SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U. S. FISH COM-MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS.[Published by permission of Hon. Mjtrshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. 1No. XVIII.?LIST OF FISHES OBTAINED IN THE HARBOR OF BAHIA, BRA-ZIL, AND IN ADJACENT WATERS.BYDavid Starr Jordan,President of (he University of Indiana.lu the wiuter aud spring of 1887 aud 1888, tbe steamer Albatrossmade a cruise from Norfolk, Ya., to San Francisco in the service ofthe U. S. Fish Commission. The collection made at this time in theharbor of Bahia and a small collection made in deep water off Cape SanMatios in northeastern Patagonia form the subject of the present paper.The collection from Bahia includes one hundred and twelve species.As the number of specimens taken does not exceed two hundred it isevident that the results which would have come from extensive col-lecting might have been exceedingly valuable.The following is au annotated list of the species obtained : GALEORHINID^.1. Scoliodon terrae-novae (Richardson).One specimen. Scoliodon lalandi is the same species.SPHYRNID^.2. Sphyrna tiburo (L).One specimen. RHINOBATID^.3. Rhinobatus electricus (Bloch ?fe Schneider).One specimen. Cartilages very narrow; snout long; upper partswith bluish white spots of the size of the pupil. This is Bhinohatnsundulatus Olfers, but the misleading name, electricus, is much older.AETOBATID^.4. Stoasodon narinari (Eupbraseu)One head preserved. ALBOLIDiE.5. Albula vulpes (L).Common. Proceedings Kational Museum?Vol. XIII, No. 829. 313 314 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.CLUPEID^.6. Harengula humeralis (Cuv. & Val,).Several specimens. 7. Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur).Several specimens. STOLEPHORID^.8. Stolephorus browni (Gmelin).Common. 9. Lycengraulis grossidens (Cuv. &Val.).One specimen. This species is well described by Dr Giinther.SYNODONTID^.10. Synodus fcetens (L.)Several specimens. Scales 59-60 ; anal 12. These specimens evi-dently correspond to the ruber of Lace[)ede, the sirixianus of Foey, andthe longirostris of Agassiz. They agree fnlly with Cnban specimens^but the latter have more sharply defined coloration. I see no differ-ence between these Brazilian specimens and Synodusfcetens from SouthCarolina. The dorsal in all has the first long ray about reaching tip oflast ray when depressed. The specimen of fcetens measured by Pro-fessor Meek had the dorsal mutilated and on this character chiefly herecognizes spixianus as a distinct species.11. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster).Several specimens. Light brown ; three or more lengthwise stripesof yellowish alternating with brown, the upper stripe just above lateralline and edged with darker; a whitish streak along lateral line; aboutsix diffuse brown cross-blotches on side of back, these ceasing justbelow lateral line ; a brown band along sides above uppermost yellow-ish streak, the back above this mottled and cross-blotched. A largeblack scapular blotch. Fins nearly plain. Top of head vermiculatedwith darker. A dark brown band from eye across lower jaw. Snoutvery short, shorter than eye ; teeth slender, smaller and closer set thanin Synodus. Pectoral very short, not quite 2 in head, but scarcelyreaching beyond front of ventrals which are very long?as long ashead?and reaching vent, and are also farther forward than in Synodus.Anal unusually large, 1:^ in head, 1^ to 1^ times dorsal, and of 15rays. Dorsal also longer than usual, of about 11 rays. Anal 4f inbody ; (anal 7f in Synodus.) Vent at tip of last dorsal ray in Traehi-nocephalus. It is far behind dorsal, nearer adipose fin in Synodus.Trachinocephalus is much stouter than Synodus, with short, blunt,compressed head. In Syfiodus, the head is depressed, with flat tri-angular snout ; smaller scales. These two groups may vary into each '?l'89o'."'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 315 other, but in view of the difference in the place of the vent they maybe considered as separate genera. The vent is very slightly nearerbase of caudal than the axil of the pectoral in Trachrhiocephahis. InSynodiis,t]ie vent is much nearer base of caudal than base of ventrals.This must be Synodiis hrevirostris Poey, said to have 10 anal rays andventral under middle of pectoral. In most other respects Poey'sdescription agrees, and is doubtless the same species.EXOCCETIDuE.12. Tylosurus subtruncatus (Poey).One specimen, agreeing entirely with those from Cuba. This is prob-ably the Tiniucu of Marcgrave, but not the Belone tiniucu of Cuv. &Val. 13. Hemiramphus pleii (Cuv. & Val.).Scales 53; ventrals midway between base of caudal and middle ofpectorals. This species is probably identical with Hemiramphus hrasil-iensis. The latter name is the older.14. Hemiramphus uuifasciatus Ranzaui.i^Turaerous young specimens.MUR^NID.^.15. Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier).One adult. 16. Gymnothorax funebris (Ranzani).Adult and young.17. Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau).One adult. This is probably 3fitrcenophis vicina of Castelnau, butprobably not his M, camanirn. The specimen from Cuba called by meelsewhere Sidera vicina is probably also different. I can not distinguishthe Miirwna maculipinnis of Kaup from this species. Brown, mottledwith darker brown; angle of mouth dusky; dorsal edged with dusky,anal with whitish ; dorsal mottled like the body ; no black spot at gillopening; eye, 2 in snout; mouth, 2^ in head; taillonger than body ; jaws closing completely ; maxillary teeth in one row ; head 1^^^ in trunk.CONGRID^.18. Muraenesox savanna (Cuvier).Brown above, silvery below ; dorsal and anal edged with black ; pec-toral with black tip ; dorsal beginning just before pectoral; pectoralas long as maxillary, 2^ in head. Eye, 2^ in snout; edges, 4i in head.Teeth not lobed, but the surface uneven. This is evidently CongerlimhatuH Castelnau. 316 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.SYNGNATHID^.19. Siphostoma crinitum (Jenyns).Three specimens. Dorsal about 20 ; dorsal rings 1 + 4 to 1 + 5. Bodyrings, 17 + 34 to 36. Lateral line passing into lower part of tail. Thethree specimens are differently colored ; one female is black, darkestbelow, with ten cross-bands of white, each with dark before it. Anotherfemale is gray, belly black ; ten pairs of black cross-bars with whitishbetween them. Lateral line, opercle, and a bar across the eye, black.The male is wholly different, dark brown, with twenty-two cross-barssharply defined but unequal ; additional white spots on belly, roundishwhite spots and other irregularities breaking up some of the bands.Snout mostly white, top of head mesially dark ; dark on opercle andbelow eye; white marks around the dark on top of head. Snout veryshort, turned up, shorter than postorbital. Top of head and superciliumcrested, more so in the female. A median ridge on top of snout, moredistinct and serrate in the female, entire in the male. Edge of platesmore distinct than in the female. A ridge the whole length of operclein both sexes. Female with slender black filament over the eye. Head,3 in trunk ; trunk, 2 in tail. Siphostoma crinigerum of Bean is closelyallied, but the snout notably longer and slenderer; caudal longer.Siphostoma zatropis is also similar, but its caudal rings are much fewer.The name Siphostoma albirostre (Kauij) should i)robably supersedezatropis. Corythroichthys vittatus of Kaup is j)robably the male ofSiphostoma crinitum. FISTULARIID^.20. Fistularia tabaccaria (L.)'One specimen. Body above with numerous round bluish spots. Thisis Aulostoma marcgravei of Castelnau.MUGILID^.21. Mugil gaimardiauus (Desmarest).Scales, 36. Soft dorsal black on its lobe ; no black at base of pec-toral ; caudal edged with dark ; teeth very small ; distance from top ofpectoral to dorsal one-third length of pectoral, not one-sixth as inCuban examples, which we refer to the same species. 22. Querimana curvidens (Cuv. & Val.).Eleven specimens, the largest 2^ inches. Blue, paler below ; axildusky. Lips larger than in Miigil. Ciliiform teeth quite large, thosein lower jaw turned downwards and outwards all around the jaws,those in upper jaw larger, normally i)laced. Head 3| ; depth 3f . AniII, 9, scaly. Scales 36. Pectoral short, not reaching dorsal. ''^isgo"''] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 317SPHYR^NIDiE.23. Sphyraena picudilla Poey.One specimen. First dorsal opposite ventrals, and much behindpectoral. Scales, 115. POLYNEMID^.24. Polydactylus virginicus (L).Filaments, 7 ; teeth in a narrow band -, scales, 57 ; anal, II, 14 or 15 ; pectorals and tips of both dorsals black. I can not distinguish thisfrom Cuban specimens, nor can I se^^-drate Polynemus oligodon from it.SCOMBRID.E.25. Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchell).One specimen. CARANOID.'?fMS,are probably adults of leueostictus, from which they differ in daikercolor and greater depth.Those called the female of obscuratus are probably different fromleiicostictus and are Pomacentrus obscuratus. In these thco profile of thehead is very blunt and convex in every direction. The color is verydark and th re is no spot except a few blue ones on the head and sidesand a dark shade on the base of the pectoral. The body is deeper thaniu the adult offuscus (depth, 2^ in length in fuscus ; 2 in obscuratus).82. Pomacentrus caudalis Poey.One of the specimens from Bahia corresponds with Toey's caudalisand probably does not belong to Pomacentrus fuscus. It is very slightlymore elongate, its coloration is largely yellow, the fins not black ; bluepoints on heail, base of caudal, and anal; axil dark; a black blotch ondorsal and one on back of caudal peduncle larger than in the young offuscus and less ocellate. The forehead is less decurved, and there is awhite dot at base of List anal ray. Perhai)s caudalis also is one of theprotean forms assumt d hy fuscus, and it may be that the Pomacentruspictus of Castelnau, brown, with the caudal mostly yellow, is one of theforms of the same fish.83. Chromis margiuatus (Castelnau).Several specimens. Dorsal spines, 12 ; scales, 3-30-10 ; gill-rakersnumerous, long, and slender; pectoral a little longer than head, notquite reaching anal ; upper lobe of caudal longest, the fins deeplyforked ; color, bluish olive, a black spot within axil and on base ofpectoral ; dorsal black, except the last rays ; each lobe of the pointedcaudal black, the middle of the tin i)ale ; traces of three lengthwisestripes of yellow on the body.This sj)ecies is close to Furcaria eyanea Poey, but this species hasblue si)ots on tlie scales. The Pacific coast species, Chromis atrilobatusGill, is quite distinct from marginatus. 84, Glyphisodon saxatilis (L.).Young specimens, One specimen. LABRIDyE.85. Harpe lufa (L. ). VOI>. XI"?] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 32586. HalicUoeres dimidiatus (Agassiz). {Julis internasalis Foey.)These specimens agree well with those from Cuba described in Proc.U. S. Nat. i\Ius., 1880, 02. The blue band from eye to nape is broaderbehind and it is edged everywhere by deeper bine. This species isprobably the Labrm cyanocephaJns of Bloch, as Castelnau has suggested,but the figure is too i)Oor to permit identification.All the American species of HaUeha'res agree in having the anteriorcanines f. Most of the E ist Indian species of this group have thecanines H- and none of them f. Tliis character might be taken to definea subgenus or genus containing all the American species, hithertoreferred to, Platt/glonsus, CJuvrojulis or Halichoeres. The name Ichtky-callus was applied by Swainson to a number ot species of Julidinw, dis-tinguished from the others by fallacious or imaginary characters. As,however, H. dimidiatus is the species first named by Swainson, it maybe taken as the type of Ichthycallus, and the name may be used todesignate these Halichceres with the teeth |. These are rndiatns,nicholsi, sellifer, dimidiatus, garnoH, maculipinna, bivittatus, dispilus,poeyi, and caudalis.87. Halichoeres poeyi (Steindacbner). (Julis crotaphu8 C. & V., not of Cuvier.)Three specimens. This species is i)robal)ly distinct from the onewhich I have heretofore called Halichceres or Platyglossus caudalis. Theform of the caudal fin is the same and both have the black spot behindthe eye. H. imeyi is, however, deeper in body, and the snout is decid-edly less acute. Depth, 4 in length ; snout, 2f in depth of body.In spirits, if. j}oe//i is pale, with traces of three dark cross-shrtdeswith i)aler interspaces; some traces of blue spots on scales; a bluestreak forward from eye ; a dark blue spot behind eye; above this agolden spor, very distinct in two specimens but obsolete in the largerone. Base of pectoral, bluish; an ink-like spot at base of last dorsalray. No marks evident on the fins.Tiiese specimens agree fairly with Steindachner's account of Platy-glossus poeyi (Ichth. Notiz, vi, 49, 1867), except that the eye is larger.Steindachner says, "Das Auge ist klein, Ci mal in der Kopfliinge, mitEinschluss des hautigen Lappens * * * ^ije Schnauzenlange biszum Oberlippenraud fast drei Augenliingen." In our examples thesnout is barely twice as long as the eye.88. Xyrichthys splendens Ca,steluan. {XijrUhlhys argentimaculatus Steindachner.)Two adult, one young exami)le, one of the adults being from nearCape San Roque (station 2759, 7? S., 34? 47' W.). The figure given byCastelnau is fairly correct, especially as regards form of the body. Thisis a deep, compressed species, with a bluntish, evenlj^ rounded profile,which is scarcely trenchant, the species being therefore intermediatebetween the typical Xyrichthys and Novaculichthys. Eye, If in width of 326 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.preorbital, not placed so high as in Xyrichthys novacula; preorbital 3^in head; depth of body, 3 in length; ventrals, 3 in body, produced iulong streameivs which extend past first thirtl of anal; dorsal and analeach ending in a sharp point behind; caudal rounded, first two dorsalspines a little shorter and a little less pungent than the rest, but verysimilar to them; lateral line on second iidl row of scales, 1.^ rows aboveit, the half row forming the dorsal sheath; scales, 28.Color now faded, probably red, with bine spots on scales; a largesquarish silvery blotch on middle of side of body, as large as cht ekand preopercle; within this silvery area is a diamond-shapel spot of jetblack, nearly covering a scale; sometimes a smaller spot below this.Head with ten vertical bars of dark blue, the interspaces yellowish; apale streak along each t-ide of snout, close to and parallel with edge ofprofile; dorsal with cross-streaks of light blue; anal with blue, withlongitudinal streaks of paler and darker; caudal cross bai red withdarker; a few small scales below eye.A younger specimen is bluer and has the ventral streamers shorter;little longer than head.A very young example has the ventrals extending little past front ofanal. In this the silvery area is obsolete, and the black lateral spotvery faint; no stripes on head. Tbe first two dorsal spines are elevatedand flexible; caudal cross barred with dark; dorsal and anal with ob-lique dark cross-streaks; back with very faint cross bars. This speci-men approaches very closely to Xyrichthys rosipes from Key West, andsuggests that the types of this species must be the young of some allyof Xyrichthys splenclens, possibly of Xyrichthys ventrolis Bean. We findiu fact no difference between A", rosipes and the young of A^ sjyiendens,except that in the former the first two dorsal spines are a little higherand the caudal fin not barred.89. Xyrichthys uuiocellatus Agassiz.Form much as in A", novacula, the head sharp-edged, and the pre-orbital very high. Eye 2^ in preorbital, which is 2^ in head; depth,3:^ in body. Ventrals, If in head, their filamentous tips reaching vent.Soft dorsal and anal pointed behind; dorsal spines pungent, the twoanterior shorter and not sharp.In alcohol very i)ale, perhaps once bright red; a blue vertical spoton each scale; head with twelve blue bars. A black ink-like ocellusbordered with blue at seventh dorsal spine ; a very obscure duskycross-band on body below it. No other mark.^ evident.90. Sparisoma frondosuni (Ciiviei). (? Spariia dinihictus, circitmiiotatns a,ni\ emargi-naliis Poey.)One adult; one young specimen, probably belonging to the speciescalled frondosuni by Cuvier, Agassiz. and Giinther. Three of the nom-inal species of Poey may belong here. """mo"''] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327Allied to Sparisoma Jiavescens ; tLe dentition the same. Xo posteriorcanines. Three scales on cheek. Caudal lunate, the angles short butsharp ; depth of body 3 in length.Mottled olive-brown ; a faint pale streak along lateral line ; three orfour similar ones below it, the interval brown and mottled ; a veryfaint pale blotch on back of tail with a dark brown blotch before andbehiuil it; three other dark blotches below dorsal; all these markingsobscure and diffuse. Dorsal mottled everywhere; caudal with darkcross-bars and pale spots, more sharply marked than in 8. jiavescens,its posterior margin ahrnpthj whitish; anal pale, mottled, and with fouroblique cross-bars of darker; pectoral pale, with paler mottlings, itsaxil pale brown, this mark much less distinct than the axillary spot inflavescens ; chin and snout dark; a pale band across chin; the mostsharply defined dark markings those on upper and lower edge of caudaland its peduncle.The young specimen has many dark points on the head and a darkopercular blotch. The whitish edge to the caudal is conspicuous, andthe pale streaks along the side.I have examined one of the specimens of 8. distinctuni sent by Poeyto the National JNluseum. It seems to be specifically identical with thespecies here described, but there is a distinct i>osterior canine on eachside.91. Sparisoma radians (Cuv. & Val.) {Scanis hicrimosiis Poey ; 1 Scarus alomariusPoey.)One adult; two young. Caudal slightly rounded; canines 3-4 oneach side, radiating ; depth 3 in body.Color dark brown, vaguely blotched with darker, the dark shadesforming faint bars ; a sharply defined blue streak from eye downwardand forward, especially distinct in the young; chin with a faint whitecross-band; axd dark; fins dark and .almost plain; only the andmottled.This species, which has not yet been taken on the coast of the UnitedStates, seems to be the original 8earus radians. The species has beenmore or less confused with the next.92. Sparisoma hoplomystax (Cope) (Sparisoma cyanolenc Jordau &. Swaiu).One specimen; the characteristic blue area about the pectorals verydistinct. More mottled than >S'. radians, with vague longitudinal .streaks along the side. Chin with two white cross-bands, the posteriorimperfect. A row of white specks bounding the blue of the pectorals.I see no reason to doubt that 8. hoplomystax was founded on a fadedexample of the species called 8. cyanolene.93. Cryptotomus roseus Cope.Three specimens. A very slender fish, with long and very flexible dor-sal spines, scarcely different from the soft rays. Scales on breast very 328 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.large; three before ventrals; tbree scales on cbeeks; five before dor-sals. Beptb, 4.i iu length ; bead very long, 3. Snout sharp, containingeye If times.Color in spirits brown, with four faint dark cross shades ; the backfinely mottled, tlie belly plain. A distinct dark spot at base of pec-toral. Caudal with dark cross-bars; dorsal mottled; other fins plain94. Scarus guacamaia Ciivier.One specimen; very dark in color.CEPHALACANTHID^.95. Cephalacanthus volitans (Linuaeus).One example. TRIGI.ID^.96. Piionotus punctatus (Bloch).One specimen. This species is allied to Prionotus ruhio, with whichit has been confounded, but differs sharply in the short pectoral, longgill-rakers, and in having a spine at the base of the preopercular spine.Our specimen agrees with the description given by Jordan & Hughes,except that it shouhl be transferred to // as having a larger mouththan the allies of P. carolinns. Maxillary 2^ to 2| in head and reachinghearly to eye. Spinous dorsal merely blotched and without blackocelhe ; pectoral dark, with three or four black bars ; body nearly plain,clouded with dark and with some round brown spots above; caudaldark barred; groove behind eye very faint; gill rakers rather long andslender ; a small spine on center of radiation of cheek and one before it.SCORP^NID^.97. Scorpeena brasiliensis (Cuv. & Val.).Identical with Florida specimens described as Scorpama stearnsi.GOBIID^.98. Gobuis soporator Cuv. &, Val.Common. BLENNIID^.99. Blennius cristatus L.Many specimens from Abrolhos Islands.Dorsal xii, 5. Nape with a fringed crest of ten to eighteen fila-ments. A small trifid tentacle above eye; posterior canines in lowerjaw only, short and small; gill membranes broadly united, nearly freefrom the isthmus. Dorsal slightly notched; nasal tentacle present.Color excessively variable, mostly grayish, with five or six cross blotcheson the back, extending to form quadrate blotches on the side. Body VOI,. XIII1890. ] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329mottled; tins also mottled; the anal dark, with a pale edge. Somespecimens highly variegated, the caudal banded and with black andwhite spots ; pale streaks from the eye across the cheek ; dark bars onrfides, extending on dorsal. Most specimens have the region aboveanal with nnmerous round whitish spots and some dark ones. Thesespots sometimes nearly obsolete, most evident on the paler specimens.The synonomy of this species is uncertain. It is evidently the Blenniuscrinitiis of Gunther and the Blennius asterias of Bean, probably thenuchifilis of Cuv. and Yal., and in all probability the cristattts ofLinnaius also. These nominal species are from various localities in theAtlantic. If our specimens are all alike, all these forms most likelybelong to one species.100. Salariichthys textilis (;Qnoy & Gaimanl).One si)ecimen from the Abrolhos Islands.Dorsal, xii, IG; anal, IS. Olive with 13 silvery cross streaks, nothalfas wide as the dark interspaces; some ofthe cross streaks Y-shaped.Both dorsals with cross markings, the second with twelve to thirteenstreaks of dark obliquely upward and backward, alternating with similarpale screaks. Cross bars on sides bent in middle, extending up andback and down and back from middle line parallel with muscular im-pressions. Sides with some obscure pale dots; caudal barred with 7dark bars; anal darkest mesially ; lower side of head with dark streaksradiating from the isthmus; bars at chin Y-shaped, upper part of headwith darker markings; pectoral nearly plain ; a dusky area at base belowwhich a dusky spot; marblings at base of dorsal; a few bluntish teethon vomer; tentacles very small, fringed over nostril and eye, simple onneck; canines quite short; depth 4|, head 4f; pectoral short, littlelonger than head ; gill membrane broadly united, free from isthmus;dorsal notched almost to base, free from caudal; orbital filament ^eye.This specimen agrees fairly with the account given by Jenyns, butJenyns describes five bars on the tail. It also agrees fairly with theaccount of the Bermuda specimens given by Goode. It is evidentlythe Sitlarias vomerinns of Cuv. & Val., and probably their textilis also;but their description of the latter does not apply very well to the color-ation of our specimen. BATRACHID^.101. Marcgravia cryptocentra (Cuv. & Yal.).Color, brown, clouded with black, the markings irregular and incoarse pattern ; fins similar; ventral with a broad whitish edge; headmore finely mottled; below reticulated with white; a black s[)ot atcenter of base of pectoral; large fringed cirri above eye; skin ratherthin and smooth; cirri about lower jaw, and some small ones on top ofhead. No pore in axil of pectoral, but some papilhie there. Dorsalspines wholly enveloped in skin, the soft rays nearly so, not easilyk 330 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN. counted, their number about twenty-six. Three lateral lines, the ])oressparse anil with slight fringes; the mitldle row obscure with the poreswide apart. Teeth very blunt. General aspect of Batrachus.rLEURONECTID.E.102. Syaciuni micrurum (Rauzaui).Five specimens, similar to Cuban specimens, called Hemirhombus ocel-latus by Poey. 1-03. Paralichthys isosceles (.sp. iiov.).Three adult and one young specimen. Allied to FaraUchthys patagoni-CHS Jordan.HeadSJ in length, depth 2o-\, ; scales 88 to 90 ; dorsal 84; anal 66.Length of types 5 to 11 inches (U. S. JSfat. Mus.)Body ovate, moderately compressed; eyes large, 5 in head, separatedby a narrow, nearly or quite naked ridge, not one-fifth diameter of eye ; teeth slender and sharp, the anterior enlarged but much less so thanusual in Paralichthys ; mouth rather large; maxillary scaly, 2| in head;caudal double truncate, the middle rays 1^ in head ; pectorals If in beadventrals 3i ; scales finely ciliated; gill rakers 1+ 8 or 1+9, short andthick ; longest gill raker less than one-third of eye. Curve of lateralline three and one half times in straight part, the arch much longerthan high.Color grayish brown, more or less mottled with darker; snout andlower jaw with dark spots. A vague darker spot just above bend inlateral line; another behind pectoral. Three large black ocelli in theform of an isosceles triangle, the hindmost on lateral line just beforeend of dorsal; the others one above the other below the lateral line,and near the outline of the body. Fins all more or less speckled ormottled with dark; the ventral blackish with two or three small inkyspots; eyes not speckled.104. VERECUNDUM RASILE, gen. & sp. nov. (allied to HUyporilossina).One specimen.Head 4| in length, depth 2^; dorsal 87; anal 69; scales 90. Lengthof type (U. S. Nat. Mus.) 10 inches. Eyes and color on the left side;body oblong, elliptical, its outlines regular, its substance rather firm;caudal peduncle distinct, about as long as deep; head very small,little longer than deep; mouth much smaller than in related species, themaxillary reaching to below middle of eye, 2i in head, and about halflonger than eye; teeth all small, bliintish, larger on the blind side ofupper jaw where they are irregularly biserial; teeth of lower jaw uiuleyed side of upper, slender and short, subequal, nearly uniserial; g.u)eoblique, nearly straight, the chin scarcely projecting ; eyes large, 3i] inhead, separated by a narrow naked ridge; cheeks and opercles withsmall scales; jaws and snout naked; gill rakers short and slender,5+10, the largest about as long as pupil ; dorsal low in front, becoming ''"mo!"'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 331higher behind, its first ray over front of pnpil : aniil similar, bnt higherthan dorsal ; no anal spine; pectoral long and slender, 1^ in head; yen-trals very short, subeqnal, U|; caudal double truncate, the middle raysIJ in head; scales moderate, smaller on breast and head, all cycloid;late-al line very nearly straight, a short and shallow (;urve in front, thedei)th of which is about one-third its length, and scarcely equal tovertical diameter of eye.Color brown, obscurely mottled with darker, the darker spots mostdistinct on the fins. A round diftiise black blotch as large as eye atbeginning of straight part of lateral line, and another at end of itssecond third ; a much smaller spot above lateral line before the pos-terior spot, and another below it, these three forming an equilateral tri-angle with the apex backward; another small black spot above curveof lateral line.The single typical system in good condition is 10 inches long, andpurports to have been taken at Bahia. It has, however, not the aspectof a tropical species, and possibly it may have come from the coast ofPatagonia.The genus Yerecnndum (Latin, verecundus, modest) is near to Lyopsettaaiul EippofjJossoides^ from both of which it differs in its smooth scales.The head is smaller than in related genera. Verecundum also showsaftiuities with Lioglossina, Xystreurys, and other genera having a strongarch to the lateral line. Verecmidum, Rippoglossina, Lioglossina, andXystreurys mark the transition from the lypeof Hippoglossoides to thatof Faralichthys. 105. Citharichthys spilopterus (Giiuther).NOTK ON THE PLEURONECTID^.Since the publication of the " Review of the Flounders and Soles{Pleuronectida') of America and Europe" by Jordan and Goss, a num-ber of important additions have been made to our knowledge of thegroup. I therefore give here a revised list of the species known fromAmerican waters. The sequence and classification follows that of thepaper above cited, a few changes suggested by Dr. Gill iu an excellentreview of the same paper beiug accepted.IIlPPOGLOSSIN^.Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert).I'larysoiuatichthys hippojijlossoides (Wal-l)auni).Hippoglossns hippoglossus (L.).I^yopsetta exilis (Jordan ?& Gilbert).Eopsetta Jordan i (Locliinf^tou).llippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricins).Hippoglossoides elassodon (Jordan & Gil-bert).Psetticlithys melauostictus Girard.Verecnndnni rasile Jordan. Hippoglossiua macrops Steindacliuer.Hippoglossiua btoniata Eigenmann &,Eigennianu.Hippoglossiua bollmani Gilbert.Hippoglossina macrops Giiuther.Lioglossina tetropbthalnms Gilbert.Xystreiirys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert.Paralicbtbys californicns (Ayres).Paralicbtbys brasiliensis (Ranzani).Paralicbtbys adspersns (Steiadacbuer).Paralicbtbys deutatns (L.). 332 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gil-bert.Paralichthys sqnamileutiis Jordan " piracle considerably shorter than eye. Eye ratherlarge, its length greater than interorbital width. Nostrils each with aconspicuous infolded tube-like flap; ventrals deeply notched on the side;the first rays thickened and i)roduced. Tail with a distinct lateral fold.Dorsals moderate, close to the end of the tail, which has a well developedcaudal, separate from the dorsal. Back and tail with a median seriesof strong spines, the strongest being at the shoulder; two irregularseries on each side of this, the spines smaller than those of the medianrow; some additional spines on shoulder; series of stout spines aboveeach eye; snout and anterior* i)art of pectorals with small sjunes innumerous series; a patch of small spines on posterior part of pectoral : a large patch of spines still smaller and more closely set on ventral.Snout smooth below.Color light brown, everywhere thickly speckled and freckled withblackish in fine pattern ; each pectoral with about a dozen small roundspots of the ground color, smaller than the eye, and each surroundedby a dark ring. Some of these spots are obscure and fade into the gen-eral coloration of the body. Upper i)art of eye spotted ; middle part ofsnout with a large, triangular, trauslucent area. Some faint duskyspots on lower side of the outer margin of j)ectoral. This species isknown from a single female specimen, 11^ inches long, the tail 5J,dredged by the Albatross off Cape San Matios, on the east coast of Pat-agonia. This species differs from Psammobatis rudis in having medianrow of spines instead of a median groove, in the different coloration,and the generally rougher disk.2. Acanthistius patachonicus (Jeuyns).Eight large specimens.Head 2^ in length (3^ with caudal); depth, 2,% (3J) D. XIII, 15, A.Ill, 8. ""^mo'"'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ' 335Scales 23-80-42. Leogtb of largest about 10 inches.General form that of a robust Epinephdiis. Head closely scaled, thescales small except on the o])ercles ; jaws naked; nostrils very small,subequal, oval; eye large, as long as snout, 4^ in head; mouth large,the jaws subequal, the broad maxillary 2^ in head, reaching to belowmiddle of eye. Interorbital width 1^ in eye, the surface rounded, witha median ridge. Teeth in bands, preceded by a row of short, stoutishcanines, about three of those on side of lower jaw as large asthose in front. Preopercle with its ascending limb sharply serrate,tlie lower teeth larger, its angle with a large tooth directed down-ward and backward, its lowc r limb with two very strong teeth di-rected forward and downward. Opercular spines strong, the middleone largest; two to six si)inules on its lower augle at its junctionwith subopercle. Gill rakers moilerate, x + 14.Dorsal spines strong and rather low, the third and fourth longest,the spinous dorsal depressed behind ; longest spine 2i in head Cau-dal rounded, soft dorsal and anal rather liigh and rounded behind, sec-ond anal spine longest and strongest, 3 in head. Pectoral H in head,ventral 2.Color rather light gray, the body covered rather sparsely with smalldark-brown or black spots, these more or less confluent and formingmore or less evident reticulations; these markings most distinct on theposterior and lower part of the body. Four distinct, narrow, blackcross bars formed of these markings, on side of body extending fromdorsal fin to level of pectoral These bars similar and equidistant,about as broad as the pupil, and narrower than the interspaces; fore-most bar under fourth dorsal spine; hindmost under front of soft dor-sal. Vertical fins dark olive, both dorsals and anal spotted or reticu-lated with blackish. All markings are most distinct on the smallerspecimens.Head gray, nearly plain, a faint dark band from eye downward andbackward. No black spots on head; ))ectorals olive; ventrals black,ish ; vertical tins without dark margins.These specimens were obtained with the i)receding off Cape SanMatios. 3. Notothenia longipes Steiudacbuer.Dorsal V, 34; anal, 32; scales, 66; the pores, 53-2. The i)rincipalbranch of the lateral line stops at a point three scales short of base ofcaudal. Many si)eciu)ens.Locality not given, but ]>robably from Southern Patagonia.These specimens agree well with Steindachner's description. 4. Merluccius gayi Cnv. & Val.Many specimens. Locality not given ; ])robably from the west coastof Patagonia. Dorsal, 10,20, 17. Scales, 103. Longest ray of thirddorsal 1^ in longest of first dorsal and 2? in head. In M, bilinearis 336 FISHES FROM BRAZIL JORDAN.these rays are equal aud 2| in head. Cauiiies smaller and fewer thanill hiUnearis. Veutrals 1-^^^ in head, leachiug vent. Pectorals still far-ther. Maxillary reaching posterior edge of pupil. Peritoneum, duskysilvery ; front of mouth and inside of opercle not black ; inside of mouthblack behind.CASTELNAU'S PLATES OF FISHES FROM BAHIA.In the year 1855, Francis de Casteluau published an account of thefishes of Bahia and the neighboring ports under the title of "Aniniauxnouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant I'expedition dans les parties cen-trales de I'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima auPara."This work is illustrated by excellent colored i)lates, but the text isvery jioor. I give here au identiiicatiou of the species represented inthe plates by Cast'lnau omitting the Sihirichv, Cichlkhc, Characinidie^aud other fresh -water forms.Serranus carauiia = Bodiamis fiilvus ru-ber.Serraiins niveatiis =: Ei?iuephelus uive-atiis.Serraiins ouatalibi ^ Bodiauus fulviispuuctatns.Centropristis iiebnlosus = Serrauii8 cas-teluaiii, noin. sp.uov., the name Serra-iiiis nebulosus being preoccupied.Pomacentrua pictus = Pomacentrus (fus-cus var?) pictus.Pristipoma bicolor = Anisotremus bi-color.Heliasis luargiDatus^Cbromis luargiu-atiis.Apogou auioricauus= Apogou aiueri-cauus.Poniaceutrua variabilis = Pouuiceutrusfuscus.Johuius ainazonicus := Plagiosciou squa-mosissimus.Johuius auratus=^ Plagiosciou auratus. .Johnius crouviua^ Plagiosciou auratus.Xyrichthysspleudeus =: Xyrichthysspleu-dens.Aulastoma marcgravii = Fistularia ta-baccaria.Acaiithurus bahianus = Acauthurus ba-hiauus.Holacauthus formosus= Holacauthu8 for-formosus.Plataxoides dunierili = Plataxoides du-merili (?) Cliuus fasciatus = Labrosouius fasciatus.Malthea uotata = Malihe vespertilio.Acauthurus c(jeruleus= Acauthurus coir-ulens.Pristigaster phajthou = Prisiigaster phae-thou.Rhoiubus araniaca ^ Syaciuiu inicrurum.Rhombus bahiauus = Platophrys ocella-tus.Plagusia brasiliensis = Symphuriis plagu-sia.Monochir puuctifer= Achiris puuclifer.Munenophis rostrata ^ Gymuothorax uio-riuga.Murieuophiscurviliueata= Gyiuuothoraxmoriuga ? . Mur;euophis punctata ^Muriena sp.Munenophis vicina= Gymuothorax vi-ciuus.Murienophis carauiuru = Gymuothoraxsp.?Murienophis variegata = Gymuothoraxocellatns. ?Conger limbatus = Murseuesox savanna.Conger microstonia^ Ophisoraus opis-thopthaluuis.Conger niultideus= Conger multidens.Ophisuriis gomesi =Ophichthus gomes!.Monacanthus ruppelli= Monacanthuspull us.Tetraodon bajacu = Spheroides teetudi-neus.Uraptera agassizii = Raja agassizii.