to 35
cm. high; leaves mostly basal, firm in texture, pale green and dull, erect or nearly so,
linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 2 to 4 mm. broad, 15 to 17-nerved, about one-fourth as long
as the stem, smooth and glabrous except for a few long hairs on the sheaths and margins,
inclined to become revolute; cauline leaves two or rarely three; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long,
dark brown, nodding; lowest bract foliaceous, usually 8 to 15 mm. long; bractlets brown,
paler and hyaline toward the apex, lacerate; flowers solitary on the branches or sometimes
in clusters of two or three; perianth segments dark brown, nearly equal, ovate, acuminate,
about 1.5 mm. long; stamens half to two-thirds the length of the perianth, the anthers
nearly equaling the filaments; style about .2 to .3 mm., stigmas 2 to 3 mm. in length;
capsule dark brown, exceeding the perianth, its valves broadly ovate, broadly acute, indis-
tinctly or not at all apiculate; seeds of a light brown to buff or amber color, about 1.2 nun.
in length, lanceolate-oblong in outline, narrowed to each end, distinctly keeled on the inner
side, the cellular reticulations faint.
Type specimen United States National Herbarium no. 352425, collected in September,
1897, by A. D. E. Elmer (no. 678) in the Cascade Mountains of Okanogan County., Wash-
ington, on the north fork of Bridge Creek, growing '"on dry sand-gravelly moraines just
below the glaciers at 6,000 feet altitude."
This species differs from Juncoides parviflorum in its more densely tufted habit, sinallor
size, and more lacerate bractlets, thicker, never shining leaves, the lack of a distinct apicu-
lation on the capsule valves, and the light-colored pointed seeds. In parviflorum the seeds
are dark brown, narrowly oblong in outline, and blunt at the ends. Our species bears a
superficial resemblance to the European spadiceum, but is readily distinguishable by its
186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
broader loaves and hv its seed and capsule characters, which in spadiceum are the same a."
described above for jHirvijionnn.
Juncoides pijwri occurs on high peaks in the Cascade Mountains from northern Washing-
ton to southern Oregon, in the Olympic Mountains, and in the Canir d'Alene Mountains of
northern Idaho {Leiberg 1355), and appears to be associated with soils so porous as to be
s*bject to great drj'ness in late summer. It is named for Professor C. V. Piper, who first
pointed out its characters.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 122; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfe HuU
412; Bridge Creek, £'/w«'r 678; Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Piper 2172J; Allen M; Chiquash
Mountains, SutsJo;/ 1009; Klickitat River, FkU 13()4 in part.
Zonal distribution : Arctic.
4. Juncoides divaricatum (S. Wats.) Coville. Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893.
LuzuJa diraricata S. Wats. Vixn: Am. Acad. 14: 302. 1879.
? Litzula arcuata major IKxik. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 189. 1840.
Type locality: "California in the Sierra Nevada, mostly alpine, from above Mono
Lake to Sierra County."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount St. Helens, CovilU 799.
The type of Luzula arcuata major I look, was collected on Mount Rainier by Tolmie.
6. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 725. 1891.
Juncus spicatus L. Sp. PI. 1: li^iO. 1753.
Luziila spimta DC. Fi. Fr. 3: Kil. 1805.
Type hx'ALITY: "Habitat in Ijapponiae Alpibus."
Range: Ala.skatoLabrador,.southtt)Califomia, Colorado, and New York. Europe. Asia.
Spbclmens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2173; Allen; Smith 1014; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1123; Brarwkgee 339; Mount Adams, Fletl 1404; Wenacho Mountains,
Cotton 1291.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 722.1891.
Jnnais cam])€.stris L. Sp. PI. 1: 329. 1753.
Luziila campestris DC. Fl. Fr. 3: IGl. 180.5.
Luzula comosa E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 21. 1823.
Type localffy: Europe.
Range: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 301;
Tacoma, Flett 202; Skamania County, Flett 1374; Klickitat River, FleU 1364 in part;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1122; Falcon Valley,
SnJcsdoff 2118; west Klickitat County, Suksdotf 2100; Flett 1364; Skagit Pass, Lake cfe
Hull 415; Pend Oreille River, LyaJl in 1861; Cascade Mountains, Tweedrj 28; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg <f; Leiberg 19; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 805; Blue Mountains, Lake cfe Hiul
380; Piper, July, 1896; Nisqually VaUey, Allen 160.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LILIACEAE. Lily Family.
Bracts of the inflorescence scarious.
Flowers in racemes Quamasia (p. 190)
.
Flowers not in racemes.
Odor onion-like ; flowers in umbels Allium (p. 187)
.
Odor not onion-like; flowers in umbels or corymbs Hookera (p. 189)
Bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous or none.
Perianth segments unlike, the outer much narrower Calochortus (p. 193)
Perianth segments similar.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 187
Bulbs scaly; anthers versatile.
Nectary a linear groove
;
perianth not campanulate . Lilium (p. 191).
Nectary a shallow pit
;
perianth campanulate Fritillahia (p. 191).
Bulbs corm-like; anthers not versatile.^
Leaves only two, rather broad Erythronium (p. 1G2)
.
Leaves several, narrow, grass-like Lloydia (p. 193)
.
ALLIUM. Onion.
Bulbs oblong, cespitose, more or loss rhizomatous.
Leaves linear 1 . A. .libiricum.
Leaves flat or channelled.
Rhizome stout ; flowers erect 2. A. validnm.
Rhizome scarcely developed; flowers nodding 3. A. cemuum.
Bulbs globose, loosely cespitose or soHtary, not rhizomatous.
Bulb coats fibrous 4. A. geyeri.
Bulb coats not fibrous, usually reticulate.
Flowers red.
Leaves flat, rather broad; reticulations wanting.
Plants tall, 20 to 40 cm. high; umlx^l globo.se,
dense ; scape terete .5. A. doiiglasii.
Plants low, 5 to 10 cm. higli; scape flattened.
Leaves 2 to 3 mm. broad; scapes smooth .... 6. vl. folmiei.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; scapes crenuiate. . 7. A. crenulatum.
Leaves narrow; reticulations evident.
Reticulations polygonal, distinct; petals 10 to 14
mm. long, serrulate 8. A. acuminatum.
Reticulations obscure, transversely-oblong or want-
ing; petals entire, 6 mm. long 9. A. nevii.
Flowers white.
Scape tall; umbel dense, globose ; reticulations narrow,
transverse, sinuous 10. A. attenuifolium.
Scape low; umbel flat.
Reticulations none 11. A. macrum.
Reticulations narrow; very cernuous 12. A. coUinum.
1. Allium sibiricum L. Mant. 562. 1767.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Minnesota.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 26; Lake Wenachc, Sandberg c& Leiberg 630;
White BlufT Ferry, LaJce cfc Hull, August 9, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 18(31 ; Walla Walla,
Tolmie. .
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. AUium vabdum S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 350. 1871.
Type locality: Mono Pass, California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 275.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Allium cemuum Roth, Roem. Archiv. I 2: 40. 1798.
Allium recurvatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1. 94. 1900.
Type locality : None given.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Texas, and in the Allegheny Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2506; Olympic Mountains, Flett 822;
East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Bellingham Bay, SiiJcsdorf 1005; Fairhaven, Piper
188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2cS03: Fidalgo City, Fktt 2109; Goat Mountains, AUm 81; Snoqualniie Falls, Pi-per 671;
Wliite Bluir Feny. Lal-e & Hull, August 11, 1892; Fort Colville, Lydl in 1860; Wenache,
Whited 1420; Cliclan, Elmer 504; Meyers Falls, Kreager 594.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Allium geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227. 1879.
Tvi'E ixkality: The type specimen was collected by Geyer "on stony banks of the
Kooskooskia Kiver [Idalio]." The omoir of the Nez Pen-c Indians.
Ranck: Wa-shington, Idaho, Oregon, and British Columbia.
Speclmens examined: Ellen.sliei^, H'Ai7ffZ508; Pi/xr, May 21, 1897; Pras.ser, /7«'7J///'r.'!on.
20; .Mabton, CoHon ',M\7; l)etween Coulee City and Watenille, SpiUman, May 27, 189G;
Spokan<>. Piper 2272, 2722; C<iulee City, Piper 3853; Sprague, Sandberg tf- Uiberg 146;
Pullman, Elmer SSi; Union Flat, Pi/xr 1850; without locality, Vosey: Cape Horn,
PijMT r)073.
Zonal dlstkibittion: Arid Transition.
This s|)ecies wa.s referred to .1. retirulatinn Don in Hooker's Flora.
5. Allium douglasii Hook. Fl. lior. Am. 2: 184. t 196. 1838.
Allium hentlersoni Robinson & Seaton. liot. Gaz. 18: 237. 189!^.
Type ux-amty: "Northwest coast on the low hills, Douglas," according to Hooker,
but Douglas' lalH'l reads "Subalpine hill near Kettle Falls in the Blue Mountains, 1826."
Kettle Falls is in Stevens County, Wash.
Kan<}e: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Union Flat, Tjoke tfr //»// 021
;
Piper 1870; Blue Mountains. Horner 465; Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal Di.sTRiniTioN: Arid Transition.
6. Allium tolmiei Baker, liot. Mag. luuler pi. (1227. 1876.
Allium dmtgla.'iii fi Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18.5. 183<).
Type locality: "In the Snake Country, Tolmie."
Ranc.e: Wa.shington to Utali.
Specimens examined: Opposite Umatilla, IIouvll, April 26, 1882; Walliila, Suksdorf
2(XK).
Tlie hist-cited .specimen is llic basis of the inclusion of Allium aisiclLii in Suksdorf 's List.
7. Allium crenulatum Wicgaiid, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 1.3.5. 1899.
Type localtpy: "Ijoo.se giiiv<'l rear the summit of the Olympic Mountains in the
vicinity of the headwaters of (lie (Juilcene River."
Range: Olympic Mount:iins, Waslungton.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fletl 821 ; Mount Steele, Piper 2218;
Bnldy Peak, iMmh 1330.
Zonal di.stribution: Arctic.
8. Allium acuminatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 184. 1838.
Type locality: "Nootka Sound, plentiful." Collected by Menzics.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2499; Olympic Mountains, Flett 80;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2106; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898; Coupeville, Gardner 286;
Naciics, Lyall in 18f)0: Mount Stuart, Elmer, Augu.st, 1898; near Mount Adams, Flett 1 117;
Pcshastin, Sandhcrg cfe Leiherrj 498; Klickitat River, Flett 1115; Tieton River, Cotton 442;
North Yakima, //^TiY/er-son, May 29, 1892; EIIensburg,i5'/?«cr .397; Skagit Pass, TMke cfc Hull,
August 24, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 273; Pullman, Piper 1085;
without locality, Vasey 92.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8a. Allium acuminatum cuspidatum Fernald, Zoe 4: 380. 1894.
Type locality: Wawawai, Wasiiington. Collected by W. R. Hull.
PIPER FLORA OF THE .STATE OF WASHINGTON. 189
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, //m/Z 619; Clarkg Springs, JTreajrer 12.
9. AUium nevii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 231. 1879.
Type locality: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Nevius.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat River," Flett, 1116;
Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf 42; Yakima County, Henderson 2480, 2481; Wcnaclic Mountains,
Elmer 458; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiherfj 205; Henderson 2479; Wilson Creek, Sandherg &
Leiberg, June, 1893; without locality, Vasey 91; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1284.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Allium attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 110. 1858-62.
Type locai^ity: Mt. Shasta, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, iS'mZ:6(Zo// 60.
11. Allium macrum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 2.33. 1879.
Type locality: "Union County, Oregon, on rocky hills." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2325.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
12. Allium collinum Dough; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 228. 1879.
Allium fbrillum Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 24. 1902.
Type locality: "Abundant on the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 190, 193, 470.
.
Allium scilloides Dougl.«, collected by Douglas, at "Priest's Rapids, Columbia River,"
has not been recognizable from Watson's very brief description.
HOOKERA.
Anther-bearing stamens 3.
Flowers in umbels, long-pcdicelled 1 . 77. coronaria.
Flowei-s nearly sessile in a very short raceme 2. 77. jnilc/tella.
Anther-bearing stamens 6.
Stamens in one row; flov/ers whitish 3. 77. fiijacinthina.
Stamens in two rows; flowers blue or purplish.
Filament of inner stamens narrow 4. H. douglasii.
Filament of inner stamens broad.
Corolla lobes much shorter than the tube 5. 77. bicolor.
Corolla lobes about as long as the tube 6. 77. howeUii.
1. Hookera coronaria Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 98. 1806.
Brodiaea graruliflora Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811.
Type locality: "In California."
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Fleit 2104; Whidby Island, Gardner 284; near
Satsop, Heller 4031; Lake Park, Piper 2093; Tacoma, Flelt 906; Gate City, Henderson,
June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stuart Island, Lawrence 27.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Hookera pulchella Salisb. Par. Lond. under pi. 98. 1806.
Brodiaea congesia Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10; 3. pi. 1. 1811. .
Dichelostemma congestum Kunth, Enum. PI. 4: 470. 1843.
Type locality: "In Cahfornia."
a Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 229. 1879.
190 CO:NTmBUTlONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAKIUM.
Range: ^Vashillgto^ to Califocniu Wist of tlu' Cascades and Sierras.
Si'EriMENS examined: Whidbv Island, 6V/;(/;/<;- 2K?; Fourth Plain, Pt;>fr, ,1iilv H, lSt.9;
Alki Point, P(>/' ii. 1888: Capo lloni, Piper 4982.
Zonal ihstkibition: Humid Transition.
3. Hookera hyacinthina (Lindl.) Kunfzc-, Kov. Gen. PI. 2: 712. 1891.
Uesptrochordou hyacinlhirwiii Lindl. Bot. Keg. 16: under /. JUVd. 1829.
Ilesperochordum lactenm Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1639. 18;i3.
Ilesperochordon leuisii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 185. /. 198. 1839.
Brodiaea Inctea Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 2.'i8. 1879.
Type locality: "Native of the plains of the Missouri and of the north-west of An!cri( ii,
in which last country it was found by Mr. Douglas."
Ranoe: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens e.xamined: Ilumptulips, Lavd> 1282; Muckleshoot, Dr. RvTin; Whidhy
Island, ^^ord/ifr 282: Fidalgo City, ;'7</r21()7; Admiralty Head, A><t, May, 181)8: Tieton
River, Cotton ArA)\ Mount Stuart, Elmer 12()8; Peshastin, Sandberg ct* Leiberg, July, 1893;
Pullman, Pi]>er 1079, July, 1893; Lake 617; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal di.stribution: Transition.
4. Hookera douglasii (S. Wats.).
lirofUaea graiidi flora Smith, err. dot. Pursh, FI. 1: 223. 1814.
Trileleia graudifora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 undei /. 1203. 1829.
Brodiaea douglaidi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 237. 1879.
Type locality: "Northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
RanciE: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming, probably only to the ea.stward of the
Cascade Mountains.
Specimens exa.m!neu: Tampico, Flett 1121; Klickitat River, I'lett 14()9; Spokane,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 71 ; Spokane County, Suk.^dojf 455; Hangman Creek, Sandberg d' Lei-
berg 71; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Wawawai, Pi-per 1671; without locality, Vasey 87.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Hookera bicolor (Suksdorf.)
Brodiaea bicolor Suk.sdorf, West. Am. Sci. 14: 2. 1902.
Type locality: "In Falkenthal (Falcon Valley), Klickitat County, Washington." Col-
lected l)y Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimen.s examined; Wenache, Whited 1049; North Yakima, IJenderson 240G; with-
out locality, Va.'iey in 1889.
6. Hookera howellii (S. Wats.).
Brodiaea howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 301. 1879.
Type locality: "Klickitat County," Washington. Collected by Joseph Howell.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardricr 285; Tacoma, F/eW, June, 1896, Klicki-
tat County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 506, 62; Ellensburg, Piper, May,
1896.
Zonal distkibution : Transition.
QUAMASIA. Camas.
Perianth irregular, the segments 3 or sometimes 5-nerved; buds gibbous on
one side 1. ^. gi.fm af>h.
Perianth regular, the segments 5 to 9-nerved.
Segments usually 7-ncrved; capsules conspicuously nerved; flowers
blue or white 2. Q. hid u'l i.
Segments usually 5-nerved; capsules not conspicuously nerved; flow-
ers blue
-s.q. t.aLkurj i.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 191
1. Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 64. 1897. Camas.
Phalangium quamash Pursh, Fl. 1 : 226. 1814.
Camassia esculenta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18. i. i486. 1832.
Ttpe locality: On the Quamash Flats, that is Weippe, Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 508, 63; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Fort
Vancouver, G'arr?/ in 1826; EWenshurg, Whited, May 17, 1901; Klickitat River, Flett 1119;
without locality, Vasey 101; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 57; Pullman, Hull 622; Piper
1677, June, 1894; Elmer 821; Union Flat, Piper, May, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Quamasia leichtlinii (Baker) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 63. 1897.
Camassia esculenta leichtlinii Baker, Bot. Mag. t. 6287. 187Y.
Camassia leichtlinii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 376. 1885.
Chlorogalum leichtlinii Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 1 : 689. 1874.
Type locality: British Columbia. Collected i)y Jeffrey.
Range: British Columbia to Washington west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty
Head, Piper, April, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Quamasia suksdorfii (Greenm.) Piper.
Camassia suksdorfii Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 34: 307. 1902.
Type locality: Falcon Valley.
• Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, S7itsdo// 251, 509; nc&r Bingen, Suksdoif 2G63.
LILITJM. Lily.
1. Lilium parviflorum. (Hook.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 253. 1895.
Lilium canadense parviforum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1838.
Lilium columbianum Hanson; Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 243. 1875.
Lilium bakerii Purdy, Erythea 5: 104. 1897.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast, Columbia and Walamet Rivers." Collected by Douglas
and by Tolmie.
Range: British Columbia to North California, not east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Harford & Dunn, May 27,
1869; Clallam County, Elmer 2502; Olympic Mountains, Sargent, August 15, 1896; Monte-
sano. Heller 3972; Silverton, Bouck 187; Chehalis County, Lamb 1179; Pringle, June 27,
1877; ChehalisRiver, Lam6 1237; Twisp River, IfAited 176; Mount Rainier, Ptper, August,
1895; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 124; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 533;
Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 740; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 511; Roslyn, Whited 462; Stehekin,
Griffiths cfc Cotton 226.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Cooper referred this lily to the eastern L. canadense L.
FRITILLARIA.
Flowers yellow ; styles connate to the summit 1 . F. pudica.
Flowers brownish purple; styles distinct to the middle.
Capsules acutely angled; flowers much mottled 2. F. lanceolata.
Capsules obtusely angled; flowers obscurely mottled 3. F. camtschatcensis.
1. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825.
Lilium? pudicum Pursh, Fl. 1: 228. t. 8. 1814.
192 C'UNTKIUUTIONS FROM THE NATIQNAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "On the licailwattTs of tlic Missouri," juiortiiiig (o Piirsh, Init this is
prohal)ly an imtoi, as tlio U'wis s|xHiin('n in thi* Philadelphia Academy is from the Koos-
kooskec [ClearwattM-] River, Idaho.
KANtiK: British Cohnnhia to California and Utah.
Si'EiiMENS E.\A.MiXEi»: Klicivitat River, AY*// II14: White SalnnHi, Sukstloif 313;
Wenache, Whiltd 2. UW.); Cleahun, IleiuhrKon in 1S92: Fort Colville, Lyfll in ISGl;
Spokane. A/;('//>m/ d' Ldbriy 74; Puiinian, /'i/x/', July, 1893, IG73; Moore, May, 1893.
Zonal distkibution: Arid Transition.
2. Fritillaria lanceolata Pui-sli, Ki. 1 : 2;«). Ii>14.
Tyi'E L(kality: "On the lieatiwater-s of tiie Mi.s.souri and Columbia. " C»)lleeted by
Lewis. The Columbia sptuimen in the Philadelphia .Veademy is from lirant Island at the
foot of the (^aseades. The Mis.st)uri River hnality is prubably erroneous, as it is out of the
known range of the plant.
Ra\(;e: British Columl)ia to California ea.stward to we.stern Idaho.
vSi'E(i.MEN.s e.xa.mlned: Clallam County, AVwrr 2.'>()7: Orehartl I'oint, Pi/HT, .Inly, 1895;
Orcas Island, Ilemlersoti, July, 1S<»2; Admiralty Head, /'i/xr, April, 18J)8; Taeoma, Fleli
71: Ro.slyn, Wliited 3rA): Peshastin. Nr/mMm/ tt- Uilnnj FhU; White Salmon, iS«A-«/or/"312;
Major Creek, Siiks<lorf, June 4, ISStl; S<>miam(H> Bay, Lyall in 18.'X; Cioat Mountains,
Allen 235; Twisp River, Whital. July Ki, 189G; without locality, Vasey 88, 90.
Zo.NAL dlstkibltio.n: Transition.
3. Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-(lawl. Bot. .Mag. 30: under t. JjiW. 1809.
Liiium caintschatceiise L. Sp. PI. 1: Ii03. 1753.
Type l<k'ality: "Habitat in Canada, Cams<-hatea."
Range: Ala.ska to Washinfjton. Kamchatka.
Si'ECLMENs KXA.MINEI): Wliidby Island, (lardmr 281; Silverton, Bouck 1, 188.
Zonal dlstkibution: Canadian <
ERYTHRONIUM. .\i>uer'8 tonoue.
Leaves mottled ; flowers cream-<'oIor 1 . E. <jiijanteum.
Leaves not nu)ttled.
Flowers white; filaments liliform 2. E. vtontanum.
Flowers yellow.
Anthers purple 3. E. ffrandifiorum.
Anthers white 4. E. parviflorum.
1. Erythronium giganteuni Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: under t. 17811. 1835.
Enjthronuim grandijlorinu alhijlonini Hook Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 182. 1839.
Type locality: " North West America."
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Oregon west of the Ca.scadc Mountains.
Specimens e.xamineo: Whidby Island, Gardner 289; Admiralty Head, Piper, April,
1S98; Chimacum, Binns, June m, 1889; Seattle, Piper, April, 1889; Smith, April, 1889;
Clarke County, Suksdorf 2'.i27 : without locality, Henderson, May, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Our plant is clearly the E. girianteum figured in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (pi. 5714-)
which Hooker suspects is the E. giganteum Lindl.
We incline to the belief that the E. revolutum Smith,« collected by Menzies on "King
George's Sound" is the plant here called E. giganteum. But Mr. Carl Purdy retains that
name for a closely allied species ranging from the Columbia River to Mendocino County,
California, which may also range up the Washington coast to the vicinity of "King
George's Sound," i. e., the Gulf of Georgia.
"Rees' Cyclopedia 13: no. 3. 1809.
*PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 193
2. Erythronium montanum S. Wat^. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: I'M. 1891.
Type locality: "Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams, etc."
Range: Ca.scade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2496; Olympic Mountains, Piper, 2220;
Henderson 2038; Mount Kainicr, Piper 2118; Para^lisc Valley, Flett 256; Goat Mountains,
Allen 83; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 11, 1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 456.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, Fl. 1: 231. 1814.
Erythronium grandiforum minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 182. 1839.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee, " Idaho. Collected by Lewis. The exact spot
is opposite the present town of Kamiah.
Range : British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1676, June, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Erythronium parvifiorum (S. Wats.) Goodding, Bot. (iaz. 33: <)7. li)02.
Erythronium grandiflorum parviflorum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 129. 1891.
Type locality: " In the mountains from Colorado and northern Utah to British America,
in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and in the Cascades of Washington and Britisii Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2491; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2039«; Silverton, Bouck 189; Mount Rainier, Piper, 2100; Flett 2(j0; Goat Mountains,
Allen 82; Klickitat River, Flett 1118; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; near
Ellensburg, W^/u'fed, April, 1897; Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1053; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
LLOYDIA.
1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Ilort. Brit. ed. 2. 527. 1830.
Anthericum serotinum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 444. 1762.
Lloydia alpina Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 328. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Angliae, Helvetiae, Taureri rastadien.si.s, Wal-
laesiae."
Range: Arctic regions, southward in th(> mountains to Washington, Nevada, and (VjIo-
rado. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 850; Mount Baker, Flett 861; Mount
Baldy, Conard 285.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
CALOCHORTTJS.
Flowers pink or purple, erect.
Petals acute or acuminate, yellow ai base 1. C. mac.rocarpus.
Petals obtuse or truncate, ocellate at base.
Flowers 2 to 2.5 cm. long; petals denticulate 2. C. longeharhatax.
Flowers 3 to 4 cm. long; petals entire 3. C nitidus.
Flowers white or yellowish, nodding.
Petals pale yellow, sparsely hairy inside; gland naked . . 4. C. apiculatvt^.
Petals white, very hairy inside, broadly ovate; gland more or
less covered by a scale.
Petals obtuse
;
pods nodding.
Stems 5 to 15 cm. high; scale deeply lacerate 5. C. elegnns.
Stems 20 to 40 cm. high; scales subentire.
29418—06 m 13
194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sepals each with a conspicuous purple pit at b»vse;
anthers caudat« at apex 8. C stibaipinus.
Sepals without pit at base; anthers merely acumi-
nate C. O. purdyi.
Petals narrowly ovate, acute; • pods erect 7. C. lyallii.
1. Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 276. /. S. 1830.
Tyi'K i.w.vi.i'Ti": "Dry hiirren grounds around the Great Falls of the Columbia, and on
the suinmit of the low hills between them and the Grand Rapids." Collected by
Douglas, June, 1825.
R.\N(.e: British Columl)':a to Idaho and California.
Specimens exajhined: White Salmon, Svksdorf in 1879; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in June,
186(): Egln^t Springs, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 409; without local ty, Vasey i^i; Kreager 391;
KlU'Usburg, A7Mi«r393; near Ellensburg, VFA?7«/ 539; Pi/^r, July, 1897; VVenache, Whited
1269; Cowiche Crwk, Cotton 462; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July,
1894; Steaml)oat Rock, McKay 21 ; Alkali Lake, Sandberg ti' Leiherg, July, 1892; Pullman,
Like it Hull, July, 1892; Piper 1681; Waitsburg, Horner 463; lllia, Lake <& Hull, June
1892.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Calochortus longebarbatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: ;«1. 1882.
Tyi'E locality: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, W'ashington. Collected by Suksdorf
Range: KTickitat County and adjacent Oregon.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 64;
Klck.lat Valley, Howell 5G{); Klickitat River, Flett 1123.
Tiiis .species differs constantly from C. nitidus in producing a bulblet on the stem at the
surface of the ground.
3. Calochortus nitidus Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 277. /. 9. 1830.
Calochortus pavonaceus Fernald, Bot. {,\&z. 19: 335. 1894.
Type ixkjality: "On the chain of the Blue Mountains and mountainous districts of
the Columbia, from the confluence of the Spokane River upwards." Collected by
Douglas.
Ranoe: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaiio.
Specimens exa.mined: Pullman, Pi]}er 1680, Henderson 2484; Union Flat, Lake dk
Hull 618.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Calochortus apiculatus Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875.
Type L<x;ALrrY: "Cokimi)ia brittan'ca ad monies IVnd Oreille ct Kootenay." Col-
lected by Lyall. This must Ihj very clo.s<' to where Washington, Idaho, and British
Columbia meet.
Ranue. Washington, Idaho, and Briti.sh Columbia.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Miss Kate Reed; IVnd Oreille and Kootenay rivers,
Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
5. Calochortus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 240. 1814.
Calochortus elegans minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: lS;i. 18.'i9.
Calochortus elegans mapr Hook. loc. cit.
Type locality. "On the headwaters of the Kooskooky," Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
The exact place is opposite Kam'ah, Idaho.
Range: Washington, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Hull 8l\;. Henderson 2483; Wenache, Whited 40, 1139.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition to Canadian.
Small specimens of this species have been refer:( d e. ro;.(ousiy to 6'. elegans nanus Wood.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 195
6. Calochortus purdyi Eastwood, Pior. Cal. Acad. 111. 1: Ki?. 1898.
Tyi'K locality: Grants Pass, Oregon, Coliocted by Ilowell.
Range: Western Washington and western Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June 4, 1883; Meany, June, 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Calochortus lyallii Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875.
Calochortus ciliatun Robinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 238. 1893.
Type locality: "Columbia brittaniea ad apicem nionts alt. 5,800 pedes inter fluv.
Columbia et Yakima." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Eastern Washington, in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Naches River, Henderson 2485; Mount Stuart, Sandhenj &
Leiherg 575; Wenache Mountains, WUted 1139, 40; Cotton 12(56, 1313, 1657; Wenache
region, Brandegee 1107; without locality, Vasey 82.
Zonal distuibution: Iludsonian.
A specimen of E. ciliatus from the Wenache Mountains, the typt; locality for each sup-
posed species, was sent to Mr. J. G. Baker, who reports that it "is not exactly the saiiie"
as the type of C. lyallii, "as it differs in tlie relative length of anther to filanu^nt." A
fairly large series of specimens convinces me that two species can not be maintained as
distinct on such a basis.
8. Calochortus stibalpinus sp. nov.
Bulbs ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, the outer coats dark; stems flexuous, erect, 15 to 20 cm.
high, usually exceeded by the solitary leaf, 1 to 3-flowered; leaf linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, 3 to 8 mm. wide, paler beneath; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2 to 3 cm. long;
sepals lance-ovate, acuminate, somewhat scarlous on the margins, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long,
6 to 9-nerved, the base strongly arched forming a shallow pit inside, this marked by a
purple spot; petals cream-colored, purplish at base, obovate or rhombic-orbicular, 2 to 3
cm. long, slightly erosc at margin, sparsely villous over the upper face above the striate
minutely puberulent gland excepting a narrow portion near the apex; scale narrow, entire,
extending in a gentle curve nearly across the petal and covered with long, retrorse hairs;
filaments broadly wing-margined, equalling the long-beaked anthers; capsules nodding,
narrowly elliptic, rather acutish at each end, 2 to 3 cm. long, beaked by a style 1 to 2
mm. long.
A subalpine species closely allied to C. purdyi Eastwood, which diU'ers in having thinner
sepals lacking the pit at the base, more villous petals without the naked apical area, less
villous scales which are very .strongly arched, a much thinner perfectly smooth gland, and
merely acuminate, not beaked, anthers?
Specimens examined: Wa.shington: Mount St. Helens, Coville 765, July 18, 1898;
Mount Adams, Henderson 52; Klickitat River, Flett 1124; Skamania County, Suksdorf,
August 11, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 1, August
1881.
Oregon: Mount Hood, A. Wood in 1866; Gorman, September 23, 1896; Dr. C. H. Mer-
riam, altitude 6,0(X) to 7,000 feet in 1896; Howell in 1881 (type, in U. S. National Her-
barium); Three Sisters, Gorman 121, July 21, 1903, altitude 6,000 feet.
This species was included in C elegans nanus Wood by its author, but the type of that
came from near Yreka, California, and is quite different from this subalpine or alpine
northern species. In Howell's Flora of Northwest America this species is well described,
but under the name C. lyallii Baker, which belongs to a very different species. The species
has also been confused with C. apiculatus Baker.
MELANTHACEAE. Bunch-flower Faisiily.
Anthers 1-celled; leaves neither rigid nor equitant.
Leaves broad; petioles sheathing; flowers in a large panicle. . Veratrum (p. 196).
iaves narrow, grass-like.
196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers erect, each st^gincnt bearing a gland at base Zygadenus (p. 197).
Flowers nodding; perianth segments glandless Stenanthiiim (p. 197.)-
Anthers 2-celled; leaves rigid or equitant.
Leaves equitant; pedicels bracteolate Tofielda (p. 196).
Leaves not equitant, harsh and rigid; pedicels naked Xerophyllum (p. 197).
^
VERATRTJM. False hbllbbore.
Flowers green; panicle drooping 1 . V. viride.
Flowers white; panicle erect.
Terminal branch of the panicle much elongated 2. V. caudatnm.
Terminal branch of the panicle rather short 3. F. californicuia.
1. Veratnim viride Ait. llort. Kew 3: 422. 1789. (Jreen uki.lebmke.
Veratrum Ivbelianum eschscholzianum Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7: 1555. 1830.
Verairum e^cJuschoUzii Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4: 119. 1837.
Type uxjality: North America.
Range: Alaska to New Bmnswick southward to Washington, Minnesota, and Cicoigia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.501 ; Cascade Mountains, latitude -19°,
Lijall in 1860; Mount Rainier, Pijyer, August, 1895; Skamania County, Sakxdoif 213;
Mount Ad&xna, Suktidorf H5; near Skagit Pass, Lake tfc IIuU 609; Bridge Creek, Elmer 665;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 18%.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Veratrum caudatum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: .588. 1899r
Type loc;ality: "In wet meadows at Monte^sano, Chehalis County, Washington."
Collected by Heller.
Range: Western Washington.
Specimens examined; Montesano, Heller -1013; Seattle, PijH'r 1101; Chehalis River,
lAimh 1236.
2ioNAL distribution: Humid Transition.
This may bo merely a form of V. califomicum Durand, but the plant is somewiiat diHerent
in habit.
3. Veratrum califomicum Durand, Journ. Ai-ad. Phila. 3: 103. 18.54.
White iielleboke. Plate XX.
Veratrum speciosujn Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: .531. 1900.
Type locality: California. Collected by Pratt.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 65; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 174;
North Fork Atanum, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Peshastin, Samlhery c& Leiherg 518;
Wenache, Whited; Palouse, Ilemlerson, July 15, 1892; Pullman, Piper; without locality,
Vaney 99; Mount Carlton, Kreager 263.
2^)NAL distribution: Arid Transition.
Veratrum califomicum Durand is described as having petioled leaves, but the type
.ijK'cimen clearly shows that the so-called petiole is only a part of the sheathing base.
TOFIELDIA.
1. Tofieldia intermedia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 528. 1900.
Type locality: "Sheh-Shooh Lake, Alaska."
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2504; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2243,
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 18.59; Mount Rainier, Piper 2133; Flett 291
Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 21A; Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1890; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1227
Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August 31, 1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5\Q; Lake Wenache,
Sandberg <& Leiherg 629; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc HuU 610; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XX.
White Hellebore (Veratrum californicum).
A common plant in the moist flats and vales of the Arid Transition area. Photograph by
A. B. Leckenbv.

PTPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 197
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Iludsonian.
This species has been confused with botii T. glutinosa (Miclix.) Pers. and T. occidentalis
S. Wats.
STENANTHIXJM.
1. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 40.5. 1873.
Stenanihella occidentalis Rydherg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900.
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Bourgoau.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 137; Piper 2226; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Clallam County, Elmer 2503; Silverton, Bouck 188a; Goat
Mountains, Allen 233; Cascade Mountains, nendermn, July, 1892; Cape Horn, Howell in
1877; Piper 4966.
Zonal distoibution: Arctic to Canadian.
XEBOPHYLLTJM.
1. Xerophyllum. tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gon. 1: 235. 1818. Pine lily.
Ileloniastenax Pursh, Fl. 1: 243. 1814.
Type localiit: "On the high lands near the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis,
June 25, 180(5, on which date he was on Collins [Lolo] Creek, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2505; Skokoniish Valley, Kincaid, June,
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Carlton, Kreager 273.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
This plant was formerly much used by the Indians in basketry work. It ranges in
altitude from near the sea level in Mason County to 6,000 feet on Mount Rainier. On the
Lolo Trail, where Lewis collected the type, it is exceedingly abundant, often covering
hundreds of acres. It is also known as bear grass and squaw grass.
ZYGADENUS.
Petals 8 to 10 mm. long; gland obcordate 1 . Z. elegans.
Petals 6 to 8 mm. long; gland obovate.
Inflorescence paniculate
;
petals acute 2. Z. paniculatua.
Inflorescence racemose
;
petals obtuse 3. Z. vene.noints.
1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 241. 1814.
Type locality: "On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit River, near the Rocky Moun-
tains" [i. e., Big Blackfoot River, Montana]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and
Vermont.
Specimens examined: OlympicMountains, FZett 109; Wenache Mountains, TF^iiwZ 718;
Wenache Region, Brandegee 1112; Loomis, Elmer 597.
2. Zygadenus paniculatus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 343. 1871.
Type ix)cality: "Oregon and Washington. Frequent on the foot-hills of the Virginia,
Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch."
Range: Washington to Nevada and Montana.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Ellensburg, Whiied 3.54,
Piper 2671; Ellensburg to Wenas, Whited 276; Wenache Valley, Whited 85, 10.54; Falcon
Valley, Sulcsd^rf 704 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton .577, 366; between Coulee Cii • r_:::l
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; without locality, Vasey; Waitsburg, Horner B4L'3.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
3. Zygadenus venenosus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 279. 1879. Death camas.
Type locality: Salinas Vallov, "among hills," Monterey County, California, according
to the label on the type specimen. Collected by Brewer.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimexs examined: Clallam County, Mmer 2493; Humptulips, ZamJ 1185; Whidby
Island, Gardner 294: Lope?, Island, LyaU in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 893; Admiralty Head,
Pi}wr, May, 1898: Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Snoqualmie, Smith 1060; Steilacoom, Piper
211; Mucklcshoot Prairie, Ruhn: Spokane Valley, LyaU in 1861; Falcon Valley, Sul-xthrf
515; Klickitat River, Flett 1120; Pullman, Pi}ier 1672, Elmer 8S\; without locality,
Vn.'<f>i i;i 1889.
Zonal nusTUinuTioN: Tran.sition.
Thi.s sjx>cie.«i as here accepted is quite variable, but none of the forms seems susceptible
of .secjrepation. The western Wa.shington forms are more nearly typical, having the ghmds
of the perianth very distinctly limited. The poiscmous qualities of the bulb of this plant
are certainly much exaggerated, if indeed there is any real basis in fact for its reputed
virulence.
The Washington specimens referred by Hooker " to Leimanthium nuttaUii and by
C«Ki|XT & to AniicUa nuttaUii and A. douglanii are with little doubt Zygadenus venenosus.
CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily of the valley Family.
Ijcaves reduced to scales; branches thread-like, gretm Asparagus (p. 202).
Leav«'.s foliaceous; branches not thread-like.
Plant pnKlucing but one flower.
Leaves three in a whorl. Trillium (p. 1 98).
Leaves all basal, not whorled Clintonia (p. 199).
Plant producing several to many flowers.
Inflorescence a raceme or panicle.
Perianth segments six Vaonera (p. 199)
.
Perianth .segments four UNiFf)LiUM (p. 200).
Inflorescence an umUd or flowers solitary.
Flowers terminal on the branches, solitary or umbellcd. Dlsporum (p. 201).
Flowers axillary, usually .solitary.
Perianth narrowly campanulate Stuei'topus (p. 201).
Perianth rotate. Kruhsea (p. 202).
TRILLIUM.
Flowers white, l)ecoming purplish, peduncled.
Leaves rhombic-ovate; rhizome horizontal; petals much longer
than the .sepals 1 . 7'. nmtum.
Leaves ovate; rhizome vertical; petals scarcely longer than the
.sepals 2. T. crassifoUuw.
Flowers .sessile.
Leaves sessile, mottled
;
petals whitish 3. T. Moroj>etahim.
Ijeaves petioled, not mottled; petals brown-purple 4. 7'. feiiolatit in
.
1. Trilliuin ovatum Pui-sh, Fl. 1: 245. 1814. WAKE-uonm.
Trillium ohnvatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1839.
Type i>ocality: "On the rapids of the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis, Aj^ril 10,
i800, on which date he was at the foot of the Cascades of the Columbia.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
a Flora Bor. Am. 2: 177. b Pac. R. Rep. 12^: 09.
PIPER FLORA OF TTTE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 109
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2498; Port Ludlow, Binns, March 30,
1889; Silverton, Bouck 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 58; Piper, August, 1895;
Tacoma, FZett 75; Easton, WTitted 295; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
c& Leiberg 770; without locality, Vasey 85; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 188.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2. Trillium crassifolium Piper, Erythea 7 : 104. 1899.
Type locality: "Foothills near Wenatcheo," Wash. Collected hy Whited.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, WMted, April, 1899; May, 1900.
3. Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 661. 1902.
Trillium sessile cMoropetalum Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 151. 1856.
Trillium sessile californicum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 273. 1879.
Type locality: "Redwoods," California.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Roy, Flett 2223.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Trillium petiolatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 244. 1814.
Type locality: "On the waters of the Kooskooskee." Collected by Lewis, June 15,
1806. On that day Lewis was on the Lolo River, Idaho.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Sarulberg cfc Leiberg, May, 1893; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 457 ; Spokane hills, LyaU in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1674; Elmer 125.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
CLINTONIA.
1. Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth, i:num. PI. 5: 159. 1850.
Smilacina borealis unijlora Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7^: 307. 1829.
Smitadna unijlora Menzi&s; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 175. t. 190. 1839.
Type locality: "In ora occidentali Americae borealis." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Cahfornia and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Olympic Mountains, Grant in
1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 74; Sil-
verton, Bouck 180; Mount Rainier, Flett 262; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc I^eiberg .560;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July and October, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake tfc Hull 612; Peshas-
tin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; between Spokane and Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 184, 229; without locality, Vasey 98.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
VAGNERA.
Flowers numerous, small, in panicles.
Styles nearly as long as the ovaries 3. F. amplexicaulis.
Styles very short 3a. V. amplexicaidis hrachystyla.
Flowers larger, few, in racemes.
Leaves flat and spreading 2. F. sessilifolia.
Leaves folded, ascending 1. F. stellata.
1. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem.. Torr. Club 5: 114. 1894.
Convallaria stellata L. Sp. PI. 1: 316. 1753.
iSmZaciTia sfeZtota Dcsf. Ann. Mus. Par. 9: .52. 1807.
Type locality: Canada.
200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washinsrton to Labrador, soutli to California, New Mexico, Iowa, and Penn-
sylvania.
Specimens examined: Ellenshurj;;, Whiied IVA ; Ixorth Yakinia, Leckenhy, May, 1898;
Blue Mountains, Homer 194.
2. Vagnera sessilifolia (Baker) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.
Tomria sesftilifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. So<\ 14: .%(]. 1875.
Smilacina nexinlifoHa Nutt; Wats. Proc. Atn. Acad. 14: 245. 1879.
Smiheina sttllata seftftUifolia Ilendei-son, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900.
T\PE i^ocALiTi': "America Iwrcali-s occidentalis a Columbia brittanica ad Califomiam
et Mexicimi Novum."
Ranoe: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam Count}-, Elmer 2495; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
LyaH in 1S58; near Lake Cii.sbman, Pijier, August, 1895; Silverton, BoiicJc 185; Valley of
Ni.s(jually, Allen 37; Tacoma, Flett 90; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 173; Iwilcon Val-
ley, .S'Hit.s-(/o// 172; Skokomish River, A'/ncaiV/, May, 1892; Wenache Mountains, WhHed
1052; Sunnysido, 6'o/toH 374; Klickitat River, Flett 1122; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock
Creek, Saiullterg d* Ijciberg 126; S|)okane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, llendevmn, June,
1892; Almota Creek, Pijter, May, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 117; Pi-per, July, 1900; //1//Z6I6;
Waitsljurg, Horner 195; without kx-ality, Va.iey ; Clarks Springs, Kreager 45; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 221, 252.
ZoNAi, ni.sTUiBi'Tio.N: Transition.
3. Vagnera amplexicaulis (.\utt.) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.
Smilacina amjJericeivli.s Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 18.34.
Smilacina racemosa amplexicaulis Wats. Bot. King Explor. 345. 1871.
Vagnera brachyjtetaln Rydln-rg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 268, 1901.
Type uh-amty: " In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the
Columbia River." Collected by Wyeth.
RAN(iE: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.5f)0; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1345; Coupe-
ville, Gardtier 2<X); Tacoma, Flett 203; Silverton, Bouck 186; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
1006; Wenache, Wlnted 1051; Lake Wenache, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 648; Lake Chelan,
Lake tfr Hull, August 15, 1892; Pend Oreille River, T.yall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 15, 1896; Mount Cariton, Kreager 271.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A variable species distinguishable with diflTiculty from T'. racemosa (L.) Morong.
3a. Vagnera amplexicaulis brachystyla (Henderson).
Smilacina racemosa brachystyla Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 357. 19(X).
Type ixk:\iaty: "In the Yakima country," Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, EZmsr 810; Moore, June, 1893; Ap^r, July 20,
1899.
tTNIFOLITTM.
1. Unifolium bifolium. kamtschaticum (Gmel.).
Com'ollana bifolia kamtscliatica Gnu !.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 587. 1831.
Maianthemum bifolium dilatatum Wood, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1868: 174. 1868.
Type locality: Kamtschatka.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Pimr
200; Tacoma, Flett 197; Nisqually Valley, AUen 73; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 20,
1886; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This plant was referred to Smilacina bifoliah. in Hooker's Flora and to Smilacina Irifolia
trifolia in Cooper's List.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 201
DISPORUM.
Perianth broad at base ; stigma 3-cleft 1. D. smithii.
Perianth narrowed at base.
Fruit ovate, pubescent ; stigma .entire 2. D. oreganum.
Fruit globose, papillose; stigma 3-cleft 3. D. majus.
1. Disporum smithii (Hook.).
Vvnlana smithii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. t. 189. 1838.
Prosaries menziesii D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 48 1839 (December) or 1840.
Disporum menziesii Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 188. 1888.
Type locality: "Nutka Sound." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to north California, near the coast.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1039a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 2.5,
1893; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 13, 1892; without locality, Vasey 97.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Disporum oreganum (S.Wats.) Benth. & Hook.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 659. 1902.
Prosartes oreganam S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 271. 1879.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2497; Lake Cushman, Piper, August,
189.5; Nisqually Valley, Allen 148; Cascade Mountain.s, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861 ; Tacoma,
Flett, May, 1896; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 51^; along Salmon RivCr, Horner 472; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 1110; Fort Vancouver, Tol-
mie; Lake Wenache, Sandherg & Leiberg 644; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; foot-
hills of Blue Mountains, Horner 189; without locality, Vasey; Frontier, Kreager 468.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Disporum majus (Hook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 188. 1888.
Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1839.
Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 344. 1871.
Type locality: "Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort." Collected
by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Z?o?/c)t 181; along Tvvisp River, Whited, July, 1896;
Falcon Valley, Swtoio?/ 901 ; Conconully, Whited 1321; Wenache, Whited 69; Clealum,
Whited 422?; Spok&nc, Piper 228.5, 2268; along Salmon River, Horner 473; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 310; Clarks Springs, Kreager 1.30.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook, has been associated with P. oreganum Wats., but mis-
takenly, since the latter species does not range east of Idaiio. A Richardson specimen in
the Gray Herbarium perhaps of the type collection is unriuestionably P. trachycarpuin
Wats. We have, therefore, no hesitancy in giving the synonymy as above.
STREPTOPUS.
Leaves glaucous beneath, half-clasping; flowers greenish 1 . j9. amplexifolius.
Leaves green on both sides, sessile; flowers, rose-colored 2. S. roseus.
1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 174. 1805.
Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 304. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat in Bohemiae, Silesiae, Saxoniae, Delphinatus mon(ii)us."
Range: Alaska to Labrador and southward to Arizona and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, L?/«7/ in 10.59: Coiipeville, 6^rt/r/-
ner, May 25, 1897;'Silverton, Bouck 182; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma, /'/(//, 204 ; Stevens
202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pass, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 737; near Skagit Pass, Lakedk HuU 615; Lake Wenache, Sandberg
cfe Leiberg 646; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey 104; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 254, 191.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Streptopus roseus Michx. Fl. 1: 201. 1803.
Strej^topus currifys Vail. Bull. Torr. Club. 28: 267. 1901.
Type ixx'ai.ity: "Ilab. in e.xcelsis montibus Carolinao soptentrionalis et in Canada."
Range: Aia.ska to Oregon, Ijabrador, and Georgia.
Specimens e.xamined: Ca.soade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Lake Cushmnn,
PijH-r in 1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 12, 1895; Silverton, Bond- IS?; Skamania
County, Si/iWorf, August 10,1886; Mount Adams, Sui'.srfor/' 44; Stampede Pa-ss, //pm/yjrson,
April 10, 18f>2; Stevens Pass, WhiUd 1460; Simcoe Mountains, Hoiwfi in 1879; Na.son City,
Samlhfrg tfr Leiberg 652.
ZoNAi, distribition: Humid Transition.
The western form of this species is commonly smaller than that of the eastern States,
and shows a tendency to pnxlucc longer rhizomes, Imt we Ix'lieve tlu\se dilferences are not
specific, especially &s rhizomatous forms occur also in the Alleglieny Mountains.
KBUHSEA.
1 . Knihsea streptopoides (Lcdeb.) Kearney in Herron, Explor. in Alaska, Adj. Gen. Off.
31: 74. 1901.
Sniilacina streptopoides Ledel). Fl. Ross. 4: 128. 1853.
Kruhfiea tilingiarui Regel, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11: 122. 1859.
Stre/ilopus brevipes Baker, Joum. Linn. Soc. 14: 592. 1875.
Type ix)CAMn-: "Ilab. in Silxria orientali pr. Ajan! inque in.sula Sitka."
Range: Alm^ka to Wa.shington. Siberia.
Specimens e.xamined: Cacsado Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859.
Zonal distbibution: Canadian.
ASPARAGUS.
1. Asparagus oflacinalis L. Sp. I'l. 1: .313. 1753. Asparagus.
Tlio cult! vat «'<1 a^iparagus quickly escapes from cultivation and becomes more or less
established. This is especially true in somewhat alkaline lands in the Yakima Valley.
IRIDACEAE. Iris Family.
Flowers very large; styles petal-like Iris (p. 202).
Flowers moderate; styles filiform.
Filaments united to the top; flowers usually blue Sisyrinchium (p. 203).
Filaments united only at base; flowers never l)lue.
Flowers yellow; styles cleft to the middle Hydast\'lus (p. 204).
Flowers red; styles cleft near the top Olsynium (p. 204).
IBIS.
Stems leafy ; bracts green, not .scarious 2. I. tenax.
Stems leafless ; bracts largely scarious 1 . /. missouriensis.
1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834. Plate XXI.
Iris tobnieana Herbert, Bot. Beech. Voy. 396. 1839.
' Iris caurina Herbert; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 206. 1839 (November).
Type ix>ca lity: "Towards the sourcx^s of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: vVhidby Island, Gardner 278, 426; Ellensburg, Whited, May,
1897; Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XXI.

PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 203
Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 100; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893;
Elmer 824; Piper 1683; Wcnas, Griffiths cfe Cotton 67.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Arid Transition.
Some Washington specimens have been referred to Iris longipetala Herbert, but all such
seem to us forms of /. missouriensis. The occurrence of this species on Whidby Island is
surprising. No other station for the plant is known west of the Cascade Mountains.
2. Iris tenax Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1218. 1829.
Type locality: "A common plant in north California and along the coast of New
Georgia, in dry soils or open parts of woods, flowering in April and May." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3876; Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper 4943.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
SISYRINCHITJM. Blue-eyed grass.
Bracts of the spathe linear, equally narrow, the inner exceeding the
flowers, the outer much longer 1. 5. sarmentosum.
Bracts of the spathe dissimilar, the inner broader than the outer and
always shorter than the flowers.
Perianth-segments 4 to 7 mm. long, white or pale; leaves and
stems 0.5 to 1 mm. wide 2. S. septentrionale.
Perianth-segment.s 12 to 18 mm. long, blue.
Stems usually 2-branched - - 3. S. birameum.
Stems always simple.
Leaves 1 to 3.5 mm. broad, firm; stems 1 to 3 mm. wide . 4. S. idahoense.
Leaves 0.5 to 1.5 mm. broad, soft; stems 1 to 1.5
mm wide 5. S. segetum.
1. Sisyrinchiurti sarmentosum Suksdorf, Erythca 3: 121. 1895.
Type i>ocality: Skamania County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2233.
2. Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 452. 1899.
Type locality: Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia.
Range: Assiniboia to Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: "Spokane to Colville," Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842.
3. Sisyrinchium birameum sp. nov.
Loosely tufted, 40 to 50 cm. high, the herbage discolored in drying; stems smooth,
erect, winged, the principal ones branched above, 1 to 2 mm. broad; leaves firm, erect,
rather few, about half the height of the stem, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute; cauline leaf when
present 8 to 10 mm. long, the two peduncles usually exceeding it; bracts of the spathe
subcqual, lanceolate, purplish, the inner 2 to 2.5 cm. long, always shorter than the pedicels,
the outer often of the same length, sometimes a half longer, both hyaline-margined and
attenuate-acute; flowers 2 to 5 on slender, erect pedicels; perianth dark blue with a yellow
eye, its segments 12 to 15 mm. long; stamincal column 5 to 6 mm. long; ovaries glandular-
puberulent; capsules globose, 4 to 5 mm. broad; seeds black, foveolate, 1 mm. long, the
angles irregularly winged.
Collected in swamps near Vancouver, June 5, 1905, no. 4926, the type in the National
Herbarium. The species is closely allied to S. idahoense Bicknell, but its frequently
branched stems scarcely permit its association therewith. Typical S. idahoense occurred,
however, in drier ground near by and it is possible that our plant is merely a luxuriant
branched form of that species.
204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Sisyrinchium idahoense Bicknoll, Bull. Torr. Clul) 26: 44.5. 1899.
Type ixx^ality: Kootenai County, Idaho. Collected by Lciherg.
Ranoe: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3883; Pros-ser, IlemUrson 2.543; Ellensburg,
WhitedA^; Pullman, Pi>r 1684; HuUGOS; Elmer 213, ^5; Wma^, Griffiths tb Cotton 78;
Satus, Cotton 1119; Vancouver, Piper 4938.
Zonal distkibi-tion: Arid Transition.
This species was formerly considered the .same as the ea.stern iS'. mucromiinm Michx.,
under which name several references to our flora occur.
6. Sisyrinchium segetum Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 449. 1899.
Type ixx-ai.ity: S(>altle, Wjushington.
Rancje: Wa.shinjiton and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, fMiub 1170; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898;
Scuttle, Pi>T, May, 1892: Meany UK); Coupovillc, Gardner 283; Tacoma, Flett 187;
Olympia, Henderson 2.542.
Zonal distkibition: Humid Traasit ion.
Very near <S. idahoerute, but perhaps distinct by its narrower and thinner leaves and
stems.
HYDASTYLUS.
Pedicels 10 to 1.5 mm. long; leaves 2 to .5 mm. broad 1. H. hrachypus.
Pedicels 1.5 to 20 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 mm. broad 2. //. borealift.
Tlie.se two supposed species are very similar and probably not distinct. Heretofore they
have l)een referred to Sisijrincfiiiim californicuni Ait., a species that docs not occur so lar
north. More material of these two forms is neccs.sary to determine their status.
1. Hydastylus brachypus Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: .379. 1900.
Type l<kai.ity: "Oregon." Collected by K. Hall.
Range: Coasts of Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMEN.S examined: Oyhut, iMtnb 1251; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Gran-
ville, f'onarrf 410.
Zonal dlstkibi'tion: Humid Transition.
2. Hydastylus borealis Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 378. 1900.
Type umality: Whatcom County, Wa.shington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Coast of Washington and Vancouver Island.
Specimens exa.mined: Whatcom County, Gardner 411; Suksdorf 1004.
2jONal distribition: Humid Transition.
OLSYNIUM.
1. Olsynium grandiflorum (Dougl.) Raf. New Fl. Am. 1: 72. 1836.
SisyrincJiium grandiforum Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: /. ISGJf. 1830.
Type locality: "Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the river Columbia." Collected hy
Douglas in 1826.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Whidby I.sland, (?ar(/ner 279; between Ellensburg and Wenache,
Vihited .58; North Yakima, Mrs. Steimreg in 1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1112; Hangman
Creek, Snndhery dk Leihery 34; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; Elmer 74; Piper, April, 1894,
June, 1893; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths cfc Cotton 133; Spokane, Piper.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 205
ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family.
Pei-fcct an'Jicrs 2; lip large, sac-like Cypripeuium (p. 205).
Perfcc aniher 1.
Plants saprophytic, without green herbage.
Flowers spurred, reddish oi white Coralloriiiza ( p. 20G).
Flowers spurless, white Cephalantiiera (p. 206).
Plants with ordinary green herbage.
Flower and leaf solitary; plant bulbous Cytuerea ( p. 207 ).
Flowers several to many in racemes.
Leaves only two.
Both leaves caulinc; lip 2-lobed Opiirys ( p. 207 ).
Both leaves basal; lip entire Leptorcius (p. 208).
Leaves more than two.
Cauline leaves reduced to bracts.
Basal leaves several, white-reticulated. . Peramium (p. 208).
Basal leaves two, green and shining Lysias (p. 208).
Cauline leaves not reduced to bracts.
Anther on the face of the column.
Stem leaves abruptly reduced; lat-
eral sepals adnate to the base of
thelip PiPERiA (p. 208).
Stem leaves gradually reduced ; lat-
eral sepals free Limnorciiis (p. 209).
-- Flowers spirally arranged in a dense
spike IiuuiuM (p. 211).
.\nthers on tlic sunuiiit of the column.
Flowers in a loose leafy raceme F^pipactis ( p. 211 ).
CYPRIPEDIUM. Lady's slipper.
Lip about 1 cm. long; flowers greenish brown I C. fasciculatum.
Lip 1.5 to 5 cm. long; flowers not greenish brown.
Flowers yellow; lip 1 .5 to 3 cm. long 2. C. jxirvijlorum.
Flowers brown, with a white lip 3 to 5 cm. long 3. C. morUanum.
1. Cypripedium fasciculatum Kellogg; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 380. 1882.
Type locality: "On the White Salmon Kiver above the falls," Washington. Collected
by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sukudoif 900, 310, May, June, ?88G; Wen-'
ache Region, Brandecjee 1095.
2. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 77. 1791.
Type locality: "Sponte nascentem in Virginia."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to Washington, Mis.souri, and (ieorgia.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Sandbenj <& Leiherg 125; Suksdorf 94(j; Spo-
kane, Piper, May, 1897; Henderson 2478.
Our western form corresponds to C. Jlavescens DC. in Redoute, Lil. 1 : ;>/. '20. 1802,
questionably distinguishable by somewhat narrower leaves and with the lip a little com-
pressed laterally.
3. Cypripedium. montanum Dough; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 528. 1840.
Type locality: "Ilab. in America boreali-occidcntaH." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 572; Wenachc Mountains,
Whited 152; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Kalispel Valley, Kreager in 1902; Mount
206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Carlton, Kreatjer 285; Spokane, Henderson, Juno, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake i£* Hull G23;
Pullman, Carl Cozier, June, 1901; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZosAL distribution: Transition.
COBALLORHIZA. Cok.vl boot.
Spur none ; petals and sepals purple, veiny 1 . C. i^triata.
Spur present.
Petals and sepals pale, 1-nerved ; spur very short 2. C. corallorhiza.
Petals and sepals ;i-nerved ; spur prominent.
Spur wholly at t aelied to t he ovary 3. Cm uUiJlora.
Spur free for its apieal half 4. C. inertensiana.
1. CoraUorhiza striata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840.
Type locality: "llab. in America lM)reali-<K'eidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Ka.nuk: British Columbia to New York, soutli to California.
Si'KciMKXS E.\A.MiNEu: Wliidbv Island, (»«;<//i<T 27(); Admiruity 1 lead, /^/yxr, April, 1898;
Taeoma, Flett 53; Koy, Allen, May 19, 1889; near Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 59; Blue Mountaias, Lake <& Hull 785.
Zonal uistriiution: Humid Transition.
2. Corallorhiza coraUorhiza (L.) Kai-st. Deutsch. Fl. 448. 1880-83.
Ophrys corallorhiza L. Sp. PI. 2: 945. 1753.
Corallorhiza innata R. Br. in Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2. 6: 20;). 1813.
Type ix)cality: Europe.
Ran(}e: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Nebraska, and (Itnirfjia.
Specimens e.xamineu: Skanninia County, Suksdorf 57\); Larni liiver, Huksdurf 171;
Blue Mountains, Homer 4(59; Piper.
Zonal distribi'tion: Canadian.
3. Corallorhiza multiflora occidentalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840.
Type locality: California.
Ranoe: British Columbia to California.
Speclmens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2553; Chehalis County, Lamb 1163;
upper Valley Nisqually, J//cn 33; Mount Ranier, Flett 280; Admiralty Head, Piper, May,
1898; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Roy, J//cn.June, 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
189(5; Horner 4(58; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Bij? Meadow, Kreager 414, 420.
Zonal DLsfRiauTiON: Transition and Canadian.
4. Corallorhiza mortensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petcrsb. VI. 2: 165. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Ahvska to California.
Specimens exa.mined: Clallam County, Elmer 2554; Baldy Peak, Jjamh 1292; Mount
Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Ni.scpially Valley, Allen 234; Skamania County,
Suksdorf, July 25, 1886; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
2jONal distribution: Canadian.
CEPHALANTHERA.
1. Cephalanthera austinae (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Chloroea austinae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 83. 1876.
Cephalanthera oregana Reiclienb. Linnaea 41 : .53. 1877.
Type locality : "Banks of a wooded ravine in the Sierra Nevada, California, near Quincy
in Plumas Co." Collected by Mrs. R. M. Austin.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 207
Specimens examined: Upper Nisquallj' Valley, ^IZ/en 149; FAho, Flett 289; Falcon Val-
ley, Suksdt>7f 900; Wind River, Flett 1109; Blue Mountains, Piper 2428; Green River Hot
Springs, Piper in 1887.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
CYTHEREA.
1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 382. 1905. Calypso.
Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. PI. 2: 9.51. 1753.
Calypso horealis Salisb. Parad. Load. t. 89. 1806.
Cytherea horealis Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 301. 1812.
Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28. 1842.
Calypso bulbosa "forma occidentalis" Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herl). 3: 251. 1895.
Calypso occidentalis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 193. 1898.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Maine.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper 193; Tacouia,
Flett 111; Olympia, Cooper; Roy, Allen, April 19, 1889; Blue Mountains, I/onur 407.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The western form of this species has the haire on the lip white instead of yeilcjw. It
grows commonly in places carpeted by llypnum, but we have never found it occurring in
Sphagnum, as it does in the New England States.
OPHRYS.
Column very short, 5 mm. long 1. 0. cordata.
Column 2 to 3 mm. long.
Lip 5 mm. long; ovary glabrous 2. (). caarina.
Lip 9 mm. long; ovary glandular 3. 0. convallariaides.
1. Ophrys cordata L. Sp. PI. 2: 946. 1753.
Listera cordata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 6: 201. 1813.
Listera nephrophylla Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae frigidae sylvis humentibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Westport, Lamb 1093; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, J^i/dll
in 1859; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandbery tfe Leibery 78U;
Ilwaco, Piper 4951; Seattle, Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Ophrys caurina (Piper) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905.
Listera caurina Piper, Erythea 6: 32. 1898.
Listera retusa Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Type collected by Hendei-son.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County^ Elmer 2548; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1295; Mount
Baker, Flett 865; Skamania County, Suksdorf 232Q ; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 380;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July, 1892. /
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Ophrys convaUarioides (Sw.) W. F. Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 380. 1905.
Epipactis convallarioides Sw. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hand!. Stockh. II. 21: 232. 1800.
Listera convallarioides Torr. Comp. 320. 1826.
Type locality: "E. Terra Nova Amer. .sept."
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, sgyth to California and Vermont.
208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1402; near Mount Rainier, Smith,
August, 189(); Lake Wenache, Sandhtrg tfr Ijeihenj 641; Blue Mountains, Piper 2426;
Davis raneh, Kreaijer 301
.
Zonal uistbibution : Canadian.
LEPTOKCHIS.
1. Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM. Met. Minn. 173. 1893.
Ophnjs loeselii L. Sp. PI. 2: 947. 1753.
LifHiri.s loeselii Riehard, Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 60. 1818.
Type i.<K"Ai.nT: "Habitat in Sueciae, Borussiae paludibus."
Rance: Wa-shington to Nova Seotia, south to Missouri and Penn.sylvania.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suks<lorf, June 2J5, August, 1881.
PERAMITJM.
1. Peraniium decipiens (lliK)k.). RAriLESNAKE plantain.
Spinintlits decipiens Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1839.
Cioodijera menzie.tii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 492. 1840.
Peramium meiizu/tii Morong, Mem. Torr. Clui) 6: 124. 1894.
Type ixk-autt: I^ake Huron.
Ran(je: British (.'olunihia to QueU'ej south to California and New York.
vSpeci-Mens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Stuittle, Pifxr in 1885; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Ayr/// in 1859 60; Railroad Creek, Elmer 860; Nis(|ually Valley,
Allen 32; vSkagit Pa.ss, Ixtke ct Hull 78<); without locality, 1'a.sei/ in 1889; Davis ranch,
Kreager 2(K); I.4ike Kalis|K>l, Kreager 340.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LYSIAS.
1. Lysias orbiculata (Pursli) RydU-rg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901.
Orchis orbicidafa Pursh, Fl. 2: 5S8. 1814.
Ilabenaria orbiculata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: t. 145. 1825.
Platnnthera memiesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orel). 286. 1835.
Type ixhality: "On the mountains of iVnnsylvania and Virginia."
Ranue: British Columbia to .Newfoundland, soutli to Washington and North Carolina.
Speclmens examined: Mount Baker, Elett 867; Monte Cristo Lake, Misses Coffin tfc
Gomlspeed, August, 1895; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, LijaU in 1859; Green River Hot
S|niiigs, Pii)er in 1887; without locality, Vaseij in 1889; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 342.
Zonal distbibution : Canadian.
PIPERIA.
Spur short, slightly exceeding the lip 1. P. unalaschensis.
Spur slender, 2 to 3 times as long as the lip.
Lip linear to lanceolate.
Spike loose; lip 4 to 5 nun. long; spur 8 to 10 nun. long 2. P. leptopetala.
Spike dense; lip 6 nmi. long; spur 15 to 18 mm. Ion 3. P. muitijlora.
Lip ovate to ovate-lanceolate.
Spike usually loose; stems 40 to 70 cm. high 4. P. elegans.
Spike very dense; stems stout, 20 to 30 cm. high 5. P. michaeli.
1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Spiranthes unalaschensis Spreng. Syst. 3: 708. 1826.
Habenaria schischmareffiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 29. 1828.
Habenariajoetida Wats. Bot. King Explor. 341. 1871.
Type locality: "Ins. Aleut,"
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 209
Range: Alaska to California, eastward to Alberta and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2552; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Pifer in 1885; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; McAllisters Lake,
Henderson, June, 1892; Brooklyn, Savage 19; Twisp River, Whited, July, 1896; Nason
Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiherg 617; Mount Stuart, Sandherg c& Leiberg 568; Mount Rainier,
AUen; Klickitat River, Henderson, August, 1892; Wind River, Flett 1111; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2. Piperia leptopetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 637. 1901.
Type locality: "Mountains east of San Diego," California. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Nisqually River, Wilkes Expedition 146; Point Orchard, Piper
1081 in part.
This supposed species may prove to be only a form of P. elegans.
3. Piperia multiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 638. 1901.
Type locality: Grays Harbor, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.
Range: Washington to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842; Cascade Moun-
tains, Brandegee 475.
Like the preceding, this may have to be reduced to P. elegans. Good suites of specimens
in this group are needed to clear up the species.
4. Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Platanthera elegans Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 285. 1835.
Habenaria elegans Boland. Cat. PI. San Franc. 29. 1870.
Piperia elongata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. in America boreali-occidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 275, 271; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper, August, 1891; Tacoma, Flett, June 20, 1896; Mount Adams, Henderson 68;
Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Haven's ranch, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Simcoe
Mountains, Howell 352; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 647a; Blue Mountains, Piper
August 2, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 199.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Piperia michaeli (Greene) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 640. 1901.
Habenaria michaeli Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 306. 1894.
Type locality: "Open hills, under oaks, etc., from near Livermore southward," Cali-
fornia.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition \55A\n^&ri; Nisqually River,
Wilkes Expedition 146 in part.
lilMNORCHIS.
Flowers green or sometimes purple-tinged.
Spur clavate, much shorter than the lanceolate lip; spike
long and dense 1 . L. strida.
Spur not clavate, about as long as the lanceolate lip; spike
short and dense 2. L. virldijiora.
J^lowers white or whitish.
Lip linear; spike loose, few-flowered 3. L. laxijiora.
Lip lanceolate, broadest at base.
29418—06 M^—14
210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spur clavate, usually shorter than the lip 4. L. dilaiaia.
Spur not clavate, longer than the lip.
Spike moderately dense ; spur acutisli 5. L. leucostachys.
Spike very dense ; spur obtuse 5a. L. leucostachys robusta.
1. lamnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 105. IIMX).
PlatarUhera stricta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orc-h. 288. 1835.
Habenaria ffracUis Wats. Proc. Am. Aciid. 12: 277. 1877.
Type ixicauty: " In America l)oreali-<)coidentali." (^oUectod l)v Douglas.
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2549; Mount Rainier, Smifh 874; Piper
2()94; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Pi})er,
June, 1889; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; uppt^r Nisqually Valley, Allen 70; Mount
Adams, Sulsdorf 41 ; Wind River, Flett 110; Skagit Pass, ImIcc <& Hull 024 in part; P:ilens-
burg, Whited 5."}2; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
302; Lake Wenache, Sandherg d' Leiberg 047; ilwaco, Piper 5001; Kreager 189; Green
River Hot Springs, Piper 415.
Zonal distribition: Transition to Hudsonian.
2. Limnorchia viridiflora (Cham.) Rydberg. Bull. Torr. Club 28: 010. 1901.
Habenaria borealis viridijlora Cham. Linnaoa 3: 28. 1828.
Type ux'ality: "In Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Spokj^ne County, Svksdorf 452.
Perhaps not distinct fmm L. hyjierborea {L.) Rydb. {Habenaria hyperhorea R. Br.), to
which it has In^en referred.
3. Limnorchia laxiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: IVM. 1901.
Type locality: Coast Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Or(>gon to Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Eastern Washington, without Kwality, Wilkes Expedition.
4. Liinnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901.
Orchis dilatata Pursh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814.
Habenaria dilatata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: <. 95. 1825.
Habenaria borealis Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.
Type locality: Labrador.
Range: Alaska to New England, Colorado, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Stevens Pass, Whited
1840; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1213; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2298.
6. Liinnorchis leucostachys (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 100. 1900.
Plaionthera leucostachys Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835.
Habenniia leucostachys Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 134. 1880.
Type licality: " In ora occidentali Americae septentrionalis." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to California and Utah.
Specimi.vs examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.551; Blue Mountains, Lake cfe Hull,
July, 1892; Waitsburg, Homer 188; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Homer 402.
Zonal pistribltion: Transition.
6a. Linmorchis leucostachys robusta Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 020. 1901.
Type localiti-: "Washington." Collected by G. R. Vasey in 1889.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 291, July, 1897; Olympia, Heller 4040; Kincaid,
July, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 75; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 024 in part; Wenache
region, Tweedy, July, 1883; Mount Stuart, Sandherg cfe Leiberg 570; Ellensburg, Whited
532, 098; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1350; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1890; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 195; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal pisteibution : Transition and Canadian.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 211
IBIDIUM.
Lip much dilated at the apex, the basal swellings small 1. /. romanzoffianum.
Lip little dilated at the apex, the basal swellings large 2. /. porrifolium.
1. Ibidium romanzoffianum (Cham.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129. 1906.
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 32. 1828.
Oyrostachys romanzoffiana MacM. Met. Minn. 171. 1892.
Gyrostachys stncta Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900.
Type locality: " Unalaschka."
Eange: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, Colorado, and New York.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 272; Cascade Mountains 49°, Lyall in
1859; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Haven's ranch, Henderson, August, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 125; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stevens Pass, Whiied 1439; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 471; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 337; without locality.
Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1888.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was referred to Spiranthes cemua in Hooker's Flora and in Cooper's Report.
Subalpine forms of it from sphagnums bogs are much smaller and with short spikes.
2. Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905.
Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840.
Gyrostachys porrifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 664. 1891.
Type locality: " In Louisiana."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 3, 1881.
EPIPACTIS.
1. Epipactis gigantea Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 202. t. 202. 1839.
Type locality: "N.W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky
Mountains. Douglas. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler."
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2^50; Rock Island, Sandberg d^ Leiberg
453; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1091; Spokane County, Suksdorf 240; Seattle, Tar-
leton; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 301.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
SALICACEAE. Willow Family.
Stamens 1 to 5 in ours; bracts entire Salix (p. 211)
Stamens numerous; bracts fimbriate Populus (p. 217).
SALIX. Willow.
Trees with furrowed bark ; stamens 5 or more , aments on short leafy
branchlets.
Petioles slender, glandless; leaves broadly lanceolate 1.5. amygdaloides.
Petioles short, bearing glands; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
Leaves pale beneath, attenuate from the middle 2. S. lasiandra.
Leaves green beneath, long, attenuate nearly from the base . 2a. S. caudata.
Shrubs, rarely trees, with smooth or at least not furrowed bark; sta-
mens 2 or 1.
Stamen 1 ; aments appearing before the leaves ; leaves very silky
beneath, entire 21. S. sitchensis.
Stamens 2.
Scales of the aments pale; leaves narrow, appearing before
the aments.
212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stigmas long and slender.
Leaves canesoent, becoming glabrate 3. S. sessilifoiia.
Leaves silvery-velvety on both sides 7. S. macrostachya.
Stigmas short* and thick.
Capsules pubescent b. S. argojJiylla.
Capsules glabrous.
Leaves canescent, at least when young, entire
or denticulate Q. S. exigua.
Leaves green, glabrous, pale beneath, usually
prominently serrate 4. 5. melanopsis.
Scales of the aments dark (pale in 5. hehhiana); leaves ap-
pearing with or after the aments.
Capsules glabrous.
Low shrub ; leaves entire 8. 5. myrtUloidea.
Taller shrubs: leaves serrulate.
Leaves nut shiny above nor glaucous beneath,
subcordate 9. 5. cordata.
Leaves glaucous beneath, shining green above,
not subcordate 10. 5. piperi.
Capsules pubescent.
Tall shrubs or trees, not alpine.
Aments .sessile, appearing with or before the
leaves.
Scales black.
Style none.
Capsule pubescent II. S. scouleriana.
Capsule tomentose 12. iS. hookeriana.
Style elongate IS. S. bella.
Scales pink or pale li. S. bebbiana.
Aments peduncled, appearing with the narrow
leaves 15. S. geyeriana.
Low alpine shrubs.
Stems erect, 1 to 2 meters high.
Leaves glabrous above, glaucous beneath. 16. S. barclayi.
Leaves pubescent on both sides 17. S. commutata.
Stems prostrate.
Leaves acute at each end 18. -S. tenera.
Leaves obtuse, reticulate-veiny.
Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, aments many-
flowered 19. 5. saximoniana.
Leaves .5 to I cm. long, aments 3 to
12-flowered 20. S. nivalis.
1. Salix amygdaloides Andere. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 53. 1858.
Type locality : " Fort Pierre, Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuArscfor/, June 20 and 22, 1883; Yakima
County, Ticeedy in 1882; Wawawai, Piper 1932, 3591; Almota, Piper 1776.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Salix lasiandra Benth. PI. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Salix lasiandra lyallii Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895.
Salix lyaUii Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898.
Type locality: "Ad flumen Sacramento," California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 213
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3856; Clallam County, Elmer 2429; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 20, 1§86; Cowlitz, Engelman <& Sargent, August 16, 1880;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 109; Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull, August 12, 1892; Stehekin,
Griffiths & Cotton 191.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Hooker (Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 148) erroneously referred our plant to 8. lucida Muhl.
2a. Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 43. 1893.
Salix pentandra caudata Nutt. Sylva 1 : 61. 1842.
Salix fendleriana Anders. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Foerh. 15: 115. 1858.
Salix lasiandra fendleriana Bebb in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 84. 1880.
Type locality: "By streams in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains toward their
western slope, in Oregon, and also in the Blue Mountains of the same territory."
Range: British Columliia to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 332; Wenache, Whited 1044; Cottonwood
Creek, Vqsey in 1901 ; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901 ; Mabton, Cotton 369; Cascade Mountains,
Watson 368; Rock Lake, Sandberg <fc Leiherg 111; Ritzville, Sandberg <& Leiberg 197;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 197; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896; Waitsburg,
Horner 449, 450; Pullman, Elmer 835; Piper 1775; Hull 768; without locality, Va^ey in
1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 539; North Yakima, Griffiths ck Cotton 60.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 68. 1842.
Type locality : " On the rocky borders of the Oregon at the confluence of the Wahlamet."
This species is included in Suksdorf's list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.
As it is abundant at the mouth of the Willamette, however, it will certainly be found on the
north bank of the Columbia.
4. Salix melanopsis Nutt. Sylva 1 : 78. 1842.
Type locality: "At Fort Hall * * * q^ the alluvial lands of Lewis River,"
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper cfe Smith 614; Yelm Prairie, Piper,
August 5, 1889; Trout Lake, Suksdorf 36, 38, 37; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 35; North
Yakima, Elmer 1081; Conconully Creek, Griffiths cfe Cotton 315; Foshsist'm, Sandberg c&
Leiberg 480; Spokane, Piper 3522; Wawawai, Piper 2915, 3597, 3.593.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
6. Salix argophylla Nutt. Sylva 1: 71. 1842.
Type locality: "On the Boise River, toward its junction with the Shoshonee," Idaho.
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 34, 6; North Yakima, Hender-
son, May 26, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths c& Cotton 276; Cow Creek, Griffiths <& Cotton 528;
Sprague, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 134; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Salix exigua Nutt. Sylva 1 : 75. 1842.
Type locality: "A native of the territory of Oregon." According to Nuttall this species
grows with S.fiuviatilis Nutt. on " the immediate border of the Oregon below its conflu-
ence with the Wahlamet."
Range: Washington, Oregon, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 333; Crab Creek, Lake & Hull 767; Thorn
Creek, Vasey in 1901; Pullman, Piper 3585; Almota, Piper 3586; Wawawai, Piper 3596,
1774, 3594.
214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
This difTers from S. argophylla only in its glabrous capsules, and intermediate examples
are abundant.
7. Salix macrostachya Nutt. Sylva 1 : 72. 1845.
Type ux'ality: "On the banks of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and probably Oregon.
Specimens exa.mined: Wawawai, Piper 2916, 3592, 3595.
Zonal distribi'tion: Upper Sonoran.
A very rare species. All the above specimens are staminate, no pistillate bushes having
been seen.
8. SaUx myrtilloides L. Sp. PI. 2: 1019. 1753.
Type uxality: " Habitat in Sueoia .septentrionali."
Range: Arctic n^gions southward to Washington and Connecticut. Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 672; Mount Adams, Hemlernon, August 5, 1892;
FlettUAS: IlenderaonialSaS; McAllisters Lake, //eWermm, June 22, 1892; White Salmon,
Suksdorf in 1879.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
This species ck-curs only in sphagnum bogs.
9. Salix cordata Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Naturf. Berlin 4: 236. 18a3.
Type locality: Peniusylvania.
Range: British Columbia to New Bruaswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 559; North Yakima, Jlenderson, May 26, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 1014, 1020; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Cre-ek, Vasey in
1901; North Palouse River, Tflwi/ in 1901 ; Spokane Valley, H^a/^on 373; Hangman Creek,
Samlherg <{• lA'iberg 29, 6, 11; without locality, Bmiulegee 1080; Almota, Piper, May 29,
1894: Pullman, Piper 3588; Elmer 111; Pros.ser, Griffiths cfc Cotton 14; Wenache Moun-
tains, Griffiths* d- Cotton 109; (kmconully, Griffithn tfe Cotton 318; Riverside, Griffiths &
Cotton »)9.
Zonal di.stribution: Transition.
10. Salix piperi Bebb, Gard. & For. 8: 482. 1895.
Type uk-alit\': Seattle, Wa.shington.
Range: Wa.shington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ho<|uiam, iMmh 1004; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Olympia, Hender-
son, August 23, 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Spokane, Piper, September 3, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1777, 3587, 3598; Columbia River, Suksdorfin 1886.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
All the Wa.shington specimens that have been referred to S. lasiolepis bigelovii (Torr.)
Bebb seem to belong rather to S. piperi, which Is perhaps only of aubspecific rank.
11. Salix scoiileriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838.
Salix flavescens Nutt. Sylva 1: 65. 1842.
Salix mdtallii Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.
Salix capreoides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858.
Type locality: "North West America, on the Columbia. Dr.Scovler. Fort Vancouver.
Tdmie."
Range: Vancouver Island to Assiniboia, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 1267; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Cotton-
wood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Wenache, Whited 7; Larm River, Suksdorf 24, 25; White
Salmon, Suksdorfin 1879; Fort- Vancouver, Tolmie; Seattle, Engelmann cfc Sargent, July 18,
1880; Piper in 1890; without locality, Brandegee 1084; Spokane Valley, Watson 367,372;
Spangle, Piper 3012; Wilson Creek, Lake <fe Hidl, September 1, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 215
tfc Hull, August 24, 1892; Almota, Piper 1931; Pullman, Piper 2923; Elmer 84; Waitsburg,
Horner 448;
*
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
An exceedingly variable species as to foliage and habit, but in floral characters apparently
not capable of being divided. In rich soils it often becomes a tree 10 to 20 meters high
and 15 to 40 cm. in diameter. The young leaves and bark have a peculiar fetid odor.
Owing to the fact that Tolmie's specimens were a mixture of this species and of 8. sitchensis
Sanson, some botanists have discarded the name scouleriana. It is, however, not probable
that the real types, namely, Scouler's specimens, were similarly a mixture, hence the action
is not justifiable. Barratt's original types seem to be lost.
12. Salix hookeriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838.
Type locality: "Near the Grand Rapids of the Sashatchewan, rare. Douglas. North-
west Coast of America. Scouler." The former locality is doubtless erroneous.
Range: Near the seashore, Vancouver Island to southwestern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1035; Cohasset Beach, Lamb 1126;
Long Beach, Henderson, September 6, 1891; Seattle, Piper 887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Salix bella Piper, Bull. Torr. Club. 27: 399. 1900.
Type locality: Garrison, Whitman County, Washington.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1342; Spokane, Piper 3517; Garrison,
Henderson, October 14, 1895, August 18, 1895, May 5, 1896, April 4, 1896; Piper 2922,
3590; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 11, August, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
14. Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. cS: For. 8: 463. 1895.
Salix rostrata Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 753. 1823, not Thuill. 1799.
Type locality: British America, latitude 54° to 64°.
Range: British Columbia to Ontario southward to Pennsylvania and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Lower Eraser Valley, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suhsdorf21, 43, 44; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901 ; North. Palouse River, Vaseij in 1901
;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 325; Coulee City, LaJce c& Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane,
Watson 370; Spokane Valley, T^Tjall in 1860; Hangman Creek, Samlherg db Leiberg 12; Pull-
man, Piper 1772, 3589; Elmer 72; without locality, Vasey in 1889: Wenache Mountains,
Griffiths cfc Cotton 105; Conconully, Griffiths cfe Cotton 309; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths cfe
Cotton 428.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
15. Salix geyeriana Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 63. 1858.
Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Sylva 1: 67. 1842, not Trautv. 1832.
Type locality: "Ilab. Missouri v. Oregon." Collected by Geyer.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 673; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; upper Ni.s-
qually, Allen 107; Olympia,, Henderson in 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Atanum
River, Flett 1345, 1352; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Columbia banks, Nuitall.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Salix barclayi Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 66. 1858.
Salix conjuncta Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888.
Type locality: Kodiak, Ala.ska.
Range: Alaska to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2427; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2163, 700; Smith 701; Mount Adamn, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Suksdorf;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 721; Skamania County, Suksdorf 22; Bridge Creek,
Elmer in 1897; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1530.
^onal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
216 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Salix commutata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 110. 1888.
Type locality: Alpine bogs, Eagle Oreek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountain.s, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Smith, August, 1890; Ca.scade Mountains, 1,940 meters altitude, Tweedy; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg d' Leiberg, 757.
Zonal distribi'tios: Arctic and Hudsonian.
17a. Salix coramutata mixta nom. nor.
Salix commutata sericea Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888, not 5. sericea Muhl.
Ti'PE locality: "North side of Mt. Hood," Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, Augu.st, 1890; Flett 112; Horseshoe
Basin, r^ike d- Hull 765.
17b. Salix commutata denudata Bol)l), Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888.
Type ixxai.ity: Eagle Creek meadows, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, Tmedy in 1882.
Salix commutata differs in but slight and .s«>emingly inconstant characters from S. bardayi.
Additional material and field study is needed to dear up their relationships.
18. Salix tenera Anders.; IK'. Prod. 16-': 288. 18()4.
Ti'PE loc;ality : " Ad Cascade Mountain, Lat. 49°, alt. 7,000 ped." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Ca.scade Mountains, Washington and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18()0; mountains north
of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1083; Mount Rainier, Flelt 2118.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
19. Salix saximontana Rydberg, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 261. 1899.
Type ixx;ality: Grays Peak, Colorado.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, F/«« 2119.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Probably not specifically distinct from S. niixUis.
20. Salix nivalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 152. 1839.
Type uxality: "Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 2278.
Zonal dkstribution: Arctic.
21. Salix sitchensis Sanson in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersh. VI. 2: 162. 1832.
Salix cuneata Nutt. Sylva. 1: 66. 1842.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to middle California, eastward to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2428; Seattle, Piper 557; Smith in 1889;
Tacoma, Flett 31; Nisqually, Allen 108, White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Atanum River,
Flett 1346; Mount Adams, Suksdorf SI; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 24; Skagit Pass,
Lake cfe Hull 809; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 720; Spokane, Sandberg <fc Leiberg, May,
1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 72; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896;
Stehekin, Griffiths ds Cotton 243.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
Salix chlorophylla Anders. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stock. 6: 138. 1867. Imperfect speci-
mens of a willow collected by Suksdorf on Mount Adams, July 31, 1883, and in the
mountains of Skamania County, September 6, 1883, are referred to this species with much
hesitation.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 217
Salix cinebea L. Sp. PI. 2: 1021. 1753. Anderson a refers thus, but doubtfully, a
specimen collected by Geyer (no. 636) in "thickets along rivulets, Columbia River Valley
near Fort Colville," said to be " 15-20 feet high, shrubby." Hooker b calls the same
specimen S. grisea? We have not seen the specimen, but suspect it to be a form of S.
hebbiana.
Salix longifolia Muhl. does not occur in our limits, all such references pertaining to
closely related species.
POPTJLUS.
Bark smooth; petioles flattened; capsules oblong-conic, smooth LP. tremidoides.
Bark rough; petioles terete; capsule globose, hairy 2. P. trichocarpa.
1, Popxilus tremtiloides Michx. Fl. 2: 243. 1803. Aspen.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada et Noveboraco."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Missouri, New Mexico, and
California.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 391; Darling Mountains,
FleU 1350; Pullman, Piper; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 104.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Two apparently distinct aspens occur in eastern Washington and we suspect that neither
is good P. tremvloides. The herbarium material is, however, very imperfect and the settle-
ment of the problem must await more field study and better collections.
2. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Icon. 9: t. 878. 1852. Cottonwood.
Populus baJsamifera y Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 154. 1839.
Type locality: Santa Clara River near Buenaventura, California. Collected by Parry.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg <& Leiberg 394; Atanum River, FleU
1343; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1343; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Colfax, Piper,
August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1791; Wenas, Griffiths <k Cotton 69.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
In Cooper's report this tree was referred to Populus angustifolia James, a species that is
not known in Washington.
Populus balsamifeba Ait. has several times been ascribed to Washington, but there
are no specimens to substantiate the ascription, all thus referred so far as seen being
P. trichocarpa.
MYRICACEAE. Sweet Gale Family.
MYRICA.
Leaves evergreen, 5 to 10 cm. long; tree 3 to 6 meters high 2. M. californica.
Leaves deciduous, 2 to 5 cm. long; shrub about 1 meter high L M. gale.
1. M3rrica gale L. Sp. PI. 2: 1024. 1753. Sweet gale.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Washington, Michigan, and New York.
Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Weiser Lake, -Sw^sdor/" 1003; Ilwaco, Henderson 2164; Seattle,
Piper in 1887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
2. Myrica californica Cham. Linnaea 6: 535. 1831.
Type locality: " Ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae."
Range: Seacoasts, Washington to California.
aProc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858. b Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 372. 1855.
218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Cohasspt, Lamb 1122: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892;
Westport, Heller 394: Henderson, June 2^, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4952.
2k)NAL distribution: Humid Transition.
BETITLACEAE. Birch Family.
Fruit a nut inclosed in a leafy involucre Cokylus.
Fruit cone-like, without involucre.
Cone scales deciduous : Betula.
Cone scales persistent Alnus.
CORYLTJS.
1. Corylus californica (A. DC.) Rose, Gard. & For. 8: 263. 1895. Hazel.
Corylus rostrata californica A. DC. Prod. 17'^: 133. 1864.
Corylus americana Walt. err. det. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12-': 68. 18<)0.
Type ixx-ality: Santa Cruz, California.
RAN<iE: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3971 ; Seattle, Piper 189; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1214; Sumas, Lyall; Fort Colville, Watson; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Box
Canyon, Kreager 410; Kettle Falls, Beattie dk Chapman 2191.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
BETULA. BiBCH.
Branchlets glandular-warty.
Shrub al>out 1 meter high; leaves glabrous I. B. glandulosa.
Shrub or tree 3 to 6 meters high; leaves sparsely pul)escent 3. B. microphylla.
Branchlets not glandular-warty; tree with gray bark 2. B. occidentalis.
1. Betula glandulosa Michx. Fl. 2: 180. 1803.
Type localiti': "Circa lacus, a sinu lludsonis ad Mista.ssins."
Ranoe: Oregon and Colorado to New England and northward.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
May 25, 1891; tacoma,F/W< 29; Steilacoom, Piper 183; McAllisters Lake, //em/srson, June
22, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1344.
2j0Nal distribution: Canadian 1 Always found in sphagnum bogs.
2. Betula occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 155. 1839.
Beiula piperi Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 31 : 165. 1904.
Type locality: "Straits of De Fuca." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1888; Everson, Piper, September,
1892; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Tukanon River, Lake cfe Hnll, July 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; ten miles
southwest Pullman, Piper 3807.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is the Betula lutea Michx. ? of Suksdorf's List.
A variable tree as it occurs in Washington and perhaps only a subspecies of the eastern
B. papyrifera. Typical occidentalis occurs in northwe.stem Washington, where it is a rather
dark-gray barked tree, occasionally 3 feet in diameter. The very similar tree in Stevens
County and in the Blue Mountains is somewhat smaller in size and often white-barked. The
name Betula piperi was meant by its author to apply to the third unnamed species in the
Flora of the Palouse Region, but the specimen actually cited is the eastern Washington form
of B. occidentalis Hook.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 219
3. Betula microphylla Bunge, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2 : 606. 1835.
Betula fontinalis Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 :239. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. ad Tschujae ripam in deserto curaico," Siberia.
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, south to California and New Mexico. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1003; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 790; Spokane,
Sandherg cfc Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 76; Pullman, Elmer 882;
Touchet River, Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896; Almota, Piper 1642, April 20, 1895;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; ten miles southwest of Pullman, Piper 3808, 3806; Con-
conully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 317; Wenache, OriffitAs & Cotton 149; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths cfe Cotton 380.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The Almota specimens form the basis for the third unnamed species in the Flora of the
Palouse Region. This is a tall graceful tree with drooping branches, appearing very dif-
ferent from the ordinary form ,of B. microphylla, and probably distinct from it.
ALNXTS. Alder.
Leaves simply denticulate, not at all lobed \. A. rhombifdia.
Leaves doubly dentate and more or less lobed.
Peduncles slender, longer than the cones; shrub with shining leaves. 2. A. sinuata.
Peduncles shorter than the cones; leaves dull.
Winter buds acute; leaves rusty pubescent on the veins beneath. 3. A. oregona.
Winter buds obtuse ; leaves pubescent but not rusty 4. A. tenuifolia.
1. Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 33. 1842.
Type locality: Monterey, California.
Range : British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Bingen, Sulcsdorf 224; S&tus Creek, Brandegee 1078; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1635, May 2, 1897; September 9, 1896; Wa-
wawai, Piper ; Elmer 896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 190. 1897.
Alnus viridis sinuata Regel in DC. Prod. 26^: 183. 1868.
Type locality: Kamchatka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
July 4, 1897; Baldy Peak, Lam6 1341 ; Olympia, //e/iderson; Steilacoom, Cooper; Silverton,
Bouck 168; Nisqually Valley, Allen 309; Klickitat River, Flett 1347; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, June 20, April 10, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 609; Bridge Creek,
Elmer TW; Blue Mountains, Piper 2415; without locality, Fasej/ in 1889; Stehekin, (rnJ^^As
cfe Cotton 218.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian to Transition.
A species of wide altitudinal range, most abundant along subalpine streams, but occa-
sionally occuring at sea level. It is usually a shrub, but sometimes truly arborescent. It
has been confused with the eastern A. viridis DC.
3. Alnus oregona Nutt. Sylva 1: 28. 1842. Red alder.
Alnus rubra Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1837, not Betula-alnus rubra
Marsh. 1785.
Type locality: "In our progress to the west we first observed this tree on the borders
of the Rivers Boisee and Brulee, which pass into the Shoshonee not far from Walla Walla,
and at intervals it continues more or less common to Point Chinook, near the shores of the
Pacific." Nuttall has here confused two species, as A. oregona occurrs only west of the
Cascade Mountains.
Range: Alaska to middle California in the coast region.
220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2759; Hoquiam, Lamh 1022; Olympia,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, AUen 211; west Klickitat County,
5uJt«dor/"2184.
2k>NAL DISTRIBUTION : Humid Transition.
For illustration s«e Plate VIII, facing page 41.
4. Alnus tenuifoUa Nutt. Sylva 1: 32. 1842.
Alnus incana virescens Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 81. 1880.
Alnus occidentalis Dippel, Handb. Lauhh. 2: 158. 1892.
Type locauty: "On the borders of small streams within the range of the Rocky Moun-
tains, and afterwards in the vallies of the Blue Mountains of Oregon."
Range: BritLsh Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Pesha.stin Creek, Watmn 363, October 16, 1880; Peshastin, Sand-
berg db Leiberg 543; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2\^^, 2183; Ellensburg, Whited 256; Elnier
413, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 52, 1002: Atanum River, Flstt 1351; Pleasant Valley,
Lake d: Hull, August 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896, Septcmter 3, 1896; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman, Piper, Augu.st, 1896, January, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Krenger 226.
ZoNAi. IH.STRIBITTION : -Vrid Transition.
FAGACEAE. Beech Family.
Iiwolucre 1-flowered, becximing a scaly cup Quercus.
Involucre 1 to 3-flowered, becoming a prickly bur Castanopsis.
QUEBCUS. Oak.
1, Quercus garryana Dougl.; IUK)k. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839.
Qutrnis jacobi R. Br. Campst. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 7: 255. 1871.
Qxurcus gUberti Greene, West Coast Oaks 77. jil. S7. 1889.
Type locauty: "Plentiful on plains near Ft. Vancouver, on the Multnomah, and at
Puget Sound."
.
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the cx>ast region.
Specimens examined: Swauk, Watson 365; White Salmon, SuJcsdorf 308; Tampico,
Flett; near Mount Adams, Co<ton 1495; Seattle, Piper; Steilacoom, Piper; Fairhaven, Piper
in 1892; Bingen, Piper 6453, 6454.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Professor Greene considers the Washington-British Columbia form as a different species
from that of California, but if this is so, it is the California plant that should have its name
altered, as all the above names belong to the northern plant. Quercus gilberti is the low,
often prostrate, oak occurring about the Gulf of Georgia and locally known as vine oak. It
is remarkably variable in foliage, but no fruiting specimens have been found. In sheltered
places it assumes the ordinary form of Q. garryana.
For an illustration of this species see Plate IX, facing page 42.
CASTANOPSIS.
1. Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 182. 1863.
Casianea chrysophylla Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839.
Type locality: "On the Grand Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to middle California.
Specimens examined: Moffatt's Springs, Skamania County, Gorman, May 15, 1904, the
only known station north of the Columbia River.
PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 221
TJIMACEAE. Elm Family.
CELTIS.
1. Celtis douglasii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 293. 1848. Hackberry.
Type locality: "In aridis scopulosis regionem interiorum, secus flumen Columbia."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 39; Snake River region, Bran-
degee 1073; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897; Wawawai, Elmer 1016; Piper 1511 and October,
1893.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
Our tree has been referred to both C. ocddentalis L. and C. reticulata Torr. It is perhaps
only a geographical race of the former. Ordinarily it is a very scraggly tree, with very
scabrous leaves, commonly distorted by insect work. In irrigated lapd, however, it is a
graceful and attractive tree, the leaves becoming thinner, darker green, and much less
rough.
The Wilkes Expedition specimens are said to have been collected at Port Discovery,
but this is probably an error.
URTICACEAE. Nettle Family.
Leaves opposite, possessing stinging hairs Urtica.
Leaves alternate; no stinging hairs Parietaria.
URTICA. Nettle.
Leaves soft-pubescent on both sides 1. U, hohsericea.
Leaves glabrous above, sparsely pubescent beneath 2. U. lyaUii.
1. TJrtica holosericea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 183. 1847.
Type locality: "Near Monterey, Upper California."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Henderson 2498; west Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf 1381; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896;
Union Flat, Piper 3045; Wawawai, Piper 1509.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Urtica lyallii. S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875.
Type locality: "In the Cascade Mts. in lat. 49°." Collected by Dr. Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3920; Clallam County, Elmer 2760; Seattle,
Piper 2316 ; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall ; Ellensburg, Brandegee 1075 ; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 58; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 709; Wilson Creek, Lake cfe Hull 654; Spo-
kane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Blue Mountains, Lake 654; Piper, July 17, 1896; Union Flat,
Piper 3046; Pullman, Piper 3046, 1510; Clarks Springs, Kreager 42.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Washington specimens referred to U . gracilis Ait. lielong here, as does the specimen
listed by Suksdorf as "U. breweri{'i)." Specimens from the immediate seacoast tend to
have thicker, more deeply cordate leaves, but this character is apparently due to mari-
time influences and is not sufficient to distinguish the plant.
PARIETARIA.
1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4^: 955. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Florida and Mexico.
222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, SuJcsdorf 4S7; without \oc&\itj,Brandegee 1076;
Almota, Lake <fc Hull 707; Piper 1507; Wawawai, Elmer 755.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family.
RAZOUMOFSKYA.
Starainate flowers paniculate, nearly all terminal on distinct
peduncle-like joints 1. R. omericana.
Staminate flowers fonning simple or compound spikes.
Stems stout, 5 to 12 cm. high 2. R. campylopoda.
Stems short, 1 to 4 cm. high 3. R. douglasii.
On Tsuga hekrophylla. 3a. fl. douglasii tsugenais.
On Larix occidentalis 3b. R. douglasii laricis.
On Abie« grandis 3c. R. douglasii abietina.
1. Razoumofskya americana (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Cren. PI. 2: 587. 1891.
Arceuihobium americanum Nutt.; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.
Ttpe locauty: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Ranoe: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Big Klickitat River, //en</cr«on 2539, 2538; Falcon Valley, 5uJfcff-
dorf 211; near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1069; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Common on Pinua contorta, but apparently only east of the Cascade Mountains.
2. Razoiunofskya campylopoda (Engelm.).
Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.
Arcfuthobium occidentale Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 107. 1880.
Type ix)Cality: "Oregon, on Finns pondtrosa." Collected l)y Geycr. The specimens
are from north Idaho or northeast Washington, a.s Geyer did not collect in Oregon proper.
Ranue: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1364, 672; Peshastin, Sand-
berg <fc Leiberg 593; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1895; Sandberg, McDougal, tfe Heller 925;
Spokane Valley, IToteon; Railroad Creek, £7m«r, September, 1897; Medical \jako, Elmer
1246.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Common on Pinus ponderosa, often forming large clusters. The staminate plants are
yellow, the pistillate olivaceous. It is locally more or less well known as " snappers,
"
owing to the explosive fruits.
3. Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 587. 1891.
Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. in Rothr. Bot. Wheeler Surv. 253. 1878.
The typical form of this species occurs on Pseudotsuya mucronata. This occurs from
Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico. Doubtless it will be found in Washington also. The
forms on Tsuga, Larix, and Abies are apparently distinct, at least in their host relations,
but satisfactory morphological characters to separate them have not been detected. They
may conveniently be considered as subspecies.
3a. Razoumofskya douglasii tsugensis (Rcsendahl).
Razouwjofskya tsugensis Ro.sendahl, Minn. Bot. Stud. III. 2: 272. 1903.
Type ixk;ality: "West coast of Vancouver island."
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, 5in7is; Seattle, Piper 663; Nisqually Valley, ^Z/en
303.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Locally abundant on Tsuga heterophylla, causing large "witches-brooms."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 223
3b. Razoumofskya douglasii laricis subsp. nov. - '
Range: Washington and Idaho on Larix occidentalis.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2536; near Ellensburg, Brandegee
1071.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
3c. Razoumofskya douglasii abietina (Engelm.).
Arceuthobium douglasii abietinum Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 106. 1880.
Type locality: Sierra Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2246, on Abies grandis.
SANTALACEAE. Sandalwood Family.
COMANDRA.
Flowers many, corymbosely-clustered ; leaves pallid.
Leaves oblong; fruit globular 1. C. umbeUata.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit ovoid 2. C. 'pallida.
Flowers few on axillary peduncles; leaves green 3. C. livida.
1. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 157. 1818.
Thesium umbeUatum L. Sp. PI. 1 : 208. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginiae, Pensylvaniae pascuis siccis."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador southward to California and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 103; White Salmon, Suksdorf 494, 614;
Fort Vancouver, Tolmie.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Comandra pallida A. DC. Prod. 14: 636. 1857.
Type locality: " Prope Clearwater, " Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: British Columbia to Manitoba, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1032; Henderson, May
26, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1073; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 335; Morgans
Ferry, Suksdorf 615; Cheney, Tucker in 1890; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1861 ; Pasco, Hind-
shaw 26; Piper 2990; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 326; Sprague, Sand-
berg cfe Leiberg 154; Kamiak Butte, Sandberg, McDougal, cfe Heller 499; Piper, July 20,
1899; Almota, Piper 1650; Wawawai, Piper, May 19, 1894; Hull, June 4, 1892; Elmer
772; Kettle Falls, Beattie cfe Chajrman 2206.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
The nuts of this plant are sweet and edible. Where abundant, they form a favorite
food for hogs.
3. Comandra livida Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 734. 1823.
Type locality: "In shady mossy woods. Not seen to the northward of Great Slave
Lake."
Range: Washington to Vermont and northward.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 386.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family.
ASARUM.
1. Asarum caudatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: under pi. 1399. 1831. Wild ginger.
Asarum hookeri Fielding, Sert. Plant, pi. 32. 1844.
4.sarum canadense ^ Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 139. 1838.
224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type ux^alttt: "In pinetis prope arcem Vancouver"—that is, Fort Vancouver, Wash-
ington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California
Specimens examined: Clallam County, EJlmer 2834; Silverton, Bouck 154; Tacoma,
Flett 58; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 60: Skohomish Valley, Kincaid. May, 1892; Fal-
con Valley, SuJcsdorf 493: mouth of the Pend Oreille, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sand^
berg tfr Leiberg 625; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family.
Flowers not involucrate; stipules sheathing.
Leaves reniform ; sepals 4 Oxyria (p. 224).
Leaves not reniform ; sepals 6.
Sepals unequal, the inner becoming much larger; stigmas
tufted RuMEX (p. 224).
Sepals equal ; stigmas capitate : Polygonum ( p. 226).
Flowers involucrate ; stipules wanting.
Involucre 1-flowered, coriaceous, its teeth cuspidate, often
hooked Chorizanthe (p. 239).
Involucre several-flowered.
Teeth of the involucre awn-pointed Oxytheca (p. 239).
Teeth of the involucre unarmed Eriogonum (p. 233).
OXYRIA.
1. Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 158. 1768. Mountain sorrel.
Rumex digynus L. Sp. PI. 1: 337. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis, Helvcticis, Wallicis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England, Colorado, and California. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2685; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2104;- Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake cfe IIuU 653; Bridge Creek, Elmer 692; Loomis, Elmer 563.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
RUMEX. Dock.
Flowers dioecious; leaves hastate ; small species.
Inner sepals not longer than the granular akene \. R. acetoseUa.
Inner sepals longer than the snuK)th akene 2. R. paucifolius.
Flowers not dioecious; leaves not hastate; coarse species.
Outer sepals without tubercles.
Fruiting sepals cordate, 2 to 5 cm. long; leaves flat ',i. R. venoms.
Fruiting sepals ovate, 4 to 9 nmi. long.
Leaves flat, pale, lanceolate, rounded at base A. R. hesperixts.
Leaves crisped, oblong, truncate at base b. R. ocddentalis.
Outer sepals, or some of them with tuljercles.
Sepals entire or nearly so.
Leaves flat ; all lanceolate 6. i?. salicifolius.
Leaves undulate, the lower cordate.
Panicle leafy; pedicel longer than the fruit 7. R. crispus.
Panicle not leafy; pedicel not longer than the fruit. S. R. conglomeratus.
Sepals with slender teeth.
Annual; tubercles 3; pedicels very short 9. R. persicarioides.
Perennial ; tubercle 1 ; pedicels long 10. ^. obtusifolius.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 225
1. Bumex acetosella L. Sp. PI. 1: 338. 1753. Sheep sorrel.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894.
A troublesome weed throughout the State, especially in poor soils.
2. Rumex paucifolius Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834.
Rumex engelmanni geyeri Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 64. 18.56.
Rumex geyeri Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 78. 1892.
Type locality: " Near Flat-Head River. " Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 448; Wenache region, Brandegee
1068; Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Flathead River, Wyeth; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1192.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 733. 1814.
Type locality: " In Upper Louisiana. " Collected by Bradbury.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Missouri and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1224; Sunnyside, Cotton 382; North YakLna,
Flett 1058; Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Piper 2983; Moses Lake, Sandberg tfc Leiberg,
274; Spokane, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, May, 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 28;
Almota, Piper 1549, 2940; without locality, Vasey 124; Moxee, Griffiths <& Cotton 37.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Rumex hesperius Greene, Pittonia 4: 234. 1901.
Type locality: "Bottom lands near Bingen, Washington." Collected ty Sukadorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SfM^rstZor/ 2259.
I
6. Rum.ex occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 253. 1876.
Type locality: "From Alaska to Northern California, eastward to the Saskatchewan
and Labrador, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and New Mexico."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
447; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1401, 604; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 650; Pull-
man, Piper 1548; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
In the older botanical works our plant was usually referred to R. domesticus Hartm. It
is probable, too, that the name R. domesticus nanus a also belongs to our species, in which
case it has priority.
6. Rumex salicifolius Weinm. Flora 1821: 28. 1821.
Type locality: " In California.
"
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Florida and California.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 93; west Klick-
itat County, Suksdorf 1402; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 329; Wilson Creek, Lake tfc Hull 651; Tukanon River, Lake cfe Hull 651; Pullman,
Piper, July 24, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Rum.ex crispus L. Sp. PI. 1 : 3.35. 1753. Yelix)w dock.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WAtteJ 1252; VjgXwri^T^Yings, Sandberg & Leiberg ^X);
Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.
a Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1838.
29418—06 M 15
226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Humex conglomeratus Murr. Prcxl. Fl. Goett. 52. 1770.
Tyte locality: None given, but European.
Specimens examined: \Vl\idby Island, Gardner 257: Seattle, Pt/xr 627.
9. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. PI. 1 : :i.'i5. 1753.
Ti'PE locality: 'In Virginia."
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to California, New Mexico, and
Virginia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, AVmf/- 2t)S4; Whidby Island, Gardner 25t); Seat-
tle, Pij>€r 714: Silver Lake, Henderson 2423; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Ophir,
Elmer in 1897; Alma, Elmer, 1897; Rock Lake, lAihe d' Hull ()52: Alkali Lake, Sandherg tfc
Leiberg 411; Southbend, Spillman, Aug. 17, 1899; without locality, Cooper; Mission,
Kreager 484; Meyers Falls, Kreager 5()().
Zonal dlstribition: Transition.
10. Riimex obtusifoliua L. Sp. PI. 1: :«5. MTii.
Type locality: "Habitat in Gerniania, Helvetia, Cmllia, Anglia."
Specimens e.xamined: Seattle, Pi/xr in 1888.
A common and troublesome weed in western Washington.
Rumex acetosa L. is included in Suksdorf's list, but we have been unable to secure any
evidence that it occurs in the State.
POLYGONUM.
Stems twining; leaves cordate.
Outer calyx segments winged in fruit; akenes shining 1. P. dumetorum
Outer calyx segments not winged ; akenes dull 2. P. convolvulus.
Stems not twining; leaves not cordate.
Leaves small, usually narrow; stems wiry.
Blades of the leaves jointed on the pedicels.
Perennial with woody rootstocks; seashore plant. . 3. P. jmronychia.
.fVnnuals; rooU* fibrous.
Plants prostrate.
Akenes not longer tlian the calyx 4. P. aviculare.
Akeiu's prot ruding from the calyx ....... 5. P fowleri.
Plants erect or ascending.
Flowers in rather dense terminal bracteate
spikes.
Bracts oblong, white-margined 6. P. polygaloides.
Bracts lanceolate, green.
Styles nearly oljsolcte; akenes
brown, smooth 7. P. kelloggii.
Styles evident; akenes i)lack,
striate 8. P. confertijlorum.
Flowers axillary, or in loose or interrupted
spikes.
Leaves rather broad, scarcely reduced
upward.
Tall, branched throughout; style
3-cleft 9. P. erecium.
Low alpine plant; style 3-partcd. \Q. P. minimum.
Leaves narrow, decidedly reduced
upward.
• Flowers in virgate, much elon-
gated, loose spikes. .,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF* WASHINGTON. 227
Fruiting pedicels erect.
Stout; akenes dull II. P. mmosissimum.
Slender; akenes smooth,
shining 12. P. sawatchense.
Fruiting pedicels reflexed.
Flowers campanulate, 2
to 3 mm. long 13. P. douglasii. '
Flowers funnel-form,
3.5 to 4.5 mm. long. . 14. P. majus.
Flowers in interrupted, but rather
close spikes.
Style 3-cleft; filaments slen-
der 15. P. spergulariaeforme.
Style 3-parted; filaments
dilated 1(). P. nuttallii.
Blades of the leaves not jointed on the pedicels.
Segments of the ocreae rigid 17. P. greenei.
Segments of the ocreae not rigid 18. P. parryi.
Leaves comparatively large; flowers mainly terminal.
Perennials.
Styles 3; plants with thick roots.
Flowers in a single dense spike-like raceme;
styles long.
Raceme thick not bulbiferous; akenes
smooth 19. P. histortoides.
Raceme slender, often bulbiferous ; akenes
dull 20. P. viviparum.
Flowers in racemes or panicles; styles short;
alpine plants.
Racemes mainly axillary; leaves pubes-
cent 21. P. Jierrherryi.
Racemes panicled.
Leaves ovate; akene ovoid 22. P. pliytolaccaefolium
Leaves lanceolate; akene obovoid
. 23. P. alpinum.
Styles 2; aquatic or swamp plants with flowers in
spike-like racemes.
Ocreae fringed at the spreading summit 24. P. JiartUTightii.
Ocreae not fringed nor spreading.
Leaves oVjlong-elliptic, obtuse 25. P. amphihium.
Leaves ovate, acuminate 26. P. emersum.
Annuals; flowers in several spike-like racemes.
Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled 27. P. hydropiperoides.
Styles 2-cleft; akenes lenticular.
Ocreae naked; racemes drooping.
Akenes broad ; style 2-cleft 28. P. lapathifolium.
Akenes narrow; style 2-parted 29. P. incarnatum.
Ocreae bristly-ciliate.
Calyx not glandular; raceme dense 30. P. per.v.cana.
Calyx glandular; racemes interrupted.
Racemes erect
-
-
- - 31. P. punctatum.
Racemes drooping 32. P. hydropiper.
1. Polygonum dumetorum scandens (L.) Gray, Man. ed. 5. 418. 1867.
Pulygonum scandens L. Sp. PI. 1 : 364. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in America."
228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: Near latitude 49°, LyaU in 1858. Perhaps the locality is east of
Washington.
2. Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. PI. 1: 364. 1753. Bindweed.
Type ix)cality: Europi'.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake cfr HiiU
648; Pullman, Piper 1842; Almota, Piper 1815; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893; Mount
Carlton, Krea/jer 143.
3. Polygonum paronychia Cliam. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 51. 1828.
Type locautt: "Ad portum S. Francisci Novae Californiae in arenosis littoralihus.
Rance: Seashores, British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2680; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Oyhut,
Lamb 1256; Port Angeles, Piper 2304; Wliidly Island, Oardner 263; Ocosta, Henderson,
June 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. PI. 1 : 362. 1753.
Tyi'K uhality: Europe.
Speclmkns examined: Along Wilson Creek, Lake dk Hull 644 ; Almota, Piper 2652, 1841
;
Pullman, P»>r 1.550.
5. Polygonum fowleri Robinson, Rhodora 4: 67. 1902.
Type ixh-auty: New Brunswick.
Ranue: Seasliores, New Brunswick to Virginia; British Columbia to Washington.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi])er 2861; Port Angeles, Piper 2305.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Polygonum polygaloidea Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 101. 1856.
Type lix'ality: Clearwater River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Ranue: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ro<'kford, Walfion 341; Spokane, Henderson 2421; Leiberg 23;
Spokane County, Svksdorf 4vil; Pullman, Piper 1551.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Polygonum kelloggii Greene, Fl. Fran. 134. 1891.
Polygonum imbricatum Nutt. Am. Nat. 7: 665. 1873, not Raf. Fl. Tcllur. 3: 16. 1836.
Polygonum waisoni Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. 1895, as to synonymic typo.
Type locality: "Frequent in the mountains, alpine and subalpine, from Colorado to
Oregon and Northern California."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount Clem&n, Hen-
derson2i22; Mount Stuart, £7merll88; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 608; Klickitat County,
High Prairie, Suksdorf 228/5; Skamania County, Suksdorf 89^.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
8. Polygonum confertiflorum Nutt. in herb.
Polygonum watsoni Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. pi. 56. 1895, as to description and figure, but
not as to synonymic type.
Type locality: Columbia Plains. Collected by Nuttall. Type in the Gray Herbarium.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, FZe« 1045; Falcon Valley, -Sutscfor/" 478; Coulee
City, Piper 3901, 3902, 3903; Douglas County, SpiUman; Pullman, Elmer 1008; Major
Creek, Suksdorf 2289; without locality, Vasey in 1883; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2286,
2289; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. .229
9. Polygonum erectum L. Sp. PI. 1 : 363. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Philadelphia."
Specimens examined: Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897,
10. Polygonum minimum S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 315. 1871.
Type locality: "Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 9-11,000 feet altitude."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympics, Piper 1085; Mount Rainier, Piper 2122; Goat Moun-
tains, Allen 264; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 605; Howell 421; east of Mount Adams, Flett
1047; Klickitat River, Flett 1042; Stevens Pass, Saiidherg & Leiberg 799; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 725; Blue Mountains, Piper 2436, 2421.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
11. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Fl. 1: 237. 1803. *
Type locality: "In regione Illinoense."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico; Maine to
New Jersey near the coast.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 475; Bingen, SriJcsdorf 1406; Yakima
City, Piper, July 9, 1897; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 450.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
12. Polygonum sawatchense Small, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 213. 1893.
Type locality: "on the Sawatch Range, Colorado."
Range: Washington to Dakota and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 19, 1886.
13. Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 125. 1885.
Type locality : None cited.
Range: British Columbia to Vermont, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2683; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2239;
Flett, July 21, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 260; Mount Rainier, Piper 2130; Lake Cush-
man. Piper 2240; Goat Mountains, ^Sen 263; Mount Adams, Su^sdor/"607; Mason County,
Piper 903; Wenache, Whited, June, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 541, 542; Harrington, Sand-
berg cb Leiberg 216 ; Charleston, Piper 2263; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman,
Piper 18.53.
Zonal distribution: Transition. '
This species was formerly mistaken for P. tenue Michx. and references to it appear in
the older works under that name.
13a. Polygonum douglasii montanum Small, Mon. Polyg. 1 18. 1895.
Polygonum tenue latifolium Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 75. 1864, not P.
avicvJare latifolium Michx. 1803.
Polygonum douglasii latifolium Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 : 125. 1885.
Type locality: Colorado.
Range: Washington. to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Homer 426, 427.
14. Polygonum majus (Meisn.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 63. 1901.
Polygonum coarctatum majus Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 101. 1856.
Type locality: "Ad flum. Columbia (Dougl.!) in mont. Scopulosis (Geyer n. 355!)."
The Geyer plant is really from the Kooskoosky River, Idaho.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Wen&che, WMted 1298, 1127; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 386; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 434;
west Klickitat Coimty, Suksdorf 212; Pasco, Hindshaw 31; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20,
230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1897; Spokane River, Hentki-son, June 1, 1892; Spangle, SuJcsdorf 1409; Pullman, Lake db
IIuIlMT; without kx-ality. TrtAry in 1889; Chelan, Grijjiih^ tC- Cotton KW.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
16. Polygonum spergulariaeforme Meisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: ;i66. 1892.
Pol)j(lonum aMvrlalum Dou-:!.: lI(X)k. Fi. Bor. Am. 2: i;«. 1838, not Willd. 182.'S.
Poh/fjonum linearf Menzies; Hook. Fi. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 18^^, as synonym.
Type i/x-.xuTi': "N. W. America. " Collected by Menzies.
Ran«!E: British Columha to Oregon in the coast region.
Spi^clmens exa-mined: BelKngham Bay, Siiksdfirf 2047; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2125;
Seattle, Pi})fr tt Smith in 1888; Tucoina Flett; Dc Fuca. Dr. Scovler; Rockland, Howell.
Zonal nisTiunrTioN: Humid Tran.sition.
16. Polygonum nuttallii Small, Mon. Polyg. 132. />/. oS, 189.5.
Poll/ijoii lint interim diu III Nutt.: S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882, not Ehrh. 1791.
TyPE ix)cality: "On hlulTs of the Colinnhia plains." Collected by Nuttall.
RAStiE: Washington and Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2420: Lake (\ishnian, Pifer
2241 : Mount Constitution, Henderson 2419; EvergreeiL Conard 424 ; Stchekin, Gorman 737.
Zonal distriblttion: Canadian.
17. Polygonum greenei S. Wats. Pro*-. Am. Aca<l. 14: 2t).'). 1879.
Type L«KAi.nY: "Plains of Shasta," and "near Chico." Collected by Oreenc and by
Mrs. Bidwell.
Ranoe: Wa-shington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SyJcxdorf 1002.
18. Polygonum parryi Oreene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 99. 1881.
Tm'K umai.ity: Yosi-mite Valley, California. Collected by Parry.
Range: Wii.shington to California.
Speclmens examined: Falcon Valley, SuJesdorfGOQ, 1410.
J.Q. Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, FI. 1:271. 1814.
Polygonum bistorta oblonijifoliiun Meisn. in JX\ I'rod. 14: 12(5. bS.'iO.
Polijijonum glantifolium Greene, Pittonia 6: 199. 1903.
T^'PE loc^alitt: "In low grounds on the banks of the Mis.souri, called Quamash-flats.
"
Collected by Ix'wis. The date and Un-ality on original label show the j)lace to be what is now
Weipjx", Idaho.
Rance: Subarctic regions, .south to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2681; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 15,
1895; Allen 42; Silverton, Bourk 195; Klickitat River, Flett 1043; Stevens Pa.ss, Sandherg
cfc Leiherg 748; Falcon VaUey, Saksdorf 1413; Ellensburg, Whiled 728; Ilor.seshoe Basin,
Elmer 740; TMke tfc Hull 049; 6 miles ea.st of Pullman, Lake tfe Hull, May 20, 1892; without
locality, Vafieg in 1889; Vancouver, Piper 4934.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition as to the typical plant, but recurring in the
Arctic-Alpine meadows.
20. Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. PI. 1: 360. 1753.
Type ixkjality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, .south to New England and Colorado. Europe, Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860.
2k)NAL distribution: Arctic.
21. Polygonum newbenyi Small, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 170. 1894.
Type localiti'; Cascade Mountains of Oregon at Crater Pass.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHIISrGTOK. 231
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 305; Piper 2112; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1232, Brandegee 1066; Goat Mountain, Allen 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9,
1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Flett 1044.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species was formerly confused with the more southern P. davisiae Brewer, and
appears under that name in Suksdorf's list.
22. Polygonum phytolaccaefoliumMeisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19:360. 1892.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; 10 miles north of Mount Adams,
Flett 1053.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
23. Polygonum alpinum foliosum (Keller) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892.
Pohjgomim polymorphum foliosum Keller, Bull. See. Bot. Belg. 30: 49. 1891.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 610 in 1885; Howell & Henderson in
1882.
24. Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 294. 1870.
Type locality: "Sedgy bogs. New York from Herkimer to Yates County, and
Michigan."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California, Kansas, and Maine.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf 4S2; Coupeville, Gardner 254; Seattle,
Piper 720; Smith, July 11, 1889; Spokane, Dewart, June 6, 1901; Davis Lake, Kreager 438.
2ioNAL distribution: Transition.
25. Polygonum amphibium L. Sp. PI. 1: 361. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Quebec, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. Europe,
Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Lake City, Flett 170; Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, August, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 432; Lake Conconully, Whited
1316; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861 ; 6 miles east of Pullman, Piper, July 7, 1899; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 338.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
26. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73. 1889.
Polygonum amphibium emersum Michx. Fl. 1 : 240. 1803.
Polygonum muhlenbergii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879.
Polygonum amphibium terrestre Torr. Fl. U. S. 1: 403. 1824.
Type locality: " Ad ripas fluminis Ohio.
"
Range: B:it sh Columbia to New England, southward to Mexico, Louisiana, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Western Washington, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 645; Rock Lake, Lake, August 3, 1893; Chelan, Elmer 857; junction Crab and
Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 328; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 646; Pullman, Piper 1829;
Uniontown, Henderson 2699; Prosser, Cotton 812.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Prof. E. L. Greene considers the Polygonum emersum as generally understood to be an
aggregate of many species. Among these Elmer's 857 is made the type of Persicaria
chelanica Greene.o Some other segregates of this and related species, namely, Persicaria
cusickii Greeneb and Persicaria oregana Greene c occur in Washington and adjoining States.
This group of species should receive much careful field study.
a Leaflets 1: 49. 1904. b Qp. cit. 42. c Op. cit. 31.
232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
27. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Fl. 1 : 239. 1803.
. Type locality: "In Pennsylvania, Vii^inia, Carolina."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Mexico and Florida.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suisdor/" 668, 56, 483.
28. Polygonum lapathifoUum L. Sp. PI. 1 : 360. 1753.
Polygonum nodosum Pers. Syn. 1: 440. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in Gallia.
"
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Southl)end, SpUlman; Alma, Elmer
540; Methow River, WhitedU, 213; Ellensburg, Whited 596^ North Yakima, Wall, August,
1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Squaw Creek, Cotton 870.
28a. Polygonum lapathifolium incanum (Schmidt) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 617. 1837.
Polygonum incanum Schmidt, Fl. Boom. 4: 90. 1795.
Ti'PE locality: Not a.scertained.
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Nova Scotia and New York, probably
introduced.
Specimens examined: Usk, Kreager 360; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894.
29. Polygonum incamatum Ell. Hot. S. C. and Ga. 1 : 456. 1817.
TS'PE i/X"ality: None given, but South Carolina and Georgia understood.
Range: Vermont to Nel)ra.ska, south to Louisiana and Florida.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandherg <fc Leiberg 406; Wawawai, Piper,
August 23, 1899.
The above specimens are in all probability introduced.
30. Polygonum persicaria L. Sp. PI. 1: 361. 1753.
TiPE mx'amty: Eurojx>iin.
Specimens exa.mined: Seattle, Savage 47; Puyallup, Piper 2364; Tacoma, Flett 126;
Almota, Piper 2m2.
31. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 455. 1817.
Polygonum acre U. B. K. Nov. Gen. 2: 179. 1817, not Lam. 1805.
Type locality': South Carolina and Georgia.
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, 5ut«dor/"484; North Yakima, Pipr 1820; Linds-
leys Ranch, Clarke County, Henderson, Septemlx^r 6, 1892.
31a. Polygonum punctatum leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19:
3.56. 1892.
Polygonum acre leptostachyum Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 108. 1856.
Type locality. "In Amer. boreale et australi, praecipue tropica."
Range: The whole United States and southward.
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, LyaU in 1858-59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
1412.
32. Polygonum hydropiper L. Sp. PI. 1: 361. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Puyallup, Piper 2320.
Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. appears on Suksdorf's list, credited to Klickitat County.
We have seen no Washington specimens.
Pterostegia drymabioides Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 23. 1835. Type
locality, "In portu Bodega Novae Californiae." Included by Suksdorf in his list, but
he writes that he has seen no Washington specimens. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium
J3 labeled "Columbia, Tolmie."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 233
ERIOGONUM.
Flowers not stipe-like at base.
Involucre nerveless; branches leafy; annual 1. E. angvlosum.
Involucre distinctly nerved.
Outer perianth segments much broader than the inner.
Umbel simple, close; plants densely cespitose.
' Involucre campanulate; flowers 3 to 4 mm.
long, white or yellow 2. E. ovalifolium.
Involucre turbinate; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 mm.
long, wine red 3. E. vineum.
Umbel compound; plants loosely cespitose.
Involucres in clusters; flowers white, yellow,
or purple 4. £". proliferum.
Involucres scattered, mostly solitary; flowers
white.
Plants erect or ascending 5. E. niveum.
Plant decumbent Q. E. decumbens.
Outer perianth segments like the inner.
Shrub, much branched; leaves linear to oblanceo-
late 7. E. mierothecum.
Herbs.
Annuals; stems wiry; leaves rosulate.
Involucre 3 mm. long 11. E. vimineum.
Involucre 1 to 1.5 mm. long 12. E. baileyi.
Perennials.
Plants very dwarf and very leafy; pe-
duncles bearing a single involucre. ... 13. E. minimum.
Plants tall, not very, leafy; peduncles
bearing more than one involucre.
Peduncles stout, fistulous; involu-
cres 3 to 6 in each cluster.
Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, 5
to 15 cm. long 8. E. elatum.
Leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse,
1 to 5 cm. long Q. E. nudum.
Peduncles slender, nol fistulous; in-
volucres scattered in a loose
cyme 10. i?. siridum.
Flowers attenuate and stipe-like at base.
Perianth pubescent.
Involucre with reflexed lobes.
Prostrate or nearly so, only the flowering stems
upright; flowers cream color; leaves oblong
or spatulate, not revolute 14. £. douglasii.
Erect, much branched; flowers bright yellow;
leaves linear or linear-spatulate, often revolute. 15. E. sphaerocephalum.
Involucre with erect lobes or teeth.
Shrubby; leaves linear, revolute Id. E. thymoides.
Herbaceous; leaves oblong or obovate, not
revolute.
Flowers yellow; bracts 3 to 8 17. E. piperi.
Flowers purplish; bracts 2 18. E. pyrolaefolium.
Perianth glabrous.
234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves large, 2 to 8 cm. long, oblong-ovate, mostly
cordate; peduncles stout, naked 19. £". compositum.
Leaves smaller, never cordate; peduncles not naked.
Leaves narrow, tomentosc on botii .sides 20. E. heracleoidts.
Leaves broader, glabrous or glabrate above.
Inflorescence a single involucre , 21. E. tolmieamnn.
Inflorescence umbellate.
Umbel simple.
Flowers yellow 22. E. umhellatum.
Flowers cream-color 22b. E. umbeUatum majuSi
Umbel compound 23. E. stellatum
.
1. Eriogonum angulosum Bonfli. Trans. Liiui So*-. 17: KMi. lS;i7.
Type uxality: C'Hlifornia.
RaN(ie: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens e.xamined: Morgans Ferry, SukKdorf 4'.\H; Yakima region, Brandegee 1051.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Eriogonum ovalifoliiun Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 50. 1834.
Type ux'ality; "Source^s of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Ranub: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 773; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 87; Fletl
1051; Mount Stuart, Sandhenj d' Leiherg 827; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2682.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Eriogonum vineum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25i: 45. 1898.
1 EvA-ycla purpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 100. 1847.
'i Eriogonum purpureum Nutt.; Benth. in IX^. Prod. 14: 10. 1856.
Type locality: "California, near Rase mine, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2,100
meters."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympics, Flett 127; Mount Adams, Hendermn, August 10, 1892;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1221.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Eriogonum proUferum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 164. 1873.
t Eriogonum obtongi/olium minux Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 113. 1856.
Type locauty: "Idaho Mountains (Prof. O. Marcy, Prof. Swallow) to N. Fork of the
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition, Weenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall."
Ranqe: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 537, 658, 668; Elmer 382, 1087, 391; Piper
2719; Wenache, Whited 147, 1245, 1169; Satus, Elmer 1072; Pa.s(o, Himlshawm, 14; Piper
2956; Mount Cleman, Henderson; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 493; Snipes Mountain,
Cotton 3SI&; North Yakima, Henderson 2426; Flett 1056; Wall; Steimveg; Leckenby; with-
out locality, Henderson 242:8; Goldendale, Suksdorf 440; Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf
439; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 441 ; Wenaa Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; without
locality, Vasey 145; between Spipea River and North Fork of the Columbia, Wilkes
Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Apparently all the Washington specimens that have been referred to E. oblongifolium
belong to E. proUferum.
6. Eriogonum nivenm Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837.
Eriogomum dichotomum Dougl.; Benth. op. cit. 415.
Type locality: "Valleys of the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Ranqb: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 235
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 723, 1157; Similkameen Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 673; Coulee City, Henderson 2427; Loomis, Elmer 605; Alkali
Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 419; Clarks Springs, Kreager 123; without locality, Coof,er in
1853; Spokane, Sandberg; Piper 2811 Suksdorf 945; Watson 349; Sandberg, Heller cfj Mac-
Dougal 903; Wawawai, Piper 1634, 1547; Waitsburg, Horner 433; Marcus, Kreager 463.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
We have Ijeen quite unable to distinguish two species, as did Douglas, based on difTercnces
in degree of development of the bracts, and on the erect or spreading position of the calyx
teeth.
6. Eriogonum decumbens Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 415. 1837.
Eriogonum niveum decumbens Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 174. 1870.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Leckenby; Sunnyside, Piper; without locality,
Douglas.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Tliis plant is perhaps only a subspecies of E. niveum, but its habit is quite distinct. It is
confined to sand hills where it forms large decumbent masses often 50 cm. in diameter.
The leaves also are broader than in E. niveum.
7. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IL 1: 162. 1847.
Type locality: "On the sides of hills in Oregon, east of Walla Walla." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 553; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg,
July, 1893; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Moses Lake, Sandberg tfc Leiberg, July, 1893;
Parker, Elmer 1078; North Yakima, Piper 1879; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August,
1895; without locality. Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kiona, Cotton 734.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
We have seen no Washington specimens referable to Ti". corymbosum Nutt. and believe
that such references really apply to E. microthecum.
8. Eriogonum elatum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WAi/erZ, August, 1896; Ellensburg, fi'/mer 387 ; Whited
276; Piper, July, 1897; White Bluff Ferry, Lake cfc Hull 677; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Steinweg in 1894; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Rock Island, Sand-
berg cfc Leiberg 424; near Chelan River, Watson 347; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tahlk
Plain, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 820.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
9. Eriogonum nudum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837.
Type locality: "Plains of the Multnomah," Oregon. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: North of Mount Adams, Henderson 2429.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Eriogonum striatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas. The original label gives
the locality "Blue Mountains."
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Along Salmon River, /Corner 432.
11. Eriogonum vimineum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 416. 1837.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
236 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABIUM.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, lFAJ/f<i 1156; Ellensburg, IFAi/ftZ 665; North Yakima
Wait, August, 1895; Pasco, FAmer 1057; Piper, July 11, 1897; Waitsburg, Homer 584;
Wawawai, Ptper 1546; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 807.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
12. Eriogonxun baileyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875.
Type locality: Northwestern Nevada. Collected by W. W. Bailey.
Range: Washington to Arizona and Utah.
Specimens examined: Yakima, //oi/y// in 1877; Vaftey 147.
2iONAL distribution: Upper Sonoran.
13. Eriogonum minimum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 47. 1898.
Type ixx^ality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Brandegee, probably
on Mount Stuart.
Range: Known only by the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 372.
14. Eriogonum douglasii Benth. in DC. Prf)d. 14: 9. 1856.
Type uk'ai.ity: " In montibus C<x^ruleis. CJairdner! I>)Ugla.s!''
Range: Wa.shington to California..
Spe(^imens examined: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 461 ; WhUed 101 ; Ellensburg,
H'Ai/^-d 355, ()42, 1(X); Piper 2706; North Yakima, ."?/nnire</ in 1894; Tampico, /'7f« 1051;
mountains UMwcen Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 725; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Wenache Mountains, Griffiths dk Cotton 118; Cotton 1297.
Zonal di.stribution: Arid Transitiim.
14a. Eriogonum douglasii ramosum suUsp. nov.
Differs from the typical fonn in that the uml>el is compound.
Foothills east of Ellensburg, Whited 643.
Ifi. Eriogoniun sphaerocephalum Dougl; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 407. 1837.
Type ixk'ality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Ea.stern Washington to ('alifomia and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Ebner 1083; Wenache, Whited 724, 1278; Yakima
River, Wilkes Expedition ^36; Tampico, Flett 1054; Simcoti Valley, Lyall in 1860; Crab
Creek, Sujtsdor/" 435; Wilson and Crab creeks, Sandherg d; I^iberg 319; without hx-ality,
Douglas; Coulee City, Piper 3842; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 704; Umtanum Creek,
Cotton 814.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
16a. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum tenue (Small).
Eriogonum tenue Small, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 41. 1898.
Type locality: West Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington and perhaps eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 433, 307, 434, 694; eastern
Washington, Hilgard in 1882; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11 , 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake <&
Hull 672.
2jOnal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
16. Eriogoniun thymoides Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 9. 1856-7.
Type locality: "Ad fl. Spokan in regione Oregon superioris." Collected by the Wilkes
Expedition.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 76, 33, 1091; Ellensbui^, Whited 648; Piper
2710; North Yakima, Henderson, May 2 and 26, 1892; Steimveg in 1894; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 361, 362; Pasco, Hindshaw 10; Bickleton, Suksdorf 432; Goldendale,
PIPER FLOEA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 237
Henderson in 1882; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in 1860; Coulee City, Piper 3868; Douglas County,
SpiUman, May 26, 1896; near mouth of Swauk, Watson 348; Ritzville, Sandberg <& Leiber^
167; Frosser, Cotton 59.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
17. Eriogonum. piperi Greene, Pittonia 3: 263. 1898.
Type locality : Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Washington.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 24.53.
2k)NAL distribution: Hudsonian.
18. Eriogonum pyrolaefolium coryphaeum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 162
1870.
Type locality: "Summit of the Cascade Mountains, about lat. 49° on the east side at
the height of 7,500 feet." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 206; Piper 2117; Piper cfe Smith 541;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Paradise Valley, Flett 261; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 8d; Flett 1050; Howell cfc Henderson in 1882; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1419;
Cascade Mountains, Tweedy, August, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
19. Eriogonum compositum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17:410. 1837.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California. *
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1149; Mount Rainier, Piper 2127; Flett 230;
Goat Mountain, Allen, September 20, 1893; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1050; Klickitat
County , Suksdorf 47, 437; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Vancouver, Nuttall; Colum-
bia River, Douglas; banks of Columbia opposite Wenache, Watson 351 ; without locality,
Brandegee 1048; Rock Island, Whited 1415; Ellensburg, Whited 560; North Yakima, Steiw-
weg'm 1894; Spokane, Leiierjr 22; without locality, Fasej/ in 1889; Clarks Springs, £'rea<7er 94.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
19a. Eriogonum compositum leianthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 12. 1856.
Type locality : "In regione Oregon superioris ad Clear Water (Spalding) ad fl. Spokan et
Kooskoosky (Geyer n. 470)."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited,yL&y 13, 1900, and 92; North Yakima, Steinweg
in 1894; mountains between Ellensbui^ and Wenache, Whited 726; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 289; Wawawai, Piper 1883; Elmer 773; mouth of Methow
River, Watson 3,50; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892;
without locality. Cooper in 1853; North Yakima, Griffiths cfc Cotton, June 1, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This is distinguished from typical E. compositum by having a smooth perianth.
20. Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834.
Eriogonum heracleoides minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856.
Type locality: "Sources of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, E/mer 389; Whited 537^; Wenache, Whited 122, 1090,
and June, 1896; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1057; Conconully, Whited 1314;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 404; Douglas County, SpiUman, May 27, 1896; Wilson
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 268; Columbia interior, Douglas in 1826; Sprague, Lake cfc Hull
675; Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 4^ in part; Cheney, Tucker
in 1892; Cow Creek, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Dewart,
June 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1545; Lake cfc Hull 676; Blue Mountains, Piper, August,
1896; Spokane, Kreager 11; 2 days before Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition.
238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A form of this from the region of Mount Stuart, represented by Elmer's 1096, Brandegee's
1050, and Sandberg & Leiberg's S13, is distinguished by having small comptict uml)els and
rather narrow lanceolate or lance-ovate leaves, it perhaps merits recognition as a
sub-species.
Another form of the species, which includes Watson's 351, Whited's 1149 and 1415, and
Brandegee's 1048, is characterized by unusually small and bn)ad leaves, 2 to 4 cm. long, and
small compact umbels of smaller flowers. Doctor Watson has labeled his specimen variety
gimpUx, under which name the plant may be known.
20a. Eriogoniun heracleoides angustifolium (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad.
8:1.59. 1S70.
Eriogonum angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 164. 1847.
TiPE ux:ai.ity: "Western slope of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Bickleton, »St/A-,W«r/'4;i().
21. Eriogonum tolmieanum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 134. 1838.
Eriogonum umhellaluin monocephalum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 160. 1870.
Type uxjality: "Banks of the Walla Walla River, among Artemisia." Collected by
Tolmie.
Range: Washington to California?
Specimens examined: Walla Walla River, Tolmie; Yakima region. Tweedy, October,
1882. «
22. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 241. 1828.
Eriogonum latum Small; RydlK^rg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 121. 1900.
Type locality: "Near the Rocky Mountains." Collected by James.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Stehekin, Whited 1383; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1167;
Tumwater Canyon, San^icrj; cfc I^iherg 521; Mount Adams, F/e</ 1049; IIejiderson, Aiig\ist
9, 1892; Big Klickitat River, Cotton 147().
Zonal distribi'tion: Iludsonian.
22a. Eriogonum iimbellatum hypoleium subsp. nov.
Leaves green on both sides, sparingly pulx'.scent on the margins and petioles.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 727, July 17, 1898 (type, depos-
ited in the United States National Herbarium); Mount Stuart, fiV/^cr 1 H)2, Augu.st, 1898.
22b. Eriogonum umbellatum majus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856.
Eriogonum subalpinum Greene, PittoniaS: 18. 1896.
Type locality: " In montibus scopulosis region, sup. fl. Platte, Sweetwater, etc. (Gordon,
Fremont, Burke, Geyer)."
Range: Wa-shington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1193; Mount Chapaca, Elmer 586; Yakima region. Tweedy, August, 1882; Nason Creek;
Sandberg tfe Leiberg 686; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 236.
23. Eriogonum stellatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 409. 1837.
Eriogonum croceum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 43. 1898.
Type locality : " Interior of northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2447.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 239
OXYTHECA.
1. Oxytheca dendroides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 169. 1847.
Type locality: "On the sand hills of the Kocky Mountains, near Lewis River." Col-
lected by Nutall.
Range : Washington to Wyoming and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, Piper 2847; Pasco, Elmer 1053; Morgans Ferry,
Sulcsdorf i44; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 380; Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1061;
junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg d& Leiberg 302.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CHORIZANTHE.
1. Chorizanthe watsoni Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 199. 1873.
Type locality: "Nevada, on the borders of the desert, Humboldt, Reese River, and
Grass valleys."
Range: East Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 445; Yakima, LecTcenby, June, 1898;
North Yakima, Henderson 2424; Pasco, Piper 2960; junction of Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 258; without locality, Brandegee 445; Coulee City, Piper 3876.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CHENOPODIACEAE. Goosefoot Family.
Embryo spirally coiled; endosperm scanty or wanting.
Shrub with monoecious flowers Sarcobatus (p. 239).
Herbs with perfect flowers.
Leaves becoming spiny; fruiting calyx surrounded by a
wing - - Salsola (p. 240).
Leaves fleshy; fruiting calyx wingless Dondia (p. 240).
Embryo annular.
'
Endosperm none; stems jointed; leaves scale-like Salicornia (p. 240).
Endosperm copious; stems not jointed; leaves not scale-like.
Pericarp adherent to the seed; fruit much exceeding the
calyx Corispermum (p. 241).
Pericarp not adherent; fruit inclosed.
Flowers unisexual; fruit inclosed by 2 bractlets.
Shrubs; testa membranous.
Pericarp hairy Eurotia (p. 241).
Pericarp glabrous Grayia (p. 241).
Mostly herbs; testa coriaceous Atriplex (p. 241).
lowers perfect.
Sepal 1, bract-like; stamen 1 Monolepis (p. 243)
.
Sepals 5, united; stamens 5.
Flowers capitate; calyx fleshyand red infruit . Blitum (p. 243)
.
Flowers panicled ; calyx dry or scarcely fleshy
in fruit Chenopodium (p. 242).
SARCOBATUS.
1. Sarcobatus ventiiculatus (Hook.) Torr. in Emory, Rep. 149. 1848. Greasewood.
Balis'! vermiculatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 128. 1838.
Type locality: "Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia, and particularly
near salt marshes." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Montana, New Mexico, and Arizona.
240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Lake cfc HiUl 699; Alkali Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
410; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Yakima City, Piper,
July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1064; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 449; Walla Walla, LyaU,
June, 1860; without Kx-ality, Vasey in 1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 540.
Zonal oiSTRiBrrioN : Upper Sonoran.
For illustration see Plate IV, facing page 25.
SALSOLA.
1. Salsola kali tragxis (L.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 13*: 187. 1849. Russian thistle.
Salsola tragus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 322. 1762.
Type locality: "Ilahitat in Europa australi."
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper, July 10, 1897; Spokane, Kreager 531.
The Russian thistle probably first reached Washington in 1895 or 1896. It is now
widely spread in the State.
DONDIA.
Fruiting calyx without crests or appendages 3. Z>. mwriiima.
Fruiting calyx developing keels or crests.
Calyx developing crests on one or more of its lobes; leaves linear,
broadest at base _ 2. D. depressa.
Calyx at length surrounded by a transverse lobed wing; leaves
linear, narrowed at ba.sc 1 . D. occidentalis.
1. Dondia occidentalis (S. Wats.) Heller Cat. N. A. Plants 3. 1898.
Schoberia occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 6: 295. 1871.
Suaeda occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 90. 1874.
Type localiti': "Ruby Valley, Nevada."
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, //cjuZerson 2557; Crab Creek, /Sw^sdor/* 448; Lincoln
County, Elmer 1241 ; Yakima City, Piper 2749, 2752.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton, III. Fl. 1: 585. 1896.
Salsola depressa Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814.
Suaeda depressa Ledeb. ; S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 6: 294. 1871.
Type locality: "On the volcanic plains of the Missouri."
Ranoe: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Nevada and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: White Bluff Ferry, LcJce & Hull 678. A doubtful imniaturo
specimen perliaps referable to the preceding.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Dondia maritima (L.) Druce, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 1896: 42. 1896.
Chenopodium maritimutn h. Sp. PI. 1:221. 1753.
Suaeila rnaritima Dum. F'l. Belg. 22. 1827.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae maritimis."
Range: Seacoasts, Maine to New York. Washington. Europe.
Specimens examined: Salt marshes near Coupeville, Gardner 365. '
SALICORNIA.
1. Salicomia ambigua Michx. Fl. 1: 2. 1803.
Type locality: "In Carolinae scirpetis maritimis."
Range: Seabeaches, Massachusetts to Texas, British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns,
September 3, 1890; Seattle, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890; Port Townsend, Barber 188,
189.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 241
The Pacific Coast plant, judging from a small amount of herbarium material, is somewhat
different from the typical ambigua of the Atlantic slope. Our plant was called S. herbacea
L. in Cooper's Report and S. radicans L. in Hooker's Flora.
CORISPERMUM.
Akenes 3 to 5 mm. long, winged 2. C. hyssopifolium.
Akenes 2 to 2.5 mm. long, wingless 1. C. villosum.
1. Corispermum villosum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 191. 1897.
Type locality: Manhattan, Montana.
Range: Washington, Montana, Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, Cotton 753.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Sp. PI. 1:4. 1753. Bugseed.
Type locality: "Habitat ad Volgam Tartariae, Gillan Borussiae, Monspelii arenosis."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 309; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1385; Wawawai, Piper 1770; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
885; Sunnyside, Cotton 754.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
EUROTIA.
1. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. Chenop. Mon. Enum. 81. 1840. Winter fat.
Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 602. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies." Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg (& Leiberg 347; Sunnyside, Piper 2846;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Dunn, September 10, 1902; Sunnyside, Cotton 752.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
GBAYIA.
1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. in DC. Prod. IS^: 119. 1849.
'
Hop sage.
Chenopodium? spinosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
Grayia polygaloides Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 388. 1841.
Eremosemium spinosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 225. 1901.
Type locality: "Interior of North California. Douglas, 1826."
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3896; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 226; North Yakima, Flett 1028; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, May 9, 1898;
Pasco, Piper 2974; Hindshaw 40; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 447 ; Snipes Mountains, Cotton
389; Prosser, Griffiths cfc Cotton 16.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
ATRIPLEX.
Perennial, shrubby; leaves oblong, entire 5. ^. nuttallii.
Annuals.
Leaves densely scurfy and silvery 4. A. argentea.
Leaves fleshy and mealy, not silvery.
Flowers in axillary clusters; leaves linear 3. A. zosteraefolia.
Flowers in terminal panicles.
Leaves ovate-triangular, usually dentate I. A. hastaia.
Leaves lanceolate, mostly entire 2. A. patvla.
1. Atriplex hastata L. Sp. PI. 2: 1053. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa frigidiori."
29418—06 M 16
242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Manitoba. Atlantic soacojust. Europe.
Specimens examined: Prosser, Cotton 889.
Evidently introduced, and said to be spreading rapidly.
2. Atriplex patula littoralis Gray, Man. ed. 5. 409. 1867.
Atriplex littoralis L. Sp. PI. 2: 10.54. 1753. " •
Type locality: "Ihibitat in Europae septentrionalis littoribus maris."
Range: St»acoasts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Gi-eat Ijakes.
Specimens e.xamined: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Shoalwatcr Bay, Ilen^
derson, August, 1885; Seattle, Piper in 1887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Atriplex zosteraefolia (Hook.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 10?). 1874.
Chejwpodiumf zosieratfolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
TiPE locality: "N. W. C. of America. Memies. Columbia and Straits of Dc Fuca."
Dr. Scolder.
Specimens examined: Straits of De Fuca [Wash.?], Scouler.
This peculiar species is known only from the type collections. Its rediscovery would be
of much interest.
4. Atriplex argentea Nutt. Gen. 1 : 198. 1818.
Type locality: "On sterile and .saline plains near the Missouri." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Minnesota, southward to Colorado and Utah.
Specimens e.xamined: Alma, Klmer 31; Ellensburg, Pijwr, July 9, 1897; Yakima City,
Piper 275;?; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 372; Waitsbui-g, Homer 419.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
6. Atriplex nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 116. 1874.
Atriplex canescens Nutt. Gen. 1 : 197. 1818, not Atriplex canescens (Pursh, 1814) James. i
Type localitj*: "On the denudated saline hills of the Missouri, commencing about 15
miles below the confluence of White River, and continuing to the mountains." \
Range: Washington and Alberta to Nevada and Colorado.
J
Specimens examined: Egliert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 349.
.
^
Zonal distribution: Upi)er Sonoran. ]
CHENOPODIUM. Goosefoot.
j
Calyx fleshy and red in fruit 5. (7. rubrum.
.
j
Calyx dry in fruit. ]
Pericarp loosely attached to the seed; leaves entire 4. C. leptophyUvm.
Pericarp firmly attached to the seed; leaves dentate.
Herbage glandular-pubescent 3. C. hoiryu
Herbage not glandular.
Leaves mealy beneath 1. C album.
Leaves glabrous 2. C. hybridum.
1. Chenopodium album L. Sp. PI. 1 : 219. 1753. Lamb's quarters.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2055; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull,
August 6, 1892; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 257; Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1894; Hardwick,
July 31, 1895.
la. Chenopodium album viride (L.) Moq. in DC. Prod. IS^: 71. 1849.
Chenopodium viride L. Sp. PI. 1 : 219. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1391 , 669; Wawawai, Piper 3584.
i
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 243
2. Chenopodium hybridiim L. Sp. PL 1 : 219. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1858-59; Wenache,
Whxted 65; Yakima, Pi-per 1798; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hull, August 3, 1892; Loomis,
Elmer 590; Waitsburg, Homer 4\.S; Pend Oreille River, LyaU in 1861; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 567.
3. Chenopodium botrys L. Sp. PI. 1 : 219. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae australis arenosis."
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 1824; without locality Vasey in 1889; Belleview,
Kreager 496.
4. Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 94. 1873.
Chenopodium album leptophyllum Moq. in DC. Prod. 13-: 71. 1849.
Type locality: "In Nova California (Nuttall);Laplatte, Gordon."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona and Missouri.
Specimens examined: Columbia River above Chelan River, T^a^son 338; Great Northern
Tunnel, east side. Piper, July, 1895; Moses Lake, Sandherg & Leiherg 377; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandherg cfe Leiherg 316; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Pasco, Piper 2963; Waits-
burg, Homer 1089.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran,
5. Chenopodium rubrum L. Sp. PI. 1: 218. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains near Columbia River, (SutscZor/*670; Bingen,
Suksdorf 2325; Wawawai, Piper in 1901; Meyers Falls, Kreager 512.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran?
5a. Chenopodium rubrum hunule (Hook.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 48. 1880.
Chenopodium humile Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
Type locality: "Marshes of the Saskatchewan." *
Range: British Columbia to Manitoba, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Seattle, Piper 2857; Shoal-
water Bay, Henderson 694.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
BLITXJM.
1. BUtum capitatum L. Sp. PI. 1: 4. 17.53. Elite.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa: praesertim in comit. Tyrolensi.
"
Range: Yukon to California, the Great Lakes, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Spokane, Piper,
June 25, 1897; Pullman, Hull 682; Piper, July 25, 1900.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
MONOLEPIS.
Leaves oblong, entire; flowers mostly solitary I. M. pusilla.
Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, often dentate; flower clusters dense 2. M. nuttalliana.
1. Monolepis pusilla Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 289. 1871.
Type locality: "Near Carson City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys of West-
em Nevada."
Range: Eastern Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3886; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg cfc
Leiherg 241 ; Morgans Ferry, Suksdnrf 446.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Monolepis nuttalliana (Room. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 168. 1891.
BUtym chenopodio'uks Nutt. Gen. 1 : 4. 1818, not Lam.
Blitum nutiaUianum Room. & Schult. Mant. 1 : 65. 1822.
Monolepis chenopodioidts Moq. in DC. Prod. 13'^: 85. 1849.
Type locality: "On arid soils near the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensbut^, Piper, May 20, 1897; Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
165; Pullman, Piper 1844; Waitsburg, Horner 186.
Zonal distkibittion: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family.
AMARANTHUS.
Flowers in dense terminal spikes.
Spikes green, stout, 8 to 14 mm. thick 1. ^. retrqflexus.
Spikes purple, slender, 4 to 6 mm. thick 2. A. paniculaius.
Flowers in small axillary clusters.
Plants prostrate ; sepals 4 or 5 3. A. blitoides.
Plants erect, much branched ; sepals 3 4. A. graecizans.
1. Amaranthus retroflexusL. Sp. PI. 2: 991. 1753. Pigweed.
Type ixxjalitt: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: Temperate and subtropical North America, mainly spread as a weed.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1554.
2. Amaranthus paniculatus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1406. 1763.
Type ixx-ality: "Habitat in America."
Ra?;ge: Naturalized in the United States fmm subtropical regions.
Specimens examined: Clarks Springs, Kreager 569. According to Hooker collected
in 1825 by Scouler on the Columbia.
3. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 273. 1877.
Type localiti': "Frequent in the valleys and plains of the interior, from Mexico to N.
Nevada and Iowa, and becoming introduced in some of the Northern States eastward."
Range: Washington to Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. Now spreading eastward.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1552; Spokane, Kreager 581.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
4. Amaranthus graecizans L. Sp. PI. 2: 990. 1753. Tumbleweed.
Amaranthus albus L. Syst. ed. 10. 1268. 1760.
Type locality': "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: Spread as a weed throughout temperate and subtropical North America.
Specimens examined: W^est Klickitat County, Snlcsdorf 2079; Pasco, Henderson in
1892; Pullman, Piper 15.53; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893.
NYCTAGINACEAE. Four-o'clock Family.
ABRONIA.
Plants of the seashore.
Flowers rose-colored; wings#f the fruit thin \. A. umbeUata.
Flowers yellow; wings of the fruit thick, hollow 2. A. latifolia.
Plant of the sage-plains ; flowers white 3. ^. meUifera.
1. Abronia umbellata Lam. 111. 1: 469. pi. 105. 1791.
Type locality: " Ex Califomiae maritimis.
"
Range: Seacoast, Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper 2301; Clallam County, Elmer 2790; Point-
no-point, Piper in 1890.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 245
2. Abronia latifolia Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 281. 1826.
Abronia arenaria Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: pi. 193. 1827.
Type locality: "In arenosis maritimis Novae Californiae."
Range: Seashores, Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2791 ; Port Ange-
les, Pifer 2303; Port Townsend, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Westport, Heller 3943; Lamh
1096; Whidby Island, Gardner 253.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
3. Abronia mellifera Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: fl. 2879. 1829.
Abronia suksdorfii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 17: 348. 1892.
Type locality: " Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 464; Morgans Ferry Suksdorf
429; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 11, 1886; Sand hills of Columbia, Nuttall; Walla Walla,
LyaR, June, 1860; Douglas in 1826; Priest Rapids, Douglas in 1826; Prosser, Henderson 2439;
Pasco, Piper 2989; Elmer 1055; Hindshaw 16; Kiona, Piper 1807, 2646; Cotton 724.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Abronia fragrans Nutt. is listed by Suksdorf, but the plant probably does not occur in
our limits.
AIZOAGEAE.
MOLLUGO.
1. Mollugo verticillata L. Sp. PI. 1: 89. 1753. Carpet weed.
Type locality: "Habitat in Africa, Virginia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick and southward to Mexico and South America.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1675; North Yakima, Henderson,
October, 1892; Parker, Elmer 1077; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Almota, Piper 1878,
August, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 632; Toppenish, Cotton 795.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PORTULACACEAE. Purslane Family.
Ovary half inferior; sepals partly united Pobtulaca (p. 245).
Ovary superior.
Capsule circumscissile Lewisia (p. 246).
Capsule not circumscissile.
Style branches 2; capsule 2-valved, sepals scarious Spraguea (p. 251).
Style branches 3; capsule 3-valved.
Sepals deciduous Talinum (p. 247).
Sepals persistent.
Petals 3 to 7 ; stamens 3 to 12 ; leaves fleshy, alter-
nate Calandrinia (p. 247).
Petals 5.
Corolla zygomorphic ; styles short,cleft nearly
to the base Montia (p. 247).
Corollaregular ; styleselongated ,unitednearly
to the top Claytonia (p. 248).
PORTULACA.
1. Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. PI. 1: 445. 1753. Purslane.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa australi, India, Ins. Ascensionis, America."
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf, November, 1879; Almota, Piper, Sep-
tember, 1896; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager 517.
246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LEWISIA.
Sepals 4 to 8; scape jointed and with an involucre of 5 to 7 bracts 1. L. rediviva.
Sepals 2; scape 2-bracteolate.
Root elongate.
Seeds granulate, conspicuously strophiolate 2. L. tweedyi.
Seeds smooth, not at all strophiolate.
Plants 2 to 8 cm. high; flowers 1 to 3.
Sepals entire; petals white 3. L. nevadensis.
Sepals erose; petals red 4. L. pygmaea.
Plants 10 to 20 cm. high; flowers several to many, red... . .5. L. coiwiibiana.
Root glolH)se ; cauline leaves 2 or 3, linear 6. L. triphylla.
1. Lewisia rediviva Pursh, Fl. 2: 368. 1814. Rock rose. Bitterroot.
Type IjOCality : " On the banks of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis. The exact place
is the mouth of the Lou Lou fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Atanum River, FUit 1293; Wenache, Whited 1089; North Yakima
Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 127; Major Creek, Sul-sdorf 258;
Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker in 1892; Spokane, Piper,
July, 1896; without locality, V'asey in 1889; EUensburg, Piper in 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Lewisia tweedyi (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 1895.
Calandrinia tutedyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.
T^'PE locality: " Wenatchee Mountains, Washington Territory." Collected by Tweedy
and by Brandegee.
Range: Wenache Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Tweedy 898; Brandegee; Sandberg ds Leiberg 346;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1242.
Zonal distribution : Canadian?
8. Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 268. 4895.
Calandrinia nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 623. 1873.
Type locauty: "Subalpine region of Wahsatch and East Humboldt Mountains [Nevada]
and Sierra Nevada, California, at Summit and Cisco."
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1275; Simcoe Hills, Howell 292; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 472; Blue Mountains, Piper 2391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1235.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
4. Lewisia pygxaaea (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 268. 1895.
Talinum pygmaea A. Gray, Am. Joum. Sci. II. 33: 407. 1862.
Oreobroma pygmaea HovreW, Erythea 1: 33. 1893.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyM in 1860; Paradise Valley,
Flett 284: Mount Adams, SuksdoTf336.
5. Lewisia columbiana (Howell) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895.
Calandrinia columbiana Ilowell; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.
Type locality: "Mountains of Oregon and Washington Territory (coll. by Lyall as far
north as lat. 49°)."
Range : British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascades and Olympics.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2222; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 205; Olympic Mountains, Flett 128; Elmer 2690;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1206; Sandberg & Leiberg 547; Brandegee 683; Head of Twisp River,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 247
Whited, July, 1896; Mount Henderson, Henderson 2044; Lacentre, Mrs. Fanny Briggs in
1887.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
The Lyall specimen was referred to Calandrinia leana Porter in the Botany of California, a
but that species does not reach our limits.
6. Lewisia triphylla (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 269. 1895.
Claytonia triphylla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 345. 1875.
Type locality: "Above Cisco, California;" in Yosemite Valley . . . and ... in Sierra
County.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August, 1880; Henderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 154; Klickitat River, Flett 121A; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June,
1879, 290; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 464; Blue Mountains, Piper 2431.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
TALINTJM.
1. Talinum spinescens Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 250. 1873.
Type locality: "Bare rocks between Fort Okanogan and Grand Coulie, on the Upper
Columbia River."
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, ffentZerson, May, 1892; S'teinwejf in 1894; Yakima,
iVmtts, April, 1890; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee in 1883; Great Plains, Dr. T. E. Wilcox in
1883; Coal and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 227; Wilson Creek, Lake <& Hull, August,
1892; between Coulee City and Waterville, SpiUman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull,
August, 1892; Piper 3871 ; near Cottonwood, Sw^sdor/" 257.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
^
CALANDRINIA.
1. Calandrinia canlescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 78. pi 526. 1823.
Type locality: "Crescit in Regno Quitensi, prope Chillo, villam contiguam planitiei
Cachapambensi, alt. 1340 hex.; item prope urbem Mexici, alt. 1168 hex."
Range: Washington to Mexico. South America.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 36; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 955, 251 ; Seattle, Smith in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Calandrinia caulescens menziesii (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 277. 1887
Talinum menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 223. 1833.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America, south of the Columbia," Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Without locality. Cooper.
MONTIA.
1. Montia fontana L. Sp. PI. 1: 87. 1753.
Montia minor Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 301. 1805.
Type locality: European.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to Maine and California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island; Gardner 50; Tacoma, Flett 891, 27; Wenache,
Whited 1015; Ellensburg, Piper 2715; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 89; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 435. 1880.
248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CLAYTONIA.
Perennials with thick roots or cornis.
Corm globose ; cauline leaves oblong .... I. C. lanceolatn.
Caudex elongate : cauline leaves linear-spatulate 2. C. megarrhiza.
Perennials or annuals; roots not cormose.
Stems bearing only two leaves, these opposite.
Cauline leaves not united.
Pedicels mostly bractless; perennial by rootstocks. 3. C. asarifolia.
Pedicels mostly with bracts; roots fibrous.
Perennial, 10 to 50 cm. high ; leaves ovate 4. C. sibirica.
Annual, 5 to 15 cm. high; leaves narrow... . 5. C. arenicola.
Cauline leaves united, at least at base.
United leaves forming a roundish disk.
Calyx 4 mm. long; seeds 2 nmi. broad 6. C. perfoliaia.
Calyx 2 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. broad.
Basal leaves linear 7. C. parvijiora.
Ba.sal leaves ovate 7a. C. parvi flora depressa.
United leaves not forming a disk, but linear or
lanceolate 8. C. spathulata.
Stems bearing more than two opposite leaves, or leaves
alternate.
Cauline leaves several pairs, opposite 9. C chamisaoi.
Cauline leaves alternate.
Perennial, producing .slender stolons ; leaves very
fleshy 10. 6'. pannfclia.
,
* Annual, not stoloniferous; leaves not very fleshy.
Leaves broad, long-j)etioled; seeds striate 11. C. diffusa.
Leaves narrow, sessile.
Seeds dull, less than 1 mm. broad 12. C dichotonia.
Seeds shining.
Petals 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm.
broad 13. C. linearis.
Petals minute or absent; seeds 1 mm.
broad 14. C. hoiueUii.
1 . Claytonia lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1 : 175. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis, the exact place on
the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 'Hl'i; Mount Rainier, Piper 2108;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lycdl in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 87; Cleman Moun-
tain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, Juno, 1878; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg tfc Leiberg 752; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Blue Mountains, Homer
63; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
2k)NAL distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
2. Claytonia megarrhiza (A. Gray) Parry; Wats. Bibl. Index 118. 1878.
Claytonia arciica megarrhiza A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 406. 1862.
Type locality : Rocky Mountains. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to Alberta, Oregon, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1224; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 4, 1900.
3. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 137. 1832.
Claytonia cordifolia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 365. 1882.
Montia asarifolia Howell, Erythea 1 : 39. 1893.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 249
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2219; Flett 88; Goat Mountain, Allen
153; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1895; Silverton, Bouck 36; Klickitat River, Flett
1277; Kittitas Mountain, Whited 1284; head of Atanum River, //enderaon, August 24, 1892;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 103; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 603; Pend Oreille River,
Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Claytonia sibirica L. Sp. PI. 1 : 204. 1753.
Claytonia alsinoides Sims, Bot. Mag. 32: pi. 1309. 1810.
Moniia washingtoniana Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 220. 1898.
Mordia sibirica Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.
Type locality: "Habitat in Siberia."
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3861; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; King County, Suksdorf 957; Silverton, Bouck 35; Olympia, Kiii-
caid, July, 1896; Mount Rainier, Flett 241; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 151; Mount
Baker, Flett 854; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
2245, 256; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 426; Spokane, Watson 60; Dewart in 1901 ; with-
out locality, Cooper in 1854; Clarks Springs, Kreager 32; Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 425.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Claytonia arenicola Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 49. 1895.
Montia arenicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897.
Type locality: Lewiston, Idaho. Collected by Henderson.
Range: Idaho and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2290; Henderson
2430; Hangman Creek, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 15; Waitsburg, Hor-ner 64; Wawawai, Elmer 121;
Piper 2799, 3822; Clarkston, Hunter 6.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
6. Claytonia perfoUata Donn; Willd. Sp. PI. 1^: 1186. 1797.
MoTiiia perfoUata Howell, Erythea 1 : 38. 1893.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piperin 1885; without locality, Vasey 171; west Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 529, 530, 1879; Blue Mountains, Homer 67.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6a. Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greene, Fl. Fran. 179. 1891.
Type locality: "Middle elevations of the Sierra," California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1888; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
This is merely a form in which the cauline leaves are nearly or quite separate.
7. Claytonia parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 225. 1833.
Montia parviflora rupestris Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 221. 1898.
Montia parviflora hydrophila Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia parviflora silvatica Suksdorf, op. cit. 222.
Montia interrupta Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia pannflora Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.
Type locality: "Abundant along the course of the Columbia, in open parts of the forest
where wood has been burned, or the ground turned up by deer." Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California, Idaho, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 83; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 531, 956, 2017, 2097, 2092^ Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 204;
250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pullman, Elmer 845; Hull, May, 1892; Tukanon River, Lake, July 1, 1892; Waitsburg,
Horner 66; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2304, 2305; Tacoma, Flett 2157, 2197.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7a. Claytonia parviflora depressa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 281. 1887..
Monlia latifol'm Suksdorf, Dcutscli. Bot. Monatss. 16:222. 1898.
Montia arenaria Suksdorf, loc. cit.
MorUia humifusa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897.
Montia rubra Howell, Erythea 1:38. 1893.
MorUia pari-ijiora depressa Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 274. 1895.
fClaiftonia parn flora glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1:200. 1838.
Type locality: "On river banks, probably sand-washes, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and
adjacent Idaho."
Rancr: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens e.xamined: San Juan Lsland, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 53; Admi-
ralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 2259, 85; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
Douglas County, SpUlman; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 532, 1880, 1881, 2009, 2010,
2199; Waitsburg, Homer 65; Blue Mountains, Homer 68.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8. Claytonia spathulata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 226. 1833.
Montia spathulata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.
MorUia spathulata disciformis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898.
Ty'pe localit*': " North-Wcst coast of America " J/eruriea. "In the vallie-s of the Rocky
Mountains" Douglas.
Range: British Columbia Ui California.
Specimens examined: Laidlaw, Lamb 1116; Tacoma,/^Zett86, 4, 880; Klickitat County,
Hoioell, June, 1879; Major Creek, SuJt«dor/'2095.
8a. Claytonia spathulata exigua (Torr. & Gr.)
Claytonia exigua Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 200. 1838.
MorUia spathulata exigua Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 275. 1895.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 54; Bingen, iSuisdor/* 2094; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 255.
9. Claytonia chamissoi Ledeb.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 790. 1825.
Claytonia chamissonis Esch. Linnaea 6: 562. 1831.
MorUia chamissonis Greene, Fl. Fran. 180. 1891.
Type locality : " Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Minnesota.
Specimens examined: Roy, Allen, May 17, 1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 958; Upper
Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1288; Spokane County, Sand-
berg cfe Leiberg 88; Pullman, Elmer 818; Piper 1712; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Claytonia parvifolia Moc; DC. Prod. 3: 361. 1828.
Claytonia jilicaidis Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224. pi. 72. 1834.
MorUia parvifolia Greene, Fl. Fran 181. 1891.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.
Range: Alaska to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tacoma, Flett
213; Skokomish River, Henderson, May, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 37; Mount Rainier, Fktt
1405; Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, ^Wen 152, 152a; west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 1878; Klickitat River, Flett 1290; Yakima County, Brandegee 686; Peshastin,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 251
Sandberg cfe Leiberg 585; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfe Hull, August, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer
713; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution : Canadian and Transition.
11. Claytonia diffusa Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 1838.
Montia diffusa Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891.
Type locality: "In pine woods, a few miles above Fort Vancouver." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Gig Harbor, Flett 5; Larm River, Sulcsdorf 104; Seattle, Piper in
1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
12. Claytonia dichotoma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 202. 1838.
Montia dichotoma Howell, Erythea 1: 36. 1893.
Type locality: "In wet places on rocks, near the junction of the Wahlamet with the
Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Hills, G'orman, April, 1895: Eorvell%%; White Salmon,
Suksdorf, June, 1878; Spokane, Piper 2667, May 19, 1899; Pullman, Elmer 173; without
locality, Geyer 648.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
13. Claytonia linearis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224, pi. 71. 1834.
Montia linearis Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891.
Type locality: "Moist rocky places; on the Great and Little Falls of the Columbia,
abundant." Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 55; Tacoma, Flett 3; Klickitat River,
Flett 1289; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 41; without locality, Douglas; without
locality, Greyer 317; Pullman, £'Zmer 157; Piper 1713; 5ttZ/, May 24, 1892, Moore, May 16,
1893; Vancouver, Piper 4946; Seattle, Piper in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
14. Claytonia howellii (S. Wats.).
Montia howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883.
Type locality: "On Sauvies Island, in the Willamette River, Oregon." Collected by
Howell.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 241.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
SPRAGTJEA.
1. Spraguea multiceps Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.
Spraguea umbellata caudidfera A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 278. 1895.
Type locality: Mount Hood, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2091, 37; Allen 101; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877; Flett 1052; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 659; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SILENACEAE. Pink Family.
Sepals united; petals long-clawed.
Calyx 10 to many-nerved.
Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth Silene (p. 252).
Styles always 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth.
Calyx with tooth-like lobes Lychnis (p. 255).
Calyx with the lobes foliaceous Agrostemma (p. 256).
Calyx 5-nen'ed; styles 2.
Calyx cylindric, not angled Saponakia (p. 256).
Calyx ovate, angled Vaccaria (p. 256).
Sepals free to the base or nearly so.
Stipules wanting.
Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted, rarely none.
Capsule cylindric, usually curved Cerastium (p. 256).
Capsule ovate or oblong not curved Alsine (p. 257).
Petals entire or notched, rarely none.
Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them . Saoina (p. 259).
Styles fewer than the sepals or opptxsite them.
Disk of the receptacle conspicuous, 8 to lO-lolxul. Ammodenia (p. 2tK)).
Disk wanting.
Seeds each with a strophiole Moehrinoia (p. 260).
Seeds without strophioles Arenaria (p. 260).
Stipules present, scarious.
Fruit a one-seeded utricle ; sepals spine-tipped Pentaoaena (p. 264).
Fruit a capsule; sepals not spine-tipped.
Styles and valves of the capsule 5 Spergui.a (p. 263).
Styles and valves of the capsule 3 Tissa (p. 263).
SILENE. Catchfly.
Calyx with 15 nerves or more.
Nerves 18 to 23, prominent 1 . S. multinervia.
Nerves 15 to 20, obscure 2. 5. vulgaris.
Calyx with 10 nerves.
Plants annual or biennial.
Inflorescence a simple raceme. 3. S. anglica.
Inflorescence a cyme or a panicle.
Plant sticky hairy 4. S. noctifiora.
Plant glabrous, except that the middle portion of each
of the upper internodes is glutinous 5. S. antirrhina.
Plants perennial.
Acaulescent and densely matted 6. S. acaulis.
Caulescent.
Flowers solitary in the forks of leafy branches 7. S. menziem.
Flowers in terminal panicles, or occasionally solitary.
Calyx cylindric, narrowed at base ; ovary stipitate.
Blades of the petals cleft into 4 to 8 linear
lobes 8. S. oregana.
Blades of the petals cleft into 2 lobes.
Stems very leafy; petal-lobes small,
entire 9. S. spaldingii.
Stems not very leafy, petal-lobes
notched 10. S. scouleri.
Calyx campanulate; ovary not stipitate.
Plant 5 to 10 cm. high; flowers 1 to 3 11. S. suksdorjii.
Plants taller; flowers often numerous.
Blades of petals 2-lobed 12. S. douglasii.
Blades of petals 4-lobed, the lateral
lobes smaller .' 13. S. macounii.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 253
1. Silene multinervia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 126. 1890.
Type locality: "Near Jamuel," California.
Range: California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 44, doubtless introduced from California.
2. Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 9. 64. 1869.
Behen vulgaris Moench, Meth. 709. 1794.
Silene cucubalus Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. 241. 1799.
Cucuhalus behen L. Sp. PI. 1 : 414. 1753, not Silene behen L.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle. Piper 1817.
3. Silene anglica L. Sp. PI. 1: 416. 1753.
Silene gallica L. Sp. PI. 1 : 417. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Anglia, Gallia."
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, S'uA's^ior/" 1847; Seattle, Piper.
4. Silene noctiflora L. Sp. PI. 1 : 419. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Suecia, Germania."
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 34; Silverton, BoucTc 151 b; White Sal-
mon, SuJcsdorf 525; Pullman, Piper 1854.
5. Silene antirrhina L. Sp. PI. 1 : 419. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Carolina."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer
2750; Tacoma, Fleti, June, 1896; west Klickitat County , SuJcsdorf \^51 ; Stehekin, Whited
1404; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Almota, Piper 1707; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 111; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Transition.
6. Silene acaulis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1 : 603. 1762.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Austriacis, Helveticis, Pyrenaeis."
Range: Arctic regions, south to the White Mountains, and in the west to Washington
and Arizona. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1860; Mount Elinor,
Miss Getty, August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Flett 31; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Silene menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 90. pi. 30. 1830.
Silene stellarioides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 193. 1838.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Hope Island, Flett 2112; Whidby
Island, Gardner 41; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Thorp, Whited 634; Beaver Creek,
Whited 231; Wenache, Whited 156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf \^5A; North Yakima, Hender-
son in 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull, August, 1892; Harrington,
Sandberg & Leiberg 222; Spokane, Spalding; without locality, Vasey in 1889; "on the
Okanogan," Douglas; Asotin Creek, Hunter, June, 1900; Clarks Springs, Kreager 48, 620,
260; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893; Blue Mountains, Homer, July 17, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Professor Greene has recently proposed the genus Anotites, based on this species which he
regards as an aggregate of several. Of these A. viscosa Greenea is based on Homer's Blue
Mountains collection and A. nodosa b on Whited's Wenache collection.
o Leaflets 1: 98. 1905. &0p. cit. 100.
254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Silene oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 343. 1875.
'IVpe i^otALiTY: "In the Blue ^[ountains, Oregon." Collected by Nevius.
Raxge: Oregon and Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches River, Henderson 2567 ; Mount Stuart., Elmer 1237
;
Wliite Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Simcoe Hills, Howell 311; Skamania County, Siiksdoif
2038: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1297; Clarks Springs, Kreager 576; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2393.
Zonal distribition: Canadian and Hudsonian.
9. Silene spaldingiL S. Wat«. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875.
Type ix)CALITy: "On the Clear Water," Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker in 1900.
Zonal distribition: .\rid Transition.
10. Silene scouleri Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1 : 88. 1830.
Tj-PE LCK'ALm' : Fort Vancouver, Washington. Collected by Scouler.
Range: British '"olumbia to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examin-d: Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Yelm Prairie,
Smith 621; Tacoma, Flett 875; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1896; near Mount Stuart,
Brandegee 656; Tieton River, Cotton 491; Blue Mountains, Homer 571.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
11. Silene suksdorfii Robin.son, Bot. Gaz. 16: 44. 1891.
Type ux'ality: "Mt. Paddo (Adams), at. 7,000 to 8,000 feet altitude." Colleclxjd by
Suksdorf.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen, 239; Piper 2135, .623; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1178; Brandegee 6.54; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; SvJcsdorf 47 ; Howell
<fc Henderson, August, 1882; White River, Flett 304.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
12. Silene douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 18.30.
Silene dilaiata Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898.
Type locality': "Abundant in mountain valleys, above the Grand Rapids of the Colum-
bia, and among the Rocky Mountains on their western declivity." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2216; Elmer 2744, 2747; Wenache^
Whited 14; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfe Leiberg .574; Goat Mountains, Allen 124a; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf2\&i; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 7; Blue Mountains, Lake <& Hull,
July 4, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 5016.
Zonal distribution : Hudsonian to Transition.
12a. Silene douglasii monantha (S. Wats.) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 145. 1893.
Silene monantha S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 340. 1875.
Type locality: "On the debris at the base of Castle Rock, Cascades," Washington.
Collected by Harford & Dunn.
Specimens examined: Ca.stle Rock, Harford <& Dunn.
This is probably only a starv^ed shade plant, and not distinct. It is known only from the
type specimen.
12b. Silene douglasii brachycalyx Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 145. 1893.
Silene columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 78. 1897.
Type i>ocality: Multnomah County, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Skamania County, Suksdorf 2436; Baldy Peak,
Chehalis County, Lamd 1321.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 255
12c. Silene douglasii multicaulis (Nutt.) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 144. 1893.
Silene mulficauiis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 192. 1838.
Type locality: "Woods from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific."
Collected by JSuttall.
Range : British Columbia to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 141, 1146; Fllensbui^, Elmer 415; Spokane,
Henderson, July, 1892; Ramm, July, 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 250; Kreager 97;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2402; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Yakima region, Brandegee
655 (doubtfully referred here, the plant being viscid throughout); Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 676.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
13. Silene macoimii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891.
f Silene lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 342. 1875.
Silene douglasii macounii Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 144. 1893.
Silene douglasii macrocalyx Robinson, op. cit. 145, in part.
Silene douglasii viscida, Robinson, loc. cit.
Silene tetragyna Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898.
Type locality: "Summit of the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia." Collected by
Macoun.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper '22'i'l, 917; Loomis, Elmer 579;
Skagit Pass, Lalce cfe Hull 489; Peshastin, Sandberg dh Leiberg 529; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1178; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 817; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount
Adams, Su1csdorf24S'i, 2435; Mount Rainier, Piper 622, 2119, 2109; Smith 936; Skamania
County, Sulcsdorf, 1851 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Piper no. 622 is referred by Doctor Robinsona to Silene watsonii, but this seems to me an
error. Better material collected later in the same place is certainly S. macounii. Smith's
936, once referred doubtfully b to S. grayii, is the same thing.
Silene armeria L. is occasionally encountered as a garden escape. Sihns hooheri Nutt.,
included in Sukdorf's list, probably does not occur north of the Columbia River.
LYCHNIS.
Herbage white-tomentose ; calyx-teeth twisted 1. L. coronaria.
Herbage green, glandular-pubescent; calyx-teeth not twisted 2. L. drummondii.
1. Lychnis coronaria Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 643. 1789.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 144; Seattle, Piper in 1889.
A European species sometimes escaping from gardens and persisting.
2. Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 37, 432. 1872.
Silene drummondii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 89. 1830.
Type locality: "Plains of the Saskatchewan." Collected by Richardson and by
Drummond.
Hooker gives further: "Common on the elevated, gravelly soils, near Fort Vancouver,
and skirting the Blue Mountains. Douglas." As this species has not been collected in
Washington or Oregon since Douglas's time, it is almost certain that there is some error
in connection with Hooker's note.
oProc. Am. Acad. 28: 143. 1893; Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 222. 1897.
b Proc. Am. Acad. loc. cit.
256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
AOBOSTEMMA.
1. Agrosterama githago L. Sp. PI. 1: 435. 1753. Cockle.
TiPE locality: KuroptMvii.
Specimens e.xa.mined: Ellonsbui^, Whited 693; Pullman, Pi7>er, July, 1894.
SAPONABIA.
1. Saponaria officinalis L. Sp. PI. 1: 408. 1753.
TiPE locality: Kuropcan.
Specimens examined: Union Gap, Cotton 428.
VACCARIA.
1. Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton in Britt. & Br. 111. Fl. 2: 18. 1897. Cow cockle.
Saponaria vaeairia L. Sp. PI. 1 : 409. 1753.
Type Lt)CALiTY: "Habitat inter segetes Galliae, Gcnnaniae."
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg dt I^iherg 4G1; Waitsburg, Homer 395;
VVawawai, Lake <& Hull 490; Pullman, Piper 1706; Meyers Falls, Kreager 498.
Very common and troublesome in grain fields.
CERASTIUM.
Petals not longer than the sepals.
Pedicels longer than the calyx 1. C. vulgaium.
Pedicels not longer than the calyx 2. C. viscosum.
Petals decidedly longer than the .sepals.
Annual ; viscid pubescent ; pods nodding 3. O. nutans.
Perennial
;
pulx-scent
;
pods erect 4. C. arvense.
1. Ceraatium viilgatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 627. 1762.
Ty'pe locality: "Habitat in Scaniae & Europae australioris pratis, areis."
Specimens examined: Spokane, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 40; Seattle, Piper.
2. Ceraatium viscosum L. Sp. PI. 1: 437. 1753.
Type ixk'ality: European.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Oardner 39; upper Njsqually Valley, AUen 112;
Waitsburg, Homer 129; Seattle, Piper.
3. Cerastium nutans Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36. 1814.
Cerastimn longepedunculaium Muhl. Cat. 46. 1813, nom. nud.
Type locality: "En Pennsylvanie."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 47, 1016; Pend Oreille River, LyaU in 1861.
4. Cerastium arvense L. Sp. PI. 1 : 438. 1753.
Cerastium elongatum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 321. 1814.
Type locality: "Habitat in Scania australiori Europa."
Range: North temperate zone in America, Asia, and P^urope.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2749*; Olympic Mountains, Flett 87*,
808*; Humptulips, Lamb 1174; Goat Mountains, Allen 237*; Mount Adams, Flett 1060;
Seattle, -Smi^A, April, 1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Olympia, ffcTi-
derson, March, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; Elmer 177; Hull, May, 1892.
Zonal distribution : Transition to Arctic.
The specimens marked (*) are high alpine forms which approach C. alpinum hehrrirv-
gianum (Cham. & Schlecht.) Regel. Flett's 808 was listed as C. alpinum L. by Wiegand.a
a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 257
ALSINE. ChickWEED.
Lowest leaves petiolate.
Stems pubescent with a line of hairs; leaves ovate 1. A. media.
Ste^Tis glabrous, except at base; leaves shiny, the upper linear-
lanceolate 2. A. nitens.
Ijeaves all sessile.
Petals retuse or bifid at apex ; leaves lanceolate ; herbage gland-
ular-pubescent 11.^. jamesiana.
Petals deeply 2-parted; herbage not glandular.
Bracts of the inflorescence small, scarious.
Pedicels spreading; cyme diffuse.
Leaves linear, acute at each end; seeds smooth. . S. A. longifolia.
Leaves lanceolate, broadest near the base; seeds
rough 4. A. graminea.
Pedicels erect; cymes few-flowered 5. A. longipes.
Bracts of the inflorescence leafy.
Leaves lanceolate; petals small or none Q. A. borealis.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Sepals obtuse, without scarious margins 7. A. obiusa.
Sepals acute, with scarious margins.
Flowers cymose; leaves lance-ovate 8. yl. calycantha.
Flowers solitary, axillary; loaves ovate.
Herbage glabrous 9. yl . crispa.
Herbage finely puberulent 10.-4. washingtoniana.
1. Alsine media L. Sp. PI. 1: 272. 1753. Chickweed.
Stellaria viedia Cirill. Char. Comm. 36. 1784. .
Type locality: European.
Kange: Europe and Asia. Introduced as a weed in North America.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper, May, 1897.
A common weed, nearly everywhere in the State.
2. Alsine nitens (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 33. 1894.
Stellaria nitens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 185. 1838.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 587; Tacoma, Flett 100, 23; Nisqually Valley,
AUen 145; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 43; Pullman, Piper 1834; Elmer 108; Blue
Mountains, Horner 111.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 150. 1894.
Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. 479. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Washington and Kentucky.
Specimens examined: West Seattle, Piper 593; Marshall Junction, Piper 2258.
4. Alsine graminea (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 150. 1894.
Stellaria graminea L. Sp. PI. 1 : 422. 1753.
Type locality; European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 740; Pullman, Piper, September 6, 1899.
29418—OG M 17
258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 70. 1893.
SteU<tria longipes Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6: 327. 1822.
Type ux:al,it\: "Woods near Lake Ontario."
Range: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 102; Tacoma, Flett 193; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Clealuin, Henderson,
June 1892; Kittitas County, Whited, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Sprague, Sandberg d' Leiberg 133a; Medical Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Cold Creek, Cot-
ton 397; Kreager 2S; Pullman, ^wTZ 481; Piper 1710, 1711 ; without locality, fimrwZej^cc 661.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 149. 1894.
Stellaria borealis Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. 182. 1824.
Type ixx^ality: White Mountains, New Ilanipsiiire.
Range: Alaska to New England, soutli to California and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Si>attic, Smith 231;
Tacoma, Flett 162; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
155: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lj/aZ/ in 1859; Mount Adams, iS7/A-s(/'Or/"2302; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf !S^ ; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2437; Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
605; Cascade Mountains to Colville,/,i/a// in 1860; Spokane, Watson, September 24, 1880;
Tukanon River, Loire cfc //»// 480; Blue Mountains, Pi/wr 2454; without locality, ^mTw/ej^ee
662,664.
Zonal distbibution: Transition and Canadian.
6a. Alsine borealis alpestris (Fries) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 149. 1894.
Stellaria alpestris Fries, Mant. 1: 10. 1832.
SteOaria borealis corollina Fenzl. in Ledeb. Fl. Ros-s. 1: 382. 1842.
Alsine brachyjwtaUi (Bong.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 82. 1897.
Type ux^ALiTi": "In humidis alpiuni Jemtlandiae, Lapponiae, Norwegiao passim."'
Range: Alaska to Oregon and the Great Lakes. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Port Orcliard, Pijter 2313; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2438,
2430; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 526; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1864; without
locality, Brandegee.
7. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: .569. 18r().
Stellaria obtusa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 5. 1882.
Type locality: Gunnison River, Colorado.
Range: Washington to British Columbia and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Skokomish River, Piper, August, 1895.
8. Alsine calycantha (Ledeb.) Rydbei^, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 145. 1900.
Arenaria calycantha Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 534. 1812.
Stellaria calycantha Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 2: 127. 1832.
Alsine simcoei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 83. 1897.
Type locality: "Hab. in Siberia orientali."
Range: Alaska to California. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2134; Paradise River, Allen 159, 159a;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302,2^3; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 667; Klickitat County,
Howell 313; Skamania County, SwArstfor/" 2194; Wenache trail, 5ran<Zegfee 668.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The Mount Rainier specimens were erroneously referred to A.vliginosa (Murr.) Britton,
by Howell.
o
'<
Alsiv£ simcoei Howell differs from A. calycantha only in being unusually pubescent.
oFl. N.W.Am. 1:82. 1897.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 259
9. Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 216. 1895.
Stellaria crispa Cham. & Sclilecht. Linnaea 1 : 51. 1826.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to CaHfomia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall
in 1858; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 156; Skamania County, Suksdorf ISQS; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 333; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The Blue Mountains specimens are not typical, and probably represent a new subspecies.
10. Alsine •washingtoniana (Robinson) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Stellaria washingtoniana Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 26: 166. 1898.
Type locality: "In alder woods of the upper valley of the Nisqually, upon the slopes
of Mount Rainier, Washington." Collected by O. D. Allen.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 2238; valley of the Nisqually, Allen 157.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
11. Alsine jamesiana (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Stellaria jamesiana Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 169. 1828.
Stellaria jamesii of authors.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 818; Wenache Mountains
Whited, June, 1896; Clealum, Henderson 2568.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. SAGINA.
Herbage glandular-puberulent 3. S. cUiata.
Herbage glabrous.
Stems slender ; leaves scarcely fleshy 1. S. occidentalis.
Stems rather stout ; leaves fleshy 2. S. crassicaulis.
1. Sagina occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875.
Type locality: "In the valleys and borders of salt marshes from Oregon to San
Francisco."
Range : British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Seattle, Smith 744; Piper 470;
Coupeville, Gardner 47, 48; Mount Rainier, Piper 2631, 745; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
2. Sagina crassicaulis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883.
Type locality: "On Dillon's Beach, Marin County, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Piper 2312; Ocosta, Henderson, June 26, 1892;
Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1885; Piper 4996.
The species of this genus are illy defined, and we seriously doubt that S. crassicaulis and
S. occidentalis are really distinct. Alpine forms here referred to the latter have been con-
sidered to be S. linnaei Presl (S. saginoides (L.) Britt.), which, indeed, may be correct.
3. Sagina ciliata (Greene).
Alsinella ciliata Greene, Fl. Fran. 126. 1891.
Type locality: "Vicinity of lone," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, in dry soil, Piper in 1889.
260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. MOEHRINGIA.
Petals longer than the obtusish sepals I. M. lateriflora.
Petals shorter than the acuminate sepals 2. M. macrophyUa.
1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fonzl, Verbr. Alsin. 18. 1833.
Arenwia Jaterifolia L. Sp. PI. 1 : 423. 1753.
Type ixx-amty: SilH>riii.
Range: Oregon to Colorado and New Jersey, and northward. Asia.
Specimen.s examined: Mason County, Piper 1022; Rock Lake, /Sfl7M?ftfr^ tfc 7><!r6<!r</ 123;
Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Hull 483; Pij^r, June, 1893; Walla Walla,
Brnndegee 671.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes E.xped. 246. 1874.
Arenaria inacrojthi/lla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.
Type i/x-amty: "North-West America, in .shady woods." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to California and eastward to Lake Sujierior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Tacoma, Flett 87; Mount Rai-
nier, Piper 2128; upper Ni-squally Valley, Allen 158; White Salmon, Suksdoif2!^; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1356; Clealum, Whited 361 ; Nason Creek, Sandherg <& Leiberg 627; without
locality, ^roTw/cj^ee 670; Kamiak Butte, J/oore 1705; Pend Oreille River, LyoZZ in 1861
;
Wawawai, Lake tfc Hull 784; Mount Carlton, Kreager 219; Cape Horn, Piper 5014.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
AMMODENIA.
1. Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 2: 25. 1845.
Arenaria peploidfs L. Sp. PI. 1: 423. 1753.
Honkenyn peploides Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 181. 1788.
Type ixk-alitj-; European.
Ran<ie: On the seashore, Arctic regions, southward to Washington and New Jersey.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854; Beliinghain Bay, Suksdorf
1867; Ilwaco, Henderson 2156; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
la. Ammodenia peploides major (Hook.)
AreTMria peploides major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.
Honkenya oblongifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 176. 18:«.
Arenaria silchensis Dietr. Syn. PI. 2: 1565. 1839-52.
Type locality: "De Fuca's Straits." Collected by Scouler.
Rancje: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1248; Whidby island, Gardner 45; near Seattle,
Piper, July, 1897.
2k)NAL distribution: Humid Transition.
ABENABIA.
Valves of the capsule 2-toothed.
Annual; leaves ovate 1. A. serpyllifolia.
Perennials; leaves very narrowly linear.
Sepals obtuse; flowers in loose cymes 2. A. capillaris.
Sepals not obtuse.
Petals longer than the ovate acute 3-nerved sepals.
Flowers in dense clusters 3. ^. congesta.
Flowers in loose clusters 4. ^. glabrescens.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 261
Petals shorter than the pungent, lanceolate 1-nerved
sepals 5. A. franklinii.
Petals wanting; plants minute, usually purplish 8. A. pusilla.
Valves of the capsule entire.
Petals present.
Leaves linear or lance-linear; marsh plants with soft and
flaccid leaves and stems G. A. jxihtdicola.
Leaves subulate or filiform, rather rigid.
Sepals obtuse 11. A. sajanensis.
Sepals acute or cuspidate.
Plants densely matted or tufted, alpine; cymes
few-flowered.
Herbage glandular; sepals not strongly nerved . 10. A. nuttallii.
Herbage not glandular; sepals strongly nerved . 9. A. vema.
Plants loosely or not at all matted; cymes dichoto-
mously branched, several to many-flowered; low-
land plant 7. A. tenella.
1. Arenaria serpyUifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 423. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 369;
Seattle, Piper 551; Tacoma, Flett 2022; Clarke County, Suksdorf imS, 101.
2. Arenaria capillaris Poir. Encycl. 6: 380. 1804.
Type locality: "Dans la Sib^rie."
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp
River, Whited 211; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1283; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
681; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 486; without locality, Brandegee 674; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 238; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1187.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Arenaria capillaris nardifolia(Ledeb.) Regel, Bull.Soc. Nat.Mosc. 35: 253. 1830.
Arenaria nardifolia Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. 1 : 4. pi. 6. 1829.
Type locality: "Hab. in rupibus alpium Altaicarum."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 806; Mount Rainier, Piper 620, 2121;
Allen 238; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1115; Klickitat River, Flett 1059.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Arenaria congesta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 178. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River of the
Lake of Timpanagos." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Chelan, Whited 1377; Conconully, Whited 1320; White Blufl",
Lake & Hull 485; Wilson Creek, Lake tfe Hull 482; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897;
Spokane, Spaulding; Suksdorf 252; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
July, 1892; Piper, July, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 100.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Arenaria glabrescens (S. Wats.)
Arenaria fendleri glabrescens S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 40. 1871.
Arenaria fendleri subcongesta S. Wats. loc. cit.
Arenaria burkei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 85. 1897.
Type locality: Toyabe Mountains, Nevada.
Range: Washington to Alberta, Arizona, and California.
262 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HEKBAKIUM.
Specimens examined: Upper Wcnas River, Henderson 25(i6; Clenuui Mountnin,
Ilenderson'iu 1892; F^Uensbui-g, M'Ai/cd 66G;Coulee City, Lol-fcfcZ/i///, August, 1892, juiutioii
CVab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg'2Q4\ Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Arenaria franklinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1830.
Type locality: "Abundant on barren sandy plains and undulating grounds of the
Columbia, from the 'Great' to the 'Kettle' falls." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper 2970; Hindshaw 6; Klickitat County, Leckenhy,
May, 1898; North Yakima, Seruierson, May, 1892; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 254; Bick-
leton, Suksdorf 253; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wilson Creek
Sandberg d- Leiberg 296; Wallula, CoUon 1026, 1044.
if^NAL DisTRiBLTiON : Upper Sonoran.
6. Arenaria paludicola Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 298. 1894.
Arenaria palustris S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 70. 1876, not Gay. 1845.
Alsiru palustris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3: 61. 1863.
Type ix)Cality: San Franci.sco, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Near Taconia, /"VcW, September, 1896.
Zonal distribi'tion : Humid Transition.
7. Arenaria tenella Nutt., Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838.
'Arenaria striata fi Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1830.
Type locality": "Rocky places, plains of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,Z^a//in 1859; WHiidby Island,
Gardner 46; Tacoma, Flett 890, 190; Olympia, Kincatd, July, 18C6; Henderson, May, 1892;
Woodlawn, £?eTufer«on, June, 1892; Steilac(H)m, Snckley; Piper; Columbia River, iVuttaZ/;
Roy, Allen, May 23, 1889; Yelm, Piper in 1888, Stuart Island, Lawrence 42.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
8. Arenaria pusilla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882.
Type locality: Yreka, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf 249; Waitsburg, Homer 128; Pull-
man, Piper 1885.
Zonal' distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Arenaria vema rubella ( Walil.) S. Wats. Bibl. Index 99. 1878.
Alsine rubella Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 1 : 28. pi. 6. 1812.
Arenaria hirta glabrata Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1 : 56. 1826.
Type locality: "Hab. in summitate alpis Lyngensis Nordlandiae septentrionalis
circiter 3,000 pedes paris. supra mare elevata."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2115; Smith 777; Flett 228; Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2748.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Hooker o reports A. vema from the Columbia, collected by Menzies and by Douglas.
Hooker's plant can scarcely be the rare Alpine plant here consideied.
Flett's 228 was referred by Wiegand b to the scarcely distinct A. propinqua Richards.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 99. 1830. ^Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 263
10. Arenaria nuttallii Pax; Engler's, Bot Jahrb. 18: 30. 1893.
Arenaria piingens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838, not Clem. 1816.
Type locality: "Summit of hills in the Rocky Mountain range (lat. 41°)."
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 676; Elmer 1118; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 48; Howell <& Henderson, August, 1882; Henderson, August 10, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
11. Arenaria sajanensis Willd. Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. 7: 200. 1813.
Type locality: "Auf der ostlichen Hohen des altaischen G«birges," Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south in the mountains to Arizona. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 805; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; near Mount Baker, Flett 860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 672; Elmer 1119;
Mount Adams, Flett 1353; Sulcsdorf 175; Loomis, Elmer 623.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species appears in Suksdorf's list as "A. biflora Wats, var.''
SPEBGULA.
1. Spergula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 440. 1753. Spurrey
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Harduiick, July, 1895.
TISSA.
Maritime plants; leaves very fleshy.
Perennial, large-rooted; flowers large '. l.T. macrotheca.
Annual, fibrous-rooted ; flowers smaller 2. T. marina.
Not maritime; leaves not fleshy.
Stipules elongate, silvery 3. T rubra.
Stipules short, deltoid 4. T. diandra bracteata.
1. Tissa macrotheca (Hornem.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 129. 1889.
Arenaria macrotheca Hornem.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 53. 1826.
Lepigonum macrothecum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 14. 1835. nam. nud.
Type locality: "In sabulosis Califomiae."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Stuart Island, Lawrence 138.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Tissa marina (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 16: 126. 1889.
Arenaria rubra marina L. Sp. PI. 1 : 423. 1753.
Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl, FI. Cech. 95. 1819.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Atlantic and Pacific coasts and alkaline places in the interior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2746; Whidby Island, Gardner 363;
Seattle, Piper, September 4, 18S0; Howell372; Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Whatcom
County, S«;ts(Zor/ 954; 1874, 1872.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
3. Tissa rubra (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 127. 1889.
Arenaria rubra L. Sp. PI. 1 : 423. 1753.
Spergularia rubra J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 94. 1819.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to California. Atlantic States. Europe.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2745; Tacoma, Flett 179; Oakesdale,
Piper, July 19, 1894; Union Flat, Lake cfc Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 112;
Newport, Kreager 452.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2f>4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3a. Tissa rubra perennans (Kindh.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 229. 1892.
lA'pigonum rubrnm jyerennans Kindb. Monogr. 41. 1863.
Spergularia rubra perennans Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 2.'J0. 1897.
Type localitj-: Sweden.
Range: Washington and Idaiio to California. ^Europe.
Specimens exa.mined: Sat-sop, Heller 4026; Kalama, Piper, October, 1901; Lake Park,
Pij)er 2126; Klickitat County, Brandegee 678; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 2081;
Stuart Island, iMurence 196.
4. Tissa diandra bracteata (Robinson).
Spergularia mlstnginea bracteata Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 251. 1897.
Type ux"ai,ity: Texas.
Range: Washington to Calif»>rnia and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sxilcsdorf 2082, 176; Egbert Springs
Samlherg d' I^iberg 346.
Zonal distribition: Upper Sononin.
PENTACAENA.
1. Pentacaena ramosisaima (Wcinm.) Hook. & Am.; H(H)k. Bot. Misc. 3: 338. 1833.
Loeflingia ramosissima Weinrn. Bot. Z<>it. 3: 6(XS. 1820.
Paronychia? ramosiitsinia DC. Prod. 3: 372. 1828.
Type ixk'ality: "In apricis siccis Chili."
Range: Wa-shington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Westport, IlelUr 3939; Oyhut, Lamb 1262; Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
NYMPHAEACEAE. Waterlily Fa>hi.y.
Ijeaves peltate; carpels several, 1-seeded Brasenia.
Leaves cordate ; carpel 1 , mai;y-seeded Nymphaea.
BRASENIA.
1. Brasenia Echreberi Grael. Syst. Veg. 1: 853. 1796. Watershield.
Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. Fl. 1 : 324. 1803.
Brasenia peltata Pursh, Fl. 2: .'J89. 1814.
Brasenia purpurea Casp. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3^:6. 1888.
Type ix)CALITi' : None given.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, .southward to California, Texas, and Florida.
Asia. Australia. Africa.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, Piper, July, 1895; Silver Lake, Henderson,
October, 1892; Davis Lake, Kreager 443.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
NYMPHAEA.
1. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 84. 1888. Wokas.
Nuphar polysepalum Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 282. 1865.
Type locality: "In small lakes, in the higher Rocky Mountains, from the sources
of the Platte, near Long's Peak, lat. 40°, to those of the Columbia River, lat. 44°."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1260; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46; Union Flat,
Lake cfc Hull 421 ; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager 426.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
The common form of this species has floating leaves, but in some lakes a form occurs in
which the leaf blade is held above the water. Forms with the outer sepals red-tinged
PIPER—FLORA OF THE ;5TATE OF WASHINGTON. 265
(Nuphar polysepalum pidum Engelm.) are of frequent occurrence. Nymphaea advena has
several times been reported from Washington, but it is improbable that that species occurs
so far west, the above being mistaken for it.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE.
CERATOPHYLLUM.
1. CeratophyUum. demersum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753. Hornwort.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Temperate North America. Europe.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, Piper, July 12, 1895.
This plant is common in lakes, but is rarely collected. Fruiting specimens are very
rare. Good material is a desideratum, as there is some probability that more than one
species occurs in Washington.
RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Family.
Carpels with solitary ovules; fruit an akene.
Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves opposite Clematis (p. 266).
Sepals imbricated in the bud; leaves not opposite.
Cauline leaves three in a whorl.
Styles short, glabrous or pubescent Anemone (p. 267).
Styles long, plumose Pulsatilla (p. 268).
Cauline leaves alternate or leaves all basal. •
Petals none; flowers small, numerous in corymbs or
panicles. Leaves ternately decompound Tiialictrum (p. 268).
Leaves simple, palmate Trautvetteria (p. 269).
Petals present.
Akenes numerous on an elongate receptacle;
~^
flowers solitary on scapes ; leaves entire . . . Myosurus ( p. 269 )
.
Akenes in a globose or oblong cluster.
Flowers white; akenes transversely wrin-
kled Batrachium (p. 270).
Flowers yellow; akenes not transversely
wrinkled Ranunculus (p. 270).
Carpels with several ovules, in fruit follicles or berries.
Flowers regular.
Leaves simple, palmate.
Petals none; leaves cordate-orbicular Caltha ( p. 277).
Petals linear-spatulate ; leaves palmately parted . . Trollius (p. 277).
Leaves compound.
Sepals spurred Aquilegia (p. 278).
Sepals not spurred.
Petals large; sepals persistent; flowers solitary. Paeonia (p. 278).
Petals small ; sepals deciduous.
Carpels becoming berries; flowers in
Racemes Actaea (p. 278).
Carpels becoming follicles.
Follicles stipitate ; flowers solitary or
' umbellate ; leaves coriaceous, ever-
green CoPTis (p. 278).
Follicles sessile; flowers racemo.sc;
leaves membranous, deciduous. . . Cimicifuga (p. 278).
Flowers irregular.
Upper sepal spurred
;
petals 4 Delphinium (p. 279).
Upper sepal hood-like; petals 2 Aconitum (p. 282).
266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CLEMATIS.
Erect herbs; leaves coinpt)iiiui with narrow segiueiits 1.6^. hirsutissima.
Half-woody climbers.
Flowers large, blue, solitary.
Leaves ternate, the leaflets mostly •entire 2. C. columbiana.
Leaves biternate or nearly so 3. C alpina occidentcdis.
Flowers small, white, panicled.
Akenes pubescent with straight hairs 4. C. ligusticifolia.
Akenes pubescent with crinkly hairs 5. C. suksdorjii.
1. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. 2: 385. 1814. Sugar bowls.
Clematis douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. .\m. 1:1. 1829.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, Oregon, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Watervillc, Whited 1211 ; Spokane County, <SMA-s</or/"229; Hang-
man Creek, Sandberg d' Leiberg 14 ; Pullman, Piper 1450.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The leaves of this plant taste like strychnine, and Geyer gives an account of the way
the Nez Perce Indians used it to stimulate fagged horses by rubbing it in their nostrils.
2. Clematis columbiana (.Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 11. 1838.
Atragene columhiatia Xutt. .lourn. Acad. Phila. 7: 7. 1834.
Clematis ivrticillarts columbiana Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 8. 189.5.
f Atragene grosseserrata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 156. 1902.
Type locality: "Flathead River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Allx'rta to Utah.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Carlton; Kreager 287,
291 ; Pend Oreille River, Lyatl in 1861.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Canadian.
3. Clematis alpina occidentalis (Hornem.) Gray in Powell, Gcol. Surv. Dakota 531.
1880.
Atragene occidentalis Hornem. Hort. Havn. 520. 1813.
Clematisp8eudoatragenepseudoalpinaKuntze,Werh.Boi.Wer.Bra,nd(ii\hiirg26: 160. 1884.
Type locality: Unknown.
Range: Washington to Dakota and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1095; Swauk Creek Moun-
tains, Brandegee GOO; Cowlitz Pass, Tweedy in 1882.
Doctor Rydlierga maintains that Hornemann's name belongs to the plant usually called
Clematis verticiUaris columbiana, and therefore takes up Kuntze's name in the combination
Atragene pseudoalpina for the above species.
4. Clematis Ugusticifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:9. 1838.
Clematis ligustifolia brevifolia Nutt. loc. cit.
Clematis brevifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 8. 1897.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, iSu^srfor/" 1954; Egbert Springs, Sandberg
<& Leiberg 386; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October, 1892; Parker,
Dunn, August 8, 1901; Wenache, Whited 175, 1333; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892;
Wawawai, Piper 1455; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 408; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2338;
Pullman, £'^mer 291; without locaHty, Fasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Zrmgrer 122; Prosser,
Cotton 623.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran, occasionally Arid Transition.
a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 155. 1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 267
5. Clematis suksdorfii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 4. 1895.
Type locality: Klickitat River, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
RAN(iE: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, /SwArsc^or/ in 1881.
Clematis graveolens Lindl., an Asiatic species, has been collected by Leckenby near
Ziliah as a garden escape.
ANEMONE.
Akenes densely woolly.
Leaves hairy, the lobes linear 1. A. hudsoniana.
Leaves glabrate, the lobes usually cuneate 2. A. drummondii.
Akenes not woolly.
Involucral leaves simple 3. A. deltoidea.
Involucral leaves 3 to 5-foliolate.
Flowers 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, white A. A. lyallii.
Flowers 20 to 35 mm. in diameter.
Sepals blue 5. A. oregana.
Sepals white 6. A. quinquefolia.
1. Anemone hudsoniana (DC.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823.
Anemone multifida hudsoniana DC. Syst. 1 : 209. 1818.
Type locality: "Ad sinum Hudsonianum."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Arizona, Nebraska, and Maine.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Elmer^ 2678; Flett 121; Goat
Mountain, Allen 250; Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; Loomis, Elmer 566. "
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Anemone drummondii S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 424. 1880.
Anemone haldensis L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.
Type locality : Sierra County, California.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to CaUfornia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2007; Flett 131; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf, July 11, 1886; Flett 1268;. Mount Rainier, Flett 2171.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Anemone deltoidea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1829.
Type locality : " In thick shady woods of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: In the coast region, Washington to north California.
Specimens exmained: Roy , Allen 81 ; upper Nisqually Valley, ^ZZew 18; 0\ympia, Hen-
derson, May, 1892; Skamania County, SuJcsdorf 2341 ; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29,
1886; Vancouver, Piper 4947; Capo Horn, Piper 5005; Eaton ville, Flett 2214.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Anemone lyallii Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 227. 1891.
Anemone quinquefolia lyallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 13. 1895.
Type locality: Sumas woods, Lower Fraser River, British Columbia. Collected by
Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2675; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2046; Silverton, Bouck 11a; Klickitat River, Flett 1273; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 301;
McNeils Island, Flett 54; Roslyn, Whited 299; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1958.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Transition.
5. Anemone oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.
Anemone quinquefolia oregana Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fi. 1: 13. 1895.
Ty!pe locality: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Mrs. Barratt.
268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ranc;e: Wasliington and Oregon.
Specimens examinep: Klickitat County, Suksdarf; Skamania County, Suh<(drof 2;
Falron Valley, Suksdoif, May 9, 188(i; Shiinpode Pass, Ileiulcrson in 1892; Roslyn, Whited
298; Blue Mountains, Ilnrner .*>(); without locality, Vaaey in 1889.
6. Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 541. 1753.
Anemone pi/xTi Britton, Bull. Torn. Club 29: 153. 1902.
TiPE locality: Virginia.
Range: British Colunihia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Georgia.
Specimens exa-vined: Skokoinish Valley, Kinraid, May, 1892: Mount Adams, Hender-
son 4; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1801; foothilLs of Blu<' Mountains. Horner 51; Mount
Carlton, Kreat/er 228,253; Kamiak Butte. Elmer 393:(iranville, Comird 3(51 ; Mount Baldy,
Connrd 2(v{.
Zonal dlstkibition: Canadian.
Tile west«>rn ft»rm of .1. (jiiimjuffolia L. is considered by Doctor Britton a distinct species,
but the apparent dilTerences are very slight. Our |)lant has been referred to lus A. trlfolin L.,
and it is the ba.><is of the "-1. tetonenxis Porter?" in Suksdorf's list. Horner's 51 has dark
purple flowers and may Ik- di.stinct.
Anemone narcirsiflora L. is accredited to Wa.shington byTorrey upon specimens col-
lected at Port Di.scovery by the Wilkes expedit ion. The specimen in the Nat ional 1 lerbarium
is very young but it is not an Anemone. Apparently it is a Ranunculus, passibly an unusual
form of li. occidentalis Nutt.
PULSATILLA.
1. Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn, Deut.sch. Bot. Monatss. 8: 78. 1890.
Anemone occidenlfititi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 121. 187G.
Anemone alpina L. err. det. Ilmik. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.
Type locality: "In the mountains from British Columbia .southward to Mount Shasta
and Las-sen's Peak."
Ra.noe: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2626; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Pijter 2006; Allen 98; Nason Creek, Smulherg cfc Leiberg 654;
Entiat Creek, Mm. Howe; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull 407; Bridge Creek, Elmer 694;
above Lake Chelan, T. E. Wilcox in 1883.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
THALICTRUM. Meadow rub.
Akenes compressed, 2-edged.
Leaflets thin ; inflorescence loose 1 . T. occidentale.
Leaflets rather thick, veiny; inflorescence narrow, close 2. T. venulosum.
Akenes terete; leaves usually glandular 3. T. purpurascens.
1. Th.alictr\xni occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 372. 1872.
Thalidrum dioicum oxycarpum Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 212. 1874.
Type locality: Vancouver Island. Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick and Maine, south to California and Wyoming.
Specimens exa.mined: Clalium County, Elmer 2668; Goat Mountain, Allen 247; Silver-
ton, Bouckl; Skamania County, SwArstZor/" 2339; Simcoe Mountains, //oweW 307; Wcnache,
Whited 8; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiberg 788; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 405; Pend
Oreille River, Lj/aZZ in 1861; Mount Rainier, Piper 2022; Spokane, //en,(Ze,-.s),n, June, 1893;
Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse C\ty, Henderson, i\^\y 1892; Blue Mountains,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 269
Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1467, June, 1893; without locality, Brandeyee 601;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
In Hooker's Flora our species was referred to T. dioicum L.
2. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886.
Type locality: "British America, Washington Territor}^, Wyoming, and Colorado."
Range: British Columbia to south Dakota, Colorado, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Upper Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Rock Lake, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 113; Loomis, Elmer 599; Pullman, Lake <& Hull 404; Piper 1467.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. PI. 1: 546. 1753.
Tyee locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Saskatchewan to Canada, Florida, Arizona, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 377.
Thalictrum polycarpum Wats. This species appears in Suksdorf's list, but no good
evidence exists of its occurrence in Washington.
TRAUTVETTERIA.
1. Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 37. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.
S"'ecimens examined: Clallam County, iEimer 2676; ChehalisCounty,Z«m61198; Mount
Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 295; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 17; Mount Adams,
Svksdorf 494; Cascade Mountains near Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1467; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 692; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 257, 197.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
* MYOSURUS. Mouse tail.
Carpels prominently beaked; spikes 2 to 6 cm. long 1. M. apetalus.
Carpels obscurely beaked; spikes elongate.
Spikes very slender, 10 to 50cm. long; seeds oblong la. M. apetalus lepturus.
Spikes stouter and shorter; seeds oval.
Salt-marsh plant, mainly maritime 3. M. major.
Not of salt marshes 2. M. iiaiuinus.
1. Myosurus apetalus Gay, Fl. Chil. 1: 31. pi. 1. 1845.
Myosurus aristatus Benth; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 458 l)is. 1847.
Type locality: "Provincia de Coquimbo." Chile.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and California. Chile. New Zealand.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 492; Eilcnsburg, Piper, May 20,
1897; Pasco, Hindshaw 32; Spraguc, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 136; Rockland, Suksdorf 834; Si.
Johns, Piper 2796; Almota, Piper 2789; Pullman, Piper 1355; Waitsburg, Horner 182.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Myosurus apetalus lepturus A. Gray, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 2. 1886.
Myosurus tenellus Greene, Pittonia 3:- 258. 1898.
Myosurus tenellus amphioxys Greene, ioc. cit.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2343; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf
270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2346, 493; Mabton, Cotton 321; Rockland, 5uJt«for/'1959; Rock Creek, Piper 2790; Coulee
City, Piper 3875; Rock Lake, Sandberg d' Leiberg 112; Spokane, Pijier 2283; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 3; Waverly, Suksdotf, 2342; Pullman, Elmer 184; Piper 1459.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. MyosiiruB minimus L. Sp. PI. 1: 284; 1753.
Type IjOCality: European.
Range: Washington and California to Illinois and Florida. Europe.
Specimens e.xamineo: West Klickitat County, SwArsdor/" 2344.
3. Myosurus major Greene, Pittonia, 3: 257. 1898.
Tyi'k i.<hai,ity: Siskyou County, California.
Specimens e.xamined: Coupeville, Gardner 11; Clallam County, Elmer 2674; Stuart
Island, iMUTence T7.
Zonal distbibution : Humid Transition.
BATRACHIUM.
1. Batrachium aquatdle (L.) Winuii. Fl. Scliles. 8. 1841. Water crowfoot.
Ranunculus aquatUis L. Sp. PI. 1: 556. 1753.
Type ix)cality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Oy\mi, Lamb 1261; Tacoma, Lockenby, May, 1898; Flett, May 9,
1895; White Salmon, Suk>tdorf: Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 90\ Walla Walla region,
Brandegee 606; Pullman, Elmer 841; IIuU 409; Falcon Valley, ^'uifcst/o;/ 1960.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Canadian.
la. Batrachium aquatile pantothrix (Brot.).
Ilanunculu.1 iMntothrix Brot. Fl. Lusit. 2: 375. 1804.
Ranunculufs aquatilis trichophyllvs A. Gray, Man ed. 5, 40. 1867.
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix.; Vill. Fl. Dauph. 1: 335. 1786, nom. nud.
Type locality: "Circa Conimbricam" in Lusitania.
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Tennessee. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Cascade Mountains to Colville, LyaZZ in
1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 265; Harrington, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
220; Marshall Junction, Piper; Box Canyon, Kreager 395; Chewelah, Z'reajfcr 528; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Hull 410.
The form in flowing streams usually has longer and more flaccid leaf-segments. It is
Ranunculus Jlacddus Pers. or Batrachium jiaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. and is probably worthy
of recognition as a subspecies.
lb. Batrachium aquatile caespitosum (DC.)
Ranunculus aquatilis caespitosus DC. Prod. 1 : 26. 1824.
Type ixx:ality: None given.
Range: Same as of B. aquatile.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2633, 2943; Waitsburg, Horner 41.
RANUNCULUS. Buttercup.
Plants aquatic or subaquatic ; leaves finely dissected when
submersed, less so when aerial.
Akenes corky margined; flowers 15 to 25 mm. broad. 1. R. delphinifolius.
Akenes marginless; flowers 7 to 15 mm. broad 2. R. purshii.
PIPER—TLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 271
I'lants terrestial but often growing in very wet places ; leaves
never finely dissected.
Akenes thin-walled, the faces nerved ; leaves crenate
;
plant
spreading by runners 22. R. cymhalaria.
Akenes not thin-walled nor nerved.
Leaves entire or nearly so.
Stems creeping, rooting from the nodes.
Leaves lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long 3. fl. fiammula unalascJi-
ens^is.
Leaves linear-spatulate, ^ to 2 cm. long 3a. R. flammula reptans.
Stems erect, not rooting from the nodes.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high ; leaves lanceolate or
oblong 4. R. alismaefalius.
Plants 10 to 25 cm. high.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate 4a. R. alismaefolius alis-
mellus.
Leaves cordate or subcordate 6. ^. pojnilago.
Leaves or some of them lobed or divided.
Facesof the akenes scabrous ormuriculate ; annuals.
Pubescent; akenes hispid with hooked hail's. . 20. R. hehecarp^is.
Nearly glabrous; akenes minutely spiny 21. R. muricatus.
Faces of the akenes smooth or merely pilose;
mostly perennials.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so; low species.
Basal leaves 2 to 4 toothed or lobed, rarely
entire; cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted 7. R. glaherrimus.
Basal and cauline leaves all divided.
Annual ; leaves 3 to 5-lobed or parted, the
lobes crenately incised or cleft ; akenes
apiculate 9. /?. sceleratus.
Perennials.
Leaves triternately divided, the seg-
ments linear or linear-spatulate. ... 8. R. triiernatus.
Leaves roundish in outline 3 to .5-cleft
into cuneate divisions; alpine
plants. ^
Head of akenes globose
;
petals large,
showy 10. R. suksdorfii.
Head of akenes oblong.
Leaves pubescent; mostly crenate
or lobed 5. -B. cardiophyllus.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; deep-
ly cleft.
Style straight ; leaves ciliate, not
cordate 11. R. eschscholtzii.
Style recurved; leaves cordate,
not ciliate 12. R. verecundus.
Herbage pubescent or hirsute; mostly tall
and coarse species.
Beaks of the akenes hooked at tip.
Petals showy; pubescence villous 14. R. occidentalis.
Petals very small, pale; pubescence
hirsute.
Akenes smooth IS. R. bongardii.
,
Akenes hispid on the faces 13a. R. bongardii greenei.
272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Beaks of the akenes not hooked at tip.
Akenos with a short lH*ak.
Plants decumbent, creeping by
stolons; petals show}' 17. i?. re]>ens.
Plants erect or ascending, not
stoloniferous.
Headof akenes oblong: petals
not longerthan the sepals. . 15. R. /)enniiiflmnicus.
Head of akenes globose : petals
longer than the sepals.
Herbage smooth or but lit-
tle hirsute IG. R.oreganus.
Herbage very hirsute 16a. R.oreganus macounii
Akenes with a long beak.
Leaf segments rathersmal I, linear
to cuneate-ol)ovate, and 2 or
3-lol)ed t)r tcHJthed \9>. R. orthorhynchus.
Leaf segments large, 2 to 6 cm.
long, oblong to ovate, cleft and
incise 19. /f. j)latyphyllus.
1. Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. in Eaton, Man. ed. 2. 395. 1818.
Rannncnlm midtijidm Pui-sh, Fl. 2: 730. 1814, not Forst. 1775.
Type i/x;aijtv: None given. *
Range: British Columbia to Canada, south to California and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Hcn-k Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 82; west Klickitat County,
Snk(Klorf234H: Cheney, Mm. Tucker ><S.
Zonal dkstribution: Arid Transition.
la. Ranunculus delphinifolius terrestris (A. Gray).
Ranunculii^s imdtifidu.'* ierre.slris A. dray, Nhui. ed. 5. 41. 1872.
Type ixk'Ai.ity: Aim Arbor, Michigan.
Range: Same as of the sp<'cies.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Si/Jtsdor/".
2. Ranunculus putBhii Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Jourii. 741. 1S23.
Ranunculus /mo.w.v Nutt.; Torr. & Or. Fl. 1: 2(). 1838.
Type locality: "Wooded country from latitude 54° to 64° north."
Range: Ala-ska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, New Mexico, and Michigan.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 401; Ellensburg, Whited 645; Lincoln County, Henderson 2369; near
Spr&gue, Sandberg db Leiberg 2()9; Box Canyon, fi'reajrer 394; Miss'iot^, Kreager 494; Valley,
Beattie cfc Chapman 2161.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Ranunculus flammula unalaschensis (Bess.) Ledeb. Bull. So<'. Nat. Mosc. 34^:
41. 1861.
Ranuncidus unalaschensis Bess, in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 32. 1841, as .synonym.
Ranunculu.t flammula intermedbis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:11. 1829.
Ranunculus inlermedius Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898, not Poir. 1804.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: California to Newfoundland and northward.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2620; Montesano, Heller 3927; Seattle,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Coupeville, Gardner 5; Silverton, Bouck 4; Tacoma, Flett 883, 34;
Manor, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 471; east base Mount .\dams. Cooper; Toppenish, Hen-
derson; Pend Oreille River, Lyall; Spokane, Piper 2635; Pullman, Hull 415; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 364.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 273
3a. Ranunculus flammula reptans (L.) Schlecht.; E. Meyer, PI. Labr. 96. 1830.
Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. PI. 1: 549. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Suecia, Russia, ad ripas lacuum."
Range: Alaska to Hudson Bay and south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamh 1252; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2114; Chelan, Elmer 490; Lake Chelan, Lake, August 13, 1892; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 319.
4. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer; Benth. PI. Hartw. 295. 1848.
Type locality: "In uliginosis (Bear Valley) montium Sacramenti."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Pullman, Elmer 817; Piper 1461;
Hull 776.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Geyer's original specimens were from the "plains of Coeur d'Alcine," Ida,ho, but the
speches was first described as above. Dr. E. L. Greene (E:yt'aea 3: 45. 1895) considers
the Rocky Mountain plant distinct from the Californian and names it R. ccdthaeflorus.
4a. Ranunculus alismaefolius alismellus A.Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 327. 1868.
Ranunculus alismellus Greene, Fl. Fran. 297. 1892.
Type locality: "Lake Tenaya and on Mt. Dana," California.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suksdorf 495;
Howell; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 6, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1271 ; Upper Yakima,
Brandegee; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1183.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
5. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:14. pi. 5. 1829.
Ranunculus affinis lasiococcus Ton. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 213. 1874.
Type locality: "From Canada to lat. 55°." Collected by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Assiniboia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Colvillc, Lyall in 1861; Spokane to Fort Colvilie, Wilkes
Expedition.
6. Ranunculus populago Greene, Erythea 3: 19. 1895 (February).
Ranunculus cusicMi Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 615. 1895.
Type locality: Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 269.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1829.
Type locality: "Common on the mountains around the Kettle Falls, and on the Rocky
Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Atanum River, Flett 1266; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 307;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 232; Ellensburg, Whited, March 28, 1897; Hangman Creek,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 8; without locality, Brandegee 611; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in
1884; Colvilie, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 85; Piper 1462; Cheney, Tucker.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Ranunculus tritematus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 370. 1886.
Type locality: "On high hills near Goldendale," Klickitat County, Washington. Col-
lected by Howell.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington.
29418—OG M 18
274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Near Goldondalo, Howell, April 20, 1882; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895.
Zonal oistribittion: Arid Transition.
9. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. PI. 1 : 551 . 1753.
Ranuncnlns cremwjene.s Groene, Erythoa 4: 121. 1896.
Type ix)cality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Now Brun.swick, Arizona, Kansas, and Florida. Asia.
Europe.
Specimens exa.mined: Whidby Isltuid, Pljter; Kairiiavon, Hemhrxon, July 2, 1892;
KcM'k Creek, P»/xt279;J; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Smuiherg cfc LetAcrj/ 285 ; Wliidl)y
Island, Gardner 4; Adininilty Head, Piiwr, May, 1898; Alma, Elmer 547; Coulee City,
Jxike it" Hull 413; Meyei"s Falls, Kreayer; Stuart Island, Laurence 152.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Ranunculus suksdorfii A. Gray, I'roi'. Am. Acad. 21: 37.1. 1886.
Type uhai.itv: Mount Adams, Wasliinjjton, in damp ground at 6,000 to 7,000 feet
altitude. Collected by Suk.sdorf.
Ranue: Washinjjton and Oregon.
Specimens exa.minei): OlymjHc Mountains, Henderson 1846; Mount Rainier, AUen 97;
Piper 2005; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 234, 628; Stevens Pass, Sandberg tfe Leiberg 766.
Zonal distriiution: Arctic.
11. Ranunculus eschsholtzii Schlect. Ranunc. 2: 16. 1820.
Type ixh^amty: "llab. in insulis Unala-schka et St. Georgii." Collected by Chamisso.
Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California.
Speclmens EXA.MINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 200\; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1361; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee (509; Elmer 1215;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 92; Horseshoe Basin, Lake tfe Hull lib; Stevens Tass, Sandberg
it Leiberg 769.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
12. Ranunculus verecundus Robinson, sp. nov.
llerba parva percnnis ^ dm. ulta; radice e fibris numerosis fuscis longis baud incra.s.satis
composita; caudice erecto a basibus i)etiolorum latiusculis pallidis submembranaceis deindo
in fibris dis.solutis amplecto; caulibus J suberectis vcl vulde nutanlibns vel etiam procum-
bentibus saepius st>mel ramosis; foliis radicalibus paucis vcl sacpius sate numerosis, limbo
reniformi vel suborbiculari ( onspicuc cordato tripartito 2-2.5 cm. Into utrin(|ue ghvbro,
segmentis 3-5-lobatis vel profunde crenatis, lobis oblongis obtusis vcl rotundatis, petiolo
2-4 cm. longo glabro vel sparse villosulo basi mcmi)ranaceo-expanso; foliis cauiinis 1-3
distantibus breviter petiolalis fere ad basin 3-5-partitis, segmentis lincari-oblongis vel
angustissime ellipticis; pedunculis teretibus glabris 3-7 cm. longis; sepalis 5 concavis
suborbicularibus purpura-scentibus dorso pubescentibus apice rotundatis margine palles-
centibus 2-4 mm. longis; petalis obovatis sepala aequantibus vel vix supcrantibus flavis
.sed in specimine exsiccato albe.sc<!ntibus venosis persistent i bus; staminibus numerosis,
anllieris flavibus quam (ilamenta filiformia brevioribus; achaeniis numerosis in capilulo
ovoideo vel breviter cylindrico congestis glabris a latere comprcssis 1.8 mm. longis obo-
voideis apice stylo brevi recurvato coronatis; rcccptaculo ellipsoideo vel subcylindrico
foveolato albescenti practer apicem villosulum glaberrimo.
Washington: Wet gravelly places, Mount Paddo (Adams), altitude 1,850-2,150 meters,
July 31, 1883, W. N. Suksdorf 93 (type, in Hb. Gray); same locality and collector, August
30, 1904; rocky ridges and ledges, Mount Rainier, altitude 2,300 meters, J. B. Flett 2177.
Montana: Little Belt Mountains, altitude 2,600 meters, F. L. Scribner, August 12, 1883,
4 (Hb. Gray).
From its nearest allies, this species may be distinguished as follows: From li. esch-
scholtzii Schlecht. it differs in its decidedly cordate scarcely or not at all ciliato leaves, and
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 275
larger achenes with relatively shorter strongly recurved style. From R. pedatifidus J. E.
Sm. {R. qffinis R. Br.) it differs in its glabrous achenes and less deeply and narrowly cleft
foliage. From R. alpeophilus A. Nelson it may be distinguished by its cordate leaves and
by the fact that the receptacle is villous only at the tip. Finally from R. allenii Robinson,
a plant of Labrador which in many ways it rather closely simulates, it differs in its cordate
leaves and somewhat larger achenes.
13. Ranunculus bongardi Greene, Erythea 3: 54. 1895.
Ranunculus tenellus Nutt.; Torr &. Gr. Fl. 1 : 23. 1838, not Viviani 1831
Ranunculus nelsonii tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 374. 1872.
Ranunculus occidentalis tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 373. 1886
Ranunculus bongardi tenellus Greene, Erythea 3 : 54. 1895.
Ranunculus dowjlasii IIowcll, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 18. 1897.
Ranunculus arcuatus Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897.
'
Ranunculus homjardii douglasii Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 479. 1900.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon and Wahlamet Rivers." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2672, 2679; Admiralty Head, Piper,
April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 38; Silverton, BoucJc 52a; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf,
May 20, 1886; Klickitat River, FleU 1272; Roslyn, Whited 409; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 95; Spokane, Z>e?wi/-<, May 3, 1901 ; Pullman, £'Zmer 847; Hull 411; Piper, M&y 31,
1894; Waitsburg, Homer 43.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This and the following were erroneously referred in older works to R. recurvatus Poir.
13a. Ranunculus bongardi greenei (Howell).
Ranunculus greenei Ilowell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : J8. 1897.
Ranunculus occidentalis lyalli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 373. 1886, not R. lyaUi Hook,
f. 1864.
Ranunculus tenellus lyalli Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 33. 1895.
^Ranunculus occidentalis parviflorus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 214. 1874.
Type locality: Pend Oreille River, Idaho or Washington, near latitude 49°. Collected
by Lyall.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, Sulcsdorf 951 ; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Port Ludlow, Binns; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Silverton,
Bouck 52; Hoquiam, Lamb 1029, 1071; Seattle, Piper 223; Nisqually Valley, Allen 62,
Piper, July 30, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 39; Roy, Brodie, June, 1901 ; Olympia, Henderson
2372; Lower Cascades, SuJcsdorf; Pend Oreille River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 58; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Homer 45.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
14. Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 22. 1838.
Ranunculus tenuipes Heller, Muhlenbergia 1 : 50. 1904.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon River, near woods." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, //e/^er 3935; llumptulips, La/nMl86; Wliidl)y
Island, Gardner 3; Tacoma, Flett 20; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Vancouver, Piper
4947.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
15. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272. 1781.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Georgia.
276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Whatcom Country, Gardner: Puyallup, Piper, August 26, 1897;
Alma, Elmer 542; Fort Colvillc, Geyer 580; McCloud Lake, Suhdorf 2213.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
16. Ranunculus oreganus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 19. 1897.
Ranunculus hispidu.s oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 37(5. 1880.
Ranunculus macounii oreganus Davis, Minn. liot. Stud. 2: 409. 1900.
Ranunculus nitidus Ell. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 20. 1829.
T>'PE locality: "Shady and wet ground.s, Oregon, on the Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in tiie cojust region.
Specimens examined: Near Montcsano, //eZ/fr 3850; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 23S,
May 20, 1886.
Zonal distribition: Humid Transition.
16a. Ranunculus oreganus macounii (Britten).
Ranunculus macounii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 3. 1892.
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. err. det. H<x)k. Fl. lior. Am. 1: 19. 1830.
TiPE uwality: "Banks of rivers from Canada to near the mouth of the Mackenzie
River, lat. 67°; and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific.
"
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward in the mountains to New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 20, 188(); Cheney, Tticker 43;
Sprague, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 152; Wilbur, Ilendenion, July 12, 1892; EUensburg, Whited
475; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Marshall Junction, Pij>er 2201; Pullman, Piper 3520;
Waitsburg, Horner 42; Loon Ijake, Beattie tf; Chapman 2000.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
17. Ranunculus repens L. Sp. PI. 1: 5.54. 1753.
T^PE UK-Ai.rrv: European.
Specimens examined: Black River Junction, Piper.
18. Ranunculus orthorhynchus II(H)k. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 21. 1829.
Type locality: "Not uiifrc(|uciit on the low points of land near rivers, in North-West
America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columi)ia to Oregon in the coast region.
Speclmens examined: New I»ndon, Aa///6 1202; \\\ndUy \s\mK], Gardner I, S; Seattle,
Piper 1120; Tacoma, Flett, May 5, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 20, 1880; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
10. Ranunculus platyphyllus (A. Gray).
Ranunculus orthorhynchus platyphyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 377. 1880.
Ranunculus maximus Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 14 : 118. 1887.
Type locality: "In wet places, Wasatch Mountains and Idalio to E. Oregon and ('ali-
fomia south to Marin County."
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1270; Pull-
man, Piper 1463; Elmer 838; Hull 414.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
All Washington references to Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. really refer to R. platy-
phyllus.
20. Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 310. 1840.
Ranunculus hebecarpus pusillus Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 9. 1870.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washmgton and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, iSwArstfor/ 228; Wawawai, fi'Zmer 75; Piper 3821.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASF.INGTON. 277
21. Ranunculus muricatus L. Sp. PI. 1: 555. 17.53.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle. Piper in 1885.
22. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. 2: 392. 1814.
IVpe locality: "In .saline inar-shcs near tlie .salt works of Onondaga, New York."
Range: Alaska to California and New Jersey. Central and South America. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns: Yakima,
Leckenhy, May 9, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 414; between Coulee City and Watcrville, Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague,
Sandberg tk Leiherg 135; Pro.sser, Cotton 6.53. .
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
CALTHA.
Flowers yellow; stems decumbent 1. C. asarifolia.
' Flowers white; stems erect.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, crenate 2. C. bijlora.
Leaves cordate, longer than broad 3. 6*. leptosepala.
1. Caltha asarifolia DC. Syst. 1 : 309. 1823. Marsh marigold.
Type locality: "Hab. in insula Ounalaschka una ex ins. Aleuterianis."
Range: Alaska to Oregon along the coast.
Specimens examined: Granville, Canard 367.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
This seems fairly distinct from the eastern C. jmhstris L.
2. Caltha biflora DC. Syst. 1 : 310. 1818.
Caltha inalvacea Greene, Pittonia 4: 75. 1899.
Type locality: "In ora occidentali Ameiicae borealis in continente prope insulam
Banksii." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2780; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 49G; Yakima Pass, Watson 16; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. 1 : 310. 1818.
Caltha inacounii, Greene, Pittonia 4: 77. 1899.
Caltha howellii Greene, op. cit. 79.
Type locality: Prince Williams Sound, Alaska. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper
2001, Flett 251 ; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 74; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 147; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull 406; Elmer 731.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
TROLLIUS.
1. Trollius laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1807. Globe flower.
Trollius laxus albijlorus A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 241. 1862.
Type locality: "Prope Lancaster in Pennsylvania."
. Range: British Columbia to New Hampshire, south to Washington, Utah, and Delaware.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 96; Elmer 2668: Piper, August, 1895;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49,° Lyall in 1860; Wentche, Elmer 439; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1241.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ACTAEA.
1. Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 63. 1856. Baneberry.
Adaea arguta Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:35. 1838.
Adaea ehurnea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 153. 1900.
Type ix>cauty: "Woods of the Oregon and its tributary streams." Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Alaska to Montana, California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2664: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Silver-
ton, Bouck 5; Ijakeview, //fm/fr,von, July 1892; without hn-aWty, Bran<U(fee 617: without
Iwality, Vasey 1(54; Lake Chelan, iMlce d' Hull 416; Spokane, Pijnr, July, 1896; without
locality, //fw/erson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, //ornf/" 270 : Clarks Springs, AVca^cr 127;
Mount Carlton, Kreager 292, 297.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
The fruit of this species is usually scarlet, but white-berried forms oc*ur, distinguishable
by no other character.
COPTIS. Goldthread.
Leaflets large, 5 to 8 cm. long, ob.scurely 3-lol)ed. 1 . C. occiderUalis.
Leaflets smaller, 3-parted and incised 2. C. laciniata.
1. Coptis occidentaUs (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 28. 1838.
Chrynocopli.1 occidentalis Null. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 8. lSi4.
Type ixkiality: Rocky Mountains in North Idaho or West Montana. Colle<'ted by
Wyeth.
Ranoe: Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Fend Orcillo River, Lyall in 1861; lone, ffrca(7er401; Newport,
Pijfer 4213.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Arid Transition.
2. Coptis laciniata A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 297. 1887
Tyi'K I-ocai.ity: Oregon. ColUvted by Hall.
Rance: Washington to northern California.
Specimens examined: Wind River, Flett 1297.
CIMICIFUGA.
1. Cimicifuga elata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 36. 1&38.
Type ixx;ality: "Shady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Ranoe: Washington and Oregon in the coa.st region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 26()2; Mashel Mountain, Piper in 1888;
Skamania County, Suk>idory 1990; near Vancouver, Piper 3502.
Zonal distuibution: Canadian.
PAEONIA.
1. Paeonia brownii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:27. 1829.
Type ix)cality: "Near the confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount
Hood," Oregon. Collected by Douglas in 1826.
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, SuTcsdorf 329;
Pe-shastin, Sandherg <Sb Leiberg 497, Leavenworth, Savage 45; Blue Mountains, Piper 2424,-
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian or Canadian.
AQUILEGIA. Columbine.
Flowers scarlet and yellow 1. A. formosa.
Flowers wholly yellow 2. A. Jlavescens.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 279
1. Aquilegia formosa Fisch.; DC Prod. 1: 50. 1824.
Aquilegia Columbiana Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 145. 1902.
Type locality: "In Kamchatka."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2671; Montesano, Heller 3936; Hump-
tulips, Lamb 1180; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goat Mountains, Allen 249;
Silverton, Bouck 9; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 385; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Cold Creek, Coiton 395; Ellensburg, Elmer 409,
Whited 714; Wenache Mountains, WUted 1299; Gilberts Mining Claim, WUted 45, 153;
Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull 403; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wilbur,
Henderson, July, 1892; Fresh Lake, McKay 2%; Loomis, Elmer in 1897: Blue Mountains,
Piiper, August, 1896; Lake cfc Hull, July, 1892.
This species has great altitudinal range occurring from sea level up to 1,800 meters alti-
tude. It also occurs in eastern Washington in the Upper Sonoran zone. Such plants are
usually finely puberulent throughout and perhaps constitute a good subspecies.
2. Aquilegia flavescens S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 10. 1871.
Type locality: "Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, Utah; 5-7,(KX) feet altitude."
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck 8; Swauk Creek, Brandegee 614; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 446; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1702; Chewaukum, WUted 2533.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
So far as northwestern specimens are concerned A. favescenft is a mere subspecies of
A. formosa, all intergrades occurring between them. In some places the two grow together
and then merge in all particulars.
DELPHINIUM. Larkspur.
Roots fasciculate, elongated, not tuberlike.
Pedicels usually shorter than the flowers and fruit;
plants about 1 meter high.
Inflorescence densely short-villous; flowers
greenish 2. D. viridescens.
Inflorescence not villous; flowers blue.
Leaf divisions narrow ; whole plant puberu-
lent
; flowers l)right i)lue 1. D. scopulorum stachydeum.
Leaf divisions broad, glaucous beneath,
glabrous; flowers dull blue Ih. D. scopulorum glaucum.
Pedicels longer than the flowers and fruit; plants
30 to 00 cm. high.
Flowers blue; inflorescence not glandular 3. D. bicolor
Flowers ochroleucous; inflorescence glandular. 4. D. xantholeucum.
Roots thickened, forming irregular tubers.
Pedicels ascending or spreading, longer than the
flowers and fruit.
Mature follicles widely recurving 5. D. menziesii.
Mature follicles contiguous or spreading only
at the tips.
Stems tall, leafy; leaf segments cleft into
narrow lobes; flowers 10 to 20 6. D. columbianum.
Stems low, few leaved; leaves pedately
parted ; flowers few 7. D. depauperatum.
Pedicels erect or ascending, short, the inflorescence
spike-like 8. D. simplex.
280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Delphinium scopulorum stachydeum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12:.'52. 1887.
Type ixxAUTy: "Interior of Oregon." Cofleoted by Cusiek.
Range: Washington to New Me.xico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, WhUed 12(>4.
la. Delphinium scopulorum subalpinum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 52. 1887.
Type locality: " Hoadwatei-s of Clear Creek, Colorado."
Range: Blue Mountains to Colorado and New Me.xieo.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, //or/xr 2(57; Fij>tr 2442.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
lb. Delphinium scopulorum glaucum .\. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 52. 1887.
IMphiuiiim (jluuriim Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 427. 188().
Type ixk^ality: "Big Tree Road," California. Collectod l>y Brewer.
RAN(iE: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Olyinpie Mountains, Pii>er, August, 1895; Elmer 2677; Mount
Rainier, Pijwr, August, 1888; Nistjually Valley, Allen 248; Yakima County, Brandegee 615.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Delphinium viridescens L«MlH^rg, Phk-. Biol. Soc. Wa.sh. 11: H9. 1897.
Type locality: Near Peshastin, Washington.
Range: Chelan County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache Valley, Samlherg <fe Leiherg 5(58; Ij«'av('nwortli, Whited
2556.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. JouriL Acad. Phila. 7: 10. 1834.
Delphiniinn glairoNiim Greene, Pittonia 3: 257. 1896.
Delphinium bicolur glareoxum Davis, Minn. Bot. Studies, 2: 4;i9. 1900.
Type locality: "On dry hills, near Flathead or Sailish River, toward the south sources
of the Columbia." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.
Specm.mens e.xamined: Goat Mountain, Allen 146; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August,
1895; Elmer 2665; Flett 81.
4. Delphinium xantholeucum sp. nov.
Perennial from thick elongate black roots 5 to 10 cm. long; stems 60 to 80 cm. high,
glabrous and glaucous up to the inflorescence; leaf blades orbicular in outline, thickish,
glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 8 cm. broad, parted nearly to the base into 5 cuneate segments,
these deeply 2 to 3-cleft into linear lobes; petioles glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 3 times as
long as the blades; bracts narrowly linear, or the lowe.st cuneate and 2 or 3-cleft; inflores-
cence viscid-puljescent, very loose, 15 to 40 cm. long; pedicels curved, spreading, the lower
5 cm. or more long; flowers pale yellow, the sepals greenish and vi-scid pubescent outside;
sepals and petals 10 to 12 mm. long, the stout straight spur 15 mm. long; lateral petals
white-bearded; filaments blue-veined; follicles 3, straight, erect, reticulate-veined, hairy,
10 tp 15 mm. long; seeds dark-colored, the angles produced into white .scarious wings.
Related to D. bicolor Nutt., but a larger plant, with constantly pale yellowish flowers,
and the whole inflorescence viscid-pube-scent even to the pods.
Collected by Kirk Whited at Wenache, Wash., May 14, 1899, in flower; May 24, 1899, in
fruit; also by G. R. Vasey in 1889, no locality indicated.
6. Delphinium menziesii DC. Syst. 1 : 355. 1818.
Delphinium pauperculum Greene, Pittonia 1 : 284. 1889.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nova-Georgia." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 9; Drayton Harbor, LyaE, May 3, 1858;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Kickitat River, Fleit 1269; Falcon Valley,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 281
SuJcsdorf, May 10, 1886; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 11, 1886; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf, July 13, 1886; North Yakima, Leclcenhy, April 18, 1898; Ellensburg, Piper, May
20, 1897, 2698; Whited 306; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May 16,
1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 27; Colfax, Henderson; Pullman, Elmer 221;
Piper 1457; Mount Carlton, /(Trea^er 250 ; Seattle, Piper 217; Prosser, Cotton 583; Sunny-
side, Cotton 349.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
6. Delphinium columbianum Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.
Delphinium nuttallii A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 51, 54. 1887, not D. nuttallianum Pritzel.
Type locality: "Along and near the Columbia River above The Dalles."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner; Clallam County, Elmer 2673; Montesano,
Heller 3879; Cape Horn, Piper 4967; Woodlawn, Henderson; Olympia, Kincaid; Muckle-
shoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Fourth Plain, Piper 3071; Klickitat County, Suhsdoi'f, June 4,
1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ?,2<o; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Clealum, Whited 402; with-
out locality, Howell; Blue Mountains, Piper 2443; Lewis River, cultivated at Pullman,
Piper ;3818; Columbia River, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Delphinium depauperatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 33. 1838.
Delphinium paucijloi'um Nutt. loc. cit., not D. Don. 1803.
Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel, in Walp. Rep. 2: 744. 1843.
Type locality: "In the shade of pine woods in the Blue Mountains of the Oregon."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pa.ss, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 785; Mount Carlton, Kreager
250.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. Delphinium simplex Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 25. 1829.
Type locality: "On the subalpine range west of the Rocky Mountains near the Colum-
bia, plentiful." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4 and 24, 1886; Klickitat
County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 497; Ellensburg, Piper 2740; Whited
523; Toppenish, Henderson 2374; Loomis, Elmer 594; Spangle, Suksdorf 235; Spokane, Piper
June 25, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 720; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper 3100, 1458; Hardwick in 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8a. Delphinium simplex distichiflorum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 67. 1847.
Delphinium distichum Geyer; Hook. op. cit. 68, as synonym.
Delphinium azureum Michx. err. det. Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 217. 1874.
Type locality: "Grassy stony borders of rivulets, high plains of Spokane and Nez
Percez."
Range: Idaho, Eastern Washington, and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 25, 1886; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf, July 16, 1886; Glenwood, Flett 1267; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tieton River,
Cotton 449; without locality, Hilgard in 1882; Big Meadows, Steves County, Kreager
417.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ACONITUM.
1. Aconitiun coliuubianiun Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 34. 1838. Aconite.
Aconitum naftutum Fiscli. err. det. IKwik. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 26. 1829.
Ti'PE locality: "Springy place's on the Oregon below Walla Walla." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart,
Sntulherff d' Ijfiherg 577; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1177; Tieton River, Coltov 453; Sini-
«'oe Mountains, IIouvU 305; CjLscade Mountains, Afrs. Steimre<j in 1894; Conconully, Whilrd
1310; Okanofjan County, Whited 224; without liH'ality, Vasey in 1889; Hangman Cnn'k,
cS'MA-.sy/c.-/236; Blue M.)untains, Pijvr 24 1(), 2456; iMke tfc IIuU 400.
XoNAL distribution: Canadian.
BERBERIDACEAE. Barberry Family.
Shrulw; leaves evergreen, pinnate, spiny Brrberis.
Merits; leaves de<'iduous, not pinnate nor spiny.
I>'av»^ ternately coin[>ound ; flowers panicled Van(x>iiveria.
Leaves S-partj-d ; flowers spicate Achlys.
BERBEBIS.
LcafleLs palmatcly nerved I. B. nervosa.
Ij(>Hflet>s pinnately nerved.
Leaflets 5 to 11, shining, strongly spinulose 2. B. aquifolium.
Leaflets 3 to 7, dull, often glaucous, weakly spinulose 3. fi. repens.
1. Berberis nervosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 219. 1814. Oreoon orape.
Afahonia ylttmacta IK'. Syst. 2: 21. 1821.
Type ixx^ality: Same place as that of Berheris aquifolium.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Also local in N<>i'th Idaiio.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2758; near Montesano, Heller 3991;
Whidby Island, Gardner 12; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Tacoma, Flett 109; Olympia, Ilendermn, October, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 130;
Roy, Allen 77; Lower Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf; Peshastin Canyon, Watt^on 25; Rail-"
road Creek, Elmer, Scptemlwr, 1897; without IcM-ality, Vasey in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited
2546.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Fl. 1 : 219. 1814. Oregon grape.
Type locality: "On the great rapids of the Columbia among rocks in rich vegetable
soil." Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Admiralty Head,
Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 73; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 135; Roy, Allen 98;
Klickitat River, Flett 1265; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; White Salmon, 8ukfidorf2^\ ; Wenache
Mountains, Whited, July 4, 1900; Fort Colville, Lyall; Watnon 24; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull 422; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition, rarely Arid Transition.
Pureh's actual type specimen now preserved in the Philadelphia Academy is certainly
the plant generally accepted imder this name and not tlie same as B. repens Lindl. as has
been claimed. Lewis's .specimens of this and of B. nervosa were collected at the Great
Rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia, in which vicinity B. repens seems not to occur.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WAStllNGTON. 283
3. Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1176. 1828.
Type locality: A native of the north-western part of North America." Originally col-
lected by Lewis and Clark.
Range: British Columbia to California, Wyoming, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 4232; Union Flat, Piper, April, 1897; Spokane,
Sandherg cfc Leiberg 73; Davis ranch, Kreager, July 21, 1902; Pullman, Beattie, May 7, 1902;
witliout locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
VANCOUVERIA.
1. Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dec. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 2: 351. 1834.
Epimedium hexandra llook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 30. 1830.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamb 247; Nisqually River, Piper 2059; Allen
66; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Lower Cascades, SnJcsdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Van-
couver, Dr. T. E. Wilcox, May, 1883; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn, Piper 5007;
Vancouver, Piper 4921.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
ACHLYS.
1. Achlys triphylla (Smith) DC. Syst. 2: 35. 1821. Vanilla leaf.
Leontice tripliylla Smith, Rees' Cycl. 20: no. 5. 1812.
Type locality: "On the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to North California in tlie coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2757; Roy, Allen 95; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 64; Mason County, Kincaid, May, 1892; Marshfield, Henderson, June, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 62; Olympia, O. E. Pelton in 1879; White Salmon, Sukfidorf 230; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Family.
Flowers regular.
Leaves alternate^ lobod or dissected.
Sepals united, funnel-shaped; stigmas not united Eschsciiolzia (p. 283).
Sepals free; stigmas united : Papaver (p. 283).
Leaves opposite, entire; stigmas free Playstigma (p. 284).
Flowers irregular.
Outer petals both spurred or gibbous Bikukulla (p. 284).
Only one petal spurred Capnoides (p. 284).
ESCHSCHOLZIA.
1. Eschscholzia columbiana Greene, Pittonia 6: 231. 1905.
Type locality: "Lower Columbia River in Washington." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Lower Columbia Valley, Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf, said to be native.
The commonly cultivated E. californica Cham, is a frequent garden escape, and it is
probably sucIl a plant that is recorded in Cooper's list as Chryseis californica.
PAPAVER.
1. Papaver argemone L. Sp. PI. 1: .506. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Dewart, May 20, 1901.
284 .CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PLATYSTIGMA.
1. Platystigma oreganiun (Xutt.) Benth. & Ilmik.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 20.
1870.
Meconella oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: (U. 1838.
Type ixx-AU-n-: "Op«»n plaiiLs of the Oregon near its confluence with the Wahlamet."
Collected by Xuttall.
Rance: Britisli Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidhy Island, Gardner 13; Orcas Island, Lxjall in 1858; Alki
Point, Pi]^r 1()98; Tacoma, Flett SO: Klickitat County, Sukxdorf'm 1878.
ZoNAi, distribution: Humid Transition. •
BIKUKULLA.
Inflori«cence simple and racemiform.
Flowers nearly white; corolla divergently 2-8purred \. B. cucvUaria.
Flowers pink ; corolla saccate at base 2. B. uni flora.
Inflorescence tiiyrsoid ; flowers pink 3. 5. formosa.
1. Bikukulla cucullaria (L.) MilLsp. Bull. VV. Va. Agr. Kxp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892.
Dutchman's breeches.
Fumaria cucullaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 699. 1753.
Diclytra cucullaria DC. Sy.st. 2: IftS. 1821.
Bicuculla occuUntalis Rydlwrg. Bull. Torr. Club 29: KK). 1902.
Type ixk^ality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: \Va.shington and Oregon to Nova Scotia, southward to Missouri and North
Carolina.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1946; Alniota, fi/jcr 1876; Wait.s-
burg, Homer 118.
Zf)NAi. di.stuibution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Bikukulla viniflora (Kellogg) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 34. 1897.
Dicentra unijlora Kellogg, Phh-. Cal. Acad. S<i. 4: 141. 1870.
Type ixx'aliti': "At Cisco and at the suniiuit of the Sierra Nevada mountains on the
line of the Central Pacific Railroad."
Ran(je: Wa.shington to California and Wyoming.
Speclmens examined: Mount Adams, SukudorfliiH); Flett 1264.
Zonal dkstribution: Canadian?
3. Bikukulla formosa (Andr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 60. 1893.
Fumaria formosa Andr. Bot. Rep. 6: pi. 393. 1797?
Diclytra formosa IX!. Syst. 2: 109. 1821.
Dielytra formosa G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI 1: 140. 1831.
Dielytra saccata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 67. 1838.
Type localiti': Not known.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2816; Seattle, Smith 18; Piper, May,
1891; Tacoma, Flett 64; upper Valley Nisqually, AUen 63; Silverton, Bouck 13; Horsc-
shotj. Basin, Lake cfc Hull 419; Stevens Pass, Whited 1438; Kittitas County, Sandberg tfc
Leiherg 702; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
CAPNOIDES.
Flowers pink; leaves very large \.C. acouleri.
Flowers yellow; leaves moderate 2. C. aurea.
1. Capnoides scouleri (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 15. 1891.
Corydalis scovleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 36. 1829.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. * 285
Corydalis macrophylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 69. 1838.
Type locality: "In dark shady woods of North-West America; plentiful near the
confluence of the Columbia with the sea." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3871; Little Iloquiani River, Lamb
1063; Succotash Valley, Piper, August, 1895; July, 1895; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
June 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 118; Steilacoom; Ilwaco, Piper 4958.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 14. 1891.
Corydalis aurea Willd. Enum. 740. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and New England, southward to Arizona and
Texas.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 432; Spokane, Piper, May,
1898; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
BRASSICACEAE. Mustard Family.
Pods indehiscent.
Flowers red; pods elongate, cylindric, somewhat con-
stricted 28. Rapiianus (p. 307)
.
Flowers not red; pods orbicular or globose.
Pods globose, reticulated; flowers yellow 25. Neslia (p. 306).
Pods flattened, orbicular; flowers white.
Fruit wingless; pubescence branched 26. Atiiysanus (p. 306)
.
Fruit winged; pubescence simple 27. Tiiysanocarpus (p. 306).
Pods dehiscent, 2-valved, either elongate (siliques) or short
(silides).
Pods elongate, therefore siliques.
Siliques compressed parallel to the broad partition.
Valves nerveless; leaves all petioled.
Flowere red; stem 2 or 3-leaved near the
summit 4. Dentaria (p. 288).
Flowers white; stem leafy below or
throughout 5. Cardamine (p. 289)
Valves 1-nerved; cauline leaves sessile.
Siliques lanceolate, the valves reticulate.
. 6. Parrya (p. 291).
Siliques linear.
Petals flat; anthers short, subcordate. 7. Arabis (p. 291).
Petals twisted; anthers long, sagit-
tate 8. Streptantuus (p. 29())
.
Siliques terete, not at all compressed.
Pods 4 cm. long or more.
Flowers white or red; stigmas entire
;
pods
erect ". 11. Thelypodium (p. 298).
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lobed; pods
spreading -. 12. Erysimum (p. 299)
.
Pods less than 4 cm. long.
Herbage canescent; flowers white; low al-
pine perennials 13. Smelowskia (p. 300)
.
Herbage not canescent; flowers yellow or
white.
286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Siliques beaked; seeds globose ^ 14. Brassica (p. 301).
Siliques Ix^akloss; seeds obluMji;.
Valves of the jwds nerveless .... 9. Rouii'A (p. 296).
Valves t)f the jKids nened.
Annuals; leaves pinnate or
pinnatilid 15. Sisymbrium (p. 301).
Perennials.
Leaves entire or sulx'ii-
tire lG.SciioEN(xiRAMBE(p. 303).
Leaves lyrate 17. Campe (p. 303)
.
Pods short, therefore silirk«s.
Silieles eonipressed parallel to the partition.
Flowers solitary on sea|K>s, white ; seeds winged . 1 . I'latyspkhmum (p. 286)
.
Flowers raeeniost'; seeds wingle.ss.
Silieles orbicular 2. Alyssi'm ( p. 287)
.
Silieles ovate or oblong 3. Draba (p. 287).
Silieles not compressed, or compressed contrary to
the partition.
Plant aquatic, submerged; leaves subulate
;
])ods
subglolxjse 18. SuBULARtA (p. 303).
Plants terrestrial; leaves not subulate.
Pods terete, not compres.st>d.
Pul)escence stellate; pods globose 10. Lrsquerkujv (p. 298),
Pubescence not stellate; |)ods oblong. 9. Korh'a (p. 296).
Pods compressed contrary to the partition.
Valves nerveless; pod obcordate 24. Piiysaria (p. 306).
Valves 1 -nerved.
Nerves of the valves obtu.se, not ' .
prominent.
Silieles euneate, notched at
apex 19. Bursa (p. 303).
Silieles not euneate; not
notched at apex.
C'auline leaves sessile;
pod elliptic 20. IIutcminsia (p^304).
Cauline leaves auricu-
late; pod obovoid ... 21. Camelina (p. 304).
Nerves of the valves forming
acute keels or wings.
Silieles orbicular or obovate;
cells 1 or 2-secded 22. Lepidium (p. 304).
Silieles ovate or oblong; sili-
eles 2 to several seeded . . . 23. Tiilaspi (p. 305)
.
PLATYSPERMUM.
1. Platyspermum scapigeruiu Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 68. 1830.
Type locality: "Moist rocks and in shallow soil at the Great Falls [Celilo Falls] of the
Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, Howell; Colville, Lyall, March 31, 1861; Pull-
man, Elmer 82; PiTper, April, 1894, May, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The stamens in this plant are variable in number, not uncommonly 4 or 5 in place of
the normal 6. The peppery pods are eaten by children.
PIPER l^LOllA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 287
ALYSSUM.
1. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan, Hoit. Monsp. 321. 1762.
Clypeola alyssoides L. Sp. PI. 2: 652. 1753.
Alyssum calycinum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 908. 1763.
Type locality: "Habitat in Austria, Gallia."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Pullman, Piper.
DRABA.
Annuals.
Flowers white.
Petals deeply 2-cleft 1 . D. vema.
Petals entire; pods hispid 2. D. caroliniaiM ndcrantha.
Flowers yellow.
Pods 6 to 8 mm. long, much shorter than pedicels. . 3. D. neinurosa.
Pods 8 to 15 mm. long, about equaling the pedicels . . 4. D. steruAuba.
Perennials.
Midrib of leaves becoming prominent.
Flowers yellow; pods acute 5. D ytacialis.
Flowers white; pods acuminate '6. V. douglasii.
Midrib of leaves not prominent.
Stems scapose; flowers white , "i . D. lonchocarpa.
Stems very leafy ; flowers yellow. fi. D. aureola.
1. Draba vema L. Sp. PI. 2: 642. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Suksdorf 499; T. E. WiJxox, March, 1883; Walla
Walla, Leckenhy, April, 1898; Waitsburg, Horner 606.
2. Draba caroliniana micrantha (Nutt.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 72. 1867.
Draba micrantha Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 109. 1838.
Type locality: "Open plains and rocky places about St. Louis, and in Arkansas."
Range: Washington to Illinois, Texas, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May,
1897; Waitsburg, Homer 74; Wawawai, Piper 2801.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Draba nemorosa L. Sp. PI. 2: 643. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae nemoribus."
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and the Great Lakes. Europe. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 25; White Salmon, Suksdorf 232; Fort
Colvillc, Lyall in 1861; Geyer 626; Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 4; Pullman, Piper
1794; Elmer 151; Almota, Piper, April, 1894; Waitsburg, Homer 608; Wawawai, Piper
2800.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
4. Draba stenoloba Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 154. 1841.
Type locality: "In ins. Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elett 102; Mount Baker, Flett 851; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1142 in part; Yakima County, Henderson 2385 B; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 758; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 434; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1288.
Zonal distribution: Hudson ian.
5. Draba glacialis Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 106. 1817.
Type locality: "In promontorio Byskofskoymys," near the mouth of the Lena River,
Siberia.
288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Athabasca to Colorado and California. Sil)oria.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, F/f// S44; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in ISGO; Mount Adains, Flett 1131; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2426; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2404.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Draba douglasii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 328. 1868.
Braxja uregonensis A. Gray, Prcx*. Am. Acad. 17: 199. 18S2.
TiPE ixk'ALITy: "High Sierra Nevada; on the gravelly 'divide' between East Carson
and West Walker Rivers." Collected by Anderson. Also from "the interior of Oregon
or California." Collected by Dougla-s.
Specimisns exaicined: Klickitat Hills, Howell 50, 386.
7. Draba lonchocarpa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 181. 10(X).
Dralm nivalis elongata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 2.'i8. 1888, not D. ehngata Host.
1827.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains, from British America to Wyoming and the Uintas;
Mt. Adams."
Range: British Columbia and All)erta to Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2060; Mount Baker, Flett 856; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 239; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf254l.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
8. Draba aureola S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 4.30. 1880.
TiPE locality: "Sierra Nevada, in Sierra County," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, F/ftt 286; Pi/w 20(51; Smith d; Pi])er (iW.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Draba lemmoni S. Wats. This species is accredited to Washington on a specimen col-
lected by Flett in the Olympic Mountains and thus determined by Wiegand.« This speci-
men certainly is not D. lemmoni, but is probably an undescribcd species. The material is
too young, however, for satisfactory description.
DENTARIA.
Basal leaves cordate-orbicular, crenate or siimatc 1. />. teneUa.
Basal leaves parted or divided into 3 or 5 segments.
Petals 10 to 12 mm. long 2. D. macrocarpa.
Petals 12 to 16 mm. long 3. Z>. macrocarpa pulcherrima.
1. Dentaria tenella Pursh, Fl. 2: 439. 1814.
Type ixxality: "On the banks of the Columbia." Collected by Lewis, the exact place
near the mouth of Sandy River, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 14; Silverton, Bouck 21; Tacoma,
Flett 70; Snoqualmie, Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 51; Nisqually tide flats,
Flett 95; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf i, 235; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Dentaria macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 88. 1838.
Cardamine quercetorum Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895.
Cardamine tenella coviUeana Schuiz; Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 32:391. 1903.
Cardamine tenella dissecta Schuiz, op. cit.
Cardamine tenella quercetorum Schuiz, op. cit. 390.
Type locality: "Woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
a Bull. Torr. Club 6: 209. 1874.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 289
Range: British Columbia to north California.
SpecimExXS examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 1927, 95, 500, 501, 238; Dar-
ling Mountains, Fhtt 1136; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895.
A variable species. Schulz's subspecies are based entirely on characters of leaf outline,
but these seem too variable to rely upon. Field study and large suites of specimens are
necessary before the species can be satisfactorily understood.
2a. Dentaria macrocarpa pulcherrima (Greene) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 154.
1895.
Cardamine pulcherrima Greene, Erythea 1 : 148. 1893.
Type locality: Near Mosier, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Hills, Howell 1408.
CARDAMINE.
Leaves all simple.
Alpine dwarf; leaves ovate or elliptic, entire 1. C. beUidifolia.
Subalpine, tall; leaves cordate or reniform, sinuate 2. C. lyallii.
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate.
Basal leaves simple; cauline 3 to 5-foliolate.
Leaf margin entire or merely sinuate 3. 6'. breweri.
Leaf mai^in crenatcly 7 to 9-lobed 4.6'. vallicola.
Basal leaves pinnate.
.
Leaves all 3-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliate ; leaflets coarsely 3 to
5-toothed 5. 0. angulata.
Leaves 3 to 9-foliolate.
Petals 4 mm. long; leaflets 5 to 9, orbicular 6. 6'. occidentalis.
Petals 2 to 4 mm. long; leaflets 3 to 7.
Flowers subumbellate 7.0. Jcamtschatica.
Flowers racemose.
Capsules 20 to 30-seeded; leaflets mostly ob-
long. 8. C. pennsrjlvanica.
Capsules 8 to 20-seeded; leaflets mostly 'round-
ish 9. C. oligospermxi.
1. Cardamine bellidifolia L. Sp. PI. 2: 654. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Brittaniac."
Range: Alaska to California, Montana, and the White Mountains. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Chiquash Mountains, Sw^sdor/" 2363.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Cardamine lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 466. 1887. ;_
Cardamine lyallii pilosa Schulz, Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 32: 438. 1903. f
Type locality: "Banks of the Ashtnola, Cascade Mountains." Collectpd by Lyall m
1860. ' -
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1135; banks of the Ashnola, Cascade
Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2455; Horner in 1897; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1642; Elmer 435; Cascade Mountains, Wilkes
Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
Schulz's subspecies pilosa includes forms with more or less pubescence. It seems scarcely
worthy of recognition.
29418—06 M 19
290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Cardamine breweri S. Wats. Proo. Am. Acad. 10: 339. 1875.
Cardamine orbicularifi Vueenv , Pittonia 4: 202. 1901.
Type uxwlity: California, "near Sononv Passat 8-10,000 feet altitude." Collected
by Brewer.
K.\NUE: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens ex.vmined: Tacoma, Fiett 106, 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 52;
Quinault, Conani 173.
Zonal distribction : Humid Transition.
4. Cardamiae vallicola Greene, Pittonia 3: 116. 1896.
Cantamine cullosicrenata Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22:488. 1897.
Tii'PE ux'ality: "Wet meadows along Dale Creek, Wyoming."
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, Kreatjer 302; Spokane, Piper in 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Cardamine angulata Hook. Fl. Bor. \m. 1: 44. 1829.
Cardamine angulata jtentaphylla Srhul/, Engler's Bot. Jahrh. 32:407. 1903.
Type locality: "Banks of the Columhia." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
SpfiCLMENs examined: Ho(|uiani, Lamh 1053; Montesano, Heller 3863; Tacoma, Flett
45; upper Valley Nistjually, Allen 128, 128a: Ilwaco, Piper 4955.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Cardamine occidentalis (S. Wat.s.) Howell, Fl. xN. W. Am. .W. 1897.
Cardamine pratensi.s occidentalis S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 158. 1895.
Ti'PE ix)CALiTi': Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Uoweil.
Range: W^a.shington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Tacoma, Flett 89 in part;
North Yakima, Henderson, June 19, 1892.
7. Cardamine kamtschatica (Regel) Schulz, Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 32:470. 1903.
Cardamine xijli^tica kanitucliatica Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 34-: 172. 1861.
Cardamine umbellata Greene, Pittonia 3: 154. 1897.
Type locality: Kamtschatca.
Range: Ala.ska to Oregon. Silx'ria.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympic Mountains, Pij)er 1018, 2183; Mount Rainier, Piper
2061 ; ne«r Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, FleU 2149.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
8. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3': 486. 1800.
Cardamine hirsuta acuminata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:85. 18;38.
Cardamine acuminata Rydl)erg, Bull. Torr. Club 29:237. 1902.
Type locality: Pennsylvania. ^
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi]}er 1116; Silverton, Bouck 18; Tacoma, Flett 89 in
part; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaZZ in 1859; Nisqually Valley, Allen 53; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf &0S; Klickitat River, Flett 1139; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861;
Horseshoe Basin, Elrjier 733; Wenache, Whited 38; Rock Lake, Piper 2797; Hangman
Creek, Sandherg tfc Leiherg 63.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 85. 1838.
Type locality: "Sliady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall
Range: British Columbia to California,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 291
Specimens examined: lloquiam, Lamb 1026; Clallam County, Elmer 2692; Whidby
Island, Gardner 24; Seattle, Piper 546; Tacoma, Flett 76; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Goat Mountains, Allen, August 23, 1895; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distkibution : Humid Transition.
The following specimens seem to me ambiguous between C. oligosperma and C. pennsyl-
vanica and I am unable to refer them elsewhere: Seattle, Piper 732; Tacoma, Flett, April
20, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 505, 504; Skokomish River, Piper 2182; Kin-
caid; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg, Horner 588, 79; Wawawai, Elmer.
PARRYA.
1. Parrya menziesii (Hook.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 253. 1891.
Phoenicaulis menziesii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 143. 1886.
Hesperis menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 60. 1830.
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 89. 1838.
Type locality: California. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Piper 2712; Kittitas Valley, Whited 68; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2414.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
la. Parrya menziesii lanug^osa S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 152. 1895.
Type locality: "Lower Columbia Valley, east of the Cascades, Douglas, Suksdorf."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; between Klickitat Valley and
Columbia River, Suhsdorf 236; east side Columbia below the Chelan, Watson 28; near Gol-
dendale, Howell 43; Wenache, Whited 1019; North Yakima, Mrs. St^inweg in 1894; Crab
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 242; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 551.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ARABIS. Rock cress.
Seeds wingless; flowers white.
Radical leaves pinnately cleft into short and broad segments . . 1. -.4. lyrata occidentalis.
Radical leaves entire.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.
Herbage wholly stellate-pubescent 2. A. whitedii.
Herbage glabrous above, pubescent below with sim-
ple or forked hairs 3. A. nuttallii.
Cauline leaves auriculate; plant glaucous, glabrous
except near the base 4. A. glabra.
Seeds winged or wing-margined.
Seeds arranged in a single row.
Cauline leaves sessile not cordate or auricled 5. A.furcata.
Cauline leaves cordate or auriculate at base 6.-4. hirsuta.
Seeds more or less distinctly in two rows.
Cauline leaves not at all auriculate at base; leaves all
entire, villous-hirsute 18. yl. cusickii.
Cauline leaves auriculate or cordate.
Radical leaves dentate.
Pods reflexed, usually straight; whole plant
finely stellate-pubescent 7. A. holboellii.
Pods arcuate, spreading.
Flowers dark-purple; basal leaves some-
what pubescent, the upper glabrous and
glaucous 8. .4. atrorubens.
292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
FlowTrs rose-t'olored ; whole plant roughly
stollatc-puboscent.
Base of the stems woody and hranehed. 9. A . jwrennans.
Base of the stems herbaceous or
neiirly so, simple 10. -1. simrsiflora.
Radical leaves entire or merely dentieulate.
Pods n'flexed.
Pulxvscence densely and finely stellate,
whitish; pods 2 mm. wide 12. ^1. puherula.
Pubescence scant, stellate, or wanting;
pods 3 to 5 mm. wide Vi. A. sujfrute^cens.
Pods not reflexed.
Pods divaricate; horbago soft pubescent
with stellate hairs 11. .4. bolanderi.
Pods ascending.
Plant glaucous; lower leaves finely and
densely stellate-puln'scent 14. .^4 latifdia.
Plant green; pulK'sccnce scanty.
Stems several, slender, from a
woody caudex; leaves small .. . \7. A. microphylla.
Stems solitary or few from a her-
baceous or scarcely woody base.
Tall lit) tt) (K) cm. ; plant some-
what glaucous; pula'scencc
of 2-forke(l hairs If). A. dritminondii.
Low 10 to 30 cm.
;
plant glal)-
- • rous or somewhat stellate
pul)e8cent below Ki. A. lyallii.
1. Arabia lyrata ocddentalis S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 159. 1895.
Type UKAurr: "From Alaska to British Columbia and the eastern side of the Rocky
Mts. in Brit. America; Point IVIee on Lake Erie, Macoun."
Range: Alaska to Washington and ea.stward to Lake Eri(>.
Specimens examined: "On Nooksack River near Mouilt Baker," Suksdoif IQ99.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
2. Arabis whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Oub 28: 39. 1901.
Type locality: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1057; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg 275.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Mature specimens collected by Whited, May 19, 1905, show the ripe pods to l)c nearly
erect, 17 to 20 mm. long, finely and den.sely stellate-pubescent, and nearly always longer
than the divergent pedicels with which they form a pronounced angle; seeds wingless, in a
single row; cotyledons accumbent. It may be a biennial.
This species is not closely related to any other, in my opinion, but is to be associated
perhaps with A. nuttallii Robinson.
3. Arabis nuttallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 160. 1895.
Arabis spaihulata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 81. 1838, not DC. 1821.
Type locality: "Lofty dry hills of the Platte, from the Black Mountains to the central
chain."
Range: Washington to Montana and Nevada.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 293
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1142 in part; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1223
(?); North Yakima, Steinweg; Sprague, Sandherg <& Leiherg 202; Lincoln County, Hen-
derson 2387; Medical Lake, Sandherg cfc Leiherg 50; Spokane County, SuJcsdorf 2S7 ; Crab
Creek, Suksdorf 238; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper- 2950; St. John,
Piper 2792; Mount Adams, Cotton 1533.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. 195. 1800.
Turritis glahra L. Sp. PI. 2: 666. 1753.
Arahis perfoliata Lam. Encyc. 1: 219. 1783.
Turritis macrocarpa Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 78. 1838.
Type locality: Europe.
Range : British Columbia to New England southward to California, Colorado, and New
Jersey. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2694; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 11,
1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1140; Rock Island, Henderson; Sprague, Sandherg & Leiherg
143; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1472; Elmer 844; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 110.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Arabis furcata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882.
Type locality: "Bluffs of the Columbia River near the mouth of Hood River," Oregon.
Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf; Howell; Henderson 58; without locality, Brandegee 625.
6. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 30. 1772.
Arahis rupestris 'Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.
Type locality: Carniolia.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and Virginia. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 20a; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett, April, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June, 1894; Klickitat
River, Flett 1138; Coppei River, Horner 80; Almota, Piper, May 11, 1901; without locality,
Geyer 565.
Zonal distribution : Transition.
When growing in den.se shade, the plants are often nearly glabrous. This form is A.
hirsuta glahrata Torr. & Gr.a
7. Arabis holboellii Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11:5. pi 1879. 1827.
Arahis retrofracta Gmh&m, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 344. 1829.
Type locality: "In rupibus Insulac Disco ad Jacobshavn detexit."
Range: Washington and Colorado to British America. Greenland.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, May 28, 1898, 39; Ellensburg, Whited312, 379;
Piper 2707; Lower Cascades, SuJcsdorf, May 30, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, May 18,
1884; North Yakima, Henderson 2395; Sprague, Sandherg & Leiherg 139; Ritzville, Sand-
herg (& Leiherg 1.5S; Douglas County, iS/nZZman, 2630; Pine City, Piper 2427; Spokane, Piper
2822, 2690; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 288; Blue Mountains,
Horner 274 in part; Pullman, Elmer 207; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7a. Arabis holboellii patula (Graham) S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895.
Turntis patula Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829.
Arahis columhiana Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. 2: 304. 1890.
oFl. 1:80. 1838.
294 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type ixx^aiaty: "The seeds of this species were gathered in Captain Franklin's expedi-
tion at Hudson Bay, in Canada and in the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Hudson Bay.
Specimens examined: Green River Hot Springs, Piper 544.
8. Arabia atronibens Greene, Erythea 1 : 223. 1893.
Arabis atriflora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 211. 1S99.
Ty'PE ixx-ality: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suk.sdorf.
RANfiE: Ea.stern Washingt«)n.
Specimens e.\aminei>: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2105; Wenache, Whited 67,
1531; Simcoe Mountains, IJoweH, June. 1S79: Darling Mountains, Flett 1137; Klickitat
Hills, 6'onnan, April, 1895: Wenache Mountains, Cotton 121X1.
9. Arabis perennans S. Wats. Proc. Ani. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Type uk'ality: From northern Nevada and Utah to Arizona and the San Bernardino
Mountains in California."
Range: Wa.shington to California and Arizona.
Specimens e.xamined: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.
10. Arabis sparsiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.
Arabis aratata subviUosa S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': IM. 1895.
Type locality: " Forests of the Rocky Mountains, t^)wards the sources of the Oregon."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellenshurg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Clealum, Whited 307: Mount
Cleman, Henderson 2395; Imnks of the Columbia, Douglas in 1829; Colvillc, Lyall in bStil;
Rock CYeek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 97; Spokane, Piper 2821; Pullman, Hull 471; Piper
1471, 1812,-1811; Elmer 88; without l(Kality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
There is considerable doubt as to the identity of Nuttall's species and it may not lie our
plant. The latter is unquestionably the subspecies subviUosa of Watson.
10a. Arabis sparsiflora secunda (Howell).
Arabis secunda Howell, Erythea 3: :i3. 1895 (February).
Arabis arcuata secunda Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895 (October).
Type ixx;ality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, HouieU 1487; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
240, 241; Larm River, Suksdorf 97; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Wenache,
Whited 1031.
11. Arabis bolanderi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1S87.
Type locality: "Yosemite Valley or Mono Pass," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 632.
12. Arabis puberula Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838.
Arabis canescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 83. 1838.
Arabis tenuis Greene, Pittonia 4: 189. 1901.
Type locality: "Forests of the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Cleman, Henderson 2389; White Salmon, Suksdorf,
July, 1881; Ellensburg, Whited 2707; Piper, July 9, 1897; Tampico, Flett 1125; Wenache,
Whited, April, 1900; Blue Mountains, fforner 274; Coulee City, Piper 3848; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 15.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 295
13. Arabis suffnitescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882.
Type locality: "Bluffs of the Snake River and vicinity, Union County, Oregon."
Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 98, 511.
14. Arabis latifolia (S. Wats.).
Arabis canescens latifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17. 1871.
Arabis lernmoni S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Type ix)cality: Clover Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 509, 510, 1920; Henderson 2391.
15. Arabis drununondii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 1863-65.
Turritis stricta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829, not Arabis stricta,
Host. 1827.
Streptanthus angustifolius Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 76. 1838, not Arabis angustifolius Lam.
1783.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.
Range: California and Colorado, northward into British America.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2181; Clallam County, Elmer 2693
in part; Mount Rainier, Piper 2065; north of Mount Adams, Henderson 2397; Mount
Baker, Flett 859; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Rull, August 24, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg <& Leiberg 764.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
16. Arabis lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122. 1876.
Arabis drummondii alpina S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 18. 1871, not A. alpina L.
Type locality: "In the mountains from VVashington Territory to Mono Pass in the
Sierra Nevada and eastward to W. Wyoming and Utah."
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2180; Flett 94; Mount Rainier, Pi;)fr
2066, 2064; Smith 801; Allen 299; Clallam County, Elmer 2693 in part; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2390; Suksdorf 508, 96; Howell 557; Ashnola River, Cascade Mountains, Lyall
;
Blue Mountains, Horner 282.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
17. Arabis microphylla Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, iSw^sJor/" 2.
18. Arabis cusickii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 363. 1882.
Type locality: "On rocky ridges. Union Count}-, Oregon." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2711; Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2388 in
part; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee 624; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 92; between
Coulee City and Watcrville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3841; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 1921 ; Pine City, Piper 2828, 2829, the latter ambiguous toward A.sparsi-
fora.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Arabis breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 1 1 : 123. 1876. This species appears in Suks-
dorf 's list, but wc have seen no Washington specimens.
296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
STREPTANTHUS.
1. Streptanthus longirostris S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 127. 1890.
Arabis longirostris S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17: pi. :2. 1871.
TiPE locality: "Growing in alkaline soil at the Steamboat Springs near Washoe City,
about Humix)ldt Lake, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt Ijako."
Range: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Ilemlerson 2378; without locality, Brandegee. 629.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
RORIPA.
Flowers white; leaves pinnatx'ly divided • \. R, nasturtium.
Flowers yellow; leaves various, mostly pinnate.
Plants perennial by rootstocks.
Pods glaBrous or nearlyso 2. R. sinuata.
Pods not glabrous.
Pods pappilosc-puberulcnt 3. R. calycina.
Pods .soft pubescent, short-pediceled 4. R. columbiae.
Plants annual or biennial, without rootstocks.
Pedicels short, 2 to 4 mm. long; stems difTusc.
Pods curved ; leaf-lol)es acute 5. R. curvisiliqua.
Pods straight; leaf-lobes obtuse 6. ^. obtusa.*
Pedic«ls longer, 6 to 8 mm. long; st«ms erect.
Po<ls oval or globiise ; stems hispid 7. ^. hispida.
Pods oblong; stems glabrous or nearly so.
Pods 4 to 8 mm. long 8. R. palustris.
Pods 8 to 12 mm. long 9. R. jxicifica.
1. Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club 3'': 5. 1893. Water cress.
Sixijiitbriitm nasturtium L. vSp. PI. 2: 657. 17.53.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.
Type ixx^ality: "Habitat in Europa & America septentrionaii ad fontcs."
Specimens examined: Tacoma, ^'^tte; WawaWai,£'/mer765; Hull 411; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 124; Colville, Kreager 523.
2. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manhat. 18. 1894.
Nasturtium sinuatum xNutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.
Type locality-: "Banks of the Oregon and its tributaries." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Arkansas, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, 5«As</or/'2103; Almota, Piper 2653, 2654.
Zonal dlstribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 175. 1900.
Nasturtium calycinum Engcim. in Warren, Prelim. Rep. 156. 1855-7.
Type locality: "Sandy bottoms of Yellowstone River; Fort Sarpy to Fort Union."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1892.
4. Roripa columbiae Suksdorf; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 40. 1897.
Nasturtium sinuatum columbiae Suksdorf; Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 147. 1895.
Nasturtium columbiae Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat. 16: 211. 1898.
Type locality: "Low gravelly banks of the Columbia River near Bingen," Washington.
Range: Oregon and Washington on gravelly river banks.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 952.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 297
5. Roripa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.
Sisymhrium curvisiliqua Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 61. 1830.
Nasturtium curvisiliqua Nutt; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.
Nasturtium curvisiliqua nuttallii S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 148. 1895.
Type locality: "Common on the Northwest coast of America, lat. 47°-48°, in sandy
soils, near streams." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and Lower California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3852; Seattle, Piper 1840; Tacoma, Flett 36
Skamania County, Suksdorf517 ; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf576, 1900; Bingen, SuJcsdorf236l
Skokomish River, Piper in 1890; Ellensburg, Whited 674; Kalama, Piper, October 31 , 1901
Roslyn, Whited 1205; Spokane, Dewart, July 15, 1901; October 11, 1900; Pullman, Elmer
819; Piper U74, 1840; Lake cfe Hull 476; Tumw&ter C&njon, Sandherg dc Leiberg 522;
Spokane, Kreager 559.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A very variable species divided by Nuttall into four, namely. Nasturtium lyratum,
N. polymorphum, N. cernuum, and N. curvisiliqua. a If there are good characters to
separate these, they remain to be pointed out. The type specimen of lyratum has an
evident style; that of polymorphum is almost obsolete.
6. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 169. 1894.
Nasturtium ohtusum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 74. 1838.
Type ix)cality: "Banks of the Mississippi."
Range: British Columbia to Michigan, California, and Texas.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2300; Bingen, Suksdorf 2299, 2353;
Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897, Spokane County, Suksdorf \90i
.
The Bingen specimens have been referred to R. tenerrima Greene, but they seem not
distinct from R. obtusa. The species is variable.
7. Roripa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. 27. 1822.
Sisymbrium amphibium palustre L. Sp. PI. 2: 657. 1753.
Nasturtium terrestre R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.
Nasturtium palustre DC. Syst. 2: 191. 1821.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to California and North Carolina. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lake Union, Suksdorf 1903;
Colville, Lyall in 1860; UsTk, Kreager 3.53; Wenache, Whited.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8. Roripa pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 40. 1897.
Roripa clavata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 235. 1902.
Nasturtium terrestre occidentale S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 148. 1895, not Nasturtium
occidentale Greene, Fl. Fran. 268. 1891.
Type locality: Shumagin Islands, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitudt; 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 519, 721; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 509; Waitsburg, Horner 83;
Iloquiam, Lamb V22\.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.
Brachylobus hispidus Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 183. 1814.
Nasturtium terrestre hispidum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 41. 1837.
Nasturtium hispidum DC. Syst. 2: 201. 1821.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
oTorr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73, 74. 1838.
298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Arizona and Florida.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt; Bingen, 5uA:sr/or/*'2350, 2352; Coulee City,
Lake dk Hull 470.
Zonal disteibution: Upper Sonoran.
LESQUERELLA.
Pods oval ; pubescence not stellate 1 . L. occidenftalis.
P<m1s obovato: pul)es<'ence stellate 2. L. dovglasii.
1. Lesquerella occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 251. 1888.
Vesicaria occidentalin S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 353. 1885.
Type locality: ''Near Yreka, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Sptx^iMENs examined: Near Mount Adams, Flett 4'M): Klickitat River, Flett 1137.
2. Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 255. 1888.
Type ukality: "On the Columbia River e«ist of the Cascade Mountains, Wilkes, LyaU,
Suksdorf."
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whitetl 1119, 1065; Rock Island, Sandherg dh Leiberg
426; White BlufTs of Columbia, Brandegee 635; near Columbus, Suksdotf'm 1886; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Columbia Valley, LyaU in 1860; without locality, Doughs in 1829;
Klickitat County, Suksdoif S42; Pasco, Ilindnhaw, M&y, 1896; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 312.
Zonal dlstribution: Upper Sonoran.
The Brandege«> specimeas are erroneously associated with L. occidentalis S. Wats, in the
Synoptical Flora.
THELYPODIUM.
Caulino leaves auriculate at base ! . 1 . T. sagittatum.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.
Annual; racemes loose; pods deflexed 2. T. lasiophyllum.
Biennial; racemes dense; pods spreading.
Leaves entire or repand 3. T. integrifolium.
Leaves pinnatifid.
^
Flowers whitish; leaves fleshy ^ 4. T. laciniatum.
Flowers purple; leaves membranous 5. T. streptanthoides.
1. Thelypodium sagittatum (Nutt.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 265. 1898.
Strejrtanthus sagittatus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12. 1834.
Thelypodium nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 26. 1871.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Little Goddin river toward the sources of the
Columbia." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington to Utah and Nevada.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Leckenby, May 18, 1898; without locality, Bran-
degee 638; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Coulee City, Piper 3883.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Thelypodiuinla8iophyllum(Hook.& Am.) Greene, Bull. Ton. Club 13: 142. 1886.
Turrilis («) lasiophylla Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 321. 1840.
Sisymbrium reflexum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila. 3: 26. 1848.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 953.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 299
3. Thelypodium mtegrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842.
Pachypodium integrifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 96. 1838.
Type locality: "Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards tlie Oregon, as far
as Wallawallah." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Yakima City, Piper, July, 1897; Coulee (3ity, iMke <& Hull 473;
Satus, Elmer 1073; Squaw Creek, Cotton 87^.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The "Thelypodium brachycarpum Torv.V of Suksdorf's list is based on a specimen of
T. integrifolium.
4. Thelypodium laciniatum (Hook.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842.
Macropodium laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 43. 1829.
Type locality: "Common on dry rocks about Wallawallah, and at Priest's Rapid on
the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 200, 124G; North Yakima, Piper; Pasco,
Piper 2986; Cascade Mountains, 49°, LyaU in 1860; Wallula, Leckenhy; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 229; Rockland, Suksdorf 237; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rock Lake, Piper 2792; Walla Walla, Leckenby; Douglas County, Spillman; Coulee City,
Piper 3863; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 391; Whitman County, opposite Clarkston,
Hunter 21; Ritzville, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 190.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
5. Thelypodium streptanthoides Leiberg, in herb.
Stout erect from a biennial root, often branched from the base, 0.5 to 1 meter high,
glabrous throughout; leaves oblong-lanceolate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid
with oblong or even linear lobes, green on both sides, 4 to 10 cm. long, all petioled; racemes
dense, 30 to 60 cm. long; sepals becoming 6 to 8 mm. long, deep purple at least on the upper
third, somewhat irregular, the lower pair often united for two-thirds of their length, con-
spicuously saccate at base, becoming tubulose-convolute at apex; petals narrowly linear
with a dilated apex, flat, double the length of the sepals; filaments much elongated, nearly
equal, free; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, on stout divaricate pedicels 4 to 6 nnn. in length, sub-
terete, flexuous or curved, minutely tomentose, strongly nerved; style short or none;
mature seeds not seen.
Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected near Wilson Creek, Douglas
County, altitude 680 meters, no. 229, Sandberg cfc Leiberg in 1893. Also collected on
rocky cliffs at Almota, Piper 1473. and 3.563; Lake Chelan, Elmer, July, 1897; and Soap
Lake, McKay 2.
This species is closely allied to T. laciniatum (Hook.) Endl., but differs in its thinner not
at all glaucous leaves and purple-tinged calyx.
ERYSIMUM.
Petals 4 to 5 mm. long; pods 1 to 2 cm. long 1. E. cheiranthoides.
Petals 16 to 24 mm. long.
Pods 4-angled, spreading, 5 to 12 cm. long.
Seeds quadrangular 2. E. asperum.
Seeds lenticular 3. E. elatum.
Pods flattened.
Cespitose perennial ; cotyledons incumbent 4. E. arenicola.
Biennial, simple; cotyledons accumbent 5. E. occidentalis.
1. Erysim^um cheiranthoides L. Sp. PI. 2: 661. 1753.
Type locality: European.
300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and North Carolina. -
Specimens examined: Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Pullman, Piper 2820; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 73.
2. Erysimum aspenun (Nutt.) DC. Syst. 2: 505. 1821.
Cheiranthxts asjier Nutt. Gen. 2: 69. 1818.
Cheiranihus capitatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 38. 1829.
Ttpe IvOC'amtv: "On the plains of the Missouri commencing near the confluence of
White River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Sa.skatchewan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens exa-Mixeo: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1307; Clallam County, Elmer 2G95; Mount
Rainier, Piper 20(i2; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1198; 30 miles south of Mount Adams, Flett
1733; Wenache,H'Aif«/ 1100, 130; K\i2.\\\\o , Samlherg d- Leiherg \^; Spokane, Piper 2948;
Henderson; Soap Lake, McKay 8; Wawawai, Piper; Lake tt* Hull 474; Elmer 77; Almota,
Piper 1499; Spokane, Kreager 161.
2k>NAL distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
The types of Cheiranthus capitatus were collected "on rocky places of the Columbia,
near the sea, and at Puget Sound." They can therefore scarcely be the .same as Erysimum
grandijlorum Nutt., to which Cheiranthus capitatus has been referred as a synonym.
3. Erysimum elatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray Fl. 1 : 95. 1838.
Cheiranthus fxicijicus Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 308. 1903.
Type Ijoc^ai.it\- : "Grassy situations by the banks of the Wahlamet." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Homer 82; Cape Horn, Piper 5028.
Zonal di.stribction: Humid Transition.
4. Erysimum arenicola S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891.
Type IjOcality: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington, near the summit. Col-
lected by Piper.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2179, 916.
Zonal di.stribution: Arctic.
6. Erysimum occidentale (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 144. 1895.
Cheiranthus occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 261. 1888.
Erysimum asperum pumUum S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 24. 1871, not E. pumHum DC.
1821.
Type LOCALmr: In Washington Territory (Walla Walla, Lyall; Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf).
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2686; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; Flett 1128; Yakima, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Columbus, Suksdoif in 1886; Rockland, Suksdorf in 1886; Tampico, Flett 1126; Sunny-
side, Cotton 310; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
SMELOWSKIA.
Capsule lanceolate, attenuate at each end 1. S. calycina.
Capsule ovate, nearly subcordate at base 2. S. ovalis.
1. Smelowskia calycina C. A. Meyer in Ledcb. Fl. Alt. 3: 170. 1831.
Smehwskia americamt RydlxTg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 239. 1902.
Type locality: Sil>cria.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Si!)oria.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 301
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2696; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, Septem-
ber, 1877; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 641; Elmer 1095.
Zonal distribution: Arctic,
Smelowskia ovalis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 624. 1895.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, ,/. M. Grant in 1889; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2063; James Bryce in 1883; Allen 61.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
BRASSICA.
Cauline leaves auricled at base and clasping \. B. campestris.
Cauline leaves not auricled or clasping.
Beak of the pod very short, less than one-fourth the fertile portion
. 2. B. nigra.
Beak of the pod long, about equaling the fertile portion 3. B. arvensis.
1. Brassica campestris L. Sp. PI. 2: 666. 1753. Turnip.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Waitsburg, Homer 73; Pullman,
Hardwick, July, 1895.
2. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 4: 713^1833.
Black mustard.
/Stnapi.s mj/ra L. Sp. PI. 2: 668. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Pijyer 4113; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
3. Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. Prcl. Cat. N. Y. 5. 1888. Charlock.
Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 668. 1753.
Brassica sinapisirum Boiss. Voy. Espagne 2: 39. 1839-45.
Type locality: "Habitat in agris Europae."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Pullman, Piper, August, 1893;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 514.
SISYMBRIUM.
Pubescence of simple hairs or none; leaves pinnatifid.
Pods subulate, appressed, 1 to 1.5 cm. long \. S. officimde.
Pods linear, spreading, 5 to 10 cm. long 2. 5. altissimum.
Pubescence of branched hairs.
Flowers white ; leaves mainly in a basal rosette 'i. S. ihalianum.
Flowers yellow; branches leafy.
Seeds biseriate in each cell 4. S. canescens.
Seeds uniseriate in each cell.
Lteaves tripinnate; herbage canescent 5. S. sophia.
Leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, subglabrous.
Capsules 10 to 14 mm. long, spreading.
Pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long, shorter than the
capsules • 6. S. incisum.
Pedicels 10 to 20 mm. long, longer than the
capsules 6a. S. incisum JUipes.
Capsules 3 to 6 mm. long on subequal ascending
pedicels 7. S. hartwegianum.
1. Sisymbrium oflB.cinale (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 26. 1772. Hedge mustard.
Erysimum officinale L. Sp. PI. 2: 660. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined; Pullman, HarduAck, August, 1895.
302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. PI. 2: 059. 175."^. Titmbi.ino must.ard.
Ti'PE ux'autt: "lial>itat in Italia, Gallia, Silx'ria."
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Gardner 416; Pulliuaii, Fii>er 3513; Wawa-
wai, Piper, May 31, 1903.
,
3. Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gay, Ann. S<'i. Nat. I. 7: 399. 1826.
Arahis thaliana L. Sp. PI. 2: 665. 1753.
Type IjOcalitt: Eumpt>an.
Specimens examined: Taconia, Flett, May, ISSK).
4. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2: ()8. 1S18.
Type uk-auty: " From Virginia to Gooi^ia."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Florida, and California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Henderson 2379; Wait.shurg, Homer 77; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.
6. Sisymbriiun sophia L. Sp. PI. 2: ()59. 175.3.
Type ukai.ity: Eumjx'an.
Specimens examined: Pullman, /'tper 351 1 ; Wawawai, Piper 2871 ; Waitsburg, Homer
599.
6. Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. in \. (iray, PI. Fendl. 8. 1849.
Type ixkai.ity: "Santa F«> Creek and Mora River," .\ew Mexico.
Range: Wa.shington and Manitoba to Calirornia and New Mexico.
Specimens exa.minei): Kllcn-shurg, Pt;»er, May 21, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 67;
Wenache MountaiiLs, Cotton 12S6. •
6a. Sisymbrium incisum iilipes \. Gray, PI. Fendl. 8. 1849.
Sitii/mhrium lontjipedicelhitnin Foiirn. Si.syml). 59. 1865.
Sophia jUxpes Heller, Bull. Torr. Cluh 24: 311. 1897.
Type U)cality: "Clearwater," Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Nevada.
Specimens examined: F^llensburg, Whited 438; North Y'akima, Mrs. Steinweg; Flett
1129; Tacoma, FUtt 51; Pasco, Piper 2972; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1477; Elmer 842; Almota, Piper, May, 1897;
Wawawai, Hull, May, 1892; Piper, May, 1893; Mount Carlton, Kreager 145; Coupeville,
Gardner 20; Wenache, Whited 1062, 603; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 364; Sunnyside,
Cotton 356; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
101; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in 1884; Wawawai, Piper 1477.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
7. Sisymbrium hartwegianum Fourn. Th6sc Crucif. 66. 1865.
Sisymbrium incisum hartwegianum Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 41. 1876.
? Sisymbrium canescens brevipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 92. 1838.
Type locality: "Crescit in imperio mexicano."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 50; Charleston, Piper, June 21, 1895: Pa.sco,
Piper 2996; Ritzville, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 161; Morgans Ferry, SuTcxdorf 2A2; Spokane
Valley, Lyall in 1861; Myers Fails, Kreager; Coulee City, Piper 3879, 3880; Republic,
Beattie & Chapman 2271.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran
.
The Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richards., in Hooker's Flora, is, in all probability, not that
species, but S. hartwegianum, so far as the plant from the "Great Falls of the Columbia"
is concerned.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 303
SCHOENOCRAMBE .
1. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 127. 1896.
Sisymbrium linifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 91. 1838.
Nasturtium linifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12. 1834.
Type LOCALrrY: "Head of Salmon River, in dry soils," Montana? Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 635; Piper, May, 1897; Whited 398; Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 3; Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 271; Coulee City, Piper 3854; without locality, Brandegee 640.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CAMPE.
Pods appressed, 1 to 1.5 cm. long 1.0. stricta.
Pods ascending, 2.5 to 3 cm. long 2. C. harbarea.
1. Campe stricta (Andrz.) W. F. Wight.
Barbarea stricta Andrz. in Bess. Enum. 72. 1822.
Barbarea vulgaris stricta A. Gray, Man. ed. 2: 35. 1856.
Type locality: "In Podoliae austr."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 754, introduced.
Mr. W. F. Wight has called attention to the fact that tlie genus name Barbarea of
Robert Brown, 1812, is invalidated by reason of the older Barbarea of Scopoli, 1760.
2. Campe barbarea (L.) W. F. Wight. Bitter cress.
Erysimum barbarea L. Sp. PI. 2: 660. 1753.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 109. 1812.
Barbarea barbarea MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 259. 1892.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Silverton, BoucTc 16; west Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf 2022;
Klickitat River, Flett 1134, 1141; Pend Oreille River, LyaZZ in 1861; Pullman, Piper, inue
1893; Elmer 180; Waitsburg, Horner &)5.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The western form of this plant is considered a distinct species by Dr. Rydberg as Barbarea
americana Rydb.a To distinguish it the charactei's of erect pods and lyrate leaves are
relied upon.
SUBULARIA.
1. Subularia aquatica L. Sp. PI. 2: 642. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae borealis inundatis lacustribus fluviis."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and New England.
Specimens examined: Whatcom Lake, Siilcsdorf.
BURSA.
1. Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber in Wigg. Prim. Fl. Hoist. 41. 1780.
Shepherd's purse.
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Sp. PL 2: 647. 1753.
Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic. Pflanzengat. 1 : 85. 1792.
Type locality: European.
A common weed all over the State.
oMem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 1: 174. 1900.
304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
HUTCHINSIA.
1. Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) DC. Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 168. 1814.
Lepidium procurnbeTUi L. Sp. PI. 2: 643. 1753.
Capsella ellipdca C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 199. 1831.
Capudla procumbens Fries, Novit. Fl. Suoc. Mant. 1: 14. 1832.
Hymenolobuji divaricaius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 117. 1838.
Hymendobus erectus Nutt. loc. cit.
Type ix)CALIty: "Habitat Monspelii."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador and southward. Europe. Asia. Australia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 26; Ellensburg, Whited, April, 1897;
Rock Lake, Sandberg dfc Leiberg 117; Sunnyside, Cotton 315; Coulee City, Piper 3890; Lin-
coln County, Henderson 4382; Spokane, Piper 2944.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
CAMELINA.
Glabrous or nearly so; pods 6 to 8 mm. long
,
1. C sativa.
Pul>osecnt at least l)elow; pods 4 to 6 mm. long 2- C, microcarpa.
1. CazaeUna microcarpa Andrcz. in DC. Syst. 2: 517. 1818.
Camflina sylveslri-s Wallr. Sohed. Crit. 347. 1822.
Type uxality: European.
Specimens e.\amined: Ellensburg, Whiied 448; Wawawai, Piper 1475; Frontier, Krea-
ger 465.
2. Camelina sativa Crantz, Stirp. Au.str. 1: 18. 1769.
Type mx'ality: Austria.
Specimens examined: Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892.
LEPIDIUM. PEPPER(iKA8S.
Apex of the capsules bidentate, the valves strongly reticulated 6. L. dictyotum.
Apex of the capsules merely emarginate, the valves not reticulated.
Capsules 4 to 5 mm. long, sinning 5. L. nitidum.
Capsules 2 to 3 mm. long, not shining.
Petals wanting or very minute.
Pods glabrous 1. L. apetalum.
Pods puberulent 2. L. lasiocarpum.
Petals present.
Basal leaves pinnately parted, pubescent 3. L. memiesii.
Basal leaves dentate, glabrous 4. L. medium.
1. Lepidiiun apetalum Willd. Sp. PI. 3': 439. 1800.
Lepidium elongatum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 234. 1902.
Type ukjality: "In Siberia."
Range: British Columbia to New England and southward. Asia.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1113; Yakima, Hendernon, May, 1892; Pasco,
Hindshaw 13; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1942; Pasco, Piper, May, 1899; Spiague,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 175; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897; Coulee City, Piper 3878, Walla Walla, Brandegee 645;
Almota, Piper 2788; Wawawai, Piper, June, 1894, 3064; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894, 3507;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 572; Almota, Elmer 21.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
2. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Or. Fl. 1: 115. 1838.
Type locality: "Near St. Barbara, Upper California." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 305
Specimens examined: Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Coulee City, Piper 3877;
between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Lepidium menziesii DC. Syst. 2: 539. 1821.
Type locality: "Hab. in ora occidentali Americae borealis." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, near the seashore principally.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2697; Iloquiam, Lamb 1153; Fairhaven,
Piper 2787; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 444; White Salmon, Suksdorf
242; Seattle, Henderson 77.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species was formerly confused with L. virginicum L., which does not occur in Wash-
ington.
4. Lepidium medium Greene, Erythea 3 : 36. 1895.
Lepidium intermedium A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 15. 1853, not Richard.
Type locality: "Ravines of the Organ Mountains, northeast of El Paso," Texas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Henderson 2045; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Bingen, Suksdorf 2362; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 479; Piper 3063, 3533,
3811; Waitsburg, Horner 4.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Lepidium nitidum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 116. 1838
Type locality: Near Santa Barbara, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Rockland, Suksdoif 2il;
Granddalles, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Lepidium dictyotum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 329. 1868.
Type locality: "Nevada, at Steamboat Springs."
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 844; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
138; Duck Lake and Crab Creek, Suksdorf 244; Walla Walla, Brandegee 646; Waitsburg,
Horner 604; Bolles Junction, Horner 607.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
THLASPI.
Pods large, winged, deeply notched; annual 1. T. arvense.
Pods small, scarcely winged or notched; perennials.
Leaves grpen, not glaucous 2. T. alpestre.
Leaves glaucous 3. T. glaucum.
1. Thlaspi arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 646. 1753. Penny cress.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897.
2. Thlaspi alpestre L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 903. 1763.
Type ixkjality: " Habitat in Austria.
"
Range: British Columbia and Montana to Mexico. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Thirty miles south of Mount Adams, Flett 1132; Mount Rainier,
Flett 227; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1210; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 811; Yakima County, Henderson
2386; upper Nisqually Valley, ^ZZen 300.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
29418—06 M 20
306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 275. 1898.
Thlasjn ali>e.itre glaucum A. Nelson, First Rep. Fl. Wyo. 84. 1896.
Type ux:ality: La Plata Mines, Wyoming.
Range: Washington, Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Pipsr 2407.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PHYSARIA.
1. Physaria geyeri (Hook.) A. Gray, Gen. III. 1: 162. 1848.
Vtsicarin (icijiri Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 70. f)l. 5. 1847.
Type locality: "Sunny, sandy declivities on elevated volcanic places, Upper Spokan
River." Collected by Geyer.
Range: In the vicinity of Spokane, Washington.
Specimens examined: SfKjkane Valley, Lyall in 1861; upper Spokane River, Geyer 476;
Spokane, Henderson 2384; Piper 2293; Marshall Junction, Piper 1843; Hangman Creek
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 17; Clarks Springs, Kreager 117.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Hooker n at fii-st included this species in his Vesicaria didymocarpa, and this is perhaps the
ba^ for the inclusion of Physaria didymocarjm (Hook.) Gray in Suksdorf's list.
NESLIA.
1. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 162. 1814.
Myagrum jHiniculatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 641. 175.3.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa, juxta agros."
Specimens examined: Frontier, Kreager 467.
ATHYSANUS.
1. Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) (ireene. Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 72. 1885.
Thymnocarpus pusilluH Hook. Ic. PI. pi. 1^. 1837.
Thysanocarpus ohlongifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 118. 18,'i8. *
Type locality: Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: BritLsh Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flelt 885; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 96; without
locality, Vaj<ey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 124; Piper 1481; HuU, May, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
THYSANOCARPUS.
1. Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 69. 1830.
Thysanocarpus trichocarpus Rydlxsrg, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 253. 1903.
Type locality: "On moist ground, near the Great Falls of the Columbia." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 30, 1886; Rock Lake,
Sandberg cfe Leiberg 118; Wawawai, Lake 478; Piper 1480 in part, April, 1897; Waitsburg,
Horner 76 in part; without locality, Vasey 187.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
la. Thysanocarpus curvipes madocarpus subsp. nov.
Differs from the species in having its pods glabrous instead of puberulent.
From field observations this seems worthy of subspecific rank. While both forms may
occur close together, yet so far as my observations go a particular colony of plants is of one
form or the other; the two do not occur mixed.
a Fl. Bot. Am. 1 : 49. 1830.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 307
Mr. M. L. Fernald kindly examined the type of T. curvipes in the British Museum and
writes that the pods are puberulent, a point not brought out in the original description.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Elmer, 79 (type); Wawawai, Piper 1480 in part;
Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 886; near Clarkston, Hunter 49; Waits-
burg, Horner 76 in part.
RAPHANTTS.
Pods grooved, 4 to 10-seeded 1 . R. raphanistrum.
Pods not grooved, 2 or 3-seeded 2. R. sativus.
1. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Sp. PI. 2: 669. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat inter segetes Europae."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 4214.
2. Raphanus sativus L. Sp. PI. 2: 669. 1753. Radish.
Type locality: Not given.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 18.
CoNRiNGiA perfoliata (L.) Link has been collected in Douglas County by Sandberg &
Leiberg (no. 314). It can scarcely be said to be established.
CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family.
CLEOME.
Flowers yellow 1 . C. lutea.
Flowers purple 2. C. serrulata.
1. Cleome lutea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 70. 1830.
Type locality: "Common in North-West America; on the banks of the Columbia;
and in the vallies of the Blue Mountains, sparingly; and as far as to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Nevada and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1152; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Piper 1805; Flett 1036; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 405; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
375; without locality, Vaserj in 1889; Hangman Creek, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 907.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. 2: 441. 1814.
Cleome integrifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 122. 1838.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri." Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 570; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PoLANisiA TRACHYSPERMA Torr. & Gr. appears in Suksdorf 's list. There are no herbarium
specimens of this plant from Washington to justify its inclusion in the flora.
DROSEEACEAE. Sundew Family.
DROSERA.
Leaf blades round, long-petioled 1. D. rotundifolia.
Leaf blades spatulate 2. D. longifolia.
1. Drosera rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 1 : 281. 1753. Sundew.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae paludibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2785; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma,
Flett 318; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 370; Ilwaco, Henderson; Davis Lake, Kreager 437.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Drosera longifolia L. Sp. PI. 1 : 282. 1753.
Drosera anglica Huds. Fl. Angl. 135. 1778.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa ubique."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to Newfoundland, Idaho, and California. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson; Falcon Valley, SuJrsdorf 371.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
CRASSULACEAE. Stonecrop Family.
Flowers solitary axillary; annual Tillaeasteum.
Flowers cymose; perennials or biennials.
Leaves serrate ; flowers purple Riiodiola.
Leaves entire ; flowers yellow.
Petals free to the base Sedum.
Petals united below the middle Oormania.
1. TILLAEASTRUM.
Leaves obtuse; pedicels as long as the leaves 1. T. drummondii.
Leaves acute ; pedicels very short 2. T. aquaticum.
1. Tillaeastrum dnunmondil (Torr. & Gr.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1903.
TiUiita drummondii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 558. 1840.
Type locality': Texas. Collected by Drummond.
Range: Washington to California and Louisiana.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Gorman 693.
2. Tillaeastnim aquaticum (L.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1903.
TUlaea aquaiica L. Sp. PI. 1: 128. 1753.
TiUaea angustifdia Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 558. 1840.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to Lower California, Texas, and Mary-
land. Europe.
Specimens examined: Parker, Elmer, July, 1898.
RHODIOLA.
1. Bhodiola integrifolia Raf. Atl. Journ. 1 : 146. 1832.
Sedumfrigidum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 282. 1901.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward Fort Colville, LyaU in
1860; Mount Adams, iSutsdor/" 547, 859; Mount Stuart, Bmrwiej^ee 773.
SEDUM. Stonecbop.
Leaves spatulate, very glaucous 1 . S. spcUhidifolium.
Leaves not spatulate nor glaucous.
Leaves subglobose, bright green 2. S. divergens.
Leaves lanceolate, broadest at base.
Leaves becoming scarious; carpels divergent 3. S. douglasii.
Leaves not becoming scarious.
Perennial, carpels erect 4. S. stenopetalum.
Biennial, carpels divaricate 5. S. leihergii.
1. Sedum BpathulifoUum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 227. 1834.
Type locality: "Common on dry rocky places of the Columbia and Salmon Rivers."
Collected by Douglas.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 309
Range: British Columbia to northern Cahfornia in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2691; Whidby Island, Gardner 121;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 548; mouth of Columbia,
Douglas 1825; Stuart Island, Lawrence 12.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
2. Sedum divergens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 372. 1882.
Type locality: "In the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory; on Mount Adams
and near the summit of Yakima Pass." Collected by Suksdorf and by Watson.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 222\; Mount Rainier, Piper in 1895;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 369; Henderson A; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 774; Elmer 1181 ; Sand-
berg & Leiberg 809; Yakima Pass, Watson 142; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 27, 1892;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 856.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
3. Sedum douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 228. 1834.
Sedum unifiorum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 213. 1898.
Type locality: "Common on rocky places of the Columbia to the mountains." Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Flett 1206; Tieton River, Cotton 486; Fort
Colville, Watson; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Henderson 2572; Piper;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 302; Blue Mountains, Lake cfc Hull 442; Palouse, Cloud;
Spokane, Kreager 6; Olympic Mountains, Flett 116.
Zonal distribution: Arid Tiansition.
Sedum unifiorum Howell is apparently only a weak state of the species, having solitary
or few flowers.
4. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 324. 1814.
Type locality: "On locks on the banks of Clark's River [Montana] and Kooskoosky"
[Idaho]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 138; east side Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; San Juan County, Gardner, June 23, 1899; East Sound, //«n-
derson in 1892; Mount Stu&.i, Sandberg & Leiberg 55b; Ellensburg, £'Zmer 416; near Ellens-
burg, Whited 540; Laconner, Gardner; Twisp River, Whited 237; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 409; Stehekin, Griffiths cfc Cotton 209; Flat Top Island,
Lawrence 114.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Sedum leibergii B:itton, N. Am. Fl. 22':73. 1905.
Sedum divaricatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:372. 1882, not Aiton, 1789.
Type locality: "In Union County, Oregon." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wawawai, Henderson
2571; Hull 442; Elmer 762; Piper; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co<ton 703.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
GORMANIA.
1. Gormania oregana (Nutt.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 30. 1903.
Sedum oreganum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 559. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocks, near the mouth of the Oiegon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Silveiton, Bouck 75; Whatcom County, Gardner 420; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Columbia River, Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf
310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
126?: Columbia River, NultaU (type); Mashel Canyon, Piper 2123; Stampede Pass, Hen-
derson, July 27, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, I^ke cfc Hull 443; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Humid Transition.
SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxifrage Family.
Staminodia none: carpels 2, distinet, at least above Parnassia (p. 322).
Staminodia present: carpels 3 or 4, united.
Placentae a.\ial.
Carpels distinct; leaves coriaceous, without stipules . . Leitarrhena (p. 310)
Carpels united, at least l)elow.
Stamens 10 Saxikraoa (p. 312)
.
Stamens 5.
Ovary .superior Bolandra (p. 310).
Ovary not superior.
Rootstocks bearing bulblets; ovary al-
most wholly inferior Hehieva (p. 311 )
.
Rootstocks not bearing bulblets; ovary
half-inferior Tiierokon ( p. 311 ).
Petals none ; stamens 8 Chrysosplenium ( p. 318).
Placentae parietal or nearly ba.sal.
Stamens 8 or 10.
Petals present ; stamens 10.
Carpels unequal
;
petals entire Tiarella ( p. 317 ).
Carpels equal; petals laciniatc Tellima (p. 317).
Stamens 5 or 3.
Petals {linnatifid ; .stamens 5 Mitella (p. 319).
Petals entire or none.
Stamens 5; calyx campanulate or turbinate. Heuchera (p. 320).
Stamens 3; calyx tubular Leptaxis (p. 322).
LEPTARRHENA.
1. Leptarrhena amplexifolia (Sternb.) Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.
Saxifraga amplexifolia Sternb. Rev. Sax. Suppl. 1:2. jd. 2. 1822.
Sanfraga pyrolifolia D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 389. 1822.
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.
Type locality. LJnala.ska.
Range: Alaska to Mount Adams, Washington, and Kootenai Pass, British Columbia.
Specimens examined; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895, Mount Ranier, Flett
255; Piper 2039; Allen 281; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892, Suksdorf 543, Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859, Stevens Pass, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 711; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 658; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution. Arctic.
BOLANDRA.
1. Bolandra oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 292. 1879.
Type locality; "On wet rocky banks of the Willamette River, near Oregon City, Ore-
gon." Collected by Howell.
Range; Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: White Salmon River, Suksdorf in 1882; Cape Horn, Piper 5021.
Zonal distribution ; Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 31i
THEROFON.
Stipules scarious or foliaceous 1 . T. majus.
Stipules represented by bristles 2. 2\ elatum.
1 . Therofon majus intermedium.
Boykinia major intermedia Piper, Erythea 7 : 172. 1899.
Therofon intermedium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 53. 1904.
Type locality: New London, Chehalis County, Washington. Collected by Lamb.
Range: Known only from the type.
Specimens examined: New London, Lamb 1267.
2. Therofon elatum (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 121. 1894.
Saxifraga elata Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 575. 1840.
Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 577. 1840.
Boykinia elata Greene, Fl. Fran. 190. 1891.
Boykinia nuttallii J. M. Macoun, Can. Rec. Sci. 6: 409. 1895.
Type locality: "In wet places near Chenook Point at the estuary of the Oregon."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to south California, along the coast.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2209; Quilcene, Gardner 109; Sno-
qualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Silverton, Bouck; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 118a.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Rydberg, a considers this distinct from T. elatum under the name of Therofon occidentale.
A careful reexamination of the above material and much more leaves our previous con-
clusion unchanged. The plant of California, T. cincinnatum Rosendald & Rydberg loc.
cit., is feebly distinguishable by a larger inflorescence with the branches more or less
racemiform and curved pedicels. This is said to range from Washington to California, but
we have seen specimens only from California.
HEMIEVA.
Petals violet, long-clawed 1 . 11. violacea.
Petals white, short-clawed 2. 11. ranunculifolia.
1. Hemieva violacea (A. Gray) Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 71. 1896.
Suksdorfia violacea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 42. 1879.
Type locality: "Wet rocks of the Columbia River in Washington Territory, near the
junction of the White Salmon River."
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuksdorfGS; April, 1878; April 29, 1882.
According to Professor Greene there are specimens in the British Museum collected by
Douglas at Kettle Falls.
2. Hemieva ranunculifolia (Hook.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 70. 1836.
Saxifraga ranunculifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 246. pi. 83. 1833.
Suksdorfia ranunculifolia Engler in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3^*: 52. 1891.
Type locality: "On the high grounds around the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and on
the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to North California and east to North Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Ra'micr, Piper 2033; Goat Mountains, ^ZZen 201; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 297 ; Howell in 1882; Klickitat River, Flett 1310; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
<fc Leiberg 791 ; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
oN. Am. Fl. 22: 123. 1905.
312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SAXIFRAGA. Saxifraqe.
Stems producing perennial branches, these densely l)eset with small
leaves.
Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, entire.
Filaments clavate; leaves spatulate, obtuse, not ciliate.... 1. S. tcimiei.
Filaments subulate; leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliate 2. S. bronchialin.
Leaves not coriaceous thin, 3 to 5-lobed or cleft.
Calyx united only at base ; leaves cleft 3. S. cesfitosa.
Calyx united to the middle; leaves lobed 4. 5. adscendens.
Stems not producing perennial leafy branches.
Calyx campanulate; st<«ms leafy; basal leaves crenate; cauline
few, entire or 3-lobed 5. S. debUis.
Calyx rotate; leaves all or mostly basal.
Leaves serrate or coarsely' dentate.
Petals dissimilar; leaves spatulate, serrate, short-
petioled 9. iS. bongardi.
Petals similar; leaves cordate or n-niform, coarsely
toothed, long-petioled.
Caudcx bulbous; herbage somewhat glandular;
leaves usually doubly dentate 6. S. mertermana.
Caudex not IhiIIkius; leaves glabrous, simply den-
tate.
Petals spatulate-obovat? 7. 5. odontofhylla
Petals elliptic, not clawed 8. S. nelmidana.
Leaves entire or merely crenate, all basal.
Leaves ovate or oblong, petioled, u.sually coarsely cre-
nate.
Leaves thick, subcoriaceous, red-tomentose beneath
at least when young 10. S. marshallii.
Leaves' not subcoriaceous, often thin, glabrous or
nearly so 11. S. californica.
JLeaves entire or nearly so, oblong-spatulatc to ovate.
Calyx lobes erect, shorter than the tube; petals
wanting 17. S. apelala.
Calyx lobes spreading, alxiut as long as the tube;
petals present.
Petals not exceeding the calyx lobes.
Petals obovate 12. 5. plantaginea.
Petals narrowly oblong 13. 5. columhiana.
Petals much longer than the calyx lobes.
Stems 30 to 60 cm. tall; flowers 7 to 9
mm. broad; leaves without petioles. 14. 5. oregana.
Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; flowers smaller;
leaves more or less distinctly petioled.
Flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad; leaves el-
liptic, villous and viscid above 15. S. integrifoiia.
Flowers 3.5 to 5 mm. broad; leaves
usually broadly ovate; petals per-
sistent 16. S. fragosa.
1. Saxifraga tolmiei Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 567. 1840.
Type locality: "Northwest coast." Collected by Tolmie.
Kangjg: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 313
Specimkns examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2642; Mount
Rainier, Allen 99; Smith in 1890; Piper 2038; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892;
Fleti 1317; Suksdorfm 1877; Bridge Creek, Elmer 635.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The specific name of this plant in the original publication was spelled tolmaei, evidently
a typographical error.
2. Saxifraga bronchialis L. Sp. PI. 1: 400. 1753.
Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 389. 1900.
Saxifraga cognata E. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 118. 1900.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and New Mexico; also Siberia and Russia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2210; Baldy Peak, Lam& 1312; Whidby
Island, Gardner 115; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper
2036 and August, 1888; Smith 348; Goat Mountains, ^ZZen 197; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; between Colville and the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 11; Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 763;
Loomis, Elmer 583; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4972.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
Two forms of this variable species occur in Washington, both with white flowers. The
alpine form has acute or acuminate leaves, while the plant common on the cliffs along the
Columbia River and in Island County has thinner obtuse or obtusish leaves and larger
corymbs. Mr. Howell has referred the latter form to S. cherlerioides D. Don, with which,
however, it is not identical.
Small a recognizes Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand as valid (Leptasea austromontana
Small, loc. cit.) and describes the second form mentioned above as Leptasea vespertina.
Saxifraga bronchialis L. as generally accepted is a polymorphic species and the above are,
as we believe, mere subspecies at best. Intergrading forms occur. They may be desig-
nated, however, Saxifraga bronchialis- austromontana and S. bronchialis vespertina. The
type of the latter is Lamb's 1312.
3. Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sp. PI. 1 : 404. 1753.
Type locality : North European.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to Quebec, Colorado, and Oregon. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pi;)er 2211; £'Zmer2649; Flett 809; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 759; Elmer 1102; Goat Mountains, Allen 200; Mount Rainier, Flett 2176
258; Johns Island, Lawrence 194; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 343; Orcas Island, Hender-
son, July, 1892; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Eatonville, Flett 2213.
Two forms of this variable species occur in our limits, one high alpine, densely cespitose,
the leaves with short obtuse lobes and obscure veins; the other from cliffs along the Colum-
bia River and the San Juan Islands, with thinner prominently veined leaves and a taller
looser habit. The latter approaches closely S. caespitosa laxa Koch. The former is scarcely
matched in European material. This has recently been proposed as a new species by
Small b under the name Muscana emarginata, the type being Elmer's 2649. This plant is,
however, much nearer to true S. cespitosa than the thin-leaved form. Both are mere sub-
species in our judgment.
4. Saxifraga adscendens L. Sp. PI. 1 : 405. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pyrenaeis, Baldo, Tauro Rastadiensi."
Range: British Columbia to Washington, Colorado, and Hudson Bay. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Baker, Flett 855.
5. Saxifraga debilis Engelm.; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colo. 38. 1874.
Type locality: Colorado.
oN. Am. FI. 222; 153. 1905. b N. Am. Fl. 22^: 129. 1905.
314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 20, 1895.
6. Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Peter.sb. VI. 2: 141. 1832.
Saxifraga htteraniha Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 252. 1833.
Type locality: "Sitcha," Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and the Blue Mountains; north California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2643; Chehalis County, Iximb 1348; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount R&'mier, Allen 17; Goat Mountains,
Allen 241; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 14; rocks of the Columbia, NuttaU; Blue Mountains,
Homer; Cape Disappointment, 5coMZ«r.
Zonal distribition: Canadian.
Small o coasiders that two .species have been confused under the above, which he dis-
tinguishes as Ileterisia merUnsiana and //. eastuxwdiae, the former with bulblets in the
inflorescence, the latter without. Both occur in Wa.shington, and careful field study is
needed to determine if the character relied upon is really specific.
7. Saxifraga odontophylla sp. nov.
Perennial by stout rootstocks, not bulbous, entirely glabrous up to the inflorescence;
leaves all basal, reniform-orbicular, somewhat fleshy, coarsely and evenly dentate with 15
to 25 teeth, 2 to 8 cm. broad; petioles usually 2 to 3 times as long as the blade; scapes
10 to 40 cm. high; inflorescence a Ukwc, erect panicle, glandular; bracts linear, the lower
more or less dentate or occasionally foliaceous
;
pedicels slender; calyx 5-parted, the lobes
oval, obtuse, 2 mm. long, reflexed in anthesis; petals white, orbicular and unguiculate,
longer than the calyx ; filaments spatulate, acuminate; ovary free; cap.sules usually purple,
somewhat inflated, 7 to 8 nnu. long, deft to the middle, the l)eaks becoming divaricate.
This species has long passed in American herbaria as S. jninctata L. , a rare European species.
Among American species it can only Iw confused with S. nelsoniana Don, which is a sinnller
plant with lol)ed rather than dentate leaver, pubescent stems and inflorescence, elliptical
undawed petals, and a more or le.ss condensed flower cluster. S. odontophylla ranges
from British Columbia to New Mexico and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2213; Elmer 2639; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2025; Flett 236, 278; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Cascade Mountains
alx)ve Stampede Tunnel, //em/trsoTi in 1892; Mount Adams, Sutsf/o?/ 544; Wenaclie Moun-
tains, Whiled 255; Silverton, Bouck 72a; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 570 (type);
Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfr Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896;
above Lake Chelan, Wilcox in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
The type is in the National Herbarium, sheet no. 289646.
8. Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 355. 1822.
Saxifraga punctata nelsoniana Engler, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548. 1869.
Type LOCALrrY: Cape Newnham, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2214; Elmer 2640; Mount Rainier,
AUen 16; Piper 2040; Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Stevens Pass, Piper, July 7, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 716.
The Lyall specimen is peculiar and is referred here with doubt. It has the leaves doubly
dentate, scarcely cordate, pubescent on each side, perhaps viscid. It may be referable per-
haps to S. mertensiana.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
oN.Am.Fl. 222:156. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 315
9. Saxifraga bongardi Presl, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 528. 1869.
Saxifraga stellaris brunoniana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 140. 1831, not Saxi-
fraga brunnoniana Wall.
Saxifraga leucanthemifolia brunoniana Engler, Monog. Sax. 135. 1872.
Saxifraga notkana Moc; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 368. 1896.
Type locality: "Sitka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains and westward
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2644; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49
,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Pijyer 2026, 446; Smith, August,' 1889; Allen 49; Goat
Mountains, Allen 199; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 542, 363; Klickitat River, Flett 1316;
Silverton, Bouck 69; mountains north of EUensburg, Brandegee 760; Skamania County,
Suksdorf2500; Bridge Creek, £'Zmer 691 ; Horseshoe Basin, Late cfc/7uZ/ 468; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 657.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is allied to S. stellaris L. and has often been thus referred.
10. Saxifraga marshallii Greene, Pittonia 1: 159. 1888.
Saxifraga occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 264. 1888.
Type locality: "On damp rocky hillsides, Hoopa Valley, Humboldt County, California."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2034*; Goat Mountains, Allen 242*;
Wenache region, Brandegee 757*; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2212; Elmer 2646; lower
Cascade Mountains, Skamania County, Sulcsdorf 967 ; White Salmon, Suksdorf 269; Goat
Mountains, Allen, July 22, 1896; Mount Baker, Flett 857; Cape Horn, Piper 4969.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and in the Columbia Gap.
The specimens marked with an asterisk agree with the type of S. occidentalis in having
clavate filaments. The remaining specimens are very similar in all other respects but have
subulate filaments. Watson included both forms in his original account of the species.
If the filament character proves to be a real specific distinction, as may indeed be the case,
we shall have two species of remarkable similarity. The form with subulate filaments is
allied to S. nivalis L., under which name it has been distributed. The form from the Colum-
bia Gap was referred in Hooker's Flora to S. vemalis Willd., and in Suksdorf 's List to S.
reflexa Hook.
Besides the above specimens a few others have been examined, evidently closely allied
to S. marshallii, but which we hesitate to refer there, namely: Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1040; Admiralty Head, Oscar Piper; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
The whole group is in need of critical revision, o
a In the recent treatment of Saxifraga by Small in the North American Flora five
species are recognized under the generic name Micranthes in what I have here referred to
S. marshallii. The following characters are relied upon to distinguish them:
Filaments subulate M. rufidula Small.
Filaments clavate or spatulate.
Petals bimaculate M. marshallii (Greene).
Petals wholly white.
Cymules permanently compact.
Petals rounded at apex ; species of northern Rocky
Mountains M. occidentalis (S. Wats.;
.
Petals notched at apex; species of the Northwest. . M. allenii Small.
Cymules lax and open.
Petals notched at the apex M. aequidentata Small. "
The value of the above characters will have to be determined by careful field study and
larger series of material. M. rufidula Small is probably a valid species, and according to
the above characters will include all of the specimens above not marked with an asterisk.
It may be remarked that this embraces most of the specimens from the bluffs of the
316 CONTBIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
11. Saxifraga califomica Greene, Pittonia 1: 286. 1889.
Type localiti-: "Central parts of California in the Coast Range ecpecially."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, LyaU; Fort
Vancouver, Scouler.
These two specimens are thus referred with much hesitancy.
12. Saxifraga plantaginea Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896.
TiPE ixK-ALm-: Spokane, Washington. Collected by Sandherg & Leiberg.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Sandberg tfr I^eiberg, May, 1893.
Zonal distribition : Arid Transition.
13. Saxifraga Columbiana Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 393. 1900.
Type UHJAnri-: Pullman, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, LyaU in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfr Leiberg 16; Pullman, Piper 149(j, 1808; Elmer 126; Almota,
Piper, May 27, 1893.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
The Sandberg & Leiberg collection was referred by Small n to S. nidifica Greene.
14. Saxifraga oregana Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895.
Type ixxwi-in-; "Mountain marshes of Oi-egon and Wa.shington."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2488; Ta.com&, Flett
181; Falcon Valley, Siiksdorf 1729; Steilacoom, Piper, May, 1888.
Zonal dlstribi-tion: Humid Transition.
16. Saxifraga integrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 249. 1833.
Ti-PE LOC.\LiTi-: "Near the mouth of the Columbia." Collected by S<'ouler.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition; Roy, Allen 87; Tacoma, Flett
22, m.
Zonal distbibution : Humid Transition.
16. Saxifraga fragosa Suksdorf, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 363. 1896.
Saxifraga daytoniaefolia Canby, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 36.'). 1896.
Type locality: "Wet rocks near the Columbia River, W. Klickitat County, Washing-
ton." Collected by Suksdorf.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 1727 ; Falcon VaDey, Suksdorf \72S,
2201; Klickitat River, Flett 130.5a, 1309, 1311; Ellensburg, Whited 319; Wenache Moun-
tains, WhUed 1040; Lake River, Clarke County, Suksdorf 2496, 2497; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Almota, Piper 1797, 2793; Elmer 139; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1179,
1311.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Columbia with thinner, nearly glabrous leaves, thus approaching S. califomica closely, as
well as the alpine plant with thick leaves red-tomentose beneath.
The character relied upon to separate M. allenii and M. occidentalis does not seem
valid. At least a duplicate type specimen in the National Herbarium has most of its
petals entire at apex. It is very questionable, too, if the character upon which M. aequi-
dentata is based will suflBce to distinguish it from M. allenii. Differences in the compact-
ness of the cyme are subject to the degree of inaturity of the specimens and to the effects
of altitude and exposure.
oBull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 317
17. Saxifraga apetala Piper, Bull. Torn Club 27: 393. 1900.
Type locality: Eastern Washington. Collected by Vasey.
Range: Wenache Mountains.
Specimens examined: Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 6, 1896; north branch of
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1070; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains,
Cotton 1204.
Saxifraga punctata acutidentata Engler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548.
1869. Tj^e locality: "South Clear Creek, Cascade Mts." Collected by Lyall. Leaves
deeply dentate, not cordate; petioles dilated above. It is quite probable that there is an
error as to the above locality, as the Gra}^ Herbarium specimen is labelled "Rocky Mts.,
Lat. 49° ' ' The plant has not been found in the Cascade Mountains by any recent collector.
TIARiELLA.
Leaves merely lobed 1. T. unifoliata.
Leaves trifoliolate.
Leaflets coarsely dentate 2. T. trifoliaia.
Leaflets deeply lobed or cleft 3. T. laciniata.
1. TiareUa unifoUata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 238. pi 81. 1833.
Petalosteira unifoliata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 74. 1836.
Type locality: "Height of land in the Rocky Mts. near the source of the Columbia,
and at Portage River." Collected by Drummond.
Range: Alaska to Northern California, eastward to west Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2031; along Nisqually River, Allen 188;
Silverton, Bowct 70; Stampede Pass, He/wZerson, July, 1892; Yakima Pa.ss, Watson 134;
Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf 120, 121; Stevens Pass, Whifed 1452; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8,
1900; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 673; Horseshoe Basin, Lake c& Hull 466; Elmer 724;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 186; Usk, Kreager 371.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. Tiarella trifoUata L. Sp. PI. 1: 406. 1753.
TiareUa stenopetala Prosl, Rcl. Haenk. 2: 55. 1835.
Blondia trifoUata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836.
Type locality: "Habitat in Asia boreali."
Range: Oregon to Alaska and northeast Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2775; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1859;
Seattle, Smith Sd; Snoqualmie, Pa/Zrer, August, 1892; Steilacoom, Cooper in 1854; Skoko-
mishY&Wey, Kincaid, June, 1892'; upper Nisqually Valley, ^4ZZen 8; Roy, Allen 104; Mount
Ad&ms, Sulcsdorf 121; Cascade Mountains, Lya/Hn 1859; Silverton, 5owct 5a, 71 ; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, August, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Tiarella laciniata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pi. 77. 1833.
Petalosteira laciniata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 74. 1836.
Tiarella trifoUata laciniata Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 72. 1896.
Type locality: "North-Wcst coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Lower Cascades, Skamania County, 5uts(ior/" 856 in part; Mount
Constitution, Flett 2735.
TELLIMA.
Petals sessile, pinnately parted 1. T. grandiflora
Petals clawed, palmately cleft.
Calyx obconic
;
petals 3-cleft 2.7'. parviflora.
,Calyx campanulate; petals 3 to 7-cIeft 3. T. tenella.
318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: -pi. 1178. 1828.
MiteJla graivdiflora Pursh, Fl. 1: 314. 1814.
Tiarella alternifolia Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830. "^
Type locality: "On the northwest coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Southern California, west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Speclmens examined: Montesano, Heller 3862; Clallam County, Elmer 2045; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°,Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smi^A 88; Taconm, Flett 61; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allenl\ Silverton, Bouch 73; Roy, Allen 102, May 19, 1889; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 12; Horseshoe Basin, Lake ct- Hull 467; Elmer 743; Cape Horn, Piper 4973.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pi. 78. 1833.
Lithophragma parviflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 584. 1840.
Mitella parmflora Dietr. Syn. 2: 539. 1840.
Type locality: "North California " J/en?ies.
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Wenache, Whited 1017; West Seattle, Piper 89;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton, 333; White Salmon, Suksdorf 273; Spokane, Henderson,
Ma}', 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Ldberg 32; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861 ; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker; Pullman, Elmer 171; Piper, May, 1893; HuU, May, 1892; Walla
Walla, Leckenhy, April, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Tellima tenella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 371. 1843.
Lithophragma tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.
Type loc:ality: "In the central range of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the
Big Sandy and Siskadee rivers of the Colorado of the West, about lat. 42°." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, .southward to south California and New Mexico.
Speclmens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 761, Wenache, Whited 1017;
Ellensburg, Whited 261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 272^; White Salmon, Suksdorf 272;
Klickitat River, Flett 1307; Pullman, Elmer 80; Wawawai, Piper, May, 1893; Clarkston,
Hunter 2.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Rydberg « regards our plant as a distinct species under the name Lithophragma bulbi-
fera, stating that it differs from its immediate allies in being bulbiferous in the leaf axils
and in having fimbriate instead of entire sepals.
Tellima glabra Steud.b {Lithophragma glabra Nutt.c), found by Nuttall in the Blue
Mountains of Oregon, is said by Rydbergrf to differ from T. tenella, which is known only
from the Rocky Mountains, in having muriculate seeds and pedicels larger than the cap-
sules.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM.
1. Chrysosplenium scouleri (Hook.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 23: 277. 1897.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 242. 1834.
Chrxjsosplenium glechomaefolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 589. 1840.
Type locality: "Columbia River on the North West coast." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1044; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 150;
Nisqually River, Flett 92; Mashel Mountain, Piper 2029, 748; Columbia River, Nuttall;
without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco, Piper 4992; Quinault, Conard 131.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
a N. Am. Fl. 222-: 86. 1906. c Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 584. 1840.
b Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. d N. Am. Fl. 22^: 84, 85. 1906.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 319
MITELLA.
Stamens opposite the pinnatifid green petals 1. M. pentandra.
Stamens alternating with the petals.
Calyx green; petals pinnatifid.
Stems bearing 1 to 3 leaves ; stoloniferous 2. M. caidescens.
Stems leafless; not stoloniferous.
Leaves broadly reniform-cordate 3. M. hreweri.
Leaves ovate 4. M. ovalis.
Calyx white; petals trifid or entire.
Petals entire ; calyx-lobes obtuse 5. M. micrantha.
Petals 3-cleft or 3-parted.
Raceme secund; petals 3-parted with filiform divaricate
lobes 6. M. stauropetala.
Raceme not secund; petals cuneate, 3-cleft at apex, the
lobes not divaricate.
' Calyx-lobes obtuse; leaf lobes rounded 7.M. trifida.
Calyx-lobes acute; leaves angularly lobed 8. M. diversifolia.
1. Mitella pentandra Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pi. 2933. 1829.
Drummondia mitelloides DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830.
Mitellopsis drummondii Meisn. PI. Vase. Gen. 1: 100. 1836.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains of North America." Type specimen raised from
seed collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Henderson, July 11,
1892; Mount Rainier, Pzper 2028 ; upper Nisqually Valley, ^ZZen 5; Mount Siuo.rt,Sandberg
cfc Leiherg, June, 1893, 567; Stevens Pass, Piper, July, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer
165; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August,
1892; Horseshoe Basin, LaJce & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Horner 122; Piper
2410.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Rydberg considers that two species have been confused under M. pentandra, desig-
nating them as Pediantia pentandra and P. latijlora Rydberg.o The somewhat larger
flowers and hairy petioles of the latter are considered diagnostic, but we find all interme-
diates in the size of the flowers and also find hairy petioles on small-flowered plants. Both
extremes as to the size of the flowers occur in the Cascade Mountains.
2. Mitella caulescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 586. 1840.
Mitdlastra caulescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 201. 1898.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon near the mouth of the Wahlamet." Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 90; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 9; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 365; woods of the Columbia,
Nuttall; lower Frazer River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Carlton, Ereager 203.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Mitella breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 533. 1865.
Type locality: "Mount Hoffman, in a damp place at about 11,000 feet altitude",
California. Collected by Brewer.
Range: California to British Columbia and north Idaho.
Speclmens examined: Baldy Peak, Lam& 1347; Mount Rainier, Pzper 2030; Allen AS;
Flett 303; Goat Mountains, Allen 86; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf
364; Nason Creek, Sandberg c& Leiberg 661.
Zonal distribution; Hudsonian.
oN. Am. Fl. 22^:86. 1906.
320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Mitella ovalis Greene, Pittonia 1 : 32. 1887.
Mitella hallii Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895.
Type ix)caljty: Mendocino County, California.
Range: Washington to north California near the coast.
Specimens examined: Iloquiam, Lamb 1056; Quinault, Conard225.
6, Mitella micrantha Piper, Erythea 7: 162. 1899.
Type localitt: Fort Colville, Washington. Collected by Watson.
Range: Known only by the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Watson 135.
6. Mitella stauropetala Pipt^r, Erythea 7: 161. 1899.
Type ixx'Ality: Craig Mountains, Nez Perce Cdunty, Idaho.
Range: Idaho.
Common near the Washington line and to be expected on Kamiak Butte and in the
Blue Mountains.
7. Mitella triflda Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 7: 185. 1829.
Mitellopgk hookeri Meisn. PI. Va.sc. Gen. 1: 100. 1836.
Tj-PE LOCALmr: Type raised from seeds presented by Mr. Drummond "after the return
of the last overland journey to the arctic coast of America."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 83; Mount Rainier, AUen 7; Goat
Mountains, AUen 195; Mount Stuart, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 815; Mount Baker, Flett 858;
west Klickitat County, Sukxdorf 122; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1281.
Rydberg « separates the Cascade and Olympic Mountain plant from that of the Rocky
Mountains as Ozomelis pacijica. The distinction relied upon is the slightly larger size of
the calyx and corolla.
8. Mitella diversifolia Greene, Pittonia 1 : 32. 1887.
MiteUa diversiloba Greene; Piper, Erj'thca 7: 162. 1899, err. typ.
Type locality: "From the same region as the preceding," i. e. "summit of Trinity
Mountains, California." Collected by C. C. Marshall.
Range: North California to Washington.
Specimens examined: White Salmon River, Svlcsdorf 13.
HEUCHEBA.
Stamens exserted; flowers in loose panicles.
Leaf lobes triangular, acute ; herbage glabrous \.H. glabra.
Leaf lobes rounded ; herbage pubescent, at least the under
leaf surface 2. H. micrantha.
Stamens included.
Flowers in a loose raceme i Z. H. racemosa.
Flowers in a spike or spike-like panicle.
Calyx white; leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous.
Stems and petioles glabrous 4. H. glabella.
Stems and petioles villous 4a. //. glabella columbiana.
Calyx green, leaves not subcoriaceous.
Leaves thin, glabrous 7. H. tenuifolia.
Leaves thickish, not glabrous.
Pubescence villous or hirsute 5. H. cylindrica.
Pubescence glandular.
Spike 2 to 4 cm. long 6. H. ovalifolia.
Spike less than 2 cm. long 6&. H. ovalifolia alpina.
aN. Am. Fl. 22^:95. 1906.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 321
1. Heuchera glabra Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6: 216. 1820.
Heuchera divaricata Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 51. 1830.
Tiardla colorans Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Joum. 7: 349. 1829.
Type locality: Western North America.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Smith,
August, 1890; Piper 2027, 548; Goat Mountains, Allen 194; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1377;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 54Q; Skamania County, Suksdorf 968; Peshastin, Sandberg <&
Leiberg 485; Bridge Creek, Elmer 674.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Heuchera micrantha Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pZ. 1302. 1829.
Heuchera barbarossa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 56. 1835.
Type locality: "Mountainous woods, near the Grand Rapids [Cascades] of the Colum-
bia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to north Idaho and California. Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £'Z?ner 2651 ; Snoqualmie, Parter, August, 1892;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 10; Silverton, BoucJc
71a; Peshastin, Sandberg ck Leiberg 485; Columbia River, Barclay; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf, June, 1874; Union City, Piper in 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
Two forms occur, one with the petioles very villous, the other havingthem nearly glabrous.
The former seems to be the typical H. micrantha Dougl., but Rydberga has recently con-
sidered it a distinct species, naming it H. nuttallii.
3. Heuchera racemosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 365. 1885.
Tellima racemosa Greene, Erythea 3: 55. 1896.
Type locality: "On cliffs of Mt. Adams, Wash., at 7-8000 ft. altitude." Collected by
Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2215, 913; Clallam County, Elmer
2641; Mount Rainier, Piper 2032; Allen 196; Mount Ad&ms, Suksdorf, July, 1883; Hender-
son 2480; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 765; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg
662; Bridge Creek, Elmer 689.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species forms the type of the genus Elmera proposed by Rydberg.6
4. Heuchera glabella Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:581. 1840.
Heuchera cylindrica glabella Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 203. 1890.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains towards. Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Eastern Oregon to Montana and northward into British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf2^;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 18S6; Pullman, Piper 1497; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 71 ; Chelan Butte, Cotton 183.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4a. Heuchera glabella Columbiana (Rydberg).
Heuchera columbiana Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22'-: 116. 1905.
Type locality: "Near Swan Lake, Washington." Swan Lake is erroneous, the locality
being Loon Lake, Stevens County.
Differs from H. glabella principally in the hirsute stems and petioles.
Specimens examined: Clarks Springs, Beattie & Chapmai\ 2019; Loon Lake, Winston,
July 20, 1897; Ellensburg, Elmer 419; Wenache Mountains, Whi'.ed 1134.
a N. Am. Fl. 222 : jos. 1906. & N. Am. Fl. 22^ : 1 16. 1 906.
29418—00 M 21
322 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
6. Heuchera cylindrica Dougl.; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 236. 1833.
Type locality' : " On the declivities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams on the
west side of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to southern Oregon and east to north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4067; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Fktt 123; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1739; Vancouver,
Piper 4944.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
6. Heuchera ovalifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 581. 1840.
Type ix)CAUTi-: "Blue Mountains, Oregon, on rocks." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer, August, 1898?; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 3; Leavenworth, Savage 26; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson 2492;
between Coulee City and Waterville, SpiUman, May 27, 1896; north fork of Columbia
River, Wilkes Expedition.
6a. Heuchera ovalifolia alpina (S. Wats.)
HevLchera cylindrica alpina S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 96. 1871.
Type locauty: "Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11000 feet altitude."
Range: British Columbia to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2491; Suksdorf 14; Wenache Moun-
tains, Elmer, July, 1897.
This seems to Iw merely a reduced alpine state of H. ovalifolia Nutt.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Heuchera tenuifolia (Wheelock) Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 222:116. 1905.
Heuchera cylindrica ienuifolia Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 204. 1890.
Type locauty: Near the Dalles, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, J. //oweW, June, 1879; Major Creek, Klickitat
CJounty, Suksdorf 857.
Heuchera suksdorfii Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22^: 116. 1906. Type locality: Falcon
Valley. Collected by Suksdorf. This is closely related to //. ovalifolia Nutt., but is said
to differ in having the leaves deeply lobed and the teeth broadly ovate.
LEPTAXIS.
1. Leptaxis menziesii (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836.
Tiarella memiesii Pursh, Fl. 1: 313. 1814.
Heuchera memiesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 237. pi. 80. 1833.
Tolmiea memiesii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 582. 1840.
Type locality: "On the northwest coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Mendocino County, California, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, //eZZcr 3851 ; Clallam County, £Zmer 2776; Hoquiam,
Lamb 1054; Seattle, Piper 92; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,'^\.&y, 1892; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 6, Silverton, Bouck 74; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Port
Ludlow, Binns; Roy, Allen 78.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
PABNASSIA.
1. Pamassia fimbriata Konig, Ann. Bot. 1:391. 1805.
Type locality: "On the coast of northwest America." Collected by Menzies.
Range : Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 323
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains 2208; Mount Rainier, Piper 2037; AU^n
282; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Whited 1430; Fish
Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Bridge Creek, Elmer 673.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
GROSSULARIACEAE. Currant Family.
RIBES. Currant. Gooseberry.
Stems usually armed with spines and frequently with prickles ; leaves
plicate in the bud.
Peduncles 1 to 4-flowered; calyx tube campanulate or cylindric.
Flowers about 2 cm. long, dark purple; berries warty, gland-
ular 1. R. lobbii.
Flowers much smaller, greenish or purple or white.
Berries prickly 2. R. watsonianum.
Berries smooth.
Calyx lobes longer than the tube; stamens decid-
edly longer than the whole calyx.
Flowers white; calyx lobes narrow 3. R^ niveum.
Flowers greenish or purplish; calyx lobos
broader 4. R. divaricatum.
Calyx lobes equaling or shorter than the tube.
Stamens scarcely longer than the whole calyx
;
flowers greenish
;
prickles often wanting ... 5. ^. inerme.
Stamens decidedly shorter than the whole calyx.
Lobes equaling the campanulate tube ... 6. R. irriguum.
' Lobes shorter than the cylindric tube 7. R. cognatum.
Peduncles nodding; flowers rather numerous in a raceme; calyx
tube saucer-shaped; berries glandular.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so ; berries black 8. R. lacustre.
Leaves pubescent or glandular; berries red 9. R. lentum.
Stems not thorny or prickly.
L«aves convolute in tlie bud; flowers yellow; calyx-tube long
cylindric 18. R. aureum.
Leaves plicate in th6 bud; flowers green, white or red.
Calyx tube rotate.
' Berries red, smooth 14. R. ciliosum.
Berries black, glandular.
Flowers white 13. R. petiolare.
Flowers greenish. »
Racemes erect or nsccnding.
Glands sessile 10. R. hradeosum.
Glands stalked 11. R. laxiflorum.
Racemes pendent 12. R. JMwellii.
Calyx tube cylindric or campanulate.
Flowers red; raceme drooping, many-flowered 15. i?. sanguineum.
Flowers white op greenish ; inflorescence few-flowered.
Berries red or orange, glabrous or slightly glandu-
lar; leaves resinous-dotted; raceme drooping.. . IG. R. cereum.
Berries black, glandular; leaves viscid-pubescent;
inflorescence corymbose 17. R. viscosissimum.
1. Ribes lobbii A. Gray, Am. Nat. 10: 274. 1876.
Type locality: "Vancouver Island." Collected by Wood.
Range : Vancouver Island to North California west of the Cascade Mountains.
324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2655; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 28; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 17.
Zonal distribition: Humid Transition.
2. Bibes watsonianum Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 197. 1893.
Ribes ambiguum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883, not Maxim. 1874.
Type ukalitt: "Im Washingtongebiet."
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Speclmens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf IS, 337, 54; Wenache region, Brandegee
770; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
3. Ribes niveum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: pi. 1692. 1835.
Ri}>es friforum Willd. err. det. Uook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 230. 1831.
Type locautv': "North-west America." Collected by Dpuglas.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 1887; Wawawai, £^Zm«r 90.
Zonal distkibution : Upper Sonoran.
4. Ribes divaricatum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 515. 1830.
Type ixxauty: "Northwest coast of North America from the 45° to the 52° N. Lat."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to southern California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, //e//er 3921 ; Iloquiam, Lami 1005; Admiralty Head,
Piper, April, 1898; Seattle, Piper in 1897; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 18C5; Port Ludlow,
Binns; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885; Seattle, Engelman cfc Sargeni in 1880; upper Nis-
qually Valle}', Allen 69; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Ribes inerme Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 202. 1900.
Type locality: " Slough Creek," Montana.
Range: Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico and westward to the Sierras
and Cascades.
Specimens examined: Near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Whited288\ Pullman, Piper
1801, 3538; Elmer 87, 1256; without locality, Fasey. in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited 2545.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
,
6. Ribes irriguum Dougl. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. 7: 576. 1830.
Ribes leucoderme Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 93. 1897.
Type localfty: "On the Blue Mts. in latitude 46° 33', very common;" "also on hills
on the banks of the Spokane River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Sandberg <& Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2262, 2284;
Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861 ; Blue Mounfains, Piper 2433; along Tukanon River, Lake cfc
Hull 459; Mount Carlton, Kreager 215.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Ribes cognatiun Greene, Pittonia 3: 115. 1896.
Type locality: "River banks at Pendleton," Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache region, Brandegee 772; Sprague, Sandberg dc Leiberg
150; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson; Union Flat Creek, Piper 1810, 2628, 3565, 3566; Elmer
116; Almota, Piper 2627; Wawawai, Piper 1501.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 856. 1811.
Ribes echinatum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 517. 1830.
Type locality: Lake Mistassini, Canada. ^
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 325
Range: Labrador and New England to Alaska, and south to central California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 321; Elmer 2656; Admiralty
Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; upper Nisquallj'^ Valley, Allen 29; near
Skagit Pass, LaJce <& Hull, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 19; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1257; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1243; Wenache region, Brandegee 771; Lake
Wenache, Sandberg & Leiherg 645; Blue Mountains, Piper 2423, August, 1896; Lake <&
Hull, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
9. Ribes lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc Wash. 16: 28. 1902.
Rihes lacustre molle A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1 : 206. 1880.
Ribes lacustre lentum Jones, Prec. Cal. Acad. IL 5: 681. 1895.
Ribes moUe Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 209. 1898, not Poepp. 1858.
Ribes nubigenum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 80. 1894, not Phil. 1856.
Ribes mx>ntigenum McClatchie, Erythea 5: 38. 1897.
Type locality: Utah.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2489; Klickitat River, Flett 1318.
10. Bibes bracteosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 233. 1831. Stink currant.
Type locality: "At the confluence of the Columbia with the ocean." Collected by
Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to north California, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1011; Montesano, Heller 3912; Seattle, Piper
96; Silverton, Bouck 65; Clallam County, Elmer 2652; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 124;
Mount Ad&ms, Suksdorf 124; Nisqually valley, ylZZen 27; Stevens F&ss, Sandberg d; Leiberg
728; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 861; without locality. Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
11. Bibes laxiflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 731. 1814.
Ribes affine Dougl.; Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 138. 1832.
Type locality: "On the northwest coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon, near the coast.
Specimens examined: Head of Duckaboose River, Olympic Mountains, Piper 2206;
Chehalis County, Lamb 1064a; head of Twisp River, Whited 221; without locality, Cooper;
Ilwaco, Piper 4954.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
12. Ribes howellii Greene, Erythea 4: 57. 1896.
Ribes acerifolium Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895, not Koch. 1869.
Ribes laxiflorum Pursh, err. det. Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 208. 1898.
Type locality: On Mount Hood, Oregon.
Range: Mount Hood, Oregon, northward into British Columbia in the mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2207; Elmer 2657; Sargent. August
18, 1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2035, August, 1888; Sargent, August 18, 1896; Goat Moun-
tains, Allen 70; Klickitat River, Flett 1308, 1320; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 669;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 666; Mount Adams, Suksdorf G34, 367.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
13. Ribes petiolare Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 514. 1830.
Type locality: "On the western base of the Rocky Mts. from the 48° to the 52° N.
Lat." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to western Montana and northern Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache region, Brandegee 769; Wenache, Whited, May, 1896;
near Ellensburg, Piper 2626; Siracoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Mount Stuart, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 566; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; along Salmon River, Horner
296; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1318.
326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species has been confused with Ribes hudsonianum Richards., which is lot known
west of the Rocky Mountains.
14. Ribes ciliosum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 208. 1898.
Ribes migratorium Suksdorf, Deutsche Bot. Monatss. 18: 86. 1900.
Type ux;auty: ' ' Marshy ground about the base of Mt. Hood on the south side," Oregon.
Collected by Howell.
Range: Ca.scade Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, S\iks<hrf 969; Klickitat River, Flett 1320;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
16. Ribes sanguineum Pursh, Fl. 1: 164. 1814. Red flowering currant.
Type locality: "On the Columbia River." Collected by Lewi.s. The exact locality
was near Deer Island.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2658, 2654; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Pij)er 97; Lake Washington, Engelman tfe Sargent, July 16, 1880;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 69; uppt>r Nisqually Valley, Allen 80;
Port Ludlow, Binns; Silverton, Bouek 66; Columbia River, Douglas in 1833; without
locality, Cooper; Lake Chelan, Lake cfe HviU 462.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The color of the flowers of this species varies from very dark to very pale crimson. Oci^a-
sional specimens are white-flowered.
16. Ribes cereum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 512. 1830.
Rihes reniforme Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 21. 1834.
Type locality: On "the river Columbia from the Great Falls 45" 46' 17" N. Lat. to
the source of that stream in the Rocky Mts." Collected by I>)ugla.s.
Range: British Columbia to New Mexico and South Dakota.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2625; Mount Adams Suksdorf, September,
1877; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandherg <& Leiberg 442; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 324; upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; White BlulTs, Lake
dk HuU 461; Rock Lake, Sandberg cfe Leiberg, June, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfe Lei-
berg 93; Coulee City, Henderson, July, 1892; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal cfe Heller,
April 20, 1892; Heller 2936; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; near Almota, Piper, April, 1894,
June, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
17. Ribes viscosissunum. Pursh, Fl. 1: 163. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountains in the interior of North America." Col-
lected by Lewis. The exact Iwality is on the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Twisp River, Whited 181, and July, 1896; Klickitat River, Flett
1306; Conconully,- Whited 1323; Nason Creek, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 684; Spokane, Sand-
berg <fc Leiberg, May, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Sargent, July 3, 1896; with
out locality, Brandegee in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager
251 ; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1278.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
18. Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl. 1: 164. 1814. Golden currant.
Type locality: "On the banks of the rivers Missouri and Columbia." Collected by
Lewis.
Range: Washington to Montana and southward to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 22; 1349; Ellensburg, Piper in 1897; Naches
River, Henderson in 1892; Douglas County, Spillman in 1896; North Yakima, Flett in
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON". 327
1027; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 320; Spokane, Heller 2935; Dewart, May 3, 1901;
Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 301; Hangman Creek, Sand-
ber(j cfc Leiberg 21; Clarks Springs, Kreager 64; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 20;
Union Flat, Piper in 1897; Almota, Piper 1886; Lake <& Hull 460.-
Zonal distribuiion: Upper Sonoran.
The fruit of this plant in Washington is commonly yellow, but near Ellensburg forms
with yellow, red, and black fruits occur growing together. Excepting for this character
they appear indistinguishable.
HYDRANGEACEAE. Hydrangea Family. «
Shrub low, spreading or trailing; stamens 10 to 12 or sometimes fewer;
ovule and seed solitary in each carpel Whipplea.
Shrub erect; stamens many; ovules and seeds numerous in each carpel. . Philadelphus.
WHIPPLEA.
1. Whipplea modesta Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 90. pi. 7. 1857.
Type locality: "Redwoods, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamb.
PHILADELPHUS.
Leaves pubescent only on the nerves beneath, entire or denticulate;
styles united for half their length, rarely for more 1. P. lewisii.
Leaves pubescent all over beneath, usually dentate; style-s united for
two-thirds their length 2. P. gordonianus.
1. Philadelphus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1: 329. 1814. Syringa.
Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to type.
Type locality: "On the waters of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis, July 4, 1806.
On this date Lewis, according to Coues, was on "Hellgate River, between Missoula,
Montana, and the mouth of the Big Blackfoot River, Montana."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon from the Cascade Mountains eastward to Montana
and Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 143; Ellensburg, Elmer 380; Yakima region,
Brandegee; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 452; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 465; Grand
Coulee, McKay 17; Spokane, Piper, September 1, 1899; Spangle, Suksdorf 300; Blue
Mountains, Piper in 1896; Sargent in 1896; Colfax, Piper; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 464;
Piper 3828; Turn Tum Mountain, AUen 221; Cape Horn, Piper 5030.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
2. Philadelphus gordonianus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 21. 1838. Syringa.
Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to most specimens cited.
Type locality: "Along the banks of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to North California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Satsop, Heller 4023; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
LyaU in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 113; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2100; Devils Head, Flett 2101; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Sargent & Englemann in 1880; Crescent Lake, Sargent in
1896; Cape Horn, Piper 5031.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The types of gordonianus and leuxisii are the same as to style character. Relying upon
this as a better character than leaf pubescence, I proposed P. confusus. Upon further
study however, I am convinced that the leaf characters, including pubescence, separate
the two species more truly than does the style character.
328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Rydberg, in his recent treatment of the genus in the North American Flora, recognizes
6 species in this group. The characters relied upon, however, are not at all convincing.
P. confusus Piper is considered a valid spocie.^; P. columbianus Koehnea supposed to be
from Britisli Columbia, is identified with spec^iniens here referred to P. gordonianus; and
P. angustifoUus Rjdberg^' is described frona specimens collected at "Palace Camp" on
the Willis trail to Mount Rainier.
ROSACEAE. Rose Family.
Carpels few, in fruit becoming 2 to several-seeded follicles or capsules;
shrubs.
Leaves palmatcly lobed; pods 2-valved Opulaster (p. 329).
Leaves not palmatcly lol)ed.
Stamens united at base; leaves twice or thrice palmately
3-cleft ; flowers racemose Lutkea (p. 329).
Stamens not united at base ; flowers in panicles or corymbs.
Stamineal disk adherent, entire; ovules 2 Schizonotus (p. 330).
Stamincal disk free at the edge, not entire; ovules
several.
Shrubs with simple leaves; flowers perfect Spiraea (p. 330).
Herlis with comiMumd leaves; flower.-! dioecious. Aruncus (p. 332).
Carpels few to many, becoming akenes or drupelets in fruit.
Fruit consisting of druplots, usually united RuBUS (p. 332).
Fruit consisting of akenes.
Akenes in fruit inclosed in the more or less enlarged tur-
binate or campanulate receptacle.
Receptacle cup-shaped and fleshy in fruit; prickly
shrubs with pinnate leaves Rosa (p. 334).
Receptacle dry in fruit; herbs.
Petals yellow ; calyx prickly Aorimonia (p. 335).
Petals none; calyx not prickly.
Leaves palmately lobed; flowers axillary. . Alchemilla (p. 335).
Leaves pinnate ; flowers spicate Sanouisorba (p. 335).
Akenes in fruit on a plane or merely concave receptacle.
Herbs.
Styles deciduous, naked, terminal or lateral.
Styles terminal.
Stamens inserted near the base of the
receptacle cup on an annular thicken-
ing; flowers yellow Potentilla (p. 336).
Stamens inserted well up in the recep-
'
tacle cup; no annular thickening. . . Horkelia (p. 339).
Styles lateral.
Carpels hairy; shrubs Dasiphora (p. 341).
Carpels glabrous; herbs.
Stamens 5; carpels 10 to 15; leaves
trifoliolate Sibbaldia (p. 340).
Stamens 20; carpels numerous.
Leaves trifoliolate; receptacle
fleshy in fruit; petals white. Fragaria (p. 340).
Leaves pinnate; receptacle
not fleshy.
oGartenflora 1896: 542. 1896. bN. Am. Fl. 22': 166. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 329
Flowers dark purple; re-
ceptacle spongy CoMARUM (p. 341).
Flowers yellow; receptacle
dry-
Plant stoloniferous;
flowers solitary Argentina (p. 341).
Plant not stolonifer-
ous; flowers cymose. Drymocallis (p. 342),
Styles persistent, terminal, mostly plumose or geni-
culate.
Calyx lobes and petals 8 or 9 Dryas ^p. 343).
Calyx lobes and petals 5.
Styles jointed, the upper part deciduous. . Geum (p. 343).
Styles not jointed, plumose or naked Sieversia (p. 344).
Shrubs or trees.
Styles very long and plumose in fruit; petals none. Cercocarpus (p. 345)
Styles short, naked; petals yellow Kunzia (p. 345).
OPULASTER. NiNEBARK.
Carpels pubescent, not exceeding the calyx 1.0. paucijlorus.
Capsules glabrous, much exceeding the calyx 2. 0. ojndifolius.
1. Opulaster pauciflorus (Torr. & Gr.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 581. 1898.
Spiraea opulifolia paucijlora Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 414. 1840.
Neillia malvacea Greene, Pittonia 2: 30. 1889.
Opulaster malvaceus Greene, Eiythea 2: 194. 1895.
Physocarpus pauciflorus Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 94. 1901.
Type locality: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2693; Rock Lake,
Sandberg & Leiberg 102; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3088, 3557; Elmer 808; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July 16, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 35; Spokane, Kreager 625.
Zonal distribution: And Transition.
2. Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 989. 1891.
Spiraea opulifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 489. 1753.
Neillia opulifolia Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 171. 1876.
Physocarpa opulifolia Raf . New Fl. 3 : 73. 1836.
Spiraea capitata Pursh, Fl. 1 : 342. 1814.
Type locality: "In Virginia, Canada."
Range: Canada to Georgia and Kentucky; British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2520; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Coupeville, Gardner 99; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Montesano, Heller 3858;
Olympia, ^incaztZ, July 4, 1896; Chehalis County, Lami 1154; Silverton, 5owci 46; Manor,
Piper 3074; Roslyn, WhitedAm; Klickitat River, Flett 1330; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LTJTKEA.
1. Lutkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 217. 1891.
Lutkea sibbaldioides Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 130. 1833.
Saxifraga pectinata Pursh, Fl. 1 : 312. 1814.
Eriogynia pectinata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 255. pi. 88. 1834.
Type locality: "Northwest coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Mount Shasta and the Blue Mountains.
330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Elmer 2531; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 51; Mount Rainier, Allen 122; Pijxr
2041; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Skagit Pass,
LaJce <& HuU 491; between Cascade Mountains and Colville, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 655; Bridge Creek, Elmer 639; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
SCHIZONOTUS.
1. Schizonotiis discolor (Pursh) Raf. New Fl. 3: 75. 1836. Ocean spray.
Holodiscus discolor Maxim. Act. Ilort. Petrop. 6: 254. 1879.
Spiraea discolor Pursh, Fl. 1 : 342. 1814.
Spiraea ariaefolia Smith, Rees Cycl. 33: no. 16. 1816.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Kooskoosky." Collected by Lewis.
Range: B:-itish Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2522; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49",
Lyall i:i 1859; Seattle, Piper 64; Port Ludlow, Binns; near Satsop, Heller 4025;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 2; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Skagit Pass,
LaJce dc HuU, August, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Peshastin, 5an</tcr</ cfc Leiberg 478;
Wenache, Whited 1176; EUensburg, Whited 543; Cowiche Creek, Co«on 466; Horseshoe
Basin, Elmer 708; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tukanon River, Lake dfc Hull 512; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Clarks Springs, Kreager 78; Mount Carlton, Kreager '2&\.
Zonal distribution: Transition, larely Upper Sonoran.
SPIRAEA.
Low depressed shrubs with entire leaves.
Calyx lobes acute ; leaves canesc-cnt \. S. cinerascens.
Calyx lobes obtuse ; leaves glabrous 2.5'. hendersonii.
Taller shrubs with serrate or incised leaves.
Inflorescence pyramidal.
Leaves tomentose beneath ; flowers red 3. /S. douglasii.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Flowers red 4. S. memiesii.
Flowers white ; 5. S. pyramidata.
Inflorescence flat-topped.
Flowers red, crowded &. S. densijlora.
Flowers white, looser 7. S. corymbosa.
1. Spiraea cinerascens Piper, Erythea 7: 171. 1899.
Type locality: "On bluffs of the Columbia River, Wash., 12 miles south of Chelan, in
crevices of basaltic rock." Collected by Elmer.
Range: Known only from the t3rpe collection.
Specimens examined: Okanogan County, Elmer 910.
2. Spiraea hendersoni (Canby) Piper, Erythea 7: 171, 172. 1899.
Lutkea hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 219. 1892f[
Eriogynia hendersoni Canby, Bot. Gaz. 16: 236. 1891.
Type locality-: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 910, 1991; Elmer 2517; Henderson
1874; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1374; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 344.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Spiraea douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1; 172. 1830.
Type locality: "North West coast of America about the Columbia and the Straits of
De Fuca." Collected by Douglas and by Scoulei.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 331
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2523; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Shoalwater Bay, J . 6. Cooper in 1854: Seattle, Smith 62;
Piper, August, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 899; Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Spiraea menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 73. 1830.
Spiraea douglasii menziesii Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. 1849.
Type locality: "North West coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4004; Chehalis River, Lamb 1241; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, AUen 1 ; Cascade Mountains,
Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 399; Whited 490; Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31,
1900; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 787; Lake Chelan, Lake <&; Hull 511; Peshastin, Sandberg
cfe Leiberg 512; Columbia River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Palouse City, Cloud, June,
1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 193; Lake Chelan, Cotton
844.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Arid Transition.
,
5. Spiraea pyramidata Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892.
Type locality: Clealum, Washington. Collected by Greene.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 115; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 514; Ellensburg, Elmer 411; North
Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, WMted 463; Lake Keechelus, Piper 1112; near
Leavenworth, Whited 188; Kittitas County, Henderson 2325; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfe
Hull, August, 1892; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
6. Spiraea densiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 414. 1840.
Spiraea betulaefolia rosea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 381. 1872.
Spiraea arbuscula Greene, Erythea 3 : 63. 1895. »
Type locality: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2514; Hender-
son 245; Mount Rainier, Piper 1993 ; Allen 57; near Skagit Pass, Zaie <fc //uZZ 510; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 712; Bridge Creek, Elmer 656.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Prec. Dec. 36. 1814.
Spiraea lucida Dougl.; Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892.
Type locality: "En Virginie."
Range : British Columbia to Oregon and the Black Hills ; also Kentucky and New Jersey
to Georgia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; Tieton River, Cotton 456;
Roslyn, Whited 463; Wenache, Whited 188, 1184; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Peshastin,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 599; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lrjall in 1860; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1522; Hull, May, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake 509;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 72; Vancouver, Piper 4941; Lake Chelan, Cotton 223.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
In Cooper's Report this species was referred to S. betulaefolia Pallas.
332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ARUNCUS.
1. Aruncus aruncus (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 779. 1880-83. Goatsbbard.
Spiraea aruncus L. Sp. PI. 1: 490. 1753.
Aruncus syhvster Kostol. Ind. Hort.-Prag. 15. 1844.
Type locality: "' Habitat in Austriae, Alvorniae rnontanis."
Range: Ala.ska to Oregon and in the Eastern States from Iowa to Pennsylvania and
southward. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens examined: C'laliani County, Elnur 2527; Silverton, Bouck 50; Mount
Stuart, Sandberg tfc Lciherg 561; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf, August 7, 1886; Yakima Pass, Watson; Cascade Mountains, Svksdorf,
2044; Horseslioe Basin, ZxiA-<!cf!//wrt 507; Bridge Creek, £'/mer 655; without locality, V'asft/
in 1889.
Zonal distribittion : Transition.
RUBUS.
Herbs; stems trailing, unarmed.
Leaves 3 to 5-lolx>d or rarely parted; carpels tomentose I. R. lasiococcus.
Leaves 3 to5-foliolate; carpels glabrous 2. R. pedatus.
Shrubs.
Stems trailing, biennial.
Leaves .shiny, 3-lolx»d or rarely 3-parted; l>erries red 3. R. nivalis.
Leaves dull, 3 to 5-foliolate ; In^rries bla<k 4. 7^. macropetahttt.
St«ims erect or ascending. —
Leaves 3 to 5-lolx?d; stem unarmed, perennial 5. R. pannfonis.
Leaves 3 to 5-foliolate; stems prickly, mostly biennial.
Flowers red ; fruit yellow or garnet 6. ^R. spectahilis.
Flowers white; fruit black.
Stems perennial, very prickly; berry cylindric . 10. R. laciniatus.
Stems biennial ; lx*rry hemispheric.
Berry red ; steins not glaucous 7. R. strigosus.
* Berry black; stems glaucous.
Leaves glaucous beneath 8. R. leucoderrnis
Leaves green beneath 9. R. hesperius.
1. Rubus lasiococcus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 201. 1882.
Type locality: "Near Mount Hood, Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamb 1403; Clallam County, Elmer 2524;
Mount Rainier, Allen 124; Piper 1994; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 541, 10; Klickitat River,
Flett 1.336; Stevens Pass, Whited 1433; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892;
Cascade Mountains near Berne, Piper, July, 1895; Yakima Pass, Watson 106; Nason Creek,
Samlberg cfe Leiberg 664; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Rubus pedatus Smith, Ic. PI. 3: pi. 63. 1791.
Type locality: "In Americae borealis tractu occidentali." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1304; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
LyaJlixx 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2042; ^ZZen 280, 310a; Moxini MsLma, Suksdorf5'W; Sil-
verton, Bouck 57; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Okanogan County,
Elmer 697; Stevens Pass-, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 736; Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward
Colville, LyaU; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 333
3. Rubus nivaUs Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1833.
Type locauty: "On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 78; Mashel Mountain, Piper 710;
Silverton, Bouck 57a; Alma, Piper 1995; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890.
2k)NAL distribution: Canadian.
This species is abundant in deep forests near the base of Mount Rainier. In such places,
however, it never blooms. Fertile plants must be sought either in recent burns or on
rocky outcroppings. The flowers are dull purplish in color.
4. Rubus macropetalus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 178. 1833. Dewberry.
Type locality: "In the valley of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Mm er 2530; Montesano, //eZZer 3887; Hoquiam,
Lamb 1017; Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 79; De Fuca
Straits, Cooper; Silverton, Bouck 58; Lakeview, Henderson, July, 1892; Ta-coma, Flett 1;
McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson; Skokomish Valley,
Kincaid, May, 1892; Kason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 649; without locality, Vasexj in
1889; Roslyn, Whited 408.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species is very close to R. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. of California, but it seems
distinct. It never has unifoliolate leaves, which are so commonly produced in the latter.
The plant referred by Cooper to R. trivialis Michx. is probably R. macropetalus, but we have
been unable to find the specimen.
5. Bubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. 1 : 308. 1818. Thimble berry.
Rubus nuikanus Mo?.; DC. Prod. 2: 566. 1825.
Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832.
Type locality: "Island of Michilimackinack, Lake Huron."
Range: Alaska to California, New Mexico, and Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2518; Seattle, Piper 66; Tacoma, Flett
13; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1758; Muckleshoot, Doctor Ruhn; Silverton, Bouck 53f Skoko-
mish Ysdhy, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 25; Yesh&si'm, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 542; F&lconYedhy, Suksdorf 1758; Tieton River, Cotton 455; Roslyn, Whited 400;
without locality, Fasey in 1889; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 804; Piper, July 20, 1899; Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 502; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 38.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Rubus spectabilis Pursh, Fl. 1 : 348. 1814. Salmon berry.
Type locality': "On the banks of the Columbia." Collected by Lewis, the exact
locality very near Deer Island.
Range: Alaska to northern California and north Idaho. In Washington it ascends to
1,600 feet altitude.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2513; Port Ludlow, Binns, April 10,
1889; Roy, Allen 97; Silverton, Bouck 56; Seattle, Piper 67; Tacoma, Flett 110; Wood-
lawn, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 26; Stampede Tunnel, Hen-
derson, June, 1892; Skagit Pass, iMke cfc Hull 503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 726;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Two forms of this species occur, one with claret-colored or nearly black fruit, the other
with yellow fruit, the latter being the better flavored. The former may be distinguished
even in flower by the purple color of its twigs.
334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Bubvis strigosus Michx. Fl. 1 : 297. 1803. Red raspberry.
Type locality: "In montibus Pennsylvania ot in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Fort Colvillo, Watson; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September,
1897; without locality, Brandegee 739; Spokane, Piper 2268; along Salmon River, Homer
295.
ZiONAL distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
8. Bubus leucodennis Dougl.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 454. 1838. Blackcap.
TiPE LOCAUTi': "North West Coast of America."
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2516; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1858-59; near Satsop, Ilellrr 4033; Seattle, Piper 68; Tacoma, Flett 16; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 24; Kittitas County, Sandberg <& Leiberg 704; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc
Hull 500; Snake River BlufTs, Bishops Bar, Piper 2881; Blue Mountains, Piper 2400.
Zonal distribi'Tion: Transition.
9. Rubiis hesperius Piper, Erjthea 6: 103. 1898.
Ti-PE LOCALITY': "Snake River Cefion at Wawawai and Almota, Wliitman County,
Washington."
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 116; Almota, Piper 1552;
Wawawai, Piper 1788.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
10. Bubus laciniatus Willd. Ilort. Berol. j)l. 82. 1816. Evergrbbn blackberry.
Type ixK'ALiTTi': Not known.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4001 ; Ilwaco, Piper.
This species readily escapes from cultivation and along the coast is becoming abundantly
established in the woodlands.
BOSA. Rose.
Calyx lobe^ deciduous from the oblong fruit; flowers sinull. \. R. gymnocarpa.
Calyx lobes persistent; flowers large.
Flowers mostly solitary; fruit globose, 2 cm. broad 2. R. nuikana.
Flowers in corymbs; fruit ovoid or oblong, 1 cm. broad or less . ^. R. pisocarpa.
1. Bosa gymnocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 461. 1840.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and middle California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Earner 2515; Montesano, ^eZZer 3897 ; Silverton,
Bouck 60; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 72; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf359; Mount Adams,
Flett 1333; Trout Lake, Flett 1338; Clealum, Henderson, October, 1892; Chambers Prairie,
flerwZerson, August, 1892; without locality, Fasey in 1889; without locality. Cooper in 1854;
Columbia woods, Nuttall; Fort Colville, Watson; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899;
Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896.
Zonal distribution : Transition.
2. Bosa nutkana Presl, Epimel. Bot. 203. 1849.
Type locality: Nutka Sound. Collected by Haenke.
Range: Sitka to California and Utah. •<••..-
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3875; Seattle, Piper 81; Engelmann cfc
Sargent, July 18, 1880; Port Ludlow, Binns; Goat Mountains, Allen 292; near Skagit
Pass, Lake cfc HuU 770; Roslyn, Whited 464; Wenache Region, Brandegee 753; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1268; Klickitat River, Flett 1407; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 335
633, 631, 632, 178, 177; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fort Colville, Watson 119; Pull-
man, Piper 1539; Clallam County, Elmer 2519; Stehekin, Griffiths <& Cotton 222.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Transition.
2a. Bosa nutkana macdougali (Holzinger).
Rosa nutkana hispida Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894, not Rosa hispida Moench. 1770.
Rosa macdougali Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896.
Type locality: Canyons near Farmington Landing, south end of Lake Coeur d'Alene,
Idaho.
Range: Eastern Washington to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1540.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Rosa pisocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 382, 1872.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Satsop, Heller 4032; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896, October,
1892; Port Orchard, Piper, July, 1895; Ellensburg, Whited 677, 443; Port Ludlow, Binns
625, 628, 180, 181; Wenache, Whited 1125, 1334; ISjorth Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; near
!North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser, Henderson, May, 1892; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 469; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
123; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 623, 621, 627, 179, 182, 620, 629; Colville, Watson 120;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Ereager 47; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
320; Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 819; Pullman, Piper 1538, 1.541, July, 1893.
The typical form of this species occurs west of the Cascade Mountains. The eastern
Washington forms are very variable as to leaf and fruit and consist perhaps, of two species.
Specimens have frequently been referred to as Rosafendleri Crepin, but it is not at all clear
how this is to be distinguished.
Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht, in typical form at least, seems not to reach
Washington. Specimens so referred are probably forms of R. pisocarpa.
AGRIMONIA.
1. Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 49. 1842.
Type locality: "Auf frein Grassplatzen Pennsylvaniens und auf den Anhohen des
Berges 'Peaks of Otter.'"
Range: British Columbia and Northern Washington to New Brunswick, south to North
Carolina and Kansas.
We have seen no Washington specimens of this plant, but under the name of A. eupatoria
L. it is reported by Lyall "along the banks of the Sumass Lake and River and on the clear
grounds or prairies of the same name."
ALCHEMILLA.
1. AlcheiuUla arvensis occidentallis (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 96. 1901.
Alchemilla occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1. 432. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky plains of the Oregon toward the sea." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, (rarcZner 184; Seattle, Piper 602; west Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 1765; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SANGUISORBA.
Annual ; flowers greenish 1 . P. annua.
Perennial ; flowers white or reddish 2. P. latifolia.
1. Sangviisorba annua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429. 1840.
Sanguisorba occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 429. 1840.
336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Potaium annuum Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.
TiPE locality: "Red River in Louisiana."
Range: Vancouver Island to California and Arkansas.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, HoweU; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899;
Pullman, Piper 1.537: Clarks Springs, Kreager 106.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
2. Sanguisorba latifolia (Hook.) Covillo, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: .339. 1896.
Sanguisorba canadensis latifolia Ilwjk. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.
Sanguisorba sitchenxis C. A. Meyer; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 35. 1856.
Poterium sitchense S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 303. 1878.
Ti'PE ix)cality: " Olwervatory Inlet." Collerted by S<rouler.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck in 1889; Snoqualmic Pass, Piper; Big Creek
Prairie, Lamb 1394; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; Skamania County, SvJcsdorf
966; Blue Mountains, Ilorner 415.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
The red-flowered form of this species is referred by Howell « to S. officinalis L. The
white-flowered ordinary form was referred to S. media L. in Hooker's Flora. It is also
the basis for the entry "Poterium canadense B. & H.?" of Suksdorf's list.
POTENTILLA.
Cy^es leafy; annuals or biennials with small flowers.
Lower leaves pinnate, upper temate 1 . P. rivalis.
Leaves all temate.
Petals as long as the sepals 2. P. monspeliensis.
Petals much shorter than the .sepals.
Cymes loose, rather broad ; leaflets oblanceolate 3. P. miUegrana.
Cymes narrow, elongated ; leaflets obovate 4. P. biennis.
Cjraea not leafy; perennials.
Leaves pinnate.
Flowers white; receptacle long-bristly 16. P. newberryi.
Flowers yellow; receptacle not long-bristly.
Calyx silky ; leaflets 1 to 2 cm. long 14. P. cascadensis.
Calyx hairy; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. long 15. P. drummondii.
Leaves digitate.
Leaflets 3.
Plant densely silky-villous 12. P. villosa.
Plant glabrous or nearly so 13. P. jlabellifolia.
Leaflets 5 to 9.
Low alpine plant, 20 to 30 cm. high ; cyme few flowered. 5. P. dissecta.
Taller lowland plants, 40 to 80 cm. high; cymes many
flowered.
Leaflets pubescent on both sides.
Pubescence tomentose 6. P. permoUis.
Pubescence grayish-silky 7. P.fastigiata.
Leaflets glabrous at least above.
Under side of leaves white tomentose.
Teeth of the leaflets triangular 8. P. gracilis.
Teeth of the leaflets elongate 9. P. blaschkeana.
Under side of leaves green.
Leaflets slightly tomentose beneath 10. P. viridescens.
Leaflets glabrous on both sides 1 1 . P. nuttallii.
aFl. N.W.Am. 170. 1898.
PIPER-—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 337
1. PotentiUa rivalis Nutt : Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 437. 1840.
Type locality: "In alluvial soil along the Lewis River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Saskatchewan to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 2734.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. 1 : 499. 1753.
PotentiUa hirsuta Michx. Fl. 1 : 303. 1803.
Potentilla norvegica American autliors.
Type locality: "Monspelii."
Range: Labrador to Virginia and westward. Asia.
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-9; Green River Hot Springs, Piper
441; Yelm Prairie, Piper 483; Segualiche Lake, Pi'per 442; Silverton, 5oMct 51a; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2256.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
3. Potentilla millegrana Engelm.; Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849: 11. 1849.
Potentilla leucocarpa Rydberg in Britt. & Br. 111. Fl. 2: 212. 1897.
Type locality: America borealis.
Range: Washington to Illinois, California, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: T&coma., Flett 879, 08, 22; west Klickitat County, 5wA:s(for/" 1760;
Mission, Kreager 491
.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Potentilla biennis Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 65. 1891.
Potentilla lateriflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 261. 1896.
Type locality: California "in moist places in the mountains from Butte Co. to Kern
and San Luis Obispo."
Range: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 22, 68, 877; Clealum, Henderson, August, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 76, 1077; Ellensburg, Whited458; Elmer 381; Piper, May, 1897; Pa-sco,
Hindshaw 42; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 279; Almota, Lake <& Hull 521;
Piper 1847; without locality, Vasey 313; Meyers Falls, Kreager 501.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
6. Potentilla dissecta Pursh, Fl. 1: 355. 1814.
Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830.
Type locality: "Near Hudson's Bay."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 121, 251; Cascade Mountains to Fort
Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey; Wenache Creek, Cotton 1650,
1232.
6a. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 556. 1873.
Potentilla diversifolia glaucophylla Lehm. Rev. Pot. 73. 1856.
Type locality: Black Hills. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: California to Colorado and northward.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 1998.
6. PotentiUa permoUis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 175. 1901.
Type locality: Endicott, Whitman County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 315; Endicott
EZmer 1830; without locality, Fa.9ey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
i;9418—06 M 22
I
338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Potentilla fastigiata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 440. 1840.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rock}' Mountains."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Svksdorf248S.
8. Potentilla gracilis Dough; Hook. Bot. Mag. 67: pi. 29SJt. 18.30.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Columbia and the plains of the Multnomah
rivers." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to Oregon in the coast region.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fleit 108; Whidby Island, Gardner 97;
Coupeville, Gardner, July, 1898; Port Townsend, Edwards in 189(3; Tacoma, Flett 900;
Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Muckleshoot Prairie, Doctor Ruhn; Manor, Piper, July
14, 1899; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 325; Fort Vancouver, Tdmie; Scolder; Piper 4937;
Cape Horn, Piper 5017.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
9. Potentilla blaschkeana Turcz.; Lehm. in Otto, Gart. & Blum. 9: 506. 185a
Potentilla Jiabelliforinis ctenophora Rydlx'rg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 7. 1897.
Potentilla ctenophora Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 75. 1898.
Ti'PE locality: In the Russian American Colonies, California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1529, 3,'i34, 3535, 4134, 4135; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 21; Wcnache, Whiied 146, 1303; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Potentilla viridescens Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 69, 1898.
Type locality: "Manitoba."
Range: Washington to Colorado and Manitoba.
Speclmens exa.mined: North Yakima, Watt; Ellensburg, Piper 2736; Klickitat
Meadows, /^/ctt 1326 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co«on 423; Fresh Lake, il/cfi^ay 13; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Wilson Creek, Lake cfe IJuR 518; Toppenish, Cotton 781; Snipes
Creek, CoMon 662; Blue Mountains, Piper 2445; Wenache Mountains, CoMon 1646; Satus,
Cotton 1125.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
11. Potentilla nuttallii Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1862: 12. 1852.
Potentdla recta Nutt. Gen. 1: 310. 1818, not L. 1753.
Potentilla ngida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 20- 1834, not Wail.
Potentilla gracilis ngida S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557. 1873.
Type locality. "On the Missouri from Fort Mandan to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Pullman, Elmer 69; Piper
1877; without locality, Vasey 322.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
12. Potentilla villosa Pall.; Pursh. Fl. 1: 3.53. 1814.
Potentilla Jragiformis mllosa Kegel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. Nov. Mem. Soc. Mosc. 1 1 : 85. 1859.
Type locality: "On the northwest coast "
Range: Alaska to Mount Rainier, Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 129; Mount Rainier, Piper 1999:
Smith 783.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
13. Potentilla flabellifolia Hook.; Tor.. & Gr. Fl. 1: 442. 1838.
Potentilla gelida American authors, not Meyer.
PIPER FLORA OF THE. STATE OF WASHINGTON. 339
Type locality: "Summit of Mount Rainier, Oregon, Douglas." The specimen was
probably collected by Tolmie, as Douglas was never on Mount Rainier.
Range: Alaska to Oregon in the mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2521; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 1996; Allen; Smith 396; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August, 1892; Suksdorf; Flett 1331; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Leiberg, 111; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull 520; Bridge Creek, Elmer 648; without locality, Brandegee 744.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
14. Potentilla cascadensis Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 109. 1898.
Type locality: Chiquash Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Adams, Flett; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorj 2165;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2523.
15. Potentilla drummondii Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking River, in lat. 56°, scarce.
Drummond "—according to Hooker.o Lehmann does not note the locality of his specimens
which however, were received from Hooker.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Sutsrfor/" 539.
16. Potentilla newberryi arenicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 112. 1898.
Type locality: Wallula, Wash. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wallula, Howell.
HORKELIA.
Filaments dilated; flowers white.
Leaflets deeply dentate 1. H.fnsca.
Leaflets lobed nearly to the midrib lb. H.fusca ienelln.
Filaments filiform; flowers yellow.
Cymes rather loose; receptacle cup shallow 2. H. utahennis.
Cymes subcapitate; receptacle cup deep 3. //. gordoni alpicola-
1. HorkeUa fusca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pi. 1997. 1837.
Potentilla douglasii Greene, Pittonia 1 : 103. 1887.
Type locality: "In California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in
1889, August 7, 1882.
lb. Horkelia fusca tenella S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 181. 1876.
HorkeUa tenella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 55. 1898.
Type locality: Sierra County, California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1334.
2. Horkelia utahensis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 150. 1898.
Ivesia utahensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.
Type locality: "Summit of Bald Mountain in the Wasatch range, above Alta, at over
12000 feet altitude," Utah.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee in 1883; Mount Stuart, Elmer;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
oFl. Bor. Am. 1: 190. 1838.
340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Horkelia gordoni alpicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 152. 1898.
Ive^a alpicda Rydbei^: Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 182. 1898.
Ti'PE locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: Washington to Montana and Cahfornia.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Fktt 1020; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July, 1896; Homer 424.
Zonal distribution : Arctic.
SIBBALDIA.
1. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sp. PI. 1 : 284. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Soothiae."
Range: Alaska and Greenland, southward to California, (\>iorado, and the White Moun-
tains. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fij>er, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper
2024; AUen 64: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 748; east Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,Z/t/ali
in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
7jonAt. distribution: Arctic.
FRAGARIA. Strawberry.
Leaves thick, silky and tomentulose l)eneath.
Leaflets cuneate ; flowers 1 .5 to 2 cm. broad \. F. cuneifolia.
Leaflets broadly oliovate; flowers 2 to 3.5 cm. lirontl.
Leaves strongly reticulate lH>neath 2. F. chiloends.
Leaves not strongly reticulate l)eneath 3. /*^. crinHa.
Leaves not at all tomentulose.
Leaflets thin subsessile, pale green; akenes superficial.
Flowers white 4. F. hradeata.
Flowers pink 5. F. helleii.
Leaflets somewhat glaucous, thicker, petiolulate; akenes set in pits;
flowers white &. F. platypetala.
1. Fragaria cuneifolia Xutt.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Ahl 1: 174.
Typ£ locality: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 486; Palace Camp, Pierce County, Mrs.
Bailey WiUis in 1883.
This is probably not distinct from F. chUoensis.
2. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. Hist. Nat. Frais. 165. 1766
Fragaria vesca clnloensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Fragaria chiloensis scovleri S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 282. 1878.
Type locality: "In arvis circa civitatem Conception," Chile.
Range: British Columbia to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2528; Humptulips, Lamb 1098a; Ilwaco,
Piper 4993.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Fragaria crinita Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 171. 1898.
Type locality: Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, April 17, 1898; Easton, Whited 147;
Roslyn, Whited 418; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 337.
4. Fragaria bracteata Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 194. 1896.
Type locality: Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 341
Specimens examined: Wliidby Island, G^arcZner 102; Lopez Island, Lj/oZZ in 1858; Silver-
ton, Bouck 54; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June
9, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf \V7
.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Fragaria helleri Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896.
Typ3 LOCALITY": Idaho.
Range: Idaho and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Woodlawn, Henderson in 1892.
These specimens may really be forms of the preceding.
6. Fragaria platypetala Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 177. 1898.
Type locality: Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Along Twisp River, Whited 180; Klickitat River, Flett 1408;
Rock Creek, Sandherg dc Leiberg 86; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane Valley
Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 262.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This is the western representative of F. rnrginiana Duch., to which it has been referred,
*ARGENTINA.
1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 159. 1898.
Potentilla anserina L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Potentilla anserina grandis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 444. 1840.
Potentilla pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 179. 1898.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pascuis; in ai^illosis argentea."
Range: Circumboreal, extending southward in North America to New Jersey, Arizona,
and California.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1080; Clallam County, Elmer 2525; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 212; Ilwaco, Piper 4920.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
la. Argentina anserina concolor Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 160. 1898.
Potentilla anserina concolor Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 582. 1825.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Alaska to New Mexico. Maine. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Along Methow River, Whited 9, 226; Alma, Elmer 545; Cascade
Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901; Marshall Junction,
Piper 2255; without locality, Vasey 319; Mission, Kreager 485.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
COMARUM.
1 . Comarum palustre L. Sp. PI. 1 : 502. 1753.
Potentilla palustns Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1 : 359. 1772.
Type locality: European.
Range: Northern portion of North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1892; White Salmon
Suksdorf; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Big Meadows, Stevens County,
Kreager 427.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
DASIPHORA.
1. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 188. 1898.
Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Eboraco, Anglia, Oelandia australi, Sibiria."
342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Jerspy, and New Mexico.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens exa.mined: Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in I860; without locality,
Fosey 316; Mission, Kreager 490; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1651J.
Zonal distribi'tion : Canadian?
la. Daaiphora fruticosa tenuifolia (Willd.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 190. 1898.
FoteniiUa tenuifolia Willd.; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 28.5. 1813.
PoterUiUa fruticosa tenuifolia Lehm. Monog. Pot. 20 1820.
Type ix)calitv: "Aus Sibirien."
Range: Same as of the preceding.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 1997;
"NVenache Mountains, Elmer 462; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <fc Hull 519.
Zonal distriblh'ion : Hudsonian.
DRYMOCALLIS.
Style filiform, more than twice as long as the akenes 1 . D. rhotnhotdeiu
Style niiform, less than twice as long as the akenes.
Flowers cream-color.
Stems 20 to 50 cm. high : alpine plant ^ 2. D. pfte.mhnijyestris.
Stems 30 to 100 cm. high ; lowland plant 3. D. conxaUana.
Flowers yellow.
Sepals broadly ovate 7. D. wrangeliana.
Sepals lanceolate to ovate.
Herbage nearly glabrous 6. D. glabrala.
Herbage very glandular.
Petals much larger than the sepals 4. D. valida.
Petals scarcely larger than the sepals 5. D. glandulosa.
1. Drymocallia rhomboidea Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 203. 1898.
PotentUla rhomboidea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 248. 1896.
Type locality: Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to .Montana, Nevada, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: .Mount Adams, Suisdor/ 119; F/cW 1332.
2. DrymocalliB pseudorupestria Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 194. 1898.
Poteniilla pseudorupestris Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 250. 1897.
PotentUla glandulosa nevadensis S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 178. 1876, not
P. nevadensis Boiss.
Type locality : Little Belt Mountains, Montana.
Range: Alberta to Washington and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sutsdor/" in 1885.
This supposed species seems to me quite identical with the Old World PotentUla rupestris L,
3. Drymocallia convallaria Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 193. 1898.
PotentUla convallaria Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 249. 1897.
Type locality: Bozeman, Montana.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and A.ssiniboia.
Speclmens examined: Conconully, Whiled 1312; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 470;
Loomis, Elmer 565; Pullman, Piper 1528; Elmer 820.
Zonal distribution: Arid transition.
This species is very closely allied to the eastern D. arguta, to which it has often been
referred.
4. Drymocallia valida (Greene).
PotentUla valida Greene, Pittonia 3 : 20. 1896.
PIPER FLORA- OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 343
PotentUla glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 446. 1840, as synonym.
Drymocallis glutinosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 196. 1898.
PotentUla jissa major Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 446. 1840. not P. vema major Wahl.
Type locality: "In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island."
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, Utah, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 110; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2211;
Wenache, Whited 110; Clealum, Whited 415; Wenache Mountains, Whited 732; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Loomis, Elmer 564; without
locality, Vasey 317; Pullman, Piper 1528.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
6. Drjrmocallis glandulosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 198. 1898.
PotentUla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1583. 1833.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to New Mexico and California.
Specimens examined: Glenwood,FZe« 1335; Steilacoom, Piper 78; Wenache Mountains
1095; Blue Mountains, Piper 2444, 2446; Olympic Mountains, Flett 82.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Canadian.
Some of the above specimens have been referred to D. rejlexa (Greene) Rydberg.
6a. Drymocallis glandulosa incisa (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 199. 1898.
PotentUla glandulosa incisa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pi. 1973. 1837.
Type locality: California.
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, iSwArsdor/ 2307.
6. Drymocallis glabrata Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
Type locality: Ellensburg, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 412.
7. Drymocallis wrangelliana (Fisch. & Lall.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
PotentUla wrangelliana Fisch. & Lall. Animad. Bot. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: 54. 1840.
Type locality: In the Russian colony of New California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2526; Olympic Mountains, Piper 20Q4,
2000; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1761; Manor, Piper; Bingen, Suksdojf 2209;
Vancouver, Piper 4927.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Hudsonian.
DRYAS.
1. Dryas octopetala L. Sp. PI. 1 : 501. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Au.striacis, Sabandicis,
Hibernicis, Sibiricis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Labrador and in the mountains, to Wash-
ington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49~^, Lyall in 1860; near Loomis,
Elmer in 1897; Mount Rainier, Flett 2166.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
GETJM.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes acute 1. G. strictum.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes obtuse.
Flowers large ; style glabrous 2. G. macrophyllum.
Flowers small; style puberulent 3. 6^. oregonense.
344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Gemn strictum Soland.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789.
Type locality: "North America."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New
Jersey.
Specimens examined: Along Tukanon River, Lake cfe Hull 516; nine miles southwest
Pullman, Piper, July 9, 1901.
2. Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 557. 1809.
Type locality: "Caratschatca."
Range: Ala.ska to California and Colorado, Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2524; Montcsano, Keller 3947; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 53; Falcon Valley, Suksdarf288;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Beaver Creek, Whited 192; Rock Lake, Lake cfc
Hull 515.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species is very close to if not identical with Geum japonicum Thunb.
«
3. Qeuzn oregonenae Scheutz, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsala 7: 26. 1869.
Type LOCALiTi': "Habit, in regione Oregonensi."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 528(?); Spokane County, Suksdorf 289;
Mrs. Susan Tucker; Harrington, Sandherg ct* Leiberg 219; Marshall Junction, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 39; Loon Lake, Beaitie &
Chapman 2083.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
SIEVERSIA.
Flowers pale purplish ; styles plumose \. S. ciliata.
Flowers yellow; styles glabrous 2. S. rossii.
1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh).
Geum ciliatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 352. 1814.
Geum trijlorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee." Collected by Lewis; the exact spot on the
Quamash Flats, now Weippe, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New York.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2529; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant
in 1889; Whidby Island, Gardner 105; Klickitat River, Flett 1324; Wenache, Whited 126,
1163; Ellensburg, Whiied 731; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901; Hangman Creek, Sandherg
cfc Leiberg 64; Pullman, Hull 517; Piper 1532; Clarks Springs, Kreager 22; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 554.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Dr. E. L. Greene has proposed a new genus for this species and its immediate allies,
Erythrocoma. A subspecies of S. ciliata, characterized by having the bractlets cut into
filiform segment is designated Erythrocoma ciliata ornata Greene.
6
2. Sieversia rossii R. Br. in Parry's 1st Voyage App. 276. 1824.
Geum rossii Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 5.53. 1825.
Type locality: Melville Island.
Range: Arctic regions, south to Washington and Colorado,
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 245, 1182.
Dr. Greene has recently proposed a new genus Acomastylis with this species as its type.
Elmer's number 1182 is considered a new species, A. depressa Greene.
a Fl. Jap. 220. 1784. & Leaflets 1: 178. 1906.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 345
CERCOCARPUS.
1. Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt; Totr. &Gr. Fl. 1: 427. 1840. Mountain mahogany. '
Type locality: Bear River, Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Range : Washington and Wyoming, southward to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Near Salmon River, Homer 298; Blue Mountains, Lake cfc HuU^
July, 1892; Piper 2449.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
KTTNZIA.
1. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 475. 1825. Antelope brush.
Purshia tridentata DC. Trans. Linn..Soc. 12: 158. 1817.
Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, Fl.«l: 333. 1814.
Type locality: "In the prairies of the Rocky Mountains and on the Columbia River."
Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Montana.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 77, 1064; Ellensburg, Elmer 384; Piper, May,
1897; North Yakima, Flett 1037; Pasco, Hindshav: 34; Cle&lum, Henderson, June, 1892;
Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cf; Leiherg 293;
Moses Coulee, Lake cfc Hull 497 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889; W^enas, Orlffiths cfc Cotton 97.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
MALACEAE. Apple Family.
Flowers racemose; carpels fleshy in fruit Amelanchier (p. 345)
Flowers corymbose.
Carpels stony in fruit Crataegus (p. 346).
Carpels papery in fruit Pyrus (p. 347)
.
AMELANCHIER. Serviceberry.
Twigs pale or ashy.
Leaves cuneate at base A. A. cuneata.
Leaves rounded at base 2. ,4. utahensis.
Twigs not ashy.
Leaves tomentose beneath when young, serrate only toward the apex. 1. ^4. Jiorida.
Leaves glabrous when young.
Petals 2 cm. long; leaves bright green 3.-4. msickii.
Petals 1 to 1.5 cm. long; leaves pallid 5. A. basalticola.
1. Amelanchier florida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. L589. 1833.
Amelanchier ovaJis semiintegrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 202. 1834.
Type locality: "Northwest America. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3958; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Fidalgo
Island, Flett 1940; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper, July 4,
1897; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Klickitat
River, Flett 1325; Ellensbui^, Whited 322; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan,
Lake cfc Hull, August 25, 1892; Rock Creek, Piper 2831; Almota, Hull 499; Union Flat,
Piper, April 29, 1897; Henderson, July 18, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1534; Clallam County,
Elmer 2512; Nisqually Valley, Allen 214; Mount Adams, Flett 1325.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is by far the most abundant species in Washington and it has commonly been referred
to A. alnifolia Nutt. In Cooper's Report it was named A. canadensis var.
346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.'
2. Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Berlin Ostem. 32:^. 2. 1890.
Amelanchier alnifolia utahen<ns Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 6: 679. 1895.
Type LocALm-: Leeds, Utah.
Range: Washington to Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
569, 571, 365; Rock Creek, Sandherg <t Leiberg 94.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Amelanchier cusickii Femald, Erythea 7: 121. 1899.
TiPE locality : " On stony hillsides, Union County, Oregon. "' Collected by Cusick.
Range: Wasliington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, irAi<«i 1028 in part, 1344; FortColville, iyaZZin 1861;
Rock Lake, Piper 2830; Spokane, Piper 2694; Union Flat, Piper 2732; Elmer 135; Wawa-
wai. Piper 3812; Meyers Falls, Beattie ct Chapman 2175.
Zonal distbibution: Arid Transition.
4. Amelanchier cimeata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 392. 1900.
TiPE locality: Ellensburg, Wa-shington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2713.
5. Amelanchier basalticola Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 100. 1901.
Type locality: Bluffs of Snake River, Whitman County, Washington, opposite Clarks-
ton.
Range: Bluffs of Snake River in Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wawawai Bluffs, Pi />cr 3823; opposite Clarkston, Hunger 39.
Zonal distribition : Arid Transition.
A.MELANCI1IER sp. Specimens collected by Heller (no. 3958) at Montesano and by Lamb
(no. 1190) at Ilumptulips represent a species close to A. ftorida, but seemingly distinct.
More and better material is needed.
CRATAEGUS. Thobnapple.
Fruit red; spines 4 to 6 cm. long.
Calyx and fruit glabrous 1. C. Columbiana.
Calyx and fniit tomentose 2. C. piperi.
Fruit black; spines 2 to 3 cm. long 3. C. breinspina.
1. Crataegus columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 163. 1898.
TiPE LOCALITY': "Common along the Columbia River and its tributaries east of the Cas-
cade Mountains.
"
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake cfe HuU 505; Spokane, Piper 2387; SuTcsdorf
919; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 91; 6 miles south of Pullman, Piper 3W9; Colville,
Kreager 523.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This .species has been mistaken for the eastern C. macracantha Lodd. It also fonns
the basis for the entry "C. tomentosa L. var. " in Suksdorf's list.
2. Crataegus piperi Britton, Torreya 1: 55.' 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington, Idaho, and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, September 2, 1899; 1209, 1293; Brandegee in
1883; Pullman, Pipet. 1535; Elmer in 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
This may be only a subspecies of the former, with which it sometimes occurs, being indis-
tinguishable excepk by the pubescence.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 347
3. Crataegus brevispina (Dougl.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 98. 1900.
Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pi. 1810. 1835.
Crataegus punctata brevispina Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 201. 1833.
Type locality: "Common on banks of streams on the north-west coast of America."
Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 544; Wenache,
TTAiteJ 1292, 1070, 89; Ellensburg, F/iite(Z348; Glendale, Late cfci7uZZ 504; without locahty
Fasey in 1889; Spokane, ^rea^er 534 ; Puyallup, Pi/)er,May 29, 19a2; Pullman, Piper 3827,
3826.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The specimens from western Washington are somewhat different from those of eastern
Washington and possibly distinct.
Near Pullman and Spokane occurs a form whose fruit is first chestnut-colored, later turn-
ing black. This blooms a little later than the ordinary form, but has no definite characters
to distinguish it.
PYRUS.
Leaves simple ; fruit oblong 1 . P. diversifolia.
Leaves pinnate; fruit globose.
Fruit coral-red; leaflets shining, serrate from near the base 2. P. sitchensis.
Fruit purple, glaucous; leaflets dull, serrate near the apex 3. P. occidentalis.
1. Pyrus diversifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 2: 133. 1832. Crabappij:.
Pyrus rivularis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 203. 1834.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.'J10; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Steilacoom, G. C. Woolson; Nisqually Valley,
AUen 213; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition and Canadian.
2. Pyrus sitchensis (Roem.) Piper, Mazama 2: 107. 1901. Mountain ash
Sorbus sitchensis Roem. Syn. Mon. 3: 139. 1847.
Type locality: Sitka.*
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 1989; Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896;
Easton, Whited 424; Mount Rainier, Piper 1990; Bear Prairie, Allen 291; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat River, Flett 1341; Nason Creek, Samlberg <&
Leiberg 683; near Lake Chelan, Lalce & Hull; Blue Mountains, Piper 2420; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 265; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths <£ Cotton 204.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
Referred to Pyrus americana DC. in Cooper's Report. It is also the Sorbus sambuci-
folius or Pyrus sambucifolius of various reports so far as Washington specimens are con-
cerned, but it is quite different from the real Pyrus sambucifolius Cham. & Schlecht.
3. Pyrus occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 263. 1888. Mountain ash.
Sorbus occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 54. 1891.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.
Range : British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2509; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1365, 1365a; Mount Rainier, Piper 1988, Flett 277; Goat
Mountains, Allen 125; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; mountains, Skamania
County, SuJcsdorf, August 13, 1886; near Skagit Pass, Late <& Hull, August, 1892; Stam-
pede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 750; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 663; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
AMYGDALACEAE. AlmoxND Family.
Flowers perfect ; carpol solitan- Prunus.
Flowers dioecious; carpels five Osmaronia.
PRUNUS.
Flowers racemose : fruit dark purple 1. P. demissa.
Flowers corvinlwsc ; fruit bright red 2. P. eniarginaia.
1. Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Dietrich, Syn. PI. 3: 43. 1843. Chokechkrry.
Cerasm demissa \utt.; Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 1: 411. 1840.
Type ixx^auty : " Plains of the Oregon toward the sea and mouth of the Wahlamet."
Range: Or^on, Washington, and Idaho. Perhaps also farther eastward.
Speclmens e.\aminei>: Whidby Island, Gardner 100; Wenache, Whited 117, 1071;
Yelm Prairie. Piper 1120; North Yakima, .]frs. Steiwreg in 1894; Sunnyside, Cotton 371;
Rock Lakiv Sandherg d' I^eiberg 104; upper Columbia, L[iaU: Lake Chelan, Lake cf* Hidl
in August, 1892; without hx-ality, Vaseg in 1889; Spokane Valley, Watson 97; Pullman,
Pij^r 1.530, August, 1S9G; Wawawai, iMke, Maj', 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Two forms or perhaps distinct species occur in eastern Washington, one with densely
flowered stiJT racemes blooming about a week later than the other, which has looser, laxer
racemes. The former is often arlK)rescent, and tends to have broader leaves.
2. Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 9. 1843. Wild cnERRT.
Ceratnis emarginata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1830.
Type ixk-ality: "On the upper part of the Columbia River, especially about the Kettle
Falls." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and ('alifomia.
Speclmens e.xamined: Klickitat River, Flett 1327; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1005;
Peshastin, Sandherg <& Leiherg .590; White Bluff, Lake cfc Hull, August, 1892; FUensborg,
Pi}>er, May, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889- Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July,
1892; Piper, August, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 245.
2k>NAL distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Prunus emarginata villosaSudw. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 240. 1897.
Cerasus mollis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. lior. Am. 1: 169. 18.30, not Torr. 1824.
Prunus mollis Walp. Repert. 2: 9. 1843.
Prunus emarginata mollis Brewer in Brewer and Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 107. 1876.
Type locality": "Northwest coa-st of America, near the mouth of (he Columbia, and on
subalpine hills, near the sources of that river." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens e.xamined: Clallam County, £7mer 2525; Montesano, //eZ/er 4036; Port Lud-
low, Binns; Tacoma, Flett 56; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 120; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull 513.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OSMARONIA.
1. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. &Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 191. 1891. Indian plum.
Nuttallia cerasiformis Torr. & Gr. ; Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 337. pi. 82, 1841.
Type locality: "On the Columbia." Collected by Nuttall, by Douglas, and by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesaflo, Heller 3874; Admiralty Head, Piper, March, 1898;
Seattle, Piper 61; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 59; west Klickitat County, Svksdorf 13;
Maxfield, Henderson, April, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2511.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 349
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Allen's 59 is considered a distinct subspecies by Professor Greene, Osmaronia cerasifomiis
nigra,a based principally upon the drupes which seem to lack the usual glaucous coating.
FABACEAE. Bean Family.
Stamens 5, monadelphous ; leaves pinnate Petalostemum (p. 350).
Stamens 10.
Filaments distinct; leaves trifoliolate Thermopsis (p. 349).
Filaments united, either monadelphous or diadelphous, 9 and I
.
Anthers of two forms, round and oblong.
Leaves digitate with 5 to 11 leaflets; ours herbs.
. . Lupinus (p. 350).
Leaves with solitary leaflets; spiny shrub Ulex (p. 358).
Anthers all alike.
Leaves digitate, or if pinnate then trifoliolate.
Pods curved or coiled; flowers in spikes Medicago (p. 363).
Pods straight.
Flowers in long racemes Melilotus (p. 358).
Flowers in heads or head-like umbels Trifolium (p. 358).
Leaves pinnate; leaflets mostly more than 3; no ten-
drils.
Herbage dotted with conspicuous glands.
Leaflets 3; pods not .spiny Psoralea (p. 363).
Leaflets many; pods spiny Glycyrruiza (p. 364).
Herbage not dotted with conspicuous glands.
Leaves unequally pinnate, not tendril bear-
ing.
Flowers umbellate or solitary; pods
linear Hosackia (p. 364).
Flowers spicate or racemose, rarely
solitary', then pods not linear.
Pod a loment Hedysarum (p. 366).
Pod not a loment.
Keel of the corolla acute or
subulate at apex Aragallus (p. 367).
Keel of the corolla obtuse at
apex Pnaca (p. 367)
.
Leaves abruptly pinnate, usually tendril-
bearing.
Style filiform, hairy only near the tip. . Vicia (p. 374).
Style flattened, hairy on the inner side. Latiiyrus (p. 375).
THERMOPSIS.
1. Thermopsis montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 388. 1840.
Type locality: "High valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in bushy places by streams, near
the line of Upper California." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and Ari/.ona.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla region, Brajidegee 695.
This or the following was referred to T . fabacea (Pall.) DC-, by Hooker.b
la. Thermopsis montana ovata Robinson, subsp. nov.
Leaflets broader than in T. montana, ovate.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
o Greene, Pittonia 5: 309. 1905. b Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 128. 1838.
350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: ChehalisCouniy, ia/nfc 1197: Walla Walla, Z,fr/-«7ifti/, Juno, 1898;
Blue Mountains, Pt/XT, July, 189G: Palouse City, .l/oor#, June, 1S93; Henderson, July, 1892.
Zonal DisTRiBirriON: Arid Transition.
The type is Piper 1489, collected on Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Idaho.
PETALOSTEMTJM.
1. Petalostemiim omatiun Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 138. 1830.
Type ixx-alitv : "' Fretjuent in the arid prairie.'* near the Blue Mountains of Lewis [Snake]
River, North-West America." Collected by Douglas.
. RAxriE: Eastern Wa.shington, eastern Oregon, and south Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Pi/ter 2973; Leckenhy in June, '898; Walla Walla, Lyall
in 1860; near Columbia and Snake rivers, Brandegee 714.
Zonal distribltion : Upper Sonoran.
LUPINTTS. LiPiNE.
Sullen. I. PL.\TYCARPOS S. Wats.—Ovary- 2-ovuled, forming a
short and relatively broad 2-(l-).seeded pod; unnuals or biennials
with deep often lignc>soent taproot and persi.sting cotyledons.
Peduncles 1 to 2 cm. long; flowers small; corolla about 1 cm. long 1. L. pitsiUus.
Peduncles 5 to 15 cm. long; flowers larger; corolla 1.5 cm. long 2. L. microcarpus.
Subgen. II. Ll'PINl'S proper.—Ovary 3 to many-ovuled, forming an
oblong to linear several-seeded pod ; cotyledons not persisting."
§ 1. MiCRANTiii.—Annuals, slender, branching from the base; leaflets
glabrous on tiie upper surface.
Flowers sub.sessile: wings oblong, (5 mm. in length; corolla usuall}'
pale purple : 3. L. micranthua.
Pedicels 4 mm. long; corolla deep blue; wings 8 mm. long 4. L. bicolor.
§ 2. Sericei.—Perennials; calyx subsymmetrical at the base; corolla
blue, varj'ing to white or roseate; keel usually ciliate: leaflets
appres.sed-pubescent and silky (rarely tomcntose) on both sur-
faces, canesccnt.
Stems scapose or subscapose, 7 to 25 (rarely 40) cm. high; leaves
chiefly ba-sal; flowers se&sile or on very short pedicels.
Very dwarf (7 to 15, rarely 20, cm. high), cespitose; flowers subses-
sile, small: keel 6 to 8 mm. long.
Leaflets 5 to 8, very small, 6 to 10 mm. long 5. L. lyallii.
Leaflets 7 to 12, at least 12 to 20 mm. long.
Den-sely and somewhat shaggy sericeous-pubescent; vexillum
obovatc-oblong (5. L. aridus.
Covered with a fine and closely appressed sericeous pubescence;
vexillum suborbicular 7. L. minimus.
oThe following key will aid in locating a species in its proper section:
Annuals, branching from the base ; flowers small 1 . Micrantiii.
Perennials.
Calyx saccate or spurred at the base 6. Calcarati.
Calyx symmetrical or nearly so at ba.sc.
Flowers yellow
,
5. Sulpiiurei.
Flowers purple or violet.
Leaves green, the pubescence thin, never silky or villous 4. Rivulares.
Leaves sericeous or villous.
Pubescence sericeous 5. Sericei.
Pubescence villous 6. Saxosi.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 351
Commonly 20 to 30 (rarely 40) cm. high; flowers somewhat
larger; keel 9 to 11 mm. long.
Pods 15 mm. long; flowers subsessile 8. L. lejridus.
Pods 20 to 25 mm. long; pedicels about 3 mm. lon^;.
Keel ciliate 9. L. piperi.
Keel not ciliate 9a. L. piperi imberbis.
Stems leafy.
Plants dwarf, scarcely 20 cm. high, somewhat cespitose; pedicels
slender, in anthesis 4 to 8 mm. long 10. Z. subsericeus.
Plants not dwarf.
Decumbent or procumbent; maritime species 18. L. littoralis.
Erect, tall, 4 to 12 cm. high, not maritime.
Keel narrow, bent almost at right angles, early exposed
for much of its length; pubescence of stem and leaves
inclining to \'elvety rather than silky 11 . Z,. albicauUs.
Keel broader, only moderately falcate, the tip only ex-
serted.
Flowers subsessile in dense spiciform racemes.
Stout; silky pubescence somewhat coarse, sha^y
and inclining to spread.
Bracts sea' ccly exceeding the buds 12. L. leueophyllus.
Bracts linear-filiform, plumose, much longer than
the buds 12a. L. leueophyllus plu-
mosus.
Slender; silky pubescence very line and closely ap-
pressed.
Leaflets oblanceolate, acute or acuminate 13. L. canescens.
Leaflets elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded and mucro-
nate at the apex 13a. L. canescens am-
hlyophyllus.
Pedicels well developed; racemes relatives loose.
Standard glabrous 14. Z. suksdorfi.
Standard more or less pubescent dorsally.
Pubescence of the stem loose and spreading 15. L. sericeus.
Pubescence of the stem appressed.
Stem stout, usually solitary, branching freely;
caudex not much thickened.
Bracts scarcely or not at all surpassing the
larger buds 16. L. ornatus.
Bracts much exceeding the larger buds 16a. L. ornatus bractea-
tus.
Stems several, slender, subsimple from a thick-
ish caudex 17. L. alnicola.
§ 3. Saxosi.—Perennials; leaflets green on both surfaces, glab-
rous or villous above, villous beneath; hairs long and loose,
not so numerous or closely appressed as to give a silky luster;
calyx subsymmetrical at the base ; corolla blue or purple vary-
ing to white.
Dwarf, 20 to 30 cm. high; keel distinctly ciliate.
Flowers small, few, in loose racemes; petals less than 1 cm. long. 19. L. volcanicus.
Flowers larger, numerous, in a rather dense raceme; petals 1.5
cm. long 20. L. saxosus.
352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Taller, 30 to 90 cm. high: keol naked or only obsolctely ciliate.
Leaflets obtuse or rounded at the apex, about 4 cm. long, loosely hairy
on both .surfaces 21 . L. subalpinus.
Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so
on the upper surface 22. L. uijethii.
§ 4. RivrL.\REs.—Leaflets green and glabrous (or obscurely puberu-
lent) al)ove, glal)rous -or minutely appressed-pulH>scent heneatii;
corolla blue or purple, varying to rostrate or white: calyx sul)-
symmetrical at the ba.se.
Leaflets of the lower leaves 10 to 16, verj- lai^e, 6 to 14 cm. long, 1.7 to
3.6 cm. wide 23. i. polyphyllus.
Leaflets 6 to 9 in number, 4 to 9 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. broad.
Bracts long, spread ing-villous, usually persisting in anthesis; stems
simple 24. L. hvrkei.
Bracts sul)ulate, minutely appressed-pul)osc«nt and eancssc«nt, usually
caducous; .stems branched 25. L. rivularis.
§ 5. SruMiiREi.—Perennials, leafy-stemmed: corolla yellow; calyx
sul)symmetrical at the base.
Flowers large : petals about 16 mm. long, deep yellow 26. L. sabinii.
Flowers smaller; petals about 1 cm. long, light yellow 27. L. sulphureus.
§ 6. Calcarati.—Perennials, leafy-stenuned, erect, not maritime; calyx
strongly saccate or shortk spurred at the base.
Corolla blue 28. L. Inxiflonis.
Corolla pale yellow 28a. L. laxiflorus
theiochrous.
1. Lupinua pusiUus Pursh, Fl. 2: 468. 1814.
Type ux-ALi-n': "On the banks of the Missouri." Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to Dakota, .southward to Arizona, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper 2982, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw 39; Mabton, Cotton
1115.
Zonal DisxRiBmoN: Upper Sonoran.
2. Lupinus microcarpus Sims, Bot. Mag. 60: pi. 2J^13. 1823.
Type uxjauty': Ciiile.
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Couix'ville,(jar6'ncr 88; Ellensburg, Pip«r, July 9, 1897; Whited
536; Elmer 37\: North Yakima, ^en/ferson, October 5. 1892: Watt, August, 1895; Mrs.
Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Vasey 259; Prosscr, Cotton 912; Wenas, Griffiths d:
Cotton 85.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Lupinus micranthus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl..]2.5L 1829.
Type locality: " Upon tlie gravelly banks of the southern tiibutaiies of the Columbia
and on barren ground in the interior of California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1898; Tacoma, FZe<< 194, May 20,
1895; LecJcenhy, May, 1898; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 185;
Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition, 118.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Lupinus bicolor Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1109. 1827.
Type locality'. "In the interior of the country about the Columbia River, from Fort
Vancouver to the branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, always on dry gravelly soil under
the shade of trees in the open plains." Collected by Douglas.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 353
We suspect strongly that there is some error about the type locality. The species
seems to be common in California and extends into Oregon, but no specimens from Wash-
ington have been seen.
5. Lupinus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868.
Type locality: "Summit of the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Cascade Mountains, British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2092; Allen 100; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 9, 1892; Flett 1257; Cotton 1516; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Lupinus aridus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pZ. 12J^. 1829.
Type locality: "Same range of country as Lupinus leucophyllus and equally common."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July
14, 1896; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Glenwood, Flett 1258; Pasco, Henderson,
June, 1892; North Yakima, Henderson, May 2, 1892; Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Lupinus minimus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 163. 1830.
Type locality: "Mountain valleys in Northwest America near Kettle Falls; and very
abundant towards the Rocky Mountains along the course of the Columbia." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to Oregon.
This species has not recently been collected in the State.
8. Lupinus lepidus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. IIJ^O. 1828.
Type locality : "From Fort Vancouver to the Great Falls of the Columbia." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: Vancouver Island to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2541; Thurston County, Heller 4048;
Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 18S6; Tacoma, Flett 898, 195; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 2,
1892; Fourth Plain, Piper 3072; North Yakima Henderson, May 29, 1892; Vancouver, Piper
4923.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
0. Lupinus piperi Robinson, sp. nov. (§ Sericei).
Silky and canescent, leafy at the base; root single, perpendicular; stems 1 ito 6, scapose,
rather stout, simple, erect, curved-ascending, or decumbent, covered with a loosely appressed
pubescence; leaflets 5 to 8, oblanceolate, acute, or acutish, about 3 cm. long; petioles 5
to 10 cm. long; peduncles 7 to 13 cm. in length, equaling the showy rather loose racemes;
pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, tomento.se with widely spreading hairs; corolla deep blue; the
standard broad, entirely glabrous, paler toward the center; keel ciliated; pods 20 to 24 mm.
long, 4 or 5-.seeded. This species is near L. hellerae Heller, but is paler in color and has
shorter leaflets, spreading pubescence on the pedicels, glabrous standard, etc. Found in
gravelly soil.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Henderson, June 2, 1892, 2338 in part; Sandberg cfc
Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2730 (type), 2949, 2287; Spangle, Piper 2440, 3543.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
9a. Lupinus piperi imberbis Robinson, subsp. nov.
Keel not ciliated; leaflets larger, 3.6 cm. long; pedicels 6 mm. in length; pubescence
of the stems and petioles widely spreading.
Specimens examined: Wenache, K. Whited, no. 121, June, 1896, type.
29418—00 M 23
354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Lupinus subsericeus Robinson, sp. nov. (§ Sericei).
Root stout, bearing a well-developed leafy crown; stems 15 to 25 cm. high, decumbent or
curved-ascending, 2 or 3-leaved; petioles of the radical leaves slender, 7 to 10 cm. long;
leaflets oblanceolat*, obtusish, finely sericeous, but green on both surfaces, 16 to 24 mm.
long, 3 to 6 mm. broad; peduncles short, 2 to 5 cm. in length; bracts lanceolate, rather
promptly deciduous; racemes at length 10 to 13 cm. long, becoming rather loose; bractlets
unusually large, oblong, 4 mm. in length; flowers 12 to 14 mm. long, on slender pedicels
4 to 6 mm. in length; upper calyx lobe cleft four-fifths of the way to the base, the lower
distinctly and sharply 3-toothed : corolla indigo-blue with a spot of lighter color on the
glabrous obovat« standard; keel ciliated; ovules about 5; pod densely sericeous.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 602, May 5, 1898; Badger Mountain, Whited
1220.
11. Lupinus albicaulis Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165. 1830.
TvPE lxxality: "About Fort Vancouver on the Columbia."
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 427; near Olympia, Heller 4039; McAl-
listers Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Union City, Piper,
July 20, 1890.
Specimens collecetd by Suksdorf in Falcon Valley, nos. 345, 346, are plosely allied to
L. albicaidiit, but probably represent a new species.
Zonal distkibution: Humid Transition.
12. Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1124. 1827.
Type ix>cality: "From the Gi-eat Falls of the Columbia in North America to the
sources of the Missouri among the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Wa.shington to Nevada and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 551; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2336;
Rock Lake, Lake tfc Hull 432; Spokane, Piper 1901, 2270; Dewart in 1900; Henderson
233,5; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; July 28, 1894, and 1902; Hull 755; Waitsburg, Homer
86; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Conconully Creek, Griffiths <& Cotton 286;
Colville Reservation, Griffiths d' Cotton 398.
Zonal distuibution: Arid Transition.
12a. Lupinus leucophyllus plunaosus (Dougl.) Robinson.
Lupinus i>lumosus Dougl. Bot. Keg. 15: pi. 1217; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165.
Bracts very long and narrow, plumose-ciliate, much exceeding the buds. Sometimes well
marked, but in other cases vague and confluent with the typical form.
Type locality: "Common in northern California in 45° north, growing in gravelly
soil; it is also found at the sources of the Wallawallah River, near the Blue Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Specimens referable to this are included in the prec.-ding.
13. Lupinus canescens Howell, Erythea 1 : 110. 1893.
Type ixkality: "At the western base of Buck's Mountain, a spur of the Blue Mountains
of Oregon."
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, J. Howell, June, 1879.
13a. Lupinus canescens amblyophyllus Robinson, subsp. nov.
Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, broader than in the typical form, rounded and mucronulate
at the apex; seeds red.
Specimens examined: Near Egbert Springs, Douglas County, Washington, Sandberg ds
Leiberg 402 (type), July 5, 1893.
3^^
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. Plate XXII.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF "WASHINGTON. 355
14. Lupinus suksdorfii Robinson, sp. nov. (§ Sericei).
Erect or nearly so, about 60 cm. high; stem stoutish, subsiraple, terete, finely subappressed-
pubescent or somewhat spreading-villous, leafy, especially near the middle; leaflets about
9, oblanceolate, acute, the larger 5 to 6 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, covered on both surfaces
by a short dense sericeous appressed pubescence; petioles 4 to 11 cm. long; peduncles
terminal and common^ solitary, 4 to 8 cm. long; racemes 20 cm. in length, 4 to 5 cm. in
diameter; pedicels slender, 8 mm. long, scattered or subverticillate, tomentulose; upper
calyx lobe 2-toothed, the lower entire; petals rich purplish blue, about 12 mm. long;
standard glabrous ; keel ciliolate ; ovary 5 to 7-ovuled
;
pods spreading-pubescent, 3 to 4 cm.
long, 9 mm. wide, about 4-seeded.—Dry grounds.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, west Klickitat County, SuksdorfWQ, May 3 (in
flower), June (in fruit), 1883; same locality, mountain sides, SulcsdorflQQ, May 2 (in flower),
June (in fruit), 1883; same region and collector, April 24 (in flower), June (in fruit), 1886;
Wenache, Whited 1032, April 23, 1899; sandy hillsides west of Wenache, Whited 1033, May
2, 1899.
15. Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 468. 1814.
IVpe locality: "On the banks of the Kooskoosky." Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1061; June, 189.5; Klickitat, Howell, June,
1879; Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 686; Waitsburg,
Horner 90; Almota, Piper 2011 ; Kamiak, Piper 3087; without locality, Vasey 262.
Zonal distribltion: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
The following specimens are not typical but for the present are referred here: Wenache,
Whited 1061, 155, July 9, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 662; Twisp River, Whited 36; Douglas
City, Lake cfe Hull 757; Coulee City, Spillman, May 27, 1896 in part.
16. Lupinus omatus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 121G. 1828. Plate XXII.
Type locality: "In mountain valleys, on the banks of the Spokan River, near Kettle
Falls, on the River Columbia; and also near the chain of lakes of the last mentioned stream."
Range: Washington, Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Henderson 2334; Yakima County, Henderson 2332, 2340,
2342; Ellensburg, Whited 23; Ainsworth, Brandegee 700; Spokane, Piper 1803; Spokane
County, SuJcsdorf 267 ; Conconully, Whited 1308; Steamboat Rock, McKay 22; Pullman,
Henderson 2339; Piper 3037; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas Creek, Cotton 1149;
Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1337.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
16a. Lupinus omatus bracteatus Robinson, subsp. nov.
Bracts much exceeding the buds, often recurved, somewhat persistent, much more con-
spicuous than in the typical form.— Gravelly prairies. Bearing much the same relation to
the typical form of Lupinus ornatus Dougl. as subspecies pLumosus Robinson does to L.
leucophyllus Lindl., and no more constant.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Piper 2728, 2823, 2947;
Almota, Piper 2939.
17. Lupinus alpicolaL. F. Henderson in herb.
Stems several from a thickish caudex, scaly at the base, erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple or
nearly so, leafy, covered by a fine short closely appressed pubescence; petioles slender, erect,
all but the upper exceeding the 7 or 8 leaflets; these linear-oblanceolate, acute, finely serice-
ous-pubescent on both surfaces, 2.6 to 3.6 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. broad; racemes mostly
terminal on the stems, shortly peduncled, loosely flowered, 7 to 10 cm. long; bracts lanceo-
late, sericeous-pubescent, rather short, when persisting not equaling the tomentulose
pedicels; petals purplish blue; standard suborbicular, sparingly villous near the middle
356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
dorsally; keel strongly ciliated; pods lance-oblong, acute, silky, 2.4 to 3 cm. long, 4 or 5-
seeded.—Flowering in August.
Specimens examined: Washington, Mount AdtLins, Henderson 1387; Suksdotf111 : Oregon,
north side of Mount Hood, Hoirell.
18. Lupinus littoralis Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: ji. 1198. 1828.
TiPE locality: "On the seashore from Cape Mendocino to Puget's Sound. Collected
by Douglas.
Range: Seacoast of Washington, Oregon, and northern California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2537; Wcstport, Henderson, June 2!S,
1892; Lamh 1 1 10; Coupevillo, Gardner 65; Ilwaco, Piper 4697.
Zonal distribitiox: Humid Transition. »
This is the "liquorice root " mentioned by Lewis and Clark and formerly used as food by
the natives.
19. Lupinus volcaniciia Greene, Pittonia 3: 30S. 1898.
Type ukality: Mount Rainier, Washington.
Range: Known only from Mount Rainier.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pi/xtr 2120 and in 1889; FZett 296.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
20. Lupinus saxosus Howell, Erythca 1: 110, 1893.
Type ixjCALiri-: "On high stony ridges, from near the Dalles eastward, in Oregon and
Washington." Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Kittitas Mountains, Whiied, May 27, 1896; Wenache, Whited 29,
98,38.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
21. Lupinus subalpinus Piper & Robinson, .sp. nov. (§ Saxosi).
Lupinus arcticvs S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 526. 1873, as to plant of Lyall, not as to
arctic elements.
Erect or somewhat decuml)ent, spreading-villous; .stems simple, 25 to 40 cm. high, leafy;
leaflets spatulate-obianceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, villous beneath, sparsely so or
rarely quite glabrous above, 3 to 4.2 cm. long; raceme terminal, 10 to 15 cm. long, many-
flowered, Iwrne on a stoutish peduncle 3 to 5 cm. in length
;
pedicels slender, 4 to 8 mm. long,
spreading-pubt\scent; flowers large and showy; petals 12 to 16 mm. long; the standard
glabrous; the keel entirely glabrous or with traces of ciliation; pods linear-oblong, about 3.5
cm. in length, obliquely sharp-pointed, 7 to 9-seeded.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lydll 1860; dry slopes on
Mount Rainier, Piper 463, 4114; E. C. Smith 463; Wenache* Washington, Whited.
This species differs from L. saxosns, Howell, in its greater stature, larger leaflets, and only
obsoletely ciliate keel; from L. wyethii S. Wats., in the form of the leaflets, as well as in the
sparse pubescence usually present on their upper surface.
Other specimens referable here are the following: Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull; Mount
Adams, Flett 1254; Henderson 15; Suksdorf 2561 , 108, 1787; Olympic Mountains, Piper,
August, 1895; Mount Stua.rt, Brandegee 609; Elmer 1205; Goat Mountains, ^Wen 30.
22. Lupinus wyethii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873.
Type locality: "Flat-Head River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 89; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 702;
Spangle, Suksdorf 266; Piper 3551 ; Pullman, Piper, June 13, 1896; Union Flat, Piper 1900;
Wawawai, Elmer 764; Harrington, Sandberg (& Leiberg 200.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 357
23. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pZ. 1096. 1827.
Type locality: "In the North-West of North America."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3878; Whatcom County, Gardner; Seattle,
Piper, July, 1897; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Maxfield, Henderson, June 22,
1892; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper
4925.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
24. Lupinus burkei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873.
Type locality: "Snake Country." Collected by Burke.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Spangle, Piper 2875, 3548; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892;
Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiherg, May, 1893; Cheney, Sandberg c& Leiberg, May, 1893;
Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker 16; without locality, Vasey 265.
The following specimens are not typical, but for the present are referred here: Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1112; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 454; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc Leiberg, July,
1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
25. Lupinus rivularis Dougl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1595. 1833
Type locality: "Native of California."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 4924; Clallam County, A^Zmer 2542; Orchard
Point, Piper 2315; Montesano, Heller 3906; Hoodsport, Henderson 1875; Chehalis County,
Lamb 1181; Kittitas County, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2566;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2563; Moss Creek, Suksdorf 2565, 2564; Tacoma, Fleit
112; Leckenby, June 10, 1898; Charleston, Piper, July 2, 1895; without locality, Vasey in
1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
26. Lupinus sabinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.
Type locality: "On the Blue Mountains of North America, and on the dividing ridge of
the Rocky Mountains near the confines of perpetual snow." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and probably of Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains near Waitsburg, Piper 2331, Horner 91 ; near the same
plac«, Cusick 3011.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
These specimens have somewhat smaller flowers than Douglas' originals, and difler
slightly in pubescence.
27. Lupinus sulphureus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.
Type locality: "On the Blue Mountains of North West America and on elevated
grounds near the sources of Clarke's River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2332; Horner 87, 88.
Zonal disthibution : Hudsonian or Canadian.
28. Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. llJfi. 1828.
Lupinus arbustusT>oug\. Bot. Reg. 15: pZ. 1£30. 1829.
Type locality: "In dry, open, gravelly plains about the great rapids of the River Co-
lumbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 703; North Yakima, Henderson
2337; Ellensburg, Piper 2727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2m9; Co\umh\is, Suksdorf 1792;
For illustration of Lupinus rivularis, see Plate X, facing page 43.
358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Chenowith, Sul'«ior/"2568; without locality , Fasei/ 264 : Blue Mountains, //omer 277; Piper
2329; Wenachc Mountains, Cotton 1301; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1519; Wenache,
Whited 96, 41, 3, 104, and June 28, 1896; near Wenache, Whited 120; Wenache, Whited 1105.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
28a. Lupinus laxiflorus, forma theiochrous Robinson, forma nov.
Corolla sulphur-yellow.
,
Specimens examined: Near top of ridge, northern slope of Rattlesnake Mountains,
Yakima County, Washington, J. S. Cotton, July 16, 1900.
Lupinus iioix)sericeu8 Nutt, Lupinus aroenteus Pursh, Lupinus parviflorus Nutt.
These three names are included in Suksdorf's list, but we have been unable to find good
evidence that the species occur in the State.
TJLEX.
1. TJlex europaeus L. Sp. V\. 2: 741. 1753. Gorse. Furze.
Type wKAi-iri': "Habitat in Anglia, Gallia, Brabantia."
This plant is well established on Alki Point near Seattle, and has also been reported from
other localities.
MELILOTUS.
Flowers white 1. M. alhus.
Flowers yellow 2. M. officinalis.
1. MelilotuB albus l)esr. iu Lam. Kncyc. 4: &i. 1797. Sweet clover.
Type ixx:ality: Siberia.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Egbert Springs, Sandberg <&
Leiberg 398.
2. MelilotuB officinalis (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: 594. 1778. Yellow melilot.
Trifolium melilotun officinalis L. Sp. PI. 2: 765. 175;i.
Type ixk:\iat\: Eurojje.
Specimens examined: Okanogan, Griffiths cfc Cotton 345.
TRIFOLIUM. Clover.
Leaflets 5 to 7 ; flowers large, 2 to 3 cm. long .' . 1. T. macrocefhalum.
Leaflcta 3; flowers smaller.
Heads not subtended by an involucre.
Perennials; with thick roots or creeping rootstocks.
Heads on axillary peduncles; introduced.
Flowers white; stems creeping 10. T. repens.
Flowers pink ; stems procumbent 1\. T. hyhridum.
Heads on terminal peduncles; native.
Leaves glabrous; corolla red 2. T. douglasii.
Leaves pubesi-ent.
Calyx-teeth plumose.
Heads ovoid, becoming oblong 3. T. plumosum.
Heads globose.
Lobes of the calyx subequal, 3 to 4
times as long as the tulje 4. T. eriocephalum.
Lobes of the calyx unequal, the
anterior twice as long as the calyx
tube and the other lol^es 5. T. arcuatum.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 359
Calyx teeth hairy, not plumose.
Flowers red ; stipules aristate 9. T. pratense.
Flowers whitish; stipules not aristate.
Flowers pedicelled; heads globose . 6. T. laiifolium.
Flowers subsessile.
Heads obovate; corollas not
inflated; leaflets soft; stip-
ules acuminate 7. T. longipes.
Heads globose; corollas in-
flated; leaflets firm; stip-
ules obtusish 8. T. covillei.
Annuals; roots fibrous.
Calyx teeth plumose.
Heads ovate; flowers dark purple 12. T. albojmrpureum
Heads oblong; flowers pink 13. T. arvense.
Calyx teeth not plumose.
Corollas whitish, not becoming papery.
Teeth of the calyx scarious-margined and
ciliate 14. T. ciliolatum.
Teeth of the calyx not scarious-margined
nor ciliate.
Leaflets not notched at apex 15. T. gracilentum.
Leaflets notched at apex 16. J", hallii.
Corollas yellow, becoming papery in age.
Heads 20 to 40-flowered ; standard distinctly
striate 17. T. procumbens.
Heads 3 to 15-flowered; standard faintly
striate 18. T. dubium.
Heads subtended by an involucre.
Corolla becoming conspicuously inflated, yellowish 19. 7\ JJavulum.
Corolla not becoming inflated.
Involucre deeply cleft, the lobes laciniately toothed;
flowers dark purple.
Perennial with creeping rootstocks 20. T . fimbriatum.
Annuals.
Stems erect; calyx-lobes often 3-toothed;
leaflets linear 21.7'. truhntatum.
Stems decumbent ; calyx-lobes usually entire.
Leaflets linear 22. T. oliganlhum.
Leaflets obovate or obcordate 23. T. variegatum-
Involucre not deeply cleft, its lobes serrate or entire;
flowers white or pale pink , annuals.
Glabrous; calyx teeth slender and branched 24. J. cyathiferum.
Villous; calyx teeth scarious-margined.
Involucre nearly inclosing the head 25. T. microdon.
Involucre merely basal 26. T. microcephalum.
1. Trifolium. macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 336. 1817.
Lupinasier macrocepalus Pursh, Fl. 2: 479. 1814.
Irijolium megacephalum Nutt. Gen. 2: 105. 1818.
Type locality: "Headwaters of the Missouri." Collected by Lewis. The specimens
were really collected, however, at "Rock Fort Camp," the Dalles of the Columbia.
Range; Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Wcnache Mountains, W'TiitonSSo, 11: North Yakima. Mrs.Steinncff
in 1894; Klickitat County, Hmoell 126: Cleman Mountain, Henderson in 1892; near Mount
Adams, Flett 1259; "Ketetas" Valley, Lyall in 1860: Blue Mountains near source of Walla
Walla River, Douglas in 1826; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Kittitas County, CV/on 1606.
ZoN.xL DisTuiBrriox: Upper Sonoran.
2. Trifolium douglasii House. Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. 1906.
TrifoHum altissimum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 130. 1830, not Loisel. Fl. Gall. 2: 479,
1807.
Type LOCALrnr: "Between the Spokane River and Kettle Falls of the Columbia." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Ra.nge: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: "E' of W.Walla, ".VuWa//; Spokane County, Sut.«(/or/"; Spokane,
Henderson, June, 1892; I'uUman, Piper 1485; HuU 436; without locality, Geyer 472.
Zonal Di.sTRiBrTiox: Arid Transition.
3. Trifolium plumosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1830.
Type locauty: "Blue Mts. in North-West America in alluvial soils." Collected by
Douglas.
Ranoe: Western Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and doubtfully southeastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830 (a Washington locality ?).
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Trifolium eriocephalum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.
Type uhality: "Prairies of the Wahlamet and near Fort Vancouver." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Wa-shington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Nultall.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Trifolium arcuatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901.
Type locality: Simcoe Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon ejist of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens exa.mined: Simcoe Mountains, SulcsdorfT!^.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Trifolium latifolium (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 223. 1897.
Trifolium longipes latifolium Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 209. 1847.
Type locality: "Open pine woods on the undulating ridges of the Coeur d'Alene
Mountains, near St. Josephs," Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Adams,
Henderson, August, 1892; Lake Kcechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; Clealum, Henderf/)n,
June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 437; Peshastin, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 527; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 919, 918; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.
2^NAL distribution: Canadian.
7. Trifolium longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 314. 1838.
Trifolium caurinum Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 1898.
Type locality: "Valleys of the central chain of the Rocky Mountains and on the moist
plains of the Oregon as low as the Wahlamet." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Big Creek Pr&irle, Lamb; Clallam County, i^/rrfej" 2.538; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf in 1878; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2577; Klickitat River, Flett 1263;
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 361
' Columbia and Walla Walla," Nuitall; without locality, Brandegee 708; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Clealum, Cotton 855; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1317, 1314, 1316, 1462;
Cape Plorn, Piper 520, 4970.
Zonal distribution: Transition or Canadian.
8. Trifolium covillei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 337. 1906.
Type locality: Bog lands in the Wenache Mountains, Kittitas County, Washington,
collected by Coville.
Specimen examined: Wenache Mountains, Coville 1180.
9. Trifolium pratense L. Sp. PI. 2: 768. 1753. Red clover.
Type locality: European. Abundantly cultivated and established in fields and by
waysides.
10. Trifoliiim repens L. Sp. PI. 2: 767. 1753. White clover.
Type locality: European. Established in most parts of the State.
11. Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. PI. 2: 766. 1753. Alsike clover.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July, 1893. Cultivated and established in fields
and by waysides nearly everywhere.
12. Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Whatcom, Suksdorf 257S; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Seattle,
Smith in 1889 ;' Piper in 18£9.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species has been considered identical with the Chilean T. macraei Hook. & Arn.,
but it seems amply distinct.
13. Trifolium arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 769. 1753. Rabbit-foot clover.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa, America septentrionali."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 24, 1899.
14. Trifolium ciliolatmn Benth. PI. Hartw. 304. 1848.
Trifolium ciliatum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 152. 1847, not Clarke 1813-16.
Type locality: "In pascuis vallis Sacramenti," California.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, ^SwArsdor/ 44.
15. Trifolium gracHentum Torr. & Gr. Fl. xN. Am. 1: 316. 1838.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom, Suksdorf l^X); Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Trifolium hallii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 135. 1898.
Trifolium bifidum decipiens Greene, Fl. Fran. 1 : 24. 1891, not J . decipiens Horncm. 1815.
Trifolium greenei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 334. 1906.
Type locality: "In the Bay district," California.
Range: Washington to California west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Klickitat County
Sub^dorfH; White Salmon, Suksdorf 349.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
17. TrUolivun procvunbens L. Sp. PI. 2: 772. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Suksdorf 1S04; Tacoma, Leckenby,
May, 1898.
18. TrifoliumdubiumSihth. Fl. Oxon. 231. 1794.
Trifolium minus Smith, Engl. Bot. ;;/. 1206. 1799.
Type locality: Near Oxford, England.
Specimens examined: Chenowith. Suksdoif 25S5.
19. Trifolium flavulum (Ireene, Pittonia 2: 223. 1892.
TSpe lck-ality: Western California.
Rance: Western California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890; Whatcom, Suksdorf 1802;
Seattle, Piper in 1889.
Tliese are probably all introduced from California.
20. Trifolium fimbriatxun Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1070. 1827.
Trifolium spinulomim Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 133. 1830.
Trifolium heterodon Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:318. 1S.?8.
Type locality: Columbia River. Collected by DougIa.s.
Range: British Columbia, Wa.shington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Grays Ilarlwr, Lamb 11G5; Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892;
North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, IIender.><on; Spokane, Piper, Sandberg, Heller, <& MacDougal
1028; Marshall Junction, Piper; Clallam County, Elmer 25;i9; Coupevillc, Gardner 70;
Seattle, Pi>er 2761; Smith 473; Henderson 2:i29; Olympia, Henderson 2329; Mucklcshoot,
Dr. Ruhn; Spangle, Suksdotf 272; Medical Lake, Henderson 2:i"i0; Walla Walla, Lyall in
1860; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Pij)er 4989.
The Californian T. wormskioldii Lchm. is distinguished by its less deeply lobcd
involucre.
Zonal dlstribution: Transition.
21. Trifolium tridentatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pi. 1070. 1827.
Type locality: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2536; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858-59;
Coupeville, Gardner 1\ \ T&com&, Flett 903; Fourth Plain, Piper 3073; Rock Island,
Henderson; Vancouver, Piper 4933.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
22. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Norn. ed. 2. 2: 707. 1841.
Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 319. 1838, not Urv. 1822.
Type locality: "Wet places on the higher plains of the Oregon, particularly abundant
near the outlet of the Wahlaniet." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coa.st region.
Specimens examined: Lopez Lsland, L.yaU in 1858; Seattle, Piper 727; Tacoma, Fleit
904, 188; Rock Island, Llenderson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
23. Trifolium variegatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 317. 1838.
Trifolium melananthum Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 331. 1839.
Type locality: "Springy places near the mouth of the Wahlamet, " Oregon. Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 68; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Smith; Olympia,
Henderson 2327, 2328; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2580; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie (i);
Yakima County, iSwAsdo// 273; Yakima, Watt; Ellensbui^, Whited 491) Elmer 402; Egbert
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 363
Springs, Sandherg <& Leiherg 401; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hvll 435; Spokane, Piper; Spo-
kane County, SnJcsdorf 2581 . Meyers Falls, Kreager 504; Prosser, Cotton 737, 810; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
24. Trifolinm cyathifenun Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pi. 1070. 1827.
Type locality: "Columbia River. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and north Caliiomia.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Klickitat River, Flett 1263a
junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiherg 303; Spokane County, SnTcsdorf 2584
Pullman, Piper 1484; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hvll 433
Blue Mountains, Horner 316.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
25. Trifolium microdon Hook. & Am. Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 180. 1833.
Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile.
Range: Vancouver Island to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, iam6 1266; Bellingham Bay, ^wtsdor/ 1803 ; Alki Point,
Piper in 1889; Port Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Ilwaco, Piper
4994, 4961.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
26. Trifolium roicrocephalum Pursh, Fl. 2: 478. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis. The exact
spot is on the Bitter Root River, Montana, near the mouth of the Lolo.
Range: British Columbia to west Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 69; Puget Sound, Suckley; Everett,
Piper, July, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 905; Charleston, Piper, July, 1895; W^oodlawn, Hender-
son, June, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 404; Egbert Springs, Sandherg cfe Leiherg 421; Muckle-
shoot. Dr. Ruhn;/WWson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 434; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Dewart in
1900; Henderson, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 274; Coppei River, Homer 597; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 138; Fort Vancouver, Scouler.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MEDICAGO.
Annual ; flowers yellow.
Pod, 1-seeded, black, reticulate \. M. lupulina.
Pod several-seeded, twisted, spiny on the edge 2. M. denticulata.
Perennial ; flowers violet. , 2. M . sativa.
1. Medicago lupulina L. Sp. PI. 2: 779. 1753. Yellow trefoil.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Bin-
gen, Suksdorf 2587; Walla Walla, Leckenhy, May, 1898.
2. Medicago denticulata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1414. 1803. Bur clover.
Type locality: None cited.
. Specimens examined: Whatcom, Suksdorf 1806; Tacoma, Flett 52; Seattle, Piper in
1888.
3. Medicago sativa L. Sp. PI. 2: 778. 1753. Alfalfa.
Type locality: "Habitat in Hispaniae, Galliae apricis."
Abundantly cultivated, especially in eastern Washington, and a frequent escape.
PSORALEA.
Leaflets broadly ovate I. P. physodes.
Leaflets lanceolate 2. P. lanceolata.
364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Psoralea physodes Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 136. 1830.
Type loc.\liti-: "From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and north California.
Specimens ex.\j*ined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Ganlner 89; Seattle,
Piper 58; between Olympia and Gate City, Udler 4049; White BIufT Fern-, Lake d- Hull
Aujust, 1892; without locality, Coojter.
ik)N.\L DisTRiBiTioN : Ilumid Transition.
Through an unquestionable error Piper no. 58 was referred to P. pedunculata Mill, in the
Torrey Bulletin.a Tlje latter spt»cies is not known west of the Rocky Mountains.
The type KH-ality as al)ove given is very likely the result of an error. This species is at
present known from ea.st of the Cascade Mountains at but a single station—near Troy,
Idaho.
2. Psoralea lanceolata scabra (Nutt.).
Pnoralea scabra \utt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 300. 1838.
Psoralea pnrshii Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 94. 1889.
TiPE localitt: "On the Walla-Wallah. " Collected by Townsend.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specime.ns examined: Egbert Springs, Sandler<j d' Leiherg 384; ^!organs Ferry, Suks~
do// 275; White Bluffs, Dunn 206; White Bluff Ferry, Lake tfc Hull 664; Columbia River,
latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf G63; Mosrs Lake,
Sandbertf cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Almota, Pij>er 1851; Wawawai, L^ke cfe Hull 429; Elmer
748; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 11364; Craifs Ferrj', Cotton.
Zonal uisTRiBrTioN: Upper Sononin.
This plant as to type sf>ecimen differs from P. lanceolata Pursh oii!y in its white villous
pods, and ail intergrades as to the amount of this pubescence occur.
GLYCYRRHIZA.
1. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Gen. 2: lOti. 1818. Wild licorice
Type locality: "St. Louis, " Mi8.souri.
Range: Washington to Hud.son Bay, Arkansas, and N"ew Mexico.
Specimens examined: Eglwrt Springs, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 342; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1809: Almota, Piper 1582; Wawawai, Piper 1482; Spokane, Kreager 539.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has been reported as a bad weed in Washington, hut there is no recent evi-
dence to this effect.
la. Glycyrrhiza lepidota glutinosa (Nutt.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 144. 1876.
Glycyrrhiza glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 298. 18;J8.
Type locality: "Banks of Lewis's River" in South Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Idalio to California.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall.
HOSACKIA.
Perennials; flowers in umbels.
Pods linear, glabrous, many-seeded.
Leaflets 5 to 9, glabrous or nearly so.
Peduncles usually naked ; corolla with yellow standard and
white wings 1. //. hicolor.
Peduncles with a bract at the umbel; corolla witli yellow
standard and purple wings 2. H. gracilis.
Leaflets 9 to 15; flowers purple 3. H. crassifolia.
a Bull. Torr. Club 21: 114. 1894.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 365
Pods curved, pubescent, 1 or 2-seeded; flowers yellow; foliage
pubescent 4. 77. decumbens.
Annuals ; flowers solitary or sometimes two on the peduncles of the first speci&s.
Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves.
Flowers 3 to 4 mm. long; leaflets oblong to ovate, usually gla-
brous 5. 77. jmrvifora.
Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, usually
villous 6. 77. americana.
Peduncles very short, the flowers nearly sessile ; calyx lobes denticu-
late 7. 77. denticulata.
1. Hosackia bicolor Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1257. 1829.
Lotus jrinnatus Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pi. 2913. 1829 (December 1).
Type locality: "In overflowed meadows between Fort Vancouver and the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined; Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July,
1896; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1161; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Palouse River, LyaJl in
1860; Pullman, Hull 782; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Hosackia gracilis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365. 1837.
Lotus formosissimus Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Monterey Bay, California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, 77eZZe?' 3934 ; Henderson 2350.
3. Hosackia crassifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365. 1837.
Hosackia stolonifera Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pi. 1977. 1837.
Hosackia platycarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 323. 1838.
Lotus crassifolius Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890.
Type locality: California. Collected l)y Douglas.
Range: Washington to southern California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3925; Mason County, Piper 1044; Chehalis
County, Lamb 1170; Tacoma, Flett 55; Steilacoom, Howell in 1878; Dalles, Lyall in 1860;
Klickitat County, Suh^dorf.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Hosackia decumbens Benth. Bot. Reg. 16: under pi. 1257. 1829.
Lotus douglasii Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 1890.
Type locality: "Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Ptper 57 ; between Olympia and Gate City, 77e//er
4047; west Klickitat County, Sw/ts^or/ 112; Loon Lake, Winston, J u\y 20, 1897: Spokane,
Piper, July, 1896; Henderson, July, 1892; Elmer 376; Spokane, Kreager 2; Dalles, Lyall
in I860.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Hosackia parviflora Benth. Bot. Reg. 16: under pi. 1257. 1829.
Hosackia microphylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 326. 1838.
Lotus micranthus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 367. 1837.
Type locality: "Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3911; Chehalis County, Lamb 1151; Seattle,
Piper, July, 1895; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 5, 1889;
west Klickitat County, -Swtw/or/ 533; without locality. Cooper; Lyall; Vancouver, Piper
4930.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Hosackia americana (Nutt.)-
TrigoneJla americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818.
Lotus sericeus Pursh, FI. 2: 489. 1814. not DC. 1813.
Hosackia purshiana Benth. BiH. Reg. 15: pZ. 1257. 1829.
i Hosackia unifdiata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 135. 1830.
Hosackia eUita glabra Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 327. 1838.
Hosackia elafa Nutt. loc. cit.
Hosackia Jloribujida Nutt. loo. cit.
Type LOCALiTi': "On the banks of the Missouri."
RANCfE: Washington to Minnesota, south to CaUfornia and Texas.
SPEriME.\.s e.\a.mined: Ellensburg, WAi/«<i578; North Yakima, TTatt; Rock Island, Sam?-
berg d' Leiberg 427: Wenache, Whited 1148: Tacoma, Flett 902: Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf'ZiXl; Fort Colville, Lyall in 18(30; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 430; Chelan, FAmer 493;
Rock Lake, Lake <& Hull, August 3, 1892; head of Grand Coulee, .\fcKay 24; Pullman,
//(/// in 1892: Wawawai, Piper 1483; without locality, Ia.s-fi/270; Mount Carhon, Kreager
lo5; Clarks Springs, Kreager 108; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 692; Walla Walla,
Griffiths db Cotton 552.
Zonal ijistribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Nuttall's Hosackia eUita glabra is a nearly glabrous plant matched by Cotton's 801 from
Topp«Mii.sh. It should perhaps Ik* accordeil subspecilic rank.
6a. Hosackia americana pilosa (Nutt.).
Hosackia pilosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 327. 1838.
Hosackia mollis Nutt. loc. cit.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the Oregon."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens exa.mined: Pullman, //i/fl, July 16, 1892.
7. Hosackia denticulata Drew, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 151. 1889.
I^>tus df niicvlatus Greene, Pittonia 2: 139. 1890.
Type ixx:ality: "Mad River near Jarnigan's," California.
Ranoe: Wa.shington to California.
Speclmens examined: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1892; Whiuby Island, Gardner
66: Fairhaven, Piper 2809; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 370; Whited 509; Piper 2743; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Colville Res-
ervation, Griffiths cfc Cotton 371.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
This species has l)een confused with //. subpinnata Torr. & dr., from which it appears
clearly distinct.
HEDYSARUM.
Flowers purple 1. H. occidentale.
Flowers yellowish 2. H. sulphurescens.
1. Hedysarum occidentale Greene, Pittonia 3: 19. 1896.
Hedysarum uintahense A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 186. 1902, at least in part.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and Wyoming.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2227; Henderson 1850; J. M. Grant
156; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1318; without locality, Sandberg <& Leiberg 494; Clallam County,
Elmer 2529.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is very close to H. boreale Nutt. (//. americanum (Michx.) Britton.), perhaps
not distinct from it.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 367
2. Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897.
Hedysarum flavescens Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 300. 1893, not Regel & Schmalh.
1882.
Type locality: Helena, Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 551.
ARAGAIiLiXJS. Locoweed.
1. Aragallus gfracilis A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 60. 1899.
Type locality: "Limestone Range in the Black Hills, Wyoming."
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, E'Zmer 2532; hoom\s, Elmer 595.
Professor Greene erects a new species, A. luieolus, on Elmer's 2532.a
2. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 212. 1897.
Oxytropis monticola A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 6. 1885.
Type locality : Northwestern Wyoming. Collected l>y Parry.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Dakota, and Alberta.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant 21; Flett 134, 803; Goat Mountains,
AUen 245.
PHACA. Milk vetch.
Pods membranaceous, thin, much inflated.
Herbage slightly pubescent
;
pods 2-celled \. P. lentiginosa.
Herbage silky or villous; pods 1-celled.
Pods very thin, 3 to 5 cm. long 2. P. hookeriana.
Pods firm, 10 to 12 mm. long 3. P. suksdorfii.
Pods coriaceous or chartaceous, not inflated.
Herbage long-hairy or woolly.
Pods woolly or villous, not compressed.
Pods 1-celled, somewhat curved, soft-woolly.
Flowers ochroleucous 4. P. jyurshii.
Flowers purple.
Stems elongate, prostrate; leaflets 21 to 2r^. ... 5. P. infexa.
Stems erect, very short; leaflets 7 to 11 6. P. glareosa.
Pods 2-celled, small, ovate, short-villous.
Spike dense; flowers 10 mm. long 7. P. spaldimjii.
Spike loose ; flowers 6 mm. long 8. P. lyallii.
Pods glabrous, strongly compressed, falcate 9. P. succumbens.
Herbage and pods glabrous or siiort-pubescent.
Pods conspicuously stipitate, the stipe equaling or exceeding
the calyx.
Calyx oblique; pods curved or coiled, the sutures promi-
nent.
Pods coiled, glabrous 10. P. speirocarjM.
Pods curved, not coiled.
Leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong or obovate; stipe as
long as the calyx 1 1 . P. sinuata.
Leaflets 6 to 9 pairs, linear; stipe much exceed-
ing the calyx 12. P. podocarpa.
Calyx not oblique; pods straight or nearly so.
Neither suture of the pods impressed.
o Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 17. 1905. »
368 CONTRIBUTIONS. FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pods somewhat flattened, pendent, smooth and
shining 15. P. sienophylla.
Pods not at all flattened.
Flowers and pods reflexed 16. P. coUina.
Flowers spreading
;
pods erect 17. P. hceedxfi.
One of the sutun>s of the pod impressed or intruded.
Pods compressed.
Pods rt^flexed, the dorsal suture intruded
to divide tlie pod into 2 cells 13. P. misella.
Pods pendent, the ventral suture intruded. 14. P. alpina.
Pods olx'ompressed, the dorsal suture impressed.
Leaflets glabrous, broadly oval 18. P. bechmtJiii.
Leaflets pubescent, lance-oblong 19. P. arrecta.
Pods .sessile or nearly so.
Pods 2-cclletl bj' the intrusion of the sutures.
Flowers greenish or yellowish
;
pods oblong 20. P. mortoni.
flowers purple or purplish.
Pods oblong; flowers spicate 21. P. adsurgens.
Pods ovate : flowers capitate 22. P. agrestis.
Pods 1-celled.
Flowers suhsessile in the leaf axils; leaflets rigid,
prickly-pointed 30. P. viridis.
Flowers in racemes or spikes; leaflets not rigid nor
prickly-pointed.
Inflore-scence racemose; pods not linear.
Pods Hul)glol)o.se, pubescent, chartaceous. . 26. P. miaera.
Pods oblong or ovate, coriaceous.
Sutures of the turgid pod l)oth promi-
nent; flowers greenish 23. P. reventa.
Sutures of the pod not l)oth prominent,
the dorsal impres.sed.
Flowers greenish ; leaflets 21 to 29. 24. P. hoodiana.
Flowers purpli.sh; leaflets 11 to 21. 25. P. conjuncta.
Inflorescence spicate; pods linear, chartaceous.
Keel of the corolla with a long inflexed l^eak. 27. P. convallaria.
Keel of the corolla short-beaked.
Calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube. 28. P. deaimbens.
Calyx teeth one-third as long as the
tube 29. P. serotina.
1. Fhaca lentiginosa (Dougl.).
Astragalus hnliginosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor Am. 1: 151. 1830.
? Astragalus diaphanus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Type locality: "Subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Speclmens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3885; Henderson 2353; between Coulee City
and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 663; EWcnshurg, Piper
2674; Toppenish, Piper, July 10, 1897; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 132; Cow Creek,
Lyall in 1860; Klickitat County, Howell; Coulee City, Piper 3885; Washtucna, Cotton 975.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Astragalus diaphanus Dougl., said to be abundant "on .sandy soil near the Great Falls
of the Columbia," has never been satisfactorily identified. While possibly referable to
A. lentiginosMS, the characters of " pilose-scabrous " herbage and " linear falcate " pods point
strongly to some other species.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 369
2. Phaca hookeriana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 693. 1840.
Astragalus hooJcerianus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 215. 1864.
Astragalus olympicus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902.
Type locality: "Interior of Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2531; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 725;
upper Yakima River, Brandegee 33; Blue Mountains, Piper 2405; Horner B146.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
3. Phaca suksdorfii (Howell).
Astragalus suksdorfii Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1893.
Type locality: "In loose volcanic soil near the base of Mount Adams," Washington.
Collected by Suksdorf
.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1T3.
4. Phaca purshii (Dougl.).
Astragalus purshii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 152. 1830.
Type locality: "On the low hills of the Spokan River," Wasliingtoii. Collected by
Douglas. •
• Range: British Columbia and Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1023; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Coulee
City, Piper 3861; Spokane, Piper 2288; Henderson 2357; Sandberg cfc Leiberg, May, 1893;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 18; Spangle, Piper, May, 1898; Chelan Butte, Grif-
fiths cfe Cotton 168.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4a. Phaca purshii tincta (Jones).
Astragalus purshii tindus Jones, Zoe 4: 269. 1893.
Type locality: "Edgewood, near Mt. Shasta," California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: B'mgen, Suksdorf 50.
5. Phaca inflexa (Dougl.).
Astragalus inflexus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Type locality: "On the barren .sandy grounds of the Columbia, from the junction of
Lewis and Clarke's River to the Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Opposite Umatilla, Howell 42; Kooskooskee to Walla Walla,
Wilkes Expedition 529; without locality, Brandegee 722; Wawawai, Elmer 112; Hull in
1892; Almota, Piper 1492, 2938; Illia, Lake cfc HuU 665; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1892.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Phaca glareosa (Dougl.).
Astragalus glareosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 52. 1830.
Astragalus aUanaris Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 141. 1894.
Type locality: "Plentiful on dry gravelly banks of rivers, from the confluence of
Lewis and Clarke's River with the Columbia to the mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2680; IfAtfed, April, 1897, and 18; North Yaki-
ma, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, April, 18^8; Henderson 2356; Pasco, Hindshaw 46;
Coulee City, Piper 3861 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 552.
The above identification of Douglas's A. glareosus witli Sheldon's A. allanaris is not
without misgivings, but the original description points to this species rather than to any
other.
29418—06 M 24
370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Phaca spaldingii (A. Gray).
Astragalus sfmldinffii A. Oray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 524. 1865.
Astragalus chaetoJon Torr. ; A. (Jray. Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 194. 1866, not Bunge, 1851.
Type ixk'ahit: " Clearwater ' Kivcr, Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington and Idaho.
Specimens exa-MINEd: Sprague, Saiulberg cO Leiberg 149b; Henderson in 1892; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Suksilorf 28:3; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 716; Pullmaa, Pi^r 1494;
Henderson in 1892; Connell, I^clcenhy, June, 1897.
Zonal distribitiox: Arid Transition.
8. Phaca lyallii (A. Gray).
Astragalus hjallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 195. 1865.
Tii'E i-ocAUTi': "Upper Yakima River," Washington. Collected by Lyall in 1860.
Range: Kastern Washington.
Speclmens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 366; Hemlerson 2354; Piper 2683; North
Yakima, Henderson 2354; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf
282; Pa.sco, HiTulshaw 52; Coulee City, Pij>er 38.56; Sprague, Sandberg t& Leiberg 149a;
Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 717; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mount-
ains, Grifiths d' Cotton 23; Prosser, Griffiths ifc Cotton 3.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
9. Phaca succumbens (Dougl.').
Astragalus succumbens Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Astragalus dorycnioUles Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 2: 151. 1832.
Type localiti': "On the barivn grounds of the Columbia and near the Wallawallah
River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and Ka.stern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat, J. HoiveU; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Wallula,
Brandegee 719; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, May, 1898; Walla Walla, Lyatl in 1860; Wal-
lula, Cotton 1063, 1040; Craigs Ferry, Cotton 1342.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
10. Phaca speirocarpa (A. Gray).
Astragalus speirocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.
Type locality: "Wenass" River, Washington. Collected by Lyall.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Leckenby, April
22, 1898; Yakima County, Brandegee 32, 728; Henderson 2351 ; Nachcs Valley, Piper 2758;
Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 277; Bickleton, Suksdorf 278; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; opposite
Alkali, Howell 46; Moxee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 45; between Mabton and Satus, Cotton 1117.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
11. Phaca sinuata (Piper).
Astragalus sinuatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 28: 40. 1901.
Astragalus whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 224. 1902.
Type locality: Eastern Washington. Collected by Brandegee.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Colockum Creek, White^l 1353; Eastern Washington, Brandegee
739.
12. Phaca podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 142. 1830.
Astragalus sclerocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.
Type ixxjality: "Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson
2352; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 279, 280; near the Great Falls of the Columbia, Douglas;
i
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 371
near Columbia Kiver, Yakima County, Brandegee 727; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Pasco, May 26, 1899; Henderson 2352; opposite Willows, Howell; Junction Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandherg& Leiberg 312; near Eltopia, Cotton 1021; near Delight, Cotton
999; Wallula, Cotton 1043.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
13. Phaca misella (S. Wats.)-
Astragalus misellus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 449. 1886.
Type locality: Mitchell, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 291; Piper ^81.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
14. Phaca alpina (L.).
Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. PI. 2: 760. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Damp thickets, Conconully, Whited 1307.
16. Phaca stenophylla (Torr. & Gr.).
Astragalus stenophyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 329. 1838.
Astragalus leptophyUus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 18. 1834^ not Desf. 1800.
Astragalus filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 278. 1874.
Type locality: "Headwaters of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 565; Piper '^YJ; Johnsons Canyon, Yakima
County, Brandegee 732; between Coulee City and Watervillc, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee
City, Henderson 2358; Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, June, 1893; Crab Creek, /Swis^Zor/
281; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 440.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
16. Phaca collina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 141. 1830.
Astragalus collinus Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 2: 256. 1832.
Astragalus cyrtoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 201. 1865.
Type locality: "On the subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in dry soils." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ritzville, Sandberg <& Leiberg
196; Sprague, Henderson 2360; Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Wawawai, Elmer 749; Piper
1792; Waitsburg, Horner 98; Wallula, Brandegee 730.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
17. Phaca tAveedyi (Canby).
Astragalus tweedyi Canby, Bot. Gaz. 15: 150. 1890.
Type locality: "In prairies. Eastern Oregon."
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Hills along Columbia River, Yakima County, Bramlegee 731.
18. Phaca beckwithii (Torr. & Gr.).
Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2^: 120. 1854.
Type locality: "Cedar Mountains," Utah.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Tukanon River, Brandegee 726. ;'
19. Phaca arrecta (A. Gray).
Astragalus arredus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. S: 289. 1870.
Astragalus palousensis Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.
372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Astragalus arrectus palousensis Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 190"-.
Type iax-ality: Kooskooskee [Cleai-water] River, Idaho. Collected bj- Geyer.
Range: E^astern Washin^on, Eastern Orefjoii, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1493; Elmer in 1896; without locality, Vasey
in 1889.
2ioNAL distribution: Arid Transition.
19a. Fhaca arrecta leibergii (Jones).
Astragalus arrectus leibergii Jones, Contr. TVPstern Bot. 10: 68. 1902.
Astragalus leibergii Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 6: (503. 189').
Type uxai.ity: "Egbert Springs," Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sand-
bei^ & Leilx»rg.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Egl)ert Springs, ^^a/wi^Af/-*/ cfc X*j6er^ 354.
20. Phaca mortoni (Xutt.).
Astragalus mortoni Nutt. Jouni. Acad. Pliila. 7: 19. 1834.
Type ujcality: "About the soun-es and upp<'r branches of the Missouri." Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensbui^, Whited: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
li'aW, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg m 185)4: Simc(H' Valley, Li/a// in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Samlberg d' Uiberg 341; Beaver Creek, Whited 22, 232; Wilson Creok, Lake cfc Hull 667;
Sjjokane, Henderson, July, 1S92; Pijier, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Pi/per, July, 1896;
Almota, Piper 1864; without kwulity, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 79.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
21. Phaca adaurgens (Pall.).
Astragalus adsurgen.'i Pall. Astrag. 40. pi. 31. 1800.
Astragalus aihurgens robustior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 149. 1830.
Astragalus nitidus Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as .synonym.
Astragalus striatus Nutt.; Torr. & (Ir Fl. 1: 330. 1838.
Type i.o<\vi.ity: "In regionem Trans-Baicaiensibus, frequens ad Sclonguni, Ononem
circa Tarei-noor et uscjue in Mcmgoliae desertum."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon and Kansas. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Silver Lake, Henderson 2359.
22. Phaca agrestis (Dougl.).
^
Astragalus agrestis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 148. 1830. as .synonym.
Astragalus hypoglottis of American authors.
Type locality: "On the fertile plains of the Red River, and in the south, towards
Pembina."
Range: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Nebraska, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 422; Ellensburg, Whited 457; Coulee City, Piper
3872; Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson 2361; Sandberg <& Leiberg 137; Spokane
County, Mrs. Susan Tvclcer, in 1892; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Crab Creek, Suksdorf
286; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 344; Okanogan, Griffiths cfe Cott(m 265.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
23. Phaca reventa (A. Gray).
Astragalus reventus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 46. 1879.
Type locality: "Interior of Oregon." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: North Yak\m&, Henderson in 1892; Mrs. Steinweg;Ta.mpko,Henr-
derson in 1892; Klickitat County, J. Howell, m 1878 and 1882; Cleman Mountain, Hender-
son; Bishops, Piper 2887; Wawawai, Elmer 795, 3059; Blue Mountains, Lake <fc Hull
688; without locality, Vasey, in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 373
23a. Phaca reventa canbyi (Jones).
Astragalus reventus canbyi Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 8:11. 1898.
Type locality: "Yakima Region," Washington. Collected by Brandegee.
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandegee 36.
24. Phaca hoodiana (Howell).
Astragalus hoodianusHo-we\\,Y,vyi\\e& 1: 111. 1893.
Astragalus conjunctus oxytropidoides Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. 11. 5: 665. 1895.
Type locality: "Hood River to a point a few miles east of The Dalles," Oregon.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains east of Lyle, SnJcsdorf 2589 ; west Klickitat County,
SuJcsdorf 258S.
25. Phaca conjuncta (S. W^ats.).
Astragalus conjunctus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.
Type locality: " John Day Valley " and "Baker County," Oregon. Collected by
Howell and by Cusick.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1041; Ellensburg, Brandegee 724; Piper 2716;
Whited 618; White Salmon, SuJcsdorf 266; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
26. Phaca misera (Dough).
Astragalus miser Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 153. 1830.
Astragalus microcystis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 220. 1865.
Type locality: "On low hills of the Spokane River, sixty miles from its confluence
with the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall; Old Fort Colville, Watson 90; Box Canyon,
Kreager 396.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
27. Phaca convallaria (Greene).
Astragalus convallarius Greene, Erythea 1 : 207. 1893.
Astragalus campestris A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865, not L. 1753.
Homalobus campestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 351. 1838.
Type locality: "Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte."
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, August, July, 1893; Wenache,
Whited 5, 211; Ophir, Elmer 528; Conconully, Whited 1309; Methow River, Whited, July
14, 1896; Beaver Creek, Whited 28; Ritzville, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 163; without locality,
Vasey, in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
28. Phaca decumbens (Nutt.).
Astragalus decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865.
Homalobus decumbens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 352. 1838.
Type locality: "Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte ' ' Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
near Spokane and Columbia Rivers, Geyer 475.
374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
29. Phaca serotina (A. Gray).
Astrmjalus icefoiiniis A. Gray, Par. U. Rep. 12-: .51. 18()0.
Type i.oc.\i.ity: "On the Okanogan, near tlie Columbia River," Washington. Collected
by Cooper.
Range: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMEN.S ex.xmined: "On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River, Lat. 48°, Oct.
Cooper"; Walla Walla Region, Brandtgee 733; Ritzviile, Sandbeif/ t(' f^iberg 473, 163;
Conconully, Whited 1309; without hM-ality, Vasey 273; Loomi.s, Oiiffilhs dc Cotton 343.
Zonal uisTRiBirrioN : Arid Transition.
30. Phaca viridis (Nutt.).
Astragahi.s rirulis (Xutt.) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud, l^: 118. 1894.
Kfntroi>ftyta i-iriJis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 3.5:^. 1838.
KerUro})fii/la uioniana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 3.').3. 1^38.
Astragahti! kenfrophijla A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Pliihi. 1863: GO. 186?.
Tyi'E ixk-auty: "Hills of the Platte." Collected i)y Xutlall.
Range: South Dakota to New Mexico, Wa.shington, and British America.
SPEt'iMENS EXA.M1NEU: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 734.
Astragalus lanocarpus Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 144. 1894, was based on a
plant collected by Joseph Ilowell in 1878 at Klickitat Prairie, Washington. We have not
seen this species. It is a clo.se ally of A. purshii, from which it i.s said to Iw distinguished
by having narrow leaflets and stifle-hairy ptids.
VICIA. Vkitu.
Flowers in spikes or racemes on axillary jK-duncles.
Annuals; peduncles few-flowered; flowers very small, bluish-
white 4. V. hlrmtta.
Perennials; peduncles mostly many-flowcrcd.
Flowers ochroleucous or tawny ^. V . gigantea.
Flowers violet or bluish-purple, rarely white. -• A
Raceme 1-sided, densely 15 to 40-flowered \.V . cracca. M
Raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered ; leaflets ovate to
oblong, acutish '. . .
.
2. V. americana.
Leaflets truncate 2a. V. americann fnmcafa.
Leaflets linear 2a. V. americana linearis.
Flowers axillary, solitary or in twos, nearly sessile.
Leaflets oblong to ovate
;
pods brown 5.V. sativa.
Leaflets linear or linear-oblong; pods black 6.V. nngiislifolia.
1. Vicia cracca L. Sp. PI. 2: 735. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, New Jersey, and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, (Sw^scfor/" 965; Gardner 4\8.
2. Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1096. 1801.
Vicia oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.
Vicia sparsifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to New York and southward to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3951; Clallam County, Elmer 2534; Mason
County, Kincaid; Olympia, Kincaid; T&com&, Flett 897; west Klickitat County , Suksdorf
2014, 2122; North Yakima, Mrs. Sleinweg; Wenache, Whiled 150, 1266, 1080; Ellensburg,
Whited; Cold Creek, Cotton 399; Sunnyside, Cotton 372; Little Spokane River, Kreager
599; Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg <& Leiherg 308; Almota, Piper 1486; Tukanon
River, Lake <& Hull 437; Loomis, Griffiths cfe Cotton 339.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OP WASHINGTON". 375
2a. Vicia americana triincata (Nutt.) Brewer in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 158. 1876.
Vida tnincata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 270. 1838.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California. '
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Wenache, WJiiUd 1080; without locality, Vasey
in 1889.
2b. Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 134. 1876.
Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 276. 1838.
Type locality: "Plains of the Platte."
Range: Washington to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 20, 1889; west Klickitat County,
Sv.Jcsdorf 2013, 2111; Waitsburg, Horner 97.
3. Vicia gigantea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 157. 1830.
Vicia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 129. 1832.
Type locality: "Open woods on the Columbia." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Sitka to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3849; Clallam County, Elmer 2530; Olympia,
Henderson, May, 1892; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 964; Tacoma, Flett 36; Cascades, Suksdorf
534.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 191. 1837.
Ervum hirsutum L. Sp. PI. 2: 738. 1753.
Vida mitchelli Raf. Prec. Decouv. 37. 1814.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Leckenby, June, 1898; Flett 2225; Alki Point, Piper in
1889.
5. Vicia sativa L. Sp. PI. 2: 736. 1753. Common vetch.
Type locality: European. ,
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2533; Whidby Island, Gardner 75; Ca.s-
cades, Suksdorf 535.
6. Vicia angustifolia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310. 1788.
Vida sativa angustifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 361. 1825.
Type locality: "Habitat in campis sterilissimis, inter segetes arenosas totius fere Gcr-
maniae."
Specimens examined: Seattle, /-"iper, July, 1895; Tacoma, FZe^i 214.
LATHYRUS. Pea.
Herbage densely silky-villous \. L. littoralis.
Herbage glabrous, or if pubescent not villoui^.
Plants erect; tendrils wanting or much reduced.
Flowers solitary 2. L. torreyi.
Flowers 2 or more to each raceme.
Corolla white; leaflets usually 3 pairs, oblong or
ovate 3. L. ohovatus.
Corolla purple.
Stems tall; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs.
Leaflets oblong to ovate, pubescent
beneath ----- 4. L. nuttaUii.
Leaflets lanceolate, pubescent on both
sides 5. L. oregonensis.
Stems low; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs.
S76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
Leaflets elliptic to olxjvate 6. L. bijiigatus.
Leaflets linear to lanceolate 6a. L. hijiKjatus sandbergii.
Plants climbing by simple or 3-forkeil tonJrils.
Stems winged 7. L. jmiuster.
Stems wingless.
Flowers yellowish becoming tawny 8. /^. siilphureus.
Flowers blue-purple.
Leaflets very thin^ 5 to 8 pairs 9. L. jwlyphyllus.
Leaflets firm, 3 to 6 pairs.
Peduncles not exceeding the leaves;
leaflets m)t cu.spidate.
,
Leaflets ovate-oblong, glabrous. . . 10. L. niaritimus.
Ijeaflets lineur-lanceolate or ellijv
tic, pulnvscent 11. L. coriaceus.
Peduncles cxcee<ling the leaves; leaf-
lets cuspidate.
Leaflets oblong or elliptic \2. L. jMucifoms.
Leaflets linear or lanceolate 12a. L. jmuciforus tenuior.
1. Lathyrus littoralis (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Rcpert. 1: 722. 1842.
Astrophln Jltioralis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 278. 1S;J8.
Orobufi littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 54. 18r)9.
Tj-PK ixn-AMTk': "San<l hills near the estuarj' of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttail.
RAN(iB: On the seacoast of Washington and Oregon.
Specime.ns e.xamineo: Lai(ilaw, Lamb 1119; .Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidliy Island,
Gardner ^2; 0<-oHt&, Ilendemori, 3nm\ 18{)2; without locality, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Lathyrus torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 337. 1868.
Lathijrus torreyi UneUus Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 135. 1899. '
Type ixtcxunw Mendocino or south part of IIuml)oIdt<^ounty, California. r
RaN(JE: Wa.shington to California west of the Cawatles. \
Spe('IMEN.s examined: Tac<iina, Flett, Junfc, 1897, 18(); Stcilacooin, Coojter; Puyallup, f
Piper 3826; La Camas, HeiiCtrHon, May »), 1889; Manor, Piper 3075. \
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Lathynis obovatus (Torr.) White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894.
iMthyrus venosus obovatus Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 77. 1857.
Lathyrus nevaden&is S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 133. 187(5.
Type locality: "Mammoth Grove and Duffield's Ranch, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 93.
3a. Lathyrus obovatus stipulaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894.
Type ixkalittl-: Colville to Spokane, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.
Range: British Columbia and Wasiiington.
Specimens examined: Spokane Valley, I^yall in ]8()1.
4. Lathyrus nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 4.50. 1886.
Type locality: "Upper California." Collected by Nuttall. J
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region. 1
Specimens ex^vmined: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2349; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, LyaU in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2346; Admiralty Head, Piper; Seattle,
Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 297; Klickitat County, Henderson, June 1,
1884; Klickitat River, Flett 1261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 354; Lake Wcnache, Sandberg
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 377
<fe Leiberg 634; Clealum, Whited 364, 365; without locality, Vasey in 1889; La Camas,
Gorman, June, 1884.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The L. myrtifolius Muhl. of Suksdorf 's list is based on a specimen that we do not hesitate
to refer to L. nuttaUii.
5. Lathyrus oregonensis White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 456. 1894.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuisfZor/" 536.
6. Lathyrus bijugatus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457. 1894.
Type locality: Latah County, Idaho. Collected by Sandberg.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Suksdorf 1824; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition
572; Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 24; Pullman, Elmer 214. -
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6a. Lathyrus bijugatus sandbergii White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457. 1894.
Lathyrus sandbergii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 160. 1898.
Type locality: Latah County, Idaho.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane Valley, ZyaZZ in 1861 ; Pullman, £"?/««? 830; Piper 1488,
and June, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Lathyrus paluster L. Sp. PI. 2: 733. 1753.
Lathyrus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 :276.' 1838, as synonym.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New York. Europe.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; latitude 49° boundary, Lyall in
1858-59; Whidby Island, Gardner 91; Seattle, Piper 726; Smith; Yakima River, Hen-
derson 2347; Everett, Piper 4916.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
8. Lathyrus sulphureus Brewer; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 399. 1868.
Type locality: "In woods along foot hills of Sierra Nevada," California. Collected
by Brewer.
Range: Washington to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 482; Olympia, Henderson 2348; Loomis, Grif-
fiths (& Cotton 337.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species seems too close to L. ochroleuais Hook.
9. Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 274. 1838.
Type locality: "Forests of the Oregon to the sea." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to north California in the coast region.
.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2535; Seattle, Piper 481; Tacoma, Flett,
May, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2021
.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
10. Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel. Fl. Bost. cd 2. 268. 1824.
Pisum maritimum L. Sp. PI. 2: 727. 1753.
Type locality: Europe. '
Range: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey, and Alaska to Oregon; shores of the Great
Lakes.
378 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: South Arbor, ZamA 1112; Fairhaven,Piper, July 2, 1897; Coupe-
ville, Gardner 87; Port Ludlow, Binm, Septenilx^r 15, 1890; Fidalgo Jsl&nd, Lyall in 1858;
Bellinghain Bay, Suksdorf 1^823; Everett, Piper, July 9, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2528.
Zonal DisxRiBimoN: Humid Transition.
11. Lathynis coriaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 452. 1894.
Type ixxALm;': Wasatch Mountains, Utah.
Range: Washington to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Seattle, 0. Piper; Wenache, WAitet? 148; Ellensburg, Piper 272()
;
Whitfd, July 9, 1897; ToppenLsh and Tampico, Henderson 2.345; Topponisli, Henderson in
1892; North Yakima, LeeJcenby; base Mount Adams, Flett 1260, 12()0a; Klickitat River,
Henderson 2344; Wenache, Griffiths dk Cotton 147; Wenas, Griffiths db Cotton 106; Clealum
Lake, Cotton 843; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1208.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
12. Lathynis pauciflorus Fenmld, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894.
Lathyrus pannfolius S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 345. 1882, not Roth. 1797.
Lathynis shaffneri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 258. 1900.
Type locauty: Roseburg, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Nisqually Valley, Allen 132; west Klickitat County, Svksdorfm
1886; EUensburg, Piper 2679; Wenache Region, Brandegee 735; Wenache, Whited 1100;
Waitsburg, Homer 96; Wawawai, Piper, June 13, 1896; Lake dk HvU, June 4, 1892;
Almota, Piper 2797 and May 27, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
Suksdorf'8 specimens were distributed and lat*r listed as L. polynwrphus Nutt., a species
that does not reach our borders.
12a. Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 108. 1901.
Type locauty: Near Almota, Wa.shington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 23, 1886; Wenache,
Whited 127, 150, 2, 1107; Waitsburg, Horner 95; Almota, Elmer 52; Union Flat, Piper
2733; without locality, Fcwey in 1889; Wenaa, Griffiths <Ss Cotton SG; Wenache Mountains,
Griffiths <fc Cotton 129.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Lathyrus venosus Muhl. Suk.sdorf lists this species, but wc can discover no good
evidence that it occurs in the State.
GERANIACEAE. Geranium Family.
Leaves palmate, variously cleft or divided Geranium (p. 378)
.
Leaves pinnately compound (in ours) Erodium (p. 380)
.
GERANIUM.
Perennials; flowers large 1.6*. viscosissimum.
Annuals; flowers small.
Seeds reticulate or pitted.
Flowers deep purple ; seeds pitted .' 4. (?. dissectum.
Flowers pale purple; seeds reticulately ri-gc '.
Peduncles short; inflorescence compact 2.G. carolinianum.
Peduncles long; inflorescence loose 3.G. bicknellii.
Seeds smooth or nearly so.
Carpels canescent, not rugose 5.6. pusiUum.
Carpels glabrous, rugose Q.G. moUe.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 379
1. Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 11: Suppl. 18.
1846.
Geranium alhijlorum incisum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 206. 1838.
Geranium incisum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 206. 1838, as synonym, not Andrews, Bet.
Rep. 1 : pi. 67. 1797.
Type locality: "Hab. in America septentrionalis occidentali."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Rock Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 106; Fort Colville, ZyaZZ in 1860
Spokane, Sulcsdorf 262; Pullman, Hull 451; Piper 1646; Blue Mountains, Piper 2399
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 467; Tieton River, Cotton 457; Clarks Springs, Kreager 25
Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Colville Reservation, Griffiths <& Cotton 409; Squaw
Creek, Cotton 881; Easton, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Besides the typical form there are two others, one slender and canescent represented by
Cotton's 881 from Squaw Creek, the other densely short-pubescent represented by Whited,
Wenache, June, 1896; North Yakima, Leckenby, May 12, 1898, and Toppenish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892. The latter especially seems to be a good subspecies of Upper Sonoran
habitat.
2. Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 2: 682. 1753.
Type locality: Carolina.
Range: Throughout the United States and in Canada.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Beaver Creek, Whited 25, 66; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 2027; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2260; Almota, Piper 1828; Wawawai, Piper 1813; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 132; Loon Lake, Beattie cfc Chapman 2098.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Geraniiun bicknellii Britten, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 92. 1897.
Geranium carolinianum longipes S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 50. 1871, not Geranium
longipes DC. 1822.
Geranium nemorale Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monats. 16: 222. 1898.
Type locality: "Nova Scotia? Maine to western Ontario and southern New York."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Colorado, and New
York.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 41, 591; Vancouver, J. //oweZZ 422; west Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 2028; Tort Colville to Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Ophir, Elmer
527; Spokane, Dewart, June 5, 1901; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Lalce cfc Hull,
July 4, 1892; lone, Kreager 406; Clallam County, Elmer 2726; Cape Horn, Piper 5003.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Geranium dissectum L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 282. 1759.
Type locality: " Habitat in' Europa australiore."
Range: Vancouver Island to California; introduced from Europe.
Specimens examined: Lake Union, Suksdorf 1993; Tacoma, Fleit 50.
6. Geranium pusillum Burm. f. Spec. Bot. Ger. 27. 1759.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 40; Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 81; Van-
couver, J. Linell 21; Pullman, Hardunclc, July, 1895; Stuart Island, Lavyrence, 176, 180.
6. Geranium moUe L. Sp. PI. 2: 682. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Stuart Island, Lawrence 55.
380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
EHODIUM.
1. Erodium cicutariiim (L.) L'llcr.; Ait. Ilort. Kew 2: 41-t. 1789. Alfilaria.
Geranium cicutarium L. Sp. PI. 2: 680. 1753.
TiPE locauty: "Habitat in Europae stcrilibus cultis."
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountain.s, J. M. Grant in 1889; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton a37; Sjxikane, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Hull 452; Claiks
Springs, Kreager KKi, .573; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389.
This plant has been common in western Wi\shington for at least thirty years.
OXALIDACEAE.
OXALIS.
Caulescent ; flowers yellow 1. 0. 'pumUa.
Aoaulcscent; flowers whit*.
Scapes l-flowered ; capsule ovoid 2. 0. oregana.
Scapes several-flowered; capsule linear 3. 0. triUiifolia.
1. Oxalia pumUa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 212. 1838.
Oxalis sukudorjii Trelease, Mem. B<xst. Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 89. 1888.
Type ix)cality: "Forests of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon."
Range: Washington to middle California.
Specimens examined: Five miles north of Vancouver. Piper 4939.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Nuttall's statement that this occurs in the Rocky Mountains is surely an error.
2. Oxalis oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 211. 18.38.
Tjpe ux'ALiTi': "Shady woods of the Oregon in moist places." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Henderson, June, 1892; Skokomisli Valley, Kincaid,
May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley. Allen 84; Piper 2097; Tacoma, Flett 98; Cape Horn,
Suitsrfor/" 2451 ; Ilwaco, Pi/«r 49.59.
Zonal distkibution : Humid Transition and Canadian.
3. Oxalis triUiifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 118. 1830.
Type ix)cality: "North-West America, on the summits of the high mountains near the
Grand Rapids of the river Columbia; and also in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, ylZ/^n 85: Longmire Springs, Piper 2096;
Puyallup, Flett, August, 1897; Larm River, Suksdorf 10().
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
As this species is known only west of the Cascade Mountains, the latter part of ]3oiiglus'.s
type locality is doubtless an error.
LINACEAE. Flax Family.
LINUM.
Flowers large, blue.
^
Annual; stigmas as long as the styles 1 . L. vsiMissirnvm
.
Perennial; stigmas short 2. L. lewisii.
Flowers small, yellow; annual 3. L. digynvm.
1. Ldnum usitatissimum L. Sp. PI. 1: 277. 1753. Common flax.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July, 1895; Meyers Falls, Kreager 476.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 381
2. Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1 : 210. 1814.
Linum lyaHanum Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 25: 251. 1867.
Type locality: "In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains and on tlie banks of the Mis-
souri." Collected by Lewis.
Rang6: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to Texas and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ellensburg, Whited 428, 685;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 424; near Leavenworth, Whited, August, 1896; Pasco,
Ilindshaw 47; Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 198;
Parrots, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1648; Hidl 760; Elmer 814.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species was formerly confused with L. perenne L.
3. Linum digynum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868.
Type locality: "Mariposa Trail, Yosemite Valley," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Sp&ngh, SuJcsdorf'Hii; Pullman, Piper 1803.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
EUPHORBIACEAE. Euphorbia Family.
Flowers involucrate; capsule 3-celled Euphokbia.
Flowers not involucrate; capsule 1-ceIled, 1-seeded Piscakia.
EUPHORBIA.
Glands of the involucre bearing petal-like appendages; plants prostrate or
nearly so.
"* Herbage pubescent; seeds black 3. K. maculata.
Herbage glabrous; seeds gray.
Seeds with sharp transverse ridges 1. E. glyptosperma.
Seeds pitted and wrinkled 2. E. serpyllifolia.
Glands of the involucre not bearing petal-like appendages; stems erect.
Leaves filiform, very numerous; seeds smooth 5. A', cyparissias.
Leaves not filiform nor very numerous; seeds not smooth.
Seeds pitted ; leaves entire, oblong or obovate 4. E. peplus.
Seeds reticulated; leaves serrulate, spatulate 6. E. arlcansana.
1. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 187. 1859.
Euphorbia polygonifolia L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140.
Type locality: "Canada (Pursh) to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchewan. Drum-
mond. On Menzies Island and at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lyall, June, 1860; White Salmon, Sukadorf
489; White Bluff Ferry, Lake cfe Hull 641; Wenache, Whited 197, 1154; North Yakima,
Watt, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg db Leiberg 472; Lake Chelan. Lake & Hull 642;
Alrfiota, Piper 1816; Wawawai, Piper 1893, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August
21, 1902; Marcus, Kreager 461.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 14. 1807.
Type locality: "Hah. in Anier. calidiore."
Range: Washington to Wisconsin, south to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Fleit 25; Loomis, Elmer 602; Pullman, Piper 1543;
Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2a. Euphorbia serpyllifolia consanguinea Boisa. in DC. Prod. 16-: 43. 1862.
T^PE locality: Ad lacum Winnipeg (Bourgeau), in valle Missouri superioris (Neuwied),
territ. Nebraska (Hayden), Novo Mexico (Wright, Fendler), Kansas et Texas (ex Engelm.)
California (Engelm.).
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Switsdor/" 210.
3. Euphorbia maculata L. Sp. PI. 1 : 455. 175;3.
Type loc'ality: "Habitat in America septentrionali."
Range: Most of temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 25, 1902.
4. Euphorbia peplus L. Sp. PI. 1 : 456. 1753.
Type localiti-: European.
Specimens examined: East Seattle, Hind.shnw, June, 1897.
6. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Sp. PI. 1: 461. 1753.
Type loc;ality: "Habitat in Misnia, Bohemia, Helvetia, G. Narbonensi."
Specimens exa.mined: Pullman, Piper, June, 1897.
6. Euphorbia arkansana missouriensis Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 103. 1900.
Tupe locality: Randolph, Missouri.
Range: Washington to Minnesota, Kaasas, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla Region, Branilegee 1072; Almota, Lake tfe Hull 641;
Wawawai, Elmer 758.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Euphorbia platyphylla L. This European species was reported by Hooker « from the
"plains of the Columbia River," collected by Douglas, but there is no recent evidence of
such occurrenc*.
PISCAHIA.
1. Piscaria setigera (Hook.)
Eremocarpus setigerus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 53. pi. 26. 1844.
Crotonf setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 141. 1838.
Type locality: "Plentiful on Menzies' Island, and on sandy banks of the Columbia
upwards." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Bingen, Piper, September, 1903; Granddalles, Westgate 927.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
As pointed out by Coville, b Eremocarpus was first used for a genus of Ilypericaceae by
Reichenbach in 1837, and is therefore not availablfc for our plant. The new name is given
in allusion to the use of the plant by the Indians to stupefy fish by throwing quantities of
it in the streams. It is rather strange that the plant should first have been found at the
extreme northern point of its range.
CALLITRICHACEAE. Water Starwort Family.
CALLITRICHE.
Leaves all submersed, linear, 1-nerved 1. C. palustris.
Floating leaves obovate-spatulate, 3-nerved.
Styles about as long as the fruit 2. C. verna.
Styles twice as long as the fruit 3. C. holanderi.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140. 1838. b Contr. Jfat. Herb. 4: 194. 1893.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 383
1. Callitriche palustris L. Sp. PI. 2: 969. 1753.
CaUitriche,autumnalis L. Fl. Sueo. ed. 2. 2. 1755.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae fossis paludibus."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada. Europe.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Henderson 1862; mouth of the Columbia,
Scouler.
2. Callitriche verna L. Fl. Suer-. ed. 2. 2. 1755.
Type locality: European.
Range: Temperate regions of America, Europe, and Asia.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1012; North Yakima, Piper 1797; Mount
Rainier, AUen 185; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899.
3. Callitriche bolanderi Hegelm. Verli. Bot. Verein Brandenb. 10: 116. 1868.
Type locality: Auburn, California.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2779; Lake Cushman, Piper 2236;
Seattle, Piper, July 12, 1895; Usk, Kreager 352; Tacoma, Flett 2262.
EMPETRACEAE. Crowberry Family.
EMPETRTJM.
1. Empetrum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1022. 1753. Ckowberry.
Type locality: European.
Range: Arctic regions southward to Maine, Michigan, and Washington. Europe. Asia
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2051; Smith 1100; Copalis, Conard 409.
LIMNANTHACEAE. Buckbean Family.
FLOERKEA.
1. Floerkea proserpinacoides Wiild. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 3: 449.
1801.
FherTcea occidentalis Rydherg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 208. 1900.
Type locality: "In Pcnnsylvanien."
Range: Washington to Ontario southward to California, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Ellensl)urg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Klickitat River, Flett 1018;
without locality, Wilkes Expedition,.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ANACARDIACEAE. Cashew Family.
RHUS.
Fniit red, pubescent ; leaflets 11 to 31 \. R. glabra.
Fruit white, glabrous; leaflets 3.
Leaflets mostly subentire, the lateral ones pctioled 2. R. toxicodendron.
Leaflets mostly crenate, the lateral ones sessile 3. i?. diversiloba.
1. Rhus glabra occidentaHs Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 257. 1874. Sumac.
Rhiis occidentalis Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 86. 1905.
Type locality: "Banks of rivers, near Fort Okanagan and Fort Vancouver; also on
tlie Kooskooskee."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Near Wenache, Whited 56; Columbus, Sulcsdorf 2454; Morgam
Ferry, Sulcsdorf 265; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 42£;
Almota, Lake & Hull 448; Wawawai, Lake cfc Hull 448; Elmer 872; Piper 1654; Waitsburg,
384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Horner 393; without locality, Vasey 213; Clarks Springs, Kreager 121; Spokane, Kreager
552; Prasscr, Cotton 622; Kiona, Cotton 729.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
2. Bhus toxicodendron L. Sp. PI. 1: 266. 17.53. Poison ivt.
Khuji rydherffii Small, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 268. HKX).
Type ixx-autv: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Sc-otia, .-southward to Arizona and Florida.
Speclmens e.\.\.mined: Wonache, Wliited 241; Yakima, I^ckenby, Juno, 189S; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf2G3; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Hangman Crock, Suksdorf
264; Wawawai, Lake 447; Spokane, Kreager 538; without locality, Vnsey in 1889.
Zonal distribittion: Upper Sonoran.
The western plant seems never to climb trees or walls, but is a low, orwt, or decumbent
sTirub. Without better distinctions than this we see no roa.son (ov considering it a distinct
8pe<Mes, as has l)een done by Small.
Professor Greene, however, not only considers R. rydbergn Small aus well founded, but
prop<wes thn»e additional now species for Wjusbington plants under tlu> generic name
Toxicodendron," namely, T. hesperium, founded on Whited's 24! T. lobadionles, ami T.
coriaceum, the two latter founded on specimens collected by Suksdorf.
3. Bhus diversiloba Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 218. 1838. Poison oak.
Rhug lobata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 127. 1830, not Poir. 1804.
Type ixK^ALnr: "Oregon." C<»lloctcd by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast rogioas.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Pi/xr, July, 1895; S«'attle, Pi/ier in 1887; l^nion
City, Piper in 1900; Tacoma, FleU 141.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
"Rhus AROMATICA Ait. var." Suksdorf thus lists a species of the occuneiico of which
in Washington there is no direct evidence. Rhus trilobaia occurs in southern Oregon, but
probably does not reach Washington.
CELASTRACEAE. Stafftrkk Family.
Stamens 4 or 5, as many a-s tlu; petals antl sepals.
Deciduous shrub; flowers .'>-morous" EuoNYMUS.
Evei^reen shrub; flowers 4-!norous Paciiistima.
Stamens 10; flowers 5-merous Forselle.sia.
EUONYMUS.
1. Euonymus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 74. 1856.
TvPE ixk'ALITY: "Oregon in dark woods." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Seven miles east of Vancouver, Gorman in 1905.
PACHISTIMA.
1. Pachistima myrsioites (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Teilur. 42. 1838.
Ilexl myrsinites Pursh, Fl. 1: 119. 1814.
Myginda myrtifolia Nutt. Gen. 1 : 109. 1818. ~"
Oreophila myrtifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 :259. 1838.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountains and near the Pacific Ocean " Collected
by Lewis. The exact spot in the Rocky Mountains is on the Lolo Trail near Hungry [IjoIo]
Creek, North Idaho.
a Greene, Leaflets 1: 118-120. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 385
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Near Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 97; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 106; along Twisp River, Whited 201; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
742; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1335; Skamania County, SuJcsdorf 2452; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull 761; Blue Mountains, 7/orner 428; Olympic Mountains, j^Zmer 2752; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 286.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Transition.
FORSELtiESIA.
1. Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) Greene, Rrythea 1: 206. 1893.
Olossopetalon spinescens A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: .29. pi. 1'2. 1853.
Type locality: "In a mountain ravine near Frontera, New Mexico."
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Whitman County, Washington, near Lewiston, Hunter 46.
Zonal distribltion: Upper Sonoran.
ACERACEAE. Maple Fajhily.
ACER. Maple.
Flowers in racemes; fruit hispid \. A. macrophyUum.
Flowers in corymbs; fruit glabrous.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed; fruit wings somewhat spreading 2. yl. douglasii.
Leaves 7 to 9-lohed; fruit wings widely spreading 3. .4. circinatum.
1. Acer macrophyllura Pursh, Fl. 1: 267. 1814. Oregon maple.
Type locality: "On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River." Collected
by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 42; Nisqually Valley, ylWen 114; SWverton, Bouck
39; Fesh&stin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 501; Peshastin Canyon, Wafeon; Lake Chelan, Lake
& Hull 450; Bingen, Suksdorf 35; without locality, Vasey 225, 226; Clallam County,
Elmer 2836; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 219.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Acer douglasii Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 77. pi. 6. 1847.
Acer glabrum douglasii Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 114. 1901.
Type locality: "Near springs of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Colum-
bia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue Mountains, Oregon, northeastward into west Montana and northwest-
ward to British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 449; Nisqually Valley, Allen 212;
Mount Rainier, Piper 52; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1022; Tampico, Flett 1200; Hoods-
port, Piper 1017; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 156; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August, 1892 ; wit hout locality, Vasey 229, 230 ; Davis ranch, Kreager
311; Wenas, Griffiths d; Cotton 96.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
3. Acer circinatum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 267. 1814. Vine maple.
Type locality: "On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River." Collected
by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3859; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1034a; Ta-
coma, Flett 41; upper Nisqually YaWey, Mllen 115; Silverton, Bouck 38; Yakima Pass,
29418—06 M 25
386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Watson 73; ^^^lite Salmon, Suksdotf 26\ ; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lj/a/Z in 1859;
Stehekin, WhiUd 1408; Nason Creek, Sandberg it Ltiberg 624; without locality, Vasey
227, 228; Clallam County, Elmer 2835; Stehekin, (h-ijliths d- Cotton 221.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
IMPATIENTACEAE. Balsam Family.
IMPATIENS. .Ikwki.wkf.I).
Posterior .sepal not spum>d 1 . /. ecalcarata.
Posterior .sepal spurred.
Corolla orange-yellow; .saccate s«'pnl lon>;cr than broad 2. /. hijhra.
Corolla pale-yellow; saccate sepal iiuuh longer than broad 3. /. nolitangere.
1. Impatlens ecalcarata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 85. 1905.
Type U)cality: Montana, "about half a mile east of Plains, Missoula County."
Range: Wa.shington to Montana.
Specimens examinkd: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 18()().
2. Impatiens biflora Walt. Fl. Car. 219. 178S.
Imjxititnxfulva Xutt. Gen. 1: 14(). ISIS.
Impatiens aurella RydlxMg, Bull. Ton-. Club 28: 31. 1901.
Ti-PE ux:ality: Carolina.
Ranue: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Kan.sas and Mississippi.
Specimens e.xamined: Columi)ia \'alley, Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, llendernon, July, 1892;
RcK-k Lake, Ijike & Hull 453; Spokane, Piper 2384; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1837;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 472.
3. Impatiens nolitangere L. Sp. PI. 2: 938. 1753.
TS'PE ixXAi.iri': "Habitat in Europae, Canadae nemoribus.
"
Range: Ala-ska to Washington. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Deming, FUtt
853; North Fork of Nook-sack River, Suksdorf ^m.
2jOnal distribution: Canadian.
This species is undoubtedly native, not introduced as indicated in the Synoptical Flora.
RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family.
Fruit a drupe ; flowers solitary or umlx-iled Rhamnus.
Fruit a dry capsule; flowers paniculate Ceanothus.
RHAMNUS.
Shrub; petals wanting; leaves nearly glabious beneath 1.7?. alnifolia.
Tree; petals present; leaves downy beneath 2. R. purshiana.
1. Bhamnus alaifolia L'Her. Sert. Angl. 5. 1788.
TiPE locality: "In America septentrionale."
Range: British Columbia to Maine, southward to California, Wyoming, and Now Jersey.
Specimens examined: Manshail Junction, Piper 2250; near Spangle, Suksdorf 2453;
Box Canyon, Kreager 393.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. Bhamnus purshiana DC. Prod. 2: 25. 1825. Cascara sagrada.
Rhamnus alnifolia Pur.sh, Fl. 1 : 166. 1814. Not L'Her.
Type ix)cality. "On the banks of the Kooskooskee" [Clearwater], Idaho. The exact
spot where Lewis collected the type is Camp Chopunish, opposite Ramiah.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Califoiriia.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 387
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3885; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 126; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Ujall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake & Hull 445; Pullman, Pi-per 1871; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Wa-
wawai. Piper 3817, 3816; without locality, Vasey 215, 216; without locality, Cooper 1854;
Spokane, Kreager 554; Clallam County, Elmer 2661.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
CEANOTHUS.
Leaves opposite, dentate; procumbent shrub 1. C. prostratus.
Leaves alternate; erect shrubs.
Evergreen; leaves varnished 2. C. velutinus.
Deciduous; leaves serrate; flowers white 3. C. sanguineus.
Deciduous; leaves subentirc; flowers usually blue. 4. C. integerrimus.
1. Ceanothus prostratus Benth. PI. Hartw. 302. 1848.
Type locality: " In montibus Sacramento, " California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 644, 343; Klickitat Valley, HoweU,
May, 1878; Klickitat County, Brandegee 693.
2. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 125. 1830. Sticky Laurel.
Type locality: '"Subalpine hills near the source of the Columbia; and at the Kettle
Falls." Collected by Douglas. The latter locality is in Stevens County, Washington.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado, and Dakota.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, WhitedWQ^; Cedar Mountains, fi'Zmer 800;
Tacoma, Flett 173; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 962; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Whited
406; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 477; Kettle Falls, Douglas: Kamiak Butte, Sand-
berg, Heller cb MacDougal 501 ; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; without locaUty, Vasey 221;
Box Canyon, Kreager 387; Clealum Lake, Cotton 859.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal specimen has been published as C. velutinus laevi-
gatus Torr. & Gv.,a but it is better referred to the species.
3. CeanotlLus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. 1: 167. 1814. Buckbrush.
Ceanothus oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 265. 1838.
Type locality : " Rocky Mountains on the banks of the Missouri. " Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Nisqually Valley, ylKen 111;
Wenache Mountains, Whited, June23, 1901 and 1233; Falcon Valley, (Swfcc^o?/ 107 ; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper, July 14, 1899; Trout Lake, Flett 1208; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 628; Kamiak Butte,
Piper, July 20, 1899; Blue Mountains, LaJce <& Hull, July, 1892; Easton, Whited 403;
Clallam County, Elmer 2659, 2660.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The actual type specimen of this species is probably the sheet from the Lambert Her-
barium, now in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This is labeled "Ceanothus atro-
purpureus. Near the foot of the Rocky Mountains on Collins Creek, June 27, 1806." Collins
Creek is in Idaho, now known as Lolo Creek.
4. Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 329. 1839-40.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf \0; Dalles [on the Washington
side?] Lyall, Suckley; Bingen, Piper, September, 1903.
aContr. Nat. Herb. 3: 218. 1895.
388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
According to Dr. E. L. Greene a the type of C. inUgerrimus proves to be the same as C.
andersonii Parry. On this account the name C. nei'adcnsis Kellogg is taken up for the
Californian plant, while the Washington and northern Oregon plant is considered a distinct
species C. peduncularis Greene. &
MALVACEAE. Mallow Family.
Style branches filiform.
Stamens .simply monadelphous ; bractlets 3 Malva.
Stamens imited in two series; bractlets none Sidalcea.
Style branches each tipped with a capitate stigma.
Ovules 1 to 3 in each cell, ascending Sphaebalcea.
Ovules solitary, pendulous SiDA.
MALVA.
Leave-s H to 9-lobed ; carpels puberulent 1. M. rotumlifolia.
Cauline leaves dissected ; carpels very hairy 2. M. moschata.
1. Malva rotundifoUa L. Sp. PI. 2: 688. 1753. Mallow.
Ti'PE locality: "Habitat in Europae ruderatis, viis, plateis."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Colfa;;, Hardvnck, August,
1895; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 28, 1902; Port Crescent, Lawrence 294.
2. Malva moschata L. Sp. PI. 2: 690. 1753. Musk mallow.
Ti'PE localittl': "Habitat in Italia, Gallia."
Specimens examined: Montesano, UeUer 4030; Puyallup, Piper, September, 1895.
Malva borealis Wallm. is included by Suksdorf in his list. Wo have seen no Wash-
ington specimens.
SIDALCEA.
Flowers red; mature carpels smooth 1. S. hendertionii.
Flowers pink ; mature carpels rugose.
Calyx canescent ; stems pulwrulent 2. iS. pregana.
Calyx pubescent ; stems hirsute 3. 5. campestris.
1. Sidalcea hendersonii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 262. 1888.
Type locality: Clatsop Bay, Oregon. Collected by Henderson.
Range: Seacoast, Vancouver Island to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, G'arrfner, 58; Hoquiam, Lami 1218; near Everett,
CToj/pooZ, September, 1895; Seattle, Pi>er 723; Everett, Piper 4915.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Sidalcea oregana A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 20. 1848.
Sida oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 234. 1838.
Type locality: "West side of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, (Suisdor/" 2448; Falcon Valley, SM^s^Zor/"," July
20, 1886, and 2446; west Klickitat County, -S'M;t.sdor/'2447, 2449; Klickitat River, FZe« 1014;
Ellensburg, Whited 486; Tieton River, CoUon 458; Coulee City, Lalce & Hull, August, 1892;
Henderson 2433; Blue Mountains, near Waitsburg, Piper, 2396; Cow Creek, Griffiths &
Cotton 534.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The plant listed by Suksdorf as "8. spicata Greene?" seems to be referable to S. oregana.
a Leaflets 1 : 65. 1904. b Leaflets 1 : 67. 1904.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 389
3. Sidalcea carapestris Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1 : 76. 1885.
Sidalcea asplenifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 158. 1897.
Type ix)CALITy: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Kange: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenas River, Henderson,
June 17, 1892, 2436; between Wenache and EUensburg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Peshas-
tin, Sandberg & Leiberg 586; Pullman, Piper 1644, 1645; Lake & Hull 428; Hendermn 2434;
Union Flat, Hull 428; Medical Lake, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SPHAERALCEA.
Flowers scarlet; leaves canescent \. S. munroana.
Flowers rose-red; leaves not canescent.
Calyx lobes acute; pedicels short 2. S. rividaris.
Calyx lobes long-acuminate; pedicels long 3. S. longisepala,
1. Spliaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spacli, Hist. Veg. 3: 353. 1834.
Malva munroana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1306. 1830.
Type locality: "Upon the barren plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Nevada and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1120; Elmer 526; North Yakima, Piper 1819;
Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Yakima River, Suksdorf 259; Columbia
River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 390; Prosser, Henderson, May,
1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 3; Piper 2991; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman,
May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 759; junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 276; Coulee City, Piper 3846; Soap Lake, JfcZ^a?/ 9; Washtucna, E'Zmer 1040; oppo-
site mouth Wenache, Watson, October 14, 1880.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Sphaeralcea rivularis (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 23. 1848.
Malva rivularis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 107. 1830.
Sphaeralcea acerifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 228. 1838.
Type locality: "Common on the banks in North-West America, from the ocean to the
Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 43° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount
Adams, Flett 1015; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Naches Valley, Henderson, June,
1892; Wenache, Whited 225; Meyers Falls, Kreager 600; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, 427;
Almota, Piper 1790; Wawawai, Piper 1643; Blue Mountains, Piper 2413; Lake <& Hull
427; Guy, Elmer 42; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Sphaeralcea longisepala Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 255. 1874.
Type locality: " Upper Columbia, Washington Territory." Collected by the Wilkes
Expedition.
Range: Kittitas and Chelan counties, Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 430; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1291; banks of Columbia near mouth of Wenache, Tweedy 918; Brandegee 692.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
SIDA.
1. Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 23. 1848.
Malva hederacea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1830.
Malva plicata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 227. 1838.
Sida obligua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 233. 1838.
390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ti'PE locality: "In the interior districts of the Cohiinbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Texa^s.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Douglax, according to Hooker.
It is not certain that this species really occwi-s in Washington limits, though the alwve
specimen was apparently collected by Douglas at old Fort Walla Walla.
HYPERICACEAE. St. Johnswokt Family.
HYPERICUM. St. Johnswokt.
Plants low, forming dense mats.
Alpine; leaves crowded; flowei-s .solitary 2. TI. bryophytum.
Not alpine; leaves not crowded: flowers often several I. II. anagalloides.
Plants ere<"t, simple or nearly so.
Stamens ~y to 10; stems about 'M) cm. high \\. II. canadenne.
Stamens numerous; stems tall.
Sepals acuminate; capsule not lobed 4. 77. perforatum.
Sf'pals obtuse: capsule .'i-lolu'd o. 77. scouleri.
1. Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schleclit. Linnaea 3: 127. 1828.
Type locality: San Franci.sco, California.
Ran(JE: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Woodlawn, Ilender-sov, June 22, 1892;
Montesano, Heller 3916.
Zonal DisTRfBUTiON: Humid Transition.
la. Hypericum anagalloides nevadense Greene, Fl. Fran. 113. 1891.
Type loc.vlity: "Foothills of the Sierra."'
Ranoe: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Pi;>fr 26.50.
2. Hypericum bryophytum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: fiO. 1{X)3.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Collected by
Elmer.
Range: Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2833; Big Creek Prairie, Iximh 1399;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Bridge Creek, Klnier, September, 1897;
Horseshoe Basin, Lake tfc Hull 783; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 117; Nason Creek, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 607; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Hypericum canadense majus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 86. 1867.
Type locality: Lake Superior.
Range: Washington to New Bninswick, south to Texas and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper 111.5.
4. Hypericum perforatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 785. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Suksdorf; Piper, July 14, 1899.
6. Hypericum scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 111. 1830.
Hypericum formosum scouleri Coult. Bot. Gaz. 11: 108. 1886.
Typ^ locality: "Abundant in dry gravelly soils and limestone rocks on the North-West
coast of America, near the Columbia." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 120, 90; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895;
Montesano, Heller 4037; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Columbia River, LyaU in
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 391
1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 361; Wenache, Whited 1253; Ellensburg, Whited
499; Tieton River, Cotton 454; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mission,
Kreager 486; valley of Columbia below the Chelan, Watson, October 14, 1880; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 880; Piper 1653; Hull 6.56; Tukanon Eiver,
Lake cfe Hull, July, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 693; Clealum Lake, Cotton 853.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
ELATINACEAE. Waterwort Family.
Plants glabrous; flowers parts 2 to 4 Elatine.
Plants pubescent ; flower parts 5 Bergia.
ELATINE.
Flower parts 2 or 3; seeds nearly straight \. E. tnandra.
Flower parts 4; seeds strongly curved 2. E. californica.
1. Elatine triandra Schkuhr, Handb. 1: 345. pi 109b. f. 2. 1791.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Illinois, Nebraska, Wyoming, Washington. Europe.
Specimens examined: Usk, Kreager 367.
2. Elatine californica A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 361, 364. 1878.
Type locality: "In Sierra Valley, on the Sierra Nevada, alt. 5000 feet," California.
Collected by Lemnion.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, 5«ts(ior/" 2.58; Spokane, Pi/J^r 2643.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
BERGIA.
1. Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub.; Walp. Repert. 1: 285. 1842.
Merimea texana Hook. Ic. 3: pi. 278. 1840.
Elatine texana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 678. 1840.
Type locality: Texas. Collected by Drummond.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: We.st Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9.59, 618; Almota, Piper,
September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
VIOLACEAE. Violet Family.
VIOLA. Violet.
Acaulescent.
Flowers small, white 1. V. macloskeyi.
Flowers larger, violet.
Lateral petals bearded at base; rootstocks thick.
Plants not stoloniferous; stipules small.
Herbage glabrous 2. V. nephrophylla.
Herbage hirsute or villous 3. F. cuspidata.
Plants stoloniferous; stipules large 4. F. langsdorfii.
Lateral petals beardless; rootstocks long and slender 5. F. palustris.
Caulescent,
Flowers yellow.
,
Stems prostrate, .stolon-like; leaves evergreen.
Leaves cordate; leafy branches producing petaliferous
flowers 6. F. sempervirens.
392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves reniform; leafy branches producing only cleisto-
- gamous flowei-s 7. V. orhiculata.
Stems erect, not stoloniferous; loaves not evergreen.
Leaves palmatcly dissected 11. V. shdtonii.
Leaves not dissected.
Herbage pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to ovate, sub-
entire 8. V. nutiaRii.
Herbage glabrous.
Leaves ovate, veined, sinuate-dentate or lobed. . 9. V. 'jenosa.
Leaves cordate or reniform, acuminate 10. V. glabella.
Flowers blue or violet.
Leaves dissected into narrow lobes 12. V. innermta.
Lt^aves cordate, not dissected.
Stipules scarious, entire.
Leaves cordate, acuminate 13. V. canadenna.
Leaver reniform, obtuse 14. V. fettii.
Stipules herbaceous, at least some of them serrate or in-
cised.
Leaves usually brown-dotted, at least beneath;
stipules all serrate or laciniate.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so 16. V. adunca.
Herbage pubescent, the pubescence retrorse... 17. V . retroscabra.
Leaves dotless; cauline stipules entire 15. V. howellii.
1. Viola macloskejri Lloyd, Erythea 3: 74. 1895.
Type locality: " In the Cascades, Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, Flett 108,2222; Olympia, Henderson 2054.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species has commonly, been referred to V. blanda Willd., but it seems distinct.
2. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896.
Viola cognata Greene, Pittonia 3: 145. 1896.
Viola suhjuncta Greene, Pittonia 5: 31. 1902.
Type locality: "Valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine, south to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Columbus, Sukadorf, April
13, 1886; Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; North Yakima, Piper 1836; Henderson 2500;
Rock Lake, Piper 2798; Medical Lake, Sandberg tfe Leiberg 56.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314. 1898.
Type locality: Rock County, Wisconsin.
Range: Washington to Wisconsin.
Specimens examined: Pend Oreille River, LyaU in 1861.
4. Viola langsdorfii Fischer; DC. Prod. 1: 296. 1824.
Type locality: " In insula Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Port Crescent, Lawrence 273.
5. Viola palustris L. Sp. PI. 2: 934. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Colorado and the White Mountains. Europe,
Asia.
PIPEK—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 393
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2794; Olympic Mountains, Piper,
August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 1017; Tacoma,
Flett 88; Nisqually Valley, Allen 57; Westport, Lamb 1097; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
July 12, 1886; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878; Silverton, Bouck 25; Wenache Moun-
tains, Elm^r 442; Mount Rainier, Flett 2178.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
6. Viola sempervirens Greene, Pittonia 4: 8. 1899.
Viola sarmentosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 80. 1830, not Bieb. 1808-1819.
Type locality: "Near Fort Vancouver and in the high grounds of Lewis and Clarks
River, N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3888; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Silverton,
Bouck 25; Whidby Island, Piper, April, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 56; without
locality, Henderson, May, 1892; Walla Walla, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Viola orbiculata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 73. 1847.
Viola sarmentosa orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 199. 1895.
Type locality: Coeur d'Alene Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, //orner- 60; Usk, Kreager 369.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
8. Viola nuttallii Pursh, Fl. 1 : 174. 1814.
Viola linguaefolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 141. 1838.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 248; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
without locality. Cooper; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane Valley, Lyall in
1861; Roy, Allen, May 6, 1889; Waterville, Whited 1216; Pullman, Hull 418; Spangle,
Suksdorf 248.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A very variable species and possibly, as here eccepted, a complex of several. More field
study and abundant specimens are necessary to clear up this matter.
8a. Viola nuttallii praemorsa (Dougl.).
Viola praemorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 125Jt. 1829.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Columbia, and the plains of the River Aguilar,
in California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 30; Tacoma, Flett 17.
8b. Viola nuttallii major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 79. 1830.
Viola glareosa Dougl.; Hook, loc cit. as synonym.
Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 405. 1897.
Type locality: "Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the
Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 58; Spokane, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 47;
near Almota, Piper 1715; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897.
9. Viola venosa (S. Wats.).
Viola aurea venosa S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 56. 1876.
Viola nuttallii venosa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 35. 1871.
Viola praemorsa venosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 200. 1895.
Type locality: ' ' In the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually
near the snow line."
394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandetjee 648; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf in
1878; Falcon Valley, Suksdotf, May 9, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1()63: Blue Mountains.
Piper 2432.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
10. Viola glabella Nutt.; Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 1: 142. 1838.
TiPE ux-auty: "Shady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens e.kamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2796; Silverton, Bouck 27; Paradise Val-
ley, Flett 290; upper Ni-squally Valley, Allen .5.5; Skokoniish Valley, /lmrai</, May 11, 1892;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 24, 1886; Wenachc .Mountains, Wkited 1244; Colum-
bia woods, Nuttall; Pend Oreille River, LyaJl in 1861 ; without locality. Cooper; Mount Carl-
ton. Kreager 204, 2.53; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; llwaco, Piper 4918.
Zonal distribition : Canadian, rarely Transition.
11. Viola sheltoni Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 67 18.56.
Type uk-auty: Yuba, California.
Range: Wa.shington to California.
Specimens examined: White Salmon Valley, <S«Jts(i!or/\5.
12. Viola trinervata Howell; A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. 1886.
Viola heckwithii trinennta Howell, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207. 188.3.
Viola chrysantha glaberrima Torr. Ik)t. Wilkes Exped. 238. 1874, not Viola hastata glaber-
rima Ging. 1824.
Type locality: Near Goldcndale, Washington.
Range: Central Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: Goldcndale, IlouvU .59; Ellensburg, Wkited 264; North Yakima,
Watt in 1892; Piper, April, 1903; Ileiuhrson, May 27, 1892; Kittitas Mountain. Wkited 10;
Klickitat, HovxU, April, 1882, 1878; North Yakima, Nevius, March, 1889; Simcoe Moun-
tains, Sui-«dor/' 249; between Spipen and Co\\xmh\a., Pickering & Brackenridge; Klickitat
River, Flett 1062; Waterville, Whiled 121.5; Coulee City, Piper 3865.
Zonal distribition: Upper Sonoran.
13. Viola canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 936. 1753.
Viola geminifiora, Greene, Pittonia 6: 29. 1902.
Type locality: Canada.
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Arizona and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, Sandberg c& Leiherg 672.
14. Viola flettii Piper, Erythea 6: 69. 1898.
Type locality: Near Mount Coastance, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Collected by
Flett.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fletl 106, July 20, 1897, August, 1898; Hen-
derson 1847; Mount Elinor, Jennie V . Getty, August, 1602.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
16. Viola howellii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.
Viola suhcordata Greene, Pittonia 3: 316. 1898.
Type locality: "Damp fir woods in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon." Collected by
Howell.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Ca.scade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 28, 29; Seattle, Piper 1020; Meany 237;
Tacoma, Flett 80, 107; Coupeville, Gardner 31 ; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892: Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 395
16. Viola adunca Smith; Rees' Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817.
Viola longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 140. 1838.
Viola canina adunca A. Gray; Proc. Am. Acad. 8:377. 1872.
Type locality: "From the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2795; Orcas Island, Lyall 1861; Muckle-
shoot. Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Smith, May 3, 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 2138 in part; Monte-
s&no, Heller 3928; Westport, Lamb 1102; Rockland, Suksdorf, AprU 10, 1858; Klickitat
River, Flett 1061; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 522; Roy, Allen, May 3, 1889; White Bluff
Ferry, Lalce & Hull, August 10, 1892; Yakima, Leckenhy, April 22. 1898; Mrs. Steinweg;
Ellensburg, Whited 274, 346, 366; Badger Mountain, Whited 1217; Fort Colville, Lyall 1861
;
Spangle, Suksdorf 246; without locality, Vasey 202; Rock Creek, Piper 2795; Spokane,
Piper, May 8, 1898, 2824; Sandberg& Leiberg 33; Pullman, Piper 1714, Elmer 123, Hall 417;
Waitsburg, Horner 55, 54.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.
A very variable species. The alpine forms especially are aberrant and perhaps consti-
tute a different species.
16a. Viola adunca oxyceras (S. Wats.)
Viola canina oxyceras S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 56. 1876.
Type locality: "In the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Valley, and near Donner Pass."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson 2501.
17. Viola retroscabra Greene, Pittonia 4: 290. 1901.
Type locality: Southern Colorado.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper
2138 in part; Allen, July, 1892; Methow River, Whited 185; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 523;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 739.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Viola tricolor L., the garden pansy occasionally occurs as an escape.
Viola hallii Gray, listed by Suksdorf, probably does not grow within our limits.
LOASACEAE. Loasa Family.
MENTZELIA.
Biennials; flowers large; placentae with 2 rows of ovules, which are separated by horizontal
lamellae.
Petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long; capsule 1.5 cm. long \. M. brandegei.
Petals 5 to 6 cm. long; capsules 3 cm. long 2. M. laevicaulis.
Annuals; flowers small; placentae each with a single row of ovules; no
horizontal lamellae.
Leaves pinnatifid; seeds tuberculate, the angles obtuse 3. Af . albicaulis.
Leaves not pinnatifid; seeds not tuberculate.
Seeds nearly smooth with grooved angles; leaves ovate, entire
or sinuate-dentate •. A. M . integrifolia.
Seeds sharply angled and pitted; leaves linear, entire 5. M. tenerrima.
1. Mentzelia brandegei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 367. 1885.
Type locality: "Near the Simcoe Mountains on the mesa bordering Satus Creek."
Washington. Collected by Brandegee.
Range: Known only by the type collection.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 792.
396 CONTKIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 535. 1840.
Bartonia laevicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 221. 1833.
fBartonia parvijlora Dougl. loc. cit.
Type locality: "On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the. Columbia, near the
'Great Falls;' flowering in June and July. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 1679; Wenache, Whited 24;
North Yakima, Watt, August, .1895; Parker, Cotton 433; Coulee City, Lake c& Hull 439;
Egbert Springs, Sandherg <k Leiberg 378; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896, July, 1894; Loon
Lake, Wiiiston, July 20, 1897; Waitsburg, Homer 312; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Almota* Piper, August, 1894; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 329; Prosser, Cotton 808; Moses Lake,
Cotton 611.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.
Bartonia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.
Type localiti': "On arid sandy plains of the river Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California, Nebraska, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1122; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Flett
1041 ; Ellensburg, Piper 2682; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
"Barren grounds of the Columbia," Douglas; Pa-sco, Hiruhhaw 7; Pii^er 2975; Ritzville,
Sandherg d; Leiberg 160; Clarks Springs, Kreager 115; Moses Lake, Cotton 615.
2k>NAL distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. MentzeHa integrifolia (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1901.
Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 114. 1871.
Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 137. 1876.
Type locality: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1121; Tumwater
Canyon, Sandherg <fc Leiberg 519; Eilensbui-g, Elmer, July, 1897; Piper 2739; Spokane, Piper
1846; Leiberg 20; Marshall Junction, Piper 2252; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wawa-
wai. Lake dk Hull 586; Wenas, Cotton 84.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
6, Mentzelia tenerrima Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1900.
Type locality: "Foot of Electric Peak," Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1017.
CACTACEAE. Cactus Family.
Plants jointed, the segments flat ; leaves subulate and deciduous Opuntia .
Plants globose or ovoid, tubercled Cactus.
OPUNTLA.. Prickly pear.
Joints tumid, ovate, rarely3 cm. long 2. O.fragilis.
Joints compressed, orbicular, or elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long.
Seeds 5 or 6 mm. broad 1.0. polyacantha.
Seeds 4 mm. broad la. 6>. polyacantha borealis.
1. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 82. 1819.
Cactus ferox Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818, not Willd. 1809.
Opuntia niissouriensis DC. Prod. 3: 472. 1828.
Type locality: "In arid situations on the plains of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to North Dakota, south to Arizona and New Mexico.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 397
Specimens examined: Kennewick, Piper; Morgans Ferry, Suhsdorf ^XA; Walla Walla to
Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Almota, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
la. Opuntia polyacantha b.orealis Coulter, Contp. Nat. Herb. 3: 436. 1896.
Ojmntia missouriensis microsperma Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 46. 1856, not
0. mesacantha microsperma Engelm.
Type locality: "On the Missouri about Fort Pierre."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and South Dakota.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1897; Sucia Island, Randolph.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 82. 1819.
Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818.
Type locality: "From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile but moist situations,"
probably in North Dakota.
Range: South Dakota to British Columbia and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Chelan County, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 444, July 13,
1893.
Zonal distribution: Probably Upper Sonoran.
CACTUS.
1. Cactus sp. indet.
Specimens examined: Sentinel BlufFs, Cotton, July 14, 1903; Wenache Mountains, Cot-
ton 1570; Near Egbert Springs, according to Leiherg.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species is quite certainly new, but can not be satisfactorily described at present.
ELEAGNACEAE. Oleaster Family.
LEPARGYREA.
1. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. Buffalo berry.
Hippophae canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 1024. 1753.
Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 240. 1818.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New York.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Piper 2806, September,
1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 264; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Semiamoo Bay,
Lyall in 1858-59; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2117; ConconuUy,
Whited 1326; Griffiths <& Cotton 316; Box Canyon, Kreager 400.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
In Gorman's paper on the Washington Forest Reserve appears the name Lepargyrea
argentea. Mr. Gorman informs me, however, that the plant is really L. canadensis.
LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family.
Calyx tube cylindric, striate Lytiirum.
Calyx tube campanulatc.
Capsule bursting irregularly Ammannia.
Capsule septicidally dehiscent Rotala.
LYTHRUM.
1. Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 447. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Germaniae, Helvetiae, Angliae, Gallia inundatus."
Range: Maine to New Jersey. Washington to California. Introduced from Europe.
398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, St/tsdor/"971; Seattle, S/ni^A 100; Piper 1049,
July, 1895.
This was included in Suksdorf's list «is L. album 11. B. K. The sptnies has long been
established and appears native.
AMMANNIA.
1. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Pi. llort. llavn. lX\sfr. 7. 1773.
Ammannia latifdia Torr. &Gr. Fl. 1: 480. 1840.
Type locauty: Not ascertained.
Range: Washington to Indiana and Florida. Central and South America.
Specimens e.xamined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1720.
ROTALA.
1. Botala ramosior (L.) Koehne: Mart. Fl. Bras. 13*: 194. 1874.
Amtnannia ramosior L. Sp. PI. 1: 120. 1753.
Ammannia humilia Michx. Fl. 1: 99. 1803.
Type uk-amty: Virginia.
Range: Washington to Massachusetts, southward to Central and South America.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, />«ilY<f //w//, August, 1892; Spokane County, SwA:s-
dorf 3(Ki; Spokane, Piper 2644; Almota, Pi>t, SeptenilK>r, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonornn.
ONAGRACEAE. Evening Primkose Family.
Parts of the flower in twos; fruit indehiscent • Circa ea (p. 399).
Parts of flower in fours.
Fruit few-seeded, nut-like; leaves alternate Gauka (p. 399).
Fruit many-seeded.
Calyx limb divided to the ovary, persistent, petals ,
minute or wanting Isnardia (p. 399).
Calyx limb deciduous; petals conspicuous.
Seeds comose; lower leaves mostly opposite Epilx)bium (p. 399).
Seeds naked, not comose; leaves all alternate.
Anthers versatile.
Stamens of equal length.
Stigmas deeply 4-cleft, the IoIk-s
linear.
Ovules in 1 row; flowers yellow. Oenothera (p. 407).
Ovules in 2 rows; flowers pink. A.ncxjka (p. 407).
Stigmas entire or nearly so.
Calyx-tube longer than the
ovary, flowers large Taraxia (p. 405).
Calyx-tube shorter than the
ovary; flowers small Sphaerostigma (p. 405).
Stamens of unequal length, the outer
ones longest.
Annuals, small-flowered; caulescent. Gayophytum (p. 407).
Biennials; large-flowered, acaules-
cent.
Capsule 4-angled; seeds grooved
on one side Pachylophus (p. 408).
Capsule 4-winged; seeds not
grooved Lavauxia (p. 409).
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 399
Anthers not versatile.
Petals sessile.
Calyx lobes reflexed; petals entire. .. . Godetia (p. 409).
Calyx lobes erect; petals 2-lobed Boisduvalia (p. 410).
Petals clawed; calyx lobes reflexed Clarkia (p. 411).
CIRCAEA.
Leaves denticulate; racemes bractless 2. (7. pacifica.
Leaves dentate; racemes with minute bracts 1. C. alpina.
1. Circaea alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 9. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat ad radices montium in frigidis Europae."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Dakota, and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant 11 ; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May 29, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 533; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September,
1902; Quinault, Conard 133.
Zonal distribution: Canadian. S
2. Circaea pacifica Aschers. & Magnus, Bot. Zeit. 29: 392. 1871.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 109; Silverton, Bouck; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 301; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 533; Peshastin, SarulhergS Leiherg; S\ue
Mountains, Piper 2409.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
GATJRA.
1. Gaura parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 208. 1830; Lehm. Pug. 2: 15. 1830.
Type locality: "Sandy' banks of the Wallawallah River." Collected by Douglas,
according to Hooker.
Range: Washington to Dakota, Louisiana, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Elmer 898; Piper, July, 1898, and 1629; without
locality, Brandegee 789; Prosser, Cotton 741.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
ISNARDIA.
1. Isnardia palustris L. Sp. PI. 1: 120. 1753.
Ludwigia nitida Michx. Fl. 1 : 87. 1803.
Ludwigia palustris Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 211. 1821.
Type locality: "Habitat in Galliac, Alsatiae, Russiae, Virginiae fluviis."
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, 5raruZe<7ee 777; Clarke County. //eruZerson, Sep-
tember 6, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 585; Seattle, Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
EPILOBIUM. Willow herb.
Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. Stems
1 to 2 m. tall; bracts small; style pubescent at base I.E. angustifolium.
Stems 15 to 50 cm. high; bracts leaf-like; style glabrous 2. E. latifolium.
Calyx teeth prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers mostly small.
Flowers pale yellow; stigmas 4-cleft 'i. E. luteum.
Flowers white or pink.
Annuals; leaves narrow; stigmas mostly 4-cleft.
Stems simple or but little branched, 8 to 20
cm. high ; herbage crisp-puberulent 5. E. minutum.
400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems usuall}- much branched, 30 to 90 cm.
high; herbage glabrous or glandular.
Flowers small, 10 to 15 mm. broad 4. E. jxiniculatum.
Flowers large, 20 to 40 mm. broad 4a. E. jHiniculatum
jucundum.
Perennials; stigmas subentire.
Stems tall, 30 to 90 cm. high.
Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, the
margins revolute 6. £.'. palvstre.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate, dentate or denticu-
late, not revolute.
Petals 6 to 10 mm. long; herbage canescent-
pulxirulcnt 7. E. franciscanum.
Petals 3 to 5 nun. long; herbage not canes-
cent-puberulent.
< Capsule pedicolled.
Pedicels shorter than the capsules;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate 8. E. adenocauUm.
Pedicels equaling the capsules;
leaves oblong-lanceolat*. sessile,
decurrent 9. E. halleanwn.
Capsule .sessile; leaves ovate or elHptic,
sessile 10. £. brevistylum.
Stems low; species mostly alpine or subalpine.
Seeds smooth.
Leaves entire; plants creeping or stolon-
iferous.
Stems a.scending, usually curved; leaves
spreading, oval or oblong, thick II. E. anagallidifolium.
Stems erect: leaves a.sccnding, linear
or oblong-lanceolate \2. E. oregonense.
Leaves or some of them toothed, thin.
Flowere white, 5 to 6 ram. broad 13. £". alpinum.
P^lowere purple, 10 to 15 mm. broad . . 14. E. Twrnemanni.
Seeds papillate.
Foliage glaucous and glabrous 15. £. fastigiatum.
Foliage not glaucous.
Plants producing stolons.
Leaves narrow, erect, keeled
below 16. J?, jjringleanum.
Leaves broader, spreading, not
keeled.
Matted; leaves firm, pale
green, sessile \7. E. davatum.
Not matted; leaves thin,
bright green, petiolate 14. £. hornemanni.
Plants not producing stolons.
Stems branched.
Seeds 1 mm. long; stem pubes-
cent in lines; pedicels about
as long as the capsules .... 18. £. leptocarpum.
Seeds 2 mm. long; stems
pubescent but not in lines;
pedicels much shorter than
the capsules 19. E. mirabile.
kPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 401
Stems simple.
Herbage pilose-pubescent . . . 20. E. ursinum.
Herbage not pilose-pubescent.
Leaves sessile, narrow,
erect, acute 2\. E. drummondii.
Leaves petioled, broadish,
spreading, obtuse 22. E. delicatum.
1. Epilobium angustifolium L. Sp. PI. 1: 347. 1753. Fireweed.
Epilobium spicatum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 482. 1778.
TrPE LOCALrrY: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Mexico, and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck 77; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 1, 1900; near
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 407; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 637; Coulee City,
Lake cfe Hull 528; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in
1859; without locality, Fasey 242; Rock Lake, Late cfc^wZZ, August, 1892; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 126; Clallam County, Elmer 2566; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
Epilobium opacum,o said by Hooker to have been collected by Douglas and by Scouler
about Fort Vancouver, is probably a form of E. angustifolium.
2. EpUobium latifolium L. Sp. PI. 1 : 347. 1753.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Arctic America, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2343; Mount Rainier, Smith 875;
Silverton, Bouck; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 530; North Fork Bridge Creek; Elmer 664.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. EpUobium luteum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 259. 1814.
Type locality: Northwest coast of America. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, FZett 300; Pip«r, August, 1895; ^/Zen 293; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 549; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2440; Horseshoe Basin, Lake c& Hull
529; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1091 ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 730; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Clallam County, Elmer 2.560.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
4. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 490. 1840.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi;?er 103; Silverton, BoucA: in 1889; TsLComa,, Flett 130;
Nisqually Valley, ^ZZ«7i 14; Lake Park, Piper in 1895; Mount Stuart, -EZmer 1092; Wenache,
Whited 1330, 1159; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 488; Peshastin,
Sandberg cfe Leiberg 538; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 525; Spokane, Piper 2361, 2360; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896, 23.58; Pullman, Piper 1631; Hull in 1892; without local-
ity, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 573, 536; Clallam County, Elmer 2558, 2561; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 152. •
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4a. Epilobium. paniculatum jucundumi (A. Gray) Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2:
85. 1891.
Epilobium jucundum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: -57. 1876.
Type locality: Scott Valley, California. Collected by Greene.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Swi-stZor/" 17 ; Leavenworth, Whited 247.
aLeWii. Pug. 2: 14.1830.
29418—00 M 20
402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
EpUobium /xiniculatum is a very variable species, or perhaps a ooinplex of several. Suks-
dorf, besides recognizing E. jucundum as a valid species, proposes two others, E. apricum
a,nd'E.fasciculatum.a ' *
6. Epilobium minutvim Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 207. 1833.
Type ix)Cality : " North-West coast of America. Fort Vancouver. Near the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia." Collected at these points respectively by Menzies, Scouler, and
Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region mainly.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pip«r 459; Whidby Island, Gard/i^r 123; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lj/a//; Silverton, Bouck; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1203; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 253; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 81, 2108, 18; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
109: Blue Mountains, Ilomtr 290.
Zonal distribition: Transition.
A rather variable species, but it will require further material and study to determine how
many of the forms are worthy of recognition. Torrey and Gray recognized E. minutum
foliosum,f> based on Nuttall's MSS. name E.foliosum. Haussknecht c recognized three sub-
species, namely, sUnophyUum {=folio8um Nutt.), platifphi/lhim, and adenophorum.
Suksdorf<* considers/o/io»um a good species and also describes A. minutuin canescens and
A. foliosum glabrum.
6. Epilobium palustre L. Sp. PI. 1 : 348. 1753.
Type locality. European.
Range: Alaska to Washington, Colorado, and Canada. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 374.
7. Epilobium franciscanum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
TiPK IXK.ALITY: " Near San Francisco," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Lake Kalispel, Kreager, July 30, 1902; Spokane, Piper 2269.
Zonal nisTniBuriON : Arid Transition.
The specimen listed by Suksdorf as E. vxUsoni Barbey is the same as the Spokane plant
above mentioned.
8. Epilobium adenocaiilon Haussk. Oestr. Bot. Zeitschr. 20: 119. 1879.
TSpe l(kai.ity: Ohio.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2568; Montesano, Heller 3992, 3974;
Mount Constitution, Henderson 2460; Seattle, Piper 102; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 15; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson 2461; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 420; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2\bQ; Lake Kcechelus, Henderson
2462; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull 174, 744; Alkali Lake, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 412; Spokane,
Piper 3515.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
A very variable species. The specimens referred in Cooper's Report to Epilobium tetra-
gonum L. doubtless belong here.
8a. Epilobium adenocaulon occidentale Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 95. 1891.
Type locality: Beaver City. Utah.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WMted in 1895, 1300; Beaver Creek, Whited 3; Spo-
kane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 30.56, 3057, 1632; Hull 792.
a West Am. Scientist 1 1 : 77. 1901
.
c Monog. Epil. 248. 1884.
6F1. 1: 490. 1840. dDeutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 87. 1900.
I. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 403
«
9. Epilobium haUeanum Haussk- Monog. Epil. 261. 1884.
Type locality: "Hab. in Oregon." Collected by Hall.
Range: Vancouver Island to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1130; Falcon Valley, Suksdotf 2308; Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 15; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2309; Vancouver, Piper 4929.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
10. Epilobium brevistylum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
Type locality: Sierra County, California.
Range:. Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2345; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf
2189; Mount Adams, Su^stZor/" 550; Mount Stuart, £'imer 1202; Railroad Creek, £'??ner 701
;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2569.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
11. Epilobium anagaUidifolium Lam. Encyc. 2: 376. 1786.
Type locality: "Mont-d'Or."
Range: Arctic America, south to Labrador and in the mountains to California and Colo-
rado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2354; Tatoosh Mountains, ^ZZeft 189;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 640; Mount Adams, Flett 1241.
Zonal distribution: Artie.
12. Epilobium oregonense Haussk. Monog. Epil. 276. 1884.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2351; Lake Keechelus, Henderson in
1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
13. Epilobium alpinum L. Sp. PI. 1: 348. 1753.
Epilobium lactifiorum Haussk. Ocsterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 89. 1879.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Holveticis, Lapponicis."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New Hampshire. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 190; Piper 2166; Mount Constitution,
Henderson 2453; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 16; Silvcrton, Bouck in 1899; Skokomish River,
Kincaid 22502; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiherg in 1893; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson
2454 ; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2032 : Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 677.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
14. Epilobium. hornem.anni Reichenb. Ic. Crit. 2:73. 1825.
Epilobium nutans Hornem. in Oeder, Fl. Dan. 1387. 1810, not Schmidt, 1795.
Type locality: "In turfosis alpinis Norvcgiae."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Colorado, and the White Moun-
tains. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2355, 1047, 2353, 2346, 2348, 2347;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 553; Mount Stuai't, Brandegee 778; Atanum River, Henderson
2445; Wenache Mountains, E'^jner 469: Mount Rainier, ^/Zen 191; Bridge Creek, Mmer 744;
Mount Rainier,' Piper 2168, 1048; Blue Mountains, Piper 2359; Horner 289.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Both the characters relied upon to separate this species from E. alpinum, namely, the
rough seed and larger, darker flowers, break down completely in our material, and there is no
evidence that the connecting forms are hybrids. •»
404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
*
16. Epilobiuxa fastdgiatvun (Nutt.)
EpUobium affin^fastiffiatum \utt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 489. 18*0.
Efilobium glaberrimum laiifolium Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 220. 1876.
Epilobium glabernmum fasiiffiatum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 105. 1891.
Type ixx^.\lity: " Plains of the Oregon." Collected by Nnittall.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountain'^, Fhtt 115: Mount Rainier, Allen 19.^; Smith
755; Pijter 2167, Augu.st 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson 2444; Mount Stuart, Brandeqee
777; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859: Liue Mountains, //omer238; Clallam
County, ElwfT 2559.
15a. Epilobium fastigiatum glaberrimum (Barliey).
EpUobium glabernmum Barl)ey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, ^uitrnfoi/ in 1878.
16. Epilobium pringleanum llau.ssk. Mittheil. Geogr. Gesells. Jena 7: 5. 1888.
Epilobium oregonense graciUimum Trelcas«>, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 109. 1891.
Type locality: "California, mountains about the headwaters of the Sacramento River."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon \'alley, Snkadorf, July, 1886; White Salmon, Sukadorfm
1878; Mount .Vdams, SuJcsdorf 552; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
17. Epilobium clavatimi Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 111. 1891.
Tx^»e ixx'ality: Kicking Horse River, British Columbia.
Range: Briti.sh C^ilumbia to Oregon and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2350, 2.349; Mount Rainier, Piper
2165, 2164; Allen 192; Goat Mountains, Allen 252; Mount Adams, Siiksdorf, September,
1877, August 28, 1886; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 654; Clallam County, Elmer 2570.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
18. Epilobium leptocarpum macounii Trelea.se, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 103. 1891.
Type mk'ality: "Lake Athal)a.sca." Collected by Macoun.
Range: British America to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2352, 2356; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf 551.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
19. Epilobium mirabile Trelease, sp. nov.
Turioniferous; stems rather slender, terete, crisp-pubescent, ascending from near the base,
about a foot high, with rather short strict branches; leaves sc-arcely 25 mm. long, somewhat
ascending, broadly ovat«-lanceolate,obtuse,remotely very low denticulate, rounded at base
and very short-petioled, rather thick, minutely crisp-puberulent or at length subglabrescent;
inflorescence somewhat glandular; flowers suberect, crowded at summit; petals about 5 mm.
long, pale; capsules short-stalked, alK)Ut 40 mm. long, curved, fusiform: seeds as in E.
paniculatum, the at first very wliite ample coma soon falling and at length dingy.—Meadows
at 1,500 meters altitude, in the Olympic Mountains, Washington (Piper, August, 1895, no.
2344).—A very peculiar plant, with the seed and foliage characters of E. minutum, but
exaggerated, and the turions of the delicatum section, in which in stem and pubescence
characters it falls near E. leptocarpum.
20. Epilobium ursinimi Parish; Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 100. 1891.
Type locality: San Bernardino County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, 5wts<ior/" 2148, 372; Klickitat Kwer, Flett 1238.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 405
21. Epilobium drummondii Haussk. Monog. Epil. 271. 1884.
Type locality: "Hab. in Rocky Mts." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Nevada and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuArsdorf 2149.
22. Epilobium delicatum tenue Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 99. 1891.
Type locality: Union County, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Skamania County,
SuJcsdorf 2309.
Epilobium davuricum Fisch. in Hornem. Hort. Bot. Havn. Suppl. 44. 1819. Hauss-
knecht in his Monograph reports this from Tacoma, collected by Krause, but we have seen
no specimens thus referable. It was originally described from Siberia, and ranges at least
as far east as Alaska.
Epilobium origanifoliu.m Lam. This name appears on Suksdorf's list, but the species
is not known to occur in North America.
TARAXIA.
White-pubescent; leaves deeply pinnatifid I. T. tanacetifolia.
Glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves entire or denticulate 2. T. heterantha.
Leaves pinnatifid ." 2a. T. heterantha taraxacifoiia.
1. Taraxia tanacetifolia (Torr. & Gr.).
Oenothera tanacetifolia Torr. & Gr. Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 121. pi. 4. 1854.
Tararla longiflora Nutt.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 1896. '
Oenothera nuttallii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 506. 1840, not Sweet, 1830.
Type locality: "On the higher parts of the Sierra Nevada; latitude 41°, California.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: RitzvWh, Sandberg d; Leiberg 162; Crab Creek country, <SwJtsdor/
308; Spokane County, Suksdorf 309; Marshall Junction, Piper 2259.
Zonal distdibution : Arid Transition.
2. Taraxia heterantha (Nutt.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 1896.
Oenothera heteratha Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 22. 1834.
Type locality: "Towards the sources of the Columbia, in dry prairies." Collected by
Wyeth.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Utah..
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Fto< 1012; Rock Creek, Sandberg d; Leiberg 130;
Spangle, Piper 2835; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1195.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Taraxia heterantha taraxacifoiia (S.Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club. 23: 185.
1896.
Oenothera heterantha taraxacifoiia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 589. 1873.
Taraxia taraxacifoiia Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:1. 1900.
Type locality: Near Austin, Nevada.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Spokane County, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, 120 in part=-
Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 451; Walla Walla, Griffiths cfc Cotton 451.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
SPHAEROSTIGMA.
Flowers axillary, yellow or yellowish.
Capsule linear, more or less curved 1. S. contortum.
Capsule broadest at base, attenuate upward.
Seeds pale, linear; flowers very small 2. S. andinum.
' Seeds dark, clavate; flowers larger 3. S. hilgardi.
406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATION.\L HERBARIUM.
Flowers white or rose-colored, in nodding spikes.
Herbage viscid-glandular 4.5. boothii.
Herbage puberulent, not glandular 5. S. alyssoides.
1. Sphaerostigfina contortum (Dougl.) Walp. Repert. 2: 78. 1843.
Oemthem contoiia Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.
Type locality: ''Sandy barren soil on the interior banks of the Columbia River."
Collected by Douglas.
Specimens ex.vmixed: 1. Form with stalked ix>ds: Wilson Creek, Sandherg d' Leiherg
263: without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pasco, Pi])er 29(>5a: North Yakima, Henderson,
May 27, 1892.
2. Fomi with pods sessile: Pasco, Piper 2965b: west Klickitat County, ^wtsrfo// 555, 85;
Bingen, Suksdorf2Z\ 1 : Ilia. Lake dc HuU.
Zonal distribition: Upper Stinoran.
The two forms alwve listed are probably distinct, but it remains to be determined which
is typical S. contorlum, as the distinguishing character does not appear in the original
description. The sessile-podded form was later described as S. strigulosa Fisch. & Mey.
from California. The whole group is in need of critical study.
2. Sphaerostigina andinum (N'utt.) Walp. Report. 2: 79. 1843.
Oenothera andina Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 512. 1840.
Type locality: "Dry plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Black-Foot River." Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Ranoe: Wa.<»hington and Montana to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens exa.mined: Wenache, Whited 86; Ellensburg, Piper 2675; Elmer 429;
North Yakinm, Henderson, May, 1892; Klickitat County, SuksdorfSU; Flett 1230; Klicki-
tat Valley. Hovell 1503: Pasco, Piper 2994; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Walla Walla
region, Brandegee 786; without locality, Vasey 235; Coulee City, Piper 3907, 3908; Ellens-
burg. Cotton 865.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Sphaerostigma hilgardi (Greene) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 188. 1896.
Oenothera hilgardi Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 41. 1883.
Type locality': "On moist alkaline soil of the Klickitat Swale," Washington. Col-
lected by Ililgard.
Range: Ea.stem Washington.
Specimens e.xamined: Wenache, Whited 1093; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
North Yakima, Elmer 1082; Crab and Wilson creek*, Sandherg <k Leiherg 290; Sprague,
Sandherg d: Leiherg 145; between Coulee City and W^aterville, Spillman, May 27, 1898;
Ellensburg, Cotton 865.
Zonal Distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Sphaerostigina boothii (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 77. 1843.
Oenothera hoothii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.
Oenothera pyginaea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.
Type locality: "On low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis and Clark's
River, lat. 46° north." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Rock lfi\&nd, Sandherg <& Leiherg 441; Snake River, W^alla Walla
region, Brandegee 785; Tweedy, June, 1883.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Sphaerostigma alyssoides minutiflorum (S. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23:
192. 1890.
Oenothera alyssoides minutiflora S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 591. 1873.
Type locality: "Northern Nevada and about Salt Lake, Utah."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 407
Range: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Near Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 310; Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg & Leiberg 262.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
OENOTHERA. Evening primrose.
1. Oenothera biennis mnricata (L.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. I6O4. 1833.
Oenothera muricata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 12. 263. 1767.
Type locality: "Canada."
Range: British Columbia and Washington; New England to Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 407; Tacoma, Flett 149; Waitsburg,
Horner 181; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 199.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
la. Oenothera biennis strigosa (Rydberg).
Onagra strigosa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot.Gard. 1: 278. 1900.
Oenothera biennis canescens Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 492. 1840, not Oenothera canescenn Torr. &
Frem. in Frem. Rep. 315. 1845.
Type locality: Pony, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1250; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 397; Chelan, Elmer 495; Wilson Creek, Lake db Hull,
August, 1892; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota, Piper, September, 1897;
Wawawai, Horner 673.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
ANOGRA.
1. Anogra paUida (Lindl.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 175. 1896.
Oenothera pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. llJt2. 1828.
Type locality: "In the Northwest of North America." "Growing among sand in all
the dry country west of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1110; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 970; White
Bluff Ferry, Lake <& Hull, August, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2992; Hindshaw 43; Glendale,
Lake cfc Hull 522; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 217; Lake Chelan, Hoirdrd
in 1899; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 537;
Kiona, Piper, July, 1897; Steamboat Rock, McKay 20.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
GAYOPHYTUM.
Seeds canescent with appressed hairs \. G. lasiosperm urn.
Seeds glabrous.
Stems branched at base, very leafy, the shoots erect; capsules
olong, nearly sessile, 4. G. pumilum
.
Stems usually much-branched above, remotely leafy; capsules on
elongated pedicels.
Flowers large, 6 to 12 mm. broad 2. G. diffusum.
Flowers small, 2 to 4 mm. broad 3. 6^. ramosissimum.
1. Gayophytum lasiospermum Greene, Pittonia 2: 164. 1891.
Type locality: Near Julian, California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 168; Ellensburg, Piper 2634; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2466; Chelan, Elmer 488; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 252;
408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Conconully, Whited 1313; Spokane, Piper 2634; Henderson 2467; Nile, Henderson 2464;
Spraguc, Lake t£- Hull, August, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Gayophytum diflfusum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 513. 1S40.
TiPE locality: "Rocky Mountains and plains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited; along Mcthow River, Whited 220; Loomis-
ton, Elmer 609: Lake Chelan, Lake d' Hull, August, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1406;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Geyer 546.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 513. 1840.
TiPE ixxai.ity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Ariwjna.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 2310, 2297, 2296, 2295, 22; Henderson,
August, 1892: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 2257 , 20, 21;
North Yakima, Piper, June, 1897; Henderson, May, 1892; Wenache, Whited in 1896;
Washtucna, Elmer 1042; Peshastin, Sandberg <f Leiherg 528; Cascade Mountains, Piper,
July, 1895; Nason City, Sandberg li Leiherg, July, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 781;
Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 159; without localit}', Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains,
Homer 293, 292; Walla Walla, NuUaU.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
Hooker a rec(^rniz<'s two subspecies, but evidently his names have laconic interchanged
in respect to the ciiaracters.
Capsules short, the fruiting pedicels refracted G. raihomssimuin strictipes.
Capsules longer, canescent
,
pediwls erect in fruit G. ramosissimum deflexum.
4. Gayophytum pumilum S. Wats. Ppoc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883.
Type locality: " From San Bomardino County, California, to Washington Territory."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 376; Falcon Valley, Sukadorf, June,
1881, and 19; Klickitat River. Suksdorf 82; bars of Touchet River, //or/ier 286; near
Salmon River, Horner 284; Blue Mountains, Homer 317, 119; Skamania County, Flett
1236.
2>>nal distribution: Canadian?
Gayophytum racemosum Torr. & Gr., and Gayophytum caesium Torr. & Gr. Both
these names, which are considered to represent one species, appear in Suksdorf 's list. The
type of the latter was collected in "Oregon, on dry open plains near Walla Walla," by Nut-
tall, possibly a Washington locality, but many of Nuttall's plants so labelled were collected
far to the southeast of Wallula (Old Fort Walla Walla). At any rate we have seen no Wash-
ington specimens of the plant, those labelled G. racemosum being as a rule G. ramosissimum.
PACHYLOPHUS.
Leaves green, glabrous, except the villous margins \. P. marginatus.
Leaves canescent-puberulent on both sides 2. P. canescens.
1. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.)
Oenothera marginata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 500. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains in Upper California, about lat. 42°," probably in
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Specimens examined: Steptoe Canyon, McKay.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
oLond. Joum. Bot. 6: 224. 1847.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 409
2. Pachylophus canescens sp. nov.
Acaulescent or nearly so, cespitose, the whole plant canescent with a fine appressed
pubescence; root stout and woody, becoming 30 cm. long or more; leaves rather numerous,
pale green, oblanceolate, repandly dentate or subentire, obtuse or acute, each attenuate
into a petiole with margins narrower than the broad white midrib; calyx canescent, the
tube very narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long, twice the length of the lanceolate attenuate lobes; petals
broadly obovate, pink, 2 to 3 cm. long; pods 2 to 3 cm. long, linear-oblong, attenuate into
a stout beak, canescent like the leaves.
This species is distinguishable from the others of the genus only by the character of the
pubescence.
Specimens examined: Washington—Sentinel Bluffs in gravelly soil, Cotton 1345 (type);
Priest Rapids, 5ra7uZe^ee 77, July 14, 1903. Oregon—near Harper Ranch, Zezftergr 2103;
near Westfall on road to Ontario, Coville 504; without locality, Cusick in 1885. California—
•
Without locality, Vasey in 1880.
2k)NAL distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The type is in the National Herbarium.
LAVATJXIA.
1. Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 367. 1835.
Oenothera triloba Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 118. 1821.
Type locality: "In the arid and partly denudated prairies of Red River," Arkansas.
Range: Washington and Saskatchewan, south to California and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Yakima River, jSuArs*^?/ 1703.
GODETIA.
Calyx tips free in the bud, tlie lobes separate in anthesis; stigmas
oval, purple; capsules sessile.
Ovary and capsule villous 1. G. quadrivulnera.
Ovary and capsule puberulent 2. G. tenella.
Calyx tips united, remaining so in anthesis; capsules mostly pedicelled.
Anthers sparsely hairy, large, the terminal portion sterile and
often becoming hooked. 3. G. amoena.
Anthers glabrous, small, fertile to the tips 4. G. caurina.
1. Godetia quadriviilnera (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 389. 1835.
Oenothera quadrivulnera Dougl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1119. 1827.
Godetia bingensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.
Type locality: "Northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Fox Island, Flett 84; Tacoma, Flett 907, 167; Olympia to Gate
City, Heller 4050; Steilacoom, Piper in 1885; Suckley in 1885; Bingen, Suksdorf, July 4,
1892; June 13, July, 1881; Yelm, Smith 428; Puget Sound, Wdkes Expedition 133.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Godetia tenella (Cav.) Spach; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 697. 1840.
Oenothera tenella Cav. Icon. 4: 66. pi. 396. 1797.
Type locality: "Habitat prope urbem Talcahuano in Chile."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2152; Clallam County, Elmer 2567
3. Godetia amoena (Lehm.) Lilja, Linnaea 16: 265. ,1841.
Oenothera amoena Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 8. 1821.
Oenothera lindleyi Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pi. 2832. 1828.
.
.
Godetia vinosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22: pi. 1856. 1836.
.
Type locality: "Amer[ica] Septentr[ionalis].''
410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Sinclair Inlet, Piper, July, 1895; Steilacoom, Suckley; Ska-
mania County, Suksdorf 2129 : Chaml>ers Prairie, Henderson, August, 1892; Johns Island,
Laurence 189; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 27, July 1881 and 23.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Oodetia caurina Abrams, sp. nov.
Stems enH*t, simple l)olow, more or less branched above, 30 to 60 cm. high; herbage
minutely and rather sparsely puberulent throughout; leaves linear -lanceolate, entire;
flower heads mainly erect, oblong, obtuse at apex, 12 to 14 mm. long; calyx tube 2 mm.
long; petals obovate, 15 to 18 mm. long, purple with a blotch of deeper color near the
center; anthers 3 mm. long, fertile to the tip, glabrous; stigmas linear-oblong, 3 mm.
long, yellow; capsule 8-ribbod, stoutly beaked at apex, 25 mm. long, tapering at base into
a pedicel fully half as long.
Nearest G. amoena (Lehm.) Lilja from which it is best distinguished by its much smaller
glabrous anthers, which are not sterile at tip, and oblong obtuse flower buds.
Type ix)CALitt: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, collected by Elmer 2565, June,
1900 (tvpe, United States National Herbarium, no. 401890).
Specimens examined: Mount Finlaysoii, Vancouver Island, Macoun, June 28, 1887;
Beacon Hill, Vancouver Lsland, Macoun, May 25, 1887.
CioDETiA VI.MINEA (Dougl.) Spach, CiODETiA LEPiUA Lindl. Both these names appear
in Suksdorf 's list, but there are no specimens to indicate that these species occur in Wash-
ington. The species of this genus are very poorly understood.
BOISDUVALIA.
Upper leaves much broader than the lower ones; capsule septifragal in
dehiscence I. B. denidfora.
Upper leaves not broader than the lower ones; capsule loculicidal in
dehiscence.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, pubescent ,- - - 2. B. stricta.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, often glabrous 3.5. glabella.
1. Boisduvalia densiflora (Lindl.) S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 2:i3. 1876.
Boisduixilia douglasii Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 385. 1835.
Oenothera den»iflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1593. 1833.
Type ix>cality: Northern California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Speclmens examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1897; Ellensburg, Whited 573; west Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 2254; Leavenworth, Whited 248; Falcon V&lhy, Suksdorf 557;
Peshastin, Sandherg <fc Leiberg 588; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Hull, July
16, 1892; Piper, 1839; Ellensburg, Cotton 866.
Zonal DisTRiBtrnoN : Transition and Upper Sonoran.
la. Boisduvalia densiflora pallescens Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.
Type locality: Near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, Suksdorf.
Distinguished by having white flowers and somewhat larger seeds.
2. Boisduvalia stricta (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Fran. 225. 1891.
Gayophytum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 340. 1867.
Boisduvalia iorreyi S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876.
Oenothera torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 384. 1873.
Type locality: Cloverdale, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 411
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 411; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 378, 558; foothills
Blue Mountains, Horner 176; Blue Mountains, Horner, August, 1896; Spokane, Piper,
June, 1897, Sandberg, McDougal, <& Heller, 905; Pullman, Henderson 2470; Piper 2657;
2655; WawAwai, Elmer 757; Piper, June 23, 1901; Squaw Creek, Cotton 877; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 690.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. BoisduvaUa glabeUa (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 89. 1843.
Oenothera glabella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 505. 1840.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon east of Wallawallah." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 26.56; Hull, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
CLARKIA.
Petals entire I. C. rhomboidea.
Petals 3-lobed 2. C. pitlchella.
1. Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.
Type locality: "From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 780; Wenache Gulch, Whited 1165;
Klickitat River, Flett 1234; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Stehekin, Whited,
July 5, 1901; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey 2S8; without
locality, Lyall in 1861 ; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Clarkia pulcheUa Pursh, Fl. 1: 260. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee and Clark's Rivers." Collected by Lewis. The
first locality is in Idaho, opposite the town of Kamiah, the Camp Chopunnish, where Lewis
collected many plants.'
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Hindshaxo 38;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1861; between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 211; Tukanon
River, Lake cfe Hull 531; Pullman, Piper 1630; Tampico, Flett 1232; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths cfc Cotton 376.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HALORAGIDACEAE. Water Mii.foil Family.
Stamen 1 ; ovary 1-celled Hippuris.
Stamens 2 to 8; ovary 2 to 4-celled Myriophyllum.
HIPPTJRIS. Marestail.
Alpine plant 2 to 5 cm. high \. H. montana.
Lowland plant 20 to 50 cm. high 2. H. vuLgaiis.
1. Hippuris viilgaris L. Sp. -PI. 1: 4. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Arctic regions, southward to California, New Mexico, and Maine. Europe,
Asia.
412 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, La»i6 1254; Lake Cushmau, Pi/»er 2225; Whidby Island,
Gardner 350; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper; Longmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Columbia Valley, Li/all.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Hippiiris montana Ledeb.; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 1: 76. /)/. SG.f. 181. 1823.
Ti'PE locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Allen 186; Piper 2136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg <& Leiberg 792.
Zonal distribltion: Hudsonian.
MYRIOPHYLLUM. W atkk milfoil.
Floral leaves shorter than the flowers 1 . M . npicaium.
Floral leaves longer than the flowers.
Stamens 8 ; floral leaves pectinate 2. M. verticillatum.
Stamens 3 or 4 ; floral leaves denticulate 3. .1/. hippuroides.
1. Myriophylliun spicatiim L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
Type ixx'ality: Euro|x»an.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, st)uthwMrd to California and Florida.
Specimens e.xamined: Lake Cushman, Pijter 223(); Seattle, Piper 1132; Yakima
region, Brandegee 776; Ellensburg, Uindskaw.
2. Myriophyllum verticiUatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
Type locality: EuropeaiL
Range: Washington to Canada, southward to California and Florida.
Speclmens e.xamined: Segualiche Lake, Pi/xr, May, 1888; Lake Chelan, iVmer, August,
1897; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Gorman in 1897; Tacoma, FleU 2146;
Lake Crescent, iMwrence 310.
3. Myriophylluin hippuroides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 530. 1840.
Type IjOCaliti': "Oregon, in ponds of the Wahlamet." Collected by Nut tall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: W^est Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2176; Lindsleys, Clarke County,
Henderson.
ARALIACEAE. CiixsEXtJ Family.
Herb ; leaves compound Aralia.
Shrub; leavessimple •. . . . Echinopanax.
ARALIA.
1. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 1 : 274. 17.53.
Type iXx:ality: " In Virginia.''
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, Missouri, and_North Carolina.
Specimens e.xamined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 206.
ECHINOPANAX.
1. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch, in Rev. Hortic. 3: 105. 1854.
Devil's club.
Panax horridum Smith, Rees' Cycl. 26: No. 10. 1812.
Aralia erinacea Hook. Edinb. Journ. Sci. 6: 64. 1827.
Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 1 : 939. 1867.
Type locality : Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 413
Range: Alaska to California and the Blue Mountains, Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 116;
near Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 772; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg <& Leiberg 753; Yakima Pass, Watson, November 19, 1880; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; Homer; Clallam County, Elmer 2508; Big Meadow, Kreager 424;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
APIACEAE. Celery Family.
Flowers in dense heads; fruit scaly or tuberculate Eryngium (p. 414).
Flowers in umbels.
Fruit more or less bristly.
Bristles hooked covering the whole fruit surface. Sanicula (p. 414).
Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit.
Stylopodium obsolete; bristles barbed at tip Daucus (p. 415).
Stylopodium conical; bristles not barbed.
Carpels oblong or ovate Caucalis (p. 416).
Carpels linear Washingtonia (p. 416).
Fruit glabrous, not at all bristly.
Carpels strongly flattened dorsally.
Stylopodium conical; petals obcordate. Heracleum (p. 417).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Calyx teeth evident; stylopodium flat Cynomarathrum (p. 417).
Calyx teeth obsolete or nearly so; stylo-
podium obsolete.
Plant caulescent and branching;
flowers white.
Ultimate segments of the leaves
large Angelica (p. 418).
Ultimate segments of the leaves
small Conioselinum (p. 419).
Plants acaulescent; or, if caulescent,
flowers not white.
Mostly acaulescent; lateral ribs
thin '. Lomatium (p. 419).
Mostly caulescent; lateral ribs
thick Leptotaenia (p. 425).
Carpels not dorsally flattened.
Oil tubes present; leaves not peltate.
Fruit with a single oil tube in each interval.
Stylopodium conical.
Leaflets linear '.
. Carum (p. 426).
Leaflets lanceolate to ovate Cicuta (p. 426).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Flowers yellow ; leaves simple or tri-
foliolate Zizia (p. 427).
Flowers white.
Fruit elongate Leiberg ia (p. 427).
Fruit short.
Leaves decompound .... Oenanthe (p. 427).
Leaves reduced to hollow
petioles Lilaeopsis (p. 428).
Fruit with more than one oil tube in each
, interval.
414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stylopodium conical.
Fruit globose Beuula (p. 428).
Fruit oblong Ligusticum (p. 428).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Ribs of the fruit wing-like.
Wings thick and corky ; flowers
white Glehnia (p. 429).
Wings thin; flowers yellow
. . Pteryxia (p. 429).
^ Ribs of the fruit not wing-like.
Plants acaulescent.
Fruit with all the ribs fili-
form; root not tuberous Hesperogbnia (p. 430).
Fruit with the dorsal ribs
filiform, the lateral ones
' corky; root tuberous. . ORtXiENiA (p. 430).
Plants caulescent; ribs of the
fruit all thick and corky.
Leaflets linear or narrowly
lanceolate Siitm (p. 430).
Leaflets ovate Coelopleurum (p. 430).
Oil tubes obsolete or very obscure; leaves peltate. Hvdrocotyle (p. 431).
ERYNGIUM.
Bractlets little longer than the pale blue heads \. E. articulalum.
Bractlets twice as long as the green heads 2. E. petiolcUum.
1. Eryngium. articulatum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 232. 1847.
Eryngium harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 153. 1885.
Type locality: "Stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoe and Coeur d'Alene
Lakes." Collected by Geyer. The first locality is probably in Washington; the others are
in Idaho.
Range: From northern Idaho, through Washington and Oregon to central California.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Spalding; White Salmon, SnJcudorf; Pullman, Piper
1559 and Octol)er 10, 1897; without locality, Geyer 583.
The specimens reported o as collected at Olympia hy Henderson 2518, 2519, are really
from Eastern Washington.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Eryngium petiolatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 259. 1&^3.
Eryngium petiolatum juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872.
Type locality: "Moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah [Willamette] River,"
Oregon. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Western Oregon to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Columbia Plains, Nutlall [Oregon or-
Washington ?].
SANICULA.
Mature fruit stipitate ; leaves palmately divided \. S. menziesii.
Mature fruit sessile, not stipitate.
Leaves pinnately parted, the segments incised 4.5. bipinnatifida.
Leaves palmately divided.
Principal leaf divisions confluent at base 2. S. howellii.
Principal leaf divisions distinct at base 3. S. septentrionalis.
aContr. Nat. Herb. 7: 52. 1900.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. , 415
1. Sanicula menziesii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 142. 1832.
Sanicula nudicaulis Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1839-40.
Type locality: Not given, but California according to Hooker.a
Range: British Columbia to California near the coast.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Smith 643;
Olympia, Eincaid, July, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; McAllisters Lake, Hen-
derfion, June, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Sanicula howellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 81. 1888.
Type locality: "Sandy shores, Tilamook Bay and Ocean Beach, Oregon." Collected
by Howell.
Range: Sea coast of Oregon to Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Lyall; Whidby Island, Gardner; Granville, Conard
173.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Sanicula septentrionalis Greene, Erythea 1: 6. 1893.
Sanicula divaricata Greene, Erythea 3 : 64. 1895.
Type locality: "Chase River, Vancouver Island." Collected by Macoun.
Range: From northern California to Vancouver Island and western Montana.
Specimens examined; Tacoma, FZe</ 21 ; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2772; Skamania
County, Flett 1301; Goat Mountains, Allen 254; White Salmon River, Suksdorf27Q; Little
Klickitat River, Henderson 2577; Blue Mountains, Piper 2338.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This species was formerly confused with the more southern S. nevadensis S. Wats.
4. Sanicula bipinnatiflda Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 258. pi. 92. 1834.
Type locality: " Fort Vancouver on the Columbia." Collected by Douglas and
Scouler. <'
Range: From Vancouver Island to southern California, and extending into Lowei'
California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 137; Puget Sound, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Sanicula marilandica, L. has been reported from "undulating gravelly soils, near Fort
Vancouver, Douglas." 6 Not since seen in Washington, but it occurs in northern Idaho.
Sanicula bipinnata Hook. & Arn. was found on "Prairie near Steikcoom" by Cooper,
according to Torrey.c Probably some related species was mistaken for it.
DAUCUS.
1. Daucus pusillus Michx. Fl. 1: 164. 1803. Wild carrot.
Daucus pusillus microphyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 636. 1840.
Daucus pusillus scaler Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.
Type locality: "In campestribus Carolinae."
Range: From the Carolinas and Florida to California, thence northward to Vancouver
Island.
Specim|;ns examined: Orchard Point, Piper 2010; Whidby Island, Gardner '132-, East
Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper; Fidalgo City, Flett
2103; Clallam County, S/mer 2770; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 258. 1834.
b Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 257. 1834.
cPac. R. Rep. IS^: 62. 1860.
416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CATJCALIS.
1. Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 183&-40.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: From Washington and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, and extend-
ing into Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2766; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897;
Wawawai Elmer 93: Piper 1890, May 19, 1894; Lake 706; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 16.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
WASHINGTONIA.
Fruit with bristly ribs.
Flowers purple 1. W. prirpurea.
Flowers white.
Foliage strigose-pubescent 2. W. hrevipes.
Foliage glabrous or nearly so.
Fruit with a conspicuous sharp beak 3. W. divaricaia.
Fruit constricted below the apex and with truncate tip. . . 4. W. leibergi.
Fruit glabrous.
Rays erect in fruit 5. W. occidentalis.
Rays spreading in fruit 6. W. ambigua.
1. Washingtonia purptirea Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900.
Type locality: "Sitka, Alaska."
Range: Mountains of northern Oregon to Alaska.
Specimens examined: Chohalis County, Lamb 1382.
2. Washingrtonia hrevipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900.
Type localitj-: "Mount Shasta and vicinity, Siskiyou County, Cal." Collected by
Palmer.
Range: From northern Washington and adjacent Idaho to southern California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 110; Smith 110; Chehalia County, Heller 3975;
Whidby Island, O. Piper; May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 63; Wenache Mountaias, Whited 467;
Roslyn, Whited 467; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1176; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2115; Blue
Mountains, Horner 215; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 44; Clallam County,
Elm£r 2774; Stuart Island, Lawrence 56.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Washingtonia divaricata Britton 111. Fl. 2: 531. 1897.
Washingtonia intermedia Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 289. 1900.
Osmorhiza divaricaia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 639. 1840, nom. nud.; Britt. & Br. 111. Fl.
2: 531. 1897, as synonym.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From Oregon and northern California to South Dakota, and northward to
Alaska.
Specimens examined: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 365; Silverton, Bouck 85; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 34; Olympia, Henderson 376; Yakima County, Henderson 376; Rock
Creek, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1195; Spokane, i'' W. Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake cfe
Hull 764; without locality, Vaserj 306; Cape Horn, Piper 4979; Klickitat River, Cotton
1480.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Washingtonia leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900.
Type locality: "N^on Creek, branch of Wenatchee River, Kittitas County, Washing-
ton." Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Mountains of Washington and Idaho.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 417
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 911; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1194;
Nason Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 666.
5. Washingtonia occidentalis (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900.
Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 639. 1840.
Osmorhiza occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 71. 1859.
Type locality : " Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range. From Alberta to northern California and the mountains of Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1413; Simcoe Mountains, Howell;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2334; Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 304; Roslyn, Whited 465;
near Wenache, Whited 7; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 282;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1681.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Canadian.
6. Washingtonia ainbigua (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 69. 1900.
Glycosma ambiguum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386. 1872.
Osmorhiza ambigua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Um. 119. 1888.
Type locality: "Foot of Cascade Mountains, Oregon." Collected by Hall.
Range: Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 256; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 382; foothills near EUensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Peshastin,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 502; upper Atanum River, Henderson, kagnst 2, 1892.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Canadian.
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. is reported in Hooker o as found by Douglas in
"Shady woods, North-West America, in the lat. of the Columbia." Some related species
is doubtless here confused.
Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. is reported in Hooker b as found " From the mouth of the
Columbia to Observatory Inlet, in lat. 55°, North-West America," the .specimens collected
by Scouler and Douglas. Here again some related species has probably been confused.
HERACLEUM.
1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Cow parsnip.
Heradeum douglasii DC. Prod. 4: 193. 1830.
Heracleum lanatum vestitum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 632. 1840.
Type locality: "Canada."
Range: Wet ground from Canada to North Carolina and Tennessee, and extending
westward to New Mexico, California, and Ala.ska.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, Bouck; Skagit Pass, Lake
& Hull 538; Skokomish Valley, ^incaicZ, June 10, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Zj/aZZ; Pull-
man, Piper 1558; Roslyn, Whited 466; North Palouse River, Vasey, June 6, 1901; Spokane
County, Clarks Springs, Kreager 139; Spokane River, Wilkes Expedition 397; Oljonpic
Mountains, Elmer 2763; Piper in 1895; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
Abundant in moist soil in most parts of the State. Douglas records that the "roots and
young stems are eaten by Chenook Indians."
CYNOMARATHRTJM.
1. Cynomarathrum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 246. 1900.
Peucedanum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 210. 1888.
Type locality: "Walla Walla region, Washington." Collected by Brandegce.
Range: Eastern Washington.
aFl. Bor. Am. 1: 271 1834. bFl. Bor. Am. 1: 272, 1834.
29418—OG M 27
418 - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Stehekin, Whited 1388; without localitj', Vasey 296, 299;
Peshastin, Sandberg d' Leiberg 516; Wellington, Savage 18; Cascade Mountains, lat. 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Bridge Creek, iJ/mer 651; Mount Stuart, £'/m€r 116; Walla Walla region,
Brandegee 799; Stehekin, Griffiths <Sc Cotton 236..
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ANGELICA.
Oil tubes in pairs in the lateral intervals \. A. canbyi.
Oil tubes solitary in all the intervals.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath 2. A. hend^rsoni.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Involucels of numerous bractlets 3. ^ . genuflexa.
Involueels usually wanting.
Fruit 6 to 8 mm. long witli lateral wings thick and corky. . 4. A. arguta.
Fniit 4 to 6 mm. long, the lateral wings not thick and corky . 5. A. lyallii.
1. Angelica canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 40. 1888.
Type UK'Aun': "Low grassy ground along streams, Klickitat River, near Mount
Adams,"' Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1410, 1188; Ellensburg, Whited 533;
Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, -Vugust, 1895; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 638; near Mount
Paddo, Suksdorf 763; Blue Moimtuins, Piper 2335; Horner 302; Touchet River, Horner
301; without locality, Vasey 301: without locality, Brandegee 796J; Alkali Lake, Sandberg
<fc Leiberg 420.
2k>NAi. distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
2. Angelica hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 80. 1888.
TiPE ixx-ALiTY: "BlulTs moistened by sea spray, Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County),
Washington." Collected by llendei-son.
Range: Seacoast, from soutlicrn Washington to San Francisco.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Nahcotta, Brodie in 1900.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Angelica genufiexa Nutt.; Toir. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840.
Archangelica peregrina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 622. 1840.
TiPE locality-: Wappatoo Island, [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington].
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From Oregon to .southern Alaska, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Montesano, HeUer 4035a; West
Seattle, Pi>r628and August 3, 1889; Tacoma, FlettWl; upperValleyNisqually,^ZZen 36;
Skamania County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187; Sumas, Lyall; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 627, 186; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2765.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Angelica arguta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840.
Type locality: "Wappatoo Island [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington]."
Collected by Nuttall.
Specimens examined: Type specimen of Nuttall in the Herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden.
This species is known only from the original specimens of Nuttall. Unless these repre-
sent some unusual condition of A. lyallii it is difficult to understand why the species has
not been found since by the numerous botanists who have collected in and about the type
locality.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 419
5. Angelica lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882.
Typk locality: "In the Galton and Cascade Mountains, near the British boundary."
Collected by Lyall.
Range: In the mountains, from eastern Oregon to northwestern Wyoming and north-
ward to Alberta.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2023; Mount Rainier, Piper in
1890; Allen; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 636; Falcon Valley, Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 128; without locality,
Brandegee 796; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 855;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2336, August 2, 1896; Dry Creek, Whitman County Vasey, July
30, 1901 ; Clealum Creek, Cotton 830.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
Angelica sp. An undescribed species of Angelica occurs on Mount Adams, of which
immature specimens have been collected by Henderson. It has been referred erroneously
to A. Tcingii {Selinum Jcingii S. Wats.) to which it is perhaps nearest related.
CONIOSELINUM.
1. Conioselinum gmelini (Cham. & Schlecht.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7:
150. 1900.
Ligusticum gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 391. 1826.
Selinum benthami S. Wats. Bibl. Index 432. 1878.
Selinum hooTceri S. Wats.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 45. 1888.
Conioselinum Jlscheri Auct. Amer.
Type locality: "Unalaska."
Range: From Alaska and Northwest Territory southward to the Columbia River along
the coast.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper July, 1890, 631; Port Ludlow, Binns in
1890; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 131; Steilacooin, Suckley; Ilwaco, //enr-
derson 2160; Straits of De Fuca, -ScouZer; Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 7.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
In Cooper's report this plant was referred to Conium maculaium L. and spoken of by
Torrey as "the large form of the northwest coast."
LOMATIUM.
Low plants arising from thick tubers.
Flowers white; tubers globose.
Fruit puberulent 1. L. gormani.
Fruit glabrous.
Oil tubes none; tubere often moniliform 2. L. geyeri.
Oil tubes present.
Tubers large; oil tubes solitary in the
intervals 3. L. canhyi.
Tubers small; oil tubes several in each
interval.
Pedicels slender, longer than the
fruits A. L. farinosum.
Pedicels stout, much shorter than
the fruits r>. L. piperi.
Flowers yellow; tubers elongate.
• Fruit puberulent.
Oil tubes 3 to 6 in each interval Q. L. watsoni.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals 7. L. cons.
Fruit glabrous; oil tubes solitary in the intervals. 8. L. circumdatum.
420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Taller plants, the. roots elongate, hardly tuberous.
Peduncles stout, often much swollen at the summit.
Fruit ver\- large, 18 to 28 mm. long; leaf segments
narrow 9. L. sulsdorfii.
Fruit smaller 8 to 14 mm. long.
Leaf segments lanceolate 10. Z,. nudicaule.
Leaf segments ovate to orbicular 1 1. L. jiatyjihyllum.
Peduncles less stout, never swollen at the top.
Bract lets conspicuous.
Flowers yellow; leaves glabrous 12. Z.. ntriculaiiim.
Flowers white.
Herbage tomentose \'i. L. macrocarpum.
Herbage puberulent 14. L. arteiuisiarum.
Bractlets small or wanting.
Fruit linear; flowers long-pedicelled 15. Z,. ambiguum.
Fruit oblong.
Leaves pinnate.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals. . . 16. L. martirulalei.
Oil tubes 3 in each interval 17. L. hallii.
Leaves temate.
Wings of the fmit broad.
Ill-scented, the leaves finely
dissected 21. L. grayi.
Not ill-scented, the leaves not
finely dissected 18. />. laevigatum.
Wings of the fniit narrow.
Ovaries glabrous 1 9. X. tritematum.
Ovaries pulverulent.
Ijeaf segments lanceolate,
elongate, usually entire... 20. L. rohvstius.
Leaf segments oblong, rather
short, often toothed 22. L. brerifolium.
1. Lomatium gormani (Howell) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 208. 1900.
Peucedanum gormani Howell, Fl. \. W. Am. 1: 252. 1898 (April 1).
Peucedanum mnfusum Piper, ErA'thea 6: 29. 1898 (April 10.)
Type locality: On "high hills opposite The Dalles," Washington. Collected by
Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 60; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg
in 1894; Klickitat, HoweU 411; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 84; Pullman, Piper 1565;
Elmer 73; Wawawai, Piper 1566; Colfax, Vasey, April 13, May 5, 1902; Waitsburg, Homer
4; Spokane County, Leiberg 7.50; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Lomatium geyeri (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900.
Peucedanum geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879.
Peucedanum evittatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889.
Type locality: "Sandy woods and plains, upper Columbia River; the biscuit-root of
the Indians." Collected by Geyer, no. 458, probably along the lower Spokane River.
Range: Eastern Washington and northern Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1007 and May 17, 1896; Badger Mountain,
WUted, April 22, 1900; Roslyn, Whited, April 25, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 270; Piper,
May 20, 1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2300, 2941, 2697; Henderson
2502; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 7; Ellensburg, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON". 421
3. Lomatium canbyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900.
Peucedanum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 78. 1888.
Type locality: "High ridges, E. Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited287; Ellensburg, Whited 287, 258 and May 4,
1898; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat Valley, Howell 1367, 67; near
Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Davenport, Geo. R. Sawyer, April 13, 1901; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 567; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Lomatium farinosum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900.
Peucedanum farinosum Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 235. 1847.
Ferulafarinosa Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. loc. cit.
Type locality: "On an isolated rock in the Coeur d' Aleine Mountains on wet clay."
Collected by Geyer.
Range: Eastern Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pine City, Piper, May 6, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiherg,
May, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 131; near Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901;
Almota, Piper 2794; Wawawai, Elmer 98; Piper 1567; Coulee City, Piper 3874; North
Palouse River, Vasey, May 25, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Lom.atium piperi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.
Type locality: "Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash." Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: From the mountains of northern California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, Howell, February 15, May, 1878; Klickitat
River, Flett 1304; White Salmon, Suksdorf 27S; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, Apvi\, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Lomatium watsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.
Peucedanum watsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888.
Type locality: "Simcoe Mts.," Yakima County, Wash. Collected by Howell.
Range: Mountains of Oregon and Washington.'
Specimens examined: Near Columbus, (SuArs^ior/^.- Klickitat, //owe// 412, 413; Klickitat
Hills, Gorman, Apn\, 1895; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 180.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Lomatium ecus (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 214. 1900.
Cous. Biscuit root.
Peucedanum cous S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886.
Type locality: "John Day's Valley," Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2341 ; Wawawai, £'Zmer 97; above Wawa-
wai, Piper, May 6, 1901 ; Whitman County near Lewiston, B. Hunter 45.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Lomatium circumdatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 213. li:(X).
Peucedanum circumdatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474. 1887.
Type locality: "On hillsides in the Wallowa region of eastern Oregon." Collected by
Cusick.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 222.
This species is not very satisfactorily distinguished from L. cous. Good series of speci-
mens for both of these species are needed before their relations can be made clear.
422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Lomatium stiksdorfii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 239. 1900.
PeiiceJanum suJcsdorfii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885.
TvpE locality: '"Oh dry rocky mountain sides, W. Klickitat County, Washington Ter-
ritor}'." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 132; Peshastin, Sandberg db
Leiberg 489; without locality, Vasey 300.
10. Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900.
Smi/miuin nudicaule Pursh, Fl. 1: 196. 1814.
Seseli leiocarpum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 263. pi. 9S. 1834.
Peucedannin leiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.
Peucfdanum leiocarpum campestre Nutt. loc. cit.
Type ix)Cality: "On the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis April 15, 1806, then
at the Dalles.
Range: From central California to British Columbia and Idaho.
Specimen.s examined: Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Fairhaven, Piper 2805;
Lopt>z Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Fled 47 : west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 130; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 797; without locality, Cooper in 1854; without locality, Va^ey 297, 295;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2773.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
11. Lomatium platyphyllum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900.
Peucedanum latifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 625. 1840, not DC. 1830.
Peucedanum nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 128. 1871, not Seseli nutiallii A. Gray.
1870.
Type loc^ality: '' Plains ea.st of Wallawnllah River, Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
RAN<iE: From northern Nevada to eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens exa.mined: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 475; Wenache, Piper, March 26,
1895; W'Ai/€</26, 1021, 1078; Ellensburg, WUtedO,^; Peshastin, Sandberg db Leiberg, 487;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1285.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
12. Lomatium utriculatvun (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 215. 1900.
Peucedanum utriculatum Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 628. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky plains, particularly near the confluence ot the Wahlamet and
Oregon [Columbia] Rivers," Oregon. Collected by Nuttail.
Range: From southern California to British Columbia.
Speclmens EXA.M1NED: Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 17, 1898; Whidby Island,
Gardner 136; Orcas Island and Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 28; Steilacoom
Plains, Piper 635; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2769; Woodlawn, Henderson 395; Van-
couver, Piper 4931.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Not known to occur east of the Cascade Mountains. The Wilkes Expedition specimens
(no. 3.59) undoubtedly belong to this species, but it is more than doubtful that they ^re
collected at old Fort Walla Walla (Wallula)^
The specimens referred by Hooker,a to Peucadanum foenieulaceum Nutt. very probably
belong to L. utriculatum. The Cooper specimens also referred to P. foenieulaceum b are
P. utriculatum.
13. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 217. 1800.
Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 627. 1840.
Peucedanum macrocarpum eurycarpum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872.
"Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 268. 1834. bPac. R. Rep. 12^: 63. 1860.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 423
Peucedanum eurycarjmm Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 61. 1888.
Type locality: "Barren hills on the Oregon" (Columbia). Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From central California through eastern Oregon and Washington to British
America, eastward to western Colorado and western Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WhitedWlS, 1202, 1035; Wenache Mountains, W/i,i<e<Z
1274; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, PiTper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sand-
berg (& Leiberg Ql ; Yu\\m&n, Elmer 96; Pi7>er, June 24, 1894; Garrison, Piper 1.563; Almota,
Piper, April 7, 1894; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; North Palouse River, Vasey,
May 6, 1902; Waitsburg, Homer 221.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13a. Lomatium macrocarpum seimvittatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 224. 1902.
Type locality: "Hood River," Oregon. Collected by Henderson.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Swts<for/ 279.
This subspecies has been confused with L. bicolor (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, a species not
known to occur in Washington. It has apparently been since redescribed as Lomatium,
flavum Suksdorf.a
14. Lomatiunx artemisiarum Piper.
Lomatium macrocarpum artemisiarum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 22,3. 1902.
Type locality: Pasco, Washington. Collected by Piper.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3884; Crab Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 243;
without locality, Vasey 308; North Yakima, Henderson 2509, 2511, 2.574; Prosser, Hender-
son 2510; Pasco, Piper 2976; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April 19, 1898; Coulee City,
Piper ^^A; Prosser, Coton 588 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co«on 564 ; Wallula, Co«on 1069.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran
.
16. Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 212. 1900.
Eulophus ambiguus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 27. 1854.
Peucedanum ambiguum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.
Type locality: "Borders of Flat-Head River," Montana. Collected by Wyeth.
Range: From eastern Oregon to British Columbia, and eastward to Montana and
western Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited: Clealum, Whited 613; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson, August, 1892; Badger Mountains, Whited 1222; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
481; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 18S6; Spokane, Henderson,
July 9, 1892; Piper 2299; Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg d; Leiberg 44, 22;
Pullman, Piper 1562; Elmer 827; Blue Mountains, Piper 2337; Spokane County, SuTcsdorf
319; without locality, Vasey 298; near Colfax, Vasey, May 25, June 26, 1S02; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 1561.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
16. Lomatium miartindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225.
1900.
Peucedanum martindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1888.
Type locality: Rocky places "Cascade Mountains," Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Mountains of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Lajnb 1325; Olympic Moun-
tains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett; Mount Rainier, Piper 2008; Stampede Tunnel, Hender-
son 2514; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & L^eiberg, August, 1893,795; Goat Mountains, Allen 2.58;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suhsdorf 383; Flett 1299; Skamania County,
Suksdorf 2112; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2771; without locality, Vaseij in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
aAllg. Bot. Zeitsch. 12:6. 1906.
424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Lomatium hallii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900.
Peucedanum hallii S. Wats. Proo. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876.
Type ixk'.vlity: "Northern Oregon."
Range: Alpine in northern Oregon and Washington.
Specimens collected on Mount St. Helens bv Mrs. Briggs in 1885, have been somewhat
doubtfully referred to this species. It is otherwise known only from the neighborhood of
Mount Hood, Oregon.
18. Lomatium laevigatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225. 1900.
Peucedanum laentjatum Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 627. 1840.
Ti'PE ix)cality: "Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected bj- Nuttall.
Range: Along the upper Columbia in Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Columbus, Suhsdorfft&S.
10. Lomatium tritematum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 227. 1900.
Se^eh triUrnatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814.
Peucedanum triternatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.
Type locamti-: "On the waters of Columbia." The type was collected May 6, 1806,
by Lewis, on which date the Lewis and Clark Expedition was on the Clearwater River,
Idaho, near the mouth of Potlatch River.
Range: From northeastern California to British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Yelm, Piper 568; Smith, July, 1890; between Olympia and
Gat* City, Heller 4056; Goat Mountains, Allen 257; Wenache, Whited 1021; Ellensburg,
Whited 658; North Yakima, tlendernon 2513; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 596; Fort
Colville, Lyall; Spokane County, SuMorf 318; Spangle, Piper, July 24, 1899; Pullman,
Piper 1568; Elmer 846; Waitsburg, Horner 104; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey, June 6, 1902;
Colville, Kreager 603.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
This species varies much in the form of th»^ fruit and in the breadth of the wings. Wide-
winged forms have lH»en referred to L. ])latycarpum {Peucedanum simplex). If the latter
be characterized by having the wings of the fruit broader than the l)ody, our plants would
all seem referable to trUernatum. Wherever the line of division is drawn, the fact remains
that a complete series of intergrades exists.
20. Lomatiimi robuatius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 228. 1900.
Peucedanum triternatum macrocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. 1888, not
Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. 1840.
Peucedanum tritematum robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895.
Type locality: "Low grounds, W. Klickitat County, Wash." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Siihsdorf 131 ; Ellensburg, Piper 2742.
21. Lomativim grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 229. 1900.
Peucedanum millefolium S. Wats, in Bot. King Explor. 129. 1871, not Sonder, 1861-62.
Peucedanum grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888.
Type locality: "Antelope Island, (Great) Salt Lake," Utah. Collected by Watson.
Range: From eastern Washington and Oregon to Wyoming and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1050; Ellensburg, Whited &bl; North Yakima,
Henderson, May 29, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 280, 24; Morgans Ferry,
SuJcsdorfS22; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 5; Ritz-
ville, Sandberg <& Leiberg 180; Pullman, Elmer 95; Wawawai, Piper 1767; Touchet River,
Horner 609; Blue Mountains, Piper 2339; Dry Creek, Vasey, May 5, June 7, 1902; Cape
Horn, Piper .5012.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 425
22. Lomatinin brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 232. 1900.
Peucedanum triternatum brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. 1888.
Type locality: "Klickitat County," Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Klickitat River, Svksdorj
639; Flett 1303; Klickitat County, Howell 1368; Pasco, Hindshaw 15.
LoMATiUM DASYCARPUM (Torr. & Gr.) Coult. & Rose {Peucedanum dasycarpum Torr.
& Gr.) is a Califomian species reported from Washington on the basis of specimens col-
lected in KHckitat County by Joseph Howell. « The Howell specimens prove to be L.
canbyi Coult. & Rose.
LEPTOTAENIA.
Foliage puberulent.
Fruit sessile ; flowers purple I. L. dissecta.
Fruit pedicelled ; flowers yellow 2. L. muttifda.
Foliage glabrous.
Fruit 10 to 12 mm. broad 3. L. purpurea.
Fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad.
Leaflets rigid ; flowers purple 4. L. watsoni.
Leaflets not rigid; flowers yellow, long-pediceled 5. L. saimonijlora.
1. Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 630. 1840.
Ferula dissecta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868.
Ferula dissoluta S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 271. 1876.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon (Columbia) near the confluence of the Wahla-
met." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From northern California to Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell, Suksdorf; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 332; Clallam County, £'/mer 2764; Wenache, Whited 1340 and 10.58, 1207, April
9, 1900; Piper 2013; Ellensburg, Whited 320; Colville, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Arid Transition.
2. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 630. 1840.
Ferula multifida A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon [Columbia], east of Wallawallah, and in the Blue
Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From western Wyoming and Montana to New Mexico and west to Washington
and California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; between Coulee City and
Waterville, SpUlman, May, 1896; Medical Lake, Sandberg t& Leiberg 54; Sprague, Hender-
son, May, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 212; Pullman, Elmer 136; Steptoc, Vasey, May 15,
1901; Coulee City, Piper 3845; Colville Reservation, Griffiths <& Cotton 403; Chelan Butte,
Griffiths t& Cotton 185.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Leptotaenia purpurea (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888.
Ferula purpurea S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886.
Type locality: "On rocky hillsides near the lower Columbia River, in Klickitat County,
Wash." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; west Klickitat County,
Sulcidorfm, 325, 26, 281.
a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 4.52. 1880.
426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Leptotaenia watsoni Coult. & Rase, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888.
Type loc.xlity: "In the Wenatche* region," Chelan County, Washington. Collected
by Brandegee and by Tweedy.
Range: Cascade Mountains about Mount Stuart, Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache region, Brandegee 801; Mount Stuart, Sandberg dk
Leiberg 808; Elmer 1171.
5. Leptotaenia salmoniflora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 201. 1900.
Peucedanum salmonijiora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895.
Type locality: "On basaltic rocks, near upper ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewis-
ton," Nez Percys County, Idaho. Collected by Sandl>erg, MacDougal, & Heller.
Range: BlufTs of the Snake River, Washington, and of the Clcansater River, Idaho.
Specimens e.xamined: Almota, Piper 2781; Wawawai, Piper 2782; Elmer 92.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CARUM.
1. Canim gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1867.
Akttia gmnlneri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1839-40.
EJonmia gairdneri Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 612. 1840.
Type localiti': Near San Francisco or Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: From British Columbia to southern California, eastward to the Black Hills of
South Dakota, and to Colorado and Arizona.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, Svksdorf
635; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896;
Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Wliito Bluff Ferrj-, Lake tfc Hull, August 1, 1892;
Fort Colville, Lyall; Mason County, Piper 1051; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pullman,
//(/// 537; Ahnota, Piper 1935; without kx-ality, Vasey 307; Alkali Lake, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 414; Steptoe, Vasey, August 10, 1902; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager
575; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 661.
Zonal distribution: Traasition.
The roots of this plant have a sweet nutty flavor and were formerly much used for food
by the Indians. Forms of this species from Washington have been mistaken for Carum
kelloggii, Carum oreganum, and Eulophus bolanderi.
CICUTA. Water hemlock.
Fruit oblong 3. C occidenialis.
Fruit orbicular.
Leaflets thickish, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, closely and sharply
serrate or even cleft, strongly reticulate Ix^neath \.C. douglasii.
Leaflets thinner, linear-lanceolate, not so closely or sharply serrate,
not strongly reticulate beneath 2. C. vagans.
1. Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 95. 1900.
(Sium idougladi DC. Prod. 4: 125. 1830.
Cicuta purpurata Greene, Pittonia, 2: 8. 1889.
Type locality: "In America boreali occid." Collected by Douglas.
Range: In marshes from Oregon to Alaska.
Specimens examined: Straits of De Fuca, Scouler; Yakima County, Henderson, July,
August, 1892; confluence of Columbia, Douglas; Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889.
Zonal distribution : Transition.
2. Cicuta vagans Greene, Pittonia 2: 9. 1889.
Type locality: In an estuary of Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Collected by Greene.
Range: In wet places and marshes, from northeastern California to Idaho, British Colum-
bia, and Vancouver Island.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 427
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4069; Sumas, Henderson 373; Olympia, Hen-
derson 373; Nisqually Valley, Allen 255; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, September, 1883;
Kitsap County, Piper 640; Puyallup Reservation, Brodie, September, 1900; Chambers
Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1192; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey,
September 18, 1901 ; Waitsburg, Horner 620, 574; Clallam County, Elmer 2781.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The characters used to differentiate this from the preceding are admittedly not very
satisfactory. Good series of specimens may demonstrate them to be illusive.
3. Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 7. 1889.
Type locality: Trinidad, Colo., "near the New Mexican line."
Range: In the Rocky Mountain region, from the Black Flills of South Dakota to Wash-
ington, and southward through Colorado and northern Nevada to New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 3516; Pullman, Piper, August 23, 1897, 3512;
Spokane, Kreager 555; Meyer's Falls, Kreager ,503.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The three foregoing species appear in Suksdorf's list under the names C. virosa L., C
maculata L., and C . californica A. Gray, for which they were formerly mistaken.
ZIZIA.
1. Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch; DC. Prod. 4: 100. 1830.
Smyrnium cordaium Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788.
Thaspium trifoliatum apterum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856.
Type locality: None mentioned, but Carolina by implication.
Range: From eastern Canada to North Carolina and Alabama and extending westward
to Assiniboia, Alberta, Washington, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Crab Creek, Suksdorf 316; Wilbur, Henderson 2516; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 46; Pullman, Elmer 890; Piper 1557; Lake cfc Hull 534.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
LEIBERGIA.
1. Leibergia orogenioides Coult. & Rose,Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 575. pi. 21. 1896.
Type locality: "Santianne Creek bottoms, Coeur d'Alene Mountains, Idaho, altitude
950 meters." Collected by Leiberg.
Range: Wet ground, along streams, Idaho and Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Suksdorf {the distributed specimens cultivated
at Bingen, no. 1211).
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A related and undescribed species is represented by imperfect specimens collected by
Suksdorf between Cottonwood and Cheney (no. 314, June 14, 1884).
OENANTHE.
1. Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl.; DC. Prod. 4: 138. 1830. Water parsley.
Type locality: "Nootka Sound," Vancouver Island. Collected by Ilaenke.
Range: From British Columl)ia to central California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1S89; Montesano, Heller
3985; Seattle, Piper 632; Tacoma, Flett 147; Sumas, Lyall; Port Ludlow, Binns, July 25,
1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 35; Wind River, Flett 1300; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 57; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 1892; without locality, Vasey 303; Gray's
Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2762.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Oenanthe californica S. Wats, has been reported from Washington and it is listed
by Suksdorf, but it is quite certain that it does not occur so far north.
428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LIIiAEOPSIS.
1. Lilaeopsis occidentalis Coult. & Roso, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48. 1897.
Type locality: "Wet places on coast of Yaquina Bay, Oregon." Collected by Hall.
Range: Coast region from Oregon to British Columbia and southern Alaska.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 2759; Smith 642; Whidby Island, Gardner 129;
Lake Washington, Suksdorf 972; Oyhut, Lamb 1272; Fidalgo City, Flett 2113; Clallam
County, Elmer 2767; Shoalwater Bay, Henderson.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species was formerly considered the same as the Atlantic coast plant L. lineata
(Michx.) Greene [Crantzia lineata Nutt.).
BERULA.
1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 11.5. 1893.
Sium ereclum Huds. Fl. Angl. 103. 1762.
Sium angustifdium L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1672. 1763.
Berula angusti/olia Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. cd. 3. 2: 433. 1826.
Type locality: Not given, but presumably England.
Range: In swamps and streams, Ontario to Texas, westward to British Columbia and
California, and extending into Mexico.
Specimens examined: Near Tacoma, Flett 221, Septomlwr, 1896: Wilbur, Henderson;
Spokane, Pi-per 2850; Elmer, SeptemWr, 1897; Valley, Beattie <fc Chapman 2163.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LIGUSTICXJM.
St«ms naked, the leaves mostly ba.sal : flowci-s purpli.sh 4. L. jmrp^ireum.
St^ms leafy; flowers white.
Fruit merely ribbed, not winged 1. L. apiifoliumi
Fruit winged.
Inflorescence glabrous ; leaflets confluent 2. L. canbyi.
Inflorescence puberulent ; leaflets distinct 3. L. leibergi.
1. Lignsticum apiifoliiun (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868.
Cynapium apiifolium Nutt.; Torr. Gr. Fl. 1: 641. 1840.
Type locality: "Plains of Oregon, near the confluence of the Wahlamet." Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, HeUer 3973; Chehalis County, Lamb 1756; Olympia,
Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Columbia River, Nuttall; Cape Horn,
Piper 4914
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Idgusticum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 86. 1888.
Type locality: "Low grounds near head waters of Jocko River, Montana." Collected
by Canby.
Range: In the mountains of northwestern Montana, nortlicrn Idaho, eastern Wash-
ington, and adjacent British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull, August 24, 1892.
3. Ligusticvim leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 134. 1900.
Type locality: "Traille River Basin, Kootenai County, Idaho." Collected by Leiberg.
Range: Idaho and eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2427; Horner 308; Latah Creek, Suksdorf
1199.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 429
LiGUSTicuM TENuiFOLiUM S. Wats. was included in Suksdorfs list on the basis of the
Suksdorf specimen above cited.
4. Ligusticum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 137. 1900.
Type locality: "Goat Mountains, Washington." Collected by Allen.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2009, August, 1895; Allen 259: near Mount
Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 706; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 581.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Related to the above species, but apparently distinct, are the following specimens: Mount
Rainier, Piper 629; Stevens Pass, Sandberg <& Leiherg 731; Whited 1464; Wenache Moun-
tains, Cotton 1685; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 288. Better material is needed to clear
up the matter.
Ligusticum scothicum L. Sp. PI. 1: 250. 1753. Type locality, "Ad litora Maris in
Anglia, Suecia." Range, salt marshes along the east coast from. Labrador (and up the
St. Lawrence) to Connecticut; along the entire Alaskan coast; also coasts of northern Asia
and Europe. "Mouth of the Columbia," according to Hooker, basing on Douglas.a "Not
rare along coast at Shoalwater Bay," according to A. Gray, basing on Cooper, b The
species is common on the Alaskan coast, but there are no specimens preserved in American
herbaria to show that it occurs on the Washington coast.
GLEHNIA.
1. Glehnia littoralis (A. Gray) Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VII. IS^: 138. 1868, as
syn.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 165. 1900.
Cymopterns littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12^: 62. 1860.
Phellopterus littoralis Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VII. 12^ : 138. 1868.
Type locality: "On the sands of the seashore at Shoalwater Bay," Washington. Col-
lected by Cooper.
Range: Sandy seashores from Oregon to Alaska; also in Korea and Japan.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1249; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island,
Gardner 138; Clallam County, Elmer 2768; Ilwaco, Piper 5002.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PTERYXIA.
Leaves with pale rigid segments 1. P. terebintkina.
Leaves greener with segments not rigid 2. P. foeniculacea.'
1. Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900.
Selinum terebinthinum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 266. pi. 95. 1834.
Cymopterus terebinthinus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 624. 1840.
Pteryxia terebinthacea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840, as synonym.
Type locality : " Sandy grounds of the Wallawallah River, North-West coast of America."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Dry ground, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colvillc, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley.
Suksdorf 129; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 317; Atanum River, Flett 1295; Pasco, Hindshmv,
May, 1896; Piper 2980; Henderson, Ma;y, 1892; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Walla Walla region, Brandegee 803; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
230; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths <& Cotton 39; Prosser, Cotton 1080; Rock Creek,
Cotton 957.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
oFl. Bor. Am. 1: 265. 1834. &Pac. R. R. Rep. 122; 62. 1860.
430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Pteryxia foeniculacea (Torr. & Gr.) Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb.
7: 171. 1900.
Cymopterus foeniculaceus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840.
Type ixk-.^uty: "On rocks. Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens E.\.\.MiSEt): Blue Mountains, Ilortier 305: Pijnr 2S40: Tukanon River, Lake <&
Hvll 535: Almota. Pi'pr 2795: Wawawai, Elmer 770; without locality, Vaseij 309?; Clarks
Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 119.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HESPEROGENIA.
1. Hesperogenia Strickland! Coult. ».t Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 6: 203. 1899.
Type ukai.ity: "Mount Rainier, Wa.shington." Collected by Allen.
Range; Mount Rainier, Washington.
Specimens e.xamineu: Mount Rainier, AlUn 278; Flett, August, 1897; Stricklandm 1896.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
OROGENIA.
1. Orogenia linearifolia .S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 120. pi. 1 'f.Jigs. 1 to S. 1871.
Type localit*': "Damp .shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parley's Park, 7,500
feet altitude," Utah. Collected by Watson.
Range: From Washington and Idaho to Oregon, Utah, and soutlnvestern Colorado.
Specimens exa.mined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1882; east of the Cascade Mountains,
Wilkes Expedition.
SIUM.
1. Siuin cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1:5.58. 1798.
Sium lineare Michx. Fl. 1 : 167. 1803.
Stum pimllvm Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 611. 1840.
Type locality: Not determined.
Range: In swamps from Newfoundland to N'irginia, west to British Columbia and
northern California. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens examined: Sumas, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Pijxr, September, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 144, 220; Lindsley's ranch, Clarke County, Henderson 375, Trout Lake,
Suksdorf IS5; Spokane County, Stik.tdorf92'2; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 17, 1901;
Pullman, Piper; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hull 536; Toppenish, Cotton 768.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
COELOPLEURXJM.
Leaflets obtuse, very thick 1 . C. maritimum.
Leaflets acute or acuminate, thinner 2. C. longipes.
1. Coelopleurum maiitimum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 145. 1888.
Type locality: "We(^ ocean bluffs, Long Beach, llwaco (Pacific County), Wash." Col-
lected by Henderson.
Range: Ocean bluffs near the mouth of the Columbia River.
Speclmens examined: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892; Piper 4995.
Zonal distkibution: Humid Transition.
2. Coelopleurum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900.
Type locality: "Tide marshes near Astoria, Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Seacoast swamps, from the Columbia River to southern Alaska.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 567; Tacoma, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890;
Fairhaven, Suh^dorf 1200; Hoodsport, Henderson, August 15, 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Formerly confused with the more northern, larger-fruited C. gmelini (DC.) Ledeb.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 431
HYDROCOTYLE.
1. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. 177. 1781.
Type locality: "Mexico."
Range: Eastern Pennsylvania to Florida, thence westward to Texas, California, and
Washington.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 639; Tacoma, Flett 225; O'Briens, King County^
Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CORNACEAE. Dogwood Family.
Flowers perfect in cymes, either loose or head-like Cornus.
Flowers dioecious, in spikes Garrya.
CORNUS.
Flowers in loose cymes, not involucrate; fruit white or blue.
Cyme branches hairy; leaves loosely pubescent beneath 1. C. occidentalism
Cyme branches glabrous; leaves appressed-pubescent beneath 2. C . stolonifera.
Flowers in head-like cymes, surrounded by a conspicuous involucre; fruit
red.
Tree, 10 to 20 m. high ; bracts 4 to 8 cm. long 3. C. nuttallii.
Herbaceous, 8 to 20 cm. high; bracts 1 to 2 cm. long 4. C. canadensis^
1. Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & Gr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893.
Cornus pubescens Nutt. Sylva. 3: 54. 1849.
Cornus sericea f occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 652. 1840.
Type locality: "N. W. coast, Douglas, Mr. Tolmie! Dr. Scouler!"
Range: British Columbia to north California, east to Idaho.
Specimens examined: Montesano, 7/eZi«r 3857 ; Whidby Island, 6^ar(/n€r 139; Seattle,
Piper 262, July 10, 1895, July 4, 1897; Silverton, Bouclc 91; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Spokane, Piper 2692; Clarks Springs, Kreager 50, 571; Clallam County,
Elmer 2699; Valley, Beattie <& Chapman 2156.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Cornus drummondii Meyer, as recorded in Cooper's Report,is doubtless the above
species.
2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. 1:92. 1803. Red osier.
Type locality: "Hab. ad ripas amniumque rivorumque Canadae et Novae Angliae."
Range: New Brunswick to Alaska, south to Virginia, and in the mountains to Califor-
nia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 205, 1135; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Mabton, Cotton 368; west Klickitat County, SuJcs-
dorf; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull, August 8, 1892; New London, Lamb 1169; Sprague,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 151; Spokane, Henderson, June 12, 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hullf
August 25, 1892; Walla Walla, Mrs. L. P. Anderson; Pullman, Elmer 840; Piper 2648;
Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lalce cfc Hull 440; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896;
Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans has twice been reported from Washington. In each case
the specimens are, in our opinion, really C. stolonifera.
3. Cornus nuttallii Audubon; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 652. 1840. Dogwood.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains, and in north
Idaho.
432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper 113; upper Valley
Nisqually, Allen 208: Railroad Creek, Elmer in 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Clallam County, Elmer 2698: Stehekin, Grijfiths d' Cotton 225.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species very commonly blossoms a second time in the fallj when the fruit from the
spring flowers is ripe. These fall flowers are often pink-tinged.
4. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 118. 1753.
Type locality: "In Canada."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to California, Colorado, Minnesota, and
New Jersey.
Speclmens examined: Uwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 89;
Mount Kainier, /'7«'//293; Piper; Stevens P&ss, Sandberg <& Leiberg77Q ; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyali: "Columbia River, frequent," Douglas; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe;
Big Meadows, Kreager 423; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, July 3, 1902; without locality, Vasey
in 1889: Ilwaco, Piq)er 4950.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
CoRNus 8UECICA var. (i Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 277. " Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.
Dr. Scouler." The above reference is all the evidence we have of the occurrence of this
species in Washington. It is probable that the spt>cimen is merely a form of C. canadensis L.
GARRYA.
1. Oarrya fremontii Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 136. 1857.
Type locality': ''On the Upper Sacramento, above the Great Canon." Collected by
Fremont.
Range: Middle California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Wind River, F/c/< 1211.
Garrya elliptica Douglas is included by Suksdorf in his list, but there are no speci-
mens to substantiate its occurrence in Washington.
PYROLACEAE. Pyrola Family.
Flowers solitary ; style long Moneses.
Flowers not solitary.
Inflorescence a corymb; style .short Chimaphila.
Inflorescence a raceme; styles most ly long Pyrola.
MONESES.
1. Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 1 : 273. 1848.
Pyrola unifiora L. Sp. PI. 1 : 397. 1753.
J/oneses5rm7i(i(^oraS. F.Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2:403. 1821. •
Moneses reticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 271. 1843.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, Lamb 1084a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 67;
Silverton, Bouck 127; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 949; Skamania County,
Suksdorf224S; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1888; Big Meadows, Z^reoj^er 413; Ilwaco,
Piper 5023.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
CHIMAPHILA.
Flowers many; leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, numerous 1. C. umbellata.
Flowers few; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, few 2. C. menziesii.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 433
1. Chimaphila umbeUata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 274. 1818.
Pyrola umbeUata L. Sp. PI. 1 : 396. 1753.
Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh, Fl. 1 : 300. 1814.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Mexico and Georgia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; near Skagit Pass,
Lalce & Hull 564; Fort Vancouver; Wenache Valley, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 565; head of
Twisp River, Whited 189; without locality, Fasey 372; Olympic Mountains, JJZmcr 2471
;
Davis ranch, Kreager 179.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2. Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 317. 1825.
Pyrola menziesii R. Br.; D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 245. 1824.
Type locality: "Habitat in Americae ora boreali-occidentali."
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 103; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Flett 1215; Mount Stuart,
Sandberg & Leiberg 569; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 39; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, Octo-
ber 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake cfc Hull, July 4, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 284.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PYROLA.
Style straight.
Leaves orbicular; style very short 1. P. minor.
Leaves ovate ; style long 2. P. secunda.
Style curved downward.
Green leaves none, or very rudimentary.
Flowers red 3. P. aphylla.
Flowers white 5a. P. pida integra.
Green leaves present.
Calyx lobes obtuse, very short; flowers greenish 4. P. chlorantha.
Calyx lobes acute.
Flowers white or whitish.
Veins of leaves white-bordered 5. P. picta^
Veins of leaves not white-bordered.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, not glaucous 5a. P. picta dentata.
Leaves ovate, glaucous 5b. P. picta integra.
Flowers red or pink.
Leaves coriaceous, shiny, acute 6. P. bracteata.
Leaves thin, dull, obtuse 7. P. incarnata.
1. Pyrola minor L. Sp. PI. 1: 396. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa frigidiore."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Oregon, Isew Mexico, and New England.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2fy^; Wenache Region, Brandegee
948^; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 715; Klickit&t County , Suksdorf, July, 1886; Fort
Vancouver, Garry; Davis ranch, Kreager 208.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. ^' rola secunda L. Sp. PI. 1 : 396. 1753.
locality: "Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis."
'.: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Virginia, Michigan, New Mexico, and Cali-
lornia. Europe. Asia.
29418—06 M 28
434 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2046; Lake Wenache, Sarulberg cf* Leiberg 637; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26,
1892; Vancouver, May, 1826; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 727; Cascade Mountains to Col-
ville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1S60; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality,
Vasey 369; Clallam County, Elmer 2468; Davis ranch, Kreager 180; Big Meadows,
Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Kalispel Valley, Kreager in 1902.
Zonal distribction: Canadian.
<
3. Pyrola aphylla Smith, Rees' Cycl. 29: n. 7. 1814.
Purola aphylla paucifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 425. 1901.
Type localiti": ''Gathered on the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies,
at Nootka Sound according to Don.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 190; Seattle, Piper 142; Tacoma, Flett
115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Nason Creek, Sandbcrg d' Leiberg 622;
Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1892; without locality, Vasey 371; Kalispel Lake,
Kreager 341.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
4. Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1810: 190. pi. 5. 1810.
Type locality: Carlsberg, near Stockholm, Sweden.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Oregon, Colorado, ^lebraska, and
Virginia.
Specimens e.\amined: Island County, Henderson 2416; Whidby Island, Gardner 191
;
Ni-squally Valley, Allen, July 21, 1894; Wenache Region, Brandegee 948; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 158; Mount Adams, Flett 1212; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 542; Blue Mountains,
Lake d' Hvll 769; without locality, Vasey 367; Davis ranch, Spokane County, Kreager 207.
Zonal distribution: Canadian andTran.oition.
6. Pyrola picta Smith, Rees' Cycl 20: n. 8. 1814.
Type locality. "Found on the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies,
whose specimens. Hooker states, are from Nootka Sound.
Range: Vancouver Island to California, Wyoming, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Mount Adams, Flett 1216;
Baldy Peak, Lamb 1293; Peshastin, Sandberg <fe Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek,
Sandberg d; Leiberg 620; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; without locality, Va^<iey
370; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5a. Pyrola picta dentata (Smith).
Pyrola dentata Smith, Rees' Cycl. 20: n. 6. 1814.
Type locality: "Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America," at
Nootka, according to Don.
Range:
Specimens examined: Near Union City, Piper 935; Mount Elinor, Mason County,
Jennie V . Getty in 1902; Clallam County, Elmer; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 336.
2iONAL distribution: Humid Transition.
6b. Pyrola picta integ^ra (A. Gray).
Pyrola dentata integra A. Gray; Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12^: 54. 1860.
Pyrola pallida Greene, Pittonia 4: 39. 1899.
Pyrola sparsifolia Suksdorf, Allg.'Bot. Zeitschs. 12: 26. 1906.
Type locality: "On high wooded hills, east of Mount Adams."
Range: Washington to southern California.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 332; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 440;
Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; Valley, Beattie cfc Chapman 2*277.
Zonal distribution : Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 435
6. Pyrola bracteata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 47. 1834.
. Pijrola rotundifolia hradeata A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 460. 1876.
Type ix)cality: "N. W. Coast." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Skokomish River,
Henderson, June 15, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 68; Mount Rainier, Piper 2048; Mount
Adams, Flett 1213; Falcon Valley, Svksdorf 1546 in part; Fish Lake, Chelan Count}',
A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1900; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Big Meadowc,
Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Clallam
County, Elmer 2465.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Pyrola incamata (DC.) Fisch.; DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839, as synonym.
Pyrold rotundifolia incarnata DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839. '
Pyrola elata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.
Type locality: "In Dahuria."
Range: Alaska to New England and Oregon. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 2760; San Juan Island, LyaU in 1858; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg 614; Railroad
Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Twisp River, Whited 219; Skagit Pass, Lalce cfc Hull,
August 25, 1892; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 1546 in part; Blue Mountains, Ijuke & Hull 565;
Yakima Count}', Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Big Meadow, Stevens County, Kreager, August 6,
1902; Davis ranch, Kreager 182.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
One of Lyall's specimens, which has been considered to be P. elliptica Nutt., is probably
a form of P. incarnata. We have seen no satisfactory evidence that P. elliptica occurs
west of the Rocky Mountains.
MONOTROPACEAE. Indian Pipe Family.
Ovary 4 or 5-celled.
Corolla wanting; flowers spicate Allotropa.
Corolla present; flowers solitary or racemose.
Flowers solitary Monotropa.
Flowers racemose.
Corolla pol^'petalous, deciduous Hypopitys.
Corolla gamopetalous, persistent Pterospora.
Ovary 1-celled.
Calyx of 4 or 5 lacerate sepals; petals similar Pleuricospora.
Calyx of 2 entire sepals; corolla tubular Hemitomes.
ALLOTROPA.
1. Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 6^: 80, 81. 1857.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon." Collected by Pickering.
Range: Washington to California from the Cascades and Sierras to the coast.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 478; Lake Keechclus, Henderson, July 27, 1892;
Lake W^enache, Sandberg & Leiberg 631 ; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2470.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Humid Transition and Canadian.
PTEROSPORA.
1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818.
Type locality: "In Upper Canada near the Falls of Niagara."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull,
August 24, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1859; Loon Lake, Winston; Lake Wenache,
436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 632; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey
375; Clallam County, Elmer 2462; Clarks Springs, Kreager 125.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
MONOTBOPA.
1. Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. PI. 1: 387. 1753. Indian pipe".
Type locality: "Habitat in Marilandia, Virginia, Canada."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Asia.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmic, Parker, July 25, 1892; upper Nisqually River,
Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck; west
Klickitat County, SvJcsdorf 78; without locality, Vasey 376; Clallam County, Elmer 2436;
Kalispcl Lake, Kreager 348.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
HYPOPITYS.
1. Hypopitys hypopitys (L.) Small, Mem. Torr. Club. 4: 137. 1894.
MonotrojM hypopitys L. Sp. PI. 1: 387. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae, Angliae, Canadae sylvis. Parasitica
radicum."
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to Arizona and Florida.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 238; Piper 2045; Baldy Peak, Lamh 1297;
Wilkeson, Flett 32; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 199; Cascade Mountaifis to Colville,
LyaU in 1860; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, Ociohcr 5,11892; Mount kda.n\s, SvJcsdorf;
Yakima Pass, Watson 261a; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 623; Clallam County, Elmer
2464.
2k>NAL distribution: Humid Transition, Canadian.
PLEURICOSPORA.
1. Pleuricospora fiznbriolata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 369. 1868.
Type locality: " In or near the Mariposa Sequoia gigantea Grove," California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Green River Hot Springs, Piper, July,'1888; Skamania County,
Suksdorf, July 25, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
HETVTTTOMES.
1. Hemitozaes congestum A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6^: 80. 1855.
Newberrya Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 8: 55. 1867.
Type locality: "Upper Des Chutes Valley," Oregon. Collected by Newberry.
Range: Western Washington, western Oregon, and northern California.
Specimens examined: Near Tacoma, F/««, October 2, 1897; Snoqualmie, Miss Parker,
August 1, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 9S7 ; Seattle, Tarleton in 1894; Mount Elinor,
Jennie V .Getty, August, 1902; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 19, 1892 and 2168; with-
out Ipcality, Oeo. Gibbs; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 339.
Doctor Gray referred the Gibbs specimen to Newberrya spicata A. Gray in the original
description, but the specimen .seems to us to be A'^. congesta.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
ERICACEAE. Heather Family.
Fruit a berry or drupe.
Calyx becoming large and fleshy; bark not red Gaultheria (p. 441).
Calyx small; bark red.
%PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 437
Tree ; berry many-seeded Arbutus (p. 437)
.
Shrab; drupe 5 to lO-seeded Arctostaphylos (p. 437).
Fruit a dry capsule.
'_ Anther cells each tipped with a recurved awn.
Leaves opposite ; style long, slender Cassiope (p . 438)
Leaves alternate; style short, stout Harrimanella (p. 439).
Anther cells not appendaged.
Corolla gamopetalous.
Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly leaf-buds.
Leaves heath-like; corolla without pouches . Phyllodoce (p.439).
Leaves lanceolate; corolla with 10 pouches,
which hold the anthers Kalmia (p. 439).
Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly.
Corolla funnel form, 5-lobed Rhododendron (p. 440).
Corolla globose, 4-toothed Menziesia (p. 440).
Corolla c^oripetalous; bracts deciduous.
Flowers white, umbelled; leaves evergreen Ledum (p. 440).
Flowers coppery, solitary; leaves deciduous Cladothamnus (p. 442).
ABBUTTJS.
1. Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814 Madrona.
Type Locality: "On the northwest coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Eange: British Columbia to Cahfornia along the coast.
Specimens examined: Mat Mats Bay, Binns; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
Not uncommon, especially on the bluffs along Puget Sound, and in similar situations
where the trees receive abundant light.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
Erect shrubs 1 to 2 meters high 1. A. tomentosa.
Prostrate creeping shrubs.
Leaves retuse at apex 2. A. uva-ursi.
Leaves cuspidate at apex 3. A. nevadensis.
1. Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: pZ. 1701. 1836.
Manzanita.
Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814.
Type locality: "On the North-west Coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Western Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1896; McNeils Island, Flett, June, 1895;
Mason County, Piper 898; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 9S5, 660; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2473; Vancouver, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1902; Vancouver, Piper 4936.
Zonal distribution : Humid transition.
Hooker a recognizes two forms of this species A. tomentosa hispida and A. tomentosa
nuda, the former with hispid, the latter with smooth branchlets. The first form is appar-
ently typical A. tomentosa.
2. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 287. 1825. Kinnikinnick.
Arbutus uva-ursi L. Sp. PI. 1: 395. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa frigida, Canada."
Range: Arctic regions, southward to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.
Europe. Asia.
aFl.Bor. Am. 2:37. 1834.
f438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895: Tacoma, Flett 6.5: Mount
Rainier, Piper 2058; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Loomis, Elmer 585
CJonconully, Whited 1324; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in ISCO
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896, May 8, 1898; Hangman Creek, Sandberg ct- Leiberg 69
without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2474; Spokane, Kreager 170; near
Delight, Cotton 998.
Zonal distribition: Transition to Hudsonian.
3. Arctostaphylos nevadensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 27. 1878.
Type ix)CALrn-: "Sierra Nevada, California, common at f^lOOOO feet."
Range: Washington to California in the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Skagit Pass, Lalce tt Hull, August 24, 1892; Stampede Timnel,
Henderson, June 20, 1892; near Longmire Springs, Pif>er 20A7: upper Nisqually Valley,
Alien UO; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf, July 12, 1886; Mount Stuart, Sandberg d' Leiberg .548;
west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf, May 7, 1886; Roslyn, Whited Z57; without locality, Vasey
379.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Arctostaphtlos MEDIA Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891 Typelocality: " On dr\ gravelly
ground in Mason County," Washington. Collected by Piper. Range: Western Wa.shing-
ton. Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Patterson: near Union City, Piper 899 (type).
This plant is unquestionably a hybrid between ^4. uva-ursi and A. tomentosa. It occurs
sparingly and only where both of the parents are abundant.
CASSIOPE.
Leaves with a deep dorsal furrow 1 . C. tetragona.
Leaves not dorsally furrowed 2. C. mertensiana.
1. CaJisiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 1.58. 1834.
Andromed<i tetragona L. Sp. PI. 1: 393. 17.53.
Type locauty: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis."
Ranoe: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Washington [Oregon?] and Hudson Bay.
Asia. /
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49", Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer,
Augu.st, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Hudsoqian.
2. Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 829. 1834.
Andromeda mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 152. 1832.
Andromeda cupressina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1838
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California. *
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2184; J.M.Grant; Cascade Mountains
to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck 124; Mount Rainier, Flett 302; Allen 202;
Piper 2053; Mount Stuart, E^mer 1109; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 714; Horseshoe Basin, Lake c& Hull 563.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Cassiope lycopodioides D. Don is included in Suksdorf's list, but thie species is not
known south of Alaska.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASHINGTON. 439
HARKIMANELLA. Alaska heather.
1. Harrimanella stelleriana (Pall.) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3: 574. 1901.
Andromeda stelleriana Pall. Fl. Ross. 1^: 58. 1788. '
'
Cassiope stelleriana DC. Prod. T^: 611. 1839. „..,!...., , . .":
Type locality: Kamtschatka. . ; ' . . > . .
Range : Alaska to Mount Rainier. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 203; Flett 233; Piper 2050, August, 1895;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 686.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
PHYLLODOCE.
Corolla ovoid, yellowish
,^
1. P. glanduliflora
.
Corolla carapanulate, red 2. P. empetriformis.
1. Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Coville, Mazama 1: 196. 1897.
Menziesia glanduliflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 40. 1834.
Bryanthus glanduliflorus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 368. 1868.
Type locality: "Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°." Collected by Drum-
mond.
Range : Sitka to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Flett
299; Piper 2052; Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 945; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 434; Parry cfc Suksdorf, September 8, 1880; Horseshoe Basin, Lahe cfc Hur.,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 870.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 160. 1834.
Menziesia empetriformis Smith, Linn. Trans. 10: 380. 1811.
Bryanthus empetriformis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 367. 1868.
Type locality: "On the west coast of North Ameiica." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant '22; Silverton, Bouck 123; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2043; Paradise Valley, Flett 298; Goat Mountains, Allen 104; Baldy Peak,
Lamb 1354; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg,
August, 1893; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18C9; Fish Lake, Dunn; Loomis,
Elmer 573; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull 562; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 668;
Entiat River, Mrs. Howe; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2478.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
1. Kalmia glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 64. 1789.
Kalmia glauca rosmarinifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 296. 1814.
Type locality: Newfoundland.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, the Great Lakes, and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 135; Piper in 1885; Tacoma, Flett 27; Nisqually
Valley, Allen 4; Ilwaco, Piper 4949.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
la. Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 41. 1834.
Kalmia microphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.
Type locality: "Swamps in the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2090; Allen 96; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
cfe Leiberg 718; Mount Stuart, FRmer 1103; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 771.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RHODODENDRON.
Leaves evergreen; inflorescence terminal; flowers pink 1. R. caJlfomicum..
Leaves deciduous; inflorescence lateral; flowers white 2. R. albijlorum.
1. Rhododendron californicum Hook. Bot. Mag. 11: pi. 4^63. 1855.
Rhododendron macrophyUum G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 843. 1834.
Type ux:alit.y: "From the mountains of California."
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 193; Mat Mats Bay, Binns, June 2,
1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, June, 1893; Seattle, Piper; near Uniou^City, Piper; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 2475.
Zonal distribition: Humid Transition.
This species is closely related to the eastern R. maximum L., to which Hooker once
referred our plant.
a. Rhododendron albiflonim Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 43. 1834.
Cladothamnus campanulatus Greene, Erythea 3: 65. 1895.
Type locality: "Alpine woods of the Rocky Mts." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 387; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount Rainier, Piper 2049; Allen 216, 309a; Mount Adams, Suhs-
dorf 435; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg tfc Lei-
herg, Augtist, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 209; Bridge Creek, Elmer 712; Nason
Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 663; without locality, Vasey 365; Clallam County, Elmer 2461.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
MENZIESIA.
1. Menziesia ferruginea Smith, Ic. PI. 3: pi. 56. 1791.
Memiesia urceolaris Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 44- 1806.
Memiema glabella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 39. 1878.
Type locality': "In Araericae borealis tractu occidentali copiosissime crescit." Col-
lected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2186, 2185; J. M. Grant in 1889;
Mason County, Ptper 1079; Montcsano, //eWer 3868; Hoquiam, Zximft 1015; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 4^,LyaU; Silvcrton, Bouck 121; Mount Rainier, Pip^r, August, 1895; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 3; Mount Adams, Flett 1214; Suksdorf 5S7 ; Skamania County, Suks-
dorf, August 10, 1889; Stevens Pass, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 727; Stampede Tunnel, Hender-
son 2418; Watson 254; Markham, Lamb 1115; without locality, Cooper; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 272; Ilwaco, Piper 4991.
2k)NAL distribution: Canadian to Hudsonian.
The characters relied upon by Doctor Gray to distinguish M. glabella break down
completely.
LEDUM.
Leaves oval or oblong, not revolute-margined \. L. glandidosum.
Leaves lanceolate, the margins revolute.
Rusty-tomentose beneath 2. L. groenlandicum.
Glaucous beneath 3. L. columbianum.
1. Ledum glandulosnm Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.
Type locality: "In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains on the sides of mountains
which close up Thomburg's ravine." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 574; near Lake Chelan, Gorman 583, 768.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 441
2. Ledum groenlandicum Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4: pi. 567. 1770. Labrador tea.
Ledum latifolium Jacq. Coll. 2: 308. 1788.
Type locality: "In Groenlandia."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 9S^; Admi-
ralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Whidby Island, Gardner 194; Seattle, Piper 137; Tacoma,
Flett 219.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Ledum columbianum sp. nov.
Erect with erect branches, 60 to 90cm. high; bark becoming smooth and brown; leaves
oblong, reticulate, 4 to 6 cm. long, rather obtuse but apiculate, strongly revolute, dark green
and glabrous above, whitish and resinous-dotted beneath, the midrib and short petiole
minutely puberulent as well; corymbs terminal, convex, 3 to 5 cm. broad; pedicels slender,
puberulent and resinous-dotted, recurved in fruit, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; lobes of the calyx very
small, broadly rounded; petals white, oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; stamens 5 to 7, tho
filaments sparsely hirsute at base ; ovary minutely canescent and resinous-dotted ; capsules
oblong, acutish.
Collected by the writer in a sphagnum bog at Ilwaco, Pacific County, June 22, 1904 (no.
6451). The type is deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium. Also collected at Clatsop,
Oreg., by Coville, September, 1, 1898 (no. 869).
This species is nearest related to L. groenlandicum, from which it may at once be distin-
guished by the absence of the tomentose pubescence. In this respect it resembles L.glan-
dulosum alone, but the capsule characters are those of the former species. Its zonal
position is apparently Humid Transition.
GAULTHERLA..
Corolla urceolate, filaments hairy; shrub 1 to 2 meters high I. G. sTiaUon.
Corolla campanulate; filaments glabrous; shrubs 5 to 20 cm. high.
Leaves ovate or subcordate, 2 to 4 cm. long 2. G. ovatifolia.
Leaves oval, about 1 cm. long 3. (r. humifusa.
1. Gaultheria shaUon Pursh, Fl. 1: 283. 1814. Salal.
Type locality: "On the falls of the Columbia [i.e. Celilo] and near the Western Ocean"
[mouth of Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Central California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3870; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 102 ; Yakima Pass, Watson 251 ; Skamania County, Suksdorf
1540; without locality, Fasey 381; without locality. Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer
2477; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Gaultheria ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 85. 1883.
Type locality: "Wooded banks of streams and cafions of the Cascade Mountains,
borders of British Columbia, Washington Territory, and N. Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and North Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2187; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, AUen 101a; Mount Rainier, Piper 2055; Flett
250; Mount Adams, ^wisdor/" 154; Stampede Tunnel, JFZerwiersorj, June 25, October 4, 1892;
Yakima Pass, Watson 252; Goose Lake, Flett 1218; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in I860:
without locality, Vasey 380; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River, Kreager 398.
Zonal distribution : Canadian and Hudsonian.
3. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 300. 1900.'
Vaccinium humifusum Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1831 (Apr.-Oct.): 193. 1831.
Gaultheria myrsinites Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 35. t. 129. 1834.
442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ttpe IjOCality: Type raised from seed collected by Drunimond in the Rocky Mountains
of British America.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens ex.vmixed: Mount Rainier, Piper 2044; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 153;
Kittitas County, SanJberg d' Leiherg 706.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
CLADOTHAMNTJS.
1. Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 155. t. 1. 1832.
Tolmxea occxdentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 45. 1834.
Type localiti-: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859: Baldy Peak,
Lamh 1368.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
VACCINIACEAE. Blueberry Family.
Erect shrubs ; corolla cylindric or urceolate Vaccinium.
Trailing \'ines : corolla deeply 4-cleft, the lobes spreading Oxycoccus.
VACCINItTM, Blueberry.
Leaves evergreen ; filaments hairy 1 . V. ovatum.
Leaves deciduous ; filaments glabrous.
Flowers in clusters of 2 to 4 ; corolla mostly 4-Iobed ; calyx deeply
4 or 5-parted.
Leaves thick, prominently veiny, obtasc or retuse 2. V . uliginosutn.
Leaves thinner, obscurely veiny, obtuse or acute 3. V. occidentcle.
Flowers solitary ; corollas mostly 5-lobed ; calyx obscurely lobed.
Low shrubs, less than one-half meter high.
Branches sharply angled; berries red or wine-color 4. V. scoparium.
Branches terete; berries blue with a bloom.
Leaves rather thin, bright green on both sides;
corolla ovate or oblong 5. V. caespitosum.
Leaves thicker, pale and glaucescent; corolla
globose 6. V. delidosum.
Taller shrubs 1 to 3 meters high.
Leaves serrate; berries blackish without bloom 7. V . macrophyUum.
Leaves entire.
Berries blue with a bloom 8. V. ovalifolium.
Berries red 9. V. parvifolium.
1. Vaccinium ovatum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 290. 1814.
Type locality-: "On the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis, the exact spot Fort
Clatsop near Astoria, Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3942; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1037; Olym-
pia, Henderson, May, August, 1892; Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 24, 1898; near Lake
Washington, Suksdorf 984; Seattle, Suksdorf 984; Port Ludlow, Binns; Tacoma, Flett
59; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Very variable as to fruit, being black and shiny or blue and glaucous. The berries vary
likewise in flavor and texture.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 443
2. Vaccinium tiliginosum L. Sp. PI. 1 : 350. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae borealiVjus et alpinis, uliginosis."
Range: Arctic regions, southward to Oregon, Lake Superior, and New York. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Vaccinium occidentale A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 451. 1876.
Type locality: "Sierra Nevada at 6000 or 7000 feet, from Mariposa to Sierra Co.,"
California. "Mountains of Utah."
Range: Washington to Idaho, southward to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, ffoweZZ 330 ; Mount Adams, iSwArsdor/", August,
1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf 1878; Signal Peak, Henderson, August 13, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, Mazama 1 : 196. 1897.
Vaccinium myrtillus micropTiyllum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 33. 1834.
Vaccinium microphyllum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897, not Reinw. 1826.
Type locality: "Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage." Col-
lected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2054; Goat Mountains, Allen 219; moun-
tains north of Ellensburg, Whited 765; Wenache Mountains, WJtited 1241; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1175; Big Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg <fc
Leiberg 741; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
6. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Fl. 1: 234. 1803.
Vaccinium caespitosum cuneifolium Nutt.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 24. 1878.
Vaccinium caespitosum arbuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 24. 1878.
Type locality: "In borealibus Americae, praesertim circa sinum Hudsonis."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, Colorado, and New England.
Specimens examined: Near Union City, Piper 1078; Humptulips, Lamb 1188; Segua-
liche Lake, Piper 269; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 111; Simcoe Mountains, J . Howell, June,
1879; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 584; Columbia Plains, Nuttall ; Lake Wenache, Sandberg <k
Leiberg 635; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 78; Pullman, Piper 1720; Elmer 183;
without locality, Vasey 382.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Vaccinium deliciosum Piper, Mazama 2: 103. 1901.
Type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington.
Range: Cascade and Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall ; Mount Rainier, Allen 217; Piper 2056; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12,
1892; Suksdorf 585, 198; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 746; Olympic Mountains,
Elmer 2460.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Vaccinitun macrophyllum (Hook.).
Vaccinium myrtilloides macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 32. 1834.
Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit., as synonym.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia and Oregon to Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant m 1889; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Skagit Pass, La^e, August 24, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper
2057; Allen 218; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 77 and July 13, 1886; Fleit 1217; Wenache
Lake, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 688; head of Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896; Stevens Pass,
444 . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sandberg <& Leiberg 744; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June 20, 1892; above Lake Chelan,
Lake dk HuU 561; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; without locality, Vasey 385;
Kreager 233.
2k>NAL distribution: Canadian mainly.
The form in the Blue Mountains and the Bitt^rroots tends to have the leaves pale or
glaucous beneath. This seems to be V. glohxdare Rydberg, but we do not deem it distinct
enough to be worthy of nomenclatorial recognition.
8. Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith, Rees' Cycl. 36: no. 2. 1817.
Type localiti-: "Brought by Mr. Menzics from the west coast of North America."
Range: Alaska to Lake Superior and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895;
Nisqually Valley, AUen 220a, 220; Mount Adams, Suksdorf \b2; Big Creek prairies, Lamb
1410; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg dk
Leiberg 786; Skamania County, August 10, 1886; without locality, Vasey 384; Stevens
Pass, WhiUd 1455.
Zonal distribition : Canadian.
0. Vaccinium paTvifolium Smith, R-ees' Cycl. 36: no. 3. 1817. Red huckleberry.
Type locality': "Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America."
Range: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1016; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1214; Monte-
sano, Hellir 3869; Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 3, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 15,
1890; Cascade Mountaias, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Tacoma, Flett 40;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 71; Yakima Pass, Watson 250; Mount Adama, Suksdorf 586;
Vancouver, Suitstfoi/ 151; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, ^imer 2459; Fort Van-
couver, Douglas, Scolder.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
OXYCOCCTJS.
1. Oxycoccus oxycoccus intermedius (A. Gra3'). Western cranberry.
Vaccinium oxycoccus intermedium A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 •: 396. 1886.
Type locality: "Washington Territory and N. Oregon." Collected by Suksdorf and
by Henderson.
Range: British Columbia to northern Idaho and western Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Tacoma, /^Zett 224 ; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf; mouth of Columbia, Douglas.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Family.
Stems short; leaves in a basal rosette.
Corolla lobes reflexed ; stamens exserted Dodecatheon (p. 445)
.
Corolla salverform; stamens included Douglasia (p. 447)
.
Stems leafy; corolla rotate or wanting.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary-axillary.
Corolla none; capsule dehiscent by valves; leaves
usually opposite Glaux (p. 447).
Corolla present; capsule circumscissile ; leaves usually
alternate Centunculus (p. 447).
Flowers not solitary-axillary or if so long-petioled.
Leaves clustered near the summit of the stem Trientalis (p. 447)
Leaves opposite not clustered.
Flowers solitarj--axillary; leaves not punctate Steironema (p. 448).
Flowers in axillary spikes; leaves punctate Naumburgia (p. 448)
:
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 445
DODECATHEON. Shooting star.
Capsule dehiscing by valves from the apex.
Filaments united into a yellow tube half as long as the
anthers.
Plant glabrous 1. D. vulgare.
Plant puberulent 2. D. jmhervlum.
Filaments free.
Flowers white; leaves dentate 3. D. dentatum.
Flowers purple; leaves entire 4. D. campestre.
Capsule circumscissile; filaments free or nearly so, black.
Flowers normally tetramerous 5. D. tetranJrum.
Flowers normally pentamerous.
Herbage viscid-puberulent 6. D. viscidum.
Herbage glabrous.
Capsules ovate.
Leaves broadly elliptic to obovate 7. D. latifolium.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenate 9. D. jeffreyi.
Capsules cylindric.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse 8. D. conjugens.
Leaves lanceolate, acute 8a. D. conjugens leptophyllum.
1. Dodecatheon vulgare (Hook.)
Dodecatheon integrifolium Michx. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 118. 1838.
Dodecatheon integrifolium vulgare Hook. 1. c.
Dodecatheon meadia paucijlorum Durand, PI. Pratt. 95. 185.5.
Dodecatheon paucijlorum Greene, Pittonia 2: 72. 1890.
Type locality: "Woody country of the Hudson's Bay territories to Carlton House
Fort, and in prairies of the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 201; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1893;
Orcas Island, Lj/aZHn 1859; Pullman, Piper 1730; Mmer 174; Toppenish, Cotton 1137.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Dodecatheon puberulum. (Nutt.)
Dodecatheon meadia puherula Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 48. 1834.
Dodecatheon cusickii Greene, Pittonia 2: 73. 1890.
Dodecatheon puberulentum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897.
Type locality: "Near the borders of Flathead river."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Rock Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiherg, May, 1893; Pasco, Hindshaw 5;
Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1898; Spokane, Nelson 2880; Piper, May 16, 1896; Waitsburg,
Homer 117; Kamiak Butte, Moore, June 4, 1893; Pullman, Piper 1814, 1730; Elmer 174;
Almota, Piper 1793; White Salmon, Suksdorf 280; Wenache, Whiied 1018; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 357.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The types of meadia puberula and puberulentum are identical, the whole plant excepting
the blades being puberulent. The type of cusickii has the whole herbage puberulent, but
otherwise is the same. Both forms occur together and thus the difference seems of no value.
3. Dodecatheon dentatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Dodecatheon meadia latilobum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2 *: 58. 1878.
Type locality: "N. W. interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, £'Zmer 438; Brandegee 956; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Icicle Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 558; without locality,
Fasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4974.
446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Dodecatheon campestre Howell, Fl. X. W. Am. 1: 432. 1901.
\ DodecatKeon iniegrifoUum minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Type ixk-alitv: " In prairies on the Klickitat Hills, Klickitat Co., Washington."
Range: Eastern \Yashington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdoif 290; Fort Colville, LyaU;
plains of the Columbia River, Nitttall.
This is the species to which Nuttall first applied the herbarium name of eUipticum, but in
describing what he thought to be Xuttall's D. ellipticum, Durand really described the plant
later nanied D. patulum Greene.
5. Dodecatheon tetrandrum Suksdprf, Grythea 3: 40. 1895.
Type locality: Chiquash Mountains, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Chiquash Mountains, Sul-sdvrf 998; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
August 7, 1885; Skamania County, August 11, 1886, Suksdorf.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
6. Dodecatheon viscidum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.
Type locality: "Ten miles west of Spangle," Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens exa.mined: Spangle, Piper 3542; ten miles west of Spangle, Piper 2832.
Zonal dlstiubi-tion: Arid Transition.
7. Dodecatheon latifolium (Hook.)
Dodecatheon inleffrifulium latifolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Dodecatheon hendersoni A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 2: 232. 1886.
Type locality': "Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Coupcville, (rorf/ner 200; Tacoma, F^ett91.
Zonal dlstribution: Humid Transition.
8. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene, Erythea 3: 40. 1895.
Type locality: "On dry hills near Helena, Montana."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Speclmens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf 289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
160; Ellensbui^, Whifed 280; Waitsburg, Horner 116; Pullman, Piper 2017; Moore 1731;
Elmer 175; Klickitat Hills, Howell 1942; Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5^
8a. Dodecatheon conjugens leptophylliun (Suksdorf).
Dodecatheon hendersoni Uptophyllum Suksdorf, Dcutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 22GQ; near Mount Adams, Flett 1210;
Okanogan County, Whited 57.
0. Dodecatheon jeflfreyi Van Houtte, Fl. de Serres 16: 99. 1865.
Dodecatheon mviparum Greene, Erythea 3: 38. 1895.
Dodecatheon crenatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 74. 1890.
Type locality: "Montagnes-Rocheuses."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2223; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1890,
Piper 2102; Baldy Peak, Lamb 13.57; Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull 455; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg <& Leiberg 713.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 447
The illustration in the Flora de Serres seems to be exactly the plant common in the Bitter-
root Mountains, of Idaho, so far as one may judge from the flowering plant alone. The
Cascade Mountains plant {D. viviparum) differs only in having the leaves obscureh- crenate
instead of entire or denticulate. The capsule characters are the same in both
DOTJGLASIA.
Leaves canescent with forked hairs 1. D. dentata.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so 2. D. laevigata-
1. Douglasia dentata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.
Douglasia nivalis dentata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 399. 1886.
Androsace dieckiana Haussk. Mitt, dcs Bot. Ver. fiir gesammt-Thuringen 1890 : 22. 1890.
Type locality: "On a dry ridge above Peshastin Canon," Washington. Collected by
Watson.
Range: IntheWenache region, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1230; Sandberg <fc Leiberg 545; Wenache
Mountains, Whited in 1896; Wenache Region, Brandegee 952; Yakima Region, Brandegee;
Peshastin Canyon, Watson 264; Kittitas County, Henderson 2365; Clealum, Henderson in
1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
2. Douglasia laevigata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 105. 1880.
Type locality: Mount Hood, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: W^ashington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 804; Henderson
July, 1890, 2366; J. M. Grant in 1889; Elmer 2801; Goat Mountains, Allen 187.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Douglasia nivalis Lindl., listed by Suksdorf, is not known west of the Rocky Mountains.
GLAUX.
1. Glaux maritimaL. Sp. PI. 1: 207. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Sea coasts, California to Alaska and New England to Greenland. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: W^estport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner
199; Seattle, Piper; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 989; without locality. Cooper.
The last three specimens are referable toC mariiima obtusifolia Fernald,a differing from
the species in its more erect habit, simple or sparingly branched stems, and broader leaves.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CENTTTNCULUS.
1. Centunculus minimus L. Sp. PI. 1: 116. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Italiae, Galliae, Scaniae arenosis."
Range: Washington to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. South America. Europe.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June, 1880; Spokane, Piper 2765;
Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13, 1892; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 322.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
TRIENTALIS. Star flower.
Leaves crowded near the summit of the stem 1. T. latifolia.
Loaves scattered along the stem ; bog plant 2. T. arctica.
1. Trientalis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europaea latifolia Torr. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 118. 1860.
aRhodora4: 215. 1902.
448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type uxjautt: "About Fort Vancouver. Wallawallah River." Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Vancouver Island to North California and the Blue Mountains.
Specimens e.xamined: Montesano, ffeZ7fr3880; Hoquiam,I,a»)6 1051; San Juan Island,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 150; Tacoma, Flett 11; Olympia, Henderson, May 25, 1892;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 10, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 22; Silverton,
Bouck 137; Nason Creek, Sandherg <k Leiberg 650; lower Cascade Mountains, Snlcsdotf,
May 30, 1886; Roslyn, Whited 412; Nason City, Saridberg <& Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue
Mountains, Homer 52; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
In Cooper's Report " this plant was referred to as T. europaea.
2. Trientalis arctica Fisch.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europea arctica Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 25. 1847.
Type locality: "Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits, to
Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2799; Whidby Island, Gardner 198;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; upper Nis-
qually Valley, AUen 20; Tacoma, Flett 317; Skamania County, Sukadorf 1528; Ilwaco,
Henderson; Piper 5022; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 733; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
STEIBONEMA.
1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7: 192. 1820.
Lysimachia ciliaia L. Sp. PI. 1: 147. 1753.
Type locality: Habitat in Vii^inia, Canada.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1424; Cascade Mountains, 49°, LyaZZ in 1859;
White Salmon, Sitksdorf AA^\ along Methow River, Whited 177 ; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull
456; Pend Oreille River, Kreager, August, 1£02; Clarks Springs, Kreager 131; Spokane,
Kreager 546; Piper, September, 1896; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1729;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mabton, Cotton 751.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
NAUMBURGIA.
1. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby in DC. Prod. 8: 60. 1844.
Naumburgia guttatta Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802.
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Sp. PI. 1: 147. 1753. ,
Type locality: Europe. _
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia.
Specime.ns examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 407; Falcon Valley, Suksdoif iA2; Toppenish, Henderson 2425; junction
Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandherg tfc Leiberg 250; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hull 685.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
Primula hornemanniana Lehm. is said to have been collected at Fort Vancouver by
Gairy. b This is evidently an error, as the species is not known to occur west of the Rocky
Mountains.
a Page 66. 6 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1832.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 449
PLTJMBAGINACEAE.
STATICE.
1. Statice armeria L. Sp. PL 1: 274. 1753. Thrift..
Armeria vulgaris Willd. Enum. 333. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae Americae septentrionalis campis."
Range: Subarctic regions, south to California and Labrador. South America. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 196; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896;
Roy,.4ZZe/i, May 13, 1889; Yelm Prairie, Pipe/-; Stuart Island, Laiwence 201 ; Port Crescent,
Latvrence 260.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OLEACEAE.
FRAXINUS.
1. Fraxinus oregana Nutt. Sylva 3: 59. pi. 99. 1849. Oregon ash.
Fraxinus oregana riparia Nutt. loc. cit.
Type locality: "In the Oregon territory." "We never saw it above the first falls of
the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1892: Satsop, Heller 4024; White Salmon
Sulcsdorf445.
A common tree in the river valleys of western Washington.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
GENTIANACEAE. Gentian FAr^riLY.
Style filiform, usually deciduous; anthers oblong to linear, mostlj'
twisting or curving with age Centaurion (p. 449).
Style stout and persistent or none ; anthers remaining straight.
Corolla funnelform or bell-shaped, without glands Gentiana (p. 450).
Corolla rotate, with a fringed glandular spot on each lobe Frasera (p. 451). .
CENTAURION.
Basal leaves in a rosette ; introduced 1 . C. centaurium.
Basal leaves not in rosettes.
Pedicels slender, much longer than the flowers 2. C. exaltata.
Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers 3. 6'. nniehlenbergii.
1. Centaurion centaurium (L.) W. F. Weight.
Genhana centaurium L. Sp. PI. 1 : 229. 1753.
Erythraea centaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Yesler, Hindshaw, July, 1897.
2. Centaurion exaltatum (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.
Ctcendia exaltata Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 69. 1838.
Erythraea douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1; 480. 1876.
Erythraea exaltata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 150. 1893.
Type locality: "Between the Kettle Falls, and 'Narrows' of the Columbia River."
Collected by Douglas.
Range. Eastern Washington to California and Utah.
29418—00 M 29
450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Chelan, iTZwier 497, Walla Walla Region, fi/am/ej/fc 957; I'rosser,
Cotton 658; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 665.
Zonal distribitiox: Upper S<inoran.
3. Centaurion muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.
Erythraea muehlenbergii Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 1-46. 1839.
Erythraen c«m.stami7i€a Wittrock, Erythr. Exsicc. 2: 21. 1885.
Type lcx"ality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Speclmens examined: Pullman, Piper 2649, 1622; Henderson 2272; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf, August 4, 1893.
,
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
QENTIANA. Gentian.
Annual ; corolla without appendages in the sinuses 1. G. acuta.
Perennial; comlla with appendages in the sinuses.
Uppermost pair of leaves forming an involucre about the 1 to 3 flowers. 2. 6. calycosa.
Uppermost leaves not involucrate.
Corolla appendages entire 3. G^. sceplrum.
Corolla appendages laciniately cleft.
Calyx lobes oblong to ovate-lanceolate 4. G. oregana.
Calyx lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate 5. G. affinis.
1. Oentiana acuta Michx. Fl. 1: 177. 1803.
Gentiana atnarella acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1: 428. 1872.
Gentiana anisosepala Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898.
Atnarella anisosepala Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904.
Atnarella tnacounii Greene, op. cit. 54.
Type locality: "In altis montibus Caiolinae et in Canada, prope Tadoussack."
Ranoe: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, and California.
Specimens examined: Padden Lake, Suksdorf ^JO; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in
1859; Whidby Island, Gardner 202; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2111; East Sound, Henderson,
July 3, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Gentiana calycosa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 58. <. 1^6. 1838.
Gentiana calycosa stricta Griseb. loc. cit.
Gentiana gormani Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 446. 1901.
Type locality: "Mt. Rainier," Washington. Collected by Tolmie.
Range: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2224; Elmer 2727; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2113; Allen93; Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1332; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 33 and August 8, 1892; Suksdorf in 1878; Bridge Creek, Elmer 714; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake <& Hull 551; Gorman 757 (type collection of Gentiana gormani Howell).
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
In Lyall's rejx)rt this species was confused with the Rocky Mountains G. parryi Engelm,
3. Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 57. 1838.
Type locality: "Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver," Washington.
Collected by Douglas.
Range. British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892, between Union
City and Shelton, Piper in 1890; Segualiche Lake, Piper in 1887; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
llwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution; Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 451
4. Gentiana oregana Engelm.; A. Gra^s Syn. Fl. 2': 122. 1878.
Gentiana affinis ovata A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 483. 1876, not G. ovata F. G. Dietr.VoIlst.
Lexik. Gaertn. Nachtr. 3: 458. 1815-21.
Type locality: " From neai San Francisco." Collected by Bolander.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
SpEciMENfs examined: Fish Lake, Dunv, August 8, 1900; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Spokane County, Suhsdorf 937; Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Pullman,
Piper 1623; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Spokane County, Kreager
304 ; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 564.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Gentiana affinis Griseb. in Hook. Fi. Bor. Am. 2: 56. 1838. '
Type locality: "Carlton House to Edmonton House." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Minnesota, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Parrotts Post-office, 77uZ^ 552; Spokane County , Suksdorf 938',
Mission, Kreager 489.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transiton.
"Abundant in mountain valleys, between Spokane and Kettle Falls, in alluvial deposits."
Douglas, according to Hooker.
Gentiana douglasiana patens Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1838. Near Fort
Vancouver, Garry, according to Hooker. If the plant really occurs in Washington it has
not at any rate been seen since. It has been collected at Port Renfrew, Vancouver
Island, by Rosendahl & Brand.
FRASERA.
Plants 1 to 2 meters tall; leaves marginless.
Corolla blue-purple, a single gland on each lobe 1. F. fastigiata.
Corolla greenish, two glands on each lobe 2.7^. speciosa.
Plants about ^ meter tall; leaves with firm white margins.
Whole plant finely pubescent 3. F. albicaulis.
Whole plant glabrous 4.7*'. nitida.
1. Frasera fastigiata (Pur.sh) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 312. 1897.
SwertiafastigiataFuvsh,F\. 1: m\. 1814.
Frasera thyrsijlora Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 288. 1851.
Frasera carolinensis Walt. err. det. Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66. 1838.
Type locality: "On the Missouri Flats near the Rocky Mountains." Collected by
Lewis. The Lewis specimen in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Science is
ticketed: "In nxoist places on the Squamash Flats," that is, Weippe, Idaho. The plant
does not occur on the Missouri, Pursh's note being doubtless an error.
Range: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Suksdorf 939; Henderson 2211; Rockford,
Piper; Palouse, Henderson, Ju]y 15, 1892; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 802; Piper, July 20, 1899.
According to Hooker also collected by Douglas, in "mountain valleys, Spokane and
Kettle Falls."
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
This species is really an inhabitant of rather dry pine woods. At "Quamash Flats"
the plant occurs only at the very margins of the moist meadows, but it is abundant in
the pine woods adjoining.
2. Frasera speciosa Dough; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66, 1. 153. 1838
Type locality: "On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts
of the Blue Mountains, near the Kooskooka River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: East Washington to Wj'oming, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Upper Is aches River, Z7en<Zerson, June, 1892.
452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERIBARIUM.
3. Frasera albicaulis Griscb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: G7. 1838.
Ti'PE locality: "In the mountain vallics lietween Spokan and Kettle Falls," Wash-
ington. CoUertfd hv Douglas.
Range: Eastern Oregon and eastern Washington to western Montana.
Spfximens examined: Eilensburg, Piper 269.'); between Coulee City and Water\ille,
Spillman, May, 1S96: Ritzville, Sarulherg tt I^.iberg 186: Sprague, SanJberg d' Leiberg,
June. 1893: Henderson, July 9, 18i)2; Spokane, Pijxr, June "i.'S, 18^)7: Henderson, Mav \V),
1892: Spokane County, Si/i-Sf/oi/ 389; Spangle, Pi/^r 3035; Pullman, Elmer 823; Hull,
June, 1892; fi/xr 1619: without locality, Fo^ey 426.
Zonal dl-^tribition: Arid Transition.
4. Frasera nitida Benth. PI. Ilartw. 322. 1849.
Type locality: " In montibus Sacramento," California. Collected by Hartwcg.
Range: California to Klickitnt County, Washington.
Specimens e.xamined: Klickitat County, SuJtsrfor/* 40; Klickitat River, /^iett 1023.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
MENYANTHACEAE.
Leave trifoliolatc; corolla lol)e.s fimbriate Menyantiies.
Leaves simple, reniform; corolla lol)es entire Nepuropuyllidium.
MENYANTHES.
1. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Sp. PI. 1: 14.5. 17.53. Buck bean.
Type i-th'ality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to dreenland, south to Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and California.
Specimens e.xaminei): ^Vl^idby Island, Gardner 203; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma,
Flett "Xi; Casea«le Mountains, latitude A^,L>jaU in 18.59; Davis Lake, /frca^er, August 9,
1902: R.xk I^ke, Lake <fc Hull, August 3, 1892; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg d" Leiberg 39,
Zonal distribltion: Transition.
NEPHROPHYLLIDITJM.
1. Nephrophyllidium. crista-galli (Menzies) Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. 4-: 106. 1895. Deer cabbage.
Menyanthes crista-gaUi Menzies; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 45. pi. S^. 1830.
Type ixk'AI.ity: "In marshy pastures in Prince William's Sound," Alaska.
Range: Ala^ska to Washington near the coast.
Spf-cimens examined: Wreck Creek Prairie, south of Granville, Conard 360.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
APOCYNACEAE.
APOCYNUM.
Corolla lobes spreading or recurved ; leaves ovate.
Leaves glabrous.
Tall ; leaves ovate or oval \. A. amlrosaemifolium.
Low; leaves orbicular-ovate la^ ^. an/lrosaemifolium pumilum.
Ijcaves puberulent, orbicular-ovate lb. A. androsaemifolium detonsum.
Corolla lobes erect; leaves oval or oblong.
Calyx and bracts ciliolatc 2. ^4. ciliolatum.
Calyx and bracts entire.
Cymes large, many-flowered 3. ^. cannahinum.
Cymes small, few-flowered 4. A. suksdorjii.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 453
1. Apocynum androsaemifoliuin L. Sp. PI. 1: 213. 1753.
Type locality: "In Virginia, Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1897; 'L&keChe]&n, LaJce<& Hull 5^; Wenache,
Whited 1423. '
Zonal distribution: Transition.
la. Apoc5m.um. androsaemifoliuin pumilunx A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2': 83. 1878.
Type locality: "California to British Columbia."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1620, 3508; Hull in 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg
cfe Leiberg 475; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1886; Loon Lake, WiTiston, July 20, 1899;
Clarks Springs, Z'reag'er 89; ^ovih.Y&k\m&, Mrs. Steinweg; without locality, Wilkes Exfe-
dition422; Clealum Lake, Cotton. 858.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
lb. Apocynum androsaemifolium detonsum subsp. nov.
Like the preceding, but the whole plant clothed with a short dense pubescence. Type
specimen collected in eastern Washington by G. R. Vasey (no. 429) in 1889.
2. Apocynum ciliolatum sp. nov.
Stems erect, very leafy, branched above, 60 to 70 cm. high, glabrous; leaves elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent on both sides, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, nearly sessile;
panicle ample, rather loose, its branches erect, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, ciliate; pedicels
pubescent; calyx lobes deltoid, acute, erect, ciliolate, shorter than the corolla tube; corolla
pink, 5 mm. long, the erect lanceolate acutish ciliolate lobes as long as the tube,v.hich is
nearly glabrous within.
Collected at Wawawai, Washington, July 17, 1892, LaJce cfe Hull, no. 549.
A near ally of A. cannaMnum L., but distinct from any described species in its ciliolate
calyx and corolla.
3. Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. PI. 1: 213. 1753. Indian hemp.
Type locality: "In Canada, Virginia."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Florida and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Lei-
berg 591; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Apocynum suksdorfii Greene, Pittonia 6: 65. 1902.
? Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum A. DC. Prod. 8: 439. 1844.
Type locality: "Sandy banks of the Columbia River." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1.522;
Ophir, Elmer 507; Wawawai, Piper 1621 and August 24, 1894; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Waitsburg, Horner 335B.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
ASCLEPIAS. Milkweed.
Leaives linear or lanceolate, glabrous; follicles smooth 2. A. mexicana.
Leaves oval or oblong, white-tomentose ; follicles warty 1. A. spedosa.
1. Asclepias speciosa Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 218. 1823.
Type locality: "On the Canadian?" Collected by James.
Range: Washington to California and Arkansas.
454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, LyaU in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg <£• Leiberg 379: without locality, Vasen 428: Wenaohe, Whited 68: Ellensburg,
Whited 489: North Yakima, WatI, August, 1895: Union Flat, Lake <& HnU 555; Waitsbuig,
Horner 404: Almota, Piper 1868: Pullman, Elmer 899; Piper 1625; Mission, Kreager,
August 20, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Asclepias mexicana Cav. Ic. 1: 42. 1791.
.Asdepias fascicularis Deo. in DC. Prod. 8: 569. 1844.
Type locality: "Habitat prope Mexico."
Range: Washington to California, Arizona, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Flett 1025: Fort Simcoe, Henderson; Spokane, Sand-
berg, August, 1892: Deunrt, July 15, 1901: Wawawai, Piper 2664; Horner 664.
Zonal distkibution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
CONVOLVULACEAE.
CONVOLVULUS. Morning-glory.
Calyx without bracts; leaves glabrous.-. 3. C arvensis.
Calyx inclosed by two large bracts.
.
Leaves renifomi, fleshy \.C. soldaneUa.
Leaves triangular-sagittate, not fleshy 2. C. sepium americanut.
1. Convolvulus soldanella L. Sp. PI. 1: 159. 17513.
Type localiti": "Habitat in Aiigliae, Frisiae littoribus maris."
Range: Washington to California on the seasliore. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 219; Copalis, Lamh 1257; Shoalwater
Bay, Cooper; Ocosta, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4999.
Zonal distribi'Tion : Humid Transition.
2. Convolvulus sepium americanus Sims, Bot. Mag. 19: ph 7S2. 1804.
Type locality: America.
Range: Washington to Canada and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 14, 1886; Henderson; Klickitat
River, Flett 1022; Ophir, Elmer 607; Almota, Piper, August 9, 1896; Wawawai, Piper
1694.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Convolvulus arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 153. 1753.
Type locality: Europe. .
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 525. A troublesome weed becoming wide-
spread. It has been noted at Pullman, Walla Walla, Garfield, and Edwall.
CUSCUTACEAE.
CUSCUTA. Dodder.
Stigmas filiform; corolla scales crenulate.
Calyx lobes not keeled; corolla lobes triangular, acute. . \. C. epithymum.
Calyx lobes keeled; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse 2. C. planijiora.
Stigmas capitate; corolla scales fringed.
Capsule pointed.
Flowers subsessile; dry corolla not enveloping the
capsule 3. C. sqiiamigera.
Flowers pedicelled; dry corolla enveloping the cap-
sule 4. C. indecora.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 455
Capsule globose. - *
Flowers sessile ; style shorter than the ovary 5. C. ari'ensis.
Flowers pedicelled.
Stems coarse; calyx lobes obtuse 6. C. cephalanthi.
Stems fine ; calyx lobes acute , . 7. C. californica.
1. Cuscuta epithymum Murr.; L. Syst. ed. 13; 140. 1774.
Type locality: None given, but European.
Specimens examined: Vashon Island, Gardner 210; Seattle, Piper.
2. Cuscuta planiflora Tenore, Fl. Nap. 3: 250. 1824-29.
^
Type locality: Near Naples, Italy.
Range: Introduced in the western United States.
Specimens examined: Entiat, Mr. Grover in 1898.
That this species is perfectly distinct from C. epithymum has clearly been demonstrated
by the studies of Mr. F. H. Hillman.
3. Cuscuta squamigera (Engelm.).
Cuscuta californica squamigera Engelm. Trans. St. L. Acad. 1: 499. 1859.
Cuscuta subinclusa abbreviata Engelm. op. cit. 500. 1859.
Cuscuta salina Engelm. in A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 536. 1876.
Type locality: "Saline soil in the Rio Vii^en, Utah, on Suaeda."
Range: British Columbia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper, September 1, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Coupeville, Gardner 218; Seattle, Piper in 1889; Shelton, Piper, August 10, 1899; Tacoma,
Fleit 77.
In Cooper's report this species was called C. umbrosa Beyrich.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Mem. Soc. Pbys. Geneva 9: 278. 1841.
Type locality: "Hab. Mexicam ad Matamoras."
Range: Washington to California, eastward to Illinois and Florida.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Homer, October 5, 1893, on alfalfa and prickly
lettuce.
6. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 77. 1838.
Type locality: "N.W.America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to New York, southward to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner, on alfalfa, October 5, 1893.
5a. Cuscuta arvensis calycina Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1: 495. 1859.
Type locality: Texas. '
In the original description Engelmann includes Geyer's no. 674, collected at the "mouth of
the Walla Walla River, on the muddy borders, infesting the stems of Xanthium microcarpon,
September." We have not seen this specimen nor do we know the plant.
6. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. 43: 336. 1842.
Cuscuta tenuifora Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. 350. 1848.
Type locality: "Near St. Louis," Missouri.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona, Texas, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer; North Yakima, Piper 1796; Snohomish County,
Gardner 217; Waitsburg, Horner 569.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Cuscuta californica Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva 9: 279. 1841.
Type locality: "Hab. nov. California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
•Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf 1487; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiherg
495; Spokane, Henderson 2273: Blue Mountains, Piper 2448.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
POLEMONIACEAE. Phlox Family.
Calyx distended and at length burst by the capsule.
Corolla large, salverform: leaves all opposite, entire; seeds not
becoming mucilaginous when wetted; ours all sufTruticose
perennials Phlox (p. 456).
Corolla tubular, funnelform or salverform, usually small;
leaves mostly alternate, usually not entire Gilia (p. 459).
Calyx not distended nor burst by the capsule.
Corolla not rotate.
Calyx loljes spine-tipped; leaves pinnatifid Navarretia (p. 463).
Calyx lobes not spine-tipped; leaves entire or pinnatifid. Collomia (p. 464).
Corolla rotate (in ours); leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire Polemonium (p. 466).
PHLOX.
Densely tufted species with crowded leaves; flowers solitary on the
shoots.
Herbage beset with woolly hairs I. P. canescena.
Herbage not beset with woolly hairs.
Calyx not at all wooly; leaves hispid-ciliate.
Leaves grooved, 5 to 6 mm. long 2. P. condensaia.
Leaves usually plane, 8 to 14 mm. long 3. P. caeapiiosa.
Calyx sparsely woolly; leaves often woolly at base.
Herbage fincl}' glandular 4. P. rigida.
Herbage not glandular.
Leaves all acerose ; style half as long as corolla 5. P. douglaaii.
Leaves not all acerose; style nearly as long as co-
rolla 6. P. diffusa.
Loosely tufted taller species; flowers in cymes.
Style long, usually equaling the corolla tube.
Inflorescence not glandular; leaves narrowly linear 7. P. longifolia.
Inflorescence" glandular.
Whole plant viscid-pubescent; leaves linear, 2 to 4 mm.
wide 8. P. viscida.
Only the inflorescence viscid-pubescent; leaves linear, 1
mm. wide T 9. P. viridis.
Style short, not longer than the ovary.
Upper leaves on flowering stem dilated at base.
Leaves linear, soft; cymes loose 10. P. speciosa.
Leaves lanceolate, rigid; cymes dense 1\. P.lanceolata.
Upper leaves on flowering stems not dilated at base.
Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate 12. P. whitedii.
Leaves broader, lanceolate 13. P. occidentalis.
1. Phlox canescens Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2^: 122, pi. 6. 1855.
Type locality: "On the Cedar Mountains, south of Great Salt Lake," Utah.
Range: Eastern Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenas, Cotton 917; Horse Heaven, Cotton 589; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 566; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Columbus, Suksdorf, April
13, 1896.
2k>NAL DISTRIBUTION : Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA. OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 457
2. Phlox condensata (A. Gray) E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 13. 1899.
Phlox caespitosa condensata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 254. 1870.
'
-
Phlox condensata hendersonvYd. Nelson, loc. cit. 14.
Type locality: "From the headwatei-s of Clear Creek, and the alpine ridges lying east
of Middle Park," Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 817; J. M. Grant 4; Mount Stuart,
Brandegee 958; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; (type of subspecies hendersoni
E. Nelson); SuJcsdorf 390; Howell in 1882; Flett 1245.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Phlox caespitosa Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 41. 1834.
Type locality: "Flat-Head River on the sides of dry hills." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington and Montana, southward to New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee in 1883.
4. Phlox rigida Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845.
Phlox piperi E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 18. 1899.
Type locality: "In montibus coeruleis Americae boreali-occid." Collected by Doug-
las in the Blue Mountains of Oregon.
Range: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2286, 2946; Henderson 2412; Spokane Valley,
Lyall, May, 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandherg <& Leiberg 37; junction Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandherg & Leiberg 274; without locality, Vasey 392; Spokane, Kreager 164; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 243; Chelan Butte, Cotton 596.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
,
5. Phlox douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. 1838.
Type locality: "N. W. America: common on the Limestone range of the Blue Moun-
tains [Oregon], and on the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of snow." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg; Klickitat
County, SuksdorfU; also April 22, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
6. Phlox diffusa Benth. PI. Hartw. 325. 1849.
Phlox douglasii diffusa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 254. 1870.
Type locality: "Prope Bear Valley in montibus Sacramento," California. Collected
by Hartweg.
Range: British Columbia, W^ashington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Henderson; Nason Creek, Sandherg
dc Leiberg 660; Mount Rainier, Allen 265; Piper 2132; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1108; Mount
Adams, Henderson; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Lake &
Hull 595; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1246; without locality,
Brandegee 960; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2820. ,
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Phlox longifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 41. 1834.
Phlox speciosa linearifolia Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 289. 1851.
Phlox speciosa latifolia Hook. loc. cit.
Phlox linearifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 133. 1878.
Phlox humilis Dougl.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845.
Type locality: " Valleys of the Rocky Mountains generally. " Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Wenaclie Mountains, Whiied 39; Wenache, Whited 9, 1037;
North Yakima, Mrs. Sieimreg: Pi;>f/-, April 22, 1898: Henderson 2415: Pasco, Hindshaw
19: Piper 2959: Spangle, Piper, iunv 24, 1899; Sprague, Henderson; Spokane, Piper,'iA&y
19, 1899; Rockland, Suhsdorf, \^n\ 10, 1886; Columbus, Si/i-srfor/", April 14, 1886: Co-
lumbia Plains, Douglas in 1886 (type of Phlox humilis): Hangman Creek, Sandberg d'
Leiberg62: Almota, Pi>r, May 27, 1893; Wawawai, Piper 1513,3009; L«Ae594; Waits-
burg, Horre<;r 159; Pataha, fli/W 594: without \oceMty, Brandegee 961; without locality,
Vasey 397, 399.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
8. Phlox viscida E. Nelstm, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899.
Type locality; "Blue Mts., Columbia Co.," Washington. Collected by Piper.
Range; Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Blue Mountains, Piper 2397; Homer 137: Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895: Wenas Creek, Cotton 1152: Klickitat Valley, Hmirll 1380.
Zonal oiSTRiBmoN ; Arid Transition.
9. Phlox viridia E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899.
Type locality: "Ellensburg, Washington." Collected by Piper.
Range: Eastern Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 628; Ellensburg, Piper 2689.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Phlox speciosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 149. 1814.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia." Collected by Lewis. The exact
place is probably on the Clearwater Ix'low Kamiah, Idaho.
Range: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined; Spokane, Sandberg d' I^iherg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sand-
berg d' Leiberg 75; Pullman, Piper 1894; Elmer S39\ Almota Canyon, Piper; Union Flat,
Piper 3008; without locality, Vaseg 401.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
10a. Phlox speciosa elatior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 72. 1838.
Phlox sabini Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Phlox speciosa sabini A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 256. 1870.
Type locality; "Limestone Rocks of the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Spokane River, Douglas; Pullman,
Hull, May 24, 1892; Union Flat, Piper 2008.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
11. Phlox lanceolata E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 29. 1899*
Type locality: "Ellensburg, Wash." Collected by Piper. '
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined; Ellensbui^, Piper, May 20, 1897; Cleman Mountain, Hender'
son 2413; Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 443.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
12. Phlox whitedii E. Nelson, Erythea 7: 167. 1899.
Type locality: Wenache, W^ashington. Collected by Whited.
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1036; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County,
Mrs. Sieinweg; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 573.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13. Phlox occidentaUs Durand, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 125. 1856.
Type locality: "Hillsides, near DufBeld's Ranch," California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 459
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1069; Kittitas Valley, Lyall, June 1860; west
Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf, May 18, 1886 and 2208; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton
184; Umtanum Ridge, Cotton 918.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
GIIilA.
Shrubs; corolla salverform, yellow; leaves acerose.
Leaves straight la. G. fungens hoolceri.
Leaves recurved \h. G. piingens squarrosa.
Herbs.
Perennials or biennials.
Flowers in an elongate panicle; corolla large, tubular-
^
funnelform, usually scarlet 10. G. aggregata.
Flowers in corymbs or heads, rather small, white or
whitish.
Leaves palmately 3 to 7-parted; flowers in cor-
ymbs 8. G. nvttaUii.
Leaves pinnately 3 to9-divided; flowers in heads.. 9. G. congesta.
Annuals.
Leaves or some of them opposite.
Lower leaves dissected like the upper, into fili-
form segments, all opposite.
Flowers in a capitate leafy cluster; corolla 10
to 12 mm. long 2. G. hicolor.
Flowers scattered, on slender pedicels.
Corolla almost rotate, 8 to 10 mm.
broad 3. G. pharnaceoides.
Corolla tubular-funnelform.
Ovules solitary in each cell, corolla
whitish, 3 mm. long 4. G. harknessii.
Ovules 2 to 5 in each cell, corolla
purplish, 12 mm. long 5. G. bolanderi.
Lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, both
entire.
Stems simple below; flowers 8 to 10 mm.
' long 6. G. gracilis.
Stems branched from the base; flowers 5 to
7 mm. long 7. G. humilis.
Leaves all alternate.
Herbage woolly; flowers pale blue, clustered 11. G.filifolia.
Herbage not woolly.
Leaves not in a basal rosette.
Flowers blue, in dense globose clusters on
long naked peduncles; leaves dissected
into filiform segments.
Calyx glabrous; corolla 8 to 10 mm.
long 12 G. capitata.
Calyx woolly; corolla 10 to 12 mm.
long 13. G. achilleaefolia.
Flowers scattered; leaves filiform, mostly
entire.
Branches elongate, erect; corolla
blue; pedicels short 14. G. mimitiflora.
460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branches divci^ont, not elongate;
corolla pink ; pedicels slender 15. G . cajnUaris.
Leaves mostly in a basal rosette.
Radical leaves dentate, not pubescent.. . 16. G. leptomeria.
Radical leaves pinnatifid, pubescent .... 17. G. inconspicua.
la. Gilia pungens hooker! A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.
Phlox hookeri IX.ugl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. t. 159. 1838.
Gilia hookeri Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845.
Type uKALnr: "Common on arid, sandy, and rocky soils near the narrows of the
Oakanagan and Priest's Rapids of the Columbia," Washington. Collected by Douglas.
R.\.\t;K: British Columbia to Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Flett 1031; Yakima Region, Brandegee 965; near
Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 392; Spokane, Spalding; Soap Lake, McKay 7; Ritzville,
Sandberg dh Leiherg 181; without locality, Vasey 394; near Spokane, Kreager 168; Chelan,
Elmer dftZ: Methow River. Whited 236; Yakima, Leckenby, May 11, 1898; Coulee City,
Lake cfc Hull 669; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892; Chelan Butte, Cotton 594;
Coulee City, Cotton 606.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
lb. Qilia pungens squarrosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.
Type ixx-auty-: "Near Carson City," Nevada. Collected by Anderson.
Ranoe: Eastern Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46" to 49°, Lyall (very viscid-pubescent).
2. Gilia bicolor (Nutt.).
Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847.
Linanthus bicolor Greene, Pit ton ia 2: 260. 1892.
Gilia tenella Benth. PI. llartw. 325. 1849.
Type locality: "On moist rocks of the Oregon near the outlet of the Wahlamet."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 207; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Fidalgo Island, F/e« 2105; Montesano, //cnrf€r«on 2409; HeUer 4012; Tacoma, Flelt, May 31,
1896; Olympia, Henderson 2410; Steilacoom, Suckley; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 43;
Clallam County, Elmer 2823.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Gilia phamaceoides Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 1622. 1833.
Linanlhns phamaceoides Greene, Pittonia 2: 2.54. 1892.
Type locality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Briti-sh Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Cascade Mountains to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, He/wieraon, July, 1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg <& Leiherg, June, 1893;
Coulee City, Lake & Hull 585; Chelan, Elm^r 499; Spokane County, Suksdorf Z'dl; Piper,
July 18, 1894 ; Henderson, May 31, 1892; Chimokane Valley, Geyer 535; Walla Walla,
Spalding; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg283; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 473; Clarks Springs, Kreager 13.
"Sandy soils at Oakanagunea and Wallawallah," Douglas, according to Hooker.
2k)NAL distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Gilia harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 12. 1884.
Linanthus harknessii Greene, Pittonia 2: 255. 1892.
Type locality: "At the summit of the Sierra Nevada," California. Collected by
Harkness.
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 461
Specimens examined: Wenache, Waited, June, 1898; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 42, 165;
Siracos KiWs, Howell 290; Klickitat River, Flett 1223; Spvaguc, Henderson, July 10,1892;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 201; Ivamiak Butte, Elmer 803; Blue Mountains, Horner 389;
Piper 2398.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Gilia bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 263. 1870.
Linanthus bolanderi Greene, Pittonia 2: 255. 1892.
Type locality: "Sonoma County, California, on dry hills; Russian River." Collected
by Bolander.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 549; White Salmon, Suksdorf 293.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. GHia graciUs (Dougl.) Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pZ. 202Jf. 1829.
Collomia gracilis Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Phlox gracilis Greene, Pittonia 1: 141. 1887.
Microsteris gracilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 300. 1898.
Gilia gracilis elatior Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Gilia gracilis pratensis Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Spokane River and on high grounds near Flat-^
head River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Nebraska, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3909; Seattle, Smith 154; Olympia, Henderson
2405,2408; Kincaid, July 4, 1898; upper Nisqually Valle}'', ^ZZen 77; Silverton, Bouch 31
;
Tieton River, Cotton 485; Tacoraa, Flett 198, 881, 882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2\U , 1508:
EUensburg, Whited 268; Pasco, Hindshaw 50; Chimokane, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver,
Douglas in 1825; Klickitat River, Flett 1229; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 78; Spokane
Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 23, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1517; Hull 588;
Wait.sburg,7/orncr, April 12, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, May 19, 1894; Elmer 76; Davis Ranch,
fi'reagrer; Clallam County, Mrner 2824; Mount Rainier, PZe« 2153.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
7. Gilia humilis (Greene).
Microsteris fiumilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898.
? Collomia gracilis humilior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 76. 1838.
Gilia microsteris Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 142. 1901.
Type locality: "South end of Lake Pend Oreille," Idaho. Collected by Leiberg.
Range: Eastern Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 13;. EUensburg, Piper, Maj^ 20, 1897; Whited
268; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2314; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 163; Tampico, Flett 1030;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 308; Spokane, Piper 2291; Henderson 2404; Hangman Creek,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 25; Spangle, Piper 3547; Pullman, HuU, April 12, 1892; Piper 1518;
Coulee City, Piper 3851.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7a. GUia humilis glabella (Greene).
Microsteris glabella Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898.
Gilia gracilis glabella Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, ASM^sdor/ 2206.
8. Gilia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 267. 1870.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah to the Sierra Nevada in
California."
462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
R\NGE- Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 882; Flett 240; Goat Mountains, AUen 119;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 964; Blue Mountains, Piper 2419.
Zonal dkstribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
9. Gilia congesta Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.
Type ixxality: " Sandy plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Wyoming to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Exj^edition 436.
This specimen has narrow mostly entire leaves, approaching in character 6.
congesta
crehrifolia.
10. Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 1: 626. 1825.
Cantua aiftfregata Pursh, Fl. 1: 147. 1814.
GUia puicJielia Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 74. 1838.
Type locality: "On tiie banks of the Mississippi, M. Lewis;" but the specimens were
really collected on "Hungry Creek' [Lolo Creek], in Western Idaho.
Range- Washington to California. Texas, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 151; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892;
Leckenby May, 1898; Watt, August, 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 441;
Fish Lake, Dunn,
\ugust
"
'l900- Klickitat River, FleU 1221; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 474;
eastern
Washington, Wilcox in 1883; localitv unknown, Vasey 408; Pullman, Piper 1519;
Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 91 ; Conconully, Griffiths
cfe Cotton
313.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
11. Gilia fllifolia Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847.
Type locality: " Near Santa Barbara, Upper California."
Range- Eastern Washington to Southern California.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Elmer 1059; Moses Coulee, Lake &
HuU 590; Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 246; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf
393; Yakima Region, Brandegee 966; Moses Lake, Cotton 614.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has frequently been mistaken for the closely allied G. floccosa.
12. Gilia capitata Hook. Bot. Mag. 63: pi. 2698. 1826.
Type locality: "From the northwest coast of America," specifically " m the
vicinity
of Fort Vancouver," Washington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Townsend, Edwards 20; Whidby Island, Gardrkr 205;
Tacoma, Flett 79; Olympia, Heller 4040; Skamania County, Flett 1224;
White Salmon,
S«fc«dor/-451; Wawawai, Piper 3530; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4908.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
13. GiUa achilleaefolia Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 1622. 1833.
Type locality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf l^%; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 30,
1890; Olympia, Henderson 2401.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Gilia minutiflora Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 315. 1845.
Type locality: "In America boreali occidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens e.xamined: Wenache, £Zmer 481; Whited in 1895; Wenache Flat,
Whited
1158 1289- North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1818; Henderson in 1892;
Kiona,
Piper 2755- Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Wilson Creek, Lake cfe fluZZ, 670; Crab
and Wilson
PIPEll FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 463
creeks, Sandberg ds Leiberg 270; locality unknown, Vasey 400; north of Bickleton, Suksolorf
396; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 967; Prosser, Cotton 813.
Zonal distributton: Upper Sonoran.
15. Gilia capillaris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873.
Type locality: "Cisco, Sierra Nevada Mountains," California.
Range: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, £'Zmer 1226; Simcoe Mountains, 5wJts(Zor/'395, 1515.
This species was mistaken by Suksdorf for G. Jilifonnis Parry and under that name
included in his list.
16. Gilia leptomeria A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 278. 1870.
Type locality: "Mountain valleys of Nevada and Utah." Collected by Watson.
Range: Eastern Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Morgan's Ferry, Suksdorf 394; Pasco, Piper 2984, 2751 ; Hind-
shaw 27; mouth of Alder Creek, Howell 909; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg c&
Leiberg 301 ; Sunnyside, Colton 315.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
17. Gilia tnconspicua (Smith) Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. pZ. 2883. 1829.
Ipomopsis tnconspicua Smith, Exot. Fl. 1: pi. I4. 1804.
Cantua parvijlora Pursh, Fl. 2: 730. 1814.
Gilia parvijlora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825.
Type locality: Supposed by Smith to be from North America.
Range: British Columbia to Texas and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, May 25, 1892;
Pasco, Piper 2978; Hindshaw 22; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
261; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Prosser, Cotton 591.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
NAVARRETIA.
Leaves simply pinnatifid 1. N. divaricata.
Leaves bipinnatifid.
Herbage glandular-viscid, malodorous 2. N. squarrosa.
Herbage not glandular nor malodorous.
Stems glabrate; calyx tube nearly glabrous; ovules 1 to 3 in
each cell 5. N. minima.
Stems not glabrate.
Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell ; stems pubescent ; calyx tube
and base of bracts very villous 3. N. intertexta.
Ovules solitary in each cell; stems puberulent; calyx
tube and bracts sparsely villous 4. iV. klickitatensis.
1. Navarretia divaricata (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 136. 1887.
Gilia divaricata Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 270. 1870.
Type locality: "Along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881.
2. Navarretia squarrosa (Esch.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 368. 1840. Skunk-weed.
Gilia squarrosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 151. 1833.
Hoitzia squarrosa Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 283. 1826.
Gilia pungens Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pi. 2977. 1830.
Type locality: " In Novae Californiae arenosis.
"
Range: Washington to California.
464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Whidbr Island, Gardner 204; Lake Washington, Svksdorf
99f2;
Fairhaven, Siiksdorf 9d3: Tacoma, Flett 909, 199; Touchet River,
Homer 582; Clallam
County, Elmer 2818.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.
AegoMoa intertej-ta Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 1622. 1833.
Giiia inieriexta Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1 : 683. 1840.
TiPE uoc\Lny. "CAlifornia and North West America."
Ranoe- Britisli Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains.
Specimens examined: Manor, P.>r. July 14, 1899; Ellenshurg, lF/ii/«Z 535;
Khckitat
County Suksdorf 44: Klickitat River, FleU 1222;" Spokane,
Henderson. July 9, 1892;
Saiulberg HeU^r, dr McDouijal 904: Deimrt: Tukanon River, LuAy tO //u« 591;
Pullman,
Piper 1520; Davis Ranch, A'rea^er 178; Washtucna, Co«on 617; Rattlesnake
Mountains,
Cotton GUM.
Zonal nisTRinrTiox: Transition.
4. Navarretia klickitatensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133.
1900.
Gilia Iclichtatenms Piper. Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.
Type ixkulitv: Klickitat County, near the mouth of Klickitat River,
Washington.
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, 5u*«c/or/" 991
.
6. Navarretia minima (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 269. 1870.
GUia minima Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 160. 1847.
Namrretia suksdorfiii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 457. 1901.
Type ixx-ality: "Plains of the Oregon, near Walla Walla." Collected
by Nuttall.
Rancje: Washington to Dakota, Colorado, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881.
COLLOMIA.
Leaves entire.
. ^ j n
Flowera solitary-axillary
i.C.ieneUa.
Flowers in clusters.
Corolla salmon-color, 2 to 3 cm. long 1 • <?• grandxflora.
Corolla pink, 1 cm. long.
Calyx lol)es acute ; clusters many-flowered 2. C. linearis.
Calyx lobes aristate ; clusters few-flowered 3. C. aristella.
Leaves more or less dissected.
Annual; leaves pinnate 5. C.
heterophylla.
Perennial; leaves palmate ; 6. C.
debilis.
1. Collomia grandiflora Dougl; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1174, 1828.
Gilia grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type locality: " In the northwest of North America in all the country
bordering on the
Columbia, as far eastward as the valleys of the Rocky Mts., but not beyond that
great
dividing ridge." Collected by Douglas.
Range- British Columbia to Idaho, Nevada, and California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Tieton River, Cotton 447;
Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 162; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 157; Blue Mountains, Lake
cfe Hull 592;
Wawawai, Elmer 780; Clarks Springs, Kreager 112.
Cotton 702 from the Rattlesnake Mountains and a specimen collected by Vasey in
1889
represent a low spreading plant with broader leaves and bracts, probably a new
subspecies.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 465
la. Collomia grandiflora diffusa (Mulford).
Gilia grandiflora diffusa Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 19:120. 1894.
Type locality: "Foothills about Boise City, Idaho." Collected by Miss Mulford.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1124; Leavenworth, Whited 240; North
Yakima, Watt in 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 451; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 161; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Colfax, Hardwick;
Pullman, Piper 1514.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. CoUoinia linearis Nutt. Gen. 1: 126. 1818.
Gilia linearis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type locality: "Near the banks of the Missouri about the confluence ofShian River,
and in the vicinity of the Arikaree village."
Range: Manitoba to British Columbia, south to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 82, 1045; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28,
1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1227; White Salmon, Suksdorf 446; Tampico, Flett 1220;
Almota Canyon, HuZZ 671 ; Wawawai, LaA;e .587; Snake River, Hunger 26; Pullman, Piper
1515 and July 21, 1893; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 19; Clallam County,
Elmer 2822; ConconuMy, Griffiths <& Cotton 308; Coulee City, Piper 3849.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Collomia aristella (A. Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N..Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 318. 1900.
Gilia aristella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 408. 1886.
Type locality: "Northern part of California." Collected by Greene.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Mmer 1238; Klickitat River, near Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 590; Flett 1228.
4. Collomia tenella A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 259. 1870.
Gilia leptotes A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type locality: "Parley's Peak, Utah." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Nevada and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg <& Leiberg 350; Wenache, TF^iteti 2625.
5. Collomia heterophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pi. 2895. 1829.
Gilia heterophylla Dougl. Bot. Mag. 56: under pi. 2895. 1829, as synonym.
Type locality: "About Fort Vancouver," Washington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck 151; Seattle, Piper, July 14, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 10; Nisqually Valley, Allen 65; Montesano, Heller 4057; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall; Fort Vancouver, Scouler; Mount Rainier, Flett 2120; Charleston,
Piper, July 21, 1895; without locahty. Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2821.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Collomia debilis (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 127. 1887.
Gilia debilis S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.
Gilia larseni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 146. 1878.
Type locality: "Utah." Collected by Wheeler.
Range: Washington to Montana, California, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 456; Flett 30; Mount Stuart, Brandegee
968; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 450; Flett 1223; Henderson, August 9, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
29418—06 M 30
466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL
HERBARIUM.
POLEMONIUM.
, ^ , I. P. micrarUhum.
Annual ; corolla white, nearly rotate
Perennials; corolla blue, canipanulate.
Stems erect, 60 to 90 cm. tall.
^ ^ eoeruUum.
Leaflets oblong^vate
s. P. pedmatum.
Leaflets linear
Stems low, 5 to 30 cm. high.
Densely cespitase, 5 to 10 cm. high.
Viscid-glandular throughout; flowers violet
with
^ ^ ^^ ^^
yellow eye
"
U-ss viscid, spareelv pilose
throughout; flowersix Msiiw p . r
a. P. vi8COSum pilosum.
white or pale blue i'j','""
Loosely cespitose, 15 to 30 cm. high,
scarc-ely glandular.
Leaflets oval or oblong, less than 1 cm.
long 0. / . Aurmte.
Leaflet, lanceolate. 1 to 1.5 cm. long
7. P. amoenum.
1 Polemonium micranthum Uentii. in DC.
Prod 9: 318. 1845.
TV..K UHVUTv:
" Ad flum. Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Uull 589; Wawawai, Pi/».r 1521; Walla Walla,
Brandegee 972.
Zonal DiffTRiBunoN : Arid Transition and
Upper Sonoran.
2 Polemonium coeruleum L. Sp. PI. 1: 162.
1753.
specimens have the underground part«
preserved to judge this character fairly.
Expedition.
4 Polemonium elegans Greene, Pittonia 3: 305.
1898 (April 8)
Collected by Piper.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washmgton^ ^
Specimens examined: Mount Ramier, P^ver
2129 Sm A 7^, AUen ,
Adams. Sulcsd^rf 79; HoweJi in 1882;
H.nd«-«on 2411. FZe« 1243.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 467
6. Polemonium viscosum pilosum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898
Type locality: "In clefts of rock on Goat Mountain, Washington, altitude 1540 m."
Collected by Allen.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountain near Mount Rainier, Allen 261.
6. Polemonium humile Roem. & Schult. Syst. 4: 792. 1819.
Polemonium jmlchellum Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 233. 1829.
Polemonium humile jmlchellum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 150. 1884.
Type locality: "In Siberiae orientalis maritimis arenosis."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg 680; Wenache Mountains,
Whited, August 13, 1896; Elmer 456; Wenache Region, Brandegee 970; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2107; AUen 262; Smith 779; Klickitat River, Flett 1244; Cascade Mountains to
Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2326; locality unknown,
Vasey 410; Clallam County, Elmer 2819.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Polem.onium. amoeniun Piper, Erytliea 7: 174. 1899.
Type locality: "Ilumptulips, Chehalis County, Wash." Collected by F. II. Lamb.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, Lamh 1178; Ilumptulips Prairie, Canard 98.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Waterleaf Family.
Leaves all basal
;
peduncles 1-flowered Capnokea (p. 467).
Leaves not all basal.
Styles entire Romanzoffia (p. 468). •
Styles 2-cleft.
Corolla convolute in bud; placentae broad.
Perennials; stamens exserted IIyduophyllum (p. 468).
Annuals; stamens included Nemophila (p. 469).
Corolla imbricated in bud; placentae narrow.
Flowers in a scorpioid cyme Phacelia (p. 470).
Flowers solitary in the leafy forks of the stem.. . . Conantiius (p. 472).
CAPNOREA.
Corolla campanulate 1. C. lasiantha.
Corolla saucer-shape.
Leaves glabrous, except on the margins.
Calyx lobes very unequal 2. O.fulcrata.
Calyx lobes subequal 3. 6*. pumila.
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Pubescence appressed A. C. villosula.
Pubescence not appressed 5. C. hirtella.
1. Capnorea lasiantha Greene, Pittonia 5: 47. 1902.
Capnorea macilenta Greene, op. cit. 48.
Type locality: Eastern Washington, without station. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 66; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1898; Medical Lake, Sandberg d; Leiberg 52; Rock Creek, Piper 2793;
Pasco, Hindshaw 23; Coulee City, Piper 3864; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas
River, Cotton 916.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Capnorea fulcrata Cuihmu', I'ittoiiia 6: 51. HK)2.
TypK UKAMTv: "P'roin sunuwlu'io in till' State of Wasliington." Collected by G. R.
Vasey.
Specimens examined: Without lo<'alit\-, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Brandegee 979
in part; Wenacho Mountains, Cotton 1234.
Zonal ulstuibition: Arid Transition.
3. Capnorea pumila (IX)ugl.) Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.
ViUarsin pumiUi I\>ut:l.; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 70. 1838.
IhsjHrochiron piimilu.i Porter; Ilaydeii, Ginil. Kep. 768. 1872.
Capnorea uenxy-sa Greene, I'itttdiia 6: .'Jl. H)02.
Type uxALiTi': "Amer. boreali m-e." Collected by Douglas in 1829.
Kan(;e: Wa-shington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SpEtiMENs examined: Blue Mountains, 7/or;ier R 105; B354; without locality, Su)tst7o//
in 1878.
An authentic Douglasian spe<-inien of Villarsia •pumila in the Gray Herbarium is the
same as Capnorea neny).<ta Gn*ene.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Capnorea villosula Greene, Pittonia 5: 52. 1902.
Type uxality: Pullman, Washington.
Ranoe: Known only from the type hn-ality.
Specimens examined: Pullman, ^J/nitr 1001 ; Ftj^r 1698.
Zonal distribittion: Arid Transition.
6. Capnorea hirtella Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.
Type locality: "Wet prairies of Eastern Wjushington." Collected by Howell.
Specimens examined: Eastern Washington, Howell April, 1890.
KOMANZOFFIA.
1. Bomanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petorsb. VI. 2: 158. 1832.
Type ixx'ALIty: Sitka.
Rance: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2233; Silverton, BoucJc 149 (pedicels
glandular!); Bridge Creek, Elmer 690; Mount Baker, Flett 863; Green River Hot Springs,
Piper in 1887; .Mount Rainier, Flelt 229; Goat Mountains, Allen 236.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian and Canadian.
HYDROPHYLLUM. Waterleap.
Flowers in dense clusters; leaf lobes obtuse 1. II. capitatum.
Flowers in loose clusters; leaf lobes usually acutish.
Calyx lobes pubescent on the back and ciliate.with long, soft hairs;
leaves with 5 to 9 scattered segments, paler beneath 2. fl. albifrons.
Calyx lobes glabrous on the back, hirsute-cihate, basal leaves with
5 approximate segments 3. 11. tenuipes.
1. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl., Benth. Linn. Trans. 17; 273. 1837.
Type ix>cality: "in the interior of the Columbia in Northwest America." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1249; Simcoe Hills, Howell, June, 1879;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache, Whited 23; Clealum, Henderson, inne 11, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 45, Pullman, Elmer 1002; Moore, May, 1893; Piper
1893, 1696.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition. .
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 469
2. HydrophyUum albifrons Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 267. 1898.
HydrophyUum congestum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 136. 1899.
Type locality: Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Idaho.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 658; Okanogan County, Whited
222; Silverton, Bouck 150; Mount Rainier, Piper 2124; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 453,
591; Henderson 685; Goat Mountains, Allen 2,32; Klickitat River, Flett 1250: without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1697; Hrdl 773; Blue Mountains, Horner 3351
;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1183^.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
This species is very close to H.fendleri (A. Gray) Heller, to which it has been referred.
The plant called H. ntacrophyllum Nutt. in Cooper's Report is probably //. olbifronx, which
has also been confused with //. occidentale (S. Wats.) A. Gray, a species of more southern
range.
The type specimen of 77. congestum Wiegand really came from Mount Rainier (Mount
Tacoma) and not from Tacoma as published.
3. HydrophyUum tenuipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 582. 1898.
Type locality: Montesano, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, 77eZZer 3853; Iloquiam, Lamb 1140 \ Clallam County,
Elmer 2831; Ilwaco, Piper 5000; Seattle, Piper 260, 3020: Skokomish River, Kincaid,
May 16, 1902; Tacoma, Flett 1768; Quinault, Conard 134; without locality, Wilkes Expe-
dition.
Zonal distkibution : Humid Transition.
Two quite distinct forms of this species occur, but satisfactoiy characters to separate them
are not evident. The coast form like Piper's 5000 has dark blue flowers on long peduncles,
and thick leaves coarsely and doubly crenate-dentate, while the form away from the imme-
diate coast has thinner leaves, simply dentate, and pale flowers on shorter peduncles.
HydrophyUum tenuipes has heretofore been referred to 77. virginicum L.
NEMOPHILA.
Corolla campanulate, bluish 1 . A^. sepnlta.
Corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate, white.
Leaves mostly alternate ; corolla shorter than calyx 2. N . brerifora.
Leaves mostly opposite; corolla equaling the calyx or longer.
Seeds mostly to 8 per capsule; leaves oblong 3. A'^. pedunculata.
Seeds mostly 4 per capsule; leaves ovate 4. N. parvijlora.
1. Nemophila sepulta Parish, Erythea 7: 93. 1899.
Nemophila densa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 466. 1901.
Nemophila minutifiora Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.
Nemophila menziesii minutijlora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900.
Nemophila reticulata Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.
Nemophila erosa Suksdorf, op. cit. 23.
Type locality: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 684, 397; Bingen, Suksdorf
2198; Clarke County, Suksdorf 2315.
2. Nemophila brevifiora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 315. 1875.
Type locality: "Mountains of Utah." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June, 14, 1892; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf in 1881; Klickitat River, Flett 1013; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Nemophila pedunculata Doiigl.: Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.
Type ux^aliti-: "On the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 2(i'i7 , 2638.
4. Nemophila parviflora Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.
Type ixx'ality: "From the Columbia." Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coa.st region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Klmer 2830; Whidby I.sland, Gardner 395;
Seattle, Piper in 1885; upf>cr Nisqually Valley, Allen 61; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Vancouver, Piper 4940.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PHACELIA.
Leaves entire or with a few much smaller lateral lohefl.
Flowers bright blue, rather large.
Low, branched from the base; ovules only 4 1. P. Jiumilis.
Taller, erect ; ovules 10 or more 2. P. linearis.
Flowers white or bluish, small.
Herbage canesoent 3. P. heterophyUa.
Herlwige green, hirsute 4. P. nemoralis.
Leaves pinnately cleft into narrow sul)cqual lol>es.
Annual ; stems erect 9. P. glandnlifera.
Perennials.
Stems erect.
Stems weak, reclining 8. P. ramosissima.
Leave-s silky; inflorescence not glandular 5. P. sericea.
Leaves green; inflorescence glandular.
Calyx not ciliat<>; leaves not glandular 6. P. procera.
Calyx ciliate; leaves glandular 7. P. tenia.
1. PhaceUa humilis Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2: 122. 1855-57.
Type ixk'auty: " Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada, California."
Range: Wa.shington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, //f/wZcrson 2541 ; Egbert Springs, (Sarx/ftfir^ cfe
Leiherg 352; Yakima region, Brandegee 974; Wcnache, Whited 1103, 35; Douglas County,
Spillman, May, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242. 1895.
PhaceUa memiesii Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 252. 1871.
nydrophyUum lineare Pursh, Fl. 1 : 134. 1814.
Eutoca memiesii R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 764. 1823.
Euloca mvltifora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1180. 1828.
Type ix>cality: "On the banks of the Missouri. April." Collected by Lewis. The
specimen in the Philadelphia Academy bears the label "Rocky Camp, April 17, 1806."
This spot is on the Dalles of the Columbia, and it is probable that Pursh has made an error.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 210; Mount Adams, Flett 1247; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 330; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; North Yakima, Mrs.
Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Piper 2958; Hindshaw 24; Rock Lake, Sandherg cfc Leiherg 116;
Pend Oreille Rivier, LyaU in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; along Tukanon River,
Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Almota, Piper 1695; Wawawai,
Lake <& HuU 566; Elmer 1^.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 471
3. Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, Fl. 1: 140. 1814.
Phacdia hastata Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 20. 1830.
Type locality: "On dry hills on the banks of the Kooskooskce," Idaho. Collected by
Lewis. *
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandherg & Leiherg, August, 1893; Wenache, Whited
23, 1129; Ellensburg, Elmer 388; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 567; Pasco, Hindshaw 24;
Spokane, Henderson 2564; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 567; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 475; Clarks Springs, Kreager 116; Kalispel Lake, Kreager
445; Clallam County, Elmer 2829«; "North Branch of the Columbia," Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Phacelia nemoralis Greene, Pittonia, 1: 141. 1887.
Type locality: "Common in the hills behind Oakland and Berkeley, California."
Range: Washington to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamh 1161; Shoalwatcr Bay, Cooper in 1854;
Montesano, Heller 3923; Silverton, Bouck 148; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Horse-
shoe Basin, Lake cfe Hull, August 24, 1892; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 25, 1892;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Columbia River, Scouler; Puget Sound,
Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Phacelia seilcea (Graham) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875.
Eutoca sericea Graham; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pi. 3003. 1830.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains, North America." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Colorado and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2827; Mount Steele, Piper 2229; Mount
Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Puyallup Glacier, Flett 265; Klickitat River, Flett
1248; Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Blett 2174.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Phacelia procera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875.
Type locality: "Mountain meadows of the Sierra Nevada in Sierra and Nevada Coun-
ties," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Trout Lake, Suksdorf 412; Simcoe Mountains, Hoviell 334;
Cleman Mountain, Henderson; near Wenache, WMted 146, 1160; Peshastin, Sandherg cfe
Leiherg 500; Leavenworth, Savage 30.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
7. Phaceha lenta Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.
Type locality: "Bare hills of the Columbia River," Washington. Collected by Bran-
degee.
Range: Eastern Washington. Known only by the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Brandegee 976.
8. Phaceha ramosissima Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 21. 1830.
Type locality: Nonegiven. According to Hooker: " Dry rocky plains of the Columbia
near Priests Rapid and at the Stony Island." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Near Orondo, Whited 196; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 975;
Wenache, Whited 1304, 1375; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg <& Leiherg 288; Soap Lake,
McKay 1.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Phacelia glandvilifera, sp. nov.
Annual, branched from the base, 5 to 30 cm. high, hispid, and glandular throughout;
loaves
oblong, pinnatoly parted into 11 to 15 narrow divisions, these acutish
and mostly 2 to 6-
lobed- calyx lobes spatulate-oblanc^olate, obtuse, entire or rarely
bearing a smgle lobe,
hispid and glandular, about 6 mm. long in flower, becoming twice as long and
remainmg
erect in fniit; corolla pale violet, campanulate-funnelfonn, 6 mm.
long, barely exceedmg
the calyx, 15-nerved, its rounded lobo.s 1.5 mm. long, the crests very ol>scure
or wantmg;
stamens included, the slender filaments subulate, unequally inserted
toward the base, the
whit<? anthers cordati-reniform ; style 2-<left at apex; stigmas capitate;
capsule oblong,
5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely hispidulous; .seeds al)out 12, angular,
lanceolate-oblong,
beautifully tul)en-ulat* in transverse rows, 1.7 mm. long.
This plant has long Ikm-u confused with P. iivsiana Torr. of the Great Basin
region south-
ward though attention was called to its di.sfinctnes8 long since.a P.
iwsiana differs m
having its herbage more hispid and nearly glandicss, and in having broader,
obtuse, mostly
entire leaf lolx>s. glandles.^ calyx, and more deeply corrugated seeds.
Specimens examined: Wa-shington-Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas
County,
Sandberg rf- Uiberg :««, June, 189:?; ?a.sco, Pij^r 29.54, May 25, 1899 (type) ; same
locality,
Ihndermn 2S40; Morgan's Ferr>', Yakima County, Sw^do// 398. Oregon-Sage Plams,
//ouWZ, June 16, 1885; Ontario, Uiherg 2()15; Guano Ranch, Cwj7/e tfe lAherg 5, July 24,
1896; ^tern Oregon, Cutnclc 1670. Idaho-without locality, Hayden in 1872;
Big Butte
Station, Palmer .590: Blue Lakes, Palmer 65.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CONANTHUS.
1 Conanthus parviflorus Greenman, Erythea 7: 117. 1899.
GUia hupida Pipi-r, Erythea 6: :«). 1898, not Conanthus hispidus Heller
nor Nama
hvipida A. Gray. 1862.
.
TkPE ixx-ALm-: " Oregon in sandy .soil of the Malheur." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Near Morgan's Ferry, SuJcmlorf 390; Wallula, Bramlegee
978;
Pasco, Piper 2968; Hind-xhatr, May 25, 1896; JhnderHon 2402; Pi^r, July 10,
1897.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Washington specimens referred to Nama demissum A. Gray ^nd Conanthus
arehmdes
Wats, belong to this species.
BORAGINACEAE. Boraoe Family.
Ovary undivided, sometimes 2 to 4-grooved; style terminal.
Style entire; stigma ix^ltate Heliotrop.um(p 473).
Style 2-cleft ; stigmas capitate Coldenia (p. 474)
.
Ovary 4-parted; the style arising from iKitween the parts.
Nutlets armed with barlxid prickles.
Nutlets erect, prickly on the margins and sometimes
ontheback Lappula (p. 474).
Nutlets spreading, prickly all over Cynoglossum (p. 476).
Nutlets not armed with barbed prickles,
Calyx much enlarged and membranous in fruit Asperugo (p. 476).
Calyx not much enlarged nor membranous in fruit.
Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform, blue .... Mertensia (p. 476).
Corolla funnelform or rotate.
Nutlets erect attached by the very base.
Racemes bractless; corolla rotate; roots
slender Myosotis (p. 486).
oCoville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 159. 1893.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 473
Racemes bracteate; corolla funnelform;
roots thick Lithospermum (p. 486).
Nutlets erect or oblique, attached above the
base, a more or less prominent fruiting
receptacle (gynobase).
^ ^
Corolla yellow or orange, with naked
open throat Amsinckia (p. 480).
Corolla white or blue with throat more
or less fornicate—that is, bearing
prominent swellings.
Nutlets very flat and thin, attached
above the middle, the margins
spinulose Pectocarya (p. 482).
Nutlets thick, attached at or below
the middle.
Perennials.
Corolla blue; nutlets ob-
lique, the dorsal surface
with an acute, entire or
spiny margin Eriteichixjm (p. 480).
Corolla white or whitish;
nutlets ovate-trigonous . Oreocarya (p. 481).
Annuals.
Calyx circumscissile Piptocalyx (p. 481).
Calyx not circumscissile.
Gynobase elongate,
the nutlets attached
by one-third their
length or more Cryptanthe (p. 483).
Gynobase low.
Nutlets oblique
or incurved, at-
tached about
the middle by
a caruncle-like
process; leaves
all alternate.. Plagiobothrys (p. 482).
Nutlets attached
just inside the
base ; lower
leaves opposite Allocarya (p. 485).
HELIOTROPIUM.
1. Heliotropium curassavicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753.
1 Ileliotro'pium chenopodioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 175. 1809.
Type locality: " In Americae calidioris maritimis."
Range: Washington to Virginia and southward.
Specimens examined: Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, 5arMZ6€r(7<fc Zetfter^ 339; Walla
Walla, Lj/oZ/, June, 1860; Waitsburg, Corner 379; without locality, Fasey in 1889; Walluja,
Cotton 1074a.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COLDENIA.
1. Coldenia nuttallii Hook. Joum. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3: 296. 1851.
Tigut/ia pamyo/ta Nutt.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type IjOcalitt: " Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
* Range: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens e.xamined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg dk I^iberg 343; Kennewick, Piper,
July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1061; Henderson, Juno, 1892; without locality, Brandegee 982.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
LAPPULA.
.\nnual.s; scar of the nutlets linear.
Lateral prickles of the fruit free 8.L. occidentalis.
Lateral prickles of the fruit united 9. L. aijndaia.
Perennials; scar of nutlets triangular or ovate.
Lateral prickles united for about half their length.
Corolla greenish, the IoIjcs broadest at base 6. L. Mspida.
Corolla blue, the lol)es narrowest at ba.se 7. L. cUiaia.
Lateral prickles of the fruit free to the base or nearly so.
Swellings in throat of corolla pul)escent.
Flowers white
;
pubcsc«nc«, harsh, appressed 1. L. arida.
Flowers l»lue ; puliescence soft, not appressed 2. L. saxatilis.
Swellings in throat of corolla not pul)escent.
Flowers white : .swellings as long as broad 5. L. hendersoni.
Flowers blue ; swellings broader than long.
Corolla 4 to 6 mm. broad 3. L. florihunda.
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad 4. L. diffusa.
1. Lappiila arida Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.
Lappula coUoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 549. 1902.
Ti-PE locality: Ellcnsburg, Wa.shington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Wkited, Juno, 1896 and 1047; Ellcnsburg, fi'Zrncr 385;
Whited 324; Piper 2676; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc I^herg 595; Douglas County, Sj/Ulman,
May 27, 1896; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 277; Coulee City,
Piper 3840; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan Butte, Griffiths tfc Cotton 173; Wenache
Mountains, Griffiths dk Cotton 126; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 360, 579, 650.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Lappula saxatilis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: .541. 1902.
Type locality: "Rocky sides of canons, Klickitat River, Wash." Collected by
SuLsdorf. Not otherwise known.
3. Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2 : 182. 1891.
Echinjospermum fioribundum Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830.
Type locality: "Lake Pentanguishene to the Rocky Mountains," collected by Drum-
mond, according to Hooker.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandegee 986.
4. Lappula diffusa (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.
Echinospermum diffusum Lehm. Pug. 2 : 23. 1830.
Type locality: "N. W. America," collected by Douglas, according to Hooker.
Range: British Columbia to California, Montana, and Utah.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 475
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1258; mountains near Ellensburg,
Piper 2669; upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Klickitat River, SuJcsdorf 592; Fleet
1011; Blue Mountains, Horner 121, 341; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
5. Lappula hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 539. 1902.
Type locality: "Clemens Mountains, Yakima County, Washington." Collected by
Henderson.
Range: Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Svksdorf, Juno, 1881; Upper Yakima, Lyall
in 1860; Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892.
6. Lappula hlspida (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.
Echinospermum dijfusum Mspidum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 225. 1882.
Echinospermum Mspidum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2' : 422, 1886.
Type locality: Rocky hillsides of Pine Creek near the mouth. Union County, Oregon.
Collected by Cusick.
Range: Northeastern Oregon and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Asotin County, Sheldon in 1897.
7. Lappula ciliata (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.
Cynoglossum ciliatum Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830.
Echinospermum ciliatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 225. 1882.
Type locality: "Kettle Falls and Spokane River, Washington." Collected by Dougla.s.
Range: Spokane and Stevens counties, Washington.
Specimens examined: Chewelah, John K. Ely 55; Spokane, Dewart,M&y 6, lEOl
;
Piper 2292; Henderson, June, 1892; Spokane and Kettle Falls, Douglas in 1826; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 95.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot.Gard. 1: 329. 1900.
Echinospermum redowskii occidentale S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 246. 1871.
Lappula fremoniii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 480. 1901.
Type locality: "In the valleys and on the mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch."
Range: Alaska to Minnesota and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; Wenache, Whited 32, 1048, 1226;
Ellensburg, Elmer 430; Whited 342, 389; Douglas County, Sjnllman,M&j 27, 1896; North
Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1034; Pasco, Hindshaw 17; Piper 2952; Spokane,
Piper 2691; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiherg 174; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407; Kalis-
pel Lake, Kreager 441; Meyers Falls, Kreager 502; North Yakima, Henderson,M&y 25,
1892; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 35; Davis Lake, Kreager 441; Meyers
Falls, Kreager 502; Wenache, Whited, Kt^yiX 15, 1902; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
A specimen collected at Spokane {Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 928) was erroneously
determined and listed as Lappula lappula (L.) Karst.a
9. Lappula cupulata (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 31. 1901.
Echinospermum redowskii cupulatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 530. 1876.
Lappula Columbiana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 28. 1902.
Type locality: Trinity Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 1703.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
Our plant is identical with the type of L. cupulata.
aContr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242, 1895.
476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
CYNOGIiOSSTJM.
1. Cynoglossiun grande Dougl.; I»hm. Pug. 2: 25. 1830.
Type locality: "Shady Woods, N. W. Coast." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Switsdor/" 92; Fort Vancouver, ToZmie.
ASPERUGO.
1. Asperugo procumbens L. Sp. PI. 1: i:i,S. IT/WJ.
Type LfKALiTj': Eun)poan.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Ptp«T 2721.
MERTENSIA.
Planus tall and leafy, ."lOto 100 cm. high, the loaves thin and
broad.
Leaves glabrous on both sides or merely papillose alM)ve;
calyx smooth on the back.
Calj'x lobes elongate, acute, nmch longer than the fniit.
Ijeaves few, green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
acuti.sh 1 . M. mfrma.
Leaves many, pallid, ovate, acuminate 2. M . laevigata.
Calj'x l()l)os short and obtu-se, or triangular and acute,
not longer than the fruit.
Jjeaves acute, mostly sessile; calj'X lobes obtuse 3. M. ambigua.
Leaves acuminate, short-petioled; calyx lobes acute. 4. M. hrachycalyx.
Leaves pilose beneath.
IJpptT leaf surface strigose.
Calyx lol»es canescent 5. M. membranacea.
Calyx lolies not canescent.
Dorsal surface of calyx 1o1h>s glabrous 6. M. jHiniculaia.
Dorsal surface of calyx l<)l)es piilH'sce.nt 7. M. j>latyphylla.
Upper leaf surface smooth or merely papillose.
Calyx lobes pubescent on back 8. M. subcordnta.
Calyx lol)es glabrous on back 9. M. leptophylla.
Plants low, 15 to 40 cm. high, tlie leaves narrow or thickish.
Roots tuberous or fasciculate-tul)erous, shallow-seated;
basal leaves, none.
Leaves glabrous or merely papillose above.
Herbage not glaucous 10. M. pvJchella.
Herbage glaucxius 10a. M. jrtdchella glmica.
Leaves strigose above.
Corolla tube 3 or 4 times as long as the limb 11. M. ohlonyifolia.
Corolla tube once or twice as long as the limb . 12. M. homeri.
Roots not tuberous, vertical; basal leaves numerous, their
dry bases persistent on tiie crown.
Leaves pubescent on both sides 13. M. jmbescens.
Leaves not pubescent on both sides.
Leaves glabrous on both sides 14. M. nutans.
Leaves strigillose al)ove 14a. M. nutans subcaiva.
1. Mertensia infirma sp. nov.
Glabrous throughout except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems
weak, erect or nearly so, 50 to 60 cm. high; basal and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 477
obtuse, the blades 5 to 7 cm. long, shorter than the margined petioles; middle and upper
cauline leaves lanceolate, acute or acutish, 5 to 10 cm. long, narrowed toward the ba.se,
sessile or short-petioled ; inflorescence rather open, the bracts foliaceous; petioles slender,
papillate near the calyx; calyx divided nearly to the base, the lance-ol)long k)bes smooth
excepting the appressed-ciliate margin, about one-third as long as the corolla-tube; corolla
bright blue, about 18 mm. long, the arapliate limb distinctly shorter than the tube; fila-
ments dilated, longer than the anthers; fruit not seen.
In damp thickets, Ellensburg, April 25, 1897, Kirk Wliited 307.
This species is allied to M. intermedia Rydbeig, but is at once distinguislied by the
larger corolla with relatively longer tube. The type is in the U. S. National Herbarium
(sheet no. 366088)
.
2. Mertensia laevigata sp. nov.
Stems stout, erect, more or less glaucous, 40 to 90 cm. high; leaves pale or glaucescent,
numerous, the cauline ovate, acuminate, glabrous or somewhat papillate above, glabrous
beneath, ciliate on the margin, 5 to 7 cm. long, short-petioled; inflorescence loose, the
pedicels appressed-pubescent or muriculate; calyx divided nearly to the base, its lobes
lance-oblong, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back, over half as long as the corolla tube;
corolla blue, 14 mm. long, the somewhat ampliate limb as long as the tube; filaments dilated,
shorter than the anthers; nutlets finely muriculate, pale, the scar of attachment central.
The following specimens are referred here: Goat Mountains, 0. D. Allen, no. 231, July 22.
1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116, altitude 2,000 m., August 15, 1895; type sheet no. 3369i/
in U. S. National Herbarium; Klickitat River, Flett 1199, June 27, 1899; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1195, August, 1898; "California Bob" Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1383, August
4, 1897; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June 6, 1899; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116.
3. Mertensia ambigua sp. nov.
Stems glabrous and leafy, about 60 cm. high; leaves thin, acute, more or less papillose
above, spareely scabrous-ciliate on the margins, the lower cauline lanceolate or lance-ovate,
8 or 10 cm. long, on petioles of nearly equal length, the middle and upper cauline oblong or
oblong-ovate, or the uppermost ovate and sessile; inflorescence loose and open; pedicels
muriculate; calyx short, its lobes oblong, scarcely broader at base, mostly obtuse, smooth
on the back, ciliate, only one-fifth as long as the corolla tube, and in fruit exceeded by the
nutlets; corolla blue, 12 mm. long, the tube about twice as long as the slightly enlarged
throat; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers; nutlets pale, distinctly keeled on the
back, slightly tuberculate, the triangular scar central.
Collected by G. R. Vasey in the Cascade Mountains of central Washington in 1889. The
type sheet is in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 296759.
4. Mertensia brachycalyx sp. nov.
Whole plant glabrous except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems
stout, erect, leafy, a meter or more high; leaves bright green, lance-ovate, or tlu; lower
cauline lanceolate, smooth beneath, usually papillose above, 5 to 10 cm. long, the lower
ones petioled; inflorescence leafy and open, the flowers in small clusters subtended by a pair
of leafy bracts on slender branches; calyx small, glabrous, the short triangular acute lobes
often unequal; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long, the tube as long as the strongly ampliate
throat; filaments dilated, much shorter than the anthers; fruit whitish, nearly smooth,
convex on back.
Collected near Nason Creek, Chelan County, at an altitude of 1,400 meters by Sandbcrg
& Leiberg, no. 678, August 14, 1893, the type in the U. S. National Herbarium.
5. Mertensia membranacea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 33. 1901.
Type locality: Priest River, Idaho.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Davis Ranch near Mount Carlton, Kreager 202, 216.
478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4: 318. 1838.
Pulinonaria jmniculata Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 181. 1789.
Type locality: Hudson Bay.
Range: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Minnesota and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 190.
7. Mertensia platyphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 548. 1899.
i Lilhospermum deniiculatum Lehni. Asper. 2: 294. 1818.
Type localiti-: Montesano, Washington. Collected by Heller.
Range: Western Washington.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3872; New London, Lamb 1168; Skokoniish
River, Kincaxd, May 16, 1892.
2^)Nal distuibition: Humid Transition.
According to Hooker the type of Lithospermuin dtnticulatum Lehin. was collected in
"Shatly woods near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. Mr. Toimie."
It has usually been considered a synonym of Mertensia nibiricu L., but it probably will
prove it to be M. platyphylla Heller.
8. Mertensia subcordata Greene, Pittonia 4: 89. 1899.
TiPE i^x;ality: Roscburg, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens exa.minei): Cascade Mountains, Ilendemon 22.59; Mount Stuart, Whited 79G;
Blue Mountains, Homer 367; Lake tfc Hull 639; Piper, July 17, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
9. Mertensia leptophylla sp. nov.
Stems glabrous, stout, erect, a meter or more high; leaves ovate, acute, pilose beneath,
glabrous above, ciliate, very thin, the blades 6 to 10 cm. long, all on margined petioles 1
to 3 cm. long; inflorescence loose; pedicels with spreading pu])es(enco; calyx parted nearly
to ba.se, the IoIk's narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, smooth on tlie back; corolla
blue, about 12 mm. long, the slightly enlarged throat as long as the tube; filaments dilated,
shorter than the anthers.
Known only from the Olympic Mountains of Clallam County, the type collected by Elmer,
no. 2826, July 1900, sheet no. 402139 in the U. S. National Herbarium. The plant was
also collected on Mount Storm King by Lawrence, no. 359, July 23, 1904.
10. Mertensia pnlchella sp. nov.
Stems erect, solitary or rarely two, glabrous, 15 to 20 cm. high; tubers shallow-seated,
simple or fasciculate-branched, black; leaves green, elliptic or ovate, mostly obtuse,
thickish, glabrous beneath, more or less papillose above, scabrous-ciliate, the lower nar-
rowed at base and short-petioled, the middle and upper ones ovate, sessile, often half-
clasping, 2 to 10 cm. long; lowest leaves much reduced, scarious; flowers in a close cluster,
usually 10 to 15; calyx parted nearly to the base, the lobes oblong-lanceolate very acute,
denticulate; corolla blue, its tube three to four times as long as the calyx and nearly as
broad as the ampliatc limb; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers; nutlets small, dark
gray, finely muriculate, attached by a pale and prominent scar, inclosed in the tube of the
much enlarged fruiting calyx.
The following collections have been examined:
Idaho: On the lower Clearwater River, Sandberg, Heller, cfc MacDougal, 75 and 75a,
April 30, 1892 (type sheet in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 213037); without locality,
Rer. G. Ainslee in 1874; Henderson, April 21, 1894; Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Heller,
June 2, 1896; Lewiston, Byron Hunter, 11, March 31, 1900.
All the above specimens are from Idaho, close to the Washington line, so that the species
doubtless occure within our limits.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 479
10a. Mertensia pulchella glauca subsp. nov.
Herbage slightly glaucous throughout; leaves narrower, usually elliptic, mostly nar-
rowed at base; stems often 2 to 4 from the same tuber; corolla tube more slender.
Specimens examined: Hills west of Wepache, Whited 1010, March 31, 1899; type sheet
no. 366511 in the U. S. National Herbarium; Badger Mountain, Whited, May 24, 1900.
This may well prove a distinct species, but in the light of rather scanty material is con-
sidered too close to M. pulcTieUa.
11. Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4: 372. 1838.
Pulmonaria ohlomjifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 43. 1834.
Mertensia longijlora Greene, Pittonia 3: 261. 1898.
Type locality: "Towards the sources of the Columbia River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington, Idaho, Montana.
Specimens examjned: FortColville, Lj/aZHn 1861; Upper Columbia, 6'e(/e7" 316; Cheney,
Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 48; Spokane, Lyall in
1861; Henderson in 1892; Wenache, Whited 1010; Pullman, Piper 1875; Almota, Piper,
April 7, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1883.
12. Mertensia homeri sp. nov.
Stems 8 to 15 cm. high, glabrous, solitary or rarely 2 or 3, erect from a shallow-seated
oblong, black tuber; basal leaves none; cauline 2 to 5, oblong, obtuse, pale and some-
what glaucous, appressed puberulent above, glabrous beneath, sessile, or the lower ones
short-petioled, 2 to 3 cm. long; lowest leaves reduced and scarious; inflorescence close;
calyx glaucous, parted nearly to the base, its lobes oblong-lanceolate, very acute, dcnticu-
Jate-ciliatc on the margin; corolla blue, 10 to 12 mm. long, its tube about twice as long as
the calyx; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Washington, Prof. R. M. Horner 366, April 3, 1897,
the type in the U. S. National Herbarium, sheet no. 318875; Union County, Oregon, Cusick,
1830, April 13, 1898.
13. Mertensia pubescens sp. nov.
Tufted from a stout vertical caudex covered with the dead bases of old leaves; stems 10
to 15 cm. high, leafy to the top; leaves numerous, the cauline inclined to be secund, linear
or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, only the midrib evident, 3 to 6 cm. long, mostly
about 5 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, the basal ones attenuate into margined
petioles about as long as the blades, the cauline sessile and but little reduced upwards;
panicle short, dense, nodding; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, coarsely ciliate, glabrous on
the back, a third to a fourth as long as the corolla tube; corolla blue, the narrow tube
6 to 8 mm. long, one-half longer than the campanulate limb; filaments dilated, as long as
the anthers.
Collected near Waterville, Douglas County, by Eirlc Whited, 1214, April 23, 1900,, the
type sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 370326.
Closely allied to M. amoena A. Nelson and M. bakeri Greene, but distinguished by its
narrow more pubescent leaves and longer corollas.
14. Mertensia nutans Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 491. 1901.
Type locality: "On the north side of high ridges, eastern Oregon and Washington."
The type specimen is from Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and % Colorado.
Specimens examined: Near Granddalles, Gorman, April 20, 1892; Klickitat County,
Howell, May, 1880; Wenache, Whiud 1034; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
14a. Mertensia nutans subcalva subsp. nov. '
Leaves minutely strigose above; otherwise as in M. nutans.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, J. S. Cotton, 328, April 29, 1901.
480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM T"iE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Mertensia maritima (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 2: 354. 1821. (Pulmonaria
maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 136. 1753.)
Tliis species is .>iaid by A. Gray o to occur on the coast of Washington, and it is included
in Suk.sdorf's list. Tliere arc, however, no specimens in any of the American herbaria to
substantiate the statement.
ERITRICHITJM.
1. Eritrichium howardi (A.Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 327. 1900.
OmjthahMUs houxmli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 263. 1885.
Cynoglossum hoimrdi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 188. 1878.
TiPE UK'ALirv: Rocky Mount aias in Montana.
Ranuk: \Va.shington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 130.
AMSINCKIA.
Nutlet.s not muriculate, the projections smooth and pavement-like; calyx
lobes oblong, obtuse 1. A. tesseUata.
Nutletii muriculate-scabrous.
Erect ; calyx htbes linear 2. A. intermedia.
Spreading; caly.x lolx^s lanl^eolate or ovate, two or three of them
often united 3. A. lycopsoides.
1. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gniy, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 54. 1874.
Tyi'k mk'ai.ity: "Contra Costa mountains near Monte Diablo," California.
Ranoe: Wa.shingt«)n to Utah and California.
Spi>x;imen.s examined: Wenache, M^Aito/, June, 1896 and 44; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20,
1807; North Yakima, Pii>er 27S.'): Ilejulerson 2558; Pasco, Piper 2971, 2977; Hirukhaw
20; Snipes Mountain, 6'oW.y« 312; Coulee City, Piper 3847; Ephrata to Ritzville, 6?ri^<A« cfe
Cotton 489.
Zonal distiubution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1835.
EiUoca memiem Lehn>. Pug. 2: 29. 1830, not R. Br. 1823.
Type i>ocality: "Hab. cum sequente specie circa coloniam ruthenorum Ross in portu
Bodega Novae Californiae."
Ranoe: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Z,yaH, May 10, 1858; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2,
1897; Port Ludlow, Binm; Ellensburg, Piper 2699; west Klickitat County, SuJc8dorf994,
2007, 390, 995; Rock liake, Saiulberg cfe Leiherg 120; Douglas County, Spillman;
Waitsburg, //om«r 146, 147; Blue Mountains, Piper; Pullman, H«ZZ 638; Elmer; Almota
Piper 2786; Wawawai, Piper 1838; Colfax, Piper; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 479.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
An exceedingly troublesome weed in grain fields of southeastern Washington, locally
known as "tarweed." The species is extremely variable and Su&sdorf segregates from it
three proposed new species, A. arenaria,b A. retrorsa,c and A. micrarUha.c The characters
relied upon seem very slight and we question their value.
3. Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm.; DC. Prod. 10: 117. 1846,^
Lithospermum lycopsoides Lehni. Pug. 2: 28. 1830.
Amsinckia lycopsoides hradeosa A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2': 198. 1878.
Type locality: "Straits of De Fuca, Scouler" according to Hooker.
oSyn. Fl. 2: 200, 1878. ^Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900. cQp. cit. 134.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 481
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Sulcsdorf 996; Puget Sound, Suckley; Port Ludlow,
Binns, September 25, 1890; Clallam County, Elmer TIM; Fairhaven, Piper, July 3, 1897;
Spokane, Piper 2275; without locality. Cooper in 1854.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The two forms distinguished by Doctor Gray arc probably worthy of recognition, but
unfortunately his subspecies hradeosa is clearly based on the original Lithospermum
lycopsoides.
PIPTOCALYX.
1. Piptocalyx circumscissus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 414. 1874.
Lithospermuiiii circumscissum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.
Echinospermum circumscissum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1875.
Type locality: "Snake Fort, Snake Countr^^," Idaho. Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Sulcsdorf 404; Sunnyside, Cotton 351; North
\akima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2966; Ilindshav) 30; Ainsworth, Brandt-
gee 991; Wilson Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 228.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
OREOCARYA.
Corolla tube exceeding the calyx 1.0. leucophaea.
Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx.
Herbage not very hispid, but decidedly canescent and the inflores-
cence fulvescent 4.0. sericea.
Herbage very hispid; inflorescence not fulvescent.
Inflorescence very dense; leaves obtuse 2. 0. celosioides.
Inflorescence not very dense; leaves acute 3. O. spiculifera.
1« Oreocarya leucophaea (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.
Myosotis leucophaea Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.
Eritrichium leucophaeum A. DC. Prod. 10: 129. 1846.
Krynitskia leucophaea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 430. 1886.
Type locality: "Arid barrens of the Columbia, and of its nortliern and southern tribu-
taries." Collected b}^ Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Morgans
Ferry , Suksdorf 407 ; arid barrens of the Columbia, Z^oujfZas; Egbert S\mn^, Samlberg cfc
Leiberg 93, 373; Scott, Leckenby, May 16, 1898; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw
2; Elmer 1056; Piper 2987; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 997; Wallula, Cotton 1027.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Oreocarya celosioides Eastwood, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 240. 1{X)3.
Type locality: "From the banks of the Columbia, eastern Washington." Collected
by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 440; Rattlesnake Mountains,
CottonS59; near Columbus, SuArsc/or/', June 10, 1886; Klickitat, /Zowe/i, June, 1879; without
locality, Brandegee 996.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species has been confused with 0. glomerata (Punsh) Greene.
3. Oreocarya spiculifera sp. nov.
Tufted from a stout woody caudex, the whole plant pallid; basal leaves numeror.s,
crowded, spatulate-oblanceolate, acute, only the midnerve evident, densely pubescent i;:)
29418—06 M 31
482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
both sides with fine appressed hairs, scattered among these and on the margins tout
hyahne bristles; blades 1.5 to 2 cm. long, exceeding the margined petioles; cauline leaves
few, similar to the basal ones, but with shorter petioles; flowering stems erect, simple, 20
to 30 cm. high, angled, pul)escent like the leaves; inflorescence of 8 to 12 alternate, sub-
equal, false racemes, floriferous to their bases, the bracts and calyx pubescent like the
leaves, but the bristles more abundant; bracts linear-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the
calyx; pedicels short, soft-hairy ; calyx loU's lanceolate, in flower 5 to 6 mm., in fruit 8 nun.
long; corolla white, salver-form, its tube 5 mm. long, its limb 8 nun. broad; appendages
triangulai'-ovate, obtuse, short; nutlets pale brown, dull, ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long, each
with a snuH)th, narrow margin, the back bluntly tuberculate, the ventral side rugose, the
groove reaching nearly to the apex; gynobase longer than the nutlets.
Type in the National Herbarium, collected at Ritzville, Adams County, by Sandberg &
Leibeni (no'. 164), June 6, 1893.
4. Oreocarya sericea (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.
Krynitnl'ia sericfa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 279. 1885.
Ti'PE locality: "Alpine and subalpine on the mountains from Colorado and Utah to
Oregon and Montana and probably in the British Possessions."
Ranoe: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, U'Aito/ 1099; Spokane, Pi;;cr 2294; Henderson 2563.
Zonal imstribctiox: Arid Transition.
PECTOCARYA.
Nutlets oblong, the wings undulate 1 . P. penicillata.
Nutlets obovate, the wings entire or wanting.
Nutlets with a thin .scarious wing 2. P. setosa.
Nutlets wingless 3. P. pusilUi.
1. Pectocarya penicillata (II(H)k. & Am.) A. DC. Prod. 10: 120. 1846.
Cynoglossum jwnicUlatuin Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371. 1840.
Type ixktality: California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 86; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892;
Pasco, Piper 2967; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 181X3; Harrington, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 223; Coulee City, Piper 3869; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 984; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Griffiths db Cotton 22.
Zonal distkibutign: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Type uk:ality: "On the desert plains of the upper Mohave River," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, firaruile^ee 985; North Yakima, /ieTu/eraon. 2560.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Pectocarya pusilla (A. DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Gruveiia pusilla A. DC. Prod. 10: 119. 1846.
Type locality: "In Chili prope Valparaiso et moutem la Leona."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: We.st Klickitat County, /SwArs(ior/' 410.
PLAGIOBOTHRYS.
Nutlets somewhat cruciform, muriculate 1. P. teneUus.
N utlets ovate, carinate, dull, roughened 2. P. nothofvlvus.
1. Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 283. 1885.
Myosotis tenella Nutt.; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 295. 1851,
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 483
Plagiobothrys asper Greene, Pittonia 3: ^62. 1898.
Type locality: "Sunny rocky slopes of the mountains along the Coeur d'Alene River,"
Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, LyaZZ in 1858; Orca^ Island, LyaZHn 1858; Fort
Vancouver, Tolmie; Wenachc, Whited 1046; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane,
Piper; Henderson; Samlberg & Leiherg 10; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 990; near Waits-
burg, Horner 160; Wawawai, Piper; Elmer 767; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 285. 1885.
Eritrichium nothofalvum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 227. 1882.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Spbcimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sw/.-.st/w// 37.
CRYPTANTHE.
Nutlets with scarious crenate wings 1. C. pterocarya.
Nutlets not winged.
Surface of nutlets smooth and shining.
Nutlets solitary or rarely two, narrow, attenuate-acuminate.
Venti'al groove simple, elongated at base 2. O. Jiaccida.
Ventral groove bifurcate at base 3. C. suJcsdorJii.
Nutlets four, ovate, acute or .short-acuminate.
Ventral groove simple to the base 4. C. affinis.
Ventral groove forked at base.
Pubscence setose, spreading 5. 6'. ramulosissima.
Pubescence somewliat appressed 6.6'. toireyana.
Surface of nutlet rough.
Calyx twice as long as the acuminate nutlets 7. C. ainhigua.
Calyx little longer than the acute nutlets 8. 6'. muriculata.
1. Cryptanthe pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887.
Eritnchium pterocaryvm Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859.
Krynitskia pterocarya A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 276. 1885.
Type locality: "Near El Paso," Texas.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: P^llensburg, nindshaw,M&y, 1896; Yakima, Henderson in 1S92;
Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1886 and no. 41; Piper 2961; Coulee City, Piper 3881; Wilson
Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 260; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 995; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Cryptanthe flaccida (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887.
Mysolis jiaccida Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.
Eritrichium oxycaryum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1874.
KrynitsTcia oxycarya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 425. 1878.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast in dry plains." Collected l)y Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Coulee City, Piper 3887; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 304; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 173; without
locality, Brandegee 992; Almota, Piper 1702; Waitsburg, Homer 602, 144; Wawawai,
Lake cfc Hull 820; Elmer 766.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Cryptanthe suksdorfii (Greeninan).
Kripiitslcia sukshoijii Greouman, But. Gaz. 40: 146. 1905.
Type ux'ality: "On dry hillsides near Rockland, Klichitat County," Washington.
Collected hy Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens e.xamineu: Rockland, Suksdorf, June 8, 1904.
4. Cryptanthe afllnis (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887.
Krynilskia affinis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 270. 1885.
Type locality: "E. side of the Cascades near Lat. 49°." Collected by Lyall in 1860.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 455; Klickitat River, Flett 1197; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Hender-
son; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3092; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Waitsburg,
Uomer 603; along Touchet River, Homer 381.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
5. Cryptanthe ramulosissima A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 68. 1899.
Type uk:ality: Laramie, Wyoming.
Range: Washington and Wyoming.
Specimens e.xamined: Pasc«>, Elmer 1054; Piper 2750 and 2951; Henderson 2562;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths <& Cotton 24.
Zonal distribution : Upper Souoran.
6. Cryptanthe torreyana Greene, Pittonia 1: 118. 1887.
Kryniizkia torreyana A. Gray, PrcK-. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885.
Krynitzkia leiocarpa Fisch. & Mey. err. det. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859.
Type locality: Grassy hills near San Luis Rey, California, according to label on type
specimen.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3882.
6a. Cryptanthe torreyana calycosa Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887.
Krynilskia torreyana calycosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885.
Type locality: "E. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whiled 506; Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson, May 29, 1892; Falcon Valley, Svksdorf 593; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg
dk Leiberg 249; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Piper, July 6, 1895, 1943; Hen-
derson, 3une 1, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1942, 1945; Wawawai, Late, June 4, 1892; Piper,
1944, 3813, 1941 ; along Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 821 ; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3091.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
There are two forms of this subspecies, one with small corollas and one with large. No
other character seems to be associated with this difference, however.
7. Cryptanthe ambigua (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.
Krynilskia ambigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885. '
Eritrichium. muriculatum Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 17: 416. pi. 1^. 1874.
Cryptanthe monosperma Greene, Pittonia 6: 53. 1902.
Type locality: Nisqually, Washington.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Howell 337; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf 406; with-
out locality, Brandegee 994; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46, 595.
8. Cryptanthe muriculata (A. DC.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.
Eritrichium muriculalum A. DC. Prod. 10: 132. 1846.
Krynilskia murictdaia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885.
^
ii^IPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 485
Myosotis muricaia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 369. 1840, not Lithospermum muricatum
Ruiz & Pavon, 1799.
Allocarya hendersoni A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 69. 1899.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, May 16, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 896
Olyrapia, July 4, 1896; Steilacoom, Piper, May 27, 1888; Fourth Plain, Piper 3083
Vancouver, Tolmie; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 456; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892
Palouse, Cloud, June, 1895; Goat Mountains, Ftoi 2156; Cape Horn, Piper 5018; Pullman,
Elmer 155.
Suksdorf lists under Krynitskia two additional species, Cryptanthe leiocarpa (Fisch. &
Mey.) Greene and C.fendleri (A. Gray) Greene. There is no evidence in the Gray Her-
barium that the former occurs in Washington, though Doctor Gray included this State in
its range, nor have we seen specimens elsewhere. The Wilkes Expedition plant referred to
C. leiocarpa by Torrey is G. torreyana calycosa, collected near Spokane. Suksdorf 's speci-
men on the basis of which C.fendleri is included in his list seems to be C. amhigua.
ALLOCARYA.
Corolla small, 1 to 2 lines broad; branches prostrate.
Nutlets transversely rugose, not bristly 1. A. hispidvla.
Nutlets transversely rugose and bristly 2. A. snhglochidiaia.
Corolla large, 3 to 5 lines broad; stems erect or ascending.
i Nutlets rugulose, granulate, not stipitate 3. A. scovlen.
Nutlets rugulose, granulate, stipitate 4. A. stipitata.
1. Allocarya hispidula Greene, Pittonia 1: 17. 1887.
Type locality: San Bernaidino Mountains, California.
-. Range : Washington and Idaho to California.
I Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell 295; near Mount Adams, Henderson;'
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2113; Ellensburg, Whited 863; Bingen, Suksdorf 2207; Kettle
Falls, Watson 284; Crab Creek, Suksdorf i03; Harrington, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 217; Spo-
kane, Savage 20; Waitsburg, Homer 138; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper, July 20, 1894, 1701, 3022.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A close ally of A. californica, with which it has often been included.
2. Allocarya subglochidiata (A. Gray).
Allocuryahurnistrata Greene, Yiiioma. 1: 16. 1887.
Eritrichium califomicum suhglochidiatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 526. 1876.
Type locality: ' 'Placer to Sierra Co.," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Herwierson, June 13, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake
& Hull, August 6, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Allocarya scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 18. 1887.
Myosotis scouleri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.
Entrichium ^ scouleri A. DC. in DC. Prod. 10: 130. 1846.
Krynitskia scouleri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 267. 1885.
Type locality: "Columbia River."
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Succotash Valley, Piper in 1895; Klickitat County, Suksdorf
45; Howell 336; Seattle, E. S. Meany 531 ; Clallam County, Elmer 2753, 2756.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HRRDARIUM.
A specimen collected by Siiksdorf May 20, 18S1. in Western Klickitat. County I would
refer to ,4. sconleri, hut Professor Gro(>ne regards it as belonging to his Allocarya hirta.a
4. Allocarya stipitata Greene, Pittonia 1: 19. 1887.
Type locality: "In the central part of California."
Range: Washington to California in the coa.st region.
Specimens examined: ( lallain County, Elmer 2755; Tacoma, Flett 2, 879; Mason
County, Pipfr 10.53.
Zonal ni.sTRinrTioN: Humid Transition.
MYOSOTIS. FoRo»rr-ME-NOT.
Perennial: calyx hairs straight : corolla blue \. M .lara.
Annual : calyx hairs h(H>ked ; conilla white 2. M . iiiacroftpemia.
1. Myosotis laxa Lehm. Asper. 83. 1818.
Type lckality: "Habitat in America septentrionale."
Ran<;e: Canada to Virginia ami Tennessee; Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wiiateom, Gardner 415; Walla Walla, Smyige 3; Wenache,
W ft lied 1.362.
Zonal dlstribution : Transition.
2. Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Am. Journ. .Sci. I. 46: 98. 1844.
Type uhality: Te.\ius.
RAN(iE: Wjushington to .\ew Knglnnd, southward to California, Texas, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Whidl)y Island, Gardner 215; Seattle, Piper 618; White Salmon,
Si/JtWor/" 2<)5; Spokane, Ilendermu, May 31, 1892; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1000;
CojijMT River, Horner 149; Waitsburg, Horner 600; Mount Carlton, Krcager 158.
Zonal dlstribution: Transition.
This sp«>cie.s seems amply distinct from Af. venia Nutt., to which it is commonly referred.
LITHOSPERMUM.
1. Lithospertnum ruderale Dougl.; Lehnr Pug. 2: 28. 1830.
? Ijilhospennuni pd^mum Nutt. .lourn. Acad. Phil. 7: 43. 1834.
Lithospermum lanceolatum Rydlxng, .\Icm. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: a33. 1900.
Type locality: "Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomah Rivers." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined. Wcnachc, WInled 1060; Rattlesnake Mountains, <7o//on 358; North
Yakima, Uekenlnj, May, 1898; t'Icli 1035, Whidby Island, Gardner 213, west Klickitat
County, Sukfidorf 1()6, Ritzville, Smidherrj <( Led)erfj, June, 1893. Rock Creek, Sandherg d'
Ijeiherg 128. Colville, Lyall in 18<>1 ; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1S60, witluitit locality, Vasey in
1889. Pullman, Elmer 212; IlullMi). Piper 1700, 1699, Wawnwai, I.nke A llullCAO, Clarks
Springs, Kreager 69; lone, Kreager 402, Colville lie.servation, Griffiths dk Cotton 406.
Zonal distribotion: Arid Transition.
MENTHACEAE. Mint Family.
Ovary 4-lobed.
Corolla nearly regular, 5-cleft Triciiostema (p. 487).
Corolla very irregular, apparently 1-lipped Teuckium (p. 487).
Ovary 4-parted.
Corolla distinctly bilabiate, the upper lip concave.
Ant heriferous stamens 2 Ramona (p. 488).
Antheriferous stamens 4.
^
Cal3'x with a protuberance on the upper side Scutellaria (p. 488). ,
Calyx without protuberance.
a Pittonia 1: 161. 1888.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 487
Upper pair of stamens longer than the lower.
Anther cells parallel Agastache (p. 489)
Anther cells divergent.
Calyx teeth subequal Nepeta (p. 489).
Calyx teeth unequal, the upper very
large Dracocepiialum (p. 489).
Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower.
Calyx bilabiate Prunella (p. 489).
Calyx not bilabiate.
Teeth of the calyx 10, spiny Marrubium (p. 489).
Teeth of the calyx 5, not spiny.
Flowers opposite ; calyx becom-
ing inflated Physosteglv (p. 490).
_
,
'
Flowers whorled ; calyx not be-
coming inflated.
Throat of corolla dilated . Lamium (p. 490).
Throat of corolla not dil-
ated Stachys (p. 490).
Corolla nearly regular, or wnen bilabiate, the upper lip plane.
Corolla regular or nearly so. .
Antheriferous stamens 2 Lycopus (p. 491).
Antheriferous stamens 4 Mentha (p. 492).
Corolla bilabiate.
Plant creeping; flowers axillary Micromeuia (p. 493).
Plant erect; flowers capitate-verticillate Madronella (p. 493.)
TRICHOSTEMA.
Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx; leaves membranaceous, costate-
veined /. T. oblongum.
Corolla tube slender, exserted; leaves crowded, strongly 3 to .5-nprvose. 2. T. lanceolatum.
1. Trichostema oblongum Benth. Lab. 659. 1832-3(5.
Type locality: "In herbidis prope arccm Vancouver." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washingtoji and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf S4; without locality, Douglas; Pullman
Piper 1874; Hull, July 16, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Trichostema lanceolatum. Benth. Lab. 659. 1835-36.
Type locality: "Prope arcem Vancouver in siccis ad flumen Multnomah ct in Nova Cali-
fornia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: California, Oregon, Washington?
It is very doubtful if this plant occurs north of the Columbia River. The above state-
ment of Douglas in Hooker's Flora is the only direct evidence.
TETJCRIUM.
1. Teucrium occidentale A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 349. 1878.
Type locality: Nebraska. Collected by Hayden.
Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Toppenish, Griffiths cfc Cotton 769.
la. Teucrium occidentale viscidum subsp. nov.
DifTei-s from T. occidentale in being viscid-pubescent throughout.
Collected at Mission, Stevens County, in muck land, August 22, 1902, l)y Frank O. Krea-
ger (no. 482). The type is the sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 441297.
488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RAMONA.
1. Bamona incana (Bontli.) Dougl.; Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440, 1894.
Audibertia incana Benth. Bot. Reg. 17: /)/. H69. 1831.
Saliia carnosa Dougl. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type locality : "On the plains of the Columbia, near the Priest's Rapid, and on the
clayey hills near the Big Birch, in 1S26." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited lOGG; Ellen.sburg, Elmer 110; North Yakima,
Mm. Steimveg in 1894: Flett 1029; Ilender-wn, May 21, 1892; Pijier, July 10, 1897; Watt
August, 1895; Yakima River, Sul-><dojf 42H: Egbert Springs, Sandherff ct Leiherg 362; Rattle-
snake Mountains, To^/on 4(57; vSnipes Mountain, ro//o« 388; Columbia Valley, LyaZZ in 1860;
Crab Creek, Sandherg d- Leiherg 244; Douglas County, Sjnllnian,}il&y 27, 1890; Coulee City,
Lake d' Hull, August 8, 1892; Loon I^ke, Winston, July 20, 1897; Soap Lake, McKay 9;
Spokane, H'-nderxon, July 9, 1892; leiherg GO.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
SCUTELLARIA. Skullcap.
Flowers small in axillary or terminal racemes 1. S. lateriflora.
Flowers larger, solitary in the leaf axils.
Lower lip of corolla not villous 2. S. galericulata.
Lower lip of corolla villous within.
Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; leaves oblong, obtuse at each end. . 3. iS. antirrhinoides.
Corolla 16 to 25 mm. long; upper leaves linear or narrow, acute
at base 4. S. angustifolia.
1. ScuteUaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 2: 598. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada, Virginia."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, I^yall ; Wlmtcom County,
SwAWor/" 1001 ; Loomis, Elmer 612; Seattle, Pijter in 1885.
Zonal dkstribution: Humid Transition.
2. Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. PI. 2: 599. 17.53.
Type ixx'ality: European.
Range: Ala.ska to Labrador, soutluvartl to Arizona, Nebraska, and North Carolina.
Specimens exa.mined: Ca.scadc Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Mount Constitu-
tion, //cjMifr.'(on,July4, 1892; Falcon Valley, iS'?/A:.syZor/" 473; ]^»son Creek, Sandherg &Leiberg
619; Mission, Kreager, August 21, HK)2; Wilbur, IIender-wn, Ju\y 12, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake
cfe Htdl, August, 1892; Mai-shail Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mission, Kreager 492.
Zonal dlstiubution : Transition.
3. Scutellaria antirrhinoides Bcntli. Lab. 440. 1834.
Type ixkjality: " Prope arcem Vancouver ad ripas Columbiae." Collected by Scouler.
Range; Oregon, California, Nevada, and ? Washington.
We have .seen no Washington specimens of this species, though Fort Vancouver is given
as the type locality. All recent Wasliington specimens referred to S. antirrhinoides are
S. angustifolia.
4. Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh, Fl. 2: 412. 1814.
Type locality: "On tlie river Kooskoosky." Collected by Lewis, the exact spot oppo-
site Kamiah, Idaho.
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 54; Naches, Lyall in I860;
Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Spokane, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Lake
& Hull 598; Pi-per 1.570; Wawawai, Lake 598; Spokane, Kreager 10.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 489
AGASTACHE.
Leaves green on both sides 1. A. urticifolia.
Leaves white beneath 2. A. occidentalis.
1. Agastache urticifoUa (Benth.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 339. 1900.
Lophantus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under fl. 1282. 1829.
Type locality: "From the north-west const of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, Suhsdorf 426; Crab Creek, Sulcsdorf 427
;
Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 597; Pullman, Piper 1569; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 142.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Agastache occidentalis (Piper) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4. 1900.
FZccHa occiden^oZis Piper, Erythrea 6:31. 1898.
Type locality: "Six miles southwest of EUensburg," Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Wenache, Whited 143§, 1296; EUensburg, Elmer 396; Tam-
pico, Flett 1040; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 353; lower Naches River, Henderson,
June 13, 1892; Douglas County, SpiUman, May 27, 1896; Toppenish, Griffiths cfe Cotton 673.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
NEPETA.
1. Nepeta cataria L. Sp. PI. 2: 570. 1753. Catnip.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Hardwick, July 30, 1895.
DRACOCEPHALUM.
1. Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. 2: 35. 1818.
Type locality: "Around Fort Mandan, on the Missouri." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia, eastward to Lake Ontario, and in the Rocky Mountains to
New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 800; Pend Oreille, Lyall in
1861 ; Medical Lake, Henderson.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PBTTNELLA.
1. Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 2: 600. 1753. Healall.
Prunella vulgaris major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 114. 1838.
Type locality: European.
Range: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £'Zmer 2544; Humptulips, Lam6 1205; Muckle-
shoot. Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Silverton, fiowcAr 145; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Peshastin, Sandberg & Lieberg 541; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 144b; Skamania County, jSu^scZo// 2244; North Yakima, WaW, August, 1895; Ket-
tle Falls, Watson 332; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull,iu\y 1, 1892; Pullman, Hull 604;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 128; Mabton, Griffiths cfc Cotton 570.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
MARRUBIUM.
1. Marrubium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 2: 583. 1753. Horehound.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Almota, Lake cfc Hidl 596. A common weed in most parts of the
State.
490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PHYSOSTEGIA.
1. Physostegia parviflora Nutt; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2>: 383. 1878.
Type .ux^ality: "Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mauntains, latitude 49°, LijaU in 1858; Lindsleys, Ilen-
derson, September 9, 1892; Kettle Falls, Watson 333; Chelan, Elmer 486; Lake Chelan,
Lake dfc HuU 688; Lake Kalispcl, Kreager 320; Mission, Kreager 483.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LAMIUM.
1. Lamium axaplexicaule L. Sp. PI. 2: .579. 17.53.
Type Ijocamty: European.
Specimens examined: Wawawni, Piper 3007.
STACHYS.
Upper leaves sessile, the lower short-petioled 1.5. palustris.
Upper leaves not sessile, the lower loiig-petiolod.
Corolla tube little longer than the c«lyx, calyx lolx*^ .subulate-
aristulate 2. S. buUata.
Corolla tul)o twice as long as the calyx.
Leaves thick, tonientase and reticulate beneath 3. 5. chamissonis.
Leaves thin, not tomentose.
Corolla 20 mm. long; calyx glabrous or sparsely hirsute;
leaves subcordate 4. S. ciliaia.
Corolla 12 mm. long; calyx soft-villous ; leaves m<xstly
cordate 5. S. pubens.
1. Stachys palustris L. Sp. PI. 2: 580. 1753.
Type ix)Cality: European.
KanciE: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat
Count}', Suksdorf 55; Vancouver, Suksdorf 222f^; Alma, Elmer .541 ; Parker, Dunn, August
S, 1901; Coulee City, Henderson 2.533; Rock Lake, Lake A Hull .599; Medical Lake, Hen-
derson 2.532; Spokane, Piper; Union Flat, Lake cfc Hull; Kalispcl Lake, Kreager 449;
Spokane, Kreager 541 ; Mission, Kreager 487; Meyers Falls, Kreager 471.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Stachys bullata Benth. Lab. 547. 1834.
Type LocAun: "Hab, in California."
Ranoe: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Lindsleys, Clarke County, Henderson in 1892; Vancouver, Svks-
doTf2226; Cape Horn, Suksdorf, August 19, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Stachys chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, 665, 666, 84.
These specimens are rather intermediate between ciliaia and chamissonis. They are
possibly referable to S. jlacdda Eastwood, a, but that species is known as yet only from tiic
type specimen.
a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 80. 1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 491
4. Stachys ciliata Dougl.; Benth. Lab. 539. 1832-36.
Stachys coohyae Hellor, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 590. 1899.
Type locality: "Hab. in America boreali-occidentali : ad ripas flurainis Columbiae;
Douglas; Scouler."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3960; Chehalis County, Henderson 2531;
Clallam County, Elmer 2543; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Piper 178; Mount Adams, Sul~sdorf 667 ; Tacomsi, Flelt
121; Lake Quinault, Lamb 1285; Skokomish River, Kincaid; Nisqually Valley, Allen 131
;
Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886; Goose Lake, Flett 1204; Peshastin, Sandherg
<& Leiberg d03; Fort Vancouver, ToZmie; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Ellensburg, £'Zmer
498; Whited 399; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt; Union Gap, Cotton 490; Nason City, Sand-
berg tfc Leiberg; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
The leaves vary from nearly glabrous (typical) to soft-pilose but scarcely tomentose.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Stachys pubens (A. Gray) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: .581. 1898.
Stachys ciliata pubens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 388. 1878.
Stachys emersoni Piper, Erythea 6: 31. 1898.
Type locality: "Washington Terr, to Fraser River."
Range: Washington and British Columbia near the coast."
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3902; Hoquiam, Lamb 1138; Ilwaco, Savage
9; Ocean Beach, Henderson in 1886; without locality. Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4990,
4919; Port Crescent, Lawrence 281a.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
LYCOPUS. '
Plants not stoloniferous; calyx teeth triangular-cuspidate longer than
the nutlet 3. Tj. americanus.
Plants stoloniferous at base.
Calyx teeth subulate longer than the nutlet ; leaves sharply serrate. . 1. L. lucidns.
Calyx teeth obtuse, shorter than the nutlet 2. L. uniflorris.
1. Lycopus lucidus Turcz.; DC. Prod. 12: 178. 1848.
Lycopus lucidus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 286. 1870.
Type locality: "In raontibus Ircutiae."
Range: Washington to California, Kansas, and Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 600; Rock Lake, TMke cfe Hull ()00;
Spokane County, SuJcsdorf 601 ; Mabton, Cotton 749.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Fl. 1: 14. 1818.
Lycopus macrophyUus Benth. Lab. 185. 1833.
Lycopus communis Bickncll in Britton, Man. 803. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. ad Lacus S- Joannis et Mistassins."
Range: British Columbia and Oregon to Labrador and Florida.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 15; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Falcon
YnWcj, Sulcsdorf 14S9; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaZZin 1858-59; Copalis, Conan;
405.
This species has heretofore been referred to L. virginicus L. and thus appears in Suks-
dorf's list.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition. '
3. Lycopus americanus Muhl.; Bart. Fl. Phila. Prod. 12. 1815.
Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 26. 1816.
Type locality: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Kange: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Lakeview, Henderson, July 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 566,
1450; North Yakima, Wait August, 1895; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Ahna, Elmer 543;
Rock Lake, Ixike cfe HnU 602; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Usk, Kreager 354; Seattle,
Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MENTHA. Mint.
Whorls of flowers all axillary 3. M. canadensis.
Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some in the upper axils.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile or nearly so ; spikes slender I. M. sjricafa.
Leaves ovate, petioled ; spikes thick 2. M. dtrata.
1. Mentha spicata L. Sp. PI. 2: 576. 1753. Spearmint.
Type ixx^ality: "Habitat in Dania, Gcrmania, Anglia, Gallia."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, W^aW August, 1895; White Sahaon, Suksdotf.
la. Mentha spicata viridis L. Sp. PI. 2: 576. 1753.
Type locality-: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Vancouver, Piper; White Salmon, Suksdorf.
2. Mentha citrata Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 150. 1792.
Type ixkjality: "F^uropa."
Specimens examined: Tacoraa, Flett 155.
3. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 577. 1763.
Type locality': " Habitat in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Now Brunswick, south to California and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2545; S<',attle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma,
FleU 874; Coulee City, Lake <& Hull, August 6, 1892; McKay 16; North Yakima, Watt
August, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Meyers Falls, Kreager 506; Spokane,
Deioart, July 15, 1901 ; Piper, September 1, 1900; Prosser, Cotton 654; Clealum Lake,
CoUon 842; Mabton, Cotton 748.
Zonal distbibution: Transition.
3a. Mentha canadensis borealia (Michx.).
Mentha borealis Michx. Fl. 2: 2. 1803.
Mentha canadensis glabrata Bcnth. Lab. 181. 1833.
Mentha aniensi/i perardi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 215. 1895.
Type ix)cality: "Hab. juxta amnes ad sinum Hudsonis defluentes."
Range: British Columbia to Sa.skatchewan, south to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Chchalis River, Lamb 1235; Silverton, Bouck 146a; Skamania
County, Suksdorf 1000; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 663, 664; Colville, Lydl in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake cfe Hull 601; Pullman, Lake <fe Hull 601; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Kreager 481; 557, 446; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3b. Mentha canadensis lanata (Piper).
Mentha arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902.
Type locality: Parrott, Lincoln County, Wa.shington. Collected by Lake & Hull.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake & HuU, August 5, 1892; Parrott, Lake cfe
Hull 603; Rock Lake, Lake & HuU 601; Newport, Kreager, August 11, 1902; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 295.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 493
MICROMERIA.
1. Micromeria chainissoms (Benth.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 289. 1894.
Yerba buena.
Micromeria douglasii Benth. Lab. 372. 1834.
Thymus? douglasii Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Thymus? chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 23; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper; Woodlawn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 349.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MADRONELLA.
Leaves narrowly oblong, green on both sides 3. Jf . odoratissima
Leaves ovate-lanceolate.
Paler beneath ; nerves not prominent 1. M. discolor.
Not paler beneath; nerves prominent 2. M. nervosa.
1. Madronella discolor Greene, Leaflets. 1: 169. 1906.
Monarddla discolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 24. 1889.
Type locality: "Near Clealum, Washington." Collected by Greene.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889; Ellensburg, Elmer 373;
Whited 547; without locality, Vasey, in 1889; Yakima, Brandetjee; "coast prairies,"
Cooper; Mount Rainier, Piper 2078(0-
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Madronella nervosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906.
Monardella nervosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 322. 1901.
Type locality: "The arid region of Eastern Washington." Collected by Sandberg &
Leiberg.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, in 1893; Okanogan County,
Whited 195; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 705; Tampico, Henderson 2527; Cowiche
Creek, Cotton 464; Alkali Lake, Sandberg c& Leiberg 413; Yakima, Howell; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 760.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Madronella odoratissima Greene, Leaflets 1 : 168. 1906.
Monardella odoratissima Benth. Lab. 332. 1832-36.
Type locality: "In petrosis ad flumen Columbia et in rupibus alpestribus in montibus
White Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2078; Meyers Falls, Kreager 499.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MELISSA.
1. Melissa officinalis L. Sp. PI. 2: 592. 1753. Balm.
Type locality: "Habitat in montibus Genevensibus, Allobrogicis, Italicis."
This plant is reported as escaped from gardens in Klickitat County, Suksdorf.
494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family.
Antheriferous stamens 5; leaves alternate Verbasouh (p. 494.)
Antherifcrous stamens 2 or 4; leaves opposite or alternate.
Fifth sterile stamen present.
Corolla spurred at base Linabia (p. 495).
Corolla not spurred.
Sterile stamens represented by a ^land or scale on
the upiK'r side of the corolla tulw.
Peduncles several-flowered Scropiiulabia (p. 495).
Peduncles 1-flowered.
Corolla conspicuously bilabiate Ck)mNSiA (p. 495).
Corolla nearly rotate ToNEliA (p. 496).
Sterile stamen elongated.
Seeds wingless; anthers woolly or glabrous Pentstemon (p. 497).
Seeds winged; ant hers woolly Cuelone (p. 503).
Fifth sterile stamen wanting.
Stamens 4, 2 antheriferous, 2 sterile.
Sterile filaments 2-forked, exserted Ilysantues (p. 503).
Sterile filaments simple, included Gratiola (p. 503).
Stamens all antheriferous.
Stamens 2.
Calyx 5-parted Gratiola (p. 503).
Calyx 4-parted.
Leaves alternati^, mostly basal Synthykis (p. 504).
Loaves opposite, at least the lower Veronica (p. 505).
Stamens 4.
Corolla nearly regular; leaves entire Limoseixa (p. 507).
Corolla 2-Iipped.
Stamens not inclosed in the upper lip.
Leaves opposite; calyx prismatic Mimulcs (p. 507).
Leaves alternate; calyx campanulate. Dioitalis (p. 519).
Stamens included in the upper lip.
Anther cells equal, parallel.
Ovules 2 in each cell MELAMPTRXm (p. 511).
Ovules many.
Calyx inflated in fruit ; leaves
opposite RiiiNANTnus (p. 511).
Cal)rx not inflated; leaves
alternate or verticillate . . . Pediculabis (p. 511).
Anther cells unequal.
Lips of corolla unequal, the upper
larger Ca8Tille.ja (p. 513).
Lips of corolla subequal.
Calyx lips cleft Okthocabpus (p. 516).
Calyx lips entire Adenostegia (p. 518).
VEBBASCUM.
Leaves large, densely woolly ; flowers spicate I. V. ihafms.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly *so; flowers racemose 2.V. hlattaria.
1. Verbascam thapsus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. Mullein.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, trardner 409; North Yakima, Piper; Puyallup,
Piper; Pullman, Piper.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 495
2. Verbascum blattaria L. Sp. PI. 1: 178. 1753. Moiii mullein.
Type locality: Europetui.
Specimens examined: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Conconully, WMied 1311; Waits-
burg, Horner, July 25, 1896; Meyo.s Falls, Kreager 470.
LINARIA.
Flowers yellow, 25 to 30 mm. long 1. L. linaria.
Flowers blue, 6 to 8 mm. long 2. L. canadensis.
1. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 947. 1880-83. Buttek-and-eggs.
Antirrhinum linaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 610. 1753.
Linaria vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Woodlawn, //enderson, June 22, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 383;
Pullman, Piper; Meyers Falls, Beattie c& Chapman 2235.
2. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802.
Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. PI. 2: 618. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Florida.
Specimens examined: AIki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Woodlawn, Hender-
son; without locality, Cooper; La Camas, Henderson.
An infrequent plant in Washington, but according to Douglas "plentiful between Fort
Vancouver and the Grand Rapids."
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
SCBOPHULARIA.
1. Scroptiularia califomica Cham. Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. Fiqwokt.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4003; Hoquiam, Lamh 1224; Olympia, Kin-
caid; Goose Lake, Flett 1155; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Skamania
County, Suksdorf9ff7; Ellensburg, Whited 688; Pullman, Elmer 879; Piper, July 21, 1894;
Granville, Conard 339; Ilwaco Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A variable species as here understood and possibly consisting of several. The specimens
from near the seacoast are quite fleshy.
COLLINSIA.
Calyx lobes obtuse; inflorescence glandular 4. 6'. rattani.
Calyx lobes acute; inflorescence not glandular.
Filaments hairy at base ; calyx lobes much longer than the
tube and much exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly
solitary I .. . 1.6'. sparsijlora.
Filaments glabrous; calyx lobes scarcely longer than the
tube and little exceeding the capsule
;
pedicels mostly in
whorls.
Tube of corolla longer than the limb; corolla 5 to 7
mm. long 2. C. tenella.
Tube of corolla shorter than the limb ; corolla 8 to 16
mm. long.
Corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; pedicels deflexed in
fruit 3. C. grandiflora.
Corolla 8 to 10 mni. long; pedicels erect in fruit. . 3a. C. granSjhra pusilla.
496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Collmsia sparsiflora Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 33. 1835.
Type ix)cality: "Hab. circa coloniam ruthcnorum Ross in Nova California."
Range: California to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, 5«^sdor/^ 298.
2. Collinsonia tenella (Pursh).
Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh, Fl. 1: 421. 1814.
CoUineia parvijfora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1082. 1827.
CoUinsia paueifora Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1838.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri", according to Pursh, but really from
" Rockford Camp " [The Dalles of the Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columl)ia to Ijake Suptirior, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Puget Seund, Cooj)er;
Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; South Prairie, Lizzie Hardy, May 23, 1890; Falcon
Valley, Suhidorf; Tampico, Flett 1183; Pasco, Hindahaw 28; Spokane Valley, LyaU;
Nason Creek, Sandberg cfe Lieberg 621; Hangman Creek, Sandberg dh I^eiberg 31; Pullman,
Hull 574; Pijter 1656 and June 14, 189;i; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 327; Clallam
County, Elmer 2586; Clarks Springs, Kreager 75.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Collinsia gxandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: />Z. ]W7. 1827.
TiPE locality: "Banks of the Columbia River at a distance of one hundred miles or
more from the ocean." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California, and in north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; San Juan Island, LydU in 1858;
Steilacoom, Cooper; Piper in 1888; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf; mountains near Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Vancouver,
Garry, April, 1826; Cape Horn, Piper 5004.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3a. Collinsia grandiJlora pusilla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 256. 1878.
CoUiwiia pusilla Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 506. 1901.
Type ixx;ality: Plumas County, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 227; Tacoma, Flett 44; Olympia, Kin-
caid, July 4, 1896; Goat Mountains, Allen 240; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892.
Zonal DisTKiBirriON: Humid Transition.
4. Collinsia rattani A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 439. 1886.
Type locality: Mendocino County, California.
Range: North California to Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 24, 1886; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 301 ; Simcoe Mountains, HoweU, June, 1879.
Collinsia minima Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834. Type locality, "Flat Head
River." Collected by Wyeth. Range, Washington and Idaho. Specimens examined.
Fort Colville, Lyall, March 30, 1861. This is perhaps not distinct from C. tenella, but the
flowers are decidedly larger. More material is needed.
TONELLA.
Corolla 6 to 10 mm. broad 1 . T. Jloribunda.
Corolla 2 to 3 mm. broad 2. T. coUinsoioides.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 497
1. Tonella floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 92. 1876.
Type locality: " Willow thickets of the valley of the Kooskooskee, in the western part
of Idaho." Collected by Spalding and by Geyer.
Range: Western Idaho and adjacent Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 1003; Almota, Piper 1655; Wawa-
wai. Lake 575; Elmer 103; Asotin Creek, Hunter 92.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Tonella collinsioides Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 378. 1868.
CoUinsia tenella Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 593. 1846, not C. tenella (Pursh) Piper.
Tonella tenella Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 5. 1900.
Type locality: "In sylvis juxta flum. Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: California to Washington, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SvJcsdorf, April 27, 1881, May 12, 1895;
Lyle, Svksdorf, April 14, 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PENTSTEMON. Wild foxglove.
Anthere woolly.
Foliage glaucous.
Branches erect ; leaves oblong to ovate, sessile, gla-
brous ; corolla lilac-purple 1 . P. harrettae.
Branches prostrate ; leaves broadly ovate, petioled,
puberulent; corolla rose-crimson 2. P. rupicola.
Foliage green, not glaucous.
Plants prostrate or decumbent; leaves small, oval to
orbicular; flowering stems 5 to 20 cm. high.
Leaves serrate 3. P. menziesii.
Leaves entire 3a. P. menziesii davidsonii.
Plants usually erect, taller; leaves narrow.
Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, not re-
duced on the flowering stems 4. P. lyallii.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or serrate, much
reduced on the flowering stems.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, 0.5 to 1 cm. long. . . 5. P.fruticosus.
Calyx lobes subulate-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
cm. long 6. P. ncouleii.
Anthers not woolly.
Cells of the anthers splitting their whole length or nearly
the whole.
Plants glabrous, more or less glaucous.
Leaves coriaceous, the upper acuminate ; corolla
1.5 to 2 cm. long 7. P. acuminatus.
Leaves not coriaceous, none acuminate; corolla
2.5 to 4 cm. long 8. P. glaber.
Plants not glaucous, mostly more or less pubescent.
Margins of the leaves dentate.
Leaves narrow, oblong, lanceolate, or o\>-
lanceolate.
Corolla blue-purple, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long. 9. P. erianthera.
Corolla white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Leaves oblong to lanceolate,
coarsely dentate; sterile fila-
ment beardless 10. P. deustus,
29418—06 Ji 32
498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves linear-laneeolate, denticu-
late- sterile filament l>earded. . 11. P. tHiriabilis.
lieaves broad, mostly ovate.
Herbage pruinose-pulK»nilent through-
out 12. P. pruinosus.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so.
Calyx \o\^os glandular 13. P. pinetorum.
Caly.x IoIm's not glandular 14. P. om/««.
Margins of the leaves entire.
Herbage pulx>ruli'nt throughout.
Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate. .. . 15. P. collinus.
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate.
Corolla tubular-funnelform 19. P. gairdneri.
Corolla gaping 19a. P. gairdneri hians.
Herbage glabrous.
Floweis 2 to 2.5 mm. long.
Corolla blue 16. P. procerus.
Corolla pale yellow 17. P. confertus.
Flowers 3 to 3.5 mm. long 18. P. attenualus.
C*lls of the anthers splitting only at apex, the bases
sac-like.
Leaves glandular-pubescent 20. P. glandulosus.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Inflorescence glandular: corolla 3 cm. long 21. P. venuatur,.
Inflorescence not glandular; corolla smaller.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, often in whorls
of 3; corolla purple, 10 to 13 mm. long.. 24. P. triphyllus.
Leaves broader, oblong or ovate; corolla
j
larger.
j
Corolla red, 20 to 25 mm. long; leaves »
coarsely dentate or lobed 22. P. richardnonii. ;
Corolla l)lue, 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves t
finely serrate or dentate 23. P. diffusus.
1. Pentstemon barrettae A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 440. 1886.
Type lck-ai-ity: " Mountains of Hood River, Oregon, near its confluence with the Colum-
bia." Collected by Mrs. Barrett. ^
R.\Nr.E: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon near the Columbia River.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, 5?/Ar.w/or/' 395.
2. Pentstemon rupicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901.
Pentstemon newberryi rupicola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397. 1900.
Type ix)cality: "Dry rocky cliffs, Mt. Rainier," Washington.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2086; Allen 130; without locality, Vasey;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Svk-sdorf 458; Klickitat River, Flett 1164;
Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 667; Lake Chelan, Gorman 587; Cape Horn, Piper 4986.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Pentstemon menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.
Type locality: "Nutka." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2176; Henderson; Mount Rainier,
Piper in 1888; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Benson, Macoun
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 499
736; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1320; Silverton, Bouck, July, 1895 and 126; Yakima Pass, Wat-
son, November 20, 1880; Clallam County, Elmer 2578.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3a. Pentstemon menziesii davidsonii (Greene).
Pentstemon davidsonii Greene, Pittonia 2: 241. 1892.
Type locality: "On Mt. Conness [California], at an altitude of 12,300 feet."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M.Grant; Mount Rainier, JZ/en 279,2087;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Henderson; Flett 1166; Loomis, Elmer 584.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Pentstemon lyallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 440. 1878.
Pentstemon menziesli lyallii, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 76. 1865.
Type locality: "Between Fort Colville and the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 759, according to the label,
but the specimen is almost certainly from Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho. The species will
probably be found in Stevens county.
6. Pentstemo-i fruticosus (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 2: 239. 1892.
Gerardia fruticosa Pursh, Fl. 2: 423. j)l. 18. 1814.
Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24 : /)/. 16. 1838.
Pentstemon douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.
Pentstemon lewisii Bcnth.; DC. Prod. 10: 321. 1846.
Pentstemon adamsianus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 511. 1901.
Type locality: "In great abundance in the pine forests of the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Lewis, probably in Idaho.
Range: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia to Oregon, and eastward to west
Montana.
Specimens examined: Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 715, 1161 ; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1204; Sandberg (& Leiberg 550; Whited 795; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 459 and July 12,
1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1 152; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 459; Twisp River, Whited,
Peshastin, Sandberg d; Leiberg, July, 1893; Kittitas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Paso, Wa!son,
November 25, 1880; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860, Clealum, Henderson
in 1892; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg; Blue Mountains, Lake tfc Hull 686, Pij)er 2422,
2327.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. is founded on a specimen with entire leaves, a valueless
character, as both entire and serrate leaves may be found on the same plant and inter-
grades are very numerous; P. douglasii Hook, is a high altitude lorin with shorter a:;d
broader toothed leaves; P adamsianus Howell from Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens
is a foi m with rather large, thinner leaves.
5a. Pentstemon fruticosus cardwellii (Howell).
Pentstemon cardweUn Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901.
Type locality : Base of Mount Hood, Oregon.
Range
. Cascade mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount St. Helens, Goodwin, July 13, 1903.
This subspecies may be distinguished by its thickish serrulate mostly obtuse leaves.
6. Pentstemon scouleri Lindl. Bot Reg. 15: ft. 1277. 1829.
Type locality "Kettle Falls of the Columbia " Collected by Douglas.
Range: Apparently local in northeastern Washington
Specimens examined. Near Spokane, Miss Kale B. Reed, Mount Carlton, Ereager 274.
500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Pentstemon acuminatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pZ. 1285. 1829.
Ttpe LOCAL1T1-: "Sandy plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas.
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, Cotton 381 ; Egbert Springs, Sandberg tfe Leiberg, July,
1893; Pasco, Piper 2985; Hindshaw 25: Henderson in 1892; Columbus, SuJcsdorf, June 10,
1886; Moses Lake, Sandberg d' Leiberg 376; Horse Heaven, Leckenby, May, 1898; Eltopia,
Cotton 1023; Wallula, Cotton 1039.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Pentstemon glaber Pursh, Fl. 738. 1814.
Pentstemon speciosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16 : pi. 1270. 1829.
Type ix>cauty: "Upper Louisiana." Collected by Bradburj'.
Range: Washington to California, Arizona, and the Dakotas.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited29, 1111; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898;
Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2672; WUted 429; Simcoe Valley, LyaU in 1860; Naches
Valley, Lyall in 1860; near Bickleton, Suksdorf 414; Wilson Creek, Sandberg <fe Leiberg,
June, 1893; Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 185; Fresh Lake, McKay 27; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July 15, 1896; Homer 385.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
9. Pentstemon erianthera Pursh, Fl. 737. 1814.
Pentstemon cristaitis Nutt. Gen. 2: 52. 1818.
Pentstemon whiUdii Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 490. 1901.
Type locality: "Upper Louisiana." Collected by Bradbury.
Range: Washington to Nevada and the Dakotas.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 131, 1112, 10()8, 1257, 1166; Spokane, Leiberg
28; Dewart, May 20, 1901.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Pentstemon denstus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1S18. 1830.
TiPE ixx^ality: "Northwest America on scorched rocky plains in the interior." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to eastern California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 95, 1083; Douglas County, SpiUman, May 27,
1896; Sprague, Sandberg <Sc Leiberg 170; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; along Tukanon
River, Lake cfe HvU, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake cfe Hull 111; Piper 1891; Elmer 751.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
11. Pentstemon variabilis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 153. 1900.
PenMemon paniculatus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 513. 1901.
Type locality-: "In Schluchten ostlich vom Klickitat-flusse," Klickitat County,
Washington.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Svksdorf ^YJ, 999; HoweU in 1879; opposite
The Dalles, HoweU 162.
12. Pentstemon pruinosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1280. 1829.
Type ix)Cality: "Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia," Collected by Douglas.
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Wenache, Whited 1; Wenache region, Brandegee 1005;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1256, 1255; Ellensburg, Piper 2670; Douglas County, Sjrill-
man, May 27, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3859; Lakeside, Griffiths cfe Cotton, June 17, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13. Pentstemon pinetorum Piper.
Pentstemon ovalus pinetorum Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 158. 1901.
Pentstemon veronicaefolius Greene, Leaflets 1 : 167, 1906.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 501
Ttpe locality: Cedar Mountains, Latah County, Idaho.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimkns examined: Simcoe Hills, Howell 345; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32;
Atanum River, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 400; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1860; Kellogg <& Harford 669; Leavenworth, Savage 48; mountains near
Yakima, Henderson; mountains near Lower Cascades, SuJcsdorf, M&y 30, 1886 ; Kamiak
Butte, Elmer in 1897; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan
Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 166.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
14. Pentstemon ovatus Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pZ. 2903. 1829.
Type locality: "High mountains about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and westward.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 16; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068;
Clallam County, Elmer 2576; Cape Horn, Piper 5033.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
16. Pentstemon collinus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 279. 1898.
Type locality: Evanston, Wyoming.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 430; Piper, May 20, 1897; Tampico, Flett
1181; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Ritzville, Sandberg <& Leiherg 187.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
16. Pentstemon procerus Dougl.; Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 348. 1829, also
Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 295J^. 1829.
Pentstemon confertus coeruleo-purpureus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 72. 1866.
Pentstemon tolmiei Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.
Pentstemon pulchellus Greene, Pittonia 3: 310. 1898.
Type locality: "In swampy and overflowed lands between Fort Vancouver and the
Grand Rapids of the Columbia on the north side."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant; Mount Rainier, Piper 2088
Smith 751; Allen 298; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Suksdorf in 1886; Flett 1165
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1170; Sandberg cfe Leiberg 549; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
Ellensburg, Whited 436; Yakima, Leckenby, May 10, 1898; Thorp, Whited 401; Klickitat
River, Flett 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Spokane, Piper 2636; Palouse,
Cloud in 1894; without locality, Tolmie.
Zonal distribution. Transition to Arctic.
17. Pentstemon confertus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1260. 1829.
Type locality: "In mountainous pine woods in dry sandy soils between Salmon River
and the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, in 48° N. latitude." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 39; Piper 2079; Goat Mountains, Allen 244;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 716; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc Leiberg, July, 1893; Ritzville,
Sandberg <& Leiberg 189; Leavenworth, IfAtte^Z 249; Spokane, C. ^. i?amm; Pullman, Piper;
Hull; Elmer; Mount Carlton, Kreager 234; Clarks Springs, Kreager 67, 29.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Arctic.
18. Pentstemon attenuatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1295. 1829.
Pentstemon ellipticus Greene, Leaflets 1: 167. 1906, not Coult. & Fisher, 1893.
Pentstemon confertus globosus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397, 1900.
Type locality : " Mountains of Lewis and Clark's River," that is, Craig Mountains, Idaho.
Collected by Douglas.
502 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenacho Mountains, Whited 1162, 1254; Mount Stuart, Sandberg
<& Leiberg 549: Kaniiak Butte, Pi/xr .'?093 ; Elnier^7: Blue Mountains, //orner 384; Pi/wr
in 1896; Douglas: Yakima County, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Mount Ad&ma, Henderson
August 9, 1892; Wenarhe Mountains, CoUon 129.5.
Zonal distribi'tios: Arid Transition.
This species is exceedingly varial>]e as to color of the flower. While pale j-eliow is pt>rhaps
the commonest tint, it varies from pink to dull red, lavender to violet, pale blue to dark blue
and to white. Occasionally ail flies*' color forms occur in <-lose proximity.
19. Pentstemon gairdneri Ibx)k. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 1838.
Type mx-ality: "Blue Mountains of N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washingtt)n and ea.stern Oregon and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache Rvgion, Brandegee 1()07; Wenache, Whited \0S4; Egbert
Springs, iSaTM/im/tfe f^iberg'i.Vi: Columbia River, latitude 4(i° to 49°, Lyall: Simcoo Moun-
tains, Howell 344 and .luly, 188(); Cleveland, Suk-s<lorf 413; upper Naches River, Hender-
son, June 15, 1892; Casc*ade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Howell
May, 1891.
Zonal distribution: Upper S<inoran.
19a. Pentstemon gairdneri hians I'iper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900.
Type ux;ai-ITy: Easlern Washington. Collected by Ci. R. Va.sey.
Range: Eastern Wa.shington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 36; Ellensburg, Pif)er 2702; without kx^ality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenacho Mountains, CoUon 1294.
Zonal distuibittion: ITpper Sonoran.
20. Pentstemon glandxilosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1202. 1829.
Type locality: " In the RcK-ky Mts., Lat. 47° N. and at the base of the Blue Mts., on the
banks of the K(Hiskoaskee River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Interior of Washington and Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
SPECtMENs examined: Near Wenache, IFAi'W 30, 10S2; Klickitat County, Howell, June,
1879; Yakima Valley, Brandegee 1008; Whitman County opposite Clark.ston, Hunter; with-
out kxality, Va.tey in 1889; Simcoe Mountains, Hovrll, July, 1881.
2^NAL distribution: Upp<'r Sonoran and Arid Transition.
21. Pentstemon venustus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. ISOO. 1&30.
Type locality: "Gravelly channels of rivulets of the Blue Mountains and near the
source of the Walla Walla River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue Mountains and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 712; Piper, July, 1896; Asotin
Creek, //un/«r 97; Waitsburg, //or/Ifr. *
Zonal distribution: Arid Tran.sition.
22. Pentstemon richardsonii Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1121. 1827.
Type localiti-: "On bare dry ro<'ks in the vicinity of the Columbia and its branches."
Collected by Lewis.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 405; Whited 572; Wenache, Whited in 1896,
1306; North Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 345; Ata-
num Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Cape
Horn, Swt.«ior/"2319; Parker, Z)!/nn, August 10,1901; Kettle Falls, Watson 300; Columbia
River above the Chelan River, Watson; Fresh Lake, McKay 12; Spokane County, Mrs.
Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; with-
without locality, Cooper; Marcus, Kreager 464.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.. 503
23. Pentstemon dififusus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pZ. 1132. 1828.
Type locality: "In the districts around the mouth of the Columbia River." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2178; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty,
August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068; Goat Mountains, Allen 129; Mount Adams,
Sulcsdorf 48; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; Baldy Peak,
Lamb 1369; Silverton, BoucJc 143; Skokomish Wivev, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 787; Stehekin, Whited
1386; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 12, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 218; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 638; Clallam County, Elmer 2585; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 609, 610; Cape
Horn, Piper 5032.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
24. Pentstemon triphyllus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pZ 12i^5. 1829.
Type locality: "On decomposed dry granite, or schist rocks, on the Blue Mountains of
North-west America."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: "Boundary N. W. Coast," Cooper; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Rockland, jSw^sdor/" 998 ; Palouse River, Lyall, iu\y, 1860; Snake River, Brandegee
1010; Almota, Piper 1865; Wawawai, Lake cfe Hull 710.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
CHELONE.
1. Chelone nemorosa Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1211. 1829. Turtlehead.
Chelone ramosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 95. 1838.
Pentstemon nemorosus Trautv. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 345. 1839.
Type locality: "A native of mountain woods, near springs and rivulets, in the north-
west of North America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to north California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Snoqualmie, Parker; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2080; Allen 275; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1153;
Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer 2575; SkokomishRiver, X^incaid, June, 1892; StampedeTunnel, //enrferson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
ILYSANTHES.
1. Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club. 26: 376. 1899.
Gratiola dubia L. Sp. Pi. 17. 1753.
Ilysanthes gratioloides Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 419. 1846.
Capraria gratioloides L. Sp. Pi. ed. 2. 2: 876. 1763.
Type locality: Virginia.
Range: Washington to California and Canada to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper 2864; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 219Q,
1473; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Lake dc Hull, August 12, 1892, Waits-
burg, Horner 593; Almota, Piper 26.58; Toppenish, Griffiths cfe Cotton 797.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
GRATIOLA.
Calyx with a pair of bracts equaling the calyx lobes 1.6'. virginiana.
Calyx bractless 2. G. ebracieata.
1. Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. PI. 1: 17. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Virginia."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Florida.
504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Whited 691; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892;
Lindleys, Henderson, June 9, 1892; Kalama, Piper, Octolyer 31,1901; Sunias, LyaU in
1858-59; CoH-ille, LyaU in I860; Lake Chelan, lAjke ct Hull, August 12, 1892; Manor, Piper,
July 14, 1899; Spokane, Piper 2641; Pullman, Piper 1664; Hull 708; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 318; Vancouver, Piper 5025.
Zonal DisTRiBmoN: Transition.
2. Gratiola ebracteata Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 595. 1846.
Type i.<k'ality: " In planitiehus terrae Oivgon." Collected by Nuttall.
Ranoe: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, /^/<'// 472; Ilaslyn, Whiiexl ^12.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SYNTHYRIS.
Flowers in spikes; leaves not reniform-orbicular.
Petals wanting; leaves ovate, crenale \. S. rubra.
Petals present ; leaves cleft into narrow segments 2. S. pinnatifida.
Flowers in racemes; leaves reniform-orbicular.
Petals laciniately incised 3. 5. schizantha.
Petals entire.
Scapes weak, usually shorter than the thin leaves 4.5. rotundifdia.
Scapes .stout, exceeding the thick leaves 5. 5. reniformis.
1. Synthyris rubra (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.
Gymnandra rubra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 103. 1838.
Besseya rubra RydlxM-g, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 280. 1903.
Type ix)cality: "Banks of M'Gillivray's and Flathead Rivers, near the Kettle Falls of
the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Ran(!e: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; near Rockford, Watson; Rock Lake,
Sandberg cfe Leiberg, May, 1893; Waterville, Whited 1221 ; Spokane County, Suksdorf 422;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 58; Pullman, Piper 1658; Elmer 166; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 24. ^ ,
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
2. Synthyris pinnatifida lanuginosa siibsp. nov.
Densely appressed white-woolly. Otherwise as in the species.
Collected in gravelly soil in the Olympic Mountains at 1,650 meters altitude, August 30,
1898, by J. B. Flett (no. 815). The occurence ol the subspecies so far detached Imm its
related spyecies of the Rocky Mountains seems remarkable. It may be expected to turn up
in the Cascade Mountains, possibly with intermediate character of pubescence. The type is
deposited in the National Herbarium.
3. Synthyris schizantha Piper, Bull. Totr. Club 29: 223. 1902.
Type locality: Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range; Washington.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1343; Conard 301, mountains of Lewis
County near Elbe, Flett 2744.
4. Synthyris rotundifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 285. 1878.
T^PE locality. "Oiegon, in shady woods of the Columbia and Willamette."
Range. Washington and Oiegon in the coast legion.
Specimens exa.mined Chehalis, Gardner 240, Skamania County, Suksdorf 1474; we.st
Klickitat County, SuksdorJ , Fort Vancouver, WUcox; Piper 4922.
Zonal distribution. Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 505
6. Synthyris reniformis (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.
Widfenia reniformis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 102. pi. 71. 1838.
Type locality: "Common about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia and in the vallies
of the Blue Mountains."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 320.
Zonal distribution: Cana'dian and Hudsonian.
VERONICA. Speedwell.
Annuals; flowers solitary in the axils.
Pubescent; petals blue; leaves crenate.
Pedicels short; upper leaves reduced 1. V. arvensis.
Pedicels long; upper leaves not reduced 10. V. tournefortii.
Glabrous or nearly so; petals white; leaves mostly entire 2. V. peregrine.
Perennials; flowers in racemes.
Peduncles terminal.
Capsules elliptic, emarginate; leaves all sessile.
Leaves shorter than the internodes; corolla 5 to 6 mm.
broad 3. V. alpina.
Leaves longer than the internodes; corolla 6 to 10 mm.
broad.
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad, blue 4. V. cusickii.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. broad, white 5. V. allenii.
Capsules orbicular, obcordate; lower leaves petioled 6. V. serpyllifolia.
Peduncles axillary.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule deeply notched. . . 9. V . scutellata.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate; capsule with a shallow
notch.
Cauline leaves sessile or somewhat clasping 7. V. anagallis-
aquaiica.
Cauline leaves short-petioled 8. V. americana.
1. Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 13. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf; Waits-
burg, Horner 601 ; Wawawai, Piper 3825.
2. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PI. 1 : 14. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £'imer 2591; west Klickitat Conniy, SulcsdorJ
1478; Ellensburg, Whited.Q,^; Tampico, Flett 1185; Columbia River, LyaZ/; Hangman
Creek, Sandherg <fc Leiherg 67; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Hull 578; without locality
Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 154; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 334.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Veronica alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 11. 1753.
Veronica wormskioldii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 1: 101. 1817.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Europae."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New England.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountams,
latitude 49°, Zj/aZZ in 1859; Silverton, ^owct 143a; Mount Rainier, FZe« 243; Piper 2083;
Allen 277; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1121; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892;
Klickitat River, Flett 1154; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiherg 710.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. VeroEica cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 288. 1878. r- ,•
Type locality: "Alpine region of the Blue Mountains," Oregon. Collected by Cusick,
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2587; Mount Rainier, Allen 95; Piper
2084; Paradise \aliey, Fhti 269; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 1019; Hors<»shoe Basin, Lake cfe Hull 580; Bridge Creek, Elmer 661.
Zonal uistribition: Arctic.
6. Veronica alleniiGreenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 26.3. 1898.
Type ixx^ality: "Along Paradis<> River on Mt. Rainier,. altitude 1,700m." Collected
by O. D. Allen.
Range: Known only from tiie typo locality.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 95a.
6. Veronica serpyllifolia humifusa (Dickson) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 101. 1838.
Veronica huinifusn Dickson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 288. 1794.
Type ixx-ality: Scotland.
Range: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New Kngland.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall 1858; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Silverton, Bouck 138; Mount Adams, Sukmiorf 598; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1477;
mountains .south of Ellensburg. Whited 729; without locality, Ilendermn, May 24, 1892;
Spokane Valley, Lyall; without liK-ality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 249.
Zonal dlstkibution: Transition.
7. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. IM. 1: 12. 1753.
Type ixx'ality: Euro|)«'an.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860.
8. Veronica americana Schwcin.; DC. Prod. 10: 468. 1846.
Type lckality: "In America boreali a Canada et Carolina usque ad flum. Oregon et in
ins. Sitcha."
Range: Alaska to California and the Atlantic States.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bovck
138a, 138b; Tacoma, Flelt 163; Skamania County, Svksdorf 1460; Columbus, Suksdorf;
Klickitat River, Fleft 1160; Eglx>rt Springs, Sandherg & Leiberg 368; Wenache, Whited;
Ellensburg, Whited 492; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Cold Creek, Cotton 316;
Tieton River, Cotton 446; Grand Coulee, McKay 15; Coulee City, Lake <& Hull .581 ; Tuka-
non River, Ixike c(- Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake cfe Hull, June 4, 1892; Pullman,
Piper, July, 1901 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager .53.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
9. Veronica scutellata L. Sp. PI. 1: 12. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California, Minnesota, and New York.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mucklcshoot Prairie, Z>r. /?wAn; Nisqually Valley, ylZZen 228; west
Klickitat County, SwArsc/or/' 1476; Ellensburg, Whited 562,849; Toppenish, Henderson, May
28, 1892; Pullman, Piper, July 3, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 3.57;
Satus, Cotton 1135.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
10. Veronica tournefortii Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 39. 1805.
Veronica buxbaumii Tenorc, Fl. Nap. 1: 7. pi. 1. 1811.
Type locality: "Prope Carlsruhe," Germany.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTOK. 507
LIMOSELLA.
Leaves filiform-linear 1. L. tenuifolia.
Leaves spatulate or oblong 2. L. aquatica.
1. Limosella tenuifolia Hon'ni. Deutsch. Fl. 1^: 29. 1804.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Washington; Labrador to New Jersey. Europe.
Specimens examined: Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901 ; Lake Chelan, Elimr 491.
Perhaps only a subspecies of L. aqiCatica.
2. Limosella aquatica L. Sp. PI. 2: 631. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europac septentrionalis inundatis "
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia. South
America.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Ritzviile, Sandherg <& Leiberg 193.
MIMULUS.
Flowers reddish or purple.
Corolla with a verj- long slender tube 1 . M. suhunifiorus.
Corolla with a moderate tube.
Stigmas funnelform.
Leaves elliptic, acute; corolla 1.5 to 2 cm. long 2. M . nanus.
Leaves ovate, acuminate; corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long. ... 3. M. cusickii.
Stigmas 2-lipped.
Flowers very small, about .5 mm. long, pale purple. ... 4. AI. hreweri.
Flowers large, over 2 cm. long.
Corolla scarlet; stamens exserted b. M. cardinalis.
Corolla rose-purple; stamens included 6. i/. levnsii.
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lipped.
Calyx not angled, deeply 5-cleft 7. M . pilosus.
Calyx 5-angled, 5 toothed.
Perennials.
Flowers solitary on scapes 8. M. primuloides.
- Flowering stems leafy.
Leaves pinnately veined.
Herbage glabrous 9. M. dentatus.
Herbage slimy-viscid, musk-scented \0. M. moschatus.
Leaves palmately veined.
Rootstocks wanting.
Stems stout or stoutish, 10 to 60 cm. high;
leaves not viscid; corolla 2 to 5 cm.
long \\. M. langsdorfii.
Stems very slender 5 to 20 cm. high, few-
flowered; corolla 12 to 15 mm. long;
leaves small 13. i/. microphyllvs.
Rootstocks present.
Stems 2 to 4 cm. high, mostly 1-flowered;
plants stoloniferous, densely matted,
alpine 12. J/, aljnnvs.
Stems 10 to 20 cm. high, mostly several-
flowered, arising from slender matted
rootstocks; herbage slimy-viscid 14. M . implexus.
Annuals.
Corolla rather large; leaves palmately veined IF). M. nasutus.
508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla small; leaves pinnately veined.
Calyx teeth unequal, the lower two larger 16. 3f. cdsinmdes.
Calyx teeth subequal.
Fniiting calyx distended.
Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long 17. If . putsiferae.
Corolla 4 to 5 mm. long 18. If . hrevijlorus.
Fruiting oalyx cylindrical.
Ij<>nves se.s.sile; corolla scarcely exceed-
ing calyx 19. 3/. auksdorfii.
Leaves petioled; corolla larger.
Plant erect, not villoas 20. M. peduncularis.
Plant .spreading or prostrate, villous
and slimy-viscid 21. M.Jloriimndus.
1. Mizaiilus subuniflorus (Hmtk. & Am.)
Mimulns doxujlasii A. Gray, liot. Cal. 1: .563. 1876.
Himvlus nanug subuniflonis Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840
Eunanus douglasii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846.
Type ux:ai.ity: California.
Range: Klickitat County, Wa.shington, to California.
Si'EC'iMEN.s examined: Klickitat Hills, Gorman, May 16, 1901.
2. Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840.
Eunanus tolmiei Benth. in DC. PhkI. 10: 374. 1846.
Type ix)cauty: California.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell, Juoe, 1879; Klickitat UiWa, Gorman,
May 16, 1901.
3. Mimulus cusickii (Greene).
C'u/uinus ru«jfJt-ii Greene, Pittonia 1: 36. 1887.
Type loc^ality: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Alkaline soil near Columbia River, Brandegee 1011.
This species was included by Dr. Gray in M. bigelovii A. Gray, but it seems sufficiently
distinct.
4. Mimulus breweri (Greene) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 351. 1901.
Eunanus breweri Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1: 101. 1885. •
Type locality: "About Donner Lake," California.
Range: Washingtbn to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, fi/>er 2074; SimcoeHWh, Howell 297; Klickitat
Meadows, Fletl 1355; Mount Adams, Suksdotf .50, 488; upper Atanum, Henderson, August
3, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2264; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2441.
6. Mimulus cardinalis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835.
Type locality: Cahfornia. Collected by Douglas.
Range: California, Oregon, and '( Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, R^a«, August, 1895.
It is possible that there has been .some confusion of labels with respect to the above
specimen, as we have no further evidence of its occurrence in Washington.
6. Mimulus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 2: 427. pi. 20. 1814.
Mimulus roseus Dougl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1591. 1833.
Type locality: "On the head springs of the Missouri, at the foot of Portage Hill."
Collected by Lewis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON". 509
Range: British Columbia to California, Utah, and Montana.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg <&
Leiberg 557; Tieton River, Cotton 436; Mount Rainier, Piper 2076; Allen 276; Skokomish
River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1432; near Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull 571; Bridge Creek, Elmer 646; along
Salmon River, Horner 386; near Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Entiat Creek; Mrs. Howe.
7. Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 225. 1871.
Herpestis pilosa Benth.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836.
Mimulus exilis Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 6: 12. 1855.
Type locality: " North Cahfornia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Piper 1800; Watt, August, 1895; Henderson,
October 5, 1892; Walla Walla, Savage 24; Waitsburg, Horner 591 ; Almota, Piper, July 30,
1897; near Bingen, SuArscZor/" 2322; Rattlesnake Mountains, Swtsdor/" 421; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 357; without locality, Brandegee 1018.
8. Mimulus primuloides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.
Mimulus pUosellus Greene, Erythea 4: 22. 1896.
Type locality: "Amer. boreali-occid." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1017; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
298; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 717; Cascade Mountains,
Henderson, August 4, 1892; east side Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; without locality,
Su]csdorf4S9; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1474, 1498.
9. Mimulus dentatus Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 372. 1846.
Type locality: "Ad Oregon flum." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Piper 4917.
10. Mimulus moschatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1118. 1827.
Mimulus moschatus longiflorus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 447 1886.
Mimulus moschatus pallidijlorus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900.
Type locality: "Margins of springs in the country about the river Columbia." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 160; Skokomish
River, Henderson, June 17, 1892; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 490; Klickitat River,
Flett 1159, 1179; Fort Vancouver, Douglas in 1825; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2320; without locality, Cooper; Tieton River. Cotton
483; Stevens Pass, Whited 1431; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 762; Skagit Pass, Lake tfe Hull,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 745;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2411; Lake cfe Hull 689; without locality, Brandegee 1016.
11. Mimulus langsdorfii Donn; Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1501. 1812.
Mimulus guttatus DC. Cat. Monsp. 127. 1813.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3986, 4006; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1065;
Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 221 ; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1859; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid; Tacoma, Flett; Silverton, Bouck 140; Klickitat
River, Flett 1145,1149; Tieton River, CoMon 459; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 417;
Cold Creek, Cotton 394; Ellensburg, Whited 476; Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 2136, 202, 475, 473; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Spanaway Lake, Piper 2085;
510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Manor, Piper; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull: Njison City, Sandberg tfe Leiberg 618; Coulee
City, Lake it Hull 570; Fresh Lake, McKay 1 1 ; Union Flat, Piper, July 9, 1901 ; Wawawai,
Hull: Elmer 777.
12. Mimulus alpinus (A. Gray).
Mimulus hiteus alpinus A. Gray, Pixx-. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 71. 1863.
Mimulus scouleri caespilosus Greene, Pittoiiia 2: 22. 1889.
Mimulus caespilosus Greene, Journ. Bot. 24: 8. 189.').
Type u)cality: "Alpine region of the Kooky Mts." Ctillected hy Parry.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 288: Pijxr 2070; Allen: Greene in 1889;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 479, 418: Bridge Creek, Elmer 642; Horseshoe Basin, Lake tfc
Hull in 1892.
13. Mimulus microphyllus B«Mitl). in DC. Prod. 10: 371. 1846.
Mimulus- luteus defxviperatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: .5(57. 1880.
Type i^kality: "In rupibus ad flumen Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Ranoe: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, 5«it«for/'478; Flett \l^; west Klickitat County,
Svkmlorf 477, 2321.
14. Mimulus implexus Greene, Journ. Bot. 33: 8. 1895.
Mimulus tilingii Regel, err. det. Greene, Bull. Cal. Aciid. 1: 110. 1885.
Type i>ocauty: "Higher Sierra Nevada of California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2177; Elmer 2583; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 471, 472.
15. Mimiilus nasutus Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 112. 18^5.
Type ixk-ality: "In Sonoma County, Cal. at Knight's Valley and Skagg's Springs."
Range: Washington and Idulio to California.
Specimens examined: On-iis Island, Lijall in 18.')8; upper Naches River, Henderson
in 1892; west Klickitat County, SuksdorfOHYZ, 419, 480, 476, 481 ; Rock lake, Sandberg <&
Leiberg 110a; Almota, Piper 2783; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1363.
16. Mimiilus alsinoides Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.
Mimulus alsinoides minimus Benth. loc. cit.
Type lcxjality: "America boreal i-occid." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 223; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf4^; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf420, 484; Cascade Mountains
to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of the Columbia, Scolder.
17. Mimulus pulsiferae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876.
Type locality: "California in the Sierra and Indian Valleys of the Sierra Nevada."
Range: Middle Califoniia to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Glenwood, Flett 1163; Klickitat River, Flett 1148; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf, 486 and June 10, July 30, 1885.
18. Mimulus breviflorus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 45. 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 793, 485; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 203; Ellensburg, Whited 652; Spokane, Piper 2764, 2640; Waitslnirg, Horner 592;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2440; Pullman, Piper 18.58; Wawawai, Elmer 774.
19. Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed ?. 2^: 450. 1886.
Type locality: Mt. Paddo (Adams). Collected by Suksdorf.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 511
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 487.
20. Mimvilus peduncularis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.
Type locality: "America boreali-occidentalis." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West K\\ck[ta,t County , SuJcsdorf; Trout hake, Sulcsdorf; Falcon
Y&\\ey,Su1csdorf; Wensiche, Whited; Jiock hake, Sandberg c& Leiberg 114; W&w&w&i, Elmer
752; Almota, Piper; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 796; Prosser, Griffiths <& Cotton ddh
21. Mimulus floribundus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: jd. 1125. 1827.
Mimulus serotinus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900.
Type locality: "On moist rocks in the interior of the districts of the Columbia River."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado."
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 847; North Yakima, Henderson in 1892;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 205, 2185; Wilson Creek, Lake <& Hull 709; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; bars Touchet River, Homer 266; Spokane, Watson 309; Piper;
Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 926; without locality. Dr. Cooper; Wawawai, Elmer 754;
Almota, Piper, June 28, 1894.
Mimulus jungermannioides Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900. Type
locality, near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington. Specimens examined, near Bingen,
Suksdorf 1470. This species is very close to the preceding, but it is perhaps distin-
guishable by its broader and shorter, more deeply cordate leaves. According to Suksdorf
it perennates by means of bud-like tubers formed on the tips of stolon-like branches.
MELAMPYRUM.
1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Encyc. 4: 22. 1797.
Melampyrum americanum Michx. Fl. 2: 16. 1803.
Type locality: "Amerique septentrionale."
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 409.
RHINANTHUS.
1. Rhinanthus crista-galli L. Sp. PI. 2: 603. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to New England, north to Alaska and Labrador. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby island, Gardner 224; Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Loomis, Elmer 596; Spokane County, Suksdorf;
Palouse City, Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Scouler, according to Hooker.
Zonal distribution. Transition.
PEDICULARIS.
Leaves lanceolate, doubly-crenulate 6. P. racemosa.
Leaves pinnately parted.
Flowers purple.
Corolla beakless; seashore plant 3. P. parvvflora.
Corolla beaked; alpine plants.
Beak long and filiform, curved \. P. groenlandica
Beak short and conical 2. P. ornithorhyncha.
Flowers yellowish or whitish.
Corolla yellow, with a slender inrolled beak 4. P. contorta.
Corolla whitish, with a bioad hood-like b^^k, , , , 5. P. bracleosa.
512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM.
1. Pedicularis groenlandica surrecta (Benth.) Piper, Mazama 2: 100. 1901.
Pedicularis surrecta Bcnth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 107. 1858.
Type locality: "N. West Interior." Collected hv lX)ugIas.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1398; Mount Rainier, Piper 2072;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 89; Clallam County, Elmer 2.580; Cascade Mountains latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg August, 1893, 709; Bridge Creek, Elmer 668.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Pedicularis onuthorhyncha Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838.
Type locality: "Mt. Rainier." Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens e.xamined: Mount Rainier, .>1//«h 92; Piper 2069, 397 ; Smt<A in 1889; Mount
Stuart, lirandegee 1027; Bridge Creek, Elmer, SeptemlxT, 1897; Iloi-seshoe Basin, Lake db
HvU 577; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Ilout; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin cfc Goodspeed.
Zonal distributiom: Arctic.
3. Pedicularis parviflora Smith, Rees' Cycl. 26: no. 4. 1813.
Pedicularis palustris uiassoinana Bunge; Ledob. Fl. Rows. 3: 283. 1849.
Pedicxdaris u-iassox'iana Stev. Monogr. 27. p/. 9. jig. 1 . 1823.
Type locality: "On the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Labrador and Oregon. Siberia.
Specimens e.xaminbd: Point Orchard, Parker in 1888.
4. Pedicularis contorta Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: laS. 1838.
Type ix)cality: "Mt. Rainier." Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2071; Allen 91 ; Smith in 1889; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1173; Stevens Pass, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 738; Blue Mountains, Homer 387;
W^enache Mountains, Cotton 1704.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 110. 1838.
Type locality: " Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Drum-
mond. "N.W.Am." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2577; Mount Rainier, Pi'per 2077;
Allen 90; Mount Stuart, Sandberg dk Leiberg 556; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Skagit
Pass, Lake dk Hull 576; Wenache Mountains, Elmsr 443; along Twisp River, Whited 194;
Nason City, Sandberg dk Leiberg, July, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner
134; without locality, Brandegee; Mount Carlton, Kreager 270.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
6. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838.
Type locality. "Abundant on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids
of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas. "Mt. Rainier." Collected by Tolmie.
Range. British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck 14; Clallam County, Elmer 2579; Goat Moun-
tains, Alien 88, Mount Rainier, Piper 2073, along Twisp River, Whited 193; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg dc Leiberg 7^Z; Martin,^en(/erson, July 20, 1892; Fish Lake, Z>«7i;i, August 8, 1900,
east side Cascades, Lyaii, without locality, Vasey in 1889, Lake Kalispel, Kreager 350.
Zonal distribution; Canadian and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 513
CASTILLEJA.
Annual ; stems slender, erect ; leaves entire, narrow 1 . C. exilis.
Perennials.
Bracts whitish or yellowish
;
galea shorter than the tube of the
corolla.
Galea short and broad 2. C. pallescens.
Galea slender.
Pubescence harsh 3. C lutescens.
Pubescence soft, pilose.
Lip one-third as long as the galea 4. C. camporum.
Lip over one-half as long as the galea 5. C. levisecla.
Bracts scarlet or crimson (occasionally yellow)
;
galea as long or
longer than the corolla tube.
Leaves and bracts cleft into linear lobes.
Stems glabrous below ; bracts crimson or white 6. C. oreopola.
Stems pilose to the base; bracts scarlet.
Galea much longer than the corolla tube 7. C. rupicola.
Galea about equaling the corolla tube 8. C. angustifolia.
Leaves and bracts entire, very rarely cleft.
Stems from slender rootstocks; bracts green, with scarlet
tips 12. C. Kuksdorfiii.
Stems from a stout caudex.
Bracts rose-purple; leaves viscid-puberulent 9. C. elmeri.
Bracts scarlet; spikes very dense.
Leaves glabrous ; bracts entire.
Plants erect; leaves rather thin 10. C miniata.
Plant decumbent ; leaves thick 1 1. C. dixonii.
Leaves puberulent, not viscid; bracts, or some
of them, lobed or toothed 13. C. crispula.
1. Castilleja exilis A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 100. 1904.
Castilleja strida Rydlterg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 354. 1900, not DC. 1846.
Type locality: Ruby Valley, Nevada.
Range: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Yakima City, Piper 2845; Satus, Elmer 1066; Toppenish, Grif-
fiihs & Cotton 111; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1395.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Castilleja pallescens (A. Gray) Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 26: 266. 1898.
Orthocarpus jxdlesceTis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 384. 1868.
Euchroma pallescens Nutt.; A. Gray, loc. cit. as synonym.
Orthocarpus parryi A. Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wenache,
Whited 1079; Ellensburg, Piper 2703; Klickitat River, Flett 1144; Mount Adams, Flett
1177; //endf^rson, 2269, August 9, 1892; Pasco, //trnMaw 29; Ptper, May 26, 1899; Kittitas
Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Loomis, Elmer 569, 593; Sprague, Sandberg <& Leiherg
,
June, 1893; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Douglas
County, Henderson 2267; Spokane County, Henderson 2268; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Coulee City, Piper 3852.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
Geyer's 291 referred by Hooker to C. septentrionalis Lindl. is C. pallescens. The "C.
pallida Kunth" of Cooper's Report, page 67, is probably this species.
29418—00 M 33
514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Castilleja lutescens (Greenman) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. G&rd. 1 : 359. 1900.
Castilleja pallida lutescens Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 26: 265. 1898.
Type localitt: "Prairies, Spokane Co., Washington." Collected by Suksdorf. The
above is the first cited specimen.
Range: Idaho. British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Sandberg d; Leiberg 141; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3086;
Pullman, Elmer 816; LaJce, June, 1892; Mount Cariton, Kreager 149.
7a)sal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Castilleja camporvun (Greenman) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 532. 1901.
Castilleja pallida caiupornm Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 26: 266. 1898.
Castilleja lutea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 268. 1898.
Type i-ocality: "Low prairies, Spokane Co., Washington." Collected by Suksdorf.
(The first cited specimen.)
Range: Washiiigton, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Rock Cn»ek, Sandberg cfc Ijeiberg 80; Silver Lake, flenderson',
Spokane, Henderson 22m: Spangle, Pi>r 2833, 3540; Pullman, Pi>r 2826: iMke <& Hyll.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Castilleja levisecta Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 26: 268. 1898.
Type ux'auty: "Mill plain, Washington," in Clarke County. Collected by Howel!;
the first specimen cited.
Range: Western Washington and Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 2^; Port. Ludlow, Binns, June 15, 1890;
Roy, ^««n83; Mill Plain, //oi/'e// 279; Admiralty Head, Pt>/-, April, May, 1898; Seattle,
Ilindshaw, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Castilleja oreopola Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 26: 264. 1898.
Castilleja miniata alpina Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat!«. 18: 1.55. 1900.
Type locality: "In damp ground, on Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Washington, altitude
1840 to 2150 m." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Mountains of western Wa-shington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, September, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Fhtf 2197, 294: Piper 2081 ; Allen 95a; Goat Mountains, Allen 134; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
2046; iloar Skagit Pass, Lake <i- Hull, August 24, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 696; Bridge
Crock, Elmer 696 ; Clallam County, Elmer 2590.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Castilleja rupicola Piper, Erythe^ 6: 45. 1898.
Type locality: "On perpendicular cliffs. Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington."
Range: Known only from Mount Rainier.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2075; Alien; Fleti2128.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4:616. 1837.
Castilleja douglasii Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 530. 1846.
Castilleja desertorum Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew. Misc. 6: 258. 1853.
Euchroma angustifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 46. 1834.
Type locality: "Native in dry prairies on the borders of the Little Goddin River,
near the source of the Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, Moore 2324.
This species and its subspecies have very generally been confused wHh the very distinct
Alagkan C. parvijlora Bong.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 515
SUBSPECIES OF CA8TILLEJA ANGUSTIFOLIA.
Leaves entire 8a. C. angustifolia whitedii.
Leaves cleft.
Stems sparingly pilose.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm.
long 8b. C. angustifolia bradburii
.
Leaves ovate-oblong to obovate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long.. 8c. 0. angustifolia abbreviata.
Stems densely pilose.
Leaves harshly pubescent; stems 40 to 50 cm. high;
leaves short, not spreading 8d. C. angustifolia hispida.
Leaves less harsh; stems 10 to 30 cm. high; leaves
slender, spreading 8. 0. angustifolia.
8a. Castilleja angustifolia whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 399. 1900.
Type locality: Wenache, Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1141.
8b. Castilleja angustifolia bradburii (Nutt.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898.
Euchroma bradburii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834.
CastiUeja bradburii G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4: 616. 1837.
Type locality: "Little Goddin River, sources of the Columbia."
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Orcas Island, Lyall;
Tacoma, Flett 104; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Bear Prairie, near Mount
Rainier, AUen 133; Klickitat River, Flett 1151; Clealum, Whited 362; Mount Adams, Flett
1162; Roy, AUen 84; Wenache, Whited 5; Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality,
Vasey 451.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8c. Castilleja angustifolia abbreviata Fernald, Erythea 6: 49. 1898.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens bxamined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2175; Gallam County, J^Zmcr 2582.
8d. Castilleja angustifolia hispida (Benth.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898.
CastiUeja hispida Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 105. 1838.
Type locality: "Common on dry soils of the NW. coast, especially about Fort Van-
couver." Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, by Tolmie, and by Gairdner.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, Piper 3096, 3095, 3097; Blue Mountains, "Piper
2435; Almota, Piper 2323, 2798.
9. Castilleja elmeri Fernald, Erythea 6: 51. 1898.
Type locality: "On Wenatchee Mts., 19.3 km. north of Ellenslmrg, Wasliington."
Range: Mount Stuart and Wenache Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1179, 1180; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 457.
10. Castilleja miniata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 106. 1838.
Type ix)cality: "Blue Mountains, N. W. America." Collected by Douglas and by
Tolmie.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1160; Fairhaven, Piper, September,
1892, 2807; Silverton, BoucJc 144; Mount Rainier, Piper 2082; Mount Adams, Flett 1143;
Klickitat River, Flett 1150; Tacoma, Flett 46; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 616; Wenache,
Whited 157; Atanum Springs, Watt, .August, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 573;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 616; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper
516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1668; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Skamania County, Sukudorf; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 599: Seattle, DLron in 1898; Quinault, Dixon in 1898;
Kettle Falls, Watson in 1880; Puget Sound, Cooper; Ellcnsburg, Whited 700.
Zonal distribition : Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.
Narrow-leaved forms of this species have erroneously l>een referred to C. linariaefolia
Benth.
11. Castilleja dixonii Femald, Erythea 7: 122. 1899.
Type localitv: "Abundant on the sea.shon\ in gravellyw sandy soil, usually just above
high-water mark, Quinault Indian Agency, Washington.''
Range: Ocean coast of Washington.
Specimens examined: Quinault, Dixon,,)u\y 17, 1898; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition;
Ilwaco, Piper 4957.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This is very closely related to C. miniata Douglas, and is perh^ips merely a seashore
form of it
.
12. Castilleja suksdorfii A. Gray, Phk-. Am. .\cad. 22: 311. 1887.
Ti'PE locality: "Alpine meadows and springs of Mount Adams, Washington, at 6,000
to 7,000 feet of elevation." Collected by Suksdorf.
Kanqe: Mount Adams and vicinity.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Sukxtlorf 198^ 600; mountains of Skamania County,
Svkudorf; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1506.
13. Castilleja crispula sp. nov.
Perennial from a stout woody crown; stems erect or nearly .so, 20 to 30 cm. high; whole
herbage sparsely crisp-pulierulent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, broadest near the sessile base,
3-ner\'ed, 2 to 4 cm. long, all entire or the uppermost with a few teeth; spike short and
dense; bracts broader than the leaves, scarlet-tipped, all or at lestst tlie uppt>r ones few-
toothed near the apex; calyx villous, alx)ut equally cleft Wfore and behind, each lateral
segment cleft alM>ut midway into two attenuate-lanceolate, acute, lobes; corolla about 3
cm. long, the glandular, puln'rulent galea green except a thin .scarlet margin, nearly straight,
as long as the sparsely pilose tube; lip small, the three teeth saccate-involute, acute; ovary
elliptic-acuminate; stigma 2-lobed.
A species very close to C . miniata Dougl. difToring in its puberulent herbage and the
dentate bracts.
Specimens have lieen examined as follows, all from Washington: Mount St. Helens,
Coville, 768, July 18, 1898, sheet 380051 in the National Herbarium (type); same locality,
L. L. Goodvnn, 26, July 13, 1903.
ORTHOCARPUS.
Perennial ; galea hooded, obtu.se ; lip obscurely saccate 1.0. pilosus.
\nnual.
Lobes of lower lip of corolla well developed.
Galea bearded on the back ; filaments pul)escent 2. 0. purpurascens.
Galea naked; filaments smooth.
Spike short and dense; bracts with broad obtuse white
lobes 3. 0. castilleoides.
Spike slender; bracts with slender lobe 4. 0. attenuatus.
Lobes of lower lip of corolla very small.
Lip simply saccate, scarcely larger than the galea.
Bracts very different from the leaves, the upper ones
entire.
Galea hooked at the tip; bracts obtuse.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5l7
Corolla minutely pubescent ; herbage scabrous
and sparsely hirsute-ciliate 5. 0. tenuifolius.
Corolla glabrous or minutely granular-puberu-
lent; herbage puberulent, not at all hirsute-
ciliate 6.0. imbricatus.
Galea straight not hooked, its tip glandular pubes-
cent ; bracts all acute 7.0. harbatus.
Bracts less different from the leaves, all 3 to 5-lobed.
Flowers purple ; leaves all 3-cleft 8.0. hracteosus.
Flowers yellow; leaves mostly entire 9. 0. luteus.
Lip with 3 conspicuous swellings, much larger than the galea.
Flowers very small 4 to 6 mm. long, dull purple; leaves
pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into filiform segments 10. 0. fusiUus.
Flowers larger 12 to 20 mm. long; leaves simply pinnate
with slender lobes or entire.
Corolla sulphur-yellow, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; anthers
1-celled 11.0. erianthus.
Corolla white, about 1 cm. long; anthers 2-celled. . 12. 0. hispidus.
1. Orthocarpus pilosus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 231. 1871.
Type locality: "In Washoe Valley, Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September 2, 1904 (an unusually glandu-
lar form).
2. Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Oregon and California.
Specimens examined: Seattle (introduced). Piper, June 4, 1891.
3. Orthocarpus castilleoides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: On the seacoast, Puget Sound to Monterey.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, WilTces Expedition; Oyhut, Lamh 1269; Whidby
Island, Gardner 239; Lillewaup, Piper in 1890; Astoria, Cooper; Everett, Piper 4987;
Copalis, Conard 385.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Orthocarpus attenuatus A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 121. 1857.
Type locality: Corte Madera, California.
Range: British Columbia to Middle California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner, 225; Lopez Island, ZyaZZ in 1858; near
Tacoma, Flett 191, 2123, May 5, 1895; Nisqually, Wil1ce.s Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Orthocarpus tenuifolius (Pursh) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 536. 1846.
Bartsia tenuifolia Pursh, Fl. 2: 429. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis. The exact
locality is near the mouth of the Lolo fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and west Montana.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandberg <k Leiberg, June, 1893; Wilbur, Hender-
son, July 12, 1892; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Cow Creek, Lyall; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 425; Spokane, Dewart; Pullman, Piper 1666; Clarks Springs Kreager
\S; Ok&nog&n to (jir&T\6iCo\i\ee, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
. t
518 CONTBIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Orthocarpus imbricatus Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 458. 1871.
Orthocarpus olifmpicus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903.
Type IjOcality: "In the Cascade Mts., Oregon." Collected by Newberry.
Range: Washington to California.
SPEC4MENS examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2574; FUtt 85.
7. Orthocarpus barbatus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 574. 1902.
Ti'PE ixk-ality: "At the junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County," Wa.sii-
ington. Collected bv Sandlx»rg and Leiberg.
Range: Central Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandberg dt Leiberg 234; Moses Lake, Griffiths <&
Cotton 613: Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribition: Upf>er Sonoran.
8. Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.
Type locality: "Ad flum. Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to northern California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suisdorf 167; without locality. Cooper; Seattle,
Piper; ea.st of the C^ascadcs, Wilkes Erpedition.
9. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. 2: 57. 1818.
Orthocarpus strictus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Type ux-ALm-: Near Fort Mandan, North Dakota.
Range: British Columbia to Sa.skutchewan and California.
Specimens examined: Parrott, I^ke tfr Hull 701; "high timbered regions of Spokane,"
Spalding; Colvillc, Lyall; Usk, Kreager 359.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Orthocarpvis pusillus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Ti'PE locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3877; Clallam County, Elmer 2592; Seattle,
Piper, May, 1892; Tacoma, Fhtt 8.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
11. Orthocarpus erianthus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Type locaut^': California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: California.
Specimens examined: West Seattle, Piper 552, introduced from California.
12. Orthocarpus hispidus Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 535. 1846.
Type locality: "Ad flumen Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.
Specimens examined: Silver Lake, Henderson 2265; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 465, 466;
Wenache Region, Brandegee 1023; Ellensburg, Whited 497; Spragur, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
153; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2265; Pullman, Piper, 1665, July 28, 1894;
Elmer 832; without locality, Vasey 450; Co^^Jle to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ADENOSTEGIA.
1. Adenostegia capitata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 180. 1891.
Cordylanthus capUatus Nutt.; DC. Prod. 10: 597. 1846.
Type locality: "In Nova California." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Flett 1161; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August,
1880; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, HuXy, 1880; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; without
locality, Brandegee 1024; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 519
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The Brandegee specimen was referred by Gray erroneously to A. ramosa (Nutt.), a
species not known from Washington.
DIGITALIS.
1. Digitalis purpurea L. Sp. PI. 2: 621. 1753. Foxglove.
Type locality: "In Europae australiore."
Specimens examined: Union City, Piper. Abundantly introduced along tl-.e lower
Columbia River.
VERBENACEAE. Verbena Family.
VERBENA.
Stems prostrate or decumbent; bracts exceeding the flowers 1. V. hradeosa.
Stems erect; bracts shorter than the flowers.
Herbage densely soft-pubescent 2. V. stricta.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so 3. V . hastata.
1. Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. 2: 13. 1803.
Type locality: "In regione lllinoiensi et in urbe Nashville."
Range: Washington to California, Wisconsin and Florida.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Cohillc, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 340; North Yakima, Watt, August, 189.5; Prosser, Henderson, May 26,
1892; Wenachc, Whited 1373; Almota, Lake & Hull 606; Wawawai, Piper 1542; Mission,
Kreager, August 22, 1902; Meyers Falls, Kreager 474; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Prosser, Cotton 621.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition;
2. Verbena stricta Vent. Descr. PI. Jard. Cels. pi. 53. 1800.
Type locality: Illinois.
Range: Washington to Ohio and Texas.
Specimens examined: Meyers Falls Kreager 475.
3. Verbena hastata L. Sp. PI. 1: 20. 1753.
Verbena paniculata Lam. Encyc. 8: 548. 1808.
Type locality; "Habitat in Canadae humidis."
Range: Washington to Canada, New Mexico, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Fllensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Piper, August 6, 1894; Alma, Elmer 537; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hull 605; Almota,
Piper, August 26, 1894, Meyers Falls, Kreager 469; Toppcnisli, Cotton 787.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoi an.
SOLANACEAE. Nightshade Family.
Fruit a berry; corolla campanulate or rotate.
Corolla campanulate, calyx campanulate becoming large and bladdery. . Physalis.
Corolla rotate; calyx small Solanum.
Fruit a capsule; corolla lunnelform.
Capsule prickly , leaves dentate in ours Datura.
Capsule not prickly; leaves entire Nicotiana.
PHYSALIS.
Herbage pubescent; fruiting calyx sharply 5-angled 1. P. puhescens.
Herbage glabrous, fruiting calyx obscurely 5 to lO-angled 2. P. ixocarpa.
1. Physalis pubescens L. Sp. Pi. 1; 183. 1753.
Type locality
. Habitat in India utraque.
520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: California to Iowa, New York, and Florida.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson 2496.
2. Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; Hornem. Ilort. llafn. Siippl. 26. 1819.
Type locality: "Habitat unknown." Probably originally from Mexico.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 2284.
SOLANUM.
Perennial: climbing vine; loaves ."^lolied or 3-divided 2. iS. dulcamara.
Annuals; erect or prostrate.
Plant armed with pricklas; flowers yellow ; leaves pinnatifid 1. S . rostratuyn
.
Plant not prickly.
Stems prostrate ; leaves deeply pinnatifid 3. 5. triflorum.
Stems erect ; leaves ovate, repand or entire 4. S. nigrum.
1. Solaniim rostratiim Dunal, Sol. 234. 1813.
Type ixk-ality: "In horto Monspeliensi cultum."
Range: Colorado and Nebraska to Texas.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced).
2. Solanum dulcamara L. Sp. PI. 1: 185. 1753. Bittersweet.
Type ux;ality: European.
Specimens examined: Parker, Z>un7i, August 8, 1901; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Piper 1889; Hock I^ke, Lake <& UuU 583; S|)okane, Kreager 545, Solah \ alley,
CoUon 882.
3. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1: 128. 1818.
Type ix>calitv. "Near Fort Mandan." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Henderson 2495; Ellensburg, Whtted, July,
1897; North Yakima, Piper 1806.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 1: 186. 1753.
Type locality : " Habitat in Orbis totius cultis."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains latitude 49°, Lyall m 1859; Tacoma, Flett
67; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1480, 2317, 2318; North Yakuna, Piper 1787,. Ophir,
Elmer 525; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897; Squaw Creek, CoUon 871.
Zonal distribution r Upper Sonoran and Transition.
DATURA.
Flowers white; prickles of the fruit unequal, the lower shorter \. D. stramonium.
Flowers purplish, prickles of the fruit equal 2. D. taiula
1. Datura stramonium L Sp. Pi 1: 179 1753 Jimson weed.
Type locality: "Habitat in America, nunc vulgaris per Europpm "
Reported in Suksdorf's list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.
2. Datura tatula L. Sp PI. ed 2. 1:256 1762.
Type locality. Unknown
Specimens examined. Pullman. Piper, September 8, 1894; near Wawawai, Piper in
1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 521
NICOTIANA.
1. Nicotiana attenuata Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 276. pi. 27. 1871.
Type locality: " Rather common in the valleys and dry lower canyons of Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Elmer 478; Whited 1329; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein-
vxg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 201; Bingen, Suksdorf
1482; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co<<on 477 ; Pasco, //endcrson, June, 1892; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 317; near Moses Coulee, Lake <fe Hull 584; Almota, Piper,
September 9, 1896, August 26, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Moxee to North
Yakima, Griffiths cfc Cotton 49. ,
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
*
OROBANCHACEAE. Broomrape Family.
Anther cells not separated, their bases rounded 1 Boschniakia.
Anther cells separated below, the bases mucronate.
No bracts on the calyx or the elongated peduncles Thalesia.
One or two bracts on the calyx or the .short pedicel Orobanche.
THALESIA.
Calyx lobes subulate, longer than the tube 1. F. uniflora.
Calyx lobes triangular, shorter than the tube 2. F . fascicuiata.
1. Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 298. 1894.
Orobanche uniflora L. Sp. PI. 2: 633. 1753.
AphyUon uniflorum Torr. & Gray in Gray, Man. ed. 1. 290. 1848.
Thalesia purpurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 313. 1897.
AphyUon minutum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.
AphyUon sedi Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, Virginia, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2555; Whidby Island, Gardner 242;
Baldy Creek, Lamb 1331; Tacoma, FleU 198; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 463; Yakima,
Henderson, May 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited327; Semiamoo Bay, LyaU in 1858; Kittitas,
Lyall in 1860; Bingen, SuJcsdorf 2S23; Skamania County, Sulcsdorf 21S0; upper Naches
River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2089; Blue Mountains,
Horner 396, 397; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Almota, Piper 1809; Horseshoe Basin, LaJce
& Hull 780; Clarkston, Hunter 41; Wawawai, Elmer 776; without locality. Cooper;
Stuart Island, Lawrence 101.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Thalesia fasiculat^ (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 298. 1894.
Orobanche fascicuiata Nutt. Gen. 2: 59. 1818.
AphyUonfascicuiata Torr. & Gr. in Gray, Man. ed. 2. 281. 1856.
Type locality: "In sandy alluvial soil about Fort Mandan," North Dakota.
Range: British Columbia to California, Nebraska, Indiana, and Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, FZdHOl ; Elmer 255Q] J. M.Grant in 1889;
Whidby Island, Gardner 241 ; near Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2098, 2102; Wenache, Whited, May 25, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1238;
Pasco, Hindshaw 37; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 298; Coulee
City, Piper 3873; Blue Mountains, Horner 399, 398; Wawawai, Piper, May 26, 1894; Illia,
Lake & Hull 779; Big Meadow, Kreager 415; Spokane, Dewart in 1901; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 679.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
522 ' CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
OROBANCHE.
Flowers pedicellate.
Stems low, stout ; anthers woolly 1.0. comosa.
Stems taller; anthers glabrous or hairy 2. 0. ealifomica.
Flowers subsessilc ; anthers glabrous or nearly so.
Stem.s tuber-like at base, branched above 3. 0. jnnonwi.
Stems not tuber-like at base, usually simple 4. 0. ludotnciana.
1. Orobanche comosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 92. 1838.
AphyUon comomm A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1 : 5S4. 1K76.
Phelipoea comoxa A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12- : 54. 1S()().
TrPE loc.vuty: "Banks of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, and by
Gairdner.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens exa.viined: Whidby Island, Gar(in<*r 358; Falcon Valley, 5 wAr.s-rfor/" 82; with-
out locality, Brandegee 1029; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 456; Chelan, Elmer 506;
Grand Coulee, ImJcc <& Hull 778; Soap Lake, McKay 3; Squaw Creek, Cotton 876; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 764; Flat Top Island, Laurence 103; Sucia Island, Flett 2755.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
2. Orobanche califormca Cliam. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 134. 1828.
AphyUon ealifomica A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876.
Type localitt: "E vicinia portus St. Francisco," California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 1030.
3. Orobanche pinorum Geyer; Hook. Kew. Joum. Bot. 3: 297. 1851.
AphyUon pineiorum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876.
Type LOCALrrr: "Top of high mountains near St. Joseph, Coeur d'Aleine country.
Growing on the roots of Abies balsamea," Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Eastern Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall, June, 1860; lone,
Kreager 403.
Zonal Dii#rftiBtrnoN: Arid Transition.
4. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 58. 1818.
AphyUon Itidovicianum. A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1 : 585. 1876.
Type locality: "In sandy alluvial soils around Fort Mandan," North Dakota.
Range: Washmgton to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 436; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2248; Wawawai, Piper 2842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 720; Craigs Ferry, Cotton
1343; Granddalles, Westgate in 1905; "on* roots of Psoralea verrucosa in the light drift sand
desert at the mouth of Lewis and Walla Walla rivers," Geyer. •
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
BOSCHNIAKIA.
1. Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 118. 1856.
Type locality: "Dry and rocky hills South Yuba," California.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Cape Foulweather, HovjeU; near Union City, Piper in 1890;
Bitter Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1127; Springfield, Robbing, May 10, 1897.
The common host plants are Gavltheria shallon and Arctostaphylos tomentosa.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 523
PINGUICULACEAE.
Aquatic plants ; leaves dissected Utricularia.
Terrestrial plants; leaves entire Pinguicula.
TTTmCULARIA. Bladderwort.
Leaves 2 to 3-pinnately divided, very bladdery; flowers large 1. U. vulgaris.
Leaves repeatedly dichotomous ; flowers small.
Bladders mostly on leafless branches 2. U. intermedia.
Bladders among the leaves.
Spur of corolla short and obtuse 3. U. minor.
Spur of corolla conical, acute 4. U. occidentalis.
1. TJtricularia vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 1: 18. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to California, Texas, and Newfoundland.
Specimens examined: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1103; Whidby Island, Gardner
368; Olympia, Kincaid, June, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdojf 468.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1 : 18. 1800.
Type locality: "Habitat in inundatis prope Berolinum et Upsaliam."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to California, Ohio, and New Jersey. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuA:s<for/' 168. '
3. TJtricularia minor L. Sp. PI. 1: 18. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California, Utah, and New Jersey.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper in 1891; Olympia, Kincaid in
1896; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2239.
Zonal DisTRiBxrnoN: Humid Transition.
4. TJtricularia occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 95. 1884.
Type lo«ality: "Washington Territory in Falcon Valley." Coflected by Suksdorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Swisrfor/" 169 (type), 469; Henderson,
2. PINGUICTJLA.
1. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 1: 17. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Oregon to the Adirondacks and northward.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2526; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2067; Flett 237; Silverton, Bovck 177a; Mount Stuart, Llmer 1212;
Brandegee 1031; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 582; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 793;
Loomis, Elmer, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family.
PLANTAGO. Plantain.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate.
Seeds numerous ; leaves ovate i. P. major.
Seeds only 2 to 4; leaves lanceolate 2. P. lanceolata.
524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves linear.
Corolla lobes spreading in fniit.
Leaves fleshy : seaside plant 3. P. marilima.
Leaves not fleshy.
Spikes woolly ; bracts short 4. P. purshii.
Spikes not woolly ; bracts long 5. P. aristata.
Corolla lobes closed over the fruit.
Spikes short , den.se ; capsules 3 to 4 mm. long 6. P. higelmm.
Spikes slender; capsules 2 mm. long 7. P. elongata.
1. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753.
TiPE i-ocALiTv: European.
Ranob: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Seattle, Piper, July 1, 1895; Tacoma,
FhU 22S: Ellensburg, WhiUd 548; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
One form of this plant found on gravelly lake shores and in .salt marshes seems to be
native.
2. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753.
TiPE ix)cality: European.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck; Pullman, Piper, July 20, 1894.
A common weed in lawns and pastures.
3. Plantago maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 114. 1753.
Type ixx'ality: "Habitat in littoribus mariniis Europae borealis."
Range: Seacoast*, Labrador to New Jersey and Alaska toCalifomia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 252; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1896;
Tacoma, Flett 118; Clallam County, Elmer 2817.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3: 120. 1818.
Plantago lagopus L. err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1: 99. 1814.
Plantago gnaphalioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818.
Plantago patagonica gnaphalioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 391. 1878.
Type locality: "In dry situations on the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Wenache, Whited 169, 1097;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 392; Cascade Mountains to Colville, LyaU in 1860; Pasco,
Eindshaw 1; Henderson, June 12, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 278;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 141, 16; Chelan, Elmer 505; Lake
Chelan, Lake cfc H-uIl, August 13, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, iMke cfc HvU
655; Piper, June 9, 1894; Okanogan, Griffiths cfc Cotton 285; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton
546; Brewster, Griffiths cfc Cotton 256; Wenache, Griffiths cfc Cotton 145.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
6. Plantago aristata Michx. Fl. 1: 95. 1803.
Plantago patagonica aristata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 269. 1856.
Type locality: "In pratensibus Illinoensium."
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, New Mexico, and Texfis. Spreading as a weed
eastward. • *^^
Specimens examined: Seattle, Gardner 376.
6. Plantago bigelovii A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 117. 1856.
Type locality: Benicia, California.
Range: British Columbia to California along the coast.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 424; Seattle, Piper dh Smith 1088.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
1
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 525
7. Plantago elongata Pursh, Fl. 2: 729. 1814.
Plantago pusilla Nutt. Gen. 1 : 100. 1818.
Type locality: "In Upper Louisiana."
Range: Washington to New England and Texas.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, <Suis(/or/"306; Major Creek, SuJcsdorf, May 4, 188(>.
RUBIACEAE. Madder Family.
Leaves whorled, without stipules Galium (p. 525).
Leaves opposite, stipulate Kelloggia (p. 527).
GALIUM.
Annuals; fruit hispid or hirsute.
Leaves mostly in 4's; stems erect, smooth 3. G. bifoHum.
Leaves 6 to 8 in each whorl; stems rough on the
angles.
Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2 to 3 mm.
broad I. G. vaillantii.
Stems reclining; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad 2. G. aparine.
Perennials.
Stems wholly herbaceous.
Leaves 3-nerved in whorls of four.
Fruit hispid.
Leaves oblong-ovate, acutish 4a. G. Icamtschaticum oreganum.
Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse. . . A. G. kamtschaticum.
Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; leaves
linear 5. G. boreale.
Leaves 1-nerved.
Whorls containing four, five, or six leaves;
fruit smooth.
Flowers in clusters of three, or solitary-
axillary 6. G. trifidum.
Flowers cymose, numerous 7. G. cymosum.
Whorls containing six leaves; fruit not
smooth.
Fruit granulate-scabrous 8. (?. asperrimum.
Fruit hispid with hooked hairs 9. G. trifiorum.
Stems suffrutescent.
Herbage glabrous.
Leaves ovate, thick \Q. G. multijlorum.
Leaves oblong, thin 10a. G. multiflorum waisoni.
Herbage puberulent ; leaves ovate 10b. G. multiflorum puberulum.
1. GaHum vaillantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805.
Galium aparine minor [us\ Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833.
Galium aparine vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837.
Type locality: Near Paris, France.
Range: British Columbia to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1G59 (?); between Coulee City
and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; C6ulee City, Piper 3858; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3858.
2. GaUum aparine L. Sp. PI. 1: 108. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California and Texas. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4007; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Peshastin,
526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sandberg li Leiherg 505; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1659; Skokomish River, Hender-
son, May 12, 1892; Pullman, PiT)er.
Zonal oisTRrBUTioN: Transition.
3. Galium bifolium S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 134. 1871.
Type locality: "In the Trinity, Battle, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wah.satch."
Rancje: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana.
Specimens exa.mined: Mount Adams, Sulcfxlorf 32<S; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1101;
Klickitat River, Flett 1194; Blue Mountains, Piper 52406.
Zonal distkibition: Canadian!
4. Galiiuu kamtschaticutn Steller; Rocni. & Schult. Mant. 3: 18(3. 1827.
Type hx'ality: KanUschatka.
Range: Alaska to New England and Washington. Silwria.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg d' I^iherglb^.
4a. Galium kamtschaticuiii orega.num (Britton).
Galium oreganum Britton, Bull. Torr. Cluh 21: 31. 1894.
Type ixx-ality: Oregon. Collected hy Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Lake Cushraan, Piper 921; Mount
Adams, Flett 1192; Goat Mountains, Allen 296; Ca.s<'ade Mountains, Sitk/idorf 22; Ska-
mania County, Suksdorf864 \ Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stampede Pass, Hen-
derson, July 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
6. GaUum boreale L. Sp. PI. 1: 108. 1753.
Galium boreale linearifolium Rydherg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 375. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae borealis pratis."
Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Texas, and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Montesano, /Ze2^r4020; San Juan Island, L^^n 1858; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall'm 1859; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Snoqualmi;- Smith
605; Beaver Creek, Whited 18, 228; Ellensburg, Whited 437; North Yakima and Spokane,
Henderson, U&y 27, July 9, 1892; Pullman, f^tifl 556; Piper 1504; without locality Vase^j
in 1899.
In some of the older botanical works our plant is erroneously referred to the European
G. rubioides L.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
6. Galium trifidum subbiflorum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 399. 1897.
Type locality: Colorado.
Range: Washington to Alberta, south to Arizona and California.
Specimens examined: Westport, Lamb 1107; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in
1858; EWenshurg, Whited 480; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg GOG; Pullman, Piper, July
25, 1895; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 444.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This subspecies has the flowers often 2 to each pedicel, and leaves 8 to 10 mm. long.
The northwestern plants referred by Hookera to G. daytoni Michx. and G. tinctorium
L. undoubtedly belong to G. trifidvm.
6a. Galium trifidum pacificum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 400. 1897.
Type locality: Placer County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
aFI. Bor. Am. 2:288. 1840.
i
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 527
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamh 1220; Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle,
Piper; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf \%%\.
This subspecies has solitary flowers and leaves 15 to 25 mm. long.
7. GaUum cymosum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 401. 1897.
Type locality: Tacoma, Washington. Collected by Flett.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon near the coast.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4009; Tacoma, Flelt 165, 37; Stuart Island,
Lawrence 87; Port Crescent, Lawrence 290.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
8. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1849.
Type locality: "Wet places, near irrigating ditches, Sante Fe," New Mexico.
Range: Washington to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Wkited 5^A; Spangle, -Suisdor/ 923 ; along Tukanon
River, Lalce & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1898; Meyers Falls,
Kreager, August 20, 1902, and 508; Pullman, Piper 1804, 1717; Henderson 2487; Elmer.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Galium triflorum Michx. Fl. 1: 80. 1803.
Type locality: Canada.
Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Colorado, and Alabama.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2458; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall, in 1859; Silverton, Souct 98; Skokomish Valley, ffincawZ, June 7, 1892; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull 791 ; Ellensburg, Whited, June 22, 1897; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 651
;
Blue Mountains, Horner 368; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34;
Mount Rainier, Flett 2150.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Galium multiflorum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 97. 1863.
Type locality: Washoe, Nevada.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner, August 1, 1896; without locality,
Brandegee 814.
lOa. Galium multiflorum. watsoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 40. 1884.
Type locality: "Canons and gulches, N. Arizona to E. Oregon and adjacent jidaho."
Range: Washington and Idaho to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 372, 373.
lOb. Galium multiflorum puberulum. subsp. nov.
Whole herbage densely and finely hirtellous; leaves oblong to elliptical or the upper ones
ovate.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Wenache Whited
88, 1108; Ellensburg, Elmer 414 (type); without locality, Brandegee 813; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; junction Cool and Crab creeks, Sandberg t& Leiberg 224; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 696.
,
KELLOGGIA.
1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 332. 1874.
Type locality: Walla Walla River, Washington.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. '
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Gorman, August 7, 1897; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1021; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 479; Wenache region,
Brandegee 816; Roslyn, Whiled 473; Clealum, Henderson in 1892,
Zonal distribution: Canadian,
528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CAPKIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family.
Corolla tubular or campanulate ; styles elongate.
Creeping vine; flowers in pairs; fruit dry " Linnaea (p. 528).
Shrubs, erect or climbing; fruit a berry.
Corolla short, campanulate, regular Symimioricarpos (p. 528).
Corolla tubular, irregular Loniceua (p. 529).
Corolla rotate or open campanulate, in compound cymes.
Leaves pinnate Sambucus (p. 530).
Leaves simple Viburnum (p. 531).
LINNAEA.
1. Linnaea americana Forlx's, Hort. \Voi)urn. 135. 18;i3.
Linnaea horealix lowjifiora Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 327. 1874.
Linnaea longifora Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 280. 1900.
Type locality: "America."
RanciE: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maryland.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2739; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, 5o!/rA: 93; upper Nisciually Valley,
AUen 19; Blue Mountains, Lake d' Hull 547; without liK-ality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carl-
ton, Krexiger 181.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
SYMPHORICARPOS. Waxberry.
Corolla campanulate, 2 to 4 mm. long.
Erect shi ub ; leaves glabrous \. S. racemosus.
Trailing shrub ; leaves pubescent 2. S. mollis.
Corolla cylindric-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long 3. 5. acutus.
1. Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Fl. 1: 107. 180
Type locality: "Ad lacus Mi.stassins," Canada.
Range: British Columbia to Canada, .southward to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3948; Clallam County, Elmer 2738; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, L?/a^; Silverton, ZJoucA: 121a; Orchard Point, Piper, July 15, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 152; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 6, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ; Lower
Cascades, -SuArsdor/; l^es\\as\\n, Sandbery d: Leiherg f^A; Eliensburg, Wfated 456; Spraguc,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Hull 542; Piper 1892, 1690; Elmer 836; Tukanon
River, Lake cfc Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper 2418; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 563, 36; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 694.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species varies considerably, especially in the pubescence and the thickness of the
leaves. Woodland forms tend to be thinner-leaved than the prairie form, and are usually
more pubescent beneath. All gradations seem to occur between plants with leaves per-
fectly glabrous beneath and those which are (juite pul)esccnt. According to Fernald,«
the latter is the typical S. racemosa Michx., while the perfectly smooth form he considers
a subspecies, 5. rax:emosa laevigata Fernald.
2. Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 4. 1841.
Type locality. "St. Barbara, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, AUen 105; Olympia, ZincaMZ, July 4,
1896; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; McAllisters, Henderson, June 22, 1892;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2412; without locality. Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
oRhodora?: 167. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 529
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The northwestern specimens that have been referred to S. pauciforus (Robbins) Howell
belong apparently to S. mollis.
3. Symphoricarpos acutus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 281. 1900.
Symphoricarpos mollis acutus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^ : 14. 1878.
Symphoricarpos vaccinoides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 371. 1900.
Type locality: "Washington Terr., east of the Cascade Mountains." Collected by
Pickering and Breckenridge.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Pickering & BrecTcenndge; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 188; Egbert Springs, Sandberg <& Leiberg 367; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 328;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1282; Nile River, Henderson 2565; Blue Mountains, Piper
2394; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian?
The type of S. acutus has unusually narrow leaves, but it seems not distinguishable from
S. vaccinoides. This species is near iS. rotundifolius A. Gray, to which specimens have
commonly been referred.
Symphoricarpos occidentalis a is said in the original description to have been collected
at "Fort Vancouver" by Douglas; Cooper also lists this species as "common."
With little doubt these references belong to S. racemosus, as no trace of S. occidentalis
has been found by recent collectors in Washington.
LONICEB.A. Honeysuckle.
Climbing shrubs; flowers in terminal clusters; upper leaves connate- ^
perfoliate.
Flowers orange; stamens and style little exserted 1. L. ciliosa.
Flowers pink; stamens and style long-exserted 2. L. hispidula.
Erect shrubs; flowers on axillary peduncles in pairs; upper leaves not
connate.
Bracts large, foliaceous; flowers yellow; fruit black 3. L. involucrata.
Bracts small and narrow.
Llpives somewhat pale beneath; berries blue-black 6. L. coerulea.
Leaves green on both sides; berries red.
Corolla dark-purple, 2-lipped A. L. conjugialis.
Corolla whitish, its lobes subequal 5. L. utahensis.
1. Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 612. 1817.
Caprifolium ciliosum Pursh, Fl. 1: 160. 1814.
Lonicera occidentalis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: pi. ll^T. 1831.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Kooskoosky," Idaho. Collected by Lewis, near
the present town of Kamiah.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, southward to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3938; upper Valley Nisqually, ARen 113;
Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1264;
Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 554; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1859; lower Cascades,
Suksdorf; Skokomish Valley, .^incard, June 15, 1892; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton
217.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The color of the flowers of this species varies from pale orange to nearly scarlet.
2. Lonicera hispidula Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pi. 1761. 1836.
Caprifolium Jiispidulum Lindl. 1. c.
a Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 285. 1840.
29418—00 M 34
530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Loniceral micropkylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. Ic 283. 1833, not Willd. 1819.
Type locality: "In the woods of North West America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Puget Sound, //fm/<T.<{on in 1892; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895: Tacoma, Fletf 128.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Lonicera involucrata Banks; Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823.
Lonicera ledebouri Esch. Mem. Acad. Pctcrsb. 10: 284. 1826.
Xylosteum im^olucratHm Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823.
Type locality: "Wooded country from 54° to 64° north," British America.
Range: Alaska to Canada southward to California, Colorado, and Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinuvg in 1894; mountains north
of p:ilensburg, Whited, August 28, 18aS; Piper, May 20, 1897; near Skagit Pass, Lake cfc
Hull 543; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 436; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 215; Entiat
Creek, Mrs. Iloire: Na.son Creek, Sandherg d' I^iherg 610; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Va.iey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 256; Hoquiam, Lamb
1014; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 60; McAllisters Lake, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4956; Stehekin, Griffiths <fc CoUon 197; Clealum Creek,
CoUon 829.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Lonicera conjugialis Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 67. 1863.
Xylo.«teum conjiujialis Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1902.
Type locality-; "Washoe," Nevada. Collected by Dr. J. A. Veatch.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
SpEtMMENs examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 389; Simcoc Mountains, Jlmvell 296;
Big Klickitat River, Henderson August 4, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
5. Lonicera utahensis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 133. 1871.
Lonicera ebractulata Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 372. 1900.
Xylosteum utahense Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1900.
Type ixxialiti': "Wasatch Mountains, Utah, in Cottonwood Canon; 9,00^ feet alti-
tude."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, F/eM 99; Elmer 2TSI6; Blue Mountains, ZZorner
319, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 283.
Zonal dlstribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
6. Lonicera coerulea L. Sp. PI. 1: 174. 1753.
Xylosteum xnllosum Michx. Fi. 1: 106. 1803.
Type locality: "In Helvetia."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, .south to California, Wisconsin, and New England.
.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 559.
SAMBUCUS. Elder.
Inflorescence flat-topped; berries black with a bloom 1. S. glauca.
Inflorescence pyramidal.
Berries red, rarely yellow or chestnut 2. S. caUicarpa.
Berries black 3. S. melanocarpa.
1. Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2 : 13. 1841.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range; Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 531
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2740; Seattle, Piper; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 302; Wenache; WUted 1248; Ellensburg, WUted, June 6, 1897; Olympia, Heller
4050; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 363; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 546; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1726; without locality, Brandegee 809;
without locality, Vasey 289; Clarks Springs, Kreager 73, 560; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 757; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 224.
Zonal distribution: Transition, especially Arid.
The name Sambucus coerulea Raf. Alsographia Am. 48. 1838, undoubtedly pertains to
our plant, but it may be questioned if it is really published. Rafincsque bases the name
wholly upon a brief mention in the journals of Lewis and Clark of an elder with blue
berries.
2. Sambucus callicarpa Greene, Fl. Fran. 342. 1892.
Sambucus racemasa arborescens (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2 : 13. 1841, not S. arbor-
escens Gilib. 1: 5. 1792.
Sambucus leiosperma Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 40. 1897.
Sambucus pubens Michx. var. Cooper Pac. R. Rep. 12^: 64. 1860.
Sambucus arborescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 279. 1900.
Type locality: "By streams * * * along the Coast Range," California.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2737; Skokomish River, Kincaid in 1890;
Seattle, Piper in 1887; Montesano, Heller 39^; Cape Disappointment, EngreZmann tfc Sar-
gent, July 13, 1880; Silverton, Bouclc 95; Bridge Creek, Elmer 662; Cascade Mountains
to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Whited 1435; without locality
Vasey in 1889; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 670; Skagit Pass, Lake cfe Hull 545;
Wenache region, Brandegee 808 (the last two specimens have the nutlets somewhat rugose).
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The fruit is usually brilliant scarlet, but occasionally yellow. Along the bluff between
Seattle and Everett the great majority of the plants have the fruit chestnut-colored, but
the plants are otherwise identical with th6 ordinary scarlet-fruited form.
3. Sambucus m.elanocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 76. 1883.
Type locality: "First collected in New Mexico by Fcndler."
Range: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1664, 327; Blue Mountains, Piper
2452; Mount Carlton, Zreaj?er 246.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
5. VIBURNUM. -
Cyme radiant, that is the outer flowers neutral and enlarged 1. V. opulus.
Cyme not radiant.
Leaves roundish, mostly 3-Iobed 2. V. paucijlorum.
Leaves oval to elliptic, dentate 3. V . ellipticum.
1. Viburnum opulus L. Sp. PI. 1: 268. 1753.
Viburnum opulus americanum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1 : 373. 1789.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4976. Reported by Lyall « as occurring on
Sumas River, latitude 49°.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
2. Viburnum pauciflorumPylaie; Torr. &Gr.Fl. 2: 17.1841. High bush cranberry.
Viburnum acerifolium L. err. det. Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Peterb. VI. 2: 144. 1832.
Type locality: Newfoundland.
a Journ. Linn, Spc. 7: 135. 1864...
532 CONTRIBUTIONS .FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Colorado, Saskatchewan, and
New England.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton,
Bouck 94; Mount Adams, Sutsf/or/" 388; Goose Lake, Flett 1315; Stevens Pass, Samlberg
dh Leiberg 722; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Lake Chelan, Lake tfc Hull 548; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Cauadian and Iludsonian.
3. Viburnum ellipticum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 280. 1833.
Viburnum ellipticum macrocarpum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. 190().
TiTE locality: "Common on the branches of the Columbia near its confluence with
the Pacific." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to north CiHifornia.
Specimens examined: Lower Cascades, Suksdorf in 1886; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1213; Cape Horn, Pi/xr 5019.
According to Suksdorf there are two distinct subspecies, one distinguished by having
much larger fruit than the other.
VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family.
Perennials; calyx limb of 5 to 15 plumose slender lobes, inrolled
until fruiting Valehiana.
Annuals; calyx limb obsolete or nearly so Valebianella.
VALERIANA.
Leaflets thick, entire ; root large, fusiform 1 . F. ceratophylla.
Leaflets thin, mostly serrate; rootstm-ks creeping.
Tube of corolla slender, twice as long as the limb; stamens
included 3. V. columbiana.
Tube of corolla short, less than twice the limb.
Leaflets coarsely dentate 2. V. sitchensis.
Leaflets entire or nearly so 2a. V. sitckenmti scouleri.
1. Valeriana ceratophylla (Hook). Tobacco koot.
Valeriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841.
Pairinia ceratophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833.
Type locality: "Common in low, wet soils Iwlwcen the Kettle Falls and Spokan."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico and eastward to Ohio.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell; Eilensburg, Whited 6; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 329; Medical Lake, Sandberg cfe
Leiberg 53; "Kettle Falls to Spokane, plentiful," Douglas, Pullman, Piper 150G; Hull
541; Elmer 822.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 145. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1890; Baldy Peak, Larnb
1339a; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Suksdorf 4Q7; Mashcl River, Piper
2629; Silverton, Bouck 99; Goose Lake, Flett 1203; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 691;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 440; Okanogan County,
Whited 47, 182; Cascade Mountains, Steinweg in 1894; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 540;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer 2792.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
In Cooper's Report, p. 04, this plant was erroneously referred to V. capitata Willd.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 533
2a. Valeriana sitchensis scouleri (Rydberg).
Valeriana scouleri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 377. 1900.
Valeriana capitata hookeri Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841, not V. hookeriana Wight & Arn.
1834.
Type locality: "Moist rocks and islands of the Columbia River." Collected by Douglas
and by Scouler.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Conard 296; Lake Crescent,
Lawrence 256; Eatonville, Flett 2204; Mashcl River, Piper in 1889; Mount Rainier, Allen
243; Montesano, Heller 3937.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Valeriana Columbiana Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.
Type locality: Mountains near Wenache. Collected by Whited.
Range: Wenache Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 551; ridge west of Wenache,
Whited 140.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Valeriana sylvatica Banks appears in Suksdorf's list, but we have been unable to find
any good evidence that this species occurs within our limits.
VALERIANELLA.
Fruit obscurely keeled on the back; cotyledons incumbent.
Wings broad, as long as the body of the fruit 1. V. macrocera.
Wings narrow, shorter than the body of the fruit 2. V. mamillata.
Fruit strongly keeled on the back; cotyledons accumbont.
Flowers rose-color; fruit broadly winged 3. F. congesta.
flowers pale or white.
Corolla spurless; fruit winged 4. V . anomala.
Corolla spurred.
Fruit winged 5. V. aphanoptera.
Fruit wingless 6. V. samolifolia.
Mr. Suksdorf erects the latter group of species into a genus, Aligera, and the former group
he retains in Plectritis, considering both distinct from Valerianella.
1. Valerianella macrocera (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis macrocera Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 50. 1841.
Aligera grayi Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23, 25, 218, 24, 5, 330; Ellensburg,
Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 311; No:-th Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Leckenby; Hender-
son; Flett 1038; Tampico, Flett 1219; Wenache, Whited 1030; Pasco, Piper 2957; Dou-
glas County, Spillman; Sprague, Sandberg <& Leiberg 206; Henderson, May 20, 1892;
Spokane, Piper 2945; Hangman Creek, Sarulberg cfc Leiberg 60; Waitsburg, Homer; Pull-
man, Piper 1789; Hull; Elmer 179; Wawawai, Piper 1505; opposite Clarkston, Corner 32;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 314; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 335.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Mr. Suksdorf considers that this species is really an aggregate of several, which he dis-
tinguishes as follows, so far as the Washington species are concerned:
Corolla pale, the limb equally 5-lobed.
Wings as long as the body of the fruit V. grayi.
Wings much shorter than the body of the fruit V. mamillata.
534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla 2-lipped, rose-colorod.
Corolla 2 to 3 mm. lonjj: spur 2 to 3 mm. long.
Wings longer than the body of the fruit T'. macrojdem.
Wings shorter than the body of the fruit V. macrocera.
Corolla 1.5 mm. long; spur 1 mm. long V. nibens.
True macrocera on this basis is eonlined to Calift»rnia. The remaining segregates occjir
in Wa><hington.
2. Valerianella mamillata (Suksdorf).
Alifjera mamUlata Suksd.; Deutsch. Bot. Monat,ss. 4: 147. 1S97.
Typk uk'Ai.ity: Simocx> Mountains, Washington.
Rangk: Known only from the type Iwality.
Specimens examined: SinuHie Mountains, Sukudorf.
This speeies seems to us perfectly valid, the fruit appearing long-l)oakod partly owing to
the short wings.
3. ValerianeUa congesta T.indl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. lOOJf. 1827.
PhctriUs congesta W. Prod. 4: 031. 1.S30.
Plectritin microptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 110. 1S97.
Betcken major FLsch. & Mey. Ind. Seni. llort. Petrop. II. 6: :«). lS;i7.
Pledritis major Hcx'ck: Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 3: 37. 18S2.
Type U)CAUTi': "Native of the north-west coast of North America." Collected by
Douglas in 1826.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Coupoville, Gardner 147; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Tacoma, Flett 5.5, 5.5; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May, 1881; Bingen, Sheldon 10220;
Cape Horn, Piper 4984.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Three forms of this plant wcur as to fruit, one wingless (major), the second narrowly
winged {microptera), the third broadly winged {congenta). They are considered ifistinct
sjx>cies by Suksdorf, but they do not dillcr in any character but the fruit. Ail three forms
occur in Washington.
Plectritis congesta minor Hook.« has usually be«n consid<Ted a .synonym of V . macrocera,
but its type locality "near the mouth of the Columbia" is a region where macrocera is not
known to occur.
4. Valerianella anomala A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis anomala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.
Type ix)CAUTi-: "Wet grounds on the Columbia River and near it." Collected by
Howell and by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1021; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 26; Bingen,
Sheldon 10221.
Zonal distribution: Humid Traasition. .
5. Valerianella aphanoptera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis aphanoptera Suksdorf, Dcutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.
Type locality: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 9, 1882.
6. Valerianella samolifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Betckea samolifolia DC. Prod. 4. 642. 1830.
Type locality: "In pascuis montanis prope la Punta de Cortes Chiicnsium."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
aFl. Bor. Am. 1:291. 1834.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 535
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
111, 332; Port Crescent, Lawrence 263.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll., the cultivated "corn salad," is an occasional garden
escape.
DIPSACEAE.
1. DIPSACUS.
1. Dipsacus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768. Teasel.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Port Townsend, Edwards, July, 1896; Spokane Dewart, August
20, 1902; Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896.
CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family.
1. MICRAMPEIilS.
1. Micrampelis oregana (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 129. 1890.
Metjarrhiza oregana Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 6: 74. 1855.
Sicyos oreganus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 542. 1840.
Echinocystis oregana Cogn. Mem. Cour. Ac. Belg. 28 : 87. 1878.
Sicyos angulatus L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 220. 1834.
Type locality: "On the Oregon from near its mouth to Kettle Falls." Collected by
Scouler, Douglas, and Tolmie.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region. Umatilla County, Oregon.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3873; Orcas Island, Lyali in 1858; Tacoma,
Fleit 184; East Sound, Henderson, July, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 127.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CAMPANULACEAE. Bluebp^ll Family.
Corolla regular; anthers separate.
Calyx lobes narrow; capsules opening by small valve-like lat-
eral openings.
Corolla rotate; earlier flowers cleistogamous Specularia (p. 536).
Corolla campanulate; no cleistogamous flowers Campanula (p. 536).
Calyx lobes large, foliaceous.
Corolla tubular-campanulate ; capsule opening by a hole
at the apex; no cleistogamous flowei-s GiTiiopsia (p. 535).
Corolla open-campanulatc ; capsules bursting irregularly;
earlier flowers cleistogamous Heterocodon (p. 537).
Corolla irregular; anthers united.
Tube of the corolla cleft to the base on one side Rapuntium (p. 5.37).
Tube of the corolla very long, not cleft Bolelia (p. 537)
.
GITHOPSIS.
1. Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Traas. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 258. 1843.
Type locality: "Plains near the outlet of the Wahlamet," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: American Lake, Flett, June 10, 1895; foothills, Blue Mountains,
Homer 158; Waitsburg, Horner 402; without locality, Cooper; Almota, Sheldon in 1898.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPECULARIA.
1. Speciilaria perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 351. 1830.
Venus's looking-olass.
Campanula perfdiata L. Sp. PI. 1: 169. 1753.
Legouzia perfoliata Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 309. 1894.
Type i^ocALm-: "Habitat in Virginia."
Ranoe: Wa.shington to Canada, southward to Utah and Texas. Mexico.
Specimens examined: Whidby I.-^land, Gardner 18(i; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895;
Bingen, Sul-ftdorf 1548; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 18()0; Fort Vancouver, G. FI. Tliclcs,
June 24, 1890; Sp<ikane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Almota, Ldte <(• Hull 558; Wawawai,
Ehner 756; Pi]ier 1888; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 901.
Zonal distkibution : Upper Sonoran and Transition.
CAMPANULA.
Corolla lobes spreading; style longer than the corolla 1 . C. sMuleri.
Corolla lolx»s erect; .style included.
Herbage pubenilent; leaves all entire 4. C scdbreUa.
Herbage glabrous; at least the basal leaves not entire.
Cauline leaves linear, entire; ba.sal orbicular or cordate 2. O. rotundifolia.
Cauline leaves spatulato-lanceolate, dentate; ba.sal similar. ... 3. f . piperi.
1. Campanula scoiileri Hook.; A. DC. Monog. Camp. 312. 1830.
Type ix)Cality: "Fort Vancouver on the Columbia," Washington. Collected by
Scouler.
Range: Ala.ska to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, HeUer 3956; Orchard Point, Piper,-. July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper 127; upper Nisqually Valley, .4flen 21; Falcon Valley, SwtsfZor/" 76; McAllis-
ters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tdmie; Tumwater Canyon, Wonache
River, WUted 1454; without lo<-ality, Vasey 389, 387; Clallam County, Elmer 2741.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Hooker o distinguishes two suljspecies as follows: C. scovJeri hirsutvla, vrith the calyx
lobes erect, &ndC. scoul^ri glabra, with the calyx lobes open-spreading.
2. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 163. 1753.
Campanula linifdia DC. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 27. 1834.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Mexico, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 257; Piper, August 1895, 467; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 1549; Fish Lake, Z?Mnn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull?>S7;
Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Spokane Region, Spalding; Silverton, Bouck 118; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
2742; Tumwater Canyon, Whited 1454.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
This species is very variable and has been considered an aggregate of several species.
Our ordinary form with erect sepals and thickish leaves accords with C. petidata DC.
6
3. Campanula piperi Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 409. 1901.
Type locality: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 125, 814; Elmer 2743; Mount Steele,
Piper 2217; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 342.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1834. h Monogr. Camp. 278. 1830.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 53?
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is allied to G. aurita Greene of Alaska, to which it has been referred.
4, Campanula scabrella Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 6: 237. 1881.
Type locality: "On bleak rocky ridge of Scott Mountain, west of Mt. Shasta," Cali-'
fomia.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 937; Mount Stuart, Brandegee
938; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 38; Howell 418.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
HETEROCODON.
1. Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 255. 1843.
Type locality: "Grassy plains of the Wahlamet and Oregon," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Naches River, //erj/Zerson, June 13,1892; ^QshAsim, Sarulherg &
Leiberg 584; Glenwood, Flett 1209; Klickitat River, Flett 1147; Pullman, Piper 1855, 1718;
without locality. Cooper; Clarks Springs, Kreager 14.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
RAPTJNTIUM. Lobelia.
Aquatic; leaves all basal, terete, hollow 1. R. dortmanna.
Terrestrial ; stems leafy 2. R. Icalmii.
1. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) Presl, Prod. Mon. Lobel. IS. 1836.
Lobelia dortmanna L. Sp. PI. 2: 929. 1753. v
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae frigidissimae lacubus & ripis."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 983; Gardner 412; Lake Crescent,
Laurence 312.
2. Rapuntium kalmii (L.) Presl, Prod. Monogr. Lobel. 23. 1836.
Lobelia kalmii L. Sp. PI. 2: 930.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to Ohio and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Priest Rapids, Cotton 1382.
BOLELIA.
1. Bolelia elegans (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 126. 1890.
Clintonia elegans Dougl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. ]£41. 1829.
Downingia elegans Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 2: 375. 1874.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia near Walla Walla River and near the
head springs of the Multnomah." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Harrison, H. H. Garretson in 1895; Manor, Clarke County, Piper,
July 14, 1897; Centralia, Lamb 1129; Colville, Watson in 1880; Lake Kalispel, Kreager,
August 9, 1902 and 316; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg <fc Leiberg 287; Pullman, /7«ZZ 454; Piper 1728; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
CICHOKIACEAE. Chicory Family.
Pappus none; akenes 20 to 30-nerved; flowers yellow Lapsana (p. 538).
Pappus present.
Bristles of pappus scale-like or plumose.
538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers not yellow.
Akenes beaked ; pappus brown
,
plumose ; flowers violet . Traqopooon (p. 539)
.
Akenes lx»akloss.
Pappus a crown of short scak\s: flowers blue. . . . Cichorium (p. 538).
Pappus plumast^: flowers pink t»r while Ptiix>ria (p. 539).
Flowers yellow.
Receptacle chally ; pappus bristles plumose, not broad-
ened at base IlYPOCHAERi8(p.541).
Receptacle naked; pappus .scale-like, or the bristles
broadened at ba.se.
Heads ncnldinp when younp; scales 15 to 20, each
l)earin{j a very pl»m«Ks<> awii I^iloc'alais (p. 541).
Heads ere<"t even when young.
Pappus of plumose or subplumosc bristles
slightly enlarged at bast».
Heads .solitary on bractlcss scapes or
peduncles Scorzonella (p. 540).
Heads usually several on branching
bract colate scapes Leontodon (p. 541).
PappiLs of chafl'-like scales.
Scales 20 to 24, linear-lanceolate, not
awned Nothocalais (p. 540).
Scales 5 to 10, awned, the awn rising
from the notched apex Uropappus (p. 539).
Bristles of pappus capillary, never plumose.
Heads solitary; leaves all basal.
Akenes smooth at apex, beaklcss or long-beaked Aooser's (p. 541).
Akenes spinulose at apex, long-lx>aked Taraxacum (p. 545).
Heads several; leaves not all basal.
Akenes flattened.
Flowers yellow; akenes tnmcate, not In'aked. . . . SoNCUUS (p. 549).
Flowers blue, pink, or yellow; akenes narrow at
summit or l)eaked Laotuca (p. 548).
Akenes terete, cylindric or prismatic.
Pappus white, persistent Crepis (p. 545).
Pappus tawny.
Flowers yellow (or in one species white) .... Hieracium (p. 546).
Flowers pinkish Nabalus (p. 548.)
LAPSANA.
1. Lapsana communia L. Sp. PI. 2: 811. 175:3.
Type ix)cality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1888; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 146;
Vancouver, Piper, July 10, 1899.
CICHORIUM.
1. Cichorium intybus L. Sp. PI. 2: 813. 1753. Chicory.
Type ixkjality: "Hab. in Europa ad margines agrorum vianimque."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1892.
-PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 539
PTILORIA.
Pappus bristles fuscous, short-plumose to the base LP. paniculata.
Pappus bristles white.
Plumose to the very base 2. P. tenuifolia.
Plumose only above the middle 3. P. exigua.
1. Ptiloris, paniculata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890.
Stephanomeria paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 428. 1841.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountain plains towards the Colorado."
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Piper 2757; Pasco, Tlenderson, Juno 12, 1892;
west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 982; Major Creek, SuJcsdotf in 1882; Rock Island, Sand-
herg {& Leiberg 433; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & HvU 690; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Ptiloria tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145. 1832.
Prenanthes f tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828.
Lygodesmia minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 205. 1833.
Stephanomeria minor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 427. 1841.
Ptilona filifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 311. 1898.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by James.
Range: British Columbia to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; Wenache, Whited 8, 2582,
1311 ; Elmer 479; White Bluff Ferry, Lake cfe Hull 812; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Ellensburg, Piper 2747 ; Whited 5&\; without locality, Fasey 555; without locality, 5ra/«fc-
gee 934, 935; Fort Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Kreager 530; Kittitas Valley,
J. Howell in 1877.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Ptiloria exigua (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890.
Stepluinomeria exigua Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 428. 1841.
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountain plains toward the Colorado."
Range: Washington and Wyoming to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Nortii of Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 377; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
TRAGOPOGON.
1. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Sp. PI. 2: 789. 1753. Salsify. Oyster plant.
Type locality: Not given.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Elmer, July, 1897.
X7R0PAPPUS.
1. TJropappus linearifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 425. 1841.
Microseris linearifolia Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866.
Calais linearifolia DC. Prod. 7: 85. 1838.
Calais macrochaeta A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 112. 1849.
Microseris macrochaeta Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866.
Type locality: "In California legit cl. Douglas et circa Fort Vancouver cl. Garry."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April, May, 1886; Rockland,
Suksdorf, April 10, 1886; Almota, Piper, Juno 3, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calais macrochaeta Gray is founded up>on immature si>eoimens collected by Spalding on
the Clearwater, Idaho. Tliey are undoubtedly young plants of C. linearifolia, as the pap-
pus of that species shows just the transitions from young flowers to adult akenes needed
to connect the differences supposed to be specific.
NOTHOCALAIS.
1. Nothocalais troximoides (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: /Vj. ISSfi.
Microxerif: Iroximoideft A. Gray, Pro<\ Am. Acad. 9: 211. 1S71.
Nolhocalaix mlciidorfn Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: M. ISSO.
Type locality: "From the hills on the Clearwater River," Idaho. Collected by
Spalding.
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 267H; Kincai'l Mi; North Ynkima, Mrs. Stein-
weg in 1894; Uckenhy, April 22, 1898; west Klickitat County, Snksdorf, April, May, 1886;
Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wenache, Whiied 78, 1038; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 323; Sprague, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 147; Spangle, Piper 2438; Spokane, Henderson,
May 31, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 38; Blue Mountains, Piper 2439;
Walla Walla region, Brandegee 929; Waitsburg, Homer 325; Mabton, Cotton 747; Proaser,
Cotton 58-5.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The distinctions relied upon by Professor Greene to separate two suppased species seem
too unstable. In the type specimen of troximoiden the paleao are not "very unequal."
SCORZONELLA.
Leaves all basal, entire or nearly so \. S. borealis.
Leaves mostly dentate or lobed, one or more cauline.
Pappus scales each attenuate into an awn-like tip 2. S. leptosepala.
Pappus scales abruptly awned.
Involucre 1 to 1.5 cm. high; base of the pappus scales as long
as or longer than the akenes 3. S. holanderi.
Involucre 2 to 2.5 cm. high; base of the pappus scales much
shorter than the akcne 4. S. laciniata.
1. Scorzonella borealis Greene, Pittoiiia 2: 19. 1889.
Apargia horeuU Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 146. 1832.
Uontodon boreale DC. Prod. 7; 102. 1838.
Apargulium boreale Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 474. 1843.
Microseris borealis Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 310. 1806.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flat 281; Greene in 1889; without locahty,
Tolmie.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Scorzonella leptosepala Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 426. 1841.
Microseris leptosepala (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 209. 1874.
Type locality: "Near the outlet of the Wahlamot. " Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 147 , 148, 149, June 26, 1886.
3. Scorzonella bolanderi (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886.
Microseris bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 64. 1883.
Calais bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 365. 1867.
Type locality: Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Cal.
Range: Washington to California, near the coast.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Mrs. Summers, a doubtful, immature specimen.
PIPEB—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 541
4. Scorzonella laciniata (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 426. 1841.
Hymenonema ? laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 301. 1833.
Microseris laciniata Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866.
Type locality: "Dry plains of the Columbia from the Rocky Mountains to the ocean. "
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Henderson; Humptulips, Lamb 1184; Tacoma,
Flett 174; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886;
Steilacoom Prairie, Piper 376.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PTILOCALAIS.
1. Ptilocalais nutans (Geyer) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886.
Scorzonella nutans Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 253. 1847.
Microseris nutans Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866.
Type locality: "Declivities of Spokan and Coeur d'Aleine Mountains." Collected by
Geyer.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1101; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 420; Sim-
coe Mountains, Howell, July, 1879; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1860;
North Fork Columbia, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 450; Roslyn,
Whited 413; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Sprague, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Sand-
herg cfe Leiherg, June, 1893; Spokane, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Piper 2266; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1612; Hull 716; without locality, Vasey 552;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 981, 285.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Canadian.
HYPOCHAERIS.
1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. PI. 2: 811. 1753. Gosmore.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, fi'ard^ncr 378; Seattle, Piper, July 17, 1897; Che-
halis County, Lamb 1404; Tacoma, Flett 20.
An exceedingly troublesome weed in lawns, now spread over most of Western Washing-
ton. One of Flett 's specimens was erroneously referred by Wieganda to H. glabra L.,a
species not known to occur in Washington.
LEONTODON.
1. Leontodon autumnale L. Sp. PI. 2: 798. 1753. Fall dandllion.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 750.
AGOSEBIS.
Akenes beakless; leaves glabrous; alpine plant 1. A. alpestris.
Akencs beaked.
Leaves glaucous; beak of akene short, stout, nerved 2. A. glauca.
Leaves not glaucous ; beak of akene slender, nerveless.
Beak about as long as the body of the akene.
Flowers orange; leaves mostly entire.
Leaves lanceolate-spatulate; beak shorter than the
akene S. A. aurantiaca.
Leaves narrowly linear; beak longer than the akene. 4. A. gracUenta.
a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.
I
542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers yellow; leaves mostly lobed.
Akenes with beak 12 to 15 mm. long; leaves mostly
entire 5. A. elata.
Akenes with beak 8 to 10 mm. long; leaves mostly
lobt'd id. A. apargioides.
Beak much longer than the Ixxly of the akene.
Annuals ; heads small 10. ^. heterophylla.
Perennials; heads large.
Apex of akone truncate: herbage tomentoso T. A. retrorsa.
Apex of akene attenuate.
Heads 2 cm. high 8. ^1. laciniata.
Heads 2.5 to 3 cm. high 9. ^. (jrandijiora.
1. Agoseris alpestris (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Trorimon cdj^estre A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 70. 1883.
Tyi'E ux:ALrrY: Mount Adams, Wa.sliingt on. Collected by Suksdorf.
RAN<iE: Cascade Mountains of Wa.shington and Oregon.
Si'Ec-iMENs examined: Mount Rainier, FUit 248, 273, 272; Pijyer 2140, 493; AUen 288;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 422; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892.
Zonal oistkibittion: Arctic.
2. Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) GretMie, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Trorimon glaucum Nutt. Gen. 2: 128. 1818.
Type ixxuLiri': "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Briti.sh Columbia and Alberta to Oregon, Colorado, and Dakota.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Ly(dl in 18G0; Ellensburg,
Wkited 507; Toppenisli, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Pesluistin, Saiulbenj cfe Lcihenj 490;
Spangle, Piper 2873; Spokane, C. A. Ramm in 188;?; Spokane County, Suksdorf 383;
Beaver Creek, Wkited 233: Loomis, A7mer.552; Pulhnan, Piper 'i, 1709, 1862; Union Flat,
Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 345; Walla Walla Region, 5rondcj^ee 930; without
Iwality, Vasey 557; Clarks Springs, Kreager 104.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Agoseris glauca scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.).
Ammoijeton scorzoneraefolium Schrad. Cat. Sem. Goett. 7. 1833.
Troximon glaucum dasycephalum Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 2: 490. 1843.
Agoseris scorzoneraefolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Type locality: "America borealis arctica."
Range: Nearly identical with that of A. glauca.
Specimens examined: S|xjkanc County, Oeyer G6G; Fort Simcoe, LyaJl in 1860; Pull-
man, Piper 3027, 3029, 3536.
This plant differs from A. glauca only in having a pubescent involucre. It is scarcely
worth nomenclatorial recognition.
2b. Agoseris glauca aspera (Rydberg).
Agoseris leontodon asperum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 457. 1900.
Troximon glaucum asperum Piper, Mazama 2: 96. 1901.
Type localtfy: Mount Chauvet, Idaho. - '
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2149; AUen 226; Wcnache Mountains,
Elmer 455; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arctic. *
3. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon aurantiacum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 300. pi. IO4. 1833.
Type locality: " Alpine prairies «f the Rocky Mountains.
"
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 543
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Allen 37, 287; Piper 2145, 2157;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 196, 575; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Hender-
son, August 3, 1892; Atanum River, Henderson, August 3, 1892; east side Cascade
Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Wcnachc Mountains, Elmer 445, 451; between Wenache and
Ellensburg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull, August 24, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
4. Agoseris gracilenta (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon gracilens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 71. 1883.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington Terr." Collected by
Lyall, by Nevius, and by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2198; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 425, 576; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August
10, 1886; Leavenworth, Savage 29; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 835; along Salmon
River, Homer 346; without locality, Brandegee 931.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
5. Agoseris elata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Stylopappus elatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 433. 1841.
Macrorhynchus elatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.
Troximon nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.
Type locality: "Plains of the Wahlamet near its estuary," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner; Olympia, Henderson 1683; Klickitat
River, Suksdorf 517; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 578.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Agoseris apargfioides (Less.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon apargioides Less. Linnaea 6: 501. 1831.
Agoseris maritima Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. 1903.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson in 1892; llwaco, Piper 4960.
Mr. Sheldon regards the northern plant as distinct from the Californian, which may
prove to be the case. It is possible, also, that this is Leonlodon hirsutum Hook.a {Agoseris
Airsw/a Greene &), the type of which is said to have been collected by Douglas and byScou-
ler on "Mcnzies Island and sandy banks of the Columbia," and which is referred by A.
Grayc to Troximon humile.
We have seen no specimens of Troximon humile A. Gray {Macrorhynchus humilis Benth.)
from Washington, and doubt its occurrence.
7. Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.
Macrorhynchus retrorsus Benth. PI. Hartw. 320. 1849.
Troximon retrorsum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.
Macrorhynchus angustifolius Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 47. 1873.
Type locality; "In montibus Sacramento," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 579; Clealum, Henderson in
1892; Wenache, Whited 1232.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 296.a833. b Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. cSyn. Fl. V: 439. 1886.
544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.
Sti/lopappus laciniatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Sen-. 7: 432. 1841.
Macrorhi/ncJius laciniatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.
Ti'PE locality: "Plains of the Wahlainet, near its estuary," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttali.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi/xr, July, 1891; Nisqually Valley, Allen 225; Wilkes
Exjiedition; Puget Sound, Coojwr; Niuion Creek, Sandberg d' Leiberg 612.
Zonal distribction: Humid Transition.
9. Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.
Sti/lojKippus (jrandiJ{oru.s Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. S«k'. 7: 432. 1841.
Macrorhi/ncus grandiflorus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.
Trorimon grandiforuin A. Gray, Proc. Am. Aead. 9: 216. 1874.
Trorinton grandijlorum obtusifolium Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monalss. 18: 98. 1900.
Type locality: "High plainsof the Wahlamet," Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens e.xamineu: West Klickitat County, Suksdutf'S7, 2025; Pullman, Fiper 1616;
Tukanon River, Lake d- Hull, July 1, 1892.
Exceedingly variable as to foliage, but as all forms occur together the variations do not
seem worthy of naming.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
10. Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Cm^ene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.
Macrorhyjichus hcUrophgUus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 41^0. 1841.
Trorimon helerophyllum Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 188;i.
Trorimon heterophrjllus kymajtleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883.
./loosens heterophylla kymajJeura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179. 1891.
Type locality: "Plains of Oregon."
Range: Wa.shington to California.
Specimens examined: Spokane, SuArsf/or/" 581; Pullman, /'ipcr 1617, 1859, 3098.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
lOa. Agoseris heterophylla normahs subsp. nov.
Herbage hirsute or villous; akeiies 10-striatc or 10-costate.
The fact seems to have been overlooked that the name A. heterophylla belongs to the
plant commonly called A. heterophylla kymapleura and that the commonest form of this
remarkably variable species lia.s never Ik'ch christened.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1648, 2312; Ellcnsburg, Piper
2688; Falcon Valley, 5i/A:.sy/o// 580; Wenache, Whited lOiM, in 1895; Spokane, Kreager 165;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 59; without locality, Vasey 559, 560; without locality,
Brandegee 928; along Tukanon River, Lake <& Hull, July 5, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition-.
10b. Agoseris heterophylla californica (Nutt.)
Cryptopleura califomica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 430. 1841.
Trorimon heterophylluin cryptopleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883.
Agoseris heterophylla cryptopleura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179. 1891. *
Trorimon heterophylluin cryptopleuroides Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 19(X).
Type locality: "Near Santa Barbara," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf IMS, 2313, 583, 582.
10c. Agoseris heterophylla glabrata (Suksdorf).
Trorimon heterophylluin glabratum Suksdorf, DeuLsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.
Agoseris heterophylla glabra Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 402. 1901.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 545
Type locality: Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Khckitat County, Suksdorf 2^\2.
TARAXACUM.
1. Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138. 1880-83. Dandelion.
Leontodon taraxacum L. Sp. PI. 2: 798. 1753.
Taraxacum officinale Weber, Prim. Fl. Hols. 56. 1780.
Type locality: "Hab. in Europae pascuis."
The common dandelion is established as a weed in nearly all parts of the State.
CREPIS.
Akenes dilated at the insertion of the pappus; low glaucous plant with
running rootstocks 1. C. nana,
Akenes not dilated at the insertion of the pappus; plants without root-
stocks.
Foliage green, not canescent nor scurfy.
Stems leafless or nearly so 2. C. rundnata:
Stems leafy ; cauline leaves clasping 3. C. virens.
Foliage mostly white-pubescent, scurfy.
Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; involucre with 9 to 24 principal bracts.
Involucre glandular-hirsute 4 C. occidentalis.
Involucre hirsute, not glandular.
Akenes beaked
;
pubescence hirsute 5. C. rostrata.
Akenes not beaked; pubescence tomentosc 6. C. glareosa.
Plants 40 to 60 cm. high ; involucre with 5 to 10 principal bracts.
Involucre bearing bristle-like appendages on the back .... 9. C. barbigera.
Involucre without bristle-like appendages.
Bracts of the involucre glabrous 7. 6'. acuminata.
Bracts of the involucre canescent 8. C. gracilis.
1. Crepis nana Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. 757. 1823.
Type locality: "On the Copper Mine River."
Range: Arctic regions, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 810; Mount Adams, Suksdotf in 1904.
2k)NAL disteibution: Arctic.
2. Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 487. 1843.
Hieracium runcinatum J&mes,\jongExped. 1: 453. 1823.
Orepidium runcinatum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 436. 1841.
Type locality: "In depressed gras.sy situations along the Platte."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensberg, Piper 2665; Whited 695; Toppenisii, Henderson,
May 28, 1892; Wilbur, Henderson, in 1889, July 12, 1892; without locality, Vaseij;
Sprague, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 208; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1217.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Crepis virens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1134. 1763.
Malacothrix crepoides A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12^: 49. 1860.
Crepis cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 214. 1874.
Type locality: "Habitat in Helvetiae, Italiae agris."
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895;
Suksdorf IMO; Clarke County, iSuArscZorf 29; T&coma,, Piper.
29418—OG M 35
V
546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 29. 1834.
PsUachenia occithntalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.
Type loc.\uti': "Columbia River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Arizona.
Specimens e.xamineu: Olympic Mountains, Flett, Aug:u«t, 1888; near Lyle, SuJcsdorf
875; near Cleveland, Suksihrf3S\ ; Wenache, Whited iaS7, IS-W; "on the borders and in
in the vicinity of the river Columbia,"' Wyeth: Wawawai, Pi]x;r 1784; Elmer 747; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2438; Wenas, Grijfithft t{" CoUon 72.
Zonal distribi'tion: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
5. Crepis rostrata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 564. 1896.
Type ux;auty : " Near Cr&b Creek, Douglas County, Washington." Collected by Sand-
berg & Leilx?rg.
Range: British Columbia and eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: iNorth Yakima, Mrs. Steinurg in 1894; Cleman Mountain, Hen-
derson, ifune 11, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell 1879; In'tween Naches and Wenache rivers,
Pickering dr Brackenridge in 1841; Coulee City, Piper 3866; near Crab Creek, Sandberg <fc
Leiberg 225.
2k>NAL distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Crepis glareosa Pi|x>r, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901.
Type uh amtv: Ellcnsburg, Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2704 (type).
7. Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.
Type ixkai.ity: "Plains of the Platte." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 383; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg 232.
8. Crepis gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydl)erg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900.
Crepfs occidentalis gracilis D. C. Eaton; S. Wats. liot. King Explor. 203. 1871.
Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 432. 1884.
Type ixk^ality: Middle Park, Colorado.
Range* British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1112; Ellensburg, Whited 455; Toppenish,
Henderson in 1892; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Valley, Piper 2737; without locality,
Vasey 571, 572,573; Spokane County, Suksdorf 379; Douglas County, Spillman; Colton,
Piper 2883; Wawawai, Elmer 1101, 761; Ahnota, Piper; without locality, Wilkes Expedi-
tion; Waitsburg, Homer 167; Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 269.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
9. Crepis barbigera Leiberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 565. 1896.
Type locality: "Near Alkali Lake, Douglas County, Washington." Collected by
Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Eastern W^ashington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains north Ellensburg, 17/ii<cd 659; Ellensburg, feV/ner 392;
Piper; Wenache, Whited 455, 1183; \tenache Mountains, Whited 1183; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 777 in part; near Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 313; Spokane Prairie, Suksdorf
378; Piper 2264, 2637; Spangle, Piper 2874.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
HIERACIUM. Hawkweed.
Stems many-leaved; involucre imbricated.
Lower part of stem pilose \. H. columbianum.
Lower part of stem glabrous 2. H. canadense.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 547
Stems few-leaved; involucre a series of equal bracts and a few short
calyculate ones.
Flowers white; involucre nearly glabrous 3. 77. albiflorum.
Flowers j'ellow.
Heads small, black-hairy 4. H. gracile.
Heads larger; not black-hairj'.
Involucre densely long-hairy.
Cauline leaves ample, half-clasping at the broad
bases 5. //. longiherhe.
Cauline leaves much reduced 6. //. scouleri.
Involucre with few or no long hairs.
Leaves densely hirsute 7. H. griseum.
Leaves nearly smooth 8. //. cynot_
1. Hieracium columbianum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28:513. 1901.
Type locality: "Priest River Valley," Idaho.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Dartford, Kreager, September 12, 1903; Loon Lake, Winston,
July 20, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 935; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 510.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Hieracium canadense Michx. Fl. 2: 86. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Loomis Elmer 570; Pullman Piper, August 5, 1893; Elmer 307;
Spokane Piper, July 26, 1896; Coupeville Gardner 422.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Hieracium albiflorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833.
? Hieracium vancouverianum Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Hier. 10. 1874.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°." Collected by
Drummond.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Montcsano, Heller 3918; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 113; Seattle, Piper 502;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 11; Skagit Pass, Lake
& Hull, August 24, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 427; Nason
Creek, Sandberg d- Leiberg 611; ConconuUy, Whited 1323; Bridge Crock, Elmer 688, in
1897; Tukanon River, Zxi^e 742; Mount Carlton, Zrm^er 303; Lake Kalispcl, Zrea^er 347.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
4. Hieracium gracile Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833.
Hieracium triste gracile A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 441. 1876.
Hieracium hookeri Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1:763. 1840.
Hieracium arcticum Froel.; DC. Prod. 7: 209. 1838.
Type ix)cality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck
116- Mount Rainier, Piper 2155; Allen286; Mount Adams, Sutsdor/ 428; Fleit 1082, 1398;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & I^eiberg 716; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull, August 24, 1892; Yakima
County, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 449; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 726; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arctic. /
6. Hieracium longiberbe Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 395. 1901.
Type locality: "On clid's along the Cokimbia river near the Cascades."
Range: Oregon and Washington on cliffs in the Columbia Gap.
548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Pij^r 5011; Chenowith, SuJcsdorf21S3.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Hieracium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1834.
Type locality: "Mouth of the Cokunbia.'' Collected by Scouler.
Range: Britisli Columbia to Montana and Utah.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 671; Colville, Lyall in 18(50;
Spokane County, C. A. Ramm, July, 1S83; Suksdorf 3S!i; Mount Carhon, Kreager 244;
along the Tukanon River, Lake cC" //;///, July 4, 1892; Pullman, Pij)er 1G14; Bishop's Bar,
Snake River, Piper 2885.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The relations of this and the two following need careful field study. The did'enuices arc
wholly of pubescence, and inasmuch »is the different types frequently occur growing together,
the character may l)e only of formal value.
7. Hieracium griseiun Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 465. IIXX).
Type ixx'ALIty: Jack Creek, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SM^w/or/*; Lake Park, Piper 2160 in part; l)etween
Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4053; mouth of t'olumbia, Scouler; Wenache Mountains,
WhUed 1187 in part; Cotton 1744; Chelan, Whited 214; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 741;
Chelan, Elmer 496.
Zonal distribution: Traiwition.
8. Hieracium cynoglossoides Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Hier. 20. 1881.
Hieracium amplum Greene, Erythea 3: 101. 1895.
Type locality: "North Western Wyoming."
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 117; Mount Adams, Sukadorf 2255;
Lake Park, Pijyer 2160 in part; Falcon Valley, Svksdorf 42t); Klickitat River, Flett 1085,
1077; Peshastin, Sandberg d' I^iberg 526; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1902; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1187 in part; Tieton River, Cotton 440; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20,
1897; without locality, Vasey 561, 562; Elma, Heller 4063; Loomis. Elmer 550.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
NABALUS.
1. Nabalus hastata (L('ss.) Heller, Muhlenbt^rgia 1: 8. 1900.
Sonchus Tiastatus Less. Linnaea 6: 99. 1831.
Nabalus alatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Aul 1: 294. 1833.
Prenanthes alata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l^: 435. 1884.
Type locality: " In Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascades, latitude 49P, Lyall in 1859; Olympic Mountains, Piper
in 1890; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, St^ptember, 1902; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Good-
speed; Wind River, Flctt 1084; Stevens Pass, Whited 1461; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper;
without locality, Vasey 558; mouth of Queets River, Conard 325.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
liACTUCA.
Pappus brown ; flowers whitish 1 . L. spicata.
Pappus white.
Flowers yellow ; leaves spiny 2. L. scariola.
Flowers blue; leaves not spiny 3. L. pulchella.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OP WASHINGTON". 549
1. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchcock, Trans. Acad. St. LouLs 5: 506. 1891.
Sonchus spicatus Lam. Encyc. 3: 401. 1789.
Sonchus leucophaeus Willd. Sp. PI. 3:1520. 1803.
Mulgedium leucophaeum DC. Prod. 7: 250. 1838.
Lactuca leucophaea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 73. 1883.
Type locality : "Carolina."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 126a; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 429; Nason Creek, Sandberg cfe
Leiberg 615; Waitsburg, Horner 11.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Lactuca scariola integrata Gren. & Godr. Fl. Fr. 2: 320. 1850.
Prickly lettuce.
Type locality: France.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 467; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Pullman, Piper, August 15, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, 1615; Spokane, Kreager
580.
3. Lactuca pulcheUa (Pursh) DC. Prod. 7: 134. 1838. Blue lettuce.
Sonchus pulchellus Pursh, Fl. 2: .502. 1814. ,
''
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri." ,( ( . •
Range: British Columbia to Sa.skatchewan, south to California and Ne# Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 567; North Yakima, T^aW, August, 1895;
Beaver Creek, Whited 30; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Cascade Mountains to Colvillo,
Lyall in 1860; Cow Creek, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lalce cfe Hull, 4,ugi|ft;4, 1892;,Egl?crt
Springs, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 422; Coulee City, Lake cfe Hidl, August 7, 1892; Wilson Creek,
Lake & Hull 808; Wawawai, Elmer 895; Box Canyon, Kreager 390; without locality,
Vasey 570.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
SONCHUS. Sow thistle.
Heads large, involucre glandular-pubescent 1. S. arvensis.
Heads medium-sized; involucre glabrous.
Leaves prickly-toothed ; auricles rounded 2. S. asper.
Leaves with soft teeth ; auricles acute 3. S. oleraceus.
1. Sonchus arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 793. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 150; mouth of Naches River, Piper
2666.
2. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1 : 47. 1769.
SonchU'S oleraceus asper L. Sp. PI. 2: 794. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, lFa<<, August, 1895; Tukanon River, Latfi, July 2,
1892; Pullman, Hull 807.
3. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. PI. 2: 794. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895.
550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
AMBROSIACEAE. IIagweed Family.
He&ds with both staminato and pistillate flowors; involucre open IvA.
Heads unisexual; pistillate? heads usually spiny.
Bracts of staminate heads separate; pistillate heads formitig an oblong
bur Xantiuum.
Bracts of staminate heads united.
Pistillate flowers .solitary in each head; spines in a single series .. . Ambrosia.
Pistillate flowers 1 to 4 in each head; spines in several series Gaeutnkkia.
IV.^.
Heads in den.se panicles; leaves ovate or orbicular, coarsely .s<>rrate 1. 7. xanthiifolia.
Heads in axillary racemes; leaves oblong or obovate, mostly entire. ... 2. /. (ixillaris.
1. Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 185. 1814.
Im paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 347. 1»40.
Type uxjauty: " Near Fort Mandan," North Dakota.
Ra^oe: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and New Mexico.
Specimens exami.neu: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 355; Leavenworth, Whited
1447; Pullman, Piper 1381 ; S|K)kane, Kreager 532.
Zonal distribcttion: Arid Transition.
2. Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. 2: 743. 1814.
Type locality: "In upper Louisiana." Collected by Bradbury.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, .south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WhUed 1133; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 450; Wash-
tucna, Elmer 1038; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Lake & Hull, August 7, 1897;
Wilson Creek, Lake tfc Hull 739; Junction, Crab, and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfe Leiberg
318.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
XANTHIT7M. Cocklebur.
Leaves lanceolate, not cordate, bright green above, whitc-tomentoso
lieneath, the axils liearing spines 1. X. spinosum.
Leaves ovate to orbicular, cordate; axils without spines.
Body of the burs 2.5 to 3 cm. long; spines about 100, hispid,
strongly hooked 2. X. speciosum.
Body of the burs 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
Spines about 20, approximately as long as the body of the
narrowly oblong bur 3. .Y. oligacanihum.
. Spines 50 to 70.
Burs oblong or slightly ovate; spines about 50, each two-
thirds as long as the diameter 4. X. affine.
Burs ovate; spines about 70, eaclr one-half as long as
the diameter 5. X. varians.
1. Xanthium spinosum L. Sp. PI. 2: 987. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Lusitania."
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Brandegee 889, Colfax, Piper 1591.
Becoming common as a weed in various parts of eastern Washington ; locally known as
"Chinese Thistle."
2. Xanthiiun speciosum Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 574. 1897.
Xanthium silphiifolium Greene, Pittonia 4; 60. 1899.
Type locality: "Near Wolf Creek Station," Tennessee.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 551
Range: Washington, Oregon, Missouri, Tennessee.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Sulcsdorf 189; Wawawai, Piper 1593.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
3. Xanthium oligacanthum sp. nov.
Stem erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. high, sparsely hispid; leaves reniform-orbicular,
obscurely lobed and crenate, harshly scabrous, hispid on both faces, the petioles as long
or longer than the blades; fruiting involucres oblong, the body 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm.
thick, the stout beaks somewhat incurved; prickles 15 to 25, uncinate-tipped, about as
long as the diameter of the fruit ; surface of the fruit and base of prickles pubescent.
Bolles, Walla Walla County, Piper, September 18, 1893; also found at Waitsburg by
Homer (no. B 272). The type is in the National Herbarium. This differs from any other
American species in the small size of the fruit and the relatively few prickles.
4. Xanthium afflne Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899.
Type locality: " Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington."
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 1583; Spokane, Kreager 537;
Piper September 1, 1899.
5. Xanthium varians Greene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899. •
Type locality: ' ' Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington."
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, /StfZrstZor/" 1583; Waitsburg, Homer 273 B.
Xanthium echinatum Murr. and Xanthium stkumarium L. are names which appear
in Suksdorf 's list, but they are erroneous determinations of some of the above species.
AMBBOSIA. Ragweed.
Leaves all opposite; receptacle without chaff 1. A. trifda.
Leaves opposite and alternate ; receptacle chaffy.
Fruiting involucre spiny; leaves thin 2. A. artemisiaefolia.
Fruiting involucre tubercled; leaves thick 3. A. psihstachya.
1. Ambrosia triflda L. Sp. PI. 2: 987. 17.53.
Type locality: " In Virginia, Canada."
Range: Saskatchewan and Canada to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced).
2. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia ii. Sp. PI. 2: 988. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Virginia; Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas.
Specimens examined: Mission, Kreager 495. *
2a. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia diversifoha subsp. nov.
Leaves becoming progressively less deeply lobed upward, those of the upper third of
the plant mostly entire, these ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, narrowed abruptly
to a subsessile base, 3-nerved.
On the gravelly banks of Almota Creek at Alraota, Piper, August 26, 1894 (no. 1837).
At this place it seems unquestionably to be native. The entire or subentire upper leaves
present a peculiar characteristic which does not seem to be approached in any eastern
specimens. The plant may represent a distinct species, but in the absence of more abun-
dant material it seems best to treat it as above.
The type is in the National Herbarium.
552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prod. 5: 526; 1836.
Type locality: "In Mexico, inter San Fernando et Matamoras."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to CaUfornia and Texas.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897; Pullman, Pijm-, Oct()l)er
10, 1897.
Apparently an introduced plant in W^ashington.
GAEBTNERIA.
Not maritime ; annual, erect or spreading 3. 6. acanthicarpa.
Maritime .species; pnxstrate perennials.
Leaves 2 to 3 pinnately parted 1. G. hipinnatlfida
Leaves cuneate-obovate, serrate or lac^niate 2. G. chamissonis.
1. Gaertneria bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria bipinnatijida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Sck-. 7: 344. 1840.
Type localitv: " Sea coast of Upper California, (St. Barbara, St. Diego, &c.)"
Range: Scacoast, Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, //^nrf^rson, September 7, 1892; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper;
Puget Sound, Henderson 21; Port Angeles, Pijier 2307; Fairhaven, Pijw.r, .July 2, 1897;
Whatcom County, Suks<Iorf97('y. Seattle, Piper, Septemljcr, 1898; Tacoma, FleU 101.
Zonal distribution: vllumid Transition.
2. Gaertneria chamissonis (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria chamissonis Less.; DC. Prod. 6: 524. 1836.
Franseria cuneifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. S*^. 7: 507. 1840.
Type localiti-: California.
Range: Seacoasts, Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
3. Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Ilook.) Britton, Mom. Torr. Club 6: 382. 1894.
Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: ;i09. 18^33.
Franseria hookeriana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 345. 1840.
Franseria acanthicarpa Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 129. 1893.
Type localiti-: "Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, iSw/rsdor/", September, 1883; Fishhook
Ferry, Leiberg 922; banks of Columbia River, Wenache, Whited 28; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; bluffs of the Columbia above Chelan River, Watson 21 1 ; Almota, Piper 1839,
1837; Pros-ser, Cotton 630; Sunnyside, Cotton 755; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1390.
Zonal disteibdtion: Upper Sonoran.
ASTERACEAE. Aster Family.
synopsis of the tribes.
Anthers not caudate at base ; style branches either truncate or tipped with
an appendage.
Heads raylcss; style branches club-shaped, obtuse; flowers all perfect,
never yellow j Eupatorieae.
Heads radiate (rarely rayless).
. ,
Style branches of perfect flowers fl^t; or tippqd with a distinct
appendage; leaves mo-stly alternate-)-
-
-(- - ^ - Asterkae.
Style branches of perfect flowers t^^neate or.appendaged, not flat-
tened ; leaves often opposite. ,,.,;.:
Involucre not scarious. .-,-.
. , ;
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 553
Pappus never capillary.
Receptacle chaffy Heliantiieae.
Receptacle not chaffy Helenieae.
Pappus capillary Senecioneae.
Involucre scarious, pappus not capillary Anthemideae.
Anthers caudate at base; style-branches neither truncate nor appendaged;
heads not radiate.
Receptacle not bristly; corollas not deeply cleft Inuleae.
Receptacle long bristly; corollas deeply cleft Cynareae.
EUPATORIEAE.
Akenes 5-angled Eupatorium (p. 555)
.
Akenes 10-ribbed Coleosanthus (p. 5.56)
.
ASTEREAE.
Pappus of 2 to 8 rigid awns; heads large, gummy Grindelia (p. 556).
Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
Rays yellow (sometimes wanting).
Pappus double, the outer very short Chrysopsis (p. 557)
.
Pappus simple.
Heads rayless, small, clustered Ciirysotiiamnus (p. 558)
.
Heads radiate or if rayless, large.
Pappus bristles unequal; heads mostly few
and large.
Style branches setaceous-tipped Ericameria (p. 559)
.
Style branches not setaceous-tipped .. Hoorebekia (p. 559).
Pappus bristles equal; heads small, clus-
tered.
Panicle thyrsoid; receptacle alveolate. . Somdago (p. 561).
Panicle flat-topped; receptacle fimbril-
late EuTHAMiA (p. 563).
Rays white, purple, or blue (yellow in a few Erigerons),
rarely wanting.
Pappus a single sfiries of coarse, rigid bristles Townsendia (p. 563).
Pappus of numerous soft bristles.
Bracts of the involucre in many series, their
tips spreading Machaeranthkra (p. 575).
Bracts of the involucre in few (1 to 5) series,
their tips mostly erect.
Involucral bracts in one or two series, nar-
row; rays usually narrow and numerous . Erigeron (p. 5()3).
Involucral bracts in two to five series,
rays broader, less numerous.
Involucre narrow, with rigid bracts;
rays white, few Sebicocarpus (p. 569).
Involucre turbinate or hemispheric.
Stems scape-like Oreastrum (p. 569).
Stems leafy.
Scales of the involucre dry
and chartaceous, closely
appressed Eucephalus (p. 569).
Scales of the involucre more
or less herbaceous and
,
.'
spreading f... Aster (p. 570).
554 CONTBIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
HELIANTHEAE.
Involucral scales boat-shaped, each more or less inclosing a
ray akene.
Akenes all laterally compressed Madia (p. 575).
Akenes not laterally compressed.
Ray akenes turgid, or somewhat olwompressed.
Involucre 4 or 5-sulcate; disk flower solitary ... Hemizonella (p. 577).
Involucre not sulcate; disk flowers several IIemizonia (p. 577).
Hay akenes obcompressed.
Rays about 5: pappus none Lac.ophyi.i.a (p. 577).
Rays 8 to 13 ; pappus capillary Blei'Hakipappus (p. 578).
Involucral .scales not inclosing the outer akenes.
Pappus present, of well-developed scales or awns.
Scales of the pappus 12 to 20, thin, fringed Ptii.onei.i.a (p. 578).
Scales of the pappus awn-like.
Awn-like scales 2 or 4, retrorsely barbed Bidens (p. 578).
Awn-like scales 2, .subulate Coreopsis (p. 579).
Pappus wanting, or crown-like, or of short teeth.
Receptacle elongatC'^^ylindric Rudbeckia (p. 579).
Receptacle flat or convex.
Rays pistillate and fertile.
Pappus none Balsamohhiza (p. 580).
Pappus a toothed crown Wyetiiia (p. 581).
Rays neutral.
Akenes flat and thin IIelianthella (p. 582).
Akenes prismatic Heuanthus (p. 582).
IIELENIEAE.
Bracts of the involucre in two series ; receptacle naked ; pap-
pus none Jaumea (p. 582).
Bracts of the involucre in one series.
Akenes linear, 4-angled.
Bracts of the involucre united Eriophyllum (p. 583).
Bracts of the involucre separate, linear.
Heads radiate.
Pappus scales thin, blunt; vi.scid perennial. Hulsea (p. 583).
Pappus scales awn-like; annual Rigiopappus (p. 583).
Heads rayless, but marginal flowers enlarged;
pappus scales blunt, hyaline Chaenactis (p. 5H3).
Akenes obpyramidal.
Receptacle bristly Gaim.aruia (p. 584).
Receptacle naked.
Akenes 4-5 angled; pappus .scales 10 to 20 IIymenopappus (p. 584).
Akenes 8-10 ribbed; pappus .scales 5 or 6 Helenium (p. 584).
ANTHEMIDEAE.
Ray flowers present.
Receptacle chaflFy.
Involucre narrow; rays .short Achillea (p. 584).
Involucre broad; rays conspicuous Anthemis (p. 585).
Receptacle naked Chrysanthemum (p. 585).
Ray flowers none.
Receptacle conical Matricaria (p. 585).
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 555
Receptacle not conical.
Heads slender-peduncled
;
pistillate flowers apetalous . Cotula (p. 586).
Heads clustered; corollas present.
Pappus a short crown ; heads corymbed Tanacetum (p. 586).
Pappus none; heads racemose or panicled Artemisia (p. 586).
SENECIONEAE.
Shrub; involucre of 4 to 6 concave bracts Tetradymia ( p. 590).
Herbs.
Jjeaves all or mostly opposite Arnica ( p. 590)
Leaves alternate.
Flowers whitish or pinkish ; Tieads rayless.
Leaves large, palmately lobed, mostly basal.
Styles united nearly to the apex Petasites (p 593).
Styles united about half way Cacaliopsis ( p. 594).
Leaves entire ; stems leafy.
Heads about 10-flowered, corymbed Luina ( p. 594).
Heads 4 to 6-flowered, paniculate Rainiera (p. 594).
Flowers yellow; rays present (except in a few species of
Senecio).
Involucre hemispheric; heads solitary Crocidium (p. 594),
Involucre campanulate; heads usually corymbose Senecio (p. 595).
INULEAE.
Pappus capillary, at least in pistillate flowers. '
Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.
Pappus of staminate flowers clavate Antennaria (p. 601 ).
Pappus of all the flowere similar Anaphalis (p. 606).
Plants not dioecious; flowers all fertile Gnaphalium (p. 606).
Pappus none.
Receptacle naked ; leaves large, green above Adenocaulon (p. 607).
Receptacle chaffy ; leaves small, woolly Psilocarphus ( p. 607 ).
CYNAREAE.
Akenes obliquely attached by one side at base.
Heads not subtended by bristly leaves Centaurea (p. 608).
Heads sessile, subtended by bristly leaves Cnicus (p. 608).
Akenes attached by the very base, not oblique.
Filaments monadelphous below Silybum (p. 609).
Filaments distinct.
Leaves and usually the involucral bracts prickly Carduus (p. 609).
Leaves not prickly.
• ' Heads globose, the bracts hook-tipped Arctium (p. 611).
Heads oblong, tHe bracts unarmed Saussurea (p. 611 ).
EUPATORIUM.
1. Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 305. 1833.
Krystenia ocddentalis Greene, Leaflets 1 : 9. 1903.
Type locality: "On the low hills between the north and south branch of Lewis and
Clarks River in stony places." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf 865; Ellensburg, Elmer 423
1084; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, July 16, 1886.
556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COLEOSANTHUS.
Leaves cordate-triangiilar, coarsely toot lied 1. C. grandiflorus.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire.
Akenes glandular 2. C. ohlongifolins.
Akenes hispid, not glandular 3. C. linifolius.
1. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.
BrickeUia grandifora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 287. 1840.
T^PE LocALiTi': "In the Rocky Mountain range by sti-eanis in gravelly places, and west
to the lower falls of the Columbia." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2381 ; Kreager 542, 547; Spokane Falls, Geyer
452; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Homer 351.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1801.
BrickeUia ohhngifolia Nutt. Tran.s. Am. Phil. 3«c. 7: 28S. 1840.
Ti-PE locality: "Gravel bars of the Columbia and tributary stn>ams, and along the
Wahlamet, common." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandberg tk I^iherg 491; Klickitat Prairie, rioweU:
without locality, Fcwcy in 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 710; Umtanum Cre*k, Cotton
819.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition. v
3. Coleosanthus linifolius (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.
BrickeUia linifolia Eaton in S. Wats. liot. King. Explor. 137. jtl. 15. 1871.
TiPE ixxjALiTi': "Sandy l)ottoms of American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah."
Range: Washington to Utah and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 369; Pijier 2745; Whiied 690, 574; Egbert
Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 408; Yakima region, Brandegee 836: Spokane, Ilendemon 2277;
Piper; bars of Touchet River, Homer 354; Spokane Bridge, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller
911.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
GRINDELIA.
Heads small, 6 to 8 mm. high ; bracts squarrose.
Rays present 1. 0. nana.
Rays wanting la. G. narui columbiana.
Heads larger; bracts not squarrose.
Cauline leaves broadest at base 2. G. iniegrifolia.
Cauline leaves narrowest at base. '
Stems suffrutescent 3. G. hendersoni.
Stems herbaceous ' 4. G. oregana.
1. Grindelia nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.
Type locality: "Forests of Oregon, near Fort Vancouver, etc." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall; Cliclan, Elmer 498; Spangle, Suksdorf
333; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Belmont, Piper 1833; St. Johns, Lake & Hull 754;
Pullman, Hardwick, August 18, 1895; Waitsburg, Homer 566.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Grindelia nana columbiana nom. nov.
Grindelia discoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 315. 1840, not Hook. & Arn. 1836.
Grindelia nana discoidea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1^: 119. 1884.
PIPEE FLOKA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 557
Type locality: "On the banks of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, /SwArsdor/ 189; White Bluff Ferry, Late cfc
Hull 753 and August 11, 1892; without locality, Cooper; Wenache, Whited 1151; Wilson
Creek, Lake & Hull 753; Toppenish, Cotton 780.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. GrindeUa integrifoUa DC. Prod. 7: 315. 1836.
Grindelia virgata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.
Type locality: "N.W.America."
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Piper 3805; Tolmie.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
3. Grindelia hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889.
^fyPE locality: "Lummi Island," Washington. Collected by Henderson
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Lummi Island, Henderson 1676.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This is perhaps only a perennating form of the following.
4. Grindelia oregana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 118. 1884.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon along the coast.
Specimens examined: Steilacooni, Suckley; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890
1890; Orcas Island, Henderson 2300; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Oyhut, Lamb 1270
Rock Island, San Juan County, Henderson 2300; Tacoina, Flett 119; Seattle, Piper 2865
Union City, Piper in 1890; Stuart Island, Laurrence 38; Copalis Conard 387.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
Grindelia iiirsutula Hook. & Arn. is listed by Suksdorf , but we find no evidence of its
belonging to our flora.
CHRYSOPSIS.
Rays none 1. O. oregana.
Rays present.
Leaves canescent, strigose, or hirsute 2. C. villosa.
Leaves green, hirsute and liispid 3. C. hispida.
1. Chrysopsis oregana (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 543. 1865.
Ammodia oregana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 32. 1840.
Type locality' : " On the sand and gravel banks of the Oregon and its tributary streams."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2194, 1063; Ellcnsburg, Whited 576,
689.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Chrysopsis villosa (Pui-sh) Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.
Amellus villos-us Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814.
Diplopappus villosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.
Type locality: "On the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Alabama.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 153; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg
454; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 7; Ellensburg, Whited 575;
near Colville, Lyall in 1860; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wawawai, Piper, July 8, 1898;
Elmer 1017; lllia, Lake & Hull 752; Box Canyon, Kreager 397; Meyers Falls, Kreager 51Q.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran, mainly.
558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Clirysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt.; DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1839.
Diplojmppm hispidm Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.
Chrysopsis hirsuta Greene, Pittonia 3: 296. 1898.
Type LOCALiTi': " Carlton-House Fort."
Range: Washington to Sa.skat.chewan, south to Texa.s and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2385;
Granddalles, Cotton l.VX).
Zonal distbibution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
CHKYSOTHAMNTTS. Rauuit brush.
Bracts of the involucre attenuate, acute 4. C. bloomeri.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or ohtusi.sh.
Stems glabrous.
Heads few; plant 15 to 30 cm. high 1. T. jmmihu.
Heads numerous; plant .5 to 2 ra. high 2. C. rlNcidiflontx
.
Stems more or less pubescent 3. C 7MiUiwmus.
1. Chrysothamnus pvuniliis Nutt. Traas. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.
Bigelmna douglasii jmmila A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-': 140. 1884.
TiPE loctality: "On the Ixjrder of Lewis River and the Rocky Mountain plains." Col-
le<ted by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to Utah.
Specimens examined: Yakima region, Brandegee in 1882.
2. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Crinitaria xiscidifiora Hook. Fl. B<ir. Am. 2: 24. 1834.
Bigelmna mseidifiora DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1838.
Bigdovia douglami A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
TiPE ux:ality: "On the barren plains of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the
ir.ountaias, and along Salmon River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 855;
North Yakima, Henderson, OctoV>er 5, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1328; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 481; Egbert Springs, Sandherg tfe Leiherg 382; Chelan, Elmer 852; Coulee
City, Lake <& HuU 732; without locality Vasey 509; mouth of Snake River, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2a. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene, Erythea 3: 95. 1895.
Chrysothamnus lanceolatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Bigelovia douglasii lanceolata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-': 140. 1884.
Type locality: "Toward the .source of the Platte and on the banks of Lewis River."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
'
Specimens examined: Tampico, Flett 1026.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton in Britt. & Br. III. Fl. 3: 326. 1898.
Chrysocoma nauseosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 2: 517. 1814.
Chrysothamnus speciosus albicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Bigelovia graveolens albicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Alberta, south to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 8.56; Umtanum
Creek, Cotton 895; Prosser, Cotton 897; Blue Mountains, Horner 327; Wawawai, Piper 1571
;
Quillamene Creek, Cotton 1790.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
«
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 559
3a. Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens (Nutt.).
Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt. Gen. 2: 136. 1818.
Bigelovia gravolens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri in denudated soils."
Range : British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895;
Wenache, Whited 1327; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 481; White Bluflfs, Dunn, Septem-
ber 13, 1902; Egbert Springs, Sandberg d; Leiberg 344; Chelan, Elmer 851; Coulee Cily,
Lalce & Hull 733; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal, c& Heller 913.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Chrysothamnus bloomeri Greene, Erythea 3: 115. 1895.
Aplopappus bloomeri A. Gray,' Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 541. 1865.
Type locality: "Mount Davidson, Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 190; Yakima Region, Brandegee 843;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1880; Big Klickitat River Cotton 1490; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Mitchell Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 835 (erroneously referred to
Aplopappus watsoni); Mount Adams, Henderson c& Fleti 1068; Falcon Y&Wey, Suksdarf,
October 3, 1881.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
ERICAMERIA.
1. Ericameria nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 319. 1840.
Ericameria resinosa Nutt. loc. cit.
Aplopappus nanus D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King Explor. 159. 1871.
Type locality: "On shelving rocks on the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 338; mountains north of
Ellensburg, Whited 862; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894: Yakima Region, Bran-
degee 845; Chelan, Elmer 855; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 418; cliffs at the mouth of
the Tukanon, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HOOREBEKIA.
Bracts of the involucre rigid.
Rays inconspicuous or wanting; leaves coriaceous or nearly so.
Heads large, solitary or few, discoid \. H. carthamoides.
Heads middle-sized, racemose; rays small 2. H. racemosa.
Rays conspicuous.
Leaves membranaceous, serrate, hirsute or villous 3. H. hirta.
Leaves coriaceous, entire, glabrous A. H. haUii.
Bracts of the involucre not rigid; leaves entire.
Plants herbaceous, low.
Involucre glandular; stems leafy 5. H. lyallii.
Involucre woolly ; stems naked or nearly so 6. H. lanuginosa.
Plants shrubby, at least at base.
Leaves linear, veiy narrow, scabrous 7. //. stenophylla.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-spatulate, puberulent S. H. greenei.
1. Hoorebekia carthamoides (Hook.)
Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 307. pi. 107. 1833.
Aplopappus carthamoides A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Pliila. 1863: 65. 1863.
560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: " Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Yakima region, Brandtgee 841; Klickitat Prairie, HotveU in
1880; White Salmon, ^Mtsdor/* 391 ; Tshimikaine[Chamokane],Cei/cr588; Spokane County,
SuksdoTf 336.
Zonal disteibutxon: Arid Transition.
la. Hoorebekia carthamoides cusickii (A. Gray).
AploiKippus cartltamoiiks cusickii A. Ciray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 126. 1884.
Pyrrocoma cusickii Greene, Erythea 2: 59. 1894.
TiPE locality: " Union Co., Oregon." Collected by Cu.sick.
Kanoe: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Stiksdorf, July 17, 1S8U; Kamiak Butte, Pij)er,
July 20, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Arid Traasition.
2. Hoorebekia racemosa (Nutt.).
IIomojMppus racemosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.7: 332. 1840.
Pyrrocoma racemosa Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 244. 1842.
AiAopappus racemosus Torr. in Sitgrcaves Hep. 162. 1853.
Type locality: "Plains of the Walilamet," Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, .south to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, 5«i"«/o!/ 337; PuUman, A'/*/- 1572.
Zonal dlstribction: Arid Transition.
3. Hoorebekia hirta (A. Gray). - —
Ajdopappus hirtus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 127. 1884.
Pyrrocoma hirta Greene, Erythea 2: 69. 1894.
Type locauti-: Baker Co., Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandeyee.
4. Hoorebekia hallii (A. Gray).
AjAopappus hallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872.
Type locality: " Bluffs of the Columbia River at the Dalkvs." Collected l>y Hall.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, SvJcsdorf 38Q.
6. Hoorebekia lyallii (A. Gray). '
Aplopappus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 64. 18(53.
Ti'PE locaijty: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, at 2,270 m. altitude. Collected by
LyaU.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 802; Cascade Mountains, east side at
2,270 meters, LyaU in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Uowell; Suksdorf,
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Hoorebekia lanuginosa (A. Gray).
Aplopappus lamiginosus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 347. 1874.
Stenotus lanuginosus Greene, Eiythea 2: 72. 1894.
Type locality: "Upper part of the north fork of the Columbia River," Washington.
Collected by the Wilkas Expedition.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2701; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2291;
Wenache, Whited 6, 1104, 1259; Yakima, Brandeyee 844; Simcoc Mountains, Howell 285;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2430.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 561
7. Hoorebekia stenophylla (A. Gray).
Aplopappus siervophyUus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Expcd. 347. 1874.
Stenotus stenophyllus Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894.
Type locality: Spipen [Naclies] River and north fork of the Columbia River. Col-
leeted by Pickering and Brackenridge.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, If/iifetZ 28; Ellcns-
burg, Piper 2685; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinwec/ in 1894; near Cleveland, Snksdorf 3S5;
Klickitat County, Howell in 1882; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 34G.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
8. Hoorebekia greenei mollis (A. Gray*.
Aplopappus greenei mollis A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1^: 135. 1884.
Aplojmppus mollis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 80. 1880.
Macronema molle Greene, Erythea 2: 73. 1894.
Type locality: "Higli mountains of Union Co
,
Oregon." Collected by Suksdorf.'
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Spe(;imens examined: Yakima region, Brandeyee 839, 842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 845.
* Gorman's plant was mentioned in his paper on the Washington Forest Reserve as
Macronema suffruticosum Nutt.
SOLIDAGO. GOLDENKOD.
Branches of the panicle racemiform
Leaves thin; stems erect and tall.
Heads small, 4 to 5 mm. long, in very den.se panicles.
Bracts of the panicle leaf-like I. S. caurina.
Bracts of tlie panicle not leaf-like 2. S. elomjata.
Heads larger, 5 to 7 mm. long in looser panicles 'i. S. serotina.
Leaves thick and firm.
Involucral bracts thin, acuti.sh 4. S. tolmieana.
Involucral bracts firm, obtuse 5. S. missouriensis.
Branclic^s of the panicle not racemiform.
Involucral bracts acute ; alpine (5. S. corymhosa.
Involucral bracts obtuse.
Panicle loose, raceme-like 7. iS' purshii.
Panicle dense, branched 8. *S'. ylutinosa.
1. Solidago caurina Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 40. 1901.
Type locality: 'Ca-scade Mts
,
Wash , above Lake Chelan."
Range; Cascade Mountains of Washington
Specimens examined; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 30; Horseshoe Basin, Lake and Hull
818.
2. Solidago elongata Nutt Trans Am. Phil Soc. 7: 327. 1840
*
Type locality; " Wappatoo Island and the plains of the Oregon." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined. Seattle, Piper 1136, Whatcom County, Smksdorf ^4; Tacoma,
Flett 67; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 13; Puyallup, Flett 66; Leavenworth, Savage 4,
Yakima County, Henderson 2318, Klickitat County, Suksdorf SO, McCloud Lake, Suks-
dorf 974; Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Trout L^e, Flett 1071, Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31,
1900; Stevens Pass, Whited 1443; Spokane County, Henderson 2317.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
29418—06 M 36 v
•
/>
502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Solidago serotina .\it. llort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789.
TvpE locality: "Norfli America."
Ran(;e: Wasliinjjton to Xowfoundlaiid, south to Nevada, Texas, and GeoiHrja.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat Comity, Siiksdorf '2{), Ko(k Island, Sandberg li:
Leihtrg 4-19; Beaver Creek, Whited 17: Siinilkanieen, Li/all in IStH): Pullman, I'lfHT 3102;
Wawawai. Pf/x^^r, August 23 189.5. August 24, I S94; Newport, A'rm/fr -l.'il; Prosser, CoWon
811; Mahton, (\}t(on 7.^>.
3a. Solidago serotina salebrosa Pi|X'r, Fl I'alou.se Refr. 185. 1901.
Tvi'K LCMALrrv: Pullman. Wasliington.
Ran(;e: Washington and Oregon eastward across the continent.
Specimens exa.mineu: Seattle, Pifter, August, 1892; Silver Lake, Ileiuhrson 2317;
Peshastin. Saiuihenj t(' Leiberg 806: Klickitat County. SiilcKdorf 28; without kx-ality,
liraudKjfr: North Yakima, Pifvi- 178.5; Watt, August, 1895; Coulee City, Lake <t Hull
797; Alma, Elmer 524; Lake Chelan. lAike rf' finll 796; Union Flat, Uke <& IluU, July
18, 1892; Pullman. Pijter 1.580: Henderson 2313.
Zonal distribition: Arid Trunsit ion and Upp<»r Sonoran.
This plant has frequently iH-eii considered a form of S. canadensis L., «, species not known
in our limits.
4. Solidago tolmieana A Gray, Syn Fl. 1=: 151. 1884.
Type locality- Fort Vancouver, Wash , <<)llected hy Tolmie.
Ran(;e: Washington and Oregon in tlu- coast region.
Specimens examined: Olympia,^cn</fr«on 1708, 2316, 1709; Kincaid; Fort Vancouver,
Tolmie.
2^NAL uistribltios: Humid Transition.
6. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 32. 1834
Type locality : "On the upper branches of the Mi.s.souri and Arkansas."
Range: Wiushington to Manitoba, south to Texa.s.
Specimens examined; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480; Pesiiastin, Sandberg <fc
Leiberg 539; Coulee City, Lake ct* Hull 794; Ro<k Lake, Lake cfc Hull 795; Spokane, Hen-
derson 231!^; Spokane County, 5wA-«</o// 926; I'ullman, Piper; Henderson 2314; Hull, July
16, 1892; Waitsburg, Homer .573; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480.
Zonal dlstkibction: Arid Transition.
6. Solidago corymbosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328 1840.
Solidago multiradiata scopulorum A. Gray, Pr<»c. Am. Acad. 17: 191. 1882.
Solidago ciliom Greene, Pittonia 3: 22. 1896.
Solidago hesperia Howell. Fl. N. W. Am. 303. 1900.
Type locality-: "Central chain of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2200, 2199; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1196; ^ount Rainier, Piper 21.58; Smith 1064, Baldy Peak, Lamb 1313, Silverton, Bouck
105; without locality, Brandegee 14; Loomis, Elmer 562.
Zonal distribution: IIud.sonian and Arctic.
7. Solidago purshii Porter, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 311. 1894.
Solidago humilis Pursh, Fl 2: .543. 1814.
Type locality. " In North America "
Range: Newfoundland to Virginia. Washington.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 886; Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Tacoraa, Flett
878; without locality, Henderson 2319.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
These western specimens are so similar to tlie Atlantic coast plant that 1 am compelled so
to refer them, notwithstanding the fact that the species is unknown in intermediate regions-
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 563
8. Solidago glutinosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328. 1840.
Solidiujo confertiflora DC. Prod. 5: 339 1836, not Nutt. 1834.
Type locality: "Plains of tho Oregon and Wahlamet." Collected by Niittall.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Fort Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition
,
Coupevillc, Gardner 423.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
EUTHAMIA.
1. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 326. 1840.
Solidago occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 226. 1841.
Type locality: "Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet, and Lewis River." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pipe? , August 1892; North Yakima, M^««, August, 1895;
Ellensburg, Whited 589; hanks oi Co\um\yi&, Brandegee 868; Okanogan River, Watsoii 190;
Coulee City, Lake & Hull 793; Spokane, Elmer 869; Piper, October 1, HKM); Pullman, Piper
4114; Spokane, Kreager 550; Prosser, Cotton 887; Vancouver, Sheldon 11290.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
TOWNSENDLA..
1. Townsendia florifer (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 1880.
Townsendia strigosa Nutt. err. det.Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 344. 1874.
Erigeron florifer Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 20. 1834.
Type locality: "Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Flett 1107; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 347; opposite
Willows, Howell; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Yakima Reservation, Miss Cooley, July,
1891; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2687;
Pasco; Piper 2988; Elmer 10.58; Hindshaw 9; without locality, Henderson in 1892: Coulee
City, Piper 3862; Ritzville, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 169.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
" ERIGERON.
Rays conspicuous, much surpassing the disk.
Root stout, perennial or perennating by offsets.
Tall species with flat, rather broad and large
leaves.
Rays narrow, 100 to 150; involucre smooth
or hirsute, not viscid.
Leaves entire; involucre usually hirsute;
not stoloniferous 1 . E. spedosus.
Leaves dentate ; involucre smooth; stol-
oniferous 16. E. philadelphicus.
Rays broader, 30 to 50; involucre viscid.
Leaves thick; rays pink 2. E. salsuginosus.
Leaves thin ; rays violet 3. E. membranaceus.
Low species; leaves either narrow or mostly basal.
Rays yellow.
Heads solitary; leaves obovateorspatu-
late 12. E. aureus.
Heads several; leaves linear.
564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THK NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leavos hispiduluus, curved; raya
pale yoUow 5.
Leaves c a ii e s o e n t-p u h e r u 1 e u t
,
straiglit; rays bright yellow 10.
Rays not yellow.
Leaves cleft or parted.
Leaves parted into narrow lobes .... 9.
Lt>aves merely '-i to .'vileft 9a.
Leaves entire or merely t<M)thed.
Stems branched, leafy, usually War-
ing several heads.
PulK'scenc-e long and dense;
rays blue, pink or white 4.
Pubescence very short.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-
nerved tj.
Ijcaves filiform or linear, 1-
nerved 11.
Stems simple, scapif»)rm; head al-
ways solitary.
Leaves dentate, broadly spatu-
late.
Involucre glandular; stems
not prmlucing olTsi'ts. ... 13.
Involucre glabrate; stems
producing rosulateolT-sets. 15.
L«'av«'s entire; involucre not
glandular.
Kays white, leaves linear-
lanceolate 8
Rays violet.
Involucre very woolly. 14.
Involucre hispidulous . 7.
Roots annual, fibrous; leaves tiK)thed or lolx'd.
Stems dilfuscly branched; rays pink 1(K) to 120. . . 17.
Stems erect, branched abovuf^ys white 40 to GO. . 18.
Rays very short or wanting.
Plants low, root stout, perennial; heads solitary to
numerous.
Lt!ave3 ternatcly cleft or parted ; involucre hirsute. Ub.
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, narrow; invo-
lucre villous 20.
Plants tall; heads several to numerous.
Rays wanting; heads cymose; leaves firm; root pe-
rennial 19.
Rays present, short.
Heads paniculate; involucre glabrous; root an-
nual 21.
Heads corymbo.se; involucre hirsute at least
at base; roots biennial.
Tall, 30 to 60 cm. ; heads many 22.
Low 10 to 20 cm.; heads few 22a.
E. curvifolhtx.
E.jUijolitLS.
E. comjyositus.
E. coinpos'Uus trijidus.
E. hispidissimus.
E. conjinbuKUS.
E. linearis
E. leibergii.
E. orajanus.
E. iievadensis.
E. unlJlovuH.
E. polionj)ennus.
E. divertjens.
E. ramosus.
E. compositus di«coidev^.
E. bloomeri.
E. eradiatus.
E. canadensis.
E. acris.
E. acris debilis.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 565
1. Erigeron speciosus DC. Prod. 5: 284. 1833.
Stenadis speciosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1577. 1833.
Type ix)cality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to southern Oregon, Idaho, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flelt 812; Whidby Island, Gardner 175;
Lake Park, Pt>r, July 27, 1895; Lopez Island, ZyaZZ in 18.58; Olympia, HeUer 4041; Fort
Vancouver, Tolmie; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1110; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 476;
Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; along Tvvisp River, Whited 41; Leaven-
worth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Tieton River, Cotton 439; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 222;
west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 561 ; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 401 ; Yakima region, Bran-
degeeSm; Conconully, Whited 1317; Wenache foothills, Whited 1295, 1182; Trout Lake,
Flett 1090; Loomis, £'/m«r 578; Fort Colville to Cascades, Lj/aZZ in 1860; without locality,
Vasey 513.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Erigeron saluginosus (Richards.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1881.
Aster salsuginosus Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 2: 748. 1823.
Type locality: "On the Salt Plains in the Athabasca."
Range: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 30; Smith, August, 1890; Piper 2148; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lydl in 1859; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 560; Flett 1092;
upper Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 353;
Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, //erwZerson, August, 1892; near Skagit V&ss, Lake &
Hull, August 27, 1892; between Wenache and EUensburg, Whited, August, 1896; Yakima
region, Brandegee 876; without locality, Vasey 510.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
2a. Erigeron salsuginosus angustifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1880.
Type locality: "California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, -4ZZe7i 142; Silverton, J5o?/rA: 110; Yakima region,
Brandegee 877.
3. Erigeron membranaceus Greene, Pittonia 3: 294. 1898.
Type locality: "Eastern Oregon" in the Blue Mountains. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and OregoiL
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2401.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
4. Erigeron hispidissimus (Ilook.)
Erigeron strigosus hispidissimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 18.34.
Erigeron concinnus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 174. 1841.
Distasis concinna Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 3.50. 1840.
Type locality: "Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokane
River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Whited 447; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894;
Watt in 1895; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited,,lu]y, 1895, and 1098;
Bickleton, (Switsdor/"352; Naches, Lj/aZZ in 1860, Rattlesnake Mountains, Co/Zon 403; Pasco,
Hindshaw 51; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 236; Ritzville, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 195; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Medical Lake, Henderson 2302, 2304; Moses Coulee, Lake
& Hull 696; Spokane, Piper Tllb, 1831; Savage 14; Elmer .375; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 170; Brewster, Onjfiths & Cotton 348.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Erigeron curvifolius Pijx>r, Bull. Toir. Club 27: 396. 1900.
1Chnjm])ftis hirtella IX\ PriHl. 6:327. 18;J(>, not Erigeron hirteUus DC. Prod. 6:290.
1836.
Type locality: Morgan's Ferry, Yakima County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Ea.storn Washington.
Specimens examined: Snipes Mountain, Cotton 384; Soap Lake, McKay 5; Morgans
Ferry, Yakima County, Sukiidnrf,.h\no7, 1884; Washturna, Ehnrr 1036; Pa.s<'o, liiiuhhmr.
May 25, 1S9(): Pi /x /• 299;i : Connell, I^ckenhij,,hino 18, 1897: near Ephrata, Oriffifhs &Cot-
timA^A: Kahlotus. rv/on 10!)9; Prosser, forton 1100, 1075.
Zonal dlstribition: Upper Sonoran.
This species was included by Doctor (Iray in E. chnjsopsuUs Gray. The typ(> Ux-ality of
that is given a.s " E. Oregon and adjacent Washington Terr., Douglatt, Vusick, Neinus,
floiveU."
6. Erigeron corymbosus .Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Stx-. 7: 308. 1840.
Type lihality: " R<H-ky Mountains towards the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and ('alifornia.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer'XlA; Whited 515, 678 and June 27, 1897;
Wenache. Whitfd \\AA\ Rock Island, Sandberg <& IAhergA^\ Chelan, Whited 138, 7; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfc I^iberg 254 ; Coulee City, iMke 719; Medical Lake, Henderson
23(K3, July, 1S92: Spangle, .Si/A-.'w/or/351 ; without kx-ality, I'o.w/ 520, 125; Pullman, Piper
16t)l : Walla Walla region, Bramlegee 872: Illia, iMhe d' Hull 695; Spokane, Piper, June 25,
1897: without l(K'ality, WUke-f Erpeditinu: Rattlesnake Mountains, t?«//oH 689.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Erigeron poliospermus A. Gray, Syn. F'l. 1'^: 210. 1884.
Type mhwlity: "Umatilla, Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellen.sburg, Pi/Kr, May 21, 1897; Whited 720; North Yakima,
Uckenby, April 22, 1898; Steimmg; Ilendermn, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited, May 27,
189(}, 1085; Tampico, Flett 1064; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 188(); Bickleton, Svksdorf
348; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton :«1 ; Klickitat River, Ftett IKX) in part: Coulee City,
Pi>r 3888; Wilson Creek, LaAy ct //m//, August 6, 1892; Spokane, Lfj/wj/ 39; Walla Walla,
Brondegee ^9: Tu)eedy922: Provser, CoM>/i .586.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Erigeron nevadensis A. Gray, Pr<x'. Am. Acad. 8: 649. 1873.
Type l<x;ality: Near Virginia City, Nevada. Collected by Bloomer.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Speci.mens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 875.
9. Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. 2: 535. 1814.
Type locality; "On the banks of the Kooskoosky," Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined. Spokane, Piper 2289; Spokane Hills, Lijall in 1801; Spokane,
Henderson 2306; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 1.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
9a. Erigeron compositus trifidus (Hook.) A. Gray, Piw. Am. Acad. 16: 90. 1881,
Erigeron tnfidns Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 17. 1834.
Type locality: "Barren places among the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 496; Piper 2144, Mount Adam.s, Flett 1079;
Suksdorf; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 120;
J. M. Grant 30; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1211; Klickitat River, Flett 1106.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 567
9b. Erigeron compositus discoideus A. Cray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 237. 1862.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° at 2,100 meters, Lyall in 18G0.
10. Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840.
Diplopappus Jilifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.
Chrysopsis canescens DC. Prod. 5: 328. 1836.
Erigeron peucephyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 89. 1880.
Type locality: "Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia, and barren grounds of
the interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 83, 27, 1074; Ellensburg, Piper 2684; WhUed
352,641; Elmer ^8; Yakima, lecitenfej/. May 11, 1898; NorthY&kimai,Mrs. Steinwegin 1894;
Watt, June, 1892; Sunnyside, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 363; Toppcni.sh,
//ewZer,<ton,May28, 1892; Bickelton, <S7iAr.srfor/' 334 ; Wenas Valley, Lj/o/Z in 1860; Tampico,
Flett 1085; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiberg2^. Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in
1890 and 1892; Sprague, Sandherg & Lexherg 142; Coulee City, Piper 3860; Spangle, Piper,
June 24, 1899; without locality, Vasey 503; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 873, 874.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
11. Erigeron linearis (Hook.)
Diplopappus linearis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.
Type locality: "Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the "Priests Rapids"
of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarkes River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 72, 1116; Elmer 477; Wenache Mountains,
Whited, June 23, 1901; Ellensburg, Piper 2741; Whited 655, 514; Elmer 372; North
Yakima, Brandegee; Watt; Yakima County, Suksdorf 350; Cleman Mountain, Henderson
i.i 1892; Wenas River, Henderson in 1892; Pasco, Henderson in 1892; White Bluff Ferry,
Lake & Hull; Connell, Leclcenhy; Washtucna, Elmer 1039; (?oulee City, Lake <& Hull 817,
Piper 3844; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiherg 255; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1111;
Colville, Watson 207; Columbus, Suksdorf; Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull 817; Spokane, Sand-
herg, Heller, & McDougal 915; without locality, Fasei/ 511; Rocky Mountains and Walla
Walla, Nuttall; Spokane, Piper 2274; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 387; Soap hake, McKay 6,
Stehekin, Whited 1389.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
12. Erigeron aureus Greene, Pittonia 2: 109. 1891.
Aplopappus hrandegei A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1^: 132. 1886, not Erigeron hrandeqei A.
Gray. 1884.
Type locality: "Mountains of Washington in the Yakima district." Collected by
Brandegee.
Range. Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount ^\.\i&Ti,Elmer\\{)b, Brandegee So, Mount Rainier, Pi/>cr
2150, 523, Allen 94, Stevens Pass, Sandherg d- Leiherg 782; above Lake Chelan, T. E.
Wilcox in 1883, North Fork of Bridge Creek. Elmer 698.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
13. Erigeron leibergii Piper, Bull. Torr Club 28: 41. 1901
Type locality Mount Stuart, Washington, at 2,460 meters altitude.
Range. Known only from the type locality
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandherg <& Leiherg 810.
14. Erigeron uniflorus L Sp PI. 2. 864 17.53.
TiPE LOCALITY. ' Habitat in Alpibus Lappomac, Ilclvctiae "
568 CONTKTBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Labrador soutli to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Dr. Coo-per.
16. Erigeron oreganus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 2. 1883.
Type locality: "Oregon, along the Columbia River, under overhanging clifTs, in
Multnomah Co.,'" Howell.
Range: Bluffs of the Columbia River below the Ca.scad(<s on both sides of tlio river.
Specimens e.xamined: Cape Horn, P^jxr 4983, iiOlO.
16. Erigeron philadelphicus L Sp. PI 2: 8«)3. 17.53.
Erigeron occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 7: 311 1840.
Type locality: Canada
Range: Thioughout most of Temperate North America.
Specimens exa.mined: VVhidbv Island, ^//m/wfr 179; Snoiiomii^h, /TinrmV/, .lirnc 3, 1802;
Silverton, Bouck 109; Peshasiin, Sandlmg d' Leihcrg 4()9; Dcmiiig, Fliif 870; Lnkc Con-
conully, Whited 1318; Cascade Mountains to Colvijic, Lijall \n 1860, Loomis, Elmer,
August, 1897; Waitsburg, Homer 175.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
17. Erigeron divergens Torr. & dr. Fl N. Am. 2: 17r) 1841
Erigeron divnrkatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. S<m-. 7: 311 ISIO. not Miclix 1S03.
TvPE locality: "In the Rocky Mountains and the plains of Oregon." Collected i»y
Nuttall
Range; Washington to California, Ncbra.ska, and Texas
Specimens examined: Wenache, U'/ii/frf 72, 73, 74, Elmer Af^; west Klickitat County,
Svksdorf' r]f}3; Rock Island, Sandhrig cf' Leihrrg 4.'j.5, IrMwccu Coulee City and Walcrville,
Sjnilman, May, 1896; Marshall Junction, Pi])er22Tu , Wawawai,£'//«fi/', June, 1897; Piper,
July 8, 1898; Almota, Piper 1832
Zonal distribution. Upper Sonoi an.
18. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. 1888.
Doronicuiit rainosurrt Walt., Fl. Car. 20.5. 1788.
Erigeron fttrigoms Muhl., Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1956. 1803.
Type ix)cality: Penasylvania.
Range: Biitish Columbia to Nt)va S<'otia south to California, Texas, and Florida.
Specimens examined: C.iscude Mountains to Fort C'olville, Lyali in 18()0; Steilacoom,
Piper; Fort Vancouver, Piper .3077; Wenache, Elmer 482; Wailsbiirg, Jlomer 3.53 and
July 27, 1896; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Union Flat, Jjil-e <{• Hull 097; Pullman,
Piper 1821.
Zonal distribution: Traasition.
^
19. Erigeron eradiatus (.\. Gray).
Erigeron douglasii eradiatum A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12-: 5. 1860.
Erigeron inomatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: HS. 1880.
Erigeron foliofm.1 inomatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: .320. 1876.
Type locality: " Sandy pine forest on the table-land cast of Mount Adams," Wa.sh-
ington. Collected by Cooper.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Cooper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 400; Big
Klickitat River, Henderson, August 21, 1892; Blue Mountains, Ilom^r 349.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
20. Erigeron bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 40. 1865.
Ti'PE locality: " Near Virginia City, Nevada."
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Ilendemon 2.305; Blue Mountains, Pip^r 2392.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 569
21. Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 863. 1753.
Type locality: "Canada, Virginia."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid in 1892; North Yakima, Watt, kugust,
1895; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Lake Chelan, Lake c& Hull, August 14, 1892;
Loomis, Elmer 567; Prosser, Cotton 886.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
22. Erigeron acris L. Sp. PI. 2: 863. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Goose Lake, Flett 1156; Falcon Valley, Snkfidorf Sr^S; Yakima
Region, Brandegee 878; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c6
Leiberg 765; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
22a. Erigeron acris debilis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l^: 220. 1884.
Type locality: "Northern Rocky and Cascade Mountains, Montana, Canhy, Sargent,
at Woodruffs Falls, * * * ; Mount Paddo, Snksdorf, Howell."
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, F/e<< 820; Mount Adams, iS'?/X-srZor/' 70, 402,
2170; Howell in 1882; Flett 1156j Henderson, August 9, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2170; Loomis, Elmer 591.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Erigeron glabellus mucronatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 19. 18.34. Typo locality,
" Plentiful on lorn plains of the Columbia, near the coast." We have been unable to deter-
mine what this plant is from the brief description.
SERICOCARPUS.
1. Sericocarpus rigidus Lindl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 14. 1834.
Sericocarpus oregonensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 302. 1840.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, (rar^/ner 1.54; Tacoma, FZe« 164, 876; Olympia,
Henderson 1706; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, July 22, 1888; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OREASTRUM.
1. Oreastrum alpigenum (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 147. 1896.
Aster alpigenns A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872.
Aplopappus alpigenus Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am 2: 241. 1842.
Aster pulchellus D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 143. t. IG. 1871.
Type locality; Mount Rainier, Washington Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 143; Piper 498, 21.56; Tolmie; Mount
Stuart, £"??»«»" 1094, without locality, Brandegee 18, 20, 32; Mount Adams, Suksdorf in
1878 and 522; Flett 1091.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
EUCEPHALTJS.
Rays purple or violet.
Rays white, becoming pink-tinged 1 . E. pnuncapitatus.
Leaves tomentose beneath 2. E. ledophi/llvs.
Leaves glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, broadly lanceolate 3. E. glaucophyllus.
Leaves green.
570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves broadly lanceolate : . 4. E. engehnanni.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate 5. E. serrulatus.
1. Eucephalus paucicapitatus (Robinson) Greene, Pittonia 3: 56. 1896.
Aster jmitcicapitatus Robinson, Proc.. Am. Acad. 29: 329. 1894.
' Aster engehnanni ]Kiucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 176. 1891.
TSte lcx'ality: Olympic Mountains. W»u;iiinpton.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2195; Flett 819.
Zonal distribition: Hudsonian.
2. Eucephalus ledophyllus (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896.
Axter ledoplnjlhis A. Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 98. 1880.
Aster emielnianni ledophijUiis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 3S8. 1872.
T^PE uh'ality: " In the CVscadc .Mountains." Collected l)y Lyall.
RANfiE: British Columbia to Oregon in tlie Cii-scade Mountains.
Speclmens e.\a.minei>: Mount Rainier, /^f'/jfr 2 147; ^4//en284; Mount Adams, //snrfcrson,
Aupiist 5, 1892; SuksdorfiSX.
Zonal ni.sTRiniTioN: Hudsonian.
3. Eucephalus glaucophyllus uom. nov.
Aster enffelmanni glaucescens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1^: 200. 1886, not Aster glaticescens
/ Wonder. 1832.
EucephaJus glaucescens Gtvvno, Pittonia 3: 5(). 1896.
Type ix^kai.ity: "On Mount Paddo " |Adams], VVa.shinpton. Collected by Suk.sdorf.
Range: Wa.shington to California.
Specimens e.xamined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; Suksdorf 651;
Howell 401 : f'lett 1089; SimccM- .Mountains, Howell, Septembt^r 1880; Falcon Valley, Suks-
rfo//398; Skamania County, Sitksdorf, August 10, 1886.
Zonal dlstiubi'tion: Hudsonian.
4. Eucephalus engelmanni (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 54. 1896.
Aster engelmanni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 199. 1884.
Aster elegans engelmanni D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 144. 1871.
Type locality: "Ca.scade .Mountains, latitude 49°." Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming.
Speclmens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall: Colville to Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49^, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp River, Whited 39; Atanum River,
Henderson, Augusl 2, 1892: Stehekin, Whited 1401; near Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 693;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 649; without lo<'aiity, Vasey 526; Mount Stuart, Sandberg
(& Leiherg .559; Clealum Lake, Cotton 869, Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1562.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
5. Eucephalus serrulatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896.
Type locality: Mount .Vdams. Collected by Suksdorf (no. 1563).
Known only from the type collection. The plant is exceedingly clo.s(! to E. engelmanni.
ASTER.
Leaves coriaceous, serrate; involucre well imbricated.
Involucre campanulate, glandular ^ 1. A. conspicuus.
Involucre broadly turbinate, not glandular 2. A. radulinus.
Leaves membranaceous.
Involucre viscid or pruinose-glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad .'. 3. A. campestris.
Heads over 1 cm. broad.
Leaves entire, firm; bracts rather rigid, well imbricated. 4. A. integrifolius.
PTPER FLORA 01^ THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 571
Leaves serrate, not firm ; bracts not rigid, loose 5. A. major.
Involucre not viscid or glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad.
Rays purple ; involucre turbinate 6. A. amethystinus.
Rays usually white ; involucre campanulate.
Herbage harshly puberulent 7. A. midtiforufi.
Herbage not harshly puberulent.
Involucral bracts acute 8. A. oreganus.
Involucral bracts obtuse 9. A. haUii.
Heads more than 1 cm. broad.
Involucral bracts closely appressed, mainly coriaceous. '
Akenes glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, entire 10. A. laevift.
Leaves green, serrate, glabrous 11. A. elmeri.
Akenes pubescent; leaves puberulent, entire 12. A. jessicae.
Involucral bracts looser, largely herbaceous.
Leaves few, large, scarcely reduced upward, the
cauline with auriculate or clasping bases.
Heads solitary or few, long-peduncled : leaves
dark green, usually glabrous 13. A. folmccnft.
Heads several; stems leafy to the top; leaves
thin, pale, usually pubescent 14. A. cusickii.
Leaves numerous, either small, or much reduced
upward; cauline sessile, not at all auriculate.
Pubescent throughout; involucral bracts
herbaceous, lanceolate, flat 15. A.vnUii.
Glabrous or nearly so; involucral bracts nar-
row, acute.
Involucral bracts, at least the outer ones,
foliaceous and passing into the leaves.
Leaves firm, entire, numerous 10. A. entoni.
Leaves thinner, less numerous, usually
serrate near the middle 17. A. dmifjlaaii.
Involucral bracts not at all foliaceous
Heads corj'mbose.
Leaves serrulate, those of the
inflorescence much reduced.. 18. A. oceidentalis.
Leaves entire, those of the inflo-
rescence not much reduced... 19. A. fremontii.
Heads solitary, naked-pedunculate... 20. A. fitenomerea.
1. Aster conspicuus Lindl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1834.
A^ter macdougalii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 301. 1893.
Type locality; "Carlton House." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens e.xamined: Peshastin, Samlherg & Leihe.rg A^A; foothills near Wenache, Whited
0, 1290, 1294; Ophir, Elmer 529; Lake Chelan, Lake tf- Hull 692, Alma, Elmer 538; Fort
Colville, Li/aZ/ in 1860; Geyer; Spokane County , Svksdorf 927; Kamiak Butte, Piper; near
Colton, Piper, July, 1898; Blue Mountains, Piper, July and August, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Aster radulinus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872.
Aster radula Less. Linnaea 6: 125 1831, not Ait. 1789.
Type locality: "In California." Collected by Charaisso.
Range: Washington to California. .
,
572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, ifr«. ^/CTTJWg^, August, 1894; TTatf, August, 1895;
Falcon Valley, i^fi/Xrw/or/" 39.5: Wliite Salmon, .Sutsr/or/" 394; Howell; without locality, F(Mey
512; Trout Lake, Flett 1074; Klickitat River, Cotton 1440.
Zonal distribution. Transition.
3. Aster campestris Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. See. 7: 293. 1840.
TiPE locality: "Along the plains of Lewis River," probably in southern Idaho. Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and northern California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuksdorfGS; IIouvll in 1882; Wilson Creek, Tjohe
<fe Hull 815, 816; Sprague, Ldt« ct //u//. August , 1895, July 9, 1892; Lake Chelan, TAtke <fc
Hull 720; Spokane Falls, Watson 195; Spokane County, Suktidorf 928; Spalding; with-
out locality, Brandegee; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson: Wait.sburg, Homer 550, 553.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3a. Aster campestris suksdorfii subsp. nov.
Dilfers from true ^4. camjHstris in being CAiiescent all over with short hairs that are not
at all appressed.
Type specimen in the Gray Herbarium. Collected on Little Klickitat River, October 5,
1882, by Suksdorf.
4. Aster integrifolius Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 291. 1840. .
Type uxality: "Near the summit of ThornlM'rg's Pa.s.s." Collected b}- Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado and Montana.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 364.
6. Aster major (Hook.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 6: .325. 1894.
Aster unalaschensis major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1834.
Aster modestus Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 8. 1834.
Aster saifianus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840.
Type locality: "Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains," or as given by Lindley,
"Mountain woods at the mouth of Smoking River, Lat. 56° N." Collected by Drummond.
Range. British Columbia and Oregon eastward to Ontario.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Nisqually Val-
ley, ^Wfn 125a; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf Qi; Skokomish River, Piper 2189; plains of
Columbia, Nuttall; Beaver Creek, Whited 29; Minastash Canyon, Whited, August 29, 1897;
Yakima region, Brandegee 858, Stevens Pass, Whited 1466, Loomis, Elmer 568; Railroad
Creek, Elmer 700, Kittitas County, Sandberg <& I^berg 703; Wind River, FleU 1088;
Clealum Creek, Cotton 840.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
6. Aster amethystinus Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840.
Type locality. Salem and Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Range: Mas.sachusetts to Iowa; eastern Oregon and eastern Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: Okanogan River, Watson 191; Waitaburg, Horner 559; Wawa-
wai, Piper 1602.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
7. Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort Kew. 3: 203. 1779.
Type locality; "North America "
Range; British Columbia to Canada, south to Arizona and Georgia
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Elleasburg, Whited
8.53, 591, Colville, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer 615, Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 799;
Spokane County, iSutsdor/* 930, Spok&ne, Sandberg, Heller <& McDougal 917 , Sprague, Z^ote
cfe Hull August 4. 1892, without locality, Lake de Hull 798, without locality, Vaseij;
without locality, Brandegee 34, without locality, Cooper in 1853, Waitsburg, Horner 23,
Toppenish, Cotton 774.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 573
8. Aster oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 163. 1841.
Tripolium oieganum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 296. 1840.
Type locality: "On the inundated banks of the Wahlamet," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf 63, 647, 396; Loomis, Elmer 614; Spo-
kane, Piper 2377; without locality, Vasey 521; Kittitas County, Cotton in 1904.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Aster hallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l^: 191. 1884.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Washington and Oregon. ^
Specimens examined: Yakima region, Brandegee 860.
10. Aster laevis geyeri A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l^: 183. 1884.
Aster hrevibracteatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 393. 1900.
Type locality: "Meadows, Spokane and Columbia River valleys." Collected l)y
Geyer, no. 638.
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane County, Suhsdorf 929;
Spokane, Piper 2380, Elmer 868; Palouse, Piper 1783; Waitsburg, Horner 548; without
locality, Vasey.
11. Aster elmeri Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 645. 1902.
Type locality: "Sinlahekin Basin near Loomis, Okanogan County, Wash." Collected
by Elmer. Not otherwise known.
12. Aster jessicae Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898.
Aster laiahensis Henderson, Contr. Nat. Ilerl). 5: 201. 1899.
Aster mollis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 22. 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Washington, Idaho, Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, August, 1898, 1604, 2663, May, 1898; Union
Flat, Piper in 1900,
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13. Aster foliaceus Lindl.; DC. Prod. 6: 228. 1836.
Type locality: " In Unalaschka "
Range: Alaska to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 13,
1892; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 67 ; without locality, Vasey 523.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
13a. Aster foliaceus frondeus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1'^: 193. 1884.
Aster foliaceus hurJcei A. Gray, loc cit.
Aster amplissimus Greene, Proc. Acad Phila. 1895: 550. 1895.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, Utah and Colorado
Specimens examined; Olympia, Piper 2197; Flett 811, Lake Cushman,.firen(?erson 2041;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1201 , Mount Adams Henderson in 1882; Suhsdorf 66, 642, August 12,
1885; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 283;
Skagit Pass, Lake cfe Hull 694; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; Loomis, Elmer 581 ; without
locality, Brandegee 856; Parson Creek, Gorman 828; Klickitat River, Cotton 1430.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
13b. Aster foliaceus apricus A. Gray, Syn Fl. 1^: 193. 1884.
Type locality: "High mountains of Colorado at Union Pass."
Range: Washington to Colorado.
574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith, August 11, 1S89; Piper 1071; Mount
Adams, Henderson, Aug;ust 3, 1892; Suksdorf 65; Yakima region, Brandegee 115, 852.
Zonal uistribi^tion: Iludsonian.
14. Aster cusickii A. Gray, Proe. Am. Aead. 16: 99. 1881.
Type locality: "In the mountains of Union Co." Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Oregon and Washington in the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Homer SliS: Klickitat River, Cotton 1425,1483.
Zonal dkstribution: Iludsonian.
The Cotton specimens are quite glabrous and perhaps a distinct species.
16. Aster wattii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 645. 1902.
Type locality: "Near North Yakima, Wash." Collected by Prof. G. II. Watt; not
otherwise known.
16. Aster eatoni (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 310. 1900.
Aster folincetts eatoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1'^: 194. 1884.
Type ux'ality: "West IIumlx)ldt Mountains to the Wahsjitch; G-8000 feet elevation,"
Nevada. .
Rancje: Washington to Utah and Nevada.
Specimens EXA.MINED; WVnache, Whited 21, 199; Salmon River, //omcr 3(H ; Peshastin,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg, August, 1893; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Walla Walla,
Pi}>er, August 13, 1897; Waitsburg, Homer 547, 359; Toppenish, Cotton 776; Squaw Creek,
Cotton 873.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Uppt^r Sonoran.
17. Aster douglasii Lindl ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 11. 1834.
Type ux-ality: "(onmion on the N. W coast, near the conllueuce of the Columbia, in
open undulating grounds." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Fort Canby, Savage 27;
Clie]an,£'/mer849; Spokane, ^Zwfr 866,864; Pi>/- 3801,3802; KreagerG28; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 191, 341, 342, 343, 344, 346; Peshastin, Brandegee 863.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
18. Aster occidentalis Nutt.. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 164. 1841.
Tri-poUum occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc 7:296. 1840.
Type locality: "By the margins of muddy ponds in the Rocky Mountains, 7,000 feet
above the level of the sea." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited.
18a. Aster occidentalis intermedius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1*: 192. 1884.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf
.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Pcsh&st'm, Sandberg <& Leiberg i^3, ^7 ; Wind River, FZctt 1070;
Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 62; Klickitat, Howell 329, 557,
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf S45; Yakima region, Brandegee 861; North Yakima, Piper
1782; Ellensburg, lF^i7<'(Z.580,529; Conconully, Filter? 1319; Waitsburg, //orner 560, 551,
556; Almota, Piper 2731, 2373; without locality, Vasey 527; Clealum Lake, CoUon 864.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition
19. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl 1^: 191 1884.
Aster adscendens fretaonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 503. 1843
Type locality; None given.
Range; British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 575
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1SG(); Poshastin, Sandbercj dc Leihenj,
July, 1893; west Klickitat County, Sukmlorf 640, 64S, 649; Skamania County, Suksdorj
2169; Mount Adams, 5wA:sdor/ 339, 643; Falcon Valley, SfifcsJo// 340, 397; Yakima region,
Brandegee 857; without locality, Cusick 1821; without locality, Z?/-ancZej/ee 854,855,859;
Spokane County, flamm, July, 1893; Bingen, Suksdorf 2247 ; Spokane, Piper 2379; Pull-
man, Piper 1605; Waitsburg, Horner, August, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
20. Aster stenomeres A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 209. 1882.
lonaclis stenomeres Greene, Pittonia 3: 246. 1897.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho, Burke, Watson."
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 280.
Aster peregrinus Pursh. This is included in Gorman's list of the plants of the
Washington Forest Reserve. An examination of the specimen in the National Herbarium
shows the collection to Ix) a mixture of Erigeron sahuginosus and Asier foliaecus.
Aster adscendens Lindl. is included in Suksdorf's list, but we question the identity of
the specimens.
MACHAERANTHERA.
1. Machaoranthera canescens (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 3: 59. 1896.
Aster canescens Pursh, Fl. 2: 547. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 608; Spokane, Pijxr, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Machaeranthera canescens viscosa (Nutt.).
Dieteria viscosa Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 301. 1840.
Aster canescens viscosus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1' : 206. \8S4.
Type locality: "Near Scott's Bluff, on the Platte." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October 5, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 1331; Ellensburg, Whited 854; Rattlesnake Mountain, Cotton 478;
Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Lake Chelan, Lafe cfc Hull, August 16, 1892; near
mouth of Okanogan, Watson 197; Coulee ('ity, Lake dt Hull 691; Colville, Lyall in 1860;
Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 912; Waitsburg, Horner 555; Wawawai, Piper
1606; Almota, Piper, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
MADIA. Tarweed.
Heads small, long-peduncled; disk-flower one 1. M. exigua.
Heads larger, sessile or short-peduncled ; disk-flowers several.
Leaves all or mostly alternate; ligules small.
Rays 5 to 12; involucres campanulate.
Akenesof the rays broad; herbage lemon-scented 2. M. citriodora.
Akenes of the rays compressed; herbage heavy-scented.
Heads densely congested A. M . sativa.
Heads loosely racemose 3. M. racemosa.
Rays 1 to 5, sometimes none; involucre laterally compressed;
heads densely glomerate.
Stems glandular to the base; glomerules loosely cymose ... 5. M. ramosa.
Stems glandular above; glomerules racemose G. M. glomerata.
Leaves all or mostly opposite; ligules large 7. M. madioide-s.
570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Madia exigua (Smith) Gn»cne, Erythca 1: 90. 1893.
Sclerocarpun exiguus Smith, Reos' C'j'rI. 31: n. 3. 1816.
Uarpaecorpun exi(pius \. Gray, liot. Me.x. Bouiui. 101. 1859.
Madia fili-Hs A. Gray, Proc. Am. Aiad. 0: 1874.
Ilarpaecarpus madarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 389. 1840.
Type LocALnr: "On the west coast of North Amerira." Collectod by Menzics.
Range: British Cohmihia to California and Idaho.
SrECLMENs e.xamined: San Juan Islantl, Liiall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 735; Smith 10()9;
Tacoma.f'/fff 140: Olympia, //rZ/rr 4045: we.st Klickitat County, Sut«/o//2139: CIcalum,
//fm/erson, Juno II, 1892; Wenache, Whiled, June, 1895 and 1132; junction CrnI) and Wil-
son rreek.s, Sandberg ct" Leiberf) 272: S|x»kane, Pi}>er, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1573;
fMke <t HuU, June 23, 1894; Wait^hui-g, Ilonwr 172.
Zonal distribution. Transition.
la. Madia exigua macrocephala (Suksdorf).
Madia filiiHs macnnrjihala Suksdorf, Deut.sch. liot. Monalss. 18: 97. 19(X).
IlarjHifcarpus eritjuus macrocephalnii Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Type locality: Bingen, Klickitat County, Wash.
Rancje: Washington.
Specimen.s examined: West Klickitat County, iSuArsr/or/", Juno 18, 1892.
2. Madia citriodora Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 9: (53. 1882.
Ilemizonia citriodora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l'': 307. 1884. '
Type ux-ality: Yreka, California.
Range: Wa.shington t<» California.
Specimens e.xamined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 370; Waitsburg, Horner l.')2,
Bingen, Sheldon 1025.5: Wallula, Cotton 1071.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Madia racemosa (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 405. 1843.
Madorilla racemosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: :i87. 1841.
Madia satim racemosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 189. 1874.
Madorella dissitifora Nutt. loc. cit.
Madia dissitiflora Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.
Madia saliva dissitiflora A. Gray, loc. cit.
Type locauty: "On the banks of the Oregon, near the estuary of the Wahlamet."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 470; Yakima region, Bran-
deyee 897; Seattle, Piper 513; west Klickitat County, Suksdoif 2137 , 2142; Vancouver,
Douglas; Satsop, Heller 4029; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leibery; Wenache, Whited 53;
Ellensburg, Whited 684; Elmer 367; Clealum, Henderson; McAlisters Luke, Henderson;
North Yakima, Henderson; Leavenworth, Whited 238; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 537;
Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 415; Pullman, Piper 1575, 3103; Elmer 9(J2, Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2450; Wawawai, Piper 3061; Clarks Springs, Kreager 102; Tieton, 6'oton489;
without locality, Vasey 545; Tukanon River, Lake cfe HuU 721.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Madia sativa capitata (Nutt.).
Madia cajritata Nutt Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841.
Madia sativa congesta Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 401 1843.
Type locality: ' In the plains of tlie Oregon towards the sea, particularly on Wappatoo
Island." Collected by Nuttall.
Range. Washington to California in tiie coast region.
Specimens examined; Coupeville, GV/rt/ner 169; Seattle, iSutsdor/" 978.
Zonal distribution. Humid Transition.
J
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 577
5. Madia ramosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902.
Type locality: "Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash."
Ranqb: Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2451.
6. Madia glomerata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834.
Amida gracilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841.
Amida hirsuta Nutt. loc cit.
Type locality: "Plains of the Saskatchewan." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to Oalifornia and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1098;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 805,587; Yakima region, Brandegee 896; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 414; EMemhurg, Whited 701; Pullman, Piper 1574; Waitsburg, //orner 172.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Madia madioides (Nutt.).
Anisocarpus madioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 388. 1841.
Madia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad 8: 391. 1872.
Type locality: "Among rocks, in shady forests, at the mouth of the Wahlamet,"
Oregon Collected by Nuttall
Range- British Columbia to middle California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 977; Seattle,
Piper 734; Tacoma, Flett 145; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
HEMIZONELLA.
1. Hemiaonella durandi A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad. 9: 189. 1874.
Hemizonia durandi A Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 6: 549. 1865.
Type locality Nevada County California.
Range. Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined. Tacoma F/e/M 86; Steilacoom, Piper 373; Falcon Valley, Suii-
dorf 415, Mount Constitution, Henderson 2296; Easton, Henderson 2297.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
HEMIZONIA.
1. Hemizonia pungens (Hook & Am.) Torr. & Gr. Fl 2: 399 1843.
Hartmannia pungens Hook & Arn Bot Beech. Voy. 357. 1840
Type locality California
Range: California Introduced in Washington
Specimens examined. Tacoma, Flett 158, Frenchtown, Nalder, August 22, 1898;
Walla Walla, Blandford, November 9, 1901. The species is doubtless introduced from
California.
LAGOPHYLLA
1. Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt Trans Am Phil Soc 7; 390 1841.
Type locality. "In the prairies near Walla Walla ' Collected by Nuttall.
Range. Washington and Idaho to California
Specimens examined. North Yakima. Henderson. May 25, 1892, White Salmon, Suks-
dojj4\&, Crab and Wilson creeks, iSondtergrcfc Leiterjf 253, Pullman, Piper 1576, Lake d}
Hull 746, Almota. Lake & Hull 746
Zonal distribution. Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran,
29418—06 M 37 '
I
578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
BLEPHARIPAPPTJS.
1. Blepharipappus glandulosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.
Layia glamhilosa Hook, it Am. But. Beech. Voy. 358. 1840.
Ti'PE i>oc.\lity: "On the plains of the Columbia in sandy soils." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens ex.\.mined: Yakima Mountains, Mrs. Steimreg; Hendersonin 1891; Rockland,
Suksilorf2S-i; Pjisco, Pi;»fr 2955; HindsKaio2\, Sunnyside, ro«on 350; junction Crab and
Wilson creeks, >Sam/6fr^ cfc Leiberg 299; Wallula, Cotton 1038.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upf)er Sonoran.
BLEPHARiPAPprs OREOANi's Grt^ene, Pitttonia 2: 247. 1892. Layia dougUisii Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1841, not CaUiglossa douglassi Hook. & Am. op. cit. 356.
Type locality: "On the gravelly islands of the Columbia Wtween the Narrows and the
Great Falls." Collected by Douglas. Not since found. We incline to the view of Dr.
Gray, that this Is merely an aberrant form of B. glandulosus Hook, with stouter and nearjy
naked pappus bristles. In other chara<"ters it can not l)e distinguished.
PTILONELLA.
1. Ptilonella Bcabra (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841.
lilejJiarijMippus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.
TiPE uxamty: "Sandy plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: R(H'k I^ake, Satutberg cfc Leiberg 119, Spokane, Wilkes Expedi-
lion; Spangle, Piper 2876; Tukanon River, Blue Mountains, Lake tfc Hull 723.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
BIDENS. Beggar ticks.
Plant aquatic ; submerged leaves capillary 3. B. beckii.
Plants tt'r rest rial.
Rays none; leaves piimately 3 to .5-divided 1. B. vulgata.
Rays conspiclious; leaves lanceolate, serrate 2. B. cemva.
1. Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia 4: 72. 1899.
Type ixk^ality- None given.
Ran(!e: Washington to New York .south to California and Virginia.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdoif 1591, 412; North Yakima,
Watt, August, 1895; Looini.ston, Elmer 611; Rock Lake, Lake Jt II all, August 3, 1892;
Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1863, Chewelah, Kreager S27; with-
out locality, Brandegee 895
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Bidens cemua L. Sp. PI. 2: 832. 175.3.
Bidens cernua elliptica Wiegand. Bull Torn Club 28: 417. 1899.
Bidens lonchophylia Greene, Pittoniu 4: 258. 1901.
Bidens macounii Greene, loc. cit.
Type locality: "HaVntat in Europa ad fontes & fossas."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador south to California and North Carolina. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Coupevillc, Gardner 148; Ilwaco, Henderson, Scptcmlx>r 7, 1892;
Tacoma, F/eMl57: Ellensburg, W^t<ei.592; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Spokane,
Piper; Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 1592; Sumas, Lyall; Spangle, Suksdorf 932; Waitsburg,
Horner 22, 333; Newport, Piper 4210; Kittitas County, Cotton 1763.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 579
Prof E. L. Greene considers that the American plants generally referred to Bidens
cernua represent not less than 13 species. The distinctions relied upon seem very slight.
The western Washington specimens apparently are all referable to B. macounii, while most
of the eastern Washington plants belong to B. lonchophylla.
One of these Washington forms was mistaken for Bidens chrysanlhemoides by Hooker,
Fl.Bor. Am. 1:314. 1834.
3. Bidens beckii Torr.; Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 135. 1821.
Megalodonta remota Greene, Pittonia 4: 272. 1901.
Type locality: Near Schenectady, New York.
Range: Washington, Manitoba, and Quebec to Missouri and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi'per in 1890; Davis Lake, Kreager 442.
Bidens dentata (Nutt.) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26 : 412. 1899. Bidens quadriaristata
dentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 368. 1841. Bidens cernua elata Torr. & Gr. Fl.
2: 352. 1842. Type locality: " Wappatoo Island, at the outlet of the Wahlamet, Oregon."
There is much doubt about the identity of this plant, which may perhaps be cleared up by
collecting new material at the type locality.
COREOPSIS.
1. Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pZ. 1376. 1830.
Calliopsis atkinsoniana Hooli. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 311. 1833.
Type locality: "Mewries [Menzies?] Island, in the river Columbia." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, To/mie; Douglas; Wcnache, Whited l\ 50; Cas-
cades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of Chelan River, Watson 217; Old Fort Colville,
Watson; Chelan Falls, Lake & Hull 748; LoomLs, Elmer 601 ; head of Grand Coulee, McKay,
25; Spokane, /ZcTwZeraon, July 9, 1892; without locality, Fasey 551; Lake Kalispcl, AVeajfer
315.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
RUDBECKIA. Cone flower.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, hispid or hirsute 1. R. hirta.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Glabrous or nearly so, somewhat glaucous; leaves entire or dentate. 2. li. occidentalis.
Pubescent; leaves mostly 3 to 5-parted toward the base 3. R. aipicola.
1. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PL 2: 907. 1753.
Type locality: "In Virginia, Canada."
Range: Saskatchewan and Canada to Colorado, Texas, and Florida. Introduced in
Washington.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 151; Tacoma, Flett 122; Snoqualmie,
Miss Parker, July, 1892.
Introduced from the eastern States.
2. Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Piiil. Soc. 7: 355. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains and woods of the Oregon, particularly in the Blue
Mountain range." Collected by Nuttall.
Range. Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Suks-
dorf 356; Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Pijyer, July 20, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Rudbeckia alpicola Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.
Type locality: Mount Stuart, Wasliiiigtoii. Collected by Elmer.
Ranue: Cascade Mountains, \\ iisiiington.
Specimens e.xamined: Mount Stuart, Elnur 1171; Sandbag ifc Leiberg 578; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1417.
BALSAMOBHIZA.
Ligulcs persisting: akenes canescent 1. B. careyana.
Ligules deciduous: akenes glabrous.
Ix'aves entire or merely dentate.
Herbage silvery-canescent : involucre woolly 2. B. sagittata.
Herbage green: involucre not woolly 3. B. delfoidea.
Leaves pinnately cleft, parted, t)r divided.
Herbage canescent; involucre puberulent to lanato 4. B. bcdsamorhiza.
Herbage green.
Leaves deltoid, usually laciniate, but varying to coareely
dentate or rarely entire; involucre more or less woolly. 5. B. terebirtthacea.
Leaves parted into numerous segments, hirsute; involucre
hirsute, rarely w(H)lly 6. .B. hirsuta.
1. Balsamorhiza careyana A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 81. 1849.
Type ukality; Idaho. "Sandy plains. Clear Water, on the K(K>sk(X)skie." Collected
by Spalding.
llAN(iE: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and perhaps adjacent Idaho.
Si'Ecimens examined. Ritzville, Sandberg it Leiberg IGG; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg,
June, 1S93; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths tt Cotton 483; Prosser to Rattlesnake Mountains.
Griffiths ct Cotton 10, Wallula, Cotton 1052; Delight, Cotton 1004; Washtucna, Cotton 976;
Prosser, Cotton 1084, 1105; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 891.
Zonal distribution: HpixT Sonoran.
This species has not since In-en found near Lapwai, Spalding's "Clearwater" locality.
It is, however, abundant on the lower parts of Snake River and the type may have there
been gathered, as some of Spalding's specimens were collected "GO miles west of Clear-
water."
2. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 350. 1840.
Buphthalmum Hagittaium Pureh, Fl. 2: 5G4. 1814.
Enptlelia sagittata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: :i8. 1834.
Espeletia helianthoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. 1834.
Balsamorhiza helianthoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 351. 1840.
Type locality: "On dry barren hills in the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis.
The exact place is Lewis and Clark Pass, Montana.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Colviile, Lyall in 18G1; Spokane County, Suksdorf 3&i; Sand-
berg cfc Leiberg 23; Spokane, Henderson, May 3, 1892, Flathead River, Wyeth; Pullman,
Elmer 828, Piper 1594; without locality, Vasey 496; Rock Creek, Cotton 961; Wenache
Mountains, Piper 2668, apparently a hybrid between deltoidea and sagittata, with which
it occurred.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 351. 1840.
Type locality: "Outlet of the Wahlamet, in wet open places," Oregon. Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island near Coupeville, 6'aA'(/7i€r 180; Lake Park, Piper,
July 27, 1895, Tacoma, Fletl 43; Vancouver, Piper 4945; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition;
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 581
Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; LecJcenby, April 22, 1896; Mount Stuart, Sandberg <fe Leiberg 573;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 1140.
The typical plant occurs only west of the Cascade Mountains, and has broad, deeply
cordate, usually crenate-dentate leaves, while in the Eastern Washington plant the leaves
are longer and narrow, entire or nearly so, and but little cordate. Perhaps two species
may be involved.
Zonal distbibdtion: Transition.
4. Balsamorhiza balsomorhiza (Hook.) Ilellor, Cat. N. A. PI. 7. 1898.
Heliopsis'i. balsamorhiza Hook Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 310. 1833.
Balsamorhiza hoolceri Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840.
Type locality : "Common on the gravelly banks of the Columbia near Fort Vancouver."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 251 , 358; Klickitat River, Sulcsdorf S59;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 568; Mill Plain near Vancouver,
Howell, June 4, 1880.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Balsamorhiza terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7:349. 1840.
Heliopsis terebinthacea Hook Fl. Bor. Am 1: 310. 1833.
Type locality: "Common at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia and in the grounds of
the interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined. Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 8C>Q, 363, 135; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 460; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 360, 362, 361; EUcnsburg, Pipe/-, May 20, 1897;
60 miles west of Clearwater Spalding.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Balsamorhiza hirsuta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil Soc 7: 349. 1840.
Type locality: "Dry plains east of Walla Walla, near the Blue Mountains, and in the
Grande Ronde prairie." Collected by Nuttall.
Range; British Columbia to Utah and California.
Specimens examined Wenache Mountains, Elmer 476; Whited 1354^; Wenache, Whited
6, 1354, Ellensburg, Piper 2718, May 20, 1897, Clcman Mountain, Henderson, June 14,
1892; Coulee City Piper 3853; Waterville Whited 1219; "Wallah Wallah," Nuttam, without
locality Vasey in 1889, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1193; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes
Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
WYETHIA.
Leaves lance-oblong, glabrous, varnished 1. W. amplexicaulis.
Leaves lanceolate, sparsely hirsute . .» 2. W. angustifolia.
1. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt Trans Am. Phil Soc. 7: 352. 1840.
Espeletia amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila 7: 38. 1834.
Type LOCALITY; "About Flat-head River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined. Columbia River latitude 46° to 49°, Lydl; White Salmon,
Suksdorf; Peeha-stin, Sandberg & Leiberg 532; Pullman, Lake & HuR 750; Piper 1595;
without locality, Vasey 497, Wenache Mountains, Griffiths <& Cotton 113.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
2. Wyethia angustifolia (IXI.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840.
Hdianthus longifohus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 312. 1834, not Pursh, 1814.
Alarconia angustifolia DC Prod. 5: 537. 1836.
582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Il€lianthi.t hookerianus DC. Priid. 6 : 59(). 1S3().
Wyetbia rohu.«la Niitt. Trans. Am. Phil. S«>c. 7: 352. 1840.
Ttl'pe uxwlity: " In California." Collected by Doughus.
Range: VVa.shington to California.
Specimens ex.amineo: VVe.st Klickitat County, SuJbsdo// 129.
ZoN.\L oistkibution: Humid Transition.
HELIANTHELLA.
1. HeUantheUa douglasii Torr. & Or. Fl. N. Am. 2: a34. 1842.
Type i,o<\i.rrv; "Common on the sulialpinc rar>go-s of the IMue Mountains." Collected
hy IX)Uglju><.
UvNciE: British Columl)ia to Idaho and Oregon.
Spe<imens ex.\.minei): Kllonslnirg, Whiltil (MiS; Wenache, Whited i/vt, 1138; Yakima
Ke<rioii, liinuiUijfe S9I; IVsha-stin, Samlhrrg d' Leihcnj ISC); witliout ItM-ality, VnKeij .Wi;
Spokane County, .S'wiWor/SG?; Pullman, Pijier 1598; Lake tfr Hull 751; Moxee, Griffiths <fc
C(riton 30.
Z<)NAi. DisTRinuTioN : Arid Transition.
IIeliantiieu^ UNinxJRA Torr. & Or. is not known definitely from Washington, but
sp«'<'imens of //. douglasii have sometimes l)een mistaken for it.
HELIANTHUS. Sunflower.
Annual ; disk flowers' dark 1 . 77. annuua.
Perennial: di.sk (lowers yellow; inv«ilucral bracts ciliate. 2. II. cusickii.
1. Helianthus annuus L. Sp. PI. 2: 904. 175:}.
Hdumthusleiitindaris I)ougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1265. 1829.
Type LOCALmr: "In Peru, Mexico."
Rance: Wasliington to Saskatchewan south to Texas and California. Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1088; Rock Island, Samlherg d' Leiberg 462;
Coulee City, IIender.<ion, July 11, 18<)2; without locality, Vaseg 499; Fresh Lake, McKay 14;
Wawawiii, Piper 1597; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894; Marcus, Kreager 462.
Zonal di.stribution: UpptT Stmoran.
2. Helianthus cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886
Type locality: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Rancje: Eastern \Va.shington and Eastern Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Morgans Ferry, iSwi-w/o?/ 368, Columbia River, fJowell; Tampico,
Flelt 1182; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 378; North Yakima, Brandegee; Henderson in 1892;
Steinweg; Watt in 1895; Yakima, Piper 1825; Leckenby.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & Gr. in Suksdorf's list is ba.s(^d on specimens that are
really II. cusickii.
JAUMEA.
1. Jaumea camosa (Less ) A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped 360. 1874.
Coinogyne camosa Less. Linnaea 6: 521. 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: Seacoasi^s, Wa.shington to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwatcr Bay, Cooper; Henderson; Whidby Island, Gardner
425, 152; Port Townsend, Edimrds in 1896;Tacoma, Fletl 102, Union City, Piper in 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPBB—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 583
EBIOPHYLLUM.
Akenes glandular 1. E. muliiflorum.
Akenes not glandular 2. E. lanatum.
1. Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 422. 1900.
Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt. Joum. Acad. Phila. 7: 35. 1834.
Bahia gracillis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 353. 1840.
Eriophyllum gracUe A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.
Type locality: "In the valleys of the RockyJ^lountains towards the sources of the
Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 905; North Yakima, Watt in 1895;
Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson 2292; Yakima Region, Brandegee 904; Ellensburg, Piper;
Whited 493; Thorp, Whited 633; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 405; White Bluffs, Suks-
dorfS72; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Ritzville, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 183; Lake Chelan, Lake
<fe Hull 802; Moses Coulee, Lake <& Hull; without locality, Vaseg 492, 493; Spokane, Piper;
Snake country, Tolmie.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
2. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 183. 1838.
Actinellalanatarursh,F\.2:5G0. 1814.
Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: t. 11G7. 1828.
Type locality: "On the highlands of the Kooskoosky." Collected by Lewis, the
exact spot opposite Kamiah, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 515; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2193;
Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; BcUingham
^&y , Henderson, July 2, 1892; Fairhaven, Piper 2802; Salmon River, Homer 340; Roslyn,
Whited AXQ; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 10, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; iMke &
Hull 801 ; Vancouver, Piper 4932.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
HULSEA.
1. Hulsea nana A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6: 76. 1855.
Type locality: "Crater Pass, Cascade Mountains, 44° 10'," Oregon. Collected by New-
berry.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2153; Allen 227; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 10, 1892; Flett 1075; SuksdorJ in 1878.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
RIGIOPAPPUS.
1. Rigiopappus leptocladus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 548. 1865.
Type locality: "Dalles of the Columbia River." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1128; foothills
Blue Mountains, Homer 142; Wawawai, Elmer 768; Piper 1780.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
CHAENACTIS.
Heads corymbose 1 . C douglasii.
Heads solitary ; alpine dwarf 2. C. nevadensis.
1. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 354. 1840.
Hymenopappus douglasii Hook. Fl, Bor. Am. 1 : 316. 1833.
584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "In the barren grounds of the Columbia from the Groat Falls to the
Rocky Mountains. " Collected by Doughis.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Walt, August, 1895; Leckenby, May 10, 1898;
Yakima., Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited 167, 1126; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
497; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg d' Leiberg 295; Soap Lake, McKay 10; Spokane,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Geyer 142; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Wawawai, Ehner 897 ; Lake &
Hull 800; Blue Mountains, Homer 347; Clarks Springs, Kreager 92; Marcus, Kreager 457.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Chaenactis nevadensis (Kellogg) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 391. 1876.
HymenojMippiis ru'irtdensis Kellogg, I'roc. Cal. Acad. 6: 46. 1873.
Type ukality: None given, but presumably the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California.
Ranoe: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Stuart, Bmn^<?pcc 906.
OAILLARDLA..
1. Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. 2: 573. 1814.
T^pe ljkai.ity: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis in Lewis and Clark Pass,
Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Toltnie: Rock Island, Sandberg cfe T^iberg 438;
Parker, Cotton 434; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 979, 191; North Yakima, Watt,
Augu.st, 1895; HeTuUrson, May 29, 1892; Wenache, Whiied 1117, June and July, 1896;
Pasco, Hindfihaw 12, lx>tween Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Jjcnm Lake,
Winston, July 20, 1897; Old Fort Colville, Watson 224; Spokane, Watson 223; Pullman,
Piper 1.599; Illia, Ixike tfc Hull 729; without locality, Vasey 501 ; Clarks Springs, Zrcoj/cr 26;
Lake Kalispel, Kreager 326.
Zonal disthibution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HYMENOPAPPUS .
1. Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833.
Type LfKALiTY: "On the uiululating arid gnnmds of the Columbia, near the Walla-
wallah and on the banks of the Spokan and Flathead rivers." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: M<)i^an.s Ferry, Suksdorf 373; Moses Lake, Sandberg <fc Leiberg
375; Walla Walla region, BramUgee 903; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1366.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
HELENIUM.
1. Helenium autumnale grandiflorum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 349. 1884.
Helenium graruUflonirn Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 384. 1840.
Type locality: " Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet."^ Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 194; Centralia, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1895; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Cascades to Colville, Zya// in 1860; Wawawai,
Piper, October, 1895; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ACHILLEA.
1. Achillea millefolium lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 196. 1901. Yarrow.
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila. 7. 36, 1834.
1 Achillea millefolium occiiUntale DC. Prod. 6: 24. 1837.
Type localify: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Wyeth.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 585
Range: British Columbia to Manitoba south to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Port Crescent, Lawrence 266; Everett, Pifer 4986; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 1606; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Smith; Allen; Tolmie; Crab
and Wilson areek'S, Sandherg & Leiherg 286; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Kamiak
Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 804; Spokane, Kreager 7.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
The form of this species which grows near the seacoast is much greener and may perhaps
better be referred to typical A. millefolium h. Alpine forms are much reduced in stature, but
we believe that none of the Washington specimens can properly ho referred to A. hnrealis
Bong.
ANTHEMIS.
Rays yellow; leaves somewhat tomentose 1. A. tinctoria.
Rays white.
Leaves glabrous, ill-scented ; rays neutral 2. A. mtula.
Leaves pubescent, not ill-scented ; rays fertile 3. vl. arvensis.
1. Anthemis tinctoria L. Sp. PI. 2: 896. 17."3.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae apricis pratis siccis."
Specimens examined: Lake Park, Pierce County, Pijxr.
2. Anthemis cotula L. Sp. PI. 2: 894. 17.53.
Maruta cotula DC. Prod. 6: 13. 1837. Mayweed.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae ruderatis praecipuo in Ucrania."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1899.
3. Anthemis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 894. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pracscrtim Surcrao agris."
Specimens examined: Olympia, i7c7w/^rson2293; West Klickitat County, Sutsfllrtr/" 139;
Fort Canby, Savage August 13, 1898.
CHRYSANTHEMUM.
Heads solitary, lai^e ; leaves pinnatifid I. C. leucanthemum.
Heads corymbed, smaller; leaves bipinnatifid 2. C. parthenium.
1. Chrysanthemumleucanthemum subpinnatifidumFcrnald,Rhodora 6: 181. 190.3.
Oxrye daisy.
The oxeyc daisy is a common weed in a few localities in western Washington. Accord-
ing to Hooker it was collected by Douglas at Fort Vancouver as early as 1825.
2. Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 462. 1807. Feverfew.
Matricaria parthenium L. Sp. PL 2: 890. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
This has been collected as a garden escape at Waitsburg by Homer, and it is reported from
west Klickitat County by Suksdorf.
MATRICARIA.
1. Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Chil) 5: 341. 1894.
Artemisia matricarioides Less. Linnaea 6: 210. 1831.
Matricaria discoidea DC. Prod. 6: 50. 1837.
Type locality: Unalaschka.
Range: Alaska to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi/jcr in 1892; Silverton, Bouck 112a; Pullman, Piper
1.588; Big Meadows, Kreager 432.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Matricaria ciiamomilla L., the garden chamomile, is reported from Klickitat County
as an escape by Suksdorf.
I586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COTULA.
1. Cotula coronopifolia L. Sp. PI. 2: 892. 1753.
Type L<XAi.irY: ' ' In .Vi'thiopia."
Range: Wn-i'.iin ;".ni (« Californiii, inJroducod from South Africa.
Speclmen.s e.\aminki»: no(|tiiarn, Lanh 122:?: Porl An.j«'l';, /*(/vr, Spptombor 1, 1895;
r?mn' in 1SS9: Tmimvi, Fleft 127: Charleston, P/>.-r, July 21, IS)"); SmUMwim], Spillninn.
Tiiis plant has hciMi ahundaii; in Icaikish marshes alon^j thf scacoitst of Washinjjtou for
twenty years or mo.-o, anil fjives one tho impression of iH'ing native.
TANACETUM.
1. Tanacetum. huronense Xutt. Cn-n. 2: 141. ISIS.
Taiuiceliim ihwjlnsii IK\ IVoii. 6: 128. 18;J7.
TvrR i/H'.\i.iTY: " Tjakc Huron near Michilimaekinaek."
R.wce: Washinjfon an 1 Orefjon on the .soaeoast, the (ir(>at Lakes, Main(> and New
Bnmswiek.
Specimens ex.vminei): Clrays llarlMtr, lAimb 1217; witliout lo(;ality, CoD/Hr; llwaco,
X<»N.\i. ni.sTRiiuTioN: Humid Transit i<m.
T.^NArETi'-M VI MiAiiE L., llie fjartleu tansy, is found (M-casi(mally lus an e.seape from
gardens.
ARTEMISIA. SAORBRU8II. Wormwood.
IlerlMU'iHMis or sufTniti^u'^'nt
.
Disk Mowers p<'rfeet hut sterile; marginal flowers pistillate.
I>'aves linear, most ly enl ire, <jlahrous 1 . A. (livnincvhidea.
Ij«'aves pinnately or hipinnately divided into narrow
1oIh*s.
Heads very numerous, small, greenish 2. A. canadensis.
Heads rather few, large, brownish; alpine 3. v4. borealis.
Disk flowers jX'rfeef, fertile: marginal flowers pistillate. *
KfH-eptaele pilo.se.
Ijeavcs silvery pubescent, the sliort .segments fdi-
form 1 . . . 4. A. frigida.
Ijeaves not silvery, the sf^ments oblong or oblong-
linear 17. A. nhftinthium.
Receptacle not pilose.
Jjcaves green, finely dissected into linear segments.
Biennial; heads small, in leafy panicles 5. A. biennin.
Perennial ; heads few, large 0. A. hngepedunculata.
Ijeaves white beneath, not finely dis.scO.ted.
Involucre persistently white tomentose.
Leaves not glandular puncticulate 7. yl. hidmnciana.
Tjcaves puncticulate with scattered gland-
ular dots 8. A. atomifera.
Involucre green, glabrous or pubescent; not
tomentose.
Heads campanulate.
Leaves pinnately or hipinnately di-
vided into narrow segments 10. .4. discolor.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or
more or less laciniately cleft.
Stem about 1 m. high; leaves
persistent ly tomen t o s c b c -
neath; involucre green 9. ^. tihsii.
-PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 587
Stems 30 to 60 cm., slender;
leaves very narrow; involucre
fuscous 11. vl. limUeyana.
Heads cylindric; leaves lanceolate-oblong,
sparingly cleft or entire 12. A. suksdotjii.
Shrubs; flowers all perfect and fertile.
Tall, .5 to 2 m. high; leaves mostly 3-toothed 13. ^. tridentata.
Less tall, 30 to 60 cm. higli; leaves lobed cleft or parted.
Leaves 3 to .5-lobed, the lobes cuneate-obovate 14. A. arhiscida.
Leaves 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the lobes linear.
Panicle spike-like, the beads mostly solitary in the
axils of ordinary leaves IT). A. rirjida.
Panicle thyrsoid ; heads clustered 16. A. tiijmrtita.
1. Artemisia dracunculoide^ Pursh, Fl. 2: 521. 1814.
Artemisia cernua Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818.
Artemisia inodora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1833.
TvPE locality: "On the Missouri." Collected by Lewis; tiie exact place near the
mouth of White River, Lyman Co., S. Dak.
Range: British Columbia to Sashatchewan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, »S'?/A-.sWo// KiOi); Wemurhe, Whitcd 1337;
North Yakima, Ilemlerson, October 5, 1892; Peshastin, Sarulberg tO Leiherfj 829; Loomis,
Elmer 598; Spokane, Piper, August, 1893; Sandbery, Heller, <fc McDougal 908; Wawawai,
Piper 1587.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
2. Artemisia canadensis Michx. Fl. 2: 128. 1804.
?Artemisia pacifica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 401. 1841.
Type locality: Hudson Bay.
Ranoe: Washington to Hudson Bay, .south to New England and in (he Rocky Moun-
tains to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 164; Skamania Counly, Siiksdorf (W.);
Wenatchce, Whited 29.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Artemisia borealis wormskioldii Bcsser, Dracunc. 83. 1832.
Type ix)cality: "In rupibus sinus Kabssund Groeiilandiae."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fleit, July 20, 1897; Mount Rainier, Flett,
August 27, 1896.
4. Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1838. 1803.
Type locality: "DauQriae."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and Texas.
Specimens examined: "Interior Oregon," i. e. Washington, Cooper in 1853; Colville
Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 362.
5. Artemisia biennis Willd. Sp. PI. 3-': 1842. 1803.
Type locality: " Nova Zelandia ? "
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 545; Colton, Piper 2660.
6. Artemisia longepedunculata Rudolphi, Nov. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 3: 77. 1834.
Artemisia norvegica padfica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 371. 1884.
Type locality: "In Siberia ulteriori."
Range: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 705.
588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818.
Artemi^a gnaphalodes Nutt. loo. cit.
Artemisia diversifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.
Type localitt: "On the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis; also on the alluvial
plains of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Michigan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, iMke tf- Hull, Augftist 12, 1892; Wenaehe, Whited
1338, 11; Yakima, Wafi, August, 1895; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg cfe
jyiherg 337; Sprague, Lake rfr Jlxdl 725; Spokane, Pifer 3519; KInier 8(>7; Pullman,
Pijwr l.'xSf); Salmon River, Homer 342; Rock Lake, Lake cf Hull 724; Coulee City, Uke
d' Hull, August, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf lOlO; Topp<>nisii, Cotton 778;
Ellensburg, Elmer 378; Ijake Chelan, Gorman 679; Sheep Springs, I^iherg 944; Walla
Walla, Wilkes KxpediHon 944; Fort Colville, Watson 227; Blue Mountains, Homer 290;
without locality, Vaseij 479, 482; Stpiaw Creek, Cotton 807.
Zonal nisTitiBi'TioN: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
An exceedingly common species prest^nting great variability as to leaf contour and
pulH'sc*»nce. Several such forms have lH»en considered species or subspecies, n disposition
which scctns to U8 entirely artificial. The plant is often called " white sage."
8. Artemisia atomifera sp. nov.
Cespitose, often in large clumps; stems sufTruteaccnt, mostly simple up to the inflores-
cence, 00 to 120 cm. high, coarsely striate, canescent or glabrafe; loaves numerous, sub-
sessile, firm, and rather rigid, green and nearly glabrous alnne, .speckled with numerous
white resinous atoms, closely white-tomentase beneath, excessively variable as to form,
either all lanceolate and entire or all dentate or laoiniate, or the larger ones 5 to 7-pinnately
divided with narrow IoIh>s, usually the upper ones entire, the lower variously dentate or
lol>ed, connnonly 2 to cm. long; panicle oblong or somewhat pyramidal, 10 to 20 cm. long,
more or less leafy-bracted, the heads glomerate or spicate on the »x.sconding branches;
involucre campanulate, cane-scently tomentose, mo^^ or less atomifcrous like the leaves, 2
to 4 cm. high; bnicts alM>ut 10, ovate, obtuse; flowers 10 to 25 in each head; mature
akenes linear-oblong, glabrous, destitute of pappus.
A .species with the habit and appearance of A. hidomciana Nutt., to which it is cl sely
allied, but apparently well marked by the peculiar atomifcrous character of the upper leaf
surface. The odor is decidedly more pungent than that of A. huhricinna. I have never
met the species except in Snake River canyon at Wawawai and Almota.
Tlie typo, in the U. S. National Herbarium, is my no. 04(Ki from Wawawai, a good series
of which shows the variability of the foliage. Other specimens were collected at Wawawai
July 19, 1892, and at Almota under no. 232L
9. Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 6: 568. 1815.
.
Artemisia tilesii elatior Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 422. 1843.
Artemisia arachnmdea Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. 1903.
Type locality: "Hab. in Kamtschatka."
Range: Al&ska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1199; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy cfe
Brandegee 115, 469; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 871; Lake Chelan, Lake cfe Hidl,
August 24, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Cushman, Piper, August,
1895; Peshastin, Sandherg cfe Leiberg 492; Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1890; near Van-
couver, Sheldon 11284.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
The type of A. arachnoidea Sheldon seems to me only a form of this variable species.
10. Artemisia discolor Dougl.; DC. Prod. 6: 109. 1837.
?Artemisia michauxiann Hossor, Ahrot. 71. 1834. "Ad fluv. Columbiam. Douglas."
Artemisia stenoloba Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 432. 1900.
IPIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 589
Type locality: '' In America bor. ad Rocky Mountains, prope Spokan et Kettle Falls."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains to
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 35; Yakima
County, Brandegee; Loomis, Elmer 589; Box Canyon, Kreager 388.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
11. Artemisia lindleyana Besser; Hook. Fl. 1: 322. 1834, and Abrot. 35. 1834.
Type locality: " Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf \9Z, 1611; banks of Columbia
at Alder Creek, Brandegee 908; Pasco, Henderson; Bingen, Pifer 6450.
Along with the original description of the species, Besser describes four subspecies based
wholly on leaf contour, which character in this group we consider worthless. Besser's sub-
species are named legitima, brevifolia, suhdentata, and coronopus.
12. Artemisia stiksdorfii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901.
Artemisia vulgaris littoralis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900, not A. litto-
ralis Retz.
Type locality: Fairhaven, Washington.
Range: Seacoast, British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3976; Fairhaven, Piper 2808; Henderson
in 1892; Seattle, Piper; Chuckanut Bay, Suksdorf 980.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Common sagebrush.
TiPE locality: "Plains of the Oregon and Lewis River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and eastern California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenbij; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 72; plains of the Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; Okanogan, Cooper in 1853;
Wenache, Whited 1332; Vashast'in, Sandberg <& Leiberg 470; Rattlesnake Mountains, Z)«n7i,
September 10, 1902; Moses Coulee, Lake cfe Hull 717; Chelan, Elmer 850; without locality,
Va^ey 480.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
For illustrations of Artemisia tridentata see Plates IV and VI, facing pages 25 and 36.
14. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Type locality: "On the arid plains of upper California, on Lewis River."
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Wfated 861 , Cotton 1795, 1796.
Two specimens collected by Cotton in the Wenache Mountains, uos. 1565 and 1798,
represent a plant intermediate in characters between A. arbuscula and A. tridentata, and
this is said to occupy a belt above the latter and below the former. It is probably an
undescribed species, but better material is needed.
15. Artemisia rigida A. Gray (Nutt.) Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 49. 1884.
SCABLANU sagebrush.
Artemisia trifida rigida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Type locality: "The plains of Lewis River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Idaho, eastern Washington, and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 72; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Leckenby; Wenache, Whited 1332; Chelan, Elmer 850; Moses Coulee, Lake d: Hull
717; Okanogan County, Cooper in 1853; Peshastin, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 470; plains of
Columbia and Lewis rivei-s, Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 480; Rock Creek, Cotton 966;
Wawawai, Piper 3814, 3815; Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1564.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
16. Artemisia tripartita Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432. 1900.
Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841, not Turcz. 18:J2.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whked 1339; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 482;
Okanogan River, Cooper; near Deep Creek Falls, Watson 229; Columbia and Lewis River
Plains, Nuttall; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1793.
Zonal distribition: Arid Transition.
17. Artemisia absinthium L. Sp. PI. 2: 848. 1753. Wormwood.
Type locality: European.
Speclmens examined: I'ullnmn, 5»r7i^/H, August 6, 1901; Piper, August, 1903.
This species seems to l)e spreading rapidly.
Artemisia richardsoniana Besser does not occur in Washington, the "Mt. Rainier
Tolmie " specimen of the Synoptical Flora having n>ally been collected «n the "E. side Rky.
Mts., Burke," as noted by Dr. Gray on the sheet in the Gray Herbarium.
TETRADYMIA.
1. Tetradymia canescens DC. Prod. 6: 440. 1837.
T\PE iawality: "Ad Columbia River. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 400; Wenadie, Whited 16(5; upper Naches
\W\vr, Henderson, 3\mo 3,1892; Klickitat County, Howell; Wilbur, Henderson, July 17,
1892; Wilson Creok, Samlberg cfc Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Lake cfe Hull 731 ; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandherg c& Leiberg 247; Spokane, Samlberg, Heller, & MacDougal 930;
Palou.se River, Lyall ; without locality, Vasey 543; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 695.
Zonal distribution: Upp<'r Sonoran.
ARNICA.
Basal leavra cordate, long-petioled.
Heads rayless; herbage villous and vi.scid 1. A. discoidea.
Heads radiate.
Hci bage pulx'sccnt, the stems liirsutc or villous 2. A. cordifolia.
Herbage glabrous.
Akenes atomiferous-glandular; leaves often similarly
glandular on both sides 3. ^4. gracilis.
Akenes glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves large, usually dentate, thin 4. A. latifolia.
Leaves small, crenate-dcntate, firm 5. A. betonicaefolia.
Basal leaver not cordate, short-petioled.
Heads rayless 6. A. parryi.
Heads radiate.
Leaves dentate or denticulate, mostly ratiicr broad.
Pappus whitish, barbellatc.
Herbage viscid-glandular, upper leaves much re-
duced.
Stems with conn-like base, this covered with
a reddish tomentum 7. A. pedunculata.
Stems from horizontal rootstocks 8. A.fvlgens.
Herbage atomiferous-glandular or glandless; up-
per leaves but little reduced 9. A. aurantiaca.
Pappus fuscous, subplumose.
Upper surface of leaves glabrous, sticky.
Stem leaves ovate or ovate-oblong 10. A. amplexicaulis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 591
Stem leaves lanceolate or lance-obloiig 11. A. macounii.
Upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Pubescence sparse, pilose 12. A. aspera.
Pubescence dense, short 13. A. mollis.
Leaves subentire, rarely lanceolate.
Herbage white-tomentose 14. A. cana.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so 15. A. longifolia.
1. Arnica discoidea Benth. PI. Hartw. 319. 1849.
Arnica cordifolia eradiata Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 381. 1884.
Type locality: Monterey, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SwArs^Zor/" 1617, 565.
2. Arnica cordifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.
Arnica macrophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 407. 1841.
Type locality: "Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains on the east side. " Collected by
Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 139; Mount Adams, Flett 1103;
Clealum, Whited 621; near Wen&chc, Whited 91, 1101; Eaton, //e?w/e/son, June 11, 1892;
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandbenj d' Leiherg 42; Kamiak Butte,
Moore, June 4, 1893; Piper, July 20, 1899.; without locality, Vasey 535; Lake Kalispel,
Kreager 351
.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
3. Arnica graciUs Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.
Arnica multijiora Greene, Pittonia 4: 162. 1900.
Type locality: Spanish Peaks, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, IaiihI) 1306; Mount Steele, Piper 2203; Loomis,
Elmer, August, 1879; Na.son Creek, Saiulberg cfc Lnberg ()S2; Mount Adams, Suksdoif, Sep-
tember 17, 1883.
4. Arnica latifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 147. 1832.
Arnica menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pi/^er 2205, 1072, Cascade Mountains, 49°,
Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2143 and Augu.st, 1895; Flett 247: Mount Stuart, Klmer
1165; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 195, Flett 1080, upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 138; Silverton, Bouck 106; Yakima Region, Brandegee 913; Skagit
Pass, Lake cfc Hull 737; Stevens Pass, Whited 1462.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
5. Arnica betonicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 163. 1900.
Type locality; "At 6000 to 7000 feet on slopes of Mount Steele of tiie Olympic
Mountains.
"
Range. Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lnrnh 1306, Mount Steele, Piper 2202, Mount
Storm King, Lawrence 349.
Zonal distribution . Arctic.
This species is closely allied to A. lattfolia Bong., and may prove to be nothing but a
reduced alpine form of it
6 Arnica parryi A Gray Am. Nat. 8. 213. 1874.
Type locality. Colorado. Collected by Parry.
592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ranuk: Washington and Oregon to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, F/e// 130; Mount Rainier, Piper 2159; Goat
Mountain, Allen 137; Mount Adams, Sttksdorf 566; Howell; Loomis, Elmer 582; witliout
locality, Vasey 536; Wcnache Mountains, Cotton 1653.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
,
7. Amica pedunculata Rydbei^, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.
Arnica monocephala Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 435. 1900.
Type locality: Spanish Basin, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mountains north of Eliensburg, Whited 719; Wenacho Moun-
tains, Whited 1137: Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1901; Rock Lake, Sandberg d: Leiberg 103;
Pullman, Piper 1578; Elmer 875; Spokane, Dewart.
This species is in habit just like the plant referred lo A. fulgens Pursh, but that has
horizontal rootstocks, while this has a cormose base covered with pale reddish tomentum.
This dilTerence may not prove constant, and needs further examinalion in the field. Both
the species here mentioned have been referred to ..4. alpina Olin, which, in its typical form at
least, dcx^s not occur in Washington.
8. Amica fulgens Pursh, Fi. 2: 527. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Republic, Beattie c£* Chapman 264; Goat Mountains, Allen 229;
Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wenas and Umtanum creeks, Cotton 1148;
Eliensburg, Piper 2677; Whited 542, 649; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Sprague, Hender-
«on 2279; Waitsburg, Horner 598; Pullman, Piper, June 13, 1894.
Zonal DiSTRiBtnioN. Arid Transition.
9. Amica aurantiaca Ciieene, Toireya 1:42. 1901.
Type locality. "At the head of Keystone Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, at
about 7,(XX) feet." Collected by Cusick. August, 1900.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 229
10. Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 408. 1841.
Arnica amplexifoliua Rydbeig, Mem. N. Y. Bot Gard. 1: 434. 1900 (February 15).
Type locality: "On the rocks of the Wahlamct at the Falls," Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4962, 500{); Olympic Mountains, Piper 2204;
Fletl 818;. Mount Rainier, Allen 285a; Skagit Pass, Lake tfe Hull 738.
11. Amica macounii Greene, Pittonia 4: 160. 1900 (December 8).
Type locality: " Near Coinox, Vancouver Island."
Specimens examined: Skokomisli River, Piper 1074; Coast Mountains, Cooper; Cas-
cade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; White Salmon, Sukudorf 2%; Lake Cushman, Kincaid,
June 15, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1194;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 672; Lake Wcnache, Sandberg <& Leiberg 633.
This species differs from A. amplexicavlis only in its narrow leaves, a character far from
constant.
12. Amica aspera Greene, Ottawa Nat. 16: 281. 1902.
Type locality: Mount Rianier. Collected by Greene.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Greene, August 20, 1889.
This species is closely allied to the Alaskan A. chamissonis Less., but the pubescence is
much harsher.
13. Amica mollis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1839.
Type locality: "Alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south California, and Colorado.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 593
SppciMENS examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 285; Piper 2139; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
567; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 567; Yakima County, //eTwier-
son 2298; Yakima Region, firarw/ejree 912; Mount Stuart, £'/mer 1164, 1163; Cascade Moun-
tains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull 736; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
725; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
Most of the above specimens were distributed as A. chamissonis Less., a species which
apparently does not reach our limits.
14. Arnica cana Greene, Ottawa Nat. 16: 282. 1902.
Arnica foliosa incaiM Gr&y, Bot. Cal. 1: 416. 1876.
Arnica incana Greene, Pittonia 4: 169. 1900, not A. incana Pers. 1807.
Type locality: Lake Tahoe, California.
Rancje: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 139; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1878; Big Klickitat River, Henderson in 1892.
15. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton in Wats. -Bot. King. Explor. 186. 1871.
Type locality: "Clover Mts." Nevada.
Range: Washington? and Idaho to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 5G8, a somewhat doubtful specimen,
the akenes hairy as well as glandular.
The above treatment of the Washington species of Arnica is far from satisfactory. It
is probable that further study in the field will compel the recognition of a larger number
of species. Collectors should secure large series of specimens and note carefully which
characters are constant and which are due to differences in environment.
PETASITES.
Alpine plant; leaves ovate or oblong, 5 to 7-lobed, 5 to'lO cm. long 3. P.frigida.
Lowland plants.
Leaves broadly sagittate, very coarsely dentate I. P. dentata.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, 7 to 11-cleft, very large, often 30 cm. or more
broad 2. P. speciosa.
1. Fetasites dentata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 64. 1905.
Type locality: "The common Rocky Mountain species."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay south to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Pend Oreille River, Lyall
in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
This species has been generally confused with the entire leaved P. sagittata Pursh of
the Hudson Bay region.
2. Fetasites speciosa (Nutt.) Piper, Mazama 2: 97. 1901.
Nardosmia speciosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840.
Type locality: ''Shady forests of the Oregon and Wahlamet by streams." Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 123; Silverton, Bouck 104;
Tacoma, Flett 201; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 54; Larm River, Suksdorf 140;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1341.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species is entirely different from the eastern P. palmata (Ait.) Gray, with which
authors have confused it.
29418—06 M 38
594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Petasite3 frig^da (L.) Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. 182. 1846.
Tusdlagofrirfida L. Sp. PI. 2: 865. 1753.
Petasites nhxilis Greeno, Pittoiiia 2: 18. 1889.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpium Lapponiae, Hclvetiae, Siberiac convallibus."
Range: Alaska to Washington and Lake Sup<>rior. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1356; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2190; Mount
Rainier, Smith in 1889; Piper in 1890; Skagit Pass, Lake <fc Hull 803; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg <£• Leibery 783.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
CACALIOPSIS.
1. Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata Pipt>r, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 222. 1902.
Type ixhamty: Klickitat County, WashingtoiL Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens e.\a.mined: Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf'in 1883; Klickitat River, Flett 1104;
Simcoi' Mountains, Howell; near Wenache, Whited 1136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
564; Roslyn, Whited 425; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1271.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
LTJINA.
1. Luina hypoleuca Benth.; Hook. Ic. PI. 12: 36. /. 1139. 1873.
Type ixm:ality: "Amongst rocks, Cascade Mountain.s, Lake Chilukweyuk, " Washington.
Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cas<-ade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lgall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2151, 352; Flett 246; Goat Mountain, Allen 31;
Skokom!sh River, Kincaid, June 14, 1892; Silverton, Bouck; Yakima County, Brandegee;
Steven:5 Vass, Sandberg <fc Leiberg 784; 3I:?git Pass, Lake cfe Hull 805; Stampede Pass,
Henderson, June 26, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 687; without locality, Vasey 540; Mount
Storm King, Lawrence 325.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
RAINIERA.
1. Bainiera stricta Greene, Pittonia 3: 291. 1898.
Prenanihes nlricta Greene, Pittonia 2: 21. 1889.
Luina piperi Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 43. t 6. 1891.
Psacalium strictum Greene, Pittonia 2: 228. 1892.
Type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington.
Range: Ca.scade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Goat Mountains, AUen, 140;
Flett 2140; neaf Mount Adam.s, Henderson 2320; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
CROCIDnJM.
1. Crocidium multicaule Hook. Fl. Bor. Am 1: 335. 1833.
Type locality: "About Fort Vancouver," Washington.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 183; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma,
Flett 79; Eilensburg, Whited 262; near Ellensburg, Whited 64; foothills Blue Mountains,
Horner 165; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 595
SENECIO.
Annual; calyciilate bracts of the involucre several, short, closely
appressed, distinctly black-tipped 1. S. vulgaris.
Biennials or perennials; calyculate bracts of the involucre few,
not closely appressed, slightly or not at all black-tipped
(except in S. lugens).
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid.
Stems mostly leafy; leaves all pinnatifid or the lower-
most undivided and orbicular; pubescence if any
crisp-hairy, not woolly.
Leafy to the inflorescence; leaves thin 2. 8. harfordii.
Leafy at the base, naked above; leaves thick.. . 3. S.JleUii.
Stems leafy below, the upper leaves much reduced,
mostly pinnatifid or pinnatisect
;
pubescence if any
white woolly.
Herbage densely white woolly or floccose
;
pubes-
cence usually persistent.
Pubescence persistent except in S. fastigi-
alus; leaves 1 to 2 cm. broad.
Petioles of the basal leaves usually
shorter than the blades 12. S. canus.
Petioles of the basal leaves usually ex-
ceeding the blades.
Leaves entire to pinnate-lobed ; up-
per leaf surface usually perma-
nently woolly 13. S. howellii.
Leaves entire or dentate; upper
leaf-surface often glabrate 14. S. fastigiatus.
Pubescence floccose, more or less evanescent
;
leaves 1 to 5 cm. broad.
Involucral bracts and bractlets not
conspicuously black-tipped 15. S. dmeri.
Involucral bracts and bractlets conspic-
uously black tipped 16. S. lugens.
Herbage not densely lanate nor floccose; pubes-
cence confined chiefly to the base of the stems
and the leaf-axils.
Heads discoid (except in subspecies /oZZoa;). 4. S. paudjlorus.
Heads radiate.
Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; heads usually
solitary.
Cauline leaves much reduced,
bract-hke 5. S. subnvdus.
Cauline leaves when present broad
and subamplexicaul, closely pec-
tinate 6 S. ovinus.
Stems 30 to 70 cm. high; heads several
to many.
Leaves thin in texture, the lower
distinctly ovate 7 S. 'pseudaureus.
Leaves thick in texture the lower
not ovate.
Akenes hispidulous on the
angles U.S. bcdsamitae,.
596 CONTRIBUTIONS FKOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Akenes glabrous.
Basal loaves obovate or
oblanoeolate, dentate
only toward the apex. . 9. jS. cymbalarioides.
Basal leaves crenate-
dentate from the base
to apex or subentirc.
Glabrous; basal
leaves nearly quad-
rangular, sinuate,
dentate or entire. 10. S. Jraiemus.
I
More or less pubes-
cent, especially in
the leaf axils;
leaves often cune-
ata at liase 8. S. adamsi.
Leaves not at all pinnate nor pinnatiKd.
Kootstwk woody: stems low; leaves small, thick 26. S. ductoris.
Rootsto<'k none or not woody; stems tall; leaves, at
least the basal ones, large.
Stems tall, clustered, leafy to the inflorescence.
Leaves triangular-lanceolate, petiolato,
coarsely dentate 24. S. triangularis.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile
Margin of leaves evenly serrate 25. S. serra.
Margin of leaves entire 25a. S. serra lanceoUUus.
Stems usually solitary; leaves mostly basal,
the cauline much reduced.
Herbage wholly glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, quite fleshy, mostly
entire 17. S. hydrophilus.
Leaves not glaucous, mostly dentate.
Bracts of the involucre 6 to 7 mm.
long, stramineous IH. S. hydrophiloides.
Bracts of the involucre 7 to 8 mm.
long, brownish 19. S. foetidus.
Herbage more or less puliescent with long
jointed somewhat intermixed hairs.
Heads discoid 20. S. vaseyi.
Heads radiate.
Heads 8 to 10 mm high in an-
thesis; bracts of the involucre
usually 13, from 5 to 7 mm.
long 21. S. exaltatus.
Heads 10 to 12 mm. high in an-
thesis; bracts of the involucre
about 21, from 6.5 to 8.5 mm.
long.
Inflorescence open 22. S. atriapiculatus
Inflorescence dense 23. S. condensatus.
1. Senecio vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 2. 867. 1753. Groundsel.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, June 2, 1894; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Lower
Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29, 1886.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 597
2. Senecio harfordii Greenman, sp. nov.
Glabrous or essentially so throughout; stem erect or ascending from a slender rootstock,
2 to 5 dm. high, somewhat glaucous, usually leafy; leaves mostly pinnately divided, with
irregularly lobed divisions, and these in turn dentate, including the petiole 4 to 14 cm.
long, 1 to 5 cm. broad, thin in texture, and drying pale green; the lowermost leaves often
undivided, rotund and crenately lobed; uppermost leaves epetiolate: inflorescence a ter-
minal corymbose cyme, few to many- (2 to 30-) headed; heads mostly less than 1 cm. high,
including the rays 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; involucre shorter than the flowers of the disk;
bracts of the involucre about 13, narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, acuminate, acute,
glabrose; ray-flowers commonly 5; rays bright yellow; disk flowers 18 to 25; achenes 2.5 to
3.5 mm. long, glabrous.
Oregon: Rocky high lands. Cascade Mountains, May 31, 1869, W. G. W. Harford cfc
Geo. W. Dunn 540 (hb. Gray), type; Rooster Rock, June, 1877, J. Howell (hb. Gray, and
hb. Field Mus.); rocky banks of Columbia River, western Oregon, June, 1880, Thomas J
Howell (hb. Field Mus.); Bonneville, Multnomah County, July 17, 1885, W . N. Suksdorf
572 (hb. Gray); Multnomah Falls, July 27, 1902, E. P. Sheldon 11004 (hb. Gray), and at
the same locality, June 25, 1904, C. V. Piper 6212 (hb. Gray).
Washington: On mountains near the Lower Cascades, May 29, 1886, W. N. Suksdorf
(hb. Gray); in woods. Lower Cascades, May 29, 1887, W. N. Suksdorf 872 (hb. Gray),
south of Mount Adams, August 4, 1887, J. B. Fleit 1087 (hb. Piper). Difl'ers from S.
bolanderi A. Gray in being essentially glabrous throughout, in having somewhat thmner
leaf texture, a shorter involucre with fewer involucral bracts and fewer flowers.
3. Senecio flettii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 137. 1899.
Type locality: "Near the headwaters of the Quilcene River, Olympic Mountains."
Collected by Flett.
Range: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 801; Elmer 2620; Mount Steele, Piper
2196, 929.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Senecio pauciflorus Pursh, Fl. 2: 529. 1814.
Type locality: "In Labrador."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Labrador.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2312; Big Meadows, Kreager 428-
Deming, Flett 852 in part.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
4a. Senecio pauciflorus fallax Greenman, subsp. nov.
Stem erect, about 5 dm. high; lower stem-leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm broad,
pinnately parted with deep broad sinuses between the lateral divisions, blackish or dark
green in the dried state; segments narrowly oblong to subovate, obtusely toothed; upper
leaves reduced to mere bracts; inflorescence cymose, few-headed; heads 8 to 10 mm. high,
radiate, involucre campanulate; bracts of the involucre 18 to 21, linear acute, 6 to 8 mm.
long, slightly purplish-tipped, glabrous, ray-flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow; disk-flowers 50
to 60, achenes glabrous.
Washington: Roadside in partial shade, Deming, Whatcom County, June 30, 1898, J. B.
Fiett, no. 852 in part (type in hb. Piper, fragment and tracing in hb Gray).
The subspecies /a//aa: is readily separated from D. pseudaureus on the characters of the
foliage.
5. Senecio subnudus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.
Senecio aureus subnudus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1'^: 391. 1884.
Type locality. "Ad Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range. Washington and Montana to California.
598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Adams, Henderson 2308; Yakima region, Brandegee
915; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2167.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
6. Senecio ovinus Greene, Pittonia 4: 110. 1900.
Type locality: "On Sheep Mountain, Alberta."
Range: Washington, Montana, and All»erta.
Specimens e.xahined: North Fork of Bridge Cre«k, ff/mer, August, 1897; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake tfe Hull, August 24, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Senecio pseudaureus RydlxTg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 298. 1897.
Type loc^ality: Little Belt Mountains, Montana
Range: Washington to Nevada and Colorado
Specimens e.xamined. Caseade Mountain.s, 49°. Lyall in 1860, Mount Adams, Suksdorf
570, Falcon Valley. Suksdorf 57\, without kx-ality Brandegee 917, Ellensburg, Elmer 431;
Whiled 442; Lake Keechehis, Henderson in 1892; without locality, Fasey in 1889; Fort
Okanogan, Wdkes Expedition 971
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
8. Senecio adamsi Howell, Fl. N W. Am, 379. 1900.
Type ix)cality .Mount Adams, Washington
Range. Known only Irom .Mount Adams
Specimens examined .Mount .\dams, Suksdorf 73, Henderson 2309; Flett 1093.
Zonal distribution Arctic
9. Senecio cymbsdarioides .\utt Trans Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 412. 1841.
Type lchai.ity. "In Oregon"
Range. Washington to Athabasca and Utah
Specimens examined Ca.scade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Chapac^, Elmer
592; Pinyon Creek, Gorman 809, T<venty-five Mile Creek, Gorman 810.
10. Senecio fratemus sp. nov
Perennial, glabrous throughout, the several more or less flexuous stems erect or nearly so,
arising from a stout caudex, stems about 30 cm high, somewhat coarsely striate, basal
leaves thickish, somewhat quadrangular, sulwntire or with 7 to 11 coarse sinuations, 2 to
3 cm. long, the blade abruptly contracted to a narrowly-margined petiole about twice as
long, cauline leaves al)out 6 spatulate-oblanceolate to oblong, beeoming smaller niui lobed
upward, sessile or nearly so, the lateral 1oIk>s 4 to 8, oblong-linear, obtase. heads 8 to 12
in a rather close or convex cymose cluster, only the lower elongated rays branched, invo-
lucre somewhat turbinate, of from 11 to 13 linear-lanceolate acutish bracts 6 to 7 mm long,
with a few calyculate ones at base, rays few, bright yellow, oblong, 7 mm long, florets 15
to 20, akenes glabrous
Collected on Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington, by Sandberg & Leibeig, no.
553, July 24, 1893, at an altitude ol 1,060 meters. The type specimen is in the United
States National Herbarium. numl)ered 285758
The species is somewhat intermediate between <S cymbtUanoides Mutt and S. adamsi
Howell.
11. Senecio balsamitae Muhl
,
Willd. Sp. PI 3: 1998 1803.
Type locality- "In America boreali "
Range: British Columbia and Wa.shington to Quebec and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined Colville Reservation, Gnffitks dk Cotton 366, Republic, Beattie <&
Chapman2256, Wenache, Whiled 1096, Pasco, Hindshaw S.
Zonal distribution Transition.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 599
12. Senecio canus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1833.
Type locality: "Banks of the Saskatchewan, rare." Collected by Dniininoncl.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1S60.
13. Senecio howeUii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 98. 1881.
Type locality: "On the upper Columbia River in Oregon." Collected by Howell.
The label of the type collection reads "Columbia River opposite the mouth of the Des
Chutes."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Wldted 1142; Rock Island, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 457;
Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane County,
SvJcadorf 27a ; Spokane, //enrferaon. May 31, 1892; Piper 2267; Hangman Creek, SvkfidorJ
934; Clarks Springs, Kreager 98; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1249; Whited 1361; eastern
Washington, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This was listed by Torroy in the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition as i9. aureus borealis.
14. Senecio fastigiatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.
Senecio spatuliformis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 552. 1899.
Type locality: "The plains of Oregon, near the Wahlamet." Collected l)y Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper, July 20, 1890; Yelm, Smith 538; Clarke
County, Henderson; Elma, Heller 4061; Mill Plain, J. Howell, June, 1877; Mount Consti-
tution, Flett 2734.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14a. Senecio fastigiatus macounii (Greene) Grecnman.
Senecio macounii Greene, Pittonia 3: 169. 1897.
Type locality: Mount Benson, Vancouver Island.
Range: Vancouver Island and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Flett 2730, 2743; Valley of the Columbia
River, Lyall in 1860.
15. Senecio elmeri Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.
Senecio crepidineus Greene, Ottawa Nat. 16: 250. 1902.
Type locality: "On gravelly moraines at the head of North Fork of Bridge Creek,
Okanogan County," Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 920, 985; Bridge Creek, Elmer 715;
Mount Stewart, Elmer 1200.
16. Senecio lugens Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 748. 1823.
Type locality: "At Bloody Fall, where the Esquimaux weie dest:oyed by the Nortl;-
ern Indians that accompanied Hearne, whence tl e .specific name." This place is on the
Coppermine River in Yukon.
Range: Yukon to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fletl 95, 800.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
17. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841.
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountains by Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the West."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Kreager 556; Elmer 863; Piper 2382; Falcon Valley,
Siiksdorf 419; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
2k>NAL distribution: Arid Tran.sition and Canadian.
/
600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Senecio hydrophiloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 441. 1900.''
Type locality: Idaho.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Pijyer, July 2, 1806; Spokane County, iS'i/^Wor/" 370;
Ramm, July, 1883; Clarks Springs, Kreager 5.5; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 5, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
19. Senecio foetidus Howell, FI. N. W. Am. 1: 377. 1900.
Type locality: Klickitat Valley, Washington.
Range: Known only from the type localitj'.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, lloimU 224.
20. Senecio vaseyi Greenman, sp. nov.
An herbaceous perennial, more or U>ss pube.scent throughout with jointed crisp hirsutish
hairs, later glabrate; stem erect, 4 to 7 cm. high, simple; leaves elliptic-ovate to lanceolate,
5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. broad, acute or obtuse, enti«> or inconspicuously denticulate,
narrowed at the base into a winged petiole; the uppt^r leaves remote, lanceolate from a
.sessile sulx-lasping base; inflorescence a simple or compound corymbose cyme; heads
medium-.sized, 10 to 12 mm. high, discoid; involucre campanulate, sparingly bracteolate;
bracts of the involucre 12 to 18, linear-lanceolate, acute, black-tippod ; achenes glabrous.
Washington: without definite locality, coll. of 1889, G. R. Vamj, no. 568 (hb. Gray); in
and near the Ca-scade Mountains of Kittitas, Chelan, and King counties, coll. of 1889, G. R.
Vasey, without numWr (hb. Pip<'r); Klickitat River, Cascade Mountains, August 3, 1892,
L. F. Jhnderson (hb. Piper); Chewaukum, Whited 2532; Spipen [Nnchcs] River to Colum-
bia River, W dices Expedition. California: Mount Shasta, altitude 7,500 feet, Augu.st 23,
1881, C. G. Pringle, no. 6 (hb. Gray and hb. Field Mus.); Lassens Peak, coll. of 1875,
J. G. Lemmon (hb. Gray).
21. Senecio exaltatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.
Type locality: "The plains of the Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1608; upper Atanum River, Henderson 2311.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
21a. Senecio exaltatus ochraceus nom. nov.
Senecio cordatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841, not Koch, 1834.
Senecio lugens ochrolencus A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1^: 388. 1884, not S. ochroleucus Hook. &
Arn. 1841.
Type locality: "Near the outlet of the Wahlamet."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flelt 2167; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23;
Howell in 1879; Goat Mountain, Allen 230; High Prairie, Klickitat County, SuTcfidorf m20;
Simcoe Mountains, Houell, J i\ne, 1881; Wenachc Mountains, Cotton 1196; Ellensbuig,
Piper, May 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
22. Senecio atriapiculatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 442. 1900.
Senecio columbianus Greene, Pittonia 3: 170. 1900, not S. renifolius columbiensis A. Gray.
188!.
Type locality: None definitely given.
Range: British Columbia to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, ^rea^er 242; Wenache, Whited 8S.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
23. Senecio condensatua Greene, Pittonia 3: 298. 1898.
Type locality: "High ridges of the Blue Mountains, Walla Walla Co., Washington."
Collected by Piper.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2434; Waitsburg, //orricr, April 17, 1897.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 601
24. Senecio triangularis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 332. 1833.
Senedo longidentatus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.
Senecio gihhonsii Greene, Pittonia 2: 20. 1889.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pijyer 2154; Mount Adams, Flett 1083; Stevens
Pass, Sandherg & Leiherg 732; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 647; Blue Mountains, Horner 344.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian, occasionallj'^ Transtion.
The type of S. gihhonsii Greene was collected in salt marshes at the mouth of the Colum-
bia River. The original specimen has the leaves only few-toothed, hut abundant material
collected by the writer just above Astoria in salt marshes seems in every way typical S. tri-
angularis. Tliis is a remarkable station for the species, which is usually subalpine in its
habitat.
24a. Senecio triangularis subvestitus (Howell) Greenman.
Senecio subvestitus Howell, Erythea 3: 35. 1895.
Type locality: "In wet meadows, top of Siskiyou Mountains near Waldo, Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: East of Mount Adams, Henderson 2310.
25. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1833.
Type i>ocality: "Common on the banks of the Wallawallah, Spokan, and Flathead
rivers." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 702, 495; North Yakima, Steinweg 894;
Egbert Springs, Sandherg & Leiherg 392; Kooskooskie to Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition
521; along Coppei River, Horner 356; Pullman, Piper 1609; Cow Creek, Griffiths tfe Cotton
527; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 675.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
25a. Senecio serra lanceolatus (Torr. & Gr.).
Senecio lanceolatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 440. 1843.
Senecio andinus iiutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 409. 1841, not Buek. 1840.
Senecio serra integriusculus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 387. 1884.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall, probably in Wyoming.
Range: Washington tq Wyoming and Califernia.
Specimens examined: Atanum Soda Springs, Wat{, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 28, 1882; Waitsburg, Horner 572.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
26. Senecio ductoris nom. nov.
Senecio fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 445. 1843, not S . filifalius fremontii Torr. & Gr. Fl.
2: 444.
Type locality: "Wind River Chain, Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, ^Kcn 144; Piper 2146; Bridge Creek, £'Zmcr 695;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2201.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
ANTENNARIA.
Pappus bristles of the staminate flowers not dilated at tip.
Heads several, brown.
Plants without stolons \. A. stenophyUa.
Plants with surculose stolons 2. A. leucop/iaea.
602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Heads solitary.
Plants with slender naked stolons 3. .4. flagellaris.
Plants without slender stolons.
Pistillate stems 6 to 10 cm. tall A. A. latisquama.
Pistillate stems 2 to 3 cm. tall 5. A. dimorpha.
Pappus bristles of staminate flowers dilated at tip.
Plants not stoloniferous.
Pistillate heads oblong, the bracts pinki.sh 0.^4. geyeri.
Pistillate heads not oblong, the bracts white or brownish.
Pubescence close, silky-woolly 7. A. luzuloides.
Pubescence floccose-wtx>lly.
Stems 5 to 10 cm. high ; alpine plant 8. ^4. lanata.
Stems 25 to 60 cm. high; not alpine.
Tips of the bracts not conspicuously papery.. 9. A. pulcherrima.
Tipsof the bracts conspicuously white-papery. 10. A. anaphaloides.
Plants stoloniferous, growing in patches.
Heads lo<isely racemose; inflorescence glandular 11. ^4. racemosa.
Heads corymlxjse; inflorescence not glandular.
Leaves 3 to 5 cm. long, oblanceolate or narrowly obovate.
Green and glabrate alx)ve \2. A. hou^lii.
Tomentose on lx)th surfaces 13. .4. concolor.
Leaves much smaller and narrower.
Heads 6 to 8 mm. high; bracts white or pink 20. A. parvi/olia.
Heads 4 to 7 mm. high.
Involucral bracts tinged with green or brown.
Suffrutescent at base; bracts yellowish. . 14. A. confinis.
NotsulTrutcscent; bracts greenish brown.
Leaves densely whitc-tomentose on
lx)th sides 15. .<4. media.
Leaves glabrate above, loosely to-
mentose beneath 16. A. lomentella.
Involucral bracts white or pink.
Leaves obtuse, white-tomentose; bracts
pink 17. A. concinna.
Leaves acute, grayish tomentose.
Heads in %i dense cluster; bracts
pink 18. .4. rosea.
Heads in a loose corymb; bracts
white 19. .4. hendersoni.
1. Antennaria stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 213. 1882.
Antennaria cdpina stenophylla A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 366. 1874.
Type locality: "Spipen [Naches] River." Collected by Pickering & Brackenridge.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1345; Ellensburg, Piper 2708;
Whited, April 18, 1898; Pasco, Hindshaw 4, May 25, 1896; Kittitas Mountain, Whited,
May 27, 1896; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition: Hangman Creek, Sandberg dk Leiherg
51; Medical Lake, Sandberg dc Leiherg, May, 1893, Spangle, Piper 3541; Spokane River,
Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
2. Antennaria leucophaea Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902.
Type locality Klickitat, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range- Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, //owe//; near Columbus, -S'uitstfor/".
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 603
3. Antennaria flagellaris (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1882.
Antennaria dimorpha flagellaris Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 366. 1874.
Type ixxjality: "Between Spipen [Naches] River and tiie north fork of the Columbia,
Washington Territory."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Piper 2709; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 286; Cleve-
land, Suksdorf 451 ; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition; Yakima region, Brandegee 92, 887;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1396.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Antennaria latisquama Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901.
TiPE locality: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell AVI; mountains near Columbus, Suks-
dorf, April 13, 1886; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861.
5. Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 431. 1843.
GnapJudium dimorphum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 405. 1841.
Type locality: "On the Black Hills of the Platte."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 11; Roslyn, Whited 419; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 309; Pasco, Piper 2979; Hindshaw 45; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane
River, Geyer 479; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes Expedition; Pine City, Piper, May 6,
1898; Spokane, Piper 2296; LyaU in 1861; above Wawawai, Elmer 101; Piper, May 6,
1900; Waitsburg, Horner 162.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Antennaria geyeri A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 107. 1849.
Type locality: "Arid sandy woods near Tshimakaine, Spokan Country," Washington.
Collected by Geyer.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Naches River, Henderson, August 11, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 407; Howell, August 18, 1882; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 14, 1882;
Spokane, Kreager 173; near Tshimakaine, Geyer 542.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Antennaria luzuloides Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 430. 1843.
Type locality: "Oregon or Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas or by Drum-
mond.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Whited 399; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 'K)Q; between
Thorp and Clealum, Whited 399; Pend Oreille River, LyaU in 1861; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 177; without locality, Wilkes Expedition;
Pullman, Piper 1512; Blue Mountains, Horner 610.
Zonal distribution. Arid Transition.
8. Antennaria lanata (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 288, 1898.
Antennaria carpathica lanata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833.
Type locality; "Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains." Collected by
Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2422; Mount Rainier, Allen 289;
Piper 527, 2162; Tolmie; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Mount Adams,-
Henderson, August 10, 1892; Flelt 1094; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892:
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 833.
Zonal distribution. Arctic.
/
604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Antennaria pulcherrima Greene, Pittonia 3: 176. 1897.
Antennaria carpathica pulcherrima Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 329. 1833.
Type locality: "Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British CoUimbia and Alberta to Oregon and Now Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Elmer, 4.52; Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Antennaria anaphaloides Rydherg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 409. 1900.
Type ixktality: Spanisli Basin, Montana.
Range: Wasiiington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
Henderiton 2284; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Yakima County, ffcndcrson 2284; Wenache
Moimtains, Cotton 1307.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
11. Antennaria racemosa Hcxik. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: .330. 18.^3.
Antennaria piperi Rydherg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.
Type locality: "Alpine woods of the Rm-ky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2420; Nisqually sources, AUen 224;
Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Pe.sha.stin, Samlherg d' J^iherg 4.S4; Klickitat River, Flett 110.5; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 12<)1; Roslyn, Whited 419: Clealum, Itendermn, 3mw 11, 1892; Kamiak Butte,
Elmer in 1897; Pip^r, July 20, 1890; Mount Carlton, A>fo«7fr 227; without locality, Vasey
in 1889: Mount Storm King, iMurence 329, 330; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895.
Zonal dlstribution: Canadian.
12. Antennaria howellii Greene, Pittonia 3: 276. 1898.
Type ixx-ality: St. Helens, Oregon (not "Mt. St. Helen"). Collected by Howell.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 242^; Mason County, Kincaid, June
1.5, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Alien; Tacoma, Fle.lt 103; near Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 2289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2109; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 404; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in June, 1861; Sp<ikane, Piper 2942; Spangle, Piper 3539; Blue Moun-
tains, Horner 171.
Zonal dlstribution: Transition.
Tliis species wa.s formerly referred to A. plantaffinifolia (L.) Hook, of the Eastern States.
13. Antennaria concolor sp. nov.
Ccspitosc, the ligneous rootstocks and stolons slender; stems slender, erect, 20 to .30
cm. high, sparsely tomentose; ba.sal leaves thin, spatulate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, whitish,
abruptly acuminate, concave on the lateral margins, the greener upper side becoming nearly
glabrous the .second season; cauline 7 to 9, linear or linear-lanceolate; inflorescence of 4 to
7 short-peduncled heads in a corymb; involucre 8 to 9 mm. high; bracts in about 3 ranks,
mostly acute, greenish Inflow, fu.scous in the middle, the tips paler or white.
Type specimens collected by the writer in open places in fir woods near the suburb of
Portland, Oreg., known as Mount Scott, June 6, 1904, no. 6189. A few colonies only were
found, all pistillate.
The species is perhaps nearest to A. Junoellii Greene, which was abundant in the same
locality, but that has larger and thicker leaves, nearly always smootli and green above with
the lateral margins nearly straight and with the heads usually sessile.
I would also refer to this species no. 48.5, G. R. Vasey, collected m the Cascade Mountains,
probably near Ellensburg, Wash., in 1889. This was referred doul>tfully by Nelson ^ Pro-
ceedings U. S. National Museum 33:713) to A. pedicellata Greene, but that has a glandular
inflorescence. The Vasey specimen difl^ers from the type of A. concolor only m that the
stems are somewhat stouter, the leaves thicker and less suddenly narrowed into the petiole
and the heads shorter-pedicelled.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 605
14. Antennaria conftnis Greene, Pittouia 4: 40. 1899.
Type locality: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.
Range: Washington to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenachc Mountains, Whited 1262; Cotton 1280; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 1280.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
15. Antennaria media Greene, Pittonia 3: 286. 1898.
Type locality: "Mountains above Coldstream, Placer Co., California."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2421; Mount
Rainier,. ^ZZen. 141; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Flett 1180; Yakima region,
Brandegee 886.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species was formerly confused with the European A. alpina (L.) Gaertn.
16. Antennaria tomentella E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 701. 1901.
Type locality: "Near Stevens Pass, Cascade Mountains, Washington." Collected by
Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 751; Mount Adams, Cotton
1517.
17. Antennaria concinna E. NeLson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 705. 1901.
Type locality: "Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington."
Range: Washington, Oregon, Utah.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2417; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 350;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2191.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
18. Antennaria rosea Greene, Pittonia 3: 281. 1898.
Antennaria divica rosea D. C. Eaton; S. Wats. Bot. King. 186. 1871, nom. nud.
Type locality: North Park, Colorado, collected by C. S. Sheldon.
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2161; Mount Adams, Henderson 2288;
Goose Lake, Flett 1095; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2180; Ellensburg, Elmer 398;
Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 661; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 213; Loomis,
Elmer 372; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spok&ne, Henderson 22m; Piper 2273; Cheney,
Tucker, in 1890; without locality, Vase\j 484, 487.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
18a. Antennaria rosea angustifolia (Rydberg) E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:
706. 1901.
Antennaria angustifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 546. 1899.
Type locality : Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to Cahfornia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2192; Mount Baldy, Conard 394.
19. Antennaria hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington, collected by Henderson.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2290 July 3, 1892; Flett 1078.
20. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 406. 1841.
Antennaria aprica Greene, Pittonia 3: 282. 1898.
Type locality: "On the Black Hills and plains of the upper part of the Platte." Col.
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Manitoba, south to New Mexico and Nebraska.
606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandegee 883 in part; Spokane, Piper 2297,
2298; Spokane, Kreager 174.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition
ANAPHALIS.
la. Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 399. 1897.
Type lck;ality: Sand hills of the seaboard at least from Middle California to Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens e.kamined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Seattle, Piper;
Silverton, Bouck 103; Goose Lake, Fleit 1096; Taconia, Flett 129; Tieton River, Cotton
445; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 467; along Twisp. River, Whited
204; Lake Chelan, Lake tb Hull 744; Bridge Creek, Elmer 634; without locality, Vasey
488; Mount Carlton, AVfaz/fr 223; Fish Lake, Z>«nn, August, 1900; Atanum Soda Springs,
WaU, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
lb. Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1^: 233. 1884.
TiPE i.(X'ality: "Mountains of Colorado."
Ran(je: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: SncKjualmie Falls, Ptper 676; Vcshaaim, Sandberg Jc Leiherg b\\\
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1177* Stuart Island, Laurence 155.
ONAPHALIUM.
Bristles of the pappus united at base; involucre brownish 1. 6^. purpureum.
Bristles of the pappus .separated at base.
Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres very woolly.
Bracts white ; plants loasely-wcxilly 2. 0. palustre.
Bracts browni.sh; plants appre.s.sed-woolly 3. C vliginosum
Plants tall; flowers in looser, leafless clusters; involucres woolly
only at base.
Glandular; leaves green above 4. 6. decurrens.
Not glandular; leaves whit«-woolly.
Involucre white ; cymes loose 5. G. microcephalum.
Involucre yellowish ; cymes dense 6. 6^. chilense.
1. Onaphalium purpureum L. Sp. PI. 2: 854. 1753.
Type ixkality: " In Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania."
' Range: Throughout the most of the United States, Mexico, South America.
Specimens examined: Monte.sano, FleUer 3919; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 72; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1580.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Gnaphaliiun palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.
Gnaphalium gossypinum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains, Oregon, California, and Chile."
Range: Washington to Wyoming, south to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4014; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2070,
655, 653, 654, 2080; mouth of Columbia, NuttaU; Wenache, Whited 242; Ellensburg,
Whited 696, 496; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sand-
herg <fe Leiherg 284; Rock Lake, Lake cfe Hull, August 3, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July
9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1583; Almota, Piper 2735; Mount Carlton, Kreager 177.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Gnaphalium uliginosimi L. Sp. PI. 2: 856. 1753.
Type locality: European.
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 607
Range: British Columbia to Oregon. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, iSwts^r/" 975; Fairhaven, Piper; west Klick-
itat County, Suksdorf 127, 656; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Kalama, Piper, October 30,
1901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Gnaphalium decurrens californicum (DC.) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 341. 1876.
Gnaphalium californicum DC. Prod. 7: 224. 1865-8.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 33; Mount Adams, Flett 1067; Kittitas County, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 700; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
6. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.
Type locality: "St. Diego, Upper California."
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, fiinns, August 15, 1890; Fovt Townsend, Edwards
33; Anacortes, Henderson, July 5, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 138; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
223; Feshastm, Sandberg (& Leiberg 8^; Leavenworth, (Savage 25; Whited 245; Tuinwater
Canyon, Whited 1458; Spokane, Piper, August 28, 1898; Newport, Kreager 454.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. Syst. 3: 480. 1826.
Gnaphalium sprenglii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1838.
Gnaphalium luteo-album oceidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 403. 1841.
Type locality: California. There collected by Chamisso, but the specimens erroneously
attributed to Chile.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1076; North Yakima, Ifa«, August, 1895; Piper
1786; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 745; Pullman, Piper, October 5, 1897; Waitsburg,
Horner 412; Alma, Elmer 544; Toppenish, Cotton 111, Prosser, (7o«on 896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ADENOCAULON.
1. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 19. t. J5. 1830.
Type locality : " In sylvis densis apud Fretum de Fuca, atque prope Fort Vancouver
ad flumen Columbiae, in ora occidental! Americae Septentrionalis " Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California and cast to Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic
Mountains, Edwards in 1889; Silverton, Bouck 87; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 12; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 598; Stehekin, Whited 1400; Max-
field, Henderson, June 22, 1892, Skagit Pass, Lake <k Hull 806; Railroad Creek, Elmer 859;
without locality, Vasey 490; without locality, Geyer 523; Mount Carlton, Kreager 214.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PSILOCABPHTJS.
Heads covered with long loose woolly hairs.
Erect, 6 to 15 cm. high ; heads sparsely woolly 1. P. elatior.
Dwarf; heads very woolly 2. P. brevissimus.
Heads covered with short close wool.
Prostrate; leaves oblong or elliptic 3. P. tenellus.
Ascending; leaves narrowly oblanceolate 4. P. oreganus.
608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Psilocarphus elatior A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1^: 448. 1886.
Psilocarphus oreganus elatior A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 336. 1876.
Type localiit: Portland, Oregon.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1125; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1573;
Manor, Piper 3079: Pullman, Piper, September 30, 1897; Blue Mountains, Homer 336;
Coulee City, Piper 3904; Vancouver, Piper 5024.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Psilocarphus brevissimus Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 340. 1840.
Type uxjality: "Plains of the Oregon River, in inundated tracts." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3904J.
2iONAL distribution : Arid Transition.
3. Psilocarphus tenellus Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 34l. 1840.
Type uk-auty: Suntn Barl)ara, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Suksdorf, July 15, 1890.
4. Psilocarphus oreganus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 7: 341. 1840.
Type locality: " Near the Oregon and outlet of the Wahlamet " Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32; Howell 284; Spokane County,
Suksdorf ^W,, 931 ; Coulee City, Piper.
Nuttall's type in the Gray Herbarium agrees with his description and is the plant under-
stood by Dr. Gray. There is evidently some error in regard to the type locality, as the
only species found in recent years near the mouth of the Willamette is P. elatior Gray.
CENTAUREA.
Bracts of the involucre each tipped with a slender spine; rays yellow;
pappus of unequal bristles 1. C. nieliterms.
Bracts of the involucre spineless, all more or less fimbriate.
Annual ; rays red , blue, white, or violet
;
pappus present 2 C. cyanus
Perennial; rays red; pappus none 3. C.consimdia.
1. Centaurea melitensis L Sp PI. 2: 917. 1753.
Type ix)cality: "InMelita."
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 161; Port Townsend, Edvxirds in 1896;
Seattle, Piper, September, 1898.
2. Centaurea cyanus L. Sp. PI. 2: 911. 1753. Corn flowee.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Wonach'^, Whited 1270.
3. Centaurea consimilis Boreau, Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. 3. 2: 351. 1857.
Type locality: Angers, France.
Specimens examined: Pullman. Hardwick 2390.
CNICUS.
1. Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. PI. 2: 826. 1753. Blessed thistle.
Centaurea benedicta L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1296 1763.
Type locality: "la Chio, Lemus, Ilispania."
Specimens exasoned: Waitsburg, Horner 166; Colfax, Piper, June 28, 1901.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. &09
SILYBUM.
1. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 378. 1802. Milk thistle.
Carduus mariana L. Sp. PI. 2: 823. 1753.
Type locality: "In Angliac, Galliae, Italiae aggeribus ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper in 1902; Vancouver, Piper in 1904.
CARDUUS. Thistle.
Dioecious ; heads small
;
perennial by spreading roots 1 . C. arvensis.
Hermaphrodite; heads larger; biennials.
Bracts of the involucre all with dilated fringed tips 2. 0. americanus.
Bracts of the involucre or some of them with spiny tips.
Outer and inner bracts all with spiny tips 3. C. lanceolatus.
Outer bracts spine-tipped; inner ones unarmed.
Involucre loose, the outer bracts nearly or quite as long
as the inner.
Heads clustered , short-peduncled ; flowers pink 4. Cedulis.
Heads few, long-peduncled; flowers cream-color.... 5. G, remotifalius.
Involucre close, the outer bracts much shorter than the
inner.
Heads clustered, subsessile, leafy; bracts herbaceous,
not glandular on the back 6. 0. foliosus.
Heads not clustered, peduncled; bracts coriaceous,
glandular on the back.
Outer bracts with spines nearly as long 7. C. ochrocentrus.
Outer bracts with much shorter spines.
Leaves canescent on both sides; flowers
usually pink 8. C. undulatus.
Leaves green above; flowers whitish 9. C. palousensis.
1. Carduus arvensis (L.) Robs. Brit. Fl. 163. 1777. Canada thistle.
Serraiula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 820. 1753.
Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1^: 130. 1804.
Cirsium arvense Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 126. 1772.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July 1, 1895; Tacoma, Piper.
The Canada thistle is now well established in various places in Washington, but it pro-
duces good seed only exceptionally, and therefore its spread is slow.
2. Carduus americanus (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 508. 1901.
Cnicus carlinoides americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 48. 1874.'
Cnicus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 56. 1883.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains of Colorado."
Range: Washington to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1888; Goose Lake, Flett 1097.
3. Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. PI. 2: 821. 1753. Bull thistle.
Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prod. Fl. Berol. 259. 1787.
Cirsium, lanceolatum Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 130. 1772.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined; Pullman, Piper, August, 1897; abundant in western Washington.
4. Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 362. 1893. .
Cirsium edule Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 420. 1841.
Cnicus edulis A. Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1874.
Type locality: " The plains of Oregon and the Blue Mountains " Collected by Nuttali.
29418—00 M 39 /
610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Montosano, Heller 4000, 3963; Cascade Mountains, latitude
79°, Lyall in 1859; Sumas Prairie, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August,
1892; Mount Rainier. Pi/xr 2152; Beaver Creek, Whited 24; Nason Qnvk, Sandherg &
Leiberg 695; Conconnully, Whiled 1315; west Klickitat County, Siilesdorf 143, 144;
Ellenshurg, Whited 660; Blue Mountains, Horner 330.
Zonal distribution: Transition. •
The rot)ts of this spt>cies were formerly used by the natives as food.
6. Carduus remotifolius lI(H)k. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 302. 1833.
Cnicus remotifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1875.
Cirsium remotifdium DC. Prod. 6: 655. 1837.
Type uk-ality: "In the valley of the Columbia." CoUet'ted by Douglas.
Range: Wjishington to California.
Specimens e.\a.mined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 145; Mount Adams, Snlcsdorj
574; Yakima n>gion, Braudegee 5)22; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 626; Fourth Plain,
Pi>f, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn. Pi}>er 4963.
Zonal di.stribction: Humid Transition.
6. Carduus foliosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 303. 1833.
6'nJCT/«/o/io*«» Gray, Pr«K\ Am. Acad. 10: 40. 1874.
Cirsium foliosum IX'. Prod. 6: 654. 1837.
Type locality: "Prairies of the Rtn-ky Mountains." Collected by Drummond.
Range; Washington and Oregon to AllnTta.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Pijter 1822 and June, 1893; Henderson 4275; without
Im-ality, Vasey 475.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Carduus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 336. 1893.
Cirsium ochrocentrum A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 110. 1849.
Type locality: "Mountain sides around Santa Fe," New Mexico.
Range: Washington t<> California and Texas.
Specimens examinf:d: Blue Mountains, Pij)er in 1896.
8. Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 130. 1818.
Cnicus undulatus A. (Jray, Prm-. Am. Acad. 10: 42. 1875.
Cirsium douqlassii IX.'. Prod. 6: 643. 1837.
Cirsium undulatum Sprcng. Syst. 3: 374. 182().
Type locality: "On the calcareous islands of l^ake Huron and on the plains of upper
Louisiana."
Range: Washington to Canada, south to New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 142; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Yakima County, Henderson 2274, Wenache, Whited 91, 1173, 1271, Spokane, /'/per, July,
1896; Almota, Piper 1823, Wawawai, Hull, Juuc, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
712
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
9. Carduus palousensis sp. nov.
Perennial, stems erect, usually loosely branched al)Ove, 30 to 90 cm. high, tomentose
when young, becoming glabrous; leaves lanceolate in outline, pinnatiHd into 3 to 7 pairs
of entire or toothed lobes, early becoming green and glabrous alx)ve, persistently white-
woolly beneath, 5 to 15 cm. long, bearing but few prickles, the uppermost commonly simple,
head 3 to 4 cm high, often on long nearly naked peduncles, involucre hemispheric, its
bracts firm, closely imbricated in several successively shorter ranks, not ciliolate, all but
the innermost prickly- pointed, each bearing an oblong or linear glandular spot near the
tip, innermost aitenuate-atuminate and feebly armed or rauticous, flowers yellowish
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 611
white; corolla lobes shorter than the throat; pappus bristles somewhat davellate at tip;
anther tips acute.
This species was erroneously referred to C. breweri (Gray) Greene in the Flora of the
Palouse region.
Specimens have been examined as follows: Silver Lake, Henderson 2277; Ellensburg,
Whited 558, 857; Pullman, Elmer 99; Piper 1589 (type); without locality, Vasey 477, 478,
Waitsburg, Horner 303.
ARCTIUM.
1. Arctium minus Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 49. 1803. Burdock.
Type locality: Germany.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper.
SAUSSTTREA.
1. Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton, Bot. Gaz. 6: 283. 1881.
Type locality: "Mountains of Union Co., Oregon." Collected l>y Cusick.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: OlympicMountains, Piper 2188, 930; Mount Rainier, Piper 2141;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 573; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin
cfc Goodspeed; without locality, Vasey 550.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian

ADDENDA.
While the preceding pages have been in press several papers by Mr.
W. N. Suksdorf dealing with Washington plants have been issued, as
follows: Washingtonische Pflanzen II, Allgemeine Botanische Zeit-
schrift, vol. 12, pages 5 to 7, 26 to 27, and 42 to 43, 1906; Neue Pflanzen
aus Washington I, West American Scientist, vol. 15, pages 58 to 61,
1906. Material for only a few of many new species and subspecies pro-
posed has been available for examination.
Calamagrostis anomala Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitscn. 12: 43. 1906. Mount Adams.
Related to C. scribneri Beal, but believed to be distinct.
Festuca reflexa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 : 98. 1863.
This has recently been collected by Mr. Suksdorf near Bingen. It may be dis-
tinguished from C. padfica Piper by the 1 to 3-fiowered spikelets which are
all divaricate.
Festuca myuros L. Sp. PI. 1 : 74. 1753.
Lake Washington, Suksdorf, July 3, 1890. Easily distinguishable from F.
megalura Nutt. by the absence of the cilia from the lemma.
Quamasia azurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26 : 547. 1899.
The only character adduced to distinguish this from Q. quamash is the blue
color of the flowers, an insufficient distinction in our opinion.
CoRALLORHizA MULTiFLORA 8ULPHUREA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zcitsch. 12: 42. 1906.
Bingen.
CoRALLORHizA LEiMBACHiANA Suksdorf, op. cit. 42. Blugen.
Both of these are close allies of C. mulliJJorn.
PiPKRiA TRANSVERSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 43. Bingen.
Ranunculus occidentalis laevicaulis Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 15:58. 1906.
Characterized by having the stems glabrous instead of pilose, as in R. occi-
dentalis Nutt.
Physaria alpestris Suksdorf, op. cit. 58.
A new species from Mount Adams.
Saxifraga paddoensis Suksdorf, op. cit. 59.
From Mount Adams, said to be related to S. punctata L.
Saxifraga fragosa leucandra Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
Saxifraga bracteosa leptopetala Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
Saxifraga bracteosa micropetala Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
Lithophragma tenella ramulosa Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen.
Lithophragma tenella FLORIDA, Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen.
ViciA WASHiNGTONENSis Suksdorf, op. clt. 59.
Based on specimens collected on cliffs near Bingen.
Sanicula tripartita Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12:5. 1906.
A new species closely related to S. menziesii, but distinguished by the larger fruit,
which has only a very short stipe. The type is from Bingen, Klickitat
County. Seattle specimens. Piper 643, seem also to be referable to this species.
613
614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Steironema ciliatum occidentalk Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Bingen.
Said to be distinguishable from S. ciliatum Raf. by having shorter-petioled, less
acute leaves.
Navarretia propinqua Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Spokane County and Falcon Valley.
A new species very close to X intertexta, but with more dissected leaves, corolla
shorter than calyx, and the style only half as long as the stamens.
Ilysvnthks GRATioLoiDES DEPRESSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Blugen.
Okthocarpus RARioR Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Falcon Valley and Spokane County.
A close ally of 0. hispidus, from which it is said to differ by having a bright
yellow corolla and obtuse capsules, besides being less pubescent.
Aphyllon iNUNDATCM Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Bingen.
Allietl to .1. unijiorum. Its host plant is Coreojm,'* alkinsoniava Dougl.
Aphyllon arenosu.m Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Type from Bingen.
The western plants referred to A. ludovicianum are considered to represent a dis-
tinct species.
Plectritks CONGE.STA ALBA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Bingen. '
A white-flowered subspecies or form of Valerimiella congesta.
Aligera macroptera obtusa Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Bingen.
Antennaria khodantha Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Skamania County.
A new species unknown to us, apparently allied to A. rosea.
Anaphalis maroaritacea REVOLi'TA Suksdorf, op. cit. 7. Skamania County.
Said to be distinguishable by having small linear revolute leaves.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The following is a list of publications relating wholly or largely to
the flora of Washington:
Allen, Edward F. The Western liemlock. BulleUn 33, Bureau of Forestry, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. 1902.
Contains also a list of the trees of Washington and Oregon.
Avers, H. B. Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth Annual Report, U. S.
Geological Survey, pt. 5. 28.3-313. 1898.
Contains notes on the forest trees of the region.
Cooper, J. G. Report on the medical flora of Washington Territory. Transactions
American Medical Association 10:221-237. 1857.
Catalogue of plants collected in Washington Territory. Pacific Railroad
Reports 12^:50-71. 1860.
Contains list of j)lants collected by Cooper, Gihbs, and Suckley, mostly identfied
by Gray or by Torrey.
The sylva of Montana. American Naturalist 3: 405-422. 1870.
Includes notes on Washington trees.
Cotton, John S. Three new plants from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 29: 573. 1902.
Describes Glycerin hlifoba, Astragalus oli/rnpicus, and Orthocarpus harhatus.
A report on the range conditions of central Washington. Bulletin 00, Wash-
ington Agricultural Plxperiment Station. 1904.
Contains economic references to many plants.
Cones, Elliott. Notes on Mr Thomas Meehan's paper on the Plants of Lewis and
Clark's Expedition across the continent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1898:291-315. 1898.
History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark.
Contains references to many Washington plants, with detailed notes on the more
important economic ones. These notes are ail by J^ewis.
Dodwell, Arthur, and Rixon, Theodore, Olympic Forest Reserve. Twenty-first
Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 145-209. 1900.
Contains notes on forest trees.
Elmer, A. D. E. New Western plants. Botanical Gazette 36: 52-61 1903.
Includes eleven proposed new species from Washington.
An extension of range for Woodtvardia radicans. Fern Bulletin 7: 9-10.
1899.
Flett, J. B. Some Washington ferns. Fern Bulletin 8: 40-41. 1900.
Notes on some rare Washington ferns. Fern Bulletin 10; 24-25. 1902.
The fern flora of Washington Fern Bulletin 11: 79-85. 1903.
Gannett, Henry Forest conditions and standing timber in Washington. Nine-
teenth Annual Report, U 8 Geological Survey pt 5. 26-42 1898
Has plates showing percentage c mposiiions ot loiests in western Washington as
regards red fir, western hemiock, cedar and spruce.
615
/
616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Gannett, Henry. The forests of Washington. Professional Paper no. 5. series H.
Forestry 2. U. S. Geological Survey, 1902.
A detailed account of the merchantable timber in each county of the State and a
map showing relative density of stand.
Geyer, Charles H. Notes on the vegetation and general character of the Missouri
and Oregon Territories, made during botanical journey from the State of Mis-
souri across the south pass of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, during the
years 1843 and 1844. London Journal of Botany 4: 479-492, 653-662. 1845;
5: 22-41, 198-208, 285-310, 509-524. 1846.
Gorman, Martin W. ISastern part of Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth
Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 315-350. 1890.
Refers to many plants, especially trees and shrubs.
Griffiths, David. Forage conditions and problems in eastern Washington, eastern
Oregon, northeastern California, and northwestern Nevada. Bulletin 38, Bureau
of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1903.
Incidentally mentions a considerable number of Washington plants.
Henderson, L. F. The Flora of the Olympics. Zoe 2: 253-295. 1891.
Gives list of species observed or collectetl in these mountains.
Holzinger, John M. Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandl)erg and
assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892. Contributions from U. S. National
Herbarium 3 : 205-287. 1895.
Mentions several Washington plants, mainly from Spokane and Kamiak Butte.
Hooker, J. D. Account of the botanical collections made by David Lyall, R. N.,
F. L. S., surgeon and naturalist to the North American Boundary. Journal of
the Linnjean Society 7:124-144. 1864.
Hooker, W. J. A brief memoir of the life of Mr. David Douglas with extracts from
his letters. Comjjanion to the Botanical Magazine 2 : 79-182. 1836.
Contains many notes and references to northwestern plants by Douglas. This
paper is reprinted in volume 5 of the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society.
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer's collection of plants gathered in the upper Missouri,
the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the Rocky Mountains.
London Journal of Botany 6: 65-79, 206-256. 1847. Hooker's Journal of Botany
and Kew Garden Miscellany 3:287-300. 1851; 6:257-265. 1853; 7:371-378.
1855, 8: 16-19. 1856.
and Arnott, G. A. Walker. The botany of Cai)tain Beechey's voyage to the
Pacific and Bernig Strait in the years 1825-1828. London, 18.30-41.
In the supplement are described numerous plants collected by Douglas and by
Tolmie The "Snake Country" specimens were gathered in the summer of 1837 by
a friend of Mr Tolmie, who conducted a i>arty from Fort Vanc-ouver on the Columbia
to the rendezvous of the American trappers in the interior ol California, i. e.,
southern Idaho
Howell, Thomas. Catalogue ol the flora of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. 1884.
Contains a list of spermatophytes, pteridophytes, and mosses. A supplementary
list fiom Klickitat County, Wash., by W. N. Suksdorf, is added.
Catalogue of the known plants (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of Oregon,
Washington and Idaho. 1887.
Flora of Northwestern America. 1903.
Contains descriptions of all the plants reported from Oregon, Washington, and
Idaho. Incidentally many plants are stated to range into Washington, in case of
which there is no definite knowledge ol sudi occurrence.
Leit)erg, John B Two new plants trom the northwest coast. Proceedings Biolog-
ical Society of Washington 11. 39-41. 1897.
Describes Sambucus leiosperma and Delpkinmm vtridescens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 617
Meehan, Thomas. The plants of Lewis and Clark's expedition across the Conti-
nent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Pliiladelphia
1898:12-49. 1898.
A list of the Lewis and Clark plants in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,
mostly identified by Robinson and Greenman.
Nuttall, Thomas. A catalogue of a collection of plants made chiefly in the valleys
of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, toward the sources of the Colum-
bia River, by Mr. Nathaniel B. Wyeth, and described by T. Nuttall. Read
February 18, 1834. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
7:1-60. 1834.
"This collection was made wholly on the returning route of Mr. Wyeth from the
Falls of the Columbia to the first navigable waters of the Missouri."
Piper, C. V. New and noteworthy Washington plants. Botanical Gazette 22:488-
491. 1896.
An undescribed black-cap raspberry. Erythea 5:103. 1897.
Describes Rubus hesperius.
New species of Washington plants. Erythea 6:29-32: 1898.
A new violet from Washington. Erythea 6:69. 1898.
Describes Viola fleltii.
New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Erythea 7:99-104, 159-163,
171-174. 1899.
New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club
27:392-401. 1900; 28:39-45. 1901; 29:221-226, 642-646. 1902.
— The flora of Mount Rainier. Mazama 2:93-117. 1901.
A list of all the flowering plants known to occur on Mount Rainier,
and Beattie, R. K. The flora of the Palouse region. 1901.
Contains descriptions of all the flowering plants known to grow wild within 20
miles of Pullman, Wash.
Plummer, Fred G. Mount Raimer Forest Reserve. Twenty-first Annual Report,
U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 81-144. 1900.
Contains notes on the distribution of the native trees; also a list of shrubs.
Robinson, B. L. Two new plants from the Cascade Mountains. Botanical Gazette
16:43-44. 1891.
Describes and figures Luina piper'i and Silene suksdorfii.
Scribner, F. L. A list of grasses from Washington Territory. Bulletin Torrey
Botanical Club 10:63-66, 77-78. 1879.
Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Flora Washmgtonensis. A catalogue of the Phaenogamia
and Pteridophyta of the State of Washmgton. 1892. Published by the author.
and Howell, Thomas. The flora of Mount Adams. Mazama 1 : 68-97. 1896.
A list of all the flowering plants known from this peak.
——
^ Die Plectrideen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 15:116-118, 144-148.
1897.
—
-
Washingtonische Pflanzen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 16:209-
212, 220-222. 1898; 18:26-27, 86-88, 97-99, 132-134, 153-156. 1900; 19:91-93.
1901.
Washingtonische Pflanzen 11 Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschnft 12:5-7,
26-27, 42, 43. 1906.
Two series of papers describing many new Washington plants
Zwei neue einjahrige Epilobium-Arten. West American Scientist 11:77-78.
1901.
Describes Epilobium apricum and E. fasciculatum.
618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Eine neue Brodiaea-Art. West American Scientist 14:1.1902.
Describes Brodiaea hicolor.
Ueber einige Nemophila-Arten. West American Scientist 14: 22-23. 1903.
Describes Neinophila mimUiflora, M. n'liculala, and M. erom.
Neue Pflanzen aus Washington. West American Scientist 16:58-61. 1906.
Proposes new species and subspecies.
Torrey, John. Phanerogamia of Pacific North America. U. S. Exploring Expedi-
tion under the command of Chas. Wilkes, vol. 17, 1874.
One of the most important contributions to the knowledge of the Washington
flora. It is usually referred to as the Fiotany of the Wilkes Kxi>edition.
Tweedy, Frank. Notes on the Coniferae of Washington Territory. Bulletin Tor-
rey Botanical Club 14: 47-48. 1883.
Wiegand, Karl M. Some rare Washington plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 24: 343-344. 1897; 25: 208-209. 1898.
Some new sjiecies from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 26:
135-137. 1899.
GEOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Locality. County.
Adams, Mount Yakima
Ainsworth Franklin
Alkali Lake Douglas
Alki Point King
Alma Okanogan
Almota Whitman
A merican Lake Pierce
Ash ford Pierce
Asotin Asotin
Atanum River Yakima
Badger, Mount Douglas
Baker, Mount Whatcom
Baldy, Mount Peak in Kittitas
Baldy, Mount.. .Local name for Mount
Carlton
Baldy, Mount A peak in Chehalis
Beaver Creek : Okanogan
Billingham Bay Whatcom
Bickleton Klickitat
Big Creek Prairie Chehalis
Big Meadows...Ten miles SW. of Box
Canyon
Bingen Klickitat
Bishops Bar Snake River, Whitman
Blue Lake Douglas
Blue Mountains... Columbia, Garfield,
and Asotin
Bolles Columbia
Boundary Stevens
Box Canyon... Stevens, on Pend Oreille
River
Brewster Douglas
Bridge Creek... Fork of Stehekin River,
Okanogan
Calispell Lake Stevens
Cape Horn... Post-office and high chff
in Skamania
Carleton, Mount Spokane
Castle Rock Cowlitz
Chapaca, Mount Okanogan
Charleston Kitsap
Chattaroy Spokane
Chelan Chelan
Chelan Butte Douglas
Locality. County.
Chelan Lake Chelan
Chenowith Skamania
Chewelah Stevens
Chiquash Mountains Skamania
Clarkston Asotin
Clarks Springs Near Spokane
Clallam, town and lake Kittitas
Cleman Mountain Yakima
Clemens Mountain Same as Cleman
Cleveland Klickitat
Cold Creek Yakima
Colockum Creek Kittitas
Colton Whitman
Colville Stevens
Colville Reservation Okanogan and
Ferry
ConconuUy Okanogan
Condon's Ferry. . .On the Columbia, Lin-
coln
Connell Adams
Constance, Mount Jefferson
Constitution, Mount San Juan
Copolis Chehalis
Coppei Creek Columbia
Coulee City Douglas
Cow Creek Adams
Crab Creek Lincoln
Craig's Ferry Yakima
Crater Lake Near Mount Rainier
Crescent Lake Clallam
Cushman Lake Mason
Davis Lake Stevens
Davis Ranch Foot of Mount Carlton,
Spokane
Dayton Columbia
Delight Adams
Douglas City-.. Douglas
Duckabush River Jefferson
Easton Yakima
Eatonvilla Pierce
Egbert Springs... Near Trinidad, Douglas
EUensburg •. Kittitas
Eltopia Franklin
Elwha River Clallam
619
/
620 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Locality. County.
Endicott Whitman
Entiat River Chelan
Enumclaw King
Ephrata Douglas
Eureka Walla Walla
Everett Snohomish
Everson Whatcom
Fairhaven Whatcom
Falcon Valley Western Klickitat
Fish Lake Kittitas
Fort Okanogan Okanogan
Fort Sinicoe Yakima
Fort Vancouver Same as Vancouver
Fort Walla Walla Wallula
Frontier Ferry
Fourth Plain Clark
Garrison Whitman
Gate City Thurston
Glenwood Klickitat
Goldendale Klickitat
Granddalles K lickitat
Granville Chehalis
Grays Harbor Chehalis
Green River Hot Springs King
Goat Mountains Near Mount Rainier
Gulf of Georgia Northern part Puget
Sound, north of
San Juan
Guy Whitman
Hangman Creek Spokane
Harmony Lewis
Harrington Lincoln
Haven's Ranch Near Mount Adams,
Yakima
Hell Roaring River Western part
Yakima
Hood.sport Mason
Horseshoe Basin Subalpine Valley,
Chelan
Hoquiam Chehalis
Humptulips Chehalis
Hunt's Junction Walla Walla
Illia Garfield
Ilwaco Pacific
lone Stevens
Johnsons Canyon Yakima
Johns Island San Juan
Kahlotus Franklin
Kalama Cowlitz
Kalispel Lake Same as Calispell
Kamiak Butte *. Whitman
Keechelus Lake...-. Kittitaa
Locality. County.
Kellys Bar. . Whitman
Keunemick Yakima
Kettetaa Valley Same as Kittitas
Kettle Falls Stevens
Kichelas Same as Keechelus .
Kiona Yakima
Klickitat River Klickitat
Kittitas Valley. . .Yakima River, Kittitas
Laidlaw Chehalis
Lake Park Pierce
Lakeview Pierce
Leham I'acific
Liliwaup Mason
Little Baldy 5 miles NE. of Spokane
Longmier Springs.- Pierce
Loomis Okanogan
Ix)on Lake Stevens
Lopez Island San Juan
Lower Cascades Skamania
Lyle Klickitat
Mabton Yakima
Major Creek Klickitat
Manor Clark
Marcus Stevens
Marshall Junction Spokane
Maehel Lake and River Pierce
Maxfield
McAllister's I^ke Thurston
Mediciil ]j&ke Spokane
Menzies Island...Now known as Hay-
dens Island, in Co-
lumbia River alx)ve
mouth of Willa-
mette
Meyers Falls Stevens
Mill Plain Clark
Monte Cristo Snohomish
Montesano Chehalis
Morgan's Ferry...On Yakima River,
Yakima
Moses Jj&ke Douglas
Moss Creek Klickitat (?)
Moxee Yukinia
Muckleshoot King
Nahcotta Pacific
Nason City Chelan
Nisqually River Boundary between
Pierce and Thurs-
ton
New London Chehalis
Newport Stevens
North Yakima Yakima
GEOGRAPHIC INDEX. 621
Locality. County.
Nooksack River Whatcom
Ocosta Chehalis
Olympia Thurston
Omach Lake Okanogan
Oi)hir Okanogan
Opposite Clarkston... Bluffs of Snake
River, Whitman
Opposite Umatilla Crimea, Klickitat
Opposite Willows. . .PineCreek, Klickitat
Orcas Island San Juan
Oyhut Chehalis
Paddo, Mount Indian name for Mount
Adams
Palouse Whitman
Parker Yakima
Parrotts Lincoln
Pasco Franklin
Pataha Garfield
Peone Spokane
Perkins Creek Yakima
Peshastin Chelan
Pine City Whitman
Pomeroy Garfield
Port Angelus Clallam
Port C/rescent Clallam
Port Discovery Jefferson
Port Ludlow Jefferson
Prosser Yakima
Pullman Whitman
Puyallup Pierce
Quinault. Chehalis
Quillayute Clallam
Rainbow Falls Chelan
Rainier Thurston
Rainier, Mount Pierce and Lewis
Rattlesnake Mountains Yakima
Renton King
Republic Ferry
Ritzville Adams
Rock Creek Whitman
Rockford Spokane
Rock Lake Whitman
Rockland Klickitat
Roslyn K ittitas
Roy Pierce
Salmon River Blue Mountains,
Columbia
Samish Lake Skagit
San Juan Island San Juan
Satus Yakima
Scott Klickitat
Sentinel Bluffs Kittitas
Locality. County.
Shoalwater Bay Pacific
Silver Lake Spokane
Silverton Snohomish
Simcoe Mountains Yakima
Skagit Pass. .....Summit Cascade Moun-
tains, head of Skagit
River
Skokomish Valley Between LakeCush-
man and Hood's
Canal
Snipes Mountain Yakima
Snoqualmie Falls .' King
South Arbor Chehalis
Southbend Pacific
Spanaway Lake Pierce
Spangle Spokane
Sprague Lincoln
Squaw Creek Yakima
Stampede Pass. . .That in Cascade Moun-
tains crossed by N. P.
R. R.
Starbuck Columbia
Steamboat Rock High rock in Grand
Coulee, 15 miles N.
of Coulee City
Steele, Mount Peak 7,500 feet, near
head of Skokomish
River, Mason
Stehekin Town and river, head of
Lake Chelan, Chelan
Steilacoom Pierce
St. Johns Whitman
Steptoe Whitman
Stevens Pass In Cascade Mountains,
crossed byG. N. R. R.
Stuart, Mount Kittitas
Sunnyside Yakima
Sutherland Lake . Clallam
Tampico Yakima
Thorn Creek Whitman
Tieton River Yakima
Toppenish Yakima
Trout Lake Skamania
Tukanon River Columbia
Tumtum, Mount Clarke
Tumtum, Mount Near Mount Rainier
Tumwater Canyon. . .On Wenache River,
below Leavenworth
Twisp River Okanogan
Union City Mason
Union Flat Whitman
Union Lake King
622 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. I
Locality. County.
Umtanum Kittitas
|
Upper Cascades Skamania
Upper Naches River Branch of Yakima
River, Yakima
Usk Stevens
Vancouver Clarke
Waitsburg Columbia
Walla Walla Wallawalla
Wallula Walhivvalla
Washington Lake King
Wa^ihtucna Adams
Waterville Douglas
Waverly Spokane
Wawawai Whitman
Wenas Town and river in Yakima
Weuaa Creek-.-A branch of the Yakima
Kiver iii Yaikiiiia I
Locality. County.
WenacheMountains.. Ridgeofmountains
forming divide
between Chelan
and Kittitas
Wenache River... Important stream in
Chelan
VVestport Chehalis
Whidby Island Island
White Bluff Ferry...Columbia River be-
low Lake Chelan
White Salmon Klickitat
Wilbur Lincoln
Wilson Creek Douglas
Woodlawn Thurston
Yakima City Yakima
Yelm Prairie Thurston
INDEX.
(Synonyms are in italics. The principal account of the species of any genus will be found on the page
or pages following the genus name. The few species names entered in the index are followed by only
secondary references.)
Page.
Abies 93
amabilis 12, 58
grandis 42, 58
laaiocarpa 60
nobilis 12
Abronia 244
latifolia 47
umbellata 47
Acer 385
macrophyllum 42
Aceraceae 385
Achillea 584
millefolium 58
Achly s 283
A comastylis 344
Aconite 282
Aconitum 282
Actaea 278
Adams, Mount, botanical collection 19
Adder's tongue 49, 83, 192
Adenocaulon 607
Adenostegia 518
Adiantum 78
Agastache 489
Agoserls 541-545
Agrimonia 335
Agropyron 146-149
spicatum 48
Agrostemma 256
Agrostideae 102
Agrostis 118-121
rossae 62
Aira 121
Aizoaeeae 245
Alaska cedar 91
heather 439
Alchemilla 335
Alder 219
red 42,219
Alfalfa 363
Alfllaria 380
Aligera 533
macroptera obtusa 614
Alisma 100
Alismaceae 100
Allen, O. D. botanical collection 19
Allium 187-189
Allocarya 485
chorislana. . . .* 44
Allot ropa
. 435
Almond family.. . 348
Ainus 219
Alopecurus 110
Page.
Alpine fir 93
meadows 33, 35
Alsike clover 361
Alsine 257-259
Alyssum 287
Amabilis fir 93
Amaranth family 244
Amaranthaceae 244
Amaranthus 244
Ambrosia 551
Ambrosiaceae 550-552
Amelanchier 345
cusickii 49
Ammannia 398
Ammodenia 260
Amsinckia 480
Amygdalaceae 348
Anacardiaceae 383
Anacharis 101
Anaphalis 606
margaritacca revoluta 614
Ancestry, relation to distribution of plants. 33
Anemone 267
A ngelica 418
hendersonl 47
Anogra 407
Antelope brush 36, 345
Antennaria 601-606
rhodantha 614
Anthemis 685
Anthoxanthum 106
A phyllon 521
arenosum 614
comosum 44
inundatum 614
Apiaceae 413^31
Aplopappus 559,560
A pocynaceae 452
Apocynum 452
Apple family 345-347
Aquilegia 278
formosa 58
Arabis 291-295
Araceae 177
Aragallus 367
Aralia 412
Araliaceae 412
Arbutus 437
Arceuthobium 222
Arctic life zone, altltudlnal limits 36
character 34
flora 62-65
623
624 INDEX.
Page.
Arctic life eotie, specips in Cascades, etc 37
Arctic-Alpine species, distribution 63-f>5
Arctiuin 611
Arctostaphylos 437
A renaria 260-263
Argentina 341
Arid Transition area 31,35,36,47-51
flora 51-53
A ristida 107
Aristolochiaceae 223
Arnica 590-593
Arrhenathenim 1-1
Arrowhead 101
Artemisia 5S6-590
tridentata. 36
rigida 49
Arum family 1<'7
A runcus 332
Asarum 223
caudatum 71
Asclepiadaceae 453
Asclepias 453
Ash, mountain 347
Ash. Oregon 449
western mountain 60
Asparagus 202
Aspen 49,217
Asperugo 476
Aspidium 80, 81
Asplenium 80
Aster -. 570-575
conspicuus 44
family 552-611
Asteraceae 552-61
1
A itragalus 368
Athyrium 80
Athysanus 306
Atriplex 241
Audibertta 488
Avena 123
Aveneae 103
Azalea 60
Azolla 84
Baeria gracilis. 44
Balm 493
Balsam family. 386
Balsamtnaceae (See Impaticntaceac.)
Balsamorhiza 580
sagittata . . 48
Baneberry 278
Barbarea 303
Barberry family 282-283
Barley wall 149
wild 149
Barnyard grass 105
Batrachium 270
Bean family 349-378
Bear grass ^ 60
Beattie R K. botanical work 19
Beckmannia 145
Beech family
. . 220
fern 77
Beggar ticks 578
Berberidaceae 282-283
Berberis 282
nervosa 41
Paget
Bergia 391
Bennuda grass 146
Benila 428
Betula 218
glandulosa 46
microphylla 49
Betulaceae 2 18-220
Bibliography 615
Hidcns 578
Bigelovia : 558
Uikukulla 284
Bind wcc<i 228
Binns, F., botanical work in Washington . . 18
Birch 49, 218
(1wa rf 46
family 218-220
liirlhwort family 223
Hitter cress 303
Hitterroot 49,246
Bitterswt*t 520
Black hemlock 94
I .ixtard ;»1
pine 46
sage, distribution 36
sunflower 49
Blackl)erry
, evergreen 334
Blackcap 334
Bladder fern 82
Bladderwort 523
Blepharlpappus 578
Blessed thistle 609
Blite 243
Blitum 243
Blue bunchgrass 138
Blue Mountains, botanical features, etc. 70,71,72
botanical collections by Douglas 13
location and character 26
Bluebell family 535-537
Blueberry 49, 442-444
family 442-444
BUic-eycd grass 203
Bluegrass 128-135
Bluestem 148
Bogs, sphagnum 46
Boisduvalia 410
Bolandra 310
oregana 67
Bolelia 637
Bouteloua 154
Borage family 472-486
Boraginaceae 472-486
Boschniakia 522
Botanical explorations in Washington 10-20
Botrychium 83
Bottom lands. Western Washington 42
Bracken 41,78
Brackenridge, W. D., explorr.tions 15
B randegce, T. S. , botan ical collection 18
Brasenia 264
Brassica 301
Brassicaceae 28.5-307
Brickellia 556
Britton. N. L 6
Brodiaea 189
Brome grass 141-145
Bromus 141-145
Broomrape family 521-522
INDEX. 625
PaKo.
Brown, Stewardson 6
Bryanthus 439
Buckbean 452
Buckbrush 50, 387
Buckthorn family 386-388
Buckwheat family 224-239
Buffalo berry. 397
Bugseed 241
Bull pine 92
thistle 609-611
Bunchgrass, bunchgrass prairies 48
Bunch-flower family 195-198
Bur clover 363
reed 95
Burdock 611
Bursa 303
Butter-and-eggs 495
Buttercup 62, 270-277
family 265-282
Buttle, John, botanical collection 17
Cabbage, deer
^^^
452
Cacaliopsis 594
nardosmia 69
glabrata 69
Cactaceae 396
Cactus 397
Cactus family.
. 396
Calamagrostis 114-118
aleutiea 47
anomala 613
Calandrinia 247
California element. Arid Transition species. 51
Upper Sonoran species 38
California, Upper, use of name 10
Callitricliaceae 382
Callitriche 382
Calochortus 193-195
Caltha 277
asarifolia 47
leptosepa^a,
"
62
Calypso 207
Camas 190
Camassia 191
Camelina 304
Camp Chopunnish, botanical specimens .... 11
Campanula 536
piperi 66
Campanulaceae ; 535-537
Campe 303
Canada bluegrass 130
thistle 609
Canadian life zone 35 36 58-59
Canary grass ! 106
Canby herbarium AVashington plants 18
Caper family 307
Capnoides 284
Capnorea 467
villosula 49
Capparidaceae 307
Caprifoliaceae 528-532
Capriola 146
Capsella 303
Cardamine 289-291
Carduus 609
Caiex 161-177
cryptocarpa 47
29418—06 M 40
___^ Pajre
Carex macrocephala 47
Carpet weed 245
Carrot, wild 415
Canim 426
gairdneri, value and name 14
Caryophyllaceae. (See Silenaceae.)
Cascade Moimtains, physiographic and geo-
logic features
,
22-23
flora 72
Cascades, northern, plant species also in
Blue Mountains 70
Cascara sagrada 386
Cashew family 383
Cassiope 438
mertensiana 62
Castanopsis 220
Castilleja 513-516
angustifolia 58
subspecies 515
miniata 58
oreopola 62
Catchfly 252-255
Catnip 489
Cat-tail 95
Caucalis 416
Ceanothus 387
sanguineus 50
velutinus 51
Cedar, Alaska 60, 91
giant. 71,91
yellow 91
Celastraceae 384
Celery family 413-431
Celtis 221
Centaurea 608
Centaurion 449
Centunculus 447
Cephalanthera 206
Cerastium 256
Ceratophyllaceae 265
Ceratophylium 265
Cercocarpus
.
345
Ceropteris 76
Chaenactis 583
Chaetochloa 106
Chamaecyparis 91
nootkatensis 60
Chamisso's shield fern 41
Chamomile, garden 585
Chapman Ronald, botanical work 19
Charlock 301
Cheat 145
Cheilanthes 79
Chelone 503
Chcnopodiaceae 239-244
Chenopodium 242
Cherry wild 348
Chickweed 257-259
Chicory 538
Chicory family 537-549
Chimaphila 432
Chinooks, description 32
Chlorideae 104
Chokecherry 348
Chorizanthe 239
Chrysanthemum 585
C hrysopsis 557
026 INDEX.
Page.
Chrysospleaium 318
Chrysothamnus 558
iiauseosus 36
viscidiflorus 36
Cichoriaceae 5';7-549
Cichoriura 538
Cicuta 426
Cimicifuga 278
Cinna 1 13
Cinquefoil 02
Circaea 399
Cladothamnus 442
Clarkia 411
Claytonia 248-251
Clematis .' 266
Cleome 307
Climate, remarks and tables C6-28
Clintonia 199
Cloudiness, Weather Bureau statistics 29
Clover 358-363
alsike 36!
bur 363
rabbit-Joot 361
red 361
sweet 358
white 361
Clubmoss 86
Cnicus 608
Coastal Plain, physiography and geology .
.
20
vegetation 46-47
Cockle 256
cow 256
Cocklcbur 550
Coeloplcurum 430
gmelini 47
Coldenia 474
Collinsia 495
CoUomia 464-465
Columbia Baain flora 38, 40,52
Columbia gorge, botanical features, etc .... 67
Columbia Plains, physiographic and geo-
logic features 24
Columbine 278
Coleanthus 114
Coleosanthus .556
Comandra 223
Coma rum 341
Compositae. (See Cichoriaceae, Ambrosia-
ceae, and .\steraceae.)
Conanthus 472
Conard, H. C, bo.tanical work 19
Cone flower 579
Ccmiferae. (See Taxaceae and Pinaceae.)
Conioselinum 419
f.seheri ~. 47
Convallariacciie .. . I'»8-202
Convolvulaceae 454
Convolvulus 454
Cooper, J C. plant collection 17
Coptis .
.
278
occidentans 71
Coral root 206
Cotailorhiza 206
leimbacbiana 613
muitiflora sulphurea 013
Coreopsis.... 679
toi ispermum 241
Page.
Corn flower 608
Coniaeeae 431
Cornel, dwarf 58
western 42
Comus 431
canadensis -17, 57, 58
occidentjilis 42
Corydalis 284
Corylus 218
Cotton, John S., botanic.U work 19
Cotton-grass 46, 158
Cottonwood 42, 49, 217
Cotula 586
Coville, Frederick V 6
Cow cockle 256
parsnip 417
Crabapple 42, 347
Crabgrass 104
Craig Mountains, botanical collection by
Douglas 13
CranlKJrry, western 46, 444
Crassulaceae 308-310
Crataegus 346
brevispina 49
Cress, bitter 303
penny 305
rock 291-295
water 296
Crepis 545
Crocidiuni 594
Crowborry 383
family 383
Crowfoot, water 270
Crucilerae. (See Brassicaceae.)
CrypUnthe 483-485
Cryptogramnia , 79
C .icurbitaceae 535-537
Cupulijerae. (See Fagaceae.)
Currant 323-327
family 323-327
fetid 42
golden 326
native 60
re4 flowering 326
red-flowore.'l 42
stink 325
Cuscuta 454-4.56
Cuscutaceae 454-456
Cymopterus 429
Cynodon 146
Cynoglossum 476
Cynomarathrum 417
Cyperaceac
.,
154-177
Cyperus 155
Cypripedium 205
Cyntopteris 82
Cy therea 207
Dactylis 128
Daisy, oxcyc 685
Dandelion 545
lall 541
Danthonta 122
Dasiphota 341
Dui ur a ;>20
Daucus 415
Death camas 198
INDEX. 627
Page.
Deer cabbage 452
fern 79
Delphinum :70-281
Dentaria 288
Desehampsia 123
Devil's club 47, 412
Dewberry 41,333
Dcyeuxia 115
Diccntra 284
Disitalis 519
Digitaria 104
Diplopappus 567
Dipsaceae 535
Dipsacus 535
Disporum 201
Distichlis 135
spicata 45
Distribution, zonal, of Washington plants . 33
Dock 224
yellow 225
Dodder 45, 454-456
Dodecatheon 445-446
j 3ffreyi 62
Dogwood 431
family 431
Dondia 240
Douglas, explorations in Washington 12
Douglas spruce 94
Douglasia 447
Draba 287
Dracocephalum 489
Drosera 307
rotundifolia 46
Droseraceae ; 307
Dryas 343
Drymocallis 342
Dryopteris 81
Duckweed family 177
Dulichium 156
Dutchman's breeches 284
Eaton, A. A 6
Eatonia r25
Echinopanax 412
horridum 42, 47
Echinospermum 474
Eclgrass 99
Elatine 391
Elatinaceae 391
Elder 530
red-berried 42
Eleagnaceae 397
Eleocharis 159-160
Elm family 221
Elmer, A. D. E.. botanical work in Washing-
ton 19
Elodea 101
Elymus I.-)0-152
Empetraceae 383
Empeirum 383
Engelmann spruce 95
Epilobium 399-405
spicatum 41
Epipactis 211
Eqiiisetaceae 84
Eqjisetum 84
Eragrostis 126
Page.
Eremocarpus 382
Ericaceae 436-442
Ericameria 5.59
Erigeron 563-569
aureus .' 63
Eriocoma 109
Eriogonum 233-238
coryphaeum 63
Eriophorum 158
russeolum 46
Eriophyllum 583
Eritrichum 480
Erodium 380
Eryngium 414
Erysimum 299
Erylhraea 449
Erythrocoma 344
Erythronium 1^2
grandiflorum 49
Eschscholzia 283
Eucephalus 569
edophyllus 66
Euonymus 384
Eupatorium 555
Euphorbia family 381-382
Euphorbiaceae 381-382
Eurotia 241
Euthamia o63
Evening primrc-jp 407
family 398-411
Explorers, botanical, of Washington 10-20
Fabaceae 349-378
Fagaceae 220
Fern, beech 77
bladder 82
deer 79
family 76-82
gold-back 76
grape 83
holly 80
lace 79
maiden-hair 78
male 82
wood 81
Fernald, M. L 6
Fescue 135-139
Festuca 135-139
myuros 613
reflexa 44,613
viridula 62
Festucea? 103
Feverfew 585
Figwort 495
Figwort family 494-519
FiUces. (See Polypodlaceaeand Ophioglos-
saceae.)
Filix 82
Fir, alpine 93
amabilis 58, 93
noble 58, 92
red 41,50,68,94
subalpine 60
white 42, 58, 94
Fireweed 41, 401
Flathead River, collection of plants 14
Flax, common 380
628 INDEX.
Page.
Flax family 380
Flett.J B 6
Flett, J. B., botanical collection in Washing-
ton 19
Floerkea 383
Forest zones, altitudinal limits 35
Forests, western Washington 41
prehistoric 37
yellow pine 50-51
Forget-me-not i^
Forselles'a 385
Fort Clatsop, l)otanieul specimens 11
Fort Rock Camp, lK)tanical specimens 11
Four-oclock family 244
Foxglove 519
wild 497-503
Fragaria 340
Franxeria 552
Frasera 451
fastigiata 71
Fraxinus 449
oregana 42
Fritillaria 191
Frosts, late and early, Rocky Mountain
region 32
Fumariaceae. (See Papaveraceae.)
Furze 358
Oaertneria 552
chamissonis 47
Gaillardla 584
arista ta 48
Gairdner, Meredith, botanical collection 14
Galium 525-527
Gardner, N. L., botanical work 19
Garrya 432
Gaultheria 441
Gaultheria shallon 41,47
Gaura 399
Gayophytum 407
Genera, author's position 9
Gentian 62, 450
family 449-452
Gentiana 450
calycosa 62,66
Gentianaceae
^
449-452
Geographic index 619
Geology, discussion by districts 20-26
Georgia, New, use of name 10
Geraniaceae 378-380
Geranium 378-379
family 378-380
incisum 48
Geum 343
Geyer, botanical exploration 16
Giant cedar 71,91
Gilia 459-463
Qilia 4(i3,464, 472
Ginger, wild 223
Ginseng family 412
Githopsis
.^ 535
Glasswort 45
Glaux 447
maritima 4.5
Glehnia 429
littoralis 47
Globe flower 277
Page.
Glossopetalon 3S-'>
Glycena 139
Glycyrrhiza 364
G naphalium 606
Goatsbeard 332
Godetia «»
Goldenrod 561-563
Goldthread 278
Gooiiyem 208
Gooseberry 49, 32:1-327
Gooscfoot 242
family 239-244
Gorman, M. W 6,19
Gormania 309
Gorse 358
Gosmorc 541
Gourd family 535-537
Gramineae. (See Poaceae.)
Grand Coulee, features 25
Grand Rapids, Columbia, botanical speci-
mens 11
Grant, J. M., botanical work 18
Grape fern 83
Oregon 282
G rasa, blue-eyed 203
family 102-154
Gratiola 503
Gravelly prairies, vegetation 42,51
Gray Herbarium use by author 5
Grayla 241
spinosa, distribution 36
G reasewood 36, 239
Great Basin plantain Washington 38
Green foxtail 106
Greene, K L
,
botanical work in Washing-
ton 18
Grcenman,J M 6
Griniths, David, botanical work 19
Grindclla 556
Grossulariaceae 323-327
Groundsel 596
Gyrontachj/1 211
llabenaria 208.209,210
Hackberry 221
Hairgrass 121
llaloragidaccae 411
Harrimanclla 439
Hawkweed 546-548
Hazel 213
HealaU 489
Heather, Alaska 439
family 436-442
Hedge mustard 301
Hedysarum 360
borealis 66
sulphurescens 60
Heler.ium 584
Heller, A. A., botanical collect! g l.i Wash-
iigton 19
Helianthella 582
douglasii 48
Ilelianthus 582
Heliotropium 473
Hellebore, false 196
green 196
' white 196
I
INDEX. 629
Hemieva 311
Heniicarpha 159
Hemitomes 436
Hemizonella 577
Hemizonia 577
Hemlqck, black 60,94
water 426
western 46, 58, 94
Hemp, Indian 453
Henderson, L. F 6
botanical work 18
Heracleum 417
lanatiim 58
Herbaria consulted 5,
6
of Washington State 20
Herbs, Canadian zone 59
Humid Transition 54, 55, 56
Upper Sonoran, list 39
Heredity, relation to distribution of plants. 33
Hesperochiron 468
Hesperogenia 430
Heteranthera 178
Heterocodon -. 537
Heuchera 320-322
racemosa 66
Hieracium 546-548
Hierochloe 106
Hilgard, E. W 18
Hippuris 411
Holcus 121
Holly fern 80
Holm, Theodor 6
Homalocenchrus 104
Honeysuckle 529
family 528-532
Honkenya 260
Honkenya peploides 47
Hookera 189-190
Hoorebekia 559
Hop sage 36, 241
H o rdeae 104
Hordeum 149
Horehound 489
Horkelia 339
Homer, R. M 6
botanical work in Blue Mountains 19
Homwort 265
Horsetail 84
Hosackia .' 364-366
Howell, Thomas 6
botanical work in Pacific northwest 18
Huckleberry, blue 58
evergreen 47
red 41,47
Hudsonian life zone 35,36,60-62
Hudsonian species, distribution 61-62
Hull, W. R., botanical work in Washington
State 19
Hulsea 583
Humid Transition, altitudinal limits 36
character 35
comparison of flora 53
discussion 40^7
temperature data 30
Hutchinsia 304
Hydastylus 204
Hydrangea family 327
Hydrangeaceae 327
Hydroeotyle 431
Hydrophyilaceae 407-472
Hydrophyllum 468
Hymenopappus 584
Hypericaccae 390
Hypericum 390
scouleri 58
Hypochaeris 541
Hypopitys 436
Ibidium .' 21I
Ilysanthes 503
gratioloides depressa 614
Impatiens 386
Impatientaceae 386
Indian pipe 436
pipe family 435-436
plum 348
Iridaceae 232-204
Iris 202
family 202-204
missouriensis 44,48
Isnardia 399
Isoetaceae gs
Isoetes 88
Iva 5.50
Ivy, poison 384
Jaumea 582
Jeffrey, explorations in Pacific northwest. . 17
Jewelweed 386
Jimson weed 520
Juncaceae 178-186
Juncoides 184-186
Juncus 178-184
bal ticus 45
oregana 46
June grass 48
Juniper, western 90
Rocky Mountain 90
Juniperus 90
scopulorum 44
Kalmia 439
glauca 46
Kamiak Butte, character of rock 26
vegetation 35
Kelloggia 527
Kentucky bluegrass ^.
.
131
Kinnikinnick 437
Klamath region, plant species 70
Klickitat county, botanical features, etc. . 68
Koeleria 126
Kreager, Frank O., botanical work 19
Kruhsea 202
Krynitskia 483, 485
Kunzia 345
tridentata, distribution 36
Labiatae. (See Menthaceae.
)
Labrador tea 46, 441
Lace fern 79
Lactuca 648
Lady's slipper 205
Lagophylla 577
Lake, E. R., botanical work in \\ashington. 19
630 INDKX.
Page.
Lake Lewis, formation 25
Lake John Day, formation, etc 24
Lamb, F. H., botanical work 19
Lamb's quarters 242
Lamium 490
Lappula 474-47j
Lapsana 53S
Larch, western 58, 93
woolly 92
Larix 92
lyallii 71
occidentalis 58
Larkspur 279-281
Lathyrus 375-378
Lau rel 46
sticky 51,387
Lavauxia 409
Leather-leaf polypody 77
Ledum 440
coUimbianum 46
latifolium 46
Leersia 104
Leguminoxae. (See Fahaceae.
)
Leiberg and Sandberg, botanical work in
Washington 19
Leibergia 427
Lemna 177
Lemnaceae 177
LerUibulariaceae. (See Pingiiiculaceae.)
Leontodon 541
Lepargy rea 397
Lepidium 304
Leptarrhena 310
Leptaxis 322
Leptorchis 208
Leptotaenia 425
multifida 48
Lesquerella 298
Lettuce, blue 549
prickly 549
Lewis and Clark, botanical collections in
Washington . 11
Lewisia 246
rediviva 49
Licorice polypody 77
wild 364
Life zones, altitudinal limits 36
North American, scheme 34
Ligusticum 428
Lilaea subulata 44
Lilaeopsis 428
Liliaceae 186-195
Lilium 191
Lily 191
family 186-195
pine 197
Lily of the valley family 198-202
Limnanthaceae 383
Limnorchis 209-210
Limosella 507
Linaceae
^
380
Linanthus 460
Linaria 495
Linnaea ; 528
Linum 380
Liparis 208
Idstera 207
Page.
Lithophragma tenella florida 613
ramulosa 613
Lit'.-.os;;ormum 486
LJoydia 193
Loasa family 395
Loasaceae 395
Lobelia ,W7
Lobeliaceae. {See Campanulaceae.)
I-ocoweeJ 367
Lodgepole pine 58,92
Lolium 146
Lomaria 79
Lomatium 419-425
London Horticultural .Society, botanical ex-
ploration in Washington 12
Lonicera ,")29
Loosestrife family 397
Lophanthus 489
Loranthaceae 222
Lotus 365
Luina .i94
hypoleuca 60
californica 69
Lupine 48, 62, 63, 3.')0-3.58
Lupinus 3.i0-.3.'>8
lyalii «i,m
microcarpus 44
omatus 48
sericeus 48
subalpinus 02
wyethi i 48
Lutkea 329
pectinata 62
Ltuula 185
Lyall, botanical work in Pacific northwest.
.
17
Lychnis 255
Lycopodiaceae 86
Lycopodium 86
Lycopus 491
Lysias 208
Lysichiton 177
Lythraceae 397
Lythrum 397
MacDougul, botanical collecting in Wash-
ington 19
Machaeranthera 575
Madder family .525-527
Madia - 57,5-.577
Madrona .• 437
Madronella 493
Mahogany, mountain 345
Maianthemum '-00
Maiden-hair fern 78
Malaceae 345-347
Male fern 82
Mallow 388
famUy 38S-390
musk 388
Malva 388
Malvaceae .388-390
Manzanita 437
Maple family 385
large-leaved, distribution 42
Oregon 385
vine 42,385
Marestail 411
INDEX. 631
Page.
Marigold, marsh 62, 277
Marrubiuin 489
Marsh marigold 277
Marsilea • 84
Marsileaeeae 84
Matricaria 585
Mayweed 585
Meadow fescue 138
rue 268
Medicago 363
Melampyruin 511
Melanthaceae 195-198
Melica 127
Melilot, ydlow 358
Melilotus 358
Melissa 493
Mentha 492
Menthaceae 486-493
Mentzelia 395
Menyanthaceae '. 452
Menyanthes 452
Menzies, botanical work in Washington 11
Menziesia 440
ferruginea 47, 58
Merathrepta 122-123
Mertensia 476-480
Micrampelis 535
Micromeria 493
Microseris 539, 540, 541
bigelovii 44
Microsteris 461
Milk thistle 609
Milkweed 453
Millspaugh, C.F 6
Mimulus 507-511
lewisii 62
Mint 492
family 486-493
Mistletoe family 222
Mists, Oregon 29
Milk vetch 367-374
Mitella 319
stauropetala 71
Moehringia 260
MoUugo 245
Monardelln 493
Moneses 432
uniflora 47
Monolepis 243
Monotropa 436
Monotropaceae 435-436
Montia 247
Montia 248-251
Morning-glory 454
Moses Coulee, formation 25
Moth mullein 495
Mount Stuart and Wenache mountains, bo-
tanical aspects 68
Mount Stua:rt region, plant species 70
Mountain ash 347
sorrel 224
timothy Ill
Mountains, Pacific coast, floral comparisons 70
Mouse tail 269
Muhlenbergia 110
Mullein 494
Munroa 154
Page.
Mustard, black 301
family 285-307
hedge 301
tumbling 302
Myosot is 486
Myosurus 269
Myrica 217
californica 46 , 47
gale 46
Myricaceae 217
Myriophyllum 412 '
Nabalus 548
Naiadaceae 99
Naias 99
Nasturtium 296
Naumburgia 448
Navarretia ".
. .
.
463
propinqua 614
Nemophila 469
Nepeta 489
Nephrophyllidium 452
crista-galli 47
Neslia 306
Nettle 221
family 221
Newberrya 436
Nicotiana 521
Nightshade family 519-521
Ninebark 50 , 329
Noble fir 93
Nomenclature ^ 9
North Transcontinental Survey, botanical
collections 18
Northwest Coast, use of name 10
Nothocalais 540
Nuphar 264
Nut grass 155
Nuttall, botanical collecting in Pacific north-
west 14
Nyctaginaceae 244
Nymphaea 264
Nymphaeaceae 264
Oak 220
poison 384
vine 220
Ocean spray 330
Oenanthe 427
Oenothera 407
Oenothera 405,406,408
Okanogan Highlands, physiographic and
geologic features 24
Oleaceae 449
Oleaster family 397
Oisynium 204
Olympic mountains, botanical features, etc. 05-66
physiographic and geologic features
—
21
Ormgra 407
Onagraceae 398-411
Onion 187-189
Ophioglossaceae 83-84
Ophioglossum 83
Ophrys •. 207
Opulaster 329
pauciflorus 50
Opuntia 396
polyacantha borealis 44
632 INDEX.
hage.
Orchard grass 128
Orchid family 205-211
Orchidaceae 205-21
1
Oreastrum 5l>9
alpigenum 03
Orogon ash 42 ,449
early extent 10
grape 41 ,282
Historical Society, botanical publica-
tions and notes 12,13
'
' mists " 29
Upper, use of name 10
Oreocarya 4S1
Orobanchaccae 521-523
Orobanche 522
Orogcnia 430
Orthocarpus 510-518
rnrior 014
Oryzoae 102
Oryzopsis ; 109
Osier, red 431
Osmaronia 348
Osmorhiza 41&
Oxalidaceae 380
Oxalis 3S0
Oxycoccus 444
oxycoccus intermedluB 46
Oxyria 224
Oxythrca 239
OrylTopis 307
Oyster plant 539
Pachistima 384
myrsinltes 58
Pachylophus 408
Pacific area, character 35
Paeonia 278
Painted cup 02
Paniccic 102
Panicularia 139-140
Panicum 105
Papaver 283
Papaveraceae 283-285
Parietaria 221
Parnassia 322
Parrya 291
Parsley, water 427
Parsnip, cow , 417
Paspalum 104
Pea 375-378
Pear, prickly 396
Pectocarya 482
Pedicularis 51 1-512
bracteosa 57
racemosa 57
Pellaea 78
Penny cress 305
Pentacaena 204
ramosissima 47
Pentstemon 497-503
pinetorum 71
Pepper grass , 304
Peramium 208
Perennial ryegrass 146
Petalostemum 350
Petasitcs 693
f euiedanum 420
Page..
Phaca 3(>7-374
hookeriana 00
Phacclia 470-472
Phnlarideac 102
Phalaris loO
Phcgoptoris 77
Philadelphia code observed ?
I'hiladelphus 327
Philotria JOl
Phleuni Ill
Phlox • or>-459
family ^56-467
Phragmites 125
Phyllodoce 439
empetrifomiis 62
Phyllospadlx 100
Physalis 519
Physaria 30(i
alpest ris 013
Physiography, districts 20-20
Physiography, Pacific northwest 10
I'hysostegia 490
Plcea 95
engelmanni 58
sitchensis 41
Pickering. Charles, explorations In Wash-
ington 15
Pigwce<l 244
Pinacoae 89-95
Pine, black 42
bull 92
family 8it-95
lodgepole 92
shore 92
sugar, discovery by Douglas l.S
western white 91
white-ba rk 6(), 91
yellow 92
forests 50
Pingulcula 523
Pingulculaceae 523
Pink family 252-264
Pinus 91
oontorta 43. 46, 47, 58
monticola, predominance 58
ponderosa, preponderance, etc M
Piper, C. v., study of Washington plants .
.
5
Piperia 208
transversa 613
Piptocalyx , 481
Piscaria 3S2
Plagiobothrys 482
Plantaglnaceae .')23-525
Plantago 523
Plantain 523
family 523
rattlesnake 208
water 100
Plants, species con.lned to Washington ... 73-71
species likely to be found in Washington. 75
Platyspermum 286
scaplgerum 44
Piatystigma 284
Plectntis .')33
congesta alba 614
I'leiiricospoiH 436
I'leuropogon 128
INDEX. 633
Page
Plum, Indian 348
Plumbaginaccae 449
Poa 128-135
arctica 62
sandbergi i 48
Poaceae , 132-154
Poison ivy 384
oak 384
Polemoniaceae <56-467
Polemonium <66-467
elegans 63
mlcrantlium 44
Polygonaceae 224-239
Polygonum 226-232
Poiypodiaceae 76-82
Polypodium 76
Polypody, leather-leaf 77
licorice . 77
Polypogon Ill
Polysticlium 80
munitum, distribution 41
Pondweed 96
family 178
Pontederiaceae 178
Poppy family 283-285
• Populus : 217
tremuloides 49
trichoearpa 42, 49, 57
Portulaca ' 245
Portulacaceae 245-251
Potamogeton 96
Potamogetonaceae 96-98
Poten tllla 336-339
,
nabellifolia 62
-Prairies, bunchgrass, vegetation 48
Precipitation, Weather Bureau tables 27-28
Prickly pear 396
Primrose, evening 407
family 444-448
Primulaceae 444-448
Promrtcs 201
Prunella 489
Priinus 348
Pscudotsuga 94
mucronata 41..50
Psi locarphus 607
Psoialea 363
Pterldium 41, 78
Pteris 78
Pterospoia 435
andiomedea 57
Pterostegia 232
Plery xia 429
Ptilocalais 541
Ptilonella 578
Pliloria 539
Puccinellia 141
Puget Sound Basin physiography and geol-
opv 21
Puget Sound Wilkes expedition 15
Pulsatilla . 268
occidentalis
. 62
Pursh description of Lewis and Clark
plants .... 11
Pur&tiia..
, 245
Purslane :;45
family 245-251
Page.
Pyrola 433-435
family '.32-435
Pyrolaceae <.?:2-435
Pyrrocoma 559
Pyrus 347
diversifolia, distribution 42
Quack grass 149
Quamash Flats, botanical specimens 11
Quamasia 190
azurea 613
Quercus 220
garry&na . 42
Quilhvort 88
Rabbit brush 36,558
Rabbit-foot clover 361
Radish 307
Ragweed 551
family .
.
, 550-552
Rainfall, Weather Bureau tables 27-28
Rainier, Mount, botanical collection 19
Ralniera 594
Ramm, Charles A., botanical collection .... 18
Ramona 488
Ranunculaceae 265-282
Ranunculus 270-277
occidentalis laevicaulis 613
suksdorfii 62
Raphanus 307
Rapuntium 537
Rattlesnake plantain 208
Razoumofskya 222
Red alder 42, 219
fescue 137
fir 41, 50, 58, 94
raspberry 334
Redtop 119
Reed 125
bur
_.
95
cana ry grass 106
Rhamnaceae 386-388
Rhamnus 386
Rhinanthus .• 511
Rhodiola 308
Rhododendron 440
albiflorum 60
Rhus 383
Rhynchospora '. 161
Ribes 323-327
biacteosum 42
howellii 60
inerme 49
irriguum 49
laxiflorum 47
sanguineum 42
Ricker, P. L . 6
Rigiopappus 583
Rimrock de-lnition and flora 49
Robinson, B. L 6
Rock cress 291-295
Rock-iose 49,246
Rocky Mountain plants in And Transition . 52
Rocky Mountain juniper 90
Rocky Mountains plant species 72
Romanzoffia 468
Roripa 296-298
Rosa 334
/
63-4 INDEX.
Page.
Rosa gymnocarpa 50
nutkana 49
pisocarpa 49
Rosaceae 328-345
Rose 334
Rose family 49,328-345
rock 246
Rotala 398
Rough meadow grass 131
Rubiaceae 525-527
Rubus 332-334
macropetalus 41
nivalis , 58
parvillonis 41, 51
spcctabilis 42, 47
Rudlxvkia 579
Rue. meadow 268
Ruhn, Doctor, botanical work 19
Rumex 224-226
Ruppia 99
niarittma 44
Rush 178-184
family 17S-186
scouring •. 85
wood 184-186
Russian thistle 240
Rye grass 1.^152
perennial 146
Sage, hop 241
white .WS
Sagebnish 35, 36, 49, 586-590
common 589
scabland 589
Saglna 259
Sagittaria 101
Salal 41, 47, 441
Salicaceae 211-217
Salicornia 240
ambigua 45
Sallx •. 21 1-217
myrtilloides 46
scoulcriana 41
Salmon berry 42, 47, 333
Salsify 330
Salsola 240
Salt grass 45, 135
Salt marshes, vegetation 45
Salviniaceae 84
Sambucus 530
callicarpa
, 42
Sandalwood family 223
Sandberg and Leiberg, botanical work in
Washington 19
Sanguisorba 335
Sanicula 414
tripartita 613
Santalaceae 223
Saponaria 2.56
Sarcobatus 239
vermiculatus 36
Saussurea 611
Savastana 106
Saxifraga 312-317
bracteosa leptopetala 613
micropetala 613
fragosa leucandra 613
Page.
Saxitraga paddoensis 613
tolmiei 62, 66
Saxifragaceae 310-323
Saxifrage 312-317
family 62, 310-323
Seablands 48
Scheuchzeria 100
palustris 46
Scheuchzeriaceae 100
Schizonotus 330
Schoenocrambe 303
Sclrpus 156-158
Scorzonella 540
Scoulcr. botanical work in Washington 13
Scouler willow 41, 42
Scouring rush 85
Scribneria 146
Scrophularia 495
Scrophulariaceae 494-519
Scutellaria 488
angustifolia 44
Seashores,,vegetation 4.5-46
Sedge 161-177
family 154-177
Sedum 308
Selaginella 87
Selaginellaceae 87
Senecio 595-601
Serlcocarpus 569
Servlcel>erry 49, 345
Selaria 106
Sheep sorrel 225
Shepherdia .397
Shepherd's purse 303
Shooting star 62,445-446
Shore pine 92
Shrubs, Canadian zone 59
Humid Transition 54,55,56
Upper Sonoran 39
Slbbaldla 340
Sida 389
Sidalcea 388
Sierras, northern, flora - 70
Sieversia 344
cillata 44
Sllenaeeae 252-^4
Silene 252-255
Silybum 609
Sisymbrium 301-302
Sisyrinchium 203
Sitanion 153-154
Sitka spruce 41, 46, 95
Slum 430
Skullcap 488
Skunk cabbage 177
Skunk-weed 463
Smelowskia 300
Smilacina 199, 200, 202
Smith, Ernest C, botanical work in Wash-
ington 18
Smooth wild oat 123
••Snappers" 222
Snowberry 49
Solanaceae 519-521
Soianum 520
Solidago 561-.563
Sonchus 549
INDEX. 635
fage.
Sonoran, Upper. (See Upper Sonoran.)
Sorrel, mountain 224
sheep 225
Sow thistle 549
Spalding, Henry, botanical collection 16
Sparganiaceae 95
Sparganium .• 95
Spartina - 145
Spearmint 492
Species, admission to present flora 5
limitation, author's position 9
SpeculariH 536
Speedwell 505-506
Spergula 263
Spergularia 263
Sphaeralcea 389
Sphaerostigma 405-406
Sphagnum bogs, vegetation 46
Spike rush 159-160
Spiraea 330
Spiranthes 211
Spirodela 177
Spleenwort 80
Sporobolus 112-113
Spraguea 251
umbellata 63
Spruce, Douglas 94
Engelmann 58,95
Sitka 41, 46, 95
Spurrey 263
Squirrel tail 149
St. .Johnswort 390
family 390
Stachys 490
Statltree family 38-1
Star flower 447
Statice 449
Steironema 448
ciliatum occidentals 614
Stellarm 257
Stenanthium 197
Stenolus 560
Steptoe, definition of term 26
Steptoe Butte, description j 20
Sticky laurel 51
Stipa 107-109
Stonecrop 308
family 308-310
Strawberry 340
Streptanthus 296
Streptopus 201
Struthiopteris 79
Suaeda 240
Subularia 303
Sugar bowls 266
Sugar pine; discovery by Douglas 13
Suksdorf, W. N 6
botanical work in Washington 18
Sumac 38;?
Sundew 46, 307
family 307
Sunflower 48,582
black 49
Sunshine,Weather Bureau, statistics 29
Sweet gale 46, 217
family 217
Sweet vernal grass 106
-
— Page.
Symphoricarpos 528
racemosus 49
Syntherigma 104
Synthyris 504
pinnatiflda tomentosa 66
reniformis 67
Syringa 327
Talinum 247
Tall meadow oatgrass 121
Tanacetum 586
Tansy, garden 586
Taraxacum 545
Taraxia 405
Tarweed 575-577
Taxaceae , 89
Taxus 89
Tea, Labrador - 441
Teasel 535
Tellima 317
Temperature, eastern Washington 31
western Washington 30
Tetradymia 590
Teucrium 487
Thalesia 521
Thalictrum 268
Thelypodium 298
Thermopsis 349
montana 66
Therofon : 311
majus intermedium 66
Thimble berry 41,51,333
Thistle 609-611
blessed 608
bull 609-611
Canada 609
milk 609
Russian 240
sow 549
Thlaspi 305
Thomapple 346
Thrift 449
Thuja 91
plicata 71
Thysanocarpus 306
Tiarella 317
Tillaeastrum 308
Timber, distributional peculiarities 35
Timothy Ill
Tissa 263
Tobacco root 532
Tofleldia 196
Tolmie, botanical work in Washington 14
Tonella 496
Townsendia 563
Toxicodendron 384
Tragopogon 539
Transition floras, arid and humid com-
pared 53-58
Trautvetteria 269
Trees, Canadian zone 59
distributional peculiarities 35
humid transition, comparisons 53,54,55
Upper Sonoran, list 38-39
Trefoil, yellow 363
Trichostema 487
Trientalis 447
/
636 INDEX.
Page.
T rifoliuni 3.i8-363
T riglochin 100
maritimum 45
Trillium 199
petiolatum -19
Trisetum 124
Triticum 149
Trollius 277
Troiimon .i42
Tsuga 94
mertensiana 60
Tucker, Susan, botanical work in Washing-
ton 18
Tumblewced 244
Tumbling mustard 303
Turnip 301
Turtl,ehead 503
Tweedy. Frank 18
Typha 95
Typhaceae 95
Ulex 358
Ulmaccae 221
Unifolium 200
Uplands, vegetation, etc 42
Upper Sonoran life a rea r>5-40
altitudinal limits 36
temperature data 31
Upper Sonoran flora, origin 37-40
species .38-39
Uropappus 539
Urtica 221
I' rt icaceae 221
Utricularia 523
Vaccaria 256
Vacciniaceae 442-444
Vaccinium 442-444
cespitosum 49
macrophyllum 57
ovalifolium 58
ovatum 47
parvifolium 47
Vagncra 199
Valerian family
.'i.32-535
Valeriana 532
Valerianaceae .">32-535
Valerianella
.^.^3-535
Vallisneriaceae lOi
Vancouver, Fort, botanical collections 16
Vancouver Strip, application of name 40
comparison of flora 53,54
Vancouveria 283
Vanilla grass 106
leaf 283
Vasey, George R., botanical work in Wash-
ington 18
Velvet grass 121
\ enus's looking-glass 536
Veratrum 196
V erbascum 494
Verbena 519
family 519
Verbenaceae 519
Veronica .'. 505-506
Page.
Vetch 374
common 375
milk 367-374
Viburnum 531
Vicia 374
washingtonensis 613
Vilfa 112
Viola 391-395
glabella 47
langsdorfii 47
Violaceae 391-395
Violet 391-395
f.»mily 391-395
I 'leckia : 489
Wall barley 149
Wake-robin 19s
Wapato 101
Washington Forest Reser\-e, botanical col-
lection 19
Washingtonla 416
Wa ter cress 296
crowfoot 270
liemlock 426
milfoil family
-Jl 1-412
l>a rsley 427
plantain 100
starwort family 382
Wa terleaf 468
family 467-472
Waterllly family 264
Watershield 264
Waterweed 101
Watorwort family 391
Watson, Sereno, botanical work in Wash-
ington 19
Waxberry 528
Wenache Mountains and Mount Stuart,
botanical features, etc 68
W'estern hemlock 94
larch ,8,93
white pine 91
yew 89
Wheat bunchgrass 146
grass liC^-149
Wheeler, C. F 6
Whipplea 327
White fir <2, .58, 94
White pine, western 68
White-bark pine 91
Whited, Kirk 6
botanical work 19
Wight, W. F 6
Wilkes, Commodore, northwest expedition. 15
Wilkes Expedition, lack of specimens 5
Willow 46, 49, 211-217
family 211-217
herb .390-405
Scouler 41, 42
Winds, Chinook, etc 32
Winter fat 241
Witches-brooms 222
Wokas 264
Wood fern 81
rush 184-186
INDEX. 637
Page.
Woodsia 82
Woodwardia 79
Woolly larch 92
Wormwood 586-590
Wyeth, collection of plants on Flathead
River 14
Wyethia 581
Xanthium 550
Xerophyllum 197
tenax 60
Yellow cedar. 91
Page.
Yellow dock 225
Yellow pine 92
forests bO-ol, 53
Yerba buena 493
Yew family 89
western 89
ZannicheUia 99
Zizia 427
Zonal distribution of plants in Washington. 33-65
Zones, life, North American, scheme 34
Zostera 99
Zygadenus 197
o





BINDING LIST HAY 1 1939
(
QK
192
P56
cop. 2
Piper, Charles Vancouver
Flora of the state of
Washington
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY