Proceedings ofthe United StatesNational MuseumSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ? WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 125 1968 Number 3666Stomatopod Crustacea from West Pakistan By Nasima M. Tirmizi and Raymond B. Manning * IntroductionAs part of a broad program of studies on the larger Crustacea ofWest Pakistan and the Ai'abian Sea, one of us (N.T.) initiated asurvey of the Stomatopoda occurring off the coast of West Pakistan.Analysis of preliminary collections indicated that the stomatopodfauna of this area is richer in numbers of species than is evidentfrom the literature. Through correspondence in 1966, we decided tocollaborate on a review of the Pakistani stomatopods; this report isthe result of that collaboration.This paper is based prhnarily on collections made by and housedin the Zoology Department, University of Karachi. Specimens in thecollections of the Central Fisheries Department, Karachi, and theZoology Department, University of Sind, were also studied. Unfortu-nately, only a few specimens from the more extensive stomatopodcollections of the Zoological Survey Department, Karachi, wereavailable for study. Material from Pakistan in the collection of theDivision of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), materialfrom two stations made off Pakistan by the International Indian 1 Tirmizi: Reader, Zoology Department, University of Karachi, Pakistan;Manning, Chairman, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institu-tion. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125Ocean Expedition (IIOE), and a few specimens in the collections ofthe British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH), are also recorded.Some species of stomatopods are edible and are relished in variousparts of the world. Baig (1954) noted that in Karachi certain peopleused them for food; however, we learned from fishermen that theseanimals are considered as "fish lice" and as such are regarded as unfitfor human consumption. Large quantities are caught in fishermen'snets and are sold cheaply along with fish-waste to be used as fertilizeror poultry food.Acknowledgments.?This study could not have been completedwithout the help of many individuals and institutions. The ForeignCurrency Program of the Smithsonian Institution made it possiblefor one of us (R.B.M.) to visit West Pakistan, and preparation ofsome of the illustrations by Lilly Manning was supported by theSmithsonian Research Awards Program. Mr. Robert A. Dietchmanand E. J. D'Sou/a, on the staff of the American Embassy in Karachi,expedited all administrative matters pertaining to the visit to Karachi.Dr. M. A. H. Qadri, Chairman, the Department of Zoology, Univer-sity of Karachi, kindly made the departmental facilities availableto us. Mr. S. S. U. Siddiqui, Ofiicer-in-charge, Zoological SurveyDepartment, Karachi, allowed one of us (N.T.) to study some of thestomatopods from that collection. Mr. Agha Ghulam Hussain,Director, Marine Fisheries Department, Karachi, allowed us to workwith all of the stomatopods in his collection. Dr. A. L. Rice andMr. R. W. Ingle, Crustacea Section, British Museum (NaturalHistory), provided working space for one of us (R.B.M.) and loanedus several specimens for additional study. Miss Quddosi Bashu* wasmost helpful in preparing the specimens for study and in composingthe plates.Literature survey.?Although 40 species of stomatopods areknown to occur in the northwestern Indian Ocean, between Bombayand the Red Sea (see table, p. 4), only 11 of these have been recordedfrom the coastal waters of West Pakistan. Kemp (1913) reportedeight species from Karachi: Squilla microphthalma, (*) S. scorpio,S. scorpio var. immaculata, S. nepa, (*) S. interrupta, S. raphidea,(*) Gonodactylus chiragra, and G. demanii. Baig (1954) recorded thethree species marked with as asterisk and Lysiosguilla maculata asweU, and Tirmizi (1967) reported specimens of Protoqidlla lenzi andP. pulchella, so that 1 1 species were known from West Pakistan.Our collections include 17 species, and it seems highly likely thatadditional collecting in specific habitats with speciaUzed techniquescould jdeld numerous additional species. For example, one collectionmade off Astola Island wdth rotenone during the International IndianOcean Expedition yielded six different species, including one specimen NO- 366G CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 3 of an undescribed species of Manningia, previously known onlyfrom the GuK of Aden. Additional collecting in such habitats couldresult in the collection of other species of Gonodactylus, Protosquilla,and Pseudosquilla as well. Other species could be expected to occuroffshore in deeper water.ZooGEOGRAPHicAL NOTES.?Our knowledge of the stomatopods ofthe Indian Ocean is still so fragmentary that only preliminary ob-servations can be recorded here. The distribution of the 46 species ofstomatopods from the northwestern Arabian Sea is tabulated below(data are from Kemp, 1913; Chhapgar and Sane, 196S; Chopra, 1939;Holthuis, 1967b; Ingle, 1963; and Manning, 1967b). Records forthese species from Madagascar and South Africa (including southernMozambique) (Barnard, 1950; Manning, 1969) are included forcomparison. Very little is known of the stomatopods of the EastAfrican coast proper.The fauna of the Red Sea is the best known of the areas in thenorthwestern Arabian Sea; 31 of the 46 species known from the latterarea occur in the Red Sea. Seventeen of these species occur off WestPakistan. Habitats in the Red Sea are undoubtedly more diverse,and the greater diversity is reflected in the presence of species ofCoronida, Gonodactylus, Protosqidlla, and Pseudosquilla there.Only 16 of the 46 species from the northwestern Ai-abian Sea occuroft' Madagascar, and only 12 extend as far southward as southernMogambique and South Africa. Thirteen of the species recorded fromMadagascar by Manning (1968b) and 11 of the species known fromSouth African waters (Manning, 1969) do not occur in the north-western Arabian Sea. The fauna, however, of the central portion ofthe western Indian Ocean is somewhat richer than that of either thenorthern or southern portions of that ocean, for approximately 60species are known from there. A more detailed analysis of the sto-matopod faunal patterns in the Indian Ocean is in preparation in areview by one of us (R.B.M.) of the stomatopods collected duringthe International Indian Ocean Expedition.The stomatopod fauna of West Pakistan can be expected to bevery similar to that found off Bombay, India, to the south; 17 speciesare now known from Bombay (Chhapgar and Sane, 1968), and only9 of these occur off Pakistan. Shallow, muddy bottoms are a pre-dominant coastal environmental feature along much of the easternshore of the Arabian Sea, and there is little reason not to expect arelatively uniform stomatopod fauna tliroughout that area.It seems unUkely that there are any major faunal discontinuitiesin the Arabian Sea proper, at least as far as the stomatopods areconcerned, although some local discontinuities may exist as a resultof changes in habitat. The absence of coral reefs off West Pakistan 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUIVI vol. 125 should limit the occurrence of coral associated species, but someof these, at least, can inhabit rocky areas as well. Other than dif-ferences expected as a result of the presence or absence of reefs, thefauna of the Arabian Sea between Bombay and the Red Sea, includingthe Persian Gulf, can be expected to be relatively uniform. Many ofthe 29 species occuning in the Arabian Sea, but not now known fromWest Pakistan, could be expected to occur off Pakistan.Distribution of Stomatopod Crustacea from the NorthwesternIndian Ocean AcanthosquillaacanthocarpusmultifasciatavicinaAlimasupplexAnchisquillafasciataCarinosquillacarinataCloridabombayensigdenticaudafallaxlatreilleimicrophthalmaCloridopsisimmaculataScorpioCoronidatrachuraEurysquillasewelliGonodactyluschiragrachopraidemaniifalcatuslanchesterismithiispinosusHarpiosquillaannandaleiharpaxraphidea CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNINGDistribution of Stomatopod Crustacea from the NorthwesternIndian Ocean?Continued LeptosquillaschmeltziiLysiosquillatredecimdentataManningiaamabilispilaensisMesacturusbrevisquamatusNannosquillahystricotelsonOratosquillagonypeteshesperlainterruptainvestigatorismassavensisnepaperpensaquinquedentatasimulansProtosquillalenzipulchellaspinosissimaPseudosquillaciliatamegalophthalmaSquilloidesgilesiTOTALS 46 Southern WestAfrica Madagascar Bombay Pakistan + +++++ + ++ + + + ++ ++ ++ + Northwest-ern IndianOcean, Per-sian Oulf, Red Sea,Gulf of Oulf ofOman Aden++ ++ +++ + ++++ + ? 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM carapace length, which does not inchide the rostral plate, is alsomeasured on the midline.The count of teeth on the dactylus of the raptorial claw alwaysincludes the terminal tooth. An abdominal spine formula of sub-median 6, intermediate 4-6, lateral 2-6, marginal 1-5 indicates thatthe submedian carinae terminate in spines only on the sixth ab-dominal somite; the intermediate carinae terminate in spines on the Telson. Male copulatory tubesThird pereiopod Carpus Dorsal ridgeof carpusProximal, Movable.? . feefliPectinationsTeeth of dactylus Rostral plateEveAntennuie ?AntennaAntennai scaleimaxillipedMandibular palp<:'/ii'^'^ Raptorial clowThird moxillipedFifth moxillipedEpipodVentral spine aiMerus Figure 1.?Diagrammatic sketches: a, a squillid; b, a raptorial claw. fourth, fifth, and sixth somites; the laterals are spined on the second tosixth somites, inclusive, and the marginals on the first to fifth somites,inclusive. A telson denticle formula of "4, 6-8, 1" indicates that on themargin of the telson, on either side of the midline, there are foursubmedian denticles, six to eight intermediate denticles, and onelateral denticle.Many of tlie terms used in the descriptive accounts are shown infigures 1 and 2. Although the figures are based primarily on squillids, CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNINGCARAPACE AND ROSTRAL PLATERostral plateAnterolateral angle of carapaceAnterior bifurcation of median carinaMarginalLateral ^ carinaeIntermediate.Gastric grooveCervical grooveReflected portion of marginal carinaEXPOSED THORACIC SOMITESLateral process of fifth thoracic somiteMedian 1Submedian > CARINAEIntermediateJFIRST ABDOMINAL SOMITELateral I^adimac , , . , ^CARINAEMarginal JFIFTH AND SIXTHABDOMINAL SOMITESMedianSubmedianIntermediateLateralMarginal CARINAETELSONPrelateral lobeMedian carinaLateral )Intermediate >teeth - Submedian JLateralIntermediate!Submedian DENTICLESFigure 2.?Carinal terminology. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125 with the characteristic carination of the carapace, thorax, and abdo-men, the general features of the carapace, claw, abdomen, telson, anduropod are similar in aU of the stomatopods.We have included sketches and a brief descriptive account of themale petasma (endopod of the first male pleopod) for all speciesrepresented by adult males.Order STOMATOPODA LatreiUe, 1817Until recently, this order was considered to include but one Recentfamily, Squillidae Latreille, 1803, with eight Recent genera. Studieson the classification of stomatopods by Serene (1962), Holthuis (1964),and Manning (1963, 1968a), have shown that the stomatopods com-prise four families and 37 genera. The classification proposed byManning (1968a) is used herein; that paper includes keys to all genera.For more detailed information on the order, the reader is referred toBalss (1938).Representatives of tliree of the four families of stomatojjods occurin the northwestern portions of the Indian Ocean ; these three familiesmay be distinguished by means of the key given below. The fourthfamily, Bathysquillidae, includes one deep-water genus, BaihysqiiiUaManning, with one Indo-West Pacific species known to occur offJapan and South Africa.Key to Families of STOMATOPODA Occurring in theNorthwestern Indian Ocean 1. Propodi of third and fourth thoracic appendages broader than long, beadedventrally (fig. 3d) ; telson lacking sharp median carina.Lysiosquillidae, p. 8.Propodi of third and fourth thoracic appendages longer than broad, notbeaded ventrally (fig. ^h) ; telson with sharp median carina 22. No more than 2 intermediate marginal denticles present on telson.GONODACTYLIDAE, p. 14.More than 4 intermediate marginal denticles present on telson.Squillidak, p. 28.Family Lysiosquillidae Giesbrecht, 1910Diagnosis.?Propodi of thhd, fourth, and fifth thoracic appendagesbroader than long, beaded or ribbed ventrally (fig. Zd) ; telson lackinglongitudinal median carina on dorsal surface (fig. 46).Discussion.?Representatives of two of the genera currentlyassigned to this family occur off West Pakistan; they may be dis-tinguished by means of the following key. NO. 8666 CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 9Key to Genera of Lysiosquillidae from West PakistanDorsal surface of telson with fan-shaped row of 5 spines; rostral plate subquadrate(fig. 3o) : uropodal endopod with strong proximal fold on outer margin.AcanthosquillaDorsal surface of telson unarmed; rostral plate cordiform (fig. 4a); uropodalendopod lacking strong proximal fold on outer margin LysiosquillaHoltliiiis (1967a) has compiled synonymies for all known speciesin the family, Acanthosquilla Manning, 1963Diagnosis.?Cornea subglobular; rostral place subquadrate, tri-spinous anteriorly or with single apical spine; mesial and ventralantennal papillae present; mandibular palp present or absent; dorsalsurface of telson with fan-shaped row of 5 spines; movable submedianmarginal teeth present on telson; uropodal endopod with strongproximal fold on outer margin.Type-species.?Lysiosquilla multifasciata Wood-Mason, 1895.Remarks.?Manning (1968b) gave a key to the five Indo-WestPacific species of this genus. In addition to the single species A.acanthocarpus (Claus) recorded below from West Pakistan, three ofthe five Indo-West Pacific species are known from the western IndianOcean and might occur off West Pakistan. Acanthosquilla humesiManning is known only from Madagascar, but both A. multifasciata(Wood-Mason) and A. vicina (Nobili) were reported from the RedSea by Ingle (1963). 1. Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus (Claus, 1871)Figure 3Lysiosquilla acanthocarpus.?Kemp, 1913, p. 120.?Chopra, 1934, p. 30. ? Tiwari and Biswas, 1952, p. 359.?Barnard, 1962, p. 243.AcantJiosquilla acanthocarpus.? Holthuis, 1967a, p. 3 [references].?Manning,1968b, p. 33 [key].?Chhapgar and Sane, 1968, p. 45 [key].Material.?1 9 , 52 mm; Manora Island, Karachi; 17 February 1965; ZoologicalSurvey Reg. no. 1912.Description.?Eye small, cornea globular, faintly bilobed, slightlywider than stalk (fig. 36); antennal scale elongate; antennal protopodwith 1 mesial and 1 ventral papilla; rostral plate (fig. 3a) as long asbroad, subquadrate, with carinate median spine; lateral margins ofrostral plate feebly sinuous and slightly convergent anteriorly,anterolateral angles truncate; carapace smooth, rounded antero-lateraUy and posterolateraUy ; cervical groove scarcely distinct evenon lateral plates; dactylus of raptorial claw with 8 teeth (fig. 3c),penultimate smaller than either ultimate or antipenultimate; outer 10 PROCEiEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM margin of dactylus with 2 proximal lobes, distal slightly larger andmore obtuse; upper margin of propodus \\dth 4 large, movable,proximal spines and a row of 5 smaller spines extending distally; Figure 3. ? Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus (Claus), female, TL 52 mm, Manora Island: a,outline of anterior portion of body to show color pattern; h, eyes; c, raptorial claw; d, fourthmaxilliped; e, telson and uropod, dorsal view;/, same, ventral view. NO. 3668 CRUSTAOEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 11dorsal ridge of carpus produced into a spine; mandibular palp 3-segmented; 5 epipods present; lateral processes of last 3 thoracicsomites rounded anterolaterally and posterolaterally ; abdomenelongate, depressed, loosely articulated, widest at fourth and fifthsomites; posterolateral angles of sixth somite produced into sharpspines; sixth somite also with ventrally directed process on eachside in front of articulation of uropods; telson (figs. 3e, f) almosttwice as broad as long, -with 4 pairs of fixed marginal teeth, sub-medians movable; 6 submedian denticles present on each side ofmidline, arranged in a transverse row, and 1 fixed denticle presentbetween each of the marginal teeth; spines of dorsal surface extendingto or slightly beyond margin; basal segment of uropod with dorsalspine; outer margin of proximal segment of exopod mth 6 gradedmovable spines, last extending beyond midlength of distal segment;inner spine of basal prolongation of uropod longer and stouter.Color.?Carapace with 3 more or less distinct bands of dark color(fig. 3a), posterolateral angles also dark; rostral plate uniformly darkexcept at base, speckled with darker cliromatophores; fifth thoracicsomite light; last 3 thoracic and first 5 abdominal somites each withbroad, dark band in middle of segment, median portion of band oneach somite darker than lateral portions; band on last abdominalsomite lighter than on remainder of body; telson light; uropod withdark proximal patch, exopod with dark spot at articulation of distalsegment, endopod dark beyond dorsal fold.Discussion.?Acanthosguilla acanthocarpus can be distinguishedfrom A. multifasciata by several features. In the latter species, thetwo lobes on the dactylus of the claw are not subequal in size, but thedistal is much larger than the proximal; the submedian denticles ofthe telson are not arranged in a transverse row, as in A. acanthocarpus,but in two curved rows; and there are but two pairs of marginal teethon the telson, not four as in the present species.Acanthosquilla vicina (NobiH), which has been recorded from theRed Sea, differs from both A. acanthocarpus and A. multifasciata inhaving 10-11 teeth on the dactylus of the claw, rather than 5 to8, and in having sharp anterolateral angles on the rostral plate.Distribution.?Indo-West Pacific region, from the western IndianOcean and Mogambique to Australia and Indo-Malaya. It has notbeen recorded previously from West Pakistan.Lysiosquilla Dana, 1852Diagnosis.?Cornea bilobed; rostral plate cordiform, \vith apicalspine; 1 mesial and 2 ventral antennal papillae present; mandibularpalp present; dorsal surface of telson with at most a low median boss, 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125 unarmed; telson usually lacking movable submedian teeth; uropodalendopod lacking strong proximal fold on outer margin.Type-species.?Lysiosquilla inornata Dana, 1852.Remarks.?Four species of Lysiosquilla occur in the Indo-WestPacific region. One species, L. capensis Hansen, is known only fromoff South Africa; the other three have wider ranges. Only L. tredecim-dentata Holthuis is known to occur off West Pakistan. The commonestspecies in the Indo-West Pacific region, L. maculata (Fabricius) , couldbe expected off West Pakistan, but there are no authenticated recordsof that species from the northwestern Indian Ocean. Manning (1968b)gave a key to the Indo-West Pacific species. 2. Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata Holthuis, 1941Figure 4Lysiosquilla maculata.?Chopra, 1939, p. 161.?Holthuis, 1967a, p. 40.Lysiosquilla maculata var. tredecimdentata Holthuis, 1941, p. 273, fig. 6.Lysosquilla maculata.?Baig, 1954, p. 143 [erroneous speUing].Lysiosquilla maculata tredecimdentata.?Manning, 1963, p. 317 [listed].Lysiosquilla maculata maculata.?Ingle, 1963, p. 23 [part; not figs. 23, 45, 61, 72].Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata.?Holthuis, 1967a, p. 23 [references].?Manning, 1968b,p. 38, fig. 13.Material.?20^, 120-259 mm; off Karachi; Central Fisheries Department,Karachi.Description.?Eye large, cornea bilobed, set obliquely on stalk;ocular scales separate, broad, truncate dorsaUy; anterior margin ofopthalmic somite produced into a median spine; anterior margin ofbasal segment of antenna with triangular projection (fig. 4a) ; anten-nal scale slender, 3 times as long as wide; rostral plate heart shaped,broader than long, with median carina on anterior half; carapacesmooth, rounded anterolaterally and posterolateraUy; raptorial clawlarge, dactylus with 11-12 teeth (13 in holotype); dorsal ridge ofcarpus of claw wdth deflexed spine; lateral process of fifth thoracicsomite inconspicuous, lateral processes of next 2 somites flattenedlaterally, rounded anterolaterally, more truncate posterolateraUy;ventral keel of eighth thoracic somite with acute posterior projection;abdominal somites unarmed, smooth, depressed, sixth somite wdthUTegular surface laterally; telson much broader than long, with low,triangular, median boss, submedian bosses present but less distinct;lateral margin of telson pitted; posterolateral margin of telson with4 pairs of fixed projections, innermost obtuse, outermost spiniform;submedian margin smooth, unarmed, indented along midline; uro-podal exopod with 8 movable spines on outer margin of proximalsegment; inner spine of basal prolongation of uropod much the longer. CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 13Color.?Carapace with 3 dark bands, posteriormost narrowestand darkest; antennal scale outlined in black color; each body seg-ment with a dark, transverse band; telson with an uninterrupted Figure 4. ? Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata Holthuis, male, TL 120 mm, from off Karachi:a, anterior portion of body; b, last abdominal somite, telson, and uropod; c, petasma.(Setae omitted.) 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125transverse dark band, anterior margin and submedian portion ofposterior margin lighter; uropodal exopod with dark spot at articu-lation of distal segment, apex of distal segment lighter; uropodalendopod dark.Discussion.?LysiosquUla tredecimdentata is very similar in gen-eral appearance to L. maculata (Fabricius), a common Indo-WestPacific species, but Holthuis's species differs in several importantrespects as follows: (1) the ocular scales are broad and truncatedorsally; (2) the anterior margm of the antennal peduncle is pro-duced into an acute projection (fig. 4a) whereas it is straight in L.maculata; (3) the antennal scale is slender and outlined in darkcolor rather than oval with a dark patch on the surface; (4) thereare more teeth on the claw, 11-13 rather than 9-11; and (5) theventral keel of the eighth thoracic somite is produced into a posteriorspine and is not evenly rounded.The petasma of the smaller male is shown in figure 4c. The hookprocess is extremely reduced; the tube process is slender, andretinaculae are confined to the distal half.Manning (1968b) gave a detailed account of this species fromMadagascar and suggested that the accounts of Chopra (1939) andIngle (1963) based on a specimen from Aden identified as L. maculatamight be referable to L. tredecimdentata. Since that manuscript wascompleted, one of us (R.B. M.) has had an opportunity of examhiingthese authors' material at the British Museum. The single specimenfrom Aden, a female, TL 156 mm, clearly belongs to L. tredecim-dentata.The larger of the two specimens reported herein is probably thespecimen on which Baig's record of L. macidata from Karachi wasbased.DisTEiBUTioN.?Western Indian Ocean, from Aden, West Pakistan,and Madagascar.Family Gonodactylidae Giesbrecht, 1910Diagnosis.?Propodi of third, foiu-th, and fifth thoracic append-ages longer than broad, not beaded or ribbed ventrally (fig. 96);telson with sharp median dorsal carina and no more than 2 mter-mediate denticles on margm.Remarks.?Tln'ee of the genera assigned to this family by Manning(1968a) occur off West Pakistan; they may be distinguished by use ofthe key given below.Four species in other genera, reported from the Red Sea by Ingle(1963), could also be expected to occur off West Pakistan. These are:(1) Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius), which has a wide distribution NO. 3666 CRUSTACEA?^TIRMIZI AND MANNING 15in the Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic regions; (2) P. megalophthalmaBigelow, a rare Indo-West Pacific species; (3) Eurysquilla sewelli(Chopra), known only from the Red Sea; and (4) Mesadurus brevis-quamatus (Paul'son), known to occur in the Red Sea and westernIndian Ocean as well.Key to Genera of Gonodactylidae from West Pakistan 1. Dactylus of raptorial claw with 4 teeth; basal prolongation of uropod withspines on inner margin ManningiaDactylus of raptorial claw unarmed; basal prolongation of uropod lackingspines on inner margin 22. Rostral plate sharply trispinous (fig. 6o); anterolateral angles of carapacenot extending beyond base of rostral plate; sixth abdominal somite fusedwithtelson ProtosquiliaRostral plate with median spine, anterolateral angles at most acute, notspiniform (fig. 7a) ; anterolateral angles of carapace extending beyond baserostral plate; sixth abdominal somite not fused with telson . GonodactylusManningia Serene, 1962Diagnosis.?Cornea bilobed, outer margin of eye longer thaninner; rostral plate pentagonal; carapace unarmed, cervical grooveindicated on lateral plates only; raptorial claw stout, dactylus with4 teeth, propodus fully pectinate, carpus with 2 dorsal spines; fifthand sixth abdominal somites with carinae; telson with median carinaand 5 pairs of lateral carinae on dorsal surface; submedian teeth oftelson approximated, submedian denticles absent; 2 intermediatedenticles present; intermediate and lateral denticles each flanked bysharp ventral denticle; basal prolongation of uropod terminating in2 spines, with spinules on inner margin.Type-species.?Pseudosquilla pilaensis de Man, 1888.Discussion.?Manning (1967a) reviewed the known species ofManningia and pointed out that the specimen reported from theGulf of Aden by Nobili (1906) and others probably belonged to anew species. Because of the fragmented nature of the single specimenknown from there, the species was not described. Since that studywas completed, additional specimens from the Red Sea have beenstudied by L. B. Holthuis (1967b), who has described species as new,A single specimen of this species is reported herein from West Pakistan.Manningia pilaensis (de Man), recently recorded from Bombay byChhapgar and Sane (1968), could also occur off West Pakistan.Two other species of Manningia have been recorded from localitiesin the Indo-West Pacific region, but neither of these are known tooccur in the western Indian Ocean. Manning (1967a) provided a keyto aU of the species then known. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 1253. Manningia amabilis Holthuis, 1967Manningia amabilis Holthuis, 1967b, p. 16, figs. 4-5.Manningia species Manning, 1967a, p. 5, fig. 1 [other references].Material.? 1 cf, 37 mm; western end of Astola Island, ca. 177 miles west ofKarachi; rocks, sand, scanty, scattered coral; 0-8 ft; L. P. Woods, et al.; Sta.LW-1; IIOE; 27 November 1963; USNM.Diagnosis.?Rostral plate subpentagonal, rounded anterolater-aUy, lacking apical spine; ocular scales fused basally, apices separate;antennal protopod with 1 ventral papilla; dactylus of claw with 4teeth; merus of claw lacking inferodistal spine on outer surface;sixth abdominal somite with 3 pairs of dorsal carinae, each armedposteriorly, low accessory carina present between submedians andintermediates; telson with median carina and 5 pairs of dorsalcarinae, accessory medians subdivided into 2 tubercles, remainderen the; submedian and intermediate carinae each with blunt posteriorlobe; basal prolongation of uropod with teeth on inner margin,lacking rounded lobe between distal spines.Color.?Body completely covered with light bro\vn chromato-phores arranged in no particular pattern.Discussion.?This species of Manningia closely resembles M.notialis Manning from Australia but differs from it as follows:(1) the ocular scales are fused; (2) the rostral plate is more roundedanterolaterally; (3) there is a low ridge on the sixth abdominalsomite lateral to each submedian carina; and (4) the accessorymedian carinae of the telson are divided into two blunt lobes, notthi'ee spined ones.A more complete account of this species, including illustrations,has been published by L. B. Holthuis (1967b) in a paper on thestomatopods of the Red Sea that was issued after this paper wassubmitted for pubhcation.Distribution.?Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Astola Island, WestPakistan; it has not been recorded previously from the latter locality.Protosquilla Brooks, 1886Diagnosis.?Cornea subglobular or bilobed; rostral plate sharplytrispinous; anterolateral margins of carapace not extending beyondbase of rostral plate; mandibidar palp present; sixth abdominalsomite fused ^\dth telson; basal segment of uropodal exopod notextending beyond articulation of distal segment, marginal spinesstraight.Type-species.?Gonodactylus folini A. Milne-Edwards, 1868.Remarks.?Protosquilla includes the species assigned by Kemp(1913) to Gonodactylus Group III. Three species of Protosquilla NO. 3666 CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 17have been recorded from the northwestern Indian Ocean, and twoof these occur off West Pakistan. The third species, P. spinosissima(Pfeffer, 18S8), has been recorded from the Red Sea by Ingle (1963)and could be expected to occur off Pakistan.Key to Protosquilla from West PakistanDorsal bosses of telson not extending posteriorly past midlength; posteriormargin of telson with 4 pairs of teeth P. pulchellaDorsal bosses of telson extending almost to posterior margin; posterior marginof telson with 3 pairs of teeth P. lenzi4. Protosquilla pulchella (Miers, 1880)Figure 5Gonodadylus pulchellus.?Kemp, 1913, p. 177, pi. 10 (figs. 117-118).?Chopra,1934, p. 41.?Holthuis, 1941, p. 288, fig. 9b [older references].?Ingle, 1963,p. 30, figs. 29, 49.Gonodadylus pulchellurs.?Tirmizi, 1967, p. 35, fig. 2 [erroneous spelHng].Protosquilla pulchella.?Holthuis, 1967b, p. 42.?Manning, 1968b, p. 54.Material.?2 9 , 28-35 mm; western end of Astola Island, ca. 177 mileswest of Karachi; rocks, sand, scanty, scattered coral; 0-8 ft; L. P. Woods, et al.;Sta. LW-1; IIOE; 27 November 1963; USNM.? IcT, 45 mm; off Karachi;University of Karachi; USNM.?4cf, 36-49 mm; 6 fragmented specimens;G. M. Hut, about 22 miles west of Karachi; Zoological Survey no. 1898.? 1 broken cT, CL 8.7 mm; 3 9 (2 broken), 45 mm; off Karachi; University of Karachi.Description.?Anterior margin of ocular scales sinuous, scalesproduced laterally into acute lobes; eyes usually extending beyondend of basal segment of antennular peduncle; cornea subglobular;rostral plate sharply trispinous, median spine slenderer and longerthan laterals; anterolateral margins of lateral plates of carapace con-cave, anterolateral angles acute but rounded; mandibular palp 2-segmented; dactylus of claw (fig. 5c) lacking basal notch on outermargin ; first 4 abdominal somites almost smooth, at most marked byobscure lateral grooves; fifth abdominal somite with pits arranged in2 rows on either side of ridge separating the smooth median portionfrom irregular lateral portions of somite; carinae of sixth abdominalsomite and telson covered with short hairs; distal margin of telson(fig. 5d) divided into 2 halves by long, narrow, median fissure, distalmargin of each half with 4 teeth or lobes, submedians with movableapices; several small submedian denticles present and 1 denticlepresent between each of remaining teeth ; dorsal surface of telson with3 bosses (fig. 5d) median triangular, external bosses on each siderounded or oval, not extending much past midlength of telson ; surfaceof telson appearing pitted rather than coarsely reticulate; outer spineof basal prolongation of uropod (fig. 5e) much larger than inner. S13-150?6S 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUMColor.?Faded in most specimens; male has dark rectangularpatches on the sixth thoracic and first and fourth abdominal somites,color most prominent on first abdominal somite; other specimens show-traces of light banding over the body.Discussion.?The presence of short hairs on the dorsal surface ofthe last abdominal somite and telson, the smaller lateral dorsal bosseson the telson, and the four pairs of marginal teeth on the telson willimmediately distinguish this species from P. lenzi.The hook process of the petasma of P. pulchella is well developedand extends beyond the tube process. The latter is ornamented wdtha triangular projection, the margins armed with small blunt spines. Figure 5, ? Protosquilla pulchella (Miers), female, TL 45 mm, off Karachi: a, carapace androstral plate; b, eye; c, raptorial claw; d, last abdominal somite, telson and uropod; e,uropod, ventral view. Female (broken), off Karachi: /, outline of telson. Male, TL 45 mmG. M. Hut: g, petasma. CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND IVIANNING 19One specimen, a female from off Karachi, has an abnormal telson,A\-ith five marginal teeth developed on the left side; it is shown infigure 5/.Distribution.?Indian Ocean, from the Ked Sea and the coast ofAfrica to Australia. It was recorded previously from West PakistanbyTirmizi (1967). 5. ProtosquiJla lend (Holthuis, 1941)Figure 6GonodacUjlus glaber.?Kemp, 1913, p. 1S2, pi. 10 (fig. 121).Gonodaclylus lenzi Holthuis, 1941, p. 288 [older references].?Tiwari and Biswas,1952, p. 362.?Ingle, 1963, p. 31, fig. 31.Protosquilla lenzi.?Tirmizi, 1967, p. 32, fig. 1.?Holthuis, 1967b, pp. 36, 42. ? Manning, 1968b, p. 54.Material.?29, 27-42 mm; G. M. Hut, about 22 miles west of Karachi; 13February 1965; University of Karachi.?3cf , 21-32 mm; 4 ? , 24-35 mm; westernend of Astola Island, ca. 177 miles west of Karachi; rocks, sand, scanty, scatteredcoral; 0-8 ft; L. P. Woods, et al.; Sta. LW-1; IIOE; 27 November 1963; USNM.Description.?Anterior margin of ocular scales rounded, scalesacute but rounded laterally; eyes extending beyond end of first seg-ment of antennular peduncle; cornea subglobular; rostral plate Figure 6. ? Protosquilla lenzi (Hohhuis), female, TL 42 mm, G. M. Hut: a, carapace androstral plate; b, eyes; c, propodus and dactylus of raptorial claw; d, last abdominal somite,telson, and uropod. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125 sharply trispinous, median spine slenderer and longer than laterals;anterior margins of lateral plates of carapace concave, anterolateralangles rounded; mandibular palp 2-segmented; dactylus of claw withprominent notch on outer margin; first 4 abdominal somites smooth,with lateral groove flanked doreally by sKghtly irregular area; fifthsomite smooth dorsally, mth 2 broad longitudinal swollen areas abovelateral margin; carinae of sixth abdominal somite and telson smooth,not ornamented with setae; distal margin of telson (fig. Qd) dividedinto 2 halves by long, narrow, median fissure, distal margin of eachhalf with 3 teeth or lobes, submedians with movable apices; severalsmall submedian denticles present, at most 1 very small intermediateand lateral denticle present, either or both occasionally missing;dorsal surface of telson with 3 bosses, median rounded, smaller thanmore oval submedians, which extend posteriorly beyond midlengthof telson (fig. 6d); outer spine of basal prolongation much broaderand larger than inner.CoLoit.?Body marked with diffuse bands of dark chromatophores;sixth thoracic somite with median and lateral dark patches, sevenththoracic and first abdominal somites with dark median patch; telsonwith small dark spot at anterior end of each submedian boss.Discussion.?These specimens agree well with accounts of thisspecies in the literature.Protosquilla pulchella (Miers), the only other species of this genusknown from West Pakistan, differs in having the dorsal surface ofthe sixth abdominal somite and telson covered with short hairs,in having smaller submedian bosses on the dorsal surface of thetelson, and in having four pairs of marginal teeth on the telson.One of the males from Astola Island differs from the remainderof the specimens in having but two teeth on one side of the telsonmargin.Distribution.?Indo-West Pacific region, from the westernIndian Ocean to the Philippines. It was recorded from West Pakistanby Tirmizi (1967). Gonodactyius Berthold, 1827Diagnosis.?Cornea subglobular; rostral plate with apical spine,anterolateral angles usually rounded, rarely acute, not spiniform;anterolateral margins of carapace extending beyond base of rostralplate; mandibular palp present; dactylus of claw unarmed, inflatedbasally; sixth abdominal somite free, not fused with telson; basalsegment of uropodal exopod extending beyond articulation of distalsegment, marginal spines straight.Type-species.?Gonodactyius chiragra (Fabricius, 1781). NO. 3668 CRUSTACEA?TIRMIZI AND MANNING 21Remarks.?This genus includes the species assigned by Kemp(1913) in his monograph of the Indo-West Pacific stomatopods toGonodactylus Group I. Nine species have been reported from thenorthwestern Indian Ocean, and representatives of four of these arereported herein. The other five species, not now known to occuroff West Paldstan, are: (1) G. platysoma Wood-Mason, 1895, a commonspecies characterized by its broad body and by the presence of onlytwo pairs of marginal teeth on the telson, the laterals being absent;(2) G. falcatus (ForskM, 1775), also a common species, which hasfive dorsal carinae in the center of the telson; (3) G. choprai Manning,a small, possibly rare species from moderate depths that lacks thefixed distal spine on the ventral surface of the proximal segment ofthe uropodal exopod; (4) G. spinosus Bigelow, a small species relatedto G. lanchesteri Manning and G. demanii Henderson (both reportedbelow), which has a narrow telson tapering distally, with the inter-mediate teeth poorly developed, numerous small dorsal spinules onthe telson, and a normal complement of setae on the uropod; and(5) G. segregatus Lanchester, a small species inhabiting moderatedepths, which resembles G. choprai but has the distal ventral spineon the proximal segment of the uropod exopod. Any of these speciescould occur off West Pakistan if suitable habitats were available.The four species of Gonodactylus now known from West Pakistanmay be distinguished by means of the following key.Key to Gonodactylus from West Pakistan 1. Dorsal surface of telson lacking spinules 2Dorsal surface of telson with spinules 32. Anterolateral angles of rostral plate rounded; carinae of telson inflated,marginal teeth blunt G. chiragraAnterolateral angles of rostral plate acute; carinae of telson slender, usuallywith apical spinule, marginal teeth sharp G. smithii3. Uropodal endopod completely fringed with setae G. lanchesteriMost of inner margin of uropodal endopod smooth, nonsetose, 10 or lessproximal setae present G. demanii6. Gonodactylus chiragra (Fabricius, 1781)Figure 7Gonodactylus chiragra.?Kemp, 1913, p. 155, fig. 2 on p. 161, pi. 9 (fig. 107). ? Holthuis, 1941, p. 277, fig. 7 [older references].?Barnard, 1950, p. 861.?Baig, 1954, p. 143.?Manning, 1966, p. 113.?Holthuis, 1967b, pp. 25, 41.?Manning, 1968b, p. 43.?Chhapgar and Sane, 1968, p. 45 [key].Material.?2cf, 1 soft, other 68 mm; 4 9 , 43-78 mm; off Karachi; Universityof Karachi.?1 9 , 74 mm; Hyderabad; University of Karachi.? 1 9 , 52 mm;Manora Island, Karachi; S. M. H. Balgrammi; 10 October 1953; Zoological Sur-vey reg. no. 272.? Icf, 71 mm; 1 9 > 69 mm; same; N. Tirmizi, R. B. Manning, 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM et al. ; 9 March 1967; University of Karachi. ? Id', 77 mm; off Karachi; Mo-hammed Abdullah el Husseini; USNM.?Icf, 53 mm; 1 9 , 52 mm; off Karachi;USNM.? 1 9 , 73 mm; Pasni, Makran coast; F. Townsend; BMNH reg. no. 1898.5.23.2. ? Q