3g»^>> > ?^ >» _> »->J J- » > > >z:»>> :> x> ^ > 3»J >^ » ^ s>:> > > > :>> • :* > > j> 7>e> >> 3;»^ >:> >^->^.^$^it^?^ ;>>» o^> >» 7> ^5>::^ > > &^^s". ^5^: »>5S. "^» *sr> iTft ~y rt, i ^^^ ^.;» S^ > >* » :> >^ >'•>> "> :> _> " >> ^ , ^ >>, > , X3 o :> >:^ 3 ^^^ ^ 3 '^1^ >^r» 5>> > .Z* > 3> j>j>j >> 5f> 2> >33>:>> T> ^_ o>^ 7?> ^> :> >:sz>~» ^>_:» 3. 0-5 ji> j> -> >3>» i> _;:> > i:?» :5> "^ ^:^ ^:a>~:z>3 5S 5>:>3^"^> ' C SMITHSONIAN VOL. XXII. ' EVERY MAN 13 A VALUABLE MESffiER OP SOCIETY WHO BT HIS OBSEEVATIONS, BESEARCBE8, AND EXPERIMENTS PK0CUBE8 KNOWLEDGE FOB MEN."—BMITHSON. ^: WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 1882. CONTENTS Advertisement. Article I.—Proceedings of the United States National Mnseiun, Vol. Ill, 1880. 594 pp. (Smithsonian series, No. 425.) (National Museum series, No. 25.) » Article II.—Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. IV, 1881. 600 pp. (Smithsonian series. No. 467.) (National Museum series, No. 27.) ADVERTISEMENT The present series, entitled " Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections," is intended to embrace all the publications issued directly by the Smith- sonian Institution in octavo form; those in quarto constituting the " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." The quarto series in- cludes memoirs, embracing the records of extended original investiga- tions and researches, resulting in what are believed to be new truths, and constituting positive additions to the sum of human knowledge. The octavo series is designed to contain reports on the present state of our knowledge of particular branches of science ; instructions for collecting and digesting facts and materials for research ; lists and synopses of species of the organic and inorganic world ; museum catalogues ; reports of exj)lorations ; aids to bibliographical investigations, etc., generally prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its expense. The assignment of a work to one or the other of the two series will sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be pre- sented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form. In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and the actual date of its publication is that given on its special title page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many cases works have been published, and largely distributed, years before their combi- nation into volumes. While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Institution to insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications, it will be readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible for the facts and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in most cases to verify their statements. S. F. BAIRD, Secretary 8. I. ^Qpavivnerxi of ihe ^nieviov U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25 PROCEEDINGS OF THK UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vol. Ill 1880. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICB, 1881. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Bean, Tarleton B. Description o£ a iNew Hake (Phycis Earlii), from Soath Carolina, and a Note on the Occurrence oi Phyciir^egius ia. North Carolina 09 Check-Liat of Duplicates of North American Fishes distributed by the Smithsonian Institution in behalf of the United States National Museum, 1877-80 75 Cattic, S. TH. On the Genitalia of Male Eels and their Sexual Characters 280 Endlich, Fred. M. List of Species and Varieties of Minerals in the National Museum of the United States in 1879 333 Oarinan, Samnel. Synopsis and Descriptions of the American Hhinobatidce 516 Oilbcrt, Charles 0. (See under Jordan and Gilbert.) drill, Theodore. On the Identity of the Genus Leurynnis Lockington, with Lyeodopsis Collett 247 Goode, G. Broirn. Descriptions of Seven New Species of Fishes from Deep Soundings on the Southern New England Coast, with Diagnoses of Two Undescribed Generaof Flounders and a Genus related to Merluciut 337 Fishes from the Deep Water on the South Coast of New England obtained by the United States Fish Commission in the Summer of 1880 467 The Frigate Mackerel (Auxis Bochei) on the New-England Coast 532 yotacanthus phasganoru*, a New Species of JVotoeanffeicto from the Grand Banks of New- foundland 535 Hay, O. P. On a Collection of Fishes from Eastern Mississippi 488 Heilprin, Angelo. On Some New Species of Eocene MoUusca from the Southern United States 149 Jordan, Darid S. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from East Florida, obtained by Dr. J. A. Henshall 17 Notes on a Collection of Fishes from Saint John's Eiver, Florida, obtained by Mr. A. H. Curtias 22 Note on a Forgotten Paper of Dr. Ayres, and its Bearing on the Nomenclature of the Cypriaoid Fishes of the San Fi-anciseo Markets 325 Note on " Sema" and " Daeentrug" 327 Description of a New Species of Oaranx (Oaranx beani), tiom Beaufort, North Caro- lina 486 Jordan, DaTid S., and Gilbert, Charles B. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from SanDiego, California 1 23 Description of a New Flounder (Xystreurys liolepis), from Santa Catalina Island, Cali- fornia 34 Description of a New Bay (Platyrhina triseriata), from the Coast of California 36 Description of a New Species of "Kock Cod" {Sebastichthys serriceps), from the Coast of California 38 On the Occurrence of Cephalogcyllium laticeps (Dum6ril) Gill on the Coast of Califor- nia 40 On the Oil Shark of Southern California ( Galeorhinus galeus) 42 Description of a New Flounder {Pleuronichthys verticalig), from the Coast of California, with Notes on Other Species 49 Notes on Sharks from the Coast of CaUfomia 51 On the Generic Relations of Platyrlmia exasperata 53 Description of a New Species of Sebastichthys (Sebastichthys miniat'us), from Monterey Bay, California 70 Description of a New Species of "Eock-fish" (Sebastichthys camatus), from the Coast of California 73 Description of a New Species of Kay {Baia steUvJata), from Monterey, California 138 —^— Description of New Species of Xiphister and Apodichthys, from Monterey, Cilifomia. .. 135 Description of Two New Species of Sebastichthys (Sebastichthys entomelas and Sebastich- thys rhodochloris), from Monterey Bay, CaUfomia 142 Description of a New Agonoid Fish (Brachiopsis xyostemus), from Monterey Bay, California 152 Description of a New Flounder (Hippoglossoides eotilis), from the Coast of California. .. 154 Ul IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Jordan, David S., and GaSbcrt, Charles Bt. Description of a New Species of Kay (liaia rhhia) from tlio Coast of California . —-— Description of Two New Species of Fishes (Ascelichthys rhodorus and Scytalina cerdale) from Neali Bay, "Wasliington Territory Description of Two New Species of Scopeloid Fishes (Sudis ringens and Myctophum crenulare), from Santa Barbara Channel, California Description of Two New Species of Flounders {Parophrys ischyurus and Hippoglos- soides elassodon), from Pujet Sound . Description of Seven Xew Species of Sehastoid Fislies, from the Coast of California Description of a Now Embiotocoid (Abeona aurora), from Monterey, California, with Notes on a Related Species — Description of a New Flounder {Platysomatichthys stomias), from the Coast of Califor- nia Description of a New Embiotocoid Fish {Cymatogaster rosaceus), from the Coast of Cali- fornia r Description of a New Species of Deep-Water Fish (leichthya Loekingtoni), from the Coast Page. of California . Description of a New Embiotocoid Fish {Bitrema atripes), from the Coast of California. . Description of a New Scorpaenoid Fish {Sebastichthys maliger), from the Coast of Cali- fornia Description of a New Scorpaenoid Fish {Sebastichthys proriger), from Monterey Bay, California . Description of a New Agonoid (Agonus vulsus), from the Coast of California Description of a New Species of HemirhampJms (Hemirhamphus rosce), from the Coast of C alifornia --- . Description of a New Species of Notidanoid Shark (Hexanchnscorinus), from the Pacific Coast of the United States Description of a New Species ot Nemichthys {Neniichthysavocetta), from FngetSouni... Description of a New Species of Paralepis (Paralepis coruscang), from the Straits of Juan de Fnca List of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the TJnited States, with a Table showing the Distribution of the Species On the Generic Relations of Belone exilis Girard Notes on a Collection of Fishes from Utah Lake - Description of a New Species of Kock-flsh (Sebastichthys chrysnmelas), from the Coast of California Ija^'rence, Oeorge N. Description of a New Species of Bird of the Family Turdidce, from the Island of Dominica, W. I Description of a New Species of Parrot of the Genus Chrysotis, from the Island of Do- minica Description of a New Species of Icterus, from the West Indies liockington, W. Bf. Remarks on the Species of the Genus Chirus found in San Francisco Market, including one hitherto undescribed Description of a New Fish from Alaska ( JJranidea microstoma) — Description of a New Species of Agonidce (Brachyopsis verrucosus), from the Coast of California — Description of a Now Genus and Some New Species of California Fishes {Icosteus cenig- maticus and Osmerus attenuatus) i Description of a New Chiroid Fish (Myriolepis zoni/er), from Monterey Bay, California. . — Description of a New Sparoid Fish {Sparus brachysomus), from Lower CaUfornia Note on a New Flat-flsh {Lepidopsetta isolepis), found in the Markets of San Francisco. Description of a New Species of Prionotus {Prionotus stephanophrys), from the Coast of California Bathbun, Richard. The Littoral Marine Fauna of Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachu- setts Ridgway , Robert. Revisions of Nomenclature of Certain North American Birds A Catalogue of the Birds of North America Catalogue of Irochilidce in the Collection of the United States National Museum Ryder, John A, On Camaraphysema, a New Typo of Sponge ' List of the North American Species of Myriapods belonging to the Family of the Lysio- petalidce, with a Desciiption of a Blind Form from Luray Cave, Virginia Smith, Ro8a. On the Occurrence of a Species of Crcmnobates at San Diego, California Smith, S. I. Preliminary Notice of the Crustacea dredged in 64 to 325 fathoms oS the South Coast of Now England, by the United States Fish Commission, in 1880 TABLE OF CONTENTS. V Page. SvFan, JamesC The Surf Smelt of the Northwest Coast, and the Method of Taking Them by the Quillehut.e Indians, "West Coast of Washington Territory 43 The Eiilucbon or Candle-fish of the Northwest Coast 207 VerriHl, A. E. Notice of Kecent Additions to the Marine Invertebrata of the Northeast- ern Coast of America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species and Critical Remarks on Others Part II. — Mollusca, with Notes on Annelida, Echinodermata, etc., collected by the United States Fish Commission 356 Part III.—Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of Southern Now lijugland 405 lYbitc, C A. Note on the Occurrence of Productus giganteus in CalLfomia 46 Note on Acrothale 47 Description of a New Cretaceons Pinna from New Mexico 47 Note on the Occurrence oi Stricklandia Salteri and S. Davidsoniiu Georgia 48 — :— Description of a very large Fossil Gasteropod, from the State of Puebla, Mexico 140 Descriptions of New Invertebrate FossUs from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Kocks of Arkansas, 'Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah 157 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1880. REVISIONS OF IVOlTIENCIiATITRE: OF CERTAIN NORTB AITIFRICAI^ RIRDS. By ROBERT RIDOW^AY. The following emendations of nomenclature apply both to species enumerated in the latest published list of isTorth American birds — Coues's " Check List,"* and others not contained therein. These two series are therefore included in separate categories, the former having, for convenience of reference, the corresponding number of the " Check List " prefixed to each name. It is deemed inexpedient to give here a list of the species to be added to the Smithsonian Catalogue of 1859,t for the reason that they are suffi- ciently distinguished b}^ the absence of the concordant number following each name, in the revised list following this paper. a. Species given in Coues's Check List. 4 6. Turdus aonalaschkae, | Gmel.—In my refiort on the ornithology of the fortieth parallel expedition I used the name " guttata, Pallas," as the earliest name certainly applicable to this species; but I now beUeve that Gmelin's name, Turdus aonalaschJcae, based upon the Unalasclia Thrush of Pennant (Arctic Zoology, II, p. 338) and Aoona- lashlca Thrush of Latham (Synopsis, II, i, j). 23), is the one which should be used. A.s in the case of Muscicapa guttata, Pall., there can be no doubt whatever that the western Dwarf Thrush ( Turdus nanus, Auct., nee And.!) is the very species which these authors described under the above names. Turdus aonalaschJcae being, therefore, the proper name for tlie Hermit Thrushes collectively, the Middle and Eastern Province forms should be called, respectively, T. aonalaschJcae auduhoni and T. aonalaschJcae pallasi. With regard to the last, it is very evident that * A Check List of North American Birds. By Elliot Cones. Salem. Naturalists' Agency. 1873. 8vo, pp. 137. (635 species.) tCatalogvio of North American Birds contained chiefly iu the Museum of the Smith- sonian Institution. By Spencer F. Baird. [First octavo edition.] Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 1859. ["Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 108." Not paged; 738 species, including varieties, all consecutively numbered.] t Small capitals indicate the name which is changed or emended. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 1 Iflarcli '27, 1880. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tunlm nanus, And., was based upon a small specimeu of the eastern Hermit Thrush, since Audubon distinctly says so in his account of the supposed species. The name nmms antedates j)a77rts^; but the latter havin<;- been used, in a restricted sense, exclusively for the eastern race, while nanus has been almost wholly applied, of late years, to the small west-coast foiiii now to be called T. aonalaschlcae, it seems best to discard the name nanus altogether and adopt for the eastern birds that ofpallasi, as next in order of date. <)1. HelonvEA stcainsoni., Aud.—According to Agassiz, the correct orthography of the generic name of this species (if to be separated from Helmitherus) is Heloncea and not '' Helmaia,^'' as spelled by Audubon. [Of. Newton, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 552.) 144 rr. Leueosficte griseinucha (Brandt) Bp.^—The present indi«ations are that this form does not intergrade with L. tephrocotis, but, on the contrary, is a well-defined species of very constant characters confined strictly to that jjortion of the Alaskan coast west of the one hundred and thirty-fifth degree of west longitude. 14:6a. ^giothus linaria, " var. /wscescews."—No examples referable to the so-called fuscescens having ever been taken in winter^ while the particular stage originally so named is represented by birds in highly intensified midsummer dress from various portions of subarctic America (the interior of the continent and coast of Alaska, as well as Labrador), the inference is natural that ''fuscescens'''' represents simply the mid- summer plumage of the common species. {Cf. Coues, Birds of the Northwest, 1874, p. 115.) 1466. ^giothus canescens exilipes (Coues) Ridgw.—There is every probability that ^. canescens is a quite distinct species, since it occurs in almost every district inhabited by JE7. linaria (especially in the Nearc- tic Region), and cannot therefore be a geographical race of the same species. ^. canescens and ^. linaria holbolli are the large boreal races breeding in Greenland ; ^. canescens exilipes and JEJ. linaria proper are the smaller continental forms. 159 «. Passerculus anthinus, Bp.—This seems to be quite distinct from P. sandwicheusisj and probably more nearly related to — 160«. Passerculus guttatus, Lawr., which proves to be very distinct from P. rostratus. 165 a (Appendix). Ammodromus iiigrescens, Ridgw.—As has already been insisted by Mr. Maynard (see Am. Sportsman, V. Jan. 16, 1875, p. 248), this bird is very probably distinct specifically from A. maritimus. 169. Melospiza fasciata (Gm.) Scott.—^We can see no valid reason why Gmelin's name for this species should not be used instead of Wil- son's, bestowed upon it nearly a quarter of a century later. {Cf. Scott, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 Alu. Xat., 1870, p. 17.) The recognizable forms of tliis species should therefore be known as (169a) M. fasciata fallax, (160 &) M. fasciata (/iitfata, (169c) ill. fasciata rujina, (169 fZ) 71/. fasciata heermanni, and {169c) J/. 'FASCIATA SAMUELis {samitelis antedating- gouldii). ' 169y'. Melospiza cinerea (Gm.)Eidgw.—Through the explorations of Messrs. Dall, Turner, and Nelson, the fauna of Unalashka has of late years been very thoroughly investigated, and we are thus able to iden- tify the ''Cinereous Finch" of Pennant (Arct. Zoology, II, p. 68) upon which Gmelin based his Fringilla cinerea (S. N., I, ii, p. 922) with the species which Professor Baird afterward named Mclo.spiza insignis (Trans. Chicago Acad., I, i, j). 319, pi. 29, fig. 2). Through the same means it becomes equally certain that the Oonalaska Bunting of Pennant and Latham {Emheri.za unalaschcenKis, Gm., S. K., I, ii, p. 875) is, as some authors have long maintained, the bird usually called Passerella town- sendi (Aud.). The known forms of Passerella having been proven by Mr. Henshaw to intergTade, and therefore, to constitute mere geographical races of a single species, thej* should be known by the following names : — 188. P. iliaca (Merrem) Sw. t'189"rt. P. ILIACA ITNALASCHCE]SrSIS (Gm.) RldgW. 189 a. P. ILIACA schistacea (Baird) Hensh. . P. ILIACA megarhyncha (Baird) Hensh. — the latter—connecting unalasclwensis with schistacea^ but peculiar in the extremely robust bill and other characters—not being given in the "Check List." 170 « (Appendix). Peuccea arizonw, Ridgw.—There is very strong prob- ability of this being quite distinct, specifically, from P. cestivaHs. (See Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I. 1878, p. 127, foot-note.) 177. Spizella MONTANA (Forst.) Ridgw.—Forster's name of montana a])plied to this species in 1772 antedates Gmelin's name mouUcola (1788), and, there being no objection to it otherwise, should be substituted for it. 180 «. Spizelki breweri, Cass.—Thus fiir there appears not the slight- est evidence that this bird should be referred to 8. pallida. The respective habitats of the two overlap quite considerably, and they may always be •easily distinguished by the markings of the head. 191. Spiza amcricana (Gm.) Bp.—In 1858 Professor Baird rejected the generic name Spiza for this species, for the reason that, although it "was first used in connection with Emberiza americana,'''' it was "so mixed up with tyi)es of several other modern genera as to render it uncertain whether to apply it to one rather than to another"—at the same time remarking that "if Sjyiza pointed more unmistakably to the U. americana it might, perhaps, be necessary to adopt it." (" Birds N. Am.," p. 494.) Upon referring to the "Specchio Comparative," where Bona- parte next, after its institution, mentions his genus Spiza, I find, in the 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. foot-note on i>. 47, that he distinctly namesK americana as the type of the genus ("Eeconoscemmo inoltre, che quest' uccello [E.melanocephala] e il perfetto analogo della Fringilla americana tipo di quel Sottogenbe"). Four years later, however, Bonaparte proposed the name Euspiza for the same type ("Saggio," p. 141), but according to recognized rules this later name becomes simply a synonym of Spisa, as does also Cabanis's name Buspina, the latter substitued for Euspiza (Mus. Hein., I, p. 133), under the misapprehension that the type of the latter was the Em- heriza melanocephala of Scopoli (see M. H., p. 130)—a species not only generically distinct from E. americana, Gmel., but moreover hardly a member of the same subfamily. 201. Phonipara zena (Linn.) Bryant.—^^Fringilla bicolor,^^ Linn., S. N., ed. 12 (1760) =i^. zena, Linn., S. K, ed. 10 (1758). 200. Pijnlo fuscus mesoleucus (Baird) B. B. & R.—The Arizona form of this species is very easily distinguishable from the true fuscus of Mexico, the latter being without the rufous cap of mesoleucus^ the colors in general darker, etc. 212 &. Agekcus tricolor (Nutt.) Bp.—Totally distinct from A. phceni- ecus. 233. Pica rustioa hudsonica (Sab.) Baird.—The earliest available name for the European Magpie appears to be Corvus rusticus, Scopoli (1769), which considerably antedates ''' melanoleuca, Vieill." (1818), and is now adopted by European authorities. ( Cf. Dresser, Birds of Europe, pt. xxii.) The American bird, therefore, if to be separated subspeci- fically from the European (for which there certainly seems suflBcient reason), should be named as above. 239 a (Appendix). Perisoreus obscurus, Ridgw.—Since the original des- cription of this bird was published Mr. Henshaw has obtained addi- tional specimens, and, by an examination of them, together with the types, has adopted Mr. Sharpe's conclusion (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., Ill, p. 105) that the form in question is a distinct species, an opinion in which I at present wholly agree. Not so, however, with capitalis, Baird, which Mr. Sharpe treats in the same manner; the latter unquestionably grades directly into P. canadensis, and consequently, notwithstanding it is a very strongly marked form, should be called P. canadensis capitalis. The Perisoreus ohscurus is of much more restricted range than was at first supposed, and probably does not extend much, if any, north of Sitka. The examples alluded to in Hist. N. Am. B. (Vol. II, p. 302), as coming from "north of Sitka and in the Yukon territory," and which were stated to " incline toward the var. canadensis,''^ are in reality refer- able to P. canadensis, of which they constitute a separable race, distin- guished by the less extent and dingy or smoky tinge of the frontal PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 white patch and generally darker colors. This new race may be char- acterized as follows : Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons, Riilgw. Ch.—Similar to canade)ifii8 proper, but colors darker and more dingy throughout, and the white of the forehead obscured, or even sometimes almost wholly obliterated, by a wash of smoky gray or brown. Nab.—Coast of Alaska. 265. Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils.—I can see no reason whatever for removing this bird from the genus Caprimulgus. The type of ^^ Antrostomns''^ is the C. caroUnensis, Gmel., which differs from all the other Caprimnlgi (so far as I am aware) in possessing line lateral fila- ments to the rictal bristles, so that, in case this character be deemed snfficient, the genus Antrostomus may stand, if restricted to the single species possessing this feature. {Cf. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, pp. 142, 143, pis. i, ii.) 266. PhalyEnoptilus nuttalli (Aud.) Eidgw.—This species is de- cidedly peculiar in the combination of its salient points of structure, having a lengthened, naked tarsus, like N'yctidromus, a character- istically velvety plumage, short, even tail, and unique wing-formula; features which, taken together, render it a very well-marked genus, which may be characterized as follows : — Phal^noptilus, gen. nov. Ch.—Differing from Caprimulgus and "Antrostomus^' in the short, even tail (much shorter than the wing), aud lengthened, perfectly naked tarsus (longer than the mid- dle toe), the first quill shorter than the fourth, and the plumage with a peculiar, velvety, moth-like surface. Type, Cajjrimulfjus nuttalli, Aud. As stated on pages 142, 143, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. I (1878), the characters supposed to separate the Amer- ican Antrostomi from the Old World species of Ca^rrimulgus, particularly the type of the latter genus (C. euro])cvi(s, L.), are wholly intangible, with the exception of A. carolinensis, which has minute lateral filaments to the rictal bristles, these being in all other species perfectly smooth, or simple. On the other hand, the CaprimuJf/n.s mittaUi of Audubon has so many decided peculiarities of structure that it is somewhat a matter of surprise that its place in the genus ^'- Antrostomus^^ has not been questioned ere this. In fact, P. nuttalli is quite as distinct in its external structure from " A." vociferns and its allies as is the Nyctidro- mus albicollis. The more j^rominent dilierences of structure iu these forms may readily be seen by comparison of the birds themselves, or by examination of the outline drawings of plates I and II of the volume of the " Proceedings " referred to above. 268. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawr.) B. B. & R.—The Chor- deiles texensis of Lawrence is merely a slightly different northern form 6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of C. acHtipenms (Bodd.) Cass., of South America. (See Sclater, P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 131, and nist. X. Am. B., TI, pp. 400, 407.) 2G7. ChordeilcH popetue (Vieill.) Baird.—Brisson's name virgimanus was not restricted to this S])ecies until many years after the institu- tion of Vieillot's name popetve : the latter, therefore, notwithstanding its barbarous character, is, by all the rules, entitled to retention. 201). CvpsELUS Ha.mtUh{\\oo(\\i.) Ridgw.—This species agrees so very closely in details of structure with (J. nielba, Linn., that there seems to be no good reason for separating it genericaly from the genus Cypselus, unless C. melba also is removed to another genus. The type of Panyp- tila being the Cypselus cayannensis, Gmel., the elimination of C. saxatilis does not, of course, affect the validity of the latter genus, as properly restricted; still, there is not much more difference of form between '•' Panyptila'''' cayennensis and C. saxatilis than between C. melba and G. apus, the latter being the type of Cypselus. C. apus has the feet much weaker and the tarsus much more densely feathered than G. melba; G. saxatilis is nearly intermediate in this respect, though coming much nearer to C. melba. 273. Basilinna xantusi (Lav/r.) Elliot.—See Elliot's " Sj^nopsis of the Trochilidiii* ", p. 227. 284. Trogon AivmiGUUS, Gould,—The species described in "Birds of Xorth America," and figured in the atlas to that work, is the present one, and not T. mexicanus. The latter is chiefly distinguished by the absence of white bars on the tail-feathers, which are uniform black un- derneath, except the broad white tip. 295. Xenopious albolarvatns (Cass.) Bd.—In addition to the very tangible external characters pointed out by Professor Baird in his chai'- acterization of a subgenus Xe)iopicus (B. X. Am., p. 83), may be men- tioned the fact that the tongue is scarcely extensile, its tip, when fully protruded, reaching only f of an inch beyond the tip of the bill, or just the same as in Sphyropicus thyroideus, while in Ficus villosus harrisi the protrusion amounts to 2J inches, or If inches more! (See Orn. 40th Parallel, pp. 546, 548, and 552, under lists of specimens of the above species.) 301. Picoides tridactylus americamis (Brehm) B. B. & R.—As pointed out in "History of North American Birds" (Vol. II, pp. 529- 534), the differences between the American and European white-backed species of this genus are very slight, and by no means sufficient to warrant specific separation. The common form should therefore be known as above, and the Rocky Mountain race, if deemed sufficiently distinct, as — * A Classilication and Synopsis of the l^ocbilidse. By Daniel Giraud Elliot, F. R. S. E., etc. Washington City: Published by the Smithsonian Institution ["Smith- sonian Contributions to Knowledge," No. 317.] [March, 1879.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7 301 rt. Picoides tridactylus (lorsalis (Baird) B. B. & R. 314. Golapfes AURATUS mexicanm (Sw.). The above combination becomes absolutely necessary in view of the indisputable and wholesale intergradation of the auratus and mexicanus types of this species. In the present case is afforded an excellent ex- ample of the difidculties in the way of consistent nomenclature, whether binomial or trinomial. 31G. AI.VGO Jiammeus pratincola (Bonap.) Ridgw.—Professor Xew- ton has, we think, clearly demonstrated* that the jiroper ty])e of the Lin- usean genus Strix is not S. Jlammea, but S. Htridnla^ subsequently made the type of Savigny's genus Syrnium; and that Aluco, Fleming (1828), should stand as the generic name of the Barn Owls. Audubon's name, '•' americana'''' (1839), for the American Barn Owl is antedated by^ra^ incola, Bonap. (1838), which should, in consequence, stand as the sub- specific name for this form. 318 &. Scops asio maccalli (Cass.) Coues.—In the "Proceedings of the U. S. Nat. Mus." for 1878 (Vol. I, pp. 109-111), I formally referred the "Scops asio var. enano^^ of Lawrence to S. maccalli, Cassin, and in a foot-note on p. Ill refer Mr. Sennett's specimens to the latter. This fact, however, seems to have been overlooked by both Dr. Coues and Mr. Sennett, who, in their last paper, continue to call the variety "(Sf. asio enano.''''] 320. Asio wilsonianus (Less.).—Brisson's genus Asio appears to be un- questionably that which should be applied to the long-eared owls, and has long since been adopted by some authorities. Admitting that the short-eared species {Strix accipitrina, Pall.) cannot be separated generi- cally, it would have to be called — 321. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.) Xewton. 323. Strix nebulosa, Forst.—Professor Newton's very correct conclu- sion that the proper type of the Linnsean genus Strix is the S. stridiila, necessitates the above change in the generic name of this American congener of that species. The Floridan birds of S. nebulosa I find to be so different from north- ern examples as to well merit subspecitic separation. In his memorable work on the birds of East Florida (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, p. 340) Mr. Allen refers to the uuich darker color ofFloridan specimens, but appar- ently overlooks the naked toes. It is with pleasure that I dedicate this race to one who has done such eminent service not only to the orni- thology of Florida, but to the science in general. * Cf. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, ed. 4, vol. i, p. 150, and The Ibis, ser. iii, vol. vi, pp. 94-105. f Since these pages were put iu type, I have discovered that the name stands aa above given in the "Check List." The notice of the species here was therefore an oversight. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Strix nebulosa alleni, Ritlgw. Ch.—Similar to typical nebulosa, but toes wholly destitute of feathers or bristles, oeing perfectly bare to the extreme base ; colors darker than in nebulosa, with less ochraceous, the tail scarcely barred on the basal half, and the bars ou the breast much more distinct, as well as narrower and more continuous. Hab.—Florida (Clearwater). The above characters I find to be constant in a series of three speci- mens (two ^ and one 9 ) sent to the National Museum by Col. S. T. Walker, of Clearwater, Florida. Not only are the toes perfectly bare, but the feathers clothing the tarsi are much shorter than in northern nebulosa, thus causing the legs to appear much more slender. The only featheriug on the toes consists of a small pointed strip on the outer side of the first phalanx of the middle toe, reaching about to the second joint. 324. Strix occidentalis (Xant.) Ridgw. Assuming that the Great Grey Owls are sufficiently distinct generic- ally from the foregoing, they should be known as— 322. SCOTIAPTEX cinereum (Gmel.) Swains., and [322 «. I ScoTiAPTEX cinereum lapponicum (Eetz.) Eidgw 236. iSurnia ulula funeeea (Linn.) Rich. & Sw.—In the 10th edition of ^^Systema Naturae''^ Linnseus describes on the same page (93) Strix funerea and S. ulula, in the order here given; the former being based on "Fn. suec. 51," the ^'- ulula fiammeata, Frisch. av. t. 9" being doubtfully quoted; "Habitat in Europa." 8. ulula is based upon "Fn. suec. 52—Ulula, Gesu. av. 773, Aldr. ornith, 1. 8, c. 6; Will, ornith. 68, t. 13, Ray. av. 26, n. 4 ; " the habitat also " in Europa." In neither case would the diagnoses given determine the species independent of the references. In the 12th edition, however, S. ulula is mentioned first, with the same diagnosis and habitat, but with additional or more explicit references. 8. funerea follows, with an additional diagnosis which renders the species unmistakable, and a reference to "/Sfrij? canadensis," Briss. av. I, p. 518, t. 37, f. 2, which we know to be the American Hawk Owl. Furthermore, there is added to the habitat "America septentrionaliP It is therefore diflicult to decide which of the two names has priority as the specific designation. If the >S'. funerea is to be regarded the same in both edi- tions, then this name, as occurring first on the page, would be entitled to that claim ; but there is nothing whatever in the account of Strixfunerea of edition 10 to show that it is anything more than the European Hawk Owl ; or, in other words, the same as the species called on the same page 8. ulula. As the matter stands, we prefer to take/tr/ierect of 1766 as the earliest date of the name as applied to the American bird, and to call the species 8. ulula, the latter name being of certain application in the 10th edition, while it precedes/Mwerm in the 12th. 347. Falco fusco-c^rulescens, Vieill.—See Sharpe, " Catalogue of the Accipitres in the British Museum," I, p. 400. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 . 353. Buteo abbreviatus, Cabau.—See Sliarpe, as above, p. 163, who, however, refers it to the genus " Tachytriorchls.'^^ See, also, Sclater & Salviii's " iS^omenclator Avium Keotropicalium," p. 118. 363. Polyhorus cheriway (Jacq.) Cabau.—See Sharpe, t. c, p. 33. This species appears to be quite distinct from P. tharm. 364. PsEUDOGRYPHUS califomianus (Shaw) Ridgw.—Concerning the validity of this genus, see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club., April, 1880, p. — . 366. Catharista {atrata, Bartr.).—If the name atrata, as now almost universally applied to this species, is to be accredited to Bartram, it has priority over all the synonyms ; but if we are to reject Bartram's names on account of his frequent " lapses " from binomialism, or his equally bad jjractice of omitting descriptions (which, however, is not the case with regard to bis mention of the present species), then uruhu of Vieillot (1809) takes precedence over atrata of Wilson (1812), which comes next in order of date. 368. Golumha erythrina, Licht.—Although there is no law compel- ling the adoption of a museum name, I prefer to do so in this case rather than propose a new one, since Lichtenstein's name erythrina is a very ap- propriate one. The name by which this species ha s usually been known — C. '^Jlavirostris, Wagler"—is "glaringly false," and, therefore, to be re- jected, according to the rules of the British Association.* It is true that the bill sometimes appears yellowish in the dried skin, but in life it is always some shade of purple or pink, whitish at the extremity. What- ever it may be, it is impossible to identify McCall's C. solitarius with this species. If his description was really penned from a specimen, his bird has not yet been rediscovered, uo known ISTorth American Pigeon corresponding at all closely with his description. In any event it cannot be the present species, which never has " brilliant reflections" on either neck or breast, nor the back or under wing-coverts "light-red color." 378. Ortalis vetula maccalU (Baird) Ridgw.—In regard to this emendation of the generic name, see Wharton, " The Ibis," Oct., 1879, p. 450. I flud the Texan birds easily distinguishable from Mexican ex- amples (true vetuln). 380. CanACE canadensis (Linn.) Reich.—Xoue of the American grouse usually referred to Tetrao resemble at all closely the type of the latter genus, T. urogallus, Linn. They ap^Dcar, in fact, nearly as distinct from J'etrao proper as are Bonasa or FediceceteSj or other recognized American genera. It seems scarcely advisable, however, to admit a genus "i)e;i- dragapus'"' for the special accommodation of C. obscura in its various forms. 396. Charadrius dominicus, Mlill.—Miiller's name for the American Golden Plover, dating 1776, should take precedence overfulvus, Gmel., be- stowed twelve years later (1788), as the name of the species. The Asiatic form should therefore be called C. dominicus fulvus (Gmel.) * Cf. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Jan., 1880, p. 37. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOXzVL MUSEUM. 400 bis (Appendix). JEgialifis cukonica (Gid.) Gray.*—This sup- posed new species i)roves to be the Lesser Einged Plover of the Old World, .Ji". curoniea (Gm.) Gray, the principal synonyms of which are the following. It may be considered doubtful whether the specimen really was obtained near San Francisco, as stated on the label. Charadnns cnwuicnx, Gmel., S. N., I, 1788, (VJ2. JE(j\aUlls mrouicuH, OIray, Cat. Brit. 15, 1883, 141.—Harting, Handb. Brit. B. 1872, 1154. Charadrim philippiiiufi, Lath., Ind. Oni., II, 1790, 745. CliaradriuH fiuviatilh, Beciist., Natnrg. Vog. Dentsclil., 1809, 42-2. Charadritis minor, Meyer & Wolf, Tascli. Vijg. Deutschl., 1810, 324. Charadrius intennedius, Men^tr., Catal. , 53. Charadrim zonaius, Swains., B. W. Afr., II, , 235, pi. 25. Mgialitis microrhyiichits, RiDGW., Am. Nat., VIII, Feb. 1874, 109 ("San Francisco, Cal."). 408. Himantoims mexicanus (Miiller) Ord.—Miiller's name dates 3776; thirty-one years earlier than nigricolUs, Vieill. 413. Scolopax eusticula (Linn.) Wharton.—See ''The Ibis," Oct., 1879, p. 453. 442 Ms (Appendix). NumepAus tahitiensis (Gm.).—The earliest name for the bird afterwards named Numenius femoralis by Mr. Peale is Scolopax tahitiensis, Gmel. (S. N., I, ii, 1788, p. 050, n. 22). 448. A.JAJA ROSEA (Briss.) Ridgw.—The American Spoonbill being a 7ery distinct generic type, for which Reichenbach proposed (in 1853) the name Ajaja, it be(;omes necessary to change the si)e(;ilic name also. There is not, unfortunately, any post-Liunaean synonym for this species, with the exception of " Platea '•mexicana, Willoughby,' " as used by Gam- bel in 1849 (Jour, of Philad. Acad., I, j). 222). Gambel, however, gives no description; and, moreover, since the name ^^ mexicana^^ is simply quoted from Willoughby, it seems best to adopt Brisson's very appro- priate name of rosea, injustice to the accurate and complete description of the species in the work of that author. 454. Hydranassa tricolor (Miill.) Ridgw.—If tlie Herons are to be subdivided at all, it seems quite necessary to recognize the generic name which, in 1858, Professor Baird proposed for this species (B. N. Am., p. 000), the earliest designation of which is Ardea tricolor, Miiller (1770). 455. DiCHROMANASSA rufa (Bodd.) Ridgw.—See Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., vol. iv, no. 1, p. 240. 400. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.) Stephens.—This appears to be the earliest designation of the species. *Am. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1«74, p. 109. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11 46G« (Appendix). EaUus obsolctus. Ridgw.—This i)roves to be quite distinct from R. elegans, being, in fact, more nearly related to R. longi- rostris (siv^e ''crepitans'^''). 472. Gallimila fjaleata (Liclit.) Bp. — Quite distinct specifically from O. chloropus, Lath. 473. loNORNis martinica (Linn.).—This species has usually been referred to either Forphyrio, Briss., or Porpliyrula, Blyth, but it is exceed- ingly distinct generically from both these types, particularly the former. The generic name lonornis, instituted for its special reception, by Keich- enbach in 1853 (Nat. Syst., p. xxi), seems to be the earliest one avail- able. 488. Anas boscas, Linn.— See Wharton, "The Ibis," Oct., 1879, p. 453). 489 a (Appendix). Atias fulvigula, Eidgw.—This bird proves very distinct from A. ohscura. 526. Pelecaniis erythrorhynchus, Gmel.—This name antedates '•Hracliyrhynclius^ Lath.," by two years, and, being no less appropriate, there is no valid reason why it should not be retained. {Gf. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Jan., 1880, p. 36.) 525. Sula LEUCOGASTRA (Bodd.) Salvin.—See Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, ix, 1875, 496. 529. Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus (Brandt) Eidgw. — This is simply the large northwestern form of P. dilophus, no more entitled to specific separation than var. Jioridanus, which represents the opposite extreme of size. In regard to the generic name of the Cormorants, it aj^pears that we will have to use Phalacrocorax, Briss., instead of Graculus, the latter, properly applied, having for its type the Gorvus graculus, Linn., = Gra- cula pyrrhocorax, Scoj). {Gonf. Sharpe, Cat. Passerif. Brit. Mus., p. 146, foot-note.) 547 h. Lams occidentalis, Aud. 548 rt. Larus caxifornicus, Lawr. 549. Larus brachyrhynchus, Eich. The above appear to be quite well-defined and distinct species ; the first more nearly related to L. arffinis, Eeinh., than to argentafns ; the second much nearer to L. cachhinans, Pall., than to dclaaiarensu. 581. OssiFRAGA gigantea (Gmel.) Homb. & Jacq.—A very distinct genus ft-om Fulmarus. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 580. FjiJEBT^TRiAfiiUginosa (Ginel.) Coiies.—Appears to be sufficiently distinct generically from Diomedea. 583. Priocella tenuirostris (And.) . —This bird seems sufficiently distinct generically from Fulmariis, and has been made the type of Pri- ocella, by Hombron & Jacquinot (Compt. Rend., XVIII, 1844, p. 357.) 595. Priofinus melanurus (Bonn.) . —This species is the type of the genus Priofinus, Houib. & Jacq. (t. c. p. 355). 600. Puffinus auduboni, Finsch.—The Procellaria obscura of Gmel. has been determined by Dr. Finsch (see P. Z. S. 1872, p. Ill) to be a Pacific Ocean species, distinguished from the Puffinus obscurus of recent authors by its ^yhite underwing-coverts and other characters. Dr. Finsch there- fore proposed for the Atlantic species the name auduboni, ns above. 601. Puffinis GAViA (Forst.) Finsch.—See Gigiioli & Salvadori, Ibis, 1809, I). GO ; Finsch, Jour, fiir Orn., 1872, p. 256. 603. Puffinus ORISEUS (Gmel.) Finsch. — Gf. Finsch, Joui\ fiir. Orn., 1874, p. 209 ; Salvin, Eowley's Orn. Misc., iv, 187G, p. 236. 619. LUNDA cirrliata, Pall.—Sufficiently distinct generically from the species of Fratercula. 623. Simorhynclius PYGMJ3US (Gmel.) Ridgw.—The Alca pygmcea of Gmelin is unquestionably the young of this species, afterward named ";S^. cassinP^ by Dr. Cones. Alca Tcamtschatica, Lepechin, is the same spe- cies in adult (winter?) i)lumage. b. Species and Subspecies not in Coues's Check List. SiURUS N^vius xoTABiLis, Giinnell, MS. Ch.—Similar to S. ncevius, but much, larger. Wiug, 3.25; tail, 2.50; bill, from nostril, .50; depth at base, .25; tarsus, .83; middle toe, .56. Above dark grayish brown, the feathers of the pileum with indistinctly darker centres. Beneath yellow- ish white, the throat thicklj'- spotted, and the breast and sides heavily streaked with blackish dusky ; a superciliary stripe of pale fulvous, hardly extending back to the end of tbe anriculars. Lores crossed by a distinct streak of black. Centre of the ab- domen immaculate ; lower tail-coverts with central streaks of grayish dusky ; lining of the wing smoky gray. Bill brownish black, the mandible growing lighter brown bas- ally. Feet horn-color. flaft.—Black Hills, Wyoming (Mus. G. B. Grinnell). The plumage of this bird is in all respects, so far as I can see, quite identical with tliat of ordinary darker plumaged specimens of 8. ncevius, except that the superciliary stripe does not extend so far back and the streaks on the breast are broader ; the former character may be merely apparent, however, and owing to the manner of skinning. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13 Parus ciNCTUS, Bodd.—In accrediting this species to the North Amer- ican fauna, on the strength of specimens collected in Alaska by Mr. Lu- cien M. Turner*, I inadvertantly called it "P. sibiricm, Gmel.," at the time overlooking the priority of the name cinctus. Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup) Lawr. Tyrannula mexieana, Kaup, P. Z. S., Feb. 11, 1851, 51. t Myiarchus mexicanus, Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX., 1869, 202 (nee Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, p. 179). ??? Tyrannula cooperi, Kaup, 1. c. (Mexico). t Myiarchus cooperi, Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 180 (based on the above). Myiarchus erythrocercus, SCL. & Saxv., F. Z. S. 1868, 631, 632 (Tobago «fe Venezuela). Myiarchus yucatanemis, Lawr., Pr. Philad. Acad. 1871, 235. Myiarchus oberi, Lawr., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., I, 1877, 48 (Dominica, W. I.). Disclaiming any desire to prolong the discussion inaugurated by me in Vol. I of these Proceedings (p. 139), I however feel called upon, by Mr. Sennett's comments in his " Further i^otes on the Ornithology of the Rio Grande" (Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Survey, Vol. V, No. 3, pp. 402-404), to offer a few" additional remarks on the subject. The synonymy of Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup) Lawr., as given above, includes all the binomial synonyms of the species in question, so far as I am aware ; and in view of Mr. Sclater's positive declaration (P. Z. S. 1871, p. 84) that " Tyrannula mexieana of Kaup is identical with Myiar- chus cooperi of Baird," I do not see how we can avoid using Kaup's name for the species. Mr. Sclater's opinion certainly cannot be set aside, for he made actual comparison of Kaup's type specimen wdth the very examples which Professor Baird called M. cooperi, and found them " identical." The name erythrocercus, Scl., was proposed three years before Mr. Sclater made this discovery, and was, moreover, based on examples from Tobago, Venezuela, and Bahia, and was described as " similar to M. cooperi \i. e., mexicanus, Kaup], but much smaller," etc. In 1871, Mr. Lawrence, being apparently unaware of Dr. Sclater's identification of T. mexicanus, Kaup, with Professor Baird's M. cooperi^ and accepting the hitter's identification of mexicanus with his (L.'s) cin- erascens of later date, redescribed the Mexican bird as M. yucatanensis ; and in 1877, on the ground of certain differences of plumage and size, separated (from M. ^'erythrocercus") the specimens from the Lesser An- tilles (Dominica) by naming them M. oheri. * Cf. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Jan., 1878, p. 37. t "I do not . . . hesitate to decide tliat Tf/cawnttZa mextcawa of Kaup is identical with Myiarchus coopieri of Baird."—Scl., P. Z. S. 1871, p. 84." t "What Tyrannula cooperi, Kaup, is . . . does not now much signify. . . But it is not to be supposed that Professor Kaup would make two species of the same bird in the same paper. Therefore, Tyrannula cooperi ofKaup is probably not ^yiarc^us cooperi of Baird."—SCL., 1. c. 14 TROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Such is, ill brief, the history of the case. The poiut at issue, however, is whether specimeus of this species from the Kio Grrande Valley in Texas are to be referred to mexicanus proper or to an assumed race, ^^enjthrocercus.''^ The species was originally introduced to the United States fauna nnder the name " M. crlnitus erythrocercus (Scl. & Salv.) Cones " (Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Ter., Vol. IV, No. 1, p. 32), and was subsequently mentioned by the present writer as " M. erythrocercus var. coopcri " (Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., I, 1878, p. 138), both of which I believe to be incorrect—the former on account of the reference of the sptcies to M. criiiitus, and, probably, in the use of the name erythrocer- eus Instead of mexicanus; the latter, because erythrocercus is the subse- quent name, and cannot, therefore, be used for the specific designa- tion, while cooperi is also very doubtfully referable to this species. In order, however, to present the case as briefly and clearly as possible it will be necessary to discuss the several points separately. First, as to the reference of this species to crlnitus : I do not see how this can possibly be done without bringing in also 3f. cinerascens and M. stolidus (see Hist. N. Am. B., Vol. II, p. 331); and even then I much doubt whether crinitus and mexicanus ever intergrade, since I have examined many scores of si)ecimens, but have yet to find a speci- men that is truly intermediate.* There is, however, in Southwestern Mexico a very small race of mexicanus, which can be distinguished from cinerascens only by the extension of the rufous of the retvices to the extreme tip of the inner web, they being in every other respect appa- rently quite identical. There are several such examples in the national collection, obtained in Tehuantepee by Professor F. Sumichrast. Second : It is much tobe regretted that neither Dr. Kaup nor Dr. Sclater give measurements of the type sx)ecimens of T. mexicanus, since we might then readily determine whether this name belongs to the large or the small race of the species as occurring in Mexico. Since, however, Dr. Sclater remarks that "it (the said type) is certainly rather smaller in dimensions than two of my skins of this species {i. e., "If. cooperi,'''' Baird), and has the bill smaller"; and that "a third specimen in my collection, which I also refer to the (so-called) M. cooperi of Baird, agrees very well with it in general dimensions, and has the bill even slightly smaller," it appears very evident that Kaup's T. mexicana was not based on one of the very large individuals of this species, but one of medium size, corresponding to the Rio Grande specimeus. Further than this, the individual variations among Mexican specimens of this species affect only the size and proportions, not colors—at least not to any especially noticeable extent. Third : I find upon re-examination of all the material in the national * In Hist. N. Am. Birds, Vol. II, p. 331, we predicated the intergradatiou of these two species on the characters of au individual from Nicaragua, which, however, Dr. Coues (Pr. Philad. Acad. 1872, p. 68) says, and which I also now believe, is not dis- tinguishable from M. crinitus. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 collection (embracing nnmerous specimens received since my last paper was written), that specimens from the patria of erythrocercus proper (Venezuela, Tobago, Bahia, and other parts of South America) are uni- formly darker colored than the smaller Mexican examples, though they may fully equal them in size. This darkness of color is carried to an extreme degree in Antillean specimens, and constitutes, so far as I am able to see, the sole distinguishing character of Mr. Lawrence's "ilf. o&eH," as compared with the continental forms of the species en masse. Finally, I therefore conclude that, whatever may be the character of Central American specimens (of course they are intermediate), or whether the name mexicana is to be applied to the larger or smaller race of the Mexican bird (and the odds are strongly in favor of the latter), that (1) the name erythrocercus should, ifto.be used at all, be restricted to examples agreeing strictly with the South American "race," since it is subsequent in date to mexicanus ; and (2) that the Eio Grande birds are probably exactly like the type of the latter.* NycUdromus albicollis (Gmel.) Burm.—As explained some years since by Dr. Sclater (see P. Z. S. 1861, p. 10, and 186G, p. 144), the earli- est name for this species is Caprimulgus albicollis Gmel. (S. jS^., I, ii, 1788, p. 1030), the C. americanus of Linnaeus, quoted by Mr. Cassin (Proc. Philad. Acad. 1851, pp. 179, 180) and some other authors (see Mr. Sen- nett's two lists) being unquestionably a Jamaican species belonging to quite a different genus {Siphonorhis amcricana). All the synonyms and the more important references are given in iny notes in Dr. Merrill's paper (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, pp. 143 and 144). lACHE latirostris (Sw.) Elliot.—This species, introduced to the fauna of the United States by Mr. Henshaw {cf. American Sportsman, v, Feb. 20, 1875, p. 328 ; Zoology Wheeler's Exp., Orn., p. 380) under the name of Gh'ce latirostris, should be hereafter known by the above name, the genus Circe being previously employed in anotlier branch of zoology (see Elliott, Synopsis of the Trochilidse, p. 234). NOMONYX, gen. uov. Ch.—Similar to Erismatiira, but ditiering fi-oin all the species of that genus in the form of the maxillary unguis, which is similar to that of Fulix and allied genera, the same being in Erismatiira the most peculiar and important generic character. Type, Anas domiiiica, Linn. Altogether the most distinctive feature of the genus Erismatiira con- sists in the remarkably peculiar conformation of the maxillary unguis, * It seems proper to offer here a word of explanation in reference to the second paragraph on page 40:5 of Mr. Sennett's paper, which says (referring to my remarks on this species in Dr. Merrill's list) : '"There is no notice whatever of my specimen from Hidalgo, Tex., . . . which is in the National Museum, and which is the first record of its existence within our limits, and which Mr. Ridgway no doubt examined when he coincided with Dr. Cones as to its identihcation." The explanation I have to make is, that at the time m>i paper was written and printed t\\c. specimen in question was not in the National Museum collection, but, with other birds, had been retiunied to Mr. Seunett, at his request, for examination. ' 16 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. or nail of the upper mandible. This, viewed from above, is extremely small, narrow, and linear, the broader terminal half being bent very ab- ruptly downward and backward, so as to be visible only from iu front or below. With the sole exception of Anas dominica, Linn., all the species usually referred to this- genus agree strictly with the type, Anas leucocephala, Scop., notwithstanding other characters are more or less variable. Anas dominica, Linn., has the nail of normal form, or very- much like that prevailing among the ducks generally, and on this account should be separated generically from Urismatura. OESCRIPTIOIV OF A NEW SPECIES OF BIRD OF THE FAJUIIiT TVttDtVJE, FKOM THE ISIiAIVH OF DOItlllVICA, W. I. By GEO. N. LiAH^REWCE. Margarops dominicensis. Margarops herminiei-i, Lawr. nee Lair., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. I, p. 52. Male.—Tlie entire upper plumage is of a rich dark brown, the crown is darker and has the edges of the feathers of a lighter shade; tail and quill feathers of a darker brown than the back; axillars and under wing-coverts white ; the lores are blackish brown ; the feathers back of the eyes and the ear-coverts have narrow shaft streaks of pale rufous ; the feathers of the neck and upper part of the breast are of a warm dark brown, those of the chin and middle of the throat with light rufous centres, those of the lower part of the neck and the upper part of the breast have also light rufous cen- tres, but iu addition each feather has a light terminal spot ; on the lower part of the breast and on the sides the feathers have white centres, bordered strikingly with brown ; the markings of the breast-feathers are squamiform in shape, those of the sides lanceolate ; the abdomen is white, a fe:v feathers on the upper part are very narrowly margined with brown; under tail-coverts brown, terminating with white; outer feathers of thighs brown, the inner whitish ; " iris tea-color ; " there is a naked space around the eye ; bill yellow, with the basal half of the upper mandible dusky ; tarsi and toes pale yellow. Length (fresh), 9 inches ; wing, 5 ; tail 3J ; tarsus, If ; bill from front, if, from gap, IJ. Type in United States National Museum. Mr. Ober sent five specimens of this form from Dominica, all males and closely resembling each other. It is probable, as in the allied spe- cies, that the females do not differ in plumage materially from the males. Mr. Ober's collection from Dominica contained three species of Mar- garops which I never had seen before. These were referred to known species, two of them, I think, correctly ; but the one which is the sub- ject of this article I now find was erroneously considered to be M. hermi- nierij Lafr. I supposed these species would be the same as those recorded PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17 from the neigbboring isLiuds, as they agreed well with the descriptions given of them, and there were no available specimens to compare with. As soon as I bad finisbed the examination of the birds of each island collected by Mr. Ober, they were placed in a box by themselves, and not distnrbed again except for an occasional comparison. The collection from Guadelonjje, containing specimens of the true M. hermlnieri, Lafr., was not received until more than a year after that from Dominica. These specimens I labelled M. herminieri, Lafr., as a matter of course, tliey being from the locality of the type. The difference between the birds from the two islands was not observed at that time, as no com- parison was made. This winter, having occasion to review the species of Margarops, I got the specimens from the different islands together for the first time, and at once saw tbat the species from Dominica was quite distinct from the Guadeloupe bird. It differs from M. herniinieri, Lafr., in being less in length, of a more robust form, the bill stouter, and the tail shorter ; the brown coloring throughout is much darker and of a ruddy cast, instead of olivaceous ; the centres of the feathers on the throat and upper part of the breast are much more rufous, and have black spots at their ends ; the ab- domen is pnre white, whereas in M. herminieri the lower part of the breast and the abdomen are covered with lanceolate-shaped markings, which are very striking, each feather being white, with a strongly defined brown border ; only a very small space on the lower part of the abdomen is white; M. herminieri has the white ends of the under tail-coverts edged narrowly wiCh pale brown ; in the new species they are white without borders, and it has the tarsi and toes stronger and paler in color than those of M. herminieri. February 1, 1880. NOTES ON A COt-I^ECTION OF FISHES FKOM EAST FrA, OB- TAINED BY DR. X. A. HENSHAILIi. By DAVID S. JORDAIV, M. D. During the past winter (1878-'79) a collection of fishes was made for the writer by Dr. J. A. Henshall, of Cynthiana, Ky., in the streams and inlets of Eastern Florida. The number of species obtained was not large, but the specimens were preserved in excellent condition, and among them are several of interest. Two species {Gerres plumieri and TJmhrina hroitssoneti) had not been previously recorded from the coast of the United States. Three others were, at the time of collection, new to science. One of these has been lately described, under the name of Jordanella floridce, by Messrs. Goode and Bean. The others have been already noticed by me in these proceedings as Zygoneetes ruhrifrons and Zygonecies henshalli. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 2 April 26, 1 8 80. 18 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The marine species were obtained from Indian Eiver and from the neighboring coast; the cyprinodonts, centrarchids, and other fresh or brackish water species chiefly from San Sebastian River and tribu- taries. DIODONTID^. 1. Chilomycterus geometricus (Schneid.) Kaup. URANOSCOPIDiE. 2. Astroscopus y-grcecum (C. & V.) Gill. A single fine specimen of this beautifnl species. Dr. Henshall in- forms me that this specimen in life exhibited strong electrical powers, these powers apparently having their seat in the naked skin on the top of the head. So far as I know, such phenomena have not hitherto been ascribed to any fish of this family. I therefore put this statement on record, in hopes that subsequent observers of this rare fish may be able to verify it. ECHENEIDID^. 3. Echeneis naucrates L. A single specimen, with 22 laminae in the disk. CARANGID^. 4. Selene argentea Lac. Kumeroiis fine large specimens. Specimens lately described from the Pacific coast under the name of Argyriosus pacijicus, Lockington, appear to belong to this species. 5. Carangus chrysus (Mitch.) Girard. 6. Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linn.) Gill. 7. Oligoplites occidentalis (L.) Gill. Several fine specimens of this highly interesting species. The character of five (instead of seven) dorsal spines, assumed to distinguish Oligoplites from Scombroides Lac. {Gliorinemus C. & V.), is perhaps of insufficient value for generic distinction. Some of the species of Scomhroides have, however, the dermal productions really scale-like, instead of the irregular linear imbedded ridges found in Oligoplites. This character may for the present, until all the species of the group are examined, be held to dis- tinguish the latter genus. SCI^NID^. 8. Umbrina broussoneti Cuv. &, Val. Two fine specimens of this West Indian species were obtained by Dr. Henshall. These are the first yet recorded from the United States. The species is not included in Goode's Catalogue of Bermudau Fishes, nor PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19 in any of Poey's lists of the fishes of Cuba. It is, therefore, an im- portant addition to onr fauna. Tliis specimen a<^rees very fully with Giinther's descrij)tion of Vmbrina broussoneti, and with Cuvier and Valenciennes's description of Umbrina coroides. C. & V.'s description of U. brotissoneti gives the number of rays in the dorsal fin as X. I, 25. My specimens have D. X. I, 28. GERRID^. 9. Gerres plumieri Cuv. & Val. A single fine specimen of this beautiful species. It has not been pre- viously recorded from the coasts of the United States. SPARID^. 10. Lagodon rhomboides (L.) Holbr. PRISTIPOMATID^. 11. Lutjanus ca^s (Schneider) Poey. A single fine specimen. CENTRARCHID^. 12. Micropterus pallidus (Eaf.) Gill & Jordan. Dr. Leon Vaillant (Mission Scientifique an Mexique: ined.) divides this species provisionally into two, adopting the name ^' 3ficropterus salmoides^^ for the ordinary form, and that of Micropterus miecensis (Baird & Girard) for the southwestern form (Texas and Mexico). Ac- cording to him the two are externally identical, but 3L miecensis is dis- tiuguished by the presence of a small patch of teeth on the tongue, the tongue being entirely smooth in the ordinary form. I have examined a number of specimens in regard to this point. I find lingual teeth in the following specimens : (1.) Two specimens, one large one small, from the Falls of the Ohio. (2.) One small specimen from a tributary of White River at Bloom- ington, Ind. (3.) One specimen (in the museum at Paris) from Texas. I find them absent in the following : (1.) Several specimens in Henshall's collection from Indian Eiver. (2.) Specimen from Neuse River. (3.) Specimens from White River at Indianapolis. (4.) Specimens from Lake Erie. The presence of these teeth evidently does not depend on age, and apparently not on sex. It may be a specific feature, but I am inclined at present to think it only a feature of individual variation. I have not seen such teeth in the small-mouthed black bass. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13. Chaenobryttus viridis (C. & V.) Jor. 14. Lepomis pallidus (Mitch.) Gill & Jor. Tho recent rejection of the name "palUdns^^ for this species by my friend Professor Goode (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 139) is due to his having overlooked the fact that Mitchell has a Lahrus pallidus as well as a Bodianus pallidus in his Memoir on the Pishes of New York. The latter, as Professor Goode observes, is Bairdiella argyroleuca; the former is Lepomis pallidus. 15. Lepomis punctatus (Cuv. & Yal.) Jor. {Lepomis apiatus Cope. ) Several fine specimens. 16. Enneacanthus obesus (Baird) Gill. (Bryttus fasciatus Holbrook= Bryttus ohesus Baird ?). ^^ Enneacantlivs milnerianus Cope" is included in Goode's list (Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., II, 1879, 114) of the fishes of Florida. This species ap- pears in my list of valid species of Centrarchidse in Bulletin X of the National Museum. It is a nominal species, and came into the lists in this way: While my paper in Bulletin X was passing through the press, Professor Cope kindly sent me the proof-sheets of a paper on the fishes of the Saint John's, which has since appeared in the Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. In this paper a new species with the above name was described. This species, however, Professor Cope saw fit to suppress in the publication of the paper, he having identified it with Enneacan- thus fasciatus. MUGILID^. 17. Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz. White Mullet. Our other common species of Mugil, the striped mullet, Mugil plumieri and Mugil lineatus of authors, is doubtless the species for which the name of Mugil albula L. should be retained. SCOMBERESOCID^. 18. Hetnirhamphus unifasciatus Eanz. CYPRINODONTID^. 19. Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean. Many specimens of this interesting species were obtained by Dr. Henshall. The females differ from the males chiefly in the lower verti- cal fins. 20. Zygonectes rubrifrona Jordan. Numerous specimens. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 21. Zygonectes henshalli Jordan. Still more abundant. This species and the preceding are very closely related, and are both nearly intermediate between Zygonectes and Fundti- lun. The current genera related to Fundulus are separated by characters of very dubious value. 22. Fundulus sj). A small specimen with pale cross-bars; not suitable for identification. 23. Gambusia patruelis B. & G. Two specimens, agreeing with the descriptions of Gamhusia holbrooki of Girard and Giinther, and with Girard's figure of Gamhusia patruelis. The two species are probably identical. The black bars on the caudal and the oblique suborbital blotch are characteristic color-marks. CATOSTOMID^. 24. Erimyzou goodei Jordan. Many specimens. SILURID^. 25. Amiurus erebennus Jordan. Many small specimens. ANGUILLID^. 26. Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur) DeK. A comparison of these Florida specimens with a series of eels from Venice renders it evident that our American eel is not identical with Anguilla vulgaris of Europe, as I with others have supposed. In our species the beginning of the dorsal is notably more posterior than in the European one. In Venetian specimens the distance from the snout to the base of the dorsal is contained 3| times in the total leugtli of the fish. In Florida specimens the same distance is contained barely 3 times in the total length. The same difference is expressed differently but correctly by Dr. Giinther (Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., VIII, 24). He ascribes to A. vulgaris the character of — "The length of the head is nearly equal to the distance between the couiineiicements of the dorsal and anal fins." And to A. bostonicnsis (rostrata)— '•The length of the head is conspicuously more than the distance be- tAveeu the commencements of the dorsal and anal fins." The band of vomerine teeth also appears to extend farther back in A. vulgaris than in A. rostrata. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. NOTES OIV A COI^IiECTIOIV OF FISHE*^ FKOM SAINT JOHN'S RIVFR, FliORIDA, OBTAINED BY MB. A. H. CURTISS.. By DAVID S. JORDAN. A small collection of fishes from Saint John's River was sent to Prof. H. E. Copeland and myself some years ago by Mr. A. H. Curtiss. As this collection contains some specimens of interest, a list is here given: 1. Siphonostoma sp. {Synfjtudhus Auct.). Two specimens of a variety or species of this genus, apparently imde- scribed, are in this collection. I have specimens of three types, sub- species, or species of Siphonostoma from our Atlantic coast, which may be thus compared : » PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ?3 NOTES ON A COIiT.ECTlOIV OF FISHES FKO.TI SAN DIEGO, VH L- IFORNIA. By DAVID S. JOIIDAIV aoid CHARLES H. GILBERT. The writers have spent the greater part of the month of January, 1880, in the collection and stndy of fishes at San Diego, Cal., in the inter- ests of the United States Fish Commission. As some of the species obtained are new to science, and others new to the United States fauna, it is thought advisable to present an annotated list in advance of the j)ublication of a more extended report. HIPPOCAMPID^. 1. Hippocampus ingens Girard. One large specimiea seen. SYNGNATHID^. 2. Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard. {Syngnathus arundinaceua Girard.) Kot uncommon. PLEURONECTID^, 3. Paralichthys maculosus Girard. Very abundant. There seems to us no doubt of the correctness of Lockington's identification of the ''TJiropsetta Galifornica'" with this spe- cies. The caudal fin in the adult is somewhat double concave; iu the yoiing the middle rays are more produced. This species is both dextral and sinistral. Out of twenty-six examples examined in reference to this point fifteen were found to be sinistral and eleven dextral. 4. Citharichthys sordidus (Girard) Giintlier. Not common ; one specimen seen. 5. Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard) Gill. Common. SOLEID^. 6. Aphoristia atricauda sp. nov. Body oblong-lanceolate, anteriorly somewhat blunt, regularly nar- rowed behind and ending in a point, the snout rather abruptly truncate, eyes and color on the left side. Eyes A^ery small, nearly even behind, the ui>per eye the larger and extending farthest forward. A single nos- tril in front of the interorbital space and apparently a single smaller one below it. Mouth moderate, extending to opposite the eye, somewhat 24 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. turned toward the eyed side; lips large, not fringed, the upper with a small blackish papilla in advance of lower eye. This is apparently nor- mal, but it may be a detached piece of skin, hardened by the alcohol. Upper jaw scarcely produced, not forming a hook. Teeth small, on the blind side only, the edge of the jaw on the eyed side forming a smooth ridge. Gill-openings narrow, not extending up to the level of the mouth. Scales very small, ctenoid, pretty regular over the body, much smaller on the head, the rows of scales rendered very distinct by black dots, the stripes converging towards the snout. Scales on the two sides of the body similar. No lateral line on either side. About 105 scales (100 to 110) in a longitudinal series from the head to the tail; 45 to 50 in a cross-series. Dorsal fin beginning on the head, continuous with the anal around the tail. Yentral fin of the colored side only present, nearly on the ridge of the abdomen, and separatedfrom the anal by an interval half longer than the cleft of the mouth. Eays of the middle parts of the dorsal and anal tins with a fleshy border at base on the blind side. Dorsal rays about 100; anal rays 80; no distinct caudal fin. Coloration brownish olive, with vertical dark half-bars, irregular in size and position, some of them coming down from the back and others up from the belly, these posteriorly nearly meeting, but anteriorly alter- nating. Streaks of dark points along the rows of scales, these forming very distinct longitudinal streaks. Posterior part of dorsal and anal broadly edged with black. liight side plain white. Measurements. Inches. Length 4.8 Depth (proportion of length) 275 Length of head , 18 Diameter of eye U2 Interorhital space 01 Cleft of mouth 06 Length of snout 045 Distance from snout to dorsal 085 Distance from snout to anal 25 Height of dorsal 08 Height of anal 085 Length of caudal 08 Length of % entral 05 Interval between ventrals and anal 085 Depth of gill-oj)ening 095 This species is known to us from a single specimen taken by a Chinese fisherman. Ah Sam, in the Bay of San Diego. This specimen is now in the collection of the United States National Museum, No. . In form and number of scales, fin-rays, etc., it resembles Aphoristia or- nata from the West Indies, but the ventral fin is remote from the anal. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25 BATRACHIDiE. 7. Porichthys poroslssimus (C. & V.) Giiutber. Very common. BLENNIID^. 8. Heterostichus rostratus Girard. Found in the "kelp" outside the harbor. 9. Gibbonsea elegans Cooper, A sinftle specimen taken in the rock-pools on Point Loma. 10. Hypleurochilus gentilis (Grd.) Gill. With the preceding, and more common. GOBIID^. 11. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. Exceedingly abundant in the shallow Abaters of the bay. Only small specimens seen, the maxillary in these being much less developed than in the adult. COTTID^. 12. Leptocottus armatus Girard. Common in the Bay of San Diego. 13. OUgocottus aualis Grd. Allied, but not closely, to Ariedius quadriseriatus Lockington. Body compressed, especially behind, not much depressed anteriorly ; head comparatively small, scarcely depressed, narrowed and rather pointed anteriorly, its outline triangular as viewed from above; snout strongly decurved in profile; mouth moderate, horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to opposite posterior margin of pupil; premaxillarj^ anteriorly beloAv the level of the eye; eyes large, high up, close together, as long as the snout, 3^ in head, their diameter double the "width of the deep interorbital space, which has a deep lengthwise groove; nasal spines iirominent; a doep cross-furrow behind them, which forms with the interocular furrow a V-shaped figure; preopercle with a blunt process, on which is a spine directed upwards and outwards; no scales on the head; no other spines on the head. Branchiostegals G. Gill membranes broadly united, without isthmus. First dorsal beginning in front of the posterior edge of the opercle, its first two spines fet close together at base, diverging above, and shorter than the third. Dorsal fins contiguous, but not united, neither of them specially ele- vated ; pectoral fin reaching beyond front of anal, its lower rays with the skin tliickened, and projecting much beyond the membranes; cau dal fin slightly rounded; anal i)apilla very conspicuous. Fin rays: D. IX 10; A. 13-14; V. I, 3; P. IC; C. 10 +. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Posterior i^art of body covered with miuiite, imbedded, non-imbricate, pectinate scales, which cover most of the posterior part of the body- above and cease anteriorly behind the middle of the spinous dorsal in front and at the posterior third of the soft dorsal behind; some scales also along the region of the lateral line anteriorly; a series of somewhat larger but still minute scales at base of dorsal, one below each ray, and another along lateral line ; anteriorly, cirri take the place of the i)ecti- nations on the scales. No prickles on the skin. On the head and anterior parts of the body are very many long white, simple, bifid or trifid cirri, so that the living fish appears almost "woolly" with them. Some of these cirri on the nasal bones ; a patch between and behind the eyes; the whole top of the head sparsely covered; two or three on the posterior edge of the maxil- lary; edge of the cheeks fringed with them as with a gray beard. A conspicuous row of them along the lateral line, which ceases somewhat behind the beginning of the scaly area. A row of cirri along the base of the spinous dorsal extending to about the seventh ray of the spinous dorsal. Many scattering cirri between the dorsal and lateral line. Skin of head with many mucous pores. Body dark, clear olive-green, with about five irregular bars of darker greenish; much mottled and spotted, some of the spots above clear blue, some rusty red, and the most of them blackish. A dark bar at base of caudal ; lower part of sides with round black spots x>osteriorly. Fins all with cross-bars made of dark spots and lighter areas. Measurement of largest specimen—from Point of Bocks. Total length 4 iuclies. Leugth to base of caudal 3.45 iuches. Leugth of liead (percentage of length to base of caudal) 30 Depth of body " 25 Least depth of body " . 095 Diameter of eye " 07 Width of head " 20 Depth of head " 17 Length of maxillary " ; 12 Distance from snout to dorsal " 27 Length of first dorsal " 27 Length of second dorsal " . 37 Height of first dorsal " 12 Height of second dorsal " 15 Length of anal " 30 Height of anal " 13 Length of pectoral " 33 Leugth of ventral " 22 Length of caudal " 20 Length of longest cirri " 04 Length of anal papilla " OS This description is drawn from two adult examples taken at Point of Eocks, near San Diego, just south of the line of Mexico, and from about PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 fifteen examples of various sizes taken at the "mussel beds" on Point Loma, near San Diego. These are numbered ? in the museum col - lection. It inhabits cup-shaped pools in the rocks between tide-marks lurking in the Coralliaa, and may be caught at low tide. Its quick movements when alarmed render this, however, a matter of some difitt- culty. 14. Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Grd. Occasionally taken in the kelp. SCORP^NID^. 15. Sebastapistes guttatus (Ginird) Gill. i!^ot uncommon. 16. Sebastichtliys atrovirens Jor. & Gilb. MSS. Occasionally taken in the kelp. LATILID^. 17. Caulolatilus princeps (Jeuyns) Gilb. Common in the kelp. SCOMBRIDiE. 18. Sarda cMlensia (C. & V.) J. & G. Abundant off shore in the fall. PERCID^. 19. Paralabrax clathratus Grd, Frequent. 20. Paralabrax maculofasciatus (Steindachner) Gill. Common in the bay. 21. Stereolepis gigas Ayres. Occasionally taken off the coast. SPARID^. 22. Girella nigricans (Ayres) Gill. The young common in the rock-pools. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23. Cynoscion magdalenae (Steindachner) Jor. & Gilb. Common in the bay of San Diego. 24. Menticirrus elongatus (Gunther) Gill. A large species of Menticirrus, probably Umhrina elongata of Giinther, is taken occasionally in the bay. We have obtained one specimen. 25. Corvina saturua (Girard) Steindacliuer. Not uncommon. 26. Roncador stearnsi (Steindacliner) Jor. & Gilb. (gen. nov.). Common. This species, having a serrated preopercle and only villiform teeth in either jaw, is not a Corvina as that genus is understood by many recent writers. Its relations are rather with Scicenops ocellatus, with which it is, however, hardly congeneric. We propose to consider it as the type of a distinct genus or subgenus, for which the name Roncador, applied to it by the Italian fishermen, may be adopted. This word appears also in the Latin name of a related species, Umhrina ronchus. Roncador, gen. nov. Allied to Corvina and Scicenops. Body moderately elongated, the head deep, the profile declivous, lower jaw included; both jaws with a broad band of villiform teeth only; no enlarged teeth or canines ; pseudobranchite present ; i)reopercle strongly and evenly dentate posteriorly, entire below ; spines strong, the second of the anal very robust, but not very long ; caudal fin lunate, air-blad- der large. This species, Roncador stearnsi, is as readily distinguished by the black pectoral spot as its relative, Scicenops ocellatus, is by the black spot on the caudal. EMBIOTOCID^. 27. Embiotoca jacksoni Ag. Common. 28. Amphistichus argenteus A^. Occasional. 29. Ditrema furcatum (Grd.) Gunther. Common. 30. Hyperprosopon arcuatum Gibbons. Not uncommon. 31. Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons. Very abundant. 32. Abeona minima (Gibbons) GiU. Occasional. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29 LABRID^. 33. Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) Gill. Yeiy abundaut in the kelp outside the bay. SPHYR^NID^. 34. Sphyraena argentea Girard. Yery abundant outside the bay in the fall. ATHERINID^. 35. Chirostoma californiense (Girard) Gill. Exceedingly abundant. 36. Atherinops affinis (Ayres) Steindachner. Scarcely less common. 37. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Jor. & Gilb. (geu. nov.) LeurestJieSj gen. nov., allied to Atherinops Steindachner, but with the teeth wanting or reduced to slight or deciduous asperities. In the spe- cimens which we have obtained of this species no teeth whatever are observable. The much greater wddth of the posterior portion of the premaxillary in Chirostoma, Aiherinops, and Leuresthes serve to distinguish these genera from Atherina, in addition to the differences in the form of the mouth. Lahidesthes Cope has, like Atherina, a slender premaxillary, but the mouth is curved and the jaws much produced forwards. The group called by Girard Heterognatlius has likewise a broad premax- illary. It is probably not separable generically from Chirostoma, although the lower jaw is much stronger and some teeth are present on the vomer. Leuresthes tenuis is occasionally taken in San Diego Bay, but it is much less abundant than the others and attains a smaller size. MUGILID^. 38. Mugil mexicanus Steindacliner. Very abundant in San Diego Bay. Our specimens have the anal III, 8, instead of III, 7, as stated by Dr. Steindachner. SCOMBERESOCID^. 39. Hemirhamphus sp. incert. The young of a species of Hemirhamphus is very abundant in San Diego Bay. We are at present unable to identify it with any of the known species, but having seen no specimens over four inches long, we 30 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. do not think proper to describe it as new. The rays both in dorsal and anal are 14 or 15 ; the lower jaw is contained 4 times in the total length. It is allied to H. pleii and H. unifasciatus, bnt it is probably distinct from both. ' 40. Beloiie exilis Girard. Occasionally taken. One specimen seen. CYPRINODONTID^. 41. Fundulus parvipinnis Girard. Very common in the Bay of San Diego. ALBULID^. 42. Albula vulpes (L.) Goode. This species visits the bay at intervals, in considerable schools. Sev- eral specimens were obtained. CLUPEID^. 43. Clupea sagax Jenyns. Very abundant in San Diego Bay. The very largest are nearly plain in coloration. The ordinary specimens have a very distinct series of round, blackish spots along the sides of the back, with smaller ones above it, which form stripes along the rows of scales. 44. Clupea mirabiUs Girard. Very abundant in San Diego Bay. The vomerine teeth in this spe- cies are very few and often not to be found. It should not be generic- ally separated from the preceding. ENGRAULID^. 45. Engraulis delicatissimus Girard. Very common. 46. Engraulis ringens Jenyns. Very common. MUR^NIDiE. 47. Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres) Jor. & Gilb. Not rare in rock-pools. This species is extremely pugnacious, strik- ing at a stick after the fashion of a snake. It is also very tenacious of life. Length of tail almost exactly equal to that of the rest of the body, head forming one-seventh of the total length ; snout short, narrow, and pointed, occipital region becoming fleshy and much elevated with agej dorsal fin beginning immediately in front of the gill openings. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31 Tube of the anterior nostril half as long as the eye; the posterior nostril with a slight membranous expansion, not forming a tube; diam- eter of eye contained 2J times in the length of the snout, being placed nearly above the middle of the gape; gill oiiening slightly longer than the eye. Sides of the upper jaw with two seiies of teeth posteriorly ; the outer series small, close-set, somewhat triangular in form, slightly recurved, immovable; the inner series similar in form, but much larger, depressi- ble, the series not extending so far back as the outer and consisting of about five teeth; the two series separated by a well-defined groove; in front of these, and continuous with the outer series, are three nearly fixed knife-shaped teeth, the posterior the larger, next a movable tooth similar to the last fixed one but smaller, and three small fixed teeth in front. On the middle line of the vomer are three depressible, fang-like, arrow-shaped teeth, the first rather smaller than the largest lateral teeth, the othf^r two subequal and considerably larger, the posterior one very freely movable. These teeth are subject to some variation in different individuals, and are seldom quite alike on both sides of the same fish. In the lower jaw is a single series corresponding to the fixed series in the upper jaw. These are similarly enlarged in front, where the series is partly duplicated and some of the teeth are movable. The teeth in the lower jaw are broader and more directed backwards than those in the upper jaw. MYLIOBATID^. 48. Myliobatis californicus Gill. (Bhinoptera vespertilio Girard.) The commonest of the numerous stingrays in San Diego Bay. DASYBATID^. 49. Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper. Common in San Diego Bay. Probably distinct from P. Mrundo, hav- ing a narrower disk and shorter tail, with distinct dermal fold above and below. 50. Urolophus halleri Cooper. Common. This species is certainly not identical with U. forpedinns, in the synonymy of which species it is placed by Dr. GUnther. Its skin is entirely smooth. It is probably a valid species, more nearly allied to U. cruciatus than to U. torpedinus. 51. Dasybatis dipterurus sp. nov. Allied to Basyhatis centrums and D. pastinaca. Disk rhomboid, slightly broader than long; anterior margins nearly straight forwards, meeting in a very obtuse angle; posterior margins curved ; lateral angles rounded. Tail nearly half longer than disk, with 32 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM a conspicuous cutaneous fold below and a smaller but evident one above. Upper jaw considerably curved, with a sligbt convex protuber- ance in front, which fits into a slight emargination in the lower jaw, which is convex, its outlines corresponding to the curves of the upper jaw. Bands of teeth wider in front than laterally. Inside of mouth behind the lower jaw with three fleshy processes. Teeth about f^; about 8 in a cross-series in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower. Color light brown, somewhat marbled with darker, but without dis- tinct spots ; tail blackish ; belly white. Skin everywhere perfectly smooth in all the specimens seen. Measurements of two specimens. No. 1. No. 2. Length of disk (in inches) 8.75 8.50 Length of tail (in inches) 12.25 12.40 Breadth of dislc Percentage of length of disk 1. 01 1. 10 Distance from disk to dorsal fold " 45 ..53 Length of dorsal fold " 135 .155 Height of dorsal fold " 0175 .019 Distance from root of tail to anal fold. " 38 .375 Length of anal fold *' 30 .365 Height of anal fold " . 02>5 .0225 Length of suont from eye . = - " 21 .18 luterorbital width " 13 .115 Snout to scapular ridge " 32 .335 Distance between nostrils " 155 .15 Width of mouth " 11 .11 Length of branchial area " 195 .18 Widthof branchial area (in front)— " 32 .31 Mouth to vent " 70 .70 Length of caudal spine " (lost) .335 Distance of spine from disk " 35 .325 This species is known to us from four female specimens taken in San Diego Bay. These range in length from 18 to 24 inches, and are there- fore but partially grown. Several other specimens, some of them larger, have been seen in a pile of refuse fish throw^n away by the Chinese fish- ermen. These were, however, too far gone for preservation or descrip- tion. 52. Platyrhina exasperata sp. nov. Disk rhombic, about as broad as long, the snout prominent, but bluntish at the tip, the angle made by the anterior margins of the pec- torals rather less than a right angle, but the snout itself rounded at the tip. Anterior margin of pectorals nearly straight. Eyes rather large ; nasal ridges well separated, little converging, not meeting anteriorly. Mouth rather narrow, slightly convex forward. Teeth about |f . Nostrils with a large anterior flap, which projects back- wards and covers a narrower posterior flap. Ventral fins separate, entire, their outer margin slightly convex. Tail depressed, with a broad lateral fold ; dorsal fins comparatively PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33 large ; candal fin well developed ; under side of tail flattened with a blunt medial ridge. Under side covered with a fine shagreen, like the skin of a shark, the roughnesses being triangular and closely set, depressible backwards ; the skin below much as in Bhinohatiis, but the prickles higher and sharper, the skin much rougher than in the latter genus. The branchial region, from the nostrils to the pelvic bones, is entirely smooth, except the lower lip, which has a band of close-set prickles. A small tract in the middle of the pelvic area is pricklj', and most of the abdomen proper, back to a point in front of the vent ; the anterior and outer three-fourths of the pectorals below and about half the ven- trals anteriorly and exteriorly also rough, as is the whole snout below, in front of the nostrils ; whole lower surface of the tail and the surface of the fins rough with shagreen. Above, the entire surface is covered with close-set stellated prickles of different sizes, largest on the base of the pectorals, and smallest about the eyes and on the outer edges of the fins. Besides these are several stout, bluntish, slightly recurved spines, with stellate bases, placed as follows : One at the upper anterior angle of the eye and two behind it, the posterior the larger ; a large spine on the back at the shoulder-girdle, in front of which are two or three on the median line, and a series on the middle line of the back of 10 to 12 ; two more on the tail between the dorsal fins ; two series on the shoulder- girdle, the inner of two, the outer of two to four. 'No other large spines on the body, ^o claw-like spines are present on the pectorals in the male examples seen, all of which are, however, immature. Measurements. Total length 8. 4 inches. Length of disk, to root of ventral 4.4 inches= .51 of totall Breadth of disk 51 " Length of tail 49 " Snout to scapular spine 295 " Eye 05 " Snout 11 "• Interorhital space 055 " Scapular spine to first dorsal 31 '• Length of first dorsal 045 " Height of first dorsal 095 " Distance between dorsals 075 " Length of caudal fin below 15 " "Width between nostrils 12 " Width of mouth 095 " Snont to vent 46 " Width of branchial area 225 " Length of branchial area .085 " This species is very abundant in the Bay of San Diego, where about twenty examples of both sexes, all very similar in size, were obtained.. This species of the Asiatic genus Platyrh'ma in the Avaters of the' United States is a very interesting addition to our fauna. Proc. Kat. Mus. 80 3 May 6, 188©. 34 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. RHINOBATIDiE. 53. Rhinobatus productus Ayres. Very common. GALEORHINID^. 54. Mustelus californicus Gill. x\buiidaiit. This species appears to be identical with the Atlantic Mustelus canis, itself iutlistingiiishable from Mustelus hinnulus Blainville, of the Mediterranean. 55. Triacis semifasciatus Grd. ]^ot uncommon. 56. Galeocerdo sp ? The jaAvs of a large shark, with the teeth similar in both jaws, triangu- lar, oblique, deeply notched on the outer margin, and all strongly ser- rate, are preserved by Mr. Pitcher, of San Diego. The shark was taken near San Diego, but south of the Mexican line. The width of the mouth is about a foot. I suppose this to have been a species of Gale- ocerdo. HETERODONTID^. 57. Heterodontus francisci (Grd.) Jor. & Gilb. Common. »ESCRIPTION OF A NJEW Fr, CAL,IFORI>IA. By ©AVID S. JOKa>AM and CHARI.ES II. OILBERT. XYSTEEURYS LIOLEPIS, gen. et sp. nov. Generic chakacters.—Subfamily Hippoglossinw, allied to Hippo- ;glossina, Rippoglossoides^ and Paraliclithys {Pseudorhomhus). Eyes and color on the right side ; mouth large, oblique, with the teeth developed on both sides, stout, unequal, bluntish, in a single series ; gill-rakers few, short, thick, almost triangular; scales small, cycloid, membraneous, ob- long in form; lateral line simj)le, arched over the pectorals ji caudal fin double-truncate, the angles rounded ; dorsal fin beginning over the eye ; anal fin preceded by a feeble antrorse spine ; ventrals lateral ; body ob- long, moderately deep, rather thin. This genus differs from Hippoglossoides in the arched lateral line, and from Ilippoglossina in the cycloid scales and in its dextral habit. From jnost of the related genera it is separated by the few stout short gill rakers. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35 Specific characters.—Form broadly elliptical, tlie profile contin- uous with the curve of the back; ventral outline from chin to past the veutrals nearly straight, the rest of the outline corresponding to the dorsal outline. Head moderate, shortish ; mouth very oblique, not so large as in ParaUchthyfi maculosns; the premaxillaries on the level of the l)upil Avhen the mouth is closed, the maxillary reaching to the posterior border of the eye ; maxillary broad ; teeth in a straight row, wide apart, nnequal, conical, and blunt at tip, their number about ,.,,-, ,,• Teeth in the lower jaw irregularly alternating large and small. In tlie n]>perjaw similar, but smaller and less obviously alternating. The middle tooth on the blind side in the upper jaw the largest. Eyes large, close together, the lower slightly anterior; nostrils of right side above and in front of lower eye ; upper nostrils turned over on the blind side; posterior nostrils largest, with a conspicuous flap. luterorb- ital space a narrow, elevated ridge, covered with very small scales; a few scales on the posterior i)art of the maxillary, none on the mandible. Preopercle with its posterior margin free, little movable ; cheeks and opercles densely covered with small, oblong, cycloid scales. Branchios- tegals 7. Gill-rakers short, blunt, triangular, scarcely one-fourth as long as the eye, their edges slightly dentate. There are about 7 of the large ones on the middle and lower i:>art of the gill-arch, some rudiments above. (There are about 24 long and slender gill-rakers in Paralichthys maculo- sus.) Lateral line without dorsal branch, with a broad curve above the pec- torals. Scales quite small, oblong, cycloid, thin and membraneous ; little imbricated except behind, and somewhat imbedded in the skin, with some smaller supernumerary scales, especially below; scales much smaller on the thoracic region than on the sides. Scales of right and left sides similar. A series of small scales extending up each ray of the vertical fius. Lateral line with about 123 scales, pierced by tubes; number of rows of scales perhaps a little greater than the number of tubes. Dorsal fin beginning just in advance of the middle of the puj^il, its first ray slightly turned toward the blind side ; some of the anterior rays turcate; most of the rays simjile; the fin rather low in front, gradually becoming higher to a point near the middle of the body, thence regu- larly diminishing behind, the last ray being near to the base ofthe caudal ; the caudal peduncle very short ; anal flu similar, its highest ray opposite the highest of the dorsal ; a weak antrorse spine at beginning of anal veutrals shortish, reaching i^ast front of anal ; pectoral of right side, about as long as head, that of left side half as long. Caudal flu some- what double-truncate, with rounded angles, the middle rays being pro- duced. Fin-rays : Dorsal, 82 ; anal, Gi ; ventrals, 7. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mcasurcineids of typical specimen. (jf,,. , United States Katioual Mnsoum.) Extreme len-tli 11.50 inches. Leugth to base of ciuulal lin 9.90 iuclie8= 1.00 Greiite.st fh^ptli '*^ Least depth ^^^ Length of caudal pedunch- 0^^» Length of head ^"^ Width of interor))ital area 017 04 10 Length of snout Length of nnxxillai-y Length of mandible H Diameter of orbit ^^^ Distance from snout to dorsal ^^^ Length of base of dorsal ''^ Greatest height of dorsal , -1" Distance of anal from snout '^'^ Length of base of anal -^^ Height of longest ray 11 Length of caudal 1'^ Length of pectoral (right side) .24 Length of veutrals ^^^ The typical example of this species was taken on a hook on the west side of the island of Santa Catilina, Los Angeles Connty, California. OESCKIPTIOX OF A NEW KAY (S»BLiATYKMIIVA TRISEBIATA), FROM THE COAST OF C AI.BFOBIVIA. BY DAVID S. JORDAN AND CHARL.ES H. C^ILBERT. PLATYRHINA TRISERIATA. Disk broad-ovate, broader than long ; the snout very blnutly rounded, not projecting ; the angle formed anteriorly by the pectorals very ob- tuse; anterior margins of the pectorals slightly convex ; tail stout, in form intermediate between i^aia and Bhiiiohatit)^, its width at base about equal to the length of the snout and a little more than the interorbital width ; tail much longer than the disk, not unich depressed, its sides vertical, its lower lateral edges with broad horizontal fold, a slight groove above on each side of the median series of spines. Dorsal fins similar, higher than long, the anterior far behind the end of the claspers ; the posterior free margin of both fins very convex, not forming an angle. Caudal flu large, well developed both above and below, its outline entire, elliptical. Ventral fins with their margins en- tire, the claspers well developed. Pectoral fins extending forward to a point but little short of the tip of the snout. Eostral ridges wide apart at base, rapidly convergent, inclosing a tri- angular area ; a slight translucent sjoace separates this from the opaque pectorals ; e^es small, wide a])art, the broad spiracles close behind them. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37 Moutli broad, its widtli equal to the distance from its front margin to tlie tip of the snout ; a deep crease passing around the mouth behind, in front of which the lower lip has three folds of skin. Upper lip not developed, a strong- fold of skin passing from the angle of the mouth on either side to the inner angle of the nostrils, thence straight across, joining its fellow on the opposite side, these folds enclos- ing a depressed, subtriangular, / \ -shaped area, which is bounded behind by the curved outline of the upper jaw. In this depression are three transverse cross-folds of skin. jS'ostrils broader than the interval between them, with a free fold behind, which is prolonged forwards and inwards in the middle, the rest of the fold being turned backward. An- terior edge of nostrils with a broad tlap, the outer edge of which is much prolonged, overlapping the i)osterior flap, the inner edge covering the inner angle of the nostril. Both jaws strongly and somewhat regularly curved. Teeth numerous, rather sliarp, about fj, about twelve in a cross-series. Gill openings very narrow. Skin everywhere covered with a rather fine shagreen, almost precisely as in Uliinohatus productus. The asperities are smaller below, and coarser on the outer anterior margin of the pectorals, where tbere are also two or three irregular rows of sharp, curved, backward-directed spines. Four strong spines on the tip of the snout, forming a rhombic figure ; four or five strong, bluntish spines around each eye, above and in front, the one at the upper anterior angle the largest. A series of 22 very strong spines along the median line of the back and tail, and two more on the tail between the dorsal fins. On each side of the tail above is a similar series of ten spines, the first opposite the end of the base of the ventrals, the last opposite the front of the first dorsal; a single strong spine on the outer edge of the shoulder-gir- dle and two between the spine and the dorsal series. Color almost exactly as in Rhinobatus productus. Olive-brown above, whitish beneath, the vertical fins paler. Eostral area and edges of pec- torals somewhat translucent. No sharp markings of any kind anywhere. Measurements. Extreme lengtli 17.90 inches. Length of disk 7, 25 inches = 1.00 Width of disk 1.09 Width of tail at base "^0 Distance between outer humeral spines 30 Length of branchial area .ir> Width of branchial area in front - .34 Width of branchial area behind 28 Distance between outer edges of nostrils 21 Width of mouth 20 Width of interorbital area • 1^5 Length of eye 00 Length of snout from eye • 225 38 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lAMi^ffb of snout from mouth ~~ IjCiigtli of uostrils t)7 Width of anterior nasal ilap '^G Length of nasal flap 04 Distance from snout to first dorsal 1- ^^^ Length of base of first dorsal 09» Height of first dorsal 18 Interval between dorsals *. 155 Length of second dorsal '10 Height of second dorsal 19 Height of caudal 175 Length of upper portion of caudal 455 Distance from snout to end of base of j)ectoral 83 Length of base of ventrals 23 Width of ventrals 20 Length of claspers 36 The type of this species, an adult male, was taken at Santa Barbara, Cal., February 8, 1880, by A. Larco, an Italian fishermen. It is nuiu- hered in the collection ofthe United States National Museum. Mr. Larco states that this species is not uncommon about Santa Barbara in spring and summer. This species is probably related to Plafyrhlna sinensis, but it has little affinity with Platyrliina exasperata, already described by us, from San Diego. In color, form of tail, and character of the dermal covering it resembles the Rhinohatidce, and its affinities with /Si/rrJiina, of the latter " family," are evident. OESCBIPTIOIV OF A NEW SPECBES OF "ROCK COD" (SEBASTICH- TSI¥8 SERKICEPS), FBOItt THE COAST OF C AI^IFORjXIA. By DAVID S. JOKDAN and CBIABI.ES H. OILBEKT. Body rather robust, heavy forwards, compressed behind, the caudal peduncle short and rather slender. Head large. Mouth large, rather oblique, the maxillary reaching to opposite the middle of the eye; the l)remaxillary anteriorly on the level of the orbit; jaws about equal, in the closed mouth; teeth, as usual, in villiform bands on the jaws, vomer, and palatines. Top of head with the spinous ridges very thick and strong, their tips bluntish, turned upward and outward; the spines on each side placed nearly in a right line, so that the edge of the crown seems somewhat regularly serrated. The following j)airs of spines are present: nasal, preocular, supraoc- ular, tympanic, occipital, and nuchal. The coronal spines (found in jS. anriculatns and S. ruber) are wanting in this species, as are the i)ost- ocular spines (usually present in jS. xnnriiger). Interorbital space be- tween the spines narrow, flat, and coarsely scaled (the elevated ridges found in S. nigrocinctus being wanting). The tympanic spines are PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 stronger than in related species. The nuchal spines are as usual placed close behind the occipital. Preorbital bone rather broad, with a single obsolete spine directed downward. Preopercle with five rather short and bluntish spines, the second the larger, the three lower quite small. Opercle with two blunt- ish, diverging spines. A blunt spine on the shoulder girdle above the l^ectorals ; two sharp suprascapular spines. Subopen^le and lower edge of opercle each with a blunt point. Preorbital scaly below. Maxillary naked. Eye rather large, its diameter about one-quarter the length of the head. Gill-rakers clavate, short, stiff, compressed, armed with bristly teeth above and within. There are about thirty of them in all, those nearest the middle of the arch longest and most perfect, the others gradually growing smaller and incomplete. About half of them have the poste- rior edge free. The longest is about one-third the length of the eye (^ in S. melanops ; f in S. ])inniger). In form they are midway between the tubercle-like gill-rakers of '•' Schastosomus'''' {S. imlanops) and the long and slender gill-rakers in " Sehastomus^^ {S.2nnniger,flavidns, auricu- latus, etc.). Branchiostegals 7, the gill membranes, as in other species, little united, without isthmus. Scales moderate, essentially as in S. fasciatus and related species. Lateral line with 55 scales. Dorsal fin with strong spines, the fourth to seventh highest and sub- equal, the lowest more than half the height of the highest. Soft dorsal rather higher than any of the spines. Caudal fin broad, rounded. Anal fin with the second spine robust, about as long as the third and much stronger, the soft rays high. Pectoral broad and rounded, its base deep, nearly one-third the length of the head, its lower rays thickened as in S. melanops, its tij^s reaching just past the vent. Ventrals falling just short of the front of anal. Fin rays: D. XII, 1, 13; A. Ill, 5. General color dark olive, blackish on the head and back, the sides somewhat yellowish; sides of body with black cross-bands which are somewhat oblique; these bands are usually distinct, but are sometimes nearly obsolete in dark-colored examples. The first band runs down- ward from front of dorsal across base of pectoral; the second from near the middle of spinous dorsal to behind the ventrals; the third from the posterior part of the dorsal to the vent; the fourth and fifth above the anal, and the sixth at base of caudal. Another black bar extends across the scapular region and the opercular s}>ines, and two bands radi- ate from the eye, obliquely downward and backward. Belly dusky greenish; fins blackish, with a strong olive tinge. Lips, mouth, froiit and lower port of the head, with a strong wash of 40 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. coppery red, this color fadiug out on the thoracic region. Base of fins and different parts of the body sometimes with obscure small whitish spots. Measurements. (i^o. ,*[Jnitecl States National Museum, from Santa Barbara.) Extreme lengtli 10, 40 inches. Length to base of caudal 8. 70 inches =:^ 1. 00 Greatest depth 38 Least depth 11 Length of head 35 Diameter of eye 085 Length of snout 10 Width of interorhital area 055 Length of supraocular ridge 05 Length of occipital ridge .06 Length of maxillary 18 Distance from snout to dorsal 325 Length of base of dorsal 57 Height of longest spine .13 Height of longest ray 155 Length of base of anal 135 Height of second spine .14 Height of longest ray .22 Length of caudal 205 Width of base of pectoral .11 Length of jiectoral 265 Length of ventral 24 This species is found in great abundance about the island of Santa Cataliua, where eight examples were obtained by the writers. Another was taken at Santa Barbara, where the species is considered rare by the fishermen. It seems to be intermediate between the still rough er- lieaded 8. nigrocinctus, on the one hand, and the smoother 8. fasciatus and 8. mclanops on the other. ON THE OCCUKKEIVCE OV C'EPHAr.O§CVtiIiIUM I^ATHCEPS (DIT- MEKIS.) Ollil,, OTS THE COAST OF CALIFORIVIA. By DAVID S. JORDAIV and CHARLES H. GILBERT. While we were engaged in making collections on the coast of Los Angeles County, CaUfornia, a shark was described to us by a Wilming- ton fisherman ^s having the habit when cailght of filling himself with air "till he was big as a barrel," so that if thrown back in tlie water he wouhl float away on the surfiice, belly upward, etc., exactly after the fashion of the species of Tetrodon. On cross-questioning, the fisherman assured us that the animal was a genuine shark, with the mouth under- neath and many sharp teeth, and that he had frequently taken them near Wilmington. At last one of these animals was brought in to us by a fisherman PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41 named Vicente Leonardo, who took it in a gill-net oli" Santa Catalhia Island. It i)roved to be a species of the genus CcphaloscylUuvi Gill, and apparently identical with the type of the genus {ScijUium laticeps Dumeril). This species has been hitherto recorded, so far as we know, only from Tasmania. The following is a description of our specimen (Xo. , United States National Museum) : Head short and broad, broader than long, and not half as deep as broad ; snout very blunt, not projecting much beyond the mouth ; eyes oblong, small, the spiracles behind them well developed ; no nictitating membrane ] nasal ojienings not confluent, their flaps separated by a broad space, the breadth of which is two-thirds the length of the snout ; nasal flaps conspicuous, without cirrus; mouth very broad, not strongly curved, with only a trace of labial fold at the angle ; skin at the angle of the mouth thin, smooth, pale, and raised into little cross-folds. Teeth similar in both jaws, small, sharp, with a long central cusp and a small basal cusp on each side. About four series of teeth. Teeth 30 + 30 2r+27" First dorsal beginning over middle of ventrals ; second dorsal begin- ning behind front of anal and ending a little before end of anal ; base of pectorals low and horizontal, the last two gill openings above them. Oaudiil fln short. Color dark grayish-brown, with five pairs of dark bars across the back, their form irregular ; the central pair bounded by straight lines and forming a cross-shaped figure ; middle i)art of each fin blackish ; entire surface of body and fins covered with round black spots of different sizes, these larger and less numerous on the belly ; on the sides are also whitish spots, smaller and less numerous than the black ones. This specimen was a female, with the ova nearly ripe. The stomach when received by us was much inflated. The intestines contained num- erous si)ecimens of a small gasteropod shell. Other fishermen about Wilmington tell me that they take this shark occasionally, about two or three times a year, and that when fully inflated it is half as broad as long, a sta'.ement not hard to believe. A fisherman at Santa Barbara, ]\Ir. A. Larco, tells me that he also knows this shark. He has in his possession two egg-cases, with the eggs, which he says were taken from one of this species. These egg- cases are " wheel-barrow shaped," like the egg-cases of rays, and pro- vided with long tendrils. Measurements. Leugtli 37 inch(?s = 1.00 Greatest depth (partly disteuded) 'i'i Greatest width (partly distended) ~5 Length of head I."") Greatest width of head IB Length of snout (from mouth) 04 Length of branchial area 08 42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Width of mouth 14 Diameter of eye OJ Distauce from snout to lirst dorsal G2 Length of base of lirst dorsal 08 Distance between dorsals 09 Length of base of second dorsal 05 Height of second dorsal 0(55 Length of base of anal 0(55 Height of anal 0» Length of caudal 18 Length of pectoral 21 Lenirth of ventral 11 OIV THE OIL.-!^HARK OF SOIJTHERIV CAI.IFORIVIA (OAIiEORHIIVUS GAI.EJJS). By DAVID S. JORDAIV and CHAKILES H. OILBERT. Along the coast of Southern California a large species of shark ap- pears in the spring in great schools. At certain places along the coast, especially about Newport Landing, in the southern i)art of Los Angeles County, the pursuit of this shark becomes a matter of considerable economic importance. They are taken easily with a hook, and sometimes great numbers of them may be surrounded and brought in with a seine. They are valued for their livers and fins. A single liver when the ani- mals first arrive, in March, will yield a gallon of oil. As much as 4,000 gallons of this oil have been procured at Newport in a single season. The fins of this species are sold to the Chinamen, who find them a great delicacy, and pay for them 12J cents a pound. TJie present writers have succeeded in obtaining one of these " oil- sharks," and find the species to be the European tope, Galeorhimis galcns {Galcus canis and tndgaris of authors). It is singular that our only knowledge of the occurrence of this sjiecies on the west coast of America till now has been the indication by Dr. Giinther of the ]ires- euce in the British Museum of " o. Young. San Francisco. From Mr. Gruber's collection." Yet, in the waters of California south of Point Conception it is doubtless more numerous in individuals than all other species of sharks combined. Measurements of an adult male otl-sharlc. Length 63 inches= I. 00 Depth (greatest) . 14 Length ofhead 18 Length of snout (below, from mouth) 075 Length of snout (from eye) 08 Width of mouth 07 Length of spiracle 0075 Diameter of eye 025 Distance from snout to iirst dorsal 33 Length of base of iirst dorsal 073 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43 Height of first dorsal 075 Distance between dorsals 25 Length of second dorsal 045 Height of second dorsal 04 Length of anal 035 Length of caudal 21 Distance from ventrals to pectorals 25 Length of pectorals 15 Length of ventrals 045 the: SUKF-SJIEIiT OF TBIE IVORTHWEST COAST, AIVD TTCSE IflETEaOD OF TAIiarV« TBIEM BV TME QUILILEMIUTE irVUHANS, 'WES'T COAST OF WASSIirVOTOIV TERS:iTORA'. By JAI«E8 G. SIVAN. Neeah Bay, Wash., Septemher 22, 1870. Thirty miles south of Cape Fhittery, at the eutrauce to Fuca Strait, AVashiugtoii Territory, is the Quillehute Eiver, a small stream empty- ing into the Pacific Ocean near some rocky islets, the largest of which, named b}" the Indians "Alikistet," and by the whites "James Island," is a landmark for the entrance to the little bay or cov e, on the shore of which is the principal village of the Quillehute Indians, who collect and dry for winter use a very choice variety of smelt {Rypomcsus oUchis), which I have named the surf-smelt, from its peculiar habit of deposit- ing its spawn among- the shingle of the beach, coming" in with the surf in incredible numbers, and in this respect somewhat resembling the capelin {MaUotus villosus) of ISTew Brunswick. The surf-smelt closely resembles the common smelt in shape, size, and the pecidiar cucumber-odor, but differs in having its belly covered witli a coating of yellow fat, which imparts an oily appearance to water where the fish have been cleaned or washed, and makes them the very perfec- tion of pan-fish. During' the' month of August, 1879, 1 was at the Quillehute Indian vil- lage from the 17th to the 22d, with United States Indian xigent Charles "Willoughby, and had an ample opportunity to witness the habits of the surf-smelt and their capture by the natives. These Indians take them by means of a i)eculiar-shaped hand-net of a parallelogram form at top, five feet long, twenty inches wide, and from four to five feet deep, with a curved handle. The specimen net which I send is made of the fiber of the common stinging nettle ( Jjrtica dioica L.), which grows in luxurious abundance on the northwest coast near Indian villages and deserted camps. A spe- cimen of the prepared fiber is also sent with the net. The method of preparing the nettle by the Quillehute Indians, after gathering a quantity and stripping off the leaves and twigs, is to dry the stalks in the sun or on a frame in the lodge, near, but not directly over, the fire. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF UNIPED STATES NATIONAL MUSELxM. \'\Tieu properly dried, eacli stalk is split open and the shivc or woody part broken by the band and peeled oft' from the outside skin or fiber. This fiber is then spun or twisted into threads or twine, by rolling be- tween the palm of the hand and the bare leg, a process at which the women are very expert. The Indians at present know nothing of the i:)rocess of rotting the plant and breakiug it to get rid of the shivCj or of the process of hack- ling the fiber, and as their method is so slov/ and laborious, they are abandoning the use of the nettle as a textile plant, and nse twine, which they either jiurchase ready made, or manufacture from cotton threads raveled out from flour-sacks and spun by hand, or from jute, which they procure from old gunny-bags which have been thrown away by the whites. I think if they could be taught the process of rotting the nettle and preparing the fiber as the farmers of Kentucky prepare hemp or flax, that they would soon be able to furnish a valuable article of commerce which would pay them well for their labor. The net I send will show the twine made by this most primitive of all methods, and indicate the many purposes for which it may be made available, but in order to be profitable it should be prepared in quan- tities like flax, or hemp, which it greatly resembles. The net stitch or knot for making the mesh was not taught them by white men, but has been known by the coast Indians for ages. Nearly thirty years ago I saw the salmon-nets of the Chiuook Indian^ at the mouth of the Columbia Eiver. The knowledge and use of nets antedates the advent of the first white man, but in the manufacture of the fiber and the twine they seem to have retained the most primitive ideas, and never have advanced. What little twine they now manufact- ure is made exclusively by the old women. The peculiar shape of the net, and the curved handle, are to enable Indians to best use them in the surf. A straight handle could not be used. The surf-smelt are usually most plentiful during the month of Au- gust, and come in such vast number* that the water seems to be filled with them. Captain Carroll, of the steamer Alexander Duncan, plying between the Columbia River and Puget Sound, informed me that, on the 24th of August, while on his passage from Astoria to Neeah Bay, he ran through a school of smelts between Point Grenville and Quillehute which extended nearly forty miles, and at night their track was made visible by a bright phosphorescent light which enmnated liom them. I noticed the same luminous appearance in the surf in Quillehute Cove during each night that I remained there. The smelts come in with the flood tide, and when a wave breaks on the beach they crowd up into the very foam, and as the surf recedes many will be seen flapping on the sand and shingle, but invariably re- turning with the undertow to deeper vrater. rnOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45 All examination sliowed tlie pebbles to be inenistcd with spawn, and as ail the smelts I cooked were males, T concluded that the females had first come in and cast their spawn and were succeeded by the males, who deposited their milt. 1 handled and noticed a great many, and cooked several dozens on two successive days, but did not notice a sin- gle female. This might have been purely accidental, and perhaps at another time the catch would have proved all females. On the first appearance of the fish, the Indians rush into the surf and press the outer edge of the net down firmly on the sand or shingle, the swash of the breaker forcing the smelta into the net. Then, as the water recedes, they turn round quickly and hold the net so that the undertow will force more smelts into it. In this way I sav/ them take at least a bushel at a single scoop. In their immense numbers, these smelts resemble the culachon. {O.smcnis imcljicus) or candle-fish, which are taken in such enormous (piantities at iSI^ass lliver, in British Columbia, near the southern bounil ary of Alaska. After every scoop, the Indian, if successful, empties its contents on the beach, where the squaws and children quickly gather them into baskets, and carry them to the houses, where they are strung on strips of cedar bark and hung uj) to dry. The method of stringing them is to take each one separately and pass a half hitch with the bark around the head Just back of the gills. This keeps each fish separate, and enables them to dry better. The Quiliehutes still retain the ancient superstition, formerly so prev- alent among the coast tribes, relative to their fish, that the first ones must not be sold or given away to be taken to another place, nor must they be cut transversely, but split open with a muscle-shell. I was fortunate in obtaining quarters in the house of an Indian who had a cooking-stove, where we cooked our rations as suited us. One of the Indians of our party obtained some smelts, which he boiled for sup- per, cooking them in the Qnillehnte stylo ; he gave me some, which I fried. No sooner did the Quiliehutes learn that I was cooking some of their fish than two of the head chiefs, Howcattl and Klakistokar, came to see what I was doing, as they feared I would cut the fish with a knife; but I fried them whole, and when they saw me take the nice crispy smelts with my hand and eat them entire, without aid of knife or fork, they grunted forth their satisfaction, and allowed me to purchase as many as I wished to take away. But of salmon they would neither give or sell. The fall run of the SaJmo cam's and Sahno proteus had just commenced to come, and while they gave us all we could eat of their own cooking, in their own houses, they refused to sell or give a single fish to l)e taken away. They fully believed that if we took any salmon into our canoe, all the salmon would desert the Quillehute Eiver and follow us to Xeeah Bay, and if we had cut the smelts or salmon with a knife, they all would inuuediately disappear in the ocean and never return. 4G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. I was unable to procure even a specimen of tlie salmon, but obtained euougli smelts to forward some excellent specimens to Washington. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES G. SWAK. Prof. Spencer F. Bated, United States Commissioner Fish and Fisheries, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. P. S.—I omitted to mention tbat the surfsmelt are common in all the salt water of Paget Sound, but I have not heard of an instance where they run up fresh-water streafts to spawn, like the eastern smelt. J. G. S. %'OTS: ON Xnx: OCCUKREIVCE of PSSOWUCTUS C^IOAIVTE IJ!°$ IIV CAIi- IFORi'VIA. By C. A. T^^MITE. Among a small collection of fossils sent to the ]S"atioual Museum by j\Ir. Ludwig Kumlien, of the United States Fish Commission, from the valley of McCloud River, Shasta County, California, are three or four large ex- amples of Productus, which I am unable to distinguish from P. giganteus Martin sp., the well-known type species of the genus as it is extensively known hi European strata. They are preserved in a hard, dark-colored, argillaceous rock, which is iiartly metamorphosed, and they are, there- fore, somewhat imperfect; but portions of them show the characteristics of the species very plainly. The largest of these Californian examples was, when perfect, quite equal in size to the larger European examples of i*. giganteus, having had a transverse diameter near the hinge of not less than 140 millimeters, or o.J inches. A small collection of fossils was sent by mail from the same locality in 1S77 by Mr. Livingston Stone, the species of which w^ere recognized as of Carboniferous age, but P. giganteus was not among them, although the later collections indicate that they occur iu the same strata. These associated forms of both collections are too imperfectly preserved for specific determination, but the genera Fcnestella, Streptorhynchus, Spiri- gera Camaro])horia, Allorisma, and Euomphalus are more or less satis- factorily recognized. They all together plainly indicate tho Carbonif- erous age of the strata from which they come, which fact was also previously known through the reports of Trask and Whitney. This, so far as I am aware, is the first discovery of P. giganteus in American strata. It is not a little remarkable that it should be found in the western portion of the continent and not in the middle and east- ern portions, where the Carboniferous system is so well developed, and where several European species of Carboniferous brachiojioda are recog- nized. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITi:D STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47 Fig. 1, on Plate , represents one of the examples referred to, tlie principal portion of the figure showing a natural cast of the dorsal valve, with the umbonal portion of the ventral valve. In this figure the full length of the shell from back to front is not shown, but it is represented in the accompanying diagram, Fig. 2. WASHiNGrTON, D. C, December 3, 1879. note: on acrothejlc:. By C. A. IVHITE. Among the fossils collected from Primordial strata at Antelope Sprang, Southern Utah, by Mr. G. K. Gilbert and Mr. E. E. Howell, who were then connected with the explorations and surveys west of the 100th meridian, were a number of examples of a discinoid brachiopod. This form I described and figuea* under the name of Acrotretnf suhsidua, referring it to that genus provisionally. None of the examples were in a condition to show all the generic characters clearly, but certain fea- tures in these shells indicated their possession of important differences from any genus then established and led me to suggest that they prob- ably represented a new generic type. In the same year, 187G, Prof. G. Linnarsson, of Stockholm, Sweden, i^ublishedt a new generic form from the Primordial rocks of Sweden, under the name of AcrotlieJe^ which Ijlainly includes Acrotreta f subsidiia White. Professor Linnarsson des cribed two Swedish si)ecics under this generic name {A. coriacea and A. granulata), and in 1879 he published a third species under the name of A. mtermedia^X but A. sulmdua is at present the only known Ameiican species. It is not unlikely, however, that some of the American species heretofore referred to Discina will be found to belong to Acrothele. Washington, D. C, February 1, 1880. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CRETACEOUS PINNA FROM NEW MEXICO. By C. A. WHITE. Pinna stevensoni. Shell large, elongate-triangular in marginal outline; valves moder- ately convex; the convexity being slight and nearly uniform poste- riorly, but much greater toward the front, where it amounts to an obtuse median angularity upon each valve, and wheie a transverse section of the shell has an approximately regular rhombic outline; upper border * Expl. and Sur. West of the lOOMi Merid., Vol. IV, p. 34, pi. I, fig. 3, a, b, c, aud d. t BihaDg till k. Svenska Vet. Akad Handlingar, Baud 3, No. 12, p. )iO, pi. IV, figs. 44-52. tSveriges Geologiska Undersokuiug; Ser. C. Afhaud. och Upps. No. 35, p. 25, pi. iii, figs. 40-44. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Straight or nearly so ; lower border slightly convex and longer than the upper border; posterior border nearly straight or slightly convex, trun- cating the shell obliquely downward and backward, meeting the upper b;)rder at a more or less distinct obtuse angle and the lower border by an abrupt curve. Surfiice marked by abundant coarse lines and imbri- cations of growth, which traverse the shell in slightly curved lines corre- sponding with the posterior border, and is apparently without trace of any radiating lines or ribs. Entire length from beak to postero-basal extremity about 215 milli- meters ; breadth, from the postero-dorsal extremity to the base, meas- ured at right angles Avith the upj^er border, 95 millimeters. This ehell is so unlike aay described American species that no detailed comparison with any of them is necessary ; but it is so closely related to F. legeriensis d'Orbigny, from the dejiartment of Sarthe, France, that it is not without some hesitation that I have decided to i)ropose a sepa- r;!te specific name. 1 have never had an opportunity to examine any of the few examples of P. legeriensis that have teen discovered, and my comparisons are therefore only with the descrii)tion and figures of d'Orbigny, in Pal. Frangaise, Vol. Ill, p. 257, pi. 334. From these it appears that our shell differs from P. legeriensis in the following x)articu- lars. The angle of divergence of the upper and lower margins is not so great, in consequence of which the breadth of the shell is not propor- tionally so great ; the curve by which the posterior border meets the lower border is more abrupt, and the greatest transverse diameter of the shell is near the median line instead of being much below it, as it is rep- resented to be in P. legeriensis. The internal median grooves upon each valve, and also the undulations of the lower border, mentioned by d'Or- bigny, appear to be entirely wanting in our shell. Position and locality.—Cretaceous strata ; about 1J miles southwest- ward from Fort Wingate, Northern New Mexico, where it was collected by Mr. James Stevenson^ in whose honor the specific name is given. Washington, D. C, February 15, 1880. NOTE OIV THE OCCURBEIVCE OF STBl€Ifct,AIVI>S]\IA SAI.TERS AND S. I>AVni!>S»I\5 IIV <~,iJE:OISOSA. By C. A. WC3ITE. A few months ago Lieut. A. W. Vogdes, United States Army, gave me a few fragmentary fossils from a collection which he had then lately made at Taylor's Ridge, in the town of Ringgold, Catoosa County, Georgia. Tlie other fossils of this collection and the geology of the region referred to were discussed by Lieutenant Vogdes in the Decem- ber, 1879, number of the American Journal of Science and Arts, pp. 475-477. He there refers, and doubtless correctly, the horizon from which he obtained the fossils he gave me to that of the Clinton Group PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49 of New York. They are in the condition of natural casts in fine-grained sandstone, but I have quite satisfactorily identified a dorsal valve of StricJclandinia salteri and one of B. davidsoni Billings. If these two spe- cies are correctly identified, as they appear to be, their discovery in Georgia is especially interesting, because they have hitherto been found only in strata of the island of Anticosti ; and also of the indication which they and their associates in the two regions named afford as to the equivalency of the Georgia, Clinton, Anticosti strata in America; and Upper Llandovery strata of Great Britain. Washington, D. C., February 15, 1880. I>ESCEIE*TION OF A IVE"W FIjOUIVUER (PILEUUOIVICBITHYS VEBTI- CAl^IS), FB©M TEJE COAST ©E CAILIFOKNIA, AVITM NOTES OIV OTJaEK SIPECflES. By ©AVI© S. JOKDATV aiiad CIIAB1,ES H. GIIiBERT> Pleuronichthys verticalis sj). nov. Form broad ovate, the outlines regular; head small, somewhat con- stricted behind the upper eye; eyes large, but smaller than in P. qnadrituhcrculatus. luterorbital ridge narrow; a small tubercle or prominence in front of the upper eye; a large one in front of upper edge of lower; another larger and sharper at interior edge of the in- terocular space ; another at the posterior edge of the interocular spine ridge. This latter is developed into a long, sharp, triangular spine, which is nearly as long as the pupil, and is directed backwards. A prominent tubercle at the posterior lower angle of the upper eye. Upper edge of opercle somewhat uneven, but no other tubercles present. IMouth small, as in other species; the lips thick, with lengthwise plicae Teeth in a broad band on the left (blind) side of each jaw ; no teeth on the right side in either jaw. Gill-rakers very small, weak, and flex- ible, about ten in number. Scales essentially as in the other species, small, cycloid, imbedded, and scarcely imbricated. Lateral line nearly straight, with an accessory branch which extends to the middle of the dorsal fin. Dorsal fin beginning on the blind side at the level of the premaxillary, there being but about four of its rays on the left side of the median line. Vertical fins less elevated than in the other species, the longest rays of the dorsal about half the length of the head. Anal fin preceded by a spine. Caudal peduncle short and deep. Caudal fin elongate, rounded behind. Pectoral short, nearly equal. Yentrals moderate, reaching anal spine. Fin rays : D. G5 ; A. 45. Color dark olive-brown, Avith round grayish spots, the body and fins mottled with blackish. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 4 jTIay 6, 1 8 80. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tbe type, No. -, Uuited States National Museum, was taken in a trawl-net outside of the Golden Gate, and was procured by us in the San Francisco market. There are apparently three species of the genus Pleuroniclithys, as restricted by Gill, in the waters of California. One of these is the common species in the San Francisco markets at present, being taken in some abundance in the trawl-nets off Point Eeyes and the Farallones. This species is the Pleuronichthi/s coenosus of Lockington's Memoir (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 97), and, as Lockiugton suggests, it is probably identical with the Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus of Pallas. For this form we accept provisionally the name quadrituberculatus. A second species occurs farther south, two specimens having been procured by us at Santa Catilina Island, and one at San Luis Obispo. This form answers better than the ])receding to Girard's description of his Pleuronichthys coenosus, and it may for the present be identified with it. The specimen noticed by Lockington as " No. 4," " with the dorsal not continued downward nearly so far as the others," perhaps belongs to this species. The third species is P. verticalis, described above. The species may be readilj' sepai'ated, so far as we have observed, by the following characters : •Dorsal fin begiuuing on the level of the lower lip, about ten of its anterior rays being on the left side ; ocular region with four or more blunt prominences or tubercles, arranged as follows: one in front of upper eye, another at each end of the interorbital ridge, the posterior largest, but not spine-like, one behind the latter, and one or two more behind the upper eye ; upper part of opercle uneven; lower jaws with a band of teeth on the right side similar to that on the left side, but narrower; fins high, D. 72, A. 46 Quadrituberculatus. * * Dorsal fins beginning on the level of the ui)j)er lip, only four or five of its rays being on the left side of the median line. t Posterior prominence of interocular ridge developed as a strong backward- directed spine ; tubercular prominences present about the upper eye ; no teeth on right side of lower jaw ; fins rather low, D. 65, A. 45 Verticalis. tt Posterior prominence of interocular ridge scarcely elevated ; other dcular tuber- cles obsolete; teeth ?; fins high, D. 68, A. 48 Ccenosus. Measurements. Verticalis. QitadriUiberculatui. Kxtreme length, in inches Length to base of caudal, in inches= 1.00 1^0(1 J', f^reatent depth Body, least depth of tail Head, length Head, diameter of orbit Dorsal, distance from first ray to median line Dorsal, greatest height Anal, greatest height Caudal, length I'cctoral, length Ventral, length 9.20 7. 50= 1.00 .54 .U .24 .07 .055 .13 .13 .255 .135 .11 11.85 9. 20= 1. 00 .62 .13 .28 .083 .11 .19 .18 .28 .18 .11 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51 A second exanijile of Xystrcurys liolcpis, taken at Santa Barbara, is sinistral. The species is, therefore, like FaraUchthys maculosus and riatklithys stellatus, both dextral and sinistral. In the second example the small accessory scales are extremely numerous. Two more examples of the species, noticed by us as Platysomatichthys stomias, have been obtained in trawl-nets from near the Farallones. This species is apparently not conj^^eneric with Platysomatichthys liippo- glossoiiles, differing in the long and slender gill-rakers and the ctenoid scales, as well as in the dentition, narrow interorbital space, and other minor details. The large teeth in both jaws, and the small teeth in the outer row in the ui^ijer jaw, are distinctly arroiv-shaped, being abruptly widened toward the tip, thence acutely triangular. We propose to consider this species as the type of a distinct genus, which may be termed AtherestheSy from the arrow-shaped teeth. It may be thus defined : Atheresthes geu. nov. Eyes and color on the right side. Body long and slender, closely compressed, tapering into a long and slender caudal peduncle. Mouth extremely large, oblique, the long and narrow maxillary extending beyond the eye. Both jaws with two irregular series of unequal, sharp teeth, which are anteriorly long and slender, posteriorly short. All the long teeth of both jaws, and the outer series of small teeth in the upper jaw, arrow-shaped. Some of the anterior teeth freely depressible. In- terorbital space narrow. Gill-rakers long and strong, numerous. Scales comparatively large, ciliated, thin, and readily deciduous, those on the blind side similar, smooth. Lateral line without arch. Fins low and rather fragile, the dorsal beginning over the eye, its anterior rays low. Caudal lunate ; no anal spine. Pectorals and ventrals small, the latter both lateral. Type, Platysomatichthys stomias Jor. & Gilb. IVOTES ON SHARKS FROi^I THE COAST OF €AL,IFORIVIA By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHAS. II. OILBSRT. The following species of sharks, not hitherto recorded from the Pacific coast of the United States, have been observed by the writers during the present winter (1880) : 1. Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque. (?) The jaws of a species of Isurus were obtained by us at San Pedro, the shark having be6n taken off Santa Catilina Island. The teeth agree essentially with those of Isurus oxyrhynchtis {Lamna spallanzani of authors). Isurus glaucus has, however, also the same dentition, hence we are unable exactly to determine the species. \ 52 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2. Carcharodon rondeleti Miiller & Kenle.—Man-eater Shark. A large individual of this species was lately harpooned at the whaling station of Point Carmelo, near Monterey. Its jaws, now in the posses- sion of Mr. A. C. Keating, a druggist at Monterey, are about two feet across. Schools of this species are said to be occasionally noticed in the open sea from Monterey southward. 3. Cetorhinus maximus (Linnajus) Blamville.—Basking Shark; Ground Shark. An individual of this species, 31 feet in length, was taken March 25 by the whalers at Monterey, and another somewhat larger on March 26. Several others were noticed, but only two were secured. We are told that eighteen or twenty years ago several of them were taken at Monterey, since which time few or none have been noticed in the bay. 4. Carcharhinus glaucus (L.) Blamville. — Blue Shark. A young individual of this species, taken in San Francisco Bay, is in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences. A " Blue Shark " is found in the open sea along the southern coast of California, but I do not know whether it is this species. 5. Galeorhinus galeus (Li.) Bl.iiuville. As already noticed, this species is the most abundant shark of South- ern California. It is common at Santa Barbara, and I am told is not unfrequently taken at Monterey. 6. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle. — Man-eater Shaj-k. As already noticed by us, jaws of an individual of this species were seen by us at San Diego, near which place the animal was obtained. 7. Ceplialoscyllium laticeps (Dum^ril) Gill. — Ground Shai-k. The occurrence of this species at San Pedro has been already noticed by us. At Santa Barbara it is, next to Triads semifasciatus, the most abundant of the sharks. It is there taken daily in the lobster-pots set for the " craw-fish " {Palinurus interruptus). Its habit of inflating itself, when caught, by swallowing air, is very remarkable. 8. Pleuracromylon laevis (Eisso) Gill. Two specimens of this si)ecies have been obtained by us at Monterey. One of them, a female, taken March 2C, had the young about 8 inches long, each of them connected by a long umbilical cord to a placenta which is attached to the uterus. The occurrence of this shark, in con- nection with its relative, Mustelus hinmdus {vulgaris, canis, etc.), on the Pacific coast, is very interesting. March 26, 1880. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 ON THE GENEKIC RELATIONS OF PliATTKHBNA EXASPERATA. By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARLES II. GILBERT. A short time siuce a small ray was described by the present writers, from San Die.c^o, under the name of Platyrhina exas])erata. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1880, .) Soon after a second species was described by ns, from Santa Barbara, as PlatyrJiina triseriata. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, .) The two species are certainly not congeneric. The former species has the skin above covered with stellated prickles of difierent sizes, and re- sembles the genus Eaia. The latter is covered over by a uniform line shagreen, and resembles the species of syrrMna and rliinohatus. So far as we can ascertain from the description given by Dumdril and Giinther of Platyrhina sinensis and Platyrhina schcenleini, these two species agree with Platyrhina triseriata in the character of the dermal covering, as well as in form of body. We propose therefore to consider Platyrhina exas- perata as the type of a distinct genus, Zapteryx, distinguished from Pla- tyrhina by the presence of detached, unequal, stellated prickles on the skin above, instead of the uniform shagreen covering found in Platyrhina, and from Eaiahj the convex outline of the ventrals and by the greater development of the dorsal and caudal fins. In Baia the ventrals are always emarginate. March 26, 1880. RE^TIARKS ON THE SPECIES OF THE OENUS CHIRITS FOUND IN SAN FRANCISCO MARKET, INCEIJHING ONE HITHERTO UNDE- SCRIBEO. By W. W. tOCKINGTOX. Four species of the genus Chirus occur in the markets of this city. The two most abundant of these are C. constellatus and C. guttatiis Grd. Of the others, one is C. pictus Grd., while the other has until now remained undescribed. C. pictus is separated from the others by some sufficiently obvious external characters, beside those of color, as will be evident from the subsequent remarks, but the writer is unable to find any constant char- acter except that of the coloration by which to distinguish the other three species. As, however, he has now seen several hundred examj)les of C. guttatus and C. constellatus, and a large number of both the other species, and as, notwithstanding the considerable variation in the size, number, and position of the marking of each species, neither on any occasion shows the slightest tendency to approach the pattern of another, he submits that in this group the pattern of the coloration may be considered specific. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Difficult though it may be to prove upou piiper the distinctness of these forms, there do not exist on this coast any other four species be- longing to one group which can be so unerringly separated by the eye. Diagnosis. Sides with purple blotches; pectorals barred. C.picim, lenscth. Suborbital stay scaleless; di- ameter of orbit about roTj of total length. r I I round spots surroundiuj^ areas | I of lighter color thau the general '> C. consteUatus. I ground ; pectorals sharply spot- 1 Suborbital stay scaly ; diam- | ted. J eter of orbit about you of total ^ Sides with irregularly scat- i tered circular or subcircular ^ C. guttatus. spots ; pectorals nearly i)lain. j Sides with irregularly shaped ) blolches, disposed in live or six ^ C. maculo-sei'iatus ^longitudinal series. ) C. pictus. This form is more inconstant in the number of its tin-rays and in the coloration than any of the others. Six specimens now before me vary as follows in the rays of the dorsal and anal: No. 1. Locality, San Francisco market D. No. 2. Locality, San Francisco market D. No. 3. Locality, San Francisco market D. No. 4. Locality, Kadiak Island, Alaska D. No. 5. Locality, San Francisco market D. No. 6. Locahty, Kadiak Island, Alaska D. XV III, ./a The color of all the species changes rapidly on exposure to air or im- mersion in alcohol. No. 2, when fresh, was of a brilliant green upon the belly and lower part of the flanks, deepening into brown above, and blotched with bright purple. After exposure, the ground tint becomes first reddish, and finally dull purplish brown, while the purple blotches gradually fade into dirty white. The dorsal and anal are blotched like the body, and the pectorals barred with the same tints. In all the examples examined, the ventrals are shorter than the pec- torals, and fall considerably short of the vent ; and the lowest pair of lateral lines unite much nearer to the ventrals than to the vent. I can perceive no constant diflerence between specimens from Alaska and those found in our market. The most ordinary number of rays in tjie first dorsal appears to be nineteen. No. 1 differs from all the others in the total absence of brighter blotches upon the sides, but the pectorals are barred, and all other characters coincide. XX, ^ XXI, ,\ XXI,^ XIX, ^ XIX, ,v A. 21 A. 22 A. 21 A. 21 A. 21 A. 24 Chirus consteUatus. First dorsal, in all the individuals examined, with twenty-one rays, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 and veutrals overpassing pectorals and reaching nearly or quite to the vent. Lowest lateral line iisiially forking about midwaj' between ventrals and vent. Pectoral spotted all over with light and dark spots. Common in the bay of San Francisco. Chirus guttatus. First dorsal with twenty or twenty-one rays, ventrals and pectorals usually about even i)osteriorly and scarcely reaching to the vent ; posi- tion of the fork of the lowest lateral line somewhat variable. Spots on sides bright orange when fresh, but becoming dark on ex- posure to air or alcohol. ChixTis maculo-seriatus nov. sp. D. XXI, ij ; A. 22-23 ; P. 19; V. -^ ; C. (principal rays) 15; L. lat. 110. Body elongate, compressed, the greatest height about one-fifth of the length (caudal included) ; greatest thickness, at opercles, about three- fourths of the greatest height; depth of caudal peduncle about I'j of the greatest depth; head about one-fourth of total length. Dorsal outline rising at an angle of about 20°, with a slight curve to the origin of the dorsal, or to about its fifth ray, whence it descends gradually in a straight line to the caudal i^eduncle, which is wedge- shaped, increasing in width towards base of tail. Abdominal outline descending slowly to the scapular girdle, thence nearly level to anal ; anal base sloping upwards with a slight curve. Snout longer than orbit; iuterocular width slightly less than length of orbit; forehead slightly curved transversely, summit of ascending liremaxillary processes rising slightly above the profile of the snout. Anterior nostril with the edges raised into a short tube. Eyes lateral, elliptical ; a fimbriated flap over the orbit. Jaws subequal, the ui^ijer slightly projecting; posterior extremity of maxillary reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit, that of mandible below the center of the pupil. Cardiff>rm teeth in both jaws, in several rows in front, diminishing to a single series at the sides, the outer row larger than the others ; a patch of similar teeth upon the vomer, and occasionally a few on the anterior part of the palatines, a character which certainly cannot be of generic value in this group. Branchiostegals six ; gill-openings continuous be- low, no isthmus ; gill-rakers obsolescent, transverse. Dorsal arising above the flap of the opercle, slightly in front of the pectoral base, deeply notched ; the first dorsal strongly arched on its upper margin ; the first ray much shorter than the second ; the other rays increasing in height to about the fourth, thence diminishing to the twentieth, which is considerably shorter than the unarticulated ray at the commencement of the second portion of the dorsal. Second dorsal lower than the first, the rays increasing to about the 56 PEOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fourth; upper margin straight, slightly diminishiug in height to the nineteenth ray, four last rays diminishing rapidly. Anal commencing even with the second dorsal, and coterminous and similar to it ; rays increasii*g to the third ; last ray short. Caudal slightly emarginate on posterior margin, with numerous acces- sory rays running some distance up the j)rofile of the caudal peduncle; principal rays twice bifurcate. Vent somewhat in advance of the anal. Pectorals rounded, central rays longest, their tix)S about even with the nineteenth dorsal spine ; rays simple ; base vertical. Ventrals inserted well behind the pectorals, beneath the sixth dorsal spine; second ray longest, its tip slightly overpassing the vent; three longest rays overpassing the pectoral. Lateral lines tive on each side, two above and two below the principal line. The uppermost on each side commence close together on the occiput, run along the dorsal base outside the first row of scales, and end at the fourteenth ray of the soft dorsal. The second commences on the occiput, and is continued to the base ot the uppermost principal caudal ray. The third commences on the scapular region, runs parallel with the dorsal outline till it becomes median upon the caudal peduncle, and is con- tinued some distance uj)on the caudal. The fourth commences slightly in front of the pectoral base, and con- tinues i^arallel to the abdominal outhne to opposite the seventeenth anal ray. The fifth pair are united into a median abdominal line at a point about half way between the vent and the axil of the ventrals ; anterior to this point the single line runs forward to the pectoral girdle ; posterior to it each division runs parallel with the anal base, and ends at the base of the lowest principal caudal ray. Scales ctenoid, rather larger on the anterior portion of the body than on the jDosterior; the ciliation obsolete on the scales of the side of the head. Suborbital stay squamose. Snout, preorbital, and interoperculum scaleless. Membrane between caudal rays scaly. Pectoral base scaly ; some small scales at base of rays of first dorsal ; second dorsal with small scales between the rays for about half its height. Anal scaleless. Color, in alcohol, brown, blotched with yellowish blotches in longi- tudinal series. This hitherto undescribed species is tolerably common in the markets of San Francisco at some seasons of the year. When fresh, the series of blotches along the sides are bright orange and bright maroon. A type si)ecimen is in the National Museum. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57 Table of measurements. Current number of specimen No. 1. Locality San Francisco. ^0.2. San Francisco. Incbcs : lOOtha and I of iOOths. length. Inches and IOOths. IOOths of lonsth, including caudal. Extreme length Body : Greatest height Greatest width Ilcitjlit at ventrals Least height of caudal peduncle Head Greatest length Distance flom snout to napo AVitltli of intoiorbital area Length of snout Length of maxillary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal {spinous) : Distance from snout Length of base Greatest height Height at first spine Dorsal (soft) : Length of base Height at longest ray Anal Distance from tip of lower jaw Length of base Height at longest ray Caudal t Length of middle rays Length of external rays Pectoial : Distance from snout Length Ventral : Distance from tip of lower jaw Length Branchiostegals Dorsal Anal ('audal, principal rays Pectoral Ventral Number of scales in lateral line to base of caudal . . . Number of transverse rows above lateral.line 13.35 2.73 1.99 2.62 1.03 58 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. UESCRIPTIOX OF A IVEW^ FISH FR03I ALASKA (VRANIDEA ITIECROS. TOjfIA). By W. ]V. LOCKIWGTOW. Uranidea microstoma. Body loug aud low, little coinpressed. Head depressed, rather small, wider than deep ; anterior portion of body about equal in width and depth, somewhat llattened on back near head, and gradually becoming more and more compressed posteriorly. Dorsal outline regularly arched, its highest point at origin of first dorsal ; abdominal outline nearly straight in some examples. Head about 4f to 4^; breadth of same 5J to 4i times in the total length ; orbit about 5, snout 4 to 3J times in the length of the head. Eyes directed upwards, elliptical, the orbits not elevated above the general surtiice ; interorbital width nearly equal to the transverse diam- eter of the orbit. Mouth short, small compared with others of the genus ; posterior extremity of maxillary a little beyond the front margin of the orbit; ui)i)er margin of maxillary hidden behind the preorbital in the closed mouth, except the short, broad, posterior extremity, which is free. Lower jaw shorter than the upper, and closing within it. A broad band of villiform teeth in front of both jaws. Teeth on vomer, none on palatines. Snbopercular spine much developed, directed forwards; preoper- culum ending in a single sharp, straight spine ; branchiostegals 5. First dorsal commencing a little behind the pectoral base, low, the upper margin nearly straight ; height less than that of second dorsal, the rays nearly equal in length. Second dorsal commencing above the vent, first ray shorter than the second ; upper margin a straight line, the height of the fin diminishing regularly but slowly posteriorly. Anal shorter than second dorsal, commencing opposite the third and ending opposite the seventeentli ray of that fin ; anteriorly rounded, the rays increasing to the fourth, thence somewhat diminishing poste- riorly ; depth greater than the height of the second dorsal. Pectoral wedge-shaped, seventh ray longest ; rays fleshy, simple ; tip of seventh ray reaching about to the vent. Ventrals inserted a little behind insertion of pectorals, the tips not reaching the vent, consisting of one spine and four rays ; second, third, and fourth rays longest. Caudal slightly convex on its posterior margin when expanded ; the rays twice bifurcate, first bifurcation at about a third of their length from the base. Vent not separated from the anal fin by any considerable space ; rays simple. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUIVI. 59 Lateral line deflected downwards suddenly at posterior extremity of second dorsal, thence posteriorly along center of caudal peduncle, and anteriorly parallel to dorsal outline ; pores simple, 35-37. Body scaleless, entirely smooth. Color olivaceous above, lighter below ; upper portion maculated with darker; fins with small dark spots on the membrane; a dark band across caudal. Two specimens (Nos. 1 and 3) from fresh w\ater, near Saint Paul's, Kodiak, collected by W. J. Fisher. In No. 1 the dorsals are separated by a considerable space ; in No. 3 by a smaller^ space. One of these is in the United States National Museum, numbered — . Numerous specimens from the Aleutian Islands, collected by Captain Greenebaum, present no difference except in the more or less complete union of the dorsals, and their smaller size. The latter are probably half grown. As the fin-rays and other characters agree closely, I am inclined to think the separation of the dorsals either an individual character, or one due to greater age. Mr. Fisher's examples were obtained in fresh-water lakes formed by the melting snows, and communicating with the ocean only by shallow outlets. This species differs from those of the genus found in the United States by its smaller mouth, lower fins, and the. four soft rays in the ventrals. In all these respects it resembles the European Ura- nidea gohio. Dimensions. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Total length Greatest depth Depth of caudal peduncle • Length of head Width of head Longitudinal diameter of orhit Length of snout ... • Tip of snout, along top of head, to origin of first dorsal Length of base of first dorsal Length of base of second dorsal Tip of snout to insertion of ventrals Length of ventrals Length of p(ct;ii-als Tip of lower j aw, along abdomen, to origin of anal Length of anal base Number of dorsal rays Number of anal rays Number of pectoral rays Number of caudal rays 4.87 .85 .29 1.06 .94 .21 .30 L30 .75 1. C2 1.12 .73 1.00 2.36 1.28 8-19 14 14 5-10-2 3.38 GO PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. l)ESCRIB»TffO:V OF A IVKW SPECHES OF AGOIVIBJjE (BRACHIVOPSIS VERKUC'OSUS), FKOM TEIE COAST OF CALIFOKIVIA. By W, IX. ILOCMIRJGTOJV. Brachyopsis verrucosus. D. VII-IX, 7-8. A. 10-11. P. 14-15. V. 1-3. C. 2-10, 2. Lateral scutes, 34-3G. Form elongated, slender, lateral dorsal outline rising very gradually from the snout to abo\ti the base of the pectoral ; central part of the upper orbital margin elevated above the line of the forehead and occi- put, as is also the tip of the lower jaw and front portion of the snout, so that there is a not very conspicuous depression in front of the eye. From the highest point the dorsal outline descends gradually to the elongated and narrow caudal peduncle. Abdominal outline from posterior extremity of mandible to caudal peduncle straight. Greatest height about 11 ; greatest width 7-7^ ; length of head 4^-4^ times in total length to tip of caudal (mouth closed); greatest depth about 1^ in greatest width ; depth of caudal peduncle about 3| times in the greatest depth. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting considerably beyond the upper, its tip entering into the dorsal outline, and its posterior extremity reaching to a vertical from the anterior margin of the pupil. Mandible half or nearly half the length of the head. Maxillary short, broad posteriorly, and set at a more oblique angle than the mandible, below which the lower angle of its posterior margin projects when the mouth is closed, while the entire length of its upper margin is hidden beneath the preorbital in the closed mouth ; a short and slender barbel at its i^osterior extremity. Entire length of upper jaw less than ^ that of head. Teeth uniform in both jaws, villiform, very small, in a band which is widest in front, but divided in the center. A patch of similar but even finer teeth (perceptible to the touch, but scarcely to the eye) on vomer, and another on each i^alatine. Eyes directed laterally and somewhat upwards, oval, their longi- tudinal diameter a little less than the length of the snout, and about 4^4^ in the length of the side of the head; interorbital area sunken, its width about 5 times in the length of the head. Snout a little longer than the longitudinal diameter of the eye ; two short backward-directed spines on its summit, slightly posterior to the line of the tubes of the nostrils. Preorbital large, with several small spines on its lower margin. Supraorbital margin set with small spines, and rising in its posterior portion to a spinulose crest. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 Lower orbital margin prominent, a pair of spines at its posterior extremity, the binder the larger. Preopercuhim with a spinulosc longitndinal ridge, ending in a back- ward-directed spine; a second smaller spine below this, at angle; lower limb with two flat angular ijrojcctions. Operculum striate, Avitli a ridge, ending in a spine, on its upper part. Occipital and lateral ridges of upper surface of head prominent, spinulose or denticulated above, but without si^ines; lateral ridges each formed of three shorter ridges; no i^it on occiput. Gill-membranes continuous below, without isthmus ; branchiostegals five, large. Pectoral very long, boldly rounded on its posterior and lower mar- gins, broad ; the upper rays slightly increasing to about the sixth, the five lowest decreasing rapidly. Tips of the longest rays reaching nearly to or beyond the sixth dorsal ray, or to the back of the thir- teenth or fourteenth dorsal scute. Longest rays about equal in length to the head. Eays simple, base slightly oblique. Ventrals inserted on the plane of the upper jiectoral axil, longer than the pectorals, their greatest length about 4 times in the total length, and consisting of a spine and two rays, the spine attached to the first ray, which is of considerable length, but shorter than the second, the tip of which extends beyond the second anal ray. Membrane between the two rays broad ; the second ray fringed with a membrane along its in- ternal margin. First dorsal commencing at about the eighth dorsal scute and termin- ating at the sixteenth. First spine shorter than the second, the next five about equal in length, the remainder diminishing rapidly. Height of the longest spines somewhat exceeeding the depth of the body below the fin. Second dorsal about equal in height and similar in form to the first, arising at about the nineteenth dorsal scute, and terminating at or near the twenty-seventh. First ray shorter than the second, the next four nearly equal, the remainder falling rapidly. Anal commencing directly below the last ray of the first dorsal, and coterminous with the second dorsal, its lower margin nearly straight, and its depth rather less than the height of the second dorsals. The last rays of the dorsals and anal are joined to the body by mem- brane. Posterior margin of caudal convex ; accessory rays few. Dorsal scutes 35-3G, the two series approaching and uniting a little behind the second dorsal; about seven scutes between the point of junction and the caudal. Each scute produced posteriorly into a large spine bent backwards, and frequently denticulated upon its anterior or outer edge. Behind the point of junction of the two dorsal rows the spines are in closely coupled pairs. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Lateral scries of scutes each consisting of 34-36 plates, each armed with a spine similar to those above described. Ventral series containing 29-31 i)lates, the last three or fonr single, the remainder forming a double series similar to the dorsal scries, but with less conspicuous spines. The ventral series commences at the axils of the ventral tins, and the lower surface between these fins and the gill-oi^enings is occupied by several large, separate, subcircular, strongly striated scales or plates, those running along the margin of the gill-openings placed closer to- gether, and forming a series of about seven. About seven pairs of subcircular scales, not striated, or oidy slightly striated, are scattered along the acutelj" triangular space behind the ventrals, between the two ventral series of scutes, which do not fairly meet each other anterior to the anal fin. An elongate naked area be- hind the pectorals, separating the lower lateral from the ventral series. Some small scales in the space between the mandibles, and a series of small, elevated, and sharp-pointed scales along the curve of the pectoral base. Vent not far behind the base of the ventrals. The center of the interocular space, the area between the occipital ridges, some sjiaces on the lateral aspect of the head between the more prominent parts of the bones, and the areas between the large scales in front of the ventral are set with numerous prickles, a few of '\Ahich also occur in the intermandibular area. Similar prickles are numerous on the anterior portion of the trunk, occupying the spaces between the parallel dorsal and upper lateral series of scutes ; those of the upper surface end at the first dorsal, those of the upper lateral surfaces at the posterior extremity of the same fin. Behind these points the scuta of these surfaces closely interlock. Lateral line continuous ; a pore between each pair of scutes ; pores simple. Color.—After exposure to alcohol, the upper and lateral surfaces of the body are banded alternately with dull yellowish and olivaceous brown; pectorals whitish on their basal portion, a dark spot on the upper and another on the lower edge excepted, and dark on their terminal part, the margin of the dark color running obliquely from the center of the first to the tip of the eleventh ray. Ventrals with a large black spot on the membrane inside the first ray, and two small spots near the tip of the membrane. Abdomen yellowish white. When somewhat fresher, the dirty yellowish tint of the ventrals was bright orange yellow, and the black of that fin was more positive, so that it is probable that in life the colors of the whole body were much brighter than they are now. The total length of the specimens examined, from tip of lower jaw (mouth closed) to tip of caudal, varied from 5.C8 inches to C.C5 inches. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 Actual measurements of the parts are not given, as the proportions vary but little. Several examples were collected November 20, 1879, at a depth of ten fathoms, in Drake's Bay, 35 miles north of San Fiancisco, by Mr. Voy, who has presented them to the State University, Berkeley, Cal. One of the types is in the United States National Museum, num- bered . This species is referred to the genns Brachyopsis, proposed by Dr. Gill for the reception of Agonus rostrafus. This genus is distinguished from Ayoniis by the projecting lower jaw and consequent comparatively large terminal mouth, and by the absence of an isthmus. DESt'RBPTION OF A IVEW OETVUS A1V» SOME IVEW SPECIES OF t'AIi- IFORMA FISHES (ICOSTEUS .^EIVIGITIATICFS AIVO OSITIERUS AT- TEIVL'ATUS). By H^. N. I.OCKI]\GTOIV. Fam. BLENNID.^{?). IC03TEUS. Body much compressed. Teeth in a single row in both jaws, close-set, sharp. No teeth on vomer, palatines, or i)haryngeals. Gill-oiienings continuous under the throat, composed of flexible rays, the anterior simple. A single long dorsal fin; anal similar. Base of pectorals fleshy. Ven- trals thoracic in position. Lateral line with groups of si^ines. Pseudo branchiaj. Body scaleless throughout ; fins beset with spinules along the rays. Etymology: er/.u), to yield; oercle mod- erate. Two sui)rascapular spines and a rudiment of a third. Scales large, in about 47 transverse rows; the accessory scales few. Dorsal fin low, rather deeply emargiuate, essentially as in 8. pinniger^ but both spines and soft rays somewhat higher, the latter a little higher than the spines. Caudal fin lunate. Anal fin rather high, the second spine about as long as the third and rather stouter, little more than half ^e height of the soft rays. Pectoral fin moderate, as in pinniger^ the tip reaching about to the vent, the base rather narrow, and the rays not fleshy. Ventrals, as in pinniger, very long, reaching past the vent al- most to the beginning of the anal. Dorsal rays XIII, 14 ; A. Ill, 7. Gill-rakers, as in pinniger, very long and slender, about 10 -f 22 in number, the longest about § the diameter of the eye. Color darker than in pinniger, deep red, strictly speckled with dusky. Above bright deep vermilion, mottled with flesh-color on the sides, the belly light red. Back and sides everywhere with clusters of black dots, so that the whole body has a dusky shade. Top of head and back with vaguely defined cross-blotches made of dark points on snout, iaterorbi- tal space, occiput, under fourth dorsal spine, under eighth dorsal spine, one under first soft ray, last soft ray, and base of caudal. Three obscure orange stripes radiating from the eye. MaxiUary with a red streak. 72 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Lips red, mottled with blackish. Under side of head light red, mottled with darker. Inside of mouth red. Fins all bright vermilion; spinous dorsal spotted with olive-gi-ay be- ipw, the membrane posteriorly edged with blackish; soft dorsal spotted below with blackish, a vertical dark olive streak on each membrane; other fins tipped with blackish, the membranes more or less dotted. Ko hUcJc blotch on the spinous dorsal; no distinct pale streak along the lateral line. The coloration of Sehastichthys pinniger, which has thus far never been described, is as follows: Ground color light olive-gray, profusely blotched with bright clear orange-red, the red shades predominating above, the i)ale below. Belly nearly white. Top of head with cross-blotches and marblings of orange, alternating with pale. Sides of the head flesh-colored, with three bright orange bands radiating from the eye; maxillary with orange touches. Lips pale, tinged with blackish. Inside of mouth pale. Dorsal fin with the membranes bright orange, a large hJacJc blotch oc- cupying the membranes between the seventh and tenth dorsal spines; this sj)ot is usually distinct, but in old examples it is sometimes obso- lete. Pectorals light red, mottled with yellowish. Other fins all bright orange, without dusky tips, slightly mottled with paler at base. Lateral line running in a distinct continuous light-gray streak, which is not crossed by the red markings. S. miniatus was first known to us from two specimens taken at Santa Barbara. These were provisionally considered as representing a variety ofpinniger, but after the examination of an extensive series of specimens from Monterey Bay we were forced to the conclusion that the deep-red forms, although nearly allied to 8. pinnige)\ belong to a distinct species. The difference in color is very marked and the two species may be sep- arated at sight. In life any of the numerous species of this genus may be at once recognized by the color alone, a feature which, circumstances of age and surroundings being equal, is in this group remarkably con- stant. This species reaches the same size as S. pinniger, and is brought with it to the San Francisco market, but in much less abundance. In the description already published by us of Sehastichthys proriger the specimen measured as ^^S.pinniger^^ belongs to the present species. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73 Measurements. Exti-crao leDsth, in inches Length to base of caudal= 100 . Hody: Greatest depth Least depth of tail Head: Length Lenjith of snout Diameter of eye Width of intexorbital area . Occipital spine Supraocular spine Least width of preorbital . . Maxillary Longest gill-raker Dorsal : Highest (fifth) spine Longest soft ray Anal : Lengtli of base Second spine Third spine Longest ray Caudal, "middle' ray Pectoral : Width of base Length Ventral, length Dorsal rays Anal rays Scales in lateral line Miniatus. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEDM. Gill-rakers, as in nebulosus, short, compressed, somewhat clavate, the middle ones longer and somewhat crooked. Spinous dorsal always higher than in nchulosus, the highest spines rather higher than the soft rays, the membranes more deeply incised than in nebidosns, but less than in maliger. Caudal fin truncate. Anal fin moderately high, the second spine stronger and slightly longer than the third, about two-thirds the height of the soft rays. Pectoral fins rather short, about reaching to the vent, their bases very broad, as in related species, and the lower rays thickened and fleshy. Ventrals reaching vent. Scales in 53 transverse rows ; the accessory scales rather numerous. Dorsal, XIII, 12; anal III, 7; pyloric coeca 8; vertebraj 12 + 15. Pattern of cc-loration almost exactly identical with that of S. nebu- losics, but the shade of color very different. In 8. carnatus the light ground color is clear flesh color or pinkish, often tinged with grayish purple ; the light shades on the head purplish. The dark shades are yellowish-brown, usually tinged with greenish. In 8. nehulosus the light ground color is more restricted, and its hue is usually a clear warm brownish-yellow with orange mottlings, vary- ing to dusky orange-brown, below often tinged with olive. The dark shades are olive-black, varying to olive-brown. The light sliades of 8. nebulosus are often nearly identical with the darTc shades of ^S*. carnatus. In both species the pattern is a light ground color, with dark blotches, the dark color predominating above. Membrane between third and fourth spines always pale, this color forming a blotch at the base of these spines, and then extending obliquely downwards and backwards, joining the ventral color. In front of this light area on the sides is a nar- row oblique dark one, in front of which in turn is a light one, which be- gins at the angle of the opercle and divides, passing around the pectorals and uniting below them. A light blotch under the eighth dorsal spine extending up on the fin ; also another at the junction of the two dorsals, and still another under the last ray. Under each of these blotches irregular undulating light areas extend down the sides, either continuous or as detached blotches. The pale dorsal blotches correspond in position to the i)ink dorsal spots of rosaceus, constellatus, oculatus, and chlorostictus, and to pale areas found in fasciolaris, vexillaris, maliger, and other species. Head above with cross-shades and bands radiating from the eye. Fins with the general pattern of color of neighboring parts of the body. This species is very closely related to 8. nebulosus, and from it cannot always be readily distinguished except by the color. Like 8. nebulosus, it is one of the smaller species, seldom reaching a length of much over a foot. It is very abundant in the Bay of Monterey, forming a large proportion of the "rock-fish" shij)j)ed from Monterey to tbe San Fran- cisco market. ^S'. nebulosus occurs in the same waters, and the exam- ination of great numbers of examples of both sexes and all ages has PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 75 convinced us that, although closely related, the two forms are perma- nently distinct. Whether hereafter to be regarded as a species or as a "subspecies," the form is a peculiar one, aud as such worthy of a Lame. Measurements. Extreme length, in inches Length to base caudal= 100 Body: Greatest depth Least depth Head: Length Diameter of eye Lengtii of snout Length of preocular ridge Length of supraocular ridge Length of (>ccipit;il ridge Least width ot jut'orbital Width of iiitirorliitiil space Length of maxillary Length of longest gill-raker Dorsal : Length of base Height of tifth spine Height of nunubrauc between fourth and fifth spines. Height of longest soft ray Anal: Length of base Height of second spine Height of third spine Height of longest ray ^ Caudal, length of middle rays Pectoral : Lenath Width of base Ventral, length Dorsal rays Anal rays Number of transverse rows of scales Camatus. (Monterey.) Xebtdostts. (Monterey.) 11.50 9.85 36.5 n.5 36. 9. 10. 3.5 5. 6. 3. 6.3 18. 2. 63. 16. 11.2 15.5 13.7 13. 13.1 17.5 16.3 26.8 10.5 21. XIILH nr, 7 45 April 2, 1880. CHECK-liIST OF UUPIilCATES OF BfORTH AIWERICAIV FIJ^HF.S DISTRlBITTED BY TBIE .SinilTII!i(Oi\IAIV IIV.STITUTD©I\ I.lf BEHALF OF TOE UIVITED STATES IVATIONAIi MUSEUM, 1877-1880. Prepared by TARLETON H. BEAN. LOPHIID^. 1. Lophius piscatorius Linn. Lophius americaniis Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass., 1867, p. 101, pi. xviii, fig. 2. 22311. Gloucester, Massachusetts. ANTENNARIID^. 2. Pterophryne histrio Linn. Pterophryne Icevigata (Guv.) Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 14. 20662. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts (3). DIODONTID^. 3. Diodon hystrix Linn. 23779. Bermuda. 4. Chilomycterus geometricus (Linn.) Kaup. 9448. East coast of United States. 147.')2. Noank, Connecticut. 19460. Eastern shore of Virginia. 19674. Beaufort, North Carolina. 19719. Fort Macon, North Carolina. 19767. 20074. 21034. 22911. 22912. Eastern shore of Virginia. Coast of New England. Newport, Rhode Island. Eastern coast of United States. 76 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TETEODONTIDJE. 5. Tetrodon turgidus Mitch. Ohilichthys turgidus Gill, Cat. Pish. E. Coast N. A., 10740. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 17601. 14037. Noank, Counecticut. 17602. 14746. " " 17603. 14747. " " 17604. 14748. " " 17605. 14749. " " 17606. 14750. " " 17607. 14828. " " 19461. 14972. Eastern coast of United States. 19765. 17596. Noank, Connecticut* 19829. 17597. " " 20290. 17598. " " 21444. 17599. " " 22718. 17600. " " 23147. 1873, p. 15. Noank, Connecticut. Eastern shore of Virginia. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Eastern coast of United States. Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts. Eastern coast of United States. BALISTID^. 6. Alutera Schoepfii (Wall).) Goode &, Bean. Alutera cuspicauda Gill, Cat. Eisb. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 15. Ceratacanthus aurantiacus GiU, op. cit., p. 15. 14745. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 16601. Menemsha Bight, Massachusetts. 16314. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 16567. " " 18715. " " 18716. " " 18717. " " 18718. " " 18719. " " . 18734. " '• 18735. " " 18736. " " 18737. " " 18738. " " 18739. " " 18740. •' •• 18741. " " 18742. " " 18743. " " 18744. " •• 7. Monacanthus setifer Bennett. 18745. 18746. 18747. 18748. 18749. 18750. 18751. 18752. 18753. 18863. 19251. 19280. 19282. 19718. 20691. 21644. 21649. 22937. 22738. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. Fort Macon, North Carolina. Newport, Ehode Island. Eastern coast of United States. Stephanolepis setifer Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 15. 18893. 18894. 18895. 18896. 18897. 18898. 18899. 18900. 18901. 18902. 18903. 18904. 18905. 18906. 18907. Wood's HoU, Massaiiqiiorcau. 40. Zoarces aiiguillaris (Peck) Storer. 14553. Eastpoit, Maine. 14554. 14556. 14557. Portlaud, Maine. 14558. 14559. " 21784. Gloucester, Massacliusetts. 22G32. 22C58. " " 22C95. " " 22871. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 23084. " " 23193. Massachusetts Bay. 237G0. ProviIlceto^™, Massachusetts. 23910. 24002, 24311. 24346. 24382. CRYPTACANTHID^. 41. Cryptacaiithodes maculatus Storer. 21433. Eastern coast of United States. 21857. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 24254. Fishing Banks, off New England. 24255. Fishing Banks, ofFIirew England. 24710. " " 24737. " " XIPHIDIONTID^. 42. Muraenoides gunneUus (L.) Goocle & Bean. Muroenoides mucronatus (Mitch. ) GiU. 13429. "Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts. 13432. 13438. " " 13848. Eastport, Maine. 1C503. Eastern coast of United States. 19827. Wood's Uoll, Massachusetts. 19847. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 22842. " " 231G4. IJTe-w Bedford, Massachusetts. 231G5. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 24926. " " ANARRHICHADID^. 43. Anarrhichas lupus L. 23906. East coast of United States. 23907. " " 24234. Lat. 42° 10' N., Lon. 6C° 30' "W. 24235. 8 miles S. E. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 24099. 5 miles S. S. E. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 24700. " 44. Anarrhichas minor Olafsen. 24233. Lat. 44° 30' If., Lon. 57° 10' "W., 250 fths. | 24237. Lat. 43° 52' N., Lon. 59° 09' "W., 200 fths. 45. Anarrhichas latifrons Steenstrup & Hallg. 24238. Lat. 42° 53' N"., Lon. 59° 09' "W., 200 fths. 24G98. Lat. 43° 33' N., Lon. 52° 06' "W., 150 fths. 21623. Lat. 42° 27' N., Lon. 64° 20' W., 28 fathoms. 21845. Banqucreau, 300 fathoms. 22710. East coast of United States. 25109. Lat. 43° 33' K, Lon. 52° 06' "W., 140 to 160 fathoms. BLENNIIDiE. 46. Blenuius crinitus. 21959. Bermuda. 47. Labrosomus nuchipinnis (Q. & G.) Poey. 21240. Bermuda. | 21946. Bermuda PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83 48. Batrachus tau Liun. BATEACHID^. 6S23. 10711. 10743. 10744. 14542. 14543. 14544. 14545. 14540. 14548. 14543. 14550. 14551. 14552. 1C550. East coast of United States. "Wood's noil, Massaoliusetts. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's noil, Massachusetts. 17210. 17211. 17212. 17213. 17214. 17215. 1721C. 17217. 17218. 17219. 17C09. 19758. 20632. 22760. Koank, Connecticut. "Wood's Holl, Massaoliusetts. East coast of United States. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 49. Porichthys porosissimus. CGG9. West coast of United States. 9316. San Diogo, California. 1704G. Santa Barbara, California. 20005. Santa Barbara, Califomia. 22333. Monterey, Califomia. . 24814. San Diego, California. URANOSCOPID^. 50. Astroscopus anoplus (C. &V.) Brevoort. 7304. Eastern United States. CYCLOPTERIDJE. 51. Cyclopterus lumpus Linu. 20698. Newport, Ehode Islaed. 52. Gobius soporator. 21935. Bermuda, 53. Eleotris. 19S80 ? 54. Dormitator. 19881 ? I 23051. Gloucester, Massachusetts. GOBIID^. I 19882 f TEIGLIDiE. 55. Dactylopterus volitans (Linn.) Lac. 18579. 18580. 18581. 18582. 18583. 18584. 18585. 18586. 18587. 18588. 18589. 18590. 18591. 18592. 18593. 18594. 18595. 18596. 18597. 18598. "Wood s noR, Massachusetts. 18599. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18600. " " 18601. " " 18602. " " 18603. " " 1S605. " " 18606. " " 18607. " " 18608. " " 18609. " " 18610. " *• 18611. " " 18612. " 18613. " " 18614. " " 18615. " " 18616. " «' 18617. " " 18618. " " 18619. " " 84 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 18G20. 18622. 18623. 18624. 18625. 1862G. 18627. 18628. 1862&. 18630. 18631. 18632. 18633. 18634. 18635. 18636. 18637. 18638. 18639. 18640. 18643. 18644. 18645. 18646. 18647. 18648. 18649. 18650. 18651. 18652. 18653. 18654. "Wood's Holl, Massaclinsett8. 56. Prionotus evolans (L.) Gill. 13575. 13581. 14534. 14535. 1453C. 14537. 14538. 14539. 14540. 14955. 16004. 16008. 16009. 16011. 16593. 18868. 18869. 18870. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Noant, Connectiout. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18655. 18656. 18657. 18658. 18659. 18660. 18661. 18662. 18663. 18664. 18665. 18666. 18667. 18668. 18669. 18670. 18671. 18672. 18673. 18674. 18676. 18677. 18678. 18679. 18680. 18681. 18682. 18683. 18684. 20835. 24481. 24497. 18871. 18872. 18873. 18874. 18875. 18876. 18877. 18878. 18879. 19307. 19308. 19310. 20703. 21442. 21652. 22713. 22750. 22754. Wood s HoU, Massachusetts. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. Kewport, Rhode Island. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Kewport, Rhode Island. East coast of United States. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. 57. Prionotus carolinus (Liun.) C. & V. 14528. 14529. 14530. 14531. 14532. 14533. 16032. 16309. 17142. 17143. 17144. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Noank, Connecticut. 17145. 17146. 17147. 17148. 17149. 17150. 19341. 19342. 19343. 19344. 19345. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19346, 19347. 19348. 19349. 19350. 19352. 19353. 19354. 19356. 19357. 19358. 19400. 19401. "Wood's Hell, Massachusetts. 19403. 19404. 19405. 1940G. 19407. 19408. 19409. 19410. 19415. 20664. 21443. 23531. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts Coliasset Narrows, Massachusetts. Crisfield, Maryland. AGONID^. 58. Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Blocli) Storer. 23174. Massachusetts Bay. | 24336. Provincetown, Maasachusotts. 60 86 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. HEMITEIPTERID^. 65. Heniitriptenis americanus (Gmel.) Storer. 14497. Eastport, Maine. 14499. 14500. 14502. 1450X 14504. 14505, Portland, Maine. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts. 14959. Coast of Massacliusetts. 16438. Boston, Mas-sachusetts. Nantucket, Ilhode Island.1G514. 1C558. 16594. 19412. 19413. 19414. 19748. 20G96. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Newport, Rhode Island. 20956. 21010. 21026. 21035. 21508. 21646. 21795. 22269. 22283. 22315. 22647. 22655. 22699. 22839. 22843. 24368. Bucksport, Mt»ine. Halifax, Kova Scotia. Salem, Massachusetts. Newiiort, Ilhode Island. Gloucester, Massachusetts. "Wood' 3 Holl, Massachnsetta. Grand Banks. SCORP^NID^. 66. Sebastes mariiius Linn. Sebastes viviparua Kroyei. 14472. Eastport, Maine. 14473. "II 14474. " " 14476. " 14477. " " 14478. " 14479. " " 144S0. •• » 14484. " 14486. " " 14488. " " 14489. " " 14490. " " 14495. " " 14496. " " 21G20. Lat. 42° 42' N., Lon. 64° 20' W., 270 to 300 fathoms. 21792. Gloucester, Massachxisetts. 21811. " " 222G7. " " 22298. East coast of United States. 22299. " " 22651. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 22700. " " 22882. East coast of United States. 23092. " " 23143. Massachusetts Bay. 23774. " 23775. " 23911. Banquereau. 24637. Halifax, Nova Scotiiv. 67. Sebastomus melanops (Grd.) Gill. 21582. Washington Territory. 68. Scarus radians Val. 21373. Bermuda. SOARID^. I 21882. Bermuda. 69. Pseudoscarus vetula (Schn.) Gill. 21880. Bermuda. LAARIDiE. 70. ChcerojuKs radiatus (L.) Goode. 21879. Bermuda. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 87 Noank, Connecticut, 71. Tautoga onitis (Linu.) Gtlir. 10598. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 10599. 10643. 13C30. 14446. 14453. 14454. 14455. 14456. 14457. 14458. 14459. 14460. i44«l. 14462. 14463. 14464. 14466. 14467. 17610. 17611. 17612. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 17613. 17614. 17C15. 17616. 17618. 17619. 17620. 17621. 17622. 22725. 22769. 22914. 22915. 22916. 24438. 24444. 24447. 24455. 24473. 24507. 24519. 24572. Wood's Holl, Mussachnsctts. Massachusetts Bay. Wood's Holl, Mxissachusctta. 72. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walb.) Gill. 10745. 10746. 14431. 14432. 14433. 14434. 14435. 14436. 14438. 14439. 14440. 14441. 14442. 14443. 14444. 14445. 14446. 14447. 14448. 14449. 14450. 14452. 16034. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Portland, Maine. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 17555. 17556. 17557. 1755S. 17559. 17560. 17561. 17562. 17563. 17564. 17617. 17623. 17624. 17625. 17026. 17627. 17628. 17629. 22652. 22742. 22707. 23908. Noank, Connecticut. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Noank, Connecticut. Gloucester, Massachusetts. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Provincotown, Massachusetts . 73. Oxyjulis modestus (Grd.) Gill. 17025. Santa Barbara, California. I 17027. Santa Barbara, California. POJUACENTEID^. 74. Glyphidodon saxatlHs (L.) C. «fe V. 10333. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CICHLID^. 75. Heros. 19908. West coast of Central America. 76. Embiotoca Jacksoni Ag. 17048. Santa Barbara, California. 17049. I 19910. West coast of Central America. EMBIOTOCID^. I 22255. California. 77. Taeniotoca lateralis (Ag.) A. Ag. C216. Presidio, California. 22250. California. 78. Holconotus rhodoterus Ag. 566. Presidio, California. Humboldt Bay. San Diego, California. Santa Barbara, California. Santa Cruz Island, California. 567. 572. 17028. 17029. 22259. 22304. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89 84. Sarda pelamys (L.) Cuv. 8482. NewTork. 14423. Noank, Connecticut. 14424. 14425. 85. Orcynus pelamys (L.) Poey. 21556. Wood's Holl, Massacliuseits. 86. Cybium maculatum (Mitcli.) Cuv. 23118. WashingtOD Market. 14426. Noank, Coimecticnt. 15435. Mouth Potomac River. 22728. East coast "United States. 22778. , " I 21557. Wood's Holl, Massacliusetta. CARANGID^. 87. Vomer setipinnis (Mitcli.) Ayres. 1G838. New York Market. 19735. East coast United States. 88. Argyreiosus vomer (Liuu.) C. & V. 195U6. Beaufort, North Carolina. 89. Decapterus punctatus (Ag.) Gill. 18120. Bermudas. 18121. 18122. 18123. 18124. 18125. 18126. 18127. " 18128. 18129. 18130. 18131. 18951. 18952. 21655. 22753. NeTTport, Hhode Island. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts, 18953. 18954. 18955. 18956. 18957. 18958. 18959. 18960. 18961. 18962. 18963. 18964. 19143. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 90. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Blocli) Gill. 18685. 18686. 18687. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18689. 18690. 18691. 18692. 18693. 18694. 18695. 18696. 18697. 18698. 18699. 18700. 18701. 18702. 18703. 18704. 18725. 18726. 18727. 18728. 18729. 18982. 18983. 21638. 22368. 22784. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Newport, Rhode Island. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 91. Carangus pisquetus (C. & V.) Grd. Paratracttis pisquetus (C. & Y.) GUI. 5991. Florida. 13663. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 14401. 14402. " 14403. " " 14404. " " 1440G. " " 14407. 14408. 14409. 14410. 14412. 14414. 14415. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1441G. Wood's IIoll, Massaclnisctts. 14417. " 14418. •' 1G568. •" 17199. " 17200. " 17201. " 17202. " 17203. " 17204. " 17205. " 17206. " 17207. " 17208. " 18807. " 19020. " 19255. " 92. Carangus hippos (L.) Gill. 14389. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 14390. " 14391. " 14392. " 14393. " 14394. " 14395. " 14396. " 14398. " 14400. " 18779. " 18780. " 18781. " 18782. " 18783. " 88784. " 18785. " 18786. " 18787. " 18788. 19296. 19298. 19377. 19378. 19381. 19383. 19384. 19386. 19388. 19391. 19392. 19393. 19394. 20G28. 20755. 21037. 22781. 18789. 18790. 18791. 18792. 18793. 18794. 18795. 18790. 18797. 18798. 18799. 18800. 18801. 18802. 18803. 19492. 20842. 21054. 24922. Wood's Holl, Massacliusetta. Newport, Rhode Island. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. Beaufort, Xort^i Carolina. Newport, Rhode Island. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. 93. Blepharichthys crinitus (Akerly) Gill. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Mauritius. 13087. 13088. 16413. 16520. 19984. 19985. 19986. 19987. 94. Trachynotus carolinus (L.) Gill. 16249. New York Market. 18808. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18809. " 18810. " 18811. " 18812. " 18813. " 18814. •' 18815. " 18816. " 18817. " 18818. " 18819. " 188-:0. «« 18821, • 19988. 20205. 20682. 20705. 20750. 21040. 22752. 18822. 18823. 18824. 18825. 18826. 18827. 18828. 18829. 18830. 18831. 18832. 22322. 22737. 22768. Mauritius. Newport, Rhode Island. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. Ncw7)ort, Rhode Island. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. East coast of United States. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91 95. Seriola zonata (Mitch.) C. & V. Halatractus zonatus (Mitch.) Gill. 10402. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts. 12905. 12998. 12999. 14384. 143S5. 14387. 143S8. 14953. 10282. 1G393. 1C543. 16569. 18965. 189GC. 189G7. 18968. 19018. East coast of United States. Wood's lIoH, Massachusetts. Kew Bedford, Massachusetts. "Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. 19019. 19274. 19365. 19366. 19367. 19368. 19369. 19370. 19371. 19372. 19374. 19395. 20197. 20646. 20050. 20743. 21036. 22774. Wood's HoH, Massachusetts. Nowjioit, Ehode Island. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts. Newport, Ehode Island. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. COKYPHJENID^. 96. Coryphaena Sueuri C. & V. 16485. Kew York Market. STROMATEID^. 97. Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitch.) 14055. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 16080. 16081. 16082. 16083. 16084. 16085. 16086. 10087. 16088. 16089. 16090. 16337. 16516. 19285. 19286. 10287. Off Xoman's Land. Wood's noil, Massachusetts. New York Market. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts. Gill. 19288. 19289. 19290. 19291. 19292. 19305. 19750. 20704. 22650. 22746. 22913. 24252. 24253. 24375. 24418. 24431. 24432. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts. East coast of United States. Newport, Ilhodo Island. Gloucester, Massachusetts. Eishing banks off coast of Maine. East coast of United States. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 98. Poronotus triacanthus (Peck) Gill. 10705. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 10706. " " 13249. " " 13267. " " 13270. " '• 13271. " " 13275. " " 13276. " " 13278. " " 13279. " " 14358. " " 14360. " •• 14361. " " 14362. " '» 14304. 14367. 14368. Noank, Connecticut. 14369. 14370. 14371. 14372. 14373. 14374. 14375. 14376. 14377. 14378. 14379. 14381. 14382. 14383. 14939. 14944. 14951. Noank, Connecticut, Eastport, Maine. Portland, Maine. Norfolk, Virginia. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. East coast of United States. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15082. 1G459. 17188. 17189. 17190. 17191. 17192. 17193. 17194. 17195. Tomjilcin.svillo, Nc'w Torli. "Wood's noil, MassachusettB. Noank, Connecticut. 17196. 17197. 17198. 20G51. 21667. 23155. 24259. 24260. 24927. Ifoank, Connecticut, "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Banquereau. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Off coast of Maine. "Vineyard Sound. Gloucester, Massachusetts. 99. Peprilus alepidotus (L.) Cuv. Peprilus Gardenii (Bl. Schn.) GilL 12871. Off coast of Florida. 15372. "Washington Market. 15373. 19499. Beaufort, ITorth Carolinft. 22924. Jlorfolk, "Virginia. LATILID^. 100. Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode & Bean. 24291. Lat. 40° 10' N., Lou. 70° 56' "W., 75 fathoms. BERYCID^. 101. Holocentrum sogo Blocli. 18071. Bermuda. 18072. 18073. 18074. 18075. 18076. 18077. 18078. 18079. 18080. 18081. 18082. 18083. 18084. 18085. 18086. 18087. 21891. Bermuda. SCIiENID^. 102. Cynoscion carolinensis (C. & V.) Gill. 8315. 12807. 19459. 19651. 19652. Saint John's Eiver, Florida. Norfolk, Virginia. Fort Macon, North Carolina. Beaufort, North Carolina. 19653. 19654. 19713. 22932. 24684. Beaufort, North Carolina. Fort Macon, North Carolina. Off coast of North Carolina. Near Charleston, South Carolinx 103. Cynoscion regalis (Blocli) Gill. 12804. 14356. 16323. 16429. 16548. 18880. 18881. 18882. 18883. 18884. 1S885. Norfolk, Virginia. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18886. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18887. 18888. 18889. 18890. 18891. 18892. 1S94'8. " 22307. 23195. " 23508. Norfolk, Virginia. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93 104. Pogonias cromis Lac. 17904. Saiut John's River, Florida. 1790.'). " " 17906. " " 17907. " 17908. " " 17909. " " 17910. " " 17911. " " 17912. " " 18303. " " 18405. " " 18406. " " 18407. 18408. 18409. 18410. 18411. 18484. 19040. 19041. 19764. 22779. 24090. S;sint John's River, Florida. Florida. Southeast coast United States. Near Charleston, South Carolina. 105. Liostomus obliquus (Mitch.) De Kay. 16850. 18047. 18333. 18334. 18336. 18448. Ne-w York Maricot. Mouth of Saint John's River, Florida. Saint John's River, Florida. 18449. 18450. 19055. 21283. 24484. 24688. Saint John's River, Florida. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Near Charleston, South Carolina. 106. Bairdiella argyroleuca (Mitcli.) Gill. Bairdiella punctata (L.) Gill. 3370. Southeast coast of United States. Brunswick, Georgia. Mouth of Saint John's River, Florida. Saint John's River, Florida. 17755. 18050. 18335. 18498. 18499. 18500. 18501. 18502. 18503. 18504. 18505. 18506. 18507. 18508. 18509. 18510. 18511. 18512. 19002. 22927. 23109. Saint John's River, Florida. Florida. South Carolina. 107. Sciasnops ocellatus (Linn.) Gill. 18317. Saint John's River, Florida. 19498. Beaufort, North Carolina. 19655. " " 19714. 22716. Fort Macon, North Carolina. Southern coast of United States. 108. Menticirrus nebulosus (Mitch.) Gill. 10701. "Wood's Holl, Ma.ssachuaetts. 10709. 14353. Noank, Connecticut. 14354. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 15579. New York Market. 18712. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 18713. 18847. 18848. 18849. 18850. 18851. 18852. 188,53. 18854. 18855. 18856. 18857. 18858. 18859. 21441. 22757. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Cohasset Narro *s, Massachusetts. East coast of United States. 109. Menticirrus littoralis (Holbr.) Gill 19081. Florida. 19082. " 19083. " 10084. " 19085. " 19086. " 19087. Florida. 19088. 19089. 19090. 19091. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 110. Micropogon undulatus (L.) C. & V. 18332. Siiint John's River, Florida. 18493. 18494. 85. Orcynus pelaniys (L.) Poey. 213G4. Bermuda. 112. Haploidonotus grunniens Eaf. 9504. Mississippi Valley. Sandusky, Ohio. 18495. 22740. 22933. Saint John's Eiver, Florida. East coast of United States. 21881. Bermuda. 11037. 11040. 11041. 11089. 12279. 12285. 12286. 12287. 12288. 17768. 17769. Ausable Eiver, Michigan. Cincinnati, Ohio. Detroit, Michigan. Sandusky, Ohio. 17770. 17771. 17772. 17773. 17774. 17775. 17776. 17777. 17778. 17779. 17780. 17781. GEH-EID^. Sandusky, Ohio. 113. Diapterus gula. 21896. Bermuda, 23557. " 23562. " 23564. " 23567. " 23568. " 23509. 23570. " 23571. " 23576. " 23579. " 114. Diapterus Lefroyi Goode. Eucinostoinus Lefroyi Goode. 181.'>7. Bermuda. 18158. 18159. " 18160. " 18161. " 18162. 18163, " 181C4. " 23580. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 SPAKIDiE. 116. Lagodon rhomboides (L.) Holbrook. s Kivcr, Florida.17899. Saint John 17900, 17001. 1S:;43. 18344. 18345. 18346. 18451. 18452. 18453. 18454. 18455. 18456. 117. Archosaxgus probatocephalus ("\\ 15578. New Tork Market. 18309. Saint John's lUver, Florida. 18389. " 18390. 183i^. 18392. " 18393. 18394. 18395. " 18396. " 18397. 18398. " 118. Stenotomus argyrops (L.) Gill. 18457. Saint John 18458. 18459. 184C0. 18461. 1S462. 19134. 19687. 19716. 21280. 21569. 21570. 24284. s Eiver, Tlorida. Florida. Fort MacoE, North Carolina. Saiat John's Eiver, Florida. Charleston, South Carolina. East coast of United States. Wood's Hull, Massachusetts. 5940. 10652. 10668. 10702. 12922. 12923. 14326. 14327. 14328. 14329. 14330. 14331. 14332. 14333. 14335. 14336. 14337. 14338. 14339. 14340. 14341. 14342. 14344. 119. Sargus Holbrookii Bean. 20979. Chaileston, South Carolina. 22870. Now Tork Market. lib.) 18399. 18400. 18401. 18402. 18403. 18404. 18413. 18414. 18415. 18410. 21546. 22729. 14345. 14347. 14348. 14349. 14350. 14351. 14352. 14964. 14965. 16007. 16030. 16042. 10049. 17186. 17187. 21436. 22758. 22925. 24468. 24491. 24508. 24512. 24545. East coast of United States. Gill. Saiut John's Eiver, Florida. Charleston, South Carolina. East coast of United States. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. East coast of United States. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 24691. Charleston, South Carolina. 120. Calamus megacephalus (Sw.) Poey. 21893. Bermuda. 121. Pagrus argenteus Schn. ? 24695. Off Charleston, South Carolina. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PEISTIPOMATID^. 122. Pristipoma fulvomaculatum (Mitch.) Gtlir. 22923. East coast of United States. | 23507. Norfolk, Virfe Tiia. 123. Haemylum xanthopterum C. & V. 18219. Benuuda. 18220. 18221. " 18222. " 18223. " 18224. 18225. " 18226. " 18227. " 18228. " 18229. 18230. 18231. 124. Haemylum flaviguttatus Gill. 19632. Colima. 18232. 18233. 18234. 18235. 18236. 18237. 18238. 18239. 18240. 18241. 18242. 20179. 21372. Bermuda. 125. Haemylum. 19039. Florida. 126. Lutjauus caxis (Sclin.) Poey. 18101. Bermuda. 18102. 18103. 18104. 18105. 18106. 18107. 18108. 18109. 18110. 18111. 18112. 18113. 18114. 18115. 18116. 18117. 22798. Bermuda. 127. Lutjanu.s Blackfordii Goode & Be.iu. 22795. Southern coast of United States. 128. Rhomboplites aurorubens (C. & V.) Gill. 21224. Charleston, South Carolina. | 21571. Charleston, South Carolina. CENTRARCHIDJE. 129. Micropterus salmoides (Lac.) Gill. Potomac Iliver. B.iy City, Michigan. Alpena, Michigan. Charlestown, New Hampshire. 10715. 11100. 11208. 12308. 12309. 12310. 12809. 15517. Norfolk, Virginia. Potomac Kiver. 16844. 17791. 19014. 19015. 19610. 19617. 22727. New York Market. Eolyoke, Massachusetts. Sandusky, Ohio. Bay City, Michigan. Potomac Eiver. 130. Micropterus pallidus (Raf.) Gill & Jordan. 10380. 10381. 11072. 12297. 12298. 12472. Norfolk, Virginia. Sandusky, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio. Sandusky, Ohio. 15664. 1G910. 16911. 1G912. 16013. 16914. New York M.arket. Tangipahoa River, MississippL PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 17925. 17968. 18438. 18439. 18440. 19032. 19033. 19034. Saint John'-s River, Florida. %YiImiiiKton, North Carolina. Saint John's River, Florida. 19035. 19036. 19037. 19038. 19039. 20555. 21278. 24812. Saint John's River, Florida. Jacksonville, Florida. Saint John's River, Florid-o. North Carolina. 131. Ambloplites rupestris (Eaf.) Gill. 4173. Rochester, Wisconsin. Lake Champlain.5707. 7667. 7673. 7686. 7705. 7708. 7734. 8469. 8926. Yellow Creek, Ohio. Racino, Wisconsin. Cleveland, Ohio. Yellow Creek, Ohio. Red Rivei-, British America. Sandusky, Ohio. 11013. 11014. 11016. 11218. 12415. 16919. 19022. 23183. 24666. Sandusky, Ohio. Alpena, Michigan. Sandusky, Ohio. Tangipahoa River, Mississippi. Sandusky, Ohio. Aux Plaines, lUinois. 132. Acantharcns pomotis (Bd.) Gill. 17844. 20353. New Jersey. Trenton, New Jersey. 24654. Watson's Creek, New Jersey. 133. Chasnobryttus gulosus (C. & V.) Gill Chcenobryttv.s viridis (C. & V.) Jordan. Saint John's River, Florida.18384. 18385. 18387. 18514. 18515. 18516. 18517. 18519. 18520. 18521. 19096. 19097. 19098. 19099. Saint John's River, Florida. 19100. " 24753. Washington Market (from N 24754. 24755. 24756. " 24757. " 24758. " 24759. " 24760. " 24761. " 24769. " 24809. " C). 134. Apomotis cyanellus (Eaf.) Jordan. 20052. Cumberland River, Tennessee. 135. Lepomis auritus (L.) Gill. 4220. Florida. 6246. Sing Sing, New York. 7757. 7775. " " Rivers of east coast of United States. 15351. Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania. 18017. " " 20305. Havre ;j7, 1874. Shore and flats at low water, and eel-grass ; abundant. Gammarus mucronatus Say, Jouru. Phila. Acad., vol. i, p. 376, 1818. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 559, 1874. Shore and flats at low water; very abundant. McEra levis Smith, luv. V. S., p. 559, 1874. In the eel-grass off the dike. Not hitherto recorded from north of Vineyard Sound. Microdeutopus grandimanus Smith. — Autonoe grandimana Bruz., Skand. Amphip, Gamm., ji. 2(3, 1859. — Microdeutopus mvnax Smith, Inv. V. S., \). 5(32, 1874. On the shore at low water, in the eel-grass off the dike, and among the sea-weeds on the piles of the wharves. Formerly known on the American coast only from Vineyard and Long Island Sounds. Amphithoe longimana Smith, luv. V. S., p. 563, 1874. Found at low water and in the eel-grass in one-half fathom. Pre- viously known only from south of Caj)e Cod. Corophium cylindricum (Say) Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 566, 1874. Eel-grass, one-half fathom. Chelura terebrans Philippi. Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 232, 1879. Abundant in old submerged piles of wharves, associated with Lim- noria Ugnorum and Teredo navalis. First recorded from America in the I)aper of Professor Smith referred to above, but previously found by him at Wood's Holl in 1875. Caprella geometrica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. i, p. 390, 1818. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 567, pi. v, fig. 20, 1874. In the eel-grass, one-half fathom, and also obtained from floating sea- weeds in Piovincetown Harbor. Hitherto recorded from south of Cape Cod only, but discovered by the Fish Commission at Quahog Bay, Maine, in 1873. ISOPODA. Jaera albifrons Leach. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 158, 1879. — Jcsra copi- osa Stimi)son, Mar. Inv. Grand Manan, p. 40, 1853. Harger, Inv. V. S., p. 571, 1874. Very abundant on the shore between tides, under loose stones and other objects; and also in the eel-grass in very shallow water. Chiridotea coeca (Say) Harger, Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. xv, p. 374, 1878. Shore, low water; only a few specimens collected. Idotea irrorata (Say) Edwards. Harger, Inv. V. S., p. 569, 1874 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 160, 1879. — Idotea tricmpidata Desm., Diet, des Sci. Nat., tome xxviii, p. 373, 1823. Very abundant on the shore, on piles of wharves, in the eel-grass, and swimming at the surface amongst floating sea-weeds. 122 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Idotea phosphorea Harger, luv. V. S. , p. 5G9, 1874. Occasioiuilly foiiud swimming at the surface in Proviucetown Har- bor, aud also upon the beach, with stranded sea-weeds. Epelys trilobus (Say) Smith, luv. V. S. , p. 571, pi. vi, fig. 28, 1874. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., vol. ii, p. 160, 1879. Moderately abundant; shore, between tides, and in the eel-grass, one- half fathom; only specimens of small to medium size were met with. Sphaeroma quadridentatum Say. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. ICl, 1879. Abundant, but only specimens of small size were obtained; low water and between tides on the shore and flats, and upon eel-grass, in one-half fathom. Limnoria lignorum (Rathke) White. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 161, 1879. In piles of old wharves, in comjiany with Leptochelia algicola and Chelura terebrans. Leptochelia algicola Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 162, 1879. — Paratanais algicola Harger, Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. xv, p. 377, 1878. Very abundant at low water, on eel-grass, in one-half fathom, and in old i^iles, associated with Limnoria lignorum and Chelura. Leptochelia cosca Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 164, 1879. A single specimen only of this species was recognized among the shore collections. CIRRIPEDIA. Balauus balanoides (Linnd) Stimp., Mar. luv. of Grand Manan, p. 39, 1853. Smith, Inv.V.S.,p.579,1874. Common on piles of wharves, on shells, stones, and wood on the beaches, and occasionally found on floating fucus. On the piles it was usually of small size, but on stones lying on the beaches it often exceeded half an inch in diameter. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 579, 1874. On floating fucus in the harbor. ANNELIDA. Lepidonotus squamatus Leach. Verrill, Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound, p. 581, pi. 10, figs. 40, 41, 1874. On the piles of wharves. Harmothoe imbricata Malmg. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 582, 1874. Piles of wharves. Sigalion arenicola Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 167, 1879. Shore, in sand, at low water. Sthenelais picta Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 582, 1874; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol, ii, p. 167, 1879. Shore, in sand, at low water. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123 Nephthys ciliata Eathke. Ver. , In v. V. S. , p. 583, 1874. Shore, iu sand. Phyllodoce catenula Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 587, 1874. Piles of wharves. Eiilalia pistacia Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 584, 1874. Piles of wharves. Autolytus comutus A. Ag., Jour. Bos. Soc. N. H., p. 392, 1863. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 590, pi. 13, figs. 65, 66, 1874. Piles of wharves, and among eel-grass near the beach. Nereis limbata Ehlers. Ver., Inv, V. S. , p. 590, pi. 11, fig. 51, 1874. Shore, in sand, and among eel-grass. Nereis virens Sars. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 590, pi. 11, figs. 47-50, 1874. * Shore, in sand. Lumbrinereis fragilis A. and E. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 594, 1874 (Lumbriconereis). Shore, in sand. Lumbrinereis teniiis Ver., Check List, p. 8, 1879; Inv. V. S., p. 594, 1874 (LumhricO' nereis). Shore, in sand. Arabella opaHna Ver., Check List, p. 8,1879; Inv. V.S., p. 594, pi. 13, figs. 69, 70, 1874 {Lumhriconereia). Shore, in sand. Goniada gracilis Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 174, 1879. — Eone gracilis Yet., Iuv.V.S.,p.596,1874. Shore, in sand. Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 596, pi. 10, figs. 43, 44, 1874. Shore, in sand. Anthostoma fragile Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 598, 1874. Shore, in sand. Anthostoma robustum Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 597, pi. 14, fig. 76, 1874. Shore, in sand. Scolecolepis viridis Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 600, 1874. Shore, in sand. Polydora ciliatum Clapar. (?) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 603, pi. 14, fig. 78, 1874. Shore, in sand. Cirratulus grandis Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 606, pi. 15, figs. 80, 81, 1874. Shore, in sand. Notomastus luridus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 610, 1874. Shore, in sand. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Notoanastus filiformis Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 611, 1874. Shore, iu sand. Praxilla zonalis Ver., Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1873, p. 384. Shore, in sand. ClymeneUa torquata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 608, pi. 14, figs. 71-73, 1874. Shore, in sand. Cistenides Gouldii Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 612, pi, 17, figs. 87, 87a, 1874. Shore, in sand. Nicolea simplex Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 613, 1874. Piles of wharf, and eel-grass. Scionopsis palmata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 614, 1874. Piles of wharf. Polycirrus eximius Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 616, pi. 16, fig. 85, 1874. Shore, in sand, and piles of wharf. Fabricia stellaris Blainv. — Fahricia Leidyi Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 619, 1874. Piles of wharf. Hydroides dianthus Ver., Check List, p. 11, 1879 ; Inv. V. S., p. 620, 1674 (Serpula). On piles of wharves, and incrusting living and dead shells of Pecten irradians, Unsatella americana, Littorina Uttorea^ Anomia glabra^ &c.; also on fucus and other objects; especially abundant in the vicinity of the dike. Spirorbis borealis Daud. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 621, 1874. On fucus growing on the piles and floating at the surface; abundant. Clitellio irrorata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 622, 1874. Shore, in sand, near high-water mark. Halodrillus littoralis Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 623, 1874. On the beach, under dead sea-weeds near high-water mark. GEPHYREA. Phascolosoma Gouldii Dies. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 627, pi. 18, fig. 93, 1874. Shore, in sand. ENTEEOP]SrEUSTA. Balanoglossus aurantiacus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 627, 1874. NEMERTINA. Shore, in sand. Tetrastemma dorsalis M'Int. Ver. , Am. Journ. Sci. , vol. x, p. 40, 1875. Piles of wharves. Tetrastemma vermictdus Ehr. (?) Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 184, 1879. Piles of wharves. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125 Lineua viridis Ver., Am. Joum. Sci., vol. x, p. 40, 1875; Inv. V. S., p. 628,1874 {Nc- merles). Piles of wharves. Cerebratulus ingens (Leidy) Ver., Check List, p. 12, 1879; Inv.V. S., p. 630, 1874 ^ {Meckclia). Shore, in sand. Cerebratulus roseus (Leidy) Ver., Check List, p. 12, 1879; Inv.V. S., p, 630,1874 {McckcUa). Shore, in sand. TUEBELLAEIA.* Planocera eUiptica Gir., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 251, 1850. Piles of wharves, and on the shore under bits of wood, &c. Bdelloura Candida Gir. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 634, 1874. Parasitic on Limulus Polyphemus. CEPHALOPODA. OmmastrephesiIlecebrosa(Les.)Ver., Inv.V. S.,p. 634,j|.874.—0. sagittatus Binney , in Gould, Inv. Mass., ed. II, p. 510, 1870. This species is caught in Provincetown Harbor during the summer and early fall in considerable numbers, to use for bait, and is often stranded upon the beaches at low tide. Prof. S. I. Smith and Mr. Oscar Harger, while at Provincetown in 1872, noticed large numbers of this squid about the docks, killing and eating young mackerel. Their obser- vations on the habits and appearance of the creature made at that time are given in the report of the United States Fish Commission foi 1871-'72, pp. 441, 442, 1874. Loligo Pealei Les. Binney, in Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 514, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p 635, 1874. This species was not encountered at Provincetown by the Fish Com- mission, but it is represented in the collection of Mr. J. H. Blake, of that place, by two pens taken from specimens caught in the harbor, in July, 1879. It is not abundant north of Cape Cod, although several speci- mens were procured at Annisquam, on the north side of Cape Ann, by Professor Hyatt, in 1878, and it has also been previously noticed from Massachusetts Bay. GASTEEOPODA. Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say) Stimp. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 641, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 362, 1870 (Nassa). Very common on many of the inner beaches, and extending up to high- tide level. It is especially abundant in places where the brackish water from ponds runs down the face of the beach as it is left uncovered by the tide. * About six species of lihaMocoela were collected, but they have not been determined. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Purpura lapillus (Linn6) Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 360, 1870. Ver , Inv. "V. S., p. G42, 1874. Shore, rare. Anachis avara (Say) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 643, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 313, 1841 ; li, p. 356, 1870 ( Columbella). Eare ; only a single specimen was found by the writer, but others have collected it at Provincetown. Astyris lunata (Say) Dall. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 645, 1874. — Columbella liinata Gould, Inv. Mass., il, p. 359, 1870. Abundant in the eel-grass in front of the town and off the dike. Lunatia heros (Say) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 338, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 646, 1874. Yery common along the entire inner shore, and often picked up dead on the outer beaches. Neverita duplicata (Say) Stimp, Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 345, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 646, 1874. Abundant, associated with Lunatia heros. Littorinella minuta (Totten) Stimp. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 653, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 298, 1870 (Rissoa). Common, shore at low water. Skenea planorbis (Fabr.) Forbes and Hanley. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 296, 1870. Ver. , luv. V. S. , p. 655, 1874. Common on the shore, with Tottenia gemma, Littorinella minuta, &c., and also on the piles of wharves. Littorina littorea (Linn6) Johnston. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 308, 1870. Very abundant on the shore, on piles of wharves, and on eel-grass which is more or less exposed at low tide. Just off the dike it occurs on the eel-grass in countless numbers, and, in common with all the other species of shells in that ^^cinity, is frequently covered with the white calcareous tubes of Hydroides dianthus. Littorina rudis (Maton) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 257, 1841 ; II, p. 304, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 651, 1874.—X. tenebrosa Gould, In 7. Mass., I, p. 2.59; II, p. 306. This is an exceedingly common species on the shore. Littorina palliata (Say) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 260, 1841 ; II, p. 309, 1870. Ver., Inv. V.S.,p.652, 1874. Common on the shore and on piles of wharves among sea-weeds. Lacuna vincta (Mont.) Turton. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 302, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 652, 1874. On the eel-grass, shallow water; not found in much abundance. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127 Bittium nigrum (Totten) Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 321, 1870. Ver. , Inv. V. S., p. C48,'1874. Very abimdaut amongst *the eel-grass, in shallow water in front of the town, and off the dike, and also on the beaches, where it often occurs in immense numbers. Crepidula fomicata (Linn^) Lamarck. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 271,1870. Ver., Inv.V.S.,p.649, 1874. Common, especially in the vicinity of the dike, on shells of Pecten and Ensatella. Crepidula plana Say. Gould, Inv. Mass. , II, p. 272, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 650, 1874. Common off the dike, and also found elsewhere. Crepidula convexa Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 273, 1870. Ver., Inv, V. S., p. 650, 1874. Abundant off the dike, adhering to the surfaces of living and dead shells, to LimuluSj and other objects. Acmaea testudinalis (Miiller) Forbes and Hanley. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 661, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 267, 1870 (Tectura). Eare, shore; variety alveus also found. Odostomia bisuturalis (Say) Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 327, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 656, 1874. Kot uncommon ; eel-grass off the dike, and elsewhere. Odostomia trifida (Totten) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 274, 1841 ; II, p. 328, 1870. Ver. Inv. V. S., p. 656, 1874. Associated with the last, and about equally common. Odostomia dealbata Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 327, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p. 656, lte74. A single specimen only was obtained from the eel-grass off the dike. Melampus lineatus Say, Am. Conch., p. 85, 1822. — Melampus Udentatus Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 467, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 662, 1874 (non Mont.). Abundant, shore, between tides. Onchidoris, sp. An undetermined species of this genus was obtained from sea-weeds on the inner beach at Long Point. Tergipes despectus Aid. and Han. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 667, 1874.—^olis (Tergipcs) despecta Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 248, 1870. From hydroids, on piles of wharves, and sea-weeds of beach. Embletonia fuscata Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 251, 1870. Found among the filamentous green algae in little rills of water on the beaches and sand-flats. Stiliger fuscata Bergh. Ver., Prelim. Check List, p. 23, l^^.—Calliopcea {1) fuscata Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 250, 1870. Associated with Embletonia fuscata. 128 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LAMELLIBEANCHIATA. Teredo navalis Linn6. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 28, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 669, 1874, Very abundant iu the piles at tlie outer end of steamboat wharf, and in other situations. A few years ago about forty feet of the above-men- tioned wharf was so weakened by the borings of this shell-fish that it completely gave way under the weight of a ship's load of merchandise stored upon it. Teredo megotara Hanley. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 30, 1870. Ver,, Inv. V. S., p. 670, 1874. At Provincetown, in cedar buoys (Grould). Teredo dilatata Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 32, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p.670, 1874. From pine buoy attached to lobster pots, at Provincetown (Gould). Ensatella americana (Gould) Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. iii, pp. 212, 284, 1872; luv. V. S., p. 674, 1874. — Solen americanus Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 42, 1870. Many dead adult shells and living young were collected on the sand- flats at low water. Mya arenaria Linn^. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 55, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 672, 1874. Very abundant on the shores and flats; especially so on the broad flats between the town and Wood End Light House, where, in the clean sands, the shells are often of a nearly pure white. Lyonsia hyalina Con. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 64, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 672, 1874. Quite common at low water on the inner shore at Provincetown, and in the inlet behind Eace Point Light House. It was also picked up in extreme abundance on the outer beach at Eace Point. Cochlodesma Leanum (Say) Couth. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 68, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p.673,1874. Dead shells in fresh condition were collected on the outer beach at Eace Point, but not on the inner. Spisula solidissima (Dillw.) Gray. — Mactra soUdiasima Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 73, 1870. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 680, 1 874, Living young and adult dead shells were frequently found on the shore at low water. Ceronia arctata (Con.) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 80, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 679, 1874. Many living specimens were obtained by Prof. H. E. Webster in the inlet behind Eace Point Light House and on the outer beach near the same place ; not known from the inner shore. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129 Cumingia tellinoides Con. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 79, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 079, 1874. Not found by the Fish Commission, but several dead shells were col- lected on the inner beaches by Mr. J. H. Blake, of Cambridge, and Dr. Crocker, of Provincetown. Angulus tener (Say) Adams. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 677, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 97, 1870 (Tellina). Abundant on the shore, low water. Venus mercenaria Linnd. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 133, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. G81, 1874. Eare on the beaches at Provincetown, but very common farther south on the inner shores of the cape, especially in the neighborhood of Well- fleet, where they attain a large size and have the purple coloration of the interior of the shell more than usually intense and widespread. Tottenia gemma (Totteu) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 682, 1874. Very, abundant on the beaches in company with SJceneaplanorbis and Littorinella mrnuta, and also found amongst the eel-grass. The small dark-colored shells of this species are frequently scattered over the white beaches in the greatest i^rofusion, appearing like coarse grains of black sand. But, being lighter than the sand, they are readily blown along by the wind until they collect in large numbers in the lee of any prominence that may present itself, and in the furrows of the beaches. In such places as these several handfuls of pure shells, with little admixture of sand, may often be scooped up. The first specimens of this species obtained by General Totten, its earliest describer, were from the beach at Provincetown. Leevicardium Mortoni (Con.) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 683, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 143, 1870 (Liocardium). Low water, rare. Cryptodon Gouldii (Phil.) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 100, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p.686, 1874. Dead shells frequently found along the beaches; probably lives in shallow water close to the shore, but not dredged in Cape Cod Bay in less than thirteen fathoms, at which depth it was very abundant. Solemya velum Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 48, 1870.—Solenomija velum Ver., Inv.V. S.,p.688,1874. A few dead valves only were picked up on the inner beaches. Astarte castanea Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 117, 1870. Ver., Inv.V. S., p. 685, 1874. Found abundantly in Provincetown Harbor, west and north of the light-house, at low-water mark (Gould). Although searched for at this locality in 1879, no specimens were discovered ; a very Iom' tide is prob- ably required to uncover them. Mr. J. H. Blake says they are also common low down on the inner shore, near Wood End Light. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 9 July 2, 1880. 130 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Argina pexata (Say) Gray. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. G92, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 147, 1870 (Area). Collected on the beacb at Proviucetown (S. I. Smith, 1872). Mytilus edulis Liund. Gould, luv, Mass., II, p. 183, 1870. Ver., Inv.V. S., p. G9'2, 1874. Yery abundant, shore, piles of wharves, attached to floating fucus, &c. Modiola plicatula Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 188, 1870. Ver., luv. V. S.. p. 093, 1874. Very abundant on the flats near high-water mark. Crenella glandula (Totten) Adams. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 194, 1870. Ver., Inv, V.S.,p.C95, 1874. A few fresh, but not living, shells were obtained from the beaches at low water. Proviucetown, at low water (Stimjison, Shells of N". Eng- land). This species was first known to Totten, its describer, from Pro- viucetown. Pecten irradians Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, i). 199, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 695, 1874. This species was formerly very abundant in front of the town, in the patches of eel-grass just below ordinary low-tide level, but at present the full-grown shells are rarely found there. They are, however, still very plentiful off the dike in similar situations. The adult shells rest on the ground amongst the eel-grass, which at low water becomes thickly matted above them, generally quite concealing them. Young shells usually adhere to the eel-grass by. their byssus. Anomia glabra Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. iii, p. 213, 1872; luv. V. S., p. 69(j, 1874. — A. ephipinum, electrica, squamula, Gould {non Liun6). Abundant on the flats in front of the dike, but generally of small size, attached to dead shells of Pecten irradians, Ensatella americana, &c. TUNICATA. Molgula manhattensis Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. i, p. 54, 1871 ; Inv. V. S., p. 699, 1874. Abundant near high-tide level, amongst the grass in the pools left on the shore at low tide ; attached to eel-grass and to floating sea-weeds. Also thrown up in immense numbers on the outer beach at Race Point during heavy storms. Botryllu3 Gouldii Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. i, p. 211, 1871; Inv. V. S., p. 702, 1874. Growing on eel-grass in shallow water and on floating sea-weeds, &c. BRYOZOA. Crisia eburnea Lamour. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 707, 1874. Very abundant on fucus and eel-grass, often associated with Bugula turrita; on eel-grass everywhere in shallow water from the dike to Long Point, and on fucus growing on the piles and floating at the surface. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131 Tubulipora serpens (LiuiKi) Flem., Brit. Anim., p. 529, t. Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph., p. 275, 1847.— T. flabellaris Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 708, 1874. Found very abundantly on the eel-grass in shallow water, forming small rounded clusters. Flustrella hispida (Fabr.) Gray. — Alcyonidium hisjndum Smitt. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 708, 1874. Incrusting floating fucus in the harbor, and probablj' also occurring on the sea-weeds of the piles. Vesicularia, sp. One or two small specimens of a Vesicularia with creeping stem, pos- sibly V. tiva Smitt, were found upon fucus growing upon the piles. Bugula turrita (Desor) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 712, pi. sxsiv, figs. 258, 259, 1874. Very abundant on piles of wharves, eel-grass in shallow water, and on floating fucus; associated with Grisia eburnea. Electra pilosa (Liun6) Fisch., t. Ver., Preliminary Check List Mar. Inv. Atl. Coast, p. 29, 1879. — Memhranipora pilosa Farre, Phil. Trans., p. 412, 1837. Ver., Inv. V.S.,p.712,1874. Incrusting fucus, laminaria, eel-grass, &c , floating in the harbor, and stranded on the beaches. Cribrellina puncturata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, part II, p. 24, 1873. — Escharipora punctata Smitt, Ofvers; af K. Vetens.-Akad. Forh., 18(58, appendix, p. 4. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 713, 1874. On eel-grass, one-half fathom, rare. Hippothoa hyalina (Linn6) Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, part II, p. 40, 1873. — MolUa hijalina Smitt, Ofvers. af K. Vetens.-Akad. Forh., 1868, appendix, p. 16. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 713. 1874. On floating fucus and eel-grass in the harbor, and on the beaches. Lepralia americana Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. ix, p. 415, pi. vii, figs. 4, 5, 1875. — Lepralia Pallasiana Ver. Inv. V. S., p. 713, 1874 (with query; non Busk). Very common 5 incrusting fucus and other sea-weeds on the piles, and also growing on eel-grass in shallow water. ECHINODEEMATA. Leptosynapta Girardii (Pourtales) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 716, 1874. This species is common everywhere about Provincetown, on the sandy beaches between low-tide and half-tide levels, but it is most abun- dant on the sandy flats about midway between the town and Wood End Light House, where large areas are left dry for a considerable time at low water. It also occurs in abundance on the sand-flats inside of Eace Point Light House, on the outer shore. Leptosynapta roseola Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 716, 1874. Provincetown beach, and sheltered inlets back of Race Point, on the outer side of Cape Cod, buried in the sand at low water, and associated 132 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with L, Girardii. Collected at the latter j)lace by Prof. H. E. Webster aud Mr. Benedict. Hitherto known only from New Haven, Conn., and Vineyard Sound (Verrill). Asterias Forbesii (Desor) Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. xi., p. 418, 187G; Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p. 345, 1866; Inv. V. S., p. 718, 1874.—J. arenicola Stimp., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. viii, p. 268, 1862. Ver.,i6id., vol. x, p. 339,1866; luv. V. S.,p. 718, 1874. — Asteracanthion berylinus Ag., A. Ag., Mem. Mns. Comp. Zool., vol. v, No. 1, j). 94, pi. ix, 1877. Very abundant along the shore above and below low-water mark, and on piles of wharves, but always of comparatively small size. A com- parison of the specimens from Provincetown with those obtained from Gloucester in 1878 shows more or less constant diiferences to exist between the two. In the former the spines are generally longer and more acute, sometimes even quite slender, and the pedicellarise appear to be somewhat more numerous, and to vary greatly in their arrange- ment. These differences are, however, of very slight value in this exceedingly variable species. Asterias vulgaris Stimp., MSS. Packard, Can. Nat., Dec, 1863. Ver., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p. 347, 1866; Inv. V. S., p. 718, 1874. Below low-water mark at the outer ends of the long wharves. Amphipholis elegans Ljung. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 720, 1874. — Jmphiura squamata Lyman, lUust. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. I, p. 121, 1865 (non Delle Chiaje, t. Ljung.). Only a few specimens of this Ophiuran were obtained; they were from the eel-grass in very shallow water. ANTHOZOA. Metridium marginatum M.-Edw. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 738, 1874. Common on the mooring posts in the harbor (J. H. Blake). Edwardsia sulcata Vor., Mem. Bos. Soc. N. H., vol. i. No. I, p. 29, 1864. Sand, at low water. Edwardsia pallida Ver. , Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , vol. ii, p. 198, 1879. In sand, at low water. ACALEPH^. Clytia Johnstoni (Alder) Hincks. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 725, 1874. On floating fucus thrown up on inner beach of Long Point. Campaiiularia flexuosa Hincks. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 726, 1874. Abundant on fucus of piles of wharves, &c. Obelia geniculata (Linn6) Allman. Ver., Inv. V. S., p, 727, 1874. On floating fucus stranded on Long Point beach, inner shore. Obelia dichotoma (Linn6) Hincks. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 728, 1874. Very abundant on eel-grass, one-half fathom. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 133 Sertularia pumila Linnd. Vcr. , luv. V. S. , p. 732, 1874. Very common, and growing principally on fucus, on i)iles of wharves; also on floating fucus in the harbor. A very robust variety was col- lected from fiicus stranded on the outer beach at Eace Point. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF KAY (RAIA STEIiliUtiATA) FBOITI ITIONTEREir, CAr.IFORNIA. By DAVID S. JORDA]\ and CHAKLES II. OILBERT. Raia stellulata sp. nov. Allied to Baia radula Delaroche. Disk much broader than long, anteriorly broadly arched, and convex, the tip of the snout very slightly exserted. Anterior margin of pectorals undulated, convex anteriorly, then concave. Length of snout from eyes a little more than twice the width of the interocidar space, which is concave, less than the distance between the outer angles of the spiracles. Breadth of disk equal to the distance from the tip of the tail to the shoulder-girdle. Length of tail equal to the distance from its root to the middle of the interocular area. Male everywhere above rough with stellate prickles, the base of the pectorals being almost smooth. Along the middle region of the back and the whole upper surface of the tail is a band of close-set, rather low prickles, with broad, very distinctly stellate bases. An elongate patch of stout, recurved spines on the anterior part of the pectorals, and farther back the usual series of claw-like spines found in the males of all species. Stout spines above the eye, a few in the middle of the shoulder, and along the middle line of the tail. Sides of the tail with- out large prickles. Lower side smooth, except around the mouth. Female everywhere above rough with stellate prickles, the anterior region, middle of back, and upper surface of tail most so. A median row of strong spines on the tail above, and six on the scapular region. A series of strong spines over the eye. A lateral row of rather strong jjrickles on the tail. Body smooth below, except anteriorly. Tail flat below, with a conspicuous lateral fold. Dorsal fins low, their height equal to the interorbital space, separated by a space considerably shorter than their base. Caudal fin reduced to a very small fold, as in the "genus" Uraptera^ to which this species would be referred in Miiller & Henle's arrangement. Mouth somewhat arched. Teeth not A'ery sharp, tricuspid, about — ^ — Nasal flaps slightly fringed externally. Distance between nostrils about equal to the distance from them to the tip of the snout. Color grayish-brown, everywhere mottled with light and dark colors, the markiugs sharp and distinct. Numerous black spots of all sizes, some of them ocellated. A black spot about as large as the eye at the 134 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. base of each pectoral, each surrounded by a pale ring and in turn by anotlier dark one. Head with black cross-bars. The two sexes entirely similar in color. This species is not uncommon in the Bay of Monterey. We have obtained eight examples, which agree with each other very closely. One of these is a female, about 18 inches in length, in which the ovaries are immature. The other females are about 30 inches in length, and the ovaiies are fully matured, containing eggs. The males are about 30 inches long, likewise bearing evidences of maturity. These speci- mens are now in the United States National Museum. This species is readily distinguished from the two others known from the Pacific coast by its obtuse snout and its rough skin. The Rata binoculata Girard is the common skate of the Pacific coast, and is brought in in large numbers to the San Francisco markets. In color it is uniform light brown, with a black ring near the base of each pectoral, and usually a dusky crescent on each ventral. The pectoral ocellus is often obscure, and sometimes can hardly be traced in pre- served examples; in living specimens it is generally conspicuous. The skin in the male is entirely smooth above, except the anterior edge of the pectorals, the bony part of the snout, and the larger spines on the front part of the pectorals, the supraocular region, a few (one to six) on the scapular region, and a series along the median line of the tail. There are two or three detached spines usually along the side of the tail. The claw-like pectoral spines are also present. The females have, in addition, a lateral series of spines on the tail and some i)rickles on the posterior i)art of the pectorals, the larger spines found on the pectorals of the male being wanting. The actual length of the snout in E. binoculata is not much greater than in B. stellulata, but its form is different, the disk being anteriorly acuminate, bounded by concave lines, its length being more than three times the interocular space. Male and female examj^les of this species, with ripe eggs, or well- developed clasi)ers, are about two feet long. Still another ray is known to us from a female example from Mon- terey about 30 inches in length. It agrees witli B. binoculata in every respect, except in the form of the snout, which is extremely long, acuminate, and pointed, its length nearly four times the interorbital width. The anterior outline of the disk on each side of the snout forms a nearly uniform concave curve, it being scarcely at all undulated. These differences are shown by the aj)pended table of measurements. We consider this at present a variety of Raia binoculata^ although such variations in the length of the snout are unusual in the same species. Still another form is known to us from two exami)les, a male and a female, each about 6 feet in length, taken at Monterey. This form must be considered as the Raia cooperi Girard, as the very imperfect descrip- tion of the latter species agrees in all essential respects with these specimens. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135 Eaia cooperi has the snout acutely produced, rather more so than in R. binoculata, thouf>h less than in the variety referred to, the distance from the eye to the tip of the snout being about twice the interorbital width. The length of the disk is § its width; the tail is § the length of the disk. The female is covered above with small stellate prickles, which are larger over the eye, on posterior edge of pectorals, on ven- trals, the middle line of the back, and on the tail. Prickles on tail in several series. Diflerentiated spines present only over eye and on tail. The male is nearly smooth, its spines essentially as in B. hiiio- culata. Color brown, with paler blotches ; a large, obscure, blackish blotch at base of i^ectoral. This species has scarcely a trace of caudal 44 40" tin, and is therefore likewise an " JJraptera.''^ Its teeth are about ^Yhether this Baia cooperi is a distinct species or merely very old indi- viduals of Raid hinoculata we are now unable to decide. There are no important ditierences, except such as might accompany increased age. Table of measurements. Extreme length, in inches Lenijthof disk, in inches Disli: Greatest width (hundredths of length of disk) Greatest width at front of e.ves Width of snout, midway between eyes and tip of snout. Distance from shout tofirst gill-opening Distimco between tirst gill-openiugs Distance between last gill-openings Distance from first to last gill-openings Width of mouth Width of interorbital space Distance from snout to mouth Diameter of orbit Tail : Length Distance between dorsals Height of first dorsal _ Length of base of tirst dorsal liaia stellulata. ? 17.45 10.10 121 58 41 43 31.5 18 14 IS 8 24 71.5 5 7.5 Eaia binoculata. d 21.6 13.00 106 45.5 16.7 50.5 25.5 14.3 12.8 15 7 2L5 6.2 67 3.8 liaia hinoculata var. ? ? 28.8 18.4 103 41 14 12 15. 5 Monterey, Cal., April 7, 1880. DESCRIPTIOIVM OF IVEIT SPECIES OF XIPIIISTFB AIVD APODICH- THYS, FKOM MOIVTJEBEY, CAX^IFORNIA. By DAVID S. JOBDARf and CHARI.ES H. AY1E> IS. JORDAN ami CHARLES H. GILBERT. Sebastichthys entomelas sp. nov. Allied to *S'. oralis (Ayres). Body oblong, rather elongate, the back regularly but not strongly arched, contracted to a rather slender caudal peduncle. Head moder- ate, the profile less steep than in related species, but the tip of the snout blunter than in ovalis. Mouth small, the short maxillary extend- ing to below the middle of the eye. Lower jaw projecting, its tip enter- ing the profile, but considerably less protruding than in ovalis. Pal- atine teeth few. Preorbital very narrow, without spine. Eye rather large, about 4 in length of head, less thau the interorbital space, which is strongly con- vex, especially in its middle part. ]^asal spines minute. Preocular spine broad, triangular, rather prom- inent, more conspicuous than in mclanops, but raucli less so than in ovalis. Supraocular ridge little develof>ed, its spine minute, sliarp, con- cealed by the scales. Postocular spine present, minute, similarly con- cealed. Ko tympanic spine. Occipital ridges scarcely developed, concealed by the scales, without distinct spine at tip. In ovalis all these spines, though small, are distinct. Iwflavidus there is no trace of any spines on the cranium, and the ridges are little developed. Preopercular spines rather small, directed backwards, the two lower obsolete. Opercular spines small, two suprascapular spines. Scales on PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143 top and sides of head very small, present on maxillary, mandible, pre- orbitai, and snont. Scales on body small, in about 65 transverse series. Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender, their length about half the diameter of the eye. Dorsal spines very low and slender, the fin moderately emarginate, the membrane joining the last spine at about two-fifths its height. Soft dorsal long and low, the soft rays about as high tis the highest spines, a little more than one-third the length of the head. Caudal forked. Anal low, its second spine stronger than third, but scarcely higher, less than two-thirds the lioight of the hrst soft ray. Pectoral fins moderate, not reaching vent, their tips beyond tips of veutrals, their base 3i in length of head. Fin rays: D. XIII, 15; A. Ill, 8. Color rather dull olive-green. Sides with obscure round rusty spots. Belly, lips, and lower parts tinged with creamy. Obscure light and dark shades across cheeks. Traces of two or three obscure dark verti- cal bars. Dorsal dusky, with reddish shades. Caudal dusky, the rays olive. Other fins duskj^, with creamy reddish at base. Lower half of pectoral distinctly reddish. Peritoneum jet-hlacJc. This species is known to us from five specimens taken in deep water outside of Monterey Bay, in comi)any with S. ovalis, ruhrivinctus, elon- fjatus, etc. It is known to the Portuguese fishermen as " Buda:'' Its relations are probably most intimate with ovalis, which differs in the following respects : Ovalis is much deeper and more oval in form, with the back consider- ably more elevated, and the profile much more steep, the lower jaw more protruding. The mouth reaches to the posterior edge of the pupil. The preocular ridge is very strong, forming a large triangular protuberance ending in a spine; small supraocular, postocular, tymi^a- nic, and occipital spines are present, the tympanic spine very minute, but constant. The dorsal fin is very low, the notch between the si)inous and soft parts extremely shallow, the membrane joining the last spine at more than two-thirds its height, the height of the spinous and soft por- tions about equal. The second anal spine is considerably the longest and strongest, scarcely lower than the soft rays. The pectoral fins are long, reaching to the vent. Anal rays, III, 7, or III, 8. The color of this species when adult is olivaceous, strongly tinged with pale creamy red, especially below. The membrane of both dorsals are covered with many small round black spots. Some of these are usually present on the body. The upper fins are greenish, the lower more yellowish, and most of them are more or less dusky-edged. Cau- dal fin rather dark. Peritoneum black. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The remaining species of this type, mclanoj)s, simulans, and Jlavidns, differ in the absence of any distinct spines on the cranium, as well as in color, form, and other pecnliarities. Melanops has the preocular ridge considerably developed, and occasionally ending in a spine. The others have this ridge obsolete. The mouth in simulans and flavidus is consid- erably larger than in the other species. In melanop/s and simulans the tins are slaty black, like the body. In flavidus they are olivaceous, the caudal being distinctly brownish yellow (hence the popular name of Yellow-tail). The peritoneum in fiavidns is pure white, in melanops somewhat dusky. Sebastichthys rhodochloris sp. nov. Allied to S. rosaceus (Girard). Body oblong, more elongate than in rosaceus, the back less elevated, the profile less steep. Mouth comparatively large, but rather smaller than in rosaceus, the maxillary not reaching beyond posterior border of l^upil. Jaws about equal in the closed mouth, the lower with a small symphyseal prominence. Preorbital narrow, with two bluntish i)rojec- tions. Eye very large, longer than the long snout, 3J in head. Spinous ridges on top of head very high, slender, and sharp, more elevated than in rosaceus, chlorostictus, and constellatus, and sharper. N'asal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, and occipital spines present, as in most of the red species. Supraocular ridge long and prom- iuent. Postocular and tympanic s^jines close behind it, sharp and large. Interorhital space very narrow, its width even posteriorly less than length of supraocular spine (in rosaceus considerably more). Inter- orbital.space with two longitudinal ridges, sharp and conspicuous, not covered by the scales, the very narrow interspace between them strongly concave, the spinous ridges strongly divergent behind. Preopercular spines sharp, directed backward, the three upper long and i^ointed, more developed than in rosaceus, less radiating than in chlorostictus. Two sharp suprascapular spines. Opercular spines short and sharp. Gill-rakers about as in rosaceus and clilorostictus, moderately long and slender, much shorter than in cvalis or pinniger, but longer than in nebulosus and ruber, the longest gill-raker about one-fourth the diame- ter of the eye. Dorsal fin still lower than in rosaceus, the membranes little emargin- ate, the longest spine about 2§ in head (in rosaceus 2^). Emargination of dorsal moderate. Soft rays low, the highest about equal to the highest spine. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. Second anal spine proportionately longer than in any other of our species, very strong, curved, its length about equal to that of the max- illary or the base of the soft dorsal, or about half the length of the head. It is higher than the soft rays of the anal. Pectoral fins reach- ing past tips of the ventrals nearly to the anal. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 6. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 145 Scales moderate, in 58 transverse series, the small accessory scales very numerous. Groundcolor briylit clear rose-red, tcithout any trace of ^purplish. Eegion above the lateral line with much deep green, in the form of reticulatnig- streaks. Below the lateral line the green gives place to bright golden yellow, which is similarly mixed with the red. Top of head with cross-bands of green and red, green streaks radiating from the eye, one to snout, one along maxillary, three across cheeks and oijercles, and one across temporal region. Four bright pale i)iiik spots on the sides of the back, arranged as in rofioceufi, connteUatuSj and chlorostictus ; the color brighter than in these species, and entirely devoid of the purplish ling which is found in rosaccus ; one si)ot is under the fourth dorsal spine, one near the lateral line under eighth dorsal spine, one under junction of si»inous and soft rays, aiul me under the last soft ray. The tirst and third of these spots are each surrounded l)y a distinct ring of green. Another pink spot on the tip of the opercle. A distinct pale area behind eye. Dorsal with the rays red and the membranes olive-green. Caudal and anal with the rays red and the membranes golden. Pectorals red, dashed with olive. Ventrals red. Under parts of head and the inside of the mouth i^ale red, unspotted. In 8. rosaceus the red on head above, and around the pink spots on the sides, is distinctly purple-red. The yellow or olive on the back and sides blends with the red instead of forming distinct reticulations, and there is little if any green on the back or fins. The lateral line is clear red, usually not crossed by the olive marks. SehastkhthyH rhodochloris occurs in abundance in the deep waters of the Bay of Monterey. It is a small tish, like 8. rosaceus^ and rarely reaches a weight of more than a pound. It is known to the tishermen of Monterey by the name of "Fly-tish," 8. rosaceus being called " Corsair." One tisherman who j^rocured a number of them for us, on being told that his "Fly-fish" was very much like the "Corsair," summed up the relationships of the two as follows: "You bet it is like it, but it is a different kind of fish." The following species of "rock-fish" were obtained by us in Monte- rey Bay. The names used by the fishermen of Monterey are appended. Most of these are evidently names in use for other species at the Azores, transferred to species of Californian waters: S. paucispinis Meron, Tom-cod, Jack-fish. S. Havidus Yellow-tail. S. simubins S. niehinops Pe^sce Pretre (Priest-fish, from its color). S. entojnelas Buda. S. ovalis Vinva (Widow). Proc. I^at. Mus. 80 10 Jwly S, 1880. 146 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. S. atrovirens Garrupa (Vera). S. pinniger Fliaiim. S. miniatus Easlier. S. auriculatus S. proriger S. eloDgatus Eeila. S. vexillaiis Yellow Garrupa. S. cblorostictus Pesce Vermiglia. S. rhodochloris, Fly-fish. S. rosaceus . . Corsair. S. constellatus Bagre. S. ruber Tambor. S. rubrivinctus Spanish Flag. S. rostrelliger Garrui>a. S. maliger S. carnatus Eed Garrupa. S. nebulosus S. fasciolaris Spotted Garrupa. S. serriceps Tree-fish. Table of measuremenis. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 147 OIV THE OCCIJRREIVCE OF A .«)PE:€IG«4 OF CRElTIIVOBATEiSi AT .SAX 1>IC:00, CAI.IFORIVIA. By ROSA SMITH. Three specimens of a small scaly Bleiiiiy found in those rocky tide- pools which are heavily lined witli algi^e, on March (J, 1S8(). This Bleuny is evidently of rare occurrence, this one xjoint being at present its only known habitat on the Pacific coast of the United States, and these three specimens the only ones I conkl procure. It is accompanied by Oligocottus analis, which in this vicinity is abundant in all rock-pools, by Gibbonsia elegans of a dull color, and by Hypleurochi- his (fentiUs. These specimens were provisionally identified as belonging to Cremno- bates monophilialmus (Giinther) Steindachner {Anchcnopterns monoph- thalmus Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., iii, 275), a species hitherto known from three exam[)les from the Pacific coast of Central America. My specimens differ from Giinther's description in the following partic- ulars: The dorsal fin is continuous, the membrane of the third spme joining the fourth near its summit in two examples, at its first third in the other. The Jiead is proportionally shorter, forming two-ninths of the total length instead of one-fourth, and the body is less elongate, its dei^th forming one-fifth the total length instead of one-sixth. The characters of the San Diegan form of this genus agree more closely with Steindachner's description of Cremnobates affinis (Ichthyologische Beitrage, v, 178), a species considered by its describer as doubtfully distinct from G. monophthalmus. G. affinis is known from one individual taken on the West Indian island of St. Thomas, the proportions and coloration of which accord with my specimens, but this species also has the membrane from the third dorsal spine joining the fonrtli at its base ("die Membrane des dritten letzten Strahles setzt sich an die Basis des foigenden ersten Stachels des zweiten Dorsales an"). If the specimens from San Diego j)rove to be of a distinct species, which seems probable, they will be separated fj-om those already known by the single merely emarginate dorsal fin, instead of two separate fins. In any event, the genus Grcmnobates furnishes an interesting addition to the fauna of our Pacific coast. Cremnobates integripinnis sp. uov. Description.—The body is oblong, compressed. The head is less than the fourth of the total length, which measures two inches and an eighth. Gape of mouth oblique, the maxillaries reaching a vertical line intersecting posterior rim of orbit. Head conical, thickish, with the orbits placed far forward, small fringed tentacles on their superior margins, a tentacle on i)osterior margin of anterior nostril, and i)almate tentacles on occiput. A cusp or spine on opercle. Dorsal continuous, composed wholly of spines of nearly equal height 148 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. throughout, the first and second spines a little higher than the third, which is rather higher than the fourth, the third and fourth somewhat separated, but connected by membrane nearly as high as that connect- ing fourth and fifth, the other spines gradually increasing in height backward. The three anterior spines less stiff than the others. The two anal spines are connected by a membrane to the soft part of that lin, the anterior insertion of which is about midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. The caudal is jjosteriorly rounded, its inter- radial membrane being emarginate; the membrane of the last dorsal spine joins the base of the first ray of the caudal, while the latter is free from anal, the free tips of which extend beyond base of caudal. Pectorals fan-like, their extremities reachiug a vertical line intersect- ing vent. Brauchiostegal membranes continuous under throat. Body covered with conspicuous cycloid scales, which are smaller on the belly. I^o scales on head or fins. Lateral line of thirty-eight scales, beginning on the scapular region, running anteriorly very high, abruptly curving around pectorals, and pursuing a straight course on the median line of the side to the tail. Teeth rather strong, conical, in a narrow band; a single series of rather strong teeth on vomer. Color varies in three individuals: one is a dark brownish gray, another, of equal size (2| inches long), is lighter; while a third, of 1^ inches in length, is lavender in color. The markings are similar on all my specimens, each being macnlated and obscnrely barred with a darker shade of its own color; the dorsal region is always darkest, and each individual has an ocellated spot, black, with narrow pale edging on posterior portion of dorsal fin. Dorsal and anal fins each with narrow l)ale edging. Pectoral fins reddish violet at base, with a black crescent around it, the rest of the fin pale, with dark cross-bars. Ventrals barred. Caudal with a dark bar at base, the rest of the fin translucent, with narrow dark bars formed of spots. Table of measurements. Length : Total, iu inches 2. 05 To base of caudal, iu iucTies 100= 1. 70 Bofly, greatest depth : . . 23 Head : Length 26 Diameter of eye 7.5 Length of maxillaiy 11 Dorsal fin : Total length 80 Distance from snout , 21 Length of anterior part 9 Height of first spine 6 Height of second spine 7 Height of third spine 4 Height of fourth spine 3 Height of highest spine 7.5 Height of membrane connecting third and fourth spines 1.8 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149 Anal fin, distance from snout 4.7 Caudal, length 18 Pectoral, length 24 Ventral, length 17 Fin rays : Dorsal XXXII Anal 11,20 Scales in lateral line 38 The specimeDS have been presented to the United States National Museum. ^ San Diego, Cal., A2)ril 10, 1880. ON SOITIE: NE^V species of eocene MOI.I.USCAFKOM THE SOVTH- EBN UNITED STATES. By ANOELO HEILPRIIV. A part of the species herein described have been for several past years among the collections of the United States National Museum. Those which are mentioned as coming from Texas were collected by Mr. G. W. Marnoch, who sent them some years ago to Dr. C. A. White, and were by the latter gentleman presented to the National Museum. The num- ber following the description of each species is that by which it is re- corded in the museum register. PLEUEOTOMA, Lam. Pleurotoma pagoda, n. sp. Plate, tig. 1. Veutricose; whorls about nine, the body-whorl nodulated on its most convex portion (nearly central), the nodulation consisting of a single series of sharp, obtusely-pointed, and flattened spines or nodes, which frequently appear double by the crossing of an impressed line over their basal portion; upper volutions with a similar series of nodes almost im- mediately above the sutural line, and gradually dwindling offinto acren- ulation; upper siu-face of the whorls concave, faintly striated, thesinual rugai indicating but a faint sinus ; lower surface with numerous well- develoi^ed revolving lines, which show a tendency to alternate. Aper- ture exceeding the spire in length, considerably contracted at about its center. Length, 1^ inch. (No. 1505.) Eocene of Alabama. This species in its general appearance greatlj' resembles certain forms of Fusus, and a comi^arison of more numerous specimens may show it to belong to that genus, although the ornamentation of the whorls, as Avell as the sinual indication, more clearly point to Pleurotoma. The 150 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i only two specimens in the collection have the outer lip fractured, and I \ am therefore unable to pronounce conclusively upon the presence of a true uot<;h. Pleurotoma venusta, n. sp. Plate, fig. 2. Slender, acuminate ; whorls about nine, convex, ornamented by numer- ous fine revolving lines, which on the body-whorl are disposed in pairs; one deeply' impressed line margins the majority of the volutions imme- diately below the suture ; sinnated lines of growth not prominent; si)ire and aperture of about equal length. Lengtl), l-l inch. (No. 1509.) Jackson, Miss. Pleurotoma platysoma, n. sp. Plate, fig. 3. Whorls ? in number, flattened, each volution following the other al- most in direct continuation without any prominent sutural division, and ornamented with numerous revolving lines, which on the caudal portion of the body whorl tend to alternate, a fine line interposing itself between the more prominent ones ; ajjerture.probably a little more than one-third the length of the entire shell ; notch deep, sigmoidal. Length, 2 inches ? (No. 891C.) Atascosa County, Texas. EUCHEILODON, Gabb. EUCHEILODON CRENO-CARINATA, n. Sp. Plate, fig. 4. Whorls subscalariform, flattened above, the angulation formed by a doubly crenulated carina; volutions ornamented by numerous revolving, profoundly elevated stri^, which are decussated by the much finer sinu- ated lines of growth ; the upper or flattened portion with a prominent beaded line bordering the suture, and two (a finer and a coarser line) intermediate ones between the same and the carina; outer lip grooved within, and probably sharply crenulated by the terminations of the re- volving striiie; columella with about eleven beads, which decrease in size from above downwards. Aperture nearly equal in length to the spire? Length of fragment, 1 inch. (No. 8921.) Jackson, Miss. SCALARIA, Lam. SCALARIA UNILINEATA, U. Sp. Plate, fig. 5. Whorls about nine in number, convex, with numerous very faint, almost invisible, revolving lines, and much more ijrominent transverse PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 151 ones (about 24 on the body-wborl) ; two very distinct revolving lines on the last volution, the upi>er one placed at about the middle, the lower one subcariuating it (only the upper of these two lines is seen on the remaining- whorls, appearing there as a central line) ; base striated by revolving lines, and radially by the continuations of the transverse lines ; apperture elliptical, somewhat i>roduced distally. Length, f inch. (No. 8920.) Jackson, Miss. FUSUS, Lam. Subgenus Steepsidura, Swainson. FuSUS MARNOCHI, n. Sp. Plate, fig. 6. Volutions seven or eight, the earlier three or four convex, the remain- der flattened; body-whorl subangulate; suture impressed; aperture less than one-half the length of shell, the canal sharply twisted ; col- umella with a pseudo-fold following the curve of the canal. The whorls in the single specimen before me are destitute of ornamentation, but some traces of the former existence of revolving lines are apparent. Length, f inch. (No. 8917.) Atascosa County, Texas. Named after Mr. G. W. Maruoch, through whom this and other spe- cies of older Tertiary Texas fossils have been obtained. TEREBEA, Lam. Terebra plicifera, n. sp. Plate, fig. 8. Turreted; whorls ? in number, flattened, rapidly decreasing in size from the base "upwards, and ornamented by numerous broad and prom- inently defined plicie, having a sigmoidal flexure; an impressed line on the ui)ijer portion of each volution produces a subsutural ring or band, over which the plica? and ( orresponding sulci are continued, and which occasionally tends to become double from the j)reseuce of a second im- pressed line. Bodj'-whorl with two elevated revolving lines on its basal angulation; base radiately and longitudinally striated; aperture? (bro- ken in all specimens). Length? (No. 8919.) Atascosa County, Texas. CEASSATELLA, Lam. Crassatella declivis, n. sp. Plate, fig. 9. Very inequilateral, somewhat inflated anteriorly, the posterior dorsal margin descending very obliquely to the extremity, which is subcunei- 152 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. form ; anterior margin descendin o- rather abruptly, obtusely rounded j basal margin somewhat sinuous posteriorly. Surface deeplj^ sulcated for tlie greater portion, the sulci mainly disappearing on the umbonial slope, where they give place to finely crowded strioe; aj^ex acute 5 mus- cular impressions impressed; margin minutely crenulated. Length, If inches. (No. 2490.) Aquia Creek, Virginia. Apeil 25, 1880. ©ESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW^ AG®lVOII> FI!^H (BRACHVOPSIS XYOSTER- IVUS), FBOITI MONTEREV BAY, CAt.IFOK]VIA. By DAVIO S. JORDAIV and CMARUCS II. GILBERT. Brachyopsis xyosternus sp. nov. Form of head and body as in Bracayopsis verrucosus Lockington. Body elongate, depressed, broadest at the shoulders, thence tapering rapidly to the snout, and gradually and evenly to the tail. Snout broad, obtuse, depressed, its sides parallel. Mouth terminal, very oblique, the lower jjw much the longer, its tip projecting upward above the upper profile of the snout. Mandible very broad, its greatest depth one-third its length, maxillary reaching to half way between front of orbit and pupil. A long barbel three-fourths the diameter of the orbit at its end. Premaxillaries anteriorly above the level of the i)upil. Jaws with bands of villiform teeth. Vomer and palatines with slight asperities. Nasal spines i^resent. No spines on top of cranium. Interorbital space broad, concave, from the elevation of the supraocular ridges. Preorbital with two spines. A sharj) spine on the suborbital at lower posterior margin of eye. Preopercle with four processes, the upper one a sharj) sj^ine. Opercle striate, without spine. Top of head and the upper parts of the body without the small prickles Avhich are found in B. verrucosus. Oc- cipital pit obsolete. No isthmus, the gill membrane united across the breast. No slit be hind the last gill. Body with the usual eight series of long keeled plates. Each keel terminating in a strong spine hooked backward, strife radiating in every direction from the spine. Dorsal series of i^lates 32, 6 before the spinous dorsal, 6 along its base, 4 between the two dorsals, 5 along the base of the soft dorsal, and 11 behind it. The two dorsal series uniting immediately behind the soft dorsal, the resultant single series round, with radiating strise, the kee- and spine obsolete. The two abdominal series similarly unite close be- hind the anal fin. The plates in the upper lateral series diminish in size forward, becom- ing very small anteriorly. The lower lateral series becomes broader for- wards as the other series decreases. It terminates abruptly opi)Osite PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 153 tbe origin of the seoond dorsal. In the lower lateral series are 29 plates, in the abdominal series 30, 10 before the anal, 8 along its base, and 11 behind it. Breast without distinct plates, but entirely covered with minute tubercles) each of which has a central spine. A series of five plates in front of the base of the pectorals, four of them armed with hooked spines. Fin rays : D. VI-G ; A. 8 ; V. I, 2. Lowest rays of pectorals not so short as in B. verrucosus, the lower- most two-thirds the length of the longest (in B. verrucosus two-sevenths). Pectorals barely reaching front of anal. Ventrals much shorter than in B. verrucosus, the tips reaching slightly more than half the distance to the anal fin (beyond front of anal in B. verrucosus). Inner ray of ventrals very little longer than the outer, tbe connecting membrane narrow (very broad in verrucosus). Vent but lit- tle behind ventrals. Coloration.—Upper parts dusky ; mandible, cheek, and subopercle sil- very. Belly pale, with reddish tint. Lower half of pectoral reddish at base, the rest of tbe fin thicklj' dusted with black points. Ventrals red- dish. Dorsal membrane immaculate, the rays punctulate with black. Caudal blackish. Anal reddish anteriorly, dusky behind. This species is related to Brachyopsis verrucosus, lately described by Mr. Lockiugton, differing, however, in several important respects, espe- cially («) in the presence of small prickles on the breast instead of the large wart-like plates characteristic of verrucosus, (b) in the short ven- tral tins, (c) the absence of small prickles on the plates of the body, {d, . the smaller number of plates, (e) the shorter vertical fins, (/) the long maxillary barbel, and (g) the deep mandible. Brachyopsis verrucosus is comparatively common in the open water be- tween Point Eeyes and the Farallones, and is frequently brought in in the trawl-nets. Brachyopsis xyosternus is thus far known onlj^ from a specimen found on the beach at Santa Cruz by Dr. C. L. Anderson, and presented by him to the United States National Museum. The genus to which these two species belong is well separated from Agomis by the absence of an isthmus, as well as by the entirely different form of the mouth and anterior portion of the head. Whether they are congeneric with the type of Brachyopsis Gill {Agonus rostratus Tilesius, from Kamtschatka) is yet to be i^roven. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TaMe of measurements—Continued. Head: Length of maxillary Leiiutli i)t' mandible Depth of iiiaiuliblo Diaiiu-U'i- of orbit Length of maxillary barbel Dorsal (sinnons) : Distance from snout Greatest liei<;bt . T +1, „f i^„„.^ S to end of membraneLensth of base ^^ ^,^^^ ^ . ^ Dorsal (soft) Lengtbofbasejl--^to end of membrane. ray Lenstb of base ^ *" '*'- \ to : Heigbt of luni;cst ray , Anal: Distance from snout to end of membrane, i last ray Hei.t';ht of longest ray Caudal, leniTth ". Pectoral, lengtb Ventral : Distance from snout Lengtb Dorsal rays *. Anal ravs Pectoral lays Ventral rays iXumber of tul'i's in lateral line Number of jilaN s In dorsal series Number of plates in lower lateral series . . . Xyostcrnus, Santa Cruz. Verrucosus, Panta Keyes. 7.5 12 2.5 6 1 25.5 13.5 12 52 24 10 1G.5 24.5 28 29.5 IX-7 11 14 1,2 37 35 35 Santa Cruz, Cal., April 20, 1880. DESCKIPTBOIV OF A IVETT FliOlJIVRER (HIPPOCJliOi^SOIDES EXII.IS), FBOITI THE COAST OF CALSFOKMA. By B>AVIB> S. JOKDAN and CIIARI.ES SI. GILJSEKT. Hippoglos3oides exilis sp. nov. Eyes and color on the right side. Body elong-ate, comparatively slender, rather closely comiiressed ; the dorsal outline more curved than the ventral, and neither strongly arched; the body tapering backwards into a slender caudal peduncle, which is considerably longer than deep. Greatest depth about one-third the length to base of caudle. Head moderate, not obtuse, the outline of the snout continuous with the descending profile of the back. Mouth not large, very oblique, the upperjaw with its margin on each side concave, the lower jaw correspond- ingly convex. Lower jaw slightly protruding, with a distinct sym- l^hyseal knob. Maxillary rather narrow, its posterior end obliquely truncate, not extending quite to opposite the middla of the pupil. Pre- maxillary anteriorly on the level of the interorbital space. Teeth all conical, the upper jaw with tvvo distinct series; outer series of teeth smaller than in the other siiecies of Hippoglossoides^ not large anteriorly, and becoming quite small posteriorly. Teeth of the inner series quite small, closel}' and evenly set. Lower jaw with a single PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 155 series of close-set teeth, much smaller than iu the outer series of the upper jaw. Ej'es large, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper, their diam- eter two-sevenths of the length of the bead. The upper eye with some vertical range, but not encroaching on the dorsal line. Interorbital space a very narrow sharp ridge, with three rows of small scales, a slight ridge connecting it with the lateral line. A series of mucous pores around lower eye behind. About 8 scales iu a series obliquely across the cheeks. Gill-rakers rather slender, shorter than in the other species of this genus, but similar iu form, compressed, toothed on the inner edge, somewliat curved forwards. About 10 of them below the angle of the arch, the longest not one-third the diameter of the eye. Scales comparatively large, very much larger than in the other species of Hippof/lossokles, thin, almost membranaceous, and somewhat readily deciduous, their edges conspicuously ctenoid, but much less rough than in Il.jordam. In the latter species the scales are of much firmer texture, and their cilia are spine-like and stiff. The character of the scales is similar to that of Athercsthcs stumias, which this species also simulates in form and color. Scales on the head entirely similar to those on the botly, but somewhat smaller. Tliose on left side also similar, but less strongly ctenoid. They are, however, considerably rougher than on the blind side in related species. Lateral line very prominent, its tubes coarse. It is straight behind, slightly and regularly" rising anteriorly, without trace of arch or con- vexity. Eays of both dorsal and anal fins extensively scaly on both sides. Scales extending high up on all the fins. Scales 16-71-18 (42-125-13 in Hippoglossoides jordani) . Fins low, rather fragile, the rays set well apart. Dorsal tin beginning immediately in front of the pupil, its anterior rays very low, the highest rays much behind the middle of the fin, their height much less than the length of the caudal peduncle, and but little more than the diameter of the eye. Anal fin similar to the dorsal, but rather higher, preceded by a spine whi(.'h is shorter than in II. jordani. Caudal fin long, somewhat pointed, the middle rays unusually pro- duced. Pectoral fins small, little more than half the length of the head, that of the left side less than a third. Ventral fins both lateral, small, not reaching to the anal spine. Fin rays : D. 78 ; A. G2 ; Y. 6. Color i)ale olivaceous brown, rendered darker by black punctulations, which form an edging around each scale, sometimes with a few very faint bronze sj^ots. Fins somewhat dusky, especially the caudal and 156 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. pectoral ; dorsal and anal edged with yellowish anteriorly ; ventrals with considerable light yellow. This species is known to us from upwards of a hundred specimens taken in sweep-nets between the Golden Gate and Point Eeyes. All the specimens are small, ranging from 8 to 12 inches in length. Its abundance, in the San Francisco market at least, seems to be con- fined to the month of April. Its relations are not intimate with the two species of this genus pre- viously known — H. platessoides of the North Atlantic and H.jordcmi of the North Pacific. From both it differs in the elongate form, much larger scales, fevv^er fin rays, smaller teeth, «&c. With H. jordani, which inhabits the same waters, it agrees in scarcely any respect, excepting in the characters of the genus Mijjpoglossoides, i. e., the large mouth, conical teeth, ctenoid scales, simple, straight, lateral line, convex caudal, dextral eyes, &c. Table of measurements. Extreme length, in inches Length to base of caudal, in inches ^^t-. 100. . Body : (Greatest height Least height Length of caudal peduncle Head: Greatest length Width of interorbital area Length of snout Length of orbii Length of maxillary Length of mandible Length of longest giU-raker Dorsal : Distance from snout Greatest height Anal Distance from snout Height at longest ray Caudal: Length of middle rays Length of outer rays Pectoral: Right side, length Left side, length Ventral, right side, length Dorsal rays Anal rays Scales in lateral line Scales in transverse row above lateral line Scales in transverse row below lateral Hue Exilis. Jordani. 10.25 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW IIVVEKTEBRATE FOSSII^S FROI?I TFTE MESOZOIC AIVE> €ENOZOIC RO€KS OF ARKANSAS, Wl'OIVIINC}, C'OJIL- ORADO, AIVE> UTAH. By C. A. TVHITE. The fossils described in the following paragraphs are among the col- lections of the National Museum. All except one species h.ive been selected for description from among the collections that were made under the auspices of the surveys formerly in charge, respectively, of Professor Powell, Dr. Hayden, and Captain Wheeler. Two of them, CalUanassa ulrichi and Sjxirorbis diclhauti, are embraced in a small Col- lection of Cretaceous fossils sent to the National Museum from near Li"-- tie Kock, Ark., by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, of Cincinnati, Ohio. MOLLUSCA. CONCHIFERA. Genus PTERIA Scopoli. Subgenus OXYTOMA Meek. Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta (sp. nov.). Avicida I'mgnifcrmis White, 1876 (not Sliinnard), Powell's Rep. Geol. Uiuta Mts., p. 95. Shell r:ither small, appearing to be nearly erect, but the axis is slightly obliijue to the hinge-line ; both valves convex, but the right one less convex than the left ; hinge-line long, much longer than the axial length of the shell ; posterior wing large, its extremity acutely angular and moderately prominent; anterior wing comparatively large, prominent, obtusely j^ointed, defined from the body of the shell by a sinus or furrow in both valves, the direction of which forms a slightly obtuse or nearly right angle with the hinge-line ; front, exclusive of the anterior wing, nearly perpendicular the margin forming a nearly regular curv'e from the front all the way around to the posterior side, where it is flexed with a backward carve to meet the extremity of the hinge-line ; umbones somewhat prominent, especially that of the left valve. Surface having a nearly smooth ai)pearance, but the lens reveals the presence of some- what regularly disposed concentric lines. Length of hinge-line, 32 millimeters; axial length of the shell, 2G millimeters. (Museum No. 8771.) This shell was formerly referred by me {loc. cit.) to the Avicula lingui- formis of Shumard, but it differs from that sp:^3ies by having larger wings, a much longer hinge-line, and a much less oblique axis. It may be compared with P. (0.) salinensis White, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 29G, pi. 5, figs. 1 and 2; but it differs in being less robust, having 158 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. proportionaUj larger wings, narrower body, and a more nearly erect axis. Position and locality.—^Lower Potato Valley, Southern Utali, where it was obtained by Prof. J. W. Powell from Cretaceous strata. Genus SOLEMYA Lamarck. SOLEMYA BILIX (sp. nOV.). Shell about two and a half times as long as high, broader anteriorly than posteriorly ; both ends rounded, the posterior one more narrowly so than the other ; both dorsal and basal margins gently convex or nearly straight; test thin and fragile; valves moderately convex from above downward, the greatest convexity in that direction being near the dor- sum ; beaks, having the usual inconspicuous character common to the genus, situated near the posterior end; ligament necessarily short, but apparently well developed, and resting upou a fulcrum of support of the usual character in each A^alve. Surface bright and, besides the usual lines of growth, marked by numerous faint radiating lines, which are visible to the unassisted eye, but are satisfactorily seen only under a lens, nearly uniformly distributed over the whole surface, but ujion the middle portion they are arranged in pairs. Length, 20 millimeters ; height at the broadest part, which is in front of the middle, 8 millimetres. (Museum Xo. 8913.) This is plainly a characteristic species of Solemya, but the only fossil species with which it need be compared is S. suhplicata Meek & Hay- den, from the Fox Hills Cretaceous of the Upper Missouri. It differs from that species in being proportionall}^ broader in front, in the charac- ter and uniformity of distribution of its radiating striae, and in wanting the subplicate character of the front portion. The extension of the epi- dermis has not been observed, but in other respects this s]iecies may be compared with the living S. velum Say in general form, and in the pair- ing of its radiating lines. Position and locality.—Cretaceous strata, associated with Mactra holmesii {=Gyrenaf holmesii Meek), about four miles north of Golden, Colo., where it was obtained by Mr. W. H. Holmes. These strata were for- merly supposed to belong to the Lignite series (Laramie), but they are marine Cretaceous, as I have shown in An. Eep. U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr, for 1877, pp. 193-196. Genus LUCINA Brugui^-e. LUCINA PEOFUNDA (sp. nOV.). Shell subcircular or subpentahedral ; valves not very convex ; pos- terior side truncate, narrower than the anterior; basal border having its margin more abruptly convex at its middle than towards the front and rear; dorsal margin short, nearly straight; front margin having a nearly PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159 regular ciu'vej beaks small, submedially located, distinct but iucou- spicuous; umbonal ridge slightly developed, curved, passing near the dorsal and posterior borders. Surface marked by the usual concentric lines of growth. Length, 20 iniHimeters; height, from base to beaks, 18 millimeters. (Museura No. 8362.) This species is readily recognizable by its comparatively narrow pos- terior side, its deeply convex basal border, and slight convexity of the valves. Fosition and locality.—Cretaceous strata, Monument Creek, Colorado, where it was obtained by Dr. A. C. Peale. GASTEROPODA. Genus PLANORBIS Guettard. Planorbis ^qualis (sp. nov.). Shell rather small, coiled nearly in a i)lane, apparently sinistral; whorls apparently 4 or 5, in close contact but only slightly involute, broadly convex upon the j)erii)hery, but their sides more narrowly con- vex, their transverse diameter greater than that which corresponds with the plane of the coil. Surface marked by a considerable number of revolving raised lines or slight angulations, which are crossed by the usual lines of growth. Diameter of the full coil of the largest example discovered, G milli- meters. (Museum No. 8909.) This is apparently the only species of typical biumbilicate Planorhis that has yet been discovered among the fossil fresh-water fauniTB of the Western region, and it therefore needs no detailed comi)arison. Fosition and locality.—Green Kiver Group, Eocene, Henry's Fork of Green Eiver, Southern Wyoming. Subgenus GYRAULUS Agassiz. Planorbis (Gyraulus) militaris (sp. nov.). Shell very small, dextral, depressed -convex above, umbilicate below; volutions two and a half to three and a half, convex on all sides exce])t the inner, which is very narrowlj^ flattened against each preceding coil; suture deeply impressed both above and below ; surface marked bj' com- paratively coarse lines of growth. Diameter of the full coil of the larger examjiles in the collection, 4 millimeters. (Museum No. 8594.) This form was noticed but not named by me in vol. iv, U. S. Expl. & Sur. West of the 100th Merid., p. 210. At that time I was not sat- isfied as to the mature condition of these shells, but by careful examina- 160 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tion of a larger number of exami>les there seems to be no reason for doubt upon that point. The subgenus Gyrauius has not heretofore been published as occurring among our large fossil pulmonate moUuscan faunae of the West, but at least two other species probably exist there, one in the Bear Eiver (Lar- amie) strata, and the other in those of the Green Eiver Group. Position and locality.—Head of Soldiers' Fork, Utah, where they were obtained by one of the parties of the survey in charge of Lieutenant Wheeler. The true age of the strata is not at present definitely known, but it is understood to be either that of the upper i)ortion of the Lara- mie or the'lower portion of the Wahsatch Group. Genus LIMN^A Lamarck. Subgenus LEPTOLIMNEA Swainson. • LiMN^A (Leptolimnea) minuscula (sp. nov.). Shell rather small, moderately attenuate; spire much longer than the aperture; volutions six or seven, moderately convex, the distal border very narrowly appressed against each preceding coil; aperture small, elongate, subovate; columellar fold distinct, but not large. Surface marked by distinct lines of growth, but no revolving lines have been detected. The only two examples of this species that have been discovered are broken, but the full length of the larger one is estimated at 9 millime- ters; diameter of last volution, 3 millimeters; length of aperture, 3^ millimeters. (Museum No. 8907.) Position and locality.—From strata belonging to either the basal por- tion of the Green River Group or the upper portion of the Wahsatch Group, about three miles east of Table Eock Eailroad station, Southern Wyoming, where it is associated with Planorhis cirratus White, and also a small Limnseid that is probably referable to Acella Haldeman. Genus HELIX Linnaeus. Subgenus PATULA Haldeman. Helix (Patula) sepulta (sp. nov.). Shell convex above; umbilicus moderately wide; volutions about six, convex upon all sides' except the inner; suture impressed ; surface reg- ularly but minutely ribbed, the ribs having the same direction as the lines of growth. All the examples discovered are distorted by pressure, but the diam- eter of the full coil of the largest example was about 12 millimeters and its full height about 7 millimeters. (Museum No. 8908.) Position and locality.—The coal-bearing series of strata at Evanston, Wyo., where it is associated with //. evanstonensis White and other forms. These strata belong either to the upper part of the Laramie or the lower portion of the Wahsatch Grouj). PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161 ARTICDLATA. VERMES. Genus SPIRORBIS Lamarck. Spirorbis? dickhauti (sp. uov.). Shell discoid, one side being nearly flat and the other broadly um- bilicate; volutions about five, partiallj^ embracing but all of them visible, somewhat rugose but increasing in size with considerable regularity ; peripheral side of the volutions flattened or gently convex, having a single revolving raisedrline along its middle and another similar one at each border, where it sharpens the angularity between the lateral and peripheral sides; outer portion of both the lateral sides of the volutions concave, and the inner portion convex, giving the last-named portion a greater transverse diameter than the outer portion, the larger part of which is embraced by the next succeeding volution ; aperture small, round, and apparently, but not really, contracted. The cavity being round, the outer portion of the test only partakes of the irregu- larity described, and seems to have' been deposited as an encrustation upon the first-formed inner portion, that of adjacent volutions seeming to blend, obscuring the suture. Besides a considerable degree of rugosity, the surface shows under the lens a peculiar granular or rather an etched appearance. Greatest diameter of the full coil of the largest example discovered, 9 millimeters ; greatest diameter of the outer volution, near the aper- ture, 2^ millimeters. (Museum No. 9073.) In size and general aspect this species resembles 8. rotulus Morton sp., from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, but although doubtless con- generic, it differs from that species in the character of its surface orna- mentation, and in having a round instead of quadrangular aperture. This shell is referred to the shell-bearing worms and not to the mollusca on account of the peculiar character of the test. It probably does not strictly belong to the genus Spirorbis, but it is regarded as at least a closely related form. Position and locality.—Cretaceous strata near Little Eock, Ark., where it was obtained by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, and also by Mr. H. E. Dickhaut, in whose honor the specific name is given. CRUSTACEA. Genus CALLIANASSA Leach. Callianassa TJLRicni (sp. nov.). Hand quadrate, flattened; inner face less convex than the outer; both upper and lower edges acute, the lower one more so thun the upper, and finely crenulate; fixed finger slender, plain, its transverse section sub- Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 11 Aug. S4, 1 § §0. 162 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. triangular, gently curved, shorter than the hand; movable finger larger and stronger than the fixed one, having a moderately strong prominent ridge upon the inner side, between the front end of which and the ex- tremity of the finger there is sometimes a distinct tooth. Surface nearly smooth, but some examples are granulate about the middle of both sides of the hand, and several small foramina are observable along the upper margin of the movable finger. Length of hand, 13 millimeters; breadth, 10 millimeters; thickness, 4 milbmeters. (Museum No. 8910.) Position and locality.—This species has been sent to the United States National Museum by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, in whose honor the specific name is given. He obtained it from Cretaceous strata near Little Kock, Ark. Associated with it, besides certain characteristic Cretaceous mollusca, there are several separate movable fingers which plainly belong to an- other decapod crustacean ; but although complete in themselves, they constitute too small a portion of the animal to satisfactorily base a specific description upon them. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 163 A CATAI.OCIJC OF THE BIRDS OF IVORTH A.tlFRICA. By ROBERT RIDOTVAY. INTRODUCTION. During the interval of twenty-one years which has elapsed since the publication of the last Smithsonian catalogue,* a great advance has naturally been made in our knowledge of North American ornithology; and so numerous and important are the changes which have resulted, through additions of new species, rectilications of synonymy, etc., that a new list seems desirable to take the place of the old one. The total apparent number of species given in the old catalogue has been increased only from 738 to 764, a slight numerical discrepancy which it is necessary to explain. From the catalogue of 1859 there have been eliminated no less than G2 names, which are either not entitled to a place in the North American fauna or which have been degraded to varietal or sub-specific rank, the number of the species in the latter case being here simply duplicated as many times as there are varieties of a species. To offset this large reduction, 59 valid new species have been described since 1859, and 77 added, or restored, to the fauna, the acces- sions thus numbering 127 species, or 05 more than the eliminations. The forms considered to be of merely subspecific rank number IGO, which, added to the 764 valid species recognized, gives a total of 924 definable forms composing the North American avian fauna, as now understood.! It is found impracticable to here distinguish, in all cases, between * Two catalogues of North American birds have been issued by the Smithsonian In- stitution, as follows : (1) Catalogue of North American Birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. October, 1858. 4to, paper. 1 p. 1., pp. xvii- Ivi. [Reissue, with new title-page, of pp. xvii-lvi of Vol. IX, Pacific R. R. Reports (" Birds of North America"). Includes, besides the list of 7:>8 species, with habitats, tables of the higher groups, and lists of extralimital species ('^3 in number) treated in the general report, and of others (31) claimed, on apparently insufficient grounds, as North American; also a summary of the number of species given in the works of Wilson, Bonaparte, and Audubon. ] (2) Catalogue of North American Birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Spencer F. Baird. First octavo edition. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 108.] 1859. Svo. 2 p. 11., pp. 19 -j- 2. [Essentially the same as the quarto list, but without habitats, and the matter relating to classification, etc. The two additional pages are an alphabetical index of the North American gerera. As in the quarto list, there are, ostensibly, 738 species, but 22 numbers are duplicated, making a total of 760 names in the list.] T A fuU analysis of the changes made in this catalogue is given on pages 213-234. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. species which are truly or peculiarly IS'orth American and those which are more properly visitants from other countries; but in the case of those whose occurrence appears to be accidental or occasional, the nnm- her preceding the name is inclosed in brackets. Of the latter class, species which there is good reason to believe did not reach our limits through natural means (i e., those escaped from confinement) have been,^ in every case, carefully excluded, as have likewise all introduced species. It has been deemed best, in view of the recent discoveries along our southwestern border, to retain as North American all the species (less than a dozen in number) treated by Professor Baird in Volume IX, Pacific Eailroad Reports ("Birds of North America"), and likewise given in the old catalogue, ou account of their having been obtained just across the boundary, in Northern Mexico ; their discovery within our limits being quite certainly only a question of time and investigation. For the same reason, the remaining few of Giraud's "Sixteen New Species of Texan Birds"* are also included. Neither are we prepared to relinquish several Audubonian species which at the present time are known only from the descriptions and figures by their discoverer (e. /y., Regulus cuvieri, Ferissoglossa[^ carbonata, Dendroeca montana, and Wilsonia minuta, as well as other better-known species which are given by Audubon on his own authority {e. g., Chrysomitris ''hnageUanica^' = C. notata, and Eudoci- mus ruber). Several species peculiar to the islands of Socorro and Guadalupe, off the coast of northwestern Mexico and Lower California, respectively, together with the few forms peculiar to the latter peninsnla, are re- garded as truly North American, their affinities, with perhaps only two exceptions {i. e., Gonurus holochlorus and Folyborus lutostis), being strictly " Nearctic." The greatest difficulty encountered in the compilation of this work has been in the way of distinguishiug between valid "species" aud those forms to be regarded as geographical races of merely subspecific rank. The greatest care has been taken in all doubtful cases of this kind, and previous conclusions (published in "History of North Ameri- can Birds "t and elsewhere) carefully reconsidered, with the aid of all the material accessible, including many specimens not previously in hand. This reconsideration of the subject has, in not a few cases, resulted in a reversal of former opinion, specimens from important localities not be- fore represented often deciding the point one way or the other. Every form whose characteristics bear unuiistakably the impress of climatic or *A Description of Sixteen New Species of North American Birds, by Jacob P. Giraud, jr. New York. George F. Nesbitt, printer, Tontine Building, corner of Wall and Vl''ater streets. 1841. Folio, not paged, 8 plates. [For species given in this work, whicb have not since been obtained within the limits of the United States, see p. 229.] tA History of North American Birds, by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and E. Ridgway. Laud Birds. Illustrated by 64 colored plates aud 593 woodcuts. 3 vols., royal 4to. Boston. Little, Brown, & Co. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1G5 local influences, gradually less marked toward the habitat of another form, with which it thus intergrades ; and all forms which certaiuly intergrade, no matter how widely distinct the opposite extremes may appear {e. g., Colapies aiiratus and mexicanns), together with intergrading forms whose peculiarities are not exidained by any known " law " of variation, have been reduced to subsjiecific rank. On the other hand, where the diiierence between allied forms is slight, but at the same time absolutely constant, and not coincident wdth a difference of habitat [e. g., certain of the small Thrushes and the various forms of Junco), speciiic rank is upheld. There are someforms w hich future investigation, based upon adequate material, may decide to be of different rank from that accorded them here. We cheerfully acknowledge our fallibility, but at the same time would say that we have endeavored to be as con- scientious and consistent as possible, giving the rank of each form as it appears in the light of our i)resent knowledge, independent of previous conclusions. Smithsonian Institution, January 22, 1880. CATALOGUE. 1. HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmel.) Baird. Wood Thrush. [148.] 2. HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS [Steph.] Baird. Wilson's Thrush. [151.] 3. HYLOCICHLA ALICI.a3 Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. [154.] 4. HYLOCICHLA USTULATA (Nutt.) Baird. Russet-backed Thrush. [152.] 4a. HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONI (Caban.) Eidgw. Olive-backed Thrush. [153.] 5. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE (Gmel.) Ridgw. Dwarf Thrush. [150.] 5a. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE AUDUBONII (Baiud) ElDGW. Rocky Mountain Hermit Thrush. [149 a.] 5&. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE PALLASI (Cabax.) Eidgw. Hermit Thrush. [149.] [6.] TURDUS ILIACUS Linn. Red-wing Thrush. 7. MERULA MIGRATORIA (Linn.) Sw. & ElCH. American Robin. [155.] 7 a. MERULA MIGRATORIA PROPINQUA RiDGW. Western Robin. 8. MERULA CONFINIS (Baird) Eidgw. Saint Lucas Robin. 9. HESPEROCICHLA NiEVIA (Gmel.) Baird. Varied Robin. [156.] 10. OREOSCOPTES MONTANUS (Towns.) Baird. Sage Thrasher. [255.] 11. MIMUS POLYGLOTTUS (Linn.) Boie. Mockingbird. [253,253 a.] 166 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 167 12. GALEOSCOPTES CAROLINENSIS (Linn.) Caban. Catbird. [2o4.] 13. HARPORHYNCHUS RUFUS (LiNN.) Caban. Brown Thrasher. [261, 261 o.] 13 . DENDRCBCA CORONATA (Linn.) Gray. Yellow-rump Warbler. [ 194. ] 96. DENDRCBCA AUDUBONn(To\\'>-s.) Baird. Audubon's W;arbler. [.195:..] _ 97. DENDRCBCA MACULOSA (G5n3L.) Eaird. Black-aud-yeriow Warbler. [204.] : 98. DENDRCECA CiERULBA (Wils.) Baird. : Cerulean Warbter. [201.] . . 99. DENDRCBCA PENZ^SYLVANICA (Linn.) Baird. Chestnut-sided Warbler. [200.] 100. DENDRCBCA CASTANEA(Wils._) Baird. Bay-breasted Warbler. [197.] 101. DENDRCBCA STRIATA (FORST.) Batrd. Black-poll Warbler. [202.] 102. DENDRCBCA BLACKBURNliS (Gm.) Baird. Blackbuxnian Warbler. [196.] 103. DENDRCBCA DOMINICA (Linn.) Baird. Yellow-throated Warbler. [209.] 103 a. DENDRCBCA DOMINICA ALBILORA Baird. White-browed Yellow^-throated Warbler. 104. DENDRCBCA GRACIiB CouES. Grace's Warbler. 105. DENDRCBCA NIGRESCENS (Towns.) Baird. Black-throated Gray Warbler. [192.] 106. DENDRCBCA CHRYSOPARIA SCL. & Sajlv. Golden-cheeked Warbler. 107. DENDRCECA VIRENS (Gmel.) Baird. Black-throated Green Warbler. [189.] 108. DENDRCECA TOWNSENDI (Nutt.) Baird. Townsend's Warbler. [191.] rROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109. DBNDRCBCA OCCIDENTALIS (Towns.) Baird. Hermit Waibler. [190.] 110. DENDRCECA KIRTLANDI Baird. Kirtland's "Warbler. [205.] 111. DENDRCECA PINUS (Wir.s.) Baird. Pine-creeping Warbler. [198.] 11'2. DENDRCECA MONTANA (WiLS.) Baird. Blue Mountain "Warbler. [199.] 113. DENDRCECA PALMARUM (Gmel.) Baird. Red-poll "Warbler. [208.] 113a. DENDRCECA PALMARUM HYPOCHRYSEA EiDGW. Yellow Red-poll "Warbler. 114. DENDRCECA DISCOLOR (Vieiix.) Baird. Prairie "Warbler. [210.] 115. SIURUS AURICAPILLUS (Linn.) Swains. Golden-crowned Thrush. [186.] 116. SIURUS NiEVIUS (BODD.) Coues. StmaU-billed "Water Thrush. [187.] 116 «. SIURUS N.S3VIUS NOTABILIS Grinnell. Grinnell's Water Thrush. 117. SIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieill.) Coues. Large-billed "Water Thrush. [188.] lis. OPORORNIS AGILI3 (^YILS.) Baird. Connecticut "Warbler. [174.] 119. OPORORNIS FORMOSA (WiLS.) Baird. Kentucky "Warbler. [175.] 120. GSOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA ("^YiLS.) Baird. Mourning "Warbler. [172.] 121. GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVRAYI (AuD.) Baird. Macgillivray's "Warbler. [173.] 122. GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS (Linn.) Caban. Maryland Yellow-throat. [170.] 123. ICTBRIA VIRENS (Lixn.) Baird. Yellow^-breasted Chat. [176.] 123«. ICTERIA VIRENS LONGICAUDA (Lawr.) Coues. Long-tailed Chat. [177.] 124. "WILSONIA MITRATA (Gmel.) Bp. Hooded "Warbler. [211.] 125. "WILSONIA PUSILLA (Wils.) Bp. Black-capped Yellow "Warbler, [213.] 174 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125a. WILSONIA PUSILLA PILEOLATA (Pall.) Eidgw. Pileolated Warbler, 126. WILSONIA MINUTA (WiLS.) Ridgw. SmaU-headed Flycatcher. [212.] 127. WILSONIA CANADENSIS (LiNN.) Coues. Canadian Flycatching Warbler. [214,215.] 128. SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (LiNN.) Swains. American Redstart. [217.] 129. SETOPHAGA PICTA Swains. Painted Redstart. [218.] 130. SETOPHAGA MINIATA Swains. Red-bellied Redstart. [219] 131. CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS (Giraud) Scl. Red-faced Warbler. 132. ERGATICUS RUBER (Swains.) Baird. Red Warbler. [216.] 133. BASILBUTERUS CULICIVORUS (Light.) Bonap. Brasier's Warbler. 134. BASILBUTERUS BELLII (Giraud) Scl. BeU's Warbler. 135. VIREOSYLVIA OLIVACEA (Linn.) Bonap. Red-eyed Vireo. [240.] 136. VIREOSYLVIA AGILIS FLAVO-VIRIDIS (Cass.) Eidgw. Yello-v7-green Vireo. [24 1 . ] 137. VIREOSYLVIA CARIDRIS BARBATULA (Caban.) ElDGW. Black-whiskered Vireo. [243.] 138. VIREOSYLVIA PHILADELPHICA Cass. Philadelphia Vireo. [244.] 139. VIREOSYLVIA GILVA (Vieill.) GasS. Warbling Vireo. [245.] 139a. VIREOSYLVIA GILVA SWAINSONI Baird. Western Warbling Vireo. 140. LANIVIREO FLAVIFRONS (Vieill.) Baird. Yellow-throated Vireo. [252.] 141. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS (Vieill.) Baird. Blue-headed Vireo. [250.] 141a. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS CASSINI (XAlfTUS) ElDGW. Cassin's Vireo. [251.] 1416. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS PLUM3EUS (C0UB8) All. Plumbeous Vireo. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEXBI. 175 142. VIREO ATRICAPILLUS WOODH. Black-capped Vireo. [247.] 143. VIREO NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmel.) Bp. "White-eyed Vireo. [248.] 144. VIREO HUTTONI Cass. Hutton's Vireo. [249.] 145. VIREO BELLII AuD. Bell's Vireo. [246.] 146. VIREO PUSILLUS CouES. Least Vireo. 147. VIREO VICINIOR CoUES. Gray Vireo. 148. LANIUS BOREALIS Vieiix. Great Northern Shrike. [236.] 149. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS Linn. Loggerhead Shrike. [237.] 149 o. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS EXCUBITORIDES (Sw.) CoUES. "White-rumped Shrike. [238.] 149 6. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS ROBUSTUS Baikd. Large-billed Shrike. 150. AMPELIS GARRULUS Linn. Northern Wax-wing. [232.] 151. AMPELIS CEDRORUM (Vieill.) Baird. Cedar Wax-wing. [233.] 1.52. PROGNE SUBIS (Linn.) Baird. Purple Martin. [231.] 152a. PROGNE SUBIS CRYPTOLEUCA Baird. Cuban Martin. [231 a. ] 153. PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS (Say) Lawb. Cliff Swallow. [226.] 154. HIRUNDO ERYTHROGASTRA BODD. Barn Swallow. [225.] 155. TACHYCINETA BICOLOR (Vieill.) Caban. White-belUed SwaUow. [227.] 156. TACHYCINETA THALASSINA (SWAINS.) Caban. Violet-green Swallow. [228.] 157. COTILB RIPARIA (LiXN.) Boie. Bank Swallow. [229.] 158. STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS (AuD.) Baird. Rough-winged Swallow. [230.] 17G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159. CERTHIOLA BAHAMENGIS Eeichenb. Baliaman Honey Creeper. [301.] 160. EUPHONIA ELEGANTISSIMA (Bp.) Gray. Blue-hsadsd Euphonia. [224.] 1(51. PYKANGA RUBRA (Linn.) Vieh^l. * Scarlet Tanager. [220.] 1G2. PYRAITGA LUDOVICIANA (WiLS.) Bp. Western Tanager. [223.] 163. PYRANGA HEPATICA Swaixs. Hepatic Tanager. [222.] 164. PYRANGA ESTIVA (LiNN.) Vieill. Summer Redbird. [221.] 164 fl. PYRANGA iESTIVA COOPERI EiDGW. Cooper's Tanager. 16.5. HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA (Cooper) Bp. Evening Grosbeak. [303.] 166. PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR (Linn.) Vieill. Pine Grosbeak. [304.] [167.] PYRRHULA CASSINI Baird. Alaskan Bullfinch. 168. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS (Gm.) Baird. Purple Finch. [305.] 168 a. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS CALIFORNICUS Baird. Californian Purple Finch. [306.] 169. CARPODACUS CASSINI Baird. Casein's Purple Finch. [307.] 170. CARPODACUS FRONTALIS (Say) Gray. House Finch. [308.] 170 «. CARPODACUS FRONTALIS RHODOCOLPUS (Caban.) RiDGW. Crimson House Finch. 171. CARPODACUS AMPLUS RiDGW. Guadalupe House Finch. 172. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA AMERICANA (WiLS.) COUES. American Crossbill. [318.] 172a. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA. MEXICANA (Strickl.) Baird. Mexican Crossbill. [318 a.] 173. LOXIA LEUCOPTERA Gm. "White-winged Crossbill. [319.] 174. LEUCOSTICTE GRISEINUCHA (Brandt) Baird. Aleutian Rosy Finch. [323.] PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 177 175. LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS SwAixs. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. [322.] 175a. LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS LITTORALIS (Baird) Coues. Gray-headed Rosy Finch. 176. LEUCOSTICTE ATRATA Ridgw. Black Rosy Finch. 177. LEUCOSTICTE AUSTRALIS Allejt. Brown-capped Rosy Finch. 178. iEGIOTHUS CANESCENS Gould. Mealy Redpoll. [.321.] 178a. ^GIOTHUS CANESCENS EXILIPES (CoUES) EiDGW. White-nimped Redpoll. 179. iEGIOTHUS LINARIA (Llnn.) Caban. Common Redpoll. [320.] 179a. .ZBGIOTHUS LINARIA HOLBOLLI (Brehm) EidgW. Greater Redpoll. 180. ^GIOTHUS BREWSTERI EiDGW. Brewster's Linnet. 181. ASTRAGALINUS TRISTIS (Linn.) Cab. American Goldfinch. [313.] 182. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA (Say) Coues. Green-backed Goldfinch. [314.] 182 a. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA ARIZONiE, CoUES. Arizona Goldfinch. [315.] 182 6. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA MEXICANUS (Sw.) CoUES. Mexican Goldfinch. 183. ASTRAGALINUS LAWRENCEII (Cass.) Bp. Lawrence's Goldfinch. [316.] 184. CHRYSOMITRIS NOTATA (Du Bus) Bp. Black-beaded Goldfinch. [310.] 185. CHRYSOMITRIS PINUS (WiLS.) Bp. Pine Goldfinch. [317:] 186. PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS (Linn.) Meter. Snow Bunting. [325.] 187. CENTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (Linn.) Caban. Lapland Longspur. [326.] 188. CENTROPHANES PICTUS (Swains.) Caban. Smith's Longspur. [327. j 189. CENTROPHANES ORNATUS (TOWNS.) Cabax. Chestnut-collared Longspur. [328,329.] Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 12 ^„^^ ^4^ I g gO. 178 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 190. RHYNCHOPHANES MACCOWNI (Lawr.) Baird McCown's Longspun [330.] 191. CENTRONYX BAIRDII (AUD.) Baird. Baird's Bunting. [331.] 192. PASSERCULUS PRINCEPS Maynard. Ipswich SparroTV. 193. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS (Gmel.) Baird. Sandwich Sound Sparrow. [333.] 193 a. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (WiLS.) ElDGW. Savannah Sparrow. [332.] 1936. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS ALAUDINUS (Bp.) RiDGW. Western Savannah Sparrow. [335.] 194. PASSERCULUS ANTHINUS Bonap. Titlark Sparrow. [334.] 195. PASSERCULUS GUTTATUS Lawr. Saint Lucas Sparrow. 196. PASSERCULUS ROSTRATUS (Cass.) Baird. Large-bUled Sparrow. [336,] 197. POOEICETES GRAMINEUS (Gm.) Bmkd. Grass Finch. [337.] 197 rt. POCBCETES GRAMINEUS CONFINIS Baird. Western Grass Finch. 198. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS (WiLS.) Bp. Yellow--winged Sparrow. [338.] 198 a. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS PERPALLIDUS RiDGW. Western Yellow-winged Sparrow 199. COTURNICULUS HENSLOWI (AuD.) Bp. Henslo'w's Sparrow. [339.] 200. COTURNICULUS LECONTEI (AuD.) Bp. Leconte's Sparro'w. [340.] 201. AMMODROMUS CAUDACUTUS (Gm.) Swains. Sharp-tailed Finch. [341.] 201a. AMMODROMUS CAUDACUTUS NELSONI AlleN. Nelson's Sharp-tailed Finch. 202. AMMODROMUS MARITIMUS (WiLS.) Swains. Sea-side Finch. [342.] 203. AMMODROMUS NIGRESCENS RiDGW. Black-and-'white Sea-side Finch. 204. CHOMDESTES GRAMMICA (Say) Bp. Jiark Finch. [344.] PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 179 204a. CHONDESTES GRAMMICA STRIGATA (Sw.) ElDGW. Western Lark Finch. 20*. ZONOTRICHIA QUERULA (Nutt.) Gamb. Harris's Sparrow. [348.] 203. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (FoRST.) SWAINS. White-crowned Sparrow. [345.] 207. ZONOTRICHIA GAMBELI (Nutt.) Gamb. Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow. 207 a. ZONOTRICHIA GAMBELI INTERMEDIA EiDGW. Intermediate White-crowned Sparrow. [346.] 208. ZONOTRICHIA CORONATA (Pall.) Baird. Golden-crowned Sparrow. [347.] 209. ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gm.) Bp. White-throated Sparrow. [349.] 210. SPIZELLA MONTANA (FoRST.) RiDGW. Tree Sparrow. [357.] 211. SPIZELLA DOMESTICA (Bautr.) Coues. Chipping Sparrow. [359.] 211a. SPIZELLA DOMESTICA ARIZONiE (CoUES) KiDGW. W^estem Chipping Sparrow. 212. SPIZELLA PALLIDA (Sw.) Bp. Clay-colored Sparrow. [360.] 213. SPIZELLA BREWERI Cass. Brewer's Sparrow. [361.] 214. SPIZELLA PUSILLA (WiLS.) Bp. Field Sparrow. [358.] 215. SPIZELLA ATROGULARIS (Caban.) Bd. Black-chinned Sparrow. [362.] 216. JUNCO AIKENI Ridgw. White-w^ingeS Snowbird. 217. JUNCO HYEMALIS (Linn.) Scl. Black Snowbird. [354.] 218. JUNCO OREGONUS (Towns.) Scl. Oregon Snowbird. [352.] 219. JUNCO ANNECTENS Baird. Pink-sided Snowbird. 220. JUNCO CANICEPS (Woodh.) Baird. Gray-headed Snowbird. [353.] 221. JUNCO DORSALIS Henry. Red-backed Snowbird. [351.] 180 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUiL 222. JUNCO CINEREUS (SwAiNS.) Caban. Meisicau Snowbird. [350.] 223. JUNCO INSULARIS EiDGW. Guadalupe Snovrbird. 224. AMPHISPIZA BILINEATA (Cass.) Coues. Black-tliroated Sparrow. [355.] 225. AMPHISPIZA BELLII (Cass.) Couks. Bell's Sparrow. [356.] 225 a. AMPHISPIZA BELLII NEVADENSIS EUMJW. Sagebrush Sparrow. 226. PEUCiEA iESTIVALIS (Light.) Cabax. Bachman's Finch. [370.] 226a. PEUCiEA .ffiSTIVALIS ILLINOENSIS Eidgw. Oak-woods Sparrow. 227. PEUCiEA ARIZONiE ElDGW. Arizona Sparrow. 22a PEUC^A CASSINI (Woodh.) Baird. Cassin's Sparrow. [371.] 229. PEUCiEA CARPALIS Coues. Rufous-'winged Sparrow. 230. PEUC.S5A RUFICEPS (Cass.) Baird. Rufous-crowned Sparrow. [372.] 230a. PEUCiEA RUFICEPS BOUCARDI (ScL.) B. B. & K, Boucard's Sparrow. 231. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA (FoRST.) Scott. Song Sparrow. [3G3.] 231a. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA FALLAX Baird. Mountain Song Sparrow. [367.] 231 &. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA HEERMANNI Baird. Heermaini's Song Sparrow. [364.] 231 c. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA SAMUELIS Baird. Californian Song Sparrow. [343,365.] 231 r7. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA GUTTATA (Nutt.) Baird, Rusty Song Sparrow. [366.] 231 e. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA RUFINA (Brandt) Baird. Sooty Song Sparrow. 232. MELOSPIZA CINEREA (Gm.) Eddgw. Aleutian Song Sparrow, 233. MELOSPIZA PALUSTRIS (Wils.) Baird. Swamp Sparrow. [369.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 181 234. MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI (AuD.) Baird. Lincoln's Finch. [368.] 235. PASSERELLA ILIACA (Merrem) Sw. Fox-colored Sparro'w. [374.] 235a. PASSERELLA ILIACA UNALASHKENSIS (Gm.) RidgW. Townsend's Sparro'w. [375.] 235 b. PASSERELLA ILIACA MEGARHYNCHA (Baird) Ridgw. Thick-billed Sparrow. [376a.] 235 c. PASSERELLA ILIACA SCHISTACEA (Baird) Allen. Slate-colored Sparro'w, [376.] 236. EMBERNAGRA RUFIVIRGATA Lawr. Texas Sparro'w. [373.] 237. PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (LiNN.) VlElLL. Che'wink; To'whee. [391.] 237 rt. PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ALLENI COUES. Florida Tovrhee. 238. PIPILO MACULATUS ARCTICUS (Swains. ) Coues. Northern To-whee. [393.] 238a. PIPILO MACULATUS MEGALONYX (Baird) Couks. Spurred To'whee. [394.] 238 &. PIPILO MACULATUS OREGONUS (Bell) Coues. Oregon To'whee. [392.] 238 c. PIPILO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS RiDGW. Guadalupe Towhee. 238d. PIPILO MACULATUS CARMANI Baird. Socorro To'whee. 239. PIPILO CHLORURUS (Towns.) Baird. Green-tailed Towhee. [398.] 240. PIPILO FUSCUS MESOLEUCUS (Baird) Ridgw. Canon To'whee. [397.] 240 a. PIPILO FUSCUS ALBIGULA (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Brown Towhee. 240 &. PIPILO FUSCUS CRISSALIS (ViG.) CoUES. Califomian Brown To'whee. [396.] 241 PIPILO ABERTI Baird, Abert's Towhee. [395.] 242. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS (Briss.) Bp. Cardinal Grosbeak. [390.] 242 a. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS IGNEUS (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Cardinal. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 243. PYRRHULOXIA SINUATA Bonap. Texan Cardinal. [389.] 244. ZAMELODIA LUDOVICIANA (Linn.) Coues. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. [380.] 245. ZAMELODIA MELANOCEPHALA (SWAINS.) COUKS. Black-headed Grosbeak. [381.] 246. GUIRACA C^RULEA (Linn.) Swains. Blue Grosbeak. [382.] 247. PASSERINA PARELLINA (Bp.) Eidgw. Blue Btmting. [383.] 248. PASSERINA CYANEA (LiNN.) Gray. Indigo Bunting. [387.] 249. PASSERINA AMCENA (Say) Gray. Lazuli Bunting. [386.] 250. PASSERINA VERSICOLOR (Bonap.) Gray. Varied Bunting. [385.] • 251. PASSERINA CIRIS (Linn.) Gray. Painted Bunting; Nonpareil. [384.] 252. SPERMOPHILA MORELETII Pucheran. Morelet's Seedeater. [388.] 253. PHONIPARA ZENA (Linn.) Bryant. Black-faced Seedeater. 254. SPIZA AMERICANA (Gm.) Bonap. Black-throated Bunting. [378.] 255. SPIZA TOWNSENDI (Auo.) Ridgw. Townsend's Bmiting. [379.] 256. CALAMOSPIZA BICOLOR (Towns.) Bonap. Lark Bunting. [377.] 257. DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linn.) Swains. Bobolink. [399.] 258. MOLOTHRUS ATER (Bodd.) Gray. Cowbird. [400.] 258a. MOLOTHRUS ATER OBSCURUS (Gmel.) Coues. Dwarf Co'wrbird. 259. MOLOTHRUS .SJNEUS (Wagl.) Caban. Bronzed Cow^bird. 260. XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS (Bonap.) Bd. Yellow-headed Blackbird. [404.] 261. AGELiEUS PHCENICEUS (Linn.) Vieill. Red-and-bufif-shouldered Blackbird. [401.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSBUM. 183 261a. AGEL^US PHCBNICEUS GUBERNATOR (Wagl.) Coues. Red-and-black-shouldered Blackbird. [402.] 2G2. AGELiEUS TRICOLOR (Nutt.) Bp. Red-and-white-shouldered Blackbird. [403.] 263. STURNELLA MAGNA (Linn.) Swains. Meadow Lark. [406.] 263 a. STURNELLA MAGNA MBXICANA (SCL.) RiDGW. Mexican Meadow Lark. 264. STURNELLA NEGLECTA AuD. Western Meadow Lark. [407.] 265. ICTERUS VULGARIS Daud, Troupial. [408.] 266. ICTERUS AUDUBONII Giraud. Audubon's Oriole. [409.] 307. ICTERUS WAGLERI SCL. Wagler's Oriole. [412.] 268. ICTERUS PARISORUM Bonap. Scott's Oriole. [411.] 269. ICTERUS CUCULLATUS Swains. Hooded Oriole. [413.] 270. ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linn.) Bp. Orchard Oriole. [414.] 271. ICTERUS GALBULA (Linn.) Coues. Baltimore Oriole. [415.] 272. ICTERUS BULLOCKI (Swains.) Bp. Bullock's Oriole. [416.] 273. SCOLECOPHAGUS FERRUGINEUS (Gm.) SWAINS. Rusty Blackbird. [417.] 274. SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (Wagl.) CAlUif. Brewer's Blackbird. [418.] 275. QUI3CALUS MACRURUS Swains. Great-tailed Grackle. [419.] 276. QUISCALUS PALUSTRIS Swains. Mexican Boat-tailed Grackle. 277. QUISCALUS MAJOR Vieill. Boat-tailed Grackle. [420.] 278. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS (Baktr.) Leicht. Purple Grackle. [421.] 278 a. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS AGLiEUS (Baird) Coues. Florida Grackle. [422.] 184 PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2786. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS iENEUS Eidgw. Bronzed Grackle. [279.] STURNUS VULGARIS Linn. . * European Starling. 280. CORVUS CORAX GARNIVORUS (Bartk.) Eidgw. American Raven. [423,424.] 28L CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS Couch. Wliite-necked Raven. [425.] 282. CORVUS FRUGIVORUS Bartu. Common Crow. [42G.] 282 fl. CORVUS FRUGIVORUS FLORIDANUS (Baird) Eidgw. Florida Crow. [427.] 282 6 CORVUS FRUGIVORUS CAURINUS (Baird) Eidgw. Northwestern Fish Crow. [428.] 283. CORVUS OSSIPRAGUS WiLS. Fish Crow. [429.] 284. PICICORVUS COLUMBIANUS (WxLS.) Bp. Clarke's Nutcracker. [430.] 285. GYMNOCITTA CYANOCEPHALA Max. Mazuniliau's Nutcracker; Pinon Jay. [431.] 286. PICA RUSTICA HUDSONICA (Scop.) Baird. Black-billed Magpie. [432.] 287. PICA NUTTALLI AuD. Yellow-billed Magpie. [433.] 288. PSILORHINUS MORIO (Wagl.) Gray. Brown Jay. [444.] 289. CYANOCITTA CRISTATA (Linn.) Strickju Blue Jay. [434.] 290. CYANOCITTA STELLERI (Gm.) Caban. SteUer's Jay. [435.] 290 G. CYANOCITTA STELLERI FRONTALIS EiDGW. Blue-fronted Jay. 2906. CYANOCITTA STELLERI ANNECTENS (Baird) Eidgw. Black-headed Jay. 290 c. CYANOCITTA STELLERI MACROLOPHA (Baird) EiDGW. Long-crested Jay. [436.] 291. APHELOCOMA FLORIDANA (Bartr.) Cabak. Florida Jay. [439.] 292. APHELOCOMA "WOODHOUSEI (Baird) Eidgw. Woodhouse's Jay. [438.] PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 185 293. APHELOCOMA CALIFORNICA (ViG.) Caban. California Jay. [437.] 294. APHELOCOMA ULTRAMARINA COUCHII Baird. Couch's Jay. [441.] 295. APHELOCOMA SORDIDA ARIZONA RiDGW. Arizona Jay. [440.] 296. XANTHURA LUXUOSA (Less.) Bp. Green Jay. [442.] 297. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Bp. Canada Jay. [443.] 297 a. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS CAPITALIS Baird. White-headed Jay. 297 &. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS FUMIFRONS EiDGW. Smoky-fronted Jay. 298. PERISOREUS OBSCURUS EiDGW. Oregon Jay. [299.] ALAUDA ARVENSIS LiNN. Sky Lark. 300. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS (FORST.) BoiE. Shore Lark. [302.] 300 fl. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS LEUCOLiBMA COUES. White-throated Shore Lark. 300 &. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS CHRYSOL^MA (Wagl.) Coues. Mexican Shore Lark. 301. MILVULUS FORFICATUS (Gm.) Swains. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. [123.] [302.] MILVULUS TYRANNUS (LiNN.) Bp. Fork-tailed Flycatcher. [122.] 303. TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS (Gm.) Eeich. Gray Kingbird. [125.] 304. TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS (LiNN.) Temm. Kingbird; Bee Martin. [124.] 305. TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS COUCHH Baird. Couch's Kingbird. [128,129.] 306. TYRANNUS VERTICALIS Say. Western Kingbird. [126.] 307. TYRANNUS VOCIFERANS SWAINS. Cassin's Kingbird. [127.] 303. PITANGUS DERBIANUS (Kaup) Scl. Mexican Pitangus. 186 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309. MYIOZBTETES TEXENSIS (Giraud) Scl. Giraud's Flycatcher. 310. MYIODINASTES LUTEIVENTRIS Bonap. Henshaw's Flycatcher. 311. MYIARCHUS MEXICANUS (Kaup) Lawr. Mexican Great Crested Flycatcher. [133.] 312. MYIARCHUS CRINITUS (LiXN.) Cabak. Great Crested Flycatcher. [130.] 313. MYIARCHUS CINERASCENS Lawr. Ash-throated Flycatcher. [131.] 314. MYIARCHUS LA"WRENCEI (Giraud) Baird. Lawrence's Flycatcher. [133.] 315. SAYORNIS FUSCUS (Gmel.) Baird. Phoebe Bird; Pewee. [135.] 316. SAYORNIS SAYI (Bonap.) Baird. Say's Pewee. [136.] 317. SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (Swains.) Bp. Black Pewee. [134.] 318. CONTOPUS BOREALIS (Swains.) Baird. Olive-sided Flycatcher. [137.] 319. CONTOPUS PERTINAX Caban. Coues's Flycatcher. 320. CONTOPUS VIRENS (Linn.) Caban. Wood Pewee. [139.] 321. CONTOPUS RICHARDSONII (Sw.) Baird. Western Wood Pewee. [138.] 322. EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [144.] 323. EMPIDONAX DIFFICILIS Baird. Western Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [144 a.] 324. EMPIDONAX ACADICUS (Gmel.) Baird. Acadian Flycatcher. [143.] 325. EMPIDONAX PUSILLUS (Swains.) Bd. Little Flycatcher. [141.] 325a. EMPIDONAX PUSILLUS TRAILLII (AuD.) Baird. Traill's Flycatcher. [140.] 326. EMPIDONAX MINIMUS Baird. Least Flycatcher. [142.] 327. EMPIDONAX HAMMONDI (Xantus) Bd. Hammond's Flycatcher. [145.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187 328. EMPIDONAX OBSCURUS (Swains.) Baird. Wright's Flycatcher, [146.] 329. EMPIDONAX FULVIFRONS (Giuaud) Scl. Fulvous Flycatcher. 329a. EMPIDONAX FULVIFRONS PALLESCENS COUES. Buff-breasted Flycatcher. 330. PYROCEPHALUS RUBINEUS MEXICANUS (ScL.) CoUES. Vermilion Flycatcher. [147.] 331. ORNITHION IMBERBE (Scl.) Coues. Small-billed Flycatcher. 332. PACHYRHAMPHUS MAJOR (Bonap.) Scl. Thick-billed Flycatcher. [121.] 333. HADROSTOMUS AGLAI^ (Lafr.) Cab. Rose-throated Flycatcher. [120.] 334. EUGENES FULGENS (Swains.) Gould. Refulgent Hummingbird. 335. TROCHILUS COLUBRIS Linn. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. [101.] 3:16. TROCHILUS ALEXANDRI BOURC. & MuLS. Black-chinned Hummingbird. [102.] 337. CALYPTE COSTiE (Bourc.) Gould. Costa's Hummingbird. [106 J 338. CALYPTE ANNiB (Less.) Gould. Anna's Hummingbird. [105.] 339. SELASPHORUS PLATYCERCUS (Swalns. ) Bp. Broad-tailed Hummingbird. [104.] 340. SELASPHORUS RUFUS (Gmel.) Aud. Rufous Hummingbird. [103.] 341. SELASPHORUS ALLENI Hensh. Allen's Hummingbird. 342. ATTHIS HELOIS-51 (Less.) Reich. Heloise's Hummingbird. 343. STELLULA CALLIOPE Gould. Calliope Hummingbird. 344. CALOTHORAX LUCIFER (Swains.) Gray. Lucifer Hummingbird. 345. AMAZILIA FUSCICAUDATA (Eraser) RidgW. Rieffer's Hummingbird. 346. AMAZILIA YUCATANENSIS (Cabot) Gould. Buff-bellied Hummingbird. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347. BASILINNA XANTUSI (Lawr.) Elliot. Xantus's Hummingbird. 348. lACHE LATIROSTRIS (Swaixs.) Elliot. Broad-billed Hummingbird. 349. CYPSELUS SAXATILIS WooDii. White-tliroated Swift. [107.] 350. CYPSELOIDES NIGER BOREALIS (Kennekly) RedgW. Black Swift. [108.] 351. CH-aiTURA PELAGICA (Llnn.) Baird. Chimney Swift. [109.] 352. CH.a3TtJRA VAUXII (Towns.) De Kay. Vaux's Swift. [110.] 353. ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (Gm.) GoULD. Chuck-will's-widow. [111.] 354. CAPRIMULGUS VOCIFERUS (WiLS.) Bp. "Whip-poor-will. [112.] 355. PHALiENOPTILUS NUTTALLI (AuD.) ElDGW. Poor-will. [113.] 356. NYCTIDROMUS ALBICOLLIS (Gm.) Burm. Parauque Goatsucker. [116 a.] 357. CHORDEILES POPETUE (Vieill.) Bd. Nighthawk. [114.] 357a. CHORDEILES POPETUE HENRYI (Cass.) Allen. Western Nighthawk. [115.] 357 ft. CHORDEILES POPETUE MINOR (Caban.) Eidgw. Cuban Nighthawk. 358. CHORDEILES ACUTIPENNIS TEXENSIS (Lawr.) Eidgw. Texan Nighthawk. [116.] 359. CAMPEPHILUS PRINCIPALIS (LiNN.) Gray. Ivory-billed Woodpecker. [72.] 360. PICUS VILLOSUS Linn. Hairy Woodpecker. [74.] 360a. PICUS VILLOSUS LEUCOMELAS (Bodd.) Eidgw. Great White-backed Sapsucker. 360 6. PICUS VILLOSUS HARRISI (Aud.) Allen. Harris's Woodpecker. [75.] 361. PICUS PUBESCENS Llnn. Downy Woodpecker. [76.] 361 o. PICUS PUBESCENS GAIRDNERI (Aud.) Couks. Gairdner's Woodpecker. [77.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189 362. PICUS QUERULUS WiLS. Red-cockaded "Woodpecker. [80.] 363. PICUS SCALARIS Wagl. Texan Sapsucker. [79. 1 363 a. PICUS SCALARIS LUCASANUS (Xant.) EidgW. Saint Lucas Sapsucker. 364. PICUS NUTTALLI Gamb. Nuttall's 'Woodpecker. [78.] 365. PICUS STRICKLANDI Malh. Strickland's "Woodpecker. 366. XENOPICUS ALBOLARVATUS (Cass.) Baird. "White-headed "Woodpecker. [81.] 367. PICOIDES ARCTICUS (Swains.) Gray. Black-backed Three-toed "Woodpecker. [82.] 368. PICOIDES TRIDACTYLUS AMERICANUS (Brehm) ElDGW. Banded-backed Three-toed "Woodpecker. [83.] 368a. PICOIDES TRIDACTYLUS DORSALIS (Baird) Eidgw. Striped-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. [84.] 369. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS (Linn.) Baird. Yellovg'-bellied "Woodpecker. [85.] 369a. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS NUCHALIS Baird. Red-naped "Woodpecker. [86.] 3696. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS RUBER (Gm.) Ridgw. Red-breasted "Woodpecker. [87.] 370. SPHYRAPICUS THYROIDEUS (Cass.) Baird. Black-breasted "Woodpecker. [88,89.] 37L HYLOTOMUS PILEATUS (Linn.) Baird. Pileated "Woodpecker; Logcock. [90.] 372. CENTURUS CAROLINUS (L.) Bp. Red-bellied "Woodpecker. [91.] 373. CENTURUS AURIFRONS "Wagl. Golden-fronted Woodpecker. [92.] 374. CENTURUS UROPYGIALIS Baird. Gila "Woodpecker. [93.] 375. MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS (LiNN.) Sw. Red-headed "Woodpecker. [94.] 376. MELANERPES TORQUATUS (Wii.s.) BONAP. Lewis's "Woodpecker. [96.] 377. MELANERPES FORMICIVORUS (Sw.) Bp. Californiau Woodpecker. [95.] 190 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377 a. MBLANERPES FORMICIVORUS ANGUSTIPRONS Baird. Narrow^-fronted Woodpecker. 378. COLAPTES AURATUS (Lixn.) Sw. Yellow-shafted Flicker. [97.] 378 a. COLAPTES AURATUS HYBRIDUS (Baird) EiDGW. "Hybrid " Flicker. [98 a.] 373 &. COLAPTES AURATUS MEXICANUS (Sw.) Ridgw. Red-shafted Flicker. [98.] 379. COLAPTES CHRYSOIDES (Malh.) Baird. Malherbe's Flicker. [99.] 380. COLAPTES RUFIPILEUS Eidgw. Guadalupe Flicker. 381. MOMOTUS CiERULEICEPS Gould. Blue-capped Motmot. [119.] 382. CERYLE ALCYON" (Linn.) Bote. Belted Kingfisher. [117.] 383. CERYLE AMERICANA CABANISI (TSCHUDI) CoUES. Texan Kingfisher. [118.] 384. TROGON AMBIGUUS Gould. Coppery-tailed Trogon. [65.] 385. GEOCOCCYX CALIFORNIANUS (Less.) Baird. Road-runner; Chaparral Cock. [68.] 386. COCCYZUS SENICULUS (Lath.) Vieill. Mangrove Cuckoo. [71.] 387. COCCYZUS AMERICANUS (Linn.) Bp. Yellow-biUed Cuckoo. [69.] 388. COCCYZUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Wils.) Baird. Black-billed Cuckoo. [70.] 389. CROTOPHAGA ANI Linn. Savannah Blackbird. [66,67.] 390. CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS Swains. Groove-billed Crotophaga. 391. RHYNCHOPSITTA PACHYRHYNCHA (SWAINS.) Bp. Thick-billed Parrot. [64.] 392. CONURUS CAROLINENSIS (Linn.) Kuhl. Carolina Parakeet. [63.] 393. CONURUS HOLOCHLORUS BREVIPES Baird. Socorro Parakeet. 394. ALUCO FLAMMEUS AMERICANUS (AuD.) EiDGW. American Barn Owl. [47.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 191 395. ASIO AMERICANUS (Steph.) Sharpe. American Long-eared O'wl. [51.] 396. ASIO ACCIPITRINUS (Pai.1-.) Newton. Short-eared Owl. [52.] 397. STRIX NEBULOSA FoRST, Barred Owl. [54.] 397 a. STRIX NEBULOSA ALLENI RiDGW. Florida Barred Owl. 393. STRIX OCCIDENTALIS (Xaxt.) Ridgw. Spotted Owl. • 399. ULULA CINEREA (Gmel.) Bp. Great Gray Owl. [53.] [399a.] ULULA CINEREA LAPPONICA (Retz.) Ritgw. Lapland Ow^l. 400. NYCTALE TENGMALMI RICHARDSONI (Bp.) ElDGW. Richardson's Ow^l. [55.] 401. NYCTALE ACADICA (Gmel.) Bp. Saw-whet Owl. [56,57.] 402. SCOPS ASIO (Linn.) Bp. Little Screech Owl. [49. J 402 a. SCOPS ASIO FLORIDANUS Ridgw. Florida Screech Owl. 402 &. SCOPS ASIO MACCALLI (Cass.) Ridgw. Texan Screech Owl. [50.] 402 c. SCOPS ASIO MAXWELLIiB Ridgw. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. 402 (Z. SCOPS ASIO KENNICOTTII (Elliot) Ridgw. Northw^estem Screech Ow^l. 403. SCOPS TRICHOPSIS Wagl. Mexican Screech Owl. 404. SCOPS FLAMMEOLUS (Licht.) Scl. Flammulated Screech Owl. 405. BUBO VIRGINIANUS (6m.) Bp. Great Homed Owl. [48.] 405a. BUBO VIRGINIANUS SUBARCTICUS (HoY) ElDQW. "Western Horned Owl. 405 6. BUBO VIRGINIANUS ARCTICUS (SWAINS.) CaS9. Arctic Horned Owl. 405 c. BUBO VIRGINIANUS SATURATUS RiDGW. Dusky Homed Ow^l. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 406. NYCTEA SCANDIACA Linn. Snowy Owl. [61.] 407. SURNIA PUNERBA (Linn.) Eich &, Sw. American Hawk Owl. [62.] [407a.] SURNIA FUNEREA ULULA (Linn.) Eidgw. European Haw^k Owl. 408. SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA HYPOGiEA (Bonap.) EidGW. Burrowing Owl. [58,59.] 408 a. SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA FLORIDANA RiDGW. % Florida Burrowing Ow^l. 409. GLAUCIDIUM GNOMA Wagl. California Pigmy Owl. [60.] 410. GLAUCIDIUM PHALiENOIDES (Daud.) Scl, & Salv. FeVruginous Pigmy Owl. 411. MICRATHENE "WHITNEYI (Cooper) Coues. "Whitney's Pigmy Owi. 412. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO CANDICANS (Gm.) ElDGW. White Gyrfalcon. [11.] 412a. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO ISLANDUS (Gm.) Eidgw. Iceland Gyrfalcon. [12.] 412 &. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO SACER (FORST.) EiDGW. McFarlane's Gyrfalcon. 412c. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO OBSOLETUS (Gm.) Eidgw. Labrador Gyrfalcon. 413. HIEROFALCO MEXICANUS POLYAGRUS (Cass.) ElDGW. Prairie Falcon. [10.] 414. FALCO PEREGRINUS NJ5BVIUS (Gm.) Eidgw. American Peregrine Falcon ; Duck Hawk. [5,6.] 414 a. FALCO PEREGRINUS PEALEI Eidgw. Peale's Falcon. 415. FALCO ALBIGULARIS Daud. Chestnut-thighed Falcon. [8.] [416.] iESALON REGULUS (Pall.) Blyth. European Merlin. 417. iESALON COLUMBARIUS (Linn.) Kaup. Pigeon Hawk. [7.] 417 a. iESALON COLUMBARIUS SUCKLEYI EiDGW. Black Merlin. 418. iESALON RICHARDSONII Eidgw. Richardson's Merlin. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 193 419. RHYNCHOFALCO FUSCO-CiEIRULESCENS (Vieill.) Ridgw. Aplomado Falcon. [9.] 420. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (Linn.) Vieiix. Sparrow Hav^k. [13.] 420a. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS ISABELLINUS (Swains.) RiDGW. Isabelline Sparro-w Ha"vyk. 421. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIOIDES (ViG.) GRAY. Cuban Sparrow Hawk. [422.] TINNUNCULUS ALAUDARIUS (Gm.) Gray. European Kestril. 423. POLYBORUS CHERIWAY (Jacq.) Caban. Caracara Eagle. [45.] 424. POLYBORUS LUTOSUS Ridgw. Guadalupe Caracara. 425. PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS (Gm.) RlDGW. American Osprey; Fish Hawk. [44.] 426. ELANOIDES FORFICATUS (Linn.) Eidgw. Swallow-tailed Kite. [34.] 427. ELANUS GLAUCUS (Bartr.) Coues. White-tailed Kite. [35.] 428. ICTINIA SUBCiERULEA (Bartr.) Coues. Mississippi Kite. [36.] 429. ROSTRHAMUS SOCIABILIS PLUMBEUS RiDGW. Everglade Kite. [37.] 430. CIRCUS HUDSONIUS (Linn.) Vieill. Marsh Hawk. [38.] 431. ACCIPITER COOPERI Bonap. Cooper's Haw^k. [15,16.] 432. ACCIPITER FUSCU3 (Gmel.) Bp. Sharp-shinned Hawk. [17.] 433. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS (Wils.) Bp. American Goshawk. [14.] 433 rt. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS STRIATULUS Eidgw. Western Goshaw^k. 434. ANTENOR UNICINCTUS HARRISI (Aud.) EidgW. Harris's Hawk. [46.] [435.] BUTEO VULGARIS Leach. European Buzzard. 436. BUTEO BOREALIS (Gm.) Vieill, Red-tailed Hawk. [23.] Proc. Nat. Mas. 80 1^ ^„^^ ^^ ^ gg^^ 194 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4:iGa. BUTEO BOREALIS KRIDERI Hoopes. Krider's Hawk. 4r!C?>. BUTEO BOREALIS CALURUS (Cass.) Kidgw. Western Red-tail. [20,24.] 4-360. BUTEO BOREALIS LUCASANUS Ridgw. Saint Lucas Red-tail. 43G. ORTYX VIRGINIANA TEXANA (Lawr.) Coues. Texan Quail. [472.] 481. OREORTYX PICTA (Dougl.) B.urd. Mountain Quail. [473.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL 3IUSEU1I. 197 481 a. OREORTYX PICTA PLUMIFERA (Gould) Eidgw. Plumed Quail. 432. LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICA (Shaw) Bp. Californian Quail. [474.] 4S3. LOPHORTYX GAMBELI Nutt. Gambel's Quail. [475.] 484. CALLIPEPLA SQUAMATA (A''ig.) Gray. Scaled Quail. [47G.] 485. CYRTONYX MASGBNA (Less.) Gould. Massena Quail. [477.] 486. ARDEA OCCIDENTALIS AuD, Great 'White Heron; Wiirdemann'a Heron. [488,489.] 487. ARDEA HERODIAS Lixx. Great Blue Heron. [487.] [488.] ARDEA CINBRBA Lixx. Common European Heron. 489. HERODIAS ALBA EGRETTA (Gmel.) Eidgw. American Egret. [486, 486rt.J 490. GARZETTA CANDIDISSIMA (Gmel.) Bp. Sno^vy Heron. [485.] 491. DICHROMAWASSA RUPA (Bodd.) Ridgw. Reddish Egret; Peale's Egret. [482,483.] 492. HYDRANASSA TRICOLOR LUDOVICIANA (WiLS.) ElDGW. Louisiana Heron. [484.] 493. FLORIDA C^RULEA (Lixx.) Baird. Little Blue Heron, [490.] 494. BUTORIDES VIRESCENS (Lix^x.) Bp. Green Heron. [493.] 495. NYCTIARDEA GRISEA N^VIA (BooD.) i\jLLEN. Black-crowned Night Heron. [495.] 496. NYCTHERODIUS VIOLACBUS (Lixx.), Eeich. T?Vhite-cro"wned Night Heron. [496.] 497. BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS (Moxtag.) Steph. American Bittern. [492.] 498. ARDBTTA EXILIS (Gmx.) Gray. Least Bittern. [491.] 499. MYCTERIA AMERICANA Lixx. Jabiru. 500. TANTALUS LOCULATOR Lixx.. Wood Ibis. [497.] 198 PROCEEDINGS OF UNIT/>D STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 501. EUDOCIMU3 ALBUS (7 jnn.) Wagl. V/hite Ibis, [499.] 502. EUDOCIMsJS RUBER (Lixx.) Wagl. Scarlet Ibis. L498,] 503. PLEGADIS FALCINIiLLUS (LtSN.) Kaup. Glossy Ibis. [500.] 504. PLEGADIS GUARAUNA (LiXN.) EiDGW. "White-faced Glossy Ibis. [500 o.] 505. AJAJA ROSEA (Briss.) Eidgw. Roseate Spoonbill. [.501.] [506.] HiEMATOPUS OSTRALEGUS LiNN. European Oystercatcher. .507. HiEMATOPUS FALLIATUS Temm. American Oystercatcher. [512.] 508. HiEMATOPUS NIGER Paxl. Black Oystercatcher. [513.] 509. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (Linx.) Ilug. Turnstone. [515.] 510. STREPSILAS MELANOCEPHALA ViG. Black Turnstone. [516.] 511. APHRIZA VIRGATA (Gmel.) Gray. Surf Bird. [511.] [512.] VANELLUS CRISTATUS Meyer. Lapwing. VS. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (Lixx.) CtoT. Black-bellied Plover. [510.) 1:514.] CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS LiNX. Grolden Plover. 515. CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS Mull. American Golden Plover. [503.] [515 «.] CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS FULVUS (Gmel.) Kidgw. Pacific Golden Plover. 516. OXYECHUS VOCIFERUS (Lixx.) Reich. KiUdeer. [504.] 517. .aiGIALITIS SEMIPALMATA (BONAP.) Caban. Semipalmated Plover. [507.] 518. iEGIALITIS HIATICULA (Lixx.) BoiE. Ringed Plover. [519.] .aiGIALITIS CURONICA (Gmel.) Gray. Little Ringed Plovex. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 199 520. ^GIALITIS MELODA (Ord) Bp. Piping Plover. [508.] 520a. -SBGIALITIS MELODA CIRCUMCINCTA RiDGW. Belted Piping Plover. 521. iBGIALITIS C '^NTIANA NIVOSA (Cass.) Ridgav. Snowy Plover. [509.] 522. OCHTHODROMUfe WILSOITIUS (Ord) Reich. Wilson's Plover. [500.^ 523. PODASOCYS MONTANA (Towns.) Coues. Mountain. Plover. [505.] [524.] SCOLOPAX RUSTICULA Linn. European "Woodcock. 525. PHILOHELA MINOR (Gmel.) Gray. American Woodcock. [522.] [526.] GALLINAGO MEDIA Leacii. English Snipe. 526rt. GALLINAGO MEDIA "WILSONI (Temm.) Ridgw. Wilson's Snipe. [523.] 527. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS (Gmel.) Leach. Red-breasted Snipe; Gray Snipe. [524.] 527 rt. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS SCOLOPACBUS (Say) Coues. Red-bellied Snipe; Greater Gray-back. [525.] 528. MICROPALAMA HIMANTOPUS (Bonap.) Baird. Stilt Sandpiper. [536.] 529. TRINGA CANUTUS Lixn. Knot; Robin Snipe. [526.] 530. ARQUATELLA MARITIMA (Brunn.) Baiejd. Purple Sandpiper. [528.] 531. ARQUATELLA COUESII EiDGW. Aleutian Sandpiper. 532. ARQUATELLA PTILOCNSMIS (Coues) RiDGW. Prybilov Sandpiper. [533.] ACTODROMAS ACUMINATA (Horsf.) Ridgw. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. 534. ACTODROMAS MACULATA (Vieill.) Coues. Pectoral Sandpiper. [.331.] 535. ACTODROMAS COOPERI (Baird) Coues. Cooper's Sandpiper. [527.] 5?.G. ACTODROMAS FUSCICOLLIS (A^ieill.) Ridgw Bonaparte's Sandpiper. [533.] 200 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 537. ACTODROMAS BAIRDII COUES. Baird's Sandpiper. 538. ACTODROMAS MINUTILLA (ViElLL.) Bp. Least Sandpiper. [532. j [539.] PELIDNA ALPINA (Linn.) Boie. European Dunlin. 539 a. PELIDNA ALPINA AMERICANA Ca&s. Red-backed Sandpiper. [530.] [540.] PELIDNA SUBARQUATA (Guld.) Cuv. Curle-w Sandpiper. [529.] 541. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linn.) Cass. Serm'palmated Sandpiper. [535.] 541a. EREUNETES PUSILLI^S OCCIDENTALIS (Lawk.) Coues. "Western Sandpiper. 542. CALIDRIS ARENARIA (Linn.) Illig. SanderHng. [534.] 543. LIMOSA FBDOA (Linn.) Ord. Marbled Godwit. [547.] 544. LIMOSA LAPPONICA NOVJE1-ZEALANDI.E GRAY. Pacific Godwit. 545. LIMOSA HiEMASTICA (Linn.) Coues. Hudsonian Godwit. [548.] [546.] LIMOSA iEGOCEPHALA (Linn.) Leach, Black-tailed Godwit. [547.] TOTANUS GLOTTIS (Linn.) Bechst. Green-shank. [538.] 548. TOTANUS MSLANOLEUCUS (Gmei..) ViEllx. Greater YeUow-legs; Tell-tale. [539. J 549. TOTANUS FLAVIPES (Gmel.) Vieill. Yellow-legs. [540.] 550. RHYACOPHILUS SOLITARIUS (WiLS.) Cass. Solitary Sandpiper. [541.] [551.] RHYACOPHILUS OCHROPUS (Linn.) Ridgw. Green Sandpiper. 552. SYMPHEMIA SEMIPALMATA (Gmel.) Hartii. Willet. [537.] 553. HETEROSCELUS INCANUS (Gmel.) Coues. "Wandering Tattler. [542.] [554.] MACHETES PUGNAX (Linn.) Cuv. Ruif. [544.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201 555. BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA (Beciist.) Bp. Bartram's Sandpiper; Field Plover. [545.] 556. TRYNGITES RUFESCENS (ViElLL.) Caban. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. [54G.J 557. TRINGOIDBS MACULARIUS (LiNX.) Gkay. Spotted Sandpiper. [543.] 558. NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS WiLS. Long-billed Curlew. [549.] o59. NUMENIUS HUDSONICUS Lath. Hudsonian Curlew. [550.] 560. NUMENIUS BOREALIS (Fohst.) Lath. Eskimo Curlew. [551.] [5G1.] NUMENIUS PHiEOPUS (Linn.) Lath. Whimbrel. [562.] NUMENIUS TAHITIENSIS (Gmel.) Cass. Bristle-thighed Curlew. 563. PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linn.) Bp. Red Plialarope, [521.] 564. LOBIPES HYPERBOREUS (Linn.) Cuv. Northern Phalarope. [520J 505. STEGANOPUS WILSONI (Sab.) CoUES. "Wilson's Phalarope. [519.] 566. RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA Gmel. American Avocet. [517.] 567. HIMANTOPUS MBXICANUS (Mull.) Ord. Black-necked Stilt. [518.] 568. PARRA GYMNOSTOMA Wagl. Meidcan Jacana. 569. RALLUS ELEGANS Aud. Red-breasted Rail. [542.] 570. RALLUS OBSOLETUS Eidgw. Califoruian Clapper Rail. 571 RALLUS LONGIHOSTRIS CREPITANS (Gmel.) Ridgw. Clapper Rail. [553.] 571 rt. RALLUS LONGIROSTRIS SATURATUS Hensh. Louisiana Clapper Rail. 572. RALLUS VIRGINIANUS Lixx. Virginian Rail. [554.] [573.] PORZANA MARUETTA (Leach.) Bp. Spotted Crake. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 574. PORZANA CAROLINA (Linn.) Baikd. Sora RaiL [555.] * 575. PORZANA NOVBBORACSNSIS (Gmel.) Balrd. Little Yellow Rail. [557.] 576. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS (Gmel.) Baird. Little Black Rail. [556.] 576a. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS COTURNICULUS Baied. Farallone Rail. [577.] CREX PRATENSI3 Bechst. 'Corn Crake. [558.] 578. IONORNI3 MARTINICA (Linn.) Reich. Purple Gallinule. [561.] 579. GALLINULA GALEATA (Light.) Bp. Florida Gallinule. [560.] 580. FULICA AMERICANA Gjiel. American Coot. [559.] 581. ARAMUS PICTU3 (Bartr.) Coues. The Limpkin. [481.] 582. GRUS AMERICANA (Linn.) Temm. Whooping Crane. [478.] 583. GRUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Temm. SandhiU Crane. [479.] 584. GRUS FRATBRCULUS Cass. Little Crane. [480.] 585. PHCBNICOPTSRU3 RUBER Linn. American Flamingo. [502.] [586.] OLOR CYGNUS (LiNN.) Bp. European Swan. [587.] OLOR MINOR (Pall.) Bp. Bewick's Swan. 588. OLOR AMERICANU3 (Sharpless) Bp. Whistling Swan. [561 «.] 589. OLOR BUCCINATOR (Eicii.) Wagl. Trumpeter Swan. [502.] 590. CHEN C.S3RULE3CENS (Linn.) Ridgw. Blue-'vyinged Gcose. [504.] 591. CHEN HYPERBORBUg (Pall.) Boie. Snow Goose. [.'jGo.] 591a. CHEN HYPERBOREUS AL3ATUS (Cass.) Rroa. Lesser Snow Goose [5GJtt.J PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 203 592. CHEN R03SII (Bai^d) Eidgw. Ross's Suow Goose. [593.] ANSER ALBIFRONS Gmix. European White-fronted Goose. 593a. ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMEELI (Haktl.) Coues. American White-fronted Goose. [505, uGG.] 594. BERNICLA CANADENSIS (Linn.) Boxe. Canada Goose. [5(37.] 594«. BERNICLA CANADENSIS HUTCHINSI (Sw. & EiCH.) WooDH. Hutchins's Goose. [569.] 594 J». BEHNICLA CANADENSIS LEUCOPARIA (Brandt) Cass. White-cheeked Goose. [5GS.] 594c. BERNICLA CAIJTADENSIS OCCIDENTALIS (Baird) Dall & Bakdt. Larger White-cheeked Goose. [5G7rt.] 595. BERNICLA BRENTA (Pall.) Steph. Brant. [570.] 596. BERNICLA NIGRICANS (Lawr.) Cass. Black Brant. [571.] [597.] BERNICLA LEUCOPSIS (Temji.) Boie. Barnacle Goose. [572.] 593. PHILACTE CANAGICA (Sevast.) Bannist. Emperor Goose. [573.] 599. DENDROCYGNA AUTUMNALIS (Linx.) Eyt. ^ Black-bellied Tree Duck. [574.] 600. DENDROCYGNA FULVA (Gmel.) Burm. Fulvous Tree Duck. [575.] 601. ANAS BOSCAS Linx. Mallard. [576.] 602. ANAS OBSCURA Gmel. Black Duck. [577.] 603. ANAS FULVIGULA Eidgw. Florida Black Duck. 604. CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS (Lixx.) GRAY. Gadwall. [534.] 605. DAFILA ACUTA (Lixx.) BoXAP. Pintail. [578.] [606.] MARECA PENELOPE (Linx.) Selby. Widgeon. [5SG.] 607. MARECA AMERICANA (Gmel.) Steph. Baldpate. [585.] 204 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUSL 608. SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linn.) Boie. Shoveller. [583.] 609. QUERQUEDULA DISCORS (LiNN.) Steph. Blue-winged Teal. [581.] 610. QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (ViEilx.) CaSS. Cinnamon Teal. [582.] [611.] NETTION CRECCA (Linn.) Kaup. English Teal. [580.] 612. NETTION CAROLINENSIo (Gmel.) Baird. Green-winged Teal. [579.] 613. AIX SPONSA (Linn.) Boie. Wood Duck; Summer Duck, [587.] 614. FULIX MARILA (LinxN.) Baird. Scaup Duck. [588.] 615. FULIX AFPINIS (Eyt.) Baird. Little Blackhead. [589.] 616. FULIX C0LLARI3 (Donov.) Baird. Ring-billed Blackhead. [590.] 617. AYTHYA VALLISNERIA (Wils.) Boie. Canvas-back. [592.] 618. AYTHYA AMERICANA (Eyt.) Bp. Redhead. [591.] 619. CLANGULA ISLANDICA (Gmel.) Bp. Barrow^'s Golden-eye. [594.] 620. CLANGULA GLAUCIUM AMERICANA (Bp.) Eidgw. American Golden-eye. [593.] 621. CLANGULA ALBEOLA (Linn.) Steph. Butterball; Bufflehead. [595.] 622. HISTRIONICUS MINUTUS (Linn.) Dresser. Harlequin Duck. [596.] 623. HARELDA GLACIALIS (Linn.) Leach. Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw. [597.] 624. CAMPTOLiEMUS LABRADORIUS (Gmel.) Gray. Labrador Duck. [600.] 625. POLYSTICTA STELLERI (Pall.) Brandt. Steller's Duck. [598.] 626. LAMPRONETTA FISCHERI Brandt. Fischer's Eider. [.509.] 627. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA (Linn.) Boie. Common Eider. PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOXAL, MUSEUM. 205 627 a. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA DRESSERI (?JiAlii>E) C0UE3. American Eider. [(506.] 628. SOMATERIA V-NIGRA Gkay. Pacific Eider. [607.] 629. SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS (Lixx.) BoiE. King Eider. [608.] 630. CBDEMIA AMERICANA Sw. & Ricn. American Scoter. [604.] [631.] MELANETTA FUSCA (Linx.) Boie. Velvet Scoter. 632. MEIiANETTA VELVETINA (Cass.) Raird. American Velvet Scoter. [601.] 633. PEUOIiETTA PERSPICILLATA (Lixx.) Kaup. Surf Duck. [602.] 634. ERISMATURA RUBIDA (WiLS.) Bp. Ruddy Duck. [609.] 635. NOMONYX DOMINICUS (Lixx.) Eidgw. Black Masked Duck. [610.] 636. MERGUS MERGANSEH AMERICANUS (Cass.) Ridgw. American Sheldrake. [611.] 637. MERGUS SERRATOR Lixx. Red-breasted feheldrake. [612.] 638. LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS (Lixx.] Eeich. Hooded Sheldrake. [613.] . 639. TACHYPETES AQUILA (LiXN.) Vieill. Frigate Pelican. [619.] 640. PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS Gmel. American White Pelican. [615.] 641. PELECANUS FUSCUS LiXN. Brown Pelican. [616.] 642. PHALACROG'ORAX CARBO (Lixx.] Bp. Common Cormorant. [620.] 643. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS (Sw. & Eich.) Nutt. Double-crested Cormorant. [623.] 643 a. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS FLORIDANUS (AuD.) EiDGW. Florida Cormorant. [624. J 643 &. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS CINCINNATUS (Brandt) EidgW White-crested Cormorant. [622.] 644. PHALACROCORAX MEXICANUS (Brandt) Eidgw. Mexican Cormorant. [625.] 206 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6-15. PHALACROCORAX PENICILLATUS (Bkandt) Heerm. Brandt's Cormorant. [626.] 646. PHALACROCORAX VIOLACBUS (Gmel.) Eidgw. Violet-green Cormorant. [627.] 646a. PHALACROCORAX VIOLACEUS RESPLENDENS (AUD.) Kidgw. Baird's Cormorant. 647. PHALACROCORAX BICRISTATUS Pall. Red-faced Cormorant. 648. PHALACROCORAX PERSPICILLATUS Pall. Pallas's Cormorant. [621.] 649. PLOTUS ANHINGA Linn. American Anhinga; Snake Bird. [628.] 650. SULA BASSANA (Linn.) Briss. Gannet. [617.] 651. SULA CYANOPS Sundev. Blue-faced Gannet. 652. SULA LBUCOGASTRA (BODD.) Salv. Booby Gannet. [618.] 653. SULA PISCATOR (Linn.) Bp. Red-footed Booby. 654. PHAETHON FLAVIROSTRIS Brandt. Yellow-biUed Tropic Bird. [629.] 655. PHAETHON iETHEREUS Linn. Red-billed Tropic Bird. 656. RHYNCHOPS NIGRA Linn. Black Skimmer. [697.] 657. PAGOPHILA EBURNEA (Phipps) Kaup. Ivory Gull. [676,677.] . 658. RISSA TRIDACTYLA (Linn.) Bp. Kittiwake Gull. [672.] 658rt. RISSA TRIDACTYLA KOTZBUEI (Bp.) COUES. Pacific Kittiwake. 659. RISSA BREVIROSTRIS Brandt. Red-legged Kittiwake. [674,675.] 660. LARUS GLAUCUS Brunn. Glaucous Gull; Burgomaster. [656.] 661. LARUS LEUCOPTERUS Faber. White-winged Gull. [658.] 6G2. LARUS GLAUCESCENS Light. Glaucous-winged Gull. [657,659.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 207 6C3. LARUS MARINUS LiXN. Great Black-backed Gull. [GGO. ] GG4. LARUS OCCIDENTALIS AUD. Western Gull. [GG2,) [GGf).] LARUS AFFINIS Reinii. Siberian Gull. G66. LARUS ARGENTATUS Brunn. Herring Gull. GGGa. LARUS ARGENTATUS SMITHSONIANUS COUES. American Herring Gull. [661.] 6fl7. LARUS CACHINNANS Pall. Pallas' s Herring Gull. 668. LARUS CALIFORNICUS Lawr. Califomian Gull. [663.] 669. LARUS DELAWARENSIS Ord. Ring-billed Gull. [664.] 670. LARUS BRACHYRHYNCHUS Rich. Short-billed GuU. [664 a, 665, 673.] [671.] LARUS CANUS Linn. Mew Gull. 672. LARUS HEERMANNI Cass. Heemiann's Gull. [666.] 073. LARUS ATRICILLA Linn. Laughing Gull. [667.] 674. LARUS FRANKLINI Sw. & Rich. Franklin's Gull. [668,669.] 675. LARUS PHILADELPHIA (Ord) Gray. Bonaparte's Gull. [070.] 676. RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA (Macgill.) Bruch. Ross's Gull. [678.] 677. XEMA SABINEI (J. Sabine) Leach. Sabine's Gull. [G80.] 678. CRBAGRU3 FURCATUS (Neb.) Bp. Swallow-tailed GuU. [679.] 679. STERNA ANGLICA Montag. GuU-biUed Tern. [G81.] 680. STERNA CASPIA Vai.l. Caspian Tern. [682.] 681. STERNA REGIA Gamb. Royal Teru. [683.] 208 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 682. STERNA ELEGANS Gamb. Elegant Tern. [684.] 683. STERNA CANTIACA ACUFLAVIDA (Cabot) Eidgw. Cabot's Tern. [685. ] 684. STERNA TRUDEAUI Aud. Trudeau's Tern. [687.] 685. STERNA FORSTERI Nutt. Forster's Tern. [691 , 686. ] 686. STERNA FLUVIATILIS Naxjm. Common Tern. [689. ] 687. STERNA MACRURA Naum. Arctic Tern. [690,693.] 688. STERNA DOUGALLI Montag. Roseate Tern. [692.] 689. STERNA ALEUTICA Baird. Aleutian Tern. 690. STERNA ANTILLARUM (Less.) Coues. Least Tern. [694.] 691. STERNA FULIGINOSA Gmel. Sooty Tern. [688.] 692. STERNA ANiESTHETA ScOP. Bridled Tern. 693. HYDROCHBLIDON LARIFORMIS SURINAMENSIS(Gmel.)EidgW. Black Tern. [695.] [694.] HYDROCHBLIDON LEUCOPTERA (Weisn. & SCHINZ) BoiE. "White-winged Black Tern. 695. ANOUS STOLIDUS Linn. Noddy Tern. [696.] 696. MEGALESTRIS SKUA (Brunn.) EiDGW. Skua Gull. [652.] 697. STERCORARIUS POMATORHINUS (Temm.) Vieilj Pomarine Jaeger. [653. ] 698. STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS (Linn.) Sch^fF. Richardson's Jaeger. [654.] 699. STERCORARIUS BUFFONI (Boie) Coues. Long-tailed Jaeger. [655'.] 700. DIOMEDEA NIGRIPES Aud. Black-footed Albatross. 701. DIOMEDEA BRACHYURA Temm. Short-tailed Albatross. [631.] PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201) \W2.-] DIOMEDEA CULMINATA Goui.d. Yellow-nosed Albatross, [632.] 70:?. PHCBBETRIA FULIGINOSA (Gmel.) Bp. Sooty Albatross. [(W;?.] 704. OSSIFRAGA GIGANTEA (Gm.) Reich. Giant Fulmar. [6:54.] 70.5. FULMARUS GLACIALIS (Linn.) Steph. Fulmar Petrel. [(i:>.').] 70.". a. FULMARUS GLACIALIS PACIFICUS (AuD.) Bp. Pacific Fitlmar. [*'•'*'• ] 70'^ b. FULMARUS GLACIALIS RODGBRSI (Cask.) CoUES. Rodger's Fulmar. 70U. PRIOCELLATBNUIROSTRIS (AuD.) RiDGW. Slender-billed Fulmar. [()o7. ] 707. PRIOFINUS MELANURUS (Boxx.) RiDUW. Black-tailed Shearwater. [708.] PUFFINUS KUHLII (B(.ie) Br. Cinereous Shearwater. [651.] 709. PUFFINUS MAJOR Faber. Greater Shearwater. [647.] 710. PUFFINUS CRBATOPUS Coopeii. Pink-footed Shearvrater. [711.] PUFFINUS ANGLORUM Tkmm. Mans Shearwater. [649.] 712. PUFFINUS AUDUBONII FixscH. Dusky Shearwater. [650.] 7l:J. PUFFINUS GAVIA (FonsT.) FiNSCU. Black-vented Shearwater. 714. PUFFINUS FULIGINOSUS SritiCKL. Sooty Shearwater. [64d.] 71.5. PUFFINUS GRISBUS (Gm.) FiNSca. Dark-bodied Shearw^ater. 71(;. PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS Tiomm. Slender-billed Shearw^ater. 717. CBSTRELATA HiESITATA (Temm.) Coues. Black-capped Petrel. [638.] [71r-'.] CESTRELATA BULWERI (.Tard. cV Selby) Coues. Bulwer's Petrel. * [719.] DAPTION CAPEKTSIS (Lixx.) Steph. Pintado Petrel; Cape Pigeon. [(m9. ] Proc. Nat. Mns. 80 14 J^epfl. S, BSfSO, 210 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.- 720. HALOCYPTENA MICROSOMA COUES. Least Petrel. 721. PROCELLARIA PELAGICA LiXN. Stormy Petrel ; Mother Carey's Chicken. [645.] 722. OCEANITES OCEANICA (Kuiil) Coues. "Wilson's Petrel. [644.] 723. CYMOCHOREA LEUCORRHOA (Vieil-l.) Coues. Leach's Petrel. [642.] 724. CYMOCHOREA MELANIA (Bp.) Coues. Black Petrel. [643.] 725. CYMOCHOREA HOMOCHROA CoUES. Ashy Petrel. 726. OCEANODROMA FURCATA (Gmel.) Bp. Fork-tailed Petrel. [(i40. ] 727. OCEANODROMA HORNBYI (Gray) Bp. Hornby's Petrel. [641 . ] 72«. FREGETTA GRALL.A.RIA (Vieill.) Br. White-bellied Petrel. [646.] 72U. JECHMOPHORUS OCCIDENTALIS (Lawk.) Coues. Western Grebe. [704.] 730. iBCHMOPHORUS CLARKH (Laavr.) CouES. Clark's Grebe. [705.] 731. PODICBPS HOLBOLLI Reinh. American Red-necked Grebe. [702, 703a. "J 732. DYTES CORNUTUS (Gm.) Kaup. Horned Grebe. [706.] [733.] DYTES AURITUS (LiXN.) KiDGW. Eared Grebe. [708.] 733 rt. DYTES AURITUS CALIFORNICUS (Lawr.) RidgW. American Eared Grebe. [707.] 734. TACHYBAPTES DOMINICUS (Linn.) Coues. St. Domingo Grebe. [708a.] 735. PODILYMBUS PODICEPS (Linn.) Lawii, Thick-billed Grebe. [709.] 736. COLYMBUS TORQUATUS Brunn. Loon. [698.] 7.37. COLYMBUS ADAMSI Gray. Great White-billed Loon. 738. COLYMBUS ARCTICUS Linn. Black-throated Diver. [699.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 211 739. COLYMBUS PACIFICUS Lawk. Pacific Diver. [700. ] 740. COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Linn. Red-throated Diver. [701.] 741. ALCA IMPENNIS Linn. Great Auk. [710.] 742. UTAMANIA TORDA (Linn.) Lkach. Razor-billed Auk. [711.] 74:3. FRATERCULA ARCTICA (Linn.) Steph. Common Puffin. [71.5,710.] 743 fl. FRATERCULA ARCTICA GLACIALIS (Leacii) Kidgw. Large-billed Puffin. [714.] 744. FRATERCULA CORNICULATA (Naum.) Gray. Horned Puffin. [713.] 745. LUNDA CIRRHATA 1'all. Tufted Puffin. [712.] 740. CERATORHINA MONOCERATA (Pall.) Cass. Horn-billed Puffin. [717, 71H.] 747. PHALERIS PSITTACULA (Pall.) Temm. Parrot Auk. [72').] 748. SIMORHYNCHUS CRISTATELLUS (Pall.) Merrem. Crested Auk. [719, 720. ] 749. SIMORHYNCHUS PYGMiEUS(GMEL.)RiDGW. Whiskered Auk. [721 . ] 750. CICERONIA PUSILLA( Pall.) Kidgw. Least Auk. [722,723.] 751. PTYCORHAMPHUS ALEUTICUS (Pall.) Brandt. Cassin's Aulc [724.] 752. ALLE NIGRICANS Link. Sea Dove; Dovekie. [738.] 753. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS ANTIQUUS(Gm.) CoUES. Black-throated Guillemot. [73().] 754. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS WURMIZUSUME (Te.mm.) Coues. Temminok's Guillemot. [737.] 755. BRACHYRAMPHUS MARMORATUS (Gm.) Brandt. Marbled Guillemot. [732, 733. ] 756. BRACHYRHAMPHUS KITTLITZI Brandt. Kittlitz's Guillemot. [735.] 757. BRACHYRHAMPHUS HYPOLEUCUS Xantus. Xantus's Guillemot. 212 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 758. BRACHYRHAMPHUS CRAVERI (Salvad.) Coues. Graver's Guillemot. 759. BRACHYRHAMPHUS BRACHYPTERUS Brandt. Short-'wringed Guillemot. [7:34.] 760. URIA GRYLLE (Linn.) BrIjnn. Black Guillemot. [726. ] 761. URIA COLUMBA (Pall.) Cass. Pigeon Guillemot. [727.] 762. URIA CARBO (Pall.) Gray. Sooty Guillemot. [728.] 763. LOMVIA TROILE (Linn.) Brandt. Common Guillemot. [729,730.] 763«. LOMVIA TROILE CALIFORNICA (Bryant) Coues. California Guillemot. 764. LOMVIA ARRA (Pall.) Bp. Tliick-billed Guillemot. 764a. LOMVIA ARRA BRUNNICHI (SCH.) KiDGW. Brunnich's Guillemot. [731.] i^PPENDIX The following tables are intended as a condensed analysis of the changes which have taken place in North American ornithology since 1859, with other items of interest in the same connection. a. Sjiecies eliminated from the catalogue of 1859. Cataloyuo No. 4. Cathaktes BUKROViANUS, Cassin Not North American? G. Falco nigriceps, Cassiu = No. 414. 1(>. AcciPiTRU JIEXICANUS, Swains. = No. 431. 19. BUTEO CAiRMi, Hoy = No. 442, young. 21. BuTEO INSIGNATUS, Cassin = No. 442, melanistic. 24. BuTEO MONTANUS, Nnttall= No. A'AGb, lighta- ])hase. 28. BuTEO OXYPTERUS, Cassin= No. 442, young. :?0. Archibuteo LAGOPUS, Gray = No. 447, light phase. 40. Haliaetus pelagicus, Siebold. Not North American. 41. liALiAiiTUS WAsaINGTO^^I, .lard. =No. 451, young female. 56. Nyctale aebifrons, Cassin = No. 401, young. 59. Athene guniculauia, Bon. The true cunicularia is a South American form.* 66. Crotopiiaga rugikostuis, Sw. = No. 389. 73. Campepiiilus imperialis. Gray. Not North American. 88. Sphyropicus wii.liamsonii, Baird = No. 370, adult male. 100. LajwpORNIS mango, Swains. Not North American. l = L. vioUcauda (Bodd.) EU.] 129, Tyraxnus melancholicus, Vieill. Not North American. 167a. Var. Mniotilta longirostris, Baird.t 171. Geothlypis velatus. Cab. Not North American. 215. Myiodioctes bonapartei, Aud. = No. 127, young. 239. CoLLYRTO elegans, Baird. An Asiatic sjiecies {Laniui^ lahtora, Sykes.). 242. ViREO viRESCEXS, Vieill. =No. 1351 253a. Var. Muius caudatus, Baird. Not separable t'roux j^olyglottus. 259«. Harpop.hynchus vetula, Baird = No. 15. 231a. Harporiiynchus longicauda, Baird. Scarcely separable from rufus. 272. Troglodytes americanus, Aud. = No. 63. 289«. Var. Parus albescens, Baird = No. 41a. 309. Carpooacus HAEMORRHOUS, Wagl. Not North American^ 311. CriiiYSOMiTRis STiVAXEYi, Boiiap. Not North American. [=C. barbata (JIol.).] 312. Chrysomitris y'arrelli, Bonap. A'oi North American. 324. Leucosticte arctous, Bonap. No sufficient evidence of occurrence in North America. 329. Plectrophanes melanomus, Baird = No. 169. 365. Melospiza gouldii, Baird = No. 231c. 405. Trupialis militaris, Bonap. Not North American. ThcTu appears to be but a single race iuhabiting North America. t Wliile there is undoubtedly a very ai)preciable difference between specimena of If. varia from tLo West Indies aud those from the interior of Eastern North America in the length of the bill, it is thn small billed form which should receive a new name, since Linnajus's name varia was based upon tln« bird of the South Atlautic States aud West Indies. If to be regarded as separable, the name borealii^ Nutt., may be applied to the western birds. 213 214 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Catalogue No. 424. CoRVUS CACAi.oTL, Wagl. =No. 280. 470. Lagopus amekicanus, Autl. = No. 475. 482. Demiegretta PEALii, Baircl:= No. 491, white phase. 486a. Herodias egretta v. californica= No. 489. 488. Ardea WURDEMANNII, Bair(l= No. 486, colored phase. 494. BUTORiDES BRUNNESCENS, Baird. Not North American. 514. Haematopus ater, Viellot. Not North American. 56(3. Anser frontalis, Baird= No. 593«, young. 603. Pelionetta trowbridgii, Baird = No. 633. 605. OiDi'5iiA bimaculata, Baird = No. 632, young. 630. DiOMEDEA EXULANS, Liiiu. Not North American. 6.59. Larus ciialcopterus, Lawr. = No. 662. 665. Larus suckleyi, Lawr. =No. 670, young. 68'J. Chroicocephalus cucullatus, Br. =No. 674, young, second year. 671. Chroicocephalus minutus, Brnch. Not North American. 673. RisSA SEPTENTRiONALis, Lawr. = No. 670, adult. 675. RissA NIVEA, Brucli = No. 6.59. 677. Pagophila brachytarsi, Holb. = No. 657. 686. Sterxa havelli. And. =No. 685, lointcr plumage. 693. Sterna pikei, Lawr. = No. 687, young. 703. PoDiCEPS CRiSTATUS, Latli. Not North American? 703a. PoDiCEPS cooPERi, Lawr. =No. 731, young. 716. Sagmatoriiina lABHADORiA, Cas. =No. 745, young. 718. Ceroriiina suckleyi, Cassiu= No. 746, young. 720. Phaleris TETRACULA, Steplicns= No. 748, ivinter dress. 722. Phaleris microceros, Brandt = No. 750, summer dress. 730. Uria ringvia, Briinnicli= No. 763, individual phase. 733. Brachyrhamphus wrangelii, Br. = No. 755, winter dress. Seveu of tlio abovo .ire included iu Coues's " Check List of Nortli American Birds" (1873), viz, iiumber.s 88, 100, 309, 488, 563a, 603, 693. and 703; the equivalent numbers of the "Check Li.nt" beiu'i', respect ivelj', 305. 274, 141rt, 450, 4S0«, 518«, 508, and 609—some of them bearing a diflerent name from that given iu the Smithsonian catalogue. Besides the foregoing, there are given iu the "Check List" the following untenable names: I46a. -^GiOTiius LINARIA (L.) Cab. rar. fuscesckns, Cs. =No. 179, midsummer dress. Iblbis. Centrony'X OCIIROCEPIIALUS, Aiken = No. 191, autumnal plumage. [187.] Passer DOMESTicus, Linn. An introduced speciea. 215a. Icterus spurius (L.) Bp. var. affinis, Lawr. Not separable from I. spurius. [283.] Agyrtria linn^ei (Bp.) . Not North American. [= A. tobaci (Gm.) EIL] 374a. Cham.'EPELIa passerina (L.) Sw. car. pallescens, (Bd.) Cs. Untenable race. 445te>- [appendix]. Ibis thalassinus, Ridg. =No. 504, young. h. Species and races described or added to the North American fauna since 1859.* 6. Tardus iliacus, 'Linn.—C/. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6. (Greenland; two examples.) 7a. Merula migratoria propinqua, Ridgw. — Tardus migratorious pro})inquas, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Clnb, ii. Jan. 1877, 9. (Western U. S.) 8. Merula CONFINIS, Baird. — Turdns conjinis, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 29. (Todos Santcs, Cape St. Lucas.) 14. Harporiiynchus cinereus, Xantus.—Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 298. (Cape St. Lucas.) 14a. Harporiiy'NCHUs cinereus bendirei. Cones.—Am. Nat. vii. June, 1873, 330, fig. 69. (Tucson, Arizona; C. Beudire.) * The new forms are in small capitals, the other additions in italics. In order to reduce the number of references to a minimum, only the original description, or the first North American record of a species is given. In some cases wo have not been .able to quote the first reference, but have done so •whenever practicable.. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 215 Cataloguo No. 15a. Harporhynchus curvikostris palmeri, Ridgw. — H. cmrirontrw, vur. palmeri, Ridgw. iu Coues's Key, 1872, 351. (Arizona.) 18. Harporhynchus graysoni, Baird. — Cf. Lawr. Auu. Lye. N. Y. x. Feb. 1871, — . (Soeorro I.) 20. Cyanecnla suecica (Linn.) Brelini. — Cf. Adam.s, Ibis, 1878, 422. (St. Michael's, Alaska ; seven examples. ) 31. Regulus obscurus, Ridgw. — li. calendula obscunts, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Snrv. TeiT. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 187G, 184. (Gnadalnpe I., Lower California.) 33a. Regulus satrapa (jlivaceus, Baird. — B. satrapa, var. oUvaceus, Baird, Review Am. Birds, i. July, 1864, 65 (iu text). (Western United States. ) 34. Fhylloscopus borealin (Bias.) Dress. Phyllopneunlc kennkvtti, Baird, Trans. Clii- cago Acad. i. 18()9, 313, pi. 30, fig. 2. (St. Michael's, Alaska.) 44. Farus cinctus, Bodd. — P. sibiricus (Gm.) Ridgw. Bnll. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. Jan. 1878,37. (St. Michael's, Alaska; L.M.Turner.) 4Ga. Parus rufescens neglectus, Ridgw.—P. rufescens, (3, negleoius, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. Apr. 25, 1879, 485. (Coast California.) 57. Campyloruyxchus affinis, Xautus.—Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 298. (Cape St. Lucas.) 58a. Salpinctes obsoletus guadalupensis, Ridgw.—Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 185. (Guadalupe I., Lower California.) 59«. CatuePvPes mexicanus conspersus, Ridgw. — C. mexicaniis, var conspersns, Ridgw. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873, 602. (Middle Province of U. S.) Mb. TuRYOTHORUS LUDOViciANUS MiAMENSis, Ridgw. T. ludovicianus (Lath.) var. miamensis, Am. Nat. ix. Aug. 1875, 469. (Miami River, E. Florida.) lilrt. Thryomanes bewicki spilurus (Vig.) Baird.—Review Am. Birds, i. 1864, 126. (Pacific slope of United States.) C)lb. Thryomanes BEVt^icia leucogaster, Baird.—Review Am. B. i. 1864, 127. (Southern border of U. S.) 62. Thryomanes brevicauda, Ridgw.—Bnll. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 186. (Guadalupe I., Lower California.) 64. Troglodytes insularis, Baird. — Clf. Lawr. Aun. Lye. N. Y. x. Feb. 1871, 3, (Socorro 1.) 65a. Anorthura troglodytes pacificus, Baird. — T. hyemalis, var. pacificus, Re- view Am. B. i. 1864, 145. (Pacific coast U. S.) CtCi. Anorthura alascensis, Baird. Troglodytes alascensis, Trans. Chicagt> Acad. i. 1869, 31.5, pi. 30, fig. 3. (St. George's Island, Alaska; W. H. Dall.; 67a. Telmatodytes palustris paludicola, Baird. Cislothorus palusiris, var. pa- ludlcola, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 148. (Pacific coast U. S.) 69. Motueilla alba, Linn.— C/. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6. (Greenland.) 70. Budylcn flava (Linn.) Gray. — Cf. Baird, Trans. Chicago Ac. i. 1869, 3, pi. 30, fig. 1. (St. Michael's, Alaska; Pease & Bannister.) 72. Anthus pratensis (Linn.) Bechst. Cf. Paulsen, ed. Holboll, Faun. Gninl. 1846, 24; Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 6 (Greenland); B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 173. (St. Michael's, Alaska.) 74a, Mniotilta varia borealis (Nutt.) Ridgw. [See p. 213, foot-note.] 80 Heljunthophaga lawrencei, Herrick.—Proc. Philad. Acad. 1874, 220, pi. xv. (New Jei'sey.) 82. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis, Brewster.—Am. Sportsman, v. Oct., 1874; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i. 1876, 1, plate. (Massachusetts.) 83. Helminthophaga luci^, Cooper.—Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. July, 1861, 120. (Ft. Mojave, California.) 86a. Helminthophaga celata lutescens, Ridgw. R. celata, var. lutescens, Ridgw. Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, third ser. iv. Dec. 1872, 457. (Pacific coast U. S.) 89. Parula pitiayumi insularis (Lawr.) Ridgw. I'arula insularis, Lawr. Auu. Lye. N. Y. x. Fob. 1871. (Socorro I., N. \V. Mexico.) 216 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Catalogue No. S9(i. Parui.a PiTiAYUMi NiGRiLORA, Coue.s.—P. mgrUom, I3iill. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Suiv. Terr. iv. 1878, U. (Hidalgo, Texas; G. B. Seiniett.) 92. Peucedravuoi olivaeeus (Giraud) Coues. — Sylvia olivacea, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, 14, pi. vii. fig. 2. ("Texas.") Dendroeca olivacea, Hensh. Am. Sports- man, V. 328, Feb. '20, 1875 ; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 202. (S. Arizona.) 103rt. Dendrceca DOMINICA ALBILORA, Baird. — D. Dominica, var. albilora. Am. Nat. vii. Oct. 1873, 605. (Mississippi Valley, south to Guatemala and Honduras.) 104, Dendrceca GRACiiE, Coucs. — Cf. Baird, Review Am. B. i. 18(i4, 210. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona ; Coues. ) 106. Dendrceca chrysoparia, Scl. & Salv. Cf. Baird, Eeview Am. B. i. 1864, 185, foot-note. (San Antonio, Texas; Heermaun.) 113rt. Dendrceca palmarum hypochrysea, Ridgw.—Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, Nov. 1876, 84, 85. (Atlantic States.) 116«. SiURUS NiEVius NOTABiLis, Grinuell. — Cf. Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, 12. (Black Hills, Wyoming.) 125tt. WiLSONiA PUSILLA PiLEOLATA (Pall.) Ridgw. — Myiodioctes pusillus, var. pileo- lata, Ridgw. Am. .Jour. Sci. & Arts, iv. Dec. 1872, 457; Am. Nat. vii. Oct. 1873, 607. (Pacific coast N. Am.) 131. Cardellina ruhrifrons (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa rubrifrons, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. vii. fig. 1. ("Texas.") Cardellina rnhrifrons, Henshaw, Orn. Wheel- er's Exp. 1875, 211. (Arizona.) 133. Basileuterus ciilicivorHS (hicht.) Bp. Muficicapa hrasieri, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. vi. fig. 2. 134. Basileuterus hellii (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa belli, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. iv. fig. 1. 139rt. YiREOSYLViA GILVA SWAINSONI, Baird.— Vireo swainsoni, Baird, B. N. 4m. 1858, 336, in text. (Pacific coast U. S.) 141b. Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus (Coues) Allen. — Vireosylvia plumbea, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 73. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.) 146. Vireo pusillus, Coues.—Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866,76. (Date Creek, Arizona.) 147. Vireo vicinior, Coues.—Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 75. (Ft. Wliipple, Arizona.) 149/>. Lanius ludovicianus robustus, Baird. — Collurio Ludoricianus, var. robustas, Am. Nat. vii. Oct. 1873, 608. (California?) 164rt. Pyranga .estiva cooperi, Ridgw. — Pyran(/a cooperi, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1869, 130. (S. W. United States.) 167. Pyerhula cassini, Baird. — P. coccinea, var. cassini. Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869, 316, pi. 29, fig. 1. (Nulato, Alaska; W. R. Dall.) 170a. Carpodacus frontalis rhodocolpus (Caban.) Ridgw.— T/. Ridgw. Am. ,Jour. Sci. & Arts, V. Jan. 1873, 39. (Coast of California. ) 171. Carpodacus amplus, Ridgw.—Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Snrv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 187. (Guadalupe I., Lo\^er Cal. ; E. Palmer.) 175rt. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis (Baird) Ridgw. — L. littoralis, Baird, Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869,- 318, pi. 28, fig. 1. (Sitka, Alaska.) 176. Leucosticte atrata, Ridgw.—Am. Sportsman, July 18, 1874, 241. (Colorado; C. A. Aiken.) 177. Leucosticte australis, Allen. — L. tephrocotis, var. australis, Allen. Cf. Ridgw. Bull. Essex lust. v. Nov. 1873, 189. (Mt. Lincoln, Colorado.) 178fl. ^GiOTHUS CANESCENS EXiLiPES (Coues) Ridgw.—.-Er/(o^/(»« ccilipcs, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nov. 1861, 385. (Arctic America.) 179a.. Mgiothus linaria holbolli (Brehm) Ridgw.—Li);ac(« holboUi, Brehm, Vog. Dentschl. 180. Mgiothus brewsteri, Ridgw.—^(/io//i!fs {flavirostris var.) hreivsterii, Ridgw. Am. Nat. July, 1872, 433. (Waltham, Mass.) 182a. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA ARIZONA (Coues) Ridgw.— C. mexicana, var. arizonas, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 82. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 217 Catalogue No. 192. Passerculus pkinceps, Maynard.—Am. Nat. vi. 1872, (537. (Ip«wicli, Mass.) 195. Passerculus guttatus, Lawr.—Am. Lye. N. Y. viii. 18(57,47;} (Cape St. Lucas). Cf. Cooper, Oru. Cal. i. 1870, 185. 197rt. Pocecetes f/ramineiis conjinis, Baird.—i'. yrainiiieits, var. confitm, Baird, B. N. Am. 18.38, 448, ia text.. (Western U. S.) 198rt. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS PERPAi.LiDUS, Ridgw. — C. passerinus, var. pirpaUi- dus, Ridgw. iu Coues's "Key", 1872, 137. (Western U. S.) 201rt. Ammodromus cauoacutus nelsoxi, Allen.—Proc. Boston Soe. xvii. March, 1875, 93. (N. E. Illinois.) 203. Ammodromus xigrescens, Ridgw. — A. marithmis, var. nigrescens, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 198. (Indian R., Florida.) 204a. Chondestes grartimica strigatuH (>Sw.) Ridgw. • Mr. H. K. Coale, of Chicago, 111., has lately called my attention to cercain differences between eastern (typical) and western specimens of this species, which, upon examination of a large series, 1 find to be quite constant and sufficiently appreciable to waiTant the recognition of a western race. Western birds being exactly like those from Mexico in those points in which they differ from eastern specimens, Swainson's name strigatus (Chondestes strigatus, Philos. Jour. i. 1827, 435), based upon the Mexican bird, is available for the western and southern race. 207o. ZoNOTRiCHiA GAMBELi INTERMEDIA, Ridgw. — Z. Iciicophrys, var. intermedia, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 198. (Middle Province of U. S., north to Alaska.) 211rt, Spizella socialis ARizoNiE, Coues. — S. socialis, var. arizonce, COUES, Key, 1872, 143. (Ft. Whipphi, Arizona.) 21(5. Juxco AiKENi, Ridgw.—/. hyemaUs, var. Aikcni, RiDGW. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873, 612, 614. (Mts. of Colorado; C. E. Aiken.) 219. JUNCO ANNECTENS, Baird.—Oru. Cal. i. 1870, 564. (Rocky Mts., Ft. Bridger to Arizona and New Mexico.) 223. JuNOO iNSULARis, Ridgw.—Bull. U. S. Geok & Geog. Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 188. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal. ; E. Palmer.) 225rt. Amphispiza bellii nevadensis, Ridgw. — Poosplza beJUi, var. ncvadensis, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. Nov. 1873, 191. (Middle Province of U. S.) 226a. Peucea aestivalis illlnoensis, Ridgw.—P. iUinocims, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, Oct. 1879, 219. (Texas to S. Illinois.) 227. Peuc-EA ARizoNyE, Ridgw. — p. a;sficaUs,\aT. Arizona', Ridgw. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873, 615. (S. Arizona.) 229. PEUCiEA CARPALis, (Joues.—Am. Nat. vii. June, 1873, 322. (Tucson, Arizona; C. Bendire. ) 230a. Peuc/ea ruficeps boucardi (Scl.) Ridgw. — Cf. Henshaw, Orn. Wlieeler'a Exp. 1874, 117. (S. Arizona and S. New Mexico.) 231(/. Melospiza fasciata gnitata (Nutt.) Ridgw. This is the " Jf. riijlna" of the old catalogm). The ti-ue Jf. rnfina (Brandt) is a larger and darker form from Sitka, rediscovered since the publication of "Birds of North America' (1858). 231e. Melospiza fasciata nijina (Brandt) Ridgw.— (/. B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 29. (British Columbia to Sitka.) 232. Melospiza cinerea (Gmei.) Ridgw.—"J/, insignis", Baird, Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869, 319, pi. 29. lig. -J. (Kadiak, Alaska ; F. Bischoli'.) 237a. PiPiLO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ALLENi, Coues.—P. olleni, CouES, Am. Nat. V. Aug. 1871, 366, (Florida.; 238c. PiPiLO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS, Ridgw.—Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog, Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 189. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal.) 238(Z. PiPiLO MACULATUS CARMANi (Lawr. ) Ridgw. Pipilo carmani, Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. X. 1871. 7. (Socorro L, N. W. Mexico.) 218 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATE8 NATIONAL MUSEUM. Catalogue No. 240rt. Pjpilo fuscus ALBiGTJLA (Baird) Ridgw. — P. alhhjala, I3aikd, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nov. 1859, 30.5. (Cape St. Lucas.) 242a. Cardinalis virginianus igneus, Baird. — C. igneiis, Baird, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nov. 1859, 305. (Cape St. Lucas.) 253. J'honipara zena (Lluu.) Bryant.— C/'. B. B. &, R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 93. (Key West, Florida ; H. W. Henshaw. ) 258o. Alolothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.) Cones. — M. ohscurus, Cass. Proc. Philad. 18GG, 18. (Lower California. ) 259. Moloihrus ameits (Wagl.) Cab.— C/". Merhili., Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, i. July, 1876, 8y. (Ft. Brown, Texas.) 263a. Sturnella magna mexicana (Scl.) Ridgw. — Cf. Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. Jnl*^', 1878, 152. (Ft. Brown, Texas; J. C.Merrill.) 27G. Quiscalua palu.stris (Swains.) Cassin. — " Q. major", Gambel, Jour. Philad. Acad. i. 1847, 47. (Gulf of California. )* 278b. QuiscALUS VERSICOLOR yENEUS, Ridgw.— (>. wneiis, Ridgw. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1839, 134. (Mississippi Valley, Hudson's Bay Terr., Maine, etc.) [279.] Stiirniis vulgaris, Linn. — Cf. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 7. (Greenland.) 290a. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis, Ridgw. — Cyanura stelleri, var. fronialis, Ridgw. Am. Jour. Sci. «fc Arts, third ser. v. Jan. 1873, 41, 43. (Sierra Nevada, California.) 2906. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens, Baird. Cyanura stelleri, var. annectens, Baird, in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii. 1874, 281, in text. (Northern Rocky Mts.) 297a. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis, Baird. F. canadensis, var. capHaUs, Baird, Bull. Essex Inst. v. Nov. 1873, 193. (Rocky Mountains.) 297b. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons, Ridgw.—Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, 5. (Coast of Alaska.) 298. Perisoreus obscurus, Ridgw. — P. canadensis, var. obscnrus, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. Nov. 1873, 194. (Northwest coast of U. S.) [299.] Alatida arvensis, Linn. Cf. Dresser & Sharpe, Birds Eur. pt. —, and B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 136. (Greenland and Bennuda.) 300a. Eremophila alpestris LEUCOLiEMA, Cones.—Birds N. W. 1874, 38. (Interior plains N. Am.) 300&. EremophUa alpestris chrysokema (Wagl.) . — E. corniita, var. chrysolwma, Baird, B.N. Am. 1858, 403, in text. (Southwestern U. S.) 308. Pitamjus derbianus (Kaup) Scl.—7^ derbyanus, Coues, The Country, July 13, 1878, 184. (Lomita, Texas; G. B. Senuett.) 309. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa iexensis, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. 1. ("Texas.") 310. Myiodinastcs luteiventris, Bonaj). Cf. HiCNSiTAW, Orn. Wlieeler's Exp. 1875, 346, pi. xiv. (S. Arizona.) 319. Contopiis j)ei-tinax, Cab. & Hein. — Cf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 60. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.) 329. Empidonax fulvifrons (Giraud) Scl. Muscicapa fulvifrons, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. ii. ("Texas.") 329a. Empidonax fulvifrons pallescens (Cones) Ridgw. — Miirepliorus pallesccns, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 63. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.) 331. Ornithion imberbe {Scl.) Coues.—" 0. incanescens" , Coues, The Country, July 13, 1878, 184. (Lomita, Texas; G. B. Seunett.) 331. Eugenes fulgens (Sw.) Gould. — Cf. Henshaw, Am. Nat. Apr. 1874, 241 ; Oru. Wlieeler's Exp. 1875, 379. (Mt. Graham, Arizona.) 341. Selasphorus alleni, Henshaw.—Bull. Nutt. Orn. Chib, ii. 1877, 54. (Coast of California.) * The National Museum possesses an example of what is apparently tliis species from the coast of Louisiana. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 219 Catalogue No. 342. Althis heloiN(n {Ia'sh. & ])cl.) K'icli.— (/. Etj.iot, Uliislr. Am. 15. i. ISGO, xxi. xii. ])latc. (El Piiso, Texas; .). II. Clarke.) 343. StcUnla calliope, Gould.—Calothorax mll'wpc, Xantu.s, I'roc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 190. (Ft. Tejcm, Cal.) 344. Calothorax luci/er (S\v.) Gvny.—" Doricha cnicura", IIensii. Am. Sportsman, v. 328, Feb. 20, 187.") ; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 381. Cf. L.vWii. Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, ii. Oet. 1877, 108. (Camp Howie, Arizona.) 345. AmaziUa fascicaudaia (Eras.) mdg^^.—" Purrophwua ricfferi", Mekriij., Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, i. Oct. 187(3, 88. (Ft. Browu, Texas.) Cf. RiDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. 1878, 147 (synonymy and diagnoses). 34G. AmaziUa yucataneus'iH (Cnhot) Govdd.—"A. cerrintm':ntriH'\ Mkiuull, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, ii. Jan. 1877, 2G. (Ft. Brown, Texas.) Cf. Riogw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. 1878, 148 (synonymy and diagnosis). 347. Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.) Elliot.—J ma^i/ta xantusi, Lawit. Ann. N. Y. Lye. vii. April, 18G0, 109 {= ^).—IIeUopa;dica vudancocauda, Lawk. t. c. 145 (=. Chorddles jjopctae minor (Cab.) Ridgw.— CJ. B. B «fc R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. 1874, 520. (Miami, Florida; C. J. Maynard.) 3t)0rt. Piciis villosus leucomelas (Bodd.) Ridgw. — Picii-'i hucumdax, Bodd. Tabl. P. E. 1783 (ex. PI. Enlnm. 345, lig. 1= 9 i^tl-)- 3(i3a. Picus sCALAPas LUCASANUS (Xant.) Coues.— /'. iKvasunus, Xaxtus, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 298, 302. (Cape. St. Lucas.) 3(i5. Picus stricklandi, Mix\h..—Cf. Henshaw, Am. Sportsman, v. 32^, Feb. 20, 1875; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 389. (S. Arizona.) 377rt. MEI.AXEKPE.S EORMICIVORUS AXGUSTIFROXS, Bainl.— .V. formivirorus, var. angustifrons, Baird, Orn. Cal. i. 1870, 405. (Ca])e St. Lucas.) 380. CoLAPTES itUEiPiLEi^s, Ridgw. — C. mexicanuti rufipHeus, Bull. Geog. *&. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 187(5, 191. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal.) 390. Croiophaga salcirostris, Swaiu.s.— T/. Coues, The Country, July 13, 1878, 184. (Lomita, Texas; G. B. Sennett.) 393. COXURUS HOLOCHLORU.S RREVIPES, Baird.— Cviiiinis holinhlorm, var. hreripes, "Baird, MS.", LaWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. 1871, — . (Socorro I.) 397«. Strix nerulosa ali.exi, Ridgw.—I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, — . (Clearwater, S. Florida.) 398. Strix occidextalis (Xant.) Ridgw. — Syriiiitm 0(cidi, Liuu. ). 19. Cinclus, Beclistein, Gemeiu. Naturg. 1802 (type, Stiir)iu>i cinclns, Linn.). [6/. Baikd. Review Am. B. i. 1864,59, foot-note.] 20. Cyanecula, Brehm, Viig. Deutschl. 1828 (type, Motacilla siiecica, Linn.). 34. Phylloscopus, Boie, Isis, 1826, 792 (type f) 50. AURIPARUS, Baird, Review Am. B. i. Aug. 1864, 85 (type, JE'iUhalns Hainceps, Sundev. ). 61. Thkyomanes, Sclater, Cat. Am. B. 1861, 22 (type, Trofjlodytes hewickl, And.). 65. Anorthura, Rennie, Montagu's Orn. Diet. 2d ed. 1831, 570 (type, A. communis, Eenuie ^^ Motacilla troglodijten, Linn.). 67. Telmafodi/tt'n, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. 1850, 78 (type, Certhia imluslris, Wils.). 69. Motacilla, Liumeus, S.N. 1735 (type, ilf. alba, Linn.). 70. Badytes, Cuvier, Reg. Au. i. 1817, 371 (type, Motacilla Jlava, L.). 76. Htlonma.—Hdiiiaia, Audubon, Synop. 1839, (iS (type, Sylvia su-aimoni, And.). [Orthography emended by Agassiz, Nomencl. 1847. Cf. Newton, P. Z. S. 1879,552.] 90. PekissoGLOSSA, Baird, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 180 (type, Motacilla tigrina, Gm.). 92. Peucedramus, Coues, in Henshaw's Orn. Wheeler's Survey, 1875, 201 (type, Syl- via olicacea, Giraud). 115. Slums.— Clf. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club. 124. Wilsonia, Bonaparte, Comp. List. 1838, 23 (type, Sylvia mitrata, And.?). \_Vf. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 95. ] 131. Cardclliiia, " Dubus ", Bouap. Consp. i. 1850, 312 (type, Cardellina amicta, Dubus=- Muscicapa riihrifroiis, Giraud). 132. Erg-'VTICUS, Baird, Review Am. B. i. May, 1865, 264 (type, Setopha/ja rubra, Swains.). 133. Basileutcrus, Cabauis, in Schomb. Guiana, iii. 1848, 666 (tyi^e, Sylvia vcrmirora, Vieill.). 135. Vireosylvia, Bonaparte, Comp. List. 1838, 26 (type, Muscicapa olivacca, Linn.). 140. Lanivikeo, Baird, Review Am. B. i. May 23, 1866, 345 (type, Vireo flavifrons, Vieill.?). *It is exceedingly doubtful whether Wilsonia, Bp., should displace Myiodioctes, Aud. Bonaparte's name occurs first in a mere list, is used only as a heading for a subgeneric groiiji, and is unaccom- panied either by a diagnosis or an indicatiou of type. Audubon, however, only a year later, in desig- nating ihe same group of birds by the new generic term Myiodioctes, gave au excellent diagnosis of the generic charnct'ers. It appears to us that the sRght difierence of date in favor of Bonaparte's name is greatly overbalanced by the pains which Audubon took to duly characterize his genus, thus conform- ing to the recjuirements of nomenolatural laws, which Bonapaite tViiled to do. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 225 Catalogno "No. 148. Laniits, Linnrens, S. N. eel. 10, 1758,93 (type, L. excubitor, Liun.). [C/. Conea, Birds Colorado Val. i. 1878, 539.] 153. Petrochelidoii, Cabanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1850,47 (type, Hirundomelanogastfr, Sw. ^/'. sivainsorii, Sel.). 155. Tachycineta, Caljanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1850, 48 (type, Hirundo thalasfihia, Sw.). 157. Cotile, Boie.—Cf. Wharton, The Ibis, Oct. 1879; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, April, 1880,96. 158. SfeJfjidopteryx, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 312, in text (type, Hirundo serripennis, And.). 167. Pyrrluda, Brisson, Orn. 1760 (type, Loxia pyrrhula, Tuinn.=:^ Emberiza coccinea, Saudb.). 172. Loxia, Linna?ns, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 171 (type, L. ciirvirostra, Linn.). 181. AstragaUnus, Cabanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1851, 1.59 (type, Frinyilla Iristis, Linn.). 187. Centrophanes, Kaup, Eut. Gescli. Eur. Tbierw. 1829 (type, Emheriza lapponica, Linn.). 190. Bhynchophanes, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 432, in text (type, Plectroplianes maccowni, Lawr.). 224. Amphispiza, Coues, Birds N. W. 1874, 234 (type, Emheriza bUiveata, Cass.). 244. Zamelodia, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, v. April, 1880, 98 (type, Loxia hidoviei- ana, Linn.). 247. Passerina, Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 30 (type, Tanagra cyanea, Linn.). \_Cf. Coues, 1, c. 96.] 253. Phonipara, Bonaparte, Consp. i. 1850, 494 (type, Loxia canora, Gmel.). 254. Spiza, Bonaparte, Obs. Wils. Orn. 1825 (part); Spece. Coiup. 18:27, 47 (type, Embeiiz.a americana, Gmel.!). [See anteS,, 3.] 279. Sturnus, Linnaeus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 167 (type, S. vulgaris, Linn.). 285. Gymnocitfa.—Cf. CouES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 98. 289. Cyanocitta, Strickland, Ann. Mag. N. H. sv. 1845, 260 (type, Corvus cristatus, Linn.). [C/. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, April, 1880, 98.] 291. Aplielocoma, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 221 (type, Garrulus californicus, Vig.). 299. Alauda, Liunteus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 165 (type, A. arvcnsis, Linn.). 308. Piiangus, Swainson, Zool. Jour. iii. 1827, 165 (type ?). 309. Myiozf.tetes, Sclater, ex. Schiff. — Myiozeta, " Schifl'.", Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxviii. 1854, — (type 'l).—Myiozeteies, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, 46. 310. Myiodinastes, Bonaparte, Compt. Rend, xxxviii. 1854, 657 (type ?). 331. Ornithion, Hartlaub, Jour, fiir Orn. 1853, 35 (type, 0. inerme, Hartl.). 332. PachyrJiamplius, "Gray, 1838" (type, Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spix=TtY^ra viridis, VieilL). 333. Hadrostomus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. ii. Oct. 24, 1859, 84 (type, Tityra atricapilJa, VieilL). 334. Eugenes, Gould, Mon. Troch. pt. xii. 1850 (type, Trochilus fulgens, Swains.). 337. Calypte, Gould, Introd. Trocb. oct. ed. 1861, 87 (type, Ornismya costw, Bourc.). 342. Atthis, Reichenbacb, Aufz. der Colib. 1853, 12 (type, Ornismya heloisas, Less. & Delattr.). 343. Stcllula, Gould, Introd. Trocb. oct. ed. 1861, 90 (type, Trochilus calliope, Gould) 344. Calothorax, Gray, Gen. B. 1840, 13 (type, Cynanthus lucifer, Swains.). 345. Amazilia, Lesson. — Amazilis, Less. lud. Gen. et Syn. du Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xxvii. (type, Orthorhynchus amazili, Less.). — Amasilia, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. 1849, pi. 39. 347. Basilinna, Boie, Isis, 1831, 546 (type, Trochilus leucotis, Vieill.). 348. Iache, Elliot, Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 234 (type, Cyna)ithuslatirosfris, Swains.). 349. Cypsdus, Illiger, Prodr. 1811, 229 (type, C. apus, Linn.). [C/. antea, 6.] 350. Cypscloides, Strenbel, Isis, 1848, 366 (type, Cypselusfumigatus, Natt.). \_VJ'. Sclatci. P. Z. 8.1865,014.] 354. CaprimuJgus, Linuteus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1858, 193 (type, C. europams, Linn.). [6/ I'loc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i. 1878, 143; ib. iii. 1880, 5.] Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 15 Sept. 4, 1880. 226 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOJSTAL MUSEUM. Catalogue No. 355. Phal^noptilus, Eidgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1860, 5 (type, CaprimulfjiiH nuttalU, And.). 366. XenojnotH, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 83, in text (type, Leuconerpes alholarvatm, Cass.), 394. Aluco, Flemiug, Phil. Zool. ii. 1828, 236 (type, Strbc flammea,'L\\i\i.). [C/. New- ton, Yarrell's Brit. B. ed. 4, i. 150; Ibis, v. 94-105.] 395. Anio, Brisson, Orn. i. 1766, 28 (type, Strix otus, Linn.). 397. Strix, Linuajus, S. N.ed. 10, i. 1758, 92 (type, S. stridula, Linn.). [C/. Newton, Ibis, ser. iii. vi. 94-105.] 399. Ululit, Cuvier, Reg. An. i. 1817, 329 (type, Strix uralensis, Pall.). In History of North American Birds (vol. iii, pp. 28-30) I adopted for the Great Gray Owl (Strix cinerea, Gmel.) the subgeneric name Scotiaptex, Swains., baaed upon this species, find on p. 8 of these Proceedings raised the same name to generic rank. A subsequent exam- ination of Strix uralensis, Pallas, however, reveals the fact that the latter is strictly con- generic with S. cinerea and S. tapponica, and having been made the type of a genus TTlula by Cuvier, in 1817, the latter name must take precedence over Scotiaptex, which was not founded iiutU 1831. 408. Speotyto, Gloger, Handb. Natnrg. 1842, 226 (type, Strix cumcuUria, Mol.). 411. MiCRATHENK, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1856, 51 (type, Athene ivhitneyi,CooTpeT.). 412. Hierofalco, Cuvier, Reg. An. i. 1817,312 (type, Falco candicans, Gm.). 416. JEsalon, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. 1829, 40 (type, Falco cesalon, Gmel. = F. regulus, Pall.) 419. Ehynchofalco, Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. 1873, 46 (type, Falco femoralis, Temm. = Ffusco-cwrulescens, Vieill.). 426. Elanoides, Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. sxiv. 1818, 101 (type, Falco furcatus, Linn.). 434. Antenor, Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. May, 1873, 63 (type, Falco unicinctus, Temm.). 444. Uruhiiinga, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1839, 132 (no type !) ; Lafr. in d'Orb. Diet. Hist. Nat. ii. 1842, 786 (type, Falco uruUtinga, Gm. :=F. zonurus, Shaw). 446. Onychotes, Ridgway, Proc. Philad. Acad. Dec. 1870, 142 (type, O. gruberi, Ridgw.). 450. ThrasaHtiis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837, 108 (type, Falco harpyia, Linn.). 451. HaVumtus, Saviguy.—This is the original and correct orthography. [C/. Gray, Handb. i. 1869, 16; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, —.] 453. PSEUDOGRYPHUS, Ridgway, in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. Jan. 1874, 337, 338 (type, Fitltur californianus, Shaw). 455. Catharista, Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 21 (type, Vultur urubu, Vieill. = F. airata, Bartr. Cf. RiDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 80). 463. Engyptila, Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent. 1872, 156 (type, Columha rufax- illa, Rich. &. Bern.). 467. Geotrygon, Gosse, Birds Jam. 1847, 316, foot-note (type, G. sylvatica, Gosse=: Columha crisiata, Temm.). 469. Ortalis.—Cf. Wharton, The Ibis, Oct. 1879, 450. [= Ortallla, Merrem (false orthography).] 471. Canace, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1851 (type, Tetrao canadensis, Linn.). 491. Dichromanassa, Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Ttrr. iv. No. 1, Feb. 5, 1878, 246 (type, Ardea rufa, Bodd.). 492. Hydranassa, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 660, in text (type, Ardea If^doviciana, Gmel. = yl. tricolor, Miill.). 499. Mycteria, Linnaius, S. N. i. 1758, 140 (type, M. americana, Linn.). 501. Eudocimus, Wagler, Isis, 1832, 1232 (type, Scolopax rubra, Liun.). \_Cf. Elliot, Ibis, 1877, 482.] 503. Plegadis, Kaup, Slvizz. Ent. Gesch. 1829, 82 (type, Tantalus falcinellus, Linn.). [C/. Sclater & Salvin, Ibis, 1878, 112.] 505. Ajaja, Reichenbach, Handb. 1851, p. xvi. (type, Platalea ajaja, Linn. = P. rosea, Briss.). iCf. Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. 1880, 10.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 227 Catalogue No. 51-2. Fanellns, Meyer, Vog. Deutschl. i. 1810, 10 (ex. Linn. 1735; type, Tringa vancUus Linn.). 516. Oxi/cehm, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. 1853, Introd. p. xviii. (type, Charadrius vocifei-us, Linn.). 522. Ochthodromus, Reicheubach, 1. c. (type, Charadrius icilsonius, Ord). 523. PoDASOCYS, Coues, Proc. PMlad. Acad. 1866, 96 (type, Charadrius montanus, Towns.). .524. Scolopax, LinniBiis, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 145 (type, S. rusticida, Linn.). 530. Jrquatella, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 717 (type, Tringa maritima, Briinn.). 533. Actodromas, Kauj), Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 37 (type, Tringa miituta, Leisl.). 539. Pelidna, Cuvier, Reg. An. 1817, 490 (type, Tringa alpina, Linn.). 547. Totanus, Bechstein, Nat. DeutscM. 1803 (tj'pe, Scolopax calidris, Linn.). 554. Machetes, Cnvier, Reg. An. 1817 (type, Tringa pugnax, Linn.). [_Cf. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 100.] 555. Bartramia, Lesson, Traite Ois. 1831, 553 (type, B. laticanda, Less. = Tringa longicauda, Bechst.). [Cy. Coues, 1. c.] 564. LoMpes, Cuvier, Reg. An. 1817 (type, Tringa hyperborea, Linn.). 565. Steganopus, VieiUot, Enc. Meth. 1823 (type, S. tricolor, Vieill. =: Phalaropus wil- soni, Sab.). 568. Parra, Linnseus, S. N. i. ed. 12, 1766, 259 (type, P. jacana, Linn.). [For generic characters and illustrations, see these Proceedings, vol. i. pp. 166, 167, pi. iii.] 578. lonornis, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. 1853, 21 (type, Fidica martinica, Linn.). 586. Olor, Wagler, Ms, 1832, 1234 (type, Cygnus mwsicus, Bechst. = ^nas cygnus, Linn.). 590. Chen, Boie, Isis, 1822 (type, Anas hyperhorea. Pall.). 598. Philacte, Bannister, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nov. 1870, 131 (type. Anas canagicus, Sewast.). 619. Clangula, Fleming, Philos. Jour. 1828 (type, ^n«s cJangula, Ijmn.). [Cf. Dres- ser, B. Eur. pt. xlvi. Dec. 1875; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 101.] 635. NOMONYX, Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, 15 (type. Anas do- minica, Linn.). 642. Phalacrocorax, Brisson, Orn. 1760 (type, Pelecaniis carho, Linn.). [C/. Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. 1877, 14G, foot-note. ] 696. Megalestris, Bonaparte, Consp. ii. 1856, 208 (type, Larus caiarractes, Linn. = Catharacta skua, Briinn.). [C/. CouES, B. N.W. 1874, 603, 604, where, how- ever, Buphagus, Mojhring, is adopted ; but Mcehring's names being inadmissi- ble,* Megalestris, Bp., ''strictly its only synonym" seems the only one availa- ble. 703, Phoeietria, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1853, pi. 26, fig. 348 (type, Diomedea fuUgi- iiosa, Gmel.). 704. Ossifraga, Hombron & Jacquinot, Compt. Rend, xviii. 1844, 356 (type, Procellaria gigantea, Gmel.). 706. Priocella, Hombron & Jacquinot, Comj)t. Rend, xviii. 1844, 357 (tyjie, Procellaria glacialoides, Smith= P. tenuirostris. And.). 707. Priofinm, Hombron & Jacquinot, Compt. Rend, xviii. 1844, 355 (type, Procellaria cinerea, Gmel. (f)= P. melanura, Bonn.). 717. CEstrelata, Bonaparte, Consji. ii. 1855, 188 (tyjie, Procellaria hccsitata, Temm.). 720. Halocyptena, Cones, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1834, 78 (type, H. microsoma, Coues). 721. Procellaria, Linufcus, S.N. ed. 12, i. 1766, 212 (type, P.pelagica, Linn.). 722. Oceanitcs, Keyserliug & Blasius, Wirb. Eur. 1840, 238 (tyi)e, Procellaria oceanica^ Kuhl.). *C/. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, p. 100, sp. 437, Machetes pugnax. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CatalofTTie No. 723. Cymochorea, Coues, Proc. Philad. Aoad. 1864, 75 (type, Procellaria Uucorrhoa, VieilL). 726. Oceanodronw, Reiclieubach, Av. Syst. 1853, xviii. (type, Procellaria furcuta, Gmel.). 730. JEchmo2)horu8, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1832, 221) (type, Podiceps occidentaUs, Lawr. ). 732. Di/tes, Kaup, Syst. Eut. Eur. Thierw. 1829 (type, Cohjmhus cornutus, Gmel.). 734. Tachyhaptes, Keiclieubach, Syst. Nat. Av. 1853, pi. 2 (typo, Colymhiis minor, Gmel.). 742. Utamania, Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816 (type, ^Zca tarda, Liuu.). [Cy. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 18(58,18,19.] 743. Fratercula, Brissoii, Orn. 17G0 (type, Alca arctica, Liun.). [Cf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868,21.] 745. Lunda, Pallas, Zorgr. Eosso-As. 1811, 363 (type, Alca clrrhaia, Pall.). \_Cf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 26. 1 746. Ceraforhina.— Cf. Coues, Key, 1872, 341. \_:^CerorMnca, Bonap. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 1828, 428 (false orthography).] 748. Simorhyiichus, " Merrem, , 1819 (type, Alca crietatella, Pall, fide G.R.Gray)". [0/. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 35. ] 750. Ciceronia, Eeichenbach, Av. Sjst. Nat. 18.53, — (type, Phaleris microeeros, Brandt ^= Uria piisilla, Pall.). 752. Alle, Link, Beschr. Natur.-Samml. Univ. Rostock, 1806, 17 (type, A. nigricans, L,ink= Alca alle, Linn.). [6J. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. Oct. 1879, 244.] 753. SynthliborJiamphus, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. iiv 1837 (type, ^?ca an^wa, Gmel.). 763. Lomvia, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii. 1837, 345 (type, Colymhics troille, Linn.). iCf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 75.] d. Species included in the catalogue ivMch have not yet {according to the records) actually ieen taken xvithin the prescribed limits. [The following species enumerated in the catalogue have not, to this date, been taken within the United States; but all are known to occur so near our southern border as to render it quite certain that their capture within our limits is but a ques- tion of time and investigation. There are also included in this category all the species which are peculiar to the islands of Socorro and Guadalupe and the penin- sula of Lower California.] 8. Meuula confinis. (Cape St. Lucas.) 14. Harpouhynchus cinereus. (Cape St. Lucas.) 18. Hauporhynchus GRAYSONi. (Socorro.) 31. Regulus obscURUS. (Guadalupe.) 43. Parus merimonalis. (Highlands of Mexico.) 49. PsALTRiPARUS melanotis.* (Highlands of Mexico.) 55a. Certhia familiaris mexicana. (Highlands of Mexico.) 57. Campylorhynciius AFFiNis. (Cape St. Lucas.) 58a. Salpinctes obsoi.etus guadalupensis. (Guadalupe.) 62. Thryomanes brevicauda. (Guadalupe.) 89. Parula pitiayumi insularis. (Socorro.) 171. Carpodacus AMPLUS. (Guadalupe.) 195. Passerculus GUTTATUS. (Cape St. Lucas.) 223. JuNco insularis. (Guadalupe.) 238c. PiPiLO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS. (Guadalupe.) 238d. PiPiLO MACULATUS CARMANi. (Socorro.) ?40a. PiPiLO Fuscus ALBiGULA. (Cape St. Lucas.) * Probably seen by me in August, 1868, iu the East Humboldt Mts., Nevada. (Cf. Orn. 40th Parallel Exp. 1877, p. 415.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 229 Catalogue No. • 267. Icterus WAGLERi. (Mexico.) 288. PsiLORHixus MORio. (E. Mexico.) 291. Aphelocoma ULTKAMARiXA coucHii. (E. Mexico.) 347. Basilixna XA^'TUSi. (Cape St. Lucas.) 363rt. Picus scALARis lucasaxus. (Cape St. Lucas.) 377a. Melaxerpes formicivorus angustifroxs. (Cape St. Lucas.) 380. COLAPTES RUFIPILEUS. (Guadalupe.) 381. MoMOTUS CERDLEICEPS. (E. Mexico.) 384. Trogox ambiguus. (Mexico.) 393. CoxuRUS HOLOCHLORUS BREViPES. (Socorro.) 415. Falco ALBiGULARis. (Whole of tropical America.) 424. PoLYBORUS LUTOSUS. (Guadalupe.) 653. SuLA PiscATOR. (Socorro.) 655. PHoETHOX ^THEREUS. (Newfoundland banks; Socorro?) 460. ZEXiEDURA GRAYSOXi, (Socorro.) Of the following species given in tlie catalogue no specimens are known to have been taken within the limits of the United States, with the exception of those de- scribed and figured in Giraud's " Sixteen Species of Texau Birds" (1841).* 59. Catherpes mexicanus {=CtviMa albifrons, Giraud). 130. Setophaga mixiata {^Muscicapd dej-hami, Giraud). 132. Ergaticus ruber {=Pa7-us leuvotis, Giraud). 133. Basileuterus culicivorus {=zMu8cifapa brasieri, Giraud). 134. Basileuterus bellii {:=Muscicapa belUi, Giraud). 160. EuPHOXiA ELEGAXTissiMA {=Pipra (JaUriculata, Giraud). 1826. AsTRAGALixus PSALTRiA MEXICANUS (=^Fringilla texmsis, Giraud). 309. Myiozetetes texexsis {^^Muscicapa texensis, Giraud). 314. Myiarchus lawrexcei {=:Tyrannula lawrencU, Giraud). 329. Empidonax fulvifroxs {^=:Muscicapa fulvifroiis, Giraud). e. Species {chiefly Palccarctic) which occur only as siragglers or visitants in Eastern North America, or which occur regularly only in Greenland and adjacent portions of the conti- nent.i [6.] TuRDUS iriACUS. Accidental in Greenland. [69.] Motacilla ALBA. Accidental in Greenland. [178.] ^giothus caxescens. Resident in Greenland. [279.] Sturxus vulgaris. Accidental in Greenland. [412a.] HiEROFALCO gyrfalco islandus. Resident in South Greenland. [416.] ^SALOX regulus. Accidental in Greenland. [422. ] TixxuxcuLUS alaudarius. Accidental in Greenland. [435. ] BuTEO VULGARIS. Accidental in Michigan ? [ Cf. Mayxard, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 1. 18.] 452. Hali/eetus axbicill.\. Resident in Greenland. [488. ] Ardea cixerea. Accidental in Greenland. [506.] Hjematopus ostralegus. Accidental in Greenland. [514. ] Charadrius pluvialis. Accidental in Greenland. 518. ^Egialitis hiaticula. Breeding in Greenland and west of Cumberland Gulf. [524.] ScoLOPAX rusticula. Accidental in Newfoundland and Eastern United States. [526.] Gallixago media. Casual in Greenland and Bermudas. * These specimens are now in the collection of the United States National Museum, t Strictly pelagic birds, which are more or less numerous off the coast, are excluded from this and the following lists. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Catalogue No. [539.] Pelidna am>ina. Breeds in Greenland and Hudson's Bay Territory. [540. ] Pelidna subauquata. Casual in Eastern North America (several records). [546.] LiMOSA jegocephala. Accidental in Greenland. [547.] TOTANUS GLOTTIS. Accidental in Florida. [551.] Ehyacophilus ochropus. Accidental in Nova Scotia. [554.] Machetes pugnax. Casual in Eastern North America (several records). [561.] NuMENius PH^OPUS. Accidental in Greenland. [573.] Porzana maruetta. Accidental in Greenland. [.577.] Crex pratensis. Casual in Eastern North America, including Greenland. [586.] Olor cygnus. Accidental in Greenland. [587.] Olor MINOR. Casual (?) in fur countries. [593.] Anser albifrons. Breeds in South Greenland. [597.] Bernicla leucopsis. Casual in Eastern North America. [611.] Nettion crecca. Casual in Eastern North America. 627. SOMATERIA MOLLissiMA. Resident in Greenland and west side of Cumterland Gulf. [631.] Melanetta FUSCA. Accidental in Greenland. [665.] Larus affinis. Accidental in Greenland. [694.] Hydrochelidon LEUCOPTERA. Accidental in Wisconsin. [711.] PuFFiNUS ANGLORUM. Casual (?) otf Atlantic coast. [717.] ffisTUELATA H^siTATA. Accidental off Atlantic coast of U. S. [718.] (EsTRELATA BULWERi. Accidental ueur Greenland. 7'28. Fregetta grallaria. Accidental off coast of Florida. [733.] Dytes auritus. Breeds in South Greenland. 743a. Fratercula arctica glacialis. Resident in Greenland. /. Palcearctic and oceanic sjyecies occurring only in Alaska and other parts of the Pacific coast. [20.] Cyanecula suecica. St. Michael's, Alaska, June 5, 1850. (See p. 215.) [34.] PiiYLLOSCOPUS borealis. Breeds in Alaska. [44. ] Parus cinctus. Abundant resident in Alaska. [70.] Budytes FLAVA. Breeds abundantly in Alaska. [167.] Pyrrhula CASSINI. Resident (?) in Alaska. [399a.] Ulula cinerea lapponica. Casual (?) in Alaska (St. Michael's). [4G7a.] SURNIA FUNEREA ULULA. Casual (?) in Alaska (St. Michael's). 511. Aphriza virgata. Casual along entire Pacitic coast of America. [515a.] Charadrius dominicus FULAaTS. Regular autumnal visitant to Alaska. [519.] iEGiALiTis curonica. Accidental in California (?). [533.] AcTODROMAS ACUMINATA. Accidental on coast of Alaska. 544. LiMOSA LAPPONICA NOViE-ZEALANDiai. Abundant visitant to Alaska. 553. Heteroscelus INCANUS. Whole Pacific coast. (Breeds.) [562.] NUMENIUS TAHiTiENSis. Accidental in Alaska (Kadiak). [702.] DiOMEDEA CULMINATA. Accidental off mouth of Columbia River (Audubon). [703.] Phcebetria fuliginosa. Casual off Pacific coast. [704.] OssiFRAGA GIGANTEA. Accidental off Pacific coast of U. S. 706. Priocella tenuirostris. Casual (?) off Pacific coast. 707. Priofinus melanurus. Accidental off coast of California. 710. PuFFiNUS creatopus. Accidental (?) off coast of California. 713. PuFFiNUS GAViA. Casual (?) off coast of Lower California. 715. PUFFINUS GRISEUS. Casual (?) off coast of Lower California. 716. PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS. North Pacific (casual?). [719.] Daption capensis. Accidental off coast of California. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 231 g. Palwa-rctic species occurring both in Greenland and Alaska, hut not recorded from avy intermediate point in Noi'th America. Catalogue No. [•31.] Saxicola cenanthe. Breeds in Greenlautl aud on west side of Cumberland Gulf. [72.] Anthus pratexsis. Accidental (?) in Greenland and Alaska. [.')12.] Vanellus cristatcs. Accidental in Greenland (and Alaska?). [()06. J Mareca PENELOPE. Occurs in various parts of North America, south to North Carolina, and San Francisco. h. Tropical American species occurring only in southern portions of United States. eastern province, including FLORIDA AND COAST OF TEXAS.* 137. ViREOSYLViA CALiDRis BARBATULA. (South Florida.) Rah. Cuba. 159. Certhiola BAHAMENSis. (Indian Key.) ZTa^. Bahamas. 184. Chrysomitris notata. (Accidental in lientucky, ^de Audubon.) Hah. high- lands of Mexico and Guatemala. 253. Phonipara ZENA. (Key West.) iJaS. West Indies in general. 265. Icterus VULG^VRIS. (South Carolina, etc.) Hah. Jamaica and northern South America. 302. Milvulus tyrannus. (Accidental in Mississippi, New Jersey, etc.) Hah. whole of tropical South America east of the Andes, Atlantic coast region of Central America (and Mexico?). 303. Tyrannus dominicensis. (Florida. ) Hah. whole of West Indies. 3576. CnoRDEiLES popetue minor. (Florida.) Hah. Cuba and Jamaica. 386. CoccYzus SENicuLUS. (Florida, Louisiana?) Hah. West Indies and parts of northern South America. 389. Crotophaga ANi. (Tortugas; near Philadelphia!) i7a&. West Indies and parts of northern South America. 420a. TiNNUNCULUS sparverius isabellinus. 421. TiNNUNCULUS sparverioides. (Florida.) Hah. Cuba. 429. RosTRHAMUS sociABiLis PLUMBEUS. (Florida.) Hah. Tropical America iu general. 458. CoLUMBA LEUCOCEPiiALA. (Florida Keys. ) ila&. West Indies; Honduras. 462. Zen.eda amabilis. (Florida Keys. ) Hah. Greater Antilles. 467. Geotrygon MARTiNiCA. (Florida Keys. ) ^a6. West Indies. 468. Starncenas cyanocephala. (Florida Keys.) Hah. Cuba. 502. EuDOCiMUS RUBER. (Louisiana?) ^a6. Northern South America; Jamaica. 503. Plegadis falcinellus. (Florida, straggling northward.) Hah. Eastern Hem- is^jhere chietiy. 578. lONORNis MARTINICA. (Southern portions in general, straggling northward.) Hah. whole of tropical America. 581. Aramus pictus. (Florida.) Hah. West Indies and Atlantic coast of Central America. 585. Phcenicopterus RUBER. (Florida Keys.) fl'flft. West Indies and shores of Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Galajjagos. 635. NoMONYX DOMiNicus. (Accidental on Lake Champlaiu and in Wisconsin.) Hah. whole of tropical America. 692. Sterna ax^stiieta. (Florida.) iTaft. tropics generally. 734. Tachybaptes dominicus. (Lower Rio Grande, in Texas.) Hah. Tropical Amer- ica iu general. * Excluding species peculiar to Plorida. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SOUTHWESTERN BORDER—TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA. [The species of this list which are peculiar to the more elevated portious of Mexico and Guatemala (including the contiguous southern border of the United States) are distinguished by an asterisk (*) prefixed to the number. The avi-fauna of temperate Mexico is decidedly more nearly related to that of the Western Province of North America than to the tropical fauna of the Mexican tierra caliente or hot coast-region. The genera of Neotropical atifinities are jtrinted in italics.] Catalogue No. * 13a. Harporhynchus rufus longirostris. (Lower Eio Grande.) * 15. Harporhynchus curvirostris. (Lower Eio Grande.) * 26. Phainopepla nitens. (Texas to California.) * 37. Lophophaneo atrocristatus. (Lower Rio Grande.) * 39. Lophophanes wollweberi. (New Mexico; Arizona.) * 49. Psaltriparus melanotis. (Nevada?) * 50. Auriparus flaviceps. (Texas to Arizona.) * 56. Campylorhynchus hrunneicapiUus. (Texas to California.) * 59. Catherpes MEXICAN«JS. (Lower Rio Grande?) * 60a. Thryotiiorus LUDoviciANUS BERLANDiERi. (Lower Rio Grande.) * 616. Tiiryomanes bewicki leucogaster. (Lower Rio Grande to Arizona.) * 83. Helminthophaga i-uciiE. (Arizona.) * 89a. Parula insularis nigrilora. (Lower Rio Grande.) * 92. Peucedramus olivaceus. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.) *104. Dendrqeca GRACiiE. (Arizona.) *103.«DENnR(ECA CHRYSOPARiA. (Texas.) *129. Setophaga picta. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.) *130. Setophaga miniata. (Lower Rio Grande?) *131. Cardellina RUBRIFRONS. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.) *132. Ergaticus RUBER. (Lower Rio Grande ?) 133. Basileuterus cuUeivorus. (Lower Rio Grande?) *134. Basileuterus heUii. (Lower Rio Grande?) *136. ViREOSYLViA AGiLis FLAVO-viRiDis. (Lower Rio Grande ?) *142. ViREO ATRiCAPiLLUS. (Tcxas.) *147. ViREO viciNioR. (Arizona; Southern California.) 160. Euplionia eleganiissima. (Lower Rio Grande?) *163. Pyranga hepatica. (New Mexico ; Arizona.) *lG4a. Pyranga ^siva cooperi. (New Mexico ; Arizona.) *182a. Astragalinus psaltria arizon^.^ (Upper Rio Grande to Arizona.) 1826. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus. (Lower Rio Grande ?) *215. Spizella atkogularis. (Lower Rio Grande to Lower California.) *222, JuNCO cinereus. (Arizona. ) *227. PeuC/EA ARizoNiE. (Lower Rio Grande to Arizona.) *230a. Peuc^ea ruficeps boucardi. (Arizona.) *236. Etnhernagra rufivirgata. (Lower Rio Grande.) *241. PiPiLO aberti. (Arizona.) *242a. Cardinalis viRGiNiANUS iGNEUS. (Arizona; Lower California.) *243. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata. (Lower Rio Grande to Lower California.) *250. Passerina versicolor. (Lower Rio Grande.*) 252. Spermo]}hila moreletii. (Lower Rio Grande.) *258a. Molothrus ater obscurus. (Texas to Lower California.) 259. Molothrus yENeus. (Lower Rio Grande.) 263a. Sturnella magna mexicana. (Lower Rio Grande.) * Accidental in Michigan ! PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233 Catalogue No. *266. Icterus audubonii. (Lower Eio Grande.) *2G8. Icterus PARisoKUM. (Texas to Lower California.) *269. Icterus cucullatus. (Texas to Lower California.) *275. QuiscALUS MACRURUS. (Lowcr Eio Grande.) *27G. QUISCAI.US palustris. (Head of Gulf of California? coast of Louisiana.) *295. Aphelocoma sordida ARizoNiE. (Arizona.) *296. Xanthura luxuosa. (Lower Rio Grande.) *334. Eugenes fulgens. (Arizona.) *342. Atthis HELOisiE. (Texas.) *344. Calothorax lucifer. (Ai-izoua.) 345. AmaziUa fusdcaudata. (Lowcr Rio Grande.) *346. Amasilia yucaiaiiensis. (Lower Rio Grande. ) *348. Iache latirostris. (Arizona.) 356. Nyctidromus ALBICOLLIS. (Lower Rio Grande.) *358. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis. (Texas to Lower California.) *363. Picus SCALARIS. (Texas to Arizona.) *365. Picus stricklandi. (Arizona.) *373. Centurus aurifrons. (Lower Rio Grande.) *374. Centurus uropygialis. (Arizona.) 383. Ceryle AMERICANA CABiNisii. (Texas to Arizona.) 390. Crotophaga sulcirostris. (Lower Rio Grande.) *391. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha. (Rio Grande Valley ?) *402&. Scops asio maccalli. (Texas.) *403. Scops trichopsis. (New Mexico ; Stockton, Cal. ?) *404. Scops flammeolus. (North to about 40° in higher western mountains.) 410. Glaucidium phal.enoides. (Texas and Arizona.) *411. MiCRATHENE WHITNEYI. (Arizona; S.E.California.) 419. Ehynchofaxco fusco-cerulescens. (Texas; New Mexico.) 434. Antenor unicinctus harrisi. (Louisiana to Lower California.) 440. BuTEO abbreviatus. (Arizona ; Southern California.) 441. BuTEO ALBiCAUDATUS. (S. Texas.) 444. Urhitinga anthracina. (Arizona.) 445. ASTURINA NiTiDA PLAGIATA. (Arizona.*) 450. Thras^tus harpyia. (Lower Rio Grande; Louisiana?) 457. COLUMBA ERYTHRiNA. (S. Texas.) *4r)3. Engyptila albifrons. (S.Texas.) 464. Melopelia leucoptera. (Texas to Lower Cttlifornia.) *466. SCARDAFELLA INCA. (Southern Tcxas.) *469. Ortalis vetula maccalli. (S. Texas.) *470. Meleagris GALLOPAVO, (NewMexico; Upper Rio Grande in Texas.) 483. LOPHORTYX GAMBELi. (W. Texas to Arizona.) 4H4. Callipepla squamata. (W. Texas to Arizona.) 485. Cyrtonyx MASSENA. (W. Texas to Arizona.) 499. Mycteria americana. (Southern Texas.) ENTIRE SOUTHERN BORDER. 423. Polyborus CHERIWAY. 427. Elanus glaucus. 455. Catharista atrata. 465. Cham^pelia passerina. * Accidental in Southern Illinois (only once observed). 234 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i. Supposed valid species descrihed by Aiiduhon and Wilson, which, have not since been met with, and of which no specimens are known to exist in collections. Catalogue No. 32. Regulus cuvieri, Atid. Orn. Biog. i. 1832, 288, pi. 55 ("Banks of Schuylkill River, Pa., Juue, 1812").—Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 228; Review, i. 1864, 66.— B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 75, pi. 5, fig. 7. 91. Perissoglossa carbonata (And.) Ridgw. — Sijlvia carhonata, Aud. Orn. Biog. i. 1831, 308, pi. 60 (Kentucky). — Dendroica carhonata, Baird, B. N. Am, 1858, 287 ; Review, i. 1885, 207. — Perissoglossa carbonata, B. B. &, R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 214, pi. 12, fig. 3. 112. Dendrceca MONTANA (Wils.) Baird. — Sylvia montana, WiLS. Am. Orn. v. 1812, 113, pi. xliv. fig. 2 ("Blue Mts. of Pennsylvania "). — Aud. Orn. Biog. v. 294 ("California"). — Dendroica montana, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 279; Review, i. 1865, \m.—Dendroeca montana, B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 271, 126. WiLSONiA MiNUTA (Wils.) Bp. — Muscicapa minuta, Wii^s. Am. Orn. vJ, 1812, 62, pi. 1. fig. 5. — Aud. Orn. Biog. v, pi. 434, fig. 3; B. Am. i, pi, 67.- Myiodioctes minutus, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 293; Review, 1865, 241.—B. B. «& R. Hist, N. Am, B, i, 1874, 316, pi, 16, fig, 2. I. List of untenable species and races of North American birds described since 1858, 1, Helminthophaga ruficapiUa var, ocularis, B. B, & R, Hist, N, Am, B, i, 1874, 191, (Chicago, 111.) = No. 85, (?) 2, Helminthophaga ruficapiUa var, gutturalis, B. B, & R, Hist, N, Am. B, i, 1874, 191, (East Humboldt Mts,, Nevada; Ft, Tejon, Cal,) =No, 85? 3. Helminthophaga celata var. obscura, B, B, & R, Hist. N, Am, B, 1.1874, 192, (Geor- gia and Florida,) =No, 86. 4. Hirundo bicolor var, vespertina, Cooper, Am, Nat, x, Feb, 1876, 91, (California.) = No. 155. 5. Co??)/rio c/ic??i« n(/ensis, Gregg, Proc. Elmira Acad, i, 1870, 9, (New York.) =No. 148, juv. 6. Hesperiphona vespertina var. montana, Ridgw. in B, B, & R, Hist, N. Am, B, i. 1874, 449, pi, 22, fig, 4, (Southern Rocky Mts. and mountain regions of Mex- ico.) = No. 165. (?) 7. Loxia atrata, von Homeyer, Jour, fiir Orn. 1879, 179, (North America,) = No, 173 ?? * 8. Leucosticte campestris, Baird, Orn, Cal, i, 1870, 163, (Colorado,) =No, 175a (individual variation), (?) 9, Linaria brunnescens, von Homeyer, .Jour, fiir Orn. 1879, 184. ("Lapland, Gron- land, Schweden.")t =No. 179a? * "Somewhat smaller than L. leucoptera, but with about the same length of wing, the tail at least IQmm shorter. Distinguished by its coloration. The red in ground tone is nearest rhat of the "Haken- gimpel" [Pinicola envcleator] but everywliere darker, and saturated, as it were, with black, this color extending indefinitely both on the back as well as on the middle of the belly to the breast, as also on the lower tail-coverts. The feet are even darker colored than in leucoptera. The wing-bands are un- affected for the most part, although not quite so broad. This is especially seen in the first or terminal band, which begins, scarcely visible, at the edge of the wing, and remains very inconsiderable to the middle, then quickly expands to a great rounded spot. The extent of the second band is everywhere much more limited than in leucoptera." " This is decidedly not a melanism, as is shown, not alone by the character of the coloration, but by the ocurrence of two old males exactly alike." "My two birds came from North America." [Translation.'] t "The dark Linnet is nearest to this species in size, but it is easily distinguished by many features. The whole upper jiarts are blackish brown, with very narrow margins to the feathers of whitish and rusty yellow, which, on the rump, return to the ground color ; on the sides of the head the feathers .also have very fine, rusty white margins ; the throat-spot is very large ; the entire under parts to the mid- dle of the belly are densely covered with many large, dark brown longitudinal streaks. Two birds killed in Lapland, June-July (sexes not detenuined), show a tender red on the side of the head. The PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235 Catalogue No. 10. JSgiothus fuscescens, CouES, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1861, 222. (Labrador.) =No. 179 (midsummer plumage). 11. xE(jiotlms rostmtm, CouES, 1. c. (Greenland.) =No. 179a (midsummer plumage). 12. Centronyx oclirocephalus, Aiken, Am. Nat. vii. 1873, 237. (El Paso Co., Colorado.) = No. 191 (autumual plumage). .13. Passo'culus caboti, B. B »& R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. 1874, pi. xlvi. fig. 9. (Nahant, Massachusetts.) = No. 233. IJSfot deacrihed ! \ 14. Sjjizella evum, CouES, The Ibis, 1865, 118, 164. (Ft. Whipple, Ariz.) =No. 215, young. 15. Passerella obscura, Verrill, Proc. Boston Soc. ix. 1862, 153. (Anticosti I.) =:No. 235, young. 16. Hedymeles melanocephalus var. capitalis, B. B. &c R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 74. (Pacific coast of Mexico and United States.) =No. 245. 17. &Miraca ccBrwZea var. ewr%nc7ta, CouES, Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 563. (Mexico.) =No. 246. 18. Dolichonyx oryzivarus Tar. albinucha, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. v. Nov. 1873, 192. (Missouri plains to Salt Lake Valley.) =No. 257. 19. Empidonax jiygmceus, Minot, Land and Game Birds New England, 1877,—. (Near Boston, Mass.) lAvis Jictita! ] 20. Dryobates liyloscopus, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. June 25, 1863, 69. (San Jo86, Cal.) =No. 360&. 21. Dryobates homorus, Cab. & Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. June 25, 1863, 65. (California.) = No. 361a. 22. Picus cuvieri, Malh. Mon. Pic. i. 1861, 85, pi. 22, fig. 3. (North America.) =No. 360, 9 ad. 23. Ficus turati, Malh. Mon. Pic. i. 1861, 125, pi. 29, figs. 5, 6, 7. (California and Rocky Mountains.) = No. 361, $ ad. 24. Cliamcepelia passerina var. pallescens, Baird, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 305. (Cape St. Lucas.) =No. 465. 25. Pediocwtes kennicotti, SucKi.. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1861, 361. =No. 478. 26. Bonasa jobsii, Jaycox, Am. Nat. 27. Ibis thalassinus, Ridgw. Am. Nat. viii. Feb. 1874, 110. (Pacific coast of America, from California to Chili.) =:No. 504, juv. 28. Ardea cyanirostris, CORY, Birds of the Bahama Islands, 1880, —. (Bahamas.) = No. 492, breeding plumage. 29. Cygnus passmorei, Hincks, Pr. Linn. viii. 1864, 1. (Toronto, Canada.) =:No. 589, juv. 30. Bernicla barnstoni, Ross, Canad. Nat. vii. April, 1862, —. = 594, var. ? 31. Bernicla leucolwma, MuRRY, Ediub. Phil. Jour. April, 1859, 226, pi. 4, fig. 1. = 594, var. 32. Pelecanus occipitalis, RiGDW. Am. Sportsman, iv. 1874, 297. (Nevada.) =No. 640, adult, breeding plumage, after loss of occipital crest, the latter replaced by dusky-grayish patch. 33. Thalasseus caspius var. imperator, CoUES, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1862, 538, in text. (North America.) = No. 680. 34. Sterna portlandica, Ridgw. Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 433. (Portland, Maine.) =No. 687, jux\, second year 35. Sterna fuliginosa var. crissalis, Baikd, Pr. Boston Soc. xiv. 1872, 285. (Socorro I., N. W. Mexico.) =:No. 681. wing-bands are merely indicated. The bill is very characteristic. It is somewhat weaker at the base than in L. hornemanni, but longer and remarkably darker in all seven specimens. "The bird figured by Dresser on the second plate (lower figure) belongs here, and is by no means the young of L. hornemanni, as sujjposed by Uresser." [This description accords well in every particular with the dark summer stage oi JEgiothus linaria holbolli, described in 1861 by Dr. Coues as JE. rostratus, the type of which came from Greenland. — H. R.J 236 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. k. List of exotic species which have been attributed to North America by various authors, but apparently without sufficient evidence of their occurrence* 1. Anthus cervinus, Pall.—Zander, Jour, fiir Orn. Extraliefti. 1853, 64. (Aleutian Islauds.) 2. Geothlypis cequinoctialis (Gmel.) Cabau. — Sylvia delafieldii, AxJD. Oru. Biog. v. 1839, 307 {"Oregon").—Trichas delafieldii, Aur>. B. A. Am. ii. 1841, 81, pi. 103.— Geothlypis velaius, Baird, B. N. Am. 1859, 243; Cat. 1859, No. 171. 3. Lanius lahtora, Sykes. — Lanius elegans. Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. ii. 1831, 122 (fur countries).—NuTT. Man. ii. 1832, .566. [Not Collurio elegans, Baird.] 4. Proyne leucogastra, Baird. P. chalybea, Cass. Illustr. 1856, 246 (California, fide J. G. Bell). 5. Astragalinus yarrelli (And.) Caban. — Carduelis yarrelU, AuD. Synop. 1839, 117 ("California"); B. Am. iii. 1841, 136, pi. 184. — Chrysomitris yarrelli, Baird, B. Am. 1858, 421 ; Cat. 1859, No. 312. 6. Astragalinus barbatus (Mol.) . — Carduelis stanleyi, AuD. Synop. 1839, 118 ("California"); B. Am. iii. 1841, 137, pi. 185. Chrysomitris stanleyi, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 420 ; Cat. 1859, No. 311. 7. Hypolia arctoa (Pall.) Eidgw. — Leucosticte orctoa, Caban. Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 154 ("Russich-America"). — Leucosticte arctous, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 430; Cat. 1859, No. 324. 8. Carpodacus HiEMORRHOUS (Licbt.) Scl. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 417, foot-note (Nortb America ?) ; Cat. 1859, No. 309. 9. LoxiA PITYOPSITTACUS, Bechst.—C/. Nuttall, Man. Orn. Laud Birds, ed. 1832, 537 (" bigb northern regions of America", fide Temminck). 10. '^ Zonotrichia" pileata (Bodd.) . — Frlngilla mortonii^ AuD. Orn. Biog. v. 312; B. Am. iii. 1841, 152, pi. 190 ("Nortb California"). 11. Cynchramus sehwniclus {Liinn.) Boie. Emberiza sc/icentcZMS, NuTT. Man. Orn. Land Birds, ed. 1832, ii. 5»6 (" vicinity of Harrisburg in Pennsylvania", fide Audu- bon). 12. Melanocorypha calandra (Linn.) Boie. Alauda calandra, Linn., Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 244 ("fur countries"; spec, presented by the Hudson's Bay Co. said to be in tbe British Museum). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 580. 13. Trupialis militaris (Linn.) Bp.—Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 533 ("California"); Cat. 1859, No. 405. 14. Icterus melanocephalus (Wagl.) Gray. Cass. Illustr. 1856, 137, pi. 21 (Texas and New Mexico). — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 543 (not given as Nortb Ameri- can!); Cat. 1859, No. 410. 15. Calocitta colliei (Vig.) Finsch.—" Pica bullocUi, Wagl.", AuD. B. Am. iv. 1842, 105, pi. 229 ("woodj' portions of Nortb CaUfomia"). — Garrulus bullockii, Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 230 ("Columbia R."). 16. Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 176 (not given as North American) ; Cat. 1859, No. 129. 17. Lampornis violicauda (Bodd.) Elliot.—" TrocMlus mango, Linn.", AuD. Orn. Biog. ii. 480; B. Am. iv. 1842, 186, pi. 251 ("Florida Keys"). Lampornis mango, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 130 ; Cat. 1859, No. 100. 18. Campephilus imperiaeis (Gould) Gray. Picus imperialis, AuD. Orn. Biog. v. 313; B. Am. iv. 1842. 212 ("Rocky Mountains and North California). — Cass. Illustr. 1856, 285, pi. 49.—Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 82; Cat. 1859, No. 73. * This list does not iuclude American species wrongly supposed by authors to be the same as Euro- pean species, and so named, e.g. Circus "cyaneus" for C. hvdsonius, Regulus "cristatus " iov R. satrapa, Troglodytes "parvulus" or T. " enropceus" ior T. hyemalis, etc., etc., but only those which were through actual error (as it appe.ars) wrongly attributed to North America. Species which are most likely to have occurred in North America are printed in small capitals; those whose occurrence would in any case be purely accidental are printed in italics. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 237 19. Hylotomus scapuxaris (Vig.) Ridgw.—" Picus lineatue, Linn.", Aud. Orn. Biog. V. 315; B. Am. iv. 1842, 233 ("Columbia River"). 20. Stkix stridula, Linn.—/S. aluco, Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 135 (Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay). 21. Carine noctua (Scop.) Kaup. — " Strix passenna, Linn.", Aud. Orn. Biog. t. 269. — "Siirnia paaserina, Linn.", Aud. B. Am. i. 1840, 116 ("Pictou, Nova Scotia"). 22. Speoiijto cunicrdaria (Mol.) . Athene cunicularia, Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 60 ("North America, west of Rocky Mountains"). 23. THALASSOiETUS PEi.AGicus (Pall.) Kaup. — Aquila pelagica, Pall. Zoogr Rosso- As. i. 1811, 343 (Russian America, fide Steller). — Raliaetus pelagicus, Cass. Illustr. 1856, 31, pi. 6; in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858; Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 40. 24. Sarcorhamphiis grrjplms (Linn.) Dum. — Cathartes gryphus, Bonap. Am. Orn. iv. 1833, 318, pi. 22.—NuTT. Man. i.l832, 35. 25. Gyparchus papa (Linn.) Glog. Cathartes papa, Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 40 ("from the 30th degree of north latitude to the 32d in the southern hemisphere"). 26. Cathartes burrovianus, Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 6 ("Lower Califor- nia"); Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 4. [C/. Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. April, 1880, 83.] 27. LoPHORTYX ELEGANS (Less.) Nutt. — Ch-tyx elegans, Nutt. Man. ed. 1840, i. 792 ("Upper California", /(7e Lesson). 28. BuTORiDES BRUNNESCENS (Gundl.) Baird. Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 677 (in text); Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 494. 29. Hcematopus atei-, Vi^ll. — Hamatopus totcnseiidii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. 1839, 247, pi. 427; B. Am. v. 1842, 245, pi. '326.—Hcematopus ater, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 700; Cat. 1859, No. 514. 30. "Tringa" platyrhyncha, Temm. Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 114 (Arctic America, fide Temminck and Bonaparte). 31. AcTODROMAS MiNUTA (Linu.) Kaup. Tringa viinuta, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 385 (Nelson and Hayes Rivers; "seen abundantly in the autumn"). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1834, 119. 32. Actodromas temmincki (Leisl.) Ridgw. — Tringa temmincM, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 119 (Arctic America). 33. Totaxus calidris (Linn.) Bechst.—Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 391 ("Hud- son's Bay"; spec, in British Museum). Nutt. Man. ii. 1834, 155. 34. Heliornis fulica (Bodd.) . — H. surinamensts, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 510 ("acci- dental visitor in the Middle States of the Union"). 35. Anser segetum (Gmel.) Lonap. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 348 (Canada and Hudson's Bay). 36. Cairina moschata (Linn.) Caban. Anas moschata, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 403 Lower Mississippi and Gulf coast of U. S.). 37. CEdemia nigra (Linn.) Hen. FuUgula nigra, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 423 ("coast of the United States"). 38. Mergellus albellus (Linn.) Selby. Mergiis alhellus, Wils. Am. Orn. iii. pi. Ixxi. tig. 4 (New England and New York; nun erous). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 467.—Aud. Orn. Biog. iv. 350; B. Am. vi. 1843, 4U8, pi. 414 ("Lake Bara- taria, not far from New Orleans"). 39. Phalacrocorax graculus (Linn.) Leach.—Nutt. Mau. ii. 1832, 484 ("South of Greenland " ; United States in winter). 40. Phalaci'ocorax pygma'us, Pall. Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 487 (Northern North Amer- ica, fide Bonaparte). 41. Phalacrocorax africanus (Gmel.) Dumont. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 488 ("United States", fide Audubon). 42. Larus fuscus, Linn. Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 302 (Greenland, Newfoundland, and Hudson's Bay). 238 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43. Larus capistratus, Temm. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 290 (Delaware R. and Chesa- peake Bay). 44. Larus minutus, Pall.—Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 426 (given on Sabine's authority). — Nutt. Man. ii. 18J2, 289. — Chroicocephalus minutus, Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 853.—Baird, Cat. 18.59, No. 671. 45. DiOMEDEA EXULANS, Linn. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 340 (" accidentally to the coasts of the central part of the Union"). — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 821. — Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 630. 46. PoDiCEPS cristatus (Linn.) Lath.—Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 410 (throngh- ont fur countries). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 250. — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 893.—Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 703. 47. Tachybaptes minor (Linn.) Coues. — Fodiceps minor, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 257 (Hudson's Bay). I. Partial list of foreign birds wliich have been introduced to the United States, and those which have been captured after escape from, confinement. species introduced with a view to their naturalization.* 1. Passer domesticus (Linn.) Leacli. European House Sparrow. The attempted naturalization of tMs Inrd has proved decidedly successful. The case is so notorious that further comment is unnecessary. 2. Passer MONTANUS (Linn.) Stephens. European Tree Sparrow. Has become nat- uralized in the vicinity of Saint Louis, Mo., but the history of its introduction is unknown. (See Merrill, Bull. Nutt. Om. Club.), 4. Alauda arvensis, Linn. Skylark. Partially naturalized in the vicinity of Cin- cinnati, on Loug Island, and perhaps other localities. 5. COTURNix COMMUNIS (Linn.) Bonn. European Quail. Introduced to various local ities in the Eastern United States, and partially naturalized. species which have been CAPTURED AFTER ESCAPE FROM CONFINEMENT. t 1. Amadina rubro-nigra, . Brunswick, Maine, March, 1879; Leslie A. Lee. (Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 119.) Eab. ludia. 2. Crithagra butyracea, . South Scituate, Mass., in midwinter. (Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. XX. 271.) Hab. South Africa. 3. LiGURiNUS CHLORis (Linn.) Koch. Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., March 19, 1878; R. B. Hough. (C/. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 119.) Sa6. Europe. 4. Carduelis elegans, Steph. Eastern Massachusetts, many captures. (Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 120.) Hab. Europe. 5. Serinus meridionalis, Brehm. Western Massachusetts, in winter. (Allen, L c.) Hab. Europe. 6. Corvus frugilegus, Linn. Washington, D. C, August, lf79. An example of this species was seen by me in August, 1879, in the grounds of tlie Agricul- tural Department in Washington. It was perched in a maple tree near one of the outbuild- ings, was very tame, and flevr laboriously, as if very recently escaped ft'om confinement. I am, as yet, ignorant of the history of this specimen, nor have I since seen it. ' 7. CONURUS xanthogenius, Bp. Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies. An example of this species, shot in a grove near Washington, by Dr. D. W. Prentiss, is in the National Museum collection. Of course it was an escaped cage-bird. 8. Chenalopex ^gyptiaca (Linn.) Steph. Camarsie, Long Island, Jan. 3, 1877. (Akhurst, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. Apr. 1877, 52.) Hah. Southern Europe and Africa. * This list does not include domesticated birds. tThis list is, of course, very incomplete ; it includes merely a few species, the records of whose cap- ture I happen to have at hand. A more complete list would be desirable, but want of time forbids its compilation in the present connection. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239 Table of families of North American birds, showing number of genera and species of each according to the foregoing catalogue* Number of tlie cata- 240 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TaMe of families of North American birds—Continued. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. Phcenicopteridse . . Anatidae TachypetidsB . PelecanidsB Phalacrocoracidaj Plotida3 Sularidse Phaetliontidae . . . , Rbyncliopsidae ... LaridsB StercorariidsB Procellariidae Podi cipitidiB Colymbidse Alcidse Number of the cata- logue. 585 586-638 639 640-641 642-648 649 650-653 654-655 656 657-695 696-699 700-728 729-735 736-740 741-764 Number of gen- era. 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 2 15 5 1 14 Number of spe- cies. .53+ 6= 59 1 2 7+ ; 1 4 2 1 39 -f 1 4 29+ 2= 31 7+ 1= 8 5 24+ 3= 27 10 41 SUMMARY. Number of genera Number of species Number of subspecies 379 764 160 CONCORDANCE. No. of PEOCEEDINGS OF TJNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Concordance—Continued. 241 No. of 242 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Concordance—Continued. No. of INDEX TO THE GENERA. [The numbers refer to the first species of each genus in the catalogue.] A. Accipiter 431 Actodromas 533 ^cbmopliorns 729 ^gialitis 517 ^giothus 178 JEsalou 416 AgeltEus 261 Aix 613 Ajaja 505 Alauda 299 Alca 741 AUe 752 Aluco 394 Amazilia 345 Auuiiodromus 201 Ampelis 150 Aiuiihispiza 224 Anas 601 Anorthura 65 Anous 695 Anser 593 Anteuor 434 Anthus 71 Antrostomus 353 Aphelocoma 291 Aphriza 511 Aqiiila : 449 Aramus 581 Archibuteo 447 Ardea 486 Ardetta 498 Arquatella 530 Asio 395 Astragalinus 181 Astiir 433 Asturina 445 Atthis 342 Auriparus 50 Aythya 617 B. Bartramia 555 Basileuterus 133 Paget Basilinna 347 Bernicla 594 Bonasa 473 Botaurus 497 Brachyrhampliiis 755 Bubo 405 Budytes 70 Buteo .^ 435 Butorides 494 C. Calamospiza 256 Calidris 542 Callipepla 484 Calotborax 344 Calypte 337 Caiupepbilus 359 Camptohiimus 624 Campylorbyncbus 56 Cauace 471 Caprimulgus 354 Cardellina 131 Caidiualis 242 Carpodacus 158 Catharista 455 Catbartes 454 Catberpes 59 Centrocerciis , 479 Centronyx 191 Centropbanes 187 Centurus 372 Ceratorbina 746 Certbia 55 Certbiobi 159 Ceryle 382 CbcEtura 351 Cbamrea 35 Cbanifepelia 465 Cbaradiins 514 Cbaiilelasmus 604 Cbeu 590 Cbondestes 204 Cbordeiles 357 Cbrysomitris 184 243 244 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page. Ciceronia 750 Ciuclus 19 Circus 430 Cistothorus 08 Clangula 619 Coccyzus 386 Colaptes 378 Columba 456 Colymbiis 736 Contopus 318 Coniirus 392 Corvus 280 Cotile 157 Coturniculus 198- Creagnis 678 Crex 577 Crotophaga. . .^ 389 Cupidonia 477 Cyauecula 20 Cyanocitta 289 Cymochorea 723 Cypseloides 350 Cypselus 349 Cjrtouyx 485 D. Dafila 605 Daption 719 Dendrocygua 599 Deudiceca 93 Dichromaiiassa 491 Diomedea 700 Dolichouyx 257 Dytes 732 E. Ectopistes 459 EugjT)ti]a 463 Elanoides 426 Elanus 427 Embernagra 236 Empidouax 324 Eremophila 300 Erevmetes 541 Ergaticus 132 Erismatura 634 Eudocimus 501 Eugenes 334 Enphouia 160 F. Falco 414 Florida 493 Fratercula 743 Fiegetta . 728 Fulica 580 Fulix 614 Fulniariis 705 Page. G. Galeoscoptes 12 Gallinago 526 Galliuula 579 Garzetta 490 Geococcyx 385 Geothlypis 120 Geotrygon 467 Glaucidium 409 Grus 582 Guiraca 246 Gy mnocitta 285 H. Hferaatopns 506 Hadrostoraus 333 Haliseetus 451 Halocyptena 720 Harelda 623 Harporhynchus 13 Helniiuthopbaga 78 Helmitherus 77 Helonsea 76 Herodias 489 Hesperipboua 165 Hesperocicbla 9 Heteroscehis 553 Hierofalco 412 Himantopiis 567 Hiruudo 154 Histriouicus 622 Hydranassa 492 Hydrocbelidon 693 Hylocicbla 1 Hylotomus 371 I. lacbe 348 Icteria 123 Icterus 265 Ictiuia 428 lonomis 578 J. Jiuico 216 L. Lagopus 474 Lampronetta 626 Lauiiis 148 Lanivireo 140 Larus 660 Leucosticte 174 Limosa 543 Lobipes 564 Lomvia 764 Lojjbodytes 638 Lopbophaues 36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245 rage. Lopliortyx 482 Loxiii 172 Lunda 745 M. Machetes 554 Macroi'haiuplius 5'27 Mareca 606 Megalestris 698 Melanerpes 375 Melauetta 631 Meleagris 470 Melopelia 464 Melospiza 231 Mergiis 636 Meriila 7 Micratlieue 411 Micropalama 528 Milvalus 301 Mimus 11 Mniotilta 74 Molothrus 258 Momotus 381 Motacilla 69 Mycteria 499 Myladestes 25 Myiarchus 311 Myiodiuastes 310 Mylozetetes 309 N.' Neocorys 73 Nettion 611 Nomouyx 635 Numeuius 558 Nyctalc 400 Nyctea 407 Nyctlierodhis 496 Nyctiardea 495 Nyctidromiis 356 O. Oceauites 722 Oceanodronia 726 Oehthodromus 522 CEdemia 630 CEstrelata 717 Olor 584 Ouychotes 446 Opororuis 118 Oreortyx 481 Oreoscoptes 10 Oruithiou 331 Ortalis 469 Ortyx 480 Ossifraga 704 Oxyechus 516 Page. P. Pacliyrliainphus 332 Pagopliila 657 Paudiou 425 Parra 568 Pariila 88 Parus 40 Passerculus 192 Passerella 235 Passeriua 247 Pedi(ecetes 478 Pelecauus --. 640 Pelidua 539 Peliouetta 633 Perisoreiis 297 Perissogiossa 90 Petrochelidou 153 PeuciBa 226 Peuccdramiis 92 Phatitlion 654 Phaiu()pei)la 26 Pbalacrocorax 642 Phala!UOj>tilu8 355 Phalaropus 563 Phaleris 747 Philacte 598 Philohela ^25 Plicebetria 703 Plioftuicopterus 583 Phouipara 253 Phylloscoims 34 Pica 286 Picicorvus 284 Picoides 367 Picus 360 Pinicola 166 Pipilo 237 Pitaugus 308 Plectrophaues 186 Plegadis 503 Plotus 649 Podasocys 523 Podiceps 731 Podilyiulnis 735 Polioptila 27 Polyborus 423 Polysticta 625 Pocecetes 197 Porzaua 573 Priocella 706 Priofiuiis 707 Procellaria 721 Progne 152 Protouotaria 75 Psaltriparns 47 Pseudogryphus 453 246 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page. Psilorliiuus 288 Ptycorliaiuphiis 751 Piiffiuus - . . - 708 PyiaDga 161 Pyirliula 167 Pyrrbuloxia 243 Pyroceplialus 330 Q. Querquediila 609 Quiscalus 275 E. Rallus 569 Recurvirostra 566 Regiilus 30 Rhodostetliia 670 Rliyacophilus 550 Rhynchofalco 419 ' Rliynchophaaes 190 Rhyucliops 656 Eliyucliopsitta 391 Rissa 658 Rostrhamus 429 S. Salpinctes 58 Saxicola 21 Sayoruis 315 Scardafella ,466 Scolecophagus 273 Scolopax 524 Scops 402 Selaspliorus 339 Setopliaga 128 Sialia 22 Simorhynclius 748 Sitta 51 Siurus 115 Somateria 627 Spatula 608 Speotyto 408 Spermophila 252 Spbyrapicus 369 Spiza 254 Spizella 210 jf^iuatarola 513 Staruoeuas 468 Stegauopus 565 ^telgidopteryx 158 Stellula 343 Stercorarius 697 Sterna 679 Strepsilas 509 Page. Strix 397 Sturnella 263 Sturnus 279 Sula 650 Surnia 407 Sympheniia 552 Synthliborhamplius 753 T. Tachybaptes 734 Tacbycineta 155 Tacbypetes 639 Tantalus 500 Telmatodytes 67 Tbrasaetus 450 Tbryomaues 61 Tbryotborus 60 Tiununculus 420 Totauus 547 Triuga 529 Tringoides 557 Trocbilus 335 Troglodytes 63 Trogon 384 Tryngites 556 Turdus G Tyranuus 303 U. Ulula 399 Uria 760 Urubitinga 444 Utamauia 742 V. Vauellus 512 Vireo 142 Vireosylvia.... 135 W. Wilsouia 124 X. Xantboceiibalus 260 Xautbura 296 Xeuua 677 Xeuojiicus 366 Z. Zauielodia 244 Zemeda 462 Zeuaidura 460 Zouotricbia 205 PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 247 ON THE IDEIVTITV OF THE OEIVITS I.E VRVBTIVIS, r.OCKIIVOTOIV, U^ITH I.VCODOPSIS, COtiLETT. By THEODORE C^ILL. Tn the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1879 (at pp. 380-381) Mr. Robert Collett has iiublished a communication ''On a fish of the genus Lycodes from the Pacific." The article was read at the meeting held April 1, 1879, and published in the part (II) issued August 1, 1879. In this article Mr. Collett describes at length the species referred to, under the name Lycodes pacijicvs^ and gives a figure of the head and anterior part of the body. The diagnosis is as follows: "Vomerine and palatine teeth none. Coloration uniform yellowish grey. The body is scaly, the head and pectorals naked. The head is contained four and six-tenths, the height of the body nine times, in the total length. Lateral line very indistinct. "M. B. 6; D. (circa) 92; A. 71; C. (circa) I, 1 ; P. 18. "5^a?;.—Japan {Mus. Berol.y At the end of the description Mr. Collett expresses the following opinion : " The absence of vomerine and palatine teeth, a character quite peculiar to the species, will perhaps necessitate its removal to a separate genus, for which I propose the name Lycodopsis.''^ In the Proceedings of the United States National Museum for 1879 (at pp. 326-332) Mr, W. N. Lockington has given " Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the coast of California." The signature in which it ai^pears was issued March 25, 1880. In this article Mr. Lockington describes what is considered to be a new generic type, under the name Lenrynnu paucidens. The diagnosis of the geiuis is as follows: " Generic cliaracters.—Family Zoarcidcc, allied to Lycodes. Ventral fins present, short; no teeth on vomer and palatines; dorsal and anal fins continued without interruption around the tail; scales small, but evident. The name is from Xsupd:;—smooth; u^^i^—vomer, in allusion to the character Avhich chiefly distinguishes the genus from Lycodes.''^ Selecting characters to compare with those mentioned in Mr. Collett's diagnosis, we have the following: "No vomerine or palatine teeth.—Color olivaceous, the scales lighter than the skin ; the color formed by numerous dark points, which are continued also iipon the head. L^pper surface of head darker, abdom'- inal surface lighter than other jjortions. Vertical fins margined with black.—Scales roundish, smooth, sei^arate, imbedded in the skin, uniform over the whole of the body, except upon an area on the upper surface in front of the dorsal, where they are smaller, and region near base of pectorals scaleless. Head scaleless—the ridges somewhat prominent. — 248 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Length of head 4J-4| times in the total length.—Greatest depth of body from a little more than ten to a little less than eleven times.—Ko lateral line." M. B. C; D. 90; A. 70; P. 18. As will be thus seen, the two fishes are certainly congeneric, and are evidently very closely related. Even the slight discrepancies are appar- ently such (as in the case of the color) as result from difference of inter- pretation of the same characters. The vertical fins in the Californian form, however, are distinctly said to be "margined with black," while in the Japanese form it is at least implied that they are not. It is quite probable, nevertheless, that even these alleged differences may be found to be rather of degree than of kind. In view, however, of the difference of distribution, it is reasonable to suppose that the two forms will be found to be distinct, and, as the genus appears to be perfectly valid, they will rank as species, with the following names : 1. Lycodopsis pacipicus. Lycodcs pacificus Collett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon, 1879, p. 381. Hah.—Japan. 2. Lycodopsis paucldens. Leurynnis paucidens Lockington, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1879, p. 326. Hah.—California. OE.SCRIPTIOIV OF A IVEW CHIROID FISH, ITIVRIOLFPI.S ZOIVIFER, FROIYI OTOIVTEREir RAY, CAI.IFORIVIA. By \r. W. LOCKIWOTOl^. Myriolepis, gen. nov. (CMrid(v). Body oblong, rather stout; mouth moderate; cardiform teeth in both jaws, shghtly larger anteriorly ; no canines ; teetli on vomer and pala- tines; preopercle entire ; no spines about the head. Gill-openings sep- arated by a narrow isthmus ; gill-rakers short. Brauchiostegals seven. Pseudobranchiie present. Dorsal fins two, united at base, the first with about 14 rather stiff spines, the second with as many soft rays. Anal short, of about 13 rays, without distinct spine. Scales very small, ctenoid, covering the whole surface of the body and head and the greater portion of all the fins except the first dorsal. Lateral line single. Etymology: /wptav, myriad; /£?r(c, scale. This genus bears little resemblance to any of the previously known CMridw, its general ai)pearance being quite Serranoid. It has, however, a bony stay connecting the suborbital and preoi)erculum, and possesses the technical characters of the Chiridw, in which group it should form a distinct subfamily, differing especially in the shorter anal fin without distinct spines. Myriolepis zonifer, sp. nov. Lower jaw slightly projecting; snout to summit of ascending process of premaxillaiy inclined backwards at about 45^ ; forehead slightly con- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249 1 cave longitudinally; dorsal outline, from occiput to caudal peduncle, regularly arched, the highest point at anterior part of hrst dorsal; mandible straight; abdominal outline regularly curved. Greatest depth o^ times, depth of caudal peduncle 12, length of head 3j^o) length of i^ectoral 4^ in total length to extremity of caudal fin; orbit (longitudinal diameter) 5i, mandible 2^, interorbital width about 2^f, in length of head. Gax)e straight, maxillary extending to a little in front of the center of the pupil, its uj^per edge received in a groove below the preorbital for most of its length. Teeth of mandibles and intermaxillaries slender, sharp, recurved; in several rows in front, gradually diminishing laterally to a single row ; front teeth slightly longer than lateral teeth. A few similar but smaller teeth on vomer and v)alatines. Upper pharyngeals with a cushion of similar teeth; lower pharyngeals slender, with a patch of similar teeth in the form of a very obtuse triangle, the internal row largest. Gillrakers short, ciliated, those on the anterior aspect of the first x)air of gill-arches longer than the others. BranchiostegaU" seven ; gill-membranes continuous below, but attached to an isthmus throughout the entire length of their junction except the posterior margin. Nostrils just above a line joining the upi)er margin of the orbit with the tip of the snout, simple, elliptical, the i^osterior far the larger. Eyes lateral, subelliptical, the upper margin of the orbit less curved than the lower; interorbital space wide, slightly convex transversely. Longitudinal diameter of orbit 1^ in length of snout. Oi^ercular bones without spines or denticulations. Pectoral base vertical ; pectoral broadly lanceolate, the upper margin curved; 5th ray longest; 4th, Gth, 7th, and 8th only slightly shorter, thence diminishing rapidly downwards. Tip of liectoral about vertical with base of 11th ray of spinous dorsal, but considerably short of the vent. Rays twice branched. Ventrals inserted a little behind pectorals, their length If in that of the pectorals. Rays twice bifurcate. Spinous dorsal commencing about opposite 20th scale of lateral line; first spine very short ; 2d and 3d raj)idiy increasing ; 4th longest ; thence diminishing regularly to 12th ; 13th and 14th directed backwards, hori- zontal, their points only free ; 15th spine at base of 1st soft ray. Third ray of soft dorsal longest, thence diminishing regularly ; rays sj)lit up at tips. Anal commencing about oj)posite base of 7th ray of 2d dorsal, and preceded by two weak spines hidden in membrane. First soft ray longest ; rays split at tips. Caudal with many accessory rays and about sixteen principal rays, so that its lateral margins are convex ; posterior border somewhat emargi- nate ; rays much divided at tijjs. 250 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Lateral line contiuiious to end of caudal peduncle, not very conspic- uous; tubes simple. From its origin to above the pectoral it curves downwards, tbence follows parallel to the dorsal outline till it reaches the caudal peduncle, along which it is median. Scales of body small, stronglj^ ctenoid, larger upon hinder part of trunk and on caudal peduncle than anteriorly, and smallest on head and under pectoral base. Scales elongate, almost rectangular, but with the free margin convex, imbedded portion striated. Entire surface of gill- covers, branchiostegal rays, mandibles, maxillaries, preorbitals, and snout scaly, the only scaleless portions being the lips and the portions of the gill-membrane folded up between the rays. A shallow, scaleless groove at sides of 1st dorsal. The vertical fins, except the spinous dorsal, covered almost to the tips of the rays with similar but smaller scales, and the paired fins similarly covered on their exterior surfaces. A band of small scales along some of the anterior spines of the 1st dorsal. Dorsal region and head, to the level of the upper margin of maxillary and of pectoral fin, black ; four broad transverse black stripes between pectorals and caudals. The spaces between these bands, the abdomen, and the lower part of the head white. The 1st band is at about the center of the length of the pectoral, and fades out level with the lower margin of that fin ; the 2d is anterior to the vent, and almost encircles the body; the 3d continues to the anal base,' but is much lighter on its lower portion ; while the 4th encircles the caudal i)eduncle. A 5th but narrower black band encircles the caudal base, and two black bands cross the caudal, the posterior one broadest ; rest of caudal white. All the other fins banded or blotched irregularly with black and white, the former predominating. The ctenoid tips of thg scales are white. I have onl}' seen a single specimen of this fish. Before the description was written it was exposed to alcohol for about two mouths. It was obtained in San Francisco market August, 1879, and was taken in Monterey Bay. In ax)pearance it somewhat resembles some of the small-scaled Serra- nid(€ or Rhypticidcv. The presence of a suborbital stay, however, shows that its atfinities are really with the Ghiridw. Dimensions of type {No. United States National Musnem). Inches. Total leugth, to tip of caudal 11.75 Greatest depth, about 3.25 Greatest thickuess, at opercles 1.72 Depth of caudal peduncle, about .9H Leugth of head 3.02 luterorbital width 1.05 Leugth of snout .77 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251 Inches. Lougitu linal diameter of orljit .58 Length of lower jaw, in straight line 1.42 Length of upper jaw, in straight line 1.1.") Tip of snout to insertion of pectoral, about ;{.00 Tip of snout to origin of dorsal, along axis of fish 3.62 Tip of snout to origin of dorsal, along dorsal profile 4.03 Tip of snout to origin of anal, along axis of lish (5.45 Tip of lower jaw to insertion of ventrals, along abdominal profile 3.,32 Width of pectoral base .90 Length of pectorals 2.40 Length of ventrals 1.50 Length of base of 1st doi'sal to Xllth spine 2.08 Height of longest (4th) dorsal spine 1.25 Length of base of 2d dorsal 2.80 Height of longest (od) ray of dorsal 1.44 Length of base of anal 1.62 Height of longest (1st) ray of anal 1.38 Fin formula.—B. 7; D. XII + 11, yV; ^- A) P- 18; V. i; C. lat. line circa 128-134. »£»>iCRIPTIOIV ©F A NE^V SPECIES OF KAY, RAIA RIIIIVA, FROmTHE COAST OF CALIFORIVIA. By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARL.ES H. OILBERT. Raia rhina, sp. uov. Disk rather broader than long, the snout very sharp and long-acumi- nate. Outer angle of pectoral sharp ; posterior edge of pectoral nearly straight. Region from i)ectoral angle to snout slightly convex, then almost uniformly and strongly concave to near the tip of the snout, which tapers to a sharp point. A straight line from the snout to the tip of the pectoral passes far from the edge of the disk. Length of snout nearly four times the interorbital width. Interorbital space quite narrow, very little concave, somewhat depressed in the middle, i^^asal ridges separated for more than half theu* length. Supraocular ridges slightly elevated. Eyes larger and much longer than spiracles. Ventral fins deeply emarginate. Caudal fin reduced to a small fold. Dorsal fins moderate, rather close together, the interspace less than the base of the fin. Female with the spines on the body moderately strong, arranged as follows : Five or six rather strong spines above the eyes. Two in front of the center of the back. None along the middle line of the back until oppo- site the posterior end of the ventrals^ where a median series begins on the tail. A lateral caudal series on each side, and two or thi%e long shaVp spines between the dorsal fins. Roughnesses on the skin above rather large, shari)-pbinted, and evi- dently stellate. Those on the snout especially conspicuously stellate and larger than the otheis. These prickles are everywhere present on the 252 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. upper parts of the body, but they are not e^^euly distributed, and in most regions they are placed quite wide apart. They are hirgest and most numerous on the nasal ridges, interorbital space, middle region of back and tail, and anterior part of pectorals. On the base and edges of the jjectorals and on the ventrals the prickles are few and small. On the middle portion of the pectorals they are rather numerous. Under- side of disk everywhere prickly except along the edges of the fins; the j)rickles largest under the snout. Male not seen, probably differing, as in the other species, in the sparser prickles above, in the absence of a lateral caudal series, and in the pres- ence of stouter prickles on the anterior part of the pectorals and of claw- l\^e spines on the posterior part. Mouth somewhat arched. Teeth about -\%. i^asal flap rather less than half the width of the mouth. Coloration essentially as in Eaia hinoculata. Light brown above, vaguely mottled with paler; the usual dark ring at the base of the pec- torals most distinct in fresh examples, and j)robably in the young. This species is known to us from three examples. Adult females, 26 to 29 inches in length. One from Monterey Bay and two from San Fran- cisco Bay. The one from Monterey was referred to in our description of Raid stellulata as a long-nosed form or variety of Eaia hinoculata. Rata rhina, is related to Raia cooperi and Rata hinoculata. From the latter it differs in the much sharper and longer snout, in the less coQcave interorbital space, and in the much greater roughness of the body, the small prickles, even in the female of R. hinoculata, being confined to the snout, interocular space, and a portion of the median region of the back and the tail, the fins being [)erfectly smooth. The male has the usual patches on the pectoral tins, and the back almost or quite smooth. From Raia cooperi, Raia rliina differs in the much smaller size in length, the adult of Raia cooperi reaching at least a length of more than six feet. It also differs in form, color, interorbital width, armature, «&c., as will ajjpear from the following descrix)tion of a young male example of Raia cooperi, 27^ inches in length, from San Francisco. Disk broad, its widest part much heliind the middle, the pectoral angle rather sharp, and the posterior edge very little convex. The anterior margm of the pectoral is at first slightly convex, then concave, then, op- posite the eyes, again very slightly convex, then again slightly concave; the snout itself not very sharp, although long. Interorbital space very broad and almost fiat (deeply concave in R. hinoculata), only slightly depressed in the middle, the nasal ridges well separated for usually two-thirds their length. Supraocular ridge not at all elevated. Eyes quite small, shorter than the spiracles. Ventral tiujinot deeply emarginate (becoming more deei)ly emarginate in the adult). Caspers, in this example (which, although larger than the adults of the other species, is evidently immature), very small, scarcely exserted beyond the ventral edge. Claw-like pectoral spines not yet developed. Caudal fin wanting. Dorsal fins moderate, not far PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 253 apart, the interspace less than the length of the base. Tail with a slight lateral fold. Spines on body small and few. Two or three very small ones over the eye, one at the center of the back, with a minute one in front of it. None along the median line of the back, the median caudal series begin- ging at the base of the ventraLs. These spines are quite small, but grow larger backward. Asperities above in the form of minute prickles, somewhat stellate. These are very minute, except along the median line of the back and tail, and there they are smaller than in B. stellulata or B, rhina. Tail entirely prickly above. A broad band of prickles along back to inter- orbital space. Entire pectoral fin minutely prickly, rather coarsely so anteriorly. Nasal ridges prickly. Veutrals mostly covered with minute prickles, as is the under side of the snout and the region around the mouth. A row of rather coarser prickles along the edge of the disk anteriorly, on the under side. Jaws rather strongly curved. Teeth somewhat tricuspid, ||. Length of nasal flap about half the width of the upper jaw. Body light brown, with many rather large, faint, round whitish spots, which are very distinct in the young. A vague blackish ring at base of pectoral. Raia cooperi is rather common from Monterey Bay to Vancouver's Island, and probably north to Alaska. It is often brought into the markets of San Francisco with the Mnoculata. We have seen examples of all sizes from six inches to six feet in length. A skin of an individual six feet in length was obtained by us at Victoria. In its stomach were two specimens of Cottus polyacanthocephaluSj each a foot long. Thus far no examples of any of the other species over 2^ feet in length have been noticed. Table of measurements. Extreme lengtli, in inches Lenj;;th of disk, in inches=100 Disk, {greatest width Widf li midway between snout and mouth . Widtli at front of eyes Distance from snout to pectoral angle Distance from snout to first gill-opening . Diwf ance from snout to mouth Distance from first to last gill-opening. . . . Width of mouth Distance between nostrils Diameter of orbit Length of snout from eye Length of nasal flap . . . .' Distance between first gill-openings Distance between last gilbopeniugs Interorbital width Tail, leugtli Distance between dorsals 28.80 18.40 lO^i It 41 3t) 12 15.5 26.25 16.85 111 26.3 16.5 77.5 '29.5' 17 14.5 13.2 6 30.5 7 25.5 17 .^1 27.65 17.3 119 86.5 24 13.5 15.5 15 5 28.5 17. 5 10.5 60 3 f^ 21.6 13 106 16.7 4.5.5 50.5 2.5 12.8 15 5.5 23 25.5 14.3 67 3.8 23.45 14.90 113 25 o Is .0 fl K (=1 ^ o 24 13.65 113 17.45 10.10 121 1 41 58 21 1.5. 5 13.5 7.5 27.3 8.5 26.5 16.5 7.5 56.5 15.5 12.5 7 23.5 8 25 15 7.8 80 10.5 71.5 5 Neeah Bay, Wash., 3Iay 31, 1880. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DICiiiCRIPTION OF A NETV SPECIES OF PARROT OF THE OFIVVS €HRVSOTIS, FROM THE ISIiAND OF DOITIIIVICA. By OEOROE ]\. LAWRENCE. Chrysotis nichoUsi. Male ?—The general color of the pluraage is grass-green, darker above and on the breast and abdomen tinged with yellow; the feathers of the hind neck and back are bordered rather narrowly with black, those of the wing coverts are without the black borders; the feathers of the lower part of the throat, of the upper part of the breast, and of the sides of the neck change to verditer-green on a side view and are edged with black ; the bases of some of the feathers of the breast and abdomen are dull red, and they are just perceptibly edged with black; the sides are dark green ; the fore part of the head as far as upon a line with the an- terior angle of the eye, lores, sides of the head, and the throat are of a medium shade of ultramarine-blue, lighter in color on the throat; in some lights the blue color has a grayish cast; the feathers of the top of the head are varied with bright green and azure blue and are narroM ly bordered with black ; the primaries have their inner webs black, the first primary is entirely black, the second and third have their outer Avebs dark blue for three-quarters their length, terminating with black, the other primaries have their outer webs green for most of their length, Ijassing into dark blue for a short space, and ending with black; the ex- treme ends are narrowly margined with whitish ash ; the wing speculum is of a bright scarlet red, occupying a space on the outer webs of the first three secondaries of about three inches; there is a small j^ellow mark where the red joins the terminal dark blue of these feathers, which have the outer webs green at their bases ; the other secondaries have their outer webs green, with a subterminal blue spot, and ending with black; the fourth secondary has an elongated yellow mark on the mid- dle of the outer web; all the secondaries have their inner webs black; the outer webs of the tertiaries are green, the inner are black with their ends green; the wing coverts are of the same color as the back, but the concealed portions of the inner webs of the greater coverts are black ; the outer edge of the wing is dull light yellow; the quills underneath have the basal two-thirds of their length dull verditer-blue, the terminal portion is black; the under wing coverts are green; the first outer tail feather has the outer web dark blue for two-thirds its length, the ter- minal third is greenish yellow ; the inner web is scarlet at the base for nearly half its length, which color is separated from the yellowish end by a space of dull green ; the second, third, and fourth feathers difler from the first only in having the basal parts of their outer webs green the central tail feathers are dark green, ending with dark yellowish green; upper tail coverts dark green, with their ends yellowish; the under tail coverts are yellowish green ; the upper mandible is whitish- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 255 liorii color, with the sides yellowish, the under is grayish-horn color, yellowish at the base; feet blackish. Lengi'th (skin) from end of upper mandible over the culmen, 20 inches ; from top of head, 18 inches; wing', d'}; tail, 0^; tarsus, 1. Habitat.—Dominica, West Indies. Type in jSTational Museum, Washington, received from Dr. H. A. Alford Nicholls. Dr. Nicholls sent a second specimen in spirits, w^hich was made into a skin, and on dissection proved to be a female. It does not differ ma- terially in i)lumage from the other specimen, the blue of the face only appearing a little duller. It is rather smaller; the bill and feet are weaker. From a comparison of the two I think the specimen specially described is a male. This new species in some respects resembles C. cyanopis (VieilL), said to be from the Antilles, but the precise locality not known, and G. bou- qnvfi (Bechat), from St. Lucia, all having blue heads. The first, C. cya- nopis., is described as having the face dark ultramarine-blue, but it dif- fers from the new species more especially in the top of the head and the chin being dark blue, the throat and entire under surface wine-red, and the larger wing coverts dark indigo-blue, besides minor differences. In dimensions they are much the same. I have a fine specimen of C. bouqueti before me belonging to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, and kindly loaned by Professor Allen. In this the blue is nearly of the same shade as in the new species ; it is a little lighter in color on the front, but the blue does not extend so far down on the throat, the lower part of which is scarlet ; the breast and abdomen are vinous red intermixed somewhat with green; the color above is a lighter green ; the black borders to the feathers of the hind neck and back are broader; the colors generally are much brighter ; it is a smaller species, with weaker feet and a blackish bill it measures from the end of the upper mandible IGJ inches, though the wings and tail fully equal in size those of C. nicholhi. I have named this fine species as a well-merited compliment to Dr. Nicholls for his assiduous endeavors to supplement Mr. Obers work in Dominica. The specimens of Ghrysotis were sent in March, 1879, with some other species, to Martinique, to be forwarded to the Smithsonian, but they remained there for about twelve months, and w ere not received in Wash, ington until May of this year. Dr. Nicholls wrote Professor Baird at that time concerning the parrot as follows : ''The 'Ciceru'' (not ' Cicero'') ijarrot. " The bird was shot at Campbell, and was bought in the market, where it was exposed for sale as food. The feathers were off the neck when bought. Skin was firmly adherent to a thick layer of fat. The speci- men is scarcely worth sending. I do so, however, as the feathers near the head are a different color to those of the Cicero parrot." 256 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The other birds sent were as below, to which are added Dr. Nicholls's notes : 1. EUPIIONIA FLAVTFRONS (Spami,). "Bird caught at head of Roseau Valley; never seen in the island until lately. Feathers of breast curl up over the wings when the bird is at rest, and during sleep the bird is rolled up like a ball." 2. Myiadestes genibakbis, Sw " Sifflem montagne." 3. Elainea martinica (Linn.). "Caught in Roseau; white feathers on head very conspicuous when bird at rest." 4. Ereunetes petrificatus (111.). " ' Becass ; ' common at the mouths of the rivers during the hurricane months." 5. Charadrius virginicus, Borkh. " 'Oiseau marine.' Shot in plowed land near to Roseau in November, 1878." G. Tringa maculata, Vieill. "'Bat-ma.' Caught in December, 1878, near to the mouth of the Roseau River." Professor Baird has lately received from Dr. Nicholls a letter, dated 25th May, 1880, with another consignment of birds, of which I give the names and the notes of Dr. Nicholls thereon: 1. Chrysotis nichollsi, Lawr. " The green parrot which 1 have been so long trying to obtain. It is now scarce and is seldom seen away from tlie deepest woods of the widest part of the islaud. It builds its nest in the forks of the highest forest trees, and it is usually seen in flocks. It is called by the natives ' perroquet,' which is simply French for parrot. As an example of the difficulty in obtaining this parrot I may mention that although I offered a good reward for a dead specimen I failed to get one. The specimen now sent was shot by a friend of jnine ; it was evidently a bird which had strayed from a flock." Dr. NichoUs says of it in his letter: "It may possibly turn out to be the ' green parrot ' which Mr. Ober failed to obtain." I infer from the above that Dr. ISTicholls considered this to be different from those sent a year ago, as in his letter of that date he says: "I am sorry to say that I have been unable to obtain specimens of the green parrot, but I hope to be successful before long." This specimen, however, only differs from the type of C. nicJioUsi in being smaller, with a weaker bill, which is quite dusky in color.. Dr. Nicholls may be correct in his suggestion that it is the " i)arrot" No. 33 of the Dominica catalogue. If so, Mr. Ober must have been mis- led as to its size, which he states to have been that of the CaroHna parrot. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 257 2. JiTYCTIAEDEA VIOLACEA (Linil.). " ' Crabier montagne.' Caught in a dark ravine in the mountains near Roseau and brought to me alive. I kept it for more than a week, feed- ing it on cray-flsh and land-crabs, which it devoured with avidity. It died suddenly." ^ 3. Charadrius virginicus, Borkh. " Golden plover. Shot on sea-beach." 4. Angus stolidus (Linn.). " ' Twa-oo.' Brought to me alive when very young and I kept it alive for nearly a year, when it was choked by a careless child. It became very tame. It used to fly on to the roof of my house and bathe in a duck- l)oud in the garden. I gave it fish cut into small pieces." 5. Strix flammea var nigrescens, Lawr. ''Owl. It is, I think, different in i^lumage and certjynly smaller than one I had some years ago. This bird was caught in the town of Eoseau and brought to me. I kept it ahve for several weeks, when it died sud- denly. It woke up usually just before dark and then partook of its meal of five or six small lizards or a mouse. On introducing a live lizard into its cage it darted down upon it with great quickness ; it seemed to be more of a spring and a droj) than anything else ; it then held the animal in its claw for a minute or so and regarded it intently, then with its sharj) beak it divided the spinal column just behind the head. This occurred once and again, and it would thus ai)pear that the owl is en- dued with the instiuct of the easiest and surest way of killing its prey. The lizard when dead was seized by the head, and by a series of jerks or turnings up of the head the owl actually threw it down its throat. If the lizard was rather large the owl would rest for a while Avith the tail of the reptile hanging out of its mouth." I think this specimen is a male; the larger one spoken of was prob- ably a female. 6. Tringa minutilla, Vieill. " ' Becass.' Caught near to the mouth of Eoseau Eiver." New York, June 15, 1880. THE EUIiACHOlV OR CANDIiE-FISH OF THE NORTHWEST COAST. By JAMES G. S\1^AW. This paper I have prepared from my own notes made during a cruise on the United States revenue-steamer Oliver Wolcott to Alaska, during the summer of 1873, as special commissioner to procure articles of Indian manufacture for the National Museum, to be exhibited at the Centennial celebration at Philadelphia, and from information derived from Mr. Eobert Tomlinson, clerk to Kincoleth Mission, Nass Eiver, British Columbia; from Mr. Charles F. Morrison, chief trader Hudson's Bay Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 17 Sept. 15, 1 8 80. 258 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Company, at Fort Simpson, British Columbia; and from reports of Eev. Mr. Duncan, of Metlakatla Mission, Britisli Columbia, made to the Church Missionary Society, at London, and to Messrs. Langley & Co., Victoria, to whom I am indebted for the copy of Professor Eedwood's report, which I give entire. The description of the Eulachon by Sir John Eich- ardson is, I believe, the earliest, and but little can be added to it. As I have no copy of his works at hand I cannot give his description, which I regret. JAMES G. SWAN. Neah Bat. Clallam County, WasJi., January 31, 1880. This fish, known to scientists as the Thaleichthys pacificus, and also as Osmerus pacificus, resembles the common smelt in size and general out- ward appearance, and is found on Puget Sound occasionally with the sand-smelt Hypomesus olidus. The Eulachon, however, differs from all other varieties of the smelt family by having its entire body permeated with a peculiar fat, which, on being extracted, is of the consistence and color of soft laitl, and is used largely by the natives as an article of food. By a rectifying and deodorizing process, Messrs. Langley & Co., chem- ists, of Victoria, British Columbia, have succeeded in preparing an oil which appears to possess the remedial qualities of cod-liver oil in a re- markable degree, and is more agreeable to both palate and stomach. The quantity of this fatty substance is so considerable that when the fish is dried it can be set on fire like a torch and will consume its whole length like a candle, from which fact its common name of "Candle-fish" is derived. This adipose matter when first extracted, even when fresh caught, has a strong, disagreeable odor and a peculiar taste which is very unpalatable to most white persons. The fresh fish, however, has no un- pleasant smell about it. It has somewhat of the same cucumber odor as the smelt, or rather an odor which resenibles that of the bruised leaves of the wild syringa, Fhiladelplius L., which is a somewhat common shrub on the shores of Puget Sound and other portions of the northwest coast. When fried, like the smelt it is a most delicious pan-fish, or even when simply boiled, as the natives usually cook it, or toasted on a stick before the fire, it is most excellent and nutritious food. The Eulachon are found in limited numbers at certain seasons in the Columbia Eiver, Shoal-water Bay, Gray's Harbor, and at the mouth of the various small streams of the coast, and also in the waters of Puget Sound, where they are taken in seines and nets with smelt and other varieties of small fish, but they are thin and poor, and not to be com- pared to the same varieties further north. Even those taken in Eraser's Eiver, near the boundary line between Washington Territory and Brit- ish Columbia, are superior to those taken further south, and are sold in the Victoria market, where their excellence is highly prized. The few seemed on Puget Sound are sold by the fishermen as smelts. The best PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251) kinds are cauglit fiirtlier nortli, and great quantities are salted by tlie Hudson's Bay Company, at their trading post at Fort Simpson, Britisk Columbia, and either sold in the Victoria market or shipped direct to London in tierces, barrels, and kits. As an article of food and for the grease or fat contained in them, the Eulaclion are highly prized by the Indians of Northern British Colum- bia and Southern Alaska, where they abound; particularly at the Xass Kiver, British Columbia, where they are annually taken in enormous quantities, and where they seem to attain their very finest condition. The Nass Eiver flows into Portland Inlet near the fifty-fifth parallel of north latitude, near the southern boundary of Alaska, and 30 miles north-northeast of Fort Simpson, British Columbia. At its mouth it widens out into a bay called Nass Bay or Strait, in which are various shoals favorable for the Eulachon spawning grounds. There are other rivers and streams in British Columbia and Alaska at the mouths of which Eulachon are taken, but as the Nass Eiver fish- ery exceeds them all, and is, in fact, the principal place where the busi- ness is carried on by both whites and Indians, a description of that fishery will suffice. The principal run of the fish reaches Nass Eiver in the latter part of March, generally from the ICth to the 22d, varying in exceptional years from the 28th to April 4. When the season apjjroaches the Indians as- semble in great numbers ; not only the j^ishka, or natives of the Nass country, but Irom hundreds of miles distant, some in canoes and some overland. In former years quarrels and fights among the dififerent tribes were common, but of late years the influences of the missions at Metlakatla, Kincoleth, and Fort Simpson have produced a favorable change, not only in inducing them to be more peaceful, but to lay aside their old heathen superstitions, one of which was that all the fish eaten . for the first four or five days after they commence to arrive must be either fried or toasted; no one was allowed to boil any, as they believed that if any were boiled the fish would immediately leave the river; they were also strictly forbidden to drink water after a meal of fish, lest there should be rain which would hinder the drying. These ceremonies are now abandoned in a great measure, and but seldom practiced at the present time. The Eulachon only travel up the Fass Eiver as far as the flood tides reach, which is from 15 to 20 miles from its mouth. For about 7 miles from jSTass Strait the river is unsuited for fishing operations. From theiiee to the Nass Village, at the head of tide-water, is a succession of sand-bars, and these form the spawning beds of the fish. Every avail- able spot along the banks of the river is occupied by the Indians during the fishing season, who erect temporary wigwams for themselves. As the fishing season approaches the arrival of the fish is anxiously watched bj^ the natives, as it is a season of the year in which they are generally out of food. 260 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The fish usually swim in deep water till tbey reach the mouth of the river, ami duriuj^' their i:)assage up the strait are followed by innumera- ble enemies. Porpoises, seals, dog-fish, ground-sharks, and halibut harass them in the strait, and if they rise to the surface they are attacked l)y clouds of gulls, ducks, and other sea-fowl. The bishop of British Columbia, who visited the Nass Eiver in 18G3, writes concerning the fisheries: " Such a scene of life—man life, bird life, fish life—I had never before conceived. Over the fish was an immense cloud of innumerable gulls; so many and so thick were they as they hovered about looking for the fish that 'the sight resembled a heavy fall of snow. The fish are caught in vast quantities. I saw hundreds of tons collected together, and the nets hauled in bushels at a time." When the fish reach the mouth of the river they generally rise to the surface of the water, and are caught by the natives with a pole about 18 feet long, slightly flattened into an oar-shape at the lower end. Into one edge of this flattened blade are stuck a row of wooden pins or pieces of wire sharijened. This implement is thrust down and with both hands drawn rapidly through the water, and the fish are imi^aled on the pins and are shaken off into the canoe in the same manner as the Indians about Puget Sound take herrings. The number of Eulachou caught in this way form a good estimate of the probable run of the fish for the season, whether they will be plentiful or not. As soon as the fish make their appearance at the sand-bars fishing operations begin in earnest. In former years a sort of large landing- net, called by the natives Bdnak, was used, but of late these have been discarded for purse-nets. About an hour after the tide has begun to ebb two strong i^oles are driven into the sand at the bottom of the river about 12 feet apart; to these the net is attached, the mouth being kept open by inserting two small sticks across it. It is then depressed in the water until the under rim rests on the sand ; the fish are drawn into the aperture by the force of the current. The nets are generally six or eight fathoms long. A long crooked stick is used for raistng the narrow end of the net. If it contains fish it is hauled into the canoe and, by loosening a string, its contents are easily shaken out. Sometimes the net for its whole length becomes blocked with fish. The greatest care and skill are then necessary to prevent its being carried away by the current. Another difficulty, and the cause of much damage to the nets, is the loose ice^ The fish first come about the time the ice begins to break up. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. Some years the ice remains solid until after the fish are caught, in which case holes have to be cut in the ice to put down the nets ; other years, again, the ice has all dis- appeared before the fish arrive. When the tide begins to flow, the nets are all taken in and all the fish caught are thrown in heaps on the ground close to the wigwams. With PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2GI a good run of fish, each net ought to catch about two tous each tide. When a sufficient supply of fish has been obtained they are not boiled down at once, but are left on the ground in heaps from six to ten days, according to the state of the weather. This is done to facilitate the boiling, as the grease separates more rapidly from the fish after a partial decomposition than when fresh. The perfume which permeates the at- mosphere at this time is certainly not to be found among the extracts and essences of Lubin or Pamrael. As has been said of the odor of the skunk, "it may be healthy, but is very offensive, and a little of it goes a great way." As an Irishman once remarked to me of a similar stench, '•the smell of it would kill flies," which is saying a great deal for its energetic power. After the fish have remained exposed on the ground five or six days a portion of them are strung up for drying by having their heads inter- woven with thin strips of bark ; they are then washed and hung on racks to dry ; they are not covered up, but are thus exposed to the at- mosphere in all weathers for three or four weeks and get perfectly dried and firm, and form a chief article of food for the Indians, who either toast them over the fire or boil them. They also use them as torches. It is only necessary to set them on fire and they will continue to burn until consumed. In extracting the grease from the fish the Indians place them in large wooden boxes and boil them by means of red-hot stones. As the grease rises to the surface it is skimmed off', and when all has risen the residue of the fish bodies is taken out and pressed to get all the still adherent portion. A ton of fish makes from 24 (o 30 gallons. This is then put in wooden boxes and any convenient receptacle, and forms a lucrative article of trade among the natives, and is known in Sitka and other white settlements as small-fish grease. Within a few years, and since the Indians have seen the "rockers" of the miners, they have introduced wooden boxes, with sheet-iron bottoms. These answer very well, and save time, labor, and trouble. About the same time a white man attempted the plan of extracting the grease by heating the fish in a basin floating in boiling water and then subject- ing it to pressure, but the attempt proved a failure. Another plan at- tempted was to cold-press the fish, and for the purpose a powerful screw- l)ress was erected, but that also proved a failure. My own impression is that the grease could be successfully extracted by steam, as is now done at the oil works at Skidgate, Queen Charlotte's Islands, in extract- ing oil from dog-fish livers. Still, there may be some chemical reason why the grease yields to incipient decomposition, which may suggest some preparation which can produce a similar result. The ordinary price for the grease at Nass is twenty-fiva cents per gal- lon, but in seasons of scarcity the price advances from one dollar to one dollar and twenty-five cents per gallon, although the latter figure is seldom attained. 262 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tlie Hndsou's Bay Company salt a great quantity of these fisli for export. They are simply put into casks or butts when first caught, and lightly salted. After remaining two or three days a brine is formed. They are washed in this brine, resalted, and packed in tight barrels, casks, or kits. For smoking, they are allowed to remain in brine a day or twD, then strung on slender sticks, which-are passed through the eyes, and hung in the smoke. When freshly smoked they have a bright golden appearance, much like red herrings, and are most delicious eat- ing, but they are so excessively fat that they will not keep unless they are smoked quite dry. This is a tedious process, and turns the skin a dull dusty color. There is a second run of Eulachon in ISTass River towards the end of June, but the quality is inferior, and but little grease is made from them. The Eulachon come suddenly in countless myriads into Kass Eiver, and after spawning depart as suddenly. They evidently pass the re- mainder of the year in the deep water south of the Aleutian Islands, and make their appearance almost simultaneously in Cook's Inlet and Cross Sound, Alaska, where they are very abundant, and in Nass Eiver. They make their apv)earance in Eraser's Eiver a few weeks later, but are not as fat or as plentiful as they are farther north. As a remedial agent, Eulachon oil is considered by some of the best authorities who have tested it as equal to cod-liver oil. Others who hav'e tested its effects only among Indians are in doubt of its efticacy. But it should be borne in mind that the Indians of the coast, who live exclusively on a fish diet, and on the algse and other products of the ocean, rich in iodine, bromine, and phosphates, are not so easily affected by cod liver or Eulachon oil as white people who reside in the interior, and partake of the usual regimen of civilized life. Hence, some persons who have administered Eulachon oil to coast Indians have been surprised at the want of success, and have hastily condemned it as worthless. A diet of new milk, fresh from the cow, would undoubtedly prove as efficacious for the coast tribes as cod-liver or Eulachon oil is for white people. The following is a copy of a report made by Theophilus Eedwood, esq., F. E. S., professor of chemistry and pharmacy to the Pharmaceutical Society of London, to Messrs. Langley & Co., Victoria, British Colum- bia, who kindly furnished h to me for this paper. Professor Eedwood writes : "Eulachon oil, although differing in its source from cod-liver oil, is said to resemble it in its properties, and to have been substituted for it as a remedial agent. In examining the oil, therefore, it was considered important to determine in what points it resembles and where it differs I'rom, cod-liver, oil. In taste and smell I cannot indicate any marked dif- ference. Its tendency to congeal is much greater than that of cod-liver oil. At 50^ Fahr. the Eulachon oil has the consistency of soft but- ter, and it does not become fluid until heated above 70° Fahr. The PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MTJSEUM. 263 portion separated by filtration at GO^ remains briglit at all temi)er- atures above that point, and lias a very slight yellowish tint, resembling that of the best pale cod-liver oil. When a few drops of sulphuric acid are added to a small quantity of the oil, placed in a porcelain capsule, it assumes a deep brown tint, without in the first instance affording the violet color which is produced under sindlar circumstances by codliver oil. If, however, the mixture thus formed be allowed to remain exposed to the air for several hours the violet color becomes developed. If an ounce or two of the Enlachon oil be boiled with about twice its volume of distilled water, and the water after being carefully separated and fil- tered be evaporated to dryness, a small quantity of a brown extractive matter will be left, which closely resembles the extract obtained under similar circumstances from cod-liver oil. " The Eulachon oil readily saponifies with caustic alkali, and the soap, after being decomposed with acetate of lead, yields oleate of lead to ether, but the oleic acid resulting from the decomposition of this is not brown like that obtained from cod-liver oil. " Eulachon oil, therefore, although in some respects resembling cod- liver oil, differs from it in some of its chemical and iihysical characters. The resemblance to cod-liver oil is, however, greater than that of any other oil I am acquainted with that is not extracted from a tish liver. "THEOPH. REDWOOD." It would have been interesting if Professor Eedwood had given the exact analysis of Eulachon oil, as that of the cod liver has been fully given in various medical works. The student of medicine could have thus been able to have compared the two together, and have found what constitutes their medicinal value. Professor Redwood says that the oleic acid resulting from the decom- position is not brown like that of the cod-liver oil. The brown color is owing to the presence of a x^eculiar substance obtained by an analysis of cod-liver oil by De Jough, and named by him gaduin, but it has not been ascertained that gaduin is in any way connected with the virtues of the oil. It has been thought that the action of the liver carbonizes the oil in a manner and thus renders it more susceptible of being taken up and as- similated by the systems of persons to whom it is administered. It is not improbable that the biliary principles associated with the oil are concerned in its peculiar influences. Winckler has inferred from his re- searches that cod-liver oil is an organic whole, differing from all other fixed oils. Eulachon oil, although a body oil, instead of a i^roduct of the liver, seems to possess properties essentially different from all other fish-oils, and future analysis may show that the curative imnciple of cod-liver oil does not lay in any of the causes mentioned, but in some hitherto undeveloped principle, which is identical with that of the Eu- lachon. I find no mention of the Eulachon in the voyages of Portlock, 264 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dixon, Means, Marchard, or Vancouver, except that Means mentions them casually as sardines, and says the Indians are as fond of them and make quite as much account of them as they do of salmon. They are found in countless myriads in the waters of Alaska Territory, but hith- erto no other use has been made of them in that Territory except as an article of food for the Indians. If some of the canneries of Alaska would try the experiment and put them up in oil similar to sardines, I predict that a lucrative trade would result. No regular statistics of the Eulachon fishery have ever been kept either in British Columbia or Alaska, and the foregoing meager account of a, very important food-fish is all that I have been able to procure. BESCRBPTIOIV OF TU O IVEW SPECtES OF FISHES, ASCEliI€HTHYS RIIOraORUS AND S1\TAT.IIVA CERDAIiE, FROITI JMEAU RAV, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. By I>AVaB> S. JOKOAI^ aisad CHAKI.ES II. €}II.B£RT. Ascelichthys, genus nova. Family of Coftklcc. Body rather robust, covered with naked skin. Head comparatively broad and depressed, covered with naked skin. Preopercle with a simple, strongly hooked spine. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. No slit behind fourth gill. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. No I'entral fins. Spinous dorsal of low flexible spines. Other fins normally developed. This genus has the general appearance of Olipocottus, but is distinguished at once from all the known genera of the family b\^ the- absence of the ventral fins; hence the generic name from aff/.sXrj-, without leg, and Ix^or;^ fish. Ascelichthys rhodorus, sp. nov. Body rather plump, broad, and low anteriorly, nearly cylindrical mesially, becoming compressed behind. Head comparatively broad and low, ovate, regularly narrowed forward, and rounded anteriorly. Eyes rather large, placed high, separated by a slight! j'^ concave interorbital space, narrower than the eye. Mouth rather large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary extending to opposite the posterior border of the eye. Lower jaw slightly shorter than upper. Lips rather full, the upper jaw protractile. Teeth small, in villiform band^ on jaws, vomer, and pala- • tines. The palatine bands long and narrow. PseudobrancliaB large. Gill-rakers almost obsolete. No slit behind the fourth gill. Brauchios- tegals six. Gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. A low, fringed dermal flap above the posterior part of each eye. No other cirri anywhere, and no trace anywhere, on body or head, of dermal prickles or scales. No nasal spines. Nostrils both with short tubes, the anterior the longer. Suborbital stay very slender, barely reaching the preopercle. Preop- ercle with a rather short simple spine, strongly hooked upwards and in- PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 265 wards, concealed in tbe skin. A concealed downward-directed spine below this. A downward-directed spine on front of opercle below. Skin comparatively tliin and loose. Lateral line complete and contin- uous. Dorsal fins connected by a membrane about lialf the height of the first dorsal. Dorsal spines low and weak, nearly uniform in height, the mid- .dle spines very slightly higher than the others, the highest less than the diameter of the eye, the two anterior close together. The spines all very slender. The enveloping membrane very thick. Soft dorsal nearlj- twice as high as the spinous part. Anal about as high as second dorsal, its rays more robust. Pectoral fins rather broad and short, strongly procurrent below, the lower rays thickened. Long- est rays reaching past vent to beginning of second dorsal. No trace of ventral fins, either externally or under the skin. Fin rays: Dorsal IX or X-18 or 19; A. 13; P. 16. Anal papilla very small. Six pyloric cseca. Intestines short, about as long as body, with one flexure. Stomach filled with Chiton, Patella, small Crustacea, snails, and worms. Coloration olivaceous, usually rather dark, and shadeilwith greenish, but sometimes with whitish saddle-like blotches, one on each side of the head, one on preopercle, one at front of dorsal, one most conspicuous opposite the junction of the two dorsals, and two smaller ones under sec- ond dorsal. On most of the specimens these markings are but faintly indicated. Belly somewhat dusky. Lips, in most specimens, edged with vermilion, especially the lower. Spinous dorsal fin dusky, black in the middle and in front above, with a conspicuous edging of hright crimson. This marking is rarely faint or obsolete. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky, edged with paler. Pec- toral dusky, edged with paler, and slightly barred at base, especially in the paler specimens. This species is known to.us from about 200 examples, from two to four inches in length, obtained by us at Waadda Island, in Neeah Bay, near Cape FlatterJT, at the entrance to the Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is found in the greatest abundance at this locality under rocks between tide-marks. It is less active in its movements than the species of Oligo- cottus, and unlike them it is often found out of the water, left in damp places under the rocks by the receding tide. The following species have been obtained by us in this locality, which is the richest in rock pool fish of any which we have anywhere seen: Xiphister mucosus, Xiphister rupestris, Xiphister chirus, Ascelichthys rhodorus, Gobiesox reticidatus, Anoplarchus atropurpureus, Mursenoides Isetus, Apodichthys flavidus, Apodichthys fucorum,* Oligocottus giobiceps, Oligocottus maculosus, Scytaliua cerdale. 266 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Table of iwoportional measurements. Species : Ascelichthys rhodorus. Locality Extreme lensth Length to base of middle caudal rays . Body: Greatest Leight Least heiglitof taU. ^ Head : Greatest lengtli Greatest -width \\' idth of interorbital area Length of snout Diameter of orbit Dorsal (spinous) : Distance from snout Length of base Greatest height Dorsal (soft) : Length of base Height at longest ray Anal: Distance from SMut Height at longeaw-ay Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Length Ventral: Length , Branchiostegals Dorsal Anal Pectoral Ventral Number of cajcal appendages Neeah Bay. Inches and lOOths. 3.90 3.40 lOOths of length to base of caudal. 30 27 5 5 6 30 26 4i 34 10 56 9 16 24 6 IX, 18 13 16 6 Scytalina, gen. nor. raniily Congrogadida', allied to Congrogadus Giinther. Body auguilliform, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed behind, covered with very small, imbedded cycloid scales. Xo lateral line. Head broad, with tumid cheeks, broader than body, resembling a serpent's head. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Each jaw with two strong canines in front, besides which is about one series of small, close-self conical teeth in the lower jaw and a broad patch in the upper. A single series of small teeth on vomer and i)alatines. Branchiostegals six. Gill-open- ings very wide, the membranes broadly connected below and free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchise small, present. A slit behind fourth gill. Tongue largely free anteriorly. Intestines short, without pyloric caeca. Pectoral fins very small. No ventral fins. Dorsal fin very low, without spines, heginning near the middle of the body. Anal . similar, and begin- ning nearly opposite it. Tail rounded behind. Caudal tin well devel- oped, joined to dorsal and anal. Vent near the middle of the body. ]S^o anal x)apilla. Etymology : diminutive of Scytale^ a genus of serpents, in allusion to the form of the head and neck and the fang-like canines. The relations of this genus seem to be with Congrogadus Giinther,from PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONxiL MUSEUM. 267 •which it differs in the presence of canines and in the short dorsal fin. This is the first species of the family thus far known from north of the e(piator. Scytalina cerdale, sp. nov. Body elongate, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed .behind, covered with very small imbedded scales. No lateral line. A slight vertebral streak and three \ ery obscure dusk}' lateral streaks simulating lateral lines. llead broader than long, with tumid cheeks and constricted neck, much resembling the head and neck of a small snake. Form of snout subconic, the head abruptly narrowed at the eyes, below which is a slight vertical groove. Snout depressed, rounded at tip. Interorbital space rather broad, posteriorly concave, a median wrinkle extending along the vertex to the nuchal depression. All these tle- pressions are rather apparent than real, being due to the tumidity of the cheeks, which encroach on the other parts. Eyes quite small, directed almost upward, nearly even with the top of the head. Lips full, the upper separated by a crease from the skin of the forehead, the lower with free margin. Skin of forehead with two or three dermal llaps on each side. In one of these the anterior nostrils and some mucous i)ores open. Posterior nostril near the eye, with a very small flap. Edge of lower lip sparsely fringed, below which the skin has several coarse pores with dermal flaps. Gape of mouth rather wide, extending a little beyonel the eyes. Lower jaw slightly jn-ojecting, its front with tw^o strong, conic, divergent ca- nines. Between these, and behind, along the sides of the jaw, is a series of smaller close-set conical teeth. Upi-»er jaw with two smaller canines, closer together than those in the lower jaw. Edge of upper jaw with close-set conical teeth, apparently in a single row behind, widening into a broad band in front. A single series of small teeth on vomer and l>alatines. Brauchiostegals seven. Gill-openings very wide, the membranes broadly connected and free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchiae small. Gillrali-ers almost obsolete. Gills four, a slit behind the fourth. Opercle very short, the tumid (iheeks encroaching upon it. Pectoral fins very small, a little below the axis of the body, their length a little more than the diameter of the eye. No ventral fins. Dorsal fin very low, of soft rays only, which are short and weak, imbedded in the skin. Its insertion a little in front of first ray of anal and slightly in advance of the middle of the body. Tail apparently isocercal, rounded behind, with a well-developed caudal fin, which is rounded behind, and composed of rays longer and much slenderer than those in the dorsal and anal. Xo constriction between dorsal and anal and caudal, the rays of the former fins being joined to the latter at their full height. A^^^ ])recisely like dorsal and nearly coterminous with it. Yent immediately in front of anal. No anal i)apilla. 2G8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Intestinal canal a simple short tube, without crecal appendages. Air bladder obsolete, or reduced to a filmy membrane. jSTothiug found in the stomach. Flesh color, with much mottling of purplish above, in fine, close pat- tern, so that the light areas appear in the form of ])ii\e spots. Lower parts finely si^eckled like the back, except the belly, which is nearly plain. Fins similarly colored. Anal nearly plain. Caudal reddish edged. Fin rays not readily counted. Dorsal about 41. Anal 36. Two specimens of this species were obtained by us at Waadda Island ; a third was seen, but it escaped us. It inhabits piles of shingle and small bowlders near the mark of lowest tides, and when disturbed makes its way downward with great celerity through small crevices into the water. The specimens taken are each about 5| inches in length. Table of proportional measurements. Species : Scytalina cerdale. Collector's number of specimen . Locality No. 226. Neeali 13ay. Inches and lOOths. lOOths of length to base of caudal. Extreme length Length to base of middle caudal rays. Body: Greatest height Head: Greatest length Distance from snout to nape Greatest depth Greatest width Width of intcrorbital area Length of snout Length of cheek Length of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout Length of base Greatest height Anal: Distance from snout - Length of base Vent: Distance from snout Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Length Ventral": Length Branchiostegals Dorsal Anal Number of csecal appendages 5.80 5.50 5i IJ 7 ca 41 36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2G9 ON CAMABAPH'SrSEBlA, A NEW TYPE ©F SPONttE. By JOHN A. RYDER. A singular organism, which I will name Camaraphyscma ohscura, was first observed by me on living oysters from Chesapeake Bay, attached to hydroids growing on those molliislis. The single specimen which I obtained measured less than half an inch in length, and consisted of a larger and smaller individual (person), united basally to a common at- tachment, constituting a corm or colony. The color was yellowish, or dirty white ; the form of the branches was cylindrical, club-shaped, cov- ered by a tough skin (ectoderm?), which was perforated at intervals, giving rise to tubular, funnel-shaped, oscular openings of exceedingly variable form, according to their condition of expansion. The margin of the funnels was entire and exceedingly thin and tough; this portion was capable of being thrown into longitudinal folds and withdrawn or inverted inwards into the basal portion. These funnels communicated at their bases with chambers, lined, apparently, with a single layer of cells (endoderm "?). i^o mesodermal structures were observed, unless the single egg which I noticed in the first cleavage stage, from its ap- parent position, is to be regarded as a product of this layer. The chambers were lined throughout the entire organism with a sim- ilar layer of nucleated, columnar cells, as was shown by a series of cross- sections, but no evidence of a collar or fiagerium could certainly be de- tected as forming the inner extremities of the cells. The embryos observed were nearly all in the blastula or morula stage of development, and appeared to lie superimposed upon the living cellular pavement of the chambers, except the one observed in the stage of first cleavage, which seemed to lie in contact with the membranous wall of its chamber. The whole organism was composed of very irregular chambers, separated from each other by an apparently almost structureless membrane, probably of an ectodermal nature. The only evidence of structure here was the presence of faint, delicate striations when the edges of the walls were transversely cut across and viewed with high x)owers. No spicules were to be found in any situations ; no fibers, as in the genus Spo7igla; but the whole supi)orting structure consisted, as stated be- fore, of the structureless ectodermal membrane, which was perforata and produced at intervals into the funnel-shaped oscular organs. The chambers in the center or axis of the cylindrical body of the or- ganism could not certainly be made out to communicate with those next to the membranous, funnel-bearing body-wall ; but these axial chambers appeared to difier in no way from the outer ones in structure. They were lined like the external chambers with cells, and, like them, con- tained ova in different stages of development, together with brown ma- terial, apparently dirt or remains of ingested food, which would appear to show that ther^ was some sort of communication with the oscular fimnels. Onlv once did I find what I believed to be an iutcrcameral 270 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. demi-canal, paved in the same way with cells as the chambers them- selves. Not seeing the sponge in an absolntely fresh condition, I conld not observe the action of the funnels in life; but once while the whole sponge was still in a comparatively fresh condition, and under observation in a zoophyte trough, I saw one of the inverted funnels suddenly everted and expanded to apparently its fullest extent. I was also unable to detect the slightest evidence of any other kinds of openings besides the funnels into the organism, and these were of about the same size throughout. This fact, together with others which I ha^^^e stated, removes all doubt as to the sponge nature of the organism. There is no form known to me in literature which corresponds to this in structure. Halisarca does not have a tough membranous ectoderm, while the Physemaria have an ecto-skeleton, composed of the shells of Foramimfera. But as the existence of the Physemaria has been apx)ar- ently doubted by some zoologists, the position of Camaraphysema becomes an interesting question. At any rate it may be safely placed close to the fleshy sponges, and may possibly constitute a distinct family. The account now offered, while it is not as complete as might be de- sired, rests upon sufficient evidence to make it desirable that the fullest possible descrii)tion of the organism should be put uj^on record for the benefit of those who may have the opportunity of extending or confirm • ing my interpretation of its anatomical and embryological features. While I could hardly convince myself at first that I did not have before me some one of those curious compound Ascidians of the suborder Synascidm, the absence, however, of a common cloacal cavity and any indications of a branchial apparatus or a digestive canal satisfied me that I was not dealing with a tunicate, but that I should have to look among the very lowest of the sponges for its nearest affines. I have stated that no collar or flagellum could be detected as forming the inner extremities of the cells lining the cavities. This fact does not, however, render it improbable that such structures exist in the liv- ing animal, as it must be borne in mind that both Bowerbank and Carter have called attention to the circumstance that the flagellate cells of sponges withdraw their collars and flagella after death. The extreme iittitability of sponges is notorious, and to one who sees it for the first time would be considered remarkable, audit is not unlikely that Cama- raphysema partakes of this characteristic, known to be well-nigh common to all the members of the group. The exact locality from whence this species was derived could not be ascertained ; all that the writer could learn was that the lot of oysters from whence he had obtained his specimen had certainly been brought from the waters of the Chesapeake. It is to be hoped that more speci- mens will be brought to light, as the writer in investigating his unique specimen was obliged to sacrifice it in order to make, his study as com- plete as possible by slicing it up into sections. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 271 Camaraphysejia obscuka, Eyder. 272 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURE ON PRECEDING PAGE. Fig. 1 .—Embryo in the mulberry stage of development, enlarged 250 times. Fig. 2.—Embryo in tire condition of the first cleavage, showing the nuclei and nucleoli of its cells distinctly and an egg membrane, 250 diameters, Fig. 3.—Embryo in mulberry stage of more frequent ovoid form, 250 diameters. Fig 4.—Part of a cross-section of the larger br.anch of the animal, showing the cham- bered character of the organism, the membranous septa, the oscular funnels in various conditions of extension, and the eggs and embi-yos in place; 25 diameters. Fig. 5.—The whole auimal of Camaraphyscma ohscura, enlarged 7 times. Fig. 6.—A small portion of a cross-section similar to Fig. 4, showing the single layer of cells which pave tho walls of the chambers, with the embryos in position in one of the latter. The stria) on the cut edges of the walls of the chambers and the peculiar conformation of the oscular funnels are indicated. Enlarged 200 times. Fig. 7.—Foxir of the pavement cells liuing the chambers, magnified 900 times, show- ing their nuclei distinctly. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273 DESCRIPTIOIV OF TWO JSEW SPECIES OF SC0PEL.03D FISBIES, srDIS KaiVCJErvS AIV» iT^IVCTOPEaUM CKEIVULARE, FROJn SAIVTA BAKKAKA CCIA.^IVEIL, € AliaFOBi-VflA. By DATBI> 8. JOKOAIV »nd CSIAESLBS ii. OBLBERT. Stidis ringens, sp. nov. The type of this species is in very poor condition, having been taken from the stomach of a Merhwius^ itself found in the stomach of an Albi- coie {Orcynus alaJonga = Orcymis pacificus Cooper). The process of digestion has destroyed the adipose fin, the ventral lius, and the skin of one side, and the back part of the head is considerably m-ntilated. Fortunately, the anterior part of the head, with the jaws and teeth, is not at all injured, and the dorsal and anal fins are well preserved. There is, therefore, no doubt concerning the classification of the fish, and as it is the only one of its type yet found in the Pacific, and evidently differ- ent from 6'. hyalina., a desci'i[)tiou of it seems desirable, even though our material is not complete. Body very slender and elongate, compressed, the depth forming about one-sixteenth of the length. Head rather slender, anteriorly pointed and moderatel}' depressed, so much injured behind the eyes that its ex- act form posteriorly cannot be ascertained. Mouth large, horizontal, the gape extending more than half the length of the head. Margin of the upper jaw formed entirely by the very slender, nearly straight i^re- maxillaries, which are closely aj)pressed to the long and slender maxil- laries. Maxillaries extending to below the eye, nearly as far as the man- dibular joint. Tip of u])per jaw emarginate. Tip of lower jaw rather broad, turned up, and fitting in the notch of the upper jaw. Premaxilla- ries armed with a series of small, sharp, subeqnal, close-set teeth, which are hooked backward. A long slender canine in front on each side. Lower jaw with about ten sharp, slender teeth on each side, these teeth very unequal, some of them short, three or four very long and canine-like. l:>5"ear the front is one fang-like tooth on each side, then a considerable interspace, behind which the others are arranged partly in two rows. Most of these teeth, especially the inner and larger ones, and the anterior canines, are freely depressible. A long series of teeth on the palatines, one or two of the anterior teeth on each side and one or two others long, slender, and fang-like. Tongue free anteriorly, roughish, but apparently without teeth. Opercular bones very thin and membranaceous. Branchiostegals about seven. Gill-membranes not connected. GiL -rakers short, sharp, spine-like. Scales nearly all lost. The few preserved are very large, cycloid, their diameter nearly a four(h of the depth of the body. Dorsal fin inserted somewhat behind the middle of the body, at a distance of nearly 4 times its base in front of the anal, its height a little greater than the length of its base. It is composed of 11 (I, 10) rays. Adipose dorsal not preserved. Proc. Is^it. Mus. 80 18 Sept. 28, 1880. 274 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Anal fin anteriorly nearly as high as the dorsal, its posterior rays low. The number of rays apparently I, 25, possibly I, 24 or I, 2G. Ventral fins totally obliterated. Pectoral fins placed low, rather short, about as long as the maxillary. Caudal fin short, narrow, apparently forked. The coloration is apparently light olive, the sides silvery, with dark punctulations. Fins plain. Peritoneum silvery, underlaid by black pigment. Table of measiirevients. Total length (ca) 6.60 inches Length to base of caudal 6.25 inches = 100 Body: Greatest depth 6 Least depth 2 Length of caudal peduncle , 6 Head : Length (ca) 16^ Length of maxillary 9 Length of mandible 11^ Length of snout 8 Dorsal : Distance from snout 57 Length of base ^i Greatest height (ca) 7 Anal: Distance from snout 80 Length of base (ca) 14 Greatest height (ca) 5 Pectoral length 8 Dorsal rays 1. 1^ Anal rays 1. 25 This species differs from Sudis liycdina as described by Dr. Giinther (Cat. Pishes Brit. Mus., v, 420) chiefly in the dentition, canine teeth being present on the premaxillaries and palatines, as well as on the mandible. The head is also shorter and the mouth apparently larger in proportion. Myctophum crentilare, sp. nov. Form much compressed, deepest in front of the base of the pectorals, bluntly convex anteriorily, tapering behind. Ventral region much more arched than dorsal. Caudal peduncle long and very slender. Heatl short and high, abruptly rounded in profile, the snout very blunt. Jaws equal, the snout not projecting beyond the mouth. Maxillary very slender, scarcely widened to its tip, and not dilated, its extremity reach- ing beyond the eye to the margin of the jjreopercle. Premaxillaries anteriorly on a level of the pupil. Teeth very small, present on all the dentigerous bones. Eami of the mandible nearly par- allel, coming together in a sharp keel below. Orbital margin above and in front with a thin membranaceous rim, that in front distinct and formed by the upturned edge of the preorbital. l^asal bones membranaceous, their edges upturned, forming a horizontal PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 275 groove. A groove between the frontal bones. Orbital margins sep- arated by a groove from the preopercle. Margin of preopercle very ubliqne. All the membrane bones extremely thin, membranaceons. Eye large, 3^ in head. Gill-rakers long and slender. Head 3f in length to base of candal ; depth 4J. Head and body completely covered with thin membranaceons scales, those on the middle of the sides not elevated and not noticeably larger than the others. Free edges of all the scales crenulate, some of them, especially on the back, with the crenations acute, but without spines, the scales not being really ctenoid or spinous. About 45 scales in a longitudinal series. A i)hos]»horescent spot on each mandible near the symphysis, 33 pairs of spots along the belly, 6 in front of ventrals, 6 between ventrals and origin of anal, and 21 between front of anal and base of caudal. Caudal peduncle above and below with two or three backward-di- rected spines, which are apparently the exserted tips of vertebral i>yo- cesses. Fin rays (not quite certain, the tips being frayed out) : Dorsal about 12, anal about IG, the fins rather low. Origin of dorsal nearer the snout than the base of caudal, much behind the base of the ventrals. Ventrals short, not reaching halfway to vent- Pectorals reaching base of ventrals. Color very dark steel-blue above, silvery on sides and below, with dark metallic luster. The usual phosphorescent spots present, as above described. No evident cream-colored blotch on the back of tail. Myctophum crenulare is known to us at present from a single speci- men, about 1^ inches long, taken from the stomach of an Albicore ( Or- cynvs alaJonga) in Santa Barbara Channel, July 11, 1880. It had evi- dently just been swallowed, and is in fairly good condition. It belongs to that division of the genus " Scopclus " called by Dr. Giinther " Myctophum " (Cat Fishes Brit. Mus., v, 405). As the latter name has priority over tScopelus^ it must be retained as a generic name for some or all of these fishes. Tabic of measurements. Extreme length 2.20 inches Length to base of caudal 1.80 inches = 100 Body: Greatest depth 23 Least depth of tail 4 Length of candal pednncle 22 Head : Greatest length 27 Width of interorbital Length of maxillary 19 Tjength of snout 3 Diameter of eye 8 Dorsal, distance from snont 51 Anal, distance from snont , r)4 Pectoral, length 9^ 276 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Yeutral : Length \2 Distance from snout 39 Dorsal rays (ca) 12 Anal rays (ca) 16 Number of scales in longitudinal series 45 Number of phosphorescent spots 33 Santa Barbara, Cal., July 15, 1880. I»E.<^CRlPTIOIV OF TWO IVEW SPECJES OF FliOUIVUEKS (PAROPEIRV!^ ISt'BIYKlTS AmO lfiIPPOClLO$!$!!«OII>E8 E1.ASSOUOIV,) FROITI PU«ET'S $»OUI^I[>. By 1»AVI1> S, JOKDAN and CHARLES H. GILSERT. Parophrys ischyrus, sp. nov. Body rhombic-oblong, less deep than in Platichtliys stellatufi or Lepidop- setta hiU)icata, and with the head more pointed and jirotruding-, bnt less so than in Farophrys 'vetulvs. Body tapering from the middle to the head and tail, the four bounding lines but little curved and quite regu- lar. Caudal peduncle strong, compressed, and rather long. Head com- paratively long, a slight angle over the eye, and the snout protruding and not obtuse. Lips full, simple. Mouth moderate, oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting and somewhat more developed on the blind side, 5 + '*o Teeth about ^ in number. 10 + 22 Teeth in one series, rather close set, some on both sides of the jaw. but more numerous on the blind side, somewhat irregular in length, some of them movable. In form the teeth are somewhat compressed and incisor-like and bluntish, but not as notably so as in some related spec^ies. No teeth on vomer and palatines. Maxillary reaching past the front of the orbit, nearly to the papil. Anterior nostril with a flap. Posterior nostril almost sim.ple. Tongue free. Eyes rather large, the upper directed upward, the lower slightly in advance of the other. An area covered with smooth skin in and be- hind orbit of upper eye. Interorbital space rather broad, somewhat elevated mesially, con- tinuous, with a slightly marked ridge above the oi^ercle and forking forwards, the lower branch ending in a blunt j)romineiice. Snout behind nostrils, iuterocular ridge, and posterior part of head covered with scales like those on the body, but smaller and rougher. Preorbital very narrow, naked. Skin of head continuous over the edge of the preopercle. Gill oi)euings above not continued forward. Gill- rakers short, slender, and weak, about 12 below the angle of the arch. Branchiostegals seven. Lower i>haryngeal bones separate, each with two rows of coarse, blunt teeth. Scales moderate in size, thick and firm, adherent, not closely imbri- cated, anteriorly separated. Those on the tail oblong and a little im- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 277 bedded, those on the head and anterior regions rather regularly arranged, but not close together. Scales strongly ctenoid everywhere, each with a semicircle of six to ten upward-directed spinules on its posterior edge. Those on the head and body are similar, the former being a little smaller and rougher, especially behind the eyes, where they are somewliat stellate. Left or blind side of the body uniformly scaled like the eyed side, the scales similar and almost as strongly ctenoid. Preopercle nearly smooth. Eest of head with small rough scales, similar to those on the right side, but farther apart. Caudal, middle part of dorsal and anal, and bases of pectorals and ventrals with small rough scales in series, running up the rays on the right side. On the blind side the base of the caudal with small rough scales. Other fins naked. Lateral line conspicuous, its scales less rough than the others 5 a very slight curve anteriorly, otherwise straight. A distinct short accessory lateral line on both sides, extending to about the tenth dorsal ray. A series of pores around lower eye behind. No enlarged scales along lat- eral line or at the bases of the tins. Lateral line with about 88 pores ; about 80 scales in a longitudinal series above the lateral line. Dorsal fin beginning over the pupil, its first rays turned slightly toward the blind side, low in front, the rays regularly increasing to behind the middle of the body,then similarly diminishing. Anal fin similarly formed, preceded by an antrorse spine. Highest rays of dorsal and anal about equal and nearly half the length of the head. Caudal fin large, somewhat double-truncate, the middle rays produced Pectoral a little more than half the length of the head, that on blind side shorter. Ventrals reaching to anal. Rays of dorsal and anal all simple. Dorsal rays, 70-7G ; anal, 52-57 ;* ventrals, G. Eyes and color on the right side. Color above light olive-brown, vaguely clouded with light and dark Fins reddish-brown ; a few roundish dusky blotches on dorsal and anal, resembling in position the black vertical bars found in Platichtliys stel- latiis. Pectoral and caudal tipped with dusky. P)lind side white, either immaculate or else with small 1 ound rusty spots. Left side of head some- times rusty tinged. This species is known to us from four examples obtained with a seine jn the harbor of Seattle, Washington Territory. We place it tempora- rily in the genus Parophrys, inasmuch as it has the technical characters at present assigned to that genus, i. e., the small mouth with blunt uni- serial teeth, and tlie straight lateral line with its accessory dorsal branch. The character of cycloid scales assigned to Parophrys needs modifica- tion, as in Parophrys vetulus most of the scales on the cheeks and tail are slightly ctenoid. 278 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. It is, however, evident that there is no special afiQnity existing between the present species and Parophrys vetulus, and no very close relation between either and Lepidopsetta isolepis Lockington, which, by its tech- nical characters, would be also a Parophrys. The nearest natural ally of Parophrys ischyrus is perhaps Lepidopsetta hiUneata, and the present arrangement is to be accepted only until the relations of these forms can be more fully investigated. Hippoglossoides elassodon, sp. nov. Body oblong-elliptical, strongly compressed, the dorsal and ventral outlines regularly and pretty strongly arched. Caudal peduncle mod- erate, about as long as deep and growing wider behind. Head rather large, bluntish, its upper profile continuous with the outline of the back. Depression over the eye slight. Mouth compara- tively large, very oblique, the upper jaw somewhat concave in outline, the lower correspondingly convex, the gape considerably wider on the blind side than on the right side. Lower jaw rather strongly protruding, with a considerable symphyseal knob. Maxillary rather narrow, reach- ing to opposite the middle of the pupil or beyond, the maxillary on the blind side much longer than the other. Premaxillary anteriorly on the level of the interocular space. Upper jaw with a single series of small conical teeth, which are not very sharp. Tliese teeth are somewhat larger in front than on the sides, and also more widely set. Everywhere they are quite small, much smaller than in Hippoglossoides jordani^ and not larger than in H. exiUs. Lower jaw with a single series of rather close-set teeth similar to those in the upi)er jaw, or slightly larger ; those on the sides smaller than the 35 -4- 45 anterior teeth. Number of teeth about _ "*" ^^. 25-1- 35 Eyes large, nearly even in front, the upper eye directed somewhat upward, but not reaching the dorsal line. Interorbital space a narrow sharp ridge, with about two rows of minute scales ; 10 to 15 rows of scales in an oblique series on the cheeks. A series of mucous pores around lower eye behind. Preorbital narrow. Anterior nostril Avith a rather long flap, posterior with a slight tube Gill-rakers long, slender, and straight, 15 to 17 below the angle of the ai'ch, their inner margins feebly dentate. Pyloric coeca 4. Scales small, firm, less readily deciduous even than in S.jordani, rough to the touch, with the spinules short and firm. Scales on head similar, but more imbedded, those on the tail larger and rougher Scales on blind side small, mostly smooth, except on the caudal pedun- cle, where they are larger and rough ctenoid, like the scales on the right side. The scales along the base of the dorsal and anal and those near the lateral line more or less ctenoid. Scales along left side of head small, non-imbricate, those on the preopercle and posterior part of the clieeks becoming obsolete. The amount of roughness on the r>cales below is subject to considerable variation. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 279 Lateral line very prominent, as in H. exilis, the tubes coarse, their number (88 to 92) less than that of the transverse series of scales. Scales : 41 to 50 ; 110 to 120 ; 35 to 44. Lateral line slightly rising anteriorly, but without arch. No acces- sory lateral line. Eays of all the fins on the eyed side (except the posterior part of dorsal and anal) and of the caudal on the left side covered high up with series of narrow- ctenoid scales. Fins well developed, of firm texture, the tips of the rays protruding. Dorsal fin beginning immediately in front of the pupil, its anterior rays low, the others regularly increasing backwards to a point much behind the middle of the fin, then becoming rapidly shorter, the highest rays nearly half the length of the head and more than the length of the caudal peduncle. Anal fin preceded by a spine, its highest rays opposite to or in front of those of the dorsal and equal to them, the others rapidly shortened. Caudal long, double-truncate or convex, the middle rays considerably l)roduced, as in H. exilis, more than in H. jordani. Pectoral fin half the length of the head, that on blind side shorter. Yentrals moderate, reaching past front of anal, their inner rays short- ened. Dorsal rays, 77 to 84; anal rays, 59 to G3; ventrals, G. Color light olivaceous brown, nearly uniform on the body. Fins grayish, obscurely and irregularly blotched with dusky. Blind side plain. This species differs from Hippoglossoides jordani and H. exilis, the two species thus far known fiora the Pacific coast of the United States, in the presence of but a single row of teeth in the upper jaw. From 11. jor- dani it further differs in the much smaller teeth, fewer fin rays, and more convex caudal. From H. exilis the small scales and firmer texture at once distinguish it. Its nearest relative is probably the Atlantic species, Hippoglossoides platessoides, which has a larger number of rays in the vertical fins. Hippoglossoides elassodon is known to us by about 20 examples of different sizes, all obtained with hook and line from the wharves at Seattle and Tacoma, in Washington Territory. 280 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TaMe of proportionate measxirementa. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 281 ill France under the name of Anguille pimperneau, Dareste* found the same organ. It api^ears that only in one case {Anguilla bostoniensls) have living spermatozoa been found in a male eel, as we learn from a communication to the Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. ii, No. 18, p. 15, by A. S. Packard. The male in this case was about 430""" long (17 inches). That the finding of such specimens is so very rare should not astonish us, since the young eels migrate to the deep sea, where the reproductive organs complete their development very rapidly (6 to 8 weeks), when spawning takes place ; the old eels, the females as well as the males, dying after the reproductive act is consummated. Though on this account the spermatozoa, and in most cases their testicular mother cells, are wanting, the investigation of the histological structure of the organ of Syrski may still bring us somewhat nearer to the truth. If one examines i^artially grown eels measuring 200-500™" in length one will find a moderate broad band in the abdominal cavity of seme of them, attached at its inner margin by a narrow duplicature of the peritoneum to the air-bladder, the other margin, however, hanging I'ree in the cavity of the abdomen. This band extends from the liver to behind the anal opening, and is covered by thousands of fat cells. A lobular organ, consisting also of fat cells, overlies the hinder portion of the alimentary canal and ovarium. I found the eggs to average 0.75™™ in diameter from specimens 20-50 *^™ in length. Treated with acetic acid and ammoniacal carmine solution, a large nuclens and nucleolus became visible. In other examples, although the fat lobules were present, the broad band was absent. But in exactly the same position and along the dorsal asj)ect of the abdominal cavity a quite thin band or strip of tissue of glass-like transparency is attached, and likewise by a fold of connective tissue (peritoneum), to the air-bladder, and extends from the liver to behind the anal opening. This band or strip of tissue is cre- nated along its free margin, the lobes of which measure 0.75™™ in length and 0.5™™ in depth, their convex portion depending into the abdominal cavity. In this Syrskian orlobed organ one finds, along the margin where it is attached, a fine canal, the efferent seminal duct, which, upon being tinged with carmine, becomes quite distinct, and which may also be dem- onstrated by means of injections. The histological structure of the fore- going lobulated organ was investigated by Freud.t He found an areolar structure with connective tissue corpuscles, similar to the histological structure of the immature testes of fishes. My preparations had a sim- ilar appearance as long as the smaller examples were the subjects of investigation. In the largest specimens of eels Avith lobulated organs investigated by me (445'"'" long) 1 found cylindriform strings, which passed from the bases to the tips of the lobes, and were filled with cells. After repeated trials with the most different reagents, I did not succeed in clearly distinguishing a nucleus in these cells. My observations * Compt. Reiidus, 1875. t. Ixxxi p. 159. t Sitzungsber. d. kiiis. Akad. d. Wisseusch., Wicii, 1877, Miirz Heft, 282 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Avere made with a Zeiss immersion, objective K, oculars 2 and 3. According' to Jacoby,* Von Seibold saw similar strings of cells in an eel, in wliicli the lobes were very strongly developed. These strings of cells presented to the eye the most undoubted similarity to the testicular mother cells of spermatozoa. I also believe that the strings of cells ob- served by me must be regarded as such. In no case did I observe any spermatozoa. Previous to my investigations into the histology of the testicular lobes of the eel, I occupied myself with the question whether there were not some other external characters distinguishing the sexes besides the already mentioned difference in size and length. Jacoby remarks as follows upon this point : "1. A distinctly broader snout in the female as compared with the slender, either elongated or short, and pointed snout of specimens with the lobulated organs. "2. A ligliter coloration of the female, usually quite green on the back and yellowish or yellow on the bellj', whilst the other sex is much darker green in color, often an intense black on the back, with always a more marked metallic luster on the sides, and usuallj^ whitish on the belly. " 3. A further and important external character is an api^reciable differ- ence in the height of the dorsal fin (a point confirmed by me). All the females have a distinctly higher and wider dorsal than males of the same size. "4. And, finally, we may note, although not a constantly a])preciable character, the greater diameter of the eye of the male. Eels with strik- ingly small eyes seem almost always to be females. Eels which have a Syrskian organ usually have relatively large eyes, though large-eyed females are equally common." Jacoby then gives some measurements, the averages of a great num- ber of eels measured by him, from which the actual value of his charac- ters becomes apparent. I believe, nevertheless, that he attaches too much importance to some of his characters, and some others, not less important, he has not noticed at all. Out of a great number of eels measured by me I select the following, in which the measurements given in the parallel rows are taken from pairs the lengths of which are, as nearly as possible, the same: * Dr. L. Jacoby, Der Fisclifang iu der Lagune voa Cominacluo. VII ^ villi mm. 270 305 325 324 327. 327. 345 344 355 352 359 358 378 375 389 380 +i— 284 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tant characters, namely, the relative proportions of the dorsal and snout, by their help picking out those specimens which appeared to be males, I actually found 80 to 90 per cent, of the individuals so selected to be males with the Syrskian organ. I found it impossible to discover distinctive sexual differences of col- oration ; all the males and females investigated by me were of a white color ventrally, green above, with a metalic luster on the sides. DESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPAROID FISH (SPAKUS BRACHYSOMUS), FKOiTI 1.0WER CAI^IFOR.'VIA. By W. N. LOCKIWGTON. Spams brachysomus n. sp. D. - ; A. ^ : P. 15: Y. ^: C. 3-9-8-3: L. lat. cir. 50.12' IL 5 Body compressed, high ; snout and forehead rising in nearly a straight line, at an angle of about fifty degrees with the axis of the body, to the occiput. From this point the dorsal outline arches upwards to the third dorsal spine, then downwards in a continuous arch to the end of the dor- sal fin. Abdominal outline much less curved than the dorsal, the anal portion more curved than the anterior x)ortion, lower jaw curved, outline between lower jaw and ventrals nearly straight. Greatest depth 2§; length of head about 3-1^; dorsal base about 2-^', pectoral about 3| times iu the greatest length ; snout (along axis of body) f ; orbit 4^ ; interocular width 3|-f in the length of the head ; least depth of caudal peduncle 5^ times iii the greatest depth. Posterior extremity of maxillary falling somewbat short of the ante- rior margin of the orbit, its upper margin concealed beneath the pre- orbital throughout ; no prominent knob at upper extremity. Lower jaw shorter than the upper. Nostrils simple ; the posterior a large elongated slit close in front of the orbit and on a level with the lower half of the eye; the anterior a small circular foramen situated at a lower level than the posterior and about one-fourth of the diameter of the eye in advance of it. Interocular space considerably convex transversely, but only slightly so longitudinally. Posterior margin of j)reoperculum straight and vertical, lower line convex, the angle of junction strongly rouuded. Operculum ending in a flat point; suboperculum membranous at tip. Numerous conical teeth in frout of the jaws, the anterior row consid- erably larger than those behind. Three rows of molars in the upper jaw, two in the lower. In the specimens examined there are 9 large incisors in the mandible, forming a bold arc, the interior of which contains about five irregular rows of crowded cardiform teeth, reaching back to the an- terior small molars. Upper jaw similar, with 7-10 large incisor teeth. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 285 Number of molars in each row of lower jaw variable, but usually 9 ou each side, those of the iinier row increasiug in size to the last, or to the penultimate, which sometimes exceeds the last in size. Teeth of outer row also increasing in size posteriorly, but to a less extent and less regu- larly, so that the hinder four molars of the inner row are much larger than their neighbors in the outer row. The two inner rows meet at aa acute angle, the anterior pair in contact. Inner row of molars of intermaxillaries consisting of 21 teeth, of wliicli G-7 form a row on each side, and increase in size to the hindermost or the one in front of it, while the remainder form a curved line of small tubercular teeth of even size along the inner side of the front of the jaw, behind the band of incisors. Outer row of molars 8 in nund)er, similar to those of the lower jaw. IMiddh^ row formed of more numerous (about 14) and, on the whole, smaller teeth than either of the outer rows, increasing in size posteriorly, so that, though tlie anterioi- five or six are very small, the posterior ones are about eAVSI> S. JOISDAN ami CfilARLKS II. GILBERT. The Sebastoid fishes of the coast of Califoruia have been referred by Professor Gill to four genera : Sehasfodes (type paucispinis), Sehasfosomns (type melanops)^ Sebastomus (type rosaceus), and SehasUchthys {tyi^enigro- cinctun)^ the first separated by the small size of the scales, the others mainly differentiated by the degree of development in the spines of the head. The genus Sebastodes we consider valid, referring to it only paucispinis, although the afiBuities between paucispinis and the group termed Schastosomus are not remote, as is shown by the smooth head,' protruding lowerjaw, small scales, and longer anal fin in the latter grouj). The discovery by us of numerous additional species not known to Professor Gill renders it evident to us that the groups Sehastosomus and Scbastomus cannot be maintained as genera distinct from Sehastichthys^ and that, in order to recognize them as subgenera even, a different dis- tribution of the species must be adopted. The Californian species known to Professor Gill are distributed by him as follows : Genus Sebastodes. paucispinis. Genus Sebastosomus. melanops. simulans. flavidus. ovalis. pinniger. Genus Sebastomus. elongatus. rosaceus. ruber. auriculatus. nebulosus. Genus Sebastichthys. nigrocinctus. The following arrangement expresses our present views as to the relations of the species known to us, so far as it can be shown in a linear series. Genus Sebastodes. j)aucispinis. Genus Sebastichthys. Series (or subgenus) Sebastosomus. melanops. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. simiilans. flavidiis. ovalis. Series (or subgenus) Sehastichthys. atrovirens. pinniger. eloiiffatus. rubrivinctus. auriculatus. vexillaris. chlorostictus. rosaceus. constellatus. ruber. rastrelliger. nebulosus. fasciolaris. serriceps. nigrociuctus. Of the foregoing species we have examined a large series of all except ovalis, rubrivinctus, and nigrocinctus. All the species except nigrocinctus, ovalis, and riihrivinctus are of frequent occurrence in tlie San Francisco markets. The characters drawn from the presence or absence of the diiferent pairs of spinous ridges on the top of the head are among the most reliable in this group, although not hitherto accurately given by the describers of the species. Some individual irregulaiitics may be observed, but these are usually readily detected. For these spines w^e have adopted the following names: N^asal: those near the nostrds; present in all our species of Sehastichthys. Preocular: for those above the front of the eye ; present in all excei)t flavidus and simulans. In melanops the ridge is present, but it usually does not end in a spine. Supraocular : above the eye ; present in all but simulans, melanops, and jiavidus. Postocular : close behind these ; present in most of the red species, usually wanting in others. Tympanic: behind the postoculai', and generally present. Occipital : long ridges on the pos- terior part of the liead on each side of the occipital crest. These ridges end in opines in all except .-nclanops, simulans, a,nd Jiavidus. Coronal: PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 289 a pair of distinct spinous ridges in front of the occipital ridge; present in one species only — auriculatus. NucJial: close behind the occipital; in one species [serriceps) large and distinct, in the others either wanting or often coalescent with the preceding. Two suprascapular spines are present in all the species excei)t auricu- latKs, ^vliich has three on each side. The following table gives the names of the spinigerous ridges on the top of the head usuallii present in each species, beginning with those in which the ridges are least elevated : Pairs. Paueispinis, preocitlar, occipital 2 Flavidtis, nasal 1 MeJavops, nasal and preocular lor2 Simulans, nasal . 1 Ooalis, nasal, preocnlar, supruocnlar, postocnlar, tympanic, and occipital 6 Pinnujer, nasal, preocnlar, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital 6 gAtrovirens, nasal, preocular, supraocular, occipital, and sometimes tympanic... 4 or 5 Elonyatus, nasal, i)reocular, supraocular, tympanic, occijiital 5 Easirell'ujer, nasal, x>reocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital. - 5 Auriculatus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, coronal, occipital, and often nuchal 7 Vcxillaris, nasal, preocular, supraocular, occipital, and sometimes tympEyiic ... 4 or 5 Chlorostictus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital 6 Buhrivinctus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5 Eosacens, nasal, preocular, sui^raocular, postocular, tymxianic, occipital 6 Constellatus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occij)ital 6 JSfebulosus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5 Buber, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital Fasclolaris, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5 Serriceps, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital, nuchal 6 Nigrocinctus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postociilar, occipital 5 The character of the gill-rakers has been hitherto unnoticed. In this regard the species may be grouped as follows : 1. Long and slender : Jiavidus, simulans^ ovalis.jnnniger, onelanojjs, atro- virens. 2. Long and rather strong : rexiUaris, elongatns, cJiIorostictris, rosaceus. 3. Stout and rather short, usually not clavate, but constricted toward the tips : ruhrivinctus, auriculatus, constellatus, ruher. 4. Stout, short, compressed, and clavate : nehulosus, fasciolaris, serri- ceps, nigrocinctus. 5. Very short, broader than high : rastrelliger. Sebastichthys atrovirens sp. noY. Allied to 8. pimiiger. Body oblong, not very stout, not tapering rapidly backward. Head moderate, rather pointed, its upper outline with a slightly curved slope from the snout to the nuchal region. Moutli moderate, not very oblique, the lower jaw little projecting, the rather sleuder maxillary extending to the posterior border of the pupil ; the premaxillary below the horizon of the pupil. Maxillary largely scaly. Eye large, about three and a half times in length of head. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 19 Sept. S8, 1880. 290 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eidges on top of head rather low, not ending in very prominent si)iues. The following pairs are present : N'asal, preociUar, supraocular, and occipital., four in all. Occasionally the tympanic spine is alsodevel- oi)ed, although very small. The nasal spines are quite prominent. The preocular and superocnlar moderately so, but short. The occipital spines are comparatively short and low. Preorbital bone with the neck very narrow, scarcely one-fifth the di- ameter of the eye, provided anteriorly with two stout spines, which pro- ject backward. Preopercular spines short, but rather sharp, the second longer and slendererthan the others, all of them iiointed. Subopercle and interoper- cle with spines. Opercular and suprascapular spines sharp. Interorbital space rather broad and slightly convex, widened back- ward, a little depressed on each side next the supraocular spine, its width less than that of the eye and more than the length of the occipital spine. Gill-rakers long and slender, but stouter, rougher, and shorter than in 8. pinniger, 9 above the angle and aboiit 22 below ; the longest two- fifths the diameter of the eye, about half the interorbital space. Scales on the head rather large, about 15 in a cross-series on the checks above the suborbital stay. Preorbital scaly. Scales on body large and somewhat more regularly arranged than usual. Accessory scales present, but not numerous ; 52 transverse series of scales. Dorsal spines moderate, the fifth and sixth spines highest, the others regularly sliortened each way, the twelfth about as long as the first, the membrane joining the thirteenth less than half way up; the highest spine rather less than half the length of the head and lower than the soft rays, which are rather high. Caudal slightly rounded. Anal fin short and high, its spines slender, the second shorter than the third, and not much stronger. Pectorals long and narrow, reaching past the vent and nearly to the beginning of the anal, their length seven-eighths that of the head, their base quite narrow, less than the diameter of the eye. Ventrals long, reaching just past the vent. D. XII, I, 14; A. Ill, 7. Color similar to that of 8. rasfrcUiger, but i^aler, usually olive-green, marbled with darker; belly pale yellowish green ; fins olivaceous. Some- times this species is quite dark, but it never shows red tints either on body or fins. This species is closely related to S. pinniger, from which it differs in the absence of the postocular and tympanic spines and in the coloration, 8. pinnigcr being always chiefl}^ orange-red. Externally it resembles 8. t astrelligcr most, but it may be known at once from the latter species by the long gill rakers and narrow pectorals. 8. afrovirens is very abundant from Point Concepcion as far as San Diego. About Catiliua Island it is the most abundant species of the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 291 genus. It is frequently seen in the San Francisco markets. It reaches a length of about 15 inches, and is usually known as Garrupa or Grouper. Sebastichtiiys rubrivinctus sp. nov. Body robust, rather deep and couipressed, tapering behind to a slen- der caudal peduncle. Head long, acute in profile, there being a nearly straight slope from a bony prominence in front of the spinous dorsal to the tip of the lower jaw. Mouth rather large, oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting. Maxillary broad, scaleless, extending to opposite the middle of the eye; anterior edge of iiremaxillary o'n the level of the lower border of the eye. Eidges on top of head quite low, five pairs of them ending in spines, which are bluntish and depressed. Nasal j preocular, supraocular, tym- panic, and occipital spines present. In one example the nasal spines are covered by the skin. Ocular ridges not much elevated. Interorbital space tlattish, narrow, not so broad as the eye, not wid- ened behind, covered with rather sparse, almost cycloid, scales. Two long frontal ridges extend the length of the interorbital space. These are coveretl with bare skin. Behind and between these are two shorter ridges occui)ying the place of the coronal ridges found in 8. auriculatus. These two are covered by naked skin, and do not end in spines. Tym- l)auic spines well developed. Occipital ridges long, curved, diverging behind. Suborbital stay very prominent, its tip nearly reaching the preopercle. Preopercle with five very strong spines, the three uppermost very long and sharp, the second the longest. Subopercle and interopercle entire. Opercle above with two sharp, long spines. Suprascapular with two strong spines. Preorbital very wide, its neck two-fifths the diameter of the eye, with one sharp spine and a large prominence, which usually ends in a spine also. Eye extremely large, its diameter 3J in length of head. Gill-rakers rather short, rather robust, much compressed, toothed on the inner margin, the longest about one-fourth the length of the eye. Gill-rakers 8 + 20 in number, about 4 + 16 of them being free. Scales on head all small and thin, mostly cycloid, the minute acces- sory scales extremely numerous. Scales of body smoother than usual, the accessory scales numerous oh the posterior part and on the nuchal region, where the scales generally are smaller and more crowded than on the flanks. Dorsal spines robust, rather high, the fifth the highest, not quite half the length of the head; those behind rapidly shortened to the twelfth; the twelfth spine lower than the first and much less than half the height of the fifth, its membrane joining the thirteenth spine below its middle. Soft rays about equal in height to the spines. Caudal fin very slightly emarginate. Anal rather low, its second spine much longer and stronger than the third, both robust. Pectorals moderate, not reaching vent; 292 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tlie base moderate, nearly equal to the diameter of tlie eye. Ventrals not reaching- tips of pectorals. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7. Scales in about 48 transverse series. Color very pale rose-red, almost white, with cross-bars of a deep, intense crimson-red, these bands broadest on the back. One of the bands runs across the eye, snout, suborbital, and maxillary, with in- distinct boundaries ; the next across the nuchal region and front of dorsal and opercle 5 the next across the middle of the spinous dorsal, including the ventrals and the posterior half of the pectorals ; another across the soft dorsal and anal; another across the base of the caudal, the fin itself being deep rose color. The other fins share the color of that part of the body against which they lie. This species is known from two examples, each about one foot long, taken on a reef in Santa Barbara Channel, by J. Weinmiller, February 14, 1880. Afterwards about eight others, larger than the original types, were taken in deep water near Monterey. It is known to the fishermen as the ''Spanish Flag," and is the most brilliantly colored large fish on the Pacific coast. Its relations to the other red species are not intimate. Sebastichthys vexillaris sp. nov. Body stout and compressed; the back elevated; the form rather deeper and more elliptical than ,in the other red species. Head mod- erate; the profile moderately acute. Mouth rather large, moderately oblique, the broad maxillary usually extending to a point somewhat behind the orbit. Premaxillary anteriorly on the level of the lower edge of the pupil. Jaws subequal, the lower somewhat projecting, but without symphyseal knob; the upper jaw not emarginate. Ridges on top of head long and low, rather broader and lower than in the other red species; their spines rather depressed. The following- pairs of spines are present, four or five in all: Nasal, preocular, supra- ocular, occipital, and sometimes tympanic. The nasal spines are promi- nent; the preocular spines are quite conspicuous and extend well back- ward ; the isupraocular ridge is depressed and broad, its spine triangu- lar ; the occipital spines are rather long and diverge backward. In some specimens a tympanic spine is present, which is wanting in the others. The interorbital space is broad and flattish, broader than iu related species, about equal to the diameter of the orbit. It is occupied by two raised ridges, which are covered by the scales. In large speci- mens these ridges are quite obscure. Preopercular spines moderate; some of them usually divided into two, three, or four at tip, the middle one the largest. Tbe degree of division of these spines is quite variable, but at least the middle spine is usually divided. Posterior border of the interopercle with a strong spine, above which PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293 are oue to three coiisi^icuous siiines on tbe siibopercle. Opercle with two .diverging spines, above whicli are two suprascapnlar spines. Eye moderate, high up, 4 to 4i in head. Preorbital with the neck very broad, with two bhmti.sh downward directed spines in front, its narrowest i)ortion two-fifths tlie diameter of the eye. Suborbital stay short and rather weak. Maxillary and preorbital with fine scales. Gill-rakers rather long and strong, compressed, toothed on the inner margin, shorter than in atrovirens, the longest slightly clavate, about half the length of the eye; the number about — -, nearly ail of them free. Scales moderate, with few accessory smaller ones, in* 55 transverse series. Dorsal spines very strong and high, about as in chlorostictus, higher than in any other species; the first about half as long as the eye; the fourth the highest, more than half the length of the head, and much liigher than the soft rays. The twelfth spine is a little higher than the first, and its membrane joins the thirteenth about half-way up. Mem- brane of spinous dorsal rather more<1eeply incised than in other species. Soft dorsal rather high, but lower than the spines. Anal spines much smaller than in rosaceiis, etc.; the second not longer than the third, and not much stronger; about two-thirds as high as the soft rays. Soft rays of anal hiS'. oculatus of Chili. Sebastichthys rastrelliger sp. nov. Body rather oblong, deepest at the shoulders, slowly tapering back- ward to a rather deep caudal i)eduncle ; head short, rather blunt and deep, the upper profile straight; mouth moderate, little oblique, the maxillary reaching to the posterior margin of the eye, the premaxilliary rather below the level of the eye ; jaws equal, the lower convex, not produced at tip, and without symphyseal knob. Preorbital bone moderate, the width of its neck about two-fifths the diameter of the eye, its free margiu sinuate, without spines. Eye moderate, anterior, its diameter about 4J in head. Eidges on head strong, but broad and depressed, ending in small spines. The following pairs present : Nasal, preocular, supraocular, tym- panic, and occipital, five in all. The occipital ridges are very long, equal- ing the diameter of the orbit; preo[)ercular spines short and stout, the two upper subequal ; oijercular spines usually verj^ broad and flat, their I)Osterior edge sometimes serrated or bifid ; suprascapular spines strong; spines on interopercle and subopercle small, sometimes obsolete ; inter- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297 orbital space moderate, ]ess than the diameter of the eye, flattish, with two low ridges ; spines of head little divergent backwards. Gill-rakers very short, wide, compressed, the longest as wide as high, the shortest much wider and not free, all strongly toothed on anterior 7 margin and side; the number about —- only 6 to 9 of them being mov- able. Scales on body large, the accessory scales almost wanting; about 45 transverse series, and about 50 in the course of the lateral line. Dorsal spines low, the fifth highest, about two-fifths the length of the head; the last spines not much shortened ; the fin comparatively little emarginate; soft rays considerably higher than the spines. Caudal fin slightly rounded. Aual tin short and high, its spines low, the second as high as the third and much stouter. Pectorals rather short, reaching vent, their base extremely broad, its widtli greater than the length of the eye and about one-third the length of the head; the lower rays much thickened. Ventrals moderate, not quite reaching the tips of the pecto- rals. D. Xlir, 13; A. Ill, G. Color blackish green, with paler mottlings, the sides spotted with darker ; belly i^ale greenish, often many scales on the side, each with a darker spot ; paired fins dark, often tinged with reddish ; other fins chiefly olivaceous, mottled with darker; anal fin often spotted with black. The brigiitness of the olive and greenish shades is quite vari- able, but the species is always without bands or distinct markings and without distinct red. This species is extremely abundant from Point Concepcion to Santa Catalina Island, and large numbers come into the San Francisco market. It may be known at once from all the others by the small gillrakers ("rastra") and by the breadth of its pectoral fins. It grows to the length of about 15 inches. S. rastrclllger is intermediate, in regard to the development of the spines, between the grou[)s termed Scbastomus and Sebastosomtis by Pro- fessor Gill. Its relations with 8. nehnlosus are most intimate, and it forms the base of a series ascending in degree of roughness of head, ter- minating in the extreme of 8, nigrocinctus. Sebastichthys fasciolaeis Lockington, nom. sp. nov. {Scbastes fasciatus Girard, not of Storer.) The form described and figured by Girard as SeMstes fasciatus is, in our opinion, specifically distinct from 8cbasfes nebulosus of Ayres, with which it has usually been identified. The JinjnQ fasciatus is preoccupied in this group. We have therefore adopted the above name, proposed by JMr. Lockington in MSS. Sehastiehthys fascioJaris is very closely related to 8. nebulosus. It is rather stouter, and the slope of the profile is steeper. The ridges on 298 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the top of the head are much higher and stronger, especially the occip- ital ridge, which forms a wall-Mke elevation, much as in S. serriceps. The sides of this ridge are vertical, or even directed upward. The color of this species is very constant and quite distinct from that of nebulosus. It is nearly black, everywhere speckled with whitish. There are coarse yellowish blotches on the sides of the head and body, and a broad, yellowisli, lateral band. This band begins on the mem- brane of the third and fourth dorsal spines, and extends downward to the lateral line, which it follows to the tail.. The edges of this band are very uneven, and it is of varying width, but it is always distinct and continuous. The body is mottled with light and dark, and the fins are all blackish, Avith pale spots. In the bluntish sj^ines of the sides of the head, the horizontal mouth, with shortish subequal jaws, the short, thickish gill-rakers, the high dorsal spines, and moderate, subequal anal spines, this species agrees with S. nebidosus. Both species are common in the San Francisco mar- ket, in about equal abundance. Measurements in himdredtlis of length to base of caudal. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 299 DESCR3PT80IV OF A NEW EITIBaOTOCOm (ABEOIVA AUR©KA), FKOTI ^aO-VTEKEV, C'ALaEOKNIA, WlTfil NOTES 0.\ A REL,ATEO By DATie S. JOKDAN aaad CHAR1.ES H. GIJLBEKT. Body very elongate, with dorsal and ventral outlines e^ enly curved ; caudal peduncle very long, thick at base ; snout blunt and rounded, top of head everywhere transversely convex and the occipital region but little depressed. Mouth small and oblique, the lower jaw somewhat shorter than the upper and included. The nuixillary reaches but two thirds the distance to front of orbit 5 premaxillaries anteriorly about on a level with lower rim of orbit. Teeth long and strong, somewhat compressed and incisor-like, arranged in a close series; each tooth with three short-rounded lobes near the end, the middle lobe the longest; their form precisely as in Abtona minima. These incisor teeth are crowded, with the lobes ovorlapiiing, and often with one slipped eutirelj^ behind the others. Scales of cheeks in three distinct series below, in one posteriorly. Be- hind this outer row and well separated from it are, in the upper jaw, from two to several distinct canines, there being usually a pair near tbo middle of the jaw. G ill-rakers rather feeble, of moderate length. Lower lip thin, with a frenum. Dorsal fin with the spines from the fifth or sixth to the eleventh, louf>er than the others, about equal to each other and to the longest soft rav. Pectorals not reaching as far as do the ventrals, which scarcely reach the vent. Caudal forked for nearly half its length. Ventral groove almost obsolete ; the distance from ventrals to vent about equals the length of the anal flu. Lateral line with 40 to 45 scales (4-43-13). Color bluish black above, becoming lighter on lower half of sides silvery below. Opercles and lower half of sides punctate with black dots and shaded with light orange or rose red, the latter here more intense on the centers of the scales. A broad grayish area extending backward from the axil of the pectorals, without orange tints and dark- ened by black puuctulations on the edges of the scales; this area ends opposite the origin of the anal fin; above it the orange shade forms a rather distinct band from the lips to the base of the caudal. Axil of pectorals black, especially above. Fins plain, speclded with blackish. Anal somewhat yellow. Fin rays: D. VIII, 17; A. Ill, 20. The intestines were filled with a species of Ulva, indicating a vege- table diet. This species is known to us from fifteen exajnples taken in the bay of IMonteroy, and purchased by us in the San Francisco market. 300 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. It agrees with Aheona minima in the peculiar dentition characteristic of that genus, as well as in the large scales and shortened tins. Its form is, however, quite different, resembling more the genera Bracliyis- tills and Cijmatogaster. It is a considerably larger fish than Abcona mi- nima; its dorsal spines are weaker and the number of fin rays is greater. (D. IX, 14 ; A. Ill, 16—in Abcona minima.) From Cijmatogaster aggregatus it is widely separated by the different dentition; with Brackyistius frenatus Gill it has closer affinities, but the two species belong to different genera. This latter species has been but once observed, and no descrij^tion has been yet published, merely a brief note enumerating some of its peculiarities. We therefore subjoin a fuller account, drawn from a fine specimen obtained by us at Santa Barbara. Brachyistius frenatus Gill.* (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 275.) Body elongate, compressed, the body proper regularly elliptical, with long caudal peduncle.. Head long, very slender and pointed, much de- I)ressed above the eyes, the snout projecting. Mouth very small, ter- minal oblique, the small maxillary falling much short of the orbit. Lips rather thin, the lower with a frenum. Teeth loug and slender, some- what lanceolate, few in number, arranged in a single series. Preorbital broad. Cheeks with about two rows of scales; opercles with three. Eye large, anterior, about 3 in head. Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender. Scales large, 42 in the course of the lateral line. Dorsal spines high and rather strong, the first low, the others rapidly increasing to the sixth and seventh, the eighth shorter, the soft rays a little higher than the highest spines. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as the head, not very slender. Caudal fin rather deeply forked. Anal spines feeble, the fin elevated in front. Ventrals reaching soft rays of anal. Pectorals reaching first anal spine. Ventral groove very short. D. VlIT, 15; A. 111,23. Color dark olive-brown above, with lighter stripes along the rows of scales. Below everywhere a brilliant light coppery red; each scale with a light blue spot and dark punctulations. Head colored like the body. Fins all light reddish, plain, the dorsal somewhat dusky. A streak of sky-blue si)ots below and in front of the eye. Measurements of Aheona aurora. Extreme lengtli 6. 93 inches Length to base of caudal 5. 57 inches = 100 * We have since obtained this species in very great numbers at various places along tlie coast from Los Angeles to Vancouver's Island. Ditrema brev'qnnne Giinther is undoubtedly the same Bj)ecies. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301 Body : Greatest depth 36 Least depth of tail I'l Leugth of caudal i>eduuclo '-il Head: Greatest length 25.5 Width of iuterorbital area 9 Length of snout 7 Length of maxillary.. 6 Diameter of eye 7 Dorsal : Distance from snout 37. 5 Length of base 43.5 Height of longest spine 12 Height of highest soft ray 12 Anal : Length of base 16. 5 Height of longest ray 9 Caudal : Length of middle raj's 13.2 Length of outer rays 25 Pectoral, length 24 Ventral, leugth 19 Dorsal rays VIII, 17 Anal rays Ill, 20 Scales 4-43-13 Transverse series below lateral line 35 San Feancisco, Cal., February 28, 1880. UEM^KIS'TIOIV OF A NEW FB.OUM'roER (PtiATI^SOITlATflCEaTHVS .^'tTOi^lSA.^), FK^M THE €OA§T OF «JAl 057 Dorsal rays 101 Anal rays 85 Number of tubes in lateral line 93 San Francisco, Cal., March 1, 1880. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EHBIOTO€OII> FISH (CVMATOOASTEK UOSAC'EITS), FKOM THE COAST OF CAI>IFOKNflA. By S>AVIE> S. J©S£K>AN asid CMARS.ES Iff. GBLBEKT. Body rather elongate, deepest at the shoulders ; the protile thence to the occiput convex, the occipital and interorbital region considerablj^ depressed ; body tapering backwards from the shoulders into a short and slender caudal peduncle. Head small, thick, the snout blunt. Mouth rather large, little oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary slightly passing the vertical from the front of the orbit ; premaxillary anteriorly on a level with the inferior margin of the pupil. Eye very large, its diameter about one-third the length of the head ; interorbital region very broad. Lower lip with a narrow frenum, above which its margin is narrowly free. Teeth large, in a single row, much as in Cymatogaster frenatus, but blunter, slightly compressed and truncate at tip, somewhat incisor-like, 12 the edge, however, entire. Teeth few and distant, about -^ ; none on b the sides of the lower jaw. They are larger, blunter, and more wide-set than in Cymatogaster aggregatus. Scales on the cheeks in three series below. Gill-rakers small and weak, much as in Cymatogaster aggregatus, curved and apparently smooth. Scales large, but rather smaller than in any of the related species, 50 in the course of the lateral line. Spinous dorsal high ; the first spine two fifths the length of the highest; the sixth to tenth of nearly equal height, and higher than the soft rays. Anal fin with the base oblique and convex, the spines rather strong, more or less curved, as in Abeona. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Caudal fin narrow, forked for more than lialf its length, the lobes rather pointed. Pectoral fins small, not reaching to the tii)S of the ventrals, •which attain the anal. Fhi rays: D. X, 18 ; A. Ill, 20. Color in alcohol silvery, strongly flushed with rose-red, darker above. Top of head orange. A very distinct oblong chocolate-colored spot above the lateral line at the origin of the soft dorsal fin. Another much smaller one just below the end of the soft dorsal. Fins immaculate, slightly tinged with reddish. In life the color was silvery, with the rosy flush less distinct. This species is known from a single specimen found by Mr. W. N. Lockington in the San Francisco market. A few others have since been obtained from sweej) nets in deep water. In its relations it is intermediate between the species which we have taken to be Brachijistius frenatus Gill and the common Cymatogaster ag- grcgatus. The frenum of the lower lip is too little developed in the large- scaled Embiotocoids {Abeona, Cymatogaster^ '' Bracliyistius'''') to be used for generic disnnction. Aheona is well set off by the tricuspid teeth, but the dentition of Cymatogaster and Brachyistius is essentially the same, the slightly more incisor-like form of the teeth in Brachyistius being scarcely definable as a generic character. Tlie numbers of fin rays do not afford very good generic characters, as will be seen by the following enumeration : Dorsal. AnaL Cymaiogasfer aggregatus IX, 20-21 III, 22-24 Uracilgist ins rosaceus X, 18 III, 20 Brachyistiusfrenatus VIII, 15 III, 22 Abcona aurora VIII, 17 III, 20 Aheona minima IX, 14 III, 16 We therefore provisionally refer the present species, with Brachyistius frenatus, to the genus Cymatogaster. Table of measurements. Extreme lengtli 5.92 mcTies Length to base of caudal 4.70 inches =: 100 Body: Greatest depth 40 Least depth of tail IH Length of caudal peduncle 15 Head : Greatest length 30 Width of interorbital area 8 Length of snout 6^ Length of maxillary 8^ Diameter of eye 10^ Dorsal : Length of base 50 Height of highest spine 15 Height of longest ray 15 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATE8 NATIONAL MUSEUJI. 305 Anal : Length of base 21 Height of longest ray 'J Distance from veul rals 25 Caudal : Length of luicldle rays lo Length of outer rays JsJfi Pectoral, length ». 27^ Ventral, length 23 Dorsal rays X, 18 Anal rays Ill, 20 Scales G-50-l(3 San Francisco, Cal., March 2, 1880. WESCRIPTIOIV OF A IVE^V SPECIES OF 1>EEP-WATER FINU (l€I( H- TUV'S EOCKHVOTONI), FROITI THE COAST OF CAf.IFORIVIA. By DAVID S. JORDAN and CI1ARI.ES H. C;II.BERt! Icichthys gen. nov. Allied to Icostens Locking-ton, but the body lower and more elongate, not compressed at the bases of the vertical fins. Head moderate; eyes lateral ; mouth terminal, little oblique, with small, sharp teeth in one series, in the jaws only. Gill-openings very wide, continuous. Gill- rakers long. Pseudobranchi^ present. Branchiostegals 7. JUxii/ en- tirely scaly. Lateral line continuous, unarmed. Bases of tins without spinules. Dorsal and anal tins long and low, composed of soft rays only. Pec- toral fins moderate. Ventral fins small, thoracic, I, 5. Pylorir ca^ca about 6, large. Bones all very flexible, cartilaginous. The scaly body fully distinguishes this species from Icostens, with which singular genus its affinities are intimate, although the known species do not resemble each other closely. (Etymology: Cczoj, to yield or submit; r/^oc, lish—in allusion to the flexible skeleton.) Icichthys lockingtoni sp. uuv. Body oblong, moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, the caudal l)eduncle rather slender. Read moderate, compressed, with vertical cheeks, rather broad and slightly convex above, the snout abruptly descending, hence bluntish in profile. Profile nearly straight from upper part of snout to the nape. Mouth moderate, little oblique, the slender maxillary scarcely widened at the tip, extending to rather below the frout of tlie pupil, the anterior edge of the premaxillary on the level of the lower rim of the eye. Lips thin. Upper lip not protractile. Premaxillary tapering backward, not forming the whole margin of the upper jaw. Maxillary behind .slipping eutii'ely under the membranous edge of the preorbital. Preorbital rather Proc. ^n,t. Mus. 80 20 Sept. 38, 1880, 306 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wide, with one or two series of rather large, thiu cycloid scales. These scales perhaps covered the cheeks also in life. At present no other scales are present on the head in the typical example. Lower jaw promi- nent, projectiug in front, bnt included at the sides. Teeth in jaws only, minute, sharp, closely and evenly set, much as in Icosteus cenigmaticus, but rather larger and less numerous. Eyes large, lateral, longer than snout, their diameter contained about 4 times in the length of tlie head. Cheeks rather mde. Preojjercle with a prominent crest, behind which are some radiating mucous cavi- ties ; the bone with a broad, prolonged, flexible membranaceous edge, covered with radiating striie, each of which ends in a slightly exserted flexible point. Oi^ercle and subopercle rather large, extremely thin, and each crossed by numerous conspicuous radiating stritC. Gill-openings wide, not sei^arated by an isthmus, the membranes not connected. Pseudobranchia? present. Branchiostegals 7. Gill-rakers long, slender, sharp, their length nearly three-fourths the diameter of the eye. They are rather close-set and moderately stiff. Gills 4, a slight slit behind the i^osterior gill. ]Sro bony stay connecting suborbital and preopercle. Scales very small, apparently cycloid, soft and smooth to the touch, covering the body evenly, but becoming smaller below. Lateral line nearly straight, apparently continuous, but not conspicuous on the mid- dle part of the body. It does not run up on the caudal fin. There are on it no traces of the spinules, so conspicuous in Icosteus miiymaticus. Scales (too small to be accurately counted) in about 120 transverse series. Dorsal tin long and low, beginning opposite a point nearly midway between the vent and the base of the ventrals 5 the luimber of rays 39 to 40. All the rays are soft and articulated, and apparently all except the first are branched. The first rays are very low, the fin gradually rising posteriorly, the highest about one-third the length of the head. The base of the fin is somewhat scaly. Anal fin entirely similar, but shorter, beginning slightly in front of the middle of the body (without caudal), and ending just in front of the last rays of the dorsal; its rays about 28. Caudal broad, fan-shaped, on a slender peduncle; the accessory rays numerous and recurrent. The fin is broken, so that its outline cannot be ascertained. Pectorals as in Icosteus, with the carpal bones slightly exserted, as if X^edunculate, the base a little below the axis of the l>ody, the outline rounded. The fin is short and small, its length less ihau that of the head. Yentrals short and small, thoracic, ]>la(;ed a little behind pectorals, with one obsolete spine and five soft rays, one of which is slightly fila- mentous. The fin is about one-third the length of the head. Fin rays not beset with s])iuules, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 307 Voul uormal, immediately iu front of the anal, without iiapilla. Air-bladder apparently wanting. Pyloric ccjeca about G, rather long. Bones all soft and flexible, as in Icostens amigmaticns. The skin, how- ever, not thick and tough, as in the latter species, but thin and scaled. Coloration in spirits plain brown, lighter below; the skin somewhat punctulate. Measurements of typical example. Total leugtli 7.5 iuclie.s Length to base of caudal 6. 8 inches = 100 Greatest dejith 25 Least (lei)th 9 Length of head 20 Diameter of eye 5|^ luterorbital width 5^^ Distance from snout to dorsal :i7 lieugtli of base of dorsal 51 Height of do rsal 7 Distance from snout to anal .50 I?ase of anal 32 Length of pectoral 11 Length of veutral 8 Number of tin rays : Dorsal..!. 39 Anal 28 Scales in lateral line (ca) 120 The single example of this species at present known was obtained in the market of San Francisco by Mr. W. G. W. Harford, with two of the original types of Icosfeus (vnigmaticm. It has been presented by the California Academy of Sciences, for whom it was originally obtained, to the United States lisTational Museum. Its si^ecific distinctness from leos- tcHs (vnigmaticus was first noticed by Mr. Lockington, and we have seen fit to name the species for him, in recognition of his imiiortaut work in Californian ichthyology. The two species are called "deep-Avater fish'' by the dealers. As before noticed, the relations of this genus are evidently with the associated genus Icosteus, but the two genera bear little resemblance to any form known to us. They will })robably constitute a distinct family or subfamily, in the Trachinoid group. This family {Icosteidcv) may bo defined as follows: Body oblong, compressed. Head moderate, unarmed ; the suborbital without bony stay. Mouth terminal, little oblicpie ; the premaxillary not })rotractile; the maxillary slender. Teeth nunute, sharp, erect, in one series on the jaws only. No barbels. Gills -1, a slit behind the fourth. Gill-openings wide; the membranes free from the isthmus. Gill-rakers slender. Branchiostegals 7. Dorsal and anal fins long, without spines. Caudal fin, with many recurrent accessory rays, on a slender peduncle. Pectoral fins rounded, with the carpal bones slightly exserted. Ventral fins thoracic, I, 5, or I, 4. Vent normal, without anal papilla. Pseudobranchiie present. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Skeleton imperfectly ossified, the bones flexible, so that the whole body is limp and destitute of firmness. The two genera may be thus compared : * Head and body uaked, covered with ratlier tliick torgli skin; lateral Hue and liii rays beset with, spiniiles. Dorsal and anal rather high, the body at their bases closely compressed. Dorsal rays, 50 to 55; anal rays, 35 to 40; ventrals rather long, I, 4 - - ICOSTEUS. ** Head partly and the body wholly covered with small scales. Lateral line and fins rays smooth. Dorsal and anal fins low, their bases little compressed. Dorsal rays, 35 to 40 ; anal rays, 25 to 30 ; ventrals short, I, 5 Iciciithys. San Francisco, Oal., March 12, 1880. " CATAL.O«UE OF TROCUIIilViE irv TUE COI.lseiiueucc of recent emendations'. 2 List of Described Si)ecies of Humming Birds. By Daniel Giraud Elliot. Reprinted from a Synopsis of the Trochilidse in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1-^''*. ''^luithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 334.) •' Including the 1iyp. Phaeoptila sordida Gould. S. Mexico (Oaxaca). *1(3. Phaetliornis yaruqiii (Bourc.) Groald. Ecuador. 18. Phaethornis emilias (Bomc.) Bouap. Costa Kica : Colombia. •'19. Phaethornis augusti (Boiiic.) Bonap. Venezuela. * iJO. Phaethornis pretrii Less. Brazil. "^21. Phaethornis superciliosiis (%inn.) Swains. Baliin. 22. Phaethoruis longirostris (Less.) Cabtiii. & Heiu. 3rexico; Cxuateinala; Colombia (Turbo) ;i Pauama; E. Peru (Pebas);^ Chiriqui. *2:i. Phaethornis hispidus (Gould) Gray. E. Ecuador (Eio ^N^apo). *24. Phaethornis .syrmatophorus Gould. Quito. *2'). PhaethornLs anthophiliis (Bourc.) Gray & Mitch. "Bogota". *26. Phaethornis eurynome (Less.) Gray. Brazil. *i27. PhcBthornis sqiialidus (Temui.) Bonap. Southern Brazil ; Eio IS'egro. *28. Phaethorni.s longuemareus (Less.) Gray. Trinidad; "Brazil". 29. Phaethornis adolphi Gould. Guatemala ; Costa Eica ; Panama ; Xew Grenada (Turbo). *30. Phaethornis griseigularis Gould. Colombia. * 31. Phaethornis striigitlaris Gould. Colombia. ?,C). Eupetomena macroura (Gmel.) Bonaj). Brazil (Babia), * 37. Eupetomena hirundo Gould. Bolivia. 38. Sphenoproctus pampa (Less;."^ r^onld. Guatemala. *39. Sphenoproctus curvipennis (Liclit.) Gould. E. Mexico (Mirador). 1 Types of P. cassini Lawr. 3A specimen (No. 55374) from Pebas, labeled in Mr. Lawrence's handwriting "P. moorel Lawr.," is not distinguisliable from northern specimens of P. longirostris. It does not, however, agree with Mr. Lawrence's description of P. moorei, so that Mr. Elliot may be right in referring the latter to P. superciliosus. 310 PROCEEDINGS OP TTNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. * 40. Campylopterus largipenuis (BoiUl.) Cab. & Hein. Cayenne. * 42. Campylopterus rufus Less. Giuiicniala (Diienas; Guatemala City). * 4L Campylopterus obscurus Gould. 1^'. Peru (Pebas). 44. Campylopterus lazulus (Boiinatt.) Jjonaji. Colombia; W. Peru. 45. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Liobt.) Cab. & Hein. E. Mexico (Jala] )a); Honduras; Veragua; (xuatemala; Costa Rica. * 46. Campylopterus ensipennis (Swains.) Lef^. Tobago. * 47. Campylopterus villavicencio (Jionrc.) Gould. H\o l!^apo. * .')0. Campylopterus roberti (Salvin) Gould. Guatemala (Choctum, Vera Paz). *52. Aphantochroa cirrochloris (Vieill.) Gould. Brazil. 54. Casligena clemenciae Less. E. Mexico (Mirador). * 55. Caeligena henrioi (Less.) Cab. &, Hein. Guatemala. 56. Caeligena viridipalleus Bourc. & Muls. Guatemala (Cobau, Vera Paz; Guatemala City) ; "Mexico". * .57. Caeligena hemileuca (Salvia) Elliot. Costa Rica. 58. Lamprolaema rhami (Less.) Reich. E. Mexico (Orizaba and Mirador); Guatemala (dnatemala City). 59. Oreopyra caloleema Salvin. Costa Rica. * 60. Oreopyra leucaspis Gonld. Cliiriqui. 62. Oreotrochilus pichincha (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp. Pichincha. * 63. Oreotrochilus chimborazo (Delattr.) Gould. CLimborazo. ' 64. Oreotrochilus estellae (D'Orb. & Lafr.) Gould. Bolivia (La Paz). " 65. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Gould. Chili (Valle del Yero). 68. Lamponiis violicauda (Bodd.) Elliot. " Florida" ;i Brazil (Bahia); Guiana; Venezuela; Panama.; Colombia (Bogota and Cartagena) ; E. Peru (Pebas) ; Triuidad; Demerara. ' Types of Audubon's works PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311 09. Laniporuis mango (Linn.) Gosse. Jamaica-. 70. Lampornis prevosti (Less.) Gould. iMexieo (Teliuaiitei)e(i). 71. Lainpoinis viridis (And. &. Yioill.) Gould. Porto Ivico. " 73. Lampornis gramineus (GmcJ.) Gould. Guiana. 7."). Lampornis dominicus (I jinn.) Elliot. St. Thomas; Haiti; Porto Eico. 76. Eulampis holosericeus (Linn.) Gould. St. Thomas; Martinique; Dominica; Antigua; Guadeloupe; St. Vincent; Grenada; P>arbuda; Tobago; St. Bartholomew, and Barba- does. 77. Eulampis jugularis (Linn.) Gonld. Martinique; Dominica; Guadeloupe, and St. Yiiirent. 78. Lafresuaya flavicaudata (Frast^r) Bouap. Colombia (Bogota and Popayan). * 79. Lafresuaya gayi (Bourc. & Mnls. ) Bp. Ecuador (Quito). so. Chalybura buffoni (Less.) Reicli. Venezuela (Laguayra) ; Colombia ; Panama. * 82. Chalybura isaurae (Gould) Salv. Veragua ; Costa liica. 8:i. Chalybura melanorrhoa Salvin. Costa Rica. *84. Chalybura caeruleiventris (Reicli.) Cab. & Hein. Colombi a (Bogota ) . 85. Florisuga mellivora (Linn.) Bonap. Guatemala; Bogota; E. Peru; Tobago; Guiana (Demeiara); Ecua- dor (Quito); Tres Maria.s, W. Mexico! [?] 86. Florisuga fusca (Vieill.) Reicli. JJrazil (Bahia). 87. Petasophora anais (Less.) Gould. . Colombia; Ecuador (Quito and Puna I.) ; Bolivi;! (T.a Paz). 88. Petasophora thalassina (Swains.) Gould. ]\[exico (Jaiapa and Tres JMarias); Guatemala (V. de Fuego, .»,(>;)() ft., and Guatamala City). 89. Petasophora cyanotis (Bourc.) Gould. Costa Rica; Veragua; Colombia. ^92. Petasophora seiTirostris (Yioill.) Bonap. Brazil. 93. Petasophora delphinae (Less.) Bonap. Trinidad; Colombia; Guatemahi (Coban, Vera Paz), * 94. Panoplites jardini (Boure.) Gould. Ecuador (Quito). 312 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 0.'). Panoplites flavescens (LfirUl.) Gould. Colombia (Bogota). *96. Panoplites matthewsi (Bourc.) Gould. E. Ecuador (Rio Xapo); E. Pern (Pcbas). i»7. Phceolaeina rubinoides (Bourc.) Reich. Colombia. 9y. Clytolaema riibinea (Gmel.) Gould. Brazil. '" 100. Clytolaema aurescens GoTild. E. Peru (Pebas). * 103. lolaema frontalis (Luwr.) Gould. E. Peru (Pebas). *'10(). Eugenes fulgens (Swaiiis.) Gould. Arizona 5 E. Mexico ; Guatemala. 107. Eugenes spectabilis (Lawr.) Muls. ^ Costa Pica. * 109. Eugenia imperatrix (rould. Ecuador (Quito). 111. Heliodoxa jacula (lould. Costa Rica ; Vc^ragua ; Colombia. *112. Heliodoxa jamesoni (Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador (Quito) ; Bogota. 113. Heliodoxa leadbeateri (Bourc.) (Tould. Colombia; "Rio"\ * 114. Pterophaues temmincki (Boiss.) Gould. Bogota ; Quito. " 115. Patagona gigas (Vicill.) Gray. Quito; Chili; Peru (near TJrubauiba). 116. Docimastes ensiferus (Boiss.) Gould. Ecuador (Quito) ; Bogota. 120, Helianthea typica (Less.) Gould. Colombia. 121. Helianthea bonapartii (Boiss.) Gould. Colombia. *123. Helianthea lutitiae (Dclattr. & Bourc.) (Jould. Colombia (Popayan) -, Quito. * 130. Bourcieria fulgidigula Gould. Ecuador (Quito). 131. Bourcieria torquata (Boiss.) Gould. Colombia (Bogota). * 133. Bourcieria wilsoni (Dclattr. & Bourc.) Bp. Ecuador (Quito). * 130. Bourcieria prunelli (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp. Colombia (Bogota). ' Females particularly desired. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATTONAT. MUSEUM. 318 1.17. Bourcieria casligena (TjOss.) Elliot. r.()A-ota(.'). * V.\^. Bourcieria coliiinbiana Elliot. Colombia, (Bogota). ' 140. Hemistephaiiia johannae (Bouvc.) Reich. (Jolombia (Bogota). '^ 141. Hemistephania ludoviciae (I3oiirc. A, Miiis.) Reich. Colombia (Bogota). * 142. Hemistephania rectirostris (Gould) Elliot. Ec'Tiador. *144. Hemistephania veraguensis (Salv.) Elliot. Costa Eica. 14'). Floricola longircstris (Vicill.) Elliot. Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala (Duefias) ; Costa Ricaj Panama; Trini- dad. 147. Floricola constanti (Delattr.) Elliot. Costa Eica; Guatemala; San Salvador; Chiapas; Mazatlau. ^ 148. Floricola leocadias (Bourc.) Elliot. Mexico (Tehuantepec, Acapulco, and Mazatlau). * 14!). Lepidolarynx mesoleuciis (Temm.) Reich. Brazil. 150. Heliomaster furcifer (Shaw) Elliot. Brazil; Buenos Ayres (Conchitas). 152. Heliotrypha exortis (Eras.) Elliot. Colombia (Bogota). 155. Heliangelus clarissae (De Louo-.) Bp. Colombia (Bogota). * 150. Heliangelus strophianus (Gould) Bp. Ecuador (Quito). * Kjl. Urosticte benjamini (Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador (Quito aud Nanegal). 1G2. liustephanus galeritus (Mol.) Reich. Chili (Santiago). * lfi5. Topaza pella (Linn. ) Gray. Cayenne ; Bemerara. If)?. Aithunis polytmus (Linn.) Cab. & Hein. Jamaica. 169. Thalurania glaucopis (Gmel.) Gould. Brazil (Eio and Bahia) ; "Tres Marias Islands*" [???]. 170. Thalurania columbica (Bourc. & Muls.) Gould. Costa Eica; Veragua; Panama; Colombia. "* 171. Thalurania furcata (Gmel.) Goiild. Guiana (J3emerara) ; Trinidad. * 173. Thalurania nigrofasciata (Gould) Bp. Ecuador (Quito) ; E. Peru (head Huallaga E.) ; Upper Amazons? ' Type of T. Jucice Lawr. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. " 177. Thalurania eriphile (T^css. ) Hp. Brazil (Eio Grande do Sul); Ecuador .(.^>uito), * 179. Thalurania bicolor (Gmel. ) Elliot. Dominica. IHU. Mellisuga minima (Liun.) Bp. Jamaica; St. Domingo; Haiti (Pt. au Piince). " 182. Miciochera parvirostris Liiwr. Costa Eica (Angostura). 183. Trocliilus colubris Liuii. Eastern North America (numerous localities); Mexico; Clnatemala; Costa Eica; Veragua. 184. Trochiliis alexandri Bourc. & Mills. California; Nevada; Utah; NewjMexi(M); Arizona. * 185. Calypte costee (Bourc.) Gould. Guatemala; W.Mexico (Mazatlan); S. California (Ft. Tejon) ; Cape St. Lucas ; Arizona. 186. Calypte annae (Less.) Gould. California; Arizona. * 187. Calypte helenae (Lemt).) Gould. Cuba. 189. Selasphorus platycercus (Swaius.) Bp. Guatemala; Mexico (Mirador) ; Arizona; New Mexico ; (""olorado; Utah; E.Nevada; Wyoming (Ft. Bridger). * 190. Selasphorus ardens Salviu. Costa Eica. 192. Selasphorus alleui Hensliaw.^ California (coast-region, Santa Cruz to Ni\>. Brazil. 299. Adelomyia melanogenys (Fias.) Gould. Bogota; Quito. 301. Abeillia typica iiouup. Guatemala. 302. Klais guimeti (Bourc. & Muls.) Reicb. Costa Eica; Veragua; Colombia. 303. Aglaeactis cupripenuis (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp. Colombia; Ecuador (Quito). *304. Agleeactis caumatonota (Gould) Bp. Peru (Matara, prov. Ayacucho).' *3()7. Eriocnemis derbiana (Delattr. & Bourt.) B]). Ecuador (Quito). 300. Eriocnemis aureliee (Bourc. &- Muls.) Reich. Colombia (Bogota). * 311. Eriocnemis lugens Gould. Ecuador (Quito). * 312. Eriocnemis alinas (Bourc.) Reich. Colouibia. , * 31.'). Eriocnemis luciani (Bourc.) Reich. Ecuador (Quito). 31(5. Eriocnemis cupreiventris (Eras.) Reich. Colombia (Bogota). 320. Eriocnemis vestita (Lougneiu.) Reich. Colombia (Bogota). * 324. Panteipe insignis Cab. &, Hein. Co«ta Eica. * 325. Ui^anomitra quadricolor (Vieill.) Reich, Orizaba : Mazatlan. * 32(>. Uranomitra violiceps (Gould) Cab. ]i. Ecuador (Buna I., (ruayaquil). 369. Amazilia cinnaniomea (Less.) P.Uiot. Yucatan; Xicaragua ; Teliuantepec; Mazatlau; San Salvador. * 370. Amazilia graysoni Lawr. W. Mexico (Tres Marias Islands). " 371. Amazilia yucatanenses (Cabot) Gould. Mexico (Jalapa); S. Texas (Ft. Brown). 372. Aniaailia fuscicaudata (Fras.) Ridgw. S. Mexico (Cordova and Teliuantepec); S. Texas (Ft. Brown) ; (juate- mala; Nicaragua; Costa Eica; Colombia; Ecuador (Guayaquil). PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 319 * 373. Aniazilia viiidiventris (Keii]i.) Elliot. rolonibia (Bogota). • ;375. Amazilia beryllina (Liclit.) (ionld. Mexico (Jalapa) ; (riuitemala. * 37(i. Amazilia edwardi (Del. & Uoiin.) Hp. Pauaiua. * 377. AmazUia niveiventris (Gould) Elliot. Costa Eica. * 378. Amazilia maiiae (Bourc.) Elliot. Guatemela. *37t) Amazilia cyanura (JouUl. Guatemala (Pacitic side) ; Kealejo. 382. Amazilia erythronota (Less.) Elliot. Tol):igo; Tiiuidatl. 384. Amazilia Sophias (Uoiuc & Mula.) Bp. Costa Rica ; Mcaragiia. 387. Amazilia cyanifrons (Bourc. ) Elliot. Colombia (Bogota). *'389. Basilinna leucotis (ViL-ill.) Boic Mexico (Jalapa, Mirador, and Mazatlau) ; Guatemala (Chilasco, Vera Paz). * 390. Basilimia xantusi (Lawr.) Elliot. Cape kSt. Lucas. 391. Eucephala giayi (Del. & Bourc.) R'ch. Ecuador ((^uito). 397. Eucephala casmlea (Vieill.) Gould. * Triuidar. 021 orbital space strongly comcx transversely. Cheeks Avith three rows of scales. (J ill-rakers rather smjill,but longer and stronger than mB./urcatnm, the longest about one-third the diameter of the orbit. Scales moderate, averaging rather smaller than in J), furcation, abouL 5-70-1;;. Spinous dorsal comparatively low, the tirst spine short, tiie otlK-rs rapidly increasing to the fifth, after which the others are nearly of ecpial length, but gradually increasing to the last. The first soft ray is a little higher than the highest spine. The other soft rays are gradually short- ened. The caudal fin is deeply forked, the lobes being about eiiual. In 7). furcatum the uj^per lobe is evidentty the longer. Anal hn low, its s])ines moderately developed. Pectorals not reaching to the tips of the 'ven- trals, which scarcely fall short of the liist anal si)inc. Fin rays : D. X, 23 ; A. Ill, LM). Coloration light dusky oli\e above, silvery below, with jjearly reflec- tions. Scales above the axis of the body each with a golden-red spot at base, the outer margin of the scales tinged with light blue. Tiu^se spots fade in alcohol, but are conspicuous in life, forming reddish streaks along the rows of scales. Membrane of dorsal, anal, aiul ventral tins liglit olive-green. Traces of a dark shade on upper part of first rays of soft dorsal. No black at base of dorsal. A distinct black blotch on upper third of first eight- rays of the anal. Ventrals broadly tipped with reddish hlacJc, as in Ihjper- proropoii argenteua. Pectorals and caudal entirely plain, the black edg- ing to the latter fin, characteristic of D. furcatum, being entirely want- ing. Premaxillaries and end of snout distinctly dusky. Iris silvery, reddish above. In Ditrema furcatum the color is nearly plain, i)ale, olivaceous, and silvery, the scales with bright reliections, but without distinct red nmrk- in^s. The sides are more silvery than in J>. atripcs, and there are more black punctulations. The naked ])ortion of the base of the soft dorsal is black. There is no dark shade on the ventrals, and the caudal is dis- tinctly margined with black behiiul. The dark anal sjjot is similar in the two species, but it is souietimes wanting in 1). furcatum. The species Ditrema argyrosoma (Phanerodon argyrosomus Gill, 3m- blotoca argyrosoma Girard), if distinct from Ditrenia fnrcatiim, is un- known to us. It differs, according to Girard, in having the anal III, 21, but the types had been mutilated ami this count may, i)erhaps, be erro- neous. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 21 Oct..'3T, |S80. 322 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements of D'trcmu furcatum and Diirema airipes in lOOths of length to hase of cau- dal fin. Ditrema furcatum. Extreme Icugtli Lencth to base of caudal Bodv : ileiglit Least height of tail Length of caudal peduuclo from end of anal fin Head: Length "Width of interorbital area Length of snout Length of gill-rakers Length of maxillary Lengtli of mandible Diaiueter of orbit Dorsal : Lengtli of base Length of tifth spine Length of highest spine Length of highest ray Anal: Length of base Longest ray Caudal : Middle rays Upper lobe , Lower lobo Pectorals, kngth Ventrals, length Dorsal ,. Anal: \ Tubes in lateral line Kows of scales above lateral line Rows of scales below lateral line Inches. 10.3 8.18 .39 .12 .l(i7 .263 .07 .01 .075 .075 .075 .512 .085 .09 .12 .30 .06 .09 .256 .24 .25 .155 S,25 nT,33 70 5 13 Ditrema atripes. Inches. 9.15 7.35 .38 .113 .23 .285 .082 .078 .018 .075 .092 .072 .48 .085 .010 .113 .275 .058 .095 .23 .24 .26 .176 X,24 in, 29 71 5 13 The present species was described from two specimens, similar in size, obtained in the San Francisco market, and probably caught in Monterey Bay. Later, about 200 others were obtained at Monterey and Santa Cruz, but the species has not yet been noticed elsewhere on the coast. Wc refer this species for the present to the genus Ditrema, of which Phanerodon Girard is considered by us a synonym. We have not seen the Japanese type of the genus, Ditrema temmincJci, but in external characters at least it agrees with Phanerodon. San Francisco, Oal., March 14, 1880. IDESCRSPTIOIV OF A IVJEW SCORPiEI\OII> FISH (SEBASTICHTHYS ilIALiIOER). FROITI THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA. By ©AVID S. JORDAN and CHARI>ES H. GII.BERT. Allied to Sebastichthys nebulosns and more remotely to Sebastichthys^ vexillaris. Body oblong, moderately robust, the profile with a regular but not very steep slope. Mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, the jaws, equal when closed, the upper jaw somewhat emarginate. Maxillary reaching to near the posterior border of the eye ; premaxillary in front below the level of the eye. Preorbital moderate, its nect about one- third the width of the large eye, with an angular lobe. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 323 Spinous ridges on the toi> of the head rather prominent, much us in nebulosus, but k)wer, a little less depressed than in vexiUaris. The fol- lowing- pairs are present : Xasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, and occipital, live in all. The nasal spines ijre very strong. The preocular and supraocular are broad and sharp. The tympanic spines are smaller than in related S])ecies. The occipital ridges are short and compara- tively weak, the point rather depressed. Preopercular spines very short, but all distinct, the upper one broad, the second longest and most acute; Opercular spines large, the upj^er very long and strong. Blnntish spines on subopercle and interopercle. Two suprascapular spines. Interorbital space rather deeply and some- what evenlj" concave, with a rather deep pit anteriorly. (j ill-rakers about 10-1-20, stout, moderately long, rather longer than in nebulosus, somcwliat clavate, the longest abont equal to the diameter of t he pupil. Scales moderate, rough, in about 55 transverse rows. Accessory scales developed. Dorsal spines very high and strong, the fourth spine highest, usually more than half the length of the head, the last spines low, so that the fin is deeply emarginated. The membrane of the spinous dorsal is very deejAy incised., more than half the anterior edge of each of the middle spines being above the membrane ; even four-fifths of the length of the highest spine is some- times free anteriorly. This is subject to some variations, but in all cases the bare i)ortion of the spines is much higher than in other species. Soft dorsal high, but lower than spinous dorsal. Caudal truncate. Anal fin rather low, the spines short. Second anal sx>ine a little higher than the third, not two-thirds the height of the soft rays. D. XIII, 12; xV. Ill, 7. Pectoral fins extremely broad and rounded, as in S. rastrelUyer^ the tips reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals, but not to the vent. The base of the fin is greater than the diameter of the eye and about twice^^ the length of the occipital ridge. In hoth. sexes the lower rays are thickened and fleshy. Prevailing color a warm brownish yellow, sometimes quite yellow on the sides and below, the back sometimes considerably olive, sometimes reddish tinged. Sid^s of head, front of back, and thoracic region usually most distinctly yellow. The coloration mottled and clouded, but with- out distinct markings except the small spots with which the anterior region is closely covered. They are smallest and most distinct on the thoracic and scapular region. Here they are of a clear orange-brown color. On the top of the head they become more orange, and on the anterior part of the back they become larger and of a bright clear orange. Posteriorly they blend with the ground color. Top of head with dusky cross-shades. Sclerotic coat of eye spotted above with orange. Fms all with the membranes slaty black; the pectorals and dorsal 324 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. paler at base and spotted with reddish. Membrane of the third dorsal spine scarcely paler than that of the second. There are no other traces of the light areas found in nehulosus and faHciolaris. There are usually traces of brownish shades radjating from the eye and alternating- with yellowish areas. This species is not rare in the San Francisco markets. The speci- mens from which the above description was taken, four in number, were obtained in the neighborhood of the Faralloues. It is frequently taken in deep water in Monterey Bay and in the Straits of Fuca; it is very abundant, reaching a large size. It is one of the larger species, agree- ing* in size and api^earance with 8. vexillaris. Its relations are, however, more nearly with 8. nehulosus, and it forms a transition from the brown to the red series. Table of measurements. Leugtli to base of caudal =100 Body : Greatest height 37. r> Least height of tail 11.8 Head Greatest length 38. 5 Length of occipital ridges 6. 3 Length of supraocular ridges 4.3 Length of preocular ridges 2.2 Interorbital width 7.9 Length of snout 9.2 Length of gill-rakers 3. 5 Length of maxillary 19. .5 Diameter of orbit 10. Dorsal : Longest spine 23 Longest ray 17. Least height of membrane between third and fourth spines 4.5 Anal : Second 8]3ine 12. 3 Third spine 12 Longest ray 18 Caudal, length 17 Pectoral : Length 25 Widthofbase U Ventral, length 22 Dorsal XIII, 12 Anal - III, (3 Lateral line (rows of scales) 47 Extreme length, in inches 15. 45 Length to base of caudal, in inches , , , 13. 1 San Francisco, Oal., 3fm^ch 15, 1880. PEOCEEDINGS Of^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 325 rVOTE ox A XE-ir Ff.AT-FISH (L-EPIDOPSETTA BSOILEPIS) FOD^TD IIV THE :tiarkets of san fra-vcssc'o. By ^V. N. LOCKlNOTONo 111' the review of the Pleuronectidaj of San Eraiieisco (rroc. U. S. Xat. Mu8. 1870, 69-108), a species belonging" to the genus Lepidopsetta (Gill) is described as identical with the Flatichthys umhrosus of Girard (Pac. Kail. Kep., x, 149, 1857). At the epoch when this description was writ- ten, as well as on i>revious occasions when a comparison was instituted between this species and the description of Girard above referred to, several discrepancies were noted, yet it was not supposed possible that that author had redescribed one of Dr. Ayres's species when the de- scription of the latter was accessible to him. Such, however, as iirst pointed out by Dr. Gill, turns out to be the case, and PlaUchthys umhrosus (Grd.) must sink into a synonym of Leindopsetta hiUneata (Ayres), while the forni described by me as L. umhrosa needs renaming. The synonymy of the two species will be as follows : Lepidopsetta bilineata. Flatcssa bilineata Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Na.t. Sci., i, 40. FlaticUhys umhrosus Grd., Pac. Eail. Eep., x, l8r)5-'57. 149. ^ Lepidopsetta hilineata Gill, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Lepidopsetta umbrosa Gill, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Lepidopsetta bilineata Lockii., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1879, 10:i. Lepidopsetta isolepis sj). uov. Lepidopsetta uml)rosa Lockii., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, lOG. This species is not closely related to L. hilineata. Its ctenoid scales, almost uniform over the head and body, its nearly straight lateral line, its smaller eyes, with a broader, flattish interorbital space, as well as the differences in the form and the number of fin rays, completely distinguish L. isolepis from L. bilineata. Typical examples are in the United States jSTational Museum. IVOTK ©?; A FOKGOTTEN paper of »K. AYBES A3r» ITS BEARINC* 0:V TME jVOMEiVCIiATUBE f^ THE CYPRIZVOID FISHES OF THE .•^A.X FRA^rCISCO MABECETS. By BAVIB S. JORDAIV. During the infancy of the California Academy of Sciences the reports of its proceedings were published in the Daily Placer Times and Tran- script, a newspaper then issued in San Francisco. In the files of this paper for 1854 0(5cur descriptions of new species of fishes from the San Francisco markets, by Dr. W. P. Gibbous and Dr. W. O. Ayres. The descriptions of Dr. Gibbons were soon after repub- 326 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lislied iu tlie Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia (1854), and identifications of them have been carefully made by Alexander A<>assiz (Proc. Boston Soc. Kat. Hist., 18<31, 122). By this means the names given by Dr. Gibbons have taken their i^roper jjlaces in synonymy. The descriptions published by Dr. Ayres have, on the contrary, not been noticed, so far as I know, by any subse^pient author, not even by Dr. Ayres himself, who soon after redescribed the same species as new, apparently not considering the first publication as a sufficient one, as one species at least received a new name on the second description. The following are the species in question : 1. Leuciscns fjibhosus Ayros. Stouter aud thicker than any previously described species of the genus. Mouth small. About GO scales in the lateral line. Brown above ; silvery below. Weight about a pound. (Daily Placer Tunes and Transcript, issue of May 30, 1854. ) This description is not very explicit, but we are to remember that the species was described from the fish market of San Francisco, and that the five species th-en common in the markets were the subjects of the five descriptions. The following species of Cyprinoid fishes are taken in the Lovrer Sacramento Eiver, and are now, as then, abundant in the market of San Francisco : Ptycliochilns orcgonensis, Ptychochilus vorax, ^iboma crassicauda, Pogonichthys imvquilohus, Orthodon microlepidotus, and CatostoDfuH occidentalis. The description of Leuciscuft gihhosus above quoted, as Avell as a more elaborate one afterwards published of " Lavinia gibhosa^^^ applies to Sihoma crassicauda only among the fishes which come to the San Fran- cisco market. The name gibhosus was published in May, 1854 ; the name enissicauda in August, 18 '54. We have therefore no alternative but to drop the latter very characteristic name, and call the species Siboma fjibbosa, or, perhaps better, Telestes gibbosa, for the robust caudal pedun- cle hardly furnishes a sufficient reason for a genus Siboma. In Ayres's time, as now, this species was knowni in tlie market as the " Chub." 2. Lcuciscus microleiyidotus Ayres (1. c, May 30). This species, afterwards more fully described as Gila microlepidola, is the well-known OrihocJon microlepidotHH. :;. Leuciscus macroleindotus Ayres (1. c, May 30). Form much like that of Leuciscus pulchellHS, though a- little more slender. Aual fm longer. Caudal much arcuated. Scales 60. Size of the preceding. This is evidently the species describecf in August of the same year by Baird and Girard as Pogonichfhys imcquUobus^ under which name it was afterwards mentioned by Dr. Ayres. It must therefore take the less appropriate name of Pogonichthys ma- crolepidotits. This is now the '' Split-tail'" of the markets. 4. Leuciscus (jracilus (^sic) Ayres (1. c, May .30). Body slender ; head much elongate. Color silvery, becoming darker on the back. Scales about 80 ; much larger than any other Icnown Leuciscus, weighing, it is said, 30 poinids or more, but generally varying, as we find it iu the markets, fi'ora .5 to 20 pounds. This is the species here known as Salmon Ti-out, &c. " ** * PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327 This species was described soon after byDr. Ayres in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 1854, p. 19, as Gila grandis. It is apparently identical with the ])rior Ptj/chochiluH oreffonensis of Ilichard- son. This species is now no longer called " Salmon Trout," its market name being " Pike." The small-scaled Pti/cJwchilus (fvorax of Girard) was not then noticed by Dr. Ayres. 5. Catostomus occidentalis Ayres (1. c). Soon after reconsidered bj' Dr. Ayres, in the Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy, under tlie same name, and also still later by Professor Agassiz (Am. Journal Sci. Arts, 1855), still as Catostomus occidentalis. San Francisco, Cal., 2Iarch 20, 1880. NOTE ON "SEMA" AND "DACENTRUS." By DAVID S. JOMOA]^. In the Bulletin of Hayden's United States Geological and Geograph- ical Survey, vol. iv, Xo. 2, 1878, I iiublished " Notes on a collection of fishes from the Eio Grande at Brownsv^ille, Tex.'* In this paper are characterized two new species, " Sema signifer^^ (p. 399), and '' Dacentrus lucem''' (p. GOT). These species must be suppressed. The former is a foetal Embiotocoid, apparently Vymatogaatcr aggrcgatus, the other is the young of Hystero- carpus trasl'ii. The latter discovery was made before the paper was printed, but by inadvertence it was sent to the jiress during my absence in the field. Of course neither of these species really came from the Rio Grande at Brownsville, Tex., and their presence in a jar otherwise containing only Texas fresh-water fishes is the only excuse for the gross blunders as to their relationships. San Francisco, Cal., March 20, 1880. description of a ne^v scorp^noid fish (sebastichthits proric;er), fro.1i montekev bay, cat^ifoknia. By DAVID S. JOKDAN and CHARLES H. CILBERT. Allied to *S'. ovalis and >S^. elongatus. having the mouth, spines, and fins of the former and the color and general appearance of the latter. Body elongate, a little deeper than in S. elongatus and somewhat more compressed, tapering slowly backward into a slender caudal pe- duncle, which is rather shorter and stouter than in S. elongatus. Head rather short and small, the profile somewhat steeper than in S. elongatus. Mouth small, much as in S. ovalis. the short, narrow maxil- lary extending to below the middle of the eye, the premaxillary on the 328 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. level of the lower niargiu of the pupil. Lov/erjaw strongly projecting, with a conspicuous synipliyseal knob. Eye very large, longer than snout. Preorbital witli its neck extremely narrow, armed with a slight spine. Spinous ridges on to]) of head ver>- low and weak, about as in S. ova- Us, rather lower and narrower than in S. afrovirens and 6'. pinnifjer. The following pairs of spines are ])resent : Xasal, j)reocular, supraocu- lar, tympanic, and occi])ital, five pairs in all. as in S. elongatus. The ridges are most of them i)artly covered by scales. Preocular spine little prominent. Supraocular ridge very little developed, its length two-flftlis that of the eye (in S. clonfjatus two-thirds). Tympauic spine minute. Occipital ridge not conspicuous, the spine depressed. Preopercular spines sharp, rather shorter than in jS. elonf/aiiis, but sunilar, the second longest, the points of all directed backward rather than radiating. Opercular spines jiioderate ; bluntish points on sub- opercle and interopercle. Two bluntish suprascapular spines. luterorbital space broad, nearly as broad as the eye, somewhat regu- larly convex, the middle being elevated. In 8. elonfjatus, as in most of the red species, the interorbital space is transversely concave. Gill-rakers very loif^, slender, and numerous, about 10 + 30, the long- est longer than the supraocular ridge, and about half the dianu^ter of the eye. Scales rather small, as in S. ovalis^ in about 65 transverse series, the accessory scales rather few. Dorsal fin very low, as in S. oiHili.s, not deeply emarginate, the shortest (twelfth) spine two-thirds the height of the fifth, which is little more than one-third the length of the head. Soft dorsal low, nearly twice as high as long, the highest ray about equal to the longest spine. Caudal fin moderately forked. Anal fin very low, its length about equal to the height of its longest ray. * Second spine much longer and stronger than the third, scarcely shorter than the longest ray. Pectorals shortish and rather narrow, the base rather wider than the eye, -the tips reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals to the vent. " D. Xlir, 13 ; A. lil, 7. Coloration very similar to that of S. cJonr/atiis, red, with olivc^ mark- ings. There is, however, more blackish and less greenish. Ground color bright light red. Body mottled above with dusky olive- green, the ground color forming distinct blotches under the third dorsal spine and under the first and last rays of the soft dorsal. Lateral line running in the middle of a very distinct continuous red stripe, precisely as in S. elongates. Head above witli ]iurplish cross-shades. 0]iercle Avitli a dusky blotch ; two olive shades radiating from the eye. Lips and tij) of lower jaw blackish (red in elongatus). Eyes red. Caudal fin bright red, speckled with dark olive. Spinous dorsal bright red, the ]iosterior part of each membrane blackish ; soft dorsal olive and red ; lower fins bright light red, witli shades of olive-yellow. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329 Tliis species is luiowii to us I'loiii iibout eight ex;uiii)les obtained in tlie San Francisco market. They came from Monterey Bay, in a box coiitainino' SchaMicJithi^s ro.sacens, conttcUatus. cJoru/dlKs, and cJilorosfietus, species ail similar in size and redness of color, i^ater about sixty ex- amples were obtained, all IVom deej) water about Monterey and the Farallones. The relations of iSchastichthi/.s prorif/cr seem to be most intimate with S. oralis (Ayres), from which it differs in the more elongate form, the led color, and the absence of the postocular spine. It resembles sn})er- licdally S. cIo)igati(s most, and its ])osition is evidently between oralits and elonyatus. Its relations with aS'. pinniger are also not remote. To the green S. oiuilis, S. proiger hears the same relation that the red S. pinni- ger does to tlie greeyi IS. atrovirens. In the following table comparative measurements of /Sf. pinniger, ora- Z/,s', and elongatnn are given for purposes of comparison with proriger : Table of comparatife measurements. Total length, in inches J.engtli to base of caudal (=100). Body : Vxj-catcst depth Least depth of tail . . .• Head: (Greatest length Snout (Jrbit luterorhital space I'l-eorbital, least width Maxilbry ilamlible Liiii jre.st jiill-rakcr Oefipital lid ire Siipiaoeular litlso Dorsal : Distance fiom snout Longest spine Longest soft ray Length of base Anal : Length of base Second spine Third spine Longest soft ray Caudal: Middle rays ( )uter rays Pectoral : Length Width of base V(>ntral. length Scales, number of transverse rows. 9 7.C .32 .09 .38 .085 .08 .08 .01 .123 .05 . 0.55 .032 .327 .11 .12 .14 .11 .09 .12 .12 .17 .275 .09 .20 C3 0.45 .30 .09 .34 .087 .095 .08 .013 .14 .18 .045 .06 .04 .12 .128 .59 .13 .14 .118 .15 .13 .175 .28 .09 .19 C5 12. G. 10.7. .285 .09 .38 .087 .105 .057 .028 .17 .043 .07 .07 .353 .135 .127 .12 . 1.55 .106 .135 .128 .175 .28 .09 .19 45 8.33 7.17 .38 .129 .368 .10 .10 .07 .010 .17 .0.55 .07 .04 .10 .168 .16 .13 ,145 .195 .30 .098 . 295 4S Monterey, Cal., March 25, 1880. 330 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DKSCRIPTIOIV OF A T'iE'W AOOIVOID (ACJONtTS VIJr.SUS), FROm TBIE COAST OF CAI^IFOICXIA. By DAVID S. JORDAN ntal CHARLES II. GII.BERT. Body elongate, tapering rapidly to the long tail, everywhere broader tliaii liigli. It is highest and broadest at the shoulders, but is lower and narrower than the head. Head acutely triangular as viewed from above, the profile irregularly sigmoid ; lower surface of head and body plane from the head to the tail. Mouth U-shaped, entirely inferior, the maxillary reaching to opiiosite the front of the pupil, the i^remaxillary in front to the base of the pos- terior pair of rostral spines. The distance from the anterior margin of the premaxillaries forward to the tip of the rostral spines equals more than half the length of the snout, more than half the diameter of the eye, less than one-fifth the length of the head. Lips thickish. Upper jaw protractile. Teeth small, in a villiform band, none evident on the vomer or palatines. Maxillary mandible and branchiostegal region with some small scattered cirri ; under side of snout with few barbels or none. Eyes large, nearly as long as snout, 3| in length of head, the orbital bones forming a raised ridge around them. Interorbit al space transversely concave, nearly straight longitudinally, with a lengthwise groove and two slight ridges. Profile depressed at the front of the eyes, thence nearly straight to the tip of the rostral spines. Spines on head highly developed. On each side a stout straight ros- tral spine projecting horizontally forwards; at its base a stout spine curved backwards, upwards, and outwards; behind this a smaller one projecting ujjwards. Orbital ridge above serrated, and with two promi- nent recurved spines, one in front, the other behind ; behintl these a ridge on each side confluent with the dorsal ridges and each with four spines; between these the top of the head is roughish and somewhat concave, with traces of a median keel. At the occiput is a conspicuous pit between the above-mentioned ridges, broader than long and longer than deej). Just below these ridges, on each side, is another and more prominent ridge, also ending in four spines, the last very strong ; this is continuous with the upper lateral keel of the body; below tliis, on the opercle, is a strong keel ending behind in a spine; still lower is an irregular ridge, armed with two or three irregular series of spines and tubercles, extending from the preorbital along the subortal and ])reop- ercle, ending in a stout preopercular spine ; behind the pectorals this ridge again appears as the long lateral keel of the bod5\ Along the lower margin of the i^reopercle are three or four more blunt- ish spines. There are on the head between seventy and eighty more or less developed spinous processes. Isthmus rather wide. Body with four ridges on each side, formed by the series of scales. Each scale ending in a strong recurved spine, its roots forming strii^on PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 331 the scales. Between the two lateral keels arc traces of another keel; traces also exist between the two dorsal keels in front. The si)iues are developed on all the keels except in front and beliind on the two abdominal ones. The two dorsal keels, at abont the eighth scale in front of the oandal fin, coalesce, after which the median furrow is obliterated and the spines continue double. Just below the point ofjunction the abdominal keels also unite. The two lateral ridges remain distinct throughout. At the base of the tail, on each side, is a median spine between the lateral ridges. The abdominal ridges are farthest apart behind the base of the veu- trals, in front of which and behind which they converge, but anteriorly they do not meet. Breast with six or eight polygoual plates. Belly transversely convex, with traces of a furrow, into which the ventrals are depressible. Yent just behind the middle of the length of ventrals. Lateral line about forty. Dorsal beginning behind the seventh dorsal scale, and extending over eight scales, four scales intervening between it and the soft dorsal, which covers seven scales. The anal begins under the end of the first dorsal, and extends over eleven scales. Dorsal spines very delicate and flexible. Pectorals reaching the eleventh scale in the upper lateral series. Ventrals beginning opposite the llftli scale and extending to the tenth. Color nearly obliterated—dark browTi, with blackish cross-bars, involv- ing the fins. One bar across caudal, one across posterior i^art of soft dorsal and anal, one across posterior part of spinous dorsal and front of anal, and one across front of spinous dorsal. Pectorals black, with whitish edging. Caudal and ventrals blackish. Belly white. Bimensi07i8, in htnidredihs, of length io hane of caudal fin. Total length 4.1 inches To base of caudal 3.6 inches= 100 Height of body 12 Height of tail 4 Width of body 14 Length of head 25 Width of head.: 19 Depth of heatl 12 Diameter of oibi t 7 Length of .snf)nt 9 Length of rost ral spine 2. 3 Cleft of mouth 0. 5 W^idtli of mouth 0. 5 Width of occipital pit G SiJaco between dorsals 8 From front of mandible to tip of rostral s]>ine 6 Isthmus (j Length of spiuo^ls dorsal 12. Length of soft dorsal p 12. Lengtli of anal 18 Length of pectoral 18 Length of ventral 8 Length of caudal 13. 332 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEURt This species is loiowu to us from about teu speciuieus picked ont of piles of prawns in the San Francisco market. They are taken in the sweep-nets of the "Parauzelle" off Point Reyes. It belongs to the group or genus termed Fodotheeus by Professor Gill (typified by Agonus acipensermiis), which is distinguished from Agomtn cataphractus by the longer spinous dorsal and by the greater number of plates on the breast. Agonvs vulsiis differs from AgonuH acipenserinus in the much rougher head, ihe narrow suborbital, and in the slight devel- optnent of the barbels, as well as in many minor respects. Agonus acipenserinus is rather stouter, the head broader and smoother above, the turbinal bones more widely separated. The nasal spines are similar in the two species, as well as the position of the mouth. The preocular spine is obsolete, the interorbital space is broader and not corrugated, with two longitudinal ridges. Posterior i^art of head com- paratively smooth, Avithout pit at the occiput. Eidges and spines on posterior part of head continuous with those on the body, as in A. vulsus, but higher than those on the body, instead of smaller, as in the latter, latter. Opercular ridge small, the bones feebly striate. Suborbital region quite broad and smooth, with a strong ridge beneath, on which are three strong retrorse spines, below which is a groove. Pre- opercle with two radiating ridges, each ending in a spine. About 28 spinous projections on the head in all, the number on the suborbital re- gion much less than in vulsus. Eye much smaller than in A. vulsiis, much shorter than snout, nearly 4 in head. Ocular ring not ser- rated, developed only above the eye. Body similarly armed, but the spines rather blunter and the back and belly less concave. There are no series of spines along the bases of pectorals and caudal. The ab- dominal series join behind close to the end of the ventrals, as the dorsal series close behind the second dorsal. The dorsal tins are separated by about two scales. The ventral fins are short, the fin scarcely half the length of the snout, the vent close behind its base j no visible groove ("Podothecus") at their base. Pectorals reaching about to front of anal. Breast with about nine large plates. Isthmus present. D. IX, 7; A. 8. Lat. 1. 37, Barbels greatly developed, as long as the diameter of the eye, arranged in three tufts, one at each angle of the mouth and one under the snout. None on the branchiostegal region. The type of the present description of Agonus acApenserums is in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences, and came from Vancouver's Island. It does not agree well with the account of Fodotheeus peristethus of Gill, although Professor Gill considers the two identical.* San Francisco, Cal., March 1, 1880. * See also Steindacliu(ji' (Iclitbyol. Beitriige, ix, p. 18), where tlie same opinion is ex- pressed. In this article (" Ueber zwei neue Agonus-Arten aus California") BracJniopftif^ verrucosus Lockington is described as Agonus (Brachyojysis) BarJcani, and Brdchyopsi.s xyosternus .lor. & Gilb. as Agonus (Brachyopsis) Annce. The date of publication ol' B. verrucosus is May 24, of B. xyosternus, July 2, while A. Barkaui and J. Annce were " Vorgelcgt in der Sitzuug am 15 Juli 1880." It is certain, tlierefore, that the Amer- ican names are entitled to the right of priority.—D. S. .1. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 333 LIST OF SPE^^IES A.>'I> VARIETIES OE ITIII\ERAI.S IX THE IVATIO.\AL STATES Ii\ lfS7». By FRED. M. EADLICH. Albite. Allanite. AUophanite. Altaite. Alum. Amalgam. timber. Amblygoiiitf. Ampbibolite. Actiuclitc. Asbestus A'ar. Hombleude. Tremolite. Analcite. Anatase. Audalusite. Chiastolitc. Anglesite. Auhydinte. Anorthite. Anthropbyllite. Antimouy. Apatite. Apophyllite. Aragouite. Argentite. Arguerite. Ai'senicuni. Asjihalt. Atacamito. Aimchalcite. Azurite. Barite. Baritocaicite. Berthierite. Beryl. Biotite. Bismuth. Bitumen. Boracite. Boi'as. Bromyrite. Brookite. Bnicite. Cacoxenile. Calamine. Calaverite. Calcitc. Caucrinito, Caoliuite. Carnallite. Carpholite. Cassiteritc. Cclestite. CerargjTite. Cerite. Cerussite. Cervantitc. Clia1)asite. Chalcanthito. Chalcocite. Clialcodite. Chalcopyrite. Chlorastrolite. Chlorite. Chloritoidite. Chondrodite. Chromite. Chrysoberyl. Chrysolite. Ciunabarite. Clinochlorite. CUntonite. Cohaltite. • Coliimbite. Copiapite. Copper. Copi)erasite. Coquimbite. Corundophj'llito. Corundum. Cryolite. Cxyiitomorphite. Cuprite. Cyauite. Danbnrite. Datholitc. Deweylite. Diallogite. Diamond. Diasporite. Dolomite. Domeykite. Dufrenite. Embolite. Emerald. Emplectite Enstatite, Epidote. Epsomite. Erubescite. Erythrite. Euchroite. Euphyllite. Euxenite. Fergusonitc. Fibrolite. Fluorite. Forsterite. Fowlerite. Franklinite. Gadolinite. Galenite. Garnet. Almandife. Grossularite, Melanito. Ouvarovito. Pyroj)ite. Spessartite. Gehlenite. Genthito. Geyserite. Gibbsite. Glauberite. Glockerite. Goethite. Gold. Graphite. Greenockite. Gysum. Selenite var. Halite. Harmotomite. Hauerite. Hausmannite. Hauynite. Haydenite. Helvinite. Hematite. Columnar. Compact. Micaceous. Ochreous. Specular. Tabular. Hessito. 334 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Heulauditc. Hortonolito. Hovvlite. Hydromagnesite. Hydrotnlcite. Hj^jerstlienite. Idocrase. Utoenite. lodyrite. lolite. Iridosmine. Iron (meteoric). Jamesonite. Jeffersite. Kermesite. Labradorite. Lauarkite. Lapis lazuli. Laumontite. Lazulite. Leonhardite. Lepidolite. Leucite. Liebetheuite. Limonite car. Linnseite. Liroconite. Magnesitc. Magnetite. Magnolite. Malachite. Manganitc. Marcasite. Margarite. Meerschaum. Meionite. Melaconite. Melanosiderite. Mesolite. Metacinnabarite. Millerite. Mimetite. Mineral coal var. Molybdenite. Molybdite. Muscovite. Garnet inclusions. Hematite inclusions. Magnetite inclusions. Tourmaline inclusions. Natrolite. Nephelite. Nitre. Oligoclase. Aventurine oligoclase. Olivenite, Opal. Fire opal. Milky opal. Precious opa 1 . Semi-opal. Wax opal. Wood o)ial. Orpiment. Orthoclase. Adularia. Amazonstone. Chesterlite. Moonstone. " Ossidiau. Pumice. Sunstone. Ozocerite. Pectolite. Peridot. Petzite. Pharmacosiderite . Phlogopite. Pickeringite. Picrophyllite. Pitchblende. Pitticite. Polybasite. Polyhalite. Polymygnite. Prehnite. Psilomelanite* Pyrargyrite. Pyrite. Pyrolusite. Pyromorphite. Pyrosclerite. Pyrosenite. Angite. Coccolitc. Hedenbergite. Jeffersonite. Malacolite. Sahlite. Uralite. Pyrrhotite. Quartz. Agate. Amethyst. Aventurine. Basanite. Chalcedony. Carnelian. Chrysoprase. Crystal. FHnt. Heliotrope. Quartz—Continued. Hornstone. Jasper. Noraculite. Onyx. Prase. Rosy. Sandstone flexible. Sardonyx. Siliceous sinter. Silicified wood. Smoky. Quicksilver. Realgarite, Retinite. Rhodonite. Ripidolite. Rutile. Samarskite. Sassolite. Scapolite. Scheeletinite. Scheelite. Schirmerite. Schreibersite. Scorodite. Serpentine var. Chrysotilite. Ophite. Precious. Siderite. SilUmanite. Smectite. Smithsonite. Sphalerite. Spinel. Spodumen . Stannite. Staurolite. Stephanite. Stercorite. Stibnite. Stilbite. Sti'ontianite. Struvite. Sulphur. Sussexite. Sylvanite. Sylvite. Tachydrite. Talc. Tellurite. Tellurium. Tennantite. Teschemacherito. Tetrahedrite. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 335 Thomsonite. 336 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Color translucent green, with the usual silvery band somewhat broader than a scale. Belly white. A dark vertebral band made of three streaks of dark points. Edges of scales with dark punctulations. Fins i)l;ii]i. Lower jaw dark blood-color; the ground-color red, rendered dark by punctulations. Bordering membrane deep red. TabJc of propotiioiud nieasurenieiils. Extreme lengtli from chin to tip of tail .5.75 inclics. Leiigtli from tip of upper jaw to base of tail 4.00 iuches = UK) Body : Greatest deptli lU Greatest width 8 Least depth of tail 4.J- Length of caudal peduncle G Head Length from tip of lower jaw 50 Length from tip of upjier jaw ;J0 Width of interorbital area (> Length of mandible from eye :}G Length of snout (J Diameter of orbit 5 Dorsal : Distance from snout 7() Length of base 1(5 Greatest height ' 7 Aual: Distance from snout 78 Length of base 14 Caudal : Length of upper rays 13 Length of middle rays 11 Length of lower rays 14 Pectoral length 11^ Ventral : Distance from snout 03 Length ' - 7i Dorsal rays - , 1,13 Anal rays 1. 14 This species is abundant in the bay of San Diego and in the harbor of San Pedro. At San Diego we obtained in the winter, a very large number of immature individuals. At Wilmington we secured one speci- men nearly adult, and saw numerous others swimming about near the surface in the muddy waters of the harbor. We have named this species for Miss Eosa Smith, of San Diego, who has given much attention to ichthyology, and to whom the National Museum is indebted for many specimens of San Diego fishes. San Diego, Cal., August 10, 1880. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 337 DESCRIPTIOIVS OF SEVEIV IVE^V SPECIES OF FBSDBES FKOM DEEP SOr.'VWIIVJSS ©rv TEIE SOUTMEKIV IVEW E.^GtiAIVO COAST, WITH KIACJIVOSES OF TWO IJIVOESCniBEO OENEISA OF FLOirrVDERS AND A GENUS KEt.ATED TO MEKtiUCIBJS. By o. BMO'^yiv c;ooa>E. On tlie 4tli of September, 1880, the Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk" made a two days' trip from the summer station at IS^ewport, E. I., to the edge of the Gulf Stream. Several hauls of the trawl-net were made at the following stations: Nos. 805, 800, 807; lat. 40° 5'; long. 70O 23' W. ; depth, 05 fathoms. No. 808 ; lat. 40° 1' 42" :N". ; long. 70° 22' 30" W. ; depth, 102 fathoms. No. 809; lat. 40° 2' 18" N. ; long. 70° 23' 0" W. ; depth, 192 fathoms. No. 870 ; lat. 40° 2' 30" N. ; long. TOO 22' 58" W. ; depth, 155 fathoms. No. 871 ; lat. 40° 2' 54" N. ; long. 70O 23' 40" W.; depth, 115 fathoms. No. 872; lat. 40° 5' 39" N.; long. 70° 23' 52" W. ; depth, 80 fathoms. Tiie results of this day's work are unparalleled in the history of the Commission. Over 120 species of invertebrates and fishes yvere added to the fauna of Southern New England. The list of fishes never before seen south of Cape Cod is as follows. The other fishes taken in the same hauls are also mentioned, inclosed in brackets : 1. GlyiJtocephalus cyno(jlossns, (hum.) Gill; young; 809,870. 2. Monolene sessilicauda, n. s., n. g. ; 870, 871. 3. Citharichthys arctifrotis, n. s. ; 871, 872. 4. CitJiarichthys unicornis, n. s. ; 870, 871. 5. Thyris pellucidus, n. s., n. g. ; 871, 872. 0. Macrurns Bairdii, Goode & Bean ; adult and young ; 870. 7. Macrurus carminatus, n. s. ; 870. 8. Hypsimmetes gohioidcs, n. s. ; 871. [Phycis chuss, (Walb.l Gill] I (No. 25925) ; 800. [Merlucius hilinearis, (Mitch.) Gill] ; adult and young; 870, 871, 872.. 9. Phycis Ghesten Goode & Bean ; adult and young ; 808, 809, 870. \Phycis regius, (Mitch.) Gillj; 870. 10. Lycodes Verrilhi, Goode & Bean ; 870. 11. Anarrkiehas lupus, limii.; young; 800. 12. Peristedium miniatum, n. s. ; 805, 872. 13. Sehastes mnrinus, (Linn.) Liitken, 870, 871. 14. Eaia, unkn. spec, (with numerous closely studded spines); 871. 15. Paia, unkn. spec, (in egg, with very long tail) ; 809. 10. Myxine yhitinosa, hum.; 809,870. On this same ground Gloucester fishermen, in 1879, obtained numerous, specimens of Lopholatilus chamcdeonticeps never elsewhere taken. The occurrence of PInjcis regius and Merlucius hilinearis at such great depths is worthy of mention. Proc. Nai. Mus. 80 22 ^^^. 23^ ^^^^ 338 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ill tlie following paper are described the following genera and species, apparently never before observed: Thyris, n. g. ) Hypsicometes, n. g. Merluciidcef ' ' MonoJene sessilieauda, n. s. Cltharichthrjs arctifrons, n. s. Citharichthys unicornis, n. s. Thyris pellucidus, n. s. Macrurus carminatus, n. s. Sypsicometes gohioides, n. s. Peristedium miniatum, n. s. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Frederick Gardner, jr., who has assisted in the preparation of this paper. Monolene,* new geuus. A genns of plenronectoid fishes with thin elongate body and sessile candal fin. Eyes npon left side very close together, and near to profile. Mouth moderate ; the length of the maxillary less than one-third that of the head. Teeth minute in the jaws, in single series, nearly equal on both sides, though perhaps a trifle stronger on the blind side; absent on vomer and palatines. Pectoral fin upon blind side totally absent. Dorsal fin commences in advance of the eye npon the snout. Dorsal and anal rays simple. Caudal fin sessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal. Ventrals normal. Scales rather large, ctenoid upon colored side, cycloid upon blind side. Lateral line marked; on colored side strongly and angularly curved above the anterior two-thirds of the pectoral ; on the blind side straight, rising slightly as it approaches the region of the gill-opening. Gill-rakers few, feeble. Vertebrae 43. Monolene sessilicauda, new species.. Extreme length of specimen described 0.156™.t ^ The height of the body (38) is about three-eighths of the total length (without caudal), and is equal to twice the distance of the origin of the ventral from the snout (19); its height over the ventrals (25) is about five times the longitudinal diameter of the lower eye (5), the least height (8.5), at the base of the tail, slightly greater than the length of the lower jaw (8). The body is thin its greatest width (5) not exceed- ing the longitudinal diameter of the orbit. Scales subcircular, with irregular outline, about 2 millimeters in diame- ter, or in diameter about one-fourth (1.25) the diameter of the eye. The posterior edge of each scale upon the colored side is pectinate with about .fifteen denticulations. The scales of the blind side are oval, non-pec- * Etymology: ^uoi^of ^single; wAev;/^ an arm. tNo. 26004. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 339 til', ate, aboiit as large as those of tlie colored side. The head is every- where closely" thatched with scales, even to the edges of the lips, and small scales occur on the bases of the caudal, pectoral, and ventral fins, and upon the rays of the vertical tins nearly out to their tips. There are about 23 rows above and 25 below the lateral lines on the colored side, behind the curve of the line. Lateral line of colored side strongly bent in its anterior part over the base and anterior two-thirds of the pectoral fin. There are about 92 scales in the lateral line, 72 of them in its straight portion. The arc of the curved portion of the lateral line (12) is slightly more than double the distance of its highest portion above the line of the straight portion of the line were it continued (5). The curve of the line is very x)eculiar, having two angles; that nearest the head being most obtuse. The lateral line on the blind side is nearly straight, slightly ascending above the abdominal cavity. The length of the head (20) equals one- fifth of the standard length, and four times diameter of eye, or length of perculum (5). Distance from snout to margin of upper eye (5) much greater than distance to lower eye (3), and less than length of the maxillary (5.5), the posterior margin of which j)asses the perpendicular from the anterior margin of the lower eye. The width of the interorbital area is very small, less than one-sixth of the diameter of the eye. The length of the mandible (8) is two-fifths of the head. The dorsal fin begins upon the snout in the perpendicular from the anterior margin of the lower eye. It is composed of from 99 to 104 simple rays (in five specimens), the longest of which in the jiosterior fourth of the fin ; their length (0) nearly half that of the head. The anal fin begins between the tips of the ventral, close to the vent, and under the insertion of the x^ectoral. It is composed of 79 to 84 simple rays, the longest in the posterior fourth; their length (7) slightly more than one-third the length of the head. The cautlal is sessile, rounded, the middle rays in length (17) nearly double the longest dorsal rays. The pectoral, present only on the colored side, is inserted close to the branched opening, its length (15) three-fourth that of the head. The ventrals are upon the medium ventral line, even in length (0), slightly shorter or nearly equal to the longest rays of the anal. Color on the left side ashy brown, with numerous more or less dis- tinct darker brown spots. On the blind side white. Pectoral blackish, with traces of lighter transverse bands. Radial fornmla: D. 99-103; A. 79-84. Lateral line (92). Eleven sj)ecimens, ranging in length from .094 to .156 millimeter, were taken, September 4, in hauls 870 and 871. 340 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Current numhcr of specimen PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 341 Citharichthys arctifrons, new species. Extreme lengtli of specimeu described 137 millimeters.* The height of the body (37) is about three-eighths of its total length (without caudal), and is equal to about four times the height of the tail (9) and about five times its thicliuess (7). The scales are irregularly polygonal, cycloid; the largest about G mil- limeters in diameter; the diameter (5)' nearly equal to that of the eye. The scales are ilexible, loosely arranged, and very easily detached, so that it is diflicult to secure a specimen in good order. Small scales on the rays of the \entral fins. There are forty scales in the lateral line (on the colored side), which is sharply defined and straight, and seven or eight above and the same number below the lateral line at the broadest l>art of the body. The length of the head (21-24^^) is about one-fourth that of the body, and four limes the diameter of the eye (0). The interorbital space (1) is very narrow, equal to the difference in the distances from snout to lower eye (4) and snout to upper eye (5). The length of mandible (10-104) is about double the latter distance; the length of the maxillary (7-74) slightly more than the greatest width of the body. The dorsal fin begins upon the snout, above the anterior margin of the upper eye. Its greatest height (13-15) is about three times the distance of its anterior ray from the snout. It is composed of 82 to 83 simple rj^s. The anal begins under the axil of the pectoral, its greatest height (14-?.j) equal to or slightly exceeding half the distance of its anterior ray from the snout. It is composed of G7 simple rays. The caudal is subsessile, triangular, of 10 rays; its length about equal to that of the head. In dorsal, anal, and caudal the rays appear to pro- ject beyond the connecting membrane half or two-thirds of their own length. The pectorals are inserted far below the lateral line and close to the gill-opening. The pectoral on the colored side is composed of more lays (0-10) than that of the blind side (7), its length (17-10) being about double that of its mate (7-9). The veutrals are comi)osed of 4 rays. Color dirty light brown. Eadial formula: D. 82-3; A. 07; C. 10; P. 0-10-7; V.o; L. lat. 40. Numerous specimens, ranging in length from 90 to 140 millimeters, were taken, September 4, in hauls 870-871. The females were full of ripe spawn. It is not probable, therefore, that the average size of the species is much greater than that of the specimens described. * No. 25908, Nat. Mus. .042 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Current nninbor of specimen Locality 25,908. 871. Milli- meters. Extreme length Length to end of middle caudal rays. . Body : Greate.'^t height of middle dorsal. Greatest widtli Least height of tail Head: Gieatest length "Width of int.ernrbital area Length of snout to upper eye Length of maxilhiry Length of mandible Distance from snout to lower eye . Diaineter of orbit, longitudinal . . Dorsal (spinous) : Distance from snout Length of base I rreatest height, posterior J Anal: Distance from snout Length of base Height at longest ray, posterior ^ Cau(hil: Length of middle rays Pectoral : Distance from snout Length Ventral: Distance from snout Length Dorsal 137 111 Anal C:*lal Pectoral • Ventral Xumber of scales in lateral line, from root of ventral obliquely back Number of transverse rows above lateral line lOOths of length. Milli- meters. 122 102 38.5 7 9 24.25 1 5 7.25 10.25 4 6 4.75 lOOths of length. 25 17-9 21 10 82 67 9-7 5 Citharichthys unicornis, new species. Extreme length of the specimen described (ISTo. 26003) 69 millimeters. The greatest height of the body (47) is slightly less than its length, and is about 4| times its least height at the tail (11). The body is much higher than in G. arctifrons, its greatest height over the pectorals, the contours then descending in almost straight lines to the base of the tail. The thickness of the body (G) is less than in C. arctifrons, bcnig contained, nearly seventeen times in the standard length. Tlie scales are thin, deciduous, smaller than in C. arctifrons. There are about forty scales in the lateral line, which is slightly curved over the pectoral, and, as nearly as can be determined in the denuded specimens before me, about twelve rows above and twelve below the lateral line at the broadest part of the body. The length of the head (25) is one-fourth of the standard length and about three times the diameter of the eye (9), or the distance from the snout to the upper eye (9). The interorbital space is wide (4), equal to the length of the snout, and diagonally crossed by a strong ridge, a con- tinuation of two ridges which form the upper boundary of the lower and the lower boundary of the upper orbit. The length of the maxillary (11) is less than half, that of the mandible PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343 (13) more tlian half, that of the head. The teeth are miuute, hi single rows, closely set in the jaws, somewhat stronger upon the blind side. A strong short spine above the snout, at the anterior termination of tlie ridge at the lower margin of the upper eye. Hence the specific name unicornis. The dorsal fin begins at the side of the preorbital spine, its anterior rays being slightly crowded over upon the blind side. It is composed of 73 to 75 simple rays. Its greatest height (13) is half the length of the head. The distance of the anal from the snout (33) is one-third of the stand- ard length. The number of rays is GO; their longest (13) equal in length to the longest dorsal rays. The caudal is pointed, triangular, subsessile; its length (22) twice that of the maxillary (11) and two-thirds the distance from the snout to the anal (33). The pectorals are inserted far below the lateral line. The pectoral of the colored side is twice as long (18) as the diameter of the eye, that of the blind side as long (13) as the longest dorsal rays. The former is composed of 10 rays, the latter of 4. The length of the ventrals (11) is half that of the caudal. They are asymmetrically j^laced, as is described under the generic diagnosis. Eadial formula : D. 73-75 ; A. 60; P. 4 right, 10 left ; L. lat. 40. Color ashy gray, with dark lateral line. Eyes black. Current number of specimen. Locality 26,003. 870 and 871. Milli- meters. Extreme lenitli Lenutli to origin of middle caudal rays . . Body : Greatest height Least height"of tail Head Greatest length ] )istiince from snout to upper eye Distance from snout to lower eye ^Vidth of interorbital area Lengt li of snout Length of maxillary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit, longitudinal Dor.snl (.siiinous) : Distance from snout Greatest height Anal : Distance from snout Height at longest ray Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Distance from snout Length Ventral": Distance from snout on colored side Length Dorsal Anal Pectoral Number of scales in lateral lino lOOthsof length. 4E. 28 18-13 26 11 75-73 60 , lOL. 40 344 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Thyris,* new genus. I feel much hesitation in describing as a member of a new genus this little heterosouie fish, which has all the appearance of being the larval form of some larger si)ecies. Since, however, it has attained almost the size at which one of the associated species begins breeding, and since I am unable to assign it to any genus already described, it seems desira- ble to give it a name which may serve to designate it, at least for the time being. Diagnosis.—A genus of heterosome fishes, with soft, transparent, elongate body. Head very short (in the single species contained about 5J times in total length of body). Mouth small, toothless. Eyes upon left side, close together, the lower slightly in advance of the upper. Pectoral fin upon blind side shorter and with fewer rays than upon colored side. Ventrals crowded together upon median keel of body, their bases prolonged njion this keel. Dorsal fin commences in front of the eye upon the snout. Dorsal and anal rays simple. Caudal fin sub- sessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal. Scales very small, thiu, easily detached. Dorsal liue marked, straight. Body translucent, col- orless (except for three longitudinal stripes in the single species). The vertebra can almost be counted through the flesh when the fish is held up to the light, and the arrangement of the gills is clearly visible through the oi^ercular bones. Thyris pellucidus, new species. The length of the specimen described (No. 20005) is 72 millimeters. The height of the body (32) is about one-third of its length (without caudal), the least height of the tail (7) one-fourteenth. The body is thiu, pellucid, larval-like, divided into three longitudinal tracts by de- pressions at the bases of tlie rows of interspinous i^rocesses, as in Gltjp- tocephalus. The scales are small, thiu, easily detached (none remain upon the specimen except a few in the lateral line). The number of transverse rows is estimated at one hundred and twenty, the number of rows above and below the lateral line at the widest portion of the body seventeen or eighteen. The scales in the lateral liue are provided with a large central canal. The lateral line is straight on both sides. The head is very small; its length (18) contained about five and one- half times in the total length of the body. The eyes are small, protrud- ing, the upper almost perpendicularly above, though i>erh:ips slightly posterior to the lower. The diameter of the eye (2) equals the width of the interorbital space (2) and is double the distance (4) from the snout to the upper eye, that from the snout to the lower eye (3) being inter- mediate. The mouth is small, the shape of the opening being somewhat like that in Solea, the upper jaw being somewhat hook-shaped. The length of the upper jaw (4) is two-thirds that of the mandible (0). The dorsal commences on the snout in advance of the eye, ami is com- * Etymology : 9vpig=a, window. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345 posed of 96 to 102 long', flexible, simple rays, their tips appareutly ex- tendiug far beyond the connecting membrane. The length of the longest rays (14) is double the least height of the body at the base of the tail The anal fin originates at a distance (22) from the snout contained four times and one half in the length of the body. It is composed of 70 to 81 rays, the longest of which are as long as the head. The pectoral is inserted close to the gill-opening and far below the lateral line (midway from the black stripe ui)on the lateral line to the black stripe at the base of the interspinous processes of the anal fin). The pectoral upon the blind side is short, its length (2) equal to the diameter of the orbit, composed of about four or five rays ; that upon the colored side longer, its length (3) equal to that of the snout, and com- posed of about twelve rays. The ventrals are both crowded upon the ventral keel, their bases prolonged upon the keel, their tips embracing the origin of the anal. Iladial formula : D. 9G-102 ; A. 7G-81 ; P. 12 left, 4-5 right. Color: In life colorless, translucent. In alcohol yellowish white. Three prominent blackish longitudinal stripes or lines upon the left side. The stripe running from the branchial cleft to the base of the tail is less prominent than the two at the bases of the interspinous processes. On the lateral line of the right side there is no stripe, though the two lateral stripes are as prominent as ui)on the other side. Eyes black. Current number of specimen Locality 26,005. 870, 871, and 872. MiUi- meters. lOOtlis of lencrth. Extreme length Length to eiul of middle caudal rays . . Body : Gieatf'st height Least height of tail Head : Greatest height Distance from snout to upper eye. Distance from snout to lower eye . Width of interorbital area . . . . Lengt li of max illary Length of mandildo Diameter of orbit Dorsal (siiiiious) : Distance from snout Greatest height Anal : Distance from snout Height at longest ray Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral: Distance from snout Length Ventral: Distance from snout Dorsal Anal Pectoi-al Kumber of scales in lateral line. 100 32 7 18 4 3 2 4 2.5 14 16 90-102 7G-81 !L.,4-5K. *1£0 ' Estimated from partial count. 346 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEmi. Macnirus carminatus, new species. A single specimen, 248 millimeters in length, was obtained, September 4, at station 871. It is most closely related to M. coelorliynchus (Risso) Bonap. and to M. atlanticus Lowe, bnt differs in the number of iin-rays and in other characters. The body is less elongate and stouter than in M. Bairdii, Goode & Bean, though its greatest height (12.5) is, as in M. Bairdii, one-eighth of total length. The difference in general appearance is due to the fact that in 31. carminatus the ventral contour retreats less rapidly. The scales are large, heavy, the free portions covered with long vitre- ous spines arranged in nine or ten rows. These scales resemble the old- fashioned wool cards. Hence the specific name, from carmen, a wool-card. The spines are thicker and more closely set than in ill. Bairdii, and there is no specialization of the central row. The number of scales in the lateral line cannot be determined, thougii it probably does not exceed 100, but there are a,bout five transverse rows' above it and twelve below it, counting from the vent obliquely backward. In ill. Bairdii there are 152 in the lateral line, six above and nineteen or twenty below. Length of head (21) contained a little less than five times in total length. Width of interorbital area (4) about equal to vertical diameter of orbit, and about one-fifth of the length of the head. Length of snout, horizontal diameter of eye, length of postorbital portion of head about equal (7). Length of operculum (35) half that of snout. Snout long, sharp, depressed, triangular, the lower surface more nearly parallel with the axis of the body than in M. Bairdii. The lateral ridges are pronounced and are contained in a straight line under the eyes and upon the i>reopercula. Strong horizontal riloyed by the United States Fish Commission for several years past in exiiloring the waters and investi- gating the marine animals of this coast. * This work has been under the immediate direction of the writer, who has peTsonally taken a part in most of the very numerous dredging excursions. The total number of stations dredged or trawled amounts to over 1,200. Among the large number of persons who have taken ;) more or less important part in these explorations, in connection with the invertebrate department, I may par- ticularly mention Prof. S. I. Smith, Prof. A. S. Packard, Mr. Sanderson Smith, Mr. Eichard Rathbuu, Prof. H. E. Webster, Mr. Oscar Harger, Mr. E. B. Wilson, and Mr, S. F. Clark. During the last three years Mr. Sanderson Smith has given special assistance in caring for the testaceous Mollusca in the dredging season, and has also been engaged with the writer at various other times in the working up of the Mollusca of Northern New England for publication. Owing to the great accumulation of materials, this will necessarily take much time. In the mean time the following catalogue will afford much useful information as to the additions recently made to our molluscan fauna. This season, the most interesting and prolific region of our coast hitherto explored was discovered upon the outer bank, or slope, situated from 70 to 80 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, and from 90 to 115 miles south of Newport, R. I. In September and October three very successful trips were made to this region. The first of these trips was made September 3 to 5, south of Martha's Vineyard, about 70 to 80 miles (stations 8G5 to 872), where the depth was from Go to 192 fathoms. The bottom was mostly fine compact sand, with some mud, and with a large percentage of Foraminifera. The * In this article 115 species of Mollusca are recorded as recent additions to the fauna of New England. Of these, 48 species are apparently undescribed (including 23 spe- cies just published in theAmerican Journal of Science, forNovember). The niimber of species included in this article that are not contained in the last edition of Gould's Invertebrata of Massachusetts is 125. Many other species, not here included, have previously been added by me to those contained in Gould's work. Many of these are enumerated in the author's Preliminary Check List of the Marine Invertebrata of Northern New England, 1879. Many will l)o found in various articles in the American Journal of Science ; others are contained in the Report on Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound, in Part I of the Reports of the United States Fish Commission, 1873. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 357 second trip was made September 12 to 14, nearly south from Newport, 90 to 105 miles, where the depth was from 85 to 325 fathoms (stations 873 to 881). The third trip, October 1 to 3, was to the same region, but somewhat farther west and south, and in deeper water (stations 891 to 895). At all these stations, except 8G7, a large beam-trawl was used ; at 867 a heavy "rake-dredge", of a new form, was used with good success. All these stations are situated in the region designated on the charts as " Block Island soundings", and nearly all proved to be exceedingly rich in animal life, the vast abundance of individuals of many of the species taken being almost as surprising as the great number and variety' of tlie species themselves. In this region the slope is exceedingly gradual till the dei^th of 75 to 100 fVithoms is reached, at about 90 miles from the coast ; the slope then becomes much more rai)id, but yet not steej), and the bottom is of very fine comi)act sand, mingled with more or less mud, fragments of shells, and sometimes with small stones,* and generally has a smooth and rather hard surface, 'uell adapted to support a very great variety of animals of nearly all classes. In some places the material is softer mud and sand ; in others it is covered with broken shells and great numbers of sponges, hydroids, and worm-tubes. Many species owe their existence, on these bottoms, to the suitable places of attachment furnished by the large tubes of annelids, which formed a marked feature in many of the localities. In several localities with muddy bottoms (869,879,880,894), we trawled large quantities (several thousands in all) of very singular, large, round, unattached worm-tubes, occui^ied by a large, undescribed species of HyalinceciaA These tubes are firm and translucent, composed of a tough substance resembling the quills of birds. They are open at both ends, but often have internal sei^ta near the larger end ; they are often more than a foot long, and about a third of an inch in diameter at the * These stones, which were common in nearly every haul of the third trip, are of all sizes, from small pebbles up to bowlilers G inches or more in diameter. They are of various kinds of rocks, like those found in the drift formation along the opposite shores of the mainland and on the shores of Block Island and the eastern end of Long Island. Their presence, so far from land and beneath the edge of the Gulf Stream, can easily be explained by supposing that they have been carried out to sea by the shore ice that forms along these coasts in winter in vast quantities and of considerable thickness. This ice, when it breaks up in spring, is carried out to sea, with its inclosed stones and gravel, by the tides and currents, till it comes in contact with the Avarmer waters of the Gulf Stream, where its loads of stones drop to the bottom. "We have often met with large, loose, and fresh bowlders, sometimes of large size, in various localities, f;ir from land, on muddy bottoms, off the coasts of Maine and Nova Scotia, where thoy have doubtless been recently dropped from shore ice. t Hi/aJinwcia ariifex Verrill, sp. nov. Closely related to H. fiihicola of Europe, but much larger, with the buccal segment as long as the three or four following segments ; anterior autenn;T3 small, short, rounded, ovate; three median ones sabequal, very long, reaching the 15th segment ; eyes rudimentary; branchiie slender, commencing at about the ^Sth to 30th segment; bidentate sette with the hook terminal and less curved. Surface opalescent. 358 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NxVTIONAL MUSEUM. larger end, but taper gradually toward the smaller one, and are nearly straight. They may possibly at times stand erect in the mud, but this is doubtful ; in most cases they probably lie free on its surface, and the large and powerful annelid inhabiting them probably has the power of dragging them about ; otherwise it would be impossible to account for the numerous hydroids, actinians, sponges, &c., which often cover them. On the harder bottoms, in the shallower localities, especially at sta- tions 805 to 867, we obtained great quantities of a very diflerent, unat- tached worm-tube, composed of bivalve shells, entire and broken, arranged so as to form a strong, tlattened covering around a thin silken, central tube. These are made by a i^ale, opalescent species of Nothria (near N. conchylega), allied to Hyalinoecia. In the localities last named we also took large quantities of another very diflerent kind of worm- tube, made by another Annelid of the same family, a large species of Eunice or Leodice.* This tube is sometimes half an inch in diameter, more or less attached, irregularly bent, often branched, or with side- openings at the angles. It is comj^osed of a parchment-like material, and is usuallj^ covered with hydroids, sponges, actinians, ascidians, &c. The sand and mud usually contain a large percentage of calcareous Foraminifera, many of which are remarkably large and handsome spe- cies, often more than o" or 6'" in diameter. In some of the localities (as at stations 8(39, 894:, and 895) there were, in the mud, very large quantities of large sand-covered Ehizopods {Astrorhiza, Bhahdammina^ &c.), which assume a variety of irregularly branched and often rudely stellate forms, but many of them are rod-like, and nearly an inch in length. Fishes, Crustacea, Annelids, Anthozoa, and Echinoderms, as well as Mollusca, abounded in new and strange forms. Of many of these spe- cies, i)reviously unknown in our waters, thousands of specimens were obtained. At several of the stations, especially at 880, 881, 893, and 894, large numbers of the handsome Mopsea-like coral, Acanella Nor- mani V., were taken ; to these many fine specimens of the rare Pecten vitreus were attached, and also several species of Actinians and Annelids. In many of the localities vast numbers of hermit-crabs {Paguridw), of several species, occurred, inhabiting cases consisting of groups of the compound, sand-coated Actinians, mostly Epizoantlms Americanus V. The bases of these originally covered dead shells of Gastropods or Pteropods, occupied by the crabs, but by some chemical process they have, in most cases, wholly removed the substance of the shell, so that the polyp constitutes the entire residence of the crab. Large numbers of huge Actinians, such as Bolocera Tuedice, JJrticina nodosa, &c., oc- * Leodice jyoh/irmicJiia Verrill, sp. nov. A stout species, resembling L. vivida (St.)= X. Norvigica (L.), but the brauchii© commence on the seventh or eighth segment, and continue to near the end of the body, on at least 1'20 segments ; they have four to six branches; eyes large, round; three median antennae, long, the middle one longest; tentacles long, reaching beyond the edge of the buccal segment, which is as long as the three following ones; ventral cirri at first conical, those beyond the fourth, short, with large swoUeu bases. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 359 curred in most of the deeper dredgings. Large quantities of a large, handsome, but very fragile, cui^-coral {FlabeUum Goodei V.) occurred in the deeper localities, especially at stations 880, 894, 895, but most of the specimens were ruined by being crushed by the great weight of tha contents of the trawl. The animal of this coral is bright orange, with a purple center. While many of the species of every class obtained here are arctic, or belong to the cold waters found at similar or greater depths on the coasts of Europe and in the Mediterranean, a few genera, like Avicula, Solarmm^ and Marginella, are related to southern or West Indian forms. A num- ber of the most abundant species of Crustacea and Echinoderms* had already been described from the collections made by Pourtales, off Florida. Many free-swimming species, belonging to the Pteropoda and Hete- ropoda, of which we dredged the dead but perfectly fresh shells, were not previously known to occur so far north. They were associated with others of the same groups which had previously been taken living at the surface along our shores, but they all belong i^roperly to the Gulf Stream fauna. The frequent occurrence of nearly fresh shells of Argonauta Argo was also a matter of surprise to us, and indicates that this species must often be very common near our coast. The very large collections of specimens obtained on these three trips have, as yet, been only i)artially examined, but enough has alread}^ been done to jirove ihis region to be altogether the richest and most remark- able dredging ground ever discovered on our coast. The large number of new forms, combined with others previously known only from remote regions, constitute a very distinct fauna, hitherto almost wholly un- known. A considerable number of undetermined, and jierhaps undescribed, shells from these localities are not included in this article. * A brief account of the EcMnoderms obtained by us, with descriptions of several of the new species discovered, has been published by me in the American Journal of Science for November, 1S80. It is only necessary to say here that several of the star-tishes, Ophiurans, and Crin- oids occuired iu such large numbers as to constitute one of the most conspicuous features of the fauua. The most abundant species were Arcliasttr Americanus V., A. Af/assizii Y., A. Florcv V., Luidia elegans Perri<5r, Oplnocuida olivacea Lym., Opkioncolex glacialis M. & Tr., Opliiogbjpha Sarsli Lym., Antedon Samil (D. & Koren). All these species, except the last two, are orange-colored, varying to orange-red. The same is true of Acanclla Normani, of most of the Actinians, and of the majority of the crabs and shrimps, as well as of some of the fishes. It seems probable that the prevalence of orange and red colors among the deep-water animals is due to the fact that the luminous rays of those colors are completely absorbed by the thick, overlying stratum of sea-water, and consequently these animals, not being capable of reflectiug snch bluish and greenish rays as do reach them, would be nearly invisible at those depths beyond which white light penetrates. If this be true, such colors, being pro- tective, may be due to the operation of natural selection, according to the principle so often exemijlified in shallow-water animals having colors like their surroundings. 3G0 PEOCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dredf/ing stations on the outer hank in 1880. Number. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 361 greatly modified and very different from its mate. Lateral and ventral arms siibequal. In both sexes, and even in the young, tlie suckers along the middle of the four lateral and two ventral arms are distinctly larger than the rest, but in the larger males this disparity becomes very re- markable, the middle suckers becoming greatly enlarged and swollen, so that eight to ten of the largest are often six or eight times as broad as the proximal and distal ones ; they are deep, laterally attached, with a raised band around the middle and a very small, round aperture, fur- nished with a smooth rim. In the female the corresponding suckers are about twice as broad as the rest on the lateral arms. The suckers are in two regular rows on the lateral and ventral arms, in both sexes. In the male the left dorsal arm becomes thickened and larger from front to back, and usually is curled backward; its suckers become smaller and much more numerous than on the right arm. being arranged in four crowded rows, except near the base, where there are but two ; the sucker- stalks also become stout and cylindrical or tapered, their diameter equal- ing that of the suckers. The right arm remains normal, with two alter- nating rows of suckers, regularly decreasing to the tip, as in both the dorsal arms of the female. Tentacular arms long, slender, extensible; club distinctly enlarged, usually curled in preserved examples. The suckers on the club are numerous, unequal, arranged in about eight close rows ; those forming the two or three rows next the upper margin are much larger than the rest, being three or four times as broad, and have denticulated rims. Color, in life, pale and translucent, with scattered chromatophores. In the alcoholic specimens the general color of body, head, and arms is reddish, thickly spotted with rather large chromato- I^hores, which also exist on the inner surface of the arms, between the suckers, and to some extent on the tentacular arms and bases of the fins; outer part of fins translucent white; anterior edge of mantle with a white border. Length of body 25"™ to 40""". Pen small and very thin, soft and delicate. It is angularly jjointed or pen-shaped anteriorly, the shaft narrowing backward ; a thin, lanceolate expansion or web extends along nearly the posterior half. Upper jaw with a strongly incurved, sharp beak, without a notch at its base. Lower jaw with the tip of the beak strongly incurved, and with a broad but prominent rounded lobe on the middle of its cutting edges. Odontophore with simple, acute-triangular, median teeth; inner lat- erals simple, nearly of the same size and shape as the median, except at base; outer laterals much longer, strongly curved forward. Over 150 specimens of this interesting species were secured by the writer and others of the dredging party on the United States Fish Cora- mission steamer "Fish Hawk", Septeuiber 4, 18S0. It was particularly abundant at stations 870 and 871, in about 125 to 150 fathoms, on the rapidly sloping outer bank of the coast, under the inner edge of the Gulf Stream. Both sexes occurred in about equal numbers, and also the young, of various sizes. It was also taken iu considerable numbers 362 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. at Stations 8G5 to 8G7, in 65 fatlioms ; 872 to 880, in 86 to 252 fathoms. It was also obtained by Mr. A. Agassiz, at similar depths, in the same region, as well as farther south, earlier in the season, while dredging on. the Coast Survey steamer "Blake". This species was associated, at station 869, in 192 fathoms, mud, with Octopus Bairdii and Bossia stiblevis. It can easily be distinguished from the latter and other species of Rossia, not only by the large suckers of the lateral arms, but still better by the inequality of the suckers on the tentacular club. The latter character is obvious in specimens of both sexes and of all ages. Gonatus amcenus (Moller) Gray. G. O. Sars, Mollnsca Regionis Arcticse Norvegiae, p. 336, pi. 31 ; pi. xvii, fig. 2 (figures excellent). A good specimen of this species, in nearly perfect preservation, was recently presented to the United States Fish Commission by Capt. Will- iam Demsey and crew, of the schooner " Clara F. Friend". It was taken from the stomach of a cod, ofi" Seal Island, Nova Scotia. Calliteuthis Verrill. Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 393, for Nov., 1880 (publislied. Oct. 25), Form much as in Eistioteuthis, but without any web between the arms. Body short, tapering to a small free tip ; fins small, united behind the tip of the body. Siphon united to the head by two dorsal bands ; an internal valve. Mantle connected to the sides of the siphon by lateral elongated cartilages and corresponding grooves on the sides ofthe siphon. Arms long, free; suckers in two rows, largest on the middle of the lateral and dorsal arms. Eyes large, with oval openings. Buccal mem- brane simple, sack-like. Calliteuthis reversa Verrill. Loc. cit., ]). 393. Arms long, tai)ering, the lateral pairs equal; the dorsal and ventral about equal, somewhat shorter than laterals ; tentacular arms slender, compressed (the ends absent). Fins small, thin, transversely rhomboidal, white. Color reddish brown. The ventral surface of the body, head, and arms is more ornamented than the dorsal surface, being covered with large, rounded verrucse, their center or anterior half pale, the border or posterior half dark purplish brown ; uj)per surface of body with much, fewer and smaller scattered verrucae ; a circle of the same around the eyes ; inner surfaces of arms and buccal membranes chocolate-bi"owu. Total length, 133'"™; to base of arms, 67'"'°; mantle, 51"""; of fin, 17'"'"j breadth of fins, 24"""; of body, 20'""'; diameter of eye-ball, IG"^"'. Station 894, 365 fathoms. AUoposiis Vemll. Anier. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 393 (puMished Oct., 1380). Allied to Fhilonexis and Tremoctopus. Bodj^ thick and soft, smooth; arms all (in the male only seven) united by a web extending nearly to PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 363 the ends, the length of the arms decreasing from the dorsal to the ventral ones ; suckers sessile, simj)le, in two rows ; mantle united firmly to the head by a broad dorsal band and by a ventral and two lateral commis- sures, the former placed in the median line, at the ba^e of the siphon 5 free end of the siphon short, well forward. In the male the right arm of the third pair is hectocotylized and developed in a sack in front of the right eye; as found in the sack it is curled up and has two rows of suckers; the groove along its edge is fringed; near the end the groove connects with a rounded, obliquely placed, lateral, concave lobe, with interior plications. The terminal portion of the arm is a lanceolate thickened process, with ridges on the inner surface. The permanent attachment of the mantle and neck, by means of com- missures, is a very distinctive character. Alloposus mollis YerriU. Loc. cit., p. 394. Body stout, ovate, very soft and flabby. Head large, as broad as the body ; eyes large, their openings small. Arms rather stout, not very long, webbed nearly to the ends, the dorsal 60""° longer than the ventral arms ; suckers large, simple, in two alternating rows. Color deep pur- plish brown, with a more or less distinctly spotted appearance. Length, total, 160""°; of body to base of arms, 90™""; of mantle, beneath, SO"""; of dorsal arms, 70"""; breadth of body, 70'""'. Seven specimens were taken. The sexes scarcely differ in size. Station 880, in 225 fathoms (2 (^ , 1 9 ) ; 892, 487 fathoms; 893, 372 fathoms; 895, 238 fathoms. Argonauta Argo Linn6. The capture of a living specimen, probably of this species, on the coast of New Jersey, has been recorded by Eev. Samuel Lockwood.* It was, nevertheless, very surprising to us to find its shells, or fragments of them, very common in nearly all our deeper dredgings, 70 to 100 miles off the southern coast of New England. At station 894 two entire and nearly fresh shells were taken, and another nearly complete. They be- long to the common Mediterranean variety. GASTEOPODA. Bela (Leach) H. & A, Adams ; G. O. Sars, &c. Pleurotoma (pars) Jeffreys and many earlier authors. The species of this genus are numerous on our coast, but their identi- fication is difficult, owing to the very poor and insufficient descriptions of many European writers.! Moller's Greenland species, especially, are *Amer. Naturalist, xi, p. 243, 1877. t In Binney's edition of Gould's Invert, of Mass. there are included seven northern species of Bela. Of these the figures are mostly inadequate, and some are entirely erroneous. Fig. 620, given for B. iurricula; Fig. 621, intended for B. harpularia ; and Fig. 624, for B. cancellata, do not really represent those species. Fig. 620 represents B. harpularia better than *'B. turricula", for which it was intended. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. badly described. The pubbcatiou of the excellent work of G. O. Sars has at lenj>th rendered it possible to identify many species, hitherto doubtful, with his Norwegian forms, though there may still be doubt as to the proi)er ajjplicatiou of the names given by earlier writers, and even as to the actual si)ecific distinctness of all the forms that he has described. The sexual variations he has not taken into account. Dur- ing numerous dredging expeditions made in the past twenty years, the writer has obtained a large series of specimens of Bcla, which he has reserved for a more complete revision hereafter; but some of the more consi^icuous forms not yet recorded from New England, and in part not known as American species, are here mentioned. Figures of all these and others have been engraved for a more detailed paper and will, it is hoped, soon be published. Bela Pingelii (Moller, 1842) H. & A. Adams, i, p. 92, 1858. G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 2JS, pi. 16, fig. 5, 1878. This very distinct species has been repeatedly dredged by me at East- port, Me., and by the United States Fish Commission parties in Casco Bay, Massachusetts Bay, on George's Bank, and off Nova Scotia. It has not unfrequentty been confounded by autiiors with B. cancellata. It is our most slender and elongated species, with evenly rounded whorls, strongly cancellated, over the whole surface, by numerous slender, longi- tudinal ribs and revolving raised lines or cinguli, which are about equally prominent, and form small, round nodules where they cross the ribs. Bela Sarsil Verrill, sp. nov. Bela cancellata G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 224, pi. 23, fig. 31 ; pi. viii, fig. 9 (uot of Couthouy). This name is proposed for the species described and figured by G. O. Sars as B. cancellata. The same species was formerly collected by Dr. A. S. Packard at Labrador, and sent to us by him under the name of B. cxarata. It is a small, strongly sculptured species, with obtuse, angular-shouldered whorls, and is especially distinguished by its few broad and strong ribs, crossed by rather distant revolving lines, giving it a coarsely cancellated surface. Bela cancellata (Migliels) Stimpson, Check List. Fusus caiwellatus Mighels, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 50, 1841; Boston Joiirn. Nat. Hist,, iv, p. 52, pi. 4, fig. 18, Jan., 1842. Bela cancellata Gould, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 355, description (not tfie figure, 624). The true Bela cancellata (Mighels) is a common shell on the New En- gland coast, in 20 to 00 fathoms. It is an elongated species, with long, acute spire, and with the whorls moderately and obtusely shouldered at some distance below the suture, the flattened portion above the shoulder being destitute of revolving lines, but crossed by the numerous oblique ribs, which are strongly bent at the shoulder and take a sigmoid form. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365 Below the sboulder the einguli are numerous and prominent, crossing tlie prominent narrow ribs so as to produce a distinct, but not coarse, cancellation. It most resembles the figures of B. elegans and B. angu- lom of Sars. It is perhaps the original B. decUvis (Loven), but does not agree with Sars's figure. Bela tenuicostata M. Sars. G. O. Sars. op. cit., p. 237, pi. 17, figs. I a, h; pi. ix, fig. 6 (dentition). Specimens appareutlj^ identical with this species were dredged by me, in moderate depths, at Eastport, Me., in 1864, 1808, and 1870. It was also taken this season at stations 893 and 894, in 365 to 372 fathoms. It is closely related to B. dccussata Couth., but has smaller and more numer- ous ribs, and is, therefore, more finely cancellated. It may be only a variety of B. decussata. The latter is easily distinguished from all our other species by its oval form, rounded, scarcely shouldered whorls, crossed by very numerous small, narrow, flexuous, sigmoid ribs, which are strongly bent backward near the suture, in conformity with the very distinct, rounded sinus of the lip. The whole surface, except close to the deep suture, is covered with numerous rather fine, close, raised, revolving einguli, giving the surface a rather finely and regularly can- cellated structure. Bcla Trevelyana (Tnrton) H. & A. Adams. This has been recorded by Jeffreys from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. He formerly united B. decussata with it, but has subsequently (in Mol- lusca of Valorous Expedition) distinguished them. I have myself seen no American shells agreeing clearly with English specimens of B. Trevelyana. The latter resembles B. decussata in form and size, but has the ribs nearly straight and the cancellation coarser than in our shell. Bela impressa ? (Beck) Morch, Catal. Moll. Spitzberg, p. 17, 1869. Fleurotoma imjircssa Leche, Kongl. Sveuska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 16, p. 54, pi. 1, fig. IG, 1873 (author's separate copy). I refer doubtfully to this species a small but very distinct shell frequently dredged by us, in 10 to 70 fathoms, all along the coast, trom oft' Cape Cod to N^ova Scotia. It was also dredged this season at sta- tions 812 to 815, in 27 fathoms, off Block Island. The shell is greenish white, short-oval, with about five whorls, which are distinctly flattened and angularly shouldered near the deep suture. There are on the last whorl about twenty rather broad, flat ribs, which are a little prominent and usually slightly nodose at the shoulder, but they disappear a short distance below. The most characteristic feature is that the surface is marked by rather fine, but regular and distinct, revolving grooves or sulcij which are rather distant, with flat intervals. Of these there are usually about three or four on the penultimate whorl, and about twenty on the last, the greater number being below the mid- dle, on the siiihon, where they become closer; one of the sulci, just below 366 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the shoulder, is more distinct, and crosses the ribs so as to give their upper ends a subnodnlous appearance; below this there is usually a rather wide, smooth zone; no revolving lines above the shoulder. Aper- ture about half the length of the shell, rather wide, angular; canal short. There is a very distinct, moderately deep, posterior sini s; the middle of the outer lip projects forward strongly. Ordinary specimens are about G.5'"" long; 3.5""" broad; aperture, .3"™ long. Our shell is not so stout as that represented in the figure of Leche, but it agrees very well in other resi)ects. Bela exarata (Moller) H. & A. Ad., Genera, i, p. 92, 1858. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 232, pi. 16, fig. 18; pi. ix, figs. 1 a,l) (dentition, «Xsc.). — Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 43, fig. 15. A regularly cancellated species of Bela, agreeing with Greenland specimens sent under this name from the University Museum of Copen- hagen, is not uncommon, ranging from off Massachusetts Bay to the Bay of Fundy and Kova Scotia. It does not agree perfectly, however, with G. O. Sars's figure of the shell, but its dentition agrees well with his figure and seems to be characteristic. The color of the shell is usually pale greenish or greenish white ; texture thin ; size medium ; whorls turreted, flattened, angularly shouldered close to the suture, with the angle of the shoulder rather sharply nodose. Ribs numerous, regu- lar, nearly straight, narrow but rounded, separated by concave inter- vals of equal or greater width. Whole surface covered with regular and rather strong, elevated, revolving cinguli, which cross the ribs and produce on them small, rounded nodes, and give a very regularly and strongly cancellated appearance to the whole surftice. On the penulti- mate whorl there are about four cinguli below the angle. The flattened space above the shoulder is crossed by the ribs and covered with numerous fine revolving lines. Length, 10"'™; breadth, 4.5™™; length of aperture, 5.5 ''™. A more elongated form, similar to the above, but with the angle of the whorls still more sharply nodose, also frequently occurs. This I have supposed to be the male of the same species, but it agrees closely with Sars's figure of Bela mitrula (Loven). The dentition of B. exarata closely resembles that of the latter, as figured by Sars. The teeth are unusuallj^ long and large for the size of the shell, rather slen- der, somewhat curved, acute, with one side excavated to near the tip basal part short, a little thickened, notched deeply on one side, obtuse. Living specimens were also dredged this year at stations 880, 892, and 894, in 252 to 487 fathoms. Bela rugulata (Moller) H. & A. Ad., Genera,!, p. 92, 1858. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 230, pi. 23, fig. 6; pi. viii, figs. 13 a-c (dentition). This is one of the several species that have commonly been confounded under the name of ^' Bela turricula^\ Our shell agrees well with the figures and description given by G. O. Sars, both as to its external characters and dentition. The sculx)ture PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 367 is rather coarse, the ribs being strong-, with wider and concave intervals; the whorls are strongly angularly shouldered, each of the ribs ending in a distinct nodule, formed by the first spiral groove below the shoulder, which is stronger than the rest; the flattened subsutural area is nearly or quite destitute of spiral lines, but is crossed by slight flexuous exten- sions of the ribs ; the whole surface below the shoulder is covered with strong spiral lines, between the ribs. On the upper whorls a few of the revolving lines arc stronger than the rest, forming with the ribs a coarsely cancellated structure. The dentition is very characteristic, and entirely different from B, exarata, B. harpularia, and other allied forms. The uncini are broad, flat, lanceolate, with a sharp, slightly barbed tip, and with a broad bilobed base. This species has frequently been dredged by us in Massachusetts Bay, Bay of Fund}-, «&c., in 5 to 50 fathoms. Bela simplex (Middend.). G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 239, pi. 17, fig. 4 ; pi. 23, fig. 11 ; pi. ix, fig. 9 (deatitiou). Bela Icevigata Dall (teste G. O. Sars). One dead, but fresh, small specimen, from station 894. The whorls are very convex and evenly rounded, nearly smooth, but covered with fine and close spiral lines, crossed by still finer lines of growth ; sub- sutural zone smo(jth. The apex of the spire is acute. The three apical whorls are chestnut-brown ; their surface is finely decussated by equal lines running in oi)posite directions. Bela hebes Verrill, sp. nov. Shell short-fusiform or subov^ate, with a short, blunt spire and five well-rounded, slightly turreted whorls: suture impressed. Sculpture numerous small, regular, raised, spiral ridges, with wider interspaces, those just below the suture stronger and more distant; lines of growth fa,int. Aperture narrow-ovate. Outer lip expanded below the suture, then regularly rounded, thin ; the i^osterior sinus is broad and shallow ; canal short and broad, straight; columella regularly incurved. Epi- dermis thin, greenish white. Length, 8'"™; breadth, 5"""; length of aper- ture, 5"""; its breadth, 1.80'""'; length of body-whorl, front side, 6.35'""". Stations 891 and 892, in 500 and 487 fathoms ; four specimens. Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) Agassizii Verrill &. Smitli. Amer. Jouni. Sei., xx, p. 394, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25). This large and elegantly sculptured species occurred sparingly, living, in many of the off-shore localities (SCO, 871, 874, 877, 880), in 05 to 252 fathoms, but it was taken in larger numbers at stations 891 to 895, in 238 to 500 fathoms. The two nuclear whorls are very small, chestnut- brown, scarcely carinated, rounded, with the surface finely cancellated by lines running obliquely, in two directions, but close to the suture only the transverse lines appear. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) Pandionis Vorrill, sp. nov. Shell large, thick, (lull brownish yellow, with a very acute, elevated spire; whorls nine, very oblique, moderately convex, concave below the suture; whole surface covered with close lines of growtli, which recede in a broad curv^e on the subsutural band ; numerous tine, unequal, raised, spiral lines cover the whole surface, except the subsutural band. The upper whorls are also crossed by sixteen to eighteen blunt, trans- verse ribs, about as broad as their interspaces, most elevated on the middle of the whorls, fading out above and below. Aperture elongated, narrow; sinus broad and well marked, just below the suture; canal short, nearly straight. Operculum absent. Length, 43™'"; breadth, 14.5"""; length of aijerture, 19'"""; its breadtb, 5.5'"™. A large specimen was taken alive at station 895, in 238 fathoms. Pleurotoma Carpenter! Verrill & Smith. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 395 (published Oct., 1880), Only a few specimens were taken, stations 871 to 873, in 86 to 315 fathoms. This species very likely belongs to Mangelia, but I have had for exam- ination no specimens with the animal. Taranis Morchii ? CMalrn) Jeffreys, Annals and Mag., v, 1870. G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 220, pi. 17, fig. 8. Two good examples of a prettily sculptured shell, which I refer doubt- fully to this species, were taken at station 894, in 305 fathoms, off New- port, E. I. They do not agree fully with Sard's figure and description. Whorls six, the lower ones sharply angnlated and carinated. There are five revolving, nodulous carin^e on the body-whorl, one close to the suture ; the second and most prominent surrounds the periphery ; the other three are on the anterior half; some faint additional ones appear on the canal ; the three preceding whorls have the subsutural and the sharp central carina, and usually the third carina is more or less ex- posed at the suture. Between the first and second carinse the surface is flat or slightly concave. The whorls are crossed by numerous thin, delicate, flexuous, regularly spaced, raised ribs, which are conspicuous betweeu the carince, and i)roduce sharp nodules where they cross them. The nucleus is small, rounded, light chestnut-brown, minutely cancel- lated with microscopic lines running in two directions. Sinus of the lip shallow, rounded. Length, 4'"™; breadth, 2'"'". The principal difference between our specimens and the form figured by Sars is that in the latter there are more cariute, two of which sur- round the periphery, instead of one. Taranis pulchella Verrill, sp. nov. A smaller and more slender species than the preceding, with a more acute spire, and with the carinae sharp, but not nodulous. Whorls seven, angular, the lower ones carinated and shouldered. Body-whorl PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3G9 with six revolving carinoe, besides oue or two on the canal; one is just below the suture; the three largest surround the periphery, the median one most prominent. Between the subsutural and second cariuae the surface is concave and crossed by numerous elevated, thin, curved rib- lets, corresponding to the labial sinus ; similar but less prominent and less curved riblets cross the interspaces between the other carince, but do not cross the carince themselves. Penultimate whorl with the sub- sutural and two peripheral carinse. Preceding whorls without distinct carinse, except the subsutural one, but with the curved, transverse, raised riblets well developed. Nuclear whorls very small (surface eroded). Aperture narrow, angular ; canal short, slightly turned to the left ; outer lip with a disthict, evenly rounded sinus below the subsutural carina. Columella slightly incurved and flattened. Length, 2.20'"'"; breadth, 9Qmm. length of body-whorl, 1.40™""; of aperture, .9.5'""'. Station 892, in 487 fathoms ; one specimen. Marginella roscida (?) Raveucl. A single dead specimen, closely resembling this species, was taken at station 865, in G5 fathoms. Tritonofusus latericeus (Moll.) Morcli. Sipko latericeus G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 276, pi. 15, fig. 8; pi. x, fig. 24 (dentition). Several specimens, apparently of this species, were taken at stations 804 and 895, in 238 to 365 fathoms, off Newport. It had previously been dredged in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Dr. J. W. Dawson. Our shell is long-fusiform, with an elevated, acute spire; whorls eight, moderately convex, crossed by strong, prominent, rounded ribs (about eighteen on the last whorl), separated by concave interstices, wider than the ribs ; whole surface covered with fine and regular spiral grooves, defining raised spiral lines of about double their width ; these lines cross the ribs as well as their interspaces. Nuclear whorl small, a little eccentric and incurved. Aperture long-ovate, narrow. Canal somewhat elongated, nearly straight, narrow; the outer lip is con- tracted or incurved at its base. Length, 20™'"; breadth, 8'"'"; length of aperture, 10"'"'; its breadth, 3™™. Neptunea (Sipho) caelata Verrill, sp. uov. Shell resembling the last, small, subfusiform, with an elevated spire, which is less acute than in the preceding, while the aperture is shorter and the canal is shorter and more recurved than in that species. Whorls six, moderately convex, with impressed sutures, the upper whorls de- creasing more rapidly. Nuclear whorls very small, regular, smooth, not distinctly incurved. Sculpture broad, rather prominent, rounded ribs, with wider concave interspaces, and over the whole surface numerous small, narrow, unequal, raised spiral lines, separated by wider grooves The whole surface is also covered with very fine and regular raised lines of growth, which cross and roughen the spiral raised lines, and are more Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 24 ©ec. 21, 1880. 370 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, conspicuous in the grooves, producing a fine decussated structure. On the last wliorl are fourteen to sixteen of the transverse ribs or folds ; these become obsolete just below the periphery, so that on the base there are only spiral lines and lines of growth. Aperture narrow-ovate. Outer lip evt^nly rounded in the middle, but contracted at the base of the canal- which is short, rather narrow, and distinctly recurved. Col- umella decidedly curved. Epidermis thin, yellowish white, closely ad- herent, with distinct lines of growth. Length, 14.5™^; breadth, 7™"; length of aperture, with canal, 7""'"; its breadth, S™'"; length of body- whorl, front side, 10'"". Stations 891 to 895, 238 to 500 fathoms, with the preceding ; several specimens, living. Neptunsa (Sipho) arata Verrill, sp. nov. Stations 8G9 to 880, 893 to 895 ; common. Nearly all our deep-water specimens related to N. Stimpsoni Morch {= Fusus Islandicus Gould) differ widely from the common shallow-water form, in having the whole surface much more strongly sulcated by broader, deeper,' and less numerous spiral grooves. On the upper whorls there are seven or eight of these broad grooves, separating flattened spiral ridges of about the same width ; on the last whorls the ridges become broader, and each of them is divided at summit by a smaller secondary groove. The canal is rather long, slightly recurved. Columella twisted, but not much bent. Epidermis not pilose, yellowish brown, often in raised lines along the lines of growth. Color within aperture bluish white, the columella and canal tinged with flesh-color or pale salmon. Length, SO"'"; breadtli, 30"""; length of aperture, with canal, 45'"'"; its breadth, 14""^. The typical, nearly smooth variety of JV. Stimpnoni Morch is perhaps the same as N. //te&ra Yerkruzen, sp. (= Siplio glaher G. O. Sars). Neptunea (Sipho) propinqua (Alder). Fusus projiiuquus Alder, Catal. Moll. North. &Durh. ; Jeffreys, British Couch., iv, p. 338 ; v, pi. 83, fig. 3. Neptunea propinqua Verrill, Amer. JoTirn. Sci., xvi, p. 210, 1878. . This shell was first taken by us, in 1877, off* Cape Sable, and off Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, in 88 to 100 fathoms, where it was common. This season it occurred in abundance, living, and of good size, in most of our outer dredgings, being the most common species of this family, except N. pygmcea. It occurred at all the stations from 8G5 to 874, 87G to 880, 893 to 895, ranging in depth from G5 to 487 fathoms. It w^as most abundant at 8G9 to 871, 894 and 895, in 115 to 3G5 fathoms. Although it does not agree perfectly with the European specimens of IS!. propinqua that I have had for comparison, I have recorded it under this name, largely in deference to the opinion of Mr. W. H. Dall, who has made a special study of this group, and who has had some of our specimens for comi)arison. Tnis shell is somewhat stouter and more veutricose than the ordinary forms of N. ^timpsoni and N. arata, from which it differs, also, in having PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 371 an olive-colored, ciliated epidermis ; the canal is sliorter and more cnrved and twisted ; the suture is slightly channeled, and the aperture is broader than in either of these species. The sculpture consists of regular, narrow, spiral grooves. The aperture is white. Buccinuni cyaneum Brug. ; Stimpson. Buccimim GronJandieum G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 259, pi. 25, fig. 1 ; pi. x, fig. 11 f , 6 (non Stimpson). This species was dredged in the summer of 1879, by the " Speedwell", off Cape Cod, in 90 fathoms. It was dredged by us in 1877, off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, in 80 to 90 fathoms, compact sand, and off Halifax, in 100 fathoms, and has often been brought in from the banks off ISTova Scotia by the Gloucester fishermen, but it was not previously actually known from the New England coast. ITassa nigrolabra Verrill, sp. nov. Shell minute, long-ovate, nearly smooth, pale olive, with the edges of the lips blackish. Whorls five, slightly rounded, with shallow sutures ; spire elevated, not very acute. Surface covered with close, regular, microscopic lines of growth, and with less distinct revolving lines ; canal with a few minute, distinct, spiral grooves. Aperture short-ovate; canal wide and very short; outer lip rounded, with edge flaring, thickened and revolute, with a row of minute nodules on the inside ; inner lip con- sisting of a broad, smooth, glossy, brownish-black deposit of enamel on the body-whorl and columella ; columella nearly straight ; no umbilicus. Length, 2.85"""; breadth, 1.40"™; length of aperture, 1.20"^"^. Station 870, in 155 fathoms; one specimen. It is referred to ^as.sa- only provisionally. The animal is not known. Lunatia nana (Moller). G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 159, pi. 21, figs. 16 a, h; pi. v, fig. 14 (dentition).—Ver- rill, Proc. Nat. Mus., ii, p. 197, 1879. In addition to the localities oft" Cape Cod and on Le Have Bank, pre- viously cited by me, this species has been taken at other localities on our coast. It was taken by Prof. S. I. Smith and myself at Eastport, in 1864; by Prof. H. E. Webster at Seal Cove, Grand Menan, in 1872; by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ; and by our party in 1880, twenty miles south of Block Island, in 28 fathoms. Lunatia levicula Verrill, sp. nov. Shell light, thin, and rather delicate, broad-ovate; spire .moderately elevated, subacute. Whorls five, evenly rounded; suture distinct. Aperture ovate, well rounded below. Outer lip short, sinuous along the edge, the upper portion considerably advancing where it joins the body-whorl. Inner lip iiartially reflexed over a rather small, deep umbilicus, but not thickened, and forming a mere film on the body-whorl, above the umbilicus. Surface covered with distinct and rather coarse, sinuous lines of growth, parallel with the edge of the lip, and, lilce it, advancing as they approach the suture. Color (of a dead but fresh 372 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. shell) pale brownish yellow ; the spire, when worn, and the interior, yel- lowish brown. Other specimens are white or yellowish white. Length, 32mm. x^readth, 25"""; length of aperture, 27"""; its breadth, 15™™. This shell was first dredged by me near Eastport, Me., in 1870. It has since been dredged by the United States Fish Commission parties in Casco Bay, Me., and also off Block Island, stations 812 to 814, in 26 to 28 fathoms. It is still a very rare species. It has some resemblance to Acryhia fiava, on account of the lightness and thinness of the shell, as well as in form, but the shape of the aperture is different, and there is a distinct umbilicus. The columella is also much less incurved. Lamellaria pellucida Verrill. Amer. Journ, Sci., xx, p. 395, for Nov. (published Oct. 25, 1880). Animal broad-elliptical, well rounded, both anteriorly and posteriorly ; back convex or somewhat swollen, smooth, without tubercles ; branchial sinus, in anterior edge of mantle, shallow but distinct ; tentacles slen- der, tapered ; eyes small, black, on the outer basal portion of the tenta- cles ; foot oblong, well developed, reaching nearly to the posterior end of the mantle when extended. Color of the mantle yellowish brown, blotched irregularly with dark brown; some specimens were paler, others darker brown. Odontophore long and narrow, with three rows of teeth ; central tooth much smaller than the lateral, its basal part oblong, with nearly parallel sides and squarely truncate at the end ; tip acute-triangular, strongly curved forward, with a prominent, sharp, median denticle, and a row of four or five much smaller denticles on each side. Lateral teeth very large, strongly incurved, and hollowed out on the concave surface, with both edges serrate; the inner edge has the serrations coarser, not reaching the tip, which is smooth, stout, acute. The basal portion of the lateral teeth is furnished with a broad, sinuous, aliform lobe on the outer edge ; the basal end is slightly exi)anded and obtusely round or subtruncate. The most important difference between the dentition of this species and that of L. perspicua and L. latens (Miill.) is in the form of the basal portion of the median teeth ; in both the European species this is divided into two divergent lobes, separated by a deep notch. Shell ovate, with a well-formed spire, very thin and delicate, smooth, lustrous, and transparent. Aperture broad-ovate, much larger than the body of the shell, but not so large and open as in L. latens. The in- terior of the spire cannot be seen in a ventral view, but is visible in an end view from the front. The spire is oblique, somewhat elevated, and slightly pointed, with a minute nucleus. Whorls three, well rounded; sutures impressed. Outer lip very thin, sloping or somewhat flattened posteriorly, somewhat expanded and well rounded anteriorly; inner lip receding in a deep, regular incurvature of the body- whorl, which has a sharp, thin edge that winds spirally into the interior of the spire. Sculp- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 373 ture none, except indistinct lines of growth ; surface smooth and shin- ing throughout. Length of the animal in life about 15""" to 20"""' ; length of shell, 12.5""; breadth, lO"". Stations 870 to 872, south of Martha's Vineyard, in 86 to 155 fathoms, fine sand (16 specimens, living). The shell of this species, in form, closely resembles that of the Eu- ropean L. perspicua (not of Gould), but the dilferences in the mantle and dentition will clearly separate it. Specimens of both sexes occurred, and they had the same form and color externally. The ^^Lamellariaperspicua^^ of Gould was based, in part at least, upon Marsenina glabra. A species of Lamellaria occurs at Eastport, Me., which may be distinct from the preceding. Marsenina prodita (Loven) Bergli. G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 151, pi. 12, figs. 5 a-c ; pi. v, figs. 7 a,h (dentition).—Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 2, 2 a. This species was taken, living, at Eastport, Me., by Prof. S. I. Smith and myself, in 1864 and 1868. It is easily recognized by its compara- tively prominent, acute spire, turned to one side, by its obliquely elon- gated aperture, and by the margin of the outer lip being slightly inflexed near the suture. It has not been previously recorded from the American coast, south of Greenland. Marsenina glabra Verrill. Oxinoe gldln-a Couthouy, Boston Jonrn. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 90, pi. 3, fig. 16, 1838. Lamellaria perspicua (pars) Gould, Binney's ed., p. 337, fig. 607 (?). Marsenina micromphala Bergb.—G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 151, pi. 21, figs. 10 a-d.— Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 1, la. This species is not uncommon at Eastport, Me., where I collected it in 1859, 1861, 1863, 1864, 1868, 1870, and 1872. It was dredged last year by our party, on the " Speedwell", off Cape Cod, in 34 fathoms. It has a much smaller and less prominent spire than the i^recediug, and a more regularly oblong-oval ai^erture. The shell is smooth, white, thin, and delicate in both species, but more translucent in the present one. There can be no doubt, from the description and figure, that the Oxinoe glabra of Couthouy was a Marsenina indistinguishable from this species, which is the commonest of the group on our coast. The 21. microm- phala, well described and figured by Sars, appears to agree perfectly with our form, both in the animal and shell. Gould appears to have confounded two or more species under his L. perspicua. His figure (158) in the first edition does not represent this species ; the figure 607 of Binney's edition is different, and may be this shell. As a genuine Lamellaria, having its shell entirely inclosed in the mantle, also occurs on our coast, not rarely at Eastport, Me., it is not improbable that Gould may have had its shell among those examined by him. Its identity with L. perspicua of Europe is very doubtful, however. 374 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Marsenina ampla Verrill, sp. nov. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 3, 3a. Shell broad-oval, white, nearly opaque, fragile, with conspicuous lines of growth, but otherwise smooth ; whorls scarcely two ; last whorl very large, constituting nearly the entire shell, and nearly concealing the first whorl, which appears only as a minute incurved nucleus, situated in an apical depression. Ajjerture broad, oblong-oval, showing the interior of the spire to the apex. Outer lip thin, distinctly expanded and slightly shouldered near the suture, somewhat straight along the right and left sides, regularl}^ rounded in front, slightly excurved where it joins the inner lip, which consists of a narrow and thin coating, conformable to the columella surface, but with a distinct, narrow groove, and with the edge slightly raised as a narrow lamina in the umbilical region. The columella-edge is sigmoid and very much incurved in the umbilical region. Length, 11""" ; breadth, 8™™ ; depth of last whorl, 5""". Eastport, Me. Dredged in 1868, by the writer. Velutella cryptospira (Middenrt.). G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 149, pi. 21, figs 9 «-c. A good living example of this shell was taken by us in 1877, off Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, in 57 fathoms (station 82). The shell is very thin, translucent, yellowish horn-color, flexible, and but slightly calcified, with no sculpture except fine lines of growth. The spire is small, incurved, and depressed, so that the apical whorl is not visible in a front view. The aperture is elongated. The outer lip expands rather abruptly posteriorly, and is prolonged anteriorly. Length, 8"""; breadth, 5"""^ length of aperture, 6.5""". Trichotropis conica Moller. Kioyer's Tidss., iv, p. 85, 1842.—G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 163, pi. 13, fig. 3. A single dead, but large and characteristic, specimen of this very dis- tinct species was taken in the Gulf of Maine, off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, in 75 fathoms, by the United States Fish Commission party, on the " Speedwell ", in 1877. It is easily recognized by its conical spire and its flattened base, covered with revolving grooves and ridges. The revolv- ing ribs on the spire are stronger than those on the base, and unequal. Rissoa (Cingula) harpa Verrill, sp. nov. Shell small, white, translucent, acute-conical, with five very convex, rounded whorls and deeply impressed sutures ; body-whorl large ; api- cal whorl very small, smooth, regular. Sculpture very regular, well- raised, roundeil, transverse ribs, about twenty-six on the last whorl, sep- arated by spaces rather wider than the ribs ; and fine, close, microscopic spiral lines, which cover the interspaces. Aperture nearly circular, slightly effuse in front. Outer lip thin, regularly rounded; inner lip refl(5xed in the umbilical region, and continued on the body-whorl only PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 375 as a thiu layer of enamel. Umbilicus a small but distinct cliink. Length, 2.75'"™; breadth, 1.80""". Animal unknown. Dredged by us off Massachusetts Baj- , 1877, station 34, in 160 fathoms ; and off Newport, at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 305 fathoms. Cingula turgida (Jeff.) Verrill. lUssoa turgida Jeffreys. — G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 183, i)1.10, figs. 12 a, h. A very small, white species, with smooth, rounded whorls and distinct umbilicus. Station 892, in 487 fathoms. Cingula Jan-Mayeni (Friele) Vewill. Eissoa Jan-Mayeni Friele, Nyt. Mag. Naturv., 1877 (auth. cop., p. 4, fig. 4). Cingula Jan-Mayeni Verrill, Amer. Joum. Sci., xvii, p. 311, Aj)r., 1879. This species was common at stations 891 to 894, in 238 to 500 fathoms. A single specimen occurred at station 880. It was originally from off Greenland, 70 to 300 fathoms. Whiteaves has dredged it in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, 200 fathoms, but it had not hitherto been taken on the i^ew England coast. Lepetella Verrill. Amer. .Toum. Sci., xx, p. 396, Nov., 18H0. Shell small, smooth, oval or oblong, limpet-shaped, conical, with a simple subcentral ajjex, not spiral. Animal much as in Lepeta, but with distinct eyes. Odontophore tsenioglossate, with seven regular rows of teeth ; median tooth a rather broad, thin plate, with incurved, smooth, convex edge, narrower than the base ; inner lateral tooth stout, with a broad base and a single incurved, terminal denticle; second lateral tooth larger, with a broader flat base and two terminal incurved denti- cles ; outer laterals smaller, flattened, subtriangular plates. Lepetella tubicola Verrill & Smith. Loc. cit., p. 396, 1880. Shell thin, white, smooth, conical, with the apex acute and nearly central; aperture broad- elliptical, oblong, or subcircular, usually more or less warped, owing to its habitat ; edge thin and simjile. Sculpture none, lines of growth slight, outer surface dull white ; inner surface smooth, with the pallial markings faint. Length of largest specimens, 3.75'"™; breadth, 3"^'"; height, 2'"™. On inside of old tubes of Hyalinoecia artifex V. ; tweniy-seven were taken from one tube. Stations 869, 192 fathoms, and 894, 365 fathoms. Lovenella "Wliiteavesii Verrill, loc. cit., p. 396, 1880. CerUldopsis cosUdatus Whiteaves {non Moller). A small and elegant species, allied to L. metula (Loven). Elongated, subulate; spire regularly tapering to the acute apex; whorls nine, slightly convex, witli a prominent, nodulous, revolving carina below the middle, and a smaller one just below the suture; on the body-whorl another less elevated and scarcely nodose carina revolves in line with 376 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the edge of the lip ; below this the base is smooth. Whorls crossed by numerous transverse, curved, elevated, rounded costse, which are about as wide as their intervals, and in crossing the two upjier cingulse form small rounded nodes at their intersections. Aperture broad ; columella much incurved above 5 canal distinctly excurved and twisted; outer lip with three angles corresponding with the three carinae. Length, 4.5™™ ; breadth, 1.5""". The largest specimen measures, in length, 6.25"""; in breadth, 2"-. Stations 891, 892, and 894, in 365 to 500 fathoms ; Gulf of Saint Lawrence, 200 fathoms, J. F. Whiteaves. Truncatella truncatula (Drap.). Jeffrey's British Conch., iv, p. 85, pi. iv, fig. 1.—Verrill, Amer. Jouru. Sci., XX, p. 250, Sept., 1880. This species was found by the writer, living in considerable numbers, and of all ages, among the docks at Newport, E. L, July, 1880. It occurred among decaying sea-weeds thrown up at high-water mark, both among the vegetable matter and on the under sides of stones. It was associated with Alexia myosotis, Assiminea Grayana, Anurida mari- tima, Orcliestia agilis, &c. It may possibly have been introduced in recent times by commerce, like the Littorina Uttorea, now so common on our shores; but if so, it has, like the latter, become thoroughly u aturalized. This is the first time that it has been observed on our coast, so far as known to me. Solarium boreale Verrill & Smith, sj). uov. A small, pretty, pale yellowish brown species, with a strong carina-like, rounded, nodulous rib around the periphery. Height, 2.5'"" ; breadth, Ftmm Two living specimens from station 871, 115 fathoms. The spire is low and flattened ; nuclear whorl smooth, obliquely incurved, reddish ; body- whorl strongly keeled, triangular ; above the keel, flattened, and near it, are about six small spiral ribs, separated by impressed lines ; upper sur- face of whorls also crossed by numerous flexuous, transverse, low ribs, with shorter ones interpolated toward the periphery. Base a little con- vex, about as much so as the spire ; toward the periphery covered with numerous fine spiral lines; also covered with many low ribs radiating from the umbilicus, around which they are nodulous. Aperture trian- gular, with a notch corresponding to the keel. Scalaiia Pourtalesii Verrill & Smith. Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 395, Nov., 1880. Three fine specimens, one of them living, from stations 871, 873, and 874, in 85 to 115 fathoms. Scalaria, sp. An undetermined Scalaria, having the sculpture much as in S. Gran- landica, but more slender in form, was taken at station 873. The spiral lines are very distinct between the ribs, and also extend over them. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377 Scalai'ia Dalliana Verrill & Smitli. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 395, Nov., 18S0. Several specimens, living, from stations 8G9, 870, 871, and 874, in 65 to 155 fathoms. Acirsa gracilis Verrill, sp. nov. Shell white, with a long, slender, regularly tapered, rather acute spire and deeply impressed sutures. Whorls eight, evenly rounded, all except the last crossed by slightly raised but distinct rounded ribs, separated by wider interspaces; the ribs are most elevated just below the sutures and on the upper whorls. Lower whorls with numerous (eight or more) fine, slightly impressed spiral lines, producing narrow spiral cinguli, of which the lowest on the last whorl is strongest and bor- ders the base of the shell, which is convex and smooth. The spiral lines are absent near the sutures. Mouth round-ovate, slightly effuse in front. Inner lip slightly reflected. j!^o umbilicus. Stations 873 and 891, in 100 to 305 fathoms. This species is much more slender than Acirsa costulata Migh., sp., 1841 {=A. borcalis and A. Uschrichtii of authors), and its ribs are more reg- ular and distinct. A. pra'lonrja Jeffreys has much finer sculpture. Aclis "Walleri Jeffreys. G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Ai'ct. Norv., p. 19G, pi. 11, fig. 18. Three living specimens were taken at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 365 fathoms. Aclis striata Verrill, sp. iiov. Shell small, white, somewhat lustrous, fragile, with moderately ele- vated spire ; Avhorls six, well rounded, with deep sutures, the last one ventricose. Sculpture numerous fine, close, sj^iral grooves, covering the whole surface. Aperture simple, ovate. Outer lij) thin, with a wide and rather deep sinus below the suture, but i^rojectuig strongly forward in the middle, where it is regularly rounded, then recedes somewhat anteriorly, joining the inner lip in an even curve. Inner lip discontinu- ous, slightly concave and reflected in the umbilical region, where it joins the body-whorl. Umbilicus narrow, but deep. Nuclear whorl small, regular, smooth. Length, 4""'"; breadth, 2™". One specimen was dredged by me in the Bay of Fundy, near East- port, Me., in 1808; another was dredged in deep water off Newport, E. L, this season, by the United States Fish Commission. This species is i^rovisionally referred to Aclis because of its general resemblance to known species of that genus. Both my specimens were dead, and I have, therefore, no means of knowing the structure of the animal. Its regular apical whorl shows that it is not an Odostomia. The marked sinus of the outer lip and the distinct umbilicus are features not found in any other shell of our coast of similar size and appearance. Dead and broken specimens might be taken for bleached Gingula aculeus, 378 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. but the latter has a different aj)erture, continuous lip, and no umbilicus, and its sculpture is coarser. Calliostoma Bairdii Verrill &, Smith. Amer. Joura, Sci., xx, p. 396, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25). Stations 805 to 874, in 65 to 192 fathoms; many living specimens. Most common at stations 809 and 871, in 192 and 115 fathoms. Margarita regalis Verrill & Smith. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 397, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25). Stations 870, 871, 880 to 895, from 115 to 500 fathoms. Most abundant at stations 892 to 894, in 365 to 487 fathoms. Margarita lamellosa Verrill & Smith. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 397, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25). Stations 869 and 871, 115 to 192 fathoms. Only two specimens ob- tained. Margarita, sp. nov. A small, elevated, conical, nearly smooth, white, and iridescent species, with a small, narrow umbilicus, was dredged by us off Halifax, No\a Scotia, in 1877. The specimen is not now at hand for accurate descrij)- tion. Machaeroplax bella (Verk.). G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 137, pi. 9, figs. 5 a-e. An elegant species, allied to M. varicosa, but with more elaborate sculpture. As in the latter, the whorls are crossed by oblique, flexuous, rounded, transverse folds, but there are, in addition, in 3L hella four con- spicuous revolving ribs on the last wborl ; the upper one is large and nodulous, giving the whorls an angular or somewhat carinated form ; the two lower ribs are smaller and close together, the third one at, and the fourth just below the basal angle of the whorl. On the other whorls only the two ui)per ribs are visible. Base with curved transverse ridges, crossed by fine revolving lines. Umbilicus moderately large and deej), with very distinct spiral lines within it. Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia (loc. 47), 90 fathoms, fine, compact sand, United States Fish Commission, 1877. One living and one dead sj^eci- men. I^Tew to the American coast. Cyclostrema trochoides (Jeff. MSS.) Friele. Arch. Math. Naturv., 1876, p. 308, pi. 4, figs. 2 a, &— G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 131, pi. 8, figs. 9 a-c. A few si)ecimens of this little shell were trawled at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 305 fathoms. In our specimens the umbilicus is, in most cases, a narrow chink, but in one it is closed. There are distinct spiral lines immediately around the umbibcus. It is new to the American waters. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 379 Assiminea Grayana Leach. Jeffrey's Biitisli Conch., v, p. 99, pi. 4, fig. 1 ; pi. 97, fig. 5.—Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 250, Sept., 1880. This was found iu July of this year, by the writer, living among decay- ing sea-weeds, at high-water mark, between the docks at Newport, R. I. It was associated with Alexia myosotis and Truncatella truncatula, and was rather more abundant than either of the latter. Drawings of the animal of this and the two species last named were made by Mr. J. H. Emerton. The animal agrees well with the figures and descriptions of the European examijles. It has not been recognized as American before. Eulinia intermedia Cantraine. G. O. Sars, op, cit., p. 210, pi. 11, fig. 20; pi. xviii, fig. 41. Several living specimens were taken at stations 870, 871, 874, 87G, and 877, in 85 to 155 fathoms. It has previously been known from deep water in the Mediterranean, and off the Canary Islands, Lofoden Islands, and Finmark (200 to 300 fathoms). This shell is more slender than E. oleacea. The sutures are not at all impressed; the whorls are flattened so that the spire has a regular, long-conical form. Aperture regularly ovate. The surface is smooth, j)olished, and shining. Color of shell pure white, translucent; in life the animal shows through, giving it a pale orange or salmon color. Length, 5.G""^; breadth, 1.6'""'. Eulima distorta Deshayes. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 210, pi. 11, fig. 23. A single living specimen of this curious little shell was obtained at station 871, in 115 fathoms. Turbonilla nivea Stimiisou, Check List. Chemnitzia nivea Stimpsou, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 114, 1851 ; In- vert. Grand Manan, p. 23, 1853. One perfect specimen of this very rare shell was dredged at station 871, in 115 fathoms. It is distinguished by its very slender, elongated form, with twelve flattened, closely coiled whorls and slightly marked sutures. The sculpture consists of well-marked, regular, transverse, rounded ribs, with smooth interstices ; no spiral lines. Color white ; surface shining. AjHcal whorl small, inciu'ved, and reversed. Length, 6.5""" j breadth, 1.5""". Turbonilla Rathbuni Verrill & Smith. Amer. Joum. Sci., xx, p. 398, Nov., 1880. Several fine living specimens were taken at stations 865 to 867, in 61 and 65 fathoms, and at stations 893 to 895, in 238 to 365 fathoms. Dedicated to Mr. Eichard Eathbun, of the United States Fish Com- mission. 380 PEOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Turbonilla formosa Verrill & Smith. Amer. Journ. Sci., xs, p. 398, Nov., 1880. ant «!: ^t?:^7t;ir ^'^'"^°' ''"'' ""«"™<' - ^'-^^- «^^ Turbonilla Smithii Verrill, sp. nov Stations 871, 873, and 876, in 100 to 120 fathoms. Euhmella ventricosa (Forbes). _ G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 209, pi. U, fig. 19,. pi. 33, fig. ic. rounded in tLe n>idd,e\™lp4ectC™;,t™?"'renSb!'r;™" Odostomia unidentata (Mont.). GO. Sars, op. cit., p. 201, pi. n, figg. ^.g. 0.^..o..a ..o,..« Stimpson.-Gouia, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 327, fi. 596 Odostomia (Menestho) sulcata Verrill, sp. nov of body-whori, TsV^ tead'h^^^^^ '' T T"" '^^"^''' '•'^'"^' breadth, .70-. ' ' ^^ ' ^^"^*^ «^ aperture, 1.10-- its Stations 871 and 894, in 115 and 365 fothoms. a reo-ularlV fnJvJT I ^'^^ '^ ^'^'^^S' ^^^^^ ^J^o^s and andtwer PeX; ^-.T"' ^^"? ''\ ^"^^^^^ ^^^ ^^l--^ ^-es coarserl- rhaps it ib more closely related to the real Jlenestko PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 381 albula of Greeulaud, wbiolij according to Jeffreys, is distinct from our shell, so named by Gould. These three forms all belong to Menestlio M oiler ( — Liostomia G. O. Sars). Auriculina insculpta ? (Mont.). G. 0. Sars, oj). cit., p. 204, j)l. 11, figs. 11, 12; pi. xviii, fig. 38 (operculum). A single dead and i^robably immature specimen, which I refer doubt- fully to this species, was taken at station 892, in 487 fathoms. It agrees nearly, in form and sculpture, with the figure (12) given by Sars, but our shell is shorter, ovate-fusiform. There are five slightly convex whorls ; the anterior half of the body-whorl is covered with distinct, fine, spiral grooves ; nuclear whorl rounded, rather large, i^artially incurved. Aper- ture narrow-ovate ; a slight fold on the columella ; no umbilicus. Diaphana Brown, 1827 (restricted) ; H. & A. Adams. Utrlculus {pars) Brown, 111. Brit. Conch., 1844 (wow Scliumacher, 1817). Utricuhis G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 285. In 1827 Brown proposed the name Diaphana for certain species of shells figured by him (but not described), which now are known to belong partly to the restricted modern genus Utriculus and partly to Amphi- sphyra Loven, 1846. But he did not then define the genus, and in a later edition of his work (1844) he discarded the name and substituted Utri- culus for it.* But Utriculus had been used by Schumacher, in 1817, for a different genus {Conidw). Loven's name {AmpldspJiyra), established by him for Brown's second section of Utriculus, should, therefore, be re- tained for that group, which is a good genus. Diaphana and Utriculus, as used by Brown, were absolutely synouj-mous, but Diaphana, as used by G. O. Sars, is a sj'uonym of Amphisphyra. In its original sense, Dia- phana might be rejected, because undefined. But since Utriculus had been preoccupied, it seems necessary to retain Diaphana for the first section of Brown's genus, corresponding nearly with Utriculus of G. O. Sais. This is also in accordance with the nomenclature in H. & A. Adams's Genera of Shells. The absence of an odontophore in Diaphana H. «& A. Adams = Utri- culus Sars, is certainly a very important character by which the genus can easily be distinguished from Gylichna and Amphisphyra. But this genus cannot always be distinguished from Cylichna by the shell alone. On that aijcount Loven, Jeffreys, and other able conchologists have re- ferred some of the species of ^^ Utriculus" to Cylichna. Diaphana nitidula (Lov6n) Verrill. Cipichna nitidula Lov(5u, op. cit., p. 142, 1846. Utriculus iiiiidulus G. 0. Sars, op. cit., yt. 286, i)l. 17, fig. 13; j)l. 26, fig. 3; j)l. xi, figs. 6 a, 6 6 (gizzard, «fcc.). This shell has been dredged by us in several localities in deep water off the coast of New England and ISTova Scotia, and by Mr. Whiteaves in the Gulf of Saint Lawrewce. This season it was taken at stations 891, 892, and 894, in 305 to 500 fathoms. * This change was probably first made' in the edition of 1834, which I am unable to consult. 382 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. It is a small, very smooth, white shell, in form closely resembling young specimens of Cyliclina alha, for which it may easily be mistaken. It lacks the fine spiral lines usually seen on the latter, and is rather more narrowed posteriorly. The apex of the spire is occupied by a shal- low depression, and there is no umbilicus. Diaphana gemma Verrill. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 399, Nov., 1880. Shell oblong, suboval, widest a little in front of the middle, truncate posteriorly and obliquely rounded anteriorly, with a distinct umbilicus, and also with a narrow, deep pit at the apex. Texture of shell rather solid, somewhat thickened. Outer lip rising somewhat above the spire, forming a rounded posterior angle ; throughout most of its length only slightly convex, often nearly straight ; anteriorly, a little expanded and produced, well rounded, thickened. Inner lip more thickened, with the edge a little revolute, but leaving a small and regular umbilicus. Aperture narrow posteriorly, ovate anteriorly. Surface smooth and glossy, without any sculpture over the middle region, but with several well-defined, not crowded, but fine spiral grooves at each end, visible with a lens. Color grayish white. Length, 4.2"""; breadth, 2.5'""'. Stations 871 and 873, 100 to 115 fathoms, fine sand, south of Martha's Vineyard and Newport, E. I. I have had no opportunity to examine the animal of this species, and refer it to Diaphana, provisionally, because of its resemblance to D. umhil- icata. It may prove to be a Cylichna. It has some resemblance to C. occulta Mighels (= C. propinqiia Sars). The latter is, however, destitute both of the pit at the summit of the spire and of the umbilicus, and its surface is everywhere covered with distinct spiral»lines. Our shell is shorter and stouter than D. unibilicata. Diaphana conulus (Desli.). Ufriculus conulus G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 287, pi. 17, figs. 17 a-c. A perfect living specimen of this very distinct species was taken at station 870, in 155 fathoms. It has not been recorded hitherto from the American coast. AmpMsphyra globosa Lr,v6ii, 1846. DiapJuina glohosa G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 290, pi. 18, figs. 3c, 4; pi. xi, fig. 12 (dentition). Specimens agreeing in all respects with Sars's figures, referred to above, were dredged at stations 870, 871, and 894, in 115 to 365 fathoms, south of Martha's Vineyard and Newport. Amphisphyra psllucida (Brown) Lov^n, 1846. Diaphana X)dluc\da Brown, 111. Recent Conch., pi. 19, figs. 10, 11, 1827. Bulla h'yaUna Turton, Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 3.33, 1834 {-non Gmelin). Bulla dehilis Gonkl, Invert. Mass., ed. i, p. 164, fig. 95, 1841. Utricitlus hyaUnus Jfeftreys, Brit. Conch., iv, j». 427 ; v, pi. 94, fig. 7. Diaphana hyalina G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 289, pi. 18, figs. 1 a, h; pi. xi, fig. 10 (dentition). Diaphana dchiUs Gould, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 216, fig. 507. This species occurred at stations 87C and 894, in 120 and 365 fathoms. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 383 The name peUucida clearly Kas priority for this species, and should be adopted; moreover, hyaUna had been previously used. Jeffreys, al- though he admits the priority of Brown's name, claims that it is " obso- lete" because no one has used it, "except its author". But Loven, A. Adams and others have correctly adopted it. Moreover, Jeffreys him- self does not apply this idea in regard to "obsolete" names in many other cases^ as, for example, in the case of Margarita olivacea (Brown), an " obsolete" name revived by him to replace argentata Gould. Cylichna Gouldii (Couth.) Verrill. Bulla GouldU Coutliony, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 181, pi. 4, fig. fi, 1838. Utriculus Gouldii Stimpson.—Gould, Invert. Mass. (second ed.), p. 217, fig. 508. Living specimens of this species, of large size and in considerable numbers, were dredged by us in 1879, off Cape Cod, and especially on the sandy portions of Stellwagen's Bank, Massachusetts Bay, in 15 to 25 fathoms. An examination of the animal shows that it has a gizzard, with cal- careous plates, while its dentition agrees with Cylichna, to which it should be referred, notwithstanding the character of the spire of the shell. The median teeth are deeply bilobed ; the inner lateral ones large and hooked; outer laterals four on each side, slender, spiuiform. This species is very distinct from Diapliana pertennis {=J3nllaper- tenuis Migh.), with which it has sometimes been confounded. The latter occurred at station 894. Philine amabilis Verrill. Amer. Journ. Sei., sx, p. 398, Nov., 1880. Animal large, about an inch long, even in alcoholic specimens. In preserved specimens the anterior lobe is large, oblong, truncate behind, obtusely pointed in front, slightly narrowed backward; lateral lobes large; posteriorly the thin membrane covering the shell projects back- wards beyond it, and its free edge is divided into several wide, but short, lobes ; foot large. Odontophore with a large inner lateral, hook-shaped tooth on each side, having its inner edge very finely serrulate and each of its lateral edges bordered by a sharp ridge ; outside of these there is on each side a single, very much smaller, slender, spiuiform, very sharp, slightly bent tooth. Shell large, but exceedingly thin and delicate, diaphanous, lustrous, and iridescent, with a very wide aperture. The outline is broad-oblong^ rounded at both ends; the outer lip, forming the greater part of the shell, is evenly rounded posteriorly, and scarcely projects beyond the level of the spire; in the middle it projects forward in a regular curve, and recedes rapidly in front, where it also becomes slightly broader, and forms a very obtuse, rounded angle ; the anterior end is broadly rounded and very much cut away, so that in an end view, from the front, the whole interior of the spire is visible. The inner lip is thin and shari>- 384 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. edged, aud recedes in a broad curve anteriorly, so that the body of the shell is relatively very small. There is a small, shallow pit in the place of the spire. Sculpture inconspicuous; many lines of growth, and very fine, wavy, spiral strios, visible with a lens, cover the whole surface, which has a glistening and opalescent or pearly luster. Length of the entire animal, 25"°^ or more; length of shell, 15™™; breadth of shell, 10™'". Several living specimens from station 876, about 100 miles south of Newport, R. I., in 120 fathoms. This is one of the largest species of the genus, and one of the most beautiful and delicate. Philine Finmarchica M. Sars. G. O. Sars, o]}. cit., p. 298, pi. 18, figs. 10 a-d; pi. xii, fig. 1 a,h (deutition). Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, fine sand, 1877 ; 70 to 75 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, 05 to 192 fathoms. Philine fragilis G. O. Sars. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 298, -p]. 18, figs. 11 a-c ; -pi. xii, fig. 2 (dentition). Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, fine, compact sand, 1877; Jeffrey's Ledge, Gulf of Maine, 88 to 92 fathoms, ] 874, several large living specimens. Philine cingulata G. O. Sars. G. O. Sars, op. cit., j). 297, pi. 28, figs. 7 a-c; pi. xii, fig. 3. Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, with the preceding. Taken this season at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 365 fathoms. These four species of Philine are new to the American coasts Prob- ably additional species of this genus will be detected when all our col- lections shall have been fully examined. Pleurobranchasa tarda Verrill. Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 398, Nov., 1880. Body subovate, stout, thick, often nearly half as broad as long, usually less, tapering backward and blunt x>osteriorly ; front broad, convex or subtruncate ; back more or less convex or swollen in the middle, with the surface wrinkled or irregularly reticulated, with the sunken lines brown, the reticulations smaller posteriorly. Dorsal ten- tacles short, stout, wide apart, ear-like, subtubular, having a slit on the outer side, with the edges often rolled in. Gill rather large, well exposed in a dorsal view, situated on the right side, behind the middle, aud equal in length to nearly one-fourth the body, plumose, bipinnate, with 15 or 16 pinnte on the upper side. Foot broad, often nearly as i^ide as the mantle, subtruncate or rounded in front, narrowed and obtuse posteriorly, ordinarily not extending beyond the mantle. The mantle edge is but little i)rominent, except along the right side. Proboscis protruded in most of the specimens, large, thick, obtusely tapered close to the end, which is emarginate, showing the large odontoi)hore in a PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 385 broad, vertical iiotdi. Reproductive organs large and prominent; tbe two oritices are situated on a large tubercle in front of the gill. The male organ, in extension, is long, slender, usually curled, truncate, about equal in length to half the breadth of the bodj-5 it is a tubular organ, with a slit along the lower side, formed by the rolling up of a long, thin, membranous process. At the posterior edge of the tubercle there is a shorter, flat-pointed process, connected with the female organs. Color of dorsal surface yellowish brown, lighter or darker, and reticulated v.ith dark brown, often specked with flake white; gill and proboscis dark purplish brown ; the proboscis with a darker dorsal patch ; tenta- cles sometimes crossed by dark brown bauds. Foot salmon-color. 0(lonto]>hore very large and broad, with 150 to 170 rows of teeth; no median teeth; all the teeth are similar in structure, and show only a gradual change in form and size from the inner to the outer ones. The inner ones are elongated, slightly curved, narrow-lanceolate, with a very acute point and with a smaller, narrow, sharp denticle on the inner edge, parallel to but sliorter than the main point ; the outer teeth grad- ually become shorter, blunter, with a smaller denticle, which finally nearly disappears. Length, usually 30'"'" to 40'""; breadth, 10""" to 11'"'". About 20 miles south of Block Island (stations 814 to 817), in 38 fathoms; about 70 to 74 miles south of Martha's Vineyard (stations 805 to 872), in 65 to 192 fatJioms, fine, compact sand, very abundant (140 specimens). Also 90 to 100 miles south of Newport, R. I., in 85 to 225 fathoms (stations 873 to 879). Closely resembles Pleurohranchwa Novce- Zcalandiw in form and color. The latter is a littoral species. Derdronotus eJegans Yeniil, sp. nov. Form and general appearance nearly as in D. arborescens, but rather more slender. Branchije with rather longer stems and less numerous branches than in the latter, but similarlj- arranged. Tentacle sheaths with the terminal lobes not so finely divided, and with a smaller branch on the outer side, near the base. Frontal processes of the head numer- ous, large, with elongated stems, and not so much branched as in D. arhorcscens. Color everywhere nearly uniform pale salmon ; tentacles more yellowish. The dentition is peculiar and distinguishes it easily from both our other species. Median tooth stout, smooth, entirely desti- tute of lateral denticles ; its free portion, in a dorsal view, is broad-trian- gular, almost as broad as long, acute at tip; base transversely elliptical, a little broader than the free portion. Lateral teeth about ten on each side, slender, the outer two or three shorter, blunt or subacute; the others are successively longer and larger, and each has a more acute and more oblique tip than those that precede it, except the inner one, which has a shorter tip, with longer spinules. These lateral teeth are rather suddc'idj' curved inward where they begin to taper, and beyond the curve the tip becomes nearly straight again, and very acute, Avhile the anterior edge of the curvature is covered with slender, sharp spiimles. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 25 ®ec. S3, 18 8©. 383 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The dentition of this species is very different from that of D. rolmstus and B. arborescens. Both of these have the median teeth serrated, and different in form; the latter has broader and less acnte lateral teeth. Off Cape Cod (station 330), 26 fathoms, September G, 1879. Doris complanata Verrill. Amer. Jomn. Sci., xx, p. 399, Nov., 1880. Body depressed, broad-elliptical, well ronnded, both in front and be- hind, the mantle extending much beyond the foot all around, its edge usually undulated. The lower side of the mantle is stiffened with spic- ules; upper surface slightly convex, nearly smooth, but covered with small, rather distant, and but slightly prominent, conical elevations. Dorsal tentacles large, stout, subclavate (not seen in full extension), with very numerous, crowded, thin, high, lamelliform plications or folds over the entire upper portion ; retractile into cavities having plain, sharp edges Gills large, the two lower, on each side, partially conduent at base, bipinnately and tripinnately divided, retractile into a large com- mon cavity, which has plain edges. Anal papilla a prominent, cylin- drical tube in the center of the branchial wreath. Foot relati /ely small, obtusely rounded posteriorly, emargiuate in front, and with a transverse sulcus on the front edge. Head small, rounded in front, with a free, short, thick, ovate tentacle on each side. Odontophore broad, with about seventy to eighty rows of teeth ; no median teeth ; about twenty- two to twenty-four lateral teeth, on each side, are stout, hook- shaped, with sharp points, and a slight lobe on the outer curvature and another on the inner side ; outside of these there are twelve or more shorter, flattened teeth, with obtuse or rounded, incurved, and sharply denticu- lated or spinulated ends; the outermost teeth are smallest. Length, 50"""; breadth, 25™"\ Color, above, dull yellowish brown to dusky brown, irregularly finely specked and blotched with dark brown ; gills dark brown. About 70 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, station 872, ni 85 fathoms, flmong sponges (eleven specimens). This large species is closely related to D. JoJinstoni and D. plrmata of Europe. It differs from both in its dentition, in having stouter and blunter dorsal tentacles, with more numerous lamell«, and in having shorter and blunter oral tentacles. Polycerella Verrill, geu. iiov. Body elongated-ovate, having the same form as Pohjcera. Mantle little developed. Dorsal tentacles (rhinophores) not laminated and not retractile, without sheaths. A row of papilhie along each side of the back, extending beyond the gills. Gills three, pinnate, situated in the middle of the back, nearly as in Fohjcera. Foot auricled. Odontophore with six rows of teeth ; median row absent ; inner laterals large, curved, with three denticles ; two outer rows much smaller, simi)le, hook-shaped. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 387 Polycerella Emertoni Vcrrill, sp. nor. Body small, elongated-ovate, rather narrow, somewhat angular, about as Iiigli as broad, sometimes higher than broad, tapered and somewhat acute i^osteriorly, narrowed a little at the neck. Head high, convex above, sometimes bilobed, but often rounded in front, capable of chang- ing its form to a great extent, the part in front of the dorsal tentacles being capable of considerable elongation and of contracting to a truncate form. Foot high and narrow, obtuse posteriorly, the anterior angles prolonged into short but prominent auricles, often curved backward and pointed, at other times short and blunt. Dorsal tentacles rather long, not retractile, but capable of considerable contraction ; in extension their length is often equal to the breadth of the neck; they are fusiform or subclavate, blunt, smooth or showing only slight, transverse, irregular wrinkles, changeable in form, sometimes nearly cylindrical, at other times swollen iu the middle or toward the tii). Edge of the mantle indicated only by a slight, often crenulated, ridge along each side and around the head. Above this edge there is a row of small papillre, of which two on each side are in advance of the dorsal tentacles ; two are opposite to them, and four or five on each side occui)y the space between the tenta- cles and gills ; a row of five or six, on each side, extends beyond the gills to near the end of the body, the posterior ones becoming very small. Behind the gills there are three or four pairs of larger and longer pa- pillae, situated more dorsally; of these the two pairs next to the gills are lougest, and are often nearly equal to the dorsal tentacles in size and length ; they are usually somewhat swollen in the middle and blunt at the tip. Two or three pairs of much smaller papilloe are situated on the back, in front of the gills. Gills three, narrow, elongated, pinnate, subplumose, not finely divided, curved backward, not retractile, about equal in length to the dorsal tentacles; the pinnse are few, alternate, generally incurved, those toward the base more slender. Color yellowish green to olive-green, varied with lemon-yellow, and blotched and specked with darker green or blackish ; foot, tentacles, gills, and dorsal papillie lighter greenish yellow, sparingly specked with dark green. Length, o""" to G™'"; breadth, 1™'"; height, 1.12'^'"j length of rhiuo- phores, .88'"". The odontophore is very minute. The teeth of the inner row, on each side, are relatively very large and long, stout, with the shaft bent back- ward and the end abruptly curved forward and divided into two sharp denticles ; another sharp denticle is situated laterally, below the others. The two outer lateral rows of teeth are much smaller and less than half the length of the inner ones, nearly equal in size and form, simple, stronglj^ curved forward, and very acute. This species was first taken by the writer at Wood's Holl in September, 1875, at the surface, among eel-grass ', and on hydroids from the piles of Long Wharf, New Haven, Conn., October, 1875. At Newport, R. L, it has been found several times by Mr. J. H. Emertou and the writer, in 388 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. July and August, on filamentous algfe, especially Ceramium rv.hrnin, growing on the mooring buoys and piles of wharves in the harbor. In confinement it often leaves the algfe and creeps at the surface of the water, foot upward. The eggs of this species were laid in confinement, July 24, at New- port, E. I. They form a long, narrow, oblong or strap-shaped, white mass, attached by one edge to filamentous algiej the eggs are arranged in numerous rows. Coryphella nobilis Verrill, sp. nov. A large and elongated species, with stout dorsal tentacles and large, flattened, pale-salmon dorsal j)apillie. Foot broad, elongated, tapering and acute posteriorlj- ; anterior angles considerably elongated, in the form of acute tapering processes, having a distinct longitudinal groove or fold. Head rather small, rounded, in front slightly convex, or nearly straight, lower side concave. Oral tentacles very stout, flattened, gib- bous near the end, with a small, somewhat upturned, round, acute tip. Dorsal tentacles (rhinophores) very large and stout, arising close to- gether, longer than the oral ones, tapered, subacute, thickly covered with small, conical i^apillae or warts. No eyes could be detected. Dor- sal papillce arranged in numerous transverse, oblique rows, each of eight to ten or more papillie (except posteriorly); they are small and much crowded along the sides 5 the upi^er ones are much longer, stout, mostl3^ flattened, widest beyond the middle, tapering to the lanceolate tip. Color of foot and body translucent white; on the back there are visible, through the integument, salmon-colored vessels, running from one group of dorsal papillae to another and connecting with their nuclei ; the dorsal papilhie are pellucid white externally, with a pale- salmon nucleus, becoming paler and whitish near the tip ; dorsal tenta- cles pale yellowish green ; oral ones pellucid white. Length, about 63""", or 2.5 inches ; length of dorsal tentacles, 15™"' (.G inch); of longest dorsal papillie, 12'"™ (.5 inch). The odontophore has a central row of large teeth, with a moderately prominent, acute, central denticle, and usually six smaller denticles on each side ; lateral teeth without distiiict denticles on the edge, rather large, wide at the base, which is emarginate, the outer lobe extending further bacli:, inner edge slightly wavy and uneven, but not denticulate. Off" Cape Cod, in 75 fathoms, mud and broken sliells, 1879. One speci- men only. In form and color this species resembles Q. salmonacea, but the latter, which occurs at Eastport, Me., has the dorsal papillae more crowded, and its dentition is very different, for the lateral teeth are strongly denti- culated along the edge to near the tip. Coryphella Stimpsoni Verrill. Cuthona Stimpsoni Verrill, Atncr. Journ. Sci., xvii, p. 314; Trans. Conn. Acad., V, pi. 42, lig. 14. The dentition of this species is peculiar, but agrees better with that PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389 of Corypliclla tban with that of any of the related genera. It was orig- inally referred to Cuthona on account of the lateral expansions of the head. The odontophore is remarkably high and narrow ; the central teeth are dark brown, large, strong, witli the median point very large, compressed, and curved forward, projecting far beyond the small, sharp, lateral denticles, of which there are usually eight or nine on each side ; lateral teetb thin, pale, comparatively small, narrow, acute, without any denticles, or rarely with some very small ones near the base, which is rounded and but little expanded. This species occurs from Massachusetts Bay to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and from low-water to 50 fathoms. Facelina Bostouiensis (Coutliouy) Venill & Emerton. This species has been very much misunderstood, and totally different species* have often been confounded with it. It is, however, very easily distinguished from all of our other species. It is the only known species from the Kew England coast that has the dorsal tentacles dis- tinctly laminated or plicated. It is a true Facelina^ having only a single row of teeth, with the cen- tral denticle prominent. It is common from above 1ow-m ater to 20 fathoms, on Ohelia and other hydroids, from Massachusetts Bay to Block Island and Newport, E. I. This season it occurred abundantly among Ohelia geniculata, on Lami- nar ia, oft' Block Island, in 18 to 20 fathoms, associated with large num- bers of LameUidoris muricata. This species is very closely related to the European species, Facelina Bnuiimomlii (Thomp., 1843) and F. elegans (Alder & Hancock). Facelina pilata (Gould) Verrill & Emertou. In its dentition this species agrees closely with the preceding, having but a single row of teeth, of nearly the same form. It should be referred properly to Facelina, although it does not agree strictly with the diagnoses of that genus, especially in respect to the lamination of the dorsal tentacles, which are, in this species, nearly smooth. This character is, however, variable in this genus, the lamina? being very prominent in F. coronata, rudimentary in F. elegans, and absent in F. pilata. Cratena Veronicae Verrill, sp. nov. Size moderate, about 25^"™ in length, rather stout. Dorsal papillie cylindrical, obtuse, moderately slender, arranged in twelve to fifteen regular transverse series on each side, the middle ones containing eight to ten or more i3apill8e; anterior groups smaller, situated well forward, * The species described by Bergh (Anat. Bid. til Kundskab. om ^olidierue, p. 102, pi. 5 a, 1884) under the name of Comjphella Bostoniensis is entirely distinct. It has three rows of teeth, and is closely related to Corypliella Mananensis Verrill (Stimpsou 8p.), common on our northern coasts. 390 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. in front of the dorsal tentacles. Oral and dorsal tentacles nearly equal in length, moderately long, tapered, blunt. The dorsal tentacles appear slightly \Yrinkled transversely. Eyes black, conspicuous, near together, just behind the bases of the dorsal tentacles. Foot narrow, with broad, rounded anterior angles. Head moderately large, its outline nearly semicircular in front, and projecting considerably in advance of tlie bases of the oral tentacles. Color variable. In some specimens the nuclei of the dorsal pai^illse and the biliary ducts from them are dark green, the nuclei appearing to belobulated orfloculent; the outer sheath is translucent whitish, with an interruiited streak of ilake-white on the distal half, and with unequal specks and spots of the same scattered over the surface, w^hile on the outer side, near the end, there is a patch of orange ; tip translucent white. In front of tlie bases of the dorsal tentacles there is a dark green patch. Tentacles white. In other specimens, taken at the same time, the nuclei of the dorsal papillae were salmon-colored, but the subterminal patch of orange and the streak and specks of flake-white were as in the green variety ; the body was translucent white ; dorsal tentacles white, tinged or faintly reticulated with flake-white ; oral tentacles with a streak of flake-white on the posterior side. Odontophore narrow, with a single row of teeth ; these have thirteen sharp denticles, the median one scarcely as long as those next to it ; the anterior border of the tooth is nearly semicircular, with a notch on each side near the outer ends, which run backward, as short processes, some- what enlarged and emarginate at the end. Oft' Cape Cod (station 328), in 23 fathoms, among hydroids, September 6, 1879. This species is nearest allied to Craieiia olivacea (Alder & Hancock), but differs in the form of its teeth, as well as in its coloration. It is also allied to Cratena viridis, of Europe. In case either of the older names {CanoUna and Montagua) be retained for this group, this species should be so named. But both of these names having been jirevaously used for other genera, they should be discarded. Cratena gymnota (Couthouy) Verrill & Emerton. Montagua Gouldii Verrill, luvcrt. Viuey. Sound, p. 667 (author's copies, p. 373), 1873. This species, which is common on littoral hydroids, from Massachu- setts Bay to Kew Haven, Conn., is a typical Cratena Bergh* (= Cavo- I'ma Alder & Hancock = Mo7itagua auth.), and is very closely allied to C. aurantiam (A. & H.) of Europe, with which its dentition agrees very nearly, even in minute details. In C. gymnota the coloration, also, is often similar to that of C. aurantiaca, but the dorsal papill* are fewer * In tlie excellent work of G. O. Sars this generic name has been, by some oversight, misapi)liecl, in place of Cuthona, to include C. nana, which was the original type of Cuthona Alder & Hancock. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 391 and longer, and their clusters are less numerous and less crowded. In case it be thought necessary to unite the two forms, Couthouy's name has priority. Tergipes despectus (Joliust.) Alder & Hancock. The genuine despectus was distinguished from G. exigua by Mr. J. H. Emerton, at Salem, Mass., in 1879, when he made characteristic draw- ings of both and xjreparations of the odontophores, which I have exam- ined. During the present year he has found the former near Newiiort, B. I., on hydroids (ObeUa) at low-water. The species described and figured by Gould (Binuey's edition) under this name is really the Gal- viiiia exigua Alder & Hancock, difieriug widely in its dentition, there being three rows of teeth, instead of the single row, seen in Tergipes. But the T. despectus of my report on Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound, 1873, was correctly named. Both species are found under the same con- ditions, but, according to Mr. Emerton, G. exigua is found in the spring and early summer, while T. despectus occurs later in the summer and in autumn. Acmasa rubella? (Fabr.). Tectura nthella G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 121, pi. 8, figs. 5 a, h ; pi. ii, fig. 11 (dentitiou).—Jefl'reys, Adu. aud Mag. Nat. Hist., for ilarch, 1877, p. 231. One specimen, without the animal, was dredged at station 894. It appears to agree closely with the species referred to,' except that the apex is not obtuse, aud its color is pale yellowish white. There is no sculpture except irregular and rather distinct lines of growth. The apex is acute, bent directly backward, aud situated at about the pos- terior fourth. The base is oblong-oval. Length, 5.5'"™ j height, 2.75™'". HETEEOPODA. Carinaria Atlautica Ad. & Reeve (?). Fragments occurred at station 865. They may have belonged to C. Mediterranea. Atalanta Peronii Lesueur. D'Orbigny, Voy. Km€v. M6rid., Moll., p. 171, pi. 12, figs. 1-15; Hist. ITslo de Cuba, Moll., i, p. 102, 1853. Near George's Banlv, latitude 41o 25' north, longitude 05° 5' to Go'^ 30' west (Messrs. S. I. Smith and O. Harger, 1872). PTEROPODA. Although the Pteropods are all, properly speaking, oceanic species, it is undoubtedly true that a certain group of species will be found to be characteristic of the waters adjacent to each coast. Hitherto tliose ob- served and recorded from near the shores of New England have been chiefly northern or arctic species, which follow the course of the arctic current along our coast. For this reason, in the winter and spring, the beautiful Clione papilionacea is frequently found as far south as Vineyard 392 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sound and the shores of Eliode Island. The Spirialis Gouldii Stimp. is probably also an arctic species, and is very closely related to, if not identical with, 8. halea of the Arctic Ocean.* There are, however, a few of the more tropical species that have been already recorded as occa- sionally cast ashore dead, upon the southern shores of New England. Of these Diacria trlspinosa and CavoUna tridcntata are the most com- mon. Of the former, I have also received numerous examj)les, with the animal in good condition, obtained by Mr. Samuel Powell, at Newjiort, El. I., several years ago, from the stomach of a blue-fish. This season two living specimens of it were taken off Block Island by Messrs. Y. N. Edwards and N. P. Scudder, of our party. The fresh shells of this spe- cies were dredged by us in 1871, near Martha's Yineyard, and this year we found it in abundance and perfectly fresh, in all our outer dredgings, 70 to 100 miles oil' shore. It was associated with Diacria trispinosa Gray and several other species, named below, but was far more numerous than any of the others. The following species are here introduced because of their common occurrence, evidently in large numbers, within a few miles of our coast. Several of them have not been recorded from so far north before, even in mid-ocean. Cavolina longirostris (Les. MSS., Bv.) H. & A. Atl. Hyalcea longirostris Blainv., Diet. Sci. Nat., xxii, p. 81.—Kaug, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 41, pi. 2. figs. 7-10, 1852. Carolina loiigirostra Gray, Catal. Moll. Brit. Mus., Pteropoda, p. 8. This small but elegant species occurred frequently in our dredgings, but not in large numbers (stations 867, 870, 876, 891, 891, &c.). Cavolina uncinata (D'Orb. ) Gray, 1850 ; H. & A. Ad. Hyalcoa uncinata D'Orb., 1836.—Raug, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 37, j)!. 2, figs. 11- 14, 1852. This occurred in many localities, with the last. Our specimens differ from the figures referred to in having the median posterior spine more hooked and more abruptly bent, so as to make nearly a right angle with the shell. Cavolina inflexa (Les.) Gray. Hijalwa inflexa Lesneur; Blaiuv., Diet. Sci. Nat., xxii, p. 80. One perfect and full-grown specimen from station 894. Clio pyramidata Browne ; Linu6; Gmelin. Cleodora pyramidata Peron & Les. ; Lamarck. Cleodora lanceolafa Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., xvi, p. 497, pi. 19, fig. 1. Clio pyramidata Gray, Catal. Moll. Brit. Mus., Pteropoda, p. 12, 1850. Several fresh but somewhat broken specimens of this species occurred at stations 865, 891 to 894. * It is very distinct from S. retroversus, to which Jeffreys has formerly referred it. Both the figure and description give it spiral lines, while the latter is very smooth. G. O. Sars identifies it with S. halea. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 393 Balantium recurvum Cliiltlren. Journ. Roy. Inst., xv, p. 220, pi. 7, fig. 1C7, 1829.—Gray, Ccat.il. Moll. Brit. Mus., Pteropoda, p. 14, 1850. Clcodora balantium Raug, Mag. Zool., 1834 ; Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 52, pi. 5, fig. 12; pi. X, fig. 7, 1852. Fragments occurred at stations 865 and SQO. Styliola recta (Lesueur, MSS.) Blainv., Man. Mai., 1825. Creseis acicula Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 318, pi. 17, fig. 6, 1828. Creseis clava Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 317, pi. 17, fig. 5, 1828. Creseis acus Esch., Zool. Atlas, iii, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1831. Cleodora acicula Rang, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 56, pi. 7, figs. 5,7,1852. Near George's Bank, latitude 41° 25', longitude 65° 5' to 05° 30', Sep- tember, 1872, at surface (Messrs. S. I. Smith and O. Harger). Styliola virgula (Rang) Gray. Creseis virgula Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 316, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1828. Cleodora virgula Rang, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 57, pi. 13, figs. 20-24, 1852. Near George's Bank,, with the preceding. Spinalis MacAiidrei Forbes & Hanley, ii, p. 384. S^iirialis retroversus (Flem.), variety f MacAndrei, JeflTreys, Brit. Coucli., v, p. 115, pi. 4, fig. 4 ; pi. 98, fig. 5.—G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 330, pi. 29, figs. 3 a-f; pi. xvi, fig. 19 (dentition). Several entire and perfectly fresh specimens occurred at station 894. They agree with the form called var. MacAndrei by Jeffreys. Cymbulia calceolus Verrill. Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 394, Nov., 1880. Test thick, transparent, broad-ovate or elliptical, rounded at both ends, covered, above and below, with low, rounded verructe ; aperture large, occupying more than half the length of the test, broad-ovate, posterior margin nearly straight; edges simple, unarmed. Animal pale pink, with a brown nucleus ; fins very large, connate, broadly rounded ; their outline taken together forms a long ellipse, considerably louger and somewhat broader than the test. Length of test of a medium-sized specimen, in alcohol, lO"""; breadth, ll""'; expanse of fins, 23'"'"; their breadth, 12""'". The largest specimens have the test about 40'"'" long, 20'"'" broad. Stations 805 to 872 (near the surface), common; about 30 miles east-southeast of Block Island, at surface, October 2, 1880 (Messrs. Scudder and Edwards). Halopsyche Verrill, nom. nov. Psyche Rang, 1825 (wow Psyche Linnd, 1735, nee Psyche Sclirank, 1801). The name Psyche having been twice used before it was employed by Bang, it will be necessary to substitute another name for this genus of Pteropods. I therefore propose Halopsyche. Tbe type, and only known species, Halopsyclie glohulosa (Bang), inhabits the waters of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. 394 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SOLENOCONCHA. Dentaliuni occidentale Stimi). Shells of Now Eugland, 1851 (based on D. dentale Gould, 1st ed., p. 155, fig, 5, not of European authors). DentaUum dentale Gould, Invert, of Mass., 2d ed., p. 230. DentaUum ahyssorum M. Sars, 1858. DentaUum striolatum Jeffreys (non Stimpson). Antalis striolata G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv.,p. 101, pi. 7, fig. 1; pi. 20, figs. 10 a, h ; pi. 1, figs. 1 a-c, dentition {non Stimpson sp.). This species is abundant on muddy bottoms, in 50 to 300 fatlioms, all along the coast of l^ew England and IS^ova Scotia. Mr. Jeffreys, misled by a singular and unaccountable mistake, has constantly applied to this sulcated species the name given by Stimj^soii to our common, shallow-water, nearly smooth form. In this mistake G. O. Sars and others have followed him. The question as to the specific distinctness of these two forms I do not propose to discuss at this time, but it is equally desirable that the respective names should be correctly ajiplied, whether we regard the forms as varieties or species. Of D. striolatum^ I have dredged thou- sands of specimens in shallow water in the Bay of Fundy, in the same region where Stimpson's original specimens were taken, and amojig them no specimens of "i>. occidentale^^ are to be found. In other localities, how- ever, both species occur together. Both were taken this season on the outer banks, off Newport. But D. occidentale was by far the most com- mon, and was abundant in the deeper stations, where i>. striolatum did not occur at all. Among the specimens taken by us there are many that are more strongly ribbed and sulcated than usual, the ribs being more or less angular and elevated. In some of these, which are slender and about an inch long, the internal surfiice of the shell has grooves corresj^onding to the external ribs, the shell being thin, but of uniform thickness, so that the two surfaces are parallel. In others of the same size the bore of the shell is smooth and round, the shell being thickened opposite the ribs. I am not prepared, however, to say that this is anything more than a varietal difference. The form of the posterior notch varies in all our species (or varieties) from a shallow notch to a triangular cut, and even to a deep slit. Siphonodentalium vitreum Sars. G. O. Sars, op. cit.,p. 103, pi. 7, figs. 2 a-c; pi. i, figs. 2 «-/ (dentition).—Yer- rill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, fig. 19. A fine, large specimen, jjrobably belonging to this species, was dredged by the party on the " Bache ", in 1873, in the Gulf of Maine (station 12 B), in 60 fathoms, mud. The shell is smooth, round, very thin, transparent, and lustrous. It is slightly curved and exi)ands gradually to the anterior end. The pos- terior oj)ening is small and round, without lobes, but it probably has PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395 been broken off squarely. Length, 12"""; diameter of larger end, 2.5"""; of Ruiall end, .5"™. Another specimen of similar character, 10""^' long and 2.5'"'" broad, was dredged in the Gulf of Maine, 107 fathoms (station 9 B), 1873. With the last-named specimen there was, however, a perfect living specimen, 7""" long and 2'"'" broad, having the posterior end perfect and provided with the characteristic digitations around the opening. Sipliouentalis aflinis (Sars). G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 104, j)l. 20, fig. 1'2.—Yemll, Trans. Couu, Acad., v, j)l. 42, figs. 20 a-b. A specimen smaller and more slender than the preceding species, and which I refer to ^S*. offinis, was dredged by us, iu 1877, in Bedford Basin, near Halifax, Nova Scotia, 35 fathoms, soft mud. It is 6""" in length, 1"'™ in breadth, slightly curved, round, smooth, glossy, and trans- lucent. The posterior opening is small and appears to be perfect; it shows only a faint indication of a notch on the convex side. Siphonentalis Lofotensis (M. Sars). G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 104, pi. 20, figs. 11 a, I; pi. i, fig. 3. A few specimens that agree well with the figures and description of this species were taken at station 891, in 500 fathoms. It is longer and more tapered than the last, and much !*^ss translucent. Cadulus propinquu.s G. O. Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., j). 106, pi. 20, figs. 1.') a, h ; pi. i, fig 5 (deutitiou). This shell occurred iu considerable numbers, living, at station 871, in 115 fathoms. It is a small, polished species, rather stciter and more swollen than the next. Cadulus Jeffreysii Monterosato. Cadnlus sul)fiis\formisf Jeffreys, British Couch., v, p. 196, i\ 101, fig. 3 {non Sars, teste Mouter.). Several specimens of a small Cadulus, somewhat swollen in the middle and rather strongly bent, I refer to the above species. Che posterior aperture is simple iu most of them, but slightly notched ii others. Station 871. Cadulus Pandionis Verrill & Smith. Auier. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 397, Nov., 1880. A very much larger, highly polished species occurred ai many of the stations, but most abundantly at 8G9 to 871 and 873 to 877 iu 85 to 192 fathoms. It is swollen on the convex side, in the middle, and slightly angulated or gibbous at about the anterior third. It is transversely elliptical in section ; the anterior end decreases to the aperture, which is oblique, the lip being prolonged on the concave side. Posterior aper- ture small, with a semicircular notch above and below. Length, 10"""; breadth, 2.25'""'; of mouth, 1.75'""'; of i)osterior aperture, .10'"^. 396 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Poromya granulata (Nyst) Forbes & Hanley. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 90, figs. 6 a, 6.—Vorrill, Traus. Conn. Acatl., v, pi. 44, tigs. 3, 4. Several adult liviug examples of this shell were dredged in 1872 by Dr. A. S. Packard and Mr. 0. Cooke, on the Coast Survey steamer "BacUe", in the Gulf of Maine, in 150 fathoms, mud. This season it was taken at station 805, in 05 fathoms. It has not previously been recorded as American. In form and size it somewhat resembles Thracia myopsis, but is easily distinguished by the small granules scattered over the exterior, and by the peculiar hinge, very difiterent from that of Thracia. The right valve has a i)rominent, recurved, cardinal tooth. On the European coast it ranges from the Lofoden Islands to the Mediterranean, in deep water. Poromya rotundata Jeffreys. Anuals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec, 1«7G, p. 494 (Valorous Espeditiou, Mol- Insca). Shell rounded, thin, translucent, pearly within. External surface closely covered with small, rounded, obtuse granules, arranged mostly in close quincunx, and distinctly forming radiating lines, but in some parts appearing to be also in concentric lines. The narrow intervals between these lines of granules show the iridescent surface of the shell. These granules give a shagreen-like appearance to the shell. The gran- ules show tlirough on the inside, giviug a finely tessellated appearance. The shell is but little longer than broad, convex ; ventral and anterior edges evenly rounded; posterior dorsal edge a little sloping, and form- ing an obtusely rounded angle where it meets the curvature of the pos- terior end. Hinge of right valve with a prominent couical tooth, fittiug into a corresponding pit in the left valve. South of Martha's Vineyard, stations 805 and 871, 05 to 115 fathoms, living ; North Atlantic, 1,450 fathoms (Jeffreys). Lyonsiella abyssicola M. Sars; Friele. PecchioUa abyssicola G. O. Sars, Remarkable Forms Anira. Life, i, p. 25, pi. 3, figs. 21-43; Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. lOS, pi. 20, figs. 5 a-d. A few good living specimens of this interesting addition to the Ameri- can fauna were dredged by our iiarty this season, south of Martha's Vineyard and Newport, in 192 to 500 fathoms, fine, compact saud and mud (stations 809, 880, 891, 892, 891). Lyonsiella gemma Verrill, sp. nov. Shell small, iridescent, white, with raised radii, broad oval, widest and broadly rounded anteriorly, expanded and broadly rounded ven- trally, posterior end short, narrowed, and tapered to an obtuse point. The beak is subcentral, but a little nearer tlie anterior end, prominent, intlated, strongly curved inward and forward. Dorsal margin abriii)tly incurved opposite the beaks and decidedly expanded and excurved in PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 397 front of them, so as to rise nearly to a level with the ninbos ; internally, oi)posite the tips of the beaks, there is a smooth swelling within the margin. Hinge margin thin, toothless, but with an internal sear behind the beaks, where the ligament and ossicle were attached (the ligament is gone). Palial sinus very small, angular. Shell less thin than in the preceding species. Sculpture numerous, very delicate, slightly raised lines, which radiate from the beaks over the whole surface ; they are separated by much wider interspaces, which are smooth and iridescent, and not at all excavated. Length, 4.5'""^; height (beak to ventral mar- gin), 4""". One perfect specimen, station 892, 487 fathoms, associated with L. ahyssicola. From the latter it differs widely in shape, having nothing of the rect- angular form so characteristic of that species ; the latter is also much less expanded anteriorly and much more so posteriorly, being far more inequilateral and more elongated. Kennerlia glacialis (Leach) Carpenter. Pandora glacialis Leach, Eosse's Voyage, appendix, p. 174.—Leche, Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., Baud 16, p. 11, pi: 1, figs. 1 a, h, 1878 (author's copy). Living specimens of this arctic shell were dredged at station 873, in 100 fathoms. It had previously been recorded from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Whiteaves, but was not known to occur on the New England coast. It diliers widely from the common Clidiopltora trilineata Cin\{= Pandora trilineata Say), in the absence of the internal radiating ridges, in its more inequilateral and irregular form, and in the greater convexity of the upper valve. The lower valve is very flat, or even con- cave, and is marked externally with several distinct radiating lines. Neaera glacialis. G. O. Sars, op. cit.,p. 88, pi. 6, figs. 8 «-c.—Verrill, Trans. Coun. Acad., v., pi. 44, fig. 10 I). A form of Xemra^ agreeing perfectly with this, is common on muddy bottoms, in 50 to 192 fathoms, oft' the coasts of New England and Nova Scotia. We have dredged it off Cape Cod, off Cape Ann, otf Casco Bay, in the Bay of Fundy, and in numerous localities in the Gulf of Maine and otf Nova Scotia, since 1872; and recently, south of Newport and Martha's Vineyard, in 65 to 500 fathoms. The larger specimens exceed an inch in length. Among our numerous examples there is, however, considerable varia- tion, both in the form of the shell and in the size and shape of the car- tilage-pit and lateral teeth. Moreover, the variations in the hinge are not correlated with the diflerences in the breadth and length of the rostrum. Therefore, it seems to me probable that this shell should be considered merely a variation of N. arctica. The latter, in its typical form, occurs in the same localities and in about the same numbers, and 398 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. some examples grow to even greater size, being 1.25 iuclies loug. In our siiecimens (see Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 44, fig. 10 a) the rostrum is usu ally longer and narrower than in the specimen figured by Sars, approaching in this respect his figure of N. glacialis, but with the cartilage-pit as large and broad as in his iV". arctica. In fact, the ma- jority of our specimens may be described as intermediate between the two forms figured by Sars. Neaera obesa Lovdn (184G)= N. pellucida Stimpson (1852). Associated with the preceding, in most of the localities named, I have found another form, often .5 of an inch or more in length, which I con- sider identical with Keccra obesa of Loven, aud M'hich often agrees well with the figures of this species given by G. O. Sars, but with the ros- trum more commonly somewhat shorter. The cartilage-pit has the same form as the one figured by Sars. The young of this shell is the Kecvra Ijellucida of Stimpson, without doubt. I have rei^eatedly dredged it in his origiual locality. Neccra ohesa^ as thus determined, is closely allied, in form aud struct- ure, to N. arctica and var. glacialis. Its texture is thinner, more deli- cate, more translucent, and smoother, or with less conspicuous lines of growth, and freer from adherent mud. These dilierences are not merely due to age, for I have examined both forms, of various sizes, from .10 of an inch or less, in length, up to the full-grown specimens. The largest specimens of X. ohesa are, however, rarely more than .50 of an inch in length. The shell is usually very swollen and ventricose, rather abruptly contracted postej'iorly at the base of the rostrum, which is rather narrow and not very long, but varies considerably in leugth and breadth. The cartilage plate is prominent, and projects inward so as to form a distinct angle. Ne8sra jugosa S. Wood. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 83, pi. 6, figs. 9 a-c. This species is easily distinguished from all others found on our coast by its concentric raised lamellae. Station 894, 3G5 fathoms, off oS^ewport, R. I. Nessra rostrata (Spongier) Lov^n. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 7 a, h. Several fine, large specimens of this species were dredged by us about 70 to 75 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, in 85 to 115 fathoms, and 90 to 100 miles south froui ]S'ewport, R. I., in 120 to 500 fathoms. It is easily distinguished from the forms above mentioned by its very long and narrow iiosterior beak or rostrum, and by the oval form of the shell. It has a nearly smooth surface. Neaera multicostata Verrill & Smith, sp. nov. This is a large and very distinct species, easily distinguished from all oth<3rs known on our coast bv the strong radiating ribs which cover the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STxVTES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 399 uliole. surface of the sbell. The shell itself is rather large, swollen, subovate, well-rounded venti-ally, but obliquely subtruncate anteriorly. Eostrum rather short, narrow, well defined, tapered ; on the rostrum there are eight or nine rather broad, low, radiating costee. The body of the shell is covered with regular, raised and strong, radiating costai, over lifty in number, separated by deep grooves of about the same width as the costal ; anteriorly these ribs become small ; posteriorly, near the base of the rostrum, live or six become much larger than the rest, and have smaller ones alternating with them. Color yellowish white ; in life rosy, from the internal organs showing through. Length, 19™'"; beak to ventral edge, 12"™. South of Martha's Yineyard, 115 fathoms ; about 90 to 100 miles south of Newport, 85 to 120 fathoms, stations 871, 873, 871, 87G, «S:c. Several living specimens of various sizes. Cardium, sp. A roundish species of Cardium, about IS*""" in diameter, is represented by a single valve, in good condition. The surfa(;e is rather closely and regularly cancellated. The ribs are smooth, without scales or spines. It was taken at station 865. Astarte crenata Gray. Parry's Voyage, app.—Friele, Cafcal. Norv. Nordmeer-Exp. Spitzb., Moll., p. 267, 1879. ? Astarte crehricostata Forbes; Jeffreys; G. O. Sars; and other Euroj)eaa writers. Astarte crehricostata Gonkl, Invert., Mass., 2(1 ed., p. 128, fig. 440 (var. lens). Astarte lens (Stimp., MSS.) Verrill, Amer. .Journ. Sci., iii, p. 287, 1872. Large numbers of specimens, which seem to agree closely with the typical arctic and deep-water form of this species, were taken at nearly all the stations, in 05 to 500 fathoms. It was most abundant at stations 880, 891, 895. These form series that appear to graduate into the large, broad, flat- tened form to which the name lens has been applied, which is abundant in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, in 50 to 150 fathoms. The typical form is smaller, more swollen, with the edges more rounded, and less expanded posteriorly. All the forms have the edges regularly crenulated. Cryptodon Sarsii (Phil. ). Axinus Sarsii G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 60, pi. 19, figs. .'S a, h. A single dead specimen of a shell agreeing very closely with this form, as figured by G. O. Sars, was dredged by our party, in 1870, off Cape Cod. Crypton obesus Verrill. Auier. .Tourn. Sci., iii, p. 287, pi. 7, fig. 2, 1872. I may take this occasion to remark that Sars's figure (pi. 19, fig. 7) of C. obesus Verrill does not represent the large form described by me under that name, which is remarkable not only for its swollen form, but 400 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. iilso for its great height (from beak to ventral edge), as compared -with its length, while the shell figured hj Sars is broadly rounded,,pnorc lik'e our typical C. Gouldii, of which I am inclined to consider it the adult state. Very large and characteristic specimens of the typical C. obcsus, sev- eral of them more than lo"" broad, but mostly dead, have been fre- quently dredged this season, off Newport, R. I., in 12 to 20 fathoms, and especially at stations 8Go-871, 873, 87G, and 877, in 65 to 192 fathoms, south of Martha's Vineyard and ISTewport. Cryptodon ferruginosus ? (Forbes). Axiniis ferrufjiiiosHs G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Ai'ct. Norv., p. 63, pi. 19, figs. 10 rt, b. Living specimens were taken at station 871, in 115 fathoms. They were thickly incrusted with iron-oxide, Avhich adheres very tenaciously ; beneath this crust the shell is usually much eroded. Lorii)es lens Verrill & Smitli. Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, -p. 400, Nov., 1880 (published Oct.). Shell rather thin, moderately convex, well rounded, nearly equilat- eral; beaks acute, a little prominent, curved forward; lunule small, deeply excavated, cordate ; ligamental area long, narrow-lanceolate, a little sunken, so that the ligament scarcely rises to a level with its edges. The posterior dorsal outline of the shell is nearly straight or but slightly convex ; the posterior end is very obtusely rounded or sub- truncate, making a slight angle with the dorsal edge and a very obtusely rounded one with the ventral edge, which is evenly curved and continuous with the regularly rounded anterior end ; dorsal edge in front of the beaks incurved. Surface rather smooth, especially toward the umbos, but with more or less numerous and irregular lines of growth, marked by thin and slightly raised lines, which become more regular and more conspicuous at each end of the shell, and especially poste- riorly. A faint ridge runs from the beak to the posterior ventral angle. A slight undulation or depression (often obsolete) runs from the beak to the ui)per part of the anterior edge, bounding a small anterior dorsal area. Hinge without any distinct teeth. Anterior muscular scar elon- gated, somewhat sinuous; posterior one small, ovate. Shell usually yellowish white; young specimens, when living, are translucent, flesh- color, owing to the animal showing through. Length of the larger specimens, 11'"'"; breadth or height, 12.5""". Dredged in 1879 in many localities off Cape Cod, in 50 to 100 fathoms in 1880 common at nearly all the outer stations, in C5 to 192 fathoms (stations 8G5 to 877). Most of the specimens are dead, but fresh. Tellimya ferruginosa (Mont.). G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv. , p. 70, pi. 20, figs. 1 a-c. Montacuta ferruginosa J (itYreys, Brit. Coiicli., ii, p. 210; v, pi. 31, fig. 9. Several living specimens from stations 892, 803, and 894, in 365 to 487 fathoms. They were all thiclily coated with a brown .ferruginous crust, beneath which the shell is usually eroded. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 401 Leda unca Gould. Proc. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 282, 1832.—Otia Conch., p. 239 (= f Leda acuta Conrad, described as fossil). Many of our specimens are much larger than the shells described by Gould and Conrad. Our larger specimens are 13'"" long, 8""" broad. This shell is rather strong and thick, oval, swollen, rounded anteriorly, but posteriorly narrowed to an acute, short, angular beak, at the base of which there is a slight incurvature of the ventral edge. The nearly straight posterior dorsal edge slopes regularly to the beak, and is some- what compressed or keeled. The whole surface is covered with numer- ous prominent, regular, rounded, concentric ribs, separated by deep grooves of about the same width. On the posterior dorsal area these ribs are smaller, and are often nearly obsolete close to the edge. Taken in considerable numbers, alive and dead, at many of the sta- tions, both south of Martha's Vineyard and south of Newi)ort, E. I., in 85 to 155 fathoms, especially at stations 871, 873, 874, and 870. This species appears to be allied to L. 3Iessanensis Cant. (= L. acumi- nata Jeff.), from deep water in the Mediterranean. Leda pernula (Miiller). G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 1 a-d. A specimen that appears to be a typical example of this speceies was dredged by us in 1877, off' Halifax, in 59 fathoms. It has a smooth, lustrous, yellowish-green epidermis. The concentric grooves are irreg- ular and mostly obsolete, except anteriorly, where they are fine and close. The form is similar to that of L. tenuisulcata. Length, 23'""' 3 height, 10'"'". Yoldia frigidia Torcll. Spitz. Moll., p. 148, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1859.—G. O. Sars, Moll. Ecg. Arct. Norv., p. 39, pi. 4, figs. 11 a, b. This species occurred at station 894. It had not previously been ob- tained off' tlie New England coast, but had been dredged in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, by Whiteaves, in 200 fathoms. Area glacialis Gray. G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 1 a-c.—Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 44, fig. 5. This species has been dredged in numerous localities by tlie various dredging parties of the United States Fish Commission, since 1872, in the Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, off' Cape Cod, on George's and Le Have Banks, and off Halifax, Nova Scotia, at various depths from 90 to 430 fathoms; about 70 to 75 miles soutli of jMartha's Vineyard, in 115 to 192 fathoms, and south of Newport, in 85 to 500 fathoms. It attaches itself to pebbles or gravel-stones hj a small but strong ventral byssus. The shorter and more rounded form, known as Area pectunculoides Scacchi, also occurs on our coast, as well as the deformed variety called var. septentrionalis by G. O. Sars. These appear to me to be mere vari- Proc. Nat Mus. 80 26 Jan. 1 0, 1 8 8 1 . 402 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ations of A. glaciaUs. The shortest and most rounded forms that we have taken were dredged south of IMartha's Vineyard and south of Newport, in 85 to 225 fathoms, this season. Limopsis cristata (?) Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, p. 434; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 585, pi. 4(3, fig. 8. A few dead specimens, referred doubtfully to this species, occurred at stations 865 to 807 and at 870 and 871, in 65 to 155 fathoms. Limopsis minuta (Pliilippi). G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 44, pi. 3, figs. 5 a-c. Limopsis ftoreaZiS Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., ii, p. 164; v, p. 174, pi. 100, fig. 3. This shell was taken in abundance, living, at stations 893, 894 and 895, in 238 to 372 fathoms ; in smaller numbers at 891 and 892, in 487 to 500 fathoms ; and sparingly at several other localities in 115 to 252 fathoms. Modiola polita Verrill & Smith. Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 400, for Nov., 1880 (puhlished Oct. 25). Two living specimens were taken at station 895, in 238 fiithoms. Avicula hirundo (?) L., var. nitida, nob. The shell is very inequivalve, the right shell being smaller and flatter, and much bent inward near its ventral edge. The form is very oblique, with the anterior ear small and short, in the left valve, and separated from the body of the shell by a slight incurvature of the edge, from which a depression runs to the beak ; right valve with a shallow byssal notch. Posterior ala short, triangular, with a rounded incurvature of the pos- terior edge of the shell, separating it from the body of the shell, which is produced and rounded at the end. Surface nearly smooth, glossy, and somewhat iridescent, with regular but inconspicuous lines of growth, which on the anterior ears rise up into thin, wavy laraelhe. Color translucent, pale yellowish, usually with a brown streak radi- ating from the beak to the outer edge. Length, beak to outer edge, 13"""; length of hinge-line, 11"""; beak to end of posterior ala, 8'""'. This shell was found in considerable numbers adhering to hydroids, in Go to 192 fathoms, south of M;irtha's Vineyard (stations 865 to 867, and 809 to 873). In form it resembles the young Avicula Mriincio of Florida and the West Indies. It is, however, much smoother and more lustrous than any specimens of that species which I have hitherto seen, and may well prove to be a distinct species, for which I would, in that case, propose the name nitida. Limcea subovata (Jeffreys). Lima suhovata Jeffreys, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov., 1876, p. 427. Shell small, white, ovate, nearly equilateral, with the valves convex, much swollen in the middle; beaks prominent, incurved; hinge-line straight, shorter than the shell j ligament-pit narrow, elongated, lunate. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 403 Sculpture very numerous (70 to 80 or more) radiating ribs, fine later- ally, increasing in strength on each side to the middle, where there are two or three ribs considerably larger than the rest, with wider intervals ; the ribs and intervals are crossed by fine, close, raised lines of growth. Interior with radiating lines corresponding to the external ones. Length, 4™'"; height (beak to ventral edge), 7'"'"; thickness, 4""". Sta- tion 880, 255 fathoms, scarce; 891 to 894:, 305 to 500 fathoms, common. Limcca (jihha {= Lima yibba Jeffreys, op. cit., p. 428) also diflers but little from our specimens. Pecten fenestratus Forbes (?). Report on Mollusca, &.C., of ^geau Sea, p. 14G, in Proc. British Assoc, for 1843. Pecten inequisculptus Tiberi (teste Jeffreys). A small, but elegantly colored and sculptured, inequivalve Pccfew was taken living at station 872. This I refer doubtfully to the above-named, Mediterranean deep-water species. In our two examples the upper valve is finely and regularly cancellated, with fine radiating and concentric lines ; the under valve is covered with fine, raised, concentric ribs only. Ears prominent. Color whitish and different shades of red and brown, irregularly mottled. Pecten, sp. (near P. opercularis). Fragments of a large and peculiar Pecten occurred at stations 873 and 874. They closely resemble, in sculpture, the P. opercularis of Europe, except that the large ribs are triangular and carinated at summit? instead of rounded. These large ribs are separated by equally wide, concave interspaces, which, like the ribs, are marked by slightly con- cave, radiating furrows, and the surface of these furrows is covered with thin, concentric, slightly raised, wavy plates, the waves being limited by the fine radiating ridges between the grooves. Interior of valves with broad, flat grooves, alternating with flat ribs of the same width. Color grayish white, the ribs pale reddish. List of species enumerated in the preceding article. fOnc asterisk sipiifies that the species is an addition to the New England or North American fann.i; two, that it is a newly discovered 8])ecies ; E= European ; G = Greenlandic ; M= middle region of New England, or both north and south of Cape Cod; N= northern coasts of America (Cape Cod to Labrador); s:=sonthem; o^ oceanic; P =: North Pacific. 1 Bela rugulafa (Moller). Bcla simjylex (MiddencL). Bela hebcs Verrill. Plenrotoma Jgassizii V. & S. Pleurotoma Pandioiiis V. & S. Plenrotoma Carpcnteri V. & S. Taranis pulclwlla V. Tarania Morchii (Malm) Jeff. Marfjinella roscida ? Rav. Tritonofusus laterlceus (Mcill.) Morch. Xcptunea (Sipho) ccelata Verrill. * # 404 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. * K. N. * N. G. K. » » N. G. E, » # • G. E. N. G. E. ** N. • P. E. N, • G. E. N. **M. * E. * N. G. E. # # * * N. S. *E. # » # * # # » # « » * N. E. • * N. S. « « # # » * * E. N. *E. *E, E. *E. N. S. # # « » E. N. # * N. E. * E. * N. E. N. E. # * * E. * E. N. S. N. # # • R. N. • R. N. • E. N. Ncpiiinea (Sipho) arata Vcmll. Ncptunea propinqna (Alder). Buccinum cyaneum Bnig. Nassa nigrolahra V. Lunatia nana (Mi311er). Lunatia levlcula V. Lamcllaria pcllucida V. Marsenina jirodita Bergla. Marsenina glabra (Coiith.) V. Marsenina ampla Verrill. Vclutella crijptospira (Middentl.). Tricliotropis conica Mollcr. Citigula harpa Verrill. Cingula iurgida (Jeff.) V. Cingula Jan-Mayeni (Friele) V. Lepctella tubicola V. & S. Lovenella Wliiteavesii Verrill. Truncatella truncatnlits (Drap.). Solarium horealc V. & S. Scalaria Pourtalesii V. «& S. Scalaria Dalliana V. & S. Scalaria, sp. Aeirsa gracilis Verrill. Aclis Walleri Jeff. Aclis striata Verrill. Calliostoma Bairdii V. & S. Margarita regalis V. «fe S. Margarita lamellosa V. & S. Margarita, sp. Macliwroplax bella ( Verk. ) Friele. Cgclostrema trochoides (J.) Sars. Jssiminea Grayana Leach. Eulima intermedia Cant. Eulima distorta Desh. Turbonilla nivea (Stimji.). Turbonilla Eathbimi V. & S. Turbonilla formosa V. & S. Turbonilla Smithii Verrill. Eulimclla vcntricosa (Forbes). Odostomia (Mcnestho) sulcata V. Odosiomia unidentatu (Mont.). Auriculina insculpta? (Mont.) G. O. Sars. Diaphana nitidnla (Loy6u). Diaphana pertenuis (Migb.) V. Diaphana gemma V. Diaphana conulus (Desh.). Amphisphyra globosa Lovdn. Amphisphyra pcllucida (Br.) Lovdn. Cylichna Gonldii (Conth.) V. Philine amabilis Verrill. Philine Finmarchica Sars. Philine fragilis G. O. Sars. Philine cingulata G. O. Sars. # # **N. * » **8. **N. N. M. M. N. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 405 N. E. 406 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. List of MoUusca previously unknown south of Cape Cot?—Continued. Stations N. E. ' N. E. *N.E. N. E. N. E. Depths in fathoms . GASTROPODA. Admote Couthouyi Jay (= A. viridula Gld.) Plourotoma Pandionis V Plcuioiouia Agassizii V. & S - . Pleurotoma Carpenteri V. & S Bela impressa Moi'ch (27 to 29 fathoms) Bela tonuicostata Sars Bela simplex Midd. (smooth) Bela hebes Verrill ... Bela violacea (Migh.) Ad. (27 to 29 fathoms) Bela exarata (Moll.) Ad Taranis pnlchcUa V Taranis Morchii Sars Marginella roscida? Rav Neptunea decemcostata (Say^ Ad Noptunea propinqua (Alder) Neptuuea arata V. ifcS Neptunea caelata V Tritonofusus latericeus (Moll.) Morch Nassa nigrolabra V Anachls costulata (Cant.) Lunatia Gronlandica (Moll.) Ad Lunatia nana (Moll.) (27 to 29 fathoms) Lunatia levicnla V. (27 to 29 fathoms) Lamellaria pellucida V Cingula Jan-Maycni (Frielo) V (Diniiula caiinata Migh Cingula haqja V Cingula turgida (Jeff.) Lovenella Whiteavesii VerriU Apoirhais occidentalis Beck Torellia ves'^ita Jeff Lepetella tubicola V. & S Acmaea rubella (Fabr.) Scalaria Ualliana V. & S Scalaria Pourtalesii V. & S Scalaria (sp. ind.) Acirsa gracilis V Solarium borealo V. & S Aclis stiiataV Aclis Walleri J Callioatoma occidentals (Migh.) Calliostoma Bairdii V. & S Margaiita regalia V. & S Margarita lainellosa V. & S ('yclostrenia trochoides (J.) Puncturella noachina (L.) Lowe Eulima intermedia Cantr Eulima distora Desh Tui bonilla nivea (St.) Ad Turbonilla Rathbuni V. & S Turbouilla formosa V. idula ])laua Say Maclia-i(>iil.ix nhscura (Couth.) Friele . Turbduilla iutcnitpta ? Ad Philino (juaihata (Wood) Forb. & Han Cylichna alba (Brown) Lov6n Dendiouotus robustus V PTEEOPODA, Cavolina tridentata Gray. Diacria trispinosa Gray.. SOLEXOCONCHA. K. E. Dentalium striolatnm Stimp LAMELLIBEANCHIATA. Teredo megotara Hanley Ensatella Americana (Gld.) Y ... . Clidiophora trilineata (Say) Carp .. Periploma papyracea (Say) V Thracia Conraili Couth Spisula solidisaima ? Gray Ceronia arctata (Con.) Ad Maconia sabulosa (Speng.) Morch Cyprina Islandica (Linn6) Lam . . . Callista convesa (Say) Ad Cardium pinnulatum Conrad Lucina lilosa Stimp Cryptodon Gouldii (Phil.) Stimp - Cryptodon obesus V Solcmya velum Say Venericardia borealis (Con.) Carp. Astarte castanea Say Astaito quadrans Gld A.starte undata Gld Nucula proxima Say Toldia sapotilla (Gld.) Stimp Modiola modiolus (Linn6) Turton. Crenella glandula (Totten) Ad Pecten tenuicostatus Migh Anomia aculeata Miill 865 to 867 t2 tl 872 to 874 85 to 100 tl tm. *1 tl tl tl 13 tl t sv. tl t sv. tm. t sv. tm. 870 to 878 115 to 155 t sv. *2 12 t sv. tl tl t t t t sv. tl "m. * m. t sv. t 1 t sv. t3 tl tl tl 879 880 895 *1 't2 tl tm. t tl * sv. tsv. t sv, t sv. * sv. tm. tl t sv. t .sv. 225 to 252 893 894 365 to 372 891 892 48r to 500 tl 12 t m. It t sv. t tsv. tm. t sv. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 409 List of recent additions to shallow-water Mollusca of Southern New England.* Parasira catenulata Steenstrup. Oceanic. Mediterranean. *Truncatula truncatulus (Drap.). Littoral. European. Littorina littorea. Littoral ; abundant. European. *Assiminea Grayana Leach. Littoral. European. Ancula cristata Loven. Northern and European. **Polycerella Emertoni Verrill. Littoral. Scylloia Edwardsii Verrill. Littoral. Southern and oceanic. Coryphella Mananensis (Stimp.) Verrill. Oif Race Point, Long Island Sound, 40 fathoms. Stiligerfuscata, (Gld.) Bergh. Massachusetts Bay. Terebratulina septentrionalis (Couth.). Ofl' Block Island, 15 fathoms. Northern. DESCRSPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPECIES OF IVEMICHTMl'S (NEMICMTHYS AVOCETTA), FRO.U PUGET SOUiVO. By BATID S. JORDAIV and CHARLES H. OBLBI^RT. Nemichthys avocetta, sp. nov. Color translucent white, the lower half of the body covered with small, round, black spots, sharply defined ; among these some smaller spots. Belly near the median line black. Upper half of body plain, colorless. Pectorals and dorsal plain. Anal speckled. Body band-shaped, but not strongly compressed; deepest in the middle, tapering behind to the long and very slender filament-like tail, and anteriorly to a very long and slender neck, which contracts imme- diately behind the head. Skin smooth. No lateral line. Head proper small, short and rather broad; concave between the eyes, with two median ridges; full and broad behind the eyes, with thtee longitudinal ridges. Lower part of head narrow, sharp, so that the head would be triangular in a vertical section. Eye very large, vertically placed, its length one-third that of the head without snout. Nostrils each simple (two on each side), rather large, close in front of eye, without tube or flap. Maxillary extending to close behind the eye, the mandible somewhat farther. Jaws prolonged, becoming very slen- der, long, acuminate, needle like at tip, somewhat recurved. Upper jaw the longer, and nearly four times the length of the rest of the head, being 7-8 times its greatest depth. Both jaws with small, very numer- * Some of the species here included were discovered in 1875 and 1876, and have been recorded in the Amcricau Journal of Science. Tliose with an asterisk prefixed were first discovered on our coast this season, or else have not been previously recorded. For additional species, not included in my Report on luvertebrates of Vineyard Sound, &c., 1873, see American Journal of Science, x, pp, 40, 41, July, 1876. 410 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ous, retrorse, close-set, sharp teeth. Jaws bony, their lateral surfaces with retrorse roughnesses. Head naked, covered with skin. Gill-openings rather large, oblique, running downward and forward, separated by a rather narrow isthmus. Pectorals well developed, half longer than eye. 'No ventrals. Vent under middle of the length of the pectorals (when depressed) ; the anal fin beginning close behind it and extending to the tail; its rays soft and rather slender; the membrane delicate; its height greatest near the middle and anteriorly, where it is somewhat less than height of body, becoming obsolete on the long cau- dal filament. Dorsal similar to anal, but lower, beginning close behind the occiput and running to the tail. TaMe of measurements. lOOths of length. Extreme length Body: iGreatest depth... Depth at neck . . . Head : Greatest length. Greatest depth Length of snout . Diameter of orbit Anal : Greatest height. . . Pectoral : Length 100 1.6 .8 10 1.2 7.0 1 1.3 1.5 The specimen whicli is the type of the present description was taken in May, 1880, in the harbor of Port Gamble, and was placed by its cap- tor in the museum of the University of Washington Territory, at Seattle. The president of the university. Prof. A. J. Anderson, presented it to the United States National Museum. Its movements in the water are said to be extremely active. Fishes of this type offer comparatively few specific characters, and we are able to separate this species from WemichtJiys scolopaceus Eich. of the Atlantic by differences in proportion only. According to the detailed description and figure of the latter species given by Lowe and Brandt {Leptorhynchus or Belonopsis leuchtenhergl, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. Sav. Iiltrang., 1854, vii, 171-174), Nemichthys avocctta is distinguished by the much slenderer head, longer beak, and higher anal fin, the greatest height of the latter being nearly equal to the length of the pectoral and more than the depth of the head. So far as known to us, this is the first species of the genus thus far taken in the Pacific. A recent newspaper account of the capture of a sea-serpent at Victoria, British Columbia, perhaps refers to a second example of the same species, Seattle, Wash., June 10, 1880. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 411 DESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPECffES OF l»ARAIiEIPIS (PARAl EPI9 t'ORttJSCAIVS), E.<'K®]TI TBIE STKAITS ©F JUAIV DE FUCJA. By ©AVID S. JOMI>A]¥ asad CHARLES II. GILBERT, Paralepis coruscans, sp. uov. Allied to P. horcaUs Eeinli. Head and body very elongate, compressed, almost ribbon-shaped, of uniform width throughout, and preserving its depth forwards to occiput and backwards to origin of dorsal fin. From the insertion of the dorsal the body is gradually narrowed to the very slender caudal iieduncle, the base of anterior portion of anal projecting much beyond the ventral out- line. Abdomen compressed, subtrcnchant. Head long, wedge-shaped, its upper and lower outlines equally ob- lique. Snout very long and sharp, equaling half the length of the head, its tip on a line with the axis of the body. Eye large, its diameter one- third the length of the snout, placed high, with its upper margin on a level with the top of the head. Head shaped somewhat as in Sphyrwna. Jaws equal; gape very wide; maxillar^^ reaching the vertical from the nostril ; mandibular joint reaching the vertical from the anterior margin of the pupil. Mandible closing inside the margins of the upper jaw, the latter being transversely much arched to receive it; tip of mandible fitting into an emargiuation between the iutermaxillaries. None of the teeth very large or fang-like. Iutermaxillaries laterally with a single series of exceedingly minute teeth (as in UngrauUs) ; anteri- orly, however, on each side is a series of 4 or 5 rather long acicular teeth ; the entire intermaxillary series is outside of the mandible in the closed mouth. Vomer with minute teeth. Palatine series long; the anterior teeth long and slender; the jiosierior short. Mandibular series working against the palatines; the teeth slender, distant, of different lengths. Branches of the lower jaw transversely deeply concave. Maxillary ^nd intermaxillary slender, intimately connected, sliding under a fold of the skin. All the bones of the head very thin, flexible, membrane-like. Pre- oibital long, very narrow, arched, extending forwards from orbit, reach- ing maxillary midway of its length. Suborbital chain likewise narrow. Head with numerous sharp ridges; two forwards from the orbit; two pairs on the top of the head, converging forwards. Oibital ring slightly raised. Preopercular margin very oblique. Opercle with concentric striiB and radiating lines. Gill-openings very wide, extending forwards to vertical from nostril isthmus anteriorly much compressed, thin and membrane-like, the gills of the two sides lapping over and meeting across the ridge. Mandibu- lar rami and subopercles and interopercles of the two sides meeting below across the isthmus. 412 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Gill-rakers similar on all tbe arches, short, immovable, much broader than long, each jirovided with 4 or 5 short needle-like spines. A slit behind fourth gill. Pseudobranchiae developed, partly hidden by a fold of the membraue. Branchiostegals 7, the membranes overlapping ante- riorly, as in the Salmonidcc. Scales small, deciduous; those of the lateral line large, non-imbricate, plate-like, becoming smaller i^osteriorly, the series terminatiug abrubtly opposite middle of the base of the anal. Fins all very small. Pectorals placed low, their length two-fifths that of the snout. Ventrals far back, entirely behind the dorsal, their dis- tance from base of caudal half that from front of orbit. Distance from middle of dorsal basis to base of caudal half its distance from the tip of the snout. Anal elongate, high anteriorly, its base terminating at a point distant one-half diameter of orbit from base of caudal. Adipose dorsal high and narrow, directly over the end of the anal. Caudal small, widely forked, the middle rays two-fifths the length of longest. End of caudal peduncle emarginate, the caudal rays radi- ating from the upper and lower angles. (In the type specimen the two lobes of caudal are entirely separate, without trace of connecting mem- brane.) Eudimentary rays long, extending along upper and lower sides of caudal peduncle for a distance greater than diameter of orbit. Tips of adipose dorsal and posterior anal rays reach rudimentary caudal rays. Dorsal rays 8; anal rays 31; pectoral rays 11; ventral rays 9; lateral plates GO. Vent slightly behind base of ventral fins. Color, in spirits, light olive-brown, becoming darker on the back, belly, and towards the tail. Above with a few small, distinct, black dots. Sides with some light brownish-yellow shading, a very narrow, length- wise, silvery streak along the middle of the abdomen. Base of pectoral silvery, with a dark spot above. Bases of other fins jet-black, the color usually extending on the bases of the rays. Sides of head silvery; opercles, top of head, and tip of snout dark; mandibular rami bright silvery, and provided each with a double series of minute "phosphorescent" spots. This si)ecies is known to us from a single specimen obtained in the harbor of Port Townsend, Wash., by Mr. Brown, assistant in the custom- office at Port Townsend, and by him presented to the United States National IMuseum. The type is 9^ inches in length, and is in good con- dition. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 413 Tahle of measurements. Collector's number of specimen. Locality 150 Port Townsiend, Wash. Inches and lOOths. Extreme length Length to end of middle caudal rays . Body : 'Greatest height Height at vcntrals Least height of tail Head : Greatest length Width of interorbital area Length of snout Length of maxillary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal (rayed) : Distance from snout Length of base Height at fourth ray Dorsal (adipose) : Distance from dorsal Height at longest ray Anal: Distance from ventral base Length of base Height at longest ray (ca.) Caudal : Length of middle rays Length of external rays. Pectoral : Distance from snout Distance from dorsal outline Length Ventral : Distance from snout Length Brauchiostegals Dorsal Anal Pectoral Ventral Number of scales in lateral line 9.25 8.75 lOOths of length. 6 2J 2Si 2| Hi 9 12i 3i 55i 2i 5 29i 2i 11? 15 6 24 5 50i 35 Port Townsend, Wash., September 30, 1880. PBELiBMIIVARY IVOTffCE OF THE CKUSTACEA DREDCEI), IIV 64 TO 325 FATBIOMS, OFF THE SOVTKX COAST OF NEW EIVGI.AIVO, BIT THE tJiXlTE© STATES FISH COMMlSSaOlX EN 18S0. By S. I. SMITH. A general account of three short dredging trips of the United States steamer Fish Hawk to the region, off the eastern end of Long Island, known as tlie Block Island soundings, has already been given by Pro- fessor Veirill in these Proceedings, and also in the American Journal of Science for the present month (vol. xx, pi). 390-403), and need not be repeated here, further than that the region examined is in latitude 39^ 46' to 40O 06' north, longitude 70° 22' to 71° 10' west, and that on the first trip, September 3 to 5, eight hauls (stations 865 to 872) were made, at depths ranging from 64 to 192 fathoms; on the second trip, September 12 to 14, nine hauls (stations 873 to 881) were made, in 85 to 325 fathoms J 414 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. aDd on the third trip, October 1 to 3, five hauls (stations 891 to 895) were made, in 238 to about 500 fathoms. At station 872, 86 fathoms, the bottom was covered with shells and sponges, but at all the other stations it was composed of fine sand and mud, varying in proportions and in compactness. The collections from the last trip have not yet been fully examined, and only a few of the species are recorded in the following pages. There was, however, a much smaller number of crus- taceans obtained upon this last trip than upon the others. The wonderful richness of the fauna of the sea-bottom in this region, in mollusks and echinoderms, has been shown in Professor Verrill's papers just referred to, and it is not less remarkable as regards the crus- taceans. The richness, in both species and individuals, of this crusta- cean fauna would never have been suspected, and scarcely dreamed of, by one accustomed only to the meager fauna of the shallower waters of the south coast of Kew England. The larger part of the species secured from the great masses of material brought up in the trawl and dredge are Decapoda. There are comparatively few small species of Schizopoda, Cumacea, and Amphipoda, and further dredging will un- doubtedly increase very greatly the number of species in these groups. The following enumeration is not complete even for the Decapoda, and much less so for the other groups, as several of the species are repre- sented by specimens insufficient for proper determination, while others are omitted because not yet satisfactorily determined. The exact location, depth, character of bottom, and temperature for each of the stations are given by Professor Yerrill in the papers above referred to, and in the following pages I give only the serial numbers of the stations at which the species occurred, and the range in depth from the shallowest to the deepest of these stations. In occasionally refer- ring to localities of dredgings carried on by the Fish Commission in l^revious years, I give the serial numbers of the stations according to the "Lists of the Dredging Stations of the United States Fish Commis- sion from 1871 to 1879, inclusive, with Temperature and other Observa- tions, arranged by Sanderson Smith and Eichard Eathbun", in the Commissioner's Eeport for 1879. BEACHYUEA. Hyas coarctatus Leach. Several specimens from 86 fathoms, station 872, and 115 fathoms, station 871. CoUodes depressus A. Milue-Ed-wards, Crust. E(5gion Mexicaine, p. 176, pi. 32, fig. I refer to this species a considerable number of specimens from stations 865, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 878 ; 65 to 142 fathoms. Most of these speci- mens are much larger than those described by Milne-Edwards, and in all the larger, and in some of the smaller, specimens examined the three dorsal spines of the carapax and abdomen are almost wholly obsolete, PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 415 but in otlier respects they all agree well with the figures. In a few of the smallest specimens examined the spines are very nearly or quite as prominent as in the figures, while in other respects they are indistin- guishable from specimens of the same size in which the spines are very small and inconspicuous. In all the spineless specimens there is a more or less prominent tubercle in place of the spines of the carapax. As in the next species, the spines are probably specially characteristic of the young, and become more or less obsolete as the individual increases in size, the obsolescence being more rapid in some individuals than in others. I think there is very little doubt that this species is synonymous with C. trispinosus Stimpson, also described from very small specimens. The following measurements show the size of the specimens examined. In the largest males the chelae* are stout, but little more than twice as long as broad, and the basal portion considerably swollen. station. 416 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. either side, between the brancliial region and the posterior part of the gastric and the cardiac region, and with the surface rough and tuber- culose. The cardiac, with the posterior part of the gastric region, is raised into a continuous ridge, capped with a longitudinal line of four large spiniforin tubercles, one on the gastric and three on the cardiac, besides a small one in the middle of the posterior margin. The cardiac and the two anterior gastric tubercles are erect and their tips nearly in the same horizontal line, while the posterior cardiac is situated much lower down on the posterior slope of the carapax and is directed upward and backward. In front of the gastric tubercle there are two much smaller ones, in a transverse line, and in front of these there are usually four still smaller ones similarly disposed, so as to make a submedian line of three small tubercles either side, between the large gastric tubercle and the erect and promment tubercle upon the crest of the orbital arch. In one of the specimens the most anterior of these three pairs of tubercles back of tbe orbits is obsolete. There is a deep longitudinal depression between the orbits, and extending a little back of them and forward to the narrow i^art of the rostrum. The rostrum is prominent, directed forward and downward, suddenly contracted just in front of the antennal fossae, leaving a dentiform tubercle either side, where the rostrum is suddenly narrowed ; there is also a small tooth either side, near the tip of the rostrum. The anterolateral margin is strongly incurved at the cervical suture, so as to approach closely and expose slightly from above the strongly tuberculo-dentate, infero-lateral carina, which is itself slightly incurved at this point ; both in front of and behind the cervical suture, however, the margin recedes from the inferior carina, in front being directed upward at an oblique angle with the part behind the cervical suture. Above this angle there is a broad, conspicuous, and nearly smooth depression in the nearly vertical surface. The margin between the cervical suture and the orbit is armed with two small tuber- cles near the cervical suture, but the anterior two-thirds is unarmed and slightly concave in outline. Behind the cervical suture the margin is regularly and very strongly arcuate, and in front of the great branchial tooth, which really forms the lateral angle of the carapax, is armed with nine or ten teeth, of which the first three or four are small and some- what tuberculiform ; the six jiosterior are larger, acutely triangular, and strongly laciniated, the four anterior of these six being nearly equal in size, the fifth larger and the sixth smaller than the others. The greatest breadth of the carapax is between the tips of the large fifth laciniated tootb each side, or, excluding the teeth, between the bases of the third and fourth teeth each side. The great branchial tooth is larger than any other, laciniated, and has a small tooth at the base in front and a larger one near the base behind ; and still behind this last there is first a small and then a much larger tuberculiform spine on the concave postero-later.d margin, while the short posterior margin is armed with three prominent tubercles, with several smaller ones between. The PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 417 branchiil regions are i^rominent, tuberculose, and pitted, particularly upon the outer surface, and rise at the summit into a prominent spiui- form tubercle either side, on a line with the anterior cardiac tubercle. Tlie chelipeds are very nearly as in L. Pourtalesii, but appear to be pro- portionally a little longer, and, judging from A. Milne-Edwards's figure of Pourtalesii, to have the marginal teeth more acute and more deeply laciniated. The nieri of all the ambulatory legs are spinulose on both the upper and lower edges, as in Pourtalesii, while in the last i:)air there are, in addition, similar s[)ines on the upper edge of the carpus and one near the middle of the upper edge of the i^ropodus. The dactyli are about as long as the corresponding j)ropodi, are very slightly com- jiressed, and are covered with a dense velvet-like pubescence, except at the tips. Measurements. Leniith of cnrapax Brcadtli incliiilin^ lateral spines .. Katio (if leuj,th to breadth Breadth cxcludiu'^ lateral spines . Leuitli of cheliiied fidly extended Li'ULi'th of iiienis of eheliped Length of propodus of eheliped. .. 9 418 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the schooner Augusta A. Johnson, of Gloucester, Mass., gives the fol- lowing measurements : mm. Length of carapax, including frontal teeth 88. 2 Breadth, including lateral teeth 101. 7 Breadth in front of lateral teeth 93. 5 Length of posterior legs 18U. Bathynectes longispina Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, ii, p. 146, 1870.—A. Mihie-Edwards, Crust. Eegiou Mexicaine, p. 234, i)l. 42, tig. 1, lb79, Stations 871, 872, 874, 879 ; 85 to 225 fathoms. Stimpson's and Milue-Edwartls's specimens were from the Straits of Florida. Acanthocarpus Alexandri Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, ii, p. 153, 1870. Stations 870 to 874, 877, 878 ; 85 to 155 fathoms. At 878, 142 ftithoms, forty-nine specimens were taken. A large part of the specimens are much larger than those described by Stimpson, wliich were from 74 fathoms, in Pourtales's dredgings in the Straits of Florida. A male, from station 878, gives the following measurements: Length of carapax, 16.9"""'; breadth, 1G.8"""; breadth between tips of carpal spines, with the chelipeds closed, 42""" ; length of carpal spine, 8"™. Ethusa miciophthalma, sj). nov. Female.—The carapax is as broad as long, but very much narrowed anteriorly, so that in front it is only half as broad as the widest part, which is at the swollen branchial regions posteriorly. The front between the orbits is less than half as wide as the entire front, and, as seen from above, is divided by a triangular median sinus and two slightly less hthalmic scales are well developed. The eye-stalks are short and the cornea expanded. The antennulae, antennae, and oral appendages are simihir to those in JSujjagurtis; the exopods of all the maxillipeds are, however, propor- tionally much longer than in that genus. There are eleven pairs of phyllobranchiiB, arranged as in Eupagurus hernhardus, but the two ante- rior pairs connected with the external maxillipeds are very small and rudimentary, and composed of a few slightly flattened papillte, so that they are, strictly speaking, trichobrauchiae. The chelipeds are slender and unequal. The first and second pairs of ambulatory legs are long, and have slender, compressed, and ciliated or setigerous dactyli ; the third pair are only imperfectly subcheliform. In the male, the second, third, and fourth somites of the abdomen bear small appendages upon the left side, as in most of the allied genera, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 423 but the fifth somite is destitute of an appendage ; in the female, the appendages of the second, third, and fourth somites are biramous and ovigerous, and there is usually a rudimentary uniramous appendage upon the fifth somite, as in the allied genera.* The uropods are very nearly or quite symmetrical, the rami of the right appendage being very nearly or quite as large as that of the left. The telson is bilobed at the ex- tremity. As might be expected, the unsymmetrical development of the external sexual appendages of the males of the two species here described cor- responds to a like unsymmetrical development of the internal sexual organs, and the following incomplete observations, made on ordinary alcoholic specimens in which the abdominal viscera are not sufficiently well preserved for a full anatomical or histological investigation, appear of sufficient importance to notice here, especially as nothing appears to be known of the internal structure of either species of Spiroparjurus. The right testis and vas deferens are much larger than the left. The lower part of the right vas deferens, in all the adults examined, is much more dilated than the left, and is filled (as is also the external i^art of the duct) with very large spermatophores of peculiar form. The left vas deferens is slender, much as in EupagurKS bcrnhardus, terminates in a small opening in the left coxa of the last thoracic somite, as in ordinary Paguroids, and contains spermatophores somewhat similar in form and size to those of Eupagurus hernliardm. In alcoholic specimens of H. sociaUs the spermatophores from the left vas deferens are approximately QKjmm iQjjg and 0.035'"™ broad, with a slender neck about a third of the entire length, and a very thin and delicate lamella for a base. The spermatophores from the right vas deferens are over 2°"" in total length ; the body itself is oval, approximately 0.40™™ looig and a third as broad; at one end it terminates in a vevy long and slender process, two or three times as long as the body ; at the other end there is a similar but slightly stouter process, a little longer than the body, and expanding at its tip into a broad and very delicate lamella, approximately O.oo™'" long by 0.20'"'" broad. The contents of the two kinds of spermatophores are, of course, not in a condition to show the structure of the spermatozoa, but they present a similar appearance in each case, aud are apparently of about the same size. Hem'lpagurus socialis, sp. nov. Male.—The part of the carapax in front of the cervical suture is about a fifth broader than long; the sides nearly parallel ; the front margin sinuous, curving slightly forward in the middle and each side between the eye-stalks and the peduncles of the antennaj, the middle lobe thus formed being scarcely more i^romineut than the lateral lobes, each of * In many of the best preserved and most perfect females of Hemipaf/nrus socialis examined I can find no trace whatever of this appendage of the fifth somite, while in others it is very easily seen. 424 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wiiicli is armed with a minute spiue, projecting forward just inside of tlie peduncle of the antenna ; between these spines the edge of the front is uptunuMl in a sharp marginal carina, which terminates each side in the spines themselves. The dorsal surface of this pcirt of the carapax is convex in both directions, the protogastric lobes are protuberant and well marked, and nearly the whole surface is roughened, and more or less tubercuiose, with transverse scabrous elevations, which give rise to numerous hairs. The branchial regions are slightly swollen, so that the breadth of the carapax posteriorly is greater than in front. All the por- tions back of the cervical suture are smooth and membrana(;eous. The eye-stalks are about half as long as the carapax in front of the cervical suture, liatrened and expanded distally, where they are about three-fourths as broad as long. The eye itself is black, and the cornea extends round either side so as to be crescent-shaped as seen from above. The ophthalmic scales are less than half as long as the ej'e-stalks, nar- row, triangular, and acute. The first ami second segments of the peduncle of the antennula are subequal in length, and the ultimate segment nearly once and a half as long as the penultimate, and almost as long as the eye-stalks. Tlie superior, or major, flagellum is nearly as long as the ultimate segment of the i)eduncle ; the thick, ciliated basal portion consists of about four- teen segments, and the slender terminal portion, which is nearly once and a half as long as the basal, of about fiv^e very slender and subequal segments. The minor flagellum is about two-thirds as long as the major, and comjjosed of about eight segments. The peduncle of the antenn^i reaches by the eye nearly the length of the last segment, which is about as long as the greatest diameter of the eye. The acicle is slender, acute, and slightly longer than the last segment of the peduncle. The flagel- lum reaches beyond the tips of the ambulatory legs. The chelipeds are slender and very nearly equal in length, but the right is very much stouter than the left. In the right cheliped the merus and carpus are subequal in length, together nearly twice as long as the carai^ax, and both are rough and obscurely spinous, the spines being most conspicucms on the edges of the ui)per surface of the carpus, which is fully three times as long as broad, flattened above, and angular, but not distinctly carinated along either side. The chela is not far from twice as long as the carpus, nearly three times as long as broad, compressed vertically, evenly rounded, smooth and nearly naked above, but clothed with long, soft hair beneath ; the digits are longitudinal, not gaping, and the dactylus is about two-thirds as long as the basal portion of the propodus, and its prehensile edge is armed with a broad tooth near the middle. In the left cheliped the merus and carpus are simdar to those of the right, but much more slender and a little longer; the carpus is about six times as long as broad, and the edges of the npper surface are rather more sharjAy angular than in the right ; tlie chela is shorter than the right, but very slender, smooth, and nearly PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 425 naked 5 the digits are similar, longitudinal, sliglitly longer than the basal portion of tlie chela, compressed, slightly curved d<>T\'u\vard toward the tips, but the prehensile edges straight and very minutely serrate. The ambulatory legs are very nearly equal in length, and slightly overreach the chelipeds ; the merus is about as long as the left chela, and roughened with small spines on the upper and under edges ; the propodus is shorter than the merus, compressed, smooth, and ciliated along the edges ; the dactylus is a little longer in tbe second than in the first pair, but in both shorter than tbe propodus, very strongly com- pressed, very slightly twisted, about ten times as long as broad, and thickly ciliated along both edges, except for a short distance along the lower edge near the tip. The female is smaller than the male, and has proportionally shorter ambulatory legs, and chelipeds verj^ much shorter and much more alike. The right chela is only about a third longer than the carpus, little more than a third as broad as long, and the digits are slender and nearly as long as the basal portion. The left cheliped is proportionally stouter than in the male, and thus approximates to the right; the chela itself is scarcely more than a third longer than the carpus. The ambulatory legs overreach the chelix)eds by nearly or quite the full length of the dactyli, but all the- segments have very nearly the same relative propor- tions as in the male. The eggs are few in number and very large, being about a millimeter in diameter in alcoholic specimens. In young males the chelipeds and ambulatory legs are similar to those of the female. Measurements. cT cf I ? (Sta. 877).' (Sta. 878.) (Sta. 878). Lcnstli from front of carapax to tip of abdomen Length (if carapax alung meilisiii line Leugtli of carapax from front to cervical suture Bread! h of carapax iu front Length of eye-st.ilk.s Greatest di;iiaeler of eye Length of pc ilundo ot antennula Length of ultimate segment of the same Length of peduncle of antenna beyond front Length of ultimate segment of peduncle of antenna Length of right cheliped Length of caii)ns Lengtli of proiiudus Breadth of propddus. Length of tlactylus Length of left cheliped Length of carpus Length of projiodus Breadth of propodus Li'Ugth of daclyius licngth of lirst am l)ulatory leg, right side Length of i>roi)o(his '. Length of daelvhis Lengi h of second ambulatory leg, right side Length of propodus Length of dactylus mm. IG.O 5.0 4.0 2.5 1.7 5.1 2.2 ;!.4 1.7 13.5 4.0 5.4 1. !) 2.8 10.1 4.0 5.1 1.3 2.8 21.0 5.2 .5.0 21.5 5.8 6.0 426 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The carcinceciuDi is very rarely a naked gastropod sliell ; in most of the specimens seen it is either built up by a colony of JEJpizoanthus Amcr- icanus, like the carcinoecinm of Eupagurus Kroyeri, from the same sta- tions, or is made up in a somewhat similar way by the single polyp of a species of Adatnsia, the base secreted by the Adamsia being expanded on either side and united below so as to inclose the crab iu a broadly conical cavity, with only a slight spiral curvature. The nuclei about which these polypean carcinoecia are formed are of various origins; the majority of the Adamsia carcinoecia appear to have been built upon fragments of pteropod shells, in some cases upon bits of worm-tubes, in one case upon the entire shell of a Cadulus, the greater part of the shell being left protruding from the base of the polyp. In the carcinoecia formed by Epboanthus the nucleus seems usually to have been absorbed, so that nothing is left distinguishable from the colony of polyps itself. In some case-s the Adamsia has completely overgrown a small Epizoan- tJius carcinoecium, so that when the Adamsia is removed a jDcrfect Epi- zoatitliiis carcinoecium is found beneath as a nucleus. The carcinoecium of this species, and of H. gracilis as well, does not cover the animal to the same extent as is usual in the species of Eupagurus, the anterior part of the carapax evidently being constantly exposed, its induration fitting the animal for such exposure. The Epizoanthus carcinoecia are, however, very often disproportionally large for the crabs inhabiting them, having grown out either side until they are several times broader than long. In spite of these often enormous carcinoecia, both species of the genus probably swim about by means of the ciliated dactyli of the ambulatory legs, as Spiropagurus spiriger has been observed to do by Stimpson (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 248 (SG), 1859). Stations 865, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 876, 877, 878, 880 ; 65 to 252 fatli- oms. At many of these stations it occurred in very great abundance. Hemipagurus gracilis, sp. nov. This is a smaller and more slender species than the last, and is readily distinguished from it by the smooth carapax, the longer and more slender eye-stalks, the long and acicular ophthalmic scales, and by the narrow dactyli of the ambulatory legs being longer than the correspouding propodi. Male.—The carapax in front of the cervical suture is flat, smooth, nearly naked, and scarcely at all areolated. The anterior margin is rather more strongly sinuous than in H. socialis, and the lateral lobes are slightly angular and each is tipped with a minute spine, as iu that spe- cies, but the marginal carina between these spines is much less distinct. The eye-stalks are more than half as long as the carapax in front of the cervical suture, flattened and expanded distally, but only about half as broad as long. The eyes themselves are as in 11. socialis. The oph- thalmic scales are more than half as long as the eye-stalks, and are acicular and regularly acute. The ultimate segment of the peduncle of the antennula is as long as PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 427 the eye-stalk and nearly twice as long as the penultimate segment. The major flagellum is as long as the ultimate segment of the peduncle, the basal portion of about eight segments, the terminal portion three times as long and of about five subequal and very slender segments. Tlie minor flagellum is about half as long as the major, and composed of about six segments. The antennae are very much as in H. socialis. The chelipeds are nearly equal in length and similar to those of JT. socialise but in the right cheliped the inner edge of the upper surface of the carpus is angular, and armed with a regular series of twelve to eight- een small spines, while the outer edge is rounded and unarmed ; and the prehensile edge of the dactylus is armed with two irregular and in- distinct teeth, corresponding with two irregular emarginations in the edge of the digit;d portion of the propodus. In the left cheliped the outer edge of the upper surface of the carpus is slightly rounded and scarcely at all sx)inulous, while the inner edge is armed as in the right cheliped. The left chela differs from that of ^. sociaUs in having the digital portion of the propodus considerably stouter than the dactjlus, particularly toward the base. The ambulatory legs are proportionally as long but more slender than in H. socialis ; in both pairs the dactylus is longer than the ])ropodus, curved slightly near the tip, about sixteen times as long as broad, sparsely ciliated along the upper edge, and very slightly setigerous along the lower. The feynale differs from the male as in S. sociaUs, but to a very much less extent, the chelipeds and ambulatory legs being onl^' a little shorter than in the male, and the right cheliped only a little less stout and a little more like the left than in the male. The eggs are few and nearly as large as in if. sociaUs. Measurements. d 428 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The carcincscium in all tlie specimens examined is a colony of Epizo- antltus, bnt this species, lil^e H. socialis, probably sometimes inhabits an Adamsia carcinoecium. Stations 8G5, 870, 871, 874, 877, 878 ; 65 to 155 fathoms 5 associated with H. socialis, bnt not at all abnndant. Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 51, 1879. Stations 880, Sm, 894 ; 252 to 372 fathoms. Since this species was described, from a single specimen taken in 250 fathoms off Nova Scotia, a few additional specimens have been brought in by fishermen from deep water off Nova Scotia. In all the specimens seen, the carcinoecium is built up by a compound actinoid poly]), as in the specimen first described. Some of the young specimens show very plainly the gastropod shell, which serves as a nucleus about which the polypean carcinoicium is built. Eupagurus bernhardus Brandt ex Liuu(5. Station 8G5; 05 fathoms j two small specimens. Eupagurus Kroyeri Stimpson. Stations 809, 870, 877, 878; 126 to 192 fathoms; many specimens, mostly small, and all in carcinoecia formed by colonies of Epizoanthus Americanus. Eupagurus, sp. stations 865 to 867, 869 to 874, 876 to 880, 893 to 895; 65 to 365 fath- oms. A species of about the size of E. Kroyeri, and quite distinct from the species heretofore known ui^on our coast, and apparently distinct from all the described European species. ?Munida Caribaea Stimpson, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vii, p. 244 (11(5), 18a0. Stations 865, 871 to 874, 877, 878 ; 65 to 142 fathoms. Very abundant at 871; 115 fathoms. It is with considerable hesitation that I refer these specimens to Stimpson's species, which was very briefly described, apparently from a single very snmll specimen, and with no more jirecise indication of its habitat than is iin])lied in the specific name. Very small specimens of the si)ecies before me agree very well, however, with Stimijson's descrip- tion, except that he says, "eye-peduncles longer and the cornea less dilated than usual", while in the species before me the eye-stalks are just about as long as in M. Bamffia and the cornea fully as much ex- panded horizontally, though considerably more compressed vertically; but this vertical compression is i^erhaps what Stimpson referred to in speaking of the cornea as " less dilated than usual ". The species in hand resemble 21. tenuimana G. O. Sars in the length and slenderness of the chelipeds, which are even longer and more slen- der tiian in that species, from which, however, it is sufiiciently distinct. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 429 The armature of the carapax, chelipeds, and ambulatory leg:s is i:iore like ]\1. Bamffia thau tenuimana. There are usually six subequal and nearly equidistant sjtines upon the anterior half of the lateral margin of the carapax, of which one is in front of the cervical suture, three ui)on the hepatic region, and two upon the anterior i)art of the branchial region. There are no spines upon the posterior border of the carajiax and none upon the abdomen, except two very small ones on the anterior edge of the second somite. The chelipeds are very long and slender, iu large specimens being a half or more longer than the entire body, nearly cylindrical, and the merus and carpus sparsely armed with small spines ; but the chela, which is longer, but no stouter, thau the merus, is without spines. Four specimens give the following measurements: LoDSth : Lt n^it h of carnpax, iniluding rostrum Length of rostrum .... Bruailth of cari^iax in front of cervical suture . Greatest bnnulih, excluding spiues Breadth near posterior margin Lnititli of cheliped L( iiiitli of merus Leni; t h of carpus L(ii;:th of cliela Li'iiirl h of dactylus Lengtli of first ambulatory leg. Greatest diameter of eye mm. 48.5 25.0 9.1 11.1 13.7 12.3 U.O 34.3 G.O 39.0 17.0 50.0 4.0 Tum,. 48.0 24.2 8.9 11.7 14.0 13.0 79.0 32.0 5.0 30. 17.4 47.7 4.0 mm, 23.0 12. 3 4.9 5.7 G.2 G.O 36.5 14.8 3.0 15.9 7.2 22.0 3.0 mm. 17.5 9.2 3.4 4.4 4.8 4.5 22.8 8.3 2.0 9.8 4.3 14.0 2.0 MACEUEA. Arctus depressus, sp. nov. This species is represented only by a single, small, and probably imma- ture individual, but is apparently distinct from any known speci(\s of the genus, and is readily distinguished by the very broad and greatly depressed cephalo-thorax, which in these respects is like Ibacus, and by the conspicuous spines each side of the posterior segments of the ster- num. The depressed form is perhaps partially a character of imma- turity, being- an ajiproach to the Plii/llosoma-stagefi, and it is possible that the sternal spines disappear in the adult. The carapax is less than half as thick as broad, and the breadth is much greater than the length along' the middle line above, but slightly less than the length of the lateral margin, which is convex in outline, so that the greatest breadth is near the middle of the length. The antero- lateral angles are acute and very prominent, extending far forward of the rest of the front and to a line slightly in advance of the lirst dor- sally exposed segment (the true second peduncular) of the antenna each side. The orbits are very large, altnost com])letely ojien iu front, and occupy fully a third of the width of the whole front. The median carina is low, being, even in the middle of its length, only a little higher than the lateral carime, and rises into two low, dentiform prominences, one 430 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITKD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. at about the middle of the carapax and another a little back of the anterior margin, and in front of the latter the carina is almost wholly obsolete. The lateral carince are prominent along the inner sides of the orbits, terminating in front in the elevated and irregularly dentate inner angles of the orbits. Just back of the orbit there is a hiatus in the carina, from which the carina extends uninterruptedly to near the posterior margin, though its crest is minutely and obscurely dentate. The surface of the longitudinal depressed spaces between the median and lateral carinse are naked and nearly smooth, and so is the narrow and slightly concave space between each lateral carina and the edge of the carapax, excei)t for a line of small tubercles just outside the carina and a few additional ones outside of these, near the postero-lateral angle. The lateral margin is thin and the edge sharp, and divided by a sharp incision at the cervical suture, by an incision slightly less deep a little way back of the cervical suture, and by two or three obscure notches along the branchial region, while the edge between these incisions and notches is irregularly and very minutely dentate. The eyes are large, with an expanded cornea, and black. The two lobes of the antennulary somite rise in front into small dentiform tuber- cles, and so do the first and second of the dorsally exposed segments of the antennse. The second exposed segment of the antenna is about as broad as long, carinated above, acutely angular in front, and the inner and outer edges are each armied with three teeth, of which the anterior in each case is obscure. The terminal segment is short, and the slightly arcuate anterior margin is deeply flve-lobed. The sternum is triangular and very broad, the breadth between the bases of the posterior legs being nearly as great as the length along the median line. The edges are slightly raised abov^e the bases of the legs, and terminate posteriorly, back of and below the base of the fifth leg, in a conspicuous spine, directed backward. The abdomen, to the tip of the telson, is twice as long as the carapax along the median line above, is at base much narrower than the cara- pax, and tapers regularly and so rapidly that at the sixth somite it is little more than two-thirds as broad as at base. There is a slight median carina on the second to the fifth somite, and the dorsal surface is naked and sparsely punctate, but otherwise nearly smooth. The pleura of the second, third, fourth, and fifth somites are nearly perpendicular and slightly carinated in the middle ; the second is broader than the others and nearly right-angled, but terminates in a spiniform tip, turned bacli;- ward ; the third is angular, but not spiniform at the extremity; and the fourth and fifth are obtuse or rounded. The sixth somite is about as long as, but considerably narrower than, the fifth, and its pleura are small and narrowly triangular. The telson is much longer than broad, tapers very slightly distally ; the posterior portion is very thin, delicate, ami transparent, and the posterior edge is slightly curved and the angles rounded. The lamellce of the uropods are as long as and much broader PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 431 than the telson, and, except a small portion near the base, are thin and transparent like the terminal i)art of the telson. Measurements. mm. Length from front of carapax to tip of telson IH. 7 Length from tips of autennic to tip of telson 23. 2 Length of carapax along median line above 6. 2 Lejigth of carapax along lateral margin 9. Greatest breadth of carapax 8. 3 Breadth between anterior angles 7. 5 Breadth posteriorly 6. Greatest thickness of cephalo-thorax 3. 5 Breadth of tirst somite of abdomen (i. 1 Breadth of sixth somite of abdomen 4.0 Station 872 ; 80 fathoms. In the outline of the edges of the segments of the antennae and in the divisions of the carinse of the carapax this species is much like A. Aynerl- canus Smith (Amer. Journ. Sci., 11, xlvii, p. 119, 1869 ; Scyllarus {Arctus) Gundlaehi von Martins, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., xxxviii, p. 123, pi. 5, fig. 13, 1872), the young of which it may possibly prove to be, though this seems very improbable considering that the specimen just described is half as long as ordinary specimens of A. Americanus, which is known from the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. Nephropsis aculeatus, sp. nov. Very closely allied to N'ephropsis Sfeicarti Wood-Mason (Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal, xlii, part ii, p. 39, pi. 4, 1873), described from a single female, 98'"" long and wanting the chelipeds, dredged in 260 to 300 fathoms in the Bay of Bengal. Male.—In specimens 30'""' to 31""^ in length the rostrum is very slightly longer proportionately than represented in the figures of M. Steicart% but in all other respects the carapax shows no difierences whatever. The abdomen is as represented in the figure of iV^. Steicarti, except that the pleura of the second to the fifth somite, inclusive, project farther down- ward and terminate in slender, acuminate, and spiuiform tips, and that the pleuron of the sixth somite is sharply right-angled below, and not rounded. The uropods and telson show no difierences whatever. The chelipeds are equal, or very nearly so, about a fourth longer than the carapax, including the rostrum, and are carried with the chela? held horizontally, as in Nephrops and Homarus. The merus is about as long as the rostrum, and is armed near its distal end with a slender spine above and a similar one below. The carpus is short, a little longer than broad, slightly broader than the distal i)art of the merus, and is armed with three small spines—one near the middle of the inner edge, one at its distal end, and another beneath at the articulation with the chela. The chela is scarcely longer than the merus and slightly broader than the carpus, somewhat compressed vertically, rounded above and below, and 432 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. witliont spines, except a few very minute dentiform ones along- the inner edge of the i)ropodus; the piopodal digit is longitudinal and tapers to a slender incurved tip ; the dactylus is a little longer and stouter than the propodal er surface and the inner edge of the carpus and the upx)er surface and both edges of the chela are thickly clothed with very long and soft pubescence, directed distally. The succeeding pairs of legs are very nearly as in N. Steivarfi. The second i^air are about three-fourths as long as the chelipeds, slender and perfectly chelate. The third pair are a little longer than the second and not quite as perfectly chelate. The fourth are a little longer tha.n, and the lifth about as long as, the chelipeds. Very imperfect /ewaZe specimens, considerably larger than the males above described, have the chelipeds a little larger and stouter propor- tionally than in the males, and the pleura of the second to the fifth somite of the abdomen very slightly less prolonged, but still acuminate and spiniform, and very dilierent from N. Stcivarti. One of the males and an imperfect female give the following: Measurements. Length from tip of roatium to tip of telson Leug'tli of cai-iipiix, including' rostrum Lengl h (if I'ostrura Leujith (if lostnim in front of spines Breadih of car.ipax Heitiht of caiiqias lieiiiitli (it (•li>'lii)e(ls Lentil li lus Length of .scroud pair of legs. Lcugtli uf uu'ius Lout^tli of carpus L(-n^ili of clj(.-la Brcadtl) of chela Length (if dactylus Lciiiitli of Ib.ird pair of legs Len^tii of carpus Lcngt li of pv^ ipodus Breadth ( if propodns Lpuy til of ]ir(i|iodal digit Length of dactylus. .." Length of loaiih pair of legs Length of jiropodus Length of d;ict\ Ills . Leugt h ( if lift h pair of legs Length (if ]ii(ipodus Length iif dactylus Leugt h of t clstiu Breadth of telson mm. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 433 to N'ephrops. The stimctiire and arrangement of the branchiae wore apparently not examined by Wood-Mason, but in our species they agree with Xephrnps Xorvegicus^ there being nineteen branchioe upon each side, arranged bke the nineteen posterior branchiae of each side of Ilomarus. The brancliia of the second maxilliped is wholly M^anting, unless it is represented by a minute, papilla-like process near the base of the epi- gnath. The oral appendages agree perfectly with those of Nephrops Nor- rcgicus. The densely pubescent chelipeds, however, are very different from the naked and carinated chelipeds of Nephrops, and probably afford an additional generic distinction. Axius armatus, sp. nov. Female.—The carapax is strongly compressed, about twice as long as high, smooth and nearly naked. The rostrum is narrow, acuminate, spiniform at the tip, and armed along each edge with four or five slen- der, acute, and spiniform teeth, directed forward and slightly upward. From the edge of the rostrum a sharj) lateral carina runs back on each side more than a third of the way to the cervical suture. The dorsal carina is sharp anteriorly, extends back nearly to the cervical suture, but anteriorly only as far as the posterior marginal teeth of the rostrum, and is armed with two spiniform teeth just back of the base of the ros- trum. About half way between the dorsal and lateral carinas there is a very distinct subdorsal carina, parallel with and extending back nearly as far as the dorsal, and in front turned abruptly inward opposite the posterior dorsal tooth, but not quite reaching the dorsal carina. The eyes are small and black. The peduncle of the antennula reaches by the tip of tlie rostrum the full length of the last segment, and the flagella are subequal in length and about as long as the carapax. The third segment of the peduncle of the antenna is armed with a slender spine on the lower side of the distal end. The distal spine on the second segment, at the base of the acicle, is slender, acute, and more than half as long as the rest of the segment, while the acicle is slender, straight, and as long as the fourth segment, which is slender, and about as long as the second segment to- gether with its distal spine. The fifth, or last, segment is not more than a third as long as the fourth. The flagellum is more than twice as long as the caraj)ax. The merus of the external maxilliped is armed at the distal extremity of the lower edge with two very long and slender spines. The larger cheliped is about twice as long as the carai^ax, and the chela itself, to the tip of the dactylus, is nearly as long as the carapax. The propodus is strongly compressed, about half as broad as the entire length and three-fourths as broad as the length of the basal jiortion, which is convex on both sides and has the edges sharp and carinated. The digital portion is longitudinal, about three-fourths the entire length, more than half as long as the basal portion, slightly upturned at the tip, Proc. Nat. Mu3. 80 28 Jan. 1 0, 1 8 8 1 . 434 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and armed with a stout tooth near the middle of the prehensile edge. The dactylus is as long as the basal portion of the propodus, about three- fourths longer than the propodal digit, strongly curved toward the tip, and the prehensile edge is sharp and minutely crenulate, but not toothed, and closes by the inner side of the tip of the propodus. The smaller cheliped is similar in form to the larger, but is considerably shorter and very much more slender, and the propodal digit is proportionately longer and its prehensile edge thin and minutely multidentate. Both cUelce are sparsely hairy on the digits and very slightly along the margins of the basal i)ortions. The second pair of legs are very slender and a little longer than the carapax; the merus is about as long as the carpus and chela taken together; the carjous is less than half as long as and slightly narrower than the merus and about three times as long as broad; the chela is slightly longer but scarcely broader than the carpus, and the digits are slender, longitudinal, not gaping, and a little shorter than the basal portion. The third and fourth jiairs of legs are very nearly alike, and as long as the second, but more slender ; the merus is about as long as the carpus and propodus together; the propodus is about a third longer than the cari)us; and the dactylus is slender, nearlj^ straight, and about two-fifths as long as the propodus. The fifth, or iiosterior, legs are considerably shorter and much more slender than the third and fourth pairs, being nearly cylindrical; the merus is about as long as the propodus; the carpus about three-fifths as long; the dactylus is about half as long as the carpus. The abdomen is much narrower than the carapax and not expanded in the middle, the sides being nearly straight and i^arallel. The lamellaj of the nropods are about as long as the telson, the outer as long as broad, the inner a little narrower. The telson is about a third longer than the sixth somite of the abdomen, about two-thirds as broad as long; the lateral edges are nearly parallel and each armed with about four small spines; the posterior margin is regularly arcuate. Near the middle of the dorsal surface there is a transverse line of four small spines, and there are one or two more between these and the tip. An imperfect male specimen, wanting the chelipeds and most of the abdomen, lias three spines in front on the dorsal carina, and the spines, of the rostrum slightly longer than in the female. The single female gives the following: mm. Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson 44. Length of carapax to tqi of rostrum 16.3 Length of rostrum 3.1 Height of carapax 8. 2 Breadth of carapax 7. Length of right cheliped 31.0 Length of k-ft cheliped 25.0 Length of right merus 8. 3 Length of left merus 7.0 Length of right jnopodus 12.5 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 435 mm. Length of left propodua 9. Breadth of right propodus (i.O Breadth of left propod us 3.1 Length of right propodal digit 4. .'j Length of left propodal digit 4.0 Length of right dactylus 8. Length of left dactylus 5. 2 Length of telson 5. 5 Breadth of telsou 3. d Stations 873 and 878 ; 100 and 142 fathoms. This species is at once distinguished from A. stirynchus and A. serratus by the narrower and acuminate rostrum, the teeth on the dorsal carina, the form of the chelipeds, and the more slender second, third, and fourth pairs of legs. In A. stirynchus and serratus the carpus in the second pair of legs is short, expanded distally, and less than half as broad as long, and the chela is nearly or quite half as broad as long. Axius serratus Stimpson (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 222, 1852; Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 55, pi. 10, fig. 4, 1879) was dredged the past season from the "Fish Hawk", in 20 fathoms, sandy bottom, in Narragansett Bay; and large specimens, taken on George's Banks, have been presented to the National Museum by Capt. John Q. Getchell and crew of the schooner "Otis P. Lord", of Gloucester, Mass. These specimens show that Stimpson's species is distinct from the Eu- ropean stirynchus. The serratus is at once distinguished by its broad and depressed abdomen, which expands laterally in the middle, and is much broader than the carapax. The fourth segment of the peduncle of the antenna and the acicle are both proioortionally much longer in serratus than in stirynchus, being nearly as long as in the species just described. The upper edge of the propodus in both chelipeds is thin and strongly carinated in serratus, but thick and rounded in stirynchus, and the smaller cheliped is much narrower and has much longer and more slender digits in serratus than in stirynchus. Pontophilus Norvegicus M. Sars. Stations 869, 870, 880, 881, 893, 894, 895 ; 155 to 372 fathoms. The largest females are 74'"™ long, the largest male 47""". Several of the specimens belong to the variety with the broad and obtuse rostrum described by Sars. Pontophilus brevirostris, sp. nov. Very closely allied to P. spinosus and P. Norvegicus, but readily dis- tinguished from both these species by the very short rostrum, which is tridentate, with the median tooth scarcely broader and very little longer than the lateral, about reaching to the cornea of the inner side of the eye and not projecting beyond the line of the spiniform outer angles of the orbits. The proportions of the body are more like spinosus than Korvegicus, but the carination and armature of the carapax are more 436 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. like Norvcgicus, wliile the sculpture of the distal souiites of the abdo- men is more like spinosua. The dorsal carina of the carapax is armed with three spines, and usually a smaller fourth one in front of the others and just back of the l^ase of the rostrum ; the subdorsal carina is armed with two spines, as in Worvegicus, and. often with a rudiment of a third behind these; the lateral carina does not extend back of the middle of the carapax, and is armed with a single spine, as in Norvegicus. There are no distinct car- in£e on the first four somites of the abdomen, but the fifth somite is flat- tened above and has subdorsal carinre slightly diverging posteriori^', and below these, each side, another carina, nearly ijarallel with the subdor- sal; and the sixth somite is flattened above and subdorsally carinated, as in sjnnosus^ though the carinoe are not quite as conspicuous on either somite as in that species. The eyes, antennulcie, and antennae are very nearly as in P. spinosus. The external maxillipeds reach a little beyond the tips of the clielipeds, the penultimate segment reaches nearly to the tip of the antennal scale, and the ultimate segment is a little less than twice as long as the penul- timate, while in P. Norvegicus it is about once and a half as long, and in P. spinosus much more than twice as long, as the the penultimate seg- ment. The thoracic legs differ scarcely at all from those of P. spinosus. The lamellflB of the uropods are very nearly as in P. spinosus. The inner lamella reaches nearly or quite to the tip of the telson, is lanceo- late, and six or seven times as long as broad ; the outer lamella is about a tenth shorter than the inner and about four times as long as broad. The telson is once and a fourth to once and two-fifths as long as the sixth somite of the abdomen, is verj^ narrow, slightly acuminate, and has a very narrow and acutely triangular tip, armed with only two very long, slender, and i)lumose setse, which arise near together from the under side. This species appears to be much smaller than either Norvegicus or spinosus. The following measurements are from two of the larger speci- mens : Length from tip of rostrum to end of telson Ijength of carapax along dorsum Length of rostrum in front of tho back of the orbit. Breadth of carapax at anteiior margin Greatest breadtb of carapax Length of sixth somite of abdomen Breadth of the same in the middle Length of telson Length of antennal scale mm. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 437 Hippolyte securifrons Norman. Stations 897 and 880 ; 225 and 252 fathoms ; three large females. The branchial formula of this species, written essentially after Hux- ley's method, is : Somites. 438 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. carapax is considerably more slender than in P. Monfagiii, and tlie pos- terior tooth of the dorsal carina is farther forward, being: much in front of tlie middle. The abdomen is more slender than in P. Montagui; but, except for the greater slenderness, there is scarcely any difference in the form or jjroportions of the somites, or the form and armature of the telson and nropods. There are slender exopods, about a third as long as the ischia, at the bases of the external maxillipeds, but the endopods themselves are as in P. Montagui; the merus reaches to the base of the flagellum of the antenna, and the tip falls considerably short of the tip of the antenna! scale. The first pair of legs are nearly as in P. Montagui. The right chelate leg of the second pair is shorter and stouter than in P. Montagui^ and scarcely reaches the tip of the corresponding leg of the first pair ; the ischium is about a fourth the entire length ; the merus is only a little shorter than the ischium ; the carpus increases in thickness distally, is a little longer than the ischium, not more than about once and a half as long as the merus, and usually composed of only five segments, the jnoximal half being wholly unsegmented or annulated, then three sub- equal and very distinct segments, about as broad as long, and these fol- lowed by the terminal segment, which is about as long as the three next l^receding; the chela is about half as long as the carpus and a little stouter than its distal end.* The left chelate leg is a little shorter and stouter than in P. Montagui^ but has about the same number of seg- ments in the merus and carpus, and does not differ in other respects. The third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs differ from tbose of P. 3fontagi(i in being a little more slender and in having much longer, much more slender, and nearly cylindrical dactyli, which are wholly unarmed, except a few small spinules beneath near the base. * The proportions of tho segments and the segmentation of the carpus in the nn- equal second pair of legs in the genus Pandalus appear to he usually very constant and to afford very good specific characters, hut they occasionally present very remarkahle variations. In carefully examining several hundred specimens of this species, onlj^ about half a dozen were found which varied from the above description in the seg- mentation of the left carpus ; two or three specimens had an additional hut less dis- tinctly indicated segment back of^the four distal ones, making six in all. Two speci- mens had three additional segments inserted in the same way, making eight in all; l»nt in both these specimens the segmentation was more or less irregular, and the addi- tional segments may have resulted from some injury. One large female, quite normal in other respects, has the right carpus multiarticulate throughout and composed of about eighteen segments, nearly as in P. Montar/ui; the whole leg, however, is shorter than in other specimens of the same size, and may have been reproduced, though I cannot see how this would explain its abnormal structure. Detailed measurements of both chelate legs in most of the^ abnormal specimens are given beyond in the tables of measurements. One female, 70'"'" long, stations 290 to 291, 30 to 31 fathoms, off Cape Cod, has the chelate legs reversed, just as in the specimen of P. projnnquus already referred to. PIIOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 439 Measurements. 10 11 Station. 373, off Cape Cod, 42 fathoms. 878, off Block Island 372, off Cape Cod, 70 fathoms. 878, off Block Island 878, off Block Island 372, off Cape Cod, 70 fathoms 878, off Block Island 878, off Block Island 372, off Cape Cod, 70 fathoms. 33, off Cape Ann, 90 fathoms . 33, off Cape Ann, 90 fathoms . 33, off Cape Ann, 90 fathoms. mni. 52 60 75 80 82 90 90 mm. 22.0 25.4 36.0 29.0 35.0 39.5 41.1 42.3 9 mm. 12.7 15.8 23.1 17.5 21.3 24.5 26. 2 27.2 27.4 -a 2 r: a mm. 5.5 6.0 6.5 8.0 8.9 9.5 10.2 3.2 3 + 8 + 1 6 2 + 8+] 7 2 + 9 + 1 7 2 + 8 + 1 2 + 10-J-l 2 + 9 + 1 7 2 + 10 + 1 2 + 9+1 6 2 + 9 + 1 2 + 10 + 1 7 2 + 10+ 1 2 + 9 + 1 Detailed measurements of each of the chelate legs, and the number of segments in the carpus, of nine of the above specimens are given below. The first three columns give the number, sex, and length of each specimen, as in the table above ; columns four to nine give the entire length of the leg and the lengths of each of the five distal seg- ments ; and the last column gives the number of segments in the car- pus. For the left carpus this last number is not perfectly definite, as the segmentation becomes irregular and indistinct toward the proximal end. 440 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM No. TROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 441 and appears to have been more common than P. Montagui, which occur- red with the leptocerus in 30 and 45 fathoms, and alone in 28 fathoms.* Pandalus teuuipes, sp. uov. This species is smaller but has a proportionally thicker body than P Montagui, and the surface of the carapax and abdomen are very mi- nutely roughened, somewhat as in the last species, but the punctata ridges are much less conspicuous and much more thickly crowded than in that species. The carapax, including the rostrum, is about two-fifths of the entire length, and the carapax proper is nearly as long as the rostrum, slightly swollen in the middle, somewhat contracted in front, as seen from above, and with the rostral carina extending back to about the middle, and armed, at about a third of the way from the front, with two to four slender teeth, crowded close together and rapidly decreasing in size posteriorly ; but between these teeth and the posterior tooth of the ros- trum the carina is wholly unarmed. The rostrum is curved upward a little more than in P. Montagui, is not expanded below, and is armed the whole length above with eight to ten teeth, which are usually more widely separated distally, though in some specimens the terminal two or three are crowded together near the tip ; beneath there are six to ten small teeth. The eyes are black and as broad as long, but shorter than in P. Montagui. The peduncle of the antennula reaches to near the middle of the antennal scale, and the two distal segments are subequal in length and each about as broad as long. The antennular flagella are subequal in length and much longer than the carapax, including the rostrum ; the proximal half of the outer flagellum is very much thickened, the terminal por- tion very slender, as is the inner ilagellum throughout. The antennal scale is approximately four-fifths as long as the rostrum, and of very nearly the same form as in P. Montagui. The external maxillipeds arc very slender, reach to about the tip of the rostrum, and have well-de- veloped exopods, fully half as long as the ischium ; the ischium is a little longer than the rest of the endopod, which is composed, as in P. Montagui, of only two distinct segments beyond the ischium, and in this case these two segments are subequal in length. The first pair of legs are very slender and reach to the tips of the ex- ternal maxillipeds. The second (chelate) legs are exactly alike, and reach to or considerably by the tips of the antennal scales. The ischium is a little longer than the merus ; the carpus a little less than twice as long as the merus, slightly shorter than the antennal scale, and com- posed of about fifteen segments, of which the proximal are separated by *In the report on the dredgiugs in the region of George's Banks (Smith and Har- ger, Trans. Conn. Acad., iii, pp. 1-57, pis. 1-8, 1874), "Fandaltts minulicornis" is re- ported from the following stations : b, 30 fathoms ; c, 28 fathoms ; d, 50 fathoms ; e, 60 fathoms; g, 4o0 fathoms; and q, 45 fathoms; hut on re-examining the specimens I find all those preserved from b, e, and g are P. leptocerus, the single specimen from c is P. Montagui, while from d and q there are specimens of hoth siiecies. 442 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM:. indistinct articulations, while the four or five distal ones are separated by conspicuous articulations, of which the ultimate is about twice as long as broad, but the next three or four, each, only about half as long as broad. The chela is slender, only a very little stouter than the distal end of the carpus, nearly a third as long as the carpus, and about half as long as the merus, and the digits are alike, about as long as the basal portion, slightly gaping, and with a very few long, setiform hairs. The third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs are exceedingly slender, sparsely armed with minute spinules and slender setaj ; and the dactyli are very long and slender, slightly and regularly bent, and flattened a little verti- cally (or in the direction of the plane of the cervature), and wholly un- armed ; the fifth pair reach beyond the tip of the rostrum, and the fourth and third pairs are successively a little longer; the dactylus in the fifth l^air is a third or a little more than a third as long as the propodus, in the fourth pair a little longer than in the fifth, and in the third pair not far from half as long as the i:)ropodus. The abdomen is evenly rounded and not at all compressed above, and less geniculated at the third segment than in P. 2Ionta(jui. The sixth segment is about once and two-thirds as long as the fifth. The telson is about once and a half as long as the sixth segment, and terminates in an acutely triangular tip, armed each side with two long spines, of which the proximal is very much the longer, and at the extreme tip with a few long, plumose setsB. Measurements. !2i PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 443 Some of tlie legs of these specimens give tlie following measure- ments: 444 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Penaeus politus, sp. nov. Male.—The carapax and abdomen are naked and smooth and the car- apax is armed with well-developed antennal, hepatic, and branchiostegial spines, but the sulci are all shallow and indistinct. The rostrum is short, acute, about two-fifths as long as the rest of the carapax, scarcely over- reaches the eyes, rises obliquely from the anterior part of the carapax, and then points straight forward ; its dorsal crest is armed with seven or eight teeth, of which the posterior one is just back of the orbit, while the two or three most anterior ones near the tip are small or inconspic- uous and nearer together than toward the base ; the lower edge is cil- iated and minutely multidentate, the teeth being slender, acute, and closely crowded, so that, to the naked eye, the edge appears entire. The dorsal crest extends nearly the whole length of the carapax, but grad- ually fades out posteriorly, and, at about a third of the way from the base of the rostrum to the posterior border, rises into a low and obscure denti- form prominence. The eyes are very large, obliquely compressed, and black. The peduncles of the antennulae reach to the tips of the antennal scales; the lamelliform appendages of the basal segments are small, narrow, and do not cover the eyes above, but lie concealed between the eye- stalks ; the second segments are slightly longer than the basal, while the third are not quite half as long as the secoud ; the inner flagellum is about as long as the carapax, including the rostrum, and tapers regu- larly throughout its length; the outer flagellum is slightly shorter than the inner, and suddenly exj)andod toward the base, but the terminal portion more slender than in the inner flagellum. The antennal scales are about twice as long as the rostrum, rather more than a fourth as wide as long, and taper regularly to the broadly rounded tips. The terminal segment of the peduncle of the antenna is scarcely a fourth as long as the antennal scale, and the flagellum is slender and much longer than the whole body. The external maxillipeds are slender, and reach a little beyond the middle of the antennal scale, and their exoi>ods to about the middle of the carpi of the endopods. The first i)air of legs reach only to the mid- dle of the carpi of the external maxillipeds, the second pair to near the middle of the propodi, and the third and fourth pairs to the tips of the external maxillipeds, and the fifth a little beyond the tips of the fourth pair. The dactyli of the fourth and fifth pairs are slightly comj)ressed, and only about half as long as the propodi. The first, second, and third abdominal somites are rounded above, but the fourth, fifth, and sixth are compressed and sharply carinated dorsally. The sixth somite is very much compressed, longer than the fourth and fifth taken together, and about twice as long as high. The telson is shorter than the sixth somite, dorsally sulcated with the mar- gins of the sulcus terminating posteriorly in a long spine either side of the tip, which is itself imperfect in the single specimen seen. The outer PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 445 lainelloe of the uropods are about as long as the sixth somite, oblong- elliptical, about four times as long as broad, and the terminal spine of the outer margin about a fourth of the way from the tip to the base. The inner lamella is a little shorter, and proportionally very slightly narrower. The bases of the first pair of abdominal legs are connected b}^ a very large and complex sexual appendage, nearly twice as long as the bases themselves. The only specimen seen is from station 878 (142 fathoms), and gives the following measurements : mm. Lengtli from tip of rostrum to tip of telson 61. Length of carapax and rostrum 20,0 Length of rostrum 5. 6 Breadth of carapax 6. 5 Length of antennal scale 11.0 Length of sixth abdominal somite 10. Length of telson 8.2+ Sergestes arcticus Kroyer, Oversigt dansko Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. Kjobenhaven, 1855, p. (6); Monograph. Sergestes, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., v, naturvidensk. mathem. Afh., iv, pp. 240, 27G, pi. 3, figs. 7, pi. 5, figs. 16, 1856. Stations 880, 881, 891, 893, 894; 252 to 500 fathoms; thirty speci- mens, most of them in good condition, and several about CO""" in length. Sergestes, sp. Station 893 ; 372 fathoms ; three specimens, over 60""" in length. The species is different from any described by Kroyer. SCHIZOPODA. Thysanopoda Norvegica Sars. Stations 879, 880 ; 225 and 252 fathoms. Lophogaster, sp. Station 870; 155 fathoms. A species very distinct from L. typicus Sars. Boreomysis arctica G. O. Sars, Christianiafjordens Dybvandsfauna, p. 26, 1869 (extr. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskberne) ; Christiania Videnskabs-Sels- kabs Forhandlinger, 1871, p. 264 (21).—Metzger, Jahresbericht der Comm. wissensch. Untersuchung der deutschen Meere fiir 1872, 1873, Nordsee, p. 288, 1875. — Mijsis arctica Kroyer, Et Bidrag til Kundskab ocn Krebsdyrfami- lien Mysidse, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, III, i, pp. 34, 42, pi. 1, fig. 5, 1861. Station 891 ; 500 fathoms. Pseudomma roseum G. O. Sars, Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1869, p. 154 (10) ; Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna, Mysider, part i, p. 54, pi. -4, 1870; Hardangerfjordens Fauna, Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1871, p. 263 (20); Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, Kristiania, ii, j). 344, 1877.—Metzger, Jahresbericht der Comm. zur wissensch. Untersuchung der deutschen Meere fiir 1872, 1873, Nords?e, \}. 288, 1875. — Whiteaves, Report on further Deep-Sea Dredging Operations in the GuK of St. Lawrence [in 1873], p. 16, [1874?].—Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 98, 1879. Station 891; 500 fathoms. 446 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CUMACEA. Diastylis quadrispinosus G. O. Sars. Stations 871, 873, 878 ,• 100 to 142 fathoms. STOMATOPODA. Lysiosquilla armata, sp. nov. This species appears to be closely allied to L. spinosa Miers, from the Indian Ocean and New Zealand, or at least more closely than to any of the other species contained in Mr. Miers's recent review of the Squillidse (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., V, v, pp. 1-40, pis. 1-3, 1880). The carapax is smooth and abont once and two-thirds as long as the breadth at the anterior margin, which is about two-thirds of the greatest breadth. The rostral plate is about half as broad as the anterior part of the carapax, very slightly longer than broad, the lateral edges not angulated, but strongly convex in outline, and curved regularly round to the short but sharp and acuminate tip. The four exposed thoracic somites and the first abdominal somite increase rapidly in breadth pos- teriorly, but from the second to the fifth somite the abdomen is of a nearly uniform width, which is about equal to the length of the carapax. The free thoracic somites, like the anterior abdominal, are smooth and unarmed, except that the first somite projects downward either side in a lamellar, transverse, dentiform process below the posterior margin of the carapax. The five anterior abdominal somites are evenly rounded above and smooth, but the posterior edge of the fourth somite is armed either side for about a fourth of its length from the lateral margin with slender, spiniform teeth, directed backward, and the entire i^osterior margin of the fifth somite is armed in the same way. The sixth somite is about three times as broad as long, only a little narrower than the fifth ; the postero-lateral angle each side is armed with a stout, denti- form spine, back of and within which the dorsal surface is uneven and armed with five to seven spines or tubercles, of which the two or three most posterior are slender spines, but the others more or less tuberculi- form and inconspicuous ; the middle portion of the dorsal surface is smooth, and the posterior margin, except a short space each side, is armed with slender, spiniform teeth, as in the fifth somite. The telson is nearly as wide as the sixth abdominal somite and about once and two-thirds as wide as long; the middle portion of the dorsal surface rises in a smooth, oval, longitudinal area, projecting behind abave the posterior margin, limited each side by a line of short spinules,.and its narrow posterior extremity truncated and three-lobed or obtusely tridentate ; each side of this smooth area the surface is armed with many spinules or small tubercles, showing a tendency to arrangement in longi- tudinal lines ; the lateral margins are expanded in front of the large lateral spines of the posterior margin and armed with a few spinules ; the posterior margin is armed each side with three spines, of which the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 447 two outer are large, dentiforin, and have a spinule between them, while the terminal or inner spines are smaller, slender, and movable, and scj)- arated from the large lateral spines by a space armed with three or four spinules, while the margin between the movable spines forms an obtuse, re-entering angle, each side of which is armed with a close-set series of seven to ten slender spinules. The eyes are large, as broad as the rostral plate, and black. The antenna! scale is narrowly elliptical, about three times as long as broad, and the margins ciliated. The prehensile edge of the dactylus of the large " raptorial limbs " (second maxdlipeds) is armed with ten slender spines, which decrease in length distally. The bases in each of the three posterior pairs of thoracic legs are armed on the outer side with a conspicuous, acute, and somewhat hooked spine, projecting over the articulation of the next segment. The appendages of the antipenulti- mate segments of the three posterior pairs of thoracic legs are lamellar and broadly elliptical, though those of the anterior pair are a little shorter and those of the posterior pair slightly narrower than the others. The base of the uropods is armed above with a spinulose crest, running from the base to the articulation of the outer ramus, and at the distal end below with two dentiform spines as long as the inner ramus, below the articulation of which there is another but much smaller spine on the base. The proximal segment of the outer ramus is crested above, the distal part of the outer edge is armed with a crowded series of stout, spiniform setse, and the lamellar terminal segment is elliptical, nearly as long as the base, and has its edges ciliated. The inner ramus is much longer and narrower than the terminal segment of the outer ramus, which in other respects it resembles. Measuremenis. Length L«ns h of carapax along median line, excluding rostrum . Breadth of carapax at anterior margin " Great I'st 1 irradtli of carapax Length of rostral plate Breadth of rostral plate '. ". . Greatest breadth of abdomen Length of telson Breadth of telson mm. 448 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. from 123 to 202 fathoms, nortli latitude 75° 30' to 80°, east longitude 17° 50' to 8o 15', west of Spitzbergen. A few, mostly small, specimens of this species were dredged at dif- ferent points in the Gulf of Maine, iu from 32 to 110 fathoms, 1873, 1874, and 1878, and in 88 fathoms (station 43), oft" Nova Scotia, in 1877. Mr. Whiteaves dredged it also in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in 1871, 1872, and 1873. Some of these northern specimens were labeled ^^Upimeria cornigeraV by me, and have been, so referred to by Mr. Whiteaves, in his reports on dredging exi)editions to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for November, 1872, and in the American Journal of Science, III, vii, 213, 1874 ; and by Professor Yerrill, in the last named serial, vii, p. 407, 411, 1874, and ix, p. 414, 1875. Haploops setosa Boeck, Cliristiania Vidensliabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1870, p. 228 (148) ; Scandinav. Arktiske Ampliipoder, p. 541, pi. 30, fig. 7, 1876.—G. O. Sars, Arcliiv for Matliematik Naturvidenskab, Kristiania, ii, p. 350, 1877. Station 880 ; 252 fathoms ; one specimen. I have examined numerous specimens of this species from different parts of the Gulf of Maine, the Bay of Fundy, off Nova Scotia, and from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Whiteaves). In the Bay of Fundy and off Nova Scotia the specimens were dredged in from 20 to 100 fathoms. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimpson. Stations 865 to 867, 872 ; 65 to 86 fiithoms. Ericthonius difformis Milne-Edwards. — Ccrapus ruhrieornis Stimpson.—Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, p. 278, 1880. Station 861 ; 192 fathoms ; three specimens. Unciola irrorata Say. — GJauconome leucopis Kroyer.—Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, p. 280, 1880. Stations 865 to 867, 869 to 872, 876, 778; 65 to 192 fathoms. Neohela phasma, sp. noY. — Xeohela, nom. nov., vice Mela Boeck, prseoc. This species is apparently very closely allied to JST. monstrosa Boeck,* but has well-developed eyes, and the propodus in the second pair of gnathopods is different in form, besides other slight difterences. Male.—The head is about as long as and, including the stout lateral spines, fully as broad as the first somite of the peroeon excluding its epimera ; the anterior edge is slightly carinated and slightly concave iu outline above the bases of the antennulae, leaving a slightly prominent and obtusely angular rostrum and a fully as prominent and more acute angle either side, just back of which the large and prominently convex eyes, salmon-colored in the recently preserved alcoholic specimen, are situated. The antennulse are much longer than the rest of the animal ; * Forhand. Scandinav. Naturforskeres Ki^benhaven, 1860, p. 669, 1861 ; Cliristiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1870, p. 261 (181); Scandinav. Arktiske Amphi- poder, p. 643, pi. 32, fig. 1, 1876. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 449 the first segment of the peduucle is nearly as long as the widtli of the head; the second segment is much more slender than the first and more than three times as long ; the third segment is more slender than the second and cousiderabl}' longer than tlie first ; there is a well-developed secondary flagellum, as long as the third segment and composed of about nine slender segments; the primary flagellum is very slender and about one and a half times as long as the peduncle. The third segment of the pedun(;le of the antenna just reaches tlie distal end of the first segment of the peduncle of the antennula; there is a small, spiuiform tubercle on the outside of the first segment, in line with the lateral spine of the head and the spiniform anterior angles of the first and second epiraera. The distal portion of each antenna is wanting in the single specimen examined. The first gnathopods are of nearly the same form as in iV. monstrosa, as figureil by Boeck, but the inferior edge of the propodus is nearly straight, and the spine at the distal end is directed straight out in line with the edge, and not downward as in the figure ot N. monstrosa. In the second pair of gnathopods the carpus is about twice as long as broad, and has the unarmed i^rehensile edge much less oblique than represented in the figure of iV. monstrosa. The first three pairs of i)er- ieopods are very nearly as in N'. monstrosa ; the last two pairs are want- ing in the specimen. The pleon is nearly as high but very much narrower than the last so- mites of the perreon : the first three somites are subequal in size and very similar in form; the fourth is as long but not quite as high as the third ; the fifth is not more than two-thirds as long as the fourth ; the sixth is only about half as long as the fifth. The telson is partially consolidated with the sixth somite, and somewhat triangular, with an obtuse lip. The uropods are as in N. monstrosa. Measurements. mm. Length from front of head to tip of telson 25. Length of head and peraeou 17. 8 Length of antennula 35. Length of lirst segment of peduncle 2. 4 Length of second segment S.2 Length of third segment ,*?. 2 Length of secondary flagellum 3. 2 Length of carpus in first gnathopod 3. 1 Breadth of same 1. 8 Length of propodus of first gnathopod 2. 5 Breadth of same 2. Lengi h of dactyl us 2. 7 Length of carpus of second gnathopod 2. Breadth of same 1.4 Length of propodus of second gnathopod 2. 5 Breadth of same 1.8 Length of dactylns 2. Proc. Nat. Mus. SO 29 Jan. 31, 1881. 450 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Station 893; 372 fatlioms; one specimen. N. monstrosa, the type of this remarkable genus, and heretofore the only known species, was described from a single specimen, wanting most of the anlenuulie and antenniie, dredged in Christiania Fiord, in 20 to 30 fathoms ; and G. O. Sars has recently recorded a single muti- lated specimen, dredged in 1,215 fathoms, between Norway and Iceland, by the Norwegian expedition of 187G. ISOPODA.* Janira alta Harger ex Stimpsou. Stations 865 to 807, 892 ; G5 to 487 fathoms. Munuopsis typica M. Sars. Station 878; 142 fathoms. Cirolaua polita Harger ex Stimpson. Stations 871, 873, 876; 100 to 120 fathoms. Gnathia cerina Harger ex Stimpson. Stations 865 to 867, 892 ; 65 to 487 fathoms. Syscenus infelix Harger, Marine Isopocla of New England, Report United States Fish Commission, vi, for 1878, p. 387, 1880. Stations 893 to 895 ; 238 to 372 fathoms. The following tabular synopsis of the known geographical distribution and the bathymetrical range, as far as ascertained by the investigations on our own coast, gives the principal facts in regard to the distribution of the species, and it will also serve as a condensed list of the species enumerated in the foregoing pages. In the first column the species are checked which are known to occur in the Straits of Florida or anywhere in the Caribbean region ; in the second, those known in the shallow waters (under 30 fathoms) of the south coast of New England; in the third, those known from any part of the region from Cai)e Cod to Labrador; in the fourth, those known to occur in Greenland; in the fifth, those known on the coasts of Northern Europe or in the eastein part of the extreme North Atlantic; and in the sixtfi, those known from the Mediterranean. * The Isopoda have been placed in Mr. Harger'a hands for determination, bnt he has very kindly identified for me the few species here ennmei"ated, which, however, are ^nly a part of the whole number obtained. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 451 List of the species enumerated in the foregoing paper, with a tabular statement of their geo- graphical and bathymetrical range. 452 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A mimerical summation of tlie columns of the above table gives the following: PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 453 seen by the writers are placed iu italics. A vertical column is given for each of the principal localities, and a cross ia any column opposite the name of a species indicates that we have obtained or examined, while in the field, specimens from the locality in question. In the last column, S. indicates a general southern distribution, most usually from Point Concepcion or Monterey to Magdalena Bay or Cape San Lucas ; N. indicates a general northern distribution, usually from Monterey or Cape Mendocino to Sitka, or beyond ; C. indicates the distinctively Californian fauna, the abundance being usually greatest about Monterey and San Francisco. This fauna is chiefly composed of the two viv ii)a- rous families Scorpcenidce and Embiotocidm. It will be noticed that the number of species obtained in Monterey Bay and about San Francisco is considerably greater than at any other points. This is partly due to the fact that these regions have more extensive fisheries than others. There is no doubt, however, that more species of fishes really occur from Monterey to Point Reyes than elsewhere on the coast. Monterey Bay is the common meeting ground of the semi-tropi- cal and semi-arctic fish faunse. There is nowhere an abrupt change along the coast. The three capes, Flattery, Mendocino, and Point Con- cepcion, are to some extent points of division. Name, 1. Mola rotunda Cuvier 2. Diodon maculatus Lac . 3. Tetrodou politus Ayres 4. Hippocampus ingens Grd 5. Riphostonia punctipinne (Gill) J. & G. . . 6. Siphostonia Irptiirhvnibus* (Grd.) Gill 7. Siphostoma diniidiatum Gill 8. Siphostoma calil'oinicnset (Storer) Gill. + + + 9. Aulorliynclius flavidus Gill . 10. Gasterosteus (aculeatus) serratus Ayres. 11. Gasterosteus miciocephalus Grd + 12. Aphoristia atricauda J. & G 13. Pleuroniclithys verticalis J. &G 14. Pleuronichthys decurrcn.s; J. & G 15. Pleuronichthys creuosns ('r7d IG. Hypsopsetta'}£uttulat;i (Cnl.) Gill 17. Cyuicoglossns patilicus Lock , 18. Glyptocciihalus /,;u-liiriis Lock .. 19. Pleuronrclcs st llatus Pallas \- 20. Lepid()i)s.tta liiliiicata^ (Ayres) Gill + 21. Parophivs isilurus J. & G -1- 22. Paroi)hrvs isiil. pis (Lock.) J. &. G + 23. Parophrvs vet iiliis Grd + 24. Cithariciith\s sonlidus (Grd.) Gthr + 25. Psettichthys melanostictus Grd | -1- + S. C. c. + N. + + -h -f *Synf:nathn8 aiundinaceus Grd. tSynguathus griseoliueatiis Ayres. Kom. sp. nov.—PliurouichthVs quadrituborculatus J. & G. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, iii, 50 non Tleuro)iec'.eiiquadritnherciilatus Pallas. * §Pleuronectes perarcuatus Cope. 454 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Kame. 26. Hippoglossoides exilis J. &. G- 27. Hippoglossoides elas.sodon J. & G 28. Hippoiilossoides jordani Lock 29. Par.ilichthys maculosus Grd 30. Xy.strtnirys liolepis J. & G- 31. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem 3-i. Atlierestlies stomias J. & G- 33. Merlucins productus (Ayres) Gill 34. Pollacliiiis chalcogrammus* (Pallas) J. & G. 35. Gadus moriliuat L 36. Microgadus pro.xiinus (Grd.) Gill 37. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres) Gill. 38. Ophidium taylori Grd 39. Scytalina cerdale J. & G 40. Lycodopsis paucidens (Lock.) Gill 41. Lycodopsis pacificus Collott 42. Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres . 58. Lunipenus anguillaris (Pallas) Gill Xiphistcr nipistris J. & G Xipbistcr mucosusj (Grd.) Jor Xiphister cliiras J. & G Cebedicbthys violaceus Grd Anoplarchiis alectroloplius § (Pallas) J. & G. Apodicbthys flavidus Grd Apodicbtbys fiicorum J. & G Murainoidcs oruatns (Grd. ) Gill Murajnoides Ipctus (Cope) Gill Cromnohates integripinnis Rosa Smith Gibbonsia elogans Cooper Uctero.stiobiis rostratus Grd Ncofliims blancbardi Grd Neoclinus satiiicus Grd Hypleurocbilus gentilis (Grd.) GiU 59. Porichthys porosissimus (Cuv. & Val.) Gthr. CO. Gobiesox reticulatus Grd 61. Emiiicrotreiuus orbis (Gthr.) Gill. 62. N^eoliparis mucosus (Ayres) Steind . C:!. Liparis cyclojius Gtbr 64. Lii^aris pulchellus Ayres 65. Aspidophoroides inermis Gtbr 66. Bracbyopsis verrucosus Lock , 67. Bracbyopsis xyosternus J. & G 68. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gill- 69. Podotbecus vulsus J. & G 70. Podotbecu.s trispinnsns (Lock.) J. & G 71. Bothragonus swani (Steiud.) Gill 72. Prionotns stepbanopbrys Lock Ascplicbtbys rbodorus J. & G P.syclirolutca paradoxus Gtbr Coftns polyncantbocepbalus Pallas Artedius lateralis Grd Artedius notospilotus Grd Artedius quadri.smatus Lock , Artedius puiietti'usis Steiud Heiiiib'i)ic!otus .«])iuosHS Ayres Heniilcpidotus ^ibbsi Gill '. Aspk'ot tus bisou Grd , Scorpajnicbtbys maimoratus Grd. . + + * Gadus peT'iscopus Cope. t Gadus auratus Cope ; Gadus morrhua L. {fide Bean.)=t:Gf. macrocephalus Tiles. t Xipbidium cruorcum Cope. SUpidium atropurpureum Kittlitz =^ Anoplarcbua crista-galli Gthr. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 455 Name. 84. Leptocottus armatus Grd 85. Liocottus birundo Girard 86. Oligocottus globicep.s Grd 87. Oligocottus maculosu.s Grd 88. Oligocottus analis Grd 8f>. Blepsias ciirhosu-s (Pallas) Gthr. 00. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd . 91. 02. 93. 94. 05. 06. 07. 08. 99. lUI). IM. ]02. lo:i. :o4. 105. i(j(j. 1U7. n;8. luo. 110. 111. nii. IKi. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. Scorpffina guttata Grd Seb;istichthys nigrociuctns (Ayres) Gill . Scba.st ii'litbya serriceps J. & G Seba.stirbtbys ucbulosus (Ayres) Gill ... Sebasticbtbys cbrysomelas J. & G Sebasticbtbys carnatus J. & G Sebasticbtys maliger J. & G Sebastiebtb vs caurinus (Ricb.) J. & G. . var. vcxillaris J. & G Sebasticbtbys rastrcUiger J. & G Sebasticbtbys auriciilatus (Grd.) Gill Sebcsticblbys ruluiviiictus J. & G Sebasticbtbys cblorost ictus .T. & G Sebasticbtbys rbodocliloiis J &. G Sebasticbtbys rosaceus (Grd ) Lock Sebasticbtbys constellatus J. & G Sebasticbtbys ruber (Ayres) Lock Sebasticbtbys miniatus J. & G Sebasticbtbys piunigcr (Gill) Lock Sebasticlitbys atrovirens •/. & G Sebasticbtbys elongatus (Ayres) Gill .-. Sebasticbtbys proriger J. & (J- Sebasticbtbys ovalis (Ayres) Lock Sebasticiitb.>-8 entomclas J. & G Sebasticbtbys m.\ stinus" J. & G Sebasticbtbys mel".nops (Grd.) J. & G.. Sebasticbtbys ilavidus (Ayres) Lock Sebastoues paucispinis (Ayres) Gill HexagTamiiJus asper J: Steller Ilexagrammus supercili()sus§ (Pr.llas) J. & G. . Hexagrammus decagramnins|| (Pnllns) J. & G. Sexagramnius nebulosus (Grd.) J. & G Opbiodcu elongatus Gid Zauiolepis latipiniiis Grd : Osylebius pictus Gill !Myriolepis zonifer Lock Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill 127. Gohivs glaucofrcenwn (Gill) J. & G. . . 128. Lepidogobius gTacills (Gvd.) Gill -.- 129. Lepidogobius nc^wb'iryi (Grd.) Gill.. i:!0. Gillicbtbys luirabilis Cooper 131. Crystallogobius eos Kosa Smitb Mss . 132. Tricbodon stclleri C.wy. & Val 133. Caulolatilus anomalus (Cooper) Gill , 134. Batbyniaster signatus Copr . 135. Icicbtbys lockinatoiii J. & G. 136. Icosteus icnigruaticus Lock. . 137. TracbypterusH ?.'iltivelis Kuer ... . 138. Hypsypops rubicuudus (Grd.) Gill 139. Cbromis puuctipinuis Cooper 140. Psoudojulis modestns (Grd.) Gtbr 141. Platyglossus seinicinctus (Ayres) Gthr. 142. Pimelbmetopon pulcber (Ayres) GiU. ... + + + *Noin. sp. iiov.=Sebastodos molauops Ayres, non Sebagtes melanops Grd. t Sebastosomus siniulans Gill. JCbirus trigramuuis Cope. §Cbirus ]>ictus Gid.- Cbirus balias Cope. llCbirus guttatus Grd. (?); Cbirus constellatus Grd. (cT); Cbirus maculoscriatus Lock. ($). 11 Takea at Sauta Cruz by L)r, C. L. Anderson, and at Cape Flattery by James G. Swan. 456 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Name. 143. 144. 145. 140. 147. 148. 140. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 150. 157. 158. 159. Abeona minima (Gibbons) Gill Abcona aurora J. -ngeals in Ditrema temminchi are of the normal type as in Emhiotoca. Ditrema is therefore identical with Phanerodon Grd., and no character of iuipoitanco distinguishes ''Phanerodon'' from Embiotoea. Emhiotoca argyrosoma Grd , is identical with Bainali- chthys vacca. t Kphippus zonatus Grd. JUmbiiua undulata Steind., non Grd. § TTiubrina elongata Gtbr. II Otolith us caliiorniensis Steind. H Otolithus magdalenas Stoind. ** Seriola ma/.atlana Steind. tt Orcynus paciticus Cooper. It PelamirS lineolata Grd. §§.Cbriomitra concolor Lock. ; Cbriomitra Lock.=Cybium C. & V.=Scomberomoru8 Lf>.c. III! Scomber diego Ayres. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 457 Name. 458 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Name. TROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 459 oiv the: oeneric rx:l.atioiv8 of belong exii^is girard. By DAVBD S. JORDAN and C£IAKILES H. OILBEKT. The '' neeclle-fisli" [Belone exilis Girard), of the Califoruia coast, differs from the type of the genus Belone in the development of the gill-rakers. In Belone vulgaris the gill-rakers are well develo])e(l, loug, and .slender, and a patch of teeth is x^resent on the vomer. In Belone exilis the gill- rakers are entirely wanting, and there are no vomerine teeth. The gill-rakers are also wanting in the Atlantic species, Belone lomjirostris (Mitch.), Belone latimana Poey, Belone melanocMra Poey, Belone notata Poej", and Belone Mans (Cuv. & Val.), and probably also in Belone can- traini, which is the type of the gouus Tylosurus Cocco. Tbe generic name Tylosurus may therefore be provisionally adopted for the species of Belone without gill-rakers. The caudal keel on which the genus Tylo- surus was based, and which is develoj)ed in T. exilis as in T. cantraini, has apiiarently no systematic importance. Bloomington, Ind., December 2, 1880. NOTES ON A COIil^ECTION OF FISHES FROm UTAH I.AKE. By DAVIO S. JORDAN and CHARI.ES H. OII.BEKT. A short visit to Provo, Utah, on Utah Lake, enableS^. gairdneri Rich., {S. trun- catus Suckley) have scarcely yet become completely differentiated. S. henshawi Gill & Jor. is a marked local variety of 8. purpuratus. 4. Sqiialius taenia (Cope) J. & G.—Leather-side Minnow. Very abundant. We find it impossible to separate the genera 8quaUus, TelesteSj Tigoma, Siboma, Cheonda, and Clinostonius, and we adopt for the whole group the name of 8qualius. The genus Dohula was established by Rafiuesque in the Ichthyologia Ohiensis (1820, p. 45). Although no type is stated, it was probably based on the Cyprinus dohula L., after- wards the type of 8quaUus Bonaparte. 5. Squalius montanus (Cope) J. «&> G. Also abundant. 6. Squalius cruoreus, sp. nov. Allied to 8quaUus ardesiacuft Cope, but with larger scales and shorter head. * We are unable to perceive any distinction between the Psychrolutidce and the Cot- iidce. Psychrolutes has a rudimentary spinous dorsal, hidden in the loose skin. tin Cottus granJandicus, polyacanthocephahts, and scorpius a small pore is present be- hind the last gill. In other species {octodecimspinosus ceneus, scorpioides), the slit appears to be wholly obliterated. In a specimen of C. polyacanthocephalus of about two feet iu length there is visible a minute pore representing the usual last slit. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 461 Form of the species termed ^^Clinostomns^', but less compressed. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, symmetrical, the back considerably arched ; caudal peduncle rather stout. Head subconical, latertilly compressed, broad and rounded above; mouth short, oblique, jaws about equal. Premaxillary in front on the level of the lower edge of the pupil; maxillary reaching to opposite the front of the eye. Eye large, about as long as snout, 4i in head. Isthmus narrow; scales firm, not closely imbricated ; the belly with imbedded scales. Lateral line complete, running low, but not greatly decurved. Dorsal fin inserted a little behind the ventrals, scarcely nearer base of caudal than snout. Caudal tin eveiiiy forked. Pectorals shortish, not reaching nearly to the ventrals ; the ventrals reaching to the 's^ent. Dead contained 4 times in length to base of caudal; greatest depth equal to length of head Fin-rays: Dorsal 0; anal 8. Scales ll-5!5--0. Teeth 2, 5-4, 2, without evident masticatory surface. This latter character is, however, so v;iri- ablein the Cvpnuoids of this tyi>e as to be scarcely' even of specific value. Hack and fins dusuy bluish; sides of body and head dark, with tine punctulations ; a red si)ot at base of each ventral and of anal. Numerous specimens, the longest (i inches in length. This species is re- lated to IS. iirdeshivvH (Cope), but it has a deeper body and larger scales, the pectorals are shorter anil length of the head proportionately Tess. 7. Squalius copei, s;i. nov. {Hubupsis egrcgiiis CoTpe, Aun. Eept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 1870,438; Cope & Yarrow, Wheeler's Expl. W. lOOtli Mer. v, 662, 1877; uot Tvjoma egrcgia Girard. ) Numerous specimens of this species were obtained at Evanston, Wyo., of boys fishing with hook and line in tributaries of Bear Eiver. It has not been observed in Utah Lake. As the original types of Tigoma egregia, examined by us, have CG scales only in the lateral line, the species called Tigoma egregia by Professor Cope is distinct from it, and may receive the above specific name. 8. Squalius atrarius (Girard) J. & G. This "chub" is very abundant iu Utah Lake. It is exceedingly destructive to the young trout, well meriting the epithet of "devilish chub" applied to it by JVlr. Madsen. 9. Squalius rhomaleus, sp. nov. Allied to Squalius niger (Cope), but with the large scales of Squalius squamatus (Gill). Body robust, elevated anteriorly, somewhat compressed or flat-sided, although the back is very broad. Head broad, considerably concave in profile as seen from the side, as in the groups called PlaU/gohio and Gila; the interocular space flattish, scarcely raised above the level of the upper edge of the eye. Snout rather broad, somewhat elevated at tip; the premaxillary on the level of the j)upil ; the form of the head resem- bling that of Chasmistes. Mouth very oblique, its cleft at an angle of about 45°; the mandible much projecting. Maxillary extending to the 462 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. front of the eye. Eye small, anteriorly placed, its diameter If in snont, 7 times in the length of the head. Isthmus very narrow, the gill-open- ings extending forward below. Teeth 2, 5-4, 2 ; one of the teeth in the larger series with a broad, flattish, grinding surface, the others convex; the teeth comparatively short and stout. Scales large for the genus, subequal over tlie body, rather smaller on the belly, their texture firm, tlieir exposed surfaces very broad and hexagonal. Dorsal fin inserted directly over the ventrals, behind the middle of the body. Caudal tin evenly forked, on a stout, rather long caudal peduncle, the rudimentary rays at its base not more than usually develoi^ed. Pectorals not long, extending three-fifths the distance to the ventrals; the ventrals about to the vent; the lower fins all short. Fin-rays: Dorsal 9; anal 8. Scales 10-55-5. Length of head contained 3J times in the total length to the base of caudal ; the greatest depth of the body about the same. Color blackish, fins all dusky. The ground shade is somewhat sil- very, but the color is rendered very dark by the large number of small black specks. The typical specimens, two in number, are about a foot in length. This is therefore one of the largest members of the genus. 10. Apocope vulnerata Cope. Numerous specimens, some of them 5 inches in length. The large specimens have the lateral line develoijed anteriorly only. Pectoral fins short, not reaching nearly to ventrals. Lat. 1. about 70. 11. Chasmistes liorus Jordan. — June Sucker. A considerable number of fine specimens of this interesting species are in the collection, all of them about 18 inches in length. Color oliAa- ceous above, with dusky mottlings formed of dark points; belly white; tins chiefly pale, shaded at the tips with dusky. Anal and lower lobe of caudal tuberculate in the males. Body slender, heavy at the shoul- ders, somewhat compressed, the caudal i^eduncle stoutish ; depth of body at the shoulders half more than its thickness. Head not conic, low at the nape, and strongly concave in profile above, from the great promi- nence of the premaxillary spines, which form a conspicuous nose, elevated above the eye, and with its top even with the interorbital space, which is very broad and nearly flat. Preorbital large ; suborbital moderate. Mouth large and very oblique, anteriorly on the level of the suborbital bones; the mandible strong, i)laced at an angle of 45°, its base below the nostrils, its length equal to that of the snout, which is about three- sevenths that of the head. Upper lip somewhat protractile, narrow, vertical, its edge smooth ; lower lip narrow, the two lobes well sepa- rated, very faintly plicate, the plicae slightly uneven. No cartilaginous sheath to the jaws. Interorbital space nearly equal to length of snout. Eye small, exactly medinn, 7 in head. Isthmus as broad as eye. Phar- yngeal teeth essentially as in Catostomus. Scales much reduced in size and crowded anteriorly, those on the breast imbedded in the skin. Scales PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 463 7-61-9 ; 28 series in front of the dorsal. Insertion of dorsal nearly mid- way between snout and base of candal, the fin elevated in front, the anterior ray twice the height of the posterior, and about equal to the base of the fin ; the free margin of the fin nearly straight. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe the longer. Lower fins all small. Dorsal rays 11 ; anal 7. 12. Catostomus fecundus Cope & Yarrow. — Utah Sucker. This species occurs in Utah Lake in numbers which are simply enor- mous, justifying Mr. Madsen's assertion that the lake is the "greatest sucker pond in the universe". It is very destructive to the trout. It ascends the rivers in the spring to spawn at the same time as the latter species, on the eggs of which it feeds. In the interest of the food sui)- ply of Salt Lake \vity an organized attempt at the reduction or extirpa- tion of this species may become necessary. The old trout feed largely on the young of this species, but tlie "suckers eat the trout first". jSTo full description of Catostomus fecundus has been yet published. It will be seen from the following account that it is well separated from all its congeners, and that in many respects it approaches Ckasmistes liorus. It is, in fact, jjrobably the parent stock of the genus Ckasmistes. Body moderately stout, a little elevated, not much compressed, taper- ing into a long and slender caudal peduncle. Head subconic, the pro- file regularly decurved from the nape to the base of the premaxillary spines, which abruptly i)rotrude, forming a distinct "nose", as in Ckasmistes liorus, Preorbital long. Premaxillary a little below the level of the preorbital. Mandible large, oblique, placed at an angle of 30° when the mouth is closed ; its length about one-third that of the head. Upper lip protractile, full, pendant, with about four rows of coarse x>apill8e. Lower lip moderately developed, divided nearly into two parts by a broad emargiuation, each lobe with about six rows of coarse paj)illre. Mouth not large. Interorbital space strongly convex, its width nearly equal to length of snout. Eye a little behind the mid. die of the head, its diameter contained 7 times in the length of the head. Isthmus broader than eye. Scales 8-G0-8, reduced in size forward; breast scaly. Insertion of dorsal about midway between snout and base of caudal; the first ray nearly twice the height of the last, its length greater than that of the base of the fin. Caudal fin moderatelj^ forked, the lower lobe longest and widest. Pectorals long, reaching more than half way to ventrals, the latter not to vent. Anal high. Fin-rays: Dorsal 11; anal 7 ; ventrals 9. Length of head contained 4 times in total length to base of caudal ; greatest depth 4^ times. Color blackish above, sil- very below, the fins slightly dusky tinged, the dark colors formed of black points. This species seems to reach a smaller size than the other lake suckers. 464 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STx\TES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13. Catostomus ardens, sp. nov. (? Catostomus f/uzmaniensis Cope &, Yarrow; not of Girard.) A large, thick-lipped species, allied to C. macrocMlus, &c. Body rather eloQgate, subfiisiform, little compressed, the back broad and somewhat elevated. Head conical, broad and convex above, the front regularly sloping from the nape to the snout. Mouth entirely inferior, the mandible quite horizontal, the preraaxillaries scarcely raised , above the level of the base of the mandible. Upper lip very wide, full, pendant, with about eight rows of coarse, irregular papillae, of which the second and third rows from the inside are much larger than the others; upper lip continuous with the lower at the angle of the mouth, the lower lip cut to the base in the middle by a deep, abruj^t incision Front of eye midway in head. Eye very small, 7 in head, 3^ in the convex interorbital space. Isthmus broad, half brolitler than the eye. Fontanelle large, as in the other species noticed in this paper. Scales crowded anteriorly, 9-65-9. Breast with evident imbedded scales. Dor- sal fin inserted a little behind the middle of the body, long and low,- its anterior rays but three-fonrths the length of the base of the fin, 1^ the length of the last rays ; the fr^e edge of the fin straight. Caudal fin short and broad, about equally forked, its upper lobe two-thirds the length of the head. Pectorals short and broad, their length three- fourths that of the head. Ventrals short, not quite reaching vent. Anal very high, reaching caudal. Dorsal rays 13 ; anal 7. Length of head 3| in body to base of caudal ; greatest depth 4i. Teeth essen- tially as in the others. Color blackish above, blotched with darker, the whole back and sides obscurely spotted ; belly white ; a narrow, bright, rosy, lateral band on the anterior part of the body, overlying the blackish ; fins mostly dusky mottled ; top and sides of head rendered dusky by the presence of many dark si)ecks. This species is described from a large adult male nearly 18 inches in length, besides which we have a single young specimen. There is another specimen in the collection, a large male fish 18 inches long, which agrees entirely with the type of G. ardens, with the following exceptions : The lower lip is wider, with less conspicuous, coarse, irregular papillae, in 8 to 10 rows ; the upper lip with two rows of large papillae and several series of small ones. The caudal fin is much larger, the upper lobe three-fourths the length of the head, the lower broader than the upper; the pectoral fin is very long, but little shorter than head; and the ventrals reach the vent. Tbe dorsal has 12 rays, and is long and low, as in G. ardens. The scales on the breast are almost obsolete. The isthmus shows a structure very ditterent from that of any other Catostomoid fish known. The gill membranes are partly free posteriorly, their free margins forming a broad fokl across the narrow isthmus, as in the genus Gottus. This structure appears normal, and is not the result of injury. If it be permanent, this form should i)robably constitute a distinct genus j if not, it may not be sepa- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4C5 lable as a species from Catostonius arden.s. Meanwhile we abstain from giving a new name until more specimens can be obtained to settle the question. Indiana State University, December 4, 1880. »ESCRDI»T30:V OF A TSISW^ SPECIES OF "ItOCK FISH" (SEBASTI4JH- TDIYS CBIRVSOMELiAS), FKOM THE COAST OF CAI.IFORIVI A. By DAVID S. JORDAN nsid CHARLES H. OILBERT. Sebastichthys chrysomelas, sp. nov. {SebasUchthyti nebulosm Jordtm &, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1h,s0,'7.3, and elsewhere ; uot Sehastes nebulosus Ayres.) In i)revious papers on the California rock-fish Ave have provisionally identified one of the common species as the Sebastes nebulosus of Ayres. Ayres himself, however, considered his own nebulosus as without ques- tion the Sebastes fasciatus of Girard, which is the Sebastichthys fascio- laris of Lockiugton. The two species agree closely in general charac- ters, but diii'er in the development of the spines on the head, and especially in color, the ^'fasciolaris" having the yellow markings in the form of small spots or specklings, which are confluent along the sides, forming a sort of band, the other species having the yellow areas all large. The original description of Sebastes nebnlosus Ayres (Proc. Cal. Acad. iSTat. Sci. i, 5, 1854) applies in the main to both species ; bat the account of the coloration applies to S. fasciolaris Lockington, and not to our " S. nebulosus ". Ayres says : "In color this fish is finely mottled with dusky yellow and dark brown ; on tiie fins the latter hue predominates, and the lighter mot- tlings have rather a bluish aspect." We propose, therefore, to CAmaidor fasciolaris a synonym of nebulosus, and to give to the species previously called nebulosus by us the new name chrysomelas, in allusion to its yellow and black coloration. Description.—Body short and stout, not much compressed ; highest at the origin of the first dorsal, thence tapering rapidly to the tail. Head short, bluntish, the profile very steep. Mouth rather small, nearly horizontal, entirely below the axis of the body. Lower jaw rather shorter than the upper in the closed mouth; no prominent symphyseal knob. Premaxillaries anteriorly on the level of the lower edge of the orbit; maxillary reaching the vertical from the i)osterior margin of the l)upil. Preorbital wide, its neck about half the diameter of the eye, its mar- gin sinuate, usually with a spine. Ridges on top of head very i)rominent, high and strong, ending in strong spines, which diverge backward. They are a little stronger than in S. carnatus, but lower than in S. nebulosus. The following pairs are present: Nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, and occipital, five in all. Preopercular spines short and thick, the uppermost usually the Proc. Nat. Mus. 30 30 Feb. 16, 188 1. 466 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lougest. Opercular spines usual. A small spiue ou the iuteropercle and one on the subopercle at the junction of the two bones. Supra- scapular spines present. Gill-rakers short, rather thick, compressed and somewhat clavate, the longest about two-ninths the diameter of the orbit. Scales moderate, rough, the accessory ones few; about 56 trans- verse series. Lower jaw, maxillary, nasal region, and space in front of eye naked. Dorsal spines high and strong, the third to sixth spines subequal and highest, rather higher than the highest soft rays. Dorsal fin dqeply emarginate. Second anal spine much stronger than third, the two about equal in length. Pectorals with very broad base, reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals, which reach nearly to the vent. The lower pectoral rays thickened. Caudal slightly rounded. D. XII, I, 13 ; A. Ill, 6. Coloration black and yellow; the latter shade is usually a clear, warm, brownish yellow, with some specks of deeper orange. It varies from a dusky orange to olivaceous yellow, the latter color more often seen on the belly. The dark shades are black or dark brown, with slight olive tinge. The colors are usually purest in specimens taken in de(rp water. The dark color predominates on the back ; the membrane between the third and fourth dorsal spines and an area at the base of these spines is always pale ; a yellow blotch extends thence downward and back- ward, joining the light color of the belly. Another light area passes from near the angle of the opercle around the pectorals, uniting below them. Tbree other blotches occur along the back, one under the eighth dorsal spine, one under the last spine, and one under the last soft ray; from each of these irregular pale areas extend down the sides. The fins have the color of the region to which they belong. Head above with dusky cross-shades and faint bands radiating from the eye. This species reaches a length of about 15 inches, and is found in large numbers on the coast of California, from the island of San Nicolas, which marks the southern limit of the abundance of the "rock-fish", to Cape Mendocino. It is common in the markets of San Francisco, although not one of the most abundant species. Its afiinity with S. car- natus has been elsewhere noticed (Proc. CJ. S. Nat. I\Ius. iii, 1880, 74). A table of measurements will be found on page 7a of vol. iii. The species described by us as Sehastiehthys vex iliar it's in vol. iii, p. 292, is represented in Puget Sound and the Gulf of Georgia by a variety or subspecies with lower dorsal spines and much darker and duller col- oration, the dark shades being of a reddish brown. The latter form is apparently identical with Sebastes canrinns Richardson, Ichth. Voy. Sulphur, i, 1844, 77, pi. 41, tig. 1, described from Sitka. The species may therefore take the name of iSebastichthys caurinus, and the Cahfornia form that of subspecies vexillaris. Indiana State University, Bloomington, Ind., November 6, 1880. PKOCEEDINGS Ob' UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 467 FISBIEM FBOin TIWf5 DEEP ^VATEK ©IV THK SOlfJTIlT COAST OF IVEW ENGIiAIVM OBTAIIVEO BY TME UIVaXED STATES FISIB €07IiTIIS- liilOIV IN THE SUITIITQEB OF J 880. By G. RROW^ GO^SiE. The following- paper euumerates 51 species of fisbes known to occur outside of the buudretl-fatbom curve along the southern coast of New Enjilaud. Nearly all were obtained by the Fish Commission steamer "Fish Hawk" on its three trips co the ''Lopbolatilus Ground" in Sep- tember. Several of the species were described a few weeks ago in another i^aper. MALTHEID^. 1. Halieuteea senticosa, new species. A single small specimen (No. 26088) was obtained, September 13, from station 879, at a depth of 225 fathoms, and on October 2, from station 895, 238 fathoms, four specimens (No. 26175), ranging in length from GO™" to 140""". The occurrence on the Atlantic coast of the United Stntes of a species of the genus Halieuteea, hitherto known only from China, is exceedingly interesting. A related genus, Halieutichthys, Poey, is represented in the West Indian fauna by the species Halieutichthys aculeatus.*' Description^.—Disk orbicular, nearly as wide as long; its length less than half that of the body; its lateral outlines prolonged on each side in a strong spine, armed at the tip witli a group of irregularly arranged acicular spinelets. Body covered above with numerous stout, conical spines with stellular bases. These are largest u])on the postdiscal por- tion of the body, where they are approximately arranged in about four irregular longitudinal rows upon each side of the dorsal fin. Closely set rows of these stout spines mark the outer margin of the disk, and there is also a cluster of five to seven upon each carpal peduncle. Out- side of these marginal spines, upon each side, is an irregular marginal row of five depressed, kuife-Iike si)ines, each tipped with a crown of three acicular spinelets. On the anterior margin of the disk the two i-ows of spines coalesce and form a bristling row of closely set spines, some pointing dorsally, some laterally, some ventrally. There are two kinds of spines upon the dorsal surface, in addition to the large ones already described : some large, somewhat remote from each other, coni- cal, stellular ; others, much more numerous and filling the interspaces, prickle-like, stellular. Belly armed with numerous closely set spines of a similar kind. Snout somewhat projecting, armed with three many- *Halieutichthys aculeatun (Mitcbill) Gooflc. Lophius aculeatus, Mitcuili,, Aiiut. Montbly Maj^aziiie, ii, 1818, p. H25 (speci- meu from Straits of Bahama). Halieutichthys aculeatus, Goodf., Proc-. IT. S. Nat. Mns. ii, 1879, p. 109 (calling attention to Mitchill's (lescrijjtiou). — Goode & Bean, ibid. p. S'.V,i (speci- men from Key West). Halieutichthys reticulatus, Poey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1863, p. 91 (speci- men from Cuba). 468 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tipped spines. A spine-ariued ridge in front of the eyes, over tlie top of the snout. In this four spines are conspicuous, one in front of each eye, and between these a hirger ])air, in front of the supraorbital ridges. From these last-mentioned spines extend spine-armed ridges along the upper margins of each orbit. Under the snout is a cavity containing a barbel, pedicelled, with thick, club-shaped, trilobate tip. On each side of this cavity are the nasal openings. The width of the mouth is equal to the distance between the centers of the pupils of the eyes, this being mu(;h less than in HalieiUcca stellata, in which the mouth is proportionally twice as large. The shape of the disk is less circular than in the Asiatic species, being intermediate be- tween this form and Halieutichthys. Other points by which H. stellata may be distinguished are the absence of the strong lateral spines of the disk; the slighter specialization of the carpal peduncles; the greater proportionate size of the disk, which occui)ies two-thirds of the entire length of the tish; the less immediately axillary position of the gill- openings; the less spiny armature of the body, the spines upon the margin being smaller and less crowded ; and the entire absence of spines upon the ventral surface. D. 6; A. 4; C.8; P. 13-15; V. 5. Color reddish gray, whitish below. Measurements. Current number of specimen. Locality 26175. Station 895. MiUi- metera. lOOths of length. Extreme length Length to base of middle caudal rays Uody : Greatest width of disk Length of disk (snout to lateral spine) .... Length of disk (snout to angle of pectoral) Least height of tail Length of body (outside of disk) Head: Greatest length (to branchial opening) Width of interorbital area , Leniith of snout Width of mouth Length of maxillary Lent h of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout L( until of base ( ircatest licight Ty^uuth of rostral barbel Aual: Distance from snout Length of base Height at longest ray Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Distance of tdbow from snout Length Ventral : Di.stance of frc^e ]);.r; ion from snout Length Dorsal Anal Caudal "Pectoral Vcntrsl HO 118 50 47 47 h 40 39 8 4 It) 9 10 8 CO 8 14 2 C5 5 14 52 24 35 12 G 4 8 13-15 5 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 469 LOPniID.E. 2. Lophius piscatorius, Liiui. A si)ecimen, No. 26170, 20™ loug, containing" immature ova, was taken at station 804, at a depth of 3G5 fathoms; also a Uirge specimen with immature ova, No. 20098, from station 87(), 120 fathoms; and a smaller one, perhaps two years old, No. 20070, from station 878, 142^ fathoms. 3. Mancalias uranoscopus (Miivray) Gill. Ceratias ura>to8copu8, Murraa', in Wyvillc Tlionipson, The Athmtic, 1878, ii, p. 67, fig. 20 (Am. ed.). Mancalias uranoscopus, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 1878 (Oct. 17), p. 228. A single specimen. No. 20159, 185"™ long-, was taken October 2 at sta- tion No. 893, at a depth of 372 fathoms. It is of much interest, only one sjjeciraen having hitherto been found. This was dredged July 23, 1873, by H. M. S. Challenger, southeast of Madeira (hit. 22° 18' N., long. 22^ ^' W.), at a depth of 2,300 fathoms (temperature 1° 05' C). Mr. Mur- ray's description, which is sufficiently accurate except that our si)eci- men has four instead of three rays in the second dorsal, runs as follows: The specimen is 90""" in length from the snout to the end of the tail, compressed laterally, and of a uniform black color. The anterior spine of the first dorsal fin is produced into a loug filament, ending in a pear- shaped bulb, terminating in a very distinct, semi-transparent, whitish spot. This spine has its origin on the posterior portion of the head, and when laid back it reaches nearly to the tip of the tail. The second part of the first dorsal is placed far back on the body, and consists of two short, fleshy tubercles, which lie in a depression in front of the second dorsal fin. The second dorsal has three rays; the anal is opposite the second dorsal and has four rays; the caudal has eight rays, the four central rays being much larger than the others, and bifid. The pectorals are small and have ten very delicate rays. The gill-opening is a slit situated below the pectoral fin. The upper jaw Ik formed by the inter- maxillaries, and is armed, together with the lower jaw, v»ith u series of teeth of moderate size, which can be depressed inward as in Lophius. The skin is thickly covered with minute, embedded, conical spines. The eyes are very small and are placed high up on the middle of the head. The presence of a fish of this group at so great a depth is of s[)ecial in- terest. From its structure, and from the analogy of its nearest allies, there seems to be no reasonable doubt that it lives on the bottom. It is the habit of many of the family to lie hidden in the mud, with the long dorsal filament and its terminal soft expansion exposed. It has been imagined that the expansion is used as a bait to allure its prey, but it seems more likely that it is a sense-organ intended to give notice of their approach. 470 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. AKTENI^TARIIDiE. 4. Chaunax pictiic, Lowe. Chatinax pictiifi, howK/rrnns. Zool. Soc. Lond. iii, 1846, p. 339, pi. li.—GUN- TiiEU, Cat. Fisli. Brit. Miis. iii, 1831, p. 200. — Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, p. 90 (generic diagnosis in syu()i>sis of family); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns. i, 1878, p. 222. A single small specimen of a species of Chaunax, 37""" long, was ob- tained September 4, at station 869, at a depth of 192 fathoms. While there is a general agreement between the specimen described from Madeira by Lowe under the name Chaunax ])ictus* and the im- mature individual of the same genus before me, there are certain charac- ters, such as the slightly smaller number of tin-rays in dorsal and cau- dal, and the ditference in the shajje of these tins in the latter, which renders the question of their identity somewhat doubtfnl. I am unwill- ing, however, to establish a new s[)ecitic name on this immature speci- men, particularly since the shajie of the tins is likely to be modified with age, and the difference in the radial formula is^ hardly of specitic imijortance. The specimen is therefore provisionally referred to Lowe's species. - A larger specimen from our coast is much to be wished for. Lowe's was 400"^"' (16 inches) long, and " was taken with an ordinary bait and line at the Picos, a rocky shoal about a league from the shore of Camera de Lobos, a village live or six miles to the westward of Funchal, on the lUth of Marcb, 1846"; depth of water not stated. The color of this specimen was bright orange above, rosy at the sides, and with fins and tips vermilion; on the belly rosy white, with fins vermilion. The color of our siiecimeu, No. 26021, is brownish gray. The rostral tentacle is nearly as long as the diameter of the eye. Kadial formula: D. I, 10; A. 5; C. 7; Y. [3]; P. 10. Measurements. Extreme length Leni^th to base of middle caudal rays Body : Greatest lieijibt Greatest width Least heisiUtof tail Head: Greatest length (to branchial aperture) Greatest wi(Uh .... Width of iuteiorbital area Lcugili of snout Length of ma.Killary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit . - ..' Dorsal tentacle Doisal fin : Distance from snout Anal Distance from snout Milli- meters. tooths of length. * 1846.—LowK, Eev. E. T. Ou a New Genus of the Fauuly Loph'ulw (Les Pectorales, Pediculdes, Cuv.), discovered in Madeira. < Trans. Zool. Soc. Loudon, iii, pp. 339 344, pi. li. Read Sept. 22, 1846. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 471 Measurements—Coutiuued. 472 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7. Paialichthys oblonglis, (Mitcliill) Jordan. Plewoneetes ohlomja, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. «fe Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 1814, p. 391- Platesaa ohlonga, Stoker, Syn. Fish. N. A. p. 225. — DeKay, Zool. N. Y. Fish. 1842, p. 299, pi. xlviii, lig. 1.56. Chcenopsettu ohlonga, Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A. 1831, p. 50 (name of genus proijosed; no definition); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1804, p. 218 218 (genus defined \), 216). PseudorUombus ohlongus, Gunthee, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iv, 1834, j). 423.— GOODE & Bean, Cat, Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 7. Paralichtkys oMongus, Jordan, MSS. Platessa quadrocellata, Stoker, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ii, 1847, p. 242: Hist. Fish. Mass. 1867, p. 203, pi. xxxi, fig. 3. Platessa quadi-ocularis, Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A. 1831, p. 51. Specimens were obtained at the following trawling stations: No. 26078, from station 873, 100 fathoms. 8. Monolene sessilicauda, Goode. Moitolene sessilicauda, GooDE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, p. 338. Specimens were obtained from the following stations: Fathoms. No. 26004, stations 870, 871 150-115 No. 26099, station 876 120 No. 26109, station 877 126 9. Citharichthys arctifrons, Goode. Citharichthi/s arctifrons, GooDE, Proc. U. S. Nat. INIus. iii, 1880, p. 341. Specimens were obtained from the following stations : Fatliotns. Nos. 25908, 26130, station 871 115 Nos. 26100,26101, station 872 83 No. 26117, station 876 120 No. 23118, station 876 120 No. 26124, station 878 142^ No. 26129, station 874 85 station 870 155 10. Citharichthys unicornis, Goode. Citharichthys unicornis, GooDE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, p. 342. Specimens were obtained as follows : Pathoms. No, 23003, station 870 155 No. 2G003, station 871 155 11. Limanda feriuginea (Storer) Goode & Bean. Platessa ferruginca, Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 1867, p. 198, pi. xxx, lig. 4. Mysopsetta ferruginea. Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A. 1861, p. 51 (genus not defined) ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1864, p. 217 (genus defined), ct alibi. Pleuronectcs ferrugincus, GtJNTiiEK, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iv, 1862, p. 447. Limanda ferruginea, Goode & Bean, List Fish. Essex Co. »fc Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 6. Platessa rostrata, IT. R. Stoker, Boston .lourn. Nat. Hist, v, 1857, p. 268, pi. viii, lig. 2. Myzopsetta rostrata, Gill, 11. c. Numerous specimens were taken in 1874, 1875, and 1880 south of Cape Cod, in dee)), cold water. The most southern locality is the Pecten Ground oft' Watch HiU. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 473 12. Limauda Beaiiii, new species. Two specimens, Ko. 20102, were obtained—one from station 875, at a depth of 126 fathoms; one from station 876, 120 fathoms—which are pro- visionally referred to the genus Limanda, Gottsche, as understood by American ichthyologists. The species surely belongs to Pleuronectes, as limited by Giinther, the weight of whose opinion regarding the difticul- ties of making generic divisions in this group is fully appreciated. The extreme brevity of the snout and the elongate-elliptical form of the body render its shape very unlike that of Llmanda ferniginea of our own coast and Llmanda ijlatessoides of the Eastern Atlantic. In its general api)ear- ance, except that the ventrals are not both lateral, it resembles consid- erably the species mentioned above. Description.—The body is elliptical in form, with angular outlines. Its height is three-eighths (38) of its total length, and slightly more than twice the length of the head, and about three times the greatest height of the anal tin. Its height at the ventrals (25) is one-fourth of its length and less than distance from snout to origin of anal. Its least height, at base of tail (12), is half its height at ventrals. It is thin, its greatest width (7) not exceeding the diameter of the orbit. The scales are subcircular, small, strongly i)ectinate on the colored side, cycloid on the blind side, where they are also larger, there beiug about fifty (as nearly as can be counted in the specimens before mc) in the lateral line, behind the curve, while on the colored side there are probably sixty. The lateral line on the colored side makes a very ab- rupt, conspicuous, angular, high curve over the pectoral fin. The chord of this arc is nearly as long as the head of the fish, its height half as great. The scales in the lateral line are highly si)ecialized, particularly along the curve, which appears to contain about twenty-seven of them, while posterior to this, in the straight portion, there are about sixty. The specialized scales of the lateral line extend far out upon the caudal ftn. On the blind side the lateral line is little conspicuous, the scales very slightly specialized, and it becomes obsolete in the region where, upon the colored side, the curve is located. The scales extend far out upon the caudal fin, but are not present upon the other fins. The head is very short, its length (18) contained about five times and one-half in the total. The snout is very short (2), one-fiftieth of the total, and the mouth is small, its cleft subvertical, and the maxillary extending very slightly behind the anterior margin of the orbit. The teeth are inconspicuous, apparently in two rows, stronger and more numerous on the blind side, barely discernable in upper jaw, absent elsewhere in the mouth. The eyes are large, prominent; their diameters (7) greater than the length of the maxillary (0) and equal to that of the mandible (0). They are very closely set, the interorbital space marked by a knife-like edge of bone. The upper eye, in its outline trenching upon the dorsal outline of the head, is almost directly above its mate. Together they occupy 474 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. nearly tbree-fourtlis of the width of the head at the periieudicalar pass- ing through their centers. The dorsal fin begins over the posterior part of the pupil of the up^jer eye. Its rays are long, widely separated, and with their tips i)rotrudiug beyond the membrane, giving to this, as also to the anal, a ragged, irregular appearance. Its greatest height (8) is equal to half the length of the head. The anal is inserted under the axil of the pectoral, and its height is about the same as that of the dorsal. The length of the caudal (20) is equal to one-fifth of that of the body, without including caudal. It is broad, fan-shaped, acutely convex in outline. The distance of the ventral from the snout (28) is about one- third the length of the base of the dorsal. The arrangement of these fins upon the ventral keel is much as in Limanda ferru(jinea, the right fin being almost upon the median line. The pectorals are normal. The color is grayish brown, mottled with darker patclies. There is a consi)icuous black blotch uijon the outer rays of the caudal on either side. Eadial formula : D. G4 ; A. 63 ; C. 18; P. 7 ; V. G; lateral line about 88. This species is dedicated to my associate Dr. Tarleton H. Beau, of the United States National Museum. Measurements. Current number of specimen . Locality 2G102. stations S7o-G. Milli- meters. lOOths of 1 length. Extreme length Length to base of middle caudal rays Body : Greatest height Gieatest widtli , Height at ventrals Least height of tail Head : Greatest length Width of iuterorbital area Length of snout Postorbital portion of head Length of maxillary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout Length of l)ase (Treatest height Anal ; Distance from snout Length of l)aso Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Distance from snout Length Ventral : Distance from snout Length Dorsal Anal Caudal Pectoral Ventral Number of scales iu lateral lino {ea. ) . . 135 111 17 !) 04 03 18 7 I I CR. £8 (27 in curve). PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 475 13. Grlyptocephalus cynoglossxis (Linn.) Gill. Pleuronectes cynodlossus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. eel. x, i, 1758, p. 269. Ghiptocephalufi cunoglonsns, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1873, p. 161. — GooDE & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 1878, p. 21 (v.ith extensive synonymy). Numerous specimens of various sizes, from the younj>- of two centi- meters to the adult of tifty centimeters, were taken in the following- localities : 14. Thyris pellucidus, Goode. Thyris pellmidns, GoODE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. iii, 1880, p. :?44. Specimens were obtained from the following localities : Fathoms. No. 26005, station 871 H-'^ No. 26006, station 872 BO MACRURIDJE. 15. Macrurus Fabricii, Sundeval. Macrurus Fabricii, Sundeval, ''Vet. Akad. Haudl. 1840, p. 6".—GoODE & Bean, Cat. Fish. Essex Co. &. Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 7. Macrurus rnpesfris, GCnthei;, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mns. iv, 1862, p. 390. There can be little doubt that this species occurs south of Cape Cod, though no living specimens have yet been obtained. The first specimen found on the coast of the United States was picked up at sea, floating^ somewhere oft' Gravesend, N. Y. 16. Macrurus Bairdii, Goode & Bean. MacriiruH Bairdii, GoODE & Bean, Amer. Jouru. Sci. & Arts, xiv, 1877, pp. 471-473 (Massachusetts Bay) ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 7. Specimens were obtained from the following localities : Pathoms. No. 26062, stations 879-880 225-252 Nos. 26163,26166,26187,26194, station 893 372 Nos. 26168, 26194, 26217, 26218, station 894 365 Nos. 26191,26195,26210, station 895 238 No. 26193, station 892 487 Nos. 26212, 26217,26218, station 891 487 17. Macrurus carniinatus, Goode. Macrurus carminatus, Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, p. 346. Specimens were obtained from the following localities Fathoms. No. 26001, station 871 115 GADID^. 18. Gadus morrhua, Linnieus. The cod occurs in deep water on this portion of the coast. 19. Phycis chuss. Several specimens apparently of this species were obtained outside of the hundred-fathom curve. 476 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 20. Phycis Chesteri, Goode & Bean. Phycis Chesteri, Goode & Bean, Pi-oc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i, 1878, p. 2.56 ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 8. Numerous specimens, old and young, were found at stations 878, 142 fathoms; 879, 225 fathoms; 880, 252 fathoms: 881, 325 fathoms; 892, 487 fathoms ; 895, 238 ftithoms. Tliis species and Macrurus Bairdii appear to be the most abundant fishes of this district, occurring in immense numbers and breeding copiously. 21. Phycis regius (Walbauni) Jordan & Gilbert. Blerinius rcglns, Walbaum, Artedi, 1792, p. 18G. Uropliycis rerjins, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, p. 240. Fhijcis regius, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i, 1878, p. 371. — Goode & Bean, Cat. Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 8.—Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. iii, 1880, p. 70. Euclielyopus regalis, Schneider, Bkich. Syst. Ichth. 1 (cloth), 1801, p. 33. Phycis regalis, Kaup, Archiv fiir Natnrg. 1858, p. 89. — Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A. 1861, p. 49.—GtJNTiiEU, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mns. iv, 18G2, p. 354. " Gadus hlennioides, Mitciiill, Medical Register, 1814." GadiUs %mnctatus, Mitchill, ibid.. Phycis pnnvtntm, DeKay, Zool. N. Y. Fish. 1842, p. 292, pi. xlvi, fig. 149. A specimen was obtained at station 870, in 155 fathoms of water. The distribution of this species is very i^uzzliug. It has been found at Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, and south to the Cape Fear Kiver, but seems nowhere abundant except about Long Island. 22. Haloporphyrus viola Goode & Bean. HnJoporphyrns viola, Goode &. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns, i, 1878, p. 257 ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. &. Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 8. Specimens were taken October 2, at station 893, in 372 fathoms of water. The species has never before been found except on the outer edges of the Nova Scotia banks. 23. Enchelyopus cimbrius (Liuu.) Jordan. Gadus cimbrius, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, i. Onos cimhrius, Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 1878, p. 349 (with fnll synonymy) ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, i). 8. E»chclyo)ius cimbrius, Jordan, MSS. Several specimens were obtained outside the hundred-fathom curve. 24. Merlucius bilinearis (Mitchill) Gill. Numerous si)ecimens of old and young were taken September 4, Sep- tember 13, and October 2, in almost every haul of the trawl-nets, at what- ever depth. The adults appeared to be in the middle of the spawning season, the eggs being separated in the ovai-ies and flowing easily in specimens taken at the depth of 250 and 487 fathoms. This phenomenon is of the greatest interest and imi)ortance, since it may serve to illus- trate how other species, common near the shores, such as the menhaden {Brevoortia tyrannus) and the bluehsh {Pomatonms saltatrix), retreat to deep water to spawn. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 477 25. Hypsicometes gobioides, Goodo. Hypsicomctes gobioides, Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, p. 348. A single specimen of this puzzling little stranger was obtained at station 871, in 115 fathoms of water. 26. Eumesogrammus subbifurcatus (Storer) Gill. A single specimen of this arctic species was obtained off the mouths of IS^ewport Harbor. LYCODID^. 27. Lycodes VerriUii, Goodc & Bean. Lijcodcs VerriUii, Goode & Beax, Arner. Jouru. Sci. & Arts, xvi, 1877, p. 474 ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 187t», p. 9. Specimens were obtained at the following localities : Stations 870, 155 ftithoms; 879, 225 fathoms; 880, 252^ fathoms; 881, 325 fathoms; 893, 372 fathoms ; 895, 238 fathoms ; often in considerable abundance. 28. Lycodes paxillus, Goode & Beau. Lycodes paxillus, Goode & Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. ii, 1879, p. 44 ; Cat. Fish. Essex Co. &. Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 9. Two specimens, No. 2G181, came from stations 891 and 894, 487 and 365 fathoms. The unique specimen previously known was obtained by Captain Collins in the gully between La Have and Sable Island Banks. The enormous development of the buc(!al muscles appears to be a character acquired in old age, as also the special peculiarities of den- tition mentioned in the description. ANARRHICADID.^. 29. Anarrhichas lupus, Linnfeus. A single small specimen, about 30""" in length, was obtained at station 866, in 65 fathoms. At the time of writing the present notice this is not available for examination, but it is believed to be the young of Anarrhichas lupus^ never before recorded south of Cape Cod. LIPARIDID^. 30. Liparis s]i. Specimens of a Liparis closely resembling L. ranula, Goode «& Beau, were obtained at station 879, and are preserved for future discussion. COTTID^. 31. Amitra liparina, new genus and new species {CoUida). Two specimens of the fish here described were obtained, October 2, ;it station 891, in 487 fatlioms; one, No. 20184, 1(54""" long; also a smalk'r one, 55" . Their structure was so peculiar that I have long hesitated to describe them. They are evidently Liparoid fishes, without ventral tins or ventral disk. Professor Jordau and Dr. Bean have examined 478 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. them with lue, aud the decisioa has been reached that they should be placed ia a new genus of the family CotUdcc. Professor Jordan consid- ers this genus as forming one of the most abnormal types of Gottidw, approaclied through Cottimculus and Psijchrolutes, and also closely allied to Liparidce. AMITEA, uew genus. Cottoid fishes, with small head, elongate, attenuate, body covered with thick, lax, slimy skin. Ventral tins absent. Opercular stray present. Pseudobranchiai present. Gills 3i, without slit behind last (!). Gill- opeuiugs closed below, restricted to small slits under the very small oper- culum. Operculum very small, strap-shaped. Lower jaw included within the upper. Teeth weak, paved. First five rays of the dorsal non-articulate, the others grading gradually into tne flexible rings. 32. Amitra liparina, new species. Description.—Body elongate, compressed posteriorly, very thin at the tail, covered with a gelatinous, lax, transparent skin, which is sep- arated from the body and the fins by a filmy, mucous intertissue. Great- est height of body (18) contained five and one-half times in its length, without caudal. Head thick, convex between eyes, its greatest width (11) nearly three- fourths its length (15), which is contained six and two-third times in the length of the body. Snout convex, protruding. Mouth under the snout and far back from its tip. Eyes lateral, in diameter (3) about half the width of the interorbital area (5). JSTostril in front of eye. Pores along the upper lip. When the head is viewed from directly in front the opening of the mouth seems to be convex upward. The dorsal fin begins over the end of the pectoral, and the rays and outline of this, as well as of the anal, are hardly visible througli the thicU, lax skin. The rays are thick, but very flexible. The anal begins under the eighth to tenth dorsal ray. The dorsal and anal rays lie closely connected with those of the caudal, which are somewhat larger, and extend in a p«?ncil like point. The pectoral is broad, its lower base almost under the posterior margin of the orbit. It is composed of twenty-three rays, the six lowest of which are prolonged beyond the lower rays contiguous. The jugular disk cannot be found. Radial formula: D. G7 ; A. 54; C. 0; P. 23, Color: Yellowish white, dusky toward the tail and blackish upon the anterior part of the head. Abdominal cavity showing black through the skin. Two other specimens of this or a related species were obtained (No. 26179) from station 894, in 305 fathoms of water, but they are in poor condition and (;annot at present be made out. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 479 Measurements, Current number of specimen . Locality • 26184. Station 487. Extreme length Lcnstb to Daso of middle caudal rays. Body : Greatest height Greatest width Head : Greatest length Greatest width Width of interorbital area Length of snout Diameter of orbit Dorsal: Distance from snout Greatest height Anal: Distance from snout Jloigbt at longest ray CaiKbll: Length of middle rays Pectoral: Distance from snout (below) Length Dorsal Anal Caudal Pectoral Milli- meters. 164 150 lOOths of length. 100 18 9 15 11 5 4 3 33. Cottunculus microps, CoUett. CoUnncnlus microps, Collktt, Tillhaegsli. til. Vidensk.-Selslc. Forli. Cliris- tiania, 1884, p. 20, pi. 1, ligs. 1-3; Norges Fiske, 1875, p. 20, pi. i, figs. 1-3; Fiskc Nordhaus-Expeditionens, 1878, p. 20; Meddelelser om Norges-Fiske Aarena, 1575-78, 1879, p. 11. Specimens from the following localities have been obtained: Fathoms. No. 26087(1), station 880 252^ No. 2G167 (3), station 892 372 station 894 365 station 895 238 No. 23176(3), station 895 238 No. 26140(1), station 880 2.52^ The largest measures 205'"'", the smallest 25'"'". This species, never be- fore found except on the Norwegian coast, was described from a specimen measuring 15™'", dredged by Prof. G. O. Sars at Hasvig, near Hammer- fest, in 200 fathoms, August, 1S74; another, 50'"'" long, near Trond- hjemsfjord, in 1878, by Mr. Storm, at a depth of 180 fathoms; again, at a depth of 191 fathoms, 18 miles northwest from Ilammerfest (72° 27' N., 20° 51' \V.), in temperature 3o 5' C, and at a dei)th of 450 fiithoms; 15 miles westward of Northwestern Spitzbergen (7!)'^ 50' N., 5° 40' W.), with temperature of 1° (). 34. Cottunculus ton/us, new species, undescrilx-d. A smooth-skinned specdes of Cottunmdus was also obtained. This is reserved for future discusion. 480 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. AGONIDiE. 35. Peristedium miniatum, Goode. Ferisicdiiim miinatHm, GooDE, Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus. iii, 1880, p. 349. Specimens were obtained from the following localities : Fathoms. No. 26023, station 86!) 192 No. 26030, station 871 115 No. 2H083, station 87() 120 As has already been stated, adults and young were found, the former full of nearly ripe eggs. 36. Asphidophoroides monopterygius (Blocli) Valencjennes. In 1874 a head of an individual of this species was dredged up on the " Pecten Ground" offWatch Hill, K. 1. This is the sole instance of its capture south of Cape Cod, though there can be little doubt that it is of frequent occurrence in the districts recently explored by the Coiiiuiis- sion. 37. Sebastes marinus, Linnaus. Numerous small individuals of this species were taken in nearly every haul of the trawl-net down to the depth of 155 fathoms. 38. Setarches parmatus, now species. A single specimen, No. 28084, was obtained at locality 87(5, in 120 120 fathoms. The young lish, 52'""' long, was taken in company with inimerous young specimens of ISehastes marimis^ from which it differs in many very striking respects. It appears to belong to the type described by Johnson under the name Setarches.* It is, however, much stouter and higher than the other known spe(5ies of this genus, Setarches GUntheri, from Avhich, too, it S. mariuKs. The preopercular spines are very ])ronHnen(. The spinous dorsal contains ten spines. MeaimremeHts. Species : Setarches parmcUns. CuiTent number of specimen . Locality 26084 station 876. Milime-! lOOtbs of ters. I leusth. Exiiciiic length Length to base of middle caudal rays Body : Greatest height... » ( Jreatest width Least height of tail Head : Greatest length Width of interorbital area Length "f snout Length of operculum Length of upper jaw Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout Length of base Greatest height at fourth spine.. Height at lirst spine Height at second spine Height at third spine (*'«/<) length of base Anal: Distance from snout Length of base Height at first spine Height at second spine Height at third spine Height at longest lay Caudal : Length of middle rays Pectoral : Distance from snout Length Ventral: Distance from snout Length Doisal Anal 42 34 '23 10 18 Mutilated. 14 14 15 24 44' 44 44 25 X,64- 111,6 XIPHIID^.. 39. Xiphias gladius, Linn. A fishing smack from Noank, Conn., was engaged by Professor Baird to set a trawl on the edge of the oceanic; slope, in the hope of ob- taining more specimens of Lopholatilus. Their only capture was a sword-fish thirteen feet long and weighing over 000 pounds. This was brought up from the bottom on the trawl-line. There is room for much question whether it was taken at the bottom or fastened itself to the Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 31 Feb. 16, 1881. 482 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. books as the line was being lowered, and was carried by its weight to the bottom. This curious freak of the sword fish, so often observed of late, deserves careful study. LATILID^. 40. Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps, Goode & Bean. Lopholatihis chamivJeonticcpH, GOODE &, Beax, Pnic. U. S. Nat. Mus. ii, 187'J, p. '2Q:^. In Julj^, 1879, numerous specimens of this lemarkable fish were taken by Gloucester fishing vessels, at a dei)th of 84 fathoms, SO miles south by east from Noman's Land. The first trij) of the " Fish Hawk " to deep water from Newport was September 4, and tlie nets were hauled as nearly as possible on the same grounds where LojiholaUlns had pre- viously been taken. The second trip, ten days later, was to a i-egion about forty miles fiirther west, and on this occasion six or more large individuals of this species wen; brought up on ahane a fish of economic importance. Its suitability for food was tested at the ward-room table' of the " Fish Hawk", and it was ])ronounced equal to cod-fish, though somewhat finer grained in tiesh. The following notes upon color and internal structure were taken from a fresh specimen. The colors are very beautiful, and in general ap})ear- ance when taken from the water it is one of the loveliest fishes I have ever seen, no exception being made in favor of the l)rilliant])arrot-fishes or angel-fishes of the West Indian coral groves. Color.—Black bluish, with a green tinge, iridescent, chaUjiiing through puri)lish blue and bluish gray to rosy white below, and milky white to- w^ard the medium line of the belly. Head rosy, iridescent, with red tints most abundant on the forehead, blue under the eyes cheeks fawn- colored. Throat and under side of the head i)early white ; with an oc- casioiuil tint of lemon-yellow ; this is most prouounced in front of the ventrals and on the anterior ])ortion of ventral fins. Back with numer- ous maculations of bright lemon or golden. Anal purplish, with blue and rose tints, iridescent. Margin of anal rich purplish blue, iridescent like the most beautiful mother of pearl. This color prevading more or less the whole fin, which has large yellow maculations. The lower border is rose colored like the belly, and the base of the fin also par- takes of this general hue. Dashes of milk-white on the base of the anal between the rays. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 483 Dorsal gray. In front of the seventh dor.sal the upper third poste- rior to the upper two thirds dark brown. Spots of yellow, large, elongate, on or near the rays. Adipose lin wiiitish brown or yel- low ; a large group of bright yellow, contiueut spots at the base. Pectorals sepia colored with rosy and purplish iridescence. Viscera.—Stomach small, siphonal, barely more than a loop in the very large intestine. Alimentary canal shoit, stomach and intestine when stretched out at full length extending from the diaphragm to the caudal. A loop in the intestine immediately posterior to the stomach. Liver with two lobes, nearly equal in length, light chestnut-brown. Gall- bladder large, pendant, iiear-shaped, with long duct. Swim-bladder simple, with thick nuiscular walls, strongly attached to roof of abdominal cavity by numerous root-like appendages, resembling somewhat those ot Pogonias. Spleen two- thirds as long as gall-bladder. HAULIODONTID.^ . 41. Chauliodus Slosnii, Schueider. Chauliodufi Sloa)iU, ScnxEiDErv, IJloch. Syst. Iflitli. 1801, ]). 430, tab. Ixxxv (as C. setinotiis). Chaulioduf! Sloanii, GCntiier, Cat. Fisli. Brit. Mus. v, 18(')4, p. 392. A single individual, No. 2G1C5, 105'^'" long, was taken from station 892, in 487 fathoms. The only other specimen recorded is that from the stomach of acodtish from (xeorge's Banks, jjreserved in the museum of the Essex Institute. Radial formula of No. li()105 : I). 0; A. ll'. SCOPELID.E. 42. Myctophum, sp. A species, apparently undescribed, was obtained in several of the deep hauls. It is reserved for comparison with numerous other specimens of the group, as yet unelaborated, obtained by the Couiniission from the deep waters of the Atlantic. MICEOSTOMID.E. Hyphalonedrus chalybeiiis, new yenus and new specios. Numerous s])ecimens (No. 26092) of a form closely related to Arf/entina were taken, September 13, at stations 87(5 and 878, 120 and 142 fathoms. They are considered to represent a new generic type.* HVPKALONEDRU.^, new geiins. A genus of Microstomati*! tishes. Body rounded, terete. Cleft of mouth extending under the anterior third (at least) of the orbit. Eye large. Teeth in the jaws small, sharj), on the edges of the bony lips. Tongue entirely smooth. Tip of lowei' Jav*- juojecting. ^ Dorsal lin short, inserted midway in space between insertions of pectorals and ventrals. ^Etymology : I'cJaAof= uud«'r tli«,' sca-(- f iTt^pof= a dweller. 484 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Gill-arches 4. Pseudobranchiae present. Scales moderate, pronouncedly pectinate. The genus Silun Gill* was founded upon a niisconception. The scales of Argentina silus (Cuv.) Nilss., are " denti.^erous," it is true, but not ctenoid. They arc true cycloid scales, with dcntigorous surfaces. The diagnosis of iSilx.s Gill would include the form above described, but, as has been remarked, it was founded upon a misunderstanding, and there can be no question as to what his intention may have been. 43. Hyphalonedrus chalybems, new species. Description.—Body plump, terete, its height (10) contained six times and one-fourth in its length, its width (l.">) seven and tliree-fonrths. The height at ventrals (10) is equal to that of the origin of dorsal, the dorsal being inserted at the highest portion of the body, its middU', over the origin of tl>e ventrals. The least height of the tail is half that of tlie body. The scales are moderately strong, and sharply' pectinated at the edge, and arranged in regular transverse rows, overlapping in such a manner as to resemble oblique plates upon the sides. The lateral line is ])romineut, straight, containing about 52 scales. Between the lateral line and the origin of the dorsal are Gh scales, tlie origin of the ventral G. Tlie greatest length of the head to the end of the flexible flap of the oper- culum {21) slightly exceeds one-fourth of the body-length, and is itself slightly more than four times the length of the snout (0). The longi- tudinal diameter of the orbit (8) is four times that of the interorbital space (2). The maxillary, broad and flattened posteriorly, is in length (10) one-tenth of the body, ami extends back to a perpendicidar from the anterior margin of the pupil. The articulation of the mandible is in ad- vance of the posterior tij) of 1 he maxillary, its length (11) slightly greater, and it protrudes beyond the snout, when the mouth is open, a distance greater than the width of the interorbital area. When the mouth is closed its ti}) still projects noticeably. The dorsal tin is located almost midway between the snout and the adipose dorsal. Its height i. to the branchial cleft, its tip extending to the fourteenth or tifteenth scale of the lateral line, its length (22) twice that of the mandible. The ^'entral is located two-tifths of the way from, the snout to the base of the caudal, and directly under the middle of the dorsal. Eadial formula: D. 11 + 1 (adipose); A. 8; C. 10; P. 17 or 18; V. or 10 ; L. hit. al5out 52. Color grayish mottled with brown, scales metallic silvery. *Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, p. 15. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 485 Mca.sinrincut!i. Current number of specimen . Locality Extreme Iciigtli Lousif h to base of midiUe caudal rays . Body : (ricatest bei.ubt Gnatcsl width.. : Hei.trlit at ventrals Least lieigbt of tail Head : Greatest length Widtli of interorbital area Length of snout Length of maxillary Leugtli of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout Length of base Greatest height Length of adipose tin Anal: Distance from snout Length of ijasc Height at longest ray Caudal : I^ength of middle rays Leugt h of external rays Pectoi ai ; Distance from snout , Lengtli Ventral: Distance from snout Length Dorsal Anal Caudal Ventral Number of scales in lateral line (ca.) Number ot transverse rows above lateral line Number of transveiso rows below lateral line to ventral 20092 Station 876-8 Milli- meters. 112 07 lOOths of length. 10 11 8 34 12 19 4 7G C 10 10 17 1(5 22 40 18 11 8 5,7+9,7 9 or 10 52 6J C NEMICHTHYID^. 44. Nemichthys scolopaceus, Eichardsou. A single specimeii, No. 2G10G, was taken in 252 fathoms of water at station 880, It came up clinging with its long jaws to the outside of the trawl-net. SYNAPHOBEANCHID^. 45. Syuaphobranchus pinnatus (Giouow) Giinllier. Specimens were obtained from the following localities: Station 880, 252fothoms; 881, 325tVithoms; .891, 487 fathoms; 891, 305 fathoms. In the last-mentioned locality a specimen was taken carrying nearly mature eggs. SIMENCHELYID.E. 46. Simenchelys parasiticus, Gill. iSimenchdijs parasiticii.s, Gill, in Goode & Be.au, Fish. Essex Co. & Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 27. A single S])ecimen, No. 2G172, was taken at a dej)! h of 487 fathoms at station 892. 486 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47. Raia, miknowii species. The young of a species of skate, witli body covered closely with minute sharp spiues, was taken in many localities. Mr. Garman has the speci- mens for identification. 48. Raia, luikiiovyu si)ecies. The young of another species, with an extremely long tail, was taken from large, square, short-tendriled eggs at various depths. Mr. Garman has also these. 49. Raia lasvis, Mitcliill. Two large skates apparently of this species were taken October 2 in deep water. A cast of one of them was made. SPINACID^. 50. Centrophorus ? unknowu species. Mr. Garman has for identiflcation two specimens taken at statijon 893, at a depth of 372 fathoms.. MYXmiD^. 51. Myxme glutincsa, Liumcus. Si)ecimens were obtained from the following localities: Stations 809, 192 fathoms; 870, 155 fathoms; 878, 142 fathoms. »KSCKBPTflOi\ OF A IVEW .«JPEC1E.*J OIF €ARAIVX (f'ARANX BEAIVI), FROITI BEAUFOBT, IVORTM CABOliBIVA. By DAVID §. J©5SDArW. Caianx beani, sp. nov. Allied to Caranx cihi Poey, but much less elongate. Color bluish above, silver^", with golden luster below ; upper edge of caudal i)eduncle a little dusky; spinous dorsal blackish; axil dusky; no dusky spot on opercle, pectoral fin, or elsewhere. Form rather broadly elliptic-ovate, the dorsal and ventral outlines about equally and nearly regularly curved, the depth greatest at the origin of the anal and soft dorsal, the axis of the body not far fro.ii the middle of its depth. Profile from the snout to the base of the dorsal forming a very regular curve. The greatest depth 2f in total length, 2J in length to the base of the caudal. Head little compressed, scarcely carinate above, the interorbital space more than half broader than the eye, which is small, shorter than snout, scarcely broader than tlie pre- orbitai, 4 in head. Length of head 3;\ to base of caudal, 4 in total length. Mouth comj)aratively small, oblique, the lower jaw very si ightly projecting when the mouth is closed. Maxillary small, scarcely extend- ing to the anterior border of the orbit. Preinaxillaries anteriorly on the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 487 level of the lower edge of the pupil. Teeth small, villiforni, in a narrow baud in each jaw^ ; those in the outer series slightly enlarged ; the band in the ux)per jaw considerably broader than that in the lower ; no canine teeth ; bands of villiform teeth on vomer, palatine, and tongue. Adi- pose eyelid little developed. Cheeks and opercles scaly. Gill-rakers long, longer than the pupil. Breast closely scaled, its scales a little smaller than those on the sides. Upward curve of lateral line not very strong. Armature of tail feeble, only those plates on the caudal peduncle Itself having distinct spines; about 2Q plates may be counted before they merge into the ordinary scales. {Spinous dorsal low and feeble, the highest spine scarcely as long as the snout, the last spine nearly free, short and thickish ; a small pro- 'jumbent spine before the dorsal ; soft i)arts of dorsal, anal, and caudal densely covered with small scales ; soft dorsal and anal low, their highest vays scarcely longer than the snout ; free anal spines, separate from the tin but connected with each other, scarcely longer than the pupil ; caudal tin short, not widely forked, the lobes equal, the upper lobe f length of head, tha distance vertically between their tips slightly less than the length of the head ; ventral fins very short, scarcely longer than snout, reaching about half way to anal; pectoral fins falcate, reaching about to the fourth soft ray of anal, their insertion on the level of the max- illary, their outer surface largely scaly ; length of pectorals | the great- est dei)th, about equal to length of head. Fin rays: D. VIII-I, 26; A. II-I, 23. Two specimens of this species were obtained by Mr. Charles H. Gil- bert and myself at Beaufort, X. C, in the summer of 1877. They were taken with a small seine in the harbor, close to the shore. It agrees in dentition and many other respects with Caranx cibi Poey, but the latter species is much slenderer, the depth of the body being about equal to the length of the pectorals or the length of the head. I place it provisionally in the genus Caranx, the value of the various pro- posed subdivisions of the latter group not being evident. The example from which the preceding description was taken has been presented to the United States National Museum, where it is num- bered 27372. I present a table of comparative measurements of the type Caranx heani and of one of Poey's types of C. cibi. 488 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tahle of vicasurements. Species . . Locality Extreme length Length to end of caudal armature . Body : Greatest height Greatest width . . Height at ventrals Least height of tail Length of caudal peduncle — Head : Greatest length Distance from snout to nape . . Greatest ^vi(Uh Width of intci orbital area ... Length of snout Length of the operculum Length of maxillary Length of mandible Diameter of orbit Dorsal (spinous) : Distance from snout , l..ength of base Greatest height (Soft.) length of base Height at longest ray Anal Distance from snout , Lengtli arated. The snout is rather pointed; upper jaw not protractile ; mouth moder- ate, the maxillary reaching back to a vertical from the anterior of the orbit. Teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Mouth slightly oblique. The general color is dark above, reddish .yellow below. The sides are crossed by about a dozen brown bands, which are broadest along the lateral line, where coalescing they form a dark horizontal band. This band becomes narrower and better defined on the head, and is contin- ued along the upper edge of the opercle and cheek, through the eye, to the tip of the snout. A narrow dark line runs downward and forward from the lower edge of the orbit. There are three well-defined spots at the base of the caudal fin. The vertical fins are blotched more or less with dusky colors; the veutrals are bluish black, while the pectorals are lighter. The cheeks and the occipital region are ])ale in color ; the snout and iuterorbital space are bluish black. Length, exclusive of caudal fin, o inches. This si)ecies is allied to H. nigrofasciatus, a description of which is given by Professor Jordan in the Ann. ]l!^. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 310. Judging from a comparison of my specimens with his description, I think that they evidently belong to a distinct species. Several specimens of this handsome fish were caught with small hooks in a branch flowing into the Chickasawha at Enterprise. 1 dedi- cate it to my friend Eev. William Spillman, M. D., of Enterprise, who 492 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. has spent a loiig life in scientific hibors in tlie Sonth, and who has thereby done much to increase our knowledge of the geology and nat- ural history of his own and neighboring States. Genus BOLEOSOMA, DeKay. 4. Boleosoma maculatum, Agassiz. (No. 27, 443.) B. hn-vip'uuie, Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1870, 268. A single specimen of a Boleosoma was obtained in Horsehuuter Creek at Macon. An examination indicates that it is B. tnaculatum, although it does not agree wholly with descriptions of that species. It is nuich paler than specimens of that species obtained* in the streams about Indianapolis. There are no dark bars on the back, and the spots usually found alqjig the lateral line are not as conspicuous as common. The fin formula is D. VIII, 12 ; A. I, 8. Lateral line 50. I do not believe that the separation of B. olmstedi and B. maculatum as distinct species can be maintained. The characters most relied on in distinguishing them are the difference in length of the soft dorsal, the difference in the number of scales along the lateral Hue, and the smooth- ness or scaliness of the cheeks. I have examined specimens in the State collection at Normal, 111., labeled B. macnlatum, that appear to combine these characters m all sorts of ways. Some have scaled cheeks, 55 vertical rows of scales, and dorsal fin-rays X, 12. Another specimen noted has scaled cheeks, 48 rows of scales, and dorsal rays VIII, 11. Another has bare, cheeks, 53 scales, dorsal IX, 12. Another, bare cheeks, 46 scales, dorsal rays IX, 13. Specimens there labeled B. olmstedi seem to be in no way different.* As to color, I have specimens from Western Illinois that are almost black, especially the head, the vertical and the ventral fins. These are males in their breeding dress, but they appear to be unusually dark. Genus IS^Al^OSTOMA, Putnam. 5. Nanostoma zonale (Cope) Jordan. (No. 27,417.) raciliditlii/s zoiialis, Cope, Journ. Acad. N^at. Sci. Phila. 1869, 212. Nanostoma zonale, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mils. No. 10, 6, 1877. Two specimens of this beautiful species were seined in a shallow and sandy creek flowing into the Chickasawha Eiver at Enterprise. They differ in no way from described specimens, except that none of the transverse bands anterior to the anal fin pass around the lower part of the body. Even in this respect they are like a specimen mentioned by Cope from the Miami Eiver, in Indiana. The belly, throat, and spaces between the bars below the lateral line are, in spirits, pure white. * Since tlie above lines were penned I have received the October number of the American Naturalist, from which I learn that Prof. S. A. Forbes, of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, in his iuteresting article on "The Food of the Darters", regards the two so-called species as identical. Professor Jordan also informs me that he now considers the two forms as merely "subspecies". PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 493 6. Nanostoma elegans, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,445.) Body stout and somewhat compressed. Head short and deep, with swollen cheeks. The snout is turned abruptly downward. The mouth is subterniinal, horizontal, and small, the maxillary not reaching- back to the vertical from the anterior of the orbit. U])per jaw not protractile. Eye in the head 4 times. Head in the length to caudal (as in all measnreinents iji this i)ai)er) 4 times; dei)th in length 5. J^epth of caudal peduncle twice in its length; this equal to three tenths of the length of the body. Eows of scales 5-42-0. Lateral line complete, nearly straight. The formula of the vertical fnis is D. X, 12 ; A. II, 8. The si)inous dorsal slightly longer than the head, and half as high as long. Soft dorsal live-sixths as long as the head, and two-thirds as high as long. Anal three-fourths tlie length of the head, and as high as long, the i»os- terior rays being the longest. The pectoral fins are very wide and long, reaching lieyond the tips of the ventrals and to the vent. Caudal tin (Mnarginate. Cheeks, opercles, and back of the neck scaly ; the chest and the re- gion just behind the ventrals naked. Gill-membrane broadly connected across the breast. The general color of the body, after lying in spirits, is purple. Along the back are six large square blotches of black, and along the sides about eight broad transverse bars of the same color, but fainter; these least distinct forward. Along the lateral line, alternating with the transverse bars, are a luuiiber of spots, which, in the case of my largest specimen, are of a more intense color than the bars. These spots con- nect the bars, and v\'ith them form a dark lateral band. Besides these markings, many of the scnles, both within and outside the dark bars, principally above the lateral line, l)ut also below, have at their base a jet-black dot. These '. gracile is non- protractile. The species that I have above described belongs to Professor Jor- dan's genus Vaillantia (Bull. U. S. Xat. Mus. Xo. 12, 89), the type of which is Boleosoma camurum, Forbes. From that species it difiers, among other things, in having the two dorsals widely separated. In B. camurnm they are contiguous. Genus MICEOPERCA, Putnam. 10. Microperca prceliaris, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,418.) The species about to be described may possibly belong to the genus Bolcichtlnjs. 1 have but a single specimen, which has a total length of 1.^ inches. It was obtained at Corinth, and was at first supposed to be a specimen of V. chlorosoma. The body is rather short and stout, the depth being contained in the length a little more than 4 times. Behind the vent the body becomes contracted into the caudal peduncle, which is compressed and contained in the length of the body o times. Its median depth is one-third its length. The head is contained in the length 4 times. The snout conical and liointed. The jaws are equal, the upper not protractile; the mouth PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 497 terminal, slightly oblique, and rather small. The maxillary reaches back to a vertical from the anterior of the orbit. The eye is small, 4 in head, and greater than the snout. Cheeks and opercles covered with large scales. Opercular spine well developed. The scales of the body are large, there being only 36 vertical and 11 horizontal rows, the latter counted between the dorsal and anterior of anal. The lateral line is found on but two scales anteriorly. Fin-rays, D. VIII, 11; A. I, 6. Anal II, G, in a specimen of the same species from Alabama in the IT. S. Kat. Mus. {fide Jordan). The two dorsals are well separated. Spinous dorsal two-thirds the length of the head, its height a little more than one-half the head. Soft dorsal with about the same dimensions. Anal spine slender and of moderate length. Length of anal 3 times in the head; its height twice its length. Pec torals and ventrals reaching nearly to the vent. Color greenish olive, with many specks of brown. These brown specks somewhat in rows above the place for the lateral line. About ten oblong spots of brown along the sides, most distinct above the anal fin. Below, white. The usual black streaks below and in front of the eye. Dorsal fins somewhat barred. The general appearance of this little fish is that of a Boleichthps, but the very short lateral line, large scales, equal jaws, «S:c., seem to ally it most closely to Mlcroperca. From the latter it diii'ers in having but a single anal spine and the beginnings of a lateral line. Since, however, this "lateral line" is found on the opercle of ill. punctuhita, it would not be surprising if it should be sometimes, even in that species, found on one or two of the anterior scales. Family CENTRARCHID^. Genus MICROPTERUS, Lacepede. H. Micropterus pallidus (Raf.) Gill & Jor. (No. 27,450.) JItn-o nigriiians, DeKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes^ 1842, 15. Micropterus nigricans, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855, 83. Dioplitcs nuecensis, Giuaud, U. S. Pao. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 4. Micropterus i)allidas, Jordan, Aunals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 314. This species is abundant everywhere, and is esteemed as one of the best fond-fishes. It is called "Trout", instead of "Bass", as at the North. The young are conspicuously marked by a dark, sometimes inter- rupted, lateral band. This is sometimes found also in the adults. There is often a small patch of feeble teeth on the tongue of both this species and M. salmoidcs. Specimens were obtained in the Catawba at Artesia, and in the Chickasawha at Enterprise. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 32 Feb. 16, 1881. 498 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus AMBLOPLITES, Eaf. 12. Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.) Gill. (No. 27,4.')1.) CmirarcliHs pectacantlms, DeKay, Fauua N. Y. Fishes, 1842, 30. Ambloplites cemns, Giuard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 8, pi. i. A fine specimen of this siiecies was taken in the Chickasawha at En. terprise. Another has since been sent me by Mr. Warner. Genus CH^NOBRYTTUS, Gill. 13. Cheenobryttus gulosus (C. & V.) Gill. (No. 27,4.59.) CalUiirus melanops, Girahd, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 11, x)l. iii- Chamohryltiis gulosus, Cope, Proc. Acatl. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18(35, 84.—JoitDAN, Aiiuals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 361. A single specimen of this was obtained at Enterprise. It has many of the characteristics assigned by Professor Jordan to Gh. viridis. This latter species is attributed by him to the region from Virginia to Florida. In the specimen which I caught the coloration is quite dark, being a reddish brown. Most of the scales have a dark spot in the center. This spot, on a few of the scales along the sides, is quite conspicuous. The fins are dark in color, the soft dorsal, especially behind, being marked with spots. The base of the anal is also obsoletely spotted. Tips of soft dorsal and anal in life bright red. Lower jaw and snout livid blue. The specimen agrees well with Girard's GaUiurus melanops. I think it not unlikely that Gh. gulosus and viridis will turn out to be varieties of the same species. Genus APOMOTIS, Raflnesque. 14. Apomotis cyanellus (Raf.) Jordan. (No. 27,449.) Calllurus formosus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 14, jil. v, figs. 1-4. Apomoiis cyanellus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv. No. 2, 398. I obtained specimens of this widely distributed species from Catawba Creek at Artesia, and from the Noxubee at Macon. Genus LEPOMIS, Rafinesque. 15. Lepomis pallidus (Mitcliill) Gill & Jordan. (No. 27,457.) Pomoiis incisor, DeKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes, 1842, 33. Pomotis speciosus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 23, pi. viii, figs. 5-8. Lepiopomus pallidus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv. No. 2, 397. Lepiopomis incisor, Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 1.39. Numerous specimens of the above species were obtained in Catawba Greek at Artesia, Noxubee River at Macon, and in the Chickasawha at Enterprise. 16. Lepomis obscurus (Ag.) Jordan. (No. 27,458.) Foniotis obscurus, Agassiz, Amcr. Jouru. Sci. and Arts, 1834, 302. Lepiopomis obscurus, Jordan, Annals N. Y, Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 317. A fine example of this species, 6 inches long, was obtained with the hook from Sucarnochee Creek at Narkeeta, a station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 409 This species is distinct from L. pallidus, although closely related to it. The color is much darker. Each scale has in its center a dark spot, longest ui> and down. The opercular flap is longer and more abruptly formed than in L. pallidus. The opercular flap, measuring from where the scales cease, is equal to the diameter of the eye, while in L. pallidus it is equal to only two-thirds the eye's diameter. The pectoral and ven- tral fins reach fully to the first anal spine. 17. Lepomis fallax (B. & G.) Hay. (No. 27,45G.) Pomotis fallax aud convexifrons, B. &G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854,24. Pomotis fallax, Girakd, Pac. E. R. Surv. vol. x, 27, pi. ix, fig. 5. While at Enterprise I obtained some small specimens of a Sunfish which belongs to Professor Jordan's genus Xenotis. 1 saw several adult specimens, but could procure none from their captors, who took profes- sional pride in their long "strings". My attention was especially attracted to this fish by its immense opercular flap. Since returning home, Mr. William A. Warner, of Enterprise, has kindly sent me addi- tional material, and, among other things, a specimen of this fish, having a total length of 6 inches. After a careful study of this species my con- clusion is that it is the Pomotis fallax of Baird and Girard, described from Northern Texas. The agreement Avitli the description and figures given in the Pacific Eailroad Survey Report is very close indeed. Fig. 5, pi. ix, gives a very good- although somewhat reduced representation of my largest specimen. Xenotis solis. Gill & Jor. (Bull. TJ. S. Is'at. Mus. No. 10, 22), not Pomotis solis, C. & V. (see Proc. U. S. Nat. INIus. 1879, 225), is a more elongate species, the greatest depth being contained 2J times in .the length in- stead of 2, as in my specimens. The eye of that species is contained in the flap 1^ times instead of 2, as in this. The flai) of that is contained 2| times in the rest of the head instead of 2 times, as in this. In that there are "about 5 rows [of scales] above and 11 below" the lateral line; in this there is one more both above and below. From P. hreviceps, B. & G., it appears to differ in having a larger eye, a more anterior dorsal fin, and longer ventral fins; from X megalotis, in that the body is not so heavy anteriorly. I cannot give a description of the colors in life, except that they are brilliant. In spirits the body above is yellowish brown, the scales being dark-edged; fins dusky, narrow blue stripes on the cheeks; flaj) jet- black, with a pale edge. Professor Jordan informs me that he now regards L. fallax as simj)ly a variety of L. mefjalotis. I have not had the opportunity to examine enough material to enable me to satisfy myself of the correctness of this conclusion. He also discards the genus Xenotes. 500 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Genus CENTRAECHUS, Cuvier. 18, Centrarchus irideus (Lac.) C. & V. C. irideus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 31. At Narkeeta, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, I saw a specimen of Centrarchus taken from the Sucarnochee River, but was not able to pro- cure it. From an examination made at the time I regard it as being C. irideus. It appeared, however, to have some of the characters of C macropterus ; there being, for instance, 8 anal spines instead of 7, the usual number.* Genus POMOXYS, Rafinesque. 19, Pomoxys nigromaculatus (Le S.) Girard. (No. 27,461.) Centrarchus hexacanihus, DeKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes, vol. iv, 1842, 31. Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 6. Numerous specimens of this were taken from Horsehunter Creek at Macon. Both this and the next are much sought after as food and to stock fish-ponds. 20. Pomoxys annularis, Rafinesque. (No. 27,460.) Pomoxis annularis and nitldus, Giraud, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 6. Same locality as above. Family ELASSOMATIDiE. Genus ELASSOMA, Jordan. 21. E'assoma zonatum, Jordan. (No. 27,452.) EJassoma zonatum, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 50; Bull. 111. Lab. Nat. Hist. No. 2, 47. Two specimens of this interesting si)ecies were secured in a pond along the Noxubee River at Macon. The largest was If inches in length, somewhat larger than the specimens hitherto found. After care- ful search I have been unable to find any evidences of the existence of vomerine teeth in this species. The fin-formula is, D. I; Y, 10; A. Ill, 5 or 0. The scales are very small and difficult to count. As nearly as I could make out, there are 42 vertical rows and 18 or 20 horizontal rows between anal and dorsal. The pseudobranchiai are obsolete. * Since tliis paper has gone to press, Professor .Jordan writes me that he is now sat- isfied that C. macroj)terus and C. irideus are identical, and that as the term macropterus has the priority, it mnst be accepted as the name of the species. He had already, in his "Catalogue of the Fishes of Illinois," published in Bull. No. 2, 111. Lab. Nat. Hist., expressed the opinion that they might have to be merged into one. peoceedings of united states national museum. 501 Family APHREDODERIDtE. Genus APHREDODERUS, Le Sueur. 22. Aphredodenis sayanus (Gilliams) DcKay. Aphrcdoderns saijanuf!, DeKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes, 35. Apliododerm isolepsis (Nejls.) Jordan, Bull. UL Lab. Nat. Hist. No. 2, 48. Aphrodcdirus cookianus, Jordan, Pioc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phlla. 1877, 60. A single small specimen was obtained at Macon. All the names cited above belong to varieties of the same species. DeKay mentions that this species occurs at New Orleans. Family CYPRINODONTID^. Genus ZYGONECTES, Agassiz. 23. Zygonectes notatus (Raf.) Jordan. (No. 27,444.) Zygoneotes notatus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 9, 47. Many fine specimens of this species were taken. I have them from Corinth, Artesia, Macon, and Enterprise. This and the succeeding species are seen almost everywhere, especially in quiet waters, swim- ming near the surface. One of my specimens from Enterprise is 3 inches long to the caudal, or a total of 3J inches. The color is translucent yellowish green above, silvery white below, with a broad, dentate, lateral band of black. There are four or five longitudinal rows of black dots above the lateral band, especially con- spicuous in specimens from Enterprise. The fins are golden, the dorsal and caudal dotted with black. 24. Zygonectes tnelanops (Cope) Jordan. (No. 27,427.) Haplochilus melavops, CoPE, Proc. Araer. Phil. Soc. 1870, 457. Zygonectes melanops, Jordan, Bull. 111. Lab. Nat. Hist. No. 2, 52. Many of these little fishes were seined in the ponds and rivulets along Catawba Creek in the vicinity of Artesia, and in Horsehunter Creek near Macon. They correspond closely with Professor Cope's description cited above. This species appears to have a very wide distribution. It was originally described by Professor Cope from the Neuse River, in North Carolina. It was next discovered in Southern Illinois by Prof. S. A. Forbes, the accomplished superintendent of the Illinois State Laboiatorj^ of Natural History. I have now the j)leasure of announcing its occurrence at points much farther south. Family HYODONTIDJE. Genus HYODON, Le Sueur. 25. Hyodon selenops, Jordan & Bean. (No. 27,455.) Uyodon selenops, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 67. This beautiful species appears to be abundant in the Chickasawha River. At Enterj)rise, where I saw a number taken from the water 502 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with hooks, they are called "Hickory Shad". They are not esteemed very highly as a means for gratifying the palate. This species is reported from the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Family CLUPEID^. Genus CLUPEA, Artedi. 26. Clupea chrysochloris (Raf.) Jor. (No. 27,453.) Fomulobus chrysovhloris, Rafinesque. A single specimen of this species has been sent me by Mr. William A. Warner, of Enterprise. Genus DOROSOMA, Eaflnesque. 27. Dorosoma cepedianum (Le S.) Gill. (No. 27,-154.) Dorosoma ccpediana, Jordan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1877, 69; subsp. heteruram, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 65. Several specimens of this sijecies were caught while seining a deep l^ond along the Noxubee River near Macon. I do not find that the characters assigned by Professor Jordan to the variety lieterurum exist in my specimens, unless it be that of the long filamentous ray of the dorsal fin. Even this distinction does not always hold good, I find no i)artic- ular differences between my largest specimen, 8^ inches long, and a specimen of the same size from the Potomac. Family CYPRINIDJE. Genus HYBORHYNCHUS, Agassiz. 28. Hyborhynchus notatus (Raf.) Ag. (No. 27,441.) Hiihorhj/nchus notatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1869, 392. A single specimen obtained at Corinth ; many in the waters about Artesia and JVIacon. In their coloration some of the specimens that I obtained are different from any that I have seen from other localities and from any descriptions that have fallen under my eye. These peculi- arities of color are observed only in the largest individuals, those 2J inches in length. Some of these are quite brown, this color being pro- duced by each scale having a black border. The head is blue-black, of varying degrees of intensity, being in some cases almost jet-black. There is a deep black band occupying the whole upper half of the dorsal fin. The greater part of the caudal fin is also black, the base and tip only being light. There is sometimes a black spot near the tip of the posterior rays of the anal fin. In many of these dark-colored specimens the dark lateral band usually seen in this species is either obsolete or indistinct. These highly colored individuals are, no doubt, males in their wedding suits of black. The other party does not dress so gor- geously. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 503 Genus HYBOGNATHUS, Agassiz. 29. Hybognathus argyritis, Girard. (No. 27,431.) Hijhognathus argi/ritis, GiUARD, Pac. K. R. Surv. vol. x, 235 ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1856, 182. Specimens of this species were seined in Horsebunter Creek at Macon, and in the Chickasawha Eiver at EnteriJiise. Some of these have a total length of 4^ inches. Genus ALBURNOPS, Girard. 30. Alburnops taurocephalus, Hay, sp. iiov. (No. 27,439. ) This very interesting species resembles much Hyhorliynclms notatus, and therefore recalls strongly Professor Cope's description of Ili/bopsis tuditanus, from Northern Indiana. (See Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 18G9, 381.) It is a true Hyhopsis, or Alburnops^ as indicated by the short alimentary canal and the close union of the spinous dorsal ray to the first soft dor- sal. The teeth are 4-4, hooked, compressed, and x^rovided with a masti- catory surfiice. The body is stout, somewhat compressed, broad and flat above, with a deep and angulated caudal peduncle. The latter is contained in the body about 3g times. Its depth is one-half its length. The herd is broad and flat above, and at the temiioral region forms an angle with the cheeks. The breadth of the head behind the eyes is equal to the distance from the muzzle to the back of the orbit, and iiearlj^ two-thirds the length of the head. The muzzle is broad and obtuse; but not so truncate as that of Hyborhynclms notatus^ since the i)rofile rounds grad- ually into the snout. The mouth is rather small, horizontal, and terminal ; the jaws about equal, the upper heavy. The maxillary hardly reaches a perpendicular from the anterior margin of the orbit. Eye large, 3^ in the head. Head in the length, exclusive of the caudal, 4^ times. Depth about equal to the length of the head. Dorsal I, 8 ; A. I, 7. The dorsal begins above the ventrals, is longer than high, and has on the anterior rays, rather below the middle, a black spot. This tin commences nearer the snout than the caudal. The anal is small. The scales along the lateral line are rather large and silvery; the formula is 8-43-4. The scales in front of the dorsal fin are small, especially on the nape. In color this species is pale yellow, with a dusky tinge given it by numerous black punctulatious on each scale. The sides are silvery, as are also the cheeks and opercles. There is an obsolete dusky band along the lateral line, terminating at the base of the caudal in a small but distinct black spot. The top of the head and snout brown. Length of the largest specimen 3 inches, exclusive of caudal. 504 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. From the Chickasawlia at Euterpiise. CaugUt for bait for larger fishes, and called "Ball Heads". While this S[)ecies must resemble H. tuditanuSj it evidently is distinct from it. The dorsal fin of that species is said to be markedly nearer to the caudal than to the end of the muzzle, while the contrary is true in my species. If the horizontal rows of scales have been counted cor- rectly, and in the same way in both species, there is one more row above the lateral line in mine than in Professor Cope's species. The mouth in H. tuditanus is said to be very small and inferior, as in Hyhorliynchus notatus. The latter feature certainly does not belong to the present species. 31. Alburnops longirostris, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,440.) The general appearance of this species is much like that of small specimens of Ericymha buccata. Head rather small, contained in the body 4:^ times. Eye small, being contained in the head 4 times; not equaling the snout, which is one- third the length of the head. The upper jaw is rounded and much overlaps the lower jaw. The mouth, therefore, inferior, rather large, horizontal. The maxillary attains a vertical from the anterior of the orbit. Teeth 4-4, hooked, and having a triturating surface. Lateral line somewhat decurved. Scales large, there being 3G along the lateral line, 4 horizontal rows above, and only 3 below. About 12 large scales in front of the dorsal. Depth in length 4f| to 5. Origin of the dorsal fin midway between the tip of the snout and the base of the caudal and directly over the insertion of the ventrals. Rays of dorsal I, 8; anal I, 7. Dorsal nearly twice as high anteriorly as long ; anal short and low. Caudal deeply forked, nearly one-fourth the length of the body. Pectorals far from reaching the ventrals ; these extend- ing fully to the vent. Caudal peduncle in body 3| times; its greatest width nearly one-half its length. This fish is of a pale straw color, slightly dusky from the brown edges of the scales. There is a very narrow, dark dorsal line; also an obso- lete lateral band just below the lateral line. Top of the head brown; the vertical fins dusky. Length of the largest specimen 2 inches. Seined in considerable numbers at Euteri)rise. The females teem with eggs. 32. Alburnops x3Baoc9p!ialus, Jor. (No. 27,435.) Hybopsis xwaocephalus, Jordax, Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, SS.'). Alburnops xoenocephalas, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Snrv., vol. Iv, No. 2, 420 Several specimens of a dark-colored minnow were seined at Enter- prise the resemblance of which to H. .vccnocephalus is so close that I have referred them to that species, so well described by Professor Jordan in his " Fishes of Upper Georgia". There are some difl'erences, however, that I have thought worthy of mention. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 505 The body iu my specimens is deeper, the depth being contained in the length but 4i times or less. The back does not seem to be so broad nor the caudal peduncle so deep. The dark baud that occurs on the caudal peduncle of typical specimens from Georgia is, in these from Mississippi, continued forward along the side to the snout; being, however, slightly broader and less perfectly defined anteriorly. I do not, however, think that the differences form sufficient grounds for establishing a new species. My largest specimens have a total length of 3 inches. Professor Jordan's specimens were obtained in the upper tributaries of the Alabama Eiver. Genus HEMITEEMIA, Cope. 33. Hemitremia maculata, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,438.) Body long and slender, slightly elevated at the dorsal, somewhat com- pressed. Depth iu the length 5 times. Head flattened above; snout, looked at from above, obtuse. Mouth small, the maxillary falling con- siderably short of the anterior border of the orbit, terminal, slightly oblique. Teeth 4-4, with grinding surface. Head iu the length 4^ times. Eye iu head 3^, about equal to the snout. The fin rays are, D. I, 8; A. I, 8. The dorsal begins slightly behind the ventrals. Its length three-fifths, its height four-fifths, of the head. Anal, in length, one-half, in height two-thirds, the head. Caudal pe- duncle one-fourth the length of the body. Dorsal situated nearer to the snout than to base of caudal. The i)ores of the lateral line are found on but 8 or 10 scales, anteriorly. Scales 5-38-3. This fish is of a straw-color above, with the scales brown edged. There is a faint, narrow dorsal band, and another narrow, dark line running from the vent on each side of the anal fin to the base of the caudal. A leaden band runs along the sides, which is rendered dusky by numerous black puuctulatious on the scales within this band. Besides these mi- nute punctulatious there is on each scale along the center of the band a pair of larger black points. Posteriorly the lateral band ends in a black spot nearly as large as the eye. Snout and top of the head dusky. A single specimen, 2^ inches long, and a few young, were obtained at Enterprise. Three other species of Hemitremia are recorded. //. vittata, Cope, has teeth 4-5, vvith a black lateral band, and other paler ones above this. H. lieterodon and //. bifrcnata, described by the same author, both have teeth 4-4. They both appear to be less elongated species than the one described above, and neither are mentioned as having the conspicuous caudal spot of JI. maculata^ which is exhibited in all the specimens that I secured. In H. lieterodon the "lateral line is posteriorly imperfect". In H. hifrenata there are 12-13 rows of scales in front of dorsal, and 506 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. there are 7 rays in the anal fin. lu H. maculata there are about 16 scales in front of the dorsal, and the anal rays are I, 8. This species will come under Professor Jordan's genus Chriope. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv, No. 4, 787.) Genus LUXILUS, Ilafinesque, 34. Luxilus cornutus (Mitch.) Eaf. JJypsilcjns conuitus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 18(i9, .372. Three specimens of the young of this widely diffused species were obtained at Corinth, and many others at Enterprise. 35. Luxilus chickasavensis, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,419.) This species closely resembles Codoma stigmatura, Jordan, from the Alabama Eiver, originally described as Photogenis stigmaturus. (Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 337.) If Codoma is to be regarded a valid genus, and if Ph. stigmaturiis belongs to that genus, then the present species will be Codoma chickasavensis. I do not, however, believe that there is sufficient grounds for putting Photogenis stigmaturiis and Lux- ilus analostanus into different genera. So far as I can determine with the aid of a good microscope, the masticatory surface as truly exists on tbe teeth of Ph. stegmaturus as on those of Lux. analostanus. Some- times in the former species one edge is serrated ; aud in some species of Codoma, as this genus is limited by Professor Jordan, occasionally both boundaries of the concave surface are serrated. I hope, at no distant period, to be able to discuss this subject still further. For the present I adopt the name Luxilus for both this species and Luxilus analostw- nus (Grd.) Jor. In a close comparison of the present species with Codoma stigma- tura, I find the following differences to exist : There are fewer scales along the lateral line, 38 to 40 instead of 45. The eye is also consid- erably larger, being contained in the head 3^ times instead of 4^, and about equal to the snout. The caudal spot is as intensely black as in C. stigmatura, but considerably smaller. It is about as large as the eye, sometimes smaller ; whereas in that species it is nearly always larger, being in length " usually about one-third of the head". In this species it is about one-fourth of the head. Neither does it extend so far on the rays of the caudal fin. The form of the head and body, and the position and size of the fins, are apparently the same as in C. stigmatura, un- less it be that the body is a little deeper, the depth being contained in the length from 4 to 4^ times. The black spot on the posterior rays of the dorsal fin is obsolete or wanting, while there is a narrow dark line running up on one or two of the anterior dorsal rays. There are, on the heads of a few of my specimens, some evidences of the existence of tubercles. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 507 This species appears to be quite abiiudaut in the Chickasawha at Enterprise. Tlie largest individuals obtained have a total length of 4 inches. Genus ERICYMBA, Cope. 36. Ericymba buccata. Cope. (No. 27,421.) Eriajmba buccata, Copk, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1865, 87 ; Traus. Amer. Phil. Soc. 18G9, 301. Several individuals of this species were seined in the Chickasawha Eiver at Enterprise. Its geographical distribution is stated by Pro- fessor Jordan, in his "Catalogue of the Fresh Water Fishes of North America" (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv, No. 2), to be from Pennsyl- vania to Illinois. Judging from the numbers taken at Enterprise, the species is quite as common in the South as farther north. Some of the specimens taken were 3 inches long, exclusive of the caudal. Genus OPSOPCEODUS, Hay, gen. nov. ('Otj'onoibg + d^ovg.) Body fusiform, moderately elongated, slightly compressed. Mouth very small, very oblique, peculiar. Teeth raptorial, with a well-devel- loped masticatory surface, both bounding edges of which are conspicu- ously serrated, standing in a single row of 5-5 on a prominent process of the i^haryugeals. Dorsal somewhat behind the auterior line of the ventrals. Barbels none. Lateral line complete. Intestine short. Anal fin short. This genus is apparently related to Myloleucus, Cope, and it is pos- sible that the species that I describe below will have to be put under that genus. For the present, however, I think that the peculiar form of the mouth and the teeth, as well as the general organization of the auimal, will serve to separate it from Myloleucus. The name is given in allusion to the thoroughness with which the food is prepared by the numerous serrated pharyngeal teeth. 37. Opsopoeodus emiliae, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,429.) Form of the body as given above. Depth in the length 4^ times. Head in the length 4^. Muzzle blunt and rounded. Mouth very small, very oblique, the lower jaw in the closed mouth fitting within the upper. In this case the cleft is nearly vertical. The length of the man- dible equal to the distance from the tij) of the snout to the anterior margin of the orbit; while in Notemigonus chrysoleucus, which has a small mouth, the mandible reaches to the middle of the pupil. Eye greater than the snout, 3 in the head. Dorsal and anal fin-rays as follows : D. I, 9 ; A. I, 8. Dorsal begin- ning over the posterior rays of the ventrals, nearer the snout than to the base of the caudal ; length two-thirds the head ; its height equal to the length of the head. The anal fin in its length one-half the headj its height a little less than the length of the head. 508 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pectorals not reaching the ventrals; the latter attaining the anal. The caudal is furcated for more than one-half its length. Caudal pedun- cle slender, 3^ times in the length of the body. Scales in very regular rows, anteriorly somewhat higher than long ; the rows 5 or 6-40-3. Color in spirits pale yellow above, sides silvery, and golden yellow below. Above and on the caudal ijeduucle the scales with a narrow dusky edge, giving these parts of the body a regularly checkered appear- ance. A dusky band runs along the lateral line, back on the rays of the caudal, and forward over the opercle, through the eye, to the snout. Sometimes this band is almost black. Just above this band are two or three longitudinal rows of black dots, one of which dots is located at the tip of each scale. Below the lateral line is another similar row of dots. There is also a row of black points along the lateral line. The anterior rays of the dorsal fin are largely black, and there is also a black spot on the posterior rays. This is an elegant and very interesting species. Its oblique mouth and rounded muzzle give it a peculiar appearance. It appears to be widely distributed through the State. I have one specimen from Artesia, sev- eral from Macon, and one from Enterprise. Genus MINNILUS, Eafluesque. 38. Minnilus dilectus (Girard) C. & J. Minnilm dilectus, Joudan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1877, 80. Alburnus dilectus, GiRARD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 193. Alburnellus dilectus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 259. Nolropis athennoides, Jordan, Bull. 111. Lab. Nat. Hist. No. 2, 60 ; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv, No. 2, 422. A single specimen of a Minnilus, or Alburnellus, answering well enough to Girard's description cited above, was obtained at Enterprise. Subgenus Lythrueus, Jordan. 39. Minnilus punctulatus, Hay, sp. no v. (No. 27,430.) Body short, deep, and compressed. The back elevated in front of the dorsal. Depth in the length 4;^. The head is short and deep, 4f in the length. The profile is straight, or even a little concarve; the snout pointed. Mouth large and quite oblique ; the lower jaw longer than the upper. The maxillary reaches back to a perpendicular from the anterior rim of the orbit. The eye is of medium size, being contained in the length of the side of the head 3.^ times. The scales are very small. There are 10 to 13 horizontal rows above the lateral line, and 3 below it ; 48 to oO scales along the lateral line, and 25 or more in front of the dorsal. The lateral line is much decurved above the ventrals. Teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, usually with an evident triturating surface. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 509 Fin-rays as follows : D. I, 8 ; A. I, 10-11. Dorsal beginuing midway between the muzzle and the base of the caudal ; its length one-half, its height two thirds, the head. Anal in length three-fifths, in height four- fifths, the head. Caudal peduncle compressed, and contained in the length of the body 4^ times. The body is of a straw-color above, silvery along the sides and below. The scales above the lateral line are dark-edged from a succession of black dots, which are large enough to be seen by the unaided eye. A dark dorsal line of similar, but a little larger, black points. Along the sides anteriorly are a few such dots ; posteriorly they increase so much that on the caudal peduncle they form a dark band. The head, and especially the snout, are sprinkled with similar dots. There is a black spot at the base of the dorsal fin anteriorly. Opercles silvery. Size of largest specimens 2 inches. Corinth. This minnow resembles somewhat Notropls lirus, Jord., but is a less slender species, has a smaller eye, and has not the conspicuous band of metallic blue of that species. Rotropis matutinus (Cope) Jord., also ap- pears to be a much slenderer species, the depth being contained in the length 6 times. Also there are said to be but 7 rows of scales above the lateral line. I do not think that there are sufficient differences in the teeth of the species of Notropis, or Alinnilus, and those of Lythrurus to justify the separation of these species into two genera. If there is such difference, Notropls lirus ought to be written Lythrurus lirusy for the masticatory surfaces of its teeth are as i)lain, to me at least, as in L. diplwmius. 40. Minnilus rubripinnis, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,420.) Body long and slender, somewhat compressed, the depth in the length 4f times. Head arched transversely above; muzzle very pointed. Mouth oblique, large; the lower jaw slightly longer than the upper; the maxillary reaching to a vertical from the front of the eye. The eye is large, being contained in the length of the side of the head 3 times, and its diameter slightly greater than the snout. Head contained in the length 4i times. Scales small, especially in front of the dorsal fin, somewhat higher than long, but not so densely imbricated as in the next species. Rows of scales represented by the formula 7 to 9-45±-3. Lateral line much decurved anteriorly. The dorsal is situated far back, midway between the pupil of the eye and the base of the caudal, and considerably posterior to the ventrals ; its rays, I, 8; its length one-half the head, its height three-fourths. The anal is long, being three-fourths the length of the head, height one- half the head ; its rays, I, 12. The pectorals do not reach the ventrals ; the latter attain the vent. The coloration of this species is dark in s])irits, all the scales above the lateral line being covered with black points. Along the sides is a 510 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broad leaden band, which narrows behind on the caudal peduncle and becomes a dusky band, ending in an ill-defined caudal sj)ot. There is a narrow dorsal baud. The top of the head and snout, as well as the lower jaw, are dusky. The belly is pale. The dorsal and caudal are red, with more or less dusky. There is no dark spot at the base of the dorsal, as in some species of Lythrvrns ; but there is a distinct black spot on the upper part of the anterior rays of the dorsal. There is a similar black spot at the distal ends of the ante- rior anal rays. The anterior rays of the pectorals are dusky. Large numbers of this species were collected at Enterprise. The largest specimens have a total length of 2^ inches. 41. Minnilus bellus, Hay, sp. nov. (No. 27,426.) Adults of this species resemble much the young individuals of Notemigonus chrysoleucus. The body is short, deep, and considerably compressed. The dorsal region is elevated. Depth contained in the length about 3f times. Head short, in length of body from 4 to 4^ times. Muzzle short, rather pointed; the profile in adults concave; mouth quite oblique, large, the maxillary reaching back to the anterior rim of the orbit ; the lower jaw rather longer than the upper. The eye moderate, 3^ in the head. The lateral line is much decurved anteriorly. Scales 7 or 8-40 to 42-3, crowded forward, higher than long, about 25 in front of the dorsal. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2, "sharp-edged", but icith a "masticatory sur- face". Fin-rays, D. I, 8 ; A. I, 10-11. Dorsal situated midway between the tip of the snout and the origin of the caudal, wholly posterior to the ventrals, nearly twice as high as long, its length being contained in the head 1§ times. Anal contained in the head IJ times, a little higher than long, ventrals reaching the vent, the pectorals not extending to the ventrals. Caudal peduncle very little longer than the head, and rather slender. Color (in spirits) somewhat dusky above, with a narrow, dark dorsal line ; sides silvery, with a dull, leaden line along the caudal peduncle. Occasionally, in some of the most highly colored si>ecimens, a few scales on the side are widely margined with black, so that the sides appear splotched. The lower part of the body is in life almost flame-color. All the fins orange, at least at their bases. At least the tips of the dorsal, ventral, and caudal jet-black, l^o spot at the base of dorsal. In some adults the whole dorsal has black pigment mingled with the orange, besides having the rays tipped with black, and the distal half of the ventrals and anal black. Very few specimens are without the black tips to the fins, so that this becomes a distinctive character. Evidences of the existence of tubercles were observed on the heads of a few specimens. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 511 Thirty-six individuals were captured at Artesia and four at Macon. Length from 2 to 2| inches. This species must be closely allied to Lythrurus atripes, Jordan, found by Prof. S. A. Forbes in Southern Illinois. The differences are, how- ever, sufficiently evident. The larger eye, shorter head, fewer scales along the lateral line, and the fewer soft rays in the dorsal fin will dis- tinguish my species from that. The peculiar coloration of the fins and the lack of the dorsal spot will furnish the most obvious differences. This species illustrates well the little value of the character most relied on for separating the Lytliruri as a genus from the species of Minnilus. While the external characters are all, or nearly all, those of a typical Lythrurus^ the teeth are decidedly "sharp-edged", as that term must be defined in order to be applicable to other species with "sharp- edged" teeth. Under the suhgenus Lythrurus I would arrange the following species. There may be others that ought to be included : Minnilus diplcemius (Eaf ) Hay.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1867, 162. Pennsylvania to Illinois. M. cyanoeephalus (Copeland) Hay.—Jordan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1877, 70. Michigan to Minnesota. M. atripes (Jord.) Hay.—Jordan, Bull. 111. Lab. :N'at. Hist. No. 2, 59. Southern Illinois. M. ruhripinnis. Hay.—Mississippi. 31. ardens (Cope) Hay.—Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1867, 163. Virginia and North Carolina to Kentucky. 31. helliis, Hay.— Mississii)pi. 31. linis, Jordan.—Jordan, Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 342. M. punctulatus, Hay.—Mississippi. As an aid to the identification of the species given above, I insert the following analytical table : I. Elongated species ; depth in length 4^ or more times. 1. Color pale, with a lateral metallic blue band M. lirus. 2. Colors conspicuous—steel-blue, red, and purplish. a. A black spot at the base of the dorsal ; first ray of dorsal opposite the ventrals; A. I, 11 M. AUDENS. h. A black spot at the tips of the anterior dorsal rays ; first dorsal ray behind the ventrals; A. I, 12 M. kubkipinnis. II. Deep and compi-essed species ; depth 4^^ times or less in the length. 1. Species with a distiuct black spot at the base of doi-sal. a. Species with conspicuous hues; the dorsal surface dusky ; sides and fins with more or less crimson. * Eye small, 4 in head; depth 3^ in length; D. I, 7 ; A. I, 11 M. atripes. ** Eye in head 3^; depth in length 3|; D. I, 9; A. I, 11 M. dipl.emus. *** Eye in head 'Si; depth in length 4 ; D. I, H ; A. 1, 11 or 12. M. cyanocephalus. h. Color pale; scales coarsely punctulated, small, 10 to 12—18 to .50-3; spot small. M. PUNCTCLATCS. 2. No distiuct spot at the base of the dorsal; fins tipped with black M. bellus. 512 PUOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus KOTEMIGONUS, Eafinesquc. 42. Notemigonus chrysoleucus (Mitch.) Jor. (No. 27,423.) Stilbe amcricaria, Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1869, 389. NotemigonuH chrysoleucus, Jordan, Bull. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. No. 2, 404 (Synouomy). Specimens of this fish were obtained at Corinth, Artesia, and Macon. Genus SEMOTILUS, Bafinesqne. 43 Semotilus corporalis (Mitch.) Put. Semoiilus corporalis, Cope, Trans. Ajner. Phil. Soc. 1869, 363. A single j'oung specimen was seined from the ponds along Catawba Creek at Artesia. Genus CERATICHTHYS, Baird. 44. «eratichthys biguttatus (Kirt.) Bd. (No. 27,422.) Ceratichthys biguttatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1869, 366. A few immature individuals from the Chickasawha River at Enter- prise. 45. Ceratichthys amblops (Raf.) C. & J. (No. 27,436.) Ceratichthys amblops, Jordan, Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 328. An individual of this species, having a total length of five inches, and differing in no important respect from a specimen of the same size canght in Indiana, has been sent to me by Mr. Warner. 46. Ceratichthys winchelli (Grd.) Jor. Hyhopsis winchelli, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 211. Ceratichthys hyalinus, Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, 226. Nocomis winchelli, Jordan, Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 330. A single specimen of a fish answering well enough to the descriptions of this species was obtained at Enterprise. It is probably but a variety of C. amblops. The dark lateral band is very decided the whole length of the body. It is continued from the front of the eye around the snout, and is here quite black. Family CATOSTOMID^. Genus MOXOSTOMA, Rafinesque. 47. Mos:ostoma macrolepidotum (Le Sueur) Jordan, var. du^uesnii. Calosiomus duquesnii, DkKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes, 203. Teretnlus dufpiesnii, Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1889, 236. Ptychostomus duquesnii, CoPE, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1870, 476. Myxosfoma macrolepidotum, subsp. duquesnii, Jordan, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 12, 120. Several individuals of the widely spread "Red Horse" were obtained at Enterprise. 48. Moxostoma pcecilurum, Jordan. (No. 27,463.) One specimen from Enterprise. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 513 Genus ERIMYZOX, Jordan. 49. Erimyzon sucetta (Lac.) Jordan. (No. 27,448.) Catostomus sucetta, DeKay, Fauna N. Y. Fishes, 203. Moxostoma clarifonnis, Girard, Pac. R, R. Surv. vol. x, 219. Erimyzon sucetta, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. VZ, 144. A specimen of this species, a female, Avas obtained at Corinth. An- other female was caught in a shallow branch of Catawba Creek whilst depositing her spawn, in company with the male. Another very young specimen was seined at Macon. Genus CATOSTOMUS, Le Sueur. 50. Catostomus nigricans, Lc Sueur. (No. 27,447.) Hypentellum nigricans, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 9, 34. Catostomus nigricans, .Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 162. One specimen from Enterprise. Family SILURID^. Genus ICTALUEUS, Eafinesque. 51. Ictalurus punctatus (Raf.) Jordau. (No. 27,448.) Ictalurus coerulescens, Cope, Pioc. Auier. Phil. Soc. 1870, 489. Pimolodus oUvaceus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol. x, 211. IcMlia-Jurus punctatus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 76. I obtained specimens of this Catfish from the Noxubee River at Macon ; others have since been sent me from Enterprise, on the Chickasawha, by Mr. Warner. Genus AMIUEUS, Eafi^nesque. 52. Amiurus vulgaris (Thoinp.) Nelson. (Jto. 27,437.) Pimolodus aihirus, Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv. vol x, 210. Amiurus vulgaris subsp. a'lurus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 88. Two Catfishes were purchased from a young negro, who had caught them in Sand Creek near Artesia. One of these, having a total length of 10 inches, I identify as above. It is, I have no doubt, Girard's F. ailiirus, and if this is, as Professor Jordan in his " Synopsis of the Fresh Water Siluridie of the United States" affirms, identical with Thompson's P. vulgaris, the latter name will be the proper one to employ. The discovery of this specimen reveals a much greater range soutk- ward in this species than was previously suspected. Hitherto it has not been known to occur further south than Saint Louis, and has been supposed to be peculiar to our northern lakes and rivers. The other Catfish purchased was — 53. Amiurus melas (Raf.) Jord. & Copelaud. (No. 27,462.) Amiurus melas, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 89. One specimen from Sand Creek, Artesia, and two from Noxubee River at Macon. Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 33 Fel>. 16, 1881. 514 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus PILODICTIS, Eafinesque. 54. Pilodictis olivaris (Raf.) Gill. & .Tor. Hojjladelus oUvarin, Gill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1862, 45. — Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi la. 1869, 237. Pelodichthys olivaris, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns. No. 10, 95. The skin of a fine specimen of this species was obtained at Shubuta, the fish having been hooked from a branch of the Chickasawha. Genus NOTUEUS, Eafinesqne. 55. Noturus leptacanthus ? Jordan. (No. 27,442.) Noturm leptacanthus, Jordan, Annals N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 352 ; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 102. I have in my collection a specimen of a Noturus "which agrees pretty well with the descriptions given by Professor Jordan of his .W. leptacan- thus, as above cited. There are, however, some important differences which I am not able to acconnt for satisfactorily. My specimen is not quite 2 inches long to the base of the caudal, and is, therefore, most prob- ably a young one. Hence, the differences noted below may be due either to its beiug immature or to its being a different species. It seems that Professor Jordan knew of but a single specimen, and therefore his de- scription may not be applicable to every individual belonging to the species.* The head is small and narrow, widening gradually from the narrow snout to the shoulders ; the lateral outlines of the head, therefore, straight ; its length 4i times in the body. Upper jaw projecting, spines rather long and slender, instead of being short as in the type, the pec- toral spine being one-half the length of the head. The color is quite dark. In other respects the characters assigned by Professor Jordan to his species aj)ply reasonably well to my specimen. I think, therefore, that until more material is collected it will be better to assign the specimen as above. Collected at Enterprise. 56. Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill) Raf. Noturus gyrinus, CoPE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, 237. Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 10, 102. Another Noturus, 2 iuches long, collected at Macon, belongs to the above species. I append the following list of species collected at each of the localities visited : 1. Corinth. Water flowing toward the Mississippi. 1. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 515 2. Artesia. Catawba Creek, into Tombigbee. 1. Poeciliclithya artesise. 2. Vaillantia clilorosoma. 3. Micropterus pallidus. 4. Apomotis cyanellus. 5. Lepomis pallidus. 6. Zygonectes melanops. 7. Zygonectes notatus. 8. Hyborhynchus notatus. 9. Opsopoeodus eniilise. 10. Minnilus bellns. 11. Semotilus corporalis. 12. Notemigonus clirysoleucua. 13. Erimyzon sucetta. 14. Amiurus vulgaris. 15. Amiurus melas. 3. Macon. Noxubee River, into Tombigbee. 1. Boleosoma maculatum. 2. Vaillantia clilorosoma. 3. Apomotis cyanellus. 4. Lepomis pallidus. 5. Pomoxys uigromaculatus. G. Pomoxys annularis. 7. Elassoma zonatum. 8. Aphredoderus sayanus. 9. Zygonectes melanops. 10. Zygonectes notatus. 11. Dorosoma cepedianum. 12. Hyborbyuclius notatus. 13. Hybognathus argyritis. 14. Opsopojodus emiliiB. 15. Minnilus bellus. 16. Notemigonus clirysoleucus. 17. Erimyzon sucetta. 18. Ictalurus pnnctatus. 19. Amiurus melas. 20. Noturus gyrinus. 4. Narkeeta. Sucharnocliee River, into Tombigbee. 1. Lepomis obscurus. | 2. Centrarchus macropterus. 5. Enterprise. Chickasawha River, Ammocrypta gelida, Percina caprodes. Hadropterus spillmani. Nanostoma elegans. Nanostoma zonale. PoBcilichthys saxatilis. Micropterus pallidus. Ambloplites rupestris, Cbsenobryttus gulosus. Lepomis pallidus. Lepomis fallax. Zygonectes notatus. Hyodon seleuops. Clupea chrysocbloris. Hybognatlius argyritis. Alburnops taurocepbalus. Alburnops longirostris. 18. Alburnops xaeuocephalus. 19. Hemitremia maculata. 20. Luxilus cornutus. 21. Luxilus cMckasavensis. 22. Ericymba buccata. 23. Opsopoeodus emilise. 24. Minnilus dilectus. 25. Minnilus rubripinnis. 26. Ceraticbthys biguttatus. 27. Ceratichtbys amblops. 28. Ceraticbthys winchelli. 29. Moxostoma macrolepidotum. 30. Moxostoma pcecilurum. 31. Catostomus nigricans. 32. Ictalurus punctatus. 33. Noturus leptacanthus t 6. Shubuta. Chickasawha River. 1. Pilodictis oUvaris. RuTLER University, Irvington, Ind.y October^ 1880. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SYIVOPI§IS AND DKSCBfiPTlON.^i OE THE AITIIBRICAIV RUEIVOBATID^. By SAMUEL CJARITIAN. RHIXOBATID^. Trunk broad, flat ; tail long, strong, continuons with the body ; dor- sals and caudal well developed ; pectorals not reaching the end of the snout (except species of BiscohaUdae) ; covered with shagreen; with spines in a vertebral row and on the shoulders ; generally viviparous. Rhinobatus. Nasal valves not extended upon the space between the nostrils ; two flolds on the spiracle; rostral cartilage medium, the ridges separate ; snout pointed - leucorhynclius confluent half their length ; snout rounded on the end productus produced, narrow ; groove short, small ; ridges confluent more than half their length . spinosus long ; ridges straight, confluent less than half their length four patches of spines on the shoulders ; color uniform liorJcelii more than half their length ; two patches of spines on shoulders ; clouded or blotched undulatus close together, narrowly separated at the base ; rarely with spines on the shoulders ; freckled with whitish lentiginosus one fold on the spiracle ; snout blunt, rounded ; head flat planiceps Syerhina. Nasal valves extended on the internarial space; a fold on the hinder margin of the spiracle; rostral ridges meeting hrevirostris no fold on the spiracle; rostral ridges not meeting , exasperata Platyrhinoidis. Labial fold distinct ; no fold on the spiracle; posterior lobe of nasal valve rudimentary , triseriata proceedings^ of united states national museum. 517 Ehinobatus. Rostral cartilage rather slender, pointed, ridges meeting or close together in front ; dorsal fins far behind the ventrals ; nasal valves not extending between the nostrils 5 disk, without the ventrals, subtriangu- lar ; claspers slender, pointed. Rhinobatus leucorhynchus. Giinther, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. G04. Length of disk, including ventrals, 11^, width 7f, snout from mouth to tip 3i|, and total length 23 inches. Anterior margins very slightly undulating, posterior broadly curved. Posterior margin of ventral nearly straight. Head moderately broad, slightly concave ; width be- tween the eyes three and one-half times in the length of the snout. Eostral cartilage strong, moderately long ; ridges separate in their entire length, apjiroaching each other regularly toward the end of the snout, which they do not reach. Tip of the snout more pointed than in other species. Eyes moderate, larger than the spiracle. Spiracle with two folds on its posterior border. Anterior nasal valve small, not dilated, extending over little more than half the length of the nostril. Mouth slightly arched in the middle. Body covered with shagreen above and below. A row of small spines along the vertebra?, a pair on each shoulder, one above each eje, and a row of smaller ones along the orbital ridges. Tail depressed, with a fold on each side. Dorsals equal, second distant from the caudal the length of its base, and from the first by the length of its anterior border. Light reddish or olivaceous brown. Translucent spaces in front of the head white. White beneath. Panama. Rhinobatus productus. Girard, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 196. Disk having the form of that oi planiceps. Snout shorter than that of nmlnlatuSj rounded at the end. Eostral ridges confluent half or more of their length. Head slightly concave between the orbital ridges. Spiracles with two folds on the posterior border. Fins as in plankepR. Young with a dorsal row of compressed hooked spines commencing im- mediately behind the head, a pair on each shoulder, a series of smaller ones in front and above each eje, and a row of small ones on each of the ridges of the rostrum. Color a clouded brown, white on the translucent spaces in front of the head, a black spot beneath the end of the snout. The brown is grayish and somewhat dull, rather than rich and dark, as in the flat-headed species. Large specimens have small, indistinct spines in dorsal and orbital series, rostral ridges confluent for a greater portion of their length, and uniform coloration. Distinguished from R.planiceps by the folds on the spiracle, confluence of the ridges, and color : from R. laulu- 518 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIpNAL MUSEUM. latus by the stoutness of body, shortness of snout, and color. Thirty- eight specimens were collected at San Diego, Cal., by the Hassler expe- dition. Rhinobatus spiuosus. Gunthef, 1870, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. viii, 518. • Anterior nasal valve not dilated laterally. Snout much produced, the distance between the outer angles of the nostrils being one-half of that between the mouth and the end of the snout. The rostral ridges are confluent, very narrow, with a very small and short groove at the base, and in their entire length i^rovided with si^ines. Mouth nearly straight. Compressed spines with dilated base along the median line of the back, on the shoulder, and above the eye and spiracle ; the entire upper sur- face rough. Snout white. (Giiuther.) Mexico. Rhinobatus horkelii. Miiller & Heule, 1841, Syst. Bcschr. Plagiost. 122. Ehombic. Disk, including ventrals, 19, width 11.62, tip of snout to mouth, 6.87, and total length 35.5 inches. Head broader than that of R. undulatus ; crown flat. Anterior margins slightly sinuous. Angles and posterior margins of pectorals broadly rounded. Margins of ven- trals nearly straight. Suout long, rather less than four times the width of the head between the eyes. Eostral cartilage strong ; ridges distant at base, close together somewhat less than half their length, expanded near the extremity. Eye smaller than the spiracle. Spiracle with two folds on the posterior border. Anterior nasal valve not dilated, not ex- tending half the length of the nostril. Mouth nearly straight; a pair of concave curves meet to form a low arch on the symj^hysis. Covered with shagreen above and below. A row of hooked spines along the vertebrae, a row of several near the middle of each half of the shoulder- girdle, and a few smaller ones on the orbital ridge and in a group upon the end of the snout. Tail depressed, with a fold on each side. Second dorsal distant from the caudal less than the length of its base, and from the first less than the length of its anterior border. Uniform light grayish or olivaceous brown, without cloudings or spots. Whitish below. Translucent spaces on the snout white in young, darker in old. Sometimes a small patch of brown under the tip of the snout. Bahia; Rio Grande; Rio Janeiro and northward. Rhinobatus undulatus. V. Oilers, 1831, Die Gattnng Torpedo, 22. Rhombic. Disk, including ventrals, 18, width 10.75, from tip of snout to mouth 5.75, and total length 33 inches. Anterior margins nearly straight, slightly concave. Angles and posterior margins of pec- torals broadly rounded. Posterior margin of ventral straight a jiortion of its length ; posterior angle blunt. Head moderate ; crown concave. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 519 Snout loug, about four and oue-lialf times the width of the head between the eyes, liostral cartilages narrow, ridges close together more than half their length, expanded near the extremity. Eye moderate, larger than the spiracle. Spiracle with two tubercles on the hinder margin. Anterior nasal valve not dilated, extending over little more than half of the length of the nostril. Mouth straight or slightly arched forward. Covered with shagreen above and below. A row of small spines in a vertebral series to the caudal, a row of several near the middle of each half of the shoulder-girdle, and several above each eye and spiracle. Ko spines on the snout. Tail depressed, with a fold on each side. Second dorsal distant from the caudal more than the length of its base, and from the first by the length of its anterior border. Claspers long, slender, but little swollen at the end. Olivaceous brown, transversely clouded with darker. A few small round spots of white above the gills and behind the shoulder-girdle. Translucent spaces of snout white ; below there is a lozenge-shaped spot of dark, from each side of which a dark line passes to the anterior rays of the i^ectorals. Old specimens more uniform in color j dark marks of snout sometimes faded. Kio Janeiro and southward. Rhinobatus lentiginosus. Garman, 1660, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 163. Outlines of body and fins similar to those of Jiorlcelii and undulatm. Eostral cartilage long and narrow, a small groove near the head ; ridges close together from base to extremity. Eyes large. Spiracles half as large as the eyes, with two folds. Head narrow, concave between the eyes. The width of the interocular space equals that of the nostrils or their distance ai^art. Half the length of the snout is less than the dis- tance between the outer angles of the nostrils. Mouth nearly straight, a little less than twice the width of the head between the eyes. Scales small, smooth. Spines of the dorsal series and the three in front of each eye very small; those above the eye and spiracle not noticeable. Tiie largest spines on the body are a group of five on the top of the end of the snout, a pair of which resemble small horns. Shoulders smooth or with a single small spine. Color a light grayish brown, densely freckled with small spots of lighter ; uniform brownish below. On the lower side of the snout there are faint indications of markings similar to those of undulatus. Distinguished from horJcelii and undulatus by the colors, the horn- like spines on the end of the snout, the absence of spines on the shoul- ders, the narrowness of the head as compared with the width of the mouth, the shorter distance from snout to mouth, and the greater dis- tance from mouth to vent. Total length 22.9, snout to mouth 4.1, snout to vent 9.0, and width of pectorals 7.4 inches. Florida; South Carolina. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Rhinobatus planiceps. Gannan, 1880, Bull. Mns. Comp. Zool. No. 11, 168. Disk, including ventrals, rliombic, about one and a half times as long as wide. Anterior borders of pectorals straight, more than twice as long as -the convex posterior margins. Angles of pectorals rounded, the hinder not extending farther than to the vent. Outer angle of ventrals rounded, posterior acute. Head broad, flat. Eostral cartilage medium, dilated at the extremity, with the ridges close together in the anterior third of their length. Snout rather broad, with rounded ex- tremity. Eyes moderate. Spiracle immediately behind the eye, smaller than the orbit, with a single fold on the posterior side. Anterior nasal valve not dilated, posterior two-lobed. Mouth nearly straight. Body covered with shagreen above and below. Tail appearing as if continued on the posterior portion of the abdomen, much depressed, with a fold ou each side, bearing two elevated dorsals behind the ventrals and a cau- dal with convex border at its extremity. Second dorsal distant from the caudal the length of its base. Bases of the dorsals distant from each other the length of the anterior borders. Scales larger over the central portions of the disk. Compressed hooked spines in a median row on back and tail, in two patches ou each shoulder, and a series above each eye. On the young these spines are much more prominent and regular in size than in the adult. Color brown; light between and on each side of the rostral ridges; white below. Young specimens with a number of small, round, white spots on each side of the dorsum. The following measurements are taken from a young male : Inches. Total length 19-0 Snont to end of ventrals 10-2 Snout to mouth 3. 5 Width of pectorals 6.9 Payta, Callao, and Galapagos Islands. Syrbhina. Characters in general those of EhinohaUis. Disk somewhat shorter and broader. Nasal valves dilated and extending upon the interuarial space. Syrrhina brevirostris. Mliller & Heule, 1841, Syst. Beschr. Plagiost. 114. Disk, including the ventrals, rhombic, longer than wide ; width about seven-eighths of the length. Anterior margins nearly straight, slightly indented opposite the gill-openings, at the end of the snout forming an angle of less than ninety degrees. Angles and posterior margins of pectorals rounded. Ventrals rounded. Posterior angle rather blunt. Head moderate ; crown concave. Snout short, shghtly rounded at the tip ; length about twice the width of the head between the eyes. Eos- tral ridges distant at the head, meeting at the end of the rostrum. Eye PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 521 moderate, rather larger than the spiracle. Spiracle with one tubercle on the hinder margin. Anterior nasal valves dilated, extending across about one-third of the space between the nostrils. Mouth arching forward slightly. Body rough with shagreen above and below. Small hooked spines scattered over back and tail. A row of tubercular spines along the vertebrae to the second dorsal. Two or three similar tuber- cles over each extremity of the shoulder-girdle and a pair a short dis- tance from these toward the vertebral row. A couple of spines above each spiracle and one or two in front of each eye. Tail depressed, with a fold on each side. Dorsals equal, second distant from the caudal the length of its base and from the first the length of its anterior border. Light grayish or olivaceous brown 5 margins lighter ; whitish below. Sometimes clouded with brown. The claspers, as far as may be judged from young specimens, are similar to those of R. nndulatus. Total length 18J, length of disk, including ventrals, 10, and width of disk 8| inches. Eio Janeiro. Syrrhina exasperata. Jord. & Gilb. 1880, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 32. Disk, including the ventrals, rhombic, longer than wide. Anterior borders of pectorals nearly straight ; posterior convex. Snout truncated, as wide on the end as the space between the eyes. Rostral cartilage wide and strong, deeply grooved on its upper surface. Ilostral ridges prominent, widely separated, nearly or quite parallel from base to ex- tremity. Spiracles large, equal in diameter to the orbit, without a fold on the side. Fin-angles rounded, except the obtuse posterior angles of the dorsals. Dorsals elevated, behind the ventrals, the length of the base of tlie first less than the length of its posterior border, base of the second equal to its posterior margin. The base of the first is equal to its distance from ventral or from second dursal. Anterior nasal valves dilated, continued a little beyond the inner angles of the nostrils ; pos- terior two-lobed. Anterior extremities of the pectorals widely separated from the rostral cartilage, extending very little in advance of the eyes. Mouth wide, forming a low arch, regularly curved from the corners. Labial fold distinct for a short distance at the symphysis. Teeth small, blunt, in a hundred and ten series in the ni)per jaw. Claspers long, slender, knobbed at the ends. Tail with a thick fold on each side; caudal tin rounded, without indentation. Back thicklj^ covered with small scales, among which are scattered larger ones. A median row of large, blunt tubercles on the back and tail, and two short rows parallel to this on each shoulder. The bases of the tubercles are so covered by the skin and small scales that they appear as rounded i)rom- inences with a small spine on the summit. Color grayish brown. Near the ends of the rostral ridges there is a 522 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. baud of dark browu ; between this and another dark band which crosses the bases of the ridges there is a light band. A dark band across the head between the eyes is somewhat confluent with the band in front of it, which makes the fore part of the head dark, but leaves the promi- nences in front of the eyes light colored. The remainder of the upper surface is more or less clouded by faint indications of transverse bauds. These are more distinct in the young. With the excei)tion of a dark spot on the posterior angle of each x^ectoral, the lower surface is white. Total length 33.4, snout to end of ventrals 18, snout to mouth 4.1, and width of disk 15.5 inches. Specimen described an adult male. The kindness of the officers of the National Museum has enabled me to satisfy mj^self of the identity of TrigonorJiina alveata, described from old, and Platyrhina exasperata^ from very young specimens. Southern California. Platyrhinoidis, gen. nov. Disk broad, flat, rounded. Tail moderate, depressed, caudal fin broad. Dorsals posterior. Tubercular spines in vertebral series and on anterior margins of pectorals. Labial fold well developed. Nasal valves not reaching the mouth, posterior lobe rudimentary. yivij)arous. Distinguished from Syrrhina and Trigonorhina by the labial fold, nasal valves, and marginal series of spines, and from Platyrhina by the fold, valves, separation of pectorals, and vivij)arjty. Platyrhinoidis triseriata. Jord. & Gilb., 1880, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 30. Disk, including ventrals, subrhomboid, a little longer than broad, anterior borders convex, anterior and lateral extremities forming broad curves. Snout broad, rounded in front, length from upper jaw equal to distance between outer borders of nostrils. Eostral cartilage stout, ridges approaching rapidly and meeting near the end to form an acute l)oiut. Spiracles moderate, larger than the eyes and close behind them, without folds on the sides. Eyes small, distant from the end of the snout one and one-fourth times the distance between the spiracles. Crown broad, concave. Nostrils broad, narrower than the distance be- tween, which is nearly four times the space between them and the mouth. Nasal valves medium, hardly reaching upon tlie space between the nostrils, outer lobe narrow, posterior rudimentary. Mouth not large, moderately curved, distant from the end of the snout about one and one-third times its width. Teeth small (82 series in the upper jaw of the adult female described), subhexangular on the base, smooth or with alow, blunt cusp. Pectorals separated from the rostral cartilage by a translucent space. Dorsals similar, longer than high, separated by one and one-half times the length of their bases, insertion of anterior a little iu advance of the middle of the tail, posterior reaching a little behind the insertion of the caudal. Tail strong, more distinct from body than PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 523 iu species of Syrrhina, length from vent little more than that from snout to extremity' of ventrals, with a broad cutaneous fold on each side be- low, which extends to the ventrals and is continuous with the lower lobe of the caudal. Caudal rather large, somewhat more than twice as long as wide, margins entire. Covered with shagreen above and below. Several (three to four) series of sharp, erect, immovable spines along the anterior margin of the pectoral, a group of several above the ex- tremity of the rostral cartilage, and several on the orbital ridge. A vertebral series of larger spines on back and tail extending to the second dorsal, a pair near the middle and on each end of each branch of the shoulder girdle, and a series on eacli side of the upper surface of the tail parallel with the median. In foetal specimens the lateral series on the tail are not develojied, and the inner jiairs on the shoulder-girdle are represented by single spines. The upper portion of each spine is long, narrow, subfusiform, depressed, and, resting upon a low, narrow support, aj)pears as if merely applied to the skin by a portion of its lower side. Disk to end of ventrals 12, width of disk 11.2, vent to end of tail 12.G, and total length 22 inches. Uniform olivaceous brown, whitish beneath. Specimens described from U. S. Nat. Museum. Hab. Southern Cali- fornia. DISCOBATIDAE, fam. nov. Form intermediate between that of the Bajidce and BJiinohatidm ; nearer the latter. Tail less distinct from the body than in the former, to which there is also less similarity in dorsals, ventrals, caudal, and nasal valves. Oviparous. Provisionally placed as a subfamily of the Bhinohaiidce. DlSCOBATUS. Flatyrhina, preoccupied. Disk broad, flat, subcircular. Pectorals approximating in front of the head. Ventrals separate, entire. Dorsals and caudal as in Syr- rliina. Nasal valves resembling those of the Ehinohatidw ; anterior lobes united across the interuarial space. Egg-cases similar to those of certain Scylliidce. D. sclwnlcinii, sp. Muller & Henle, India. D. sinensis, sp. Lac^p^de, Cliiua. The species recently described as PJatyrJiinw having been withdrawn, the gonus contains no American representatives at present. 524 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. I.JIST OF TME NORTH AMIEROCAX SPECIES OF MVRIAlPOI>S BELOIVG- INtJ TO TJBE FAMBI.Y OF THE I^lf(>»aOfi»ETA]LHB5.E, "%VDTI3 A BE- SCRIPTflOIV OF A BLBIVIJ FORM FROM 1.17RAY CAVE, VflRCiEIVBA. By JOIIJ^ A. RYI>EK. Witliout specimens of eacli of the species identified bj' the authors who have described them, the Avriter finds himself quite enable to make a greatly needed revision of this group. The sexual api)endages have not been described in Spirostreplion cmsioannulatus Wood, tV. co^ei Pack- ard, or fS. vudii and S. cavcrnartim Cope. In the cases of the two last, Professor Cope, who described them in 1809, at first thought that they were provided with two pairs of lateral pores to each segment, and in the belief that Spirostreplion had no lateral i^ores he proposed the genus Pseudotremia. He afterwards seemed to agree with Packard that the last-named genus was not valid, and appears to have considered the P. cavernarum a Spirostrephon, as he adopts the last name as its genus in his jiaper on the Wyandotte Cave fauna, which he published in the American Naturalist in July, 1872. His princiijal reasons for this step seem to have been the foregoing, and that the* species was not hairy and was furnished with well-developed triangular eye-patches. '• The allied form found hy Mr. Cooke in the Mammoth Cave has been described by Dr. Packard as SpirostrcpJwn copei.^'' And, Professor Cope continues, "It is eyeless, and is, on this account alone, worthy of being distin- guished generically from Spirostrephon, though the absence of pores, asserted by Dr. Packard, would also constitute another character. Spi- rostrcplion possesses a series of lateral pores, as I have pointed out in accordance with Wood's view." At this point Professor Cope refers to a paper b}' himself in the Proceedings of the ximerican Entomological Society for 1870, where, in a foot-note, he says : " I must correct ray character 'no lateral pores' for Spirostrephon (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc;, 1809, J). 179) to one series of pores'." He then proposes the genus Scoterpes for Packard's Spirostrephon copei. We are accordingly led to believe that he has abandoned the genus Pseudotremia. But when vv'e come to learn the character of the external generative organs of the forms described by both Cope and Packard, I would be greatly disap- pointed if it was not found necessary to separate S. cavernarntn, ?S. vudii, and ^S*. ccvsioamiulatus Wood from Spirostrephon and refer them to another genus. For it is a very singular fact that, out of eight species of LysiopctaUda' which have been described since the S. laetarius of Say, none are known to have more than 32 or less than 28 segments, while the type species has no less than 59, according to Wood. I am there- fore inclined to believe with Cope that the S. ecvsioannulatus is congen- eric with S. cavernarum and S. vudii, for which the name Pseudotremia would perhaps become available in case they should be found to be dis- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 525 tiuct. Not only do the segments of ^S'. lactarius greatlj^ exceed in num- ber those of the curious little Lysiopetalids now under discussion, but the secretion from the foramina repngnatoria of the former nuist be copious, for Say remarks that " when irritated it discharges a lacteous globule from the lateral portion of each segment, diffusing a strong and disagreeable odor". And Cope remarks (Proc. Am. Ent. Soc, 1870, p. 67) that '' Spirostreplion lactariua exudes from a series of lateral pores a fluid which has in its odor a strong resemblance to creosote". Whether the genus Scoterpes is well enough characterized by the absence of eyes may be a matter of opinion ; otherwise the form agrees too closely with Trichopetalum to warrant us in being certain that it is not closely related. Both 8. {Scoterpes) copei and the three known species of Trichopetalum have no lateral pores, according to their describers, and are therefore probably a pretty closely related group, especially since they closely agree in the number of segments and the arrangement of the hairs or bristles on the back. The figure given by Packard (Am. Naturalist, V, 1871, p. 749) does not enable one to decide if it is male or female, on account of the carelessness of the artist with the first five pairs of legs, though it a])pears as if it were a female. Moreover, in the figure of the head from the front he contradicts his description on page 748, where he says : " No ocular depression behind the antennae, the surface of the epicranium being well rounded to the antennal sockets." The figure 130 rr, on page 749. would fairly represent the front of the head of the species which I shall describe farther on, only that the antennje are relatively longer in Dr. Packard's species. Taking a retrospective glance at the genera of American Lysiopeta- licke, we find that a single species has furnished the basis for the genus Spirostr€j)hon, defined by J. F. Brandt, in 1841, in his Recueil. His des- cription is only comparative with other groups of JuUflw of equal rank; the family character of the Lysiopetalids (sterna rudimentary, not con- joined with scuta) was used by him to define the genus Lyslopetalum. Ju this way Spirostrephon was characterized, maiuly witli respect to the characters presented by the maxillo-labial elements. Can it be consid- ered safe, in view of the facts before us, to indiscriminately assign spe- cies to a genus which has been quietly embraced amongst the ill-defined forms which have been discovered since the family has been founded ? To the writer the answer seems to be in the negative. No reference to the characters assigned to the genus or the description of the typical species of Spirostrephon has been made by some of the authors of Amer- ican species of LysiopetaUdcc. The jiresent systematic condition of the group is not good, and we are reluctantly forced to admit that it is very little better than a mere list of names. While the intention is not to be- little any one, there has been a very manifest lack of definiteness as well as accuracy and comj)leteness of the descriptions. From the des- cription of S. cavernarum, ? S. viidii, and ^S'. coiwi, we would be led to infer that the anteuuie were 8-jointed, but when we observe Dr. Pack- 526 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ard's figure of the last species (Am. ISTat., v, p. 749) we find that there are but seven joints represented, which is in agreement with what we find in TricJiopetalum, Zygonopus, Craspedosoma, and Lysiopetalum ; and in the case of the two first, Professor Cope's virtual assignment of them to Spirostreplion makes the number of joints in their antennae doubtful. Trichopetalum Harger, might probably have been more closely defined as to its generic characters, since those given by its author would not define it from Zygonopus, and it differs only from S. (8.) copei in having eyes, from Craspedosoma in having free sterna, though the latter may have free sterna too. Mr. Harger, however, admits the diffiuclties which beset him, at page 119, in a foot-note (Am. Jour. Sci., iv, 1872). While examining some living specimens of Trichopetalum lunatum under the microscope, about a year since, I observed that the respira- tion of the animal appeared to be conducted in a most singular man- ner. The air seemed to be drawn in under the labrum and in some way to enter the dorsal cardiac sinus as bubbles, which could be traced for some distance, more than half the length of the animal, as they trav- eled slowly backwards, until they disappeared over the opaque mass of ingested food contained in the intestine. These bubbles of air always passed backwards. It may have been that they passed backwards in- sile of the intestine, but the impression I got was that they were trav- eling through the cardiac sinus or dorsal heart of the animal. This circumstance may explain why it is that there are no pores on the side of the body, though it is true that the lateral pores of millipeds are usually foramina repuguatoria, and have nothing to do with the trachea or respiratory apparatus. This raises the question whether our Lysi- opetalidce are not distinguished from other forms in some more impor- tant way than has been hitherto supposed. The species which have been described are the following, though it is to be understood that they are only given as a list for reference; no ar- rangement is yet possible and none is attempted : 1. Spirostrephon lactarius Say, Wood (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, n. s., xiii). Art. Myriap. of N. Am., p. 192, with synonomy; Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xi, p. 179. Sabitat.:—Eastern United States. 2. S. cjesioannulatus Wood, op. cit., p. 194. Habitat.—Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Length 1 inch. 3. PsEUDOTREMiA CAVERNARUM Copc, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xi, p. 179, 18C9; Cope, Proc. Am. Ent. Soc, iii, p. 67, 1870; Packard, Am. Xat., V, p. 749, 1871. — Spirostrephon cavernarum Cope, Am. Nat., vi, p. 414, 1872.—P. cavernarum Harger, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, pp. 118, 119. 1872. Habitat.—Caverns in Virginia and Indiana. Length 11 lines. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 527 4. Ps. vuDii Cope, loc. cit., p. 180; Packard, Am. Nat., v, pp. 748, 7-kd, 1871; Harger, loc. cit., pp. 118, 119. Habitat.— ? Moutgomery County, Virginia. Length 11 lines. 5. Spieostrephon (Pseudotremia) copei Packard, Am. Nat., v, pp. 718, 719, 1871. — Scoterpcs co/jeiCope, Am. Nat., vi, p. 409, genus Sco- terpes proposed and defined p. 414; Harger, loc. cit., pp. 118, 119; Packard, Zoology, pp. 35G, 357. Habitat.—Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Length .35 inch. Trichopetalum Harger, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, p. 118, pi. ii, 1872. 6. T. LUNATUM Harger, loc. cit., p. 119; Eyder, Am. Nat., xiv, p. 37G, 1880. Habitat.—New Haven, Conn., and Philadelphia, Pa. Length 6""". 7. T. GL0]MERATU3i Harger, loc. cit., p. 120. Habitat.—John Day Eiver, Oregon. Length 10"'-. 8. T. JULOIDES Harger, loc. cit., p. 120. Habitat.—Simmons' Harbor, north shore Lake Superior. (Smith.) Length 8 """. The ninth American species, described below, is the third form of Lysiopetalid which is known to inhabit caves, and the only one beside the species which stands fifth in the above list which is totally blind. I name the species for Dr. C. A. White, United States paleontologist. It is a hairy form, like the four preceding, and will, no doubt, with those constitute a pretty homogeneous group. ZYGONOPITS,* nov. gen. Cliar. gen.—Sixth pair of legs very robust and with the third joint greatly swollen (a unique feature amongst Myriapods, and one which, like the claspers and intromittent organ of Branchii)ods, is to be regarded as a second- ary sexual character, and of value in the character- ization of a genus). 9. Zygonopus whitei, n. sp. Cliar. specif.—Head with short, dense hairs. No eyes, but there is a well-marked depression, or rather vertical excavation, extending from the end of the la- brum to behind and above the insertion of theantenniie. Behind the antenna? the head is much swollen, owing rig. i. Front view of to the outwardly bulging basal pieces of the jaws; Tig""'. swoiJeuGth leg labrum emarginate inferiorly; epicranium emargin- '"^i^ig.T Normal leg. ate behind to receive the anterior semicircular margin of the first * From livybg, a yoke, pair ; yove, that which generates ; and irovg, foot (leg). 628 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. scutum. Antennae pilose, rather robust, 7-jointed, 5tli longest; next longest in the 3d joint, then the 4th, 2d, Cth, 1st, and 7th, which last is provided with two or three blunt, tactile processes at the tip. Segments 32, including the head; an impressed dorsal line as in Spirostrephon cwsioanmdatus. Delicate and numerous impressed lines on the hind margins of the dorsal scutes. Six bristles surmount each scute; two are placed obliquely on each side, and another is closer to the median line on each side ; the upper ones on the four penultimate segments are at or near the posterior margin, and are shorter, blunter, and stouter; two of them project backwards from the margin of the preanal scute. Ap- parently no pores. Forty-seven i^airs of legs in cf , of which 45 are of the normal shape; 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th gradually longer; a wide interval between the 5th and 6th pairs, the latter very robust, the 3d joint being much swollen and somewhat flattened inside, with the terminal and basal joints stouter than in the remaining legs; 7th pair weak, but normal ; place of copulatory apparatus iu the i)osition of the 8th; 9th pair 2-jointed, with basal joint very short, while the 2d is four or five times as long and greatly swollen, looking in shape like a minute melon, and is extended horizontally outwards the same as the similar pair of organs in Tricliopctalum. Forty-eight pairs of legs in 2 ; appen- dages of 3d segment aborted as usual ; sexual openings bounded laterally by rounded elevations. Normal posterior legs slender and pilose. The bristles on the back of the animal are received into basal sockets, and when removed give the ai^pearance of a jiore with an elevated rim. A yellowish substance adheres to the hairs in drops or beads in alcoholic specimens, which may be the offensive secretion of the animal which has exuded at the base of the bristles, though there is none of the char- acteristic odor apparent to the smell. Length of the animal 8.5""". Color nearly white. Of the above singular form I have received four specimens, three males and one female, which were sent me by Dr. C. A. White, who ob- tained them from the owner of Luray Cave, in Virginia, who had col- lected them in the cavern himself. Some time last summer he sent me specimens which, upon being subjected to a test with acetic acid, proved to be only a calcareous crust which had been deposited over dead speci- mens lying in the cave. These were collected by himself, and were in- teresting as showing how pseudomorphs of organic forms might be de- veloped in caverns. The acid, however, dissolved them completely, and no vestige of the organic basis upon which they were molded remained. I at first supiiosed them to be some form of Julus, but could not be cer- tain. Out of nine related species known to inhabit this country but two are blind, the other being the SpirostrejjJion {Scoterpes) copci Packard, which inhabits Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Another, which, according to Pro- fessor Cope, inhabits Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County, Indiana ; Er- hart's Cave, Montgomery County ; and Spruce Eun and Big Stony Creek PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 529 Caves, in Giles CouDty, Virginia, curiously enougli, is not blind. This is paralleled in the case of two species of spiders, however, which were collected for me in a cave in Oregon, over a year ago, by Professor Cope. In one of them there is not a vestige of the eyes remaining, while in the other they are well developed. A Myriapod, which appears to be a Julus, from the same cavern also has eyes. The Polydesmus cavicola Pa('kard, from a cave in Utah, seems to have well-developed eyes. The Orchesella c(eca^ which still remains to be fully described, has very un- developed eyes, but differs in no other essential from its congenors. It was also collected in an Oregon cavern by Professor Cope. Multitudes of facts might be added, but the subject is too large a one for hasty gen- eralizations, and must be approached with the same thoroughness of purpose which has characterized the work of Messrs. Darwin and Wal- lace in their essaj'S m\}0\\ kindred subjects relating to the origination of species. We may be allowed, however, to add that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, with the increase in the number of known blind forms which are often congeneric with light-loving species, there is the strongest kind of ground for supposing that they have descended from forms which had eyes, and which wandered into these recesses, where, after many generations had lived and died, a blind form appeared, which resulted from the gradual abortion of tlie visual organs of its ancestors. In proof of this we have the partially blind Orchesella, which now seems to be verging towards such a condition. In the absence of a greater number of facts we are not justified in inferring more. True, we have a few instances amongst the mollusks, some of which in their larval states have useful ej^es, but which afterwards become useless and abort as the shell develops and gets thicker. Some terrestrial Myria- pods are blind, such as Eurypauropiis; so is Lumhricus, the earth-worm, and some of the dirt-abiding Thysanura, which also live among fallen leaves, such as Campodea, while in the burrowing Symphyla {scolopen- drelke) the eyes are reduced to a single pair, with little or no red or dark coloring in the tapetum, differing widely in this respect from the com- pound-eyed, terrestrial Myriapods. DESCRIPTBOIV OF A NE'W SPECBES OF PRIONOTUS (PKIOIVOTt'S S^JES»I;IAN©PIIKYS,S FKOM THE COAST OF OAI^IFOKIVIIA. By ^T. N. I.Orofile rises in almost a Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 34 Apa'ill 18, 1881. 530 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. straight line. Dorsal outline from origin of dorsal fin to caudal sliglitly sigmoid, the portion under base of second dorsal nearly straight, while the c:iudal peduncle widens at its extremity, is two and a half times as long as its least depth, and at its narrowest place one-third as deep as the greatest depth of the fish. Abdominal outline slightly curved. Snout twice as long as longitudinal diameter of eye, which is con- tained about four and a half times in the side of the head; interorbital width slightly less than longitudinal diameter of eye. Bones of head less conspicuously striated than usual in the genus. Preorbital, suborbital ring and stay, and operculum distinctly striated, the striiB radiating ; upper surface of head punctate, with short striae on the upper margins of the orbit and on the occiput. Top of head and interocular space almost flat, a serrated, crest-like ridge over ea(;h eye (hence the specific name). The interorbital space unusu?illy broad, not at all concave, as broad as eye; a slight trace of a cross furrow behind the eye. Central ridge of operculum distinct, and continued backwards considerably beyond its membranous edge as a strong, sharp spine. A similar sharp spine on the angle of the preoperculum. A strong- spine, smaller than those on the gill-covers, on the scapular bone, and a similar one on the suprascapular region. A backward-directed pre- ocular spine. Mouth rather large, somewhat oblique, the maxillary extending to opposite front of eye; jaws nearly equal; entire upper edge of man- dible hidden by the preorbital when the mouth is closed ; lower edge of preorbital set with small spines terminating the strite. Upper jaw two and one-sixth times in length of side of head. A band of several rows of villiform teeth along both jaws ; tip of the upper jaw emarginate and toothless ; villiform teeth on palatines and vomer. Tongue thick and fleshy. Eye lateral, almost circular; inter- orbital area flat transversely. Gill-openings continuous, the membrane not joined to the isthmus ; brancliiostegals seven. Gill-rakers long and slender, about three- fourths as long as the diameter of the orbit. First dorsal arising a little anterior to the tip of the operculum the third and longest spine nearly equal to half the length of the head, the ninth and tenth spines very short, nearlj" hidden in the skin. First and second dorsal spines serrated anteriorly. Second dorsal with a nearly straight upi)er margin, but slightly highest in front ; rays all once bifurcate. Anal commencing and ending slightly posterior to the origin and termination of the second dorsal ; rays all once bifiu'cate. Posterior margin of caudal slightly concave when expanded; all the long rays except the two outer ones branched, the four central ones three times bifurcate. Pectoral pear-shaped when expanded; the membrane between the rays very wide; all the rays bifurcate except the uppermost and lower- most; the tip of the tin reaching to the eighth or ninth anal raj' when PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 531 turned straif^lit backwards. The three pectoral filaments very slender, the uppermost about half as lon<2^ as the pe(;toral fin, which is con- tained two and two-thirds times in the total length. Ventrals four and three-fourths times in total length, their tips nearly reaching the vent ; all the rays once bifurcate, the last united by mem- brane at its base to the abdomen. Bases of pectoral and ventral fins oblique, the pectoral filaments in advance of the ventrals, which are inserted vertically below the an- terior margin of the i^ectorals. Scales of moderate size, finely ciliate. Lower jaw, gill-membrane, and sides and upper surface of head scaleless. Scales of breast rather smaller than those of back. A row of scales along the basal part of the outer caudal rays, other fins scaleless. Lateral line simple. General color of body slaty gray or leaden upon the upi)er two-thirds, the lowest third white. A black spot on the dorsal between the fourth and fifth spines, traces of it between the fifth and sixth. Three rows of black spots on the second dorsal, the spots set saddlewise across the rays. Three rows of black spots on caudal, the terminal row between the rays. Anal white. Pectoral black, with whitish cloudings. Upper part of head rather darker than tlie body, a silvery tint about the pos- terior portion of maxillary, lower part of gill-cover, and base of pectoral. A single specimen of this species was procured in the market of San Francisco, October, 18S0, and was taken off Point Eeyes. It is now in the United States National Museum, numbered 27048. A large proportion of the fish brought to the San Francisco markets is procvux^d in the tolerably- deep water of the region between the rocky islets known as the Faralloues, the entrance of San Francisco Bay, and Point Eeyes, a rocky prouiontory some forty miles north of San Fran- cisco. This locality yielded the first specimens of Artedins qiiadriseri- atus Locktn., Odoiitopyxis trispinosus Locktn., Agonus vulsus J. & G., BracliyopHls rernicosus Locktn., Brachyistins rosavetis J. & G., Hippoylos- soides cxilis J. & G., Atheresthes stomius J. & G., Cynicoglossus pacijicus Locktn., and Glyptoccphalus zachinis Locktn. Brachyopsis xyostcrmis J. & G. and Artedins piujettensis Steind. occur there in tolerable abun- dance, and it has now furnished the iirst example of a genus hitherto not known to occur north of the Gulf of Fonseca. Gunther (Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. ii, 195, 190) gives a short diagnosis of three species of Prionotus from the Pacific, P. Jiorrens Eich., P. hiros- trafus Eich., both from the Gulf of Fonseca, and P. miles Jenyns, from the Galapagos. P. steplmnoplirys most resembles the latter species, but has much longer i)ectorals and a difl'erent coloration, the latter being "above mottled brilliant tile-red j beneath silvery white". 532 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Table ofliroportionate measurements. Locality. Point Reyes, Cal. Inches lOOtks and of lOOths. lenath. Extreme length Length to base of middle caudal ravs Body: Greatest height Least height of tail Length of caudal xiedunolo Preopercular spine Head : Greatest length to tip of opercular spine. Distance from snout to nape , Great'jst depth at occiput "Width of interorbital area Length of snout Length uf operculum to end of spine Lengt li of maxillary Length of mandible Occipital process Diameter of orbit Dorsal : Distance from snout Leui:th of base Hc'iuht at third spine (Soft) leu'.;th of base Height at longest ray Height at last ray Anal: Distance from snout Length of base Heiglit at longest ray Caudal : Length of middle raya Length of external rays Pectoral: Upper appendage Second appendage Tliird appendage ^ , Lenuth , Ventral : Distance from snout , Length Branchiostegals , Dorsal Anal Pectoral Xumber of scales in lateral line 7.60 6.35 26 7 15 4 41 28 22 7 15^ 10 20 ''i 8J 36i 25i 17 28 15 7 C2 26 llj 21 25 21 17i 47i 32 25 VII X-12 I-IO 13-III 54 San Francisco, Cal., Novcmher 15, 1880. THE FRSOATE: 7IA€KE:RE:1L, ArXBSROCJSEI, OIV THE NEW EJNGIiAND COAST. By G. BROWi^ G<>01>E. The United States Fisli Commission bas obtained numerous speci- mens of a fish before entirely unknown in the Western Atlantic. Tbis is the frig:ate mackerel, Auxis Rochei, twenty-eigbt barrels of wbiek were taken in a mackerel seine ten miles east of Block Island, on the 3d of August, by the schooner "American Eagle", Capt. Josiab Chase, of Provincetown, Mass. The frigate mackerel resembles, in some particulars, the common mackerel ; in others, the bouito—the genus Auxis being intermediate in PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ODD its Character between the Scomber and the related genera Pelamys and Orcynus. It has the two dorsal fins remote from each other, as in Scorn- her, and the general form of the body is slender, like that of the mack- erel. The body is, however, somewhat stouter, and, instead of being covered with small scales of uniform size, has a corselet of larger scales under and behind the pectoral fins. Instead of the two small keels upon each side of the tail, which are so noticeable in the mackerel, it has the single, more i)rominent keel of the bonito and the tunny. Its color is grayish blue, something like that of the pollack, the belly being lighter than the back. Under the posterior part of the body, above the lateral line, are a few cloudings or maculations resembling those of tbe mack- erel. The occurrence of a large school of this beautiful species in our waters is very noteworthy, for the fish now for the first time observed are very possibly the precursors of numerous schools yet to follow. It is not many years since the bonito became an inhabitant of our waters, and the distribution and habits of the frigate mackerel are sui)posed to be very simihir to those of the bonito, Sarda pelamys, and the little tunny, Orcynus tkynnus, which also first came on the coast in 1871, and have since been found in considerable numbers. The frigate mackerel has been observed in the West Indies and other parts of the tropical Atlantic, as well as on the coast of Europe. In Great Britain it is called the "plain bonito". It is not unusual in the Bermudas, where it is called the "frigate mackerel", a name not inap- propriate for adoption in this country, since its general appearance is more like that of the mackerel than the bonito, while in swiftness and strength it is more like the larger members of this family. Since the first appearance of this fish many new observations of its abundance have been received. These fish seem to have come in im- mense schools into the waters between Montauk Point and George's Bank ; and from Mr. Clarke's statements it appears that they have been observed in small numbers by fishermen in i)revious years. Several vessels have come into iN^ewport recently reporting their presence in immense numbers in the vicinity of Block Island. It will interest the "ichthyophagists" to know that several persons in Newport have tested the fish, and pronounce it inferior to the bonito. Part of the flesh, that on the posterior part of the body, is white, but behind the gills it is bkick and rank, while the meat near the backbone is said to be of dis- agreeable, sour flavor. It is hard to predict what its influence will be upon other fishes already occupying our waters. Its mouth is small and its teeth feeble, so that it is hardly likely to become a ravager, like the bonito and the bluefish. There is little prol)ability, on the other hand, that its advent will be of any special importance from an economical i)oint of view, for its oil does not seem to be veiy abundant, and it would hardly i)ay at present to capture it solely ibr the purpose of using its flesh in the manufacture of fertilizers. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mr. A. Howard Clarke, iu charge of the Fish Commission station at Gloucester, has communicated to Professor Baird some interesting facts regarding- its abundance. JFrom these statements it would also appear that the species has been observed occasionally in past years. He writes under date of August 10: "I have received this morning from the schooner 'Fitz J. Babson', just arrived from Block Island, a fish answering to your description of the Auxis, having a corselet of scales around the pectoral fin, as in the tunny. The captain of the vessel, Joshua Biggs, reports that about a week ago he had a hundred barrels iu the seine at one time, and saw over twenty schools of them. He saw them as far east as Sow-and-Pig Light Ship. They are very easy to catch, flip like menhaden, do not rush, and are not frightened at the seine. They go in immense numbers; he thinks as many as one thousand bar- rels to a school. Tbe day after the appearance of these fish the mack- erel disappeared, but he does not know whether the mackerel were driven away by them or not. They feed on mackerel food. Mr. Daniel Hiltz, of the same vessel, says that he caught one ofjust the same kind, in Februarj", 1879, on a haddock-trawl on the eastern i)art of tl:e Middle Bank, in forty fathoms of water. He took it to Boston, where it was called a young bonito. " Mr. John Henderson, of the schooner ' Sarah C. Wharf, says that two vessels caught such fish recently eastward of here. The schooner 'American Eagle', of Provincetown, took a number of barrels of them into Newport, and sold them for a dollar a barrel. Another Cape Cod vessel''—he does not know her name—"took about fifty barrels of them and threw them away. All the mackerel-seiners from Block Island report seeing quantities of this new fish within the past forinight. The captain of the schooner ' Sarah C. Wharf says he first saw them a fortnight ago, some fifteen miles ofi' Block Island. The captain and several of the crew of the 'Ella M. Johnson', of I^ewburyport, just arrived from Block Island, state they saw abundance of the Auxis, but did not know what it was until rei>orts came from you at Newport. They opened one and found in its stomach the ordinary red-mackerel food. This crew differ with the crew of the schooner 'Fitz J. Babson', with regard to the ease of capturing them ; think them rather difficult to take; say they fii[> like porgie^, and do not rush like mackerel. They saw ten large schools of them on Saturday- last, when some fifteen miles south of Block Island." I hope that any reader of the American Xaturalist who has seen this fish will mention it. Some may, perhaps, have an opportunity of study- ing its habits. The length of those I have seen ranges from 12 to 16 inches, and their weight from three-quarters of a i)Ound to a pound and a half or more. Those sent to New York market were j art of the lot taken by the schiiooer "American Eagle" and brought into Newport, whence they were shipped by Mr. Thompson, a fish-dealer of that place. It would require from eighty to one hundred of them to fill a barrel; so PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 535 the estimate of Captain Riggs, that there are a thousand barrels in one of the schools, shows how exceedingly abundant they must be. The name "frigate mackerel", used in Bermuda, would seem to be the best name for use in this country, since the fish resemble the mackerel more than they do the bonito or tunny. Capt. ^. E. Atwood, of Proviucetown, Mass., the veteran tisherman- ichtbyoh)gist, has examined the specimens, and is satisfied that they beloug to the same species with a fish which he found abundant in the Azores in 1810, when, led by the reports of Cape Cod whalers, he went to these islands in search of mackerel, the mackerel-fishing being poor at home. ]^o mackerel were found except the frigate mackerel referred to in this note. NOTACA^fTIIUS PEffASCJATVOKttJS, A ISEW 8E»ECaES OF IVOTTACAN- TJIiaD^E FKOM TItiE GKAIVD BANSiS OS-" IVElVFOiJiVOa^AIVEJ. By G. ISKO^YN G®01&E. The United States Fish Commission has received from the schooner "Gatherer," of Gloucester, Captain Briggs Gilpatrick, a remarkable fish taken from the stomach of a ground-shark, Somniosiis' hrevipinnis, on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. Notacanthus, Blocli. Notacanthus, Bloch. Acantkonotus, Block, Icbtliyologia, xii, 1797, p. 113, pi. ccccxxxi. (Xo tle- scriptiou separate from that of species A. nasus.)—Schneider, Bloch, Syst. lehth. 1801, p. 390, pi. xlvii. Notacanthus, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss. 1H04. Head and body much compressed, the body elongate, produced in a long pointed tail, shaped like that of Macrurus or Flenisfer. Snout pro- duced, obtuse, rounded at its tip. The cleft of the mouth inferior. (The specimen is mutilated, but tlie maxillaries do not appear to be protrac- tile. Dorsal fin almost rudimentary, consisting of very short, flexible spines, remote from each other and not connected by a membrane. Anal fin very long; its origin close behind the vent, which is situated nearly millway of the length of the body; its anterior portion is composed of separate flexible spines, without membrane, resembling those of the dorsal ; these gradually lengthen, grading into the articulated branched rays. No caudal. Ventrals broad, with broad, ijeduncle-like bases, closely contiguous, separated only by a slight groove at the base, situ- ated near the vent. Teeth acicular, in single rows upon maxillaries, in a double row upon mandibulars, villiform and in a double row upon the palatines. Vomerine teeth not apparent (?)• Scales very numerous, of moderate size, round, thin, flexible. Branchiostegals about 8 ; gills 4. Notacanthus phasganorus, new species. Tlie body is much compressed, its greatest width slightly more than one-third the height of the body at the vent, its width at the tail from 536 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. one-fourth to one-tiftli of its height, and about one-thirteenth of the len.cth of the head. Its length is about one-eighth its height at the.vent. The scales are round, thin, tiexible, very small upon the head, not wider than the diameter of one of the dorsal spines, but upon the anterior half of the body they are about three times as large, decreasing in size upon the posterior half, until upon the tail they are smaller than upon the head. The number of scales in the lateral line is not far from 400, but in the partially digested specimen before me it is impossible to make an exact enumeration. The number between the lateral line and the dorsal fin is about 20, between the lateral line and the anal tin about 30. The head is covered in every part, even the lips, with small scales. There are about 40 between the eye and the end of the opercular flap. The scales are deeply imbedded, and in life are probably hidden beneath a slimy epidermis. The length of the head is contained about seven and one-third times in that of the body. Its bones are all tiexible, and their outlines are invisible without dissection, the whole being covered with a leathery skin protected by scales. The width of the interorbital space api^ears to be (in the mutilated head) somewhat greater than the length of snout, and about one-fourth the length of the head. The diameter of the orbit apprars to be about one-half the width of the interorbital space. The length of the postorbital portion of the head is nearly three times that of the snout. The length of the mandibular bone slightly exceeds twice the diameter of the eye; that of the upper jaw is considerably greater. The teeth in the upper jaw are blunt, acicular, set side by side like the teeth of a comb, about 32 on each side. In the lower jaw they are shorter, slenderer, and in double rows. Yilliform teeth upon the pala- tines. The dorsal fin begins at a distance from the snout not far from two and three-fourth times the length of the head, and nearly over the one hundred and tenth scale of the lateral line. It consists of ten low, widely separated spines, unconnected by any membrane. The distance between the first and tenth spine is nearly double the length of the head. The spines from the fourth to the ninth are about equidistant, while the other interspaces are shorter. The distance from the snout to the anal fin is equal to about four times the length of the head. The anterior spinous portion of the anal resembles the dorsal and is devoid of connecting membrane. The mem- brane is also absent from the posterior half of the fin, but may possibly have been destroyed. The anal rays extend to the tip of the elongate tail and number about 130, the number of spines being 19. The anal begins immediately behind the vent, and its length of base is slightly less than half that of the body—less by a length about equal to the dis- tance from the angle of the mouth to the gill-opening. The pectoral fin is placed at a distance behind the gill-opening about equal to the width of its own base. Its length is at least double this PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. r)37 distance—how much more cannot be determined, but the fin is evidently short and rounded in contour, the upper rays longest. Its base is stout-peduncular, and thickly covered with scales. The distance of the ventrals from the snout is equal to that of the dorsal, though its insertion is slightly in advance of that of the dorsal. The two ventrals are closely adjacent, separated by a narrow groove, broad, with peduncle-like bases, thickly covered with scales. They are provided with two spines and eight or nine (as nearlj' as the speci- men will permit determination) rays. D. X; A. XIX (130); C. O5 P. (17); V. II, 8-9. Measurements, Millimetera. Extreme length 963 Body : Height at veut 110 Greatest width (40) Head : Greatest length 132 Width of inteiorbital area (.34) Length of snont 30 Length of postorbital portion (measured, diagonally) 87 Length of -upper jaw 40 Length of mandible 86 Diameter of orbit 17 Dorsal : Distance from snont 350 Length of base 2ir> Length of first spine 2 Length of last spine. 7 Distance between first and second spines 7 Distance between second and third spines 19 Distance between third and foTirth spines 22 Distance between fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, sixth and seventh, sev- enth and eighth, and eighth and ninth spines 25 Distance between ninth and tenth s^iiues 21 Anal : Distance from snont 437 Length of base 525 Height at first spine 2 Pectoral : Distance from snont 150 Length . (40) Ventral : Distance from snont 350 Length 20+ INDEX. A. Page. Abeillia typica 317 Abeona 303, 3U4 aurora 300, 304, 456 miniina 28, 299, 300, 304, 456 Acaleplire 132 AcnnoUa normani 358, 359 Acautbarcus pomotis 9.7 Acantbocaipus aloxandri 418, 451 Acanthonotus 535 nasns 535 Accipiter 243 cooperi 193 fuscus 193 ruesicanus 213 Acclla 160 Acestxura beliodori 315 mulsanti 315 AcMrus lineatus 77 Acipenseiida3 114 Acipensur acutirostris 457 biachyrhynchus 457 mcdirostris 457 oxyrhynclius .. 114 ruthcnus 114 transinontanus 457 Acirsa borealis 37^ costulata 377 Eschrichtii 377 gracilis, new species 377, 404, 406 l)rielong» 377 Aclis 377 pellucida 406 striata, new species 377, 404, 406 Walleri .....377,404,406 AcmaBa rubella 391,404,406 testudinalis 127 testudiualis var. alvcus 127 Acrothele 47 note on 47 coriacea 47 grannlata 47 intermedia 47 subsidua 47 Acrotreta? subsidua 47 Acrybia fiava 372 Actinolite 333 Actodromas 227, 243 acuminata 199, 222, 230 bairdii 200, 222 cooperi 199 fuscicoUis 199 maculata 199 minuta 237 minutilla 200 temmincki 237 Page. Acton, H. B 140 Adams, A 383 H. and A 381 Adamsia 426, 428 Adelomyia melanogenya 317 Admete coutbouyi 406 Adularia 334 iEchmophorus 228,243 clarkii 210 occidentalis 210 .3Ecbmoptila albifrons 221 ^gialitis 243 cantiana nivosa 199 euronica 10, 198, 221, 230 curonicus 10 hiaticula 198,221,229 meloda 199 meloda circumcincta 199, 221 melodus var. circumcinctus 221 microrbyncbus 10,221 semipalmata 198 ^giotbus 243 brewsteri 177, 216 canescens 2, 177, 229 canescens exilipes 2, 177 (flavirostris var. ) brewsteri 216 fuscescens 235 linaria 2, 177 linaria holboUi 2, 177, 216, 235 linaria var. fuscescens 2, 214 rostratus 235 .^Igithalus flaviceps 224 J3olis (Tergipes) despecta 127 JSsalon 226,243 columbarius 192 suckleyii 192, 220 regulus 192,220,229 ricbardsouii 192,220 .aistrelata bulweri 223 Aetobatis laticeps 457 Agassiz 2,327 Alexander 326, 362 Agate 334 Agelaeus 243 phceniceus 4, 182 gubernator 183 tricolor 4,183 Aglaeactis cauraatonata 317 cupripennis 317 olivaceocauda 317 Agonidse 85, 480 a new Califomian species of 60 Agonoid, description of a new Californian.. 330 fisli, new, from Monterey Bay 152 Agonus C3, 153 acipenseriuus 332 539 540 INDEX. Pago. Agonus Annre 332 Barkani 332 (Brachyopsis) Annas 332 Barkani 332 cataphractus 332 rostratus 63, 1 53 vulsus, a new Califoruian fish 330 new species 330, 332, 631 Agyrtria brevirostiis 318 Candida. 318 fluviatilis 318 leucogaster 318 linnsei 214 niveipectus 318 tephrocephala 318 tobaci 214 Ah Sam 24 Aithurus polytmus 313 Aix 243 sponsa 204 Ajaja 10,226,243 rosea 10, 198 Alaska, desciiption of a new fish from 58 Uranidea microstoma from 58 Alauda 225,243 arvensis 185,218,225,238 calandra 236 Alaudidae 239 Albatross, black-footed 208 short-tailed 208 sooty 209 yellow-nosed 209 Albicore 273,275 Albite 333 Albula conorhynchus 107 vulpes 30,107,457 AlbulidsB 30,107 Alburnellus 508 dilectus 508 Albiimops 503 longirostris, new species 504, 515 taurocephalus, new species 503, 515 xffinocephalus 504, 515 Albumus dilectus 508 Alca 243 alle 228 antiqua 228 arctica 228 cirrhata 228 cristatella 228 impennis 211 kamtschatica 12 pygmsea 12 torda 228 Alcedinidse 239 Alcidas 240 Alcyonidinm hispidum 131 Alepidosauridoe 107 Alepidosaurus borealis 457 ferox 107 Alexia myosotis 376, 379 Allanite 333 AUen, Mr 7 255 Alio 228 243 nigricans 211,228 Page. AUophanite 333 Alloposus 362 mollis 363,403,405 Allorisma 46 Almandite 333 Alopias vulpes 458 Alosa sapidissima 108 Altaite 333 Aluco 7, 226, 243 fiammeus amoricanus 190 pratincola 7 Alum 333 Alutera !nnulatuin 408 sp 399 sp. ind 404 sp. n. (cancellated) 407 Carduelis elegans 238 stanleyi 230 yarrelli 230 Carinaria atlantica 391, 404, 400 mediterranea 391 Carine noctua 237 Carnallite 333 Camelian 334 Cams 280 Carpholite 333 Carpodacus 243 amplus - 176, 210, 228 cassini 170 frontalis 170 rhodocolpus 170, 216 hffimonhous 213, 236 purpureus 176 purpureus califomicus 1 76 Carroll, Captain 44 Carter 270 Cassin, l^Ir 15 Cassiterite 333 Catarractes califomicus 223 Catbird 167 Catharacta skua 227 INDEX. 547 Page. Catharista 9,226,243 atrata 195, 233 (atrata, Bartr.) 9 urubu 9 Catbartes 243 aura 195 biinovianus .213,237 grypbus 237 papa 237 Catbartidae 239 Catbeipes 243 mexicamis 169, 229, 232 conspersus 169,215 var. conspersus 215 Catostomidaj 21,110,512 Catostomiis 462,513 ardcns. new species 404, 465 commersonii 110 duquesnii 512 fecundus 463 guzmaniensis 464 longirostrum 110 niacrocbilus 464 nigricans 110, 513, 515 occidentalis 326, 327 sucetta 513 Cattie, S. TH 280 Catulus ventriosus 458 Caulolatilus anomalus 455 priuceps 27 Cavolina 390 inflexa 392, 404, 407 longirostra 392 longirostiis 392, 404, 407 tridentata 392, 408 uncinata 392, 404, 407 Cebedicbtbyidas 138 Cebedicbtbya 138 violaceus 454 Celestite 333 Cenozoic invertebrate fossils from Arkansas, Colorado, Utab, and Wyoming 157 Centrarcbidae 19, 20, 96, 497 Centrarcbtis 500 bcxacnnthus 500 iridcus 98, 500 macropterus 500. 515 pectacantbus 498 Centridermicbtbys 459 fasciatus 459 uucinatus 85,459 Centroccrcus 243 urophasianus 196 Centronyx 243 bairdii 178 ochrocepbalus 214.235 Centropbancs 225,243 lapponiciis 177 ornatus 177 pictus 177 Centropborus 480 Ccntropristis atrarius 99 Centroscymnus ccelolepia 116 Ccntroscyllium Fabricii 116 ("cnturus 243 I*nge. Centnrus aurifrons 189, 233 carolinus 189 uropygialis 189,233 Cephalolepis delalandi 3] ' loddigesi 317 Cepbalopoda 125, 560,405,408 Cepbaloscyllium 41 laticeps 52, 4.j8 occurrence of, in California 40 Cepbus Jirra 223 Ceramium iiibrum 388 Cerapus rubricomis 448 Cerargyrite 333 Ceratacanthus aurantiacus 70 Ceratias uranoscopus 469 Ceraticbtbys 512 amblops 512, 51 5 bigutlatus 110,512,515 hyalinus 512 wincbelli 512, 515 Ceratoptera vampyrus 457 Ceratorhina 228, 243 monocerata '. 211 Cerebratulus ingens 125 roseus 125 Cerite 333 Ceritbiopsis costulatus 375 Ceronia arctata 128, 408 Cerorhina sucklny 1 214 Cerorbinca 228 Certbia 243 albi froDS 229 familiaris mexioana 1 69, 228 rufa 169 palustris 224 Certbiidai 239 Certbiola 243 babamensis 176, 231 Cerussite 333 Cervantite 333 Cerylo 243 alcyon 190 americana cabanipd 190, 233 Cetorbinus maximus 52,458 Cbabasite 333 Cbacbalaca 195 Cbsenobryttus 4'J& gulosus 97, 498, 515 viiidis 20,97,498 Cbaiuopsetta dentata 79 oblonga 79, 472 ocellaris 79 Cba;todontida; 88 Cbaitura 243 pelagica 188 vausii 188 Cbalcantbite 333 Chalcedony 334 Chalcocite 333 Cbalcodite 333 Cbalcopyrite 333 Challenger, H. M. S 409 Cbalybura buffoni 311 cffiruleiventiis 311 548 INDEX. Page. Chalybura isauras 311 melanorrhoa 311 Chama?a 243 fasciata 1G8 Cham.ieida} 239 Chamajpelia 243 passerina 195, 233 var. pallescens 214, 235 Cbaparral cock 190 Charadriidas 2S9 Charadrius 243 curonicus 10 dominicus 9, 198 fulvus 9,198,221,230 fluviatilis 10 fulvus 9,221 intermedius 10 minor 10 montanus 227 philippinus 10 pluvialis 198, 221, 229 virginicus 256, 257 vocifems 227 wilsonins 227 zonatus 10 Chase, Capt. Joslah 53-2 Chasmistes 461, 4G3 liorus 462, 463 Chaulelasmus 243 streperus 203 Chauliodontldae 483 Chauliodus setinotus 483 sloanii 483 Chaunax 470 pictus 470 Chat, long-tailed 173 stono 167 yellow-breasted 173 Cheluia 122 terebrans 117, 121, 122 Chemnitzia nivea 379 Chen 227, 243 caemlescens 202 hyperboreus 202 albatus 202 rossii 203, 222 Chenalopex jegyptiaca 238 Cheonda 460 Chesterlite 334 Chewink 181 Chiastolite 3:J3 Chickadee, black-capped 168 Califomian 169 Carolina 168 chestnut-backed 169 Hudsonian 109 long-tailed 168 Mexican 168 mountain 168 Oregon 168 Siberian 168 Chicken, Mother Carey's 210 Chilichthys turgidus 76 Chilomycterus geometricus 18, 75 Chim.Tjra CoUiaii 457 Page. Chima;ra plunibea 114 Chiina^ridaj 114 Chiridie 248,250 Chiridiitea cceca 121 Chiroid iish, now, from Monterey Bay 248 Chironomus 117 Chirostoma 29 californiense 29 menidium 103 notata 103 sp 22 Chirus, a new Califomian species of 53 balias 455 constellatus 53, 54, 57, 455 guttams 53, 55, C7, ''55 maciiloseriiitus, new species . . 55, 57, 455 pictus 53.54,455 remarks on the Califomian species of 53 trigrammus 455 Chiton 265 Chlorastrolite 333 Chlorite 333 Chloritoidito 333 Chloroscoinbrus chrysurus . .^ 18, 22 Chlorostilbon angustipennis 320 atala 320 caniveti 320 haberlini 320 insularis 320 pucherani 320 splendidus 320 ChcBrojulis radiatus 86 Chondestes 243 grammica 178 strigata 179 strigatus 217 strigatns 217 Chondrodite 333 Chondrus 139 Chordeiles 243 acutipennis 6 texensis 5, 188, 233 popetue 6, 188 henryi 188 minor. 188,219,231 texensis 5 virginianus 6 Chriomitra 450 concolor 456 chriopo 506 Chroicocephalus cucullatus 214 minutus 214,238 Chromis punctipinnis 455 Chromite 333 Chrysoberyl 333 Chrysolampis moschitus 316 Chrysolite 333 Chrysomitris 243 barbata 213 magellanica 104 mexicana var. arizonae 210 notata 164,177,231 pinus 177 stanleyi 213,236 yarrelli .213, 236 INDEX. 549 Chrysopraso 334 Chrysotilite 334 Chrysotis 255 bouqueti 255 cyanopis 255 now Dominican parrot of the ffenns 254 nichollsi, new species 254, 255, 25G Chrjsuronia tenone 316 chrysura 310 elici;c 310 hiimboldti 310 Josephina) 310 'Chub" 330 Cliuck-wiirs-widow 188 Cicero 255 Ciceronia 228,244 pusilla 211 Ciccru 255 Cicblidaj 88 Cichloidcs. 224 Ciconiida5 239 Cinclidai 239 Cinclus 224,244 niosicanus 167 Cingula aculcus 377 carinata 400 harpa 404,400 Jan-Mayeni 375,404,400 turgida 375, 404, 400 Cinnabarite 333 Circe 15 latirostris 15, 219 Circus 244 cyaneus 230 hudsonius 193, 230 Cirolana polita 430, 451 Cirratiilus grandis 123 Cirripcdia 122 Cisteaides Gouldii 124 Cistothorus 244 palustris var. paludicola 215 stellaria 170 Citliarichthys 340 arctifrons. . .337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 473 sordidus 28, 453 spilopterus 79 unicornis, u. 8p.337, 338, 342, 343, 472 Citharus platessoidea 471 Clangula 227, 244 albeola 204 glaucium amcricana 204 islandica ,. 204 Clarke, A. Howard 533,534 Clark, S.F 356 Cleodora acicula 393 balantium 303 lanceolat'a 392 pyramidata 392 virgula 393 Clidiopbora trilincata 397, 408 CI inocbloiite 333 Clinostomus 460, 461 Clintonito 333 Clione pa])ilionacea 391 Clio pyramidata 392, 404, 407 Page. CliteUio irrorata 124 Clupea 503 chrysochloris 502, 515 harengus 109 mirabilis 30, 4 7 sagax 30, 457 Clupeidre 30,108,503 Clymenella torquata 124 Clytia Johnston! -•.... 132 Clytolaenia aurescens 312 rubinea 312 Cobaltite 333 Coccolito 334 Coccyzus 244 americanus 190 erythrophthalmus 190 seniculus 190, 231 Cochlodesnia Leanum 128 Cock, sage 1 90 Codoma 506 stigmatura 500 Colaptes 244 auratus 7, 105,190 hybridus 190 mexicanus 7,190 chrysoides 190 mexicanus 7, 165 rufipileus 219 nifipilens 190, 219, 229 Collett, Robert 247 Collodes depressus 414, 451 trispinosus 415 CoUiirio elegans 280 ludovicianus, var. robustus 210 Collyrio chemiingensis 234 elegans 21.! Colorado, new invertebrate fossils from 157 Columba 344 cristata 220 erythiina 9, 195, 233 fasciata 195 "flavirostris" 9 leucocephala 195, 231 rufaxilla 230 solitarius Columbella 136 lunata 126 Columbia Hiver sardines (Thaleichthys pa- cificus) 08 Colunibidffi 239 Columbite 333 Columnar hematite 333 ColymbidfB 240 Colymbus 244 adamsi 210, 233 arcticus 210 comutus 228 minor 228 pacilicus 211 septeutrionalis 211 torcjuatus 310 troille 238 Compact hematite 333 Conchifera 157 Condor, Californian 195 550 INDEX. Page. Conger occanica 112 Congridae 112 Cougrogadid.ne 26G Congrogadus 2C0 (Conidae) 381 Contopus 244 borealis 186 pertinax 186,218 richardsonii . 186 virens 186 Conurus 244 carolinensis 190 holochlorus 164 brevipes 190, 219, 229 var. brevipes 219 xanthogenius 238 Cooke, Mr. C 396,524 Coot, American 202 Copeland, Prof. H. E 22 C:ope, Prof. E. D 20, 4J9, 461, 492, 501, 524, 525, 526, 528, 529 Copiapite 333 Copper 333 Copperasito 333 Coquimbite 333 Corallina 27,139 CoregonidflB 105 Coregonus Williamsoni 460 Cormorant, Baird's 206 Br.andt's 206 common 205 double-crested 205 Florida 205 Mexican 205 Pallas's 206 red-faced 206 violet-green 206 white-crested 205 Cormorants 11 Corophium cylindricam 121 Coraair 145, 146 Corundophyllite 333 Corundum 333 CorvidsB 239 Corvina 28 satuma 28, 456 Corvus 244 cacaloti 214 corax carnivorus 184 cristatus 225 crvptoleucua 184 frugilegus 238 frugivorus 184 caurinus 184 floridanus 184 graculus 11 ossifragus 184 rusticus 4 Corypha?na sueri 91 Coryphajnida! 91 Coryphella 389 Bostoniensis 389 niananensis 389, 409 nobilis, new species 388, 404 salmonacea 388 Page. Coryphella Stimpsoni 388, 104 Cotilo 225,244 riparia 175 Cotingidaj ."U!) Cottidaj .25,85,^.64,460,477,473 Cottoids 4.")9, 4C0 Cottopsis 459,400 aspcr 450 semiscaber 459 Cottunculu.s 460,478 microps 479 torvus 479 Cottus 460,464 seneus 85, 4r.O gi-oenlandicus 85, 460 octodecimspinosns 85, 460 polyacanthocephalus 253, 454, 460 scorpioides 85,460 scorpius 460 scoipius subsp. griinlandicus 85 Cotumiculus 244 benslowi 178 lecontei 178 passerinus 178 perpallidus 178, 217 var. perpallidus 217 Cotumix communis 238 Coues, Dp 1,2,7,12,14 Cowbird 182 bronzed 182 dwarf 182 "Crabier montagne" 257 Cracidae 2:19 Crake, com 202 spotted 201 Crane.little 202 sandhill 202 whooping 2(J2 Crangon vulgaris 120 Cra.spedosoma 526 Crassatella 151 declivis, new species 1 51 Cratena 390 aurantiaca 390 gynmota 390,404 olivacea 390 vercmica;, new species 389, 404 viridis 390 Creagrus 244 furcatus 207 Creeper, bahaman honey 176 black-and-white 171 brown 169 Mexican 169 Cremnobates 147 afBnis 147 a San Diego species of 147 integripinnis, new species 147, 4.")4 monophthalmus 147 Crenella decussata 407 glandula 130,408 Crepidula convexa 127 fomicata 127 plana 127,408 Creseis acicula 303 INDEX 551 Page. Creseis acus 393 clava 393 virgula 393 Crex 244 pratensia 202,230 CribcUina puncturata 131 Crisia oburnea 130, 131 Crithagrabutyracea 233 Crocker, Dr 129 Crossbill, American 170 Mexican II'G wMtc-wingcd 170 Crotophaga 244 ani 190,231 groove-billed 190 rugirostris 213 sulcirostris 190, 219, 233 Crow, common 184 carrion 195 fish 184 Florida 184 northwestern fisb 184 Crucibulum striatum 408 Crustacea 161, 265 dredged by IJnited States Fisli Commission, 1880 413 Cryolite 333 Cryptacantbida3 82 Cryptacanthodes maculatus 82 Cryptodon ferruginosus ? 400, 404, 407 Gouldii 129,408 obesus 40 1 , 403 sarsii 399,404 Cryptomorpbite 333 Crypton gouldii 400 obesus 390, 400 Crystal 334 Crystallogobius eos 455 Cuckoo, black-billed 190 mangrove 190 yellow-billed 190 CuculidfB 239 Cumacea 414, 445, 451, 452 Cumingia tellinoides 129 Cupidonia 244 cupido 196 pallidicincta 190, 221 var. pallidicincta 221 Cnprito 333 Curlew, bristle-thighed 201 Eskimo 201 liudsonian 201 long-billed 201 Curtiss, Mr. A. H 22 Cuthona 389,390 nana 390 Stimpsoni 388 Cyanecula 224,244 suecica 167, 215, 230 Cyanito 333 Cyanocitta 225,244 cristata 184 Stellcri 184 annectens 184, 218 frontalis 184, 218 Pago. Cyanocitta stcUeri macrolopha 184 Cyanophaia cfieruleigularis 319 gdudoti 319 luminosa 320 Cyanura stellcri, var. annectens 218 var. frontalis 218 Cybium 45C macnlatum 89 Cyclopterida; 83 Cyclopterus lurapus 83 Cyclostreraa trochoides 378, 404, 400 Cygnus bewickii 222 fenn 222 musicus 227 passmorei 235 Cylichna 381,382,383 alba 382, 408 Gouldii 383,404 nitidula 381 occulta 382,400 propinqua 382 Cymatogastor 300,304 aggregatus . .28, 300, 303, 304, 327, 450 frenatua 303 rosaceus, a new Embiotocoid fish 303 Cymbulia 393,404,407 Cymocborea 228,244 bomocbroa 210,223 leucorrboa 210 melania 210 Cynantbus forficatus 316 latiroatris 225 lucifer 225 Cyncliramus scboeniclua 230 Cynicoglossus pacificua 453, 531 Cynoscion carolinensis 92 magd.ilenaj 28 nobilis 450 parvipinuis 450 regalis 92 Cyprina Islandica 408 CyprinidcB 110,489,503 Cyprinodon califomiensis 457 variegatus 104 CyprinodontidsB 20,30,104,501 Cypriuoid tislies of San Francisco inrrkc's, note on a paper of T,t. Ayres on the n^rjos of 325 Cypi inus carpio HI dobula 460 Cypselidas 239 Cypseloidea 225,244 niger borealis 188 Cypselus 0,225,244 apus C, 225 cayannensis 6 fumigatus 225 melba 6 saxatilis 6,188 Cyrenr;? holmesii 158 Cyrtoaaria 8ili(iua 407 Cyrtonyx 244 masscna 197.23? 552 INDEX. Page. D. Dacentrus, note on 327 lucens 327 Dacrytlium vitrcuni 407 Dactylopterus volitaus 83 Dafila 244 acuta 203 Ball, W.H 3,370 Dallia pectoralis 104 Damalichthys argyrosomua 43G Tacca 4.jG Damophila amabilis 31D Danburite 333 Daption 244 capensis 209,230 Dareste 281 Darwin, Charles 280. 529 Dasybatidaj 31, 114 Dasybatis centrums 31, 114 dipterurus, new species 31, 457 pastinaca 31 Datholite 333 Dawson, Dr. J.W 3G9 Decapoda 118,414 Decapods of Provincetown 117 Decapterus punctatus 80 "Deep-water fish" 307 De Haan 421 Do Jough 203 DoKay 501 Demiegretta pealiL 214 Dempaey, Capt. William, and crew 362 Dendragapus 9 Dendrocygna 244 autumnalis 203 fulva 203 Dendroeca 244 sestiva 172 audubonii 172 blaetburniaj 172 cterulea 172 caerulescens 172 castanea 172 chrysnparia 172, 210, 232 coronata 172 discolor 173 dominica 172 albilora 172,216 var. albilora 216 graciae 172, 216, 232 kirtlandi 173 maculosa 172 montana 164, 173, 234 nigrescens 172 occidentalis 173 olivacea 216 palmarum 173 hypochrysea 173, 216 pennsylvanica 172 pinus 173 striata 172 townsendi 172 vircns 172 Dendroica carbonata 234 montana 234 Page. Dendronotus arborescons 385, 386 elegans, new species 383, 404 robustus 380,408 Dontalium abyssorum 394, 407 dentalc...' 394 occidcntale 394,404,407 (slender var.) 407 striolatum 394,408 Deweylite 333 Di.icria trispinosa 392, 408 Diallogito 333 Diamond 333 Diaphana 381,382 conuliis 382,404,41)6 debilis 382 gemma 382,404,406 globosa. 382 hyalina 382 nitidula 381,404,406 pellucida 382 pcrtenuis 38.3,404,400 umbilicata 382 Diapterus gula 94 Lcfroyi 94 Diasporite 333 Dyastylia quadrispinosa 451 quadrispinosus 440 Dichromanassa — 220, 244 rufa 10,197 bickhaut, Mr.H.E 101 Diodon hyetris 75 maculatus 453 Diodontidas 18,75 Diomedea 12, 244 brachyura 208 culminata 209,230 exul.ans 214,238 fuliginosa 227 uigripes 208 Dioplites nuecensia 497 Diplectrum f.isciculare 99 Diplesium bicnnioides 100 Discina ^ 47 Ditruma 322,456 argyroaoma 321 atripcs, new species 320, 321, 322, 456 brevipinne 300 furcatum 28, 320, 321, 322, 456 jacksoni 456 lateralo 456 (Phanerodon) furcatum 320 temmincki 322,456 Diver, black-throated 210 Pacific 211 red-throated 211 Dixon 264 Dobula 4G0 Docimastes ensiferus 312 Dolichonyx 244 oryzivorus 182 var. albinucha 235 Dolomite 333 Doraeykite 333 Dominica, new species of Chrysotis from . . . 254 the family Turdidce from IC INDEX. 553 Page. 4 Flounders, description of two Xow England genera of 337 two new species of, from Puget Sound 27G Fluorite 333 Flustrellft hispida 131 Flycatclier, Acadian 180 ash-throated ISO black-crested 1C7 buff-breasted 187 Coues's 180 fork tailed 185 fulvous 187 Giraud's If6 great-crested ISO Hammond's 186 Henshaw's 186 Lawrence's 180 least 186 little 1?6 Mexican great-crested 186 olive-sided 186 rose-throated 187 scissor-tailed 185 small-billed 187 small-headed 174 thick-biUed 187 Traill's 186 vermilion 187 western yellow-bellied 186 Wright's 187 yellow-bellied 186 Fly-fish 145,146 Foraminifera 116, 270, 356, 358 Forbes, Prof. S. A 492, 501, 511 Forster 3 Forsterite 333 Fossils, new invertebrate, from Arkansas, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah 157 Foster. Hon. J. W 140 Fowlerite 3^3 Franklinite 333 Fratercula 12, 228, 244 arctica 211 glacialis 211, 2.'!0 comiculata 211 Fregetta 244 grallaria 210, 230 Frigate mackerel 535 Fringilla americana 4 bicdlor 4 ciniTea 3 mortonii 236 texensis 229 tristis 225 ze'aa 4 Fringillidfe 239 Fuca Straits, new species of Paralepis from 411 Fucus 139,140 Page. Fulica 244 americana 202 martinica 227 Fuligula nigra 237 Fulix 15,244 afBuis 204 coUaris 204 raarila 204 Fulmar, giaut 209 Pacific 209 Kodger's 209 slender billed 209 Fulmarus 11,12,244 glacialis 209 paclflcus 209 rodgersi 209, 223 rodgersii 223 Fundulus 21 parvipinnis 30, 105, 457 pisculentus 104 species 21, 22 Fusus 149,151 canccUatus 364 Tslandicus 370 mamochi, new species 151 propinquus , 370 G. Gadidffi 80,475 Gadolinite 333 Gaduin 263 Gadus auratus 454 blennioides 476 cimbrius 470 macrocephalus 454 morrhua 80, 454, 475 periscopus 454 punctatus • 476 Gadwall 203 Galenite 333 Galeocerdo sp.? 34 tigrinus 52, 458 GaleorlnnidfB 34, 115 Galeorhinus galeus .42, 52, 458 Galeoscoptes 224,244 carolinensis 167 Galeus canis 42 vulgaris 42 Gallinago... 244 media .199, 221, 229 media wilsoni 199 Gallinula 244 chloropus 11 galeata 11,202 Gallinule, Florida 202 purple 202 Galvini.a exigua 391, 404 Gambel 10 Gambusia holbrooki 21 patruelis 21 Gammarus annulatus 12l locusta 120 mucronatjs 121 omatus 120 Gannet 206 INDEX. 557 Page. Gannel, blue-faced 20G booby 200 Gardner, Mr. Frederick, jr 338 Garman, Samuel 486, 510 Garnet 33:! Almandite 333 Grossularite 333 inclusions 334 Melanite 333 Guvarovito 333 Pyropite 333 Spessartite 333 Garrulus buUockii 230 californicus 225 Garrupa 140,291 red 140 spotted 140 (vera) 140 Gai'zetta 244 candidissima 197 Gasteropod, fossil, from Pueblo, Mexico 140 Gasteropoda 125, 159 Gasterosteidas 77 Gasterosteus aculeatua 77 (aeuleatus) serratus 453 microcophalus 453 pungitius 77 subsp. brachj'poda. . . 77 Gastropoda 363,400,408 Gebiaaffinis 117,120 Gehlenite 333 Gelasimus pugilator 118 pugnax 118 Genthite 333 Genyonemus lineatus 450 Geococcyx 244 californiauus 190 Georgia, occurrence of Stricklandinia salteri and davidsoni in 48 Geothlypis 244 aequinoctialis 236 niacgillivrayi 173 Philadelphia 173 trichas 173 velatus 213, 230 Geotrygon 220, 244 martinica 195, 231 sylvatica 226 Gephyrea 124 Gerres plumieri 17, 19 Gerridaj 19,94 Geryon quinquedens 417,451 Getchell, Capt. John Q 435 Geyserite , 333 Gibbons, Dr. W. P 325, 320 Gibbonsia olegans 25, 147,454 Gibbsite 333 Giglioli 12 Gila 4GI grandis 327 microlepidota 320 Gilbert, Charles H . . . .23, 34, 36, 38. 40, 42, 49, 51, 53, 70, 73, 133, 135, 142, 152, 154, 251, 273, 270, 287, 299, 301, 303, 305, 320, 322, 327, 330, 335, 352, 353, 409, 411, 452, 459, 465, 487 Page. Gilbert, Mr. G. K 47 Gill, Dr. Theodore. .50, 03, 138, 140, 247, 287, 297, 302, 325, 332, 353 on J-eurj'nnis and Lyco- dopsis 247 Gillichthy8 mirabilis 25, 455 Gilpatrick, Capt. Bi iggs 535 Girard 08, 297, 325, 496 Giraud, Jacob P 164 Girella nigricans 27, 456 Glauberite 333 Glaucidium 244 ferrugineum 220 gnonia 192 phalffinoides 192, 220, 233 Glaucis senea 308 cervinicauda 308 hirsuta 308 ruckeri 308 Glauconomo leucopis 448 Glockcrito 333 Glyphidodon saxatilis 87 Glyptocephalus 314 cynoglossus 78, 337, 475 zachirus 453, 531 Gmelin 3 Gu;i tcatcher, black-capped 108 blue-gray 1C8 plumbeous 168 Gnathia cerina 450, 451 Goatsucker, parauque 188 Gobiesox roticulatus 265, 454 Gobiida) 25,83 Gobiosoma alepidotum 22 Gobius 348 glaucofrajnum 455 soporator 83 Godvrit, black-tailed 200 Iludsonian 200 marbled .1 200 Pacific 200 Goethite 333 Gold 333 Golden-eye, American 204 Barrow's 204 Golden Plover, American 9 Goldfinch, American 177 Arizona 177 black-headed 177 green-backed 177 Lawrence's 177 Mexican 177 pine 177 Gonatus amoeuus 362, 403 Goniada gi-acilis 123 Goode, G. Brown 17, 20, 337, 467, 532 describes Not acanthus phasganorus 535 Goose, American white-fronted 203 barnacle 203 blue-winged 202 Canada 203 emperor 203 European white-fronted 203 Hutchins's 203 558 INDEX. Pnge. Goose, larger white-cbeeked 203 lesser snow 202 Koss's snow 203 snow 202 white-cheeked 203 Goshawk, American 193 Mexican 194 western 193 Grackle, boat-tailed 183 bronzed li"4 Florida 183 great-tailed 183 Mexican boat-tailed 183 purple 183 Gracula pyrrhocorax 11 Graculus ". 11 bairdii 222 bicristatus 223 Grand Banks, new species of Notacauthus from 535 Graphite 333 Gray 10 Grebe, American eared 210 American red-necked 210 Clark's 210 eared 210 homed 210 St. Domingo 210 thick-billed 210 western '. 210 Greenebaum, Captain 59 Greenockite 333 Green-shank 200 Grosbeak, black-headed 182 blue 182 cardinal 181 evening 1 76 pine 176 rose-breasted 182 Grossularite 333 Ground shark 52 Grouper 291 Grouse, Canada 196 common sharp-tailed 196 dusky 196 Franklin's 196 gray ruffed 196 northern sharp-tailed 196 Oregon ruffed 196 Richardson's 196 ruffed 196 sooty 196 Gruidae 239 Grus 244 americana 202 canadensis 202 fraterculua 202 Guan, Texan 195 G uillemot, black 212 black-throated 211 Brunnich's 212 California 212 common.. 212 Craver's 212 Kittlitz's 211 Page. Guillemot, marbled 211 pigeon 212 short-winged 212 sooty 212 Temminck's 211 thick-billed 212 Xantus's 211 Guiraca 244 caerulea 182 var. eurhyncha 235 Gull, American herfing 207 Bonaparte's 207 Californian 207 Franklin's 207 glaucous 200 glaucous-winged 206 great black-backed 207 Heermann's 207 herring 207 ivory 200 kittiwako 206 laughing 207 mew 207 Pallas's herring 207 ring-billed 207 Ross's 207 Sabine's 207 short-billed 207 Siberian 207 skua 208 swallow-tailed 207 western 207 white-winged 206 Giinther, Dr. Albert 19, 31, 42, 53, 147, 274, 275, 280, 300, 350, 353, 456, 459, 518, 531 Gymnacanthus 400 pistilliger 85 Gymnocitta 225,244 cyanocephala 184 Gymnothorax mordax 30 Gypsirchus papa 237 Gypsum 333 Gyrfalcon, Iceland 192 Labrador 192 McFarlane's 192 white 192 Gyraulus 159,160 H. Hadropterus 491 nigrofasciatus 491 .spillmani, new species 491, 515 Hadrostomus 225,244 aglaisB 187 HaematopodidiB 239 Hiematopus 244 ater 214,237 niger 198 ostralegus 198,221,229 palliatns 198 townsendii 237 Haemylum 96 flaviguttatus 96 xantboptorum 96 Hake, description ofnew, from SouthCarolina 69 INDEX. 559 Pago. Halatractus zonatas 91 Haliseetus 226,244 albiciUa '. 195,229 leucocephalns 194 Haliaetus pelagicTis 213,237 '.vashingtonii 213 Halieutsea 467 senticosa 4C7 stcllata 468 Halicuticbthy 8 467, 468 aculeatus 467 reticulatus 467 Halisarca 270 Halite 333 Halocyptena 227, 244 microsoma 210, 223, 227 Halodrillus littor.alis 124 Haloporphynis viola 81, 476 Halopayche, new generic name 393 globuloaa 303, 404 HaplocMlus melanops 501 Haploidonotus grunniens 94 Haploops setosa 448, 451 Harclda 244 glacialis 204 Harfonl, W. G.W 66,307 Harger, Mr. Oscar 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 355, 391, 398, 520 Harmothoe irabricata 122 Harmotomite 333 Harporbynchus 244 cinereus 167, 214, 228 beudirei 167,214 crissalis 107 curvirostris 167, 232 palmeri 167, 215 var. palmeri .. 215 graysoni 107,215,228 longicauda 213 redivivua 167 lecontei 167 rufus 107, 213 longirostris 167, 232 vetula 213 Hauerite 33j Hausmannite 333 Hauynite 333 Ho-wk, American rougb-legged 194 broad-winged 194 Coopers 193 Cuban sparrow 193 duck 192 fish 193 Gruber's 194 Harlan's 194 Harris's 193 Isabelline sparrow 193 Krider's 194 marsh 193 Mexican black 194 pigeon 192 red-bellied 194 red- shouldered 194 red-tailed 193 sharp-shinned 193 Page. Hawk, sparrow ] 93 Swainson's 194 white-tailed 194 zone-tailed 194 Hawk Owl, American 8 European 8 Hiiyden, Dr 157 Haydenite 333 Hay, O. P., Mississippi fishes described by. 488 Hedeubcrgite 304 Hedymeles melanocei)halu8, var. capitalis . . 235 Heilprin, Angelo 149 Hela 448 Heliactin cornuta 314 Heliangelus clarissao 313 strophianus 313 Helianthea bonapartii 312 lutitiai 312 typica 312 Helinaia 2, 224 Heliodosa jacula 312 jamesoni 312 leadbeateri 312 Heliomaster furcifer 313 Heliopa'dica castaneocauda 219 Hcliornis fulica 2:;7 surinamensis 2^17 Hcllothrix auricnlatus 316 auritus 310 barroti 316 Heliotrope 334 Heliotrypha exortis 313 Helix 160 evanstonensis 100 (Patiila) sepulta, new species 100 Helminthophaga 244 bachmani 171 celata 171 lutescens 171, 215 Tar. lutescens 215 var. obscura 234 chrysoptera 171 lawrencei 171, 215 leucobronchialis 171, 215 luciaj 171,215,232 peregrina 171 pinns 171 ruficapilla 171 var. gutturalis.. 234 var. ocularis . . . 234 Virginia 171 Helmithems 2, 244 vermivorus 171 Helonaea 2, 224, 244 swainsoni 2, 171 Helvinite 333 Hematite 333 columnar 333 compact 333 micaceous 333 ochreous 333 specular 333 tabular 333 Himilepidotus 400 Gibbsi 454 GO INDEX. Page. ncmilepiilotus spinosua 454 .TJ-cmiiiagurus gracilis, now species 42G, 4r)l new genus 422 socialis, new species 423, 420, 427, 428, 451 Hemirliampbus, description of now Califor- nian species of ^ 335 pleii 30, 103 rosa?, now species 335, 457 unifasciatus 20, 22, 30, 335 unknown species 29 Hemistepli.onia Joliannas 313 ludoviciaj 313 rectiroatiis 313 veraguensis 313 Hemitremia 505 bifrenata 505 heterodon 505 maculata, new species 505, 506, 515 vittaia 565 IleniitripteridiB -.. 80 Heniitripterus 460 americanus 86 Henderson, Jobn 534 Henbawk, Cooper's 194 Hen, lesser prairie 190 prairie 190 Hensball, Dr. J. A 17, 18, 20 Hrnsbaw, Mr 3, 4, 15 Hcptrancbias indicas 353 maculatus 353, 354 Hermit Tbrusb, eastern 2 Tbrusbes 1 Herodias 244 alba cgretta 197 egretta var. califomica 214 Heron, black-crowned night 197 common European 197 groat blue 197 white 197 green 197 little blue 197 Louisiana 197 snowy 1 97 white-crowned night 197 wurdemann's 197 Herons 10 Heros 88 Hesperiphona 244 vespertina 170 var. montana 234 Hesperocichla 224, 244 nsBvia 100 Heterodontida3 34 Heterodontus 355 francisci 34, 458 Heterognathus 29 Hetero])oda 391 Heteroscelus 244 incanus 200, 233 Heterostichus lostratus 25, 454 Heteroteuthis tenera 360, 403, 405 Hculaudito 334 Hoxagraramus asper 455 decagrammus 455 Pai c. Hexagrammus nebulosus 455 superciliosus 455 Hexanchus corinus, new 8])ecie8 352, 355, 4.">8 griseua 353 Hickory shad 502 Hierofalco 226, 244 gyrfalco candicans 192 islandus 192, 229 obsoletus 192 sacer .192,220 mexicanns polyagrus 192 sacer obsoletus 220 Hiltz, Daniel 534 Himantopus 244 mexicanus 10, 201 n igricollis 10 Hippocampidas 23 Hippocampus ingens 23, 4.>J Hippoglossina 34 HippoglossinoB 34 Hippoglossoides 34, 154, 155, 156 dentatus 471 elassodon, new species . . 276, 278, 279,280,454 exilis, new species . . .154, 156, 278, 279, 454, 531 Jordani 155, 156, 278, 279, 454 limandoides 471 platessoides 79, 156, 279, 471 Hippoglossus americanus 471 vulgaris 80,454,471 Hippolyte securifrons 437, 451 Hippotboa hyalina 131 HirundinidiB 239 Hirundo 244 bicolor var. vespertina 234 erytbrogastra 175 nielauogaster 225 serripennis 225 tbalassina 225 Histiotouthis 303 Histrionicus , 244 minutus 204 "Hogfish" 491 Holacantbus ciliaris 88 Holconotus Agassizi 450 annlis 456 argenteus 450 rhodotorus 88, 450 Holmes, Mr. "W. H 158 Holocentrum sogo 92 Homarus 431, 4S3 Honibron and Jacquinot 12 Homola barbata 420, 451 spiuifrons 420 Hopladelus olivaris 514 Hornblende 3.33 Hornst(me 334 Hortonolite 334 Howcattl 45 Howell, Mr. E. E 47 Howlito 334 Hummingbird, Allen's 187 Anna's 187 black-chinned 187 INDEX. 561 Page. Hnmmingbird, broad-billed 188 broad-tailed 187 buff-bellied 187 calliope 187 Costa's 187 Heloise's 187 Incifer 187 refulgent 187 Eieffer's 187 ruby-throated 187 rufous 187 Xantus's 188 Humming birds 308 Huro nigricans 497 Huxley 415 Hyalsea inilesa 392 longirostris 392 uncinata 392 Hyale littoralis 120 Hyalinoecia 358 artifex, new species 357, 375 tubicola 357 Hyas coarctatus 414, 451 Hyatt, Professor 125 Hybognathus 503 argyritis 503, 515 Hybopsis 503 amarus 110 egregius 461 tuditanus 503, 504 winchelli 512 xsenocepbalus 504 Hyborhynchns 502 notatus 502, 503, 504, 514, 515 Hydranassa 226, 244 tricolor 10 ludoviciana 197 Hydrargyra majalis 105 Hydrochelidon 244 lariformis surinamensis 208 leucoptera 208, 223, 230 Hydroids 117 Hydroides dianthus 124, 120 Hydromagnesite 334 Hydrotalcite 334 Hylocichla 223,224,244 alicisB 166 fuscescens 166 mustelina 166 unalashkse 166 audubonii 166 pallasi 166 ustulata 166 swainsoni 166 Hylocharis cyanea 319 sapphiria 319 Hylotomus 244 pileatns 189 scapularis 237 Hyodon 501 selenops 5ftl, 515 tergisus 107 Hyodontid eb 107, 501 Hypentelium nigricans 110, 513 Hyp'erprosopon arcuatum 28 Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 36 Page. Hyperprosopon argenteus 321 Hypersthenito 334 Hypbalonedrus, new genus 483 chalybeius, new species. . 483, 484 Hypleurochilus gentilis 25, 147, 454 Hypolia arctoa 236 Hypomesus olictus 68 olidus 43, 68, 258, 457 Hypsicometes, new genus 338, 347 gobioidos, new species 337, 338, 348, 477 Hypsilepis comutus 506 Hypsopsetta guttulata 23, 453 Hypsurus Caryi 456 Hypsypops rubicundus 455 Hysterocarpus traskii 327 I. lache 225,244 doubledayi 319 latirostris 15, 188. 21D 233, 319 Ibacus 429 Ibididae 239 Ibis, glossy 198 scarlet 198 white 198 white-faced glossy 198 wood 197 Ibis thalassinus 214, 235 Icelus 400 Ichthaslurus pnnctatus Ill, 513 Icichthys, new genus 305, 3F8 lockingtoni, new species 305, 455 a new Califomian deep-water fish 303 Icosteidae 307 Icosteus, new genus 63, 305, 3CG, 307, 308 senigmaticus, new species. 63, 300, 307, 455 Ictalurus 513 coerulescens 513 pnnctatus 013, 515 Icteria 244 virens 173 virens longicauda 173 Icteridaj 239 Icterus 244,351 audubonii ,183,233 bullocki 183 cucullatus 183,233 description ofanew "West Indian spe- cies of 351 galbula 183 melanocephalus 236 oberi, new species 351 parisorum 183,233 spurius 183, 214 spurius var. afiSnis 214 vulgaris 183, 231 wagleri 183, 229 Ictinia 244 subcserulea 193 Idocrase 334 Idotea irrorata 121. phosphorea 123 tricuspidata 121 562 INDEX. Page. Idus melanottis Ill llmenite 334 Ilyanassa obtalcta 125 Indian River, Florida, fishes from 18 Indians, Chinook 44 Quillehute 43,45 iBvertebrata, marine, of northeastern coast of America 356 notice of recent addi- tions to 356 descriptions of new genera and species of 356 critical remarks on . . 356 lodyrite 334 lolisma frontalis 312 lolite 334 lonornis 11,227,244 martinica 11,202,231 Iridosmine 334 Iron (meteoric) 334 Isopoda 121,450,451,452 [sopods of Provincetown 117 Isurus .-•• 51 glauciis 51 oxyrhynchus 51, 458 J. Jabiru 197 Jacana, Mexican 201 Jack-fish 145 Jacoby, Dr. L 282 Jaeger, long-tailed 208 pomarine 208 Richardson's 208 Jsera albifrons 121 copiosa 121 Jamesonite 334 Janira alta 450, 451 Jasper 334 Jay, Arizona 185 black-headed 184 blue 184 blue-fronted 184 brown 184 California 1 85 Canada 185 Couch's 185 Florida 184 green 185 long-crested 1 84 Oregon 185 pijuon 184 smoky-fronted 185 Steller's 184 white-headed 185 "Woodhuuse's 184 Jeffersite 334 -ffetfersonito 334 Jeffreys, Mr 381, 383, 392, 394 Johnson, Capt. G. A 417 Johnson 480 Jordan, David S . . 17, 22,53, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 49, 51, 53, 70, 73, 133,135, 142,152,154,264,273, .276,287. 299. 301, a03, 305, 320, 322,325, Page. Jordan, David S.—Continued. 327, 330, 335, 352, 409, 411, 452, 459, 465, 477, 478, 486, 489, 490, 491, 492, 496, 497, 498, 499, 502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 513, 514 Jordanella floridsB 17,20 "Joshua Riggs " taking Auxia 534 Juliamyia feliciana 319 typica 319 Jnlidse 525 Julus 528,529 Junco 165,244 aikeni 179,217 annectens 179, 217 caniceps 179 cinereus 180, 232 dorsalis 179 hyemahs 179 hyemalis var. aikeni 217 insularis 180,217,228 oregonus 179 Kaup, Dr 14 Keating, Mr. A. C 52 Kennel lia glacialis 397, 404, 407 Kermesite 334 Kestril, European 193 Killdeer. 198 Kingbird 185 Cassin's 185 Couch's 185 gray 185 western 185 Kingfisher, belted 190 Texan 190 Kinglet, Cuvier's '168 dusky 168 golden-crowned 168 ruby-crowned 168 western golden-crowned 168 Kite, everglade 193 Mississippi 193 swallow-tailed 193 white-tailed 193 Kittiwake, Pacific 206 red-legged 206 Klais guimoti 317 Klakistokar 45 Knot 199 Kriiyer 445 Kumlien, Mr. Ludwig 46,222 L. Labidesthes 29 Labracidsb 101 Labradorite 334 LabridsB 29,86 Labrosomus muchipinnis 82 Labrus pallidus 20 Lacuna vincta 126 Lsevicardium mortoni 129 Lafresnaya flavicaudata 311 gayi 311 Lagodon rhomboides 19, 22, 95 Lagopus 244 INDEX. 563 Piige. Lagopus albus 196 amerit :aE us 214 leucurus 196 rupestriri 196 Lake trout 460 Lambrus liyponeus 417 Pourtalessii 415, 417 veriillii (new species) 415, 451 Lamellaria 373 latens 372 pellucida 372, 404, 406 per8pi(!ua 372, 373 Lamellibrancliiata 128, 396, 407, 408 LaiiKllidoris muri.3ata 389 Laniinaria 389 Lamua cornubica 355, 458 spallanzani'i 51 Lampornis dominicjus 311 gramir.eus 31 1 mango 213, 236, 311 prevosdi 311 violicauda 213, 236, 310 viridis 311 Lamprola-ma rhami 310 Lampionetta 244 fischeri 204 Lauarliito 334 Langley & Co., Messrs 258,262 Laniidai 239 .Lanius 225, 244 borealis 175 elegans 236 exenbitor 225 lahtora 213,236 ludovicianus 175 excubitorides 175 robustus 175, 216 Lani\ \reo 224, 244 flavifronfj 174 solitariu!) 174 cassini 174 plumbeus 174, 216 Lapis lazuli 334 Lapwing 198 Larco, Mr. A 38,41 Lai'idre 240 Lark, meadow 183 Mexican mea low 183 shoi.-e 185 shore 185 sky 185 western meaiTow 183 white-throated shore 185 Larus 244 affinis 11,207,223,230 argentatus 11, 207 sn ithsonianus 207, 223 atricilla 207 brachyrhyncl us 11, 207 borealis 223 cachinnans 11, 207, 223 califomicus 11, 207 canus •:'07,223 capistratus 238 catarractea 227 Laruichalcopterns 214 delawarensia 11, 207 franklini 207 fuscus 237 glaucescens 206 glaucus 200 heennanni 207 leucopterns 206 marinus 207 minutus 238 occidentalis 11,207 philadelphifB 207 smithsonianas 223 suckleyi 214 Latilidaj 27,92,482 Latriellia elegans .• 4].9, 4 - 1 Laumontite . . ". 334 Lavinia giobosa 326 Lawrence, Mr. George N 13, 15, 16, 220, 3M, 354 Loxia curvirostra americana 176 Lazulite , 334 Leather-side minnow 460 Leda acuminata 401 acuta 401 messanensis 401 pemnla 401, 405 tenuisulcata 401 unca 401, 4C5, 407 Leodice 358 Norvegica 358 polybranchia, new species 358 vivida 358 Leonardo, Vicente 40 Leonhardite 334 Lepas fascicalaris 122 Lepeta 375 Lepetella 375 tubicola 375, 404, 406 Lepidogobius gracilis 455 newberryi 455 Lepidolarynx mesoleucus 313 Lopidolite 334 Lepidonotus squamatus 122 Lepidopsetta 325 bilineata 276, 278, 325, 453 isolepis, new species 278, 325 umbrosa ^ 325 LepidosteidEB 113 Lepidosteus osseus 22, 113 platystoraus 114 Lepiopomtis incisor 498 obscurus 498 pallidua 498 L(ipomi3 498 apiatus 20 auritus 97 fallax 499,515 megalotis 499 obscurus 498, 515 pallidus 20, 97, 498, 499, 515 punctatus 20, 98 Lopralia americana 131 Fallasiana 131 Leptocholia algicola 117, 122 caeca 117 564 INDEX. Page. Leptochelia coeca 122 Leptocottus 460 armatua 25, 455 Leptolimnea 160 Leptorhynchus leuclitenbergi 410 Leptosynapta Girardii 131, 132 roseola 117,131 Lesbia amaryllis 316 gouldi 315 Leucippus chionogaster 318 chlorocercus 318 Leuciscus 326 gibboaus 326 gracilis 326 macrolepidotus 326 microlepidotus 326 pulchellus -• 326 Leucite 334 Leucocbloris albicollis 318 Iienconerpea albolarvatus 226 Leucosticte 244 arctoa 236 arctous 213,236 atrata 177,216 australis 177,216 campestris 234 griseinncba 2, 176 littoralis 216 tephrocotis 2, 177 littoralis 177,216 var. australis 216 Lenresthes, new genus 29 tenuis 29,456 Leurynnis, identity of, with Lycodopsia 247 paucidena 247, 248 iiibinia canalicnlata 119 emarginata 119 Licbtenstein 9 Liebethenite 334 Ligurinus cbloris 238 Lima gibba 402 aubovata 402 Limsea gibba 402 subovata 402, 405, 407 Limanda 473 Beanii 473 ferruginea 78, 472, 473, 474 platessoides 473 Limnaea 160 (Leptolimnea) minuscula, new sp. . . 160 Limnoria lignorum 121, 122 Limopsis borealis 402 cristata? 402, 405, 407 minuta 402, 405, 407 Limonite var 334 Limoaa 244 ffigocephala 200, 222, 230 fedoa 200 haemastica 200 lapponica novae-zealandiae 200, 222, 230 uropygialis 222 Limpkin, the 202 Limulus 127 Polyphemus 118, 1 25 Linaria brunneacena 234 Page. Linaria holbolU 210 homemanni 235 Linens viridis 125 Linnaeite 334 Linnaeus 8,15 Linnarason, Prof. G 47 Linnet, Brewster's 177 Liocardium 129 Liocottus 460 hirundo 455 Liostomia 381 Liostomus obliciuua 93 LiparidsB 478 Liparididae 477 Liparia 477 cyclopua 4.54 pulchellus 454 ranula 477 Liroconite 334 Littorma littorea 124, 126, 376, 409 palliata 126 rudis 126 tenebrosa 126 Littorinella minuta 126, 129 Lobipes 227,244 hyperboreua 201 Lockington, W. N 23, 53, 58, 60, 63, 247, 248, 284, 297, 304, 307, 325 on a new Prionotua 529 Lockington's memoir 50 Logcock 189 Loligo Pealei 125 Lomvia 228, 244 arra 212,223 brunuichi 212 troile 212 californica 212,223 Longspur, chestnut-collared 177 Lapland 177 McCown's 178 Smith's 177 Loon 210 great white-billed 210 Lophidse 470 Lophiidae 75,409 Lophiua 469 aculeatus 467 americanus 75 piscatoriua 75, 4G9 Lophodytea : 244 cucullatua 205 Lophogaster, ap. nov 445,451 typicus 445 Lopholatilus 432,447,481.482 chamaeleonticeps 92, 337, 482 Lophophanes 244 atrocristatus 168, 232 bicolor 168 inornatus 168 wollweberi W8,232 Lophopsetta maculata 79 Lophomis chalybea 315 delattrii 315 helenae 315 magniflcus 315 INDEX. 565 Pago. Lophomis omatua 315 Btiotolophns 315 verxeauxi 315 Lophortyx 245 califomica 197 elegans 237 gambeli 197,233 LoripealoDS 400,404,407 Lota macalosa 81 Lov6n 381,383 Lovenella metnla 375 wliiteaveaii 375, 404, 406 Lowe,Eev.R. T 470 Losia 225,245 atrata 234 canora 225 curvirostra 225 mexicana 170 leu;eoptera 176,234 ludoviciana 225 pityopsittacus 236 pyrrhnla 225 Lucina 158 filosa 408 profunda, new species 158 Luidia elegans 359 Liuiibriconereis 123 Lnmbricus 529 Lumbrinereis fragilis 123 tenuis 123 Lumpeniis anguillaris 454 Lunatia 141,142 gronlandica 401 heros 126 heros var. triseriata 408 heros var. (wide mnb.) 408 levicula, new species 371, 404, 406 nana 371,404,406 Lnnda 228,245 cirrhata 12,211 Luray Cave, Virginia, blind myriapod from. 524 Luscimdae 239 Lutjanus Blackfordii 96 caxis 19,96 Lnxilus 506 analostanus 506 cbickasavensis, new species 506, 515 comutus 110,506,514, 515 Lycodes 247 paciflcus 247, 248, 454 paucidens 454 paxOlus 477 Vahlii 82 Verrillii 337,477 LycodidsB 82,477 Lycodopsis 247 identical with Leurynnis 247 paciflcus 248 paucidens 248 Lyonsia hyalina 128 Lyonsiella abyssicola 396, 397, 404, 407 gemma, new species 390, 404,407 Lyreidus Bairdii 420,451,452 tridentatus 421 LysiopetalidsB 524, 525, 526 Lysiopetalids 525 Lysiopetalum 525, 520 LysiosquiUa annata 446,451,452 spinosa 446 Lythruri 511 Lythrurus 508,509,510,511 atripes 511 diplsemius 509 lirus 509 M. Machajroplax bella 378, 404 obscura 408 varicosa 378 Machetes 227,245 pngnax 200,230 Mackerel, frigate, in "West Indies 533 Great Britain 533 Bermudas 533 on iJ'ew England coast ... 532 Macoma sabulosa 408 Macrocystis 139 Macrorhamphus 245 griseus 199 scolopaceus 199 Macrura 429, 451, 452 Macruridaa 80, 475 Macrurus 535 atlanticus 346 Bairdii 80,337,346,475,476 carminatus 337, 338, 346, 475 coelorhynchus 346 Fabricii 80,475 rupestris 475 Mactra holmesii 158 solidissima 128 Madsen, Peter 461, 463 and sons 459 Magncsite 334 Magnetite 334 inclusions 334 Magnolite . .. 334 Magpie, black-biUed 184 European 4 yeUow-billed 184 Malachite 334 Malacolite 334 Mallard 203 MaUotus villosus 43, 105 MaltheidsB 467 Mancalias uranoscopus 469 Man-eater shark 52 Manganite 334 Mangelia 368 Manta americana 457 birostris 457 Marcasite 334 Marchard 264 Mareca 245 americana 203 penelope 203,231 Margarita argenta ta 383 lamcllosa 378, 404. 406 new species 37d olivacea 383 566 INDEX. Page. Margarita regalis 378,404,406 sp 404 Margarite 334 Margarops 16,17 dominicensis, now apecies 16 herminieri 16, 17 Marginella 359 roBcida? 369,403,406 Marnoch, Mr. G. "W 149,151 Marsenina 373 ampla, new species 374, 404 glabra 373,404 niicromphala 373 prodita 373,404 Martin, bee 185 Cuban 175 purple 175 Maynard, Mr 2 McDonald, Col. Marshall 70 Means. 264 Meckelia 125 Meerschaum 334 Megalestris 227,245 skua 208 Megalops thrissoidos 22 Meionite 334 Melaconite 334 Melampus bidentatus 127 lineatus 127 Melanerpes 245 erythrocephalus 189 formicivorus 189 angustifrons.190, 219, 229 var. angustifrons- 219 torqaatus 189 Mebnetta 245 fusca 205,222,230 velvetiaa 205 Melanite 333 Melanocorypha calandra 236 Melanosiderite 334 Melanura limi 104 Meleagridaj 239 Meleagris 245 gallopavo 195, 233 americana 195 Melletes 460 Mellisuga minima 314 Melopelia 245 leucoptera 195, 233 Melospiza 245 cinerea 3,180,217 fasciata 2, 180 fallax 3,180 guttata. 3, 180, 217 heermanni 3,180 ruflna 3,180,217 samuelis 3, 180 gouldii 3,213 insignis 3,217 lincolni 181 palustris 180 ruflna 217 Membranipora pUosa .... 131 Menestho 381 Page. Menestho albula 381 Menticirrus 28 elongatus 28 nobulosus 93 littoralia 93 undulatus 456 Mergellus albellus 237 Mergus 245 albellus 237 merganser americanus 205 serrator 205 Merlin, black 192 European 192 Richardson's 192 Merluciidae 81 , 338, 347 Merlucius 273, 347, 348 description of a genus related to. 337 bilinearis 81, 337, 348, 476 productus 45t vulgaris 348 Meron 145 Merostomata 118 Merrill, Dr 15 Merula . .' 223, 224, 245 confinis 166,214,228 migratoria 166 propinqua 166, 214 nigra 224 Mesolite 334 Mesozoic invertebrate fossils from Arkansas, Colorado, Utah, and Wj-oming 157 Metacinnabarite 334 Metallura tyrianthina 316 Metridium marginatum 132 Mexico, description of a Gasteropod fossil from 140 Micrathene 226, 245 whitneyi 192,220,233 Microchera parvirostris 314 Microdentopus grandimanus 117, 121 minax 121 Microgadus proximus 454 tomcodus 80 Micropalama 245 himantopus 199 Microperca 496,497 proeliaris, new species 496, 514 punctulata 490, 496 Micropogon undulatus 94 Micropterus 497 nigricans 497 nuecensis 19 pallidus 19,22,96,497,515 salraoides 19, 96, 497 Microstomatidse 68 Microstomidae 105, 483 Miers, Mr 446 Milky opal 334 Millerite 334 Milne-Edwards, A 414, 415, 418 Milvulus ^ 245 forficatus 185 tyrannua 185,231 Mimetite 334 Mimus 245 INDEX. 567 Page. Mimus caudatus 213 polyglottus 166,213 Mineral coal var 334 Minerals in National Mnseum of United States in 1879 333 Minnilus 508,509,511 ardens 511 atripes 511 bellus, new species 510, 511, 515 cyanocephalus 511 dilectus 508,515 diplffimius 511 liiTis 511 punctulatus, new species 508, 511, 514 rubripinnis 509, 511, 515 Mississippi, eastern, fishes from 488 Mitchell 20 Mitrephorus pallesccns 218 Mniotilta 245 borealis 213 longirostris 213 varia 171,213 borealia 171,215 Mniotiltidse 239 Mockingbird 166 Modiola modiolus 408 plicatula 130 polita 402,405,407 Moera levis 117, 121 Mola rotunda 453 Molgula manliattensis 130 Mollia hyalina 131 MoUienesia latipinna 22 Mollusca 157 Eocene, new species of, from south- ern United States 149 from outer banks of southern New England 408 list of, previously unknown south of Cape Cod 405, 406, 407 of northeastern coast of America. 356 recently added to southern New England fauna 405 shallow-water, of southern New England 409 testaceous 356 Mollusks of Provlncetown 117 Molothrus 245 aeneus 182, 218, 232 ater 182 obscurus 182, 218, 232 obscnrua 218 Molybdenite 334 Molybdite 334 Moraotidae 239 Momotus 245 cseruleiceps 190, 229 Monacanthus setifer 76 Monolene, new genus 338 sessilicauda, new species 337, 338, 472 Montacuta ferruginosa 400 Montagua 390 gouldii 390 Monterey Bay, a now Sebastichthys from . . 70 Scorpaenoid fish from. 327 Page. Monterey Bay, now Agonoid flsh from 152 Chiroid fish, from 248 two new species of Sebas- tichthys from 142 Monterey, description of anewEmbiotocoid from 299 notes on a species of Abcona from 299 new species of Ray from 133 Xiphister and Apodichthys from 135 Moonstone 334 Morone americana 101 Morrison, Charles F 257 MotacUla 224,245 alba 170,215,224,229 llava 224 suecica 224 tigrina 224 troglodytes 224 MotacillidiB 239 Motmot, blue-capped 190 Mountain herring 460 Moxostoma 512 claviformis 513 macrolepidotum 515 var. duquesnii 512 poecilurum 512,514 Mugil 20 albula 20, 102 brasiliensis 20, 102 cephalotus 102 Mugilidas 20,29,102 Mugil lineatus 20,102 mexicanus 29, 457 plumieri 20 Miiller 9,10 MunidaBaraffia 428,429 caribaea? 428,451 tenuimana ... 428, 429 Munnopsis typica 450, 451 Mursena mordax 457 sanctae-helenaa 1 13 Muraenidae 30, 113 Muraenoides gunnellus 82 tetus 265,454 mucronatus 82 ornatus 454 Murray, Mr 469 Muscicapa bellii 216, 220 brasieri 216,229 Carolinensis 224 derhami 229 fulvifrons 218,229 guttata 1 minuta 234 olivacea 224 rubrifrons 216, 224 texensis 218,229 Muscovite 334 Mustelus califomicus 34 canis 34, 52, 115 hinnulus 34, 52, 458 vulgaris 52 Mya arenaria 128 Mycteria 226,245 568 INDEX. Page. Mycteriaamericana .....197,221,226,233 Myctophum 275, 483 crenulaie, new species 274, 275. 457 procellarum 457 Myiadestes 245 genibarbis 256 townsendi 167 Myiarchus 245 ciiierascens 13, 14, 186 cooperi 13, 14 crinitus 14, 186 erythrocercus 14 erythrocercus 13, 15 var. cooperi 14 lawrencei 186,229 mexicanus 13, 186 oberi 13, 15 stolidus 14 yucatanensis 13 Mjaodinastes 225, 245 luteiventris 186, 218 Myiodioctes 224 bonapartei 2 13 minutus 234 pusUlas var. pileolata 216 Myiozeta 225 Myiozetetes 225,245 texensis 186,218,229 MyliobatidsB 31 Myliobatis califomicus 31, 457 Myloleiicus 507 Myriapod, blind form of, from Virginia .... 524 Myriapods, list of North American 524 of the family Lysiopetalidae .... 524 Myrichthy8 tigrinus 457 Myriolepis (chiridas) 248 new genu3 248 zonifer, now species 243, 455 a new Califomian chiroid fish 248 Myrtis fanny 315 Mysis arctica 445 stenolepis 120 Mytilua edulis 130 Myxine glutinosa 116, 337, 486 Myxinidaj 116, 486 Myxostoma macrolcpidota 110 macrolepidotum subsp. du- quesnii 512 Myzopsetta ferruginea 472 rostrata 472 N. Nanostoma 492, 493 elegans, new species 493, 515 zonalo 492, 515 Nassa 125 nigrolabra, new species 371, 404, 406 Natica clausa 408 pedemalis 142 prai-grandia 142 Naticidae 141 National Museum, Mississippi fishes in 489 Natrolite 334 Nautichthys 460 Page. Nautichtliys oculofasciatas 455 Neaera 397 arctica 397,398,404,407 glacialis 397, 398, 404, 407 jugosa 398,404,407 multicostata, new species 398, 404. 407 obesa 398,404,407 peUncida 398 rostrata 398, 404, 407 Neah Bay, two new species of fishes from . . 264 Ascelichthys rhodorus from 264 ScytaUna cerdale from 204 Nectris amaurosonia 223 tenuirostris 223 Needle-fish 459 Nelson, Mr.E.W 3,222 Nemertes 125 Nemertina 124 Nemichthyidss 484 Nemichthys 409 avocetta, new species 409, 410, 457 from Puget Sound... 409 scolopaceus 410, 484 Neoclinus Blanchardi 454 satiricus 454 Neocorys 245 spraguei 171 Neohela, new generic name 44S monstrosa 448, 449, 450 pha-sma, new species 448, 451 Neoliparis mucosus 454 Nephelito 334 Ncphrops 431,433 norvegicus 433 Nephropsis 432 aculeata 451, 452 aculeatus, new species 431 stewarti 431, 432 Nephthys ciliata 123 Neptunea arata 370, 406 cselata 406 decemcostata 406 glabra 370 propinqua 370, 404, 406 pygmsea 370 (aipho) arata, new species 370, 4 04 cselata, new species 369, 403 propinqua 370 stimpsoni 370, 408 Nereis limbata 123 virens 123 Nesbitt, George F 164 Nettion 245 carolinensis 204 crecca 204,230 Neverita duplicata 126, 408 New England, Crustacea dredged off south coast of 413 deep-water fishes from 467 frigate mackerel from 532 moUusca recently added to the fauna 405 southern, now deep-water fishes from 337 INDEX. 569 Page. Newfoundland, new spscies of JTotacanthus from Grand Banks of 535 New Mexico a new crstaceonsPinnafrom. 47 Newton, Prot'e- sor 2, 7 Nicolea simplex 124 Nicholls, Dr. H. A. Alford 255, 556 Nighthawk 188 Cuban 188 Texan 188 western 188 Nitre 334 Nocomis winchelli 512 Nomonyx, new genus 15, 227, 245 dominicus 205, 231 Nonpareil 182 Noraculite 334 North America, birds of 164 North Carolina, occurrence of Phycis re- gius in 69 Notacanthus 535 phasganorus, new species 535 Notemigonus 512 americanus Ill chrysoleucus 507, 510, 512, 514, 515 Nothonotus 493 Nothria 358 conchylega 358 Notomastus filiformis 124 luridus 123 Notorhynchus borealis 353 maculatns 353, 458 Notropls 509 atherinoides 508 lirus 509 matutinus 509 Noturus 514 exilis 112 gyrinus 112,514,515 insignis 112 leptacanthus ? 514, 515 niarginatus 112 Nucula delphiuodonta 407 proxima 408 Nudibranchs of Provincetown 117 Numenius 245 borealis 201 femoralis 10,222 hudsonicus 201 longirostris 201 phaeopus 201, 222, 230 tahitiensis 10, 201, 222, 230 Nutcracker, Clark's 184 Maximilian's 184 Nuthatch, brown-headed 169 pigmy 169 red-bellied 169 slender-billed 169 white-bellied 169 Nyctale 245 acadica 191 albifrons 213 tengmalmi richardsoni 191 Nyctea 245 scandiaca 192 Nyctherodius 245 Page. Nyctherodius violacens 197 Nyctiardea 245 griaea nievia 197 Yiolacea 257 Nyctidromus 5, 245 albicollis .. 5,15,188,233 O. Obelia 389,391 ditchotoma 132 geniculata 132,389 Ober, Mr 16,17,255,256 Obsidian 334 Oceanites .227,245 oceanica 210 Oceanodroma 228,245 furcata 210 hombyi 210 Ochthodromus 227,245 wilsonius 199 Octopus Bairdii 362, 405 Odontaspididae 115 Odontopyxis trispinosus 531 Odostomia 377 bisuturalis 127 dealbata 127 (Menestho) sulcata, new species .380, 404 modesta 380 striatula 380 sulcata 406 triflda 127 unidentata 380, 404, 406 CEdemia 245 americana 205 nigra 237 (Estrelata. 227,245 bulweri 209, 230 haesitata 209, 230 Oidemia bimaculata 214 Oil-shark 42 of southern California 42 "Oiseau marine" 256 Old Squaw 204 Oligocottus 264,265,460 analis 25, 147, 455 globiceps 265,455 macolosns 139, 265, 455 Oligoclase 334 Oligoplites 18 occidentalis 18 Olivenite 334 Olor 227,245 americanus 202 buccinator 202 cygnus '. 202,222,230 minor 202,222,230 Ommastrephes illecebrosa 125, 408 sagittatus 125 Onchidorissp 127 Oncocottus 460 Oncorhynchus gorbnscha 457 Kennerlyi 457 keta 457 kisutch 457 nerka 457 570 INDEX. Page. Oncorliyncbus quinnat 106 tshawytcha 457 Onos cirabrius 476 (Rhinonemus) cimbrius 81 Onychotes 226,245 gruberi 194, 221, 226 Onyx 334 Oonalaska bunting 3 Opal 334 Opbichtbys triserialis 457 Ophidium atropurpureum 454 Taylori 454 Ophiocnida olivacea 359 Ophiodon elongatiia 455 Opbioglypha sarsii 359 Ophioscolex glacialis 359 Opbite 334 Ophiuran 132 Opisthonema tbrissa 108 Oporomis 245 agilis 173 fonnosa 173 OpsopcEodus, new genus of fishes 507 emiliae, new species 507, 515 Orchesella 529 caeca 529 Orchestia agilis 120,376 Orcynus 533 alalonga 273.275,456 paciflcus 273,456 pelamys 89, 94 thynnus 533 Oreopyra calolaema 310 lencaspis 310 Oreortyx 245 picta 196 plumifera 197,221 Oreoscoptes 245 montanus 166 Oreotrocbilus chimborazo 310 estellae 310 leucopleurus 310 picbincha 310 Oriole, Audubon's 183 Baltimore 183 Bullock's 183 hooded 183 orchard 183 Scott's 183 "Wagler's 183 Omismya costse 225 heloisae 225 Omithion 225,245 imberbe 187, 218 incanescens 218 inerme 225 Grpiment 334 Ortalida 226 Ortalis 226,245 vetula 9 maccalli 9, 195, 233 Orthoclase 334 Orthodon niicrolepidotus 326 Orthopristis fulvomacnlatum 22 Page. Orthorynchus amazili 225 emignans'. 316 Ortygometra porzaua 222 Ortyx 245 elegans 237 plumifera 221 virginiana 196 floridana 190,221 texana 196 virginianus var. floridanus 221 Osmerus attenuatus 66, 68, 457 elongatus 66, 68 mordax 105 paciflcus 45, 105,258 pretiosus 68 tbaleicbthys 68, 457 Osprey, American 193 Ossifraga 227,245 gigantea 11, 209, 230 Oswald, Dr. Felix L 221 Otolithus californiensis 456 magdalenae 456 Ouvarovite 333 Ouzel, American water 167 Owl 257 American bam 190 hawk 192 long-eared 191 arctic horned 191 barred 191 burrowing 192 California pigmy 192 dusky homed 191 European hawk 192 ferrugineous pigmy 192 flammulated screech 191 Florida barred 191 burrowing 192 screech 191 great gray 191 grey 8 homed 191 Lapland 191 little screech •. 191 Mexican screech 191 northwestern screech 191 Richardson's 191 Rocky Mountain screech 191 saw-whet 191 short-eared 191 snowy 192 spotted 191 Texan screech 191 western homed 191 "Whitney's pigmy 192 Oxinoe glabra 373 Oxyechus 227,245 vociferus 198 Oxyjulis modestus 87 Oxylebius pictua 455 Oxypogon guerini 316 Oxytonia 157 erecta 157 Oyste^catcler, American 198 I INDEX. 571 Pago. Oystercatcher, black 198 European 198 Ozocerite 334 Pachyrhamphus 225, 245 major 187 Pachyrhynchus cuvieri 225 Pacific coast of United States, ji new Noti- d a n o 1 d shark from 352 fishes of 452 Packard, Dr. A. S 281, 356, 364, 396, 524, 525 Pagellus calamus 286 PagophUa 245 brachytarsi 214 eburnea 206 Pagrus argenteus 95 Paguridse 258 Paguroids 423 Patemouetes vulgaris 120 Palinnrichthys perciformis 91 Palinurus interruptus 52 Pallene empusa 117, 113 Pandalus 438,443 annulicornis 441 borealis 437, 440, 443 leptocerus, new species. .437, 440, 441, 451 Montagui 437, 438, 440, 441, 442, 443 (annulicornis) 437 propinquus 437, 438, 440, 451 tenuipes, new species 441, 443, 451 Pandion 245 haliaetus carolinensis 193 Pandora glacialis 397 trilineata 397 panoi>eus depressus 119 Sayi 119 Panoplites flavescens 312 Jardini 311 Matthewsi 312 Panterpo insignis 317 Panychlora poortmani 320 stenura 320 Panyptila 6 cayennensis 6 Paralabrax clathrata 101 clathratus 27 maculofasciatus 27 Parakeet, Carolina 190 SOCOITO 190 Paralepis 411 borealis 411 coruscans, new species 411, 457 new species of, from Straits of Fuca 411 presented by Mr. Brown 412 Paralichthy3 34 maculosus 23, 35, 51, 454 oblongus 472 Parapagurus pUosimanus 428, 451 Parasira catenulata 409 Paratanais algicola 122 Paratractus pisquetus 89 Parephippus faber 456 Page. Parephippus qnadratus 101 ParidBB 239 Parophrys 277, 278 ischyurus, new species. .276, 278, 280, 453 iaolepis 453 Tctulus 276, 277, 278, 453 Parra 227,245 gymnostoma 201, 222 jacana 227 Parridas 239 Parrot, Carolina 256 green 250 new species of, from Dominica 254 of the genus Chry- Botis 254 Partridge, spruce 196 Parula 245 americana 171 insularis 215 nigrUora 232 nigrilora 216 pitiayumi insularis 171, 215, 216, 228 nigrilora 171 Parus 245 albescens 213 atricapillus 168 occidentalis 168 septentrionalis 168 carolinensis 168 cinctus 13, 168, 215, 230 hudsonicus 169 leucotis 229 merid ionalis 168, 228 montanus 168 rufescens 169 neglectus 169, 215 ^ neglectus 215 sibiricus 13,215 Passer domesticus 214, 238 montanus 238 Passerculus 245 anthinus 2, 178 caboti 235 guttatus 2,178,217,228 princeps 178,217 rostratus 2, 178 sandwichensis 2, 178 alaudinus 178 savanna 178 Passerella 3,245 iliaca 3,181 megarhyncha 3,181 schistacea 3, 181 unlaschcensis 3 unalashkensis 181 obscura 235 townsendi 3 Passerlna 225, 245 amoena 182 ciris 182 cyanea 182 parellina 182 versicolor 1 82, 232 Patagona gigas 312 Patella 265 572 INDEX. Page. Patula 160 Peale.Dr.A.C 10,159 Pecchiolia abyssicola 396 Pecten 127,403 feneatratus 403,405,407 ground 472 Hoskynsi var. pus£ulosus 405, 407 inequisculptus 403, 407 Islaudicus 407 irradians 124,130 (near opercularis) 407 opercularis 403 sp. near opercularis 405 tenuicostatus 408 vitreus 358,405,407 vitreus var. abyssorum 407 Pectinibranchiata 141 Pectolite 334 PedicEcetes 9,245 columbianus 221 kenaicotti • 235 pbasianellus 196 columbianus 196,221 Pelamys 533 lineolata 456 Pelecanidse 240 Peieoanus 245 carbo 227 erytbrorhynchus 11, 205 fuscus 205 occipitalis 235 trachyrbynchus 11 Pelican, American wliite 205 brown 205 frigate 205 Pelidna 227,245 alpina 200,222,230 americana 200 subarquata 200,230 Pelionetta 245 perspicillata 205 trowbridgii 214 Pelodicbtbys olivaris 514 Penjeus politns, new species 444, 451 Peprilus alcpidotus 92 Gardenii 92 Perca americana 100 fluviatilis 100 Percidae 27,100 Percina 491 caprodes 100, 491, 515 Percopsidae 105 Percopsis guttatus 105 Perdicidae 239 Peridot 334 Pariploma papyracea 408 Perisoreus 245 canadensis 4, 185 capitalis 4, 185, 218 fumifrons . . . '. 5, 185, 218 vap. capitalis 218 var. obscurus 218 capitalis 4 obscurus 4,185,218 Perisaoglossa 224, 245 Page. Perissoglossa carbonata 164, 172, 234 tigrina 172 Peristedium miniatum, new species 337, 338, 349, 480 Peristethus brevirostre 349, 350 Perroquet 256 Pesce Pretre 145 vermiglia 146 Petasphora anais 311 cyanotis 311 delphinsB 311 serrirostris 311 tbalassina 311 Petrel, asby 210 black 210 black-capped 209 bulwer's 209 fork-tailed 210 fulmar 209 bomby 's 210 Leach's 210 least 210 pintado 209 stormy 210 white-bellied 210 Wilson's 210 Petrochelidon 225,245 lunifrons 175 swainsoni 225 Petzite 334 Peucaea 245 aestivalis 3, 1?0 illinoensis .180,217 var. arizonsB 217 arizonae 3,180,217,232 carpalis 180,217 cassini 180 illinoensis 217 ruflceps 180 boucardi 180,217,232 Pencedramus 224, 245 olivaceus 172,216,232 Pewee 186 black 186 say's 186 western wood 186 wood 180 Phsebetria fuliginosa 12 Phicolaema rubinoides 312 Phseoptila sordida 309 Phsethon sethereua- 229 Phaethon 245 aethereus 206,223,229 fiavirostris 206 PhaethontidsB 240 Phsethomis adolphi 309 augusti 309 anthophilus 309 cassini 309 emiliae • 309 eurynome 309 griseigularis 309 hispidus 309 longirostris 309 longuemareus 309 INDEX. 573 Page. Phaethomis moorei 309 pretrii 309 squalidas 309 8triigulari8 309 superciliosus 309 syrmatopliorus 309 yaruqui 309 Phainopepla nitens 167, 232 PhalacrocoracidcB 240 Phalacrocorax 11,227,244 africanus 237 bicristatus 206,223 carbo 205 dilophus 11,205 cincinnatas 11, 205 floridanas 205 floridanns 11 graciilus 237 mexicanns 205 penicillatus 206 perspicillatus 206 pygmaens 237 violaceus 206 resplendens 20G, 222 Phalaenoptilus 5,226,245 nuttalli 5,188 Phalarope, northern 201 red 201 Wilson's 201 PhalaropodidSB 239 Phalaropus 245 fulicarius 201 "wilsoni 227 Phaleris 245 microceros 214, 228 psittacnla 211 tetraeula 214 Phanerodon 322,456 argyrosomu3 321 Phaninopepla 245 Pharmacosiderite 334 Phascolosoma Gouldil 124 Phasianus colutnbianus 221 PMlacte 227,245 canagica 203 Philine 384 amabilis 383, 404, 406 cingulata 384, 404, 406 Finmarchica 384,404,400 fragilis 384,404 qnadrata 408 Philohela 245 minor 199 Philonexis 382 Phlogopite 334 Phoebe bird 186 Phoebetria 227,245 fuliginosa 209,230 PhoenicopteridsB 240 Phoenicoplems 245 ruber 202,231 Phonipara 225,245 zena 4,182,218,231 Photogenis stigmatums 506 Phoxichilidium maxillare 118 Page. Phycis 69,70 chesteri 69, 337, 476 chuss 69,80,337,475 DeKayi 69 Earllii, new species 69 punctatus 476 regalis 476 regius 69,70,81,337,476 in North Carolina 69 rostratus 69 tenuis 69,81 Phyllodoce catenula 123 Phyllopneuste kennicotti 215 Phylloacopus 224,245 boreal is 168,215,239 Phyllosoma 429 Phyaemaria 270 Pica 245 bullockii 236 nuttaUi 184 rustica hudsonica 4, 184 Picicorvus 245 columbianus 184 PicidsB 239 Pickeringite 334 Picoides 245 arcticus 189 tridactylns americanns 6, 189 dorsalis 7,189 Picrophyllite 334 Picus 245 cuvieri 235 imperialis 236 lineatus 237 leucomelas 219 lucasanns 219 nuttalli 189 pubescens 188 gairdneri 188 querulus 189 scalaris 189,233 lucasanus 189,210,229 stricklandi 189,219,233 turati 235 viUosus 188 harrisi 6,188 leucomelas 188,219 Pigeon, band-tailed 195 cape 209 passenger 195 red-billed 195 white-crowned 195 "Pike" 327 Pilodictis 514 olivaris 514, 515 PimelepteridsB 94 Pimelepterus Boscii 94 Pimelodus ailurus 513 olivaceus 513 vulgaris 513 Pimelometopon pulcher 29, 455 Pinicola 245 enucleator 176,234 Pinin, description of a new cretaceous, from New Mexico 47 574 INDEX. Page. Pinna legericnsis 48 stevensoni, new species 47 Pinnixa chastopterana 117, 119 Pintail •-- 203 Pipilo 245 aberti 181,232 - albigala 218 alleni 217 carmani 217 chlorurus 181 erythrophthalmus 181, 217 alleni 181 fuscus 4 albigula... 181,218,2Pe crissalia 181 mesoleucus 4, 181 maculatus arcticus 181 carmani 181,217,228 consobrinus 181, 217, 228 megalonyx 181 oregonus 181 mesoleucua 4 Pipra galericulata 229 Pitangus 225,245 derbianns 1 85, 218 Mexican 185 Pitcbblende 334 Pitcher, Mr 34 Pitticite 334 Plain bonito of Great Britain 533 Planesticus 224 Plaiiocora dLi>tica 117,125 Planorbis 159 sequalis, new species 159 cirratns 160 (Gyraulus) militaris, new species. 159 Platalea ajaja 226 rosea 226 Plataleidaj 239 Platea mesicana 10 Platessa bilineata 325 dentata 471 ferrnginea 472 oblonga 472 quadrocellata 472 quadrocularis 472 rostrata 472 Platichtbys stellatus 51, 276, 277 umbrosus 325 Platyglossus semicinctus 455 Platygobio 461 Platyonicbus ocellatus 119 Platyrhina 33,53,522,523 exasperata, new species 32, 38, 522 generic relations of . 53 scha?nleini 53 siensif) 38,53 tils 3r ata, new species 36, 53 a new Califomian ray. 36 PlatyrhinaJ 523 Platyrhinoidis 516,522 triseriata 516, 522 Platysomatichtliys 302 hippoglossoides 51, 302 Page. Platysomaticbthys stomias, new species . 51, 301, 302 Plectrophanes 245 maccowni 225 melanomus 213 nivalis 177 Plegadis 226,245 falcineUus 108,231 guarauna 198 Pieuracromylon Isevis 52, 355 Pleurobrancbasa Novse-Zealandiae 385 tarda 384,404,406 Pleurolepis pellacidus 490 Pleuronectes 473 cynoglossus 475 dentatus 471 ferrugineus 472 glaber 78 liippoglossus 47 1 oblonga 472 perarcuatus 453 platessoides. . 471 quadritubercnlatns 50, 453 stellatus 453 Pleuronectidffi 23,78,338,471 Pleuronichthys 50 ccenosus 50, 453 decorrens 453 quadrituberculatus 49, 453 verticalis, new species. ..49, 50, 453 Pleurotoma 149, 363 agassizii 403, 406 cai-penteri 368, 403, 406 impressa 365 pagoda, new species 149 Pandionis 403, 406 platysoma, new species 1 50 (Pleurotomella) agassizii 367 Pandionis, new species 368 venusta, new species 150 Plotidae 240 Plotus 245 anhinga 200 Plover, American golden 198 belted piping 199 black-beUied 198 field 201 golden 198,257 lesser-ringed 10 little-ringed 198 mountain 199 Pacific golden 198 piping 198 ringed 198 semipalmated 198 snowy 199 Wilson's 199 Podasocys 227,245 montana 199 Podiceps 245 cooperi 214 cristatus 214,238 holboUi 210 minor 238 I INDEX. 575 Page. Podiceps occidentalia 228 Podicipitidaj 240 Podilymbus 245 podiceps 210 Podothecus 332 acipenserinus 454 peristethus 332 trlspinosus 454 viilsus 454 PoBcilichthys 494, 495 artesiaj, now species 494, 515 asprigeuis 494 coeruleus 494 saxatilis, new species 495, 515 zonalis 492 Poey 19 Pogonias 483 cromis 93 Pogonlclithys inoequllobns 326 macrolepidotus 326 PolioptQa 245 cserulea 167 melanura 168 plumbea 168 Polistotrema Dotubeyi 458 Pollachius carbonariiis 80 chalcogrammus 454 Polybasite 334 Polyborus 245 cheriway 9,193,233 lutosus 164,193,220,229 tharus 9 Polyccra 386 Polycerella Einertoni, new species 387, 404, 409 new genus 386 Polycirrus exiniius 124 Polydesraus cavicola 529 Pol.ydora ciliatum (?) 123 Polybalite 334 Polymygnite 334 Polyodoa folium 114 Polyodoutidaj 114 Polysticta 245 slelleri 204 Polytmus tbaumantias 318 viridissimus 318 Pomacemrida) 87 Pomatomidae 101 Pomatomus saltatrix 101, 476 Pomatopsctta 471 dentata 471 Pomolobus iBstivalis 108, 109 chrysochloris 502 niediocris 109 pseudoharengus 108 vernalis 108 Pomotis breviceps 499 convexifrons 499 fallax 499 incisor 498 obscurus 498 solis 499 speciosus 498 Pomoxis annularis 500 nigromaculatus 500 Page. Pomoxis nitidus 500 Pomoxys 500 annularis 99,500,515 nigromaculatus ,99, 500, 515 Pontopbilus brevirostris, new species 435, 451 norvegicus 435, 436, 451 spinosus 435, 436 Pocecetes 245 gramineus 178 confinis 178,217 var. confinis 217 Poor-will 1 88 Poospiza bellii, var. nevadensis 217 Popelaria conversi 315 langsdorifi 315 tricolopha 315 Porichthys porosissinius 25, 83, 454 Poromya granulata 396, 404, 407 rotunJata 396, 404, 407 Poronotus triacantbus 91 Porphyrio 11 Porphyrula 11 Portlock 363 Porzana 245 Carolina 202 jamaicensis . , 202 cotumicnlus 202, 222 var. coterniculus 222 maruetta 201, 222, 230 noveboracensis 202 Potamocottus 460 Pourtales 418 Powell, Prof. J. "W 157,158 Samuel 392 Prase 334 Praxilla zonalis 117, 124 Precious opal 334 Prehuite 334 Prentiss, Dr. D.W 238 Priest-fisb 145 Priocella 12,227,245 tenuirostris 12,209,230 Priofinus 12,227,245 melanurus 12, 209, 230 Prionotus 529,531 birostratus 531 caroUnua 84, 529 evolans 84 horrens 531 miles 531 stephanophrys, new species .454, 529, 531 Pristipoma Davidsoni 456 fulvomaculatum 96 Pristipomatida) 19,96 Procellaria 227, 245 cinerea 227 furcata 228 gigantea 227 glacialoides 227 hfesitata 227 leucorrhoa 238 melanura 227 obscura 12 oceanica 227 pelagica 210, 227 576 INDEX. Page. Procellaria tenuirostris 227 ProcellariidsB 240 Productus 46 giganteus 46 occurrence of, in Cali- fornia 46 Progne 245 chalybea 236 leucogastra 236 subis 175 cryptolenca 175 Protonotaria 245 cifrea 171 Provincetown, littoral marine fanna of 116 Psaltriparus 245 melanotis 169,228,232 minimus 169 plumbeus 169 Psettichthys melanostictus 453 Pseudogryphus 226, 245 califomianus 9,195 Pseudojulis modestus 455 Paeudomma roseum 445, 451 Pseudopleuronectes americanns 78 Pseudoraj idtE, new family 516, 523 Pseudorhombus 34 dentalus 79 oblongus 79,472 Pseudoscarns vetula 86 Pseudotremia 524 cavemarum 526 vudii 527 Psilomelanite 334 Psilorhinus 246 morio 184,229 Psittacidae 239 Psyche 393 Psychrolntes 460,478 paradoxus 454 Psychrolutidas 4C0 Ptarmigan, rock 196 white-tailed 196 willow 196 Pteria 157 (oxytoma) erecta, new species 157 salinensis 157 Pterodonta 141 Pterophanes temmincki 312 Pterophryne histrio 75 IjBvigata 75 Pteroplatea hirundo 31 marmorata 31, 457 Pteropoda 391,407,408 Ptilocheirus pinguis 448, 451 Ptilogonatidae 239 Ptycbochilus oregonensis 326, 327 (?vorax) 326,327 Ptychostomus duquesnii 512 Ptycorhamphus 246 aleuticus 211 Puebla, Mexico, large Gasteropod fossil from 140 Puffin, common , 211 hom-biUed 211 homed 211 large-billed 211 Page. Puffin, tufted 211 Puffinus 246 anglorum 209,230 audnboni 12,209 creatopus 209,223,230 fuliginosus 209 gavia 12,209,223,230 griseua 12,209,223,230 kuhlii 209 njajor 209 obscurus 12 opisthomelas 223 tenuirostris 209, 223, 230 Puget Sound, new species of Nemichthys from 409 two new species of flounders from 276 Pumice 334 Puncturella noachina 406 Purpura lapUlus 126 Pycnite 335 Pycnogonida 118 Pyranga 246 JEstiva 176 cooperi 176,216,232 cooperi 216 hepatica 176, 232 ludoviciana 176 rubra 176 Pyrargyrite 334 Pyrite 334 Pyrocephalus 246 rubineus raexicanus 187 Pyrolusite 334 Pyromorphite 334 Pyropito 333 Pyrosclerite 334 Pyroxenite 334 Pyrrhotite 334 Pyrrhula 225,246 cassini 176,210,230 coccinea var. cassini 216 Pyrrhuloxia 246 sinuata 182,232 Pyrrophaena riefferi 219 Q. Quail, American 196 Califomian 197 Florida 195 Gambel's 197 mountain 196 Massena 197 plumed 197 scaled 197 Texan 106 Quartz 334 Querquedula 246 cyanoptera 204 discors 204 Quicksilver 334 QuiUehute Indian mode oftaking surf smelt. 43 Quiscalus 246 seneus 218 macrurus 183,233 t INDEX. 577 Page. Quiscalus m ajor 183, 2 1 8 palustris 1S3,2J8,233 purpurous 183 seneus 184 agl£BUS 183 versicolor jencus 218 K. Raflnesque 460 Raia 36,53,486 binoculata 134, 135, 252, 253, 457 birostria 457 cooperi 134,135,252,253,457 eglanteria 115 erinacea 115 inornata 457 var. inermis 457 IsBvis 486 ocellata 115 radiata 115 radula 133 rhina 251,252,253,457 stellulata, new species. .133, 134, 135, 252, 253, 457 unknown species 337 Raidae , 486 Raiidae 115 Rail, Californian clapper 201 clapper 201 Farallone 202 little black 202 littlejellow 202 Louisiana clapper 201 red-breasted 201 sora 202 Virginian 201 RajidsB... 523 Rallidse 239 Rallus 246 "crepitans" 11 elegans 11,201 var. obsoletus -•- 222 longirostiis 11 crepitans 201 saturatus 201,222 obsoletus 11, 201, 222 virginianua 201 Rasher 146 Eathbun, Richard 116, 355, 379, 414 Raven, American 1S4 whito-necked 184 Ray, description of a new Californian spe- cies of 36,133,251 Realgarite 334 Recurvirostra 246 americana 201 Recnrvirostridae 239 Redbird, summer 176 Redhead 204 "Red horse" (a species of Moxostoma) 512 Redpoll, common 177 greater 177 mealy 177 white-rumped 177 Redstart, American 174 Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 37 Page. Redstart, painted 174 red-bellied 174 Red-taU, Saint Lucas 194 Socorro :. 194 western 194 Redwood, Prof. Theophilus 258, 262, 263 Regulua 246 calendula 168 obscurus 215 cristatns _ 236 cuvieri 164,168,234 obscurus 108,215,228 eatrapa 168, 2U6 olivaceus 168, 215 var. olivaceus 215 Reichenbach 10, 1 1 Reinhardtius 302 Remora jacobaea 456 Rena 148 Retimto 334 Rhabdammina 358 Rhabdoccela 125 Rhacochilus toxotes 456 Rhamphodon naoviua .' 308 Rhamphomicron herrani 316 heteropogon 316 microrhynchum 316 olivaceus 316 stanleyi 316 Rhinichthys cataractae Ill nasutns Ill Rhinobatidae 34,38,516,523 American, synopsis and de- scriptions of 516 Rhinobatns 33, 36, 53, 516, 517, 520 horkelii 510,518,519 lentiginosus 516, 519 leucorhynchus 510, 517 planiccps 516, 517, 519 productas 34,37,458,516,517 spinosus 516, 518 triseriatus 458 undulatus 516, 5 17, 518, 519, 521 Rhinoptera vespertilio 31 Rhinotriacis henlei 355, 458 Rhizopods 358 Rhodonite 334 Ehodostethia 246 rosea 207 Rhomboplites aurorubens 96 Rhyacophilus : '. 246 ochropus 200, 222, 230 solitarius 200 Rhyncobolus dibranchiatis 123 Rhynchofalco 226, 246 fusco-caernlescens 193, 233 Rhynchophanes 225,246 maccowni 178 Rhynchops 246 nigra 206 Rhynchopsidae 240 Rhynchopsitta 240 pachyrhyncha 190, 233 Rhyptlcidae 250 Richardson, Sir John 258 578 INDEX. Pape. Ridgway, Robert 1, 16$, 164, 308 Kiggs, Captain 535 Eingicula iiitida 406 Eipidolite 334 Rissa 246 brevirostris 206 nivea 214 septentrionalis 214 tridaciyla 206 kotzbuei 206 Bissoa 126 (cingula) barpa, new species 374 Jan-Mayeni 375 turgida 375 Koad-ninnor 190 £&biD, American ICS Saint Lucas 166 varied - 166 western 166 Eoccns ctirysops 101 lineatns 101 "Rock cod," a new species of, from Cali- fornia 38 (SebaglieAtftys gerricepe), de» scriptioo of 38 "Rock-fish" 74,145,466 description of a new 8i>ecie»of . 465 Califomian 73 Roncador, new genus 28 stearnsi 450 Rossia 360 snblevis 362,405 Rostrhamus 246 sociabUis plumbeus 193, 231 Rosy quartz 334 Rough-leg, ferrugineous 194 Rufif 200 RutUe 334 Ryder, John A 269,280 on North American Myria- pods 524 S. Sagmatorhina labradoria 214 Sahlite 334 SalmoBairdi 457 callarias 457 canis 45, 457 Clarki 460 Gairdneri 457,460 Henshawi 460 irideus 106^457,460 lagocephalns 457 lycaodon 457 paucidens 457 purpuratus 457,460 proteus 45 salar var. sebago 106 sanguinolentus 457 scouleri 457 spectabilis 457 spilurus 460 trancatias 460 tsuppitch 457 Salmonidae 186,412 Page. Salmon trout 326,327 Salpinctes 246 obsoletTZs 169 qaadalapensis 169, 215, 228 Salvadori 12 Salvelinus Bairdii 107 foi.tinalis 106 malma 457 oquassa 106 Salvin 9,11 Samarskite 334 Sanderling 200 San Diego, California, notes on fishes from. . 23 occurrence of Crem- nobates at 147 Sandpiper, Aleutian 199 Baird's 200 Bartram's 201 Bonaparte's 199 buff-breasted 201 Cooper's 199 curlew 200 green 200 least 300 pectoral 199 prybilov 199 purple 199 red-backed 200 semipalmated 20O sharp-tailed 199 solitary 200 spotted 201 stilt 199 western 200 Sandstone, flexible 334 San Francisco, description of a new flat-fish foimdin 325 species of Cbims in markets of 58 San Sebastian River, fl^es from 18 Santa Barbara, new Scopeloid fishes from . . 273 Santa Catalina Islasd, California, Bew flounder from 34 Sapsncker, great white-backed 188 Saint Lucas 189 Texaaj 189 "Sarah C. "Wharf" among the Awxis 534 Sarathrodus bimaculatus 88 Sarcorhamphus gryphus 237 Sarda chilensis 27,4^3 pelamys 89,51.3 Sardines 201 Sardonyx 334 Sargua Holbrookii 95 Sars, Prof. G. 364, 366, 367, 373, 381, 390, 392 394, 398, 399, 400, 401, 450, 479 Sassolite 334 Saxicava Norvegiea 407 Saxicota — 24S eenanthe 167,231 SaxicolidsB 239 Say 525 Sayomis 249 fuscus 186 nigricans 18i INDEX. 579 Page. Sayomis sayi 186 Scalaria 150 DalUana 377,404,406 Gronlandica 376 Ponrtalesii 376, 404, 406 sp. ind 376,404,406 unilineata, new species 150 Scaphander puncto-striata 406 Scaphirhynchops platyrhynchus 114 Scapolite 334 Scardafella 246 in«a 195,233 Scaridae 86 Scaras radiana 86 Scheelite 334 Scheetetinite 334 Schirmerite 334 Schistes geoflFroyi 316 Schizopoda 120,414,445,451,452 Schreiberaite 334 Sciaenidas 18,28,32 Scisemops 28 oceQatus 28,93 Sciosopsis palmaia 124 Sclater, Dr , 9,13,14,15 Scoleeolepis viridis... - 123 Scolecophagus 246 cyaaocephalus 183 ferrugineus -- 183 Scolopacidae 239 Scolopax 227,246 calidris 227 rubra 226 rueticula 1«, 199, 221, 227, 229 tahitiencis 10 Scomber 533 diego 456 pneumatcrphorus -88, 456 seombrus 88 Soembereeocidse 26, 29,103 Scomberesox brevirostrie 457 sauros 103 scuteHatus 103 Scomberemoras — 456 concolor 456 Scombridae 27,88 Scombroides 18 ScopelidaB 483 Scopeloid fishes, two fiew CaSifomiaa spe- cies of 273 Scopeltis 275 Scopoli i Scops 246 asio 191 e. maxweniaB 219 enano 7 floridanus 191,219 kennicottii 191,219 maccalli 7,191,233 maxwellias 191,219 var. enano 7 floridana 8 219 maccalli 219 fiammeolus a91,219, 233 Page. Scops kennicottii 219 macalli 7 trichopsia 191,219,233 Scorodito 334 Scorpsena guttata 455 Scorpa3nichthya 460 marmoratns 27,454 Scorpaenidae 27, 86, 453 Scorpaenoid fish, anew Califomian species of 322 description of a new Califomian 327 Scorpis califomiensis 456 Scoter, American 205 velvet 205 velvet 205 Seoterpes 524, 525, 527 copei 527 Scotiaptex 226 cinereum 8 lapponicum 8 Scott 2 Seudder, N. P 392,393 Scyllaea Edwardsii 409 Scyllarus (arctus) gundlachi 431 Seyiliidae 523 Scyllium laticeps 41 Scytale 266 Seytalina cerdale, aewepecies. .264, 265, 267, 268, 4&4 Scytaiina, aew genus 266 Sebastapistes guttatus 27 Sebaetea caurinua 466 fasciatua 297, 465 naarinus S6, 337,480 melanops 455 aebulosus 405 viviparus 88 Sebastiehthy8 287, 288, 298 atrovirens . . .27, 7Q, 146, 288, 289, 290, 293,328,329,455 auj-iculatue 38, 146, 288, 289, 291, 293, 455 ,€amatu8 (new fipeeies) . . .73, 74, 75, 146, 455, 465, 406 «auriim8 455,466 subspecies vexil- iaris 466 var. vesillarig 455 •cMorosticttts. . . 74, 144, 145, 146, 288, 289, 293, 294, 329, 455 chrysomelas (new species) . .455, 465 constdlatus . . . .74, 144, 145, 146, 288, 289, 293, 294, 295, 329, 455 ©longatus 143, 146, 288, 289, 327, 328.329,455 •©ntemelas (new speeiea) . ..142, 145, 146, 455 fasciatua 39,40 faeciolaria, newepecificname . 74, 146, 288, 289, 297, 324, 466 flavidus 142, 144, 145, 146, 455 maliger 74,146,455 a new Califomian Scorpaenoid fish 322 melanops .39, 40, 142, 144, 145, 146, 455 Duniatna, aev species .70, 72, 146, 455 580 INDEX. Page. Sebasticlithys mystinus 455 nebulosus.TJ, 74, 75, 144, 140, 288, 289, 294, 297, 298, 322, 323, 324, 455, 465 nigrocinctus 38, 40, 287, 288, 289, 297, 455 oculatua 74, 296 ovalis 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 327, 328, 329, 455 paucispinis 145 pinniger. . ..38, 39, 70, 71, 72, 144, 146, 288, 289, 290, 328, 329, 455 prorlger 72, 146, 329, 455 rastrelliger, new species. . .146, 288, 289, 290, 296, 297, 323, 455 rhodochloris, new species ..144, 145, 146, 455 rosaceus 74, 144, 145, 146, 288, 289, 293, 294, 295, 296, 329, 455 ruber 38, 144, 14G, 288, 289, 455 r'lbrivinctus, new species . . 143, 146, 288, 289, 291, 455 serriceps . . . 146, 288, 289, 294, 298, 455 a new Californian - "KockCod" 38 simulans 144, 145 two new California species of. 142 vexillaris. . .74, 146, 288, 289, 292, 294, 322, 323, 32i, 466 Sebastodea 287 melanops 455 paucispinis 287, 289, 455 Sebastoid fislies, descriptions of 7 new Cali- fomiati species of 287 Sebastomus 39, 287, 297 auricnlatus 39,287 elongatua 287 flavidus 39 melanops 86 nebulosus 287 pinniger 39 rosaceus 287 ruber 2S7 Sebastosomus 39, 287, 297 flavidus 287,288,289 melanops 39, 287, 288, 289 ovalis 287, 2S8, 289 pinniger 287 simulans 287, 288, 289, 455 Seedeater, black-faced 182 Morelet's 182 Selasphorus 246 alleni 187,218,314 ardens 314 hensbawi 314 platycercus 187, 31^ rufus 187,314 scintilla 314 Selene argentea 18 Selenite var 333 Sema, note on 1 327 Sema signifer 327 Semi-opal 334 Semotilus 512 argenteus 110 bullaris 110 Pago. Semotilus corporalis xlO, 512, 515 rhotheus 110 Sennett, Mr 7, 13, 15 Sergestes arcticus 445, 451 sp. noV 445, 451 Serinus meridionalis 238 Seriola Lalandi 456 mazatlana 456 zonata 91 Seriphus politus 456 Serpentine, precious 334 var 304 Serpula 124 Serranidao 99, 250 Serranus clathratus 456 maculefasciatns 456 nebulifer 456 Sertularia pumila 133 Setarches 480 Giintberi 480 parmatus 480, 481 Setophaga 246 miniata 174,229,232 picta 174,232 mbra 224 ruticilla 174 Shark, a new Pacific Notidanoid species of. 352 basking 52 blue 52 ground 52 man-eater 52 Sharks, Californian, notes on 51 Sharpe, Mr 4, 8, a, 11,141 Shearwater, black-tailed 209 black-vented 209 cinereous 209 dark-bodied 209 dusky 209 greater 209 manx 209 pink-footed 209 slender-billed 209 sooty 209 Sheldrake, American 205 hooded 205 red-breasted 205 Shoveller 204 Shrike, great northern 175 large-billed 175 loggerhead 175 white-rnmped 175 Sialia 246 arctica 167 mexicana 167 sialis 167 Siboma 326,400 crassicauda 326 gibbosa 326 Siderite 334 " Sifflem montagne " 256 Sigalion .arenicola 117, 122 Siliceous sinter 334 Silicifled -wood 334 Sillimanito 334 Silui idaa 21, 111, ? 13 INDEX. 581 Page. SUus 484 Simcnchelyidffi 113, 485 Simcnchelj-s parasiticus. 113, 485 Simorhynchus 2l'8, 246 cassini 12 cristateUas 211 pygmasus 12, 21 1 Sipho glaber 370 latericeus 369 S'.phonella pygrajea 408 Siphonentalis affinis 395, 404 Lofotensis 395, 404, 407 Siplionodentaliuia vitreum 394, 404, 4 07 Siphonorhis americana' 15 Siphonostoma 22 fuscnm 22 louisianaj 22 Sipliostoma californiense 453 dimidiatum '. 453 leptorhyiichus 453 punctipinne 453 Sitta 246 canadensis 169 carolLnensis 1G9 aculeata 169 pusilla v.. 169 pygmsea 169 Sittidffi 239 Siurns 224,246 auricapUlus 173 motacilla 173 nasvius 12, 173 notabilis 12,173,216 Skenea planorbis 126, 129 Skimmer, black 206 Smectite 334 Smelt, surf 46 eastern 46 Smith, Miss Rosa 147,336 Mr. Sanderson •. . 117, 355, 380, 414 Prof. S. I. 117,118,119,120,121,125,130, .355,371,373,391,393,413 on Crustacea from south New England 413 Smithsonian Institution, duplicate fishes distributed by 75 Smit hsonito 334 Smoky 334 Snake bird 206 Snipe, English 199 gray 199 greater gray-back 199 red-bellied 199 rod-breasted 199 robin 199 Wilson's 199 Snowbird, black 179 gray-headed 179 Guadalupe 180 Mexican 180 Snowbird, Oregon 179 pink-sided ] 79 red-backed 179 white-winged 179 Solarium 359 Page. Solarium boreale 376, 404, 406 Solea 344 vulgaris 77 Soleidae 23,77 Solcmya 158 bilix, new species 158 subplicata 158 velum 129, 158, 408 Solen americanus 128 Solcnoconcha 394,407,408 Solenomya velum 129 Solitaire, Townsend's 167 Somateria 246 dresseri :.. 222 mollissima 204,222,230 dresseri 205,222 spectabilis 205 V. nigra 205 Somniosus bievipiunis 535 microcephalus 355,458 Souldia 315 South Carolina, description of new hake from 69 "Spanish Flag" 146,292 Sparidas 19, 27, 95 Sparoid fish, description of a new, from Cal- ifornia 284 Sparrow, aleutian song 180 Arizona 180 Bell's 180 bl ick-chinned 179 black-throated 180 Boucard's 180 Brewer's 179 californian song 180 Cassin's 180 chipping 179 clay-colored 179 field 179 fox-colored 181 Gambel's white-crowned 179 golden-crowned 179 Harris's 179 Heermann's song 180 Henslow's 178 intermediate white-crowned 179 ipswich 178 large-billed 178 Leconte's 178 mountain song 180 oak-woods 180 rufous-crowned 180 rufous-winged 180 rusty song 180 sagebrush 180 Saint Lucas ,. 178 Sandwich Sound 178 Savannah 178 slate-colored 181 song 180 sooty song 180 swamp 180 Texas 181 thick-billed 181 titlark 178 582 INDEX. Page. Sparrow, Townsend's 181 tree 179 •western chipping 179 western savannah 178 western yellow-winged 178 white-crowned 179 white-throated 179 yellow-winged 178 Sparus 286 a new Californian species of 284 brachysomus, new species 284 Spatula 246 clypeata 204 Speotyto 226,246 canicularia 237 floridana 192.220 hypogaea 192 var. floridana 220 gpermophila 246 moreletii 182, 232 Spessarite 333 Sphaeroma quadridoatatum 122 Sphalerite 334 Sphenoproctus cnrvipennis 309 pampa 309 Sphyrsena 411 argentea 29,456 horealis 102 Sphyraenidae 29,102 Sphyrapicus 246 thyroideus 189 varius 189 nuchalis 189 ruber --- 189 Sphyma zygsena 115,458 Sphymidae 115 Sphyropicus thyroideus 6 williamsoni 213 Spillman, Kev. William, M. D 491 Spinacidae 116,486 Spinel. 334 Spiralis balea 392 gouldii 392 MacAndrei 393,404,407 retroversus ^92 var.? MacAndrei 393 Spirigera 46 Spiropagurus 422, 423 spiriger 426 Spirorbis 161 borealis 124 dickhauti, new species 157, 161 rotulus 161 ^irostrephon 524,525,526 caesioaunulatns 524, 526, 528 cavernarum 524, 525, 526 copei 524, 525 lactarius 524,525,526 ( Pseudotremia) copei 527 (Scoterpes) copei 525, 526, 528 vudii .524,525 Spisala solidissima? 128, 408 Spiza 3,4,225,246 americana 3, 182 townsendi 182 Pago. Spizella 24« atrogularia 179,232 breweri 3, 179 domestica 179 arizonae 179 evnra 235 montana 3, 179 TOonticola 3 pallida 3,179 pusilla 179 socialis arizonae 217 var. arizonae 217 "Split-tail" 320 Spodumeu 334 Sponge, a new type of 209 Spongia 269 Spoonbill, American 10 roseate > 198 Sporadinus elegans 320 maugaei 320 ricordi 320 Squalius 460 ardesiacus 400, 461 atrarius 461 copei, new species 401 . cruoreus, new species 460 montanus 400 niger 461 rhomaleus. new species 461 squamatus 461 taenia 460 Squalus acanthias 116, 458 americanus 116 Squatarola 246 helvetica 198 Squatina angelus 458 Squillidaa 446 Stannite 334 Starling, European 184 Stamoenas 246 cyanocephala 195, 231 Staurolite 334 Steganopus 227, 246 tricolor 227 wilsoni 201 Steganura melananthera 315 underwoodi 315 Stegocephalus ampulla 447, 451 Steindachner 29,147,332 Stelgidopteryx 225,246 serripennis 175 Stellula 225,246 calliope 187,219,314 Stenelais picta 122 Stenotomus argyrops 95 Stephanite 334 Stcphanolepis setifer 76 Stercorariidae 240 Stercorarius 246 buffoni 208 parasiticus 208 pomatorhinua 208 Stercorite 334 Stereolepis ff'gas 27, 458 Sterna 246 INDEX. 583 Page. Stemaaloutica 208,223 anaestheta 208,223,231 anglica 207 antillarum 208 cantiaca acnUa^ ida 208 caapia 207 dougaUi 208 elegans 208 fluviatilis 208 forsteri 208 fuliginosa 208 var. crissalis 235 (Haliplana) anosthsta 223 havelli 214 macrura 208 pikei 214 portlandica 235 rogia 207 trudeaui 208 Stevenson, Mr. James 48 Sthenelais picta 117 Stibnite 334 Stichaeidai 138,477 Stilbe americana 512 Stilbite 334 Stiliger fuscata 117,127,409 Stilt, black-necked 201 Stimpson, William 394, 415, 418, 426, 428 Stizostethium americanum 100 canadense 100 vitreum 100 Saint John's Kiver, Florida, notes on fishes from 22 Stolephorus compressus 457 delicatissimus 457 ringens 457 Stoliczska 141 Stomatopoda 446, 451, 452 Stone, Mr. Livingston 46 Storm, Mr 479 Strepsidura 151 Strepsilas 246 interpes 198 melanocephala 198 Strepsilidae 239 Streptorhynch us 46 Stricklandinia davidsoni 49 salteri 49 and davidsoni in Geor- gia 48 StrigidaB 239 Stiix 7,226,246 accipitrina 7 aluco 237 americana 7 canadensis 8 cinerea 226 cunicularia 226 flammea 7, 226 var. nigrescens 257 funorea 8 lapponica 226 nebulosa '. 7,8, 191 alleni 8,191,219 occidentalis 8, 191, 219 Page. Strix otus 226 passerina 237 pratincola 7 stridula 7, 226, 237 ulula 8 flammeata 8 uralensis 226 Stromateidae 91 Stromateus simillimus 456 Strontianite 334 Struvite 334 Stumella 246 magna 183 mexicana 183, 218, 238 neglecta 183 StumidaB 239 Sturnus 225,246 cLnclus 224 vulgaris 184, 218, 225, 229 Styliola acicala 404 recta 393 virgula 393 Sncker, Utah 463 Sudis hyalina 273, 274 ringens, new species 273,457 Sola 246 bassana 206 cyanops 206, 223 leucogastra 11, 206 piscator 206, 223, 229 Sularidae 240 Sulphur 334 Sumichrast, Prof. P 14 Sunflshes 489 Sunstone 334 Surfbird 198 Suxf-smelt 43 method of taking, by Qiiillehute Indians 43 of northwest coast, "Washington Territory 43 Surnia 246 funerea 192 ulnla 192,220,230 passerina 237 ulula funerea 8 Sussexite 334 Swallow, bank 175 bam 175 cliff 175 rough-winged 175 violet-green 175 white-bellied 175 Swan, Bewick's 202, 222 European 202 ti'umpeter 202 whistling 202 Swan, James G 43, 46, 257, 258, 353, 455 Trachypterus? altivolis, taken by 455 Swift, black 188 chimney 188 Vaux's 188 white-throated 188 Sylvanite r 334 584 INDEX. Page. Sylvia carbonata 234 dolalieldii 236 mitrata 224 montana 234 olivacea 216,224 swaiusoui ; 224 - vcrmivora 224 Sylviidro 239 S.vlvite 334 Symphemia 246 semipalmata 200 Symphyla (scolopendrellae) 529 Synapliobrancbidae 113, 485 Syiiaphobranchus pinnatus 113, 4S5 SynascidiiB 270 Syngnathidse 23,77 Syngnathus 22 arundinaceus 23, 453 fasciatus 22 fuacua 22,77 griseolineatus 453 leptorhynclius 23 peckianus 23 viiidescens 22 SynodontidsB 105 Synodua foetens 105 lucioceps 457 Synthliborhamphus 228,246 antiquns 211 wurmizusnme 211 Syringa philadelpliua 258 Syinium 7 lapponicnm 219 occidentale 219 Syrrhina 38, 53, 510, 520, 522, 523 brcvirostris 516, 520 esasperata 516, 521 Syrski 280,281 organs of 280 Syrskian organ of male eels 281, 282 Syscenus infelix 450, 451 Taoliybaptes 228, dorainicus 210, minor Tachycineta 225, bicolor thalassina Tachydrite Tachypetes aquila Tachypetidae Tachytriorcbis Taeniotoca lateralis Talc Talorchestia lougicornis megalophthalma Tambor Tanager, Cooper's hepatic scarlet western Tanagra cyanea Tanagridae 246 231 238 246 175 175 334 246 205 240 334 120 120 146 176 170 176 170 225 239 Page. Tantalus 240 falcinellus 220 loculator 197 Taranis morchii ? 308 morchii 403,406 pulcbjella, new species 368, 403, 400 Tattler, wandering 200 Tauiidea 4G0 Tautoga onitis 87 Tautogolabrus adspersus 87 Teal, blue-winged 204 cinnamon 204 English 204 green-winged 204 Tectibranchiata 141 Tectura 127 rubella 391 Telestes 460 gibbosa 32.6 Tellimya ferruginosa 400, 404, 407 Tellina 129 Tell-tale 200 Tellurite 334 Tellurium 334 Telmatodytes 224, 240 palustris 170 paludicola 170, 215 Tennantite 354 Terebra 151 plicifera, new species 151 Terebratulina septentrionalis 407, 409 Teredo dilatata 1 28 megotara 128, 498 navalis 121,128 Teretnlusduquesnii 512 Tergipes 391 despectus 127, 391, 404 Tern, Aleutian 208 arctic 208 hlack ; 208 bridled 208 Cabot's 208 Caspian 207 common 208 elegant 208 Forster' s 208 gull-bnied 207 least 208 noddy 208 roseate 208 royal 207 sooty 208 Trudeau's 2C8 white-winged black 208 Teschemacherite 334 Tetrahedrite 334 Tetrao 9 canadensis 226 richardsonii 221 urogallus 9 Tetraonida) 239 Tetrastemma dorsalis 124 vermiculus? 117,124 Totrodoutida) 76 Tetrodon 40 INDEX. 585 Paf:e. Tetrodon politus 453 turgidus 76 Tosas fossils, tertiary 151 Thalasseiis caspius var. imperator 235 Thalassidroma bulwori 223 Thalassoajtus pelagicus 237 Thaleiehthys paclflcus 08, 258, 457 Tlialurania bicolor 314 columbica 313 eriphile 314 turcata 313 glaucopia 313 luci» 313 nigrofasciata 313 Thanmatias viridicaudus 31C Thompson, Mr 534 Wyvillo 409 Thomsonite 335 Thoracocincla 224 Thracia 390 conradi 408 myopsis 396 Thrasajtus 220, 246 harpyia 194,221,233 Thrasher, Bendiro's 167 brown 107 califomian 107 curvo-billed 107 Leconte's 107 mexican brown 107 Palmer's 107 red-vented 107 sage 100 Saint Lucas 167 Socorro 167 Thrush, Aoonalasbka, of Latham 1 dwarf ICO eastern hermit 2 golden-crowned 173 gray-cheeked 106 Grinnell's water 173 hermit 1,106 largo-billed water 173 olive-backed 160 red-wing 206 rocky mountain hermit 100 russet-backed 106 small-billed water 173 song, of Europe 224 unalaschka, of Pennant 1 western dwarf 1 "Wilson's 100 wood 100 Thryomanes 224, 240 bewicki 170 leucogaster 170, 215, 232 spilurus 170, 215 brevicauda 170, 215, 228 Thryothorns 246 ludovicianus 170 berlandieri 170, 232 miamensis 170, 215 var. miamensis ... 215 Thymallus tricolor 105 Thyris, new genus 338,344 Page. Thyris pellucidus, now species ...337,338,344,475 Thysanopoda norvegica 445, 451 Thysanura 529 Tigoma 460 egregia 461 Tilmatura duponti 315 Tinnunculus 246 alaudarius 193, 220, 229 sparverioides 193, 220, 231 sparverius 193 isabellinus 193, 231 Titanit« 335 Tit, black-eared 109 ground 108 lead-t olored 109 least 109 yellow-headed 109 Titlark, American 170 European 170 Sprague'a 171 Titmouse, black-crested 108 plain 108 tufted 108 Wollweber's 168 Tityra atricapilla 225 viridis 225 Tom-cod 145 Tomliuson, Robert 257 Topaz 335 Topaza pella 313 Tope, European 42 Torellia vestita 406 Torpedo californica 458 the genus 518 Totanus 227,246 calidris 237 flavipes 200 glottis 200,230 melanoleucus 200 Totten, General 129,130 Tottenia gemma 126,129 Tourmaline 335 inclusions 334 Towhee 181 abert's 181 califomian brown 181 caiion..: 181 Florida 181 green-tailed 181 Guadalupe 181 northern 1 81 Oregon 181 Saint Lucas brown 181 Socorro 181 spurned 181 Trachinoid group 307 Trachurops crnmenophthalmus 89 Trachurus saurus 456 Trachynotus carolinus 90 Trachypterus ? altivelis 455 Trask 46 Tree-fish 146 Tremoctopus 362 Tremolito 333 Triads 355 586 INDEX. Page. Triacis semifasciatua 34, 52, 458 Trichas delaiieldii 236 Trichiuridae 88 Trichiurus lepturus 88 Trichodon Stelleri 455 Trichopetalum 525,526,527,528 jviloides 527 glomeratum 527 lunatum 526,527 TrichotTopis conica 374,404 Tiiglidaj f*3 Triglopa 460 Triglopsis 460 Trigonorhina 522 alveata 522 Tringa 246 alpina 222,227 canntus .. 199 crassirostris 221 byperborea 227 longicauda 227 inaculata 256 maritima 227 minuta 227,237 minutilla 257 platyrbj-ncha 237 ptilocnemis 221 pugnax 227 temmincki 237 vanellns 227 Tringoides • 246 macuiarius 201 Tritia trivittata 408 Tritonofusus latericeus 3C9, 403, 406 TrocbilidsB 239 catalogue of, in collection of United States National Mu- seum 308 classification and synopsis of 6 Elliot's synopsis of 6 synopsis of 15 Trochilus 246 alexandri 187,314 calliope 225 colubris 187,314 fulgens 225 leucotis 225 mango 236 Troglodytes 246 aedon 170 parkmanni 170 alascensis 215 americanus 213 bewicki 224 europseus 236 byemalis 236 var. paciflcua 215 insularis 170, 215 parvnlus 236 Troglodytidae 239 Trogon 246 ambiguua 6, 190, 229 coppery-tailed 190 mexicanua 6 Page. Trogonidae 239 Troilite 835 Trona 335 Tioupial 183 "Trout" 497 Tnincatella truncatula 376, 379 truncatulus 404 Truncatula truncatulus 409 Trupialis militaris 213,236 Tryngites 246 rufescens 201 Tubulipora flabellaria '. 131 serpena 131 Tunicata 130 Tnrbellaria 125 TurboniUa formosa 380, 404, 40G interrupta? 408 nivea 370,404,406 Katbbuni 379, 404, 406 Smithii, new species 380, 404, 406 Turdidae 239 new species of tbe family of, from Dominica 16 Turdus 223,246 aonalaschkae 1,2 auduboni 1 pallasi 1 atrogularis 22* confinis 214 iliacus 166,214,223,229 morula 224 migratorius 224 propinquus 214 musicus 223,224 mustelinus 223 naevius 224 nanus 1, 2 pallasi 2 pilaris 224 torquatus 224 viscivorus 223, 224 Turkey, Mexican 103 wild 195 Turner, Mr. Lucien M 3,13 Turnstone 198 black 198 Turquois 335 Twa-oo 257 Tylostoma 141,142 mutabilis 142 princeps, new species 141 Tylostoma torrubiae 142 Tylosurus 459 cantraini 459 exilis 457,459 Tyrannidae ' 239 Tyrannula cooperi 13 lawrencei 229 moxicana 13, 14 mexicanus 14 Tyrannus 246 carolinensis 185 dominicensis 185, 231 melancholicus 213, 236 INDEX. 587 Page. Tyrannus melancholicus couchii 185 verticalis 185 Tociferans 185 U. TJlexite 835 TJlrich, Mr.E.0 157,161,162 Ulula 226,246 cinerea 191 lapponica 191, 219, 230 " ulnla flammeata " 8 Ululu 226 TJlva 139,299 Umbra limi 104 TJmbridiB 104 TJmbrina broussoneti 17, 18, 19 coroidea 19 elongata 28, 456 ronchus 28 nndnlata 456 xanti 456 TJnpiola irrorata 448, 451 United States Fish Commission : Crustacea dredged by, in 1880. 413 New England deep-water fisb. obtained by 467 United States National Museum : catalogne of Trochilidce in . . . 308 duplicate fishes distributedby 75 minerals in 333 United States, southern, new Eocene Mol- lusca from 149 Uralite 334 Uranidea 460 gobio 59 microstoma, new species 58 Uranomitia cyanocephala 317 franciae 317 quadricolor 317 Yioliceps 317 viridifrons 317 Uranoacopidae 18,83 Uraptera 133,135 Uria 246 carbo 212 columba 212 grylle 212 pusilla 228 ringvia 214 Urolophus cruciatus 31 halleri 31,457 torpedinus 31 Urophycis regins 476 Uropsetta californica 23 Urosticte benjamini 313 Urtica dioica 43 Urticina nodosa 358 Urubitlnga 226,246 anthracina 194,221,233 Utah, new invertebrate fossils from 157 Utah Lake, notes on fishes from 459 sucker 463 Utamania 228, 246 torda 211 Utricnlus 381 Pagp. Utricnlus conulns 382 Gonldii 383 hyalinus 382 nitidulus 381 Vaillant, Dr. L6on 19 VaUlantia 495,496 chlorosoma 495, 496, 514, 515 Vancouver 264 Vanellns 227,246 cristatus 193,221,231 Velutella cryptospira , ,374, 404 Venericardia borealis 408 Venus mercenaria 129 Vermes 161 Vermiculite 335 VerrUl, Pro£ AI E 117, 132, 355, 413, 414, 421, 428 on southern New England Mollusca 405 Vesicularia.. 131 sp 131 nva 131 Vieillot 6,9 Vinva (widow) 145 Vireo 246 atricapillus 175, 232 bellii 17a flavifrons 224 huttoni , 175 noveboracensis 175 pusillus 175,216 swainsoni 210 vicinior 175,216,232 virescens 213 Bell's 175 black-capped 175 black-whiskered 17* blue-headed 174 Cassin's 174 gray 175 Button's 175 least 175 Philadelphia 174 plumbeous 174 red-eyed 174 warbling 174 western warbling 174 white-eyed 175 yellow-green 174 yellow-throated 174 Vireonidae 239 Vireosylvia 224,246 agilis flavo-viridis 174, 232 calidris barbatula 174, 231 gilva 174 swainsoni 174, 216 olivacea 174 philadelphica 174 plumbea 216 Vivianite 335 Togdes, Lieut. A. "W 48 Vomer setipinnis 89 VonSeibold 282 Voy, Mr 63 588 INDEX. Page. Viiltar atrata 226 califomianns 226 urubii - - - 226 Vulture, black 195 W. "Wad 335 "Wagtail, white 170 yellow 170 Wallace 529 Walker, Col. S. T 8 Warbler, Audubon's 172 Bachman's 171 bay-breasted 172 BeU'3 17* blackburnian 172 black and yellow , 172 black-capped yellow 173 black-poll 172 black-throated blue 172 gray 172 green 172 Blue Mountain 173 blue-throated 167 blue-winged yellow 171 blue yt'Uow-backed 171 Brasier's 174 Canadian fly-catching 174 Cape May 172 carbonated 172 cerulean 172 chestnut-sided 172 Connecticut 173 golden-cheeked 172 golden-winged 171 Grace's 172 hermit 173 hooded 173 Kennicott's 168 Kentucky 173 Kirtland's 173 Lawrence's 171 Lucy's 171 luteous 171 Macgillivray's 173 mourning 173 Nashville 171 olive-he.aded 172 orange-crowned 171 pileolated 174 pine-creeping 173 prairie 173 prothonatory 171 red 174 red-faced 174 red-poll 173 Sennett's 171 Socorro .'.... 171 Swainson's 171 Tennessee 171 Townsend's 172 Virginia's 171 . white-browed yellow-throated 172 white-throated 171 worm-eating 171 Page. Warbler, yellow red-poll - 173 yellow-rump 173 yellow-throated 172 Warwickito 335 Warner, William A. . . .489, 491, 408, 499, 502, 512, 513 Washington Territory, now fishes from 264 Wavellite 335 Wax opal 334 Wax-wing, cedar 175 northern 175 Webster, Prof. H. E.. .117, 119, 120, 128, 132, 356, 371 Weinmiller, J 292 West Indies, a new species of Icterus from. . 351 Wharton 9.11 Wheeler, Captain 157 Lieutenant 160 Wheelerite 335 Whimbrel 201 Whip-poor-wiU 188 White, Dr. C. A 46, 47, 48, 140, 149, 157, 527, 528 Whiteaves, Mr. J. F 371, 370, 381, 397, 401, 448 Whitney 46 Whitneyite 335 Widgeon 203 Willemite 335 Willet 200 Willoughby, Charles 10,43 Wilson 9,234 Wilson, E.B 350 Wilsonia 224,246 canadensis 174 minuta 104,174,234 mitrata 173 pusilla 173 pileolata 174,216 Winckler 263 Witherite 335 Wolfenite 335 Wolframite 333 Wollastonite 335 Woodcock, American 199 European 199 Wood-mason 432, 433 Wood opal 334 Woodpecker, banded-backed, 3-toed 1 89 black-backed, 3-toed 1 89 black-breasted 189 Californian 189 downy 188 Gairdner's 188 Gila 189 golden-fronted 189 hairy 188 Harris's 188 ivory-billed 188 Lewis's 189 narrow-fronted - 190 NuttaU's 189 pileated 189 rod-bellied 189 red-breasted 189 red-cockaded 189 red-headed 189 red-naped 189 Strickland's 189 INDEX. 589 Page. Woodpecker, st ripcd-backed, 3-tocd 189 white-headed 189 yellow-bellied 189 Worms of Provincetown 117 Wreu, Alaskan 170 Berlandier's 170 Bewick's 170 Califomian Bewick's 170 Carolina 170 riorida 170 Guadalupe 170 rock 109 house 170 long-billed marsh 170 Mexican white-throated 169 rock 169 Saiut Lucas cactus 109 short-billed marsh 170 Socorro 170 Texan Bewick's 170 tule 170 western house 170 winter 170 white-throated 169 winter 170 Wyoming, new invertebrate fossils from 157 X. Xanthocephalus 246 icterocephalus 182 Xanthura 24B luxuosa 185,233 Xema 246 sabinei 207 Xenichthys califoi niensis 456 Xenopicus 6,226,246 albolarvatus 6, 189 Xenotimite 335 Xtnotis 499 megalotis 499 peltastes 98 sanguinolentus 98 solis 499 Xiphias gladius 456, 481 Xiphidion mucosum , 135 XiphidiontidiB 82, 138 Xiphidium cruoreum 138, 454 XiphiidfB. 481 Xiphister 138,140 chirus, new8pccie3..135, 137, 138, 2Go, 454 cruoreus 138 niucosus 135, 137, 138, 265, 454 rnpestris, now species -.137, 138, 265, 454 Xystrcury s, new genus 34 Pago. Xystreurys, liolcpis, a new Callfornian floun- der 34 new genus and species 34, 51, 454 Xystroplites heros 98 T. Tellow-bird, summer 172 Yellow Garrupa 146 Yellow-legs 200 greater 200 Yellow-tail 144,145 Yellow-throat, llaryland 173 Yoldia oxpansa 405, 407 frigida 401,405,407 lucida 407 sapotilla 408 thraciformis 407 Z. Zamelodia 225,246 ludoviciana 182 melanocephala 182 Zaniolepis latipinnis 455 Zapteryx 53 exasperatus 458 Zaratite 335 Zen»da 246 amabilis 195,231 Zenaedura 246 . carolinensis 195 graysoni 195,221,229 Zincite 335 Zircon 335 Zittel 141 Zoarces anguillaris 82 Zoarcidae 247 Zoisite 335 Zonotrichia 246 albicoUis 179 coronata 179 gambeli 179 intermedia 179, 217 leucophrys 179 var. intermedia 217 pileata 236 querula 1 79 Zorgite 335 Zygonectes 21,501 henshalli 17,21 melanops 501, 515 notatus £.01, 514, 515 rubrifrons 17, 20 Zygonopus 528 new genus of Myriapods 527 whitei, new species 527 ^cparfwcnf of fKc inferior U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 PROCEEDINGS UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vol. lA^. 1881 PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHIKGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1882k This and tbe previous volumes of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum have been published under the editorial super- vision of Tarleton H. Bean, M. D., Curator, Department of Fishes. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Anonymons. The Comparative action of Dry Heat and Sulphurous Acid upon Putrefactive Bacteria 206 Baird, S. F. Notes on certain Aboriginal Shell Mounds on the Coast of New BrunswicTc and of New England 292-297 Bean, Tarlcton H. Descriptions of New Species of Fishes ( Uranidea marginata, Potamo- cottus Bendirei), and of Myctophum crenulare, J. and G- 26-29 Notes on some Fishes from Hudson's Bay 127-129 Descriptions of New Fishes from Alaska and Siberia 144-159 Directions for Collecting and Preserving Fish 235-238 A Preliminary Catalogue of the Fishes of Alaskan and Adjacent Waters 239-272 A Partial Bibliography of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the United States and of Alaska, for the year 1880 -. 312-317 Notes on a Collection of Fishes made by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., in British Columbia and Southern Alaska, with Descriptions of New Species and a New Grenus {Z>e- lolepis) 463-474 (See also under Goode and Bean.) Bendire, Capt. Charles, U. S. A. Notes on >SoZ?»omdflE of the Upper Columbia .. 81-87 Boyd, C. H. Remains of the Walrus (?) in Maine 234,235 Carlin, William B. Ohservsitions o{ Siredon lichenoides 120,121 Ball, W. H. On the Genera of OMtoTi* 279-291 On certain Limpets and Chitons from the Deep Waters off the Eastern Coast of the United States - 400-414 Bndlich, F. OT. An Analysis of Water destructive to Fish in the Gulf of Mexico 124 FarloTT, Br. W. Cr. Report on the Contentb of two bottles of Water from the Gulf of Mexico, forwarded by the Smithsonian Institution 234 Oilbert, Charles H. (See under Jordan and Gilbert.) Oill, Theodore. Note on the Latiloid Genera 162-164 Olazier, W. C. W., Assistant Surgeon, M. H. S. On the Destruction of Fish by Polluted Waters in the Gulf of Mexico 126,127 doode, €r. BroTfn. The Taxonomic Relations and Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Swordfish Family (Xiphiidce) 415-433 Croode, Cr. Brown, and Tarleton H. Bean. Description of a New Species of Fish (Apogon pandionis), from the Deep Water off the Mouth of Chesapeake Bay 160, 161 Benthodesmus, a New Genus of Deep-sea Fishes, allied to Lepidopus 379-383 Ilawes, George W., Ph. D. On the Mineralogical Composition of the Normal Mesozoic Diabase upon the Atlantic Border 129-134 On the Determination of Feldspar in Thin Sections of Rocks 134-136 Ingcrsoll, Brnest. On the Fish Mort.ality in the Gulf of Mexico 74-80 Japanese liCgation. Catalogue of »• Collection of Japimese Cotton Fiber presented to the United States National Museum by the Government of Japan, together with the Amount of the Annual Crop of Japan, and the Price of Cotton 449-453 Johnson, S. II. Notes on the Mortality among Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico 205 Jordan, David 8., and Pierre Ij. Jouy. Check-list of Duplicates of Fishes from the Pacific Coast of North America, distributed by the Smithsonian Institution in behalf of the United States National Museum, 1881 1-18 Jordan, Barid S., and Charles B[. Gilbert. Notes on the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of 1 he United S tates 29-70 Desciiptiou of Sebastichthys mystinus 70-72 ni IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Jordan, Darid S., and Charles Bl. Oilbert. Description of a 'New Species of Pti/- chochilus {Ptychochilus Harfordi) , from Sacramento River 72, 73 Notes on Baia inornata 73,74 Notes on a Collection of Fishes, made by Lieut. Henry E. Nicliols, U. S. N., on the West Coast of Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species 225-233 List of Fishes collected by Lieut, Henry E. Nichols, TJ. S. N., in the Gulf of California, and on the West Coast of Lower California, with Descriptions of Four New Species 273-279 Descriptions of Thirty-Three New Species of Fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico 338-3G5 Description of a New Species of Pomadasys from Mazatlan, with a Key to the Species known to Inhabit the Pacific Coasts of Tropical America 383-388 Description of a New Species of Xenichthys (Xenichthys xenurus), from the West Coast of Central America 454 Description of Five New Species of Fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico 458-463 Jouy, Pierre JL. Description of a New Species of Squalius (Squalitts alicice), from Utah Lake 19 Kia^rrence, Oeorge IV. Description of a New sub-Species of Loxigilla, from the Island of St. Christopher, West Indies 204,205 liockington, W. Pi, Description of a New Genus and Species of Cottidce 141-144 JLugger, Otto. The Occurrence of the Canada Porcupine in Maryland 161, 162 McKay, Charles Li. A Review of the Genera and Species of the Family Centrarchidce, with a description of One New Species 87-93 Moore, M. A. Fish Mortality in the Gulf of Mexico 125,126 JPirz, Anthony. Methods of Making and Preserving Plaster Casts 272,273 Plateau, M. Felix. The Rapid Preparation of Large Myological Specimens 388-391 Porter, Joseph Y., Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. On the Destruction of Fish by Poisonous Water in the Gulf of Mexico 121-123 Bathbun, Kichard. List of Marine Invertebrates, mainly from the New England Coast, distributed by the United States National Museum. (Series II. ) 298-303 List of Marine Invertebrates from the New England Coast, Distributed by the United States National Museum. (Series III.) 304-307 Ran, Charles. List of Anthropological Publications (of Charles Ran) 455-458 Ridgvray, Robert. On a Duck new to the North American Fauna 22-24 On Amazilia yucatanengis (Cabot), and A. eerviniventris, Gould 25,26 A Review of the Genus Centurus, Swainson 93-119 List of Species of Middle and South American Birds not Contained in the United States National Museum 165-203 List of Special Desiderata among North American Birds 207-223 Catalogue of Old World Birds in the United States National Museum 317-333 Notes on Some Costa Rican Birds 333-337 Description of a New Flycatcher and a Supposed New Petrel, from the Sandwich Islands 337, 338 Description of a New Owl from Porto Rico 366-371 Descriptions of Two New Thrushes from the United States 374-379 On Two Recent Additions to the North American Bird Fauna, by L. Belding... 414,415 Ryder, John A. On Semper's Method of Making Dry Preparations 224, 225 Shufeldt, R. W., U. S. A. Remarks upon the Osteology of OpAeosaMrMS wntraH* 392-400 Smith, Rosa. Description of a New Gobioid Fish {Othonops eos), from San Diego, Cal 19-21 Description of a New Species of Gobiesox {Oobiesox rhessodon], from San Diego, Cal 140,141 Smith, Silas R . On the Chinnook Names of the Salmon in the Columbia River 391, 392 Stejneger, liConhard. Description of Two New Races of Jfi/adesto o&«cMrM«, Lafr 371-374 Translation. Metallic Castings of Delicate Natural Objects 161 True, Frederick W. On the North American Land Tortoises of the Genus Xerobatet-.- 434-449 On the Rare Rodent, Crieetodipus parvus (Baird) , Coues 474, 475 'Ward, li. F. Catalogue of a Collection of Japanese Woods, presented to the United States National Museum by the University of Tokio, Japan 308-311 White* C. A. On certain Cretaceous Fossils from Arkansas and Colorado 136-139 TABLE OF CONTENTS V Appendix Page.. 477 List of circulars: No. 1. Plan of organization and regulations Page.. 479 No. 2. Circular addressed to friends of the museum Page.. 687 No. 3. Circular in reference to petroleum collections Page.. 539 No. 4. Circular concerning the department of insects Page.. 541 No. 5. Establishment and officers Page.. 543 No. 6. Classification and arrangement of the materia medica collection. By James M. Flint, surgeon, United States Navy Page.. 545 No. 7. A classification of the forms in which drags and medicines appear and are administered. By James M. Flint, surgeon. United States Navy Pago.. 547 No. 8. Memoranda of collectors of drugs for the materia medica section of the National Museum. By James M. Flint, surgeon, United States Navy Page . . 555 No. 9. Circular in reference to the building-stone collection Page . 557 No. 10. Two letters on the work of the National Museum. By Bamet Phillips Page . 563 No. 11. A provisional classification of the food collection. By G. Brown Goode Page. 573 No. 12. Classification of the collection to illustrate the art of taxidermy Page.. 595 No. 13. Outline of a scheme of museum classification. By G. Brown Goode Page.. 597 No. 14. Circular requesting material for the library Page.. 601 No. 15. The organization and objects of the National Museum Page . . 605 No. 16. Plans for the installation of collections Page.. 609 No. 17. Contributions and their acknowledgment Page.. 611 No. 18. List of publications of the United States National Museum Page.. 613 General DJDKX Pao^e.. 625 LIST OF CORRECTIONS. [Vol. IV, Proc. Kat. Mus. 1881.] Page V, line 11, for memoranda of, &c., read memoranda for, &c. Page 327, line 45, for Ph.enicophainin/e read Phcenicopiiainin^. Page 455, line 1, for List of Anthropological Publications read List of An- thropological Publications of Charles Rau. Page 472, line 29, for Sebastichthys ruber read Sebastichthys proriger Jor. & (jilb. Page 472, line 36, for Sebastodes paucisplnis read Sebastichthys proriger Jor. ^ PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1§S1. CIIE:CK-r.IST OF DUP1.ICATES OF FBSBIES FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF iVORTai ARIERICA, OISTRIBUTSD BV THE SMITH- SONIAN INSTITUTSOIV EN BEHALF OF THE UNITEU STATES NATIOJVAI, MUSEUM, ISSl. Prepared by I>A1'SD l^. JOKI>AM and PIERR£ I.. JOVIT. HIPPOCAMPIDiE. 1. Hippocampus iugeus Grd. 7404. California. SYNGNATHID^. 2. Siphostoma leptorhynchus * (Grd.) J. & G. 26808. San Diego, California. 3. Siphostoma califormense (Storer) J. & G. 26943. Santa Barbara, California. I 27199. San Francisco, Callfomia. 27050. Monterey, California. | 27380. Santa Barbara, California. AULOEHYNCHID.^. 4*. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill. 27021. Monterey, California. ' GASTEROSTEIDiE. 5. Gasterosteus (aculeatus var.) cataphractust (Pallas) J. & G. 27284. Pugot Sound. 6. Gasterosteus microcephalus Grd. 7814. San Francisco, California. PLEUEONECTID^. 7. Aphoristia atricauda Jor. & Gilb. (TjTes.) 27896. San Diego, California. 8. Pleuronichthys verticalis Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26979. Monterey, California. j 27230. San Francisco, California. * Including Si/ngnathus dimidiatus Gill, t Gasterosteus serratus Ayres. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9. Pleuronichthys decurrens Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 2C978. Monterey, California. 10. Pleuronichthys ccsnosus Grd. 25025. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25049. "Wilmington, California. 26769. San Diego, California. 27056. Monterey, California. 11. Hypsopsetta guttulata (Grd.) GiU. 24871. San Diego, California. 24910. 26768. " I 27115. S.an Francisco, California. 27123. San Francisco, California. 27231. " " 27274. Pnget Sound. 27298. " 26841. San Pedro, California. 26902. Santa Barbara, California. 26938. " 12. Cynicoglossus pacificus Lockington. 27058. Monterey, California. I 27302. Paget Sound. 27228. San Francisco, Califomi.i. ' 13. Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington. 26985. Monterey, California. 27124. San Francisco, California. 14. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas, 22683. California. 24163. San Francisco, California. 24164. 26915. San Luis Obispo, California. 15. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayrcs) Gill. 27003. Monterey, California. 27117. San Francisco, California. 27210. Point Eeyes, California. 27059. Monterey, California. 27227. San Francisco, California. 27273. Puget Sound. 27299. Puget Sound. 16. Parophrys ischyrus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27266. Puget Sound. 17. Parophrys isolepis (Lock.) J. & G. (Types.) 26982. Monterey, California. 27116. San Francisco, California. 27229. 27301. Puget Sound, 27347. " 18. Parophrys vetulus Grd. 27057. Monterey, California. 27232. San Francisco, California. 19. Citharichthys sordidus (Grd.) Gthr. 24168. San Francisco, California. 27002. Monterey, California. 27120. San Francisco, California. 20. Psettichthys melanostictus Grd. 27000. Monterey, California. 27119. San Francisco, California. 27300. Puget Sound. 27233. San Francisco, California. 27325. Puget Sound. 27234. San Fr.incisco, California. 27348. Puget Sound. 21. Hippoglossoides exilis Jor. & Gilb (Types.) 27061. Monterey, California. | 27121. San Francisco, Colifomia. 26847. San Pedro, California.- 20930. Santa Barbara, California. 27061. Monterey, California. 27125. San Francisco, Califorma. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED ^ STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 22. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27062. Pnget Sound. ,27263. Paget Sonnd. 23. Hippoglossoides jordani Lockington. 26081. Monterey, California. ,27118. S.-n Francisco, California. 24. Paraliohthys maculosus Grd. 17063. Santa Barbara, California. 24813. San Diogo, California. 24874. " . •• 25079. Santa Barbara, California. 26767, San Diego, California. 25. Xystreurys liolepis Jor. & Gilb, (Types.) 26884. Santa Barbara, California. 26. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem. 27326. Straits of Fuca. (Skulls.) 27. Atheresthes stomias Jor, & Gilb, (Types.) 27122. Point Eeyes, California. , 27186. Point Eeyes. California. GADID^. 28. Merluoius productus (Ayres) Gill. 27010. Monterey, California. I 279oq q^T, v.-o „• o i-* . 97ifi7 a„„ 13^ • ^ ,.„ 'iiMd. ban Francisco, California.27167. San Francisco, California, | 27295. Puget Sound. 29. PoUachius ohalcogrammus (Pallas) J, & G. 27312. Puget Sound. 30. Gadus morrhua L. 27318. Puget Sound. 31. Microgadus proximus (Grd.) Gill. • 27183: ^"^^^fr'"'"'^'''^^?™'*- I 27317, Puget Sonnd. BROTULID.E. 32. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres) Gill. 27045. Point Eeyes, California, OPHIDIID^. 33. Ophidium taylori Grd. 7863. California. i anoM -««- x « ... 27130. San Francisco, California, j '' ^""^^^^^y. California, CONGROGADID^. 34. Soytalina cerdale Jor, & Gilb. (Types.) 27400. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ZOARCID^. 35. Lycodopsis pacificus Collett. 27143. Point Eeyes, California. | 27334. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. 36. Lycodopsis paucidens* (Lock.) Gill. 27142. Point Keyes, California. BLENNIID^. 37. Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayies. 23396. Ncah Bay, "SVasbington Territory. 27054. Monterey, C.ilifornia. 27149. San Francisco, California. 27194. San Francisco, California. 27272. Puget Sound. 38. Lnmpenus anguillaris (Pallas) Gill. 27154. Puget Sound. | 27258. Puget Sound. 39. Xiphister rupestris Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27001. Monterey, California. 1 27327. Cape Fl.attery, Washiagton Teirhory. 40. Xiphister mucosus (Grd.) Jor. 26999. Monterey, California. 1 27328. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. 41. Xiphister chirus J. & G. (Types.) 27175. Monterey, California. 1 27338. Puget Sound. 42. Cebedichthys violaceus Grd. 26998. Monterey, California. | 27392. San Francisco, California. 43. Anoplarchns alectrolophus (Pallas) J. & G. 27339. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. 44. Apodichthys fucorum Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26994. Monterey, CaUfomia. 45. Apodichthys flavidus Grd. 6674. California. 7334. San Francisco, California. 20328. California. 23408. Neah Bay, "Wa.shington Territory. 27163. San Francisco, California. 27193. 27335. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. 46. Muraenoides ornatust (Grd.) Gill. 27181. Puget Sound. I 27330. (Jape Flattery, "Washingion Territory. 27192. " I 47. Cremnobates integripinuis t Eosa Smith. 20347. San Diego, CaUfomia. | 27404. San Diego, California (types) 48. Gibbonsia elegaiis Cooper. 27037. Monterey, California. 1 27394. Monterey, California. 2T383. S:in Diego, Cabtomia. I 27416. San Diego, California. *Perhaps a form of the preceding. tMost of the specimens distributed belong to the form called Murccnoides Icetus (Cope). tProbably identical -witb Cremnobates monophthalmus Gthr. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49. Heterostichus rostratus Grd. 20570. California. 24996. "Wilmington, California. 25019. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25048. "Wilmington, California. 50. Neoclinus blanchardi Grd. 26883. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia. 26942. " " 26763. San Diego, California. 26890. Santa Barbara, California. 27:201. Monterey, California. 27179. Monterey, California. 51. Neoclinus satiricus Grd. 22334. Monterey, California. 52. Hypleurochilus gentiUs (Grd.) Gill. 26917. Santa Barbara, California. BATEACHID^. 53. Porichthys porosissimus (Cnv. & Val.) Gthr. 1 27040. Monterey, California. 26889. Santa Barbara, California. 27009. Monterey, California. 27063. " 54. Gobiesox reticulatus Grd. 27012. Monterey, California. 55. Liparis pulchellus Ayres. 27081. Monterey, California. I 27132. San Franciaco, California. 27200. " " I 27277. Paget Sound. GOBIESOCID^. I 27329. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. LIPARIDID^. AGONID^. 56. Brachyopsis verrucosus Lockington. (Types.) 27184. Point Eeyes, California. 57. Brachyopsis xyosteruus J. & G. (Types.) 27188. Point Eeyes, California. | 27395. Sequel, California. 58. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gill. 27332. Cape Flattery, "WasMngton Territory. COTTID^. 59. Ascelichthys rhodorus J. & G. (Types.) 27331. Cape Flattery, "Washington Territory. 60. Cottopsis gulosus Grd. 7817. San Francisco, California. 61. Cottopsis semiscaber Cope. 27414. Utali L.ike, Utah. I 27390. McCloud Kiver, California. 62. Cottopsis asper (Rich.) Grd. 3306. Puget Sound. 6052. 12903. Mare Island, California. 12966. " " 27145. Sacramento Eiver, California. 27268. Puget Sound. 27281. Columbia Kiver. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63. Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas. 27262. Puget Sound. 64. Artedius lateralis Grd. 23407. Neah Bay, "Waaliington Territory. ] 65. Artedius notospilotus Grd. 25037. Santa Barbara, California. 25082. " " 1 66. Artedius quadriseriatus Lockingtou. 27337. Cape Flattery, "WasMngton Territory. 268C5. Santa Barbara, California. 27146. Puget Sound. 26848. San Francisco, California. 67. Artedius pugetensis Steind. 27185. Poiat Reyes, California. 68. Hemilepidotus spinosus Ayres. 27011. Monterey, CaUfomia. 27052. " " I 27133. San Francisco, California. I 27238. Straits of Fuca. 27236. San Francisco, California. 27381. Monterey, California. 69. Hemilepidotus trachurus* (Pallas) Gthr. 24672. Neah Bay, Wasliington Territory. 70. Aspicottus bison Grd. 27261. Puget Sound. 71. Soorpserdclithys marmoratus Grd. 24142. San Francisco^ California. 25038. Santa Barbara, California. 25071. " " 72. Leptocottus armatus Grd. ' 24822. S.in Diego, California. 24862. " 24906. " " 73. Liocottus hirundo Grd. 26887. Santa Barbara, California. 74. Blennicottus globiceps (Grd.) GiU. 27336. Cape Flattery, Wasliington Territory. 75. Oligocottus maculosus Grd. 27177. Monterey, California. 76. Oligocottus analis Grd. 26761. San Diego, California. 27051. Monterey, Cahfomia. 77. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Gthr. 27240. Straits of Fuca. 78. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd. 27239. Straits of Fuca. 27053. Monterey, California. 27110. San Francisco, CaUfomia. 27350. Puget Sound. 27055. Monterey, California. 27147. San Francisco, California. 27267. Puget Sound. I 27333. Cape Flattery, Washington Territory. I 27415. San Diego, California. SCORP^NID^. 79. Scorpaena guttata Grd. 24982. Wilmington, CaUfornia. 24998. " 25026. Santa C.atalina Island, California. 26861. San Pedro, California. 26879. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia. * ' Hemilepidotus gibbii Gill; Temnistia ventricosa Eich. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 80. Sebastichthys nigrocinctus (Ayres) Gill. 2GD91. Monterey, California. | 27285. Puget Sound. 81. Sebastichthys seniceps Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 25005. San Pedro, California. I 27041. Monterey, California. 26918. Santa Barbara, California. I 27090. San Francisco, California, 82. Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres) Gill. 23397. Neah Bay, Washington Territory. 24674. " " 26986. Monterey, California. 27093. San Francisco, Colifomia. 27343. Puget Sound. 83. Sebastichthys chrysomelas Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 25076. Santa Barbara, California. I 26934. Santa B.orb.ara, California. 26S80. " " I 26968. Monterey, California. 84. Sebastichthys camatus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 24144. San Francisco, California. I 27098. San Fr.incisco, California. 26993. Monterey, California. I 85. Sebastichthys maliger Jor. &. Gilb. (Types.) 2002. Puget Sound. 26970. Monterey, California. 27091. San Francisco, California. 27208. San Francisco, California. 27309. PuKOt Sound. 86. Sebastichthys caurinus (Ricli.) J. & G. 27100. Puget Sound. | 27294. Puget Sound. 87. Sebastichthys vexUlaris Jor. Sc Gilb. (Types.) 26997. Monterey, California. | 27087. San Francisco, Cfilifomia. 88. Sebastichthys rastrelliger Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 25023. Santa Cataliua I.sland, California. 25053. San Pedro, California. 26908. Santa Barbara, California. 27033. Monterey, California. 27102. San Francisco, California. 89. Sebastichthys auriculatxis (Grd.) Gill. 15039. Mouth of Kussian Eiver, California. 1 26935. Santa Barbar.i, California. 15040. " " 27104. San Francisco, California. 26904. Santa Barbara, California. 1 27293 (var). Puget Sound. 90. Sebastichthys rubrivinctus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26989. Monterey, California. 91. Sebastichthys chlorostictus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26904. Monterey, California. I 27092. San Francisco, California. 92. Sebastichthys rhodochloris Jor. & Glib. (Types.) 26967. Monterey, California. I 2.7106. San Francisco, Cnlifornia. PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27089. San Francisco, California. 27211. " " 93. Sebastichthys rosaceus (Grd.) Lock. 24148. San Francisco, California. 24057. 26961. Monterey, California. 94. Sebastichthys constellatus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 24147. San Francisco, California. I 27086. San Francisco, California. 26963. Monterey, California. | 95. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Lock. 26962. Monterej^ California. I 27346. Puget Sound. 27097. San Francisco, California. | 96. Sebastichthys miniatus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26905. Monterey, California. 1 27213. San Francisco, California. 97. Sebastichthys pinniger (Gill) Lock. 23398. Neali Bay, Wasliington Territory. i 27099. San Francisco, California. 26966. Monterey, California. | 27344. Puget Sound. 98. Sebastichthys atrovirens Jor. & Gilb. (Types,) 24994. San Pedro, California. 25010. " " 25052. " 25054. 20870. Santa Barbara, California, 26903. 27032. Monterey, California. 27090. San Francisco, California. 99. Sebastichthys elougatus (Ayres) Gill. 26969. Monterey, California. | 27095. San Francisco, California. 100. Sebastichthys proriger Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 24658. San Francisco, California. I 27105. San Francisco, California. 26980. Monterey, California. | 101. Sebastichthys ovalis (Ayres) Lock. 27043. Monterey, California. 102. Sebastichthys entomelas Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27044. Monterey, California. 103. Sebastichthys mystinus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26971. Monterey, California. I 27085. San Francisco, California, 27031. " ' I 104. Sebastichthys ciliatus* (Tilesius) J. & G. 27255. Kodiak, Alaska. 105. Sebastichthys melanops (Grd.) Gill. 24609. Neah Bay, Washington Territory. I 27088. San Francisco, California. 27042. Monterey, California. I 27319. Puget Sound. 106. Sebastichthys flavidus (Ayres) Lock. 26984. Monterey, California. | 27101. San Francisco, California. 107. Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres) Gill. 26950. Santa Barbara, California. I 27094. San Francisco California. 26992. Monterey, California. | *Perca variabilis Pallas. 23400, $ .* Neali Bay, Washington Territory. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LABEID^. 121. Pseudojulis modestus (Grd.) Gtlir, 25030. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25041. Santa Barbara, California. 26882. 26937. Santa Barbara, California. 26977. Monterey, California. 27376. Santa Bai-bara, California. 122. Platyglossus semicinctus (Ayres) Gtlir. 25001. Wilmington, California. 123. Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) Gill. 25000. 'Wilniinston, California. 25078. Santa Barbara, California. 26869. Santa Barbara, Califonua. EMBIOTOCID^. 124. Hysterpcarpus traski Gibbons. 27013. Sacramento Kiver, California. 125. Abeona minima (Gibbons) Gill. 25085. Santa Barbara, California. 26774. San Diego, California. 26913. Santa Barbara, California. 126. Abeona aurora Jor. & Gilb. 27029. Monterey, California. 27078. 26996. Monterey, California. 127. Cymatogaster aggregatus* Gibbons, 26914. Santa Barbara, California. 27080. Monterey, California. 27165. Siin Francisco, California. 128. Brachyistius frenatus Gill. 26891. Santa B.arb.ar.a, California. (Types.) I 27155. San rrancisco, California. 27243. San Francisco, California. 27296. Puget Sound. 26990. Monterey, California. 129. Brachyistius rosaceus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27170. Point Eeyes, California. 130. Holconotus analis (A. Agassiz) J. & G. 27075. Monterey, California. 131. Holconotus argenteus (Gibbons) J. & G. 24836. S.in Diego, Califoraia. 24914. " " 25065. Santa Barbara, California. 25069. 132. Holconotus agassizii (Gill) J. & G. 27076. Monterey, California. 133. Holcctfiotus rhodoterust Ag. 26901. Siinta Barb.ara, California. 26933. 134. Amphistichus argenteus Ag. 24149. San Francisco, California. 25064. Santa Barbara, California. 25077. " 26895. Santa Barbara, California. 26912. 27073. Monterey, California. 27158. San Francisco, California. I 27157. San Francisco, California. 27074. Monterey, California. 27156. San Francisco, California. 26885. S.anta Barbara, California. 27083. Monterey, California. *Nos. 566, 567, 572, 17028, 17029, 17030, 17031, 17032, 17033, and 20340, sent out in previous distriba- tions under tbo name of "Holconotus rhodoterus Ag.," belong to Cymatogaster aggregatus. tSee note under Cymatogaster aggregatus. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11 135. Hypsurus caryi (L. Agass.) A. Agass. 26896. Santa Barbara, California. 26940. 27017. Monterey. California. 136. Ditrema jacksoni (Agass.) Gthi-. 24157. San Francisco, California. San Diego, California. 27079. Monterey, California. 27129. San Francisco, California. 24835. 24837. 24983. 25011. "Wilminffton, California. 25017. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25021. " " 25034. Santa Barbara California. 27014. Monterey, California. 27242. San i'rancisco, California. 137. Ditrema laterale (Agass.) Gthr. 24151. San Francisco, California. 24152. " " 27153. " " 26875. Santa Barbara, California. 138. Ditrema atripes Jor. & Gilb. 27028. Monterey, California 27310. Paget Sound. 27386. " 26987. Monterey, California. 139. Ditrema furcatum (Grd.) Gthr. 24831. San Diego, California. 26777. (Types.) 26877. Santa Barbara, California. 20988. Monterey, California. 140. Damalichthys argyrosomus (GrtL) J. & G. 6194. Puget Sound. 25067. Santa Barbara, California. 26894. 141. Rhacochilus toxotes Ag. 24154. San Francisco, California. 25012. Wilmington, CaUfomia. 26948. Santa Barbara, CaUfomia. 26954. Santa Barbara, California. 27018. Monterey, California, 27313. Puget Sound. 26949 (foetal). Santa Barbara, California. 27015. Monterey, California. SCI^NIDiE. 142. Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres) Gill. 26911. Santa Barbara, California. | 27152. 26972. Monterey, California. I 143. Corvina saturna (Grd.) Gthr. 24818. San Diego, California. I 26759. 25075. Santa Barbaia, California. | 26868. 144. Roncador s^earnsri (Steind.j J. & G. 25044. "Wilmington, California. I 26864. 26757. San Diego, California. San Francisco, California, San Diego, California. Santa Barbara, California. Santa Barbara, California 145. Umbrina xanti Gill. 26758. San Diego, California. I 26849. San Pedro, California. | 146. Menticirrus undulatiis (Grd.) Gill. 25073. Santa Barbara, California. I 26797. San Diego, California. I 147. Cynoscion nobile (Ayres) J. & G. 26855. San Pedro, California. 1 26876. Santa Barbara, California. | 148. Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres. 24817. San Dipgo, CaUfomia. 26872. Santa Barbara, California. 268.54. 26878. San Pedro, California. Santa Barbara, California. 27070. Monterey, California. I 26753. San Diego, California. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149. Seriphus politus Ayres. C657. CaUfornia. 26804. San Diego, California. 26955. Santa Barbara, California. 27153. San Francisco, California 27195. PIMELEPTERID^. 150. Girella nigricans (Ayres) Gill. 24987. Wilmington, California. 25008. 25072. Santa Barbara, California. 151. Scorpis californiensis Steind. 249T9. Santa Catalbaa Island, California. 24984. Wilmington, California. 26867. Santa Barbara, California. 26956. 27384. San Diego, California. 25009. Wilmington, California. 26850. San Pedro, California. PRISTIPOMATIDiE 152. Pristipoma davidsoni Steiud. 26853. San Pedro, California. SERRANID^. 26799. S.an Diego, California. 26851. San Pedro, California. 26886. Santa Barb.ara, California. 27046. Monterey, California. 153. Serranus clathratus (Grd.) Steind. 20571. California. 24985. San Pedro, CaUfornia. 25013. " " 25042. 25074. Santa Barbara, California. 154. Serranus nebulifer (Grd.) Steind 26754. San Diego, California. 155. Serranus maculofasciatus Steind. 24819. S.an Diego, California. 1 26755. San Diego, California. CENTRARCHIDiE. 156. Archoplites interruptus (Grd.) Gill. 27020. Sacr.amento Eiver, CaUfornia. | 27137. Sacramento Eiver, California. STROMATEID^. 157. Stromateus simillimus (Ayres) Gill. 26800. San Diego, California. 26910. Santa Barbar.a, California. 26959. " " 27077. Monterey, California, 27162. San Francisco, California. CARANGID^. 158. Trachurus plumieri (Lac.) J. & G. 26838. S.an Pedro CaUfornia. 26909. Siinta Barb.ara, California. 159. Seriola lalandi Cuv. & Val. 26835. San Pedro, California. 27377. Santa Barbara, California. SCOMBRID^. 160. Orcynus alalonga (Gmelin) Risso. 26873. Santa Barbara, California. 161. Sarda chilensis (C. & V.) J. & G. 25031. San Diego, California. I 26874. Santa Barbara, California. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13 162. ScomberomoruB concolor (Lock.) J. & G. 27205. Soquel, Calilbruia. AMMODYTID^. 163. Ammodytes personatus Grd. 27025. Monterey, California. | 27084. ilonterey, California. sphyej<:nid^. 164. Sphyraena argeutea Grd. 2500.3. San Pedro, California. I 26939. Santa Barbara, California. 26900. Santa Barbara, California. I 27379. " " ATHERINID^. 165. Atheiinopsis californiensis Grd. 24132. Sau Francisco, California. I 26764. San Diego, California. 248G9. San Diego, Cilifornia. | 26923. Santa Barbara, California. 166. Atherinops afBnis (Ayrea) Steind. 25006. Wilmington, California. | 25083. Santa Barbara, C-ilifomip.. 25035. Santa Barbara, California. | 27202. San I'rancisco, California. 166. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) J, & G. 26766. San Diego, California. MUGILID^. 168. Mugil mexicaiius Steind. 26924. Santa Barbara^ California.24827. San Diego, California. 24888. 26796. 27148. San Francisco, California. SCOMBRESOCIDJi:. 169. Tylosurus exilis (Grd.) J. & G. 2675G. San Diego, California. 170. Scombresox brevirostris Peters. 8885. Monterey Bay, California. , 171. Hemirhamphus rosee Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 24917. San Diego, California. " | 26790. San Diego, California. 172. Exocoetus californicus Cooper. 26832. San Pedro, California. | 26907. Santa Barbara, California. CYPKINODONTID.ZE. 173. Cyprinodon califomiensis Grd. 27373. San Diego, California. 174. Fundulus parvipiniiis Grd. 26941. Santa Barbara, California. SCOPELID^. 175. Syuodus lucioceps (Ayres) Gill. 26881. Santa Barbara, Callfomia. 127182. San FranciaCO, California, 27072. Monterey, California. I 14 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SALMONID^. 176. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres. 27019. . Monterey, California. | 27136. San Francisco, Califomi<». 177. Osmerus attenuatus Lockington. 27204. San Francisco, California. 178. Hypomesus olidus (Pallas) Gill. 27150. San Francisco, California. | 27276. Paget Sonnd. 179. Thaleichthys pacificus (Eich.) Grd. 20567. Columbia River, Oregon. | 27297. Frazer's Elver, British Colnmbia. 180. Salvelinus malma (Walb.) J. & G. 27264. Puget Sound. 181. Salmo purpuratus Pallas {Salmo clarTci Eich.). 27259. Paget Sound. I 27360. XJtali Lake, Utah. 182. Salmo purpuratus, suhsp. henshawi GUI «& Jordan. 24139. Lake Tahoe. 183. Salmo irideus Ayres. 26795. San Luis Kiver, C.ilifomia. i 27356. Monterey, Callfoniia. 27207. Sacr.imento Eiver, California. | 184. Salmo gairdneri Rich. 27218. Columbia Kiver. 185. Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) Gill «& Jor. 24673. Neah Bay, "Washington Territory. i 27288. Frazer's River, British Columbia. 27220. San Fr.ancisco, California. | 186. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. 27006. Puget Sound. 27250. Sacramento Eiver, CalLfomia. 27260. Puget Sound. 2728D. Frazer's Kiver, British Colnmbia. 27315. Puget Sound. 187. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. (Salmo quinnnt Eich.). 27039. Monterey, C.ilifomia. 27275. Puget Sonnd. 270G7. " " 27287. Frazer's Kiver, British Columbia. 27217. " " 27304. Columbia River. 27237. Sacramento Eiver. 27316. Puget Sound. 188. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jor. 27303. Columbia River. ENGRAULIDID^. 189. Stolephorus rlngens (Jenyns) J & G. 24824. San Diego, California. 24919. " " 26784. " 26958. Santa Barbara, California. 27187. San Francisco, California. 190. Stolephorus delicatissimus (Grd.) J. & G. 24870. San Diego, California. | 26786. San Diego, California. 191. Stolephorus compressus (Grd.) J. & G. 26785. San Diego, California. | 26862. Sim Pedro, California. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 CLUPEID^. 192. Clupea sagaz Jenyns, 24820. San Diego, California. 24857. 24886. 26957. Santa Barbara, California. 27140. San Francisco, California. 27378. Santa Barbara, California. 193. Clupea mirabilis Grd. 24865. San Diego, California. | 27351. Paget Sound. 194. Albula vulpes (L.) Goode. 26789. San Diego, California. ALBULID^. CYPEINID^. 195. Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres) Grd, 2042. Puget Sound. | 27139. Sacramento Eiver. 196. Albunius balteatus (Eicli, ) Jor. 2082. Puget Sound. | 27341. Frazer's Eiver, British Columbia. 197. Squalius gibbosus (Ayies) J. & G. {Siboma crassicauda Grd.). 27141. Sacramento River, California. 198. Squalius atrarius (Grd.) Jor. 27407. Utah Lake, Utah. 199. Squalius rhomaleus Jor. & Gilb. (Type8.) 27364. Utah Lake, Utah. 200. Squalius cruoreus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27408. Utah Lake, Utah. 201. Squalius copei Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27409. Bear Eiver, Evanston, "Wyoming. 202. Squalius alicice Jouy. (Types. 27412. Utah Lake, Utah. 203. Squalius taenia (Cope) Jor. 27410. Utah Lake, Utah. 204. Squalius montauus (Cope) Jor. 27411. Utah Lake, Utah. 205. Ptychochilus oregonensis (Rich.) Ag. 24128. Sacramento Eiver, California. 27244. " " 27291. Columbia Eiver, Oregon. 27352. Columbia Eiver, Oregon. 27389. Paget Sound. 206. Ptychochilus harfordi Jor. «&. Gilb. (Tjpes.) 27246. Sacramento Eiver, CaUfomia. 207. Apocope vulnerata Cope. 27413. Utah Lake, Utah. IG PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 208. Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres) J. & G. 27134. Sacramento River, California. 209. Mylochilus caurinus (Rich. ) Ag. 27271. Paget Sound. I 27342. Frazer's River, British Colvimbia. 27283. Columbia River. I 210. Mylopharodon conocephalus Ayres. 27245. Sacramento River, California. CATOSTOMID^. 211. Chasmistes liorus Jor. & Gilb. 27361. trtah Lake, Utah. 212. Catostonius fecundus Cope & Yarrow. 273(i2. TJtah Lake, Utah. 213. Catostonius ardens Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27363. Utah Lake, Utah. 214. Catostomus occidentalis Ayres. 27131. Sacramento River, California. 215. Catostomus macrochilus Grd. 27200. Columbia River. SILURIDiE. 216. Amiurus catus (L.) Gill. 27144. Sacramento River, California (iatroduced) . «^ MURiENID^. 217. Muraena niordax Ayres. 24991. Wilmington, California. I 23022. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25004. " " I 26S01. San Diego, California. ACIPENSERID^. 218. Acipenser transiuoutanus Ricli. 27065. Sacramento River, California. | 27269. Frazer's River, British Columbia. 219. Acipenser medirostris Ayres. 27223. San Francisco, California. CHIM^RID^. 220. Chimaera colliaei Beunett. 26976. Monterey, California. I 27311. Puget Sound 27226. San Francisco, California. I MYLIOBATID^. 221. Myliobatis caKfornicus Gill, 24815. San Diego, Cilifornia. I 26892. Santa Barbara, California. 26781. " " 27256. San Francisco, California. 26840. San Pedro, California. I PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17 TEYGONIDiE. 222. Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper. 2C770. San Diogo, California. I 20929. Santa Barbara, California. * 223. Dasybatus dipterurus Jor & Gilb. (Types.) 20782. San Diego, California^ 224. Urolophus halleri Cooper. 24834. San Diego, California. [ 26834. San Pedro, California. 25024. Sin Pedro, California. 2G788. San Diego, California. 2C925. Santa Barbara, California. EAIID^. 225. Raia binoculata Girard {Eaia cooperi Girard). 21583. Washington Territory. I 27257. Puget Sound. 27159. San Francisco, California. I 226. Raia rhina Jor. & Gilb. (Types. ; 27007. Monterey, California. | 27292. Pnget Sound. 227. Raia inomata Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 241G1. San Francisco, California. i 27216. San Francisco, California. 26974. Monterey, California. | 27252 (egg). " " 228. Raia inornata subsp. inermis Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26926. Santa Barbara, California. 229. Raia stellulata Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26975. Monterey, California. EHINOBATID^. 230. Zapteryx exasperatus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 25050. San Diego, California. 231. Rhinobatus triseriatus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 26773. San Diego, California. I 26893. Santa B.arbara, C.aUfornia. 26836. San Pedro, California. | 232. Rhinobatus productus Ayres. 24826. San Diego, CaHfomia. I 26852. San Pedro, California. 26772. " " 126905. Santa Barbiia, California. TOEPEDINID^. 233. Torpedo californica Ayres. 27212. Soqucl, California (Monterey Bay). SQUATINID^. 234. Squatina angelus Dum^ril. 26920. Santa Barbara, California. Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 2 April 13, 188 1. 18 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SPINACID^. 235. Squahis acanthias L. 2638. California. I 27305. Pugct Sound. 6675. " I CESTEACIONTID^. 236. Heterodontus francisci (Grd.) Gill. 24816. San Diego, California. 24997. Wilmington, California. 25020. Santa Citalina Island, California. 867«i0, San Piego, California. 26803 (eggs). San Diego, California. 26846. San Pedro, California. 26928. Santa Barbara, California. NOTIDANIDiE. 237. Notorhynchus maculatus Ayres. 27191. Humboldt Bay. 238. Hexanchus corinus Jor. & Gilb. (Types.) 27196. Sequel, California. . SCYLLIIDiE. 239. Catulus ventriosus (Garman) J. & G. 25027. Santa Catalina Island, California. 25055. Santa Barbara, California. 25062. 25084. " 208C6. Santa Barbara, California. 20951 (egg). " 27251. Soqnel, California. GALEOEHINIDiE. 240. Mustelu^inntilus (Blainv.) J. &- G. 24833. San Diego, C.-difomia. 1 26856. S.an Pedro, California. 26771. " " I 26906. Santa Birbar.a, California. 241. Rhinotriacis henlei Gill. 27026. lilonterey, California. I 27189. San Francisco, California. 242. Triads semifasciatus Grd. 25039. Santa Barbara, California. I 20921. Santa Barbara, Califomiia 25081. " " I 243. Galeorhinus galeus (L.) Blainv. 20927. Santa Barbara, California. | 27190. San Francisco, California. 2G973. Monterey, California. 1 27391 " " CETORIIINID^. 244. Cetorhinus maximus (L.) Blainv. 27024. (Teeth and gill-rakers). Monterey, California. MYXINID^. 545. Polistotrema dombeyi (Miillerj Gill. 26995. Monterey, California. .United States I^TATiONiU. Museum, January 14, 18S1, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19 1>E!<«€RIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SQVAK.IU8 ($^<{IJAI.IU8 AI.I- CI.X:), FROiTE UTAH I^AKF. By PIERKE LOUIS JOUY. Squalius aliciae, sp. nov. Allied to Tujoma iniermcdia Giiard. Body elougate, compressed posteriorly, the back gradually elevated from tlie snout to the dorsal. Dorsal and ventral outline similar. Greatest depth of body (at ventrals) equal to length of head. Lateral line comj)lete, slightlj^ decurved. Head short, rather stout, its breadth equalling three-fifths its length, which is 44 in the total without caudal. Snout rounded, jaws equal, maxillaries reaching to the vertical from the anterior margin of the orbit. Eye moderate, its diameter contained four times in the lepgth of the head. Scales minute, 18-80-15, of about equal size. The pectoral fin does not reach to the ventral, and equals the length of the head. 2[easurements.—Length to base of caudal, .067""™ ; head, .010'"'" ; depth at ventrals, .OIG™'" ; diameter of orbit, .001'"" ; mandible, .OOo-^"' ; inter- orbital spa(;e, .0055'"'"; breadth of head, .009™'"; pectoral, .016"'"; long- est dorsal ray, .014'"" ; longest ventral ray, .OlO""" ; longest anal ray, .011""". Caudal broken. Eadial lormuhij: D. I, 8; A. I, 8; V. I, 7 ; P. 15. Teeth, 2, 4-5, 1 ; strongly' hooked, apparently withoift masticatory surface. Color dark plumbeous above, with a median band of steel-blue extend- ing along the sides of the body from the head to the caudal fin. Below the lateral line i^inkish; cheeks silvery. Five specimens, collected in Utah Lake by Prof. D. S. Jordan, are numbered in the United States National Museum 27412. United States National Museum, January 14. 1881. BESCKHPTIOIV OF A NE^V ClOBKOID FffSH (OTHONOPS EOS), FROITI SAIV I>IEC;0, €Al>IFOKNIA. By ROSA SMITH. Othonops eos, gen. et sp. nov. One specimen of this interesting fish was collected for me by Mr. G. W. Dunn at Point Loma, San Diego County, California. It is found under large stones, and is of a bright pink color in life, fading to a dull yellowish white in spiiits. This species is most closely related to Crys- taUogohius nilssoni (Diib. & Kor.) Gill [Gohiosoma niIsso7ii Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. iii, 80), a species found on the coast of Norway, 20 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. from wliicb it is distiuguisbed generically by tbe obsolete eyes, and spe- cifically by the characters given in tbe following description: Body elongate, posteriorly mncb compressed, not mucb depressed anteriorly. Head depressed, witb tbe cleft of tbe montb nearly hori- zontal and one-half tbe length of the bead, the maxillary reaching a vertical line drown across tbe i^robable position of tbe eye. Eyes invis- ible, covered by tbe skin; snout rounded; the jaws equal, or very nearly so, tbe lower jaw in a r^reserved specimen seeming to be very slightly produced. Both nostrils are provided with a flap. A narrow band of villiform teeth in each jaw. Tbe gill-membrane is united to the isthmus, and tbe branchial cleft is equal in length to tbe distance between the first and second dorsal fins, or one -tenth of tbe length (from snout to base of caudal). A groove has its origin immediately in advance of first dorsal and extends medially nearly to tip of snout. The fii-st dorsal fin is composed of two flexible sjiines, and is equidis- tant between the snout and the base of the caudal fin ; the insertion of tbe second dorsal is not much in advance of vent, while the insertion of tbe anal is opposite tbe fifth ray of tbe soft dorsal ; tbe last rays of tbe posterior dorsal are slightly longer than its anterior one, and the fin terminates opposite tbe anal, which is similar to tbe soft dorsal. A very small anal j^apilla may be seen. Vertical fins low; caudal small, pointed; ventrals forming a disk, which is not adherent to the belly ; pectorals like the caudal in form, their free tips extending beyond the ventrals, though not approximating the first dorsal, and very remote from tbe vent. Body entirely smooth, wholly free from scales, tubercles, or asperities of any kind. Tbe type specimen has been presented to tbe Kational Museum, where it is numbered 27466. This species is doubtless tbe type of a distinct genus, which may be called Othonops {ch'}t'r>rj, veil; w^'-, eye). This genus is distinguished from GrystalJofjohhis by the concealed eyes, these organs being large and conspicuous in C. nilssoni^ and possibly also by the absence of tbe sexual differences in dentition, so marked in Crystallofiohius, the male of C. nilssoni being provided with strong canines. Tbe remaining genera of Gohiinw have five or more dorsal spines, except Benthophilus, which, witb three dorsal spines, has the skin verrucose. Since the above was in type three more specimens have been obtained at the same locality, the measurements of the largest of which are included in tbe table below. On examination of this specimen, 2f inches in length, I find further characteristics. In this examjile, tbe fins are better preserved and show their normal form, tbe caudal and pectoral being rounded tbe pointed appearance of those fins on the type sx^ecimen probably having been caused by PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 their becoming; slirivelled and dry before immersion in alcohol, the pres- ent individual having been j^laced in spirits when alive. On the under side of the head the skin (in a preserved specimen) lies in irregular folds, which conform generally to the outline of the lower jaw, the outer folds reaching the gill-opening. Between the lower lip and these folds there is a series of papilhe, which has its origin a short distance behind the corner of the mouth, the series being slightly sepa- rated close behind the symphysis of lower jaw by two small, rounded flaps. The papillae number about fourteen on either side of the flaps. On the sui^erior surface of the snout, extending posteriorly half as far as the termination of the maxillary, the skin is finely wrinkled, and there is on either side a conspicuous flap, which seems to conceal a nostril. The skin on the top of the head posterior to the wrinkled snout is smooth and adherent to the muscles. Cheeks tumid. This species has the habit of burrowing into the sand on the removal of the stone covering it, and in one instance a lively individual buried itself in the sand a second time. It is of a clear pink color, shading into yellow on the tail, and has a semi-transparent apj)earance in life. Measurements. Locality. Point Loma, San Point Loni'i, San Diego, Cal. Diego, Cal. Extreme lengtli LeDiith to base of caudal fin Body : Greatest height Greatest witith Greatest circumference » Heigiit at base of ventrals li'ast height of caudal peduncle Length of caudal peduncle . Head Greatest length Greatest width Width of interorbital area {ca.) Branchial cleft, Distance fiom snout to probable location of eyes Dorsal: Distance from snout Height at last spine Length of base Anal: Distance from snout Length of base Caudal : L'ngth of middle rays Pectoral : Distance from snout Length Ventrah Distance from snout Length Dorsal Anal Inches and lOOths. 2.25 2.00 lOOtbs Inches ' lOOths of I and I of length. lOOtlis. lensth. 19 13 48 14 10 10 28 17 13.5 10 12 50 10 23.5 70 IG 32 14 29 14 II, 11 Cor 7 2.75 2.38 15 CO 17 94 6 27 18 30 154 San Diego, Cal., January 18, 1881. 22 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. OIV A DUCK IVEIV TO THE IVORTH AMERICAIV FAUNA. By ROBEKT KIDGWAY. About nine years since (February 2, 1872), Mr. George A. Boardman, of Calais, Maine, sent to the Smithsonian Institution a mounted specimen of a duck obtained in Fulton Market, New York City, and supposed to have been shot on Long Island Sound, which he was unable to determine sat- isfactorily, but which he supposed to be a hybrid between the Eed- head {JEthyia americana) and some other species. The specimen was in immature i^lumage, with the feathers of the first livery much worn, while those of the new moult, which were generally interspersed, indi- cated a very different garb when the moult should have been completed. At the time the specimen was received at the Smithsonian, I (also sup- posing it to be a hybrid) made comparisons with nearly, if not quite, all the American species of ducks, but was unable to get the slightest clue to its parentage. It was then put back in the case and not again thought of until a few days ago, when in removing the specimens with a view to their rearrangement I happened to take the one in question in one hand and an adult female of the European Rufous-crested Duck {FuUgida ric- fina) in the other; and having the two thus in a very favorable position for comparison, I at once perceived a striking similarity in general appearance and in the form of the bill, which induced me to extend the examination to an adult male, the result being that no question remained of the bird in question being an immature male of F. rufina, a species hitherto not detected in North America. I have written to Mr. Boardman requesting full particulars as to circumstances and date of capture, but have been unable to elicit any further particulars than those given above. As the species has never been described in any work on North Amer- ican birds, I give below a description of the three stages represented in the collection of the United States National Museum, as well as of the downy young, the latter quoted from Dresser's "Birds of Europe"; also, the principal synonyms and references, compiled from the leading European authorities. Genus FULIGULA, Stephens.* "Branta," BoiE, Isis, 1822, 564 (type Anas rvfitia, Pall.); not of SCOPOLI, 1769. Fuligula, Stephens, Gen. Zool. xii. 1824, 187 (type Anas rufina, Pall.). Metta, Kaup, Nat. Syst. 1829, 102 (same type). CalUchen, Brehm, Vog. DeutscM. 1831, 921 (same type). Mergoides, Eyton, Cat. Brit. B. 1836, 57 (same type). Chae.—Similar to Fulix, but the bill decidedly broader at the base than at any other part, gradually narrowing toward the end, which has "Some recent authorities have, with apparently a not very particular regard for structural characters, used the generic term Fuligula for the entire group of lobe- halluxed river-ducks, or those which have usually been assigned to the genera Fuligula, Fulix, and zElhi/ia. But Anas rufina. Pall., upon which the genus Fuligula of Stephens PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23 a large and very broad nail ; maxilla very mucli depressed terminally, its dei^tli at the base of the nail being only about one-fourth that at the extreme base. Male with the head rufous, the pileum ornamented with a very full, soft tuft or bushy crest, occupying the whole top of the head. FULIGULA RUFiNA (Pall.) Stephens. The Rufous-crested Duclc. Anas rufina, Pall. It. ii. App. 1773, 731, No. 28.—Gmel. S. N. i. 1788, 541. Branta rufina, BoiE, Isis, 1822, 564. — Gray, Cat. Brit. B. 1883, 198. Faligida rufina, Steph. Geu. Zool. xii. 1824, 188. — Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxii. Oct. 1873. Nelta rufina, Kaup, Nat. Syst. 1829, 102. Platypus rufinus, Brehm, Yog. Deutsclil. 1831, 922. CalUchen rufinus, Brehm, t. c. 924. Mergoides rufina, Eyx. Rar. Brit. B. 1836, 57. Aytluja rufina, Macgill. Man. Brit. B. 1846, 191. CalUchen ruficeps, Brehm, t. c. 922. CalUchen subrufmus, Brehm, t. c. 924. CalUchen micropus, Brehm, t. c. 925. CalUchen rufescens, Brehji, Vogelfang, 1855, 379. Bed-crested Pochard, Selby, Brit. Orn. ii. 350. — Dresser, I. c. Bed-crested Whistling Duck, Yarrell, Brit. B. ed. 2, iii. 327, fig.; ed. 3, iii. 329, fig. — Gray, I. c. Hab.—Southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, and India; occasional in northern and central Euro^ie, and casual in the British Islands; accidental in eastern U. S. (Kew York market, lioardman; spec, in U. S. Nat. Mus.). Adult ^ (57207, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Hungary, W. Schliiter).—Head and upijer half of the neck delicate j)inkish cinnamon, or vinaceous-rufous, the full, soft crest (occupying the entire pileum) paler and less reddish, the feathers light buff at tips ; lower half of the neck (including a nar- row strii)e which extends up the nape to the occiput), jugulum, breast, abdomen, anal region, crissum, upper tail-coverts, and rump brownish black, deepest on the neck and jugulum, and with a decided dark-green gloss on the upper tail-coverts. Back and scapulars uniform light umber-drab or isabella-color; wing-coverts and tertials brownish gray; siieculum white basally, changing gradually into pale grayish, then suc- ceeded by a rather broad subterminal bar of dusky, the tip narrowly and abruptly white; four outer jirimaries with outer ends dusky; inner quills pale ashy, with broad dusky ends; tail dull dark grayish. A broad bar or transverse patch across anterior scapular region, anterior border of the wing, lining of the wing, axillars, and a very large patch was based, is quite a diiferent type from Fulix (formally restricted to F. marila aud its allies by Professor Baird, in 1858) and JEthyia, and should, in my opinion, be sepa- rated generically. The first use of the term Branta in a generic sense was by Scopoli in 1769 (for Anser hcrnicla, L., A. moschata, L., A. iorrita, L., A. alhifrons, L. a very heterogeneous assemblage, which invalidates its subsequent employment unless restricted to one or another of the species named by Scopoli not already been supplied with a generic name, of which, however, there appears to be none not thus provided. 24 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. covering tlie flanks and fjosterior half of the sides, pure white. " Bill bright vermilion-red, the tip white ; irides reddish brown ; legs orange- red. Total length 21 inches." (Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xxii.) Wing, 10.20 ; culmen, 2.00 ; tarsus, 1.50 -, middle toe, 2.25. Adult 9 (57209, U. S. Nat. Mus.j Hungary, W. Schliiter).—Crest much less developed than in the male, light hair-brown, this color descending to the level of the lower border of the eye, and posteriorly continuing in a narrow strijje down the nape ; rest of the head and neck very pale ashy, as are also the lower parts in general; jugulum, sides, and flanks light raw-umber brown, the tips of the feathers lighter; anal region and crissum uniform light drab, the latter whitish terminally. Upper parts in general umber-drab (the wings being more brownish than in the (^ ), darker on the rumj) ; white patch at base of scapular region wholly ob- solete, and white border to the wing indistinct ; si)eculum pale ashy, becoming gradually dull white basally, and brownish dusky subter- minally, and with a narrow white terminal margin as in the c? . " Eyes hazel ; beak blackish, with a pink tip, a portion of the lower mandible being yellowish pink ; legs and feet pinkish, webs blackish." (Dresser, I. c.) Wing, 9.90 ; culmen, 1.90 ; tarsus, 1.50 ; middle toe, 2.20. Immature ^ (G1957, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; vicinity of New York City, Feb., 1872, G. A. Boardman).—Similar in general appearance to the adult $ , as described above, but crest much less developed (the tips of the feathers much worn) and decidedly more reddish in color ; sides and under parts of head thickly interspersed with cinnamon-colored feathers (new moult) ; the jugulum, breast, and posterior under parts also mixed with black feathers, indicating the approaching adult livery ; white patch at base of scapidar region plainly indicated, and broad white border to anterior portion of the wing very distinct; speculum much as in the 9, lacking the distinct subterminal dusky bar of the adult cf • Wing, 9.80 ; culmen, 1.80; tarsus, 1.50; middle toe, 2.15. ''"Young in down (fide Baldamus, Cab. Journ. 1870, 280).—Differs from every other duck in this plumage that I know in having a double olive gray strii^e from the lores, dividing before the eye, and bordering the yellowish-gray eyebrow above and the cheeks and auriculars below; upper parts, crown from the base of the bill, nape, back, and wings dull olive-gray, excepting the spot on the shoulder, which, with the rest of the body, is pale yellowish gray ; iris dark brown ; bill reddish brown, with the nail white ; feet ash-gray, with a greenish tinge, webs and toes narrowly edged with yellowish white." (Dresser, I. c.) PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25 OIV AMAZ11.IA YUCATAIVEN8IS (CABOT) AIVD A. CEBVIIVIVEIVTKIS, OOtJJLD. By ROBERT RIDOIVAY. In compiliug the synonymy of Amazilia cerviniventrls, in volume i of these Proceedings (pp. 148, 149), I united this si)ecies with A. yucatanemis (Cabot), on the strength of Mr. D. G. Elliot's opinion (see note on p. 149) that they were the same. The editors of " The Ibis," however, in that journal for April, 1879, p. 208, dissent from this determination, and sug- gest that "a comparison of the Texan specimens with Mexican exam- ples of A. cerviiiiventns and this type [Cabot's type of yucatanensis] would be satisfactory, as Mr. Gould has always asserted that A. yuca- tanensis and A. cerviniventris are distinct species". Through Dr. Cabot's kindness I have been able to make a direct comparison of his type of yucatanensis and the Texan specimens, so called by me, and find that they are indeed quite distinct species, the latter being A. cerviniventris of Gould, and exactly like examples of that species Irom eastern Mexico. A. yucatanensis is much darker colored throughout than A. cervini- ventris, the green above inclining decidedly to coppery bronze, while the broad tips and margins to the rectrices are deep violet-dusky, in- stead of greenish or bronzy, little, if any, tinged with violet. The most important difference, however, consists in the coloration of the lower I)arts, the green of the jugulum ending very abruptly or giving place immediately to the deep cinnamon-rufous of the entire under surface, excepting the femoral tufts, which are white, as in other species of the genus. In A. cerviniventris, on the other hand, the green of the jugulum invades bolh the breast and sides, in the form of a more or less dis- tinct spotting (which, however, grows gradually fainter posteriorly), the feathers of the breast and sides being light green bordered with pale cinnamon. The cinnamon-color of the belly, etc., is also very much paler than in A. yucatanensis^ in which the tint is even rather deeper than in A. cinnamomea. The following comparative diagnoses express more succinctly the dif- ferential characters of the two species : A. YUCATANENSIS.—Above greenish bronze, changing to coppery; ends and edges of rectrices dark violet-dusky; green of the jugu- lum giving way immediately and very abruptly to the deep cin- namon-rufous of the breast, sides, etc. A. CERVINIVENTRIS.—Above metallic grass-green, varying to bronze-green in certain lights; ends and edges of rectrices greenish bronze, or dull bronze, rarely tinged with violet; green of the jugulum invading the breast and sides, in the form of more or less distinct spots, growing gradually fainter posteriorly, the remainder of the under parts much paler cinnamon. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The measurements of tlie two species appear to vary but little, the four examples of A. cerviniventris now before me ranging in length of wing from 2.15 to 2.30 inches, while the tyjjeof A. yucatanensis measures 2.20 ; the length of tail in the latter is 1.60, and in the former series varies from 1.50 to 1.70. The culmen ranges from .70 to .80 in cervini- ventrisy bat the bill of the tyi^e of yucatanensis is unfortunately broken, so that its length cannot be ascertained. A. cerviniventris appears to be exclusively an eastern species (as are also A. yucatanensis and A. fuscicaudata), its habitat extending from southeastern Texas to Vera Cruz, and perhaps also to Yucatan, since Mr. Elliot (Synopsis, p. 219) states that he "can perceive no difference between Mexican and Yucatan si)ecimens". The A. cinnamomea appears to be wanting from eastern Mexico, but in the collection of the Ii^ational Museum are specimens from Mazatlan, Tehuantepec, and Yucatan, be- sides San Salvador and Nicaragua, though Mr. Elliot gives only " Guat- emala and Costa Eica" as its habitat. UESCRIIPTIOIVS OF NEW SPECIES OF FISHES (rRAlVIB>EA ITIAR- GINATA, POTAIWOCOTTUS BENDIBEI) AND OF MYCTOPHUM €BE]VlIIiAKE J. AND G. By TARI.ETON H. BEAN. The first two species here mentioned as undescribed formed part of a collection received from Capt. Charles Bendire, U. S. A. Several other species received at the same time are retained for study and comparison with fuller material promised from the same source. The Myctoplium was obtained by Mr. W. H. Dall, in the Pacific, off Puget Sound. TTranidea marginata, n. s. 24197; 9 specimens; tributaries of Walla Walla Eiver; Capt. Charles Bendire, U. S. A. B. VI ; D. VII-VIII, 18-19 ; A. 15-14 |; V. I, 3 ; P. 13-14 ; C. 14-15. This species is allied to Cottus cognatus Eich., but differs from that species in having the vent nearer to the insertion of the caudal than to the snout, while the origin of the anal falls in the vertical from the third dorsal ray instead of the sixth, as in Eichardson's species. The ventral has 1 spine and 3 rays (C cognatus has 1 spine and 4 rays). The longest pectoral rays are shorter than the head (equal to the head in cognatus). Head broad, slightly depressed, its greatest length contained a little more than 3 times in length of body without caudal (4 times in total length) ; distance from tip of snout to eye equals length of eye, which is ^ of length of head. Vomerine teeth; none on the palatines. Body stout anteriorly, moderately comi)ressed posteriorly, its height at origin of first dorsal equal to its width at the same place, and contained 4i times in length of body without caudal; the least width of the caudal peduncle PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 less than ^ its height. The distance between the eyes equals ^ of their long diameter. The maxilla extends to the vertical through the end of the anterior third of the orbit. The preoperculum has a short, broad, rather blunt spine at its angle and a much smaller one on its lower limb ; between these two the margin in some specimens is creuulated, some- times forming an additional blunt spine. The preopercular spines are all hidden under the skin. The distance of the first dorsal from the snout is contained 2§ times in length of body without caudal; its longest spine is ^ as long as the head ; the length of its base is contained 5 times in length of body with- out caudal, 6 times in total length; the length of the second dorsal base is ^ of total length. The length of the anal base is ^ of length without caudal. The length of the ventral is contained from 6 to Ci times in the total length. The length of the pectoral is ^ of length of body without caudal. The colors have faded, but the ground color seems to be plumbeous, with occasional blotches of darker. The fins are more or less distinctly puhctulated. The first dorsal is darker than the body and has a distinct white margin. • Potamocottus Bendirei, n. s. The type of this species, catalogue Ko. 24190, was collected by Capt. Charles Bendire, U. S. A., in Eattlesnake Creek, near Camx) Harney, Oregon, May 2, 1878. I take pleasure in dedicating the species to this excellent collector and observer, who has contributed so much to the Museum. Description.—The length of the type is 2.7 inches (09'^^'^) to base of caudal. The greatest height of the body at the origin of the dorsal equals its greatest width over the base of the pectorals, and is con- tained nearly 4 times in its length without caudal. The least height of the tail is ^^ of the length without caudal. The length of the middle caudal rays is contained 4.J times in length of body.* Width of the mouth equals ^ the length of the head. The maxillary extends a little Dehind the front margin of the eye. The snout is as long as the eye. The distance between the eyes is less than their diameter, and is contained 5 times in the length of the head; the diameter of the eye 4 times. The length of the lower jaw equals ^ the length of the head. Preoperculum armed with 4 spines; the largest is at the angle, and is about ^ as long as the eye ; the 3 anterior ones are very small and hidden by the skin. The distance ot the spinous dorsal from the snout is ^ of the length of the body ; the length of the longest spine of the first dorsal is about ^ of that of the head and about I of the longest dorsal ray. The longest dorsal and anal rays are equal. The length of the anal base almost equals the length of the liead. The length of the second dorsal base is a little greater than the length of the head. * Lengtli of body here means length without caudal. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The pectorals reach to the origin of the anal j ventrals do not reach to the vent. Yomeriue and palatine teeth present. Skin smooth. Radial formula: B. VI; D. VIII, 16; A. 12; V. I, 3; P. 15; C. 15. Color; Uniform darlt brown above, lighter on the throat and belly. Myctophum crenulare, J. & G. The museum lias an additional specimen of this species, which was washed aboard a United States Coast Survey vessel commanded by Mr. William H. Dall, in N. lat. 49o, W. long. 151°. It was collected by Mr. W. G. nail. The specimen is numbered 23945 in the National Museum Fish Catalogue. Description.—D. 1, 11; A. 1, 16; P. 13; V. 7; scales 2^-45-6J. The basis of comparison for the measurements of different parts of the body is the total length without caudal. The greatest height of the body is contained 4 times in this length, the length of the head 3§ times ; the least depth of the tail equals ^ of the height of the body at the ven- trals, height of the head nearly equal to its length without snout. Eye large, its diameter being more than the interorbital distance, and con- tained 3 times in the length of the head. Posterior margin of the pre- operculum oblique. Snout very short and obtuse, about ^ as long as the eye. The maxillary is § as long as the head, scarcely dilated pos- teriorly; it reaches almost to the posterior margin of the i)reoperculum. The origin of the dorsal fin is equally distant from the tip of the snout and the root of the caudal, and is about over the tips of the extended ventrals ; it is about in the vertical through the sixteenth scale of the lateral line ; its last ray is over the twenty-fifth scale of the lateral line and the eighth anal ray. The pectorals are imperfect, but they appar- ently do not extend much beyond the origin of the ventrals. Scales coarsely denticulated, some of them showing about 6 teeth on their free margin; those on the lateral line are conspicuously the largest. Lower parts with a double series of ijearl-colored spots, besides a few isolated ones. Measurements. Current number of specimen - Locality I (716) 23945. at. 49° N., Long. 151 W., Sept. 15, 1871. MUli- meters. lOOths of length. Length to origin of middle caudal rays. Body : ifireatest height Greatest width Height at ventrals Least height of tail Leniith of caudal peduncle 59 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29 Measurements —Contimied. Current number of specimen 30 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fastens itself usually on the gills or isthmus of large fishes, sometimes on the eyes, whence it works its way very rapidly into the inside of the body. It then devours all the flesh of the body without breaking the skin, so that the fish is left a mere hulk of head, skin, and bones. It is especially destructive to fishes taken in gill-nets. In every gill-net set at Monterey in summer, more or less of these empty shells are obtained. When these are taken from the water the hag-fish scrambles out with great alacrity. It is thought by the fishermen that the hags enter the fish after the latter are caught in the gill-net, and that they will devour a fish of lU or 15 pounds weight in a single night. At any rate, large fishes of even 30 pounds are often brought up without flesh and with- out viscera, and we can hardly suppose that they swim about in the sea in this condition before coming into the gill-nets. The fish chiefly eaten are Schastichthys pinniger, miniatus, mystinus, etc., Ophiodon elongatusj FaraUchthys maculosus, and HJiacocMlus toxotes. The hag-fish reaches a length of 14 inches, and is not used as food* The genus PoUstotrema (Gill, MSS.) is distinguished from Heptatrema (Bdellostoma) by the presence of 11 or 12 gill-oijenings instead of 7. Family PETEOMYZONTID^. 3. Ammoccetes plumbeus (Ayres) J. & G. San Francisco northward ; seen by us at Seattle and San Francisco. Xothiug especial known of its habits, but it doubtless ascends most of the coast streams in spring. It reaches a length of 8 inches, and is not brought into market except when accidentally mixed with other species. 4. Entosphenus tridentatus (Ricliardson) Gill. — Lamprey; Lamperina. {Petromyzon lividus, ciliaius, tridentatus, and astori Giraixl.) Monterey Bay to Puget Sound ; seen by us at Santa Cruz and Asto- ria. It ascends the fresh waters in the spring to spawn, running in the Columbia in June. It reaches a length of more than 2 feet, and becomes very fat. It is never used as food so far as we know. Family NOTIDANIDiE. 5. Notorhynchiis maculatus Ayres. From Monterey to Puget Sound. In Humboldt Bay it is extremely abundant, and it is much sought for the oil. 6. Hexanchus corinus Jordan & Gilbert. — Shovel-nosed Sharl: Monterey to Puget Sound; probably not uncommon. A fine exam- ple obtained at Neah Bay (Cape Flattery) by James G. Swan. Another taken by us at Soquel. Family HETERODONTID^. 7. Hetercdontus francisci (Girard) 1)111116^11.—Leopard SharJc ; Bull-head Shark. From Point Concepcion southward. Described by Girard from Mon- terey, but not seen by us there, and probably very rarely or never reach- PROCEEDINGS OF U:!fITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31 ing San Francisco. Abundant at San Pedro and San Diego and not rare at Santa Barbara. It lays its eggs in January. They are enveloped in large cylindrical egg-cases, which are spirally twisteil and without tentacles. This shark reaches a length of 2^ feet, and is used for no purpose. Family SCYLLIID^. 8. Catulus ventriosus (Garman) J. & G. — Ground Shark; Puffer ASharlc. From Monterey Bay southward. Abundant at Santa Barbara in win- ter, where it lives in the kelp, and is taken in large numbers in lobster- pots set for the "crawfish" {Panulirus interruptus), it being very fond of the salt fish used as bait. It is rarely tfiken in the summer, and it perhaps visits shallow water in the spawning season only, retiring to deeper water in summer. The egg-cases are extruded in February. They are flattish, oblong, quadrangular, with very long tentacles at the angles. This shark reaches a length of 2^ feet, and is valueless. It is remarkable for its habit of inflating its body by swallowing air, like a Tetrodon. Family GALEOEHINIDJE. 9. Mustelus hinnulus (Blainville) J. & G. — Dog SharJc. (Mustelus californicus Gill.) From San Francisco southward. Yery abundant at San Pedro and San Diego, li\ing chiefly in bays and lagoons and feeding upon Crustacea and small fish. It has very little oil in its liver, and is used only for crawfish bait and similar purposes. The young are sometimes salted and dried by the Chinese, tied in bundles, and shipped inland to the Chinese laborers on the railroads. They are not much valued even by them. Most of the specimens seen were 2 to 2^ feet in length, but two adult females seen at San Pedro were 5 feet long and weighed about 40 pounds each. 10. Rhinotriacis henlei Gill. — Dog Shark, Humboldt Bay to Monterey. Two adults 2^ feet long, with the young inside and nearly ready for delivery, were taken at Monterey in April. The embryo is connected to the uterus by a placenta, as in Rhinotriacis (Pleuracromylon) Iccvis, with which the present sijecies is doubtless con- generic. Many young examples about a foot long were obtained of the Chinese fishermen at Potrero, near San Francisco, in x\ugust, and numerous others were seen in Humboldt Bay. This species is chiefly used for bait. 11. Triads semifasciatus Girard. — Leopard Shark ; Catfish; Cat Shark. From Cape Mendocino southward; very abundant in all bays and along sandy shores. The adults enter the lagoons in summer to bring forth their young, and hundreds of them are sometimes taken at once 32 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with the seine. It reaches a length of about 3 feet and a weight of 25 pounds. It yields but very little oil, and is considered wholly worthless by all fishermen. 12. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnseus) Blainville. — Oil Shark; White Shark. From Cape Mendocino southward; very abundant everywhere in bays and lagoons during the summer. It brings forth its young from May to August, entering shallow bays for this purpose. It is taken in large numbers for its fins and its oil at Soquel, Monterey, and especially at Westminster and Newport, in Los Angeles County. It is usually taken with book and line, herring and other silvery fish being the best bait. It reaches a length of 5 or 6 feet and a weight of 50 pounds, although most of those taken range from 30 to 40. A single liver makes three- fourths to one gallon of oil. The pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins are taken oft' and dried in the sun. The Chinese buy these at about 15 cents a pound when dried. They strip off the skin and remove the fleshy part, and the gelatinous rays of the fin are valued by them very highly for soup, selling when prepared at about $1.50 per pound. The fins of no other American shark are considered valuable by the Chinese. 13. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle. — Man-eater Shark. From San Diego southward. The jaws of a large example taken near San Diego were seen. 14. Carcharhinus glaucus (Linnseus) Jordan & Gilbert. — Blue Shark, A young specimen taken near San Francisco is in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, and the jaws of an adult taken near Seattle are in the Museum of the University of Washington Territory. 15. Eulaniia lamia (Risso) Gill. — Bay Shark. A partially grown specimen and the jaws of an adult Individual ob- tained at San Diego. Family SPHYENID^. 16. Sphyrna zygeena (Linnains) Rafinesqiie. — Hammer-head Shark. A specimen of this species was obtained by Dr. J. G. Cooper at San Pedro, and sent to the United States National Museum. Family ALOPIID^. 17. Alopias vulpes (Gmelin) Bonaparte. — Thresher. Occasionally taken at San Francisco and in Monterey Bay. Probably most abundant at Sequel, but seen by us only at Monterey. Family LAMNID^. 18. Lamna cornubica (Linnseus) Miiller & Henle. A single specimen obtained at San Francisco. Another was taken last year at Santa Cruz, and a drawing of it made by Dr. C. L. Ander- son. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3^^ 19. Isuras (? oxyrhynchus Kiiliucsttnc)- Two jaws of a .s[)ecies of Is urns, supposed to be L oxyrhynvhus^ were obtained at San Pe(b(). 20. Carcharodon carcharias (L.) J. «fc (*.—Man-eater Shark. Oeeasionally taken abont Monterey Bay. One of 24 feet i]i lcn;;th taken at Carmelo this year, and one of 20 feet at Soquel. One t;!k(Mi a few years ago at Soquel bad a young seadion weigbing 100 pounds in its stomacb. It is vabied only for tbe oil in its liver. l\iniily OETOKHINID.!:. 21. Cetorhiaus maxiuius (Liiimt'us) IJlaiuvillo. — Ground Shark. 0(;casionally taken abont Monterey by tbe wbalers, and sometimes (Mitangled in gill-nets. xVbout five taken during tbe present year at Soquel and Monterey, ranging from 2G to 31 feet in leugtb. It is valued for tbe oil in its enormous liver. Family SCYMNID.^. 22. Somniosiis niicrocephalus (Block) Gill. — Ground Sliark. From Puget Sound northward; not rare. Often taken on trawl- lines set for dog-fisb. A specimen 8 feet in leugtb seen by us at Vic- toria. Tbe livers are used witb tbose of tbe dog-fisb for makbig '• dog- lisb oil". In babits this siiecies is very sluggish, lying "on the water like a log". Family SPIXACID.E. 23. Squaliis acaiitllias LiniUKUS. — Dotj-JLsh ; Spinarola. From Santa Barbara to Alaska; occasional southward; excessively abundant from Puget Sound northward. It lives especially in deep or ((uiet bays or channels, coming into shallower water in i)ursuit of her- ring or salmon. It feeds chiefly on herring, but will take any bait, even its own young. It is caught in great numbers witb trawl-lines for its oil, both by white men and Indians. It reaches a length of about 3 feet. Tbe young are brought forth in June in Puget Sound. Family SQUATINID.E. 24. Squatina angelus Duineril. — Angel-fish; Angela; Squat. From San Francisco southward ; not uncommon. Seen by us at So- quel, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego. It readies a length of nearly 5 feet and a Aveight of GO pounds. It is not used for any purpose. Family TORPEDINlDiE. 25. Torpedo californica Ayios. Kot common. Seen by us only at Soquel and San Francisco. • It reaches a length of at least 2._V feet and a weight of nearly 50 pounds. Proc. Kat. Mus. 81 3 April 13, 1881. 34 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family EHINOBATIDtE. 26. Rhinobatus productus Ayies. — Guitar; Shovel-nosed Shark. . From Cape Mendocino southward; exceedingly abundant from Santa Barbara to San Diego, inhabiting sandy shores. It brings forth its young in August. It reaches a length of 3 feet and a weight of 15 pounds. The tails of moderate-sized specimens are eaten by the Chinese and Mexicans, although little valued by either. The body is sometimes used for lobster bait. 27. Platyrhinoidis triseriatus (Jordau & Gilbert) Garmau. From San Francisco southward; generally abundant, with the pre- ceding. It is viviparous, bringing forth its young in August, 4 to 6 in each ovarial sac. It reaches a length of 20 inches and a weight of 4 to 5 pounds. It is used for no purpose. 28. Syrrhina exasperata (Jordau & Gilbert) Garman. Seen by us at San Diego only, where half-grown specimens are very abundant. Ko adults have been seen by us, but it will probably be found to be a viviparous (and therefore Ehinobatoid) species. It is not used as food. Family EAIID^. 29. Raia stellulata Jordau & Gilbert. Seen by us only in the Bay of Monterey, where it is very abundant in the winter and spring. Both adults and youug are taken in great numbers in the gill-nets. It reaches a length of 30 iuches. It is never sent to market, its dark color and v'ery rough skin rendering it unsala- ble, the conventional ray being light brown and nearly smooth. 30. Raia rhina Jordau & Gilbert. From Monterey to Vancouver's Island; less common than the others, but not rare. It reaches a length of 32 inches. In the neighborhood of San Francisco it is sent to the city markets with B. hinoculata and JR. inornata; elsewhere it is rarely eaten 31. Raia inornata J. & G. — Hay ; Skate; Raic. Very abundant about San Francisco and Monterey, where it is taken in gill-nets and seines. It reaches a length of 24 to 30 inches. It is brought into the San Francisco market in large numbers from the im- mediate vicinity, never being shipped from any considerable distance. The pectoral tins are alone eaten, and these chiefly by the French. At Santa Barbara a variety or subspecies (var. inermis) of this form occurs in some abundance. It is similar in size and appearance, but has the spines and armature of the body and tail very little developed. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35 32. Raia binoculata Girard.—Skate; Hay. {liala zooperi Grd. ) From Monterey to Alaska ; everywhere couiinori ; tbe largest aud most alniudaut skate on tbe coast. It lre STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 50. Stolephonis delicatissimus (Girard) J. & G. San Diego Bay 5 very abundant. ISTot seen (4se\ylieie, A siuall spe- cies, reaching a length of less than r> inches. 51. Stolephoriis ringen.s (Jt^uyii.s) J. & G. — Ancliovij. Abundant in clear bays for the entire length of the coast. It reaches a length of about inches, and it often comes into the* markets. Its chief use is, however, as bait for flounders and rock-cod. The Chinese salt them in barrels for that purjiose. It is sometimes pickled with spices by the Germans, and sold as "i«[orsk Anchovy". Family SALMONID^. 52. Salvelinus inalma (Walb.) J. & G. — DoUy Vttrden Trout; F>iiU Trout; t^ahnoii Trout. (Salmo spectaMUs Grd. } SaJmo camphelli Suckley ; t-'almo lordi GWwWxqv; SaJmo tudes Cope; Salmo callarias Pallas; Sahno hairdi Snckley.) Abundant in lakes and streams of the Cascade Range from Mount Shasta northward to Alaska. Large numbers are found in the salt waters of Puget Sound, where they are taken in sei^ies and with hook and line. In the mountains it is usually quite small ; in the lakes larger. At Seattle and in Frazer's Eiver it often reaches a weight of 12 ijounds. It is an excellent food-fish. It feeds on sticklebacks (salmon-killers), herrings, and other small fish. 53. Salmo irideus Gibbons. — California Brooh Trout: Bainhow Trout. From Mount Shasta to San Luis Eey Eiver, in streams of the Coast Eange and west slope of the Sierra Kevada. Less common north of California, and seldom seen in salt water. It is not often sent to the market of San Francisco. It seems to be much smaller in size than the other species of the coast, rarely becoming more than 18 inclics in length. The largest specimens seen are from McCloud Eiver, and very deep bodied. 54. Salmo gairdneri Ricliardsou. — Steel-head : Hnrd-head ; Black Salmon. {Salmo irnneatus Suckley.) Found in the mouths of the large ri\'ers from the Columbia north- ward, and occasionally in tlie Sacramento. It appears with the salmon and is usually thought to be migratory, but is probably not so, or migra- tory to a small degree. It spawns later than the salmou, and most of the individuals taken during the time of the salmon run in the spring- are spent, and their flesh is of no value. In other rivers than the ('olumbia, and at other seasons it is esteemed an excellent food-fish. Its length is about that of an ordinary Quinuat salmon ; the body is less deep and the tail heavier. The u^iual weight is from 14 to 18 i)Ounds. It is never canned, as the flesh is pale and grows paler when boiled, and the bones are firm and stiff. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 55. Salmo pui'puratus Pallas. — Of yjon Brook Trout ; Salmon Trout; Lalcc Troul. {Salmo clarhl Ricli.) Very abundant in all waters north of Mount Shasta and through the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region; occasional southward to Santa Cruz. Found in abuudance in salt water in Puget Sound and about the mouth of the Columbia. It is usually seen of but 2 to 8 or 10 pounds in weight, but occasional specimens weighing as much as 25 pounds are taken in the Columbia in summer [C. J. Smith). These latter are known usually as steel-heads, although the common steel-head is *V. (jairdneri; the young as brook-trout, and the partly grown as saluion-trout. This is the most widely distributed of our trout, and it is subject to many variations. 56. Oncorhynclius kisutch (Walb.) J. & G. — Coko Salmon of Frdztr^n lilvcr ; Silver Salmon; Kisutch; Bielaya liyha. Slcewitz. Sacramento River to Puget Sound and northward; very abundant in summer and fall. It is rarely taken in the Columbia in the spring, but great numbers run ui) the river in the fall. It is one of the smallest of the salmon, reaching a length of about 30 inches and a weight of 4 to 8 pounds. As a food-fish it ranks with the young of 0. chouioha, which it much resembles. It may be readily distinguished by the few (40-50) })yloric coeca. In 0. ehoiiicha there are about 180 i)yloric coeca. In fall the males become greatly distorted and hook-jawed, and specimens in every stage can be found in late summer. 57. Oncorhynchus chouicha(Walb.) J. &G. Quinnat Salmon ; King Salmon; Choui- cha; Chinnooh Salmon; Sprinfj Salmon; Colunibia River Salmon ; Sacramento Salmon; Wintei' Salmon; White Salmon. Sawkwey. From Ventura River northward to Behring's Straits, ascending Sacra- mento, Rogue's, Klamath, Columbia, and Frazer's Rivers in spring, as well as the streams of Alaska, Kamtschatka, Japan, and Kortheru China; in fall ascending these and probably all other rivers in greater or less abundance; the young taken in Monterey Bay, Puget Sound, etc., in summer in considerable numbers. This salmon, by far the most important fish in our Pacific waters, reaches a weight of about 70 pounds. The average in the Columbia River is about 22 pounds; in the Sacra- mento River about 18; in other rivers usually still smaller. 58. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Gill & Jordan. — Blue-had- ; Sukkeye; Ecd-Jish; Bascal; Frazer's Eiver Salmon ; Krasnaya Ryha. From Colum^bia River to the itleutian Islands; the principal salmon of Frazer's River; unknown in Eel River, Rogue Iiiver, and in the Sacramento. In the Columbia River it is much less abundant than the Quinnat salmon, and its fiesh is less firm and paler. It reaches a weight of 5 to 8 pounds, four "blue-backs" being counted at the canneries equal to one Chinnook salmon. It runs chiefly in the spring, few of them being seen on Frazer's River or tie Columbia in the fall. Like the Quinnat it ascends streams to great distances. It is known in the 40 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MIISKITM. fall as red-fish. In the upjier eoiirses of the Columbia and Frazer'r, River, this si)ecies and the preceding are the only salmon fonnd. The blue-back, in all its protean forms, can readil}' be distinguished by tlie much longer and more numerous gill-rakers. 59. Oncorhynchiis keta (Wall).) (J. & J. — Dog Salmon; Quarhch ; Kaijko; Lc Kai. San Francisco to Behring's Straits; very abundant in the fall, when it runs in all streams, but not to a great distance. Xot seen by us any- where in the spring. It reaches a weight of 12 to 20 pounds. As it is taken only in fall, after the development of the organs of generation has caused the deterioration of the flesh, it has little economic value. Considerable numbers are salted or dried by the Indians. 60. Oncorhynchusgorbuscha(Walbauin) (TilltS: .Joidan. — Humphack Salmon ; Hnddo : Hone; HoVki. Sacramento River northward to the Arctic Sea; abundant in Pugct Sound on alternate years, 1880 being a year of scarcity. Occasionally seen in the Columbia and Sacramento, but not sufiticiently abundant to constitute a distinct run. It reaches a weight of 3 to 7 pounds, being the smallest of the salmon. The females are canned in summer and fVxll, the hook-jawed males being rejected. The following table gives some of the specific characters of the species of Oncorhynchus. The figures given are the averages of variation, so far as known : Xanie. Kisntcli Cliouicli;i Ki'ta Kcrka . . Gorbiischa. ir PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATER NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41 very fat. As a pniifisli it ranks \('r,\ lu^li, being seareely inferior to the eulachou. The Ilypomesus olirhis of Kauitscliatka lias been shown by Dr. Bean to be a different species, si)awninj2: in flesh waters. 62. Thaleichthys pacificus (Kicliurdsou) Grd.— Ealaclion ; IlooJaldn ; CatnUe-Jinh ; Grea.ie-fnli ; Smell. Froni Oregon northward, ascending- the livers in spring in enormous numbers, but not for a great distance. It is especially numerous in Frazer's River and Nass River, and very many ascend the Columbia. The run m Frazer's River takes place in May. They are exceedingly fat, and when dry are said to burn like a candle. On Nass River is a factory for the manufacture of eulachon oil, intended as a substitute for cod-liver oil. The fact that eulachon oil is semisolid or lard-like at ordinary temperature is a seiious hindrance to its salability for this pur ])ose. When fresh, the eulachon is one of the very finest of pan-fishes, and many of them are sent to the markets of Victoria. Pickled eu- lachons are sent to San Francisco. It reaches a length of a little less than a foot. 63. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres. — Smelt. From Monterey northward ; rather common, but not in such great num- bers as rhe surf-smelt and the eulachon. It is smaller and less valu- able than these. Little distinctive is known of its habits. Those brought into market are usuallj^ soft, and are less salable than the spurious "smelt," -AfAerino/j.s'fs', with which they are often mixed. It is rarely luore than 6 inches in length. 64. Osmerus atteiiiiatiis Lockiugton. — SmcK. Everywhere found with the preceding and scarcely less common. Nothing distinctive is known of its habits, and it may ])Ossibly turn out to be the female of the same species. Family ALEFIDOSAl RID.E. 65. Alepidosaurus borealis Gill. Iland-snw Fish. Puget Sound and northward, in deep water; cast on shore by storms. A head from Puget Sound in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, and another from the Aleutian Islands in the Museum of the Alaska Commercial Company. Family PAEALEPIDiE. G6. Sudis rmgens Jordan & GilbRil. Known only from one specimen, about 8 inches in length, from t lu- stomach of a 3Ierlucms, itself in the stomach of an Ornjnm a(al(>n;ia. in Santa Barbara Channel. 67. Paralepis coruscaas J. & G. One specimen obtained at Port Townsend, Wash. It is very close to FaraUpis borealis Keinh. from Greenland, if not identical with it. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family SCOPELID^. 68. Synodus lucioceps (Ayres) Gill. — Biugaree Dock. From San FraDcisco soutliwaid ; rather comiiiDn in summer and sometimes brought into the markets. It readies a length of about a tout, and is not much valued as a Ibod-fish. This species differs from the Atlantic iSynodus fcetens in the much greater number of scales in a vertical series, and in the longer pectorals, as well as in lesser details. The distinctive characters given by Ayres are most'y fallacious, 69. Myctophuni crenulare Jordan & Gilbert. One specimen, 2| inches in length, taken from the stomach of Orcynus alahnf/a, in Santa Baroara Channel, in July. Another obtained off N'ancouver's Island has been recorded by Dr. Bean. Family CYPRINODONTID.^. 70. Cyprinodon californiensis Giinnl. i Described from San Diego. Only the original types known. 71. Fimdulus parvipiunis Giiunl. i''rom Point Concepcion southward; exceedingly abundant in muddy bays and lagoons, especially at the mouths of streams The males in summer have the scales rough with small corneous ai)i)endages much as in some Gyprinidm. This species reaches a length of 2-^ inches, and is used for no purpose. Family SCOMBERESOCID^. 72. Exoccetiis californicus Cooper. — FJijiiifj-ftsh; VoJador. In great schools in summer, rangmg north to Point Concepcion, and very abundant about all the Santa Barbara Islands. It flies for a dis- tance sometimes of nearly a quarter of a mile, usually not rising more than 3 or 4 feet. Its motion in the water is extremely rapid, and its motive power is certainly chiefly due to the movement of its powerful tail in the water. On rising from tho, water the movements of the tail are continued for some seconds until the whole body is out of the water. While the tail is in motion the pectorals are in a state of very rapid vi- bration and the vcntrals are folded. When the action of the tail ceases, the pectorals and ventrals are spread, and, so far as we can see, held at rest. When the tish begins to fall, the tail touches the water and the motion of the pectorals recommences. When on the wing it resembles a huge dragon-fly. Its motion is very swifc. At first it is in a straight lino, but this becomes deflected to a curve, the pectoral on the inner side of the arc being bent downward. It is able to some exti^nt to turn its course to shy off from a vessel. The motion seems to have no refer- PROCEEDINGS OP^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43 ence to tlie direction of iho wind, aucl we observed it best from the bow ofa steamer off iSauta Catalina Island in early moraing, wlien both air and water were free from motion. TLe flying-fish reaches a length of 15 inches and a weight of about 1.^ pounds. It is considered an excellent food-lish, and is taken in huge numbers off Santa Catalina for the market of Los Angeles. It appears only about the middle of summer, which is its season of spawning. Nine-tenths of those seen by us in .July were males. 73. Hemirhamphus rosee Jordan & Gilbert. Kather abundant in San Pedro and San ])iego Bays, swimming slowly about near the surface. It reaches a length of probably not over a foot, and is used for no purpose. 74. Scomberesox brevirostris Peter.s. One specimen taken in IMonterey Bay. Recorded by Dr. Ayres from Tomales Bay. 75. Tylosuiiis exilis (Grd.) .1. & G. — Xpcdlc-fish ; Gar-fish. From Santa Barl)ara southward ; rather common in summer, especially in San Diego Bay. It li\'es in sheltered bays, swimming near the sur- face. It spawns in xVugust. It reuclies a length of about 2i feet, and is esteemed a good food-fish. Family MUGILIDiE. 76. Mugil albula L. (J/H/yjZ wexicaKws Steindachner). — Mullet; Chub. From Monterey southward ; very abundant in San Diego Bay. It ascends all creeks and lagoons in winter, and many of them become land- locked and are destroyed by the pelicans. It is said to be spreading northward along the coast, and to have first appeared at San Pedro about three years ago. It reaches a length of about 15 inches, and when taken in clear water is much esteemed. Many of those brought into the market are seined in muddy lagoons, and the flavor of the water is im- parted to the flesh of the mullet. Like other mullets, this species feeds on mud. It is not obviously different from the common nnillet of the Atlantic coast. Family ATHEEINID^. 77. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Jordan & Gilbert. Seen at San Diego only; in some parts of the bay occurring in im- mense schools, but not generally common. Tliis is one of the smaller. s))ecies of the family, reaching a length of rarely more than 4 inches. 78. Atherinops affinis (Ayres) Steindachner. — Little Smelt; Petite Smelt. ( 'ape Mendocino southward ; abundant, especially in bays and lagoons, generally preferring more sheltered places than the next species. It reaches a length of about a foot*, and is a pan-fish of good quality, ha\'- ing firm, white flesh, which is rather dry. Many of them are dried by the Chinese. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79. Atherinopsis californiensis Grirard. — Common Smrlt. From Cape Mendocino southward; very abundant, being taken with tlie seine in great numbers in all open bays. It is also often taken by trolling with a small liook. It reaches a length of about 18 inches, and is one of the most important food-fishes on the coast. Its flesh is firm, white, and delicate, but rather dry. The genus Atherinqpsis is distin- guished by its non-protractile premaxillaries. Family SPHYR^NID.^. 80. Sphyraena argentea Girard. — Barracuda ; Harriwuta. Abundant in summer from San l^'rancisco southward, especially about Monterey (Soquel) and the Santa Barbara Islands. The chief run is in July. It spawns in August, and then disai)i)ears, probably retiring into deeper water, or perhaps mo\iug southward. It is taken chiefly by trolling at a distance of 3 or more miles from tlie mainland. About the islands it may be sometimes taken by still-fishing. The young are often taken in sein(?s in winter. It reaches a length of about 3 feet and a weight of about 12 pounds. It is considered one of the best food-fish, and when salted and dried sells at a higher price than any other, even than the Alaska cod-fish. Family AMMODYTID^. 81. Animodytes personatus Girard. — Sand Laid ; Sand Lance. Abundant along sandy shores from Monterey to Alaska. Found in immense schools in Puget Sound. It burrows in the sand between tide- marks. It reaches a length of 5 or G inches, and is sometimes taken for bait. Family ECHENEIDJ^. 82. Remorajacoboea (Lowe) Gill. A single specimen seen in the market at San Francisco. It is proba- bly not uncommon. 83. Eclieneis naucrates L. Occasionally taken about San Francisco. Family XIPHIID^. 84. Xiphias gladius Liuu(^. — Sicord-Jhh ; L'spada. Occasionally seen about Santa Catalina and the Coronados, but never taken, the fishermen having no suitable tackle. One seen by us off Santa Monica about 8 feet in length. Family SCOMBRID^. 85. Scomber scombrus LiniK^. — EaHtern Mackerel. Not seen by us. Capt. Charles Willughby, Indian agent at Neah Bay, formerly a mackerel fisher in Massachusetts, informs us that he PROCEEDINGS 'OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45 ouce netted a school of true eastern luaolcerel off Santa (.'atalina IsUmtl. J. Weinmiller, of Santa Barbara, lias also taken them oecasioually off Anacax)a Island. There is little donbt of the casual occurrence of this species on our Pacilic coast. 87. Sconiber piieumatophorus Delaroche. — Easter Macktrd ; Tinker Mavkcrrl ; Little Marhrcl. {Scomber diego Ayres; Scomber dekaiji Storer. ) From Monterey southward; coming in irrej;uUir and olten larj;e schools in sujuraer and fall. It reaches a length of a little more than a foot. 88. Orcynus alalonga (Gmeliii) Eisso. — Albieore. {Orciinun pncificus Cooper; Thynuns pacificus C. & V.) From San Francisco southward; abundant iu summer south of Point ( 'oncepcion and taken by trolling. It is found in deeper water than the boiiito, being rarely taken within G miles of the shore. It feeds ou anchovy and squid, and occasionally rare deep-water tishes are found iu its stomach. It is shorter and deeper than the bonito, weighing i'2i to 15 pounds. It is little valued as a food-fish, selling at about 2J cents. It is caught chietly for sport, as it is a very gamy fish. Another Orcynus^ known as the ''•tuna", exists about Santa Cruz Island, but we failed to obtain it. 89. Sarda chileusis (Cuvier & Valenciennes) J. & (J. — Bonito; Spanish Mackerel; Skijijack ; Tun a . From Monterey southward; very abundant everywhere iu summer, when it is taken iu great numbers, by trolling, at a distance of 2 or .'] mih^-s from shore. It is extensively salted and dried, but the flesh is rather coarse, and it brings a lower price than the yellow-tail and bar- racuda. It reaches a weight of about 12 pounds and sells at about 25 cents. After the spawning season the young are very abundant in the kelp. 90. Scomberoniorus concolor (Lockiugtou) Jordan »fe Gilbert. Monterey Bay. It comes to the market at San Francisco from Soquel (•\ cry year, but in small numbers. Rarely more than IS or 20 come iu ill a single season. This year (1880) upwards of 40 were taken, nearly hall" of which were secured by us. Its usual price in the market of San Francisco is about $2.50. The female is marked by two rows of alter- nating, round, bronze spots about the size of the pupil. Family COiiYPH^ENIDJ^. 91. Coryphaeua (species). A doli)hin (;ame ashore in a storm at Cayucos a few years since. Its captor and eater informs us that he is well acquainted with the dol- phin in Mexican waters, and that this was the s?ime fish. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family STEOMATEIDJ^. 92. Stromateus simillimiis Ayres. — romimtto. Entii'e coastj common, but most abundant tiom Santa Barbara to San J^^rancisco. Its movements on the coast are very irregular. ]t is usually scarce in winter everywhere, and it is said that it was formeily mttch li'ss abundant than now. It is taken in seines, and also by hook and line or grab-hook from the wharves. It is usually esteemed as the best ])an-fish on the coast, and always brings a high price—25 to 50 cents per ])0und. It reaches a length of 8 inches and a weight of little more than half a pound. Family CARAXGID^. 93. Seriola lalaxidi Cuvier »fc Valencionucs. — Yellow 'rail; IVIdte Salmo)i; Cavasina. (Seriola mazatlana Steindaclmer. ) Only aboitt the Santa Barbara and Coronados Islands, M^here it is abundant in summer, spawning in July and August} not seen in winter. It is taken by trolling only. As a fresh fish it ranks high. When salted it is graded as l)est, with Belaya and Spliyrwna. It feeds on squid and variotis small fishes, and reaches a weight of 40 to 50 pounds and a length of 4 to 5 feet. The "horse-mackerel, Halatractun dorsaUs^\ re- lerred to by Dr. Cooper in Cronise's Natural Wealth of California, is undoubtedly the present species. 94. Caranx caballus Giinther. (Trachurus toops Grd.) Only the original type of Girard's description has been taken on our coast. 95. Trachurus plumierianus (Lacepede) J. dc G. — Horse Mackerel. (Trachnrns frachnrns Giinther; Trachurus synimetricus Ayres.) Very abundant in sutnmer as far north as Monterey. It is taken in seines in large numbers and used chiefiy for bait. Many of them are salted for this purpose. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of less than a pound. Specimens of this species from Monterey and from Venice are not ob- viously different. The individual Aariations in the curvature of the lat- eral line are considerable. Family SERRANID^. 96. Serranus maculofasciatus Steindachuer. — Cabrilla : Rock Cod; Hock Bass. San Pedro to San Diego and southward; abundant in the bays, especially at San Diego, where many are taken in seines, and with hook and line from the wharves. Not seen northward- and not found in deep water or about the islands. It feeds chieiiy on crustaceans and squid. It reaches a length of about 15 inches and a aveight of 2 or 3 pounds, and is considered an excellent food-tish. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47 97. Serranus nebulifer (Gril.) Stcind. — Johnnij Verde; Cabri'Ja; Bock Ba.-is. Froin Monterey Bay southward ; common about San Pedro and in San Diego Bay with the preceding. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 to 4 pounds, and is considered a good food-fish. 98. Serranus clathriitus (Grd.) Slciiid. — Cabrilla; Fork Jias^ ; Kelp Salmon. From San Francisco southward; very abundant south of Point Con- cepcion. One of the most common food-fishes about the islands. It feeds on Crustacea and squid, and is found in not very deep water, chiefly about rocks. It reaches a leiigth of 18 inches and a weight of about 5 pounds. It is considered one of the better class of food-fishes. It is not often split and salted. 99. Stereolepis gigas xVyies. — Jew-Jifih: Black Sea Z>r/.sv. From the Farallones southward, chiefly about the islands ; not rare, but from its great size not very often taken. Taken by still-fishing, not by trolling. It attains a weight of 400 to 500 ])Ounds. Often taken by swallowing white fish, etc., when the latter are on the hook. Family PEISTIPOMATID^. 100. Xeuichthys californiensis Steiiid. Described from San Diego. Ko specimens obtained by us. 101. Pristiponia davidsoni Steindachiier. — Sargo. San Pedro to San Diego; not common. Four seen by us at San Pedro. Probably only taken in summer, and then in small numbers. Feeds on Crustacea. Keaches a length of somewhat more than a foot. Family SPARID^E. 102. Scorpis californiensis Steindachner. Media-hma ; Half-moon. Santa Barbara Islands and southward. Especially abundant about Catalina, where it is one of the principal food fishes, being taken in great numbers in gill-nets. Eare at Santa Cruz Island, and probably not found northward. One in the Museum of the California Academy said to come from Tomales Bay. Feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of 3 pounds. It is not often dried, but ranks high as a ])an-fisli. i03. Giiella nigricans (Ayics) Gill. — Blne-finh. From Monterey southward; abundant about the Santa Barbara Islands, where it is an important food- fish. Taken chiefly in gill-nets. It is entirely herbivorous. It is very tenacious of life, but begins iO' soften soon after death. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of 4 xiounda. It is considered a fair pan-fish. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family EPHIPP1DJ3. 104. Chastodipterus faber (Block) Bleeker. Described from tSan Diego as Ephippns zonatus Grect. It reaches a length of about 2 feet and a weight of 8 pounds. 107. Atractoscion nobile (Ayres) Gill.— IVIiltv Sta Bush ; Sea Buss : Sea Trout {i/ij.) : Curvina. (Ofolithus californieii sis Steind.) From San Francisco southward ; very abundant in spring and summer ; not often seen in winter ; only adults usually taken in spring. Caught by trolling and in gill-nets, the young in summer by seines. It reaches a length of 4 feet and a weight of 50 pounds or more. Its flesh is highly esteemed, and is much firmer than that of the eastern weak-fish. The food consists of Crustacea, anchovies, etc. The young (''sea trout") is often considered by fishermen as a dis- tinct species. 108. Menticirrus undulaUis (Gi'd.) Gill.—i)«ryc6'; Sucker; StiGkcr Bass. From Santa Barbara southward; abundant; taken in seines and gill- nets along sandy shores. It reaches a length of 18 ijiches and a weight of 2^ pounds. It is held in moderate esteem as a food-fish. It feeds largely on crnstacea. Girard's type of Umbrina undulata is a very young specimen of this sjiecies. 109. XTinbriiia xanti Gill. — Yellow-finned lioncador ; Yellow-tail Boncador. From Santa Barbara southward; generally abundant. Found alojig sandy shores, and taken in seines and gill-nets. It feeds on Crustacea, squids, etc., and sj)awns in July. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of nearly 2 pounds. It is considered a food-fish of good quality, and many are split and salted at San Pedro. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41) 110. Roncador .stearnsi (Steiud.) J. & Gr. — Roncaduv ; Croaker. From Santa Barbara soiitliward; ;j;enerally abuudaut ou sandy shores, ill rather deeper water than the Umhrina. Takeu chielly in the gill- nets. It feeds mostly on crnstacea, and spawns in July. It reaches a length of abont 2 feet and a weight of 5 or ponnds. It is considered a good food-fisli. 111. Corviua saturna (Grd.) (rthr. — Red lionoador ; Black Roncador. From Santa Barbara southward ; in similar situations with the pre- ceding, but less abundant. It reaches a length of IG to 18 inches and a weight of 3 pounds. Like the Menticirrus it is less attractive in color than Umhrina and IConcador, but is probably similar in tlesh. 112. Genyonenius lineatus (Ayiv.s) GilJ. — LUlle Buss; Little Roticador. From San Francisco southward; not common in winter, but exces- sively abundant in summer, especially froul Santa Barbara northward. It lives between the shore and the kelp, and is taken with hook and line at the border of the kelp, and also in great numbers in seines. Its food is chiefly Crustacea. It reaches a length of less than a foot and a weight of nearly a pound. It is rather soft, and not much valued as *bod, al- though excellent when fresh. Man^^ are dried by the Chinese. Family EMBIOTOCID.E. (Perch; SiirJ'-Jhli.) The flshes of this family are exceedingly abundant along our entire I'acilic coast, the centre of distribution being from Santa Barbara to San Francisco. They all go by the general name of perch, and the fish- ermen rarely make any distinction of the species. All are ovoviviparons, luinging forth their young, 15 to 20 at a time, in spring or early sum- mer. The young are then li to 2J inches in length, and perfectlj^ able to take care of themselveSr At birth they closely resemble the adult fish, but are redder, more compressed, and with higher tins. The flesh of the Emi;iotocoids is very similar in all the species, being flavorless and poor. 113. Rhacochiiiis toxotes Agassi/,. Aljloiie ; Sprat; Ferch. San Pedro to San Francisco; rather common, esi)ecially about Soquel. Like the other species of the family, it feeds oh crnstacea and small tish. This species is the largest of the family, reaching a weight of 4 pounds, and is considered the best of this very inferior group. 114. Danialichthys argyro.soiiiu.s (Giiard) J. & (L— ll'ltiie Percli. From San Pedro to Puget Sound ; generally common and exceed- ingly abundant in Puget Sound ; next to JHtrema lateraU and Micro- )tietrus aggregatus^ the species most numerous in individuals on the coast. It is considered as, next to the ])receding, the best of the Em- biotoclda; and n^achos a weight of 2 pounds. Proc. Xat. Mus. 81 1 Aprii S30, 1881. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The goDus Damalichthy^ is distiuguisbed from Ditrema by the ex- traordinary development of the pharyngeal bones. 115. Ditrema furcatum (Gid. ) Gtlir. San Diego to San Franciseo; exceedingly abundant everywhere. Not noticed northward. It lives in sheltered bays and is taken with seines. It rarely reaches a- pound weight, and is little esteemed. 116. Ditrema atripes J & G. JMouterey Bay | abundant at Monterey, where large numbers are taken in seines. It reaches the weight of 1^ pounds, 117. Ditrema laterale (Agassiz) Gtlir. — Perch ; bnrf-Jlsh ; Blue I\rch Santa Barbara to Puget Sound ; very abundant. Northward the most common of the larger species. It reaches a weight of 2 pounds, and is an inix)ortant market fish, although poor and watery. 118. Ditrema jacksoni (Agassiz) Gtlir. — Fervli ; Croaker; Surf-fish. San Diego to Puget Sound; scarce north of San Francisco, but ex- tremely abundant south of Point Concepcion, and brought in large num- bers to the markets. It reaches a weight of li i^ounds, and is about as jjoor as the rest of the tribe. 119. Hypsurus caryi (L. Agassiz) A. Agassiz. — Bngara. Tomales to Santa Barbara; generally very abundant in the edge of the kelp, especially at Monterey. It is often taken with hook and line or baited dip-nets, and sometimes in great numbers in seines. It is used chiefly for bait for rock cod, the larger ones being sent to the markets. It rarely weighs more than half a pound. In color it is one of the most brilliant and attractive. 120. Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz.— ;Si water; taken mth hook and PROCEEDINGS OF ITNTITED STATER NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 line about Seattle, in some abuudaiicc on a reef of ballast rocks, in deep water, tolerably abundanl. It reaches a length ol' (5 to .S inches, and is used chiefly for bait. Family LATILIDiE. 140. Dekaya princeps (Jenyns) J. & G.— JVhite-Jish; Ydlow-lall. From Monterey southward; abundant abi-ut all the islands, but only occasional at Monterey. It feeds largely on Crustacea. It is taken cliiefly with hook and line from reefs. ]\Iany of them are salted and dried both by Americans and Chinese. As a salted fish it raidvs high ; as a fresh fish of f;iir grade. It reaches a length of over 2 feet and n weight of 10 to 14 pounds. Family TEACHIXIDJ^. 141. Trichodon stelleri C. & V. Alaska; occasionally soutliward to Sau Francisco; not seen by us from this coast. A specimen in Alaska Commercial ComJ^any's col- lection from Aleutian Islands. Family GOBIIDiE. 142. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. — Mud-Jhh. From San Francisco southward, abounding in the muddy bottom of creeks and slimy lagoons into which the tide flows; very abundant about Oakland and at San Pedro and San Diego. It burrows into the mud, the bottoms being honeycombed with its holes. Two small specimens of a species of this genus Avere taken in the stomach of a Hexagramnnis stdleri, in Saanich Arm, Vancouver's Island. It reaches a length of r> or G inches. It may readily be taken with a small hook. Mr. Charles 11. Orcutt obtained them for us in a creek near San Diego at the rate of 50 ])er hour. 143. Eucyclogobius ne-wbenyi (Gnl.) Gill. Mot obtained by us. Described from Tomales Bay. 144. Lepidogobius gracilis (Grd.) Gill. From San Francisco northward; occasionally taken in the sweep-nets with the torn-cod, and thus brought into the markets; seen by us at San Francisco and Victoria. It reaches a length of 4 inches. Nothing special is known of its habits. 145. Gobius glaucofrenum (Gill) J. vt- G. Xot seen by us. Described from Puget Sound. 146. Othonops eos Eosa Smith. The si)ecimens known found burrowing in sand among locks about Point Loma, near San Diego. Locally very abundant. * Caiilolatihts Gill : nomen nudum. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF IJXITED STATES NATlO>fAL MtJSElTXr. Family CHIRID^. 147. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill. — Horse Maclcerel; Candlv-fixh ; Be> pounds. As a food-fish it is generally held in low esteem, although sometimes fraudulently sold as "Spanish mackerel". The large sjiec- iinens taken in deep water about Vauconver's Island, known to the Makah Indians as Beshowe, are highly valued as food-fish, according to Mr. Swan. 148. Myriolepis zonifer Lockiugton. The only specimen known came from Monterey Bay. It is about 10 inches in length. 149. Oxylebius pictus Gill. From Monterey northward, living among rocks near shore, in clear waters; not very rare, but from its small mouth and peculiar habits very rarely taken except for bait in dip-nets baited with crushed crabs. Seen by us at San Francisco, Monterey, and Saanich. It reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches, and is used only for bait. 150. Zaniolepis latipinnis Grd. I'rom San Francisco northward, in rather deep water. It is taken in large luirabers in the sweep-nets of the jiaranzelle, and is occasionally brought into the markets of San Francisco. It feeds on Crustacea, reaches a length of about a foot, and is not often eaten. 151. Ophiodon eloiigatus Gnl.— CkIIii.s Cod : Cahfoniia Cod : Blue Cod; Ilitffitlo Cud ; lAiuj. From Santa Cruz Island northward; excessively abundant from Mon- terey to Victoria and beyond, it lives about rocky places, and is taken with hook and line or gill-net. Many are dried by the Chinese and Indians. It feeds on Crustacea, squid, and various fishes. It reaches a larger size northward than about San Francisco, the greatest length being nearly 5 feet and the weight 50 or 60 pounds; most seen in mar- ket are considerably smaller. It is one of the better food-fishes, and in amount is one of the most important on the coast. Its fiesh is usually of a ])ale livid blue. • 152. Hexagrammus decagrammus (Pallas) J. & G.— floref/nl ; Sen Trout; Bodwron ; Ji'ock Trout. From San Luis Obi.spo northward; everywhere moderately couniion, most so in tin* Bay of Monterey and oft' San Francisco. A common fish PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 of the San Francisco markets. It feeds chiefly on Crustacea and vrorms. It dies soon after being taken from the water, and does not Iceep very long before softening. The fish spawns in July. The males {Ghiropsis constellatus Grd.) and the females {G. (/uttatus Grd.) differ so much in color tliat they luive been usually taken fG PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. watci', and is taken in large luiuibers with gill nets and set-lines. Like all tlie species of the genus, it feeds on erustacea and small fish. This species is one of the larger ones of the genus, reaching a weight of or 7 i:>ounds. It is considered as one of the best of the group. 157. Sebastich!:hys melanoios (GrA.) Gill. — Bhtrk Ban«. P^roiu Monterey northward; most couunon in Puget Sound; not very abundant about San Francis<;(), but frccjuenliy seen in the markets. In size, habits, and value not essentially ditferent from 8. Ji((viduK, with which species its affinities are closer than with S. mystinus. 158. Sebastichthys mystinus .J. & G. — liiaclc llncl-Jhh : I'cche Prctre ; BlacJ: Bass. From San Diego northward; more common about Monterey and San Francisco than either northward or southward. It is found in rather shallow waters, and is mostly taken in gill-nets. It reaches a weight ol' 5 pounds, and from its color is less salable than the others of the groni), although the flesh is probably similar. It is probably sent to San Fran- cisco in greater numbers than any other species, 159. Sebastichthys entomelas J. A. G. Known only from Monterey, where it is taken with hook and line m deep water. Thus fiir the least abundant of the species. Similar in size and value to flavichis. 160. Sebastichthys ovalis (Ayres) Lockiugton.— Viiira. From Santa Barbara to Monterey; taken witii book and line in very deep water; one of the least abundant species. Similar in size and value to X flavidus. 161. Sebastichthys proriger J. & G.' About Monterey and the Farallones; taken with the next species in very deep warer; not rare in its haunts. One of the smallest species, not weighing more than ]r] pounds. In quality similar to other small red species. 162. Sebastichthys elougatus f'Ayres) Gill. — Behia. About Monterey and San Francisco; abundant in very deep water with the ijreceding. It is a small species, reaching a weight of 2 pounds, and being handsomely colored is one of the most salable species. It is not very common in the markets except in spring. 163. Sebastichthys atrovirens J. & G. Garnipa ; Green Bocl--fish. From San Francisco to San Diego; abundant about rocky places iu rather shallow water. Taken in considerable numbers in gill-nets, es- l)ecially south of Point Concepcion. ]\rany of them ar<' taken in the winter about the Santa Barbara Islands, and a good many are dried and salted by the Chinamen. It reaches a weight of 3 pounds, and is graded WMth flavidiis and nebulosus. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MtTSET^M. 57 164. Sebastichthya pinniger ((-ill) Lockiii^toii. — FlUntmc ; Hal Hock Cod. j''r<»;ii Monterey nortlnTaid; abundant e\erywhcre in deep wj-.ter aud taken in great munbers, eliicfly with set-lines, not often with gill-nets. This is probably the most abundant red speeies in the San Francisco markets, and niany are split and salted in the deep waters of Puget Sound. It is a large species, reaching a weighi of 8 or 10 pounds. It sells as well as the other red or green species, unless too large, when the liesh is rather codxse. 165. Sebasticlithys nuniatiis J. & G. — liasha- ; Jlu'icicrn. From Santa Barbara to San Francisco; found with the preceding, but often in water less deep. ]t is taken with hook and line and gill-nets, and is sent into the market of San Francisco in large numbers. J t reaches the same size as the preceding, and is equally valuable. 166. Sebasticlitliys ruber (Ayres) Gill. — HedBocl- Cod; Boclcfish ; Tamhor. From Santa IJarbara northward; most abundant in Puget Sound and about San Francisco ; taken withhook and line in deep water. Large spec- imens seen about Victoria with the skull above infested by an encysted parasitic worm. One of the most abundant species in the San Fran(tis(;o markets, and probably reaches the largest size of any—10 to lli pounds. The large ones are very robust in form. It grades with pinniger and 'miniatus, from which it is not distinguisheil by the trade. 167. Sebastichthys rubrivinctus J. & (i.—Spanish Flat/. From Santa Barbara to Monterey, about the reefs in very deep water; occasionally taken with hook and line in spring. It reaches a weight of (i ])onnds. In beauty of coloration it surpasses all other tish on the coast. 168. Seba-sticlithys coiistellatiis J. & G. — Bof/rc From Santa Barbara to San Francisco, in deep water; taken with hooks only; rather abundant and frequently seen in the market. It reaches a.weight of 2 or 3 pounds, and ranks with rosaceus and other small species, and, like them, spawns at JMonterey in early spring. 169. Sebastichthys rosaceus ((Jrd.) Gill.— Coniair. Fi'om San Francisco to Santa Barbara {San Diego, Grd.), on reefs in deep water ; where found the most abundant of the red species. J t is one of the smallest species, rarely weighing over 1.] pounds, and is taken to the San Fran(;isco market in great numbers. 170. Sebastichthys rhodochloriri J. A: (i.—Ily-lish. Monterey and the Farallones, where it occurs in deep water with the preceding in considerable abundance, and with it is occasionally sent in large numbers to the San Francisco market in the s])ring. 171. Sebastichthys chlorostictus J. & (i.—Pesce I'ermUjlia. Known from Monterey and the Farallones, where it occurs in consid- erable abundance with the three i)receding six'cies. It is a larger hsh, reaching a weight of 4 jiouuds. 58 PROCEEDiNGS OF TTNTTED STATES XATIONAL JIUSErM. 172. Sebastichthys caurinus (Kicb.) J. & G. Puget Sound northward; in habits and vahie similar to its Southern representative S. vexiUarin. 173. Sebastichthys vexillaris J. & G. — Hed Garrupa. San Diego to Puget Sound ; generally abundant along the coast in water of moderate depth. Taken chiefly with nets. Many are sent to the San Francisco market, it ranking with abundance only behind ruber, piiiniger, rosaceus, Jlavidus, mystimis, auriculatus, and carnaius. It is one of the larger species, reaching a weight of 5 or pounds. 174. Sebastichthys auriculatus (Grtl.) Gill. — Rock-fish. Santa Barbara to Puget Sound ; everj'where one of the most abun- dant species, and always the one most frequently taken near shore. It is the only one frequenting, habitually, shallow bays and taking the hook around wharves. It is common in the San Francisco markets and reaches a weight of 3 pounds, although usually taken in San Francisco Bay at half a pound weight. It is less valued than the deep-water spe- cies as food. 175. Sebastichthys rastrelliger J. «& G. — Garrupa; Grass Hock-fish. From Humboldt Bay southward; abundant about the Santa Bar- bara Islands, where it is taken with hooks and gill-nets, but rarely with seines. It occurs in considerable numbers in the San Francisco mar- kets. It reaches a weight of 2^ j^ounds, and is esteemed as the best of the family as food. 176. Sebastichthys maliger J & G. From Monterey northward, in rather deep wat-.r ; commonest in the Straits of Fuca, where it is taken with hook and line. It is occasionally seen in the San Francisco markets, but is one of tlie less common spe- cies. It is one of the largest species, reaching a weight of G pounds. 177. Sebastichthys carnatus J. & G. Garrupa. From Santa Barbara to San Francisco ; abundant at Monterey, where it is taken in great numbers in rather shallow water with gill-nets. At Santa Barbara it is rare, and it has not been noticed northward. It reaches a weight of 2^ pounds, and grades witli atrovirens, flavidus, uebulosun, etc., as fairly good. 178. Sebastichthys chrysomelas J. &^ (',.— Garrupa. From Santa Barbara to San Francisco ; rather less abundant than the preceding and found in rather deeper water. Otherwise very simi- lar in size and habits. 179. Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres) Gill. Garrupa; Hock Cod. From Monterey to Puget Sound; rather common, and becoming abundant northward. It occurs in water of moderate depth and is taken by means of hooks and gill-nets. It is rather common in the mar- kets of Sau Francisco, and reaches a weight of oi pounds. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES XATIOXAL MUSEUM. nO 130. Sebastichthys serriceps ,1. & G—Trn-fi'^h. From San Diego to San Francisco: abundant about Catalina Island m rather deep water among rocks; less common northward, but occa- sionally seen in the San Francisco markets. It reaches a weight of aV)ont ."> pounds. 181. Sebastichthys nigrociuctus (Ayres) Gill. .Monterey to Puget Sound: rather abundant in the Straits ofFuca in very deep water; rare about San Francisco, and only occasionally taken with a hook and line in deep water. It is one of the most striking spe- cies in color, and hence preferred by buyers. It reaches a weight of -4 pounds, 182. Scorpaena guttata Gvd.—S<:orpe>ie ; Sculphi; Scorpio,,. Santa Barbara southward ; very abundant in rock^ places, and oftenm bays and shallow water. It feeds on Crustacea and spawns in spring It IS esteemed as one of the best of food-fishes. It reaches a weio-ht of rarely more than U to I'.pounds. A wound from its dorsal spines'is ex- tremely painful for ji time, like a ])oisoned sting. Family COTTID^E. 183. Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd. ^ From San Francisco northward, rare; occasionally taken in Puget Sound in rather deep water. It reaches a length of G to 8 inches. 184. Biepsias cirrhosus (-Pallas) Gtlir. From San Francisco northward, scarce; not rare in Puget Sound where it is sometimes taken in seines. It reaches a length of about G inches. Like the preceding, it is occasionally preserved as a curiosity 185. Oligocottus anaUs Gnl.—Liifle Scoipio,,. From ^Monterey to Lower California; common in rock-pools, and ex- tremely active. It reaches a length of about 4 or o inches. 186. Oligocottus maculosus Grd.—Johiini/. From San Luis Obispo to Alaska; exceedingly abundant northward,m rock-pools and among stones close to shore in sheltered bays One ot the most abundant species on the coast so far as the number of indi- viduals IS (concerned. It reaches a length of 2^ inches, being the smallest 01 our marine Cottidw. It is subject to great ^'ariations in colov, de-pendent on the character of its surroundings. 187. Blennicottus globiceps (Grd.) Gill. From Monterey to Puget Sound and northward, in rock-pools, with the preceding. Its motions are, however, much less active. It is no- where abundant. It reaches a length of 5 inches. GO PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED 8TATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 188. Liocottiis hiruudo (iiiaid. About Snuta Barbani and the islands; talcoji ^\ it!i liook and line; rare. It reaches a length of about 7 inches. 189. Leptocottus armatus (ivd.^Seidpin ; Drummer. Entire coast; everywhere abundant in lagoons, sheltered bays, and muddy bottoms. It feeds on crustaceans, and takes the hook readily. It reaches a length of a foot, and is heUl in no esteem. Some are dried by the Chinese, who consider it one of the least valuable fishes. Its movements are in general more active than those of most sculpins. 190. Scorpasnichthys marmoratus Grd. — Sculjnn; Caplsonc : SiiJpa; liiugi/heud. Entire coast; very abundant about San Francisco, becoming less com- mon north and south, but seen by us at Victoria and San Diego. It lives in the kelp, at moderate depths, and is taken with the hook or gill-net. It is a coarse, dry fish, held in very low esteem, and not sent to the market from any great distance. It reaches a length of about 2 feet and a weight of 8 to 10 pounds, being much the largest of the Cot- toids on this coast. 191. Aspicottiis bison Grd. — Stone ScMlpin; Salpa. San Francis(;o northward; exceedingly abundant in Puget Sound in rocky places, and among weeds at small depths in sheltered bays. At Seattle the most abundant of the family. Less connnon at San Fran- cisco. It feeds chietly on Ulna and other green plants, of which its long- intestines are always full. It takes the hook .readily with any sort of bait, and therefore ])robably does not disdain animal food. It reaches a length of about a foot, and is seldom used for food. The Europc^an Coitus bubalis Euphrasen, with which this species is considered identi- cal by Dr. (xiinther, is a true Cottus, and has no intimate relation fo AKpicoftus hison. 192. Hemilepidotus trachurus (Pallas) Gtlir. From San Francisco northward, in similar situations with the jireced- ing, but much less abundant. It feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches a length of about 15 incbes, being, next to Scorpo'iiiclifhys, the largest Cottoid of our west coast. It is rarely used as food. 193. Hemilepidotus spiiiosus Ayres. — Capisone; Cahezon. About San Francisco and Monterey, where it is rather common. Taken chiefly by the Chinese on set-lines in rather deep water. It reaches a length of 9 inches, feeds on crustacea, and is held in no es- teem as food. 194. Artediiis pugetensis Steind. Puget Sound; not abundant. It feeds on crustacea, etc. It reaches a lenglh of about 9 inches, and is seldom used as food. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 195. Artedius niegacephalus Lochiugtou. — ChitonoiuH niv(/uce2)halus Locliiugtou. Milling and Scientific Press, San Francisco, 1879.) Deep water off San Francisco. Distingnisbed from the precediii,!;' by the greatly-elevated anterior portion of tlie spinous dorsal, the first spine reaching past the front of the soft dorsal. Specimens numbered 27, 185, from Point Eeyes, lately distributed by the ^STational Museum as Arte- dius pugetensis, belong' to this species. 196. Artedius quadriseriatus Locliingtou. Only seen about San Francisco, where it is very common in deep water off Point Reyes, being brought in by the sweep-nets, uiixed with tom-<;od and prawns. It reaches a length of less than 3 inches. 197. Artedius notospilotus Grd. — Sculpiii; Drummer; Salpa. Santa Barbara to Puget Sound, most abundant at Santa Barbara. It lives in the kelp, in Avater of moderate depth, and is mostly taken with the hook. It reaches a length of 4 to 5 inches, ana is little esteemed. 198. Artedius lateralis Grd. * Monterey to Puget Sound, inhabiting the rock-pools with the species of Oligocotfus ; ii- t common anywhere. It reaches a length of aOout 4 inches. It is readily distinguished from the preceding by the larger mouth and the naked, smooth head. 199. Cottus polyacantliocephalus Pallas. — Sciilpiii ; Bull-head. Puget Sound and northward; generally abundant; not seen south- ward. Carnivorous. It reaches a length of 15 inches or more, and al- though of considerable size is not often used as food. There is much waste in a sculpiu, the removal of the head and skin leaving verv little meat, and that little comparatively is coarse and dry. 200. Ascelichthys rhodorus J. it G. At Waada Island and other points at the entrance of the Sti'aits of Fuca ; exceedingly abundant among the rocks at low tide. Spe<;imens in Mr. Lockington's collection from Gualala, Mendocino County, Cali- fornia. Carnivorous, reaching a length of 3i inches. 201. Psychrolutes paradoxus Gthr. Puget Sound and northward ; a specimen from the Aleutian Islands is in the Museum of the Alaska Commercial Company. It reaches a length of 2 inches. Family AGOXID^. 202. Bothragonus swaui (Steiud.) Gill. ^S'^ot seen by us ; the original specimen from Port Townseud. 203. Podothecus trispinosus (Lockingtou) J. & G. San Francisco to Santa Barbara; occasionally brouglit in among jirawns to the markets of San Fj ancisco; one specimen dredged at Santa Barbara. It reaches a length of 3 inches. G2 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 204. Podothecus vtilsns .(. inches. 215. Gobiesox rhessodou liosa Smitli Mss. Under rocks at Point Loma, near San Diego; locally rather al)undant. Family BLENNIID^. 216. Hypleurochiliis gentilis (Grd.) Gill. From Santa Barbara southward : not rare in rock-pools between tide- marks, among algae, it reaches a length of 5 inches. 217. Neoclinus blaiicliardi Grd. Frc.Ji Monterey southward, in the kei[) ; taken occasionally with hook .and line Feeds chiefly on Crustacea. It reaches a length of 7 to 8 inches. Seen by us at Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Barbara. 210. Neoclinus satiricus Girard. Monterey southward; rare. Seen by us at Monterey, only. It reaches a length of a foot, and lives in the kelp. 219. Heterostichus lostratus Grd. — Kdp-jWn. From Monterey southward; not rare in the kelp south of Point Con- cepcion. Taken with hook and occasionally with seines. It feeds on (Crustacea, etc. It reaches a length of about 15 inches. It is sometimes brought to market with other fish, but no special notice is taken of it. 220. Gibbonsia elegans Cooper. Fiom Monterey southward ; abundant everywhere in kelp and rock pools. It reaches a length of 8 inches, and is not noticed by the fisher- men. 221. Creiiuiobates integripinnis Rosa Smith. San Diego to Mazatlan; the specimens from our coast found in rock- pools near La Jolla, 12 miles north of San Diego, among algre between tide-marks. Length 2r} inches. » 222. Mur^noides ornatus (Grd.) Gill.— £e/. San Francisco northward; abimdant in Puget Sound. Found in rock- pools in sheltered places and sometimes taken in seines. It reaches a length of a foot. It is not considered a food-fish. The form called 21. Icetus is considerably more abundant than the typical ornatus. They two differ only in the form of the dorsal blotches and are, iDrobably, not dis- tinct species. (14 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU^EUSI. 223. Apodichtiiys fucoruiii J. & G. Monterey to Paget Sound ; very abundant at Point Pinos ; less com- mon about Cape Flattery. It is very abundant in the Fucua between tide-marlis, especially where thick bunches of the slender Fucus hang- from rocks into a little pool of water. At Monterey large numbers nmy often be shaken from a tuft of Fucun, at considerable distance from the water. Its movements are exceedingly active, more so than those of other eel-shaped blennies. It reaches a length of 5 or /. From Northern California northward ; exceedingly abundant iji Pu- get Sound, where it inhabits sandy shores in water of moderate depth. It feeds chiefly on algse. It reaches a length of 20 inches. It is occa- sionally brought into the markets, but is not valued as food, and appa- rently seldom eaten, its looks being against it. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65 230. Anarrliichtliys ocellatus Ayres. — £cl; Moritia ; Azla ; Wolf Eel. From Monterey iiortliward ; not rare, but not very abundant. It feeds on Crustacea and fishes. It reaches a length of 8 feet and a weight of at least 25 pounds. It is sent to the markets and brings a tair price. Family Bz\TRACHID.E. 231. Porichthys porosissunus (C. & V.) Gnl. — Miid-Jish ; Cal-Jiah; Drummer; Siiuj- iiig fixh. Exceedingly abundant the entire length of the coast in shallow, muddy, or weedy bays, often under stones. It reaches a length of some- what more than a foot, and is never used as food. Family ZOAHCID.E. 232. Lycodopsis paucidens (Lockiunton) Gill. San Francisco and northward; not very coininon ; brought in with the tom-cod taken in sweep-nets off Point Reyes. It reaches a length of about 10 inches. iSTo notice is taken of it as a rood-li.sli. 233. Lycodopsis pacificiis Collett. San Francisco northward, with the preceding; abundant in Puget Sound. Distinguished only by the smaller head and mouth. Family OONGROGADID^. 234. Scytaliiia cerdale J. &, G. In loose stones near low- tide mark, on ^^'aada Island, near Gape Flattery. It reaches a length of about <> inches. It is exceedingly active in life. Family OPHIDUD.E. 235. Ophidium taylori Gid. San Francisco to Santa Barbara; not very conuuon; taken in sweep- ntts with tom-cod, etc., about San Francisco, and sometimes brought into the markets. It reaches a length of about 14 inches, and no special notice is taken of it. Family BROTULID.E. 236. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres) Gill.— C'((.s7;,- Mimlela. San Francisco and northward; rare; occasionally brought into tjie San Francisco market, and from its bright (colors readily salable. It reaches a length of nearly 18 inches. Family GADIDJ5. 237. Microgadus proximus (Grd.) Gill.— Tom Cod; IVhitinij. Monterey to Paget Sound; very abundant from San Francisco northward, and taken in immense numbers in seines and sweep-nets. Its flesh is somewhat watery and tasteless, yet it meets with a ready sale. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of aT)ont .} pound. Proc. Nat. Mus,81 5 April »0, 1881. 66 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 238. Gadus morrhua L. — Alaska Cod. Straits of Fiicaaiid nordiward; ubuudant ou certain bauks; probably occurring off the coast of Oregon. 239. PoUachius chalcogrammus (Pallas) J. & G. ( Gadus periscopns Cope. ) Monterey and northward ; occasionally taken with hook in deep water about Seattle with Bathymaster signatns; very rare about San Fran- cisco. It reaches a length of about -J feet. 240. Merlucius productus (Ayres) Gill.— Merhtcdo ; Ilorse Mackerel. Santa Cruz Island northward ; very abundant at certain seasons, especially at its spawning time in the spruig, when it is takeu in great numbers in the gill-nets at Monterey, Soquel, and elsewhere. Its dis- tribution is irregular, being very abundant some years but at other times extremely scarce. It is extremely voracious, feeding on all sorts of small fishes and squids, its stomach being always full. It ranks low as a market fish, as its flesh is extremely soft, and it is always ragged- looking when shipped. It reaches a length of rather more than 2 feet and a weight of JO pounds. Family PLEURONECTID^. 241. Atheresthes stomias J. & G. San Francisco and northward; the only specimens taken by us were from between Point Eeyes and the Farallones. It reaches a length of 30 inches and a weight of 5 or C pounds, being probably the slenderest flounder known. 242. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flemiag. — Halibut. From San Francisco northward; not abundant south of the Straits of Fuca. There is a large halibut bank near Cape Flattery, and consider- able luimbers are taken in the deeper channels of the sound by medJns of hook and line. It reaches a length of 5 or 6 feet and a weight of 200 pounds or more. It feeds on codfish and any other large lish which it can take. Its flesh is much esteemed. 243. Xystreurys liolepis J. &- G. Santa Barbara and southward; not very rare, in moderately deep water and about the kelp. It reaches a length of about 14 inches and a weight of a little over 2 pounds. 244. Paralichthys maculosus Gicl. — Monterey HaJihut ; Bastard Halibut; Flounder. ( JJropsetta californica Gill.) Tomales Bay southward; abundant from Monterey to San Diego, being the most abundant flounder south of Point Concepcion, the young swarming in all the bays, the adult comparatively rare. It reaches a length of nearly 3 feet and a weiglit of 60 pounds, the largest seen by PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67 US weighing 55 poaii(Ls, The hirge ones are taken chiefly in gill-nets. As a food-fish it is considered rather inferior to the others, the large ones being tough and coarse. 245. Hippoglossoides jordani Lockington. — Solv; Soijlia. Monterey to Puget Sound; rare northward, but very abundant about San Francisco. At Monterey it is the most abundant species. It is considered one of the best of its family. Great numbers are salted, hung up by the tails, suspended above the roofs, and dried, by the Chi- nese. It reaches a length of 18 inches and n weight of 3 to 5 pounds. 246. Hippoglossoides elassodon J. & G. Puget Sound and northward; not uncommon about the wharves of Seattle and Tacoma, where it is taken with hook and line. It reaches the length of about a foot and a weight of at least 2 pounds. 247. Hippoglossoides exilis J. & G. San Francisco to Puget Sound, in deep water. Taken about Point Keyes with sweep-nets, at certain times, in enormous numbers. Less common about Seattle. A small species ; none seen over 9 inches in length, weighing about f pound. It is not valued, the flesh being soft. JMost of those taken by the paranzelle are thrown away. 248. Psettichthys melanostictus Grd. — Sole. From Monterey to Puget Sound; everywhere common, but not so abundant as some other species. It is considered the best of the floun- ders for the table. It reaches a length of nearly 20 inches and a weight of 4 to 5 pounds. 249. Citharichthys sordidus (Grd.) Gthr. — Plaice. Entire coast; most abundant northward; rather rare south of Point Concepcion. It frequents rather deep water, and is best taken with hook or sweep net. It is one of the smaller species, rarely weighing more than 1} pounds, and its flesh is comparatively^ soft. Many are dried by the Chinese, who do not find it necessary to hang them up as in the case of the larger "sole", but dry them upon tables. 250. Parophrys isolepis (Lockington) .J. & G. — Sole. From Monterey to Puget Sound, in rather deej) water; not rare; large numbers are brought into the San Francisco market, being taken in the sweep-nets about Point Reyes. It reaches a length of 15 inches and a "^^ eight of 3 pounds, although usually much smaller. 251. Parophrys ischyrus J. & G. Puget Sound; not common; the four specimens seen taken near Seat- tle with a seine. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of about 4 pounds. 68 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 252. Parophrys vetulus GrcL — Sole. Santa Barbara to Alaska; very abundant from Monterey northward to Puget Soimd. It is nsuallj^ one of the smallest si)ecies, reaching- a length of about 14 inches and a weight of 2 or 3 pounds. Most of those seen in the markets weigh about half a i^ound. It is one of the principal market species, and usually sells well. 253. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres) Lock. — Bode Sole. Monterey to Alaska ; rather common about rocky places, and abun- dant in Puget Sound; considerable numbers are taken with set-lines by the Chinese at Monterey. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 to 5 ijounds. 254. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas. — Flounder. From San Luis Obispo northward; eveiywhere very abundant, espe- cially northward and about the mouths of rivers ; the commonest flounder on the coast. It is reckoned a good food-fish when not too large. It reaches a length of 2 feet and a weight of at least 10 pounds. 255. Glyptocephalus zachirus Locliiugtoii. — Sole. About San Francisco and Monterey, in rather deep water; taken chiefly with the sweep-nets, its mouth being too small for the hook and its habitat too deep for the gill-nets. It reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of about 2 pounds, and is considered excellent food. 256. Cynicoglossus pacificus (Lock.) J & G — Sole. Monterey to Puget Sound, in rather deep water ; generally abundant ; taken chiefly in the sweep-nets. Eather common at Seattle, and often brought in immense numbers from the swee]>nets to the San Francisco markets. It spawns in May and June. It reaches a leugth of a little more than a foot and a weight of 2 pounds. This species is exces- sively slimy when taken out of the water. It is considered as a good food-fish when large. The small ones, taken so abundantly, are little valued. 257. Hypsopsetta guttiilata (Gnl.) Gill. — Tnrbot: Diamond Flounder. Tomales to San Diego ; widely distributed, but not so al)undaut any- where as most of the other sj)ecies. Cousiderable numbers are brought to the San Francisco market, but none have been noticed by us in Mon- terey Bay. It reaches a length of nearly a foot and a weight of about 3 ])OLinds. 258. Pletironichthys ccenosus Grd. San Diego to Alaska, in deep water; not very abundant anywhere south of Puget Sound, where it is quite common. It is chiefly her- bivorous, like the other species of the genus, and with them spawns in May to July. It reaches a length of about a foot and a weight of 2 to 3 i)ounds. It is rarely seen in the San Francisco markets. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 09 259. Pleuronichthys decurrens .1. & G. Moutercy and San Francisco (and northward ?), in deep water. Large numbers taken in sweep-nets about tbe Farallones and brought into the San Francisco markets. In size, food, and liabits similar to the preceding, but more abunchmt. 260. Pleuronichthys verticalis J. A: G. Monterey and San Francisco, iii deep water; taken at Monterey in considerable numbers in the spawning season by means of gill-nets. It is similar in size, feed, and habits to the others, bui most specimens seen in the markets are of smaller size. 261. Aphoristia atricauda .T. I'v. G. Numeious specimens, 3 to 5 inches long, taken at San Diego. Family AULORHYNCHID^. 262. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill. Monterey to Puget Sound, in large schools in sheltered bays near the shore ; not common southward. It reaches a length of 5 to inches. 263. Gasterosteiis microcephalus Grd. — SUcMehack. {Gasterosteiis 2)h'btiu-s aud pufifAli Grd.) In rivers aud brackish waters from Los Angeles Eiver to Puget Sound ; commonest southward. Length 2 inches. 264. Gasterosteus aculeatus var. cataphractvis (Pallas) J. &, G. — Stickleback ; Sal- mon EiUtr. {(htfiteroatrns «enY(/»s Ayros; Gasttrosteus insculpiusJiich.) In salt water, entering rivers from Sau Francisco to Alaska; very common nprthward Length 2i iuches. Family SYNGKATHID^. 265. Siphostoma californiense (Storer) J. «fe G. — Plpe-fisli. Santa Barbara to Puget Sound ; the form called S. griseolineatHn from San Francisco northward, the other southward and generally com- mon; most common at Soquel. It reaches a length of 15 to 1>^ inches. 266. Siphostoma leptorhyiichus ((xi-d.) .T. & G. Santa Barbara to San Diego ; not very common except in San Diego Bay. It reaches a length of less than a foot. 267. Siphostoma puiictipinne (Gill) J. *fc G. Only the original types, trom San Diego, are yet known. Family HIPPOCAMPID^. 268. Hippocampus ingens Grd. — Sea Horse. Sau Diego ; rare. Reaches a length of about a foot. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATF.S NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family TETRODONTID^. 269. Cirrhisomus politus (Ayres) J. & G. Xot obtained by us. A specimen in collection of California Academy, from San Diego. Family DIODONTID^. 270. Diodon maculatas Lac One specimen, from near San Diego. Family ORTHAGORISCID^. 271. Mola rotunda Cuvior. — Suiifisli ; MoJa. Abundant in Santa Barbara Cliaunel in summer; often seen playing near the surface, and even leaping from the water ; not often taken, as they are not easily caught and not used for food. Reaches a weight of 200 pounds or more. United States National Museujvi, December 1, 1880. DESCRVPTIOTV OF !>iE:BA!4TICIITIIY^ MYSTHVU!^. By DAVID S. JORDAIV and CHARLES II. GILBERT. Sebastichthys mystinus. Sebastes variahllis Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i, 7, 18.54 (not of Pallas,= Epinephcliis ciliaius Tilesius). Sehastodes melanops Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii, 216 (iu iiart; probably not the figure 66, which more resembles S.meJanops ; not Seiastes melaiwpx Girard, ^Sehastosomus shtuilans Gill). Seiastichthys melanops Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. iii, 1880, 289, and elsewhere. Sebastichthys mystinus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. iii, 1880, 44.5 ; 1881, 8. Two species have been confounded by pre^ ious writers under the name of Sebastes or Sebastosomus melanops. The one, darker in color, with smaller mouth and black peritoneum, is found from Puget Sound to San Diego, being most common southward, and is perhaps the most abun- dant species of the genus on the coast. The other, paler andmore spotted, with larger mouth and white peritoneum, ranges from Monterey to Sitka, being most common northward. The first is the "Peche Pretre" of the Monterey fishermen, the second the "Black Bass" of the anglers of Puget Sound. The first is referred to by us as Sebastichthys melanops on page 289 and elsewhere in these Proceedings (Vol. Ill); the second as Sebastichthys simtilans. The original description by Girard of his Sebastes melanops, however, can refer only to the second fish, as is shown by the following statements (U. S. Pac. VI. R. Expl. Fishes, 81): PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71 "Upper surface of lieacl spineless;-' "the posterior extremity of the maxillary, very much dilated, extends to a vertical line drawn inwardly to the posterior rim of the orbit." " The pectorals are broad . * * * the tip of these fins extends almost as far as the tip of the ventrals.'' " The upper surface of the head and of the dorsal region above the lat- eral line are almost black, or else of a purplish black. The side of the bod;>' is yellowish, with an irregular purplish black spot upon nearly all the scales. The side of the head is of a lighter purplish l)lack. The inferior region is of a soiled yellow, though of a metallic hue. The tins are unicolor, of dark purple tint." The " Peche Pretre" has a preorbital protuberance, which usually ends in a spine; the "Black Bass" has neither protuberance nor spine. The mouth is smaller in the " Peche Pretre", the maxillary barely extending to the posterior margin of the pupil. The pectoral tins are longer in the " Peche Pretre", extending l^ast the tips of the ventrals ; in the other not so iar. And, finally, omit- ting the expression " purplish", which scarcely applies to any rock-fish, tne account of the color describes the " Black Bass", but not the "Peche Pretre". Furthermore, the original type of Girard's description, the large speci- men from Astoria, is still preserved in the National Museum, and its identity with the species formerly called by us 8. simvJans is undoubted. The original type of the name Sebastosomus simulans is also i^reserved. It belongs to the same species, differing only in having the lower oper- cular spine somewhat less conspicuous than usual. The northern fish, the "Black Bass" of Puget Sound, must, therefore, retain the name of Sebasticlithys melanops, of which name simulans is a synonym, while ^he " Peche Pretre " may receive the new name of Sebasticlithys mystinus. 80- bastichthys eiliatus [Epine^helus ciliatus Tilesius = Perca variabilis Pallas) is related to both species, but distinct from both, having the black perito- neum of mystinus, but lacking the bulge of the preorbital region. The mouth is larger than in mystinus, but smaller than in melanops, while the coloration is different from both. DESCRIPTION OF SEBASTICHTHYS MYSTINUS. Body oval-oblong, compressed, both dorsal and ventral outlme evenly curved. Head conic, compressed, the profile almost straight. Month comparatively small, oblique, the lower jaw protruding; mouth entirely below the axis of the body; premaxillaries on the line of the lower rim of the orbit; maxillary thickly scaled, reaching to opjjosite posterior margin of pni)il; mandible scaly. Top of head without spines, with the exception of the very small nasal pair, and sometimes a preocular pair; the interorbital space per- fectly arched, and the entire top of the head covered with very small, crowded scales ; the preocular ridge forming a projection over the upper anterior angle of the orbit. The forehead between the preocular ridges is notably full and convex. The occijjital ridge forms two slightl}' di- 72 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. vergiu^j ridges under the scales. Preorbital with a small spine, which is sometimes obsolete.' Preopercle with rather strong spines, the two at the angle longest. Opercle with two strong spines. Suprascapular spines present. Gill-rakers numerous, long and very strong, their length half the diameter of the eye, their number about 2%, Scales smaller than in most of the species, in about 66 transverse series. Spinous dorsal low, the fourth to seventh spines highest, all lower than the soft dorsal, the fin not deeply emarginate. Third anal spine slightly longer than the second, but not so strong. Caudal fin emar- ginate. Pectoral fins long, reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals to tlie base of the tenth dorsal spine. Ventrals not reaching to the vent. Fin rays: D. XII, 1, 15; A. Ill, 9. Color slaty black, becoming lighter below the lateral line. Belly scarcely pale. Sides often somewhat mottled. Tip of lower jaw black. To]) of head with three indistinct cross-bars: one in front of eyes, con- tinued around a.nterior rim of orbit, and extending backwards across the cheeks; one between the orbits, reappearing below in a second oblique cheek-band ; the third across occiputj extending obliquely back- wards to the upper angle of the opercle. Fins i)lain dusky. Peritoneum black, as in 8. ovalis, 8. entomeJas, and 8. ciliatus. In 8. melanops and its near relative 8. flavidus the peritoneum is always white. United States National Museum, January 5, 1881. DEiSiCRlPTIOIV OF A NE^V SPECIES OF PTYCHOrHBL,US (PTVCHO- CHILUS HARFORDfl), FROM SACRAITIEIVTO RIVER. By DAVID S. JORDAN aaul CHAKLES H. OILBEUT. Ptychochilus harfordi, sp. uov. Allied to Pt. oref/onensls (Eich.), but with much smaller scales. Body long and slender, little compressed, the back not elevated, the caudal peduncle large and stout. Greatest depth of body contained 5f times in its length from snout to base of caudal. Head long, i)ike-like, subconic, rather slender, broad and depressed above. Length of head contained 4 times in length to base of caudal Mouth terminal, oblique, the lower jaw somewhat j)rojecting. Premaxillary anteriorly on the level of the eye. Maxillary, as in other species, closely adherent to the preorbital, except near its end, where it slips under the x>reorbitaL its tip extending just beyond the vertical from the front of the eye. Length of cleft of mouth contained 2| times in length of head. Interorbital width 3^ times in the length ol head. E^'e small, placed high, its diam- eter contained 3 times in the length of the snout, 10 times in that of the head. Cheeks very broad. Lips normal, as in other species of the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73 genus. Gill-rakervs \'eiy short. Pseudoltraiicliife large. Gill-membranes in one si)ecimen united and Avliolly free from the isthmus ; in the others joined as usual in Cyprinidce. The condition in the first specimen is doubtless abnormal. Pharyngeal bones and teeth as in the other spe- cies of the genus ; the teeth 2, 4-5, 2, slender, hooked, without grind- ing surface. Scales 17-90-9, those on the back and belly rather smaller than the others, those on the breast imbedded. Lateral line very strongly de- curved, its lowest point scarcely above the line of insertion of the pec- toral tins. Dorsal tin inserted at a point midway between eye and base of cau- dal, a little behind the insertion of the ventrals. Caudal short and deep, not strongly forked, the lobes equal, the accessory rays not nu- merous. Pectorals not large, extending three-fifths the distance to the ventrals, which reach two-thirds the distance to the vent. Anal fin small. Dorsal rays I, 8 ; anal I, 7. This species reaches a length of nearly 3 feet. It is brought into the markets of San Francisco in considerable numbers in the winter, in companj" with the closely related and still larger species FtycJwehilus oregonensis {Pt. grandis Ayres), with which species it has been hitherto confounded. The latter sj^ecies is, however at once distinguished by its larger scales, the usual number being 12-75-0. PtycliocMlus rapax Grd. has the larger scales of PtychocMlus oregonensis, and the lateral line is rei^reseuted as little decurved, the scales more loosel.y imbricated ; and Pt. lucius Grd., from the Colorado River, is represented as having the scales still smaller than in Pt. harfordi, while '^PtychocMlus vorax Grd." is not a member of this genus at all, but belongs to the group called Gila. We have named this species for Mr. W. G. W. Harford, curator of the California Academy of Sciences, who has taken much interest in the de- velopment of the ichthyology of California, and to whom the National Museum has been indebted for many favors. The typical specimens, four in number, are entered as Xo. 2724G on the Museum Register. The largest one is about 18 inches in length, the others a little smaller. They were obtained by the writers in the San Francisco market, and were taken in the Sacramento River. United States National Museum, January 5, 1881. IVOTE O.X RAIA IXOKIVATA. By DAVID K. JOKDAI\ and CHARLES H. OILB£RT. Four species of the genus Raia are known from the Pacific coast of the United States. One of these Avas described by Girard, under the name of liaia binoculata, in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 196, and later under the name of Uraptera binoculata. The description con- 74 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tains little that is characteristic, and the typical example seems to be lost. We have, however, no doubt that it was based on a young indi- vidual of the large skate called by us, on page 252 and elsewhere in these Proceedings (Vol. Ill), Baia cooperi. The presence of the single spine on the median line of the back anteriorly, as described by Girard, is one of the most constant diagnostic characters of the young of this species, and we have never found less than three or four such species in the corres- l)onding position in the species called by us hitherto Eaia hinoculata. The Baia cooperi of Girard is based on a drawing by Dr. Cooper, and the great size is the only diagnostic character assigned to it. As three of the species reach a length of but 30 inches and the other a length of 6 feet, we have no difficulty iu making an identification with the species described by us as Baia cooperi on page 252. Baia hinoculata of Girard is thus probably the young of Baia cooperi of Girard. The large skate should therefore be called Baia hinoculata, while the species described fey us OD page 134 of the Proceedings as Baia hinoculata may receive the new name of Baia inornata. Specimens of this species obtained at Santa Barbara represent a marked variety, distiuguished by the small number and feebleness of the spines an(U.i^IORTAI.ITV IIV TKE GVI^V OF ITIJBXICO. By ERNEST INOERSOEE. Sir: Pursuant to your verbal suggestion, I made it an object, during my recent cruise down the western coast of Florida in the service of the Superintendent of the Census, to inquire into the so called ^'poisoned water-' which was supposed to have caused the remarkable mortality among the sea-fishes that occurred in the autumn of 1880. I am sorry to be able to give so meagre an account of the matter as follows; but must beg excuses on the plea that I was too late to see any actual de- struction, since the cause had wholly disappeared previous to my arrival there, and also from the fact that I was unable to carry out my intention of going to Key West, where most of the fishermen live who suffered in- jury, and who could jjerhafjs have furnished additional information. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 75 It appears that this inistbrtime is not a uew experience in the eastern part of the Gulf of IMexico. One of the ohlest residents on the Floridau coast, Mr. Benjamin Curry, of Manatee, tokl nie, what others confirmed, that as far back as 1844 a wide-spread destruction of all sorts of salt- water animal life occurred, apparently due to causes precisely similar to those which produced the lately noticed desolation. Again, in 1854 the fishes suffered all along the southern shore, and have done so at intervals since to a less degree, until in 1878 an excessive fatality spread among them, which was wider in the extent of its damaging effects and prob- ably more destructive in point of number of victims than the later visi- tation of 1880. Even the cooler half of 1879 was not exempt from some ai)pearance of the i)lague. In regard to some of the manifestations of this deadly iniluence in the sea during 1878, Mr. John Brady, jr., an intelligent captain, told me that the time of year was January, and that the "poisoned water", to which universal belief credits the death of the fishes, could easily be distin- guished from the clear blue of the pure surrounding element. This discolored water ap[)eared in long patches or "streaks", sometimes 100 yards wide, drifting lengthways with the flow of the tide. The earliest indication of it was the floating up qt vast quantities of dead sponges — chiefly "loggerheads". All those seen by Mr Brady w-ere less than 40 miles north of Key West, in what is known as " The Bay", nor has any- thing of the sort been seen at any time outside (/. e., southward or east- ward) of the Florida Reefs ; but it was soon discovered that all the hith- erto profitable sponging grounds lying off" tlie coast as far north nearly as Cedar Keys, and particularly off" the Anclotes, had been ruined. These grounds are only now beginning to show signs of reprodnctive- ness in sponges. At the same time, many portions of this area—for example, Sarasota Bay—seem not to have been affected, sufidciently at least to cause the death of swimming fishes to any great extent. In the case of the sponges, only a few of other species than the loggerhead would be seen floating; but when they were hooked into, all were found dead, though still cliiiging to the bottom. When a sponge dies natur- ally it gradually becomes white at its base, through the loss of its sar- codal matter, but all these were observed to have turned black. The abandonment of these sponging grounds from the Reefs to Cedar Keys, during the three or four years following this attack, entails a loss which it is hard to estimate, because partially compensated in the increased price of the article in the market due to its consequent scarcity, and because at all times the product there is an uncertain quantity; but I hazard the opinion that $100,000 would not repair the damage to this business interest alone. Had it not been for the fortunate discovery just at that time of the sponge-tracts oft" Rock Isl^^nd, northward of the Suwanee River, almost a famine in this article would have ensued. Concerning the attack of 1880 I am able to say more. It began sud- denly, and immediately followed the terrible hurricane which is known 76 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. as the "August gale", the fish aud all other ocean life suddenly dying in hordes all along the southern (eastern) shore of Tampa Bay, on Egmont Key, at its mouth, which was the most northern poiut, and thence southward as far as Shark River, in Whitewater Bay, on the coast. Thence fatal localities were to be found in the currents that set southward through Bahia Honda Passage, through the Xorthwest Pas- sage beyond Key West, and even out in the neighborhood of the far- isolated Tortugas. Everywhere throughout this whole extent of coast, except in the mouths of the rivers and in the shallow bayous, all the forms of sea- life died as though stricken with a plague fatal alike to all, aud were drifted upon the beaches in long windrows so dense that near humau habitations men were obliged to unite in burying them to prevent a pestilential stench, or to haul them away by wagon-loads to be pre- l)ared for manure, as was done in some cases. Not only were swimming fishes destroyed, but sponges, crabs (I saw upon the beaches thousands, of horseshoe-crabs laden with their chains of undischarged eggs), and great numbers of mollusks. The oysters at the mouth of Manatee Eiver and in Tampa were spoiled (in imagination if not in fact!), and the excellent clams of Sarasota Bay became weak, tasteless, and of a re- pulsive green hue at their edges. A graphic account has been given, me in a letter received from Mr. Charles Moore, jr., keeper of the light- house on Egmont Key, at the entrance of Tampa Bay, the original of which I transmit herewith. This point witnessed the height of the ca- lamity, and as Mr. Moore was ijresent during the whole season, his ac- count of facts is valuable. Mr. Moore writes: Egmont Key, Fla., February 20, 1881. Sir : As I promised to give you all the information about the fish dying at this station, I will do so to the best of my ability. The first dead fish we saw was on Sunday, October 17, as the tide came in. There were thousands of small fish floating on the water, most of them quite dead. 1 saw only one kind the first day; they were small fish, four or five inches long; the Key West smackmen called them "brim". They were a new fish to me. The next day other kinds Avere dying all along the shore; the pomj^ano was about the next to give in, and by the 25th October nearly all kinds of fish that inhabit these waters were dying, except the ray family. I don't remember of ever seeing anj' stinger or whipper ray, or the devil-fish, as we call the largest ones of the ray family. From the 25th of October to the 10th of November was the worst time ; during that time the stench was so bad that it was im- possible to go on the beach. I sent my family to Manatee, and the as- sistant keeper and myself shut ourselves up in our rooms and kept burning tar, coffee, suli^hur, rags, etc., night and day in order to stand it. It was warm, damp, and calm weather. They continued to die for about six weeks ; they kept getting less every day. I counted seventy sharks PROCLEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 77 within 80 yards, all small 5 I never saw a shark over four feet long dead. Tlie cow-fish and eels were about the last to die. fn regard to the cause of their dying-, I liave made uj) my mind it was caused by the fresh water, as there was immense quantities of fresh water coming down the bay, and the water here was nearly fresh on the surface, while the water underneath was perfectly salt. Xow, if the fresh water could have passed off into the Gulf without being disturbed by winds, and it would have naturally spread out thinner and thinner as it would have rolled on towards the Gulf Stream, and once it got tliere, then there wouhl have been no trouble. But on the Ttli of October we had a heavy gale from the southwest, and it continued to blow from the south and west until the 11th of October, and a very heavy sea running at the mouth of the bay, and it churned the fresh and salt water all up together, and the strong southerly winds set this mixed water back and kept it here for several days. I noticed, a few days before the fish commenced to die, a peculiar smell on the water, something like the smell of bilge- water, and the color of the water was a dirty green, mixed with small sediment. I noticed the fish while they were dying, when they first come in shoal water; they would act crazy, dart around in every direc- tion, but in a short time would give up and float ashore. On examining them I found their gills all glued together with a slimy substance and of a whitish color,* and in a short time the gills would turn green and the fish bloat very large. I cannot make any correct statement as to the number that died, but thousands of barrels floated up on this island. There are no fish dying now ; all we catch are fat and nice. I should have written to you before, but I have been very busy. I've had a new duty to i)erform, taking the tide every half hour. Any in- formation I can give you at any time I will be happy to do so. My address is : Braideutown, Manatee County, Florida. "Very respectfully, CHARLES MOORE, Jr., Keeper of Egmon^ Light-House. Ernest Ingersoll, U. aS'. Fifih Co>iniiisfla- nation of the mortality at Egmont Key. In a few confined spots, where fishes could not escape at will, this might now and then cause a death; but it is notorious that the fishes of the Gulf coast make little or no distinction between salt and fresh water. Alligators swim to the outermost keys, and the best sheeps- head caught are those far up the Caloosahatchie, uhere the stream is always sweet, while the por[)oise and shark chase the mullet away in toward the head of the bayous, or until the river-channel gets too shal- low for them to swim farther. A little fresh water, or a good deal, more or less, would receive no attention whatever from a Floridau fish. The Mississippi has been deluging the Gulf with a well-nigh Amazonian volume of water* fresh not only, but thick and nasty, yet no one sup- poses the fishes off the delta are obliged to stay in its murky flood unless they choose, or, if they do, that they suffer by it, except to the palate of the epicure. But a more cogent argument, from facts perhaps overlooked hereto- fore*, exists against any theory which see^s to explain the destruction of marine life inside the Florida reefs by any landward agency. This is that it was in all cases the dwellers on the bottoui that perished first, while the surface-feeders were the last to be affected, and as a rule escaped altogether. (Until 18S0, I was told, no mullets were ever known to be killed.) It was the death of sponges, couchs, sea-anemones, crawling horseshoe-crabs, of toad-fish, cow-fish, skates, and the like, which keep close down on the bottom, that first apj)rised the fisher- men of thfi presence of their dreaded and mysterious enemy. Next came the bodies of red-fish, groupers, pompanos, and other deep swim- mers, and last of all a few mullets and sharks. Fresh water, tinctured with tannin or untinctured, would not etiect this. It would float on the surface, having a lesser density. If it exerted a noxious influence it would be the surface-life that would first sucmmb, the bottom-life long- est escape. But quite the reverse has beeu the case, and this, with other appearances, leads to the conclusion that the "i)oison" springs from the bottom of the sea, or is formed in its waters. The only way to account for tiiis is by supposing that eruptions of Tolcanic gases may have taken place through the bottom of the sea 80 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. along a line stretching from Tampa Bay to tbe Tortngas, and thruugb the western half of the Florida Keys. luqniring as well as I could whether there had been any evidenct s of i)lutonic action in that legioa within a few years, 1 heard a tradition that about the holidays of 1877-78 an earthquake shock had been felt on the west coast. I have had no opportunity, as yet, to verify this, but it is a well-known fact that just previous to the hurricane of last August, so well remembered by all the people of Florida West as a time of almost un])aralleled destruction of shipping and height of tid;il waves, a shoclv: of earthquake was felt throughout the whole southwestern end of the peninsula. It did con- siderable damage in the city of Key West, and was so alarming at Tampa that several persons ran in a fright from their houses. Imme- diately after it, began the sudden destruction of hsh I have described. Whether the physical shock of such an occurrence, touching the fish and creepers on the bottom, would do them harm, or whether the sub- sequent patches of "poisoned water" owed their discoloration and un- doubted deleterious properties to being saturated with suli)hurous or carbonic-acid gases derived from subterranean vents, I cannot presume to decide. But if the last supposition had been proved true, or shall be at some future time, would it not be a rational and sufficient explanation of the death of the fishes, sponges, and their kin, whenever they came in contact with the discolored water alluded to? Analysis of the suspected water w^ould have done more to solve the ques- tion, probably, than anything else can do, and it is a matter of continued regret that I could not obtain specimens of it for that purpose. After the end of September, however, the evil diminishtd, and by Christmas all of the harmful water had disappeared from the Gulf. Regretting that I could not have done more to get at the truth of the matter, in essaying which I was otlered every aid by the citizens of Florida, but continually impeded by bad weather and other untoward circumstances, I beg to submit this little that I have learned; and I have the honor to be. Very respectfidly yours, ERNEST INGERSOLL. Professor Spencer F. Baird, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, • Washington, D. G- PEOCBEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81 I¥OTES OIV SAL.in<»lVI».«: OF THE UPPER COL,VmSiA, By CAPT. CHARLES B£]VI>IR£, U. S. A. [KOTE.—The United States National Museum has lately received from Captain Bendire a ver^^ fine series of fislies from the neighborhood of Fort Walla Walla,.by far the most valuable collection of fishes ever made in the waters of the Upper Cohimbia. The series is especially valuable, as it throws much light on the life history of the Blue-back Salmon or "Eed-fish" [Oncorhynclins «er/ifl),'and shows, apparently beyond a doubt, what no one had before suspected, so far as I know, that the supposed laud-locked little red salmon [Oncorhynchus Jcennerlyi) is nothing but the young breeding male or grilse of the Oncorhynchus nerJca. Accompany- ing the collection are many valuable field-notes on the diti'erent species. Those relating to the Salmon and Trout are here extracted, each para- graph being preceded by my identification of the species to which the remarks refer.—D. S. Jobdan.] (I. Oncorhynchus nerka (Wall).) Gill & Jor. (Adults in spring dress; the ordinary "Blue-back" of the Lower Columbia.) Sjiecies of Salmon, $ and idly out a few feet from the shore, and is said to be 400 feet deep, and more than that in places. Two small streams flow into the lake, and these form the spawning ground proper for these fish ; and as there are falls about two miles above the mouth of these streams over which the fish cannot leap, they are restricted to rather limited quarters for S{)awning. The only place I saw any of these fish was on the bar near the head of the lake, and there most of them are caught. They can be seen in schools of 100 or more at almost any time during the month of August aud later. This year the run has been very light, and fishing had to a great extent stopped when I arrived at the lake on the last day of August. Four fisheries had been in oper- ation, and these had put up about 20,000 pounds of fish. 1 believe two or three years ago it had been the practice to obstruct the entrances to the small streams at the head of the lake to prevent the fish from running up these streams. This year this was not done, and a number of the settlers about the lake seem to be anxious to have the fish ])rop- erly protected, and it is not at all too soon to do it, either. The placing of obstructions in the above-meutioned streams, and perhaps this year of gill nets on tbe bar, has no doubt something to do with the scarcity of these fish. But the most abominable things of all which I saw j^er- sonally in use are several clusters of hooks tied together, so that they form a circle with a radius.of about 3 inches. Just above these hooks a lump of Red-fish eggs is laid. These are covered with moscpiito- netting, aud by this contrivance thousands of young Red-fish (the set- tlers call them " shiners," others call them " trout," but I am satisfied that it will be found that they are yearling Red-fish*) are caught and salted as well as the full-grown ones. Now, these fish are only about 4 inches long, and for every one caught two are crippled and die. So it can readily be seen that an immense number are destroyed yearly, as some parties make it a business to salt these down as well as mature fish. I examined all these modes of tishing, and when I hooked with a sin- gle hook about one out of three in some other part of the body than the head, it can readily be understood how murderous such a contrivance as the above must be, and how many young fish can be destroyed by a sin- gle person in a day. They bait them first, and when they become plenty use their grappling hooks. The fishermen at the lake complain that the Indians destroy the fish, but from i)ersonal observation I can't at all agree with them. It is true that numbers of Indians come from various parts of the country to Wal- lowa Lake yearly to fish, and they catch a good many. AVhile I was camped at the lake 1 examined the catch of every Indian that passed *No doubt ofit..—D. S. J. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. my camp, and I looked at as many as fifty Indians a day; each one had from six to twelve fish usually tied on his horse, and I found that there was about one female to ten males, and most of these were spent fish which had already spawned. They are not at all particular about this, and a fish which may be all bruised up and skinned is apparently just as well relished by therfi as a perfectly sound one, and even these In- dians appreciated the fact that it would not do to catch too mauj' females; at any rate they told me that as a rule they let the females go, and this is a good deal more than most of our white fishermen are williug to do. Mostly every one out here now concedes that the Eed-fish is not a resident of the lakes wherein it is found, and I am perfectly satis- fied that they are anadromous and not land-locked. The only thing as yet which I can't understand is, how do they get rid of the hooked nose and the hump after going back to salt water"? They surely can't all die after spawning, and sometimes one that weighs as much as ten pounds is caj^ght, and this fish is certainl}^ older than a five-pounder ; and it would not be i:)resuming too much to assert that a Salmon of that size must have made more than one trip to sea. While in the lake they do not ai)pear to eat anything, and the stomachs of several which I exam- ined were entirely empt3% I cannot understand how they get rid of their long hooked nose and hump. e. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. ((jumnat or Cliiuuook Salmon ; a young male coiTesponding to the '•kenuerlyV^ stage of the Red-fish.) Salmo quinnat ^ . A very small specimen. If not a true Chinnook Salmon, it was at least in company with several of this species. The back of this one was olive green, spotted like a trout, with round and also irregularly-shaped black spots ; sides greenish white. It was shot with several others in Bear Creek, Oregon, September 4, 1880. I was very sorry that I had not the means to preserve a pair of large Salmon which I had, but I had no room in the large tank, and these fish were too large to go in if I had the room. A male specimen meas- ured 46^ inches. Back brownish black, merging into a deep olive green on the sides, spotted with well-defined black spots on back, upper part of the sides, and caudal fins ; a large bright purple patch, some 8-9 inches long, 2^ to 3 wide, on the lower anal region from the ventral fin back to tail. Belly very i^ale olive green and whitish. The female meas- ured 37^- inches ; colored like the male, but without any trace of red what- ever. These fish had not spawned as yet, September 4. The red about the anal region is much more perceptible in large specimi3ns than in small ones. None of the females (three) showed any red on •^them ; all the larger males did, excepting the specimen I put up. The^ fish were all in good condition, none bruised and skinned up, the way I have seen them on the headwaters of the Salmon River. The Indians catch but few of these Salmon, preferring the Eed-fish, which, from its small size, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 is easier cured ; partly smoked and dried. Now and then, I am told, these Salmon run up the Wallowa River to the entrance of the lake, but invariably turn back again as soon as they strike the deep water. I cannot vouch for the truth of this, but every one of the fishermen claims that the princi- pal spawning- grounds of the Chinnook Sal- mon, in the vicinity of LakeWallowa, are near the head of the South Fork of the Wallowa River, and in Bear Creek, Oregon. But these fish arrive in smaller numbers every year, and are diminish- ing even more rapidly than the Red-fish. /. Salmo purpuratus Pal- las. Trout called Salmon- Trout at Fort Ccpur d'Alene. Belly silver white, a red stripe along the side, head and back steel-blue, with small black spots scattered over head and back. Small spe- cimens have also a few l)lack spots under the red stripe; these are found mostly towards tlie head. (J. Salmo purpuratus Pal- las. Called a Mountain Trout; $ weight 7 pounds 2 ounces,length 2^ inches. I opened this fish yesterday, Sep- tember 18, to show him, and see that it has greatly changed. Xo red 86 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. was visible whatever on the sides when caught. The back was bkiish horn coh>r with black crescent-shaped spots, sides and belly silvery white. Three lar.c^er specimens than this were caught in Wallowa Lake this season by Mr. Messenger; one weighing over 10 i^ounds. I had another one which weighed 44 pounds, but had no room for it in the collecting tank, and therefore had it cooked. //. Salmo purpuratus Pallas. Far. Bouvieri Bendire. (A Yuiiety siugiilavly colored, but not evidently different otherwise.) Trout from Waha Lake, 14 miles from Fort Lapwai, Idaho Territory. This lake has no visible outlet, is about 3 miles long by 1^ miles wide, and is situated on the northern slope of Craig's Mountain. I frequently fished in this lake in the years 18G9 and 1870, when stationed at Fort Lapwai, Idaho Territory, and never heard of any other kind of fish being found in said lake. All the fish caught there are about the same size, from G to 10 inches long. I believe it is a new species or variety, as no*imilar looking Trout are found in the streams or lakes in the neighborhood. Back bluish green, olive color, sides silvery; in some instances the whole belly is red, in others the sides only ; a few show a yellowish tinge ; no red on the sides. There are round black spots near the tail, and fainter ones on the fiauks. A few have an occasional spot on the head; I wo vermilion-colored stripes on each side of the under jaw ; fins edged with brick red, ranging from this color to an orange. Caught August 21, 1880. This lake is very deep, and the water clear and cold. A smaller lake situated only some 400 yards from Lake Waha, and of somewhat lower altitude, contains no fish whatever. i. Salveliuus malma (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. Bull Trout, Cueur d'Alene Lake, August 5. The Bidl Trout with one exception were caught by Drum Major Sattors, Second United States Infantry, and I am indebted to Capt. William Mills and First Lieut. John K. Waring, Second Infantry, for several fine specimens of Trout and use of their boats. 4^ According to the general testimony of all the officers, at the time I was at the lake, the fishing there was very poor, at least as far as size is concerned, the largest specimen not weighing over 2^ or 3 pounds, but it seemed to me that fish weighing one pound and upwards were very plenty. The lake, no doubt, contains some large fish, particularly among the Bull Trout, of which specimens have been caught weighing 10 pounds and over. These were, at the time of my visit, very scarce, and were supposed to have gone up some of the numerous streams to spawn. The Bull Trout seems to bear his name all over this section of country, while for the others there are numerous names, no two parties agreeing. The more I see of these Trout, the less hopeful I become of adding PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87 nciw species among this iaiuily, aud I do not believe tliat over four* dif- ferent kinds are to be found in tliis upper country. j. Salvelinus malma. Bull Trout, Coiur d'Alene Lake, August 5. Belly silver white; back and upper i)arts grayisli, spotted with round pink markings ; head darker than the back, which seES€BBPTI<».'V OF OIVE IVEW SPEC'BES. By CIIARB.ES L. McKAY. The object of this paper is to give a catalogne of the genera and spe- cies of Centrarchida^- recognized by me, in anticipation of a monograpliic review of the family which ! hope to publish at some future time. The results here obtained are based on a study of all the specimens of Cen- trarchidai in the United States National Museum and in the collection of Professor Jordan. Types of nearlj' all the nominal species thus far described have been examined and compared, and I believe that very few of those here mentioned will prove invalid. The species not exam- ined by me are designated hy a star (*). J. Genus CENTiiAiicnrs C. & V. 1. Centrar^ius niacropterus (Luc.) Jor. = C. irideus C. & V. The characters assumed to distingush C. maeropterus and C. irideus disappear on examination of a large series. 2. Genus Pomoxys Kahnesque. 2. Pomoxys sparoides (L;ic.) Girard. = Cfnfrarchus hexacniifhiis Cuv. & Val. 3. Pomoxys annularis Raf. 3. Genus Arohoplites Gill. 4. Archoplites interruptus (Gid.) Gill. 4. Genus Ambloplites Eaflnesque, 5. Ambloplites rnpestris (Raf.) Gill. := '! A. cavifrons Cope. o. Genus Acantharchus Gill. 6. Acantharchus pom.ctis (Buird) Gill. * Oncorlninchus chouicha ; O.nerka; Salmn purpiiratiis ; Snli-clin us malma. Sahno irideus does not ranse so far to tlic uortliward. aud Sahno (jairdneri and tlic three other species of Oucorhi/uchuH {kcta kisutch, gorbuscha), do not ascend so far from the sea. — D. S. J. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6. Genus Ch^nobryttus Gill. 7. Cheenobryttus gulosus (C. & V.) Jor. = Centrarchns vlridis C. tenis jMUldtis Gill & Jor. 37. Micropterus ilolomieu Lacepede= Micro/Jto'MS salmoides Gill. * Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., March 10, 1881. A REVIEW OF TELM OENVS €EIVTIJBUS, SIVAIIVSOIV. By ROBERT RIDG^VAT. INTRODUCTION. The collection of the United States National Museum contains ex- amples of all the known species of the genus Centurus, excepting C. hypo- polius (Wagl.), C. ruhriventris Swains., and C. terricolor Berlepsch, the two latter being of some what doubtful status. More or less coMfusion has hitherto existed regarding the nomenclature of several of the Mid- dle American forms, and it was the desire to clear awsby as much of this confusion as possible that prompted the investigations upon which this review is based, and which have led to the discovery of relationships which were before quite unsuspected, at least by the writer. Of the fourteen forms treated of in this paper as sufficiently distinct for definition, not more than six, or less than one-half, can be said to be perfectly isolated, or to possess the requirements of perfectly distinct species ; at least the abundant material which has been examined in this connection proves beyond questiou the intergradatiou of four so-called species, while it suggests more or less strongly the probability or possi- bility of such relationship with regard to five of the remaining ten. Those which appear to be unquestionably distinct are the three West Indian species, C. radiolatus (Wagl.), C. svpereiliarin (Temm.), and C. striatus (Mlill.), and three continental species, G. nrojjygialis, Baird, C. hypopolius (Wagl.), and C. elegans (Swains.). Those which certainly in-, tergrade, and are therefore to be united under one specific designation, are G. aurifrons (Wagl.), G. santacruzi Bp., C. dvbius (Cabot), and G. hoff- manni^ Caban , all of which are, however, strongly characterized geo- graphical races or subspecies. The five forms of doubtful relationship are (1) G. caroUnus (Linn.), which may ])ossibly grade into C. riibrivcntris, but which in jjrobably distinct; (2) G. rubriventris {Sw.), with which I 94 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. am Dot autoptically acquainted, but which appears to be a northern form of G. tricolor^ or, possibly, a local race of C. anrifrons dnhius ; (3) C. tricolor (Wagl.), which in some specimens so closely approaches G. aiirifrons lioffmanni that it is often difficult to decide to which a given specimen should be referred ; and (4) G. terricolor, Berlepsch, which is possibly a local race of G. tricolor. Tn the following synopsis, I have subordinated as subspecies only those forms which are known with certainty to iiitergrade, all of which belong to C. aurifrons. Those of doubtful relatiouship are treated as species, since it seems best to ac- cord them that rank until it can be proven they are not entitled to it. Two more or less apocryphal species referred by Malherbe {Monographie dcs Picidees, ii, 1802) to this genus, Picus gerini, Temm. and P. auroca- pillns, Vig., are not included in the synoptical table, but a transcription of Malherbe's account of these supposed species is given at the end of this paper. LITERATURE. The genus Genturus has received special attention, so far as I have been able to discover, from but three authorities, viz, Malherbe, Ca- banis, and Sundevall, whose arrangements of the species, with the equiv- alent names of the present synopsis, are given below in chronological order. Also, as showing the latest arrangement, the names adopted in Sclater and Salvin's Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium. (1.) MALHERBE (1862). Mouograpliie ties PicidcSes, etc., etc., par Alf. Malherbe. 4 vols, folio. Metz : 1861-2. [The genus " Zebrapicus " ( = Centurua) ia treated in yoL ii (text), pp. 223-250, and vol. iv (plates), pll. — . ] 1. Zebrapicus suptrcUiaris, p. 223, pi. 102, figs. 1,2, and 4. = C. supcrciUaris. 2. " elef/ans, p. 225, pi. 102, ligs> 5, 6. =^ C. elegans. 3. " jJ^ijgialis, p. 330, := C. uropugialiH. it (3.) SUXDEVALL (1.S6G). Conspectus Avium Piciuarnra, edidit Carolas J. Sundevall, Gustos Musei Zool. Stock- holmiensis. Stockholmi;e : 1866. 1 vol; 8vo. pp. i-xiv. 1-116. [The species ot Ct7iturus are referred to the genus Piciin, under which they are ranged as a " Tribus 15. Pici albofasciati," on pages 52-56.] 150. Pictts striatiis Gm. (j). 52). = C. striatus. 151. " radiolatus Wagl. (p. 52). = C. radiolaius. 152. " albifrons Swaius. (p. 52). = C aiirifrons dubius. 153. " aurifrons Licht. (p. 53). =: C. aurifrons (as restricted). 154. " pohjgrummus Cabanis (p. 53). = C. aurifrons santacruzi. 155. " caro?(««s L. (p. 53). = C. carolinus. 156. •' »/ro7})/^ia/i« Baird (p. 54). • =^ C. uropygialis. 157. " hoffmanni Cabanis (p. .'")4). =: C. anrifrons hoffmanni. 158. " tricolor Wagl. (p. 54). = C. tricolor. 159. " hypopolius Wagl. (p. 55). =^ C. hypopolius. 160. " elegans Swains, (p. 55). = C. elcgans. 161. " snperciliaris Temm. (p. 55). = C. supcrciliaris. 162. " *7erfnt Temm. (p. 55). {= Melancrpes pucherani.) (4.) SCLATER &. SALVIN (1873). Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium, etc., etc. auctoribus Philippo Lutley Sclater, A. M., Phil. Doct., etc., etc. et Osberto Salviu, A. M., etc. Loudoui : Sumptibus Auctorurn. 1873. 1. -sfrialns (Bodd.) ex ins. Hayti. = C. striatus. 2. radiolaius (Wagl.) ex ins. Jamaica. = C. radiolatus. 3. a76("/Vo«s (Sw.) ex Mex. et Guatemala. = C. aurifrons santacruzi aud C. aurifrons dubius. 4. aurifrons (Wagl.) ex Mex. bor. = C. aurifrons (as restricted). 5. tricolor (Wagl.) ex Columb. Venezuela et Yeragua. = C. tricolor. 6. hoffmanni, Cab. ex Costarica. = C. aurifrons hoffmanni. 7. hypopolius (Wagl.) ex Mexico. = C. hypopolius. 8. e/e^OHs (Sw.) ex Mexico. = C. elegans. 9. sujjerciliaris (Temm.) ex ins. Cuba. = C. su2)erciliaris. 10. pucherani (Malli.) ex Mex. Am. centr. et .lEquat. occ. {= Melauerpes pucher>ini.) Genus Centurus, Swainson. Centurus, Swains. Classif. B. ii, 1837, 310 (type, Picus carolinus. Linu.).—Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 108.—B. B. & R., Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, .553.—CouKS, Kev, 1872, 196. Zcbrapicus, Malherbk, Mem. Ac. Metz, 1849, 360; Nouv. Class. Pic, 1850, ; Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 223 (type, Picus carolinus Linn.). Ch.—Bill about as long' as the head, or a little longer, the length from the tip to the nostril about equal to the tarsus, or a little greater; de- cidedly compressed anteriorlj^, but depressed at the extreme base ; the 96 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lateral groove distinct for half the length of the bill; culmen decidedly but gently curved from the base ; gonys nearly straight, and about half as long as the culmen. Nostrils broad, elliptical, situated about mid- way between the culmen and tomium, and only partly concealed by the frontal tufts. Anterior outer toe a little longer than the posterior, the inner anterior toe decidedly shorter, and the inner hind toe only about half its length. Wings long and broad, third to fifth primaries longest, the first equal to the sixth to the ninth. Tail about two-thirds as long- as the wing, gradnated, the feathers (except the outer) rather abruptly attenuated at ends. Colors, banded with black and white, or yellow, above, with more or less of the pileum scarlet in the male; below plain, the abdomen tinged with red, orange, or yellow in most species. The so-called genus Centiirus is scarcely more than an artificial division of Melanerpen, distinguished from the typical section of that genus chiefly, if not only, by a difl'erent system of coloration, which characterizes njost of the species. Even in this respect, however, the intergradation of the two sections is so complete that certain species (notably Zehrapicus imclicrani of Malherbe) may, with almost equal propriety, be referred to either group. The species referred toTias usually been included in (Jen- turns ; but after careful consideration of the question, I have concluded to place it in 3Ielanerpes, as being more closely related to certain species of that group than to any of the species of Centurus as here restricted. Its nearest allies are undoubtedly the Melanerpes chrysuuchen of Salvin, which it resembles very closely, and ^'•Picus^'' {= Melanerpes) flavifrons of Vieillot, and it may well be placed with them, while if allowed to re- main in Centurus its position would be that of an isolated or aberrant species*. Following is a list of the forms recognized in this review, with the number of specimens of each which have been examined in connection with the preparation of this paj)er: PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CEXTURUS. A.—No red on tlio rump. a. V/ithout black about the liead. (Ramp and upper taiJ-cot^erts white, immaculate, or ouly sJightlij varied icith hlaclc.) 1. C. CAHOLINUS. (?: Entire pileum and nape scarlet, paler on the forehead; ab- domen tiuged with pinkish red ; inner nebs of middle tail-feathers varied with white. 9 : Similar, but crown ash-gray, the red of the head confined to the forehead, occiput, and nape. Wing, 5.00-5.50; culmen, 1.00-1.20. Rah.—Eastern United States. 2. C. TRICOLOR. ^ : Crown, occiput, and nape, deep scarlet, sometimes inter rupted across the occiput ; forehead dingy yellowish white, abdomen deep scarlet ; both webs of middle tail-feathers broadly barred or transversely spotted with white ; upper tail-coverts Immacxilate w^hite, or scantilj^ barred, lower with dusky V-shaped markings. 9 : Pileum li^jtdrab, growing whitish autei'iorly; otherwise like the Malh. I c, Ficzebre tricolor, 3 Adult $: Forehead dull smoky whitish, more or less tinged with yel- low anteriorly (on the frontal feathers) ; crown, occiput, and nape, bright crimson scarlet, lighter posteriorly, occasionally interrupted by a band of smoky gray or light drab across the occiput ; remainder of head and neck, with lower parts, smoky drab, the head lighter anteriorly ; middle of the abdomen bright scarlet; tibiaj and crissum marked with broad V-shaped bars of black. Back and scapulars broadly barred with black and white, the bars of the latter narrower than the black ones; wings black, the coverts and secondaries broadly barred with white; prima- ries border^d terminally with white, and blotched with the same near the base. Upper tail-coverts and most of the rump white, often im- maculate, sometimes irregularly and scantily barred with dusky. Tail black, both webs of the intermedice broadly barred or transversely spot- ted with white ; lateral rectrices hoary smoky drab on the under sur- face, the terminal portion with several more or less complete whitish bars. Adult 9: Similar to the $, but red of the pileum replaced by light drab, growing gradually paler anteriorly. Bill blackish; feet dusky (olivaceous in life?). Younfj 9: Similar to the adult, but all the markings less sharply defined, and the colors duller. Young 9 : More dully colored than the adult, the nape dull orange-fulvous, instead of scarlet, the bars of the back, etc., more indistinct, and tinged with light brownish. Wing, 4.0o-l.o5; tail, 2.50-2.70; culmen, .75-1.10; tarsus, .75-.80. In general appearance this species is quite a miniature of G. caroUnus, but it is probably distinct specifically. Close inspection reveals many points of difference besides the very much smaller size. The frontlet is 102 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. yellow instead of pinkish red, and the deep red of the crown is very abruptly defined anteriorly against the whitish of the forehead, instead of blending" into the color of the frontlet, there being no trace of a whitish frontal band in 6\ carolinus ; the abdomen in C. tricolor is bright scarlet, instead of light pinkish red. In C. carolinus the tibiae and lower tail- coverts have a few longitudinal, irregularly sagittate marks of dusky, whereas these parts in tricolor are heavily banded with transverse, somewhat V-shaped bars. In carolinus only the inner webs of the middle tail-feathers are barred or spotted with white, while in tricolor both webs are so marked. C. tricolor is also very much darker colored un- derneath than C. carolinus. The females of the two species do not re- semble one another so closely as do the males. In that of C. tricolor the red of the nape is both more restricted and duller than in that of C. carolinus, the pileum is of a light smoky drab, instead of pure ash- gray, and the forehead is dull whitish, tinged with yellow anteriorl}', instead of pinkish red. These coini^arisons apply to the most southern examples of (7. carolinus I have been able to examine, viz, a considerable number from Texas and South Florida. In this species, as in most others, there is much individual variation. In a majority of the adult males the red of the naj)e is continuous witli that of the crown, but in some (as in an example from New Granada, in the collection of Salviu and Godmau), the occiput is completely' crossed by a wide band of light smoky drab, widely separating the orange red of the nape from the bright crimson vertical patch. Other examples show a more or less complete coalescence of the two red areas, in varia- ble degree, accordiug to the individual. Such examples appear to in- clude adults as well as young birds, so that age has apparently nothing to do with the variation in question. In specimens having the crimson of the crown widely separated from the more flame-colored red of the nape there is a rather close resemblance to some specimens of G. hoff- manni, in which, however, the abdomen is yellow instead of bright red, the outer webs of the middle tail-feathers streaked, instead of barred or spotted, and the nape decidedly red, instead of orange-yellow. 3 (?). CENTUEUS EUBEIVENTRIS. Ccnturus ruhriventrls, Swains. Anu. in Menag. 1838, 354 (liab. igiiot.).—Gray, Gen. B. ii, 184U, 44:^.—Lawk. Aun. Lye. N. Y. ix, 1869, 20G (Yucatau). Zehrapicus rnbriventris, Malii. Mod. Pic. ii, 1862, 248; iv, 1862, pi. cvii, fig. l{i ad.). (Mexico?) '' Zebrapicus swavisonii, Malh. 1845, in mns Britan." (Malherbe.) " Ficus aurifrons ", Bonap. P. Z. S. 1837, 116(ucc Consp. i, 1850, 119). (Fide Malherbe. ) Flczebre a ventre sanguin, Malh. 1. c. ffab.—Yucatan. This bird, which appears to be a well-defined form, I have not seen, and therefore copy Swainson's original description, and Mr.-Lawrence's remarks in Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, ISliO, pp. 20G-7, which, with Malherbe's PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATI^^NAL MUSEU;M. 103 account, is all that is known regarding it. The specimen in the Smith- sonian collection alluded to by Mr. Lawrence has unfortunately been mislaid, so that I am unable to nmke a direct comparison. Swainson's descrii)tiou is as follows: — " Front of the head, cheeks, and chin golden yellow ; ears, and con- nected stripes over the ej'es, cinereous white; nape, middle of the crown, and the belly, crimson; rump, pure white. " Inhabits ? Mus. Nost. "This most elegant species is the smallest Centurus I have yet seen. Total length, 7^^^ inches; bill, gape 1; front, y^„; wings, 4:-j\, nearly as long as the tail, which from the base is 3; tarsus, j'\j-. Upper plumage, as in the last, banded with black and white; the latter being narrower than the former; the broad grayish-white band over each eye unites in front, and there becomes white, so as to separate the golden yellow round the bill from the crimson of the crown ; the yellow covers all the face before the eye, and passes round the chin; the under plumage is light cinereous gray, the middle of the body and belly being tinged with crimson; the tail-feathers are black and unspotted, except the base of the middle pair and a few spots and obsolete bands on the outer- most; bill deep black." With regard to a specimen from Yucatan, supposed to be the same as Swainson's bird, Mr. Lawrence {I. c.) writes as follows : — " A single male specimen agrees closely with Swainson's description ; its validity, as a species, has been doubted by many writers, and gener- ally referred to C. tricolor, though admitted to be distinct by Malherbe, and accurately figured and described in his splendid Mon. of the Picida\ It seems to be very rare, as Malherbe states that besides Swainson's examjde he only knows of the male in his own collection. With spec- imens before me of C. tricolor from Bogota, St. Martha and Panama, the distinctness of the two species does not admit of a question. As stated by Malherbe, the bands on the upi^er plumage of tricolor arc twice the width of those of rubriventris ; in the last species the trans- verse white lines on the back are similar to those of C. albifronft, while in tricolor they are much as in C. aurifrons ; another marked difference is in the central tail leathers ; those of tricolor are deeply and broadly indented with white on both webs, whereas in the example of rubriven- tris these feathers are black, except for a small space at the base on the outer web, where it is white, this color extending higher up next the shaft. In size and general coloring the two species are much alike. " The acquisition of this specimen is of much iutere^, as it helps to set at rest any doubt of its claim as a distinct si)ecies, and determines its locality heretofore unknown, though sujjposed to be some part of Mexico." 104 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4 a). CENTUEUS TEEEICOLOR. Centiints terricolor, Beklepscii, Ibis, Jan. 1880, 113 (" Orinoco district or Triuidad"). " Affiuis C. trlcolori (ex Dogotu), sed major, et rosfcro lougiore, latiore ; caj)iti8 lateribus, gala et abdomiDc toto obscure brimneo-olivaceis ; ventre medio obscurti rubro (uec ihiTo-rubro) ; tectricibus caudse superioribus iuferioribusque uigro regn- laritur fasciatis, primo viso distiugueudus. Loug. alte 108, caudio 60, rostri 24, tarsi 19." Judging from the above description, tliis bird closely resembles C. tricolor, but is much darker colored, and with the upper tail-coverts much more distinctly and regularly barred than in that form. It is pos- siblj^ a local race of C. tricolor. 5. CENTUEUS AUEIFEONfe. Ficus annfrouf^, Wagl. Isis, 1829, 129, 512 ( ^ ad. ; Mexico).—Light. Noniencl. 1854, 7(5. —SuxDEV. Cousp. Pic. 1866, 53. Ceniiirus anrijrons, Ghay, Geu. B. ii, 1849, 442. — Bonap. Cousp. i, 1850, 119. — Cabax. J. f. O. 1862, 323.—Cooper Orii. Cal. i, 1870, 399 (Texas).--CouES, Key, 1872, 196, Check List, 1873, no. 307.—B. B. & E., Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 577, pi. lii, tigs. 3 aud6.—Sexxett, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv. Terr, iv, no. 1, 1878, 39 (Hidalgo and Brownsville, Texas; abt.).—Merrill, Pr, U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 1878, 151 (Ft. Brown, Texas, abt.).—Ridgw. Cat. N. Am. B. 1880, no. 373 : Norn. N. A. B. 1881, no. 373. Zebrapicus aurij'rons, Malii. Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 240 ; iv, pi. 104, figs. 1-3 ( ^ and 9 ad., $ juv.). Centuruft snhcJcjans, Boxap. P. Z. S. Nov. 14, 1837, 109 ( $ ad. ; Mexico) ; Consp. i, 1850, 119; Notes Delatr. 1854, 85; Consp. Zygod. 1854, no. 220 (excl. syn.). Centurusjlaviveiifris, SwAixs. An. in Meuag. 1838, 354 (bab. ignot. ; ; tarsus, 1.00. Decidedly the largest specimen among the twenty-five before me is an adult male from Silao, Mexico (Mme. Verdey), in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman. In this the red crown-patch is very large, covering the entire vertex, and anteriorly touching the orange-yellow frontlet, thus almost obliterating the usual grayish white frontal band; the nape is a deep reddish orange, more yellow below. I^o. 4GS15, from Laredo, Texas (January IG, 18G7 ; H. B. Butcher), also has the red crown- patch very large, and the nape still more intense flame-color than the i:)receding ; the white frontal band is well defined and complete, how- ever, though posteriorly the red crown very nearly joins the orange-red of the nape along the middle line. No. 74G77, Medina County, Texas, (April 19, 1878 ; G-. H. Kagsdale), has the whitish frontal band broader, and the red crown much more restricted, tliough posteriorly it ap- IDarently does join tbe bright orange nape in the middle portion. In most examples, however, the red on the crown forms a thoroughly iso- lated patch of variable form (oval, shield-shaped, or squarish, according to the "make" of the skin), the nai)e bright orange-yellow, and the frontal band, of grayish white, broad and comi^lete. In the female the yellow of tbe nape is usually much less intense than iu the male, in one example belonging to ^Messrs. Salvin and Godman's collection (vicinity of Mexico City, Boucard) being of a dull oily-yellow hue. An adult male from Texas, in Mr. Lawrence's collection, has the red of the crown completely confluent with that of the nape, exactly as iu typical santacruzl, except that the gray of the superciliary region en- 106 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. croacbes a very little on the sides of the occiput ; the deep goldeu yel- low of the forehead is unusually extended posteriorly, leavinj^ only a narrow bar of white between it and the red ; the nape is decidedly more flame-colored than the crown, and changes quite abruptly below and along each side into olivaceous golden yellow. The lower parts are as light as in the most extreme examples of atirifron s, while the flanks and crissum are entirely destitute of bars, having, instead, longitudinal sag ittate marks of black. The inner webs of the intermedioe are solid black. 5a. CENTUEUS AURIFEOXS SANTA-CEUZI. Centurus Santa Criisi, Bonap. P. Z. S. Nov. 14, 1837, 116 ( olygrammiis, of Cabanis, appears to have been based upon specimens representing this style. Adult females from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec agree Avith the males in the broadness of the white bars of the dorsal surface, and the white markings of the middle 108 PFvOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. rectrices 5 one of tbem (No. 57835) Las the nape bright golden yellow, the other (No. 54107, Juchitan, Sept. 8, 1868) saffron orange. Both have the outer webs of the primaries largely blotched with white toward the base. As to the females, there appears to be no correlation between the color of the nape and the locality ; those with deep red napes coming, respectively, from liaoul, Coban, and DneQas, Guatemala, and the city of Mexico, those with orange napes from Eastern Mexico (Jalapa and Mirador), Guatemala (lietaluleu), and Western Mexico. Two examples from Hon- duras, in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, are remarkable chiefly for their small size. The male (San Pedro, G. M. Whitely) is very intensely colored, the white bars of the dorsal region narrower than in any skins from Guatemala or Mexico, and very strongly tinged with fulvous, the lateral and lower poi^tions of the head deep olivedrab, in marked contrast with the white frontal crescent, the white of the rump stained with fulvous-yellow, and the lower parts much deeper olivaceous than other specimens ; the inner webs of the middle rectrices are solid black. The measurements of this specimen are as follows : Wing, 5.00; tail, 3.30; culmen, 1.15; and tarsus, .88. The female (Julian, G. M. Whitely) is of abnormally small dimensions, measuring, wing, 4.G0; tail, 2.90; culmen, .95; tarsus, .80. It appears, however, to be an immature bird, and may not have attained its full size. In colors, it is very dark, like the male from San Pedro. It is not uncommon for very higbly-colored examples to have the white of the rumj) and upper tail-coverts more or less tinged with yellow. 5b. CENTURUS AURIFRONS DUBIUS. " Picus caroVuius", Cabot (nee LiNX.), App. Stephens' Trav. ii., — , 475. (Uxmal, Tu- cafau.) Picus dahius, Cabot, Jonr. Bost. Soc. N. H. v, 1845, 91. (Uxmal, Yucatan.) Picus er!ifhro2)kthaI niKS, Licnr. "Cat. MSS. Mas. Berol. 1844"; Nomeucl. 1854, 76. — Eeicii. Handb. Oct. 1854, 40^, tab. 664, figs, 4396-7 ( ly-defined band of nearly pure white. In other respects the two are very different, C. cnrolinns having the white bars on the back, etc., about three times as wide, the upper tail-coverts varied with black, the middle tail-feathers largely varied with white, etc. Comparing the females of the two species, the present one has the crown an altogether lighter gray, and the red of the nape and frontlet much more intense—the latter also more abruptly defined. It is not to be supposed, however, that the characters of this form, as given above, are absolutely constant, for this is not the case; on the con- trary, specimens now before me i)Iainly indicate, if they do not actually prove, intergradation Avith C. santacrnzi. Specimens from northern Yu- catan are, so far as I have seen, purely tyi)ical ; but an adult male in Mr. Lawrence's collection, saiVZ to be from Guatemala, has the red of the belly decidedly lighter and more flame-colored than in Yucatan examples, Avhile an adult female from Orizaba agrees with it in this respect. The former, moreover, has the inner webs of the middle pair of rectrices deeply notched with white, while the latter has a considerable quantity of white blotching on the inner webs of the same feathers, the outer webs of which are marked, on their basal half, with a conspicuous longitu- dinal stripe of white, mostly concealed, however, by the upper coverts. In this example, the white bars above are broader (about as in average specimens of santacruzi), while the dark bars of the flanks and crissum, as well as the white ones of the terminal portion of lateral rectrices, are much broader than usual. The type of Piciis duhiits, Cabot, which has been kindly loaned me by its describer, is a fully adult male agreeing in all respects with other specimens from northern Yucatan. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5c. CENTURFS AURIFRONS nOFFMANNI. Ccntnrus hoffmannii, Caban. J. f. 0.x, 1862, 322 (Costa Rica). — Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix 1838, 131 (S:in Jos6 and Grecia, Costa Rica).—SCL. & Salv. Norn. Neotr. 1873, 100 (Costa Rica). Pkiis hoffmanni, Sundev. Consp. Pic. 1836, .54. Centnrus aurifrons var. hoffmanni, B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 554. Hah.—Costa Rica. Adult $ : Frontlet, pale dull yellow ; forehead and anterior part of superciliary region, dull whitish ; crown crimson- scarlet ; nape saffron- yellow, varyinj? to orange, sometimes tinged with orange-red ; remain- der of the head deep smoky gray (lighter anteriorly and underneath), the lower parts similar, but darker; abdomen deep saffron-yellow; tibioe, anal region, and crissum heavily barred with black, the bars ou the latter more V-shaped. Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts broadly barred with black and white, the two colors in about equal r)roportion on the dorsal region, the black in excess on the wings, the white bars on tlie secondaries being only about half as wide as the intersi)aces ; ])rimaries black, the outer webs tipped with white and usually siwtted with the same near the base; upper tail-coverts and lower rump immac- ulate white, usually faintly tinged with yellow ; tail black, the inner webs of the intermedice edged with white and deeply indented with broad bars of the same, the outer webs with a narrow longitudinal stripe of white ; lateral rectrices hoary drab on the under surface, margined ter- minally with dull white, the outer web notched along the edge, near the end, with the same, and the terminal portion of the inner web sometimes with one or more iudications of white bars. Adult 9 : Similar to the golden-ochraceous wash in some examples 5 middle of the abdomen deeply tinged with saiiron-red, the tibiae tinged with the same, and indistinctly barred with grayish dusky and dull whitish ; crissum black, narrowly and rather distantly barred with dingy white. Upper parts black, relieved by very narrow thread-like bars of white, these widest apart on wings ; upper tail-coverts and lower part of rump also black, crossed by broader and more distinct bars of white; tail deep black, the inner webs of middle pair of feathers (sometimes outer webs also) marked with narrow white bars. Adnlt 9 : Similar, but crown and upper part of occiput smoky gray, and the white of the an- terior portion of the head more obscured, or dingy. Bill black ; feet * "Above blackish, transversely marked -with white lines, beneath olivaceous ; front, chin, and sides of the head white ; crown and neck red. " Table land ; rare. " Total length, 10^; bill, If^; wings, 5; tail, 4." This bird has usually been referred to one or another of the forms of C. aiirifrons. Judging from the above description, however, and especially by Bonaiiarte's comments in P. Z. S. 1837, p. 116, it seems more probable that the present species was the one Swain- son had in view, there being at least one other AVest Indian bird in the same collection erroneously ascribed a Mexican habitat (Tyrannula iarhirostris, also from Jamaica). 112 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dusky. Young 9 : Similar to the adult, but with red featlier? on tbe middle of the crown. Wing, 5.00-5.40; tail, 3.70-4.30; culmen, 1.30- 1.45. The only species bearing any resemblance to the present one is C. santacruzi^ which, however, besides being very much smaller, has the upper tailcoverts and lower rump immacuhite white, the frontlet golden- yellow or orange, the lower i)arts much paler, and the white burs of the upper surface much broader. AVith the exception of G. superciliaris (of Cuba), it is the largest member of the genus, and in the decided pre- dominance of black on the rump and lower tail-coverts is entirely Ijeculiar. 7. CENTURUS UROPYGIALIS. Ceniiirus uropi/riialis, Baird, Proc. Pliilad. Acad, vii, June, 1854, 120 (Bill Williams' Eivcr, Arizona) ; B. N. Am. 1858, 111 ; ed. 1860, pi. ^Id ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 93.—Reich. Handb. 1854, 310.—Caban., J. f. O. 183-3, 330 (northern Mex- ico). — Kenxekly, Pacilic R. R. Rep. x, b. 1859, pi. 3G.—IIeer.m. lb. x, c. 1859, 17.—SUNDEVALL, Cousp. Pic. I80O, 54.—CouES, Proc. Pliilad. Acad. 1866, 57 (S. Arizona); Key, 1872, 196; Check List, 1873, no. 308.—Cooper, Orn. Cal. i, 1870, 399 (Ft. Mojave).—B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 558, pi. lii, figs. 2 and 3. —Ridgw. Cat. N. Am. B. 1880, no. 374 ; Nomencl. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 374. Centurus sul/areiventer, Reich. Handb. Oct. 1854, 410, pi. dolxiv, figs. 4411-12 ( ^ & 9 ad.). Zthr(q)icuskatipii,MAi.ii.Mon.T\c.u, 1862,245; iv, 1862, pi. cvi, figs. 4, 5 (^ and 9 ad.).* " Ceniurm hj/popoUm", Pucii. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853, 1G3 (nee LiCHT., ex Wagl.). Le Ficzl'bre dc Kaitp, Malh. 1. c. Gila Wood2)ccke); Baird, 1. c. Hub.—Western Mexico, extending into Arizona (as far as the Gila Valley), southeastern California, and western New Mexico; Lower California. Adult $: IJead, neck, and lower parts soft, rather light smoky drab, usually deepest on the nape and paler on the forehead; middle of the ab- domen pale yolk-yellow, in some specimens inclining to buff; a patch of scarlet-crimson on the middle of the crown; tibite and crissum white, broadly barred with black. Back and scapulars broadly and regularly barred with black and white, in about equal iH'oportion; wings black, the coverts and secondaries broadly and sharply barred with pure white ; primaries tipped with white, largely blotched with the same near the base, the longer quills narrowly edged with white beyond their emarginations ; rump and upper tail-coverts white, regularly barred Avith black ; tail black, the inner webs of the intermcdice white, broadly barred with black, the outer webs Avith a stripe of white extending the * Malherbe claims (Mon. Pic. ii, p. 245, foot-note) 1853 as the date of his specific name "kaupii", on the ground, that Bonaparte instituted the name " en eftet " by dedicating it, in the Revue et Magazin de Zoologie for that year, to "au savant directeur de Mns(?e de Darmstadt''. Inasmuch, however, as not even Dr. Kaup's name was given in the passage quoted as evidence, it will readily appear that Professor Baird's specific term urojjijgiaiis was really the first jiroposed. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 113 greater length of the feathers ; outer pair of rectrices broadly barred with white for at least the terminal half (sometimes the whole length), and next pair with several broad bars across the terminal portion. Adult 5 : Similar to the (? , but without the red crown patch. Wing, 5.00-5.30 ; tail, 3.50-3.90 ; cnlmen, .95-1.25 ; tarsus, .90-.95. This is the only species of the genus in which the female has neither red nor yellow anywhere about the head or neclc, and in which the lat- eral tail-feathers are banded for the greater part of their length, and the upper tail-coverts transversely barred. Among thirteen adult males now before me I find considerable varia- tion, which, however, affects chiefly the color of the nape, the exact shade of color jiervading the head and lower parts, and the size and shape of the red crown-spot. In two specimens (7G735, Fort Yuma, Dr. A. L. Heermann, and 49G8.'), Camp Grant, Arizona, March 20, 18G7, Dr. E. Palmer), the nape inclines very strongly to a light ful- vous-bnff, strikingly different in color from the occiput, sides of the crown, etc. Usually the nape is similar in tint to the breast, but of a decidedly darker shade, this being j)articularly the rule in fall speci- mens, in which the colors are darker and the texture of the feathers softer than in spring and summer. The exact tint varies greatly, how- ever, the darkest example (No. G7153, Pueblo Viejo, New Mexico, Sep- tember 19, 1873, C. J. Newberry), having the najie a deep sepia-drab, while in the lightest (No. G129, Camp Yuma, California, A. Schott), ic is a light ochraceous-buff, the lower i^arts being also much paler than usual. Summer specimens, having the plumage more worn and bleached than those killed in the fall or winter, are of course i)aler colored. The exact shape and extent of the red crown-patch vary greatly in differ- ent examples, but this may be owing in a great measure to the "make" of the skin. 8. CENTURUS HYPOPOLIUS. Pk-us hypopolius, Wagl. Isis, 1829, 514. Zebrapicits hi/popoJiiis, Malii. M6m. Ac. Metz, 1848-'9, 361 ; Mon. Pic. ii, 1862, 228 ; iv, pi. 103, figs. 4, 5 ( , 103 ; Repert. i, 1865, 294.—Scl. Catal. 18S2, 342, uo. 2042 (Cuba).—SCL. & Salv. Norn. Neotr. 1873, 101 (Cuba). Zehrapicus siqyerciUaris, Malh. Mem. Ac. Metz, 1848-9, 381 ; Mon. Pic. ii, 1882, 223 ; iv, 1862, pi. 102, figs. 1 ( Malh. 11. c. Pic-zebre superciliare > Hah.—Cuba. Adult $ : Crown, occiput, and nape bright scarlet-crimson, darker an- teriorly; frontal feathers, on each sideof the base of the culmen, reddish (usually deeply red, occasionally merely stained with this color) ; a large longitudinal patch of black on each side of the crimson crown, the lower edge bordering the bare orbital space, and extending from the anterior angle of the eye back as far as the occiput ; remainder of the head dull whitish, including a distinct and usually broad baud across the fore- head; white purest on auriculars and forehead, more tinged with light buffy-gray or^iiiie throat, this changing gradually to a deeper shade of the same on jiiguliim, the breast, sides, and abdomen deeply bufify drab, tinged with golden buff posteriorly ; middle of the abdomen bright red; flanks, tibiae, anal region, and crissum varied with V-shaped marks of black. Back, scapulars, and wings broadly barred with black and white, the dorsal region strongly washed with buff yellow; rump and upper tail-coverts white, often tinged with pink and buff yellow, the former with transverse bars, the latter with V-shaped marks of black ; tail black, the inner webs of the intennedke white, with broad, rather oblique, bars of black, the outer webs with a longitudinal stripe of white, narrow and pointed posteriorly, often barred with black anteriorly ; lat- eral pair of rectrices marked with broad bars, or transverse spots, of white, not touching the shaft except the terminal and (rarely) the sub- terminal spo:s ; inner webs with one or two broad bars of white near the end. Primaries black, the outer webs blotched with white near the base. Adult 9: Similar to the (?, but anterior part of the crown white, like the forehead, the occiput and posterior part of the crown black, this confluent with the black superciliary patches : bill blackish ; feet oliva- ceous dusky. Wing, 5.40-0.00; tail, 4.50-4.80 ; culmen, 1.30-1.G5; tar- sus, 1.00-1.10. The unique characters of this very distinct species consist in the large size (large ;t in the genus), superciliary black patches combined with PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117 scarlet nape and red froutlet ; equal width of the light and dark bars of the upper surface (in this respect most resembling G. carolimis), and the distinct buff-yellow wash which pervades the dorsal region. 11. CEJ^TTURUS STRIATUS. Picus dominicensis sfrial us, Bkiss. Om. iv, 17G0, Go, pi. iv, fig. 1 { S ad.). Ficios (lomiiiicensis striatm minor, Briss. t. c. G7, pi. iii, fig. 2(9 ad.). Picas striatus Mull. S. N. Suppl. 1776.—Bodd. Tabl. P. E. 1783 (ex PI. Enl. 281, 614).— Gmel. S. N. i, 1788, 427.—Lath. Ind. Oni. i, 1790, 238.—Valenc. Diet. Se. Nat. xl, —, 173 ( 9 ).—ViEiLL. Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, pi. 114 ( LICEI. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, AjjHI 5, 1879. SiE : Having completed the examination of sea-waters from the Gulf of Mexico, so far as the scant supply would permit, I have the honor to offer the following report thereupon, the water in which the fish die being designated as A, the good water as B : A. B. Specific gravity 1. 024 1. 023 Solid constituents (total), per cent 4. 0780 4. 1095 Ferric compounds, per cent 0. 1106 0. 0724 Injurious organic matter ratio=3 ratio=2 I find that the water A contains a large quantity of Algce and infu- soria. It is eminently probable that the former may have had an in- jurious effect upon the fish. Specimens of the algae have been submit- ted to Professor Goode, who will send them to some expert, in order that their specific character may be determined. The "dead fish" in possession of the United States National Museum are such that any examination of the organs of respiration will be of no avail. I cannot find, even by spectroscopic analysis, any mineral constituents in the water A which could noxiously affect the fish. In my estimation the death of fish was caused by the more or less parasitic algae, which are found in large quantities in water A, but do not occur at all in water B. In case the same phenomenon should recur, the presence of an expert in the questions involved, more particularly chemistry and botany, would most likely lead to definite results. Eespectfully, r. M. EXDLICH. Prof. S. F. Baird, ISecretary Smithsonian Institution, Washington, B. G. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125 FISH iWORTAIilTY IN THE OU1.F OF MEXICO. By m. A. MOORE. Braedentown p. O., Manatee County, Florida, Xovemher 30, 18Sa. Sir : I hope you will excuse the liberty I take in writing you this let- ter, but on yesterday Maj. W. I. Turner gave me a blank circular of yours and asked me to fill out the queries for him, which I did, and thought no more of it at the time. But on thinking the matter over I have come to the conclusion that there is a matter here that might be of some interest to your commissiou, as it is one of most vital imi^ortance to many here. You are doubtless aware that we have employed here a number of vessels as fishing-smacks, ranging from 30 to 50 tons, whose vocation it is to carry live fish to the Cuban markets. This industry provides occu- pation and subsistence for a large i)ortion of our population in South Florida. About two years ago certain j^ortions of our Gulf waters became poisoned in some waj^ that caused the death of all the fish that came ii. contact with it. Whenever a smack with a full fare, i. e., a full cargo of fine healthy fish in her well, sailed into this poisoned water every fish would die, and they would have to be thrown awaj'. This compelled the vessel to return to fishing, at the loss of a month's hard work. This state of affairs has occurred again ; the waters of some portions of the Gulf becoming so noxious as to kill the fish. The poison seems to be confined to certain localities and currents for the time beiug, as sometimes this state of affairs is observed more marked at one place and sometimes at another. However, there seems to be more of it about the mouth of Charlotte Harbor and off" Puuta Eassa than elsewhere. When this condition of water prevails, the surface of the water is covered with dead fish, and the beach is covered with them in such num- bers that sometimes the stench is intolerable. During its prevalence two years ago the military commauder at Fort Jefferson on the Tortugas had to make daily details to carry off the dead fish thrown up on the beach for fear it would breed a pestilence. I live immediately on the beach of Palma Sola Bay, and some two weeks ago the beach was covered with dead fish. The only thing that seems to be inexplicable is that this water seems to affect what are termed here bottom- fish more than any others. The i)rincipal game of the fish- ing smack are the grouper {Serranus nigritis), and the snapper {Ser- ranns erythrogaster). These, with the perch, king-fish, trout, and all those fish which take the hooks seem to' be much more affected than the mullet {Mttgil Uneatus), or the pompano {Bothrolccmus ])ampanus\. In our parlance here fish that take the hook are called bottom-fish in contra- 126 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. distinction from those tliat go in schools and are taken with the net, and the bottom-fish seem to be more affected by this water than the others. Numbers of sharks and rays, eels and catfish are thrown up dead on the beach. I am not aware that there has been any report of this matter made to your commission, or any attempt made at the analysis of the water, and would not have taken the liberty of writing, save for the fact that the greater part of our fishermen are comparatively illiterate. My own opinion is that the state and condition of the water are caused by some volcanic action at the bottom. I may be wrong in my technical names of the fish, but our fish have never been properly classified, and I give you the best I can do. With a renewed apology for the liberty I have taken, 1 remain, most respectfully, M. A. MOORE. Professor Bated, Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries^ Washinf/ton, I). C OlS THE J>KSTBlJ€TIOr¥ OF FISH BY POff.IjUTED \f'ATFRS IN THE Gll,F OF MEXICO. By W. C. W. OLAZISR, Assistant SuB'g:con, M. H. S. Treasury Department, Office Supervising Surgeon-General * United States Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C, December 7, 1880. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith copy of a letter received on the 3d instant from Assistant Surgeon W. C. W. Glazier, of this service, now on duty at Key West, which it was thought might be of interest to you. Very respectfully, JOHN B. HAMILTON, Surgeon- General U. 8. Marine Hospital Service. Prof. S. F. Baird, Comtnissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D. C. United States Marine Hospital Service, District of the Gulf, Port of Key West, Pla., Siirgeon^s Office, November 25, 1880. Sir: I have the honor to report, as a matter of scientific interest, that it has occurred several times that fishermen returning from the coast of Florida with fish, in an apartment of their boats communica- ting freely with the surrounding water, have had them die suddenly on reaching a certain kind of water distinguishable by its color. This has PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEQM. 127 occurred several times, notably about 18G5 and in 1878, when large num- bers were thrown on the shore at Key West, many of them of very large size, so that perbaps all that came within the influence of the poisoned water perished sooner or later. There is nothing known as to the origin of the poisonous qualities of the waters that alt'ect the fish in this way, but the prevalent opinion seems to be that there is something emptied into the beds of the fresh- water courses from volcanic or geyser-like springs, and that as soon as the water thus impregnated reaches the sea it kills every living thing that comes under its influence. It has been reported that several smacks have lost their cargoes within the last two weeks, and that the waters of Tampa, Sarasota, and Charlotte Harbor were covered with thousands of dead fish, and that the stench was so great that the vessels were obliged to keei> free from them. Very respectful!}^, W. C. W. GLAZIER, Assistant Surgeon, 21. H. S. The Surgeon-General U. S. Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C. NOTES OIV S07IX: FISHES FKOm HUDSON'S BAY. By TARLETOi\ fl. BEA]\. Two small collections of fishes collected in the Hudson's Bay region, and received by the United States jSTational Museum in 1880, are worthy of note, because fishes from that quarter are rarely added to museums in the United States, and consequently our knowledge of the fauna is limited. One of these lots embraces the following four species, presented by Walton Hayden, esq., from Moose Factory. The numbers at the left of the name of the species refer to the Museum Fish Catalogue. 27782. Percopsis gtjttatus Ag. The dorsal has 9 to 11 developed rays 5 the anal i, 7 ; ventral 8; scales in lateral line 47 to 18. Seven specimens were obtained. 27783. Stizostethium vitreum (Mitch.) Jord. & Copeland. Two young examples about 3.} inches long. 27781. ACIPENSER MACULOSUS LeS. A young individual 44 inches long. 27785. Uranidea spilota Cope. One specimen measuring 4 inches without the tail, which is wanting. Vomerine teeth only. D. ix, 18 ; A. 12 ; V. i, 4. From Robert Bell, M. D., Assistant Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, have just come the following six species, all of them collected at the aouth of IS^elson River except Cottus labradorictis, which is from 128 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. near York Factory. As the last species has figured among the doubt- fol ones in our lists of East Coast fishes, I give a somewhat detailed de- scription of it. 2777G. Percopsis guttatus Ag."" 27777. Stizostethium vitreum? = {TAicioperca americana Cuv.) The example is very young and entirely without scales, but the species is most probably vltrcum. 27778. GaSterosteus pungitius L. = {Pygosteus occidentalis [C. & Y.] Brev.). This is the form described as G. nebulosus by Agassiz. It does not differ from marine pungitius except in its fresh-water habits. 27770. Gasterosteus aculeatus var. gymnurus Cuv. The few scaly plates on the anterior part of the body are present, but rudimentary. 27780. COTTUS LABRADORicus (Girard). Taken near York Factory, Hudson's Bay, by Eobert Bell, M. D., As- sistant Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, 1880. Br. vi; D. X, 14; A. 14; Y. i, 3; P. 17 ; C. 11 (developed). Two small spines above the snout ; a rough irregular prominence above each orbit and two similar ones on the occiput. The slight de- pression on the crown becomes narrower posteriorly where its width is about one-half the length of the space included between the supraorbital and occipital i)rominences. Four preoperctdar spines, two of which are at the angle; the uppermost and longest is two-thirds as long as the eye, but the spine is slightly imjierfect ; the two lower spines are short and extend downward and slightly forward. The length of the longest ])reopercular spine equals the distance between the eyes measured on the bone. The long diameter of the eye is one-fifth of the length of the side of the head, and nearly equal to the length of the snout. The maxilla is twice as long as the eye, about half as long as the head to the end of the opercular spine, and extends to about the vertical through the hind margin of the eye. Teeth on the vomer, none on the pala- tnies. The dorsal spines are slender; the first is twice as long as the distance between the eyes; the third and longest is five-sixths as long as the maxilla and one-half as long as the distance from the tip of the snout to the end of the occipital prominences. The length of the spinous dorsal base is ouelourth of the total length without caudal. The interval between the spinous and soft dorsals is one-half as long as the eye. The longest ray of the soft dorsal (9tli) is about as long as the middle caudal rays, or one-sixth of the total length with caudal. The pectorals reach a little beyond the origin of the anal (to the second ray of the anal) ; the ventrals are as long as the postorbital part of the head and do not reach near the vent. Skin above the lateral line PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129 with a. few spiny tubercles, none of them more than one-fourth as long- as the eye. The specimen sent is a dried individual and its colors cannot be made out. There is a small slit behind the fourth gill. The local name at York Factorj^ is " Miller's Thumb," according to Dr. Bell. 27781. CoREGONUS Artedi LeS. var. The species agrees in all respects with typical Artedi from the Great Lakes with the exception of its smaller eye. Two larger examples col- lected at Moose Factory many years ago also have the eye notably smaller than in C. Artedi. The local name at York Factory, says Dr. Bell, is " tulihV^ It must not be inferred, however, that the species is at all like Coregomis tulUbee, for it is not closely related to this form. Specimens in alcohol are much desired. U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C, March 28, 1881. OIV THE MHVERAI^OOICAL. COMPOSSTIOIV OF THE: IVOKITIAr. ITIEMO* Z05C diabase: upoiv the: ati>aivti€ isorde:r. By GEORGE 'W. HALVES, Ph. I>. In my opinion the Mesozoic " trap rocks" have excited more interest and received more lithological attention than any other defined rock species upon the Atlantic border. There is, therefore, no rock concern- ing the geological features and chemical comi)osition of which we are so well informed; but much as it has been discussed, the mineralogical composition has, in part, remained a matter of speculation rather than of definite knowledge. As our methods for determining such points are now much more satisfactory, I think that the final determination of the mineral comi)osition of the normal variety of this rock may be accom- plished, and this will be of much interest on account of the wide dis- tribution and the uniform character of these diabases. 1 will give a few references to show the development of our knowledge of these rocks and the essential uniformity in their composition. When Perceval wrote, no attempt was made to determine their com- position, and their geological features and diytribution were chi-efly con- sidered.^ Prof. J. D. Dana has at different times pointed out the wonderful uniformity of these rocks wherever they occur, intersecting the Meso- zoic sandstones on the Atlantic border.^ He quotes specific gra\'ity determinations by Professor Brush of Is'ew Haven, Professor Cooke of New Jersey, Professor Kerr of Ealeigh, N. C, and Professor Howe o£ Nova Scotia, made uj)on specimens from their respev^tive localities, and 1 See Dana's Geology, page 20. ^Americau Journal of Science, series iii, vol. vi, page 104. Proc. Nat. IVIus. 81 9 June 2S, 1 8i8 1. 130 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. which arc essentially alike. Professor Dana considered these rocks as composed of pyroxene, magnetite, and labradorite. Professor Howe^ soon afterward made further determinations of spe- cific gravity with the view of illustrating more full}' the uniformity of this composition. Chemical analyses of these rocks have been made by Prof. G-. H. Cooke,^ Prof. W. G. Mixter,3 S. T. Tyson,^ and Dr. F. A. Genth,^ which are all nearly concordant, and show the ultimate composition to be always nearly the same. The most extensive series of analyses has been made by myself^ upon si)ecimens taken from various points in the Connecticut Valley, and a specimen from Jersey City, which was intended to represent the Hud- son palisades. These analyses demonstrated the essential uniformity of the composition, all variations being referable to the degree of hydra- tion which represents the extent of the decomposition of the rocks, and the degree of alteration of its pyroxene to chlorite. I concluded that the feldspar was labradorite, but demonstrated that the large kernels in one variety were of anorthite. Prof. E. S. Dana*' began the microscopic examination of these rocks. He confirmed the determination that these rocks are composed of augite, triclinic feldspar, and an iron oxide, and assumed from my analysis that this feldspar was labradorite. Notwithstanding this, these rocks are stated to this day by Credner to be diorites, that is, hornblendic rocks. Mr. P. Frazer*' has discussed my analysis of West Eock together with the analysis b}' Professor Genth. He assumed the feldsi)ar to be a labradorite of normal composition, and calculated that labradorite and augite were present in equal proportion. From these works it is then evident that the unaltered Mesozoic dia- "bases are all very much alike, and are composed of augite, iron oxide, in the form of magnetite and titanic iron, and a feldspar that has been reasoned to be labradorite.^ This latter determination is in need of verification. The method employed by me for this determination was that proposed 1 Philosophical Magazine, February, 1876. 2 Geological Report, New Jersey, page 215. ^American Journal of Science, iii, vol. vi, page 105. *2d Geological Survey of Peuua. report of progress in York and Adams counties? page 120. 5 American Journal of Science, 1875, vol. ix, page 185. ''Proc. Am. Association Adv. Sci., Aug., 1874. ' Credner, Gdologie, page 532. With his ill-defiued definition of melaphyr, to wliich he refers a part of these rocks, they certainly have nothingto do. These rocks had •long been demonstrated to be augitic when the last edition of his work appeared, -which still states the palisades to be of diorite. **2d Geological Survey of Pcnna., vol. C, report of progress in the district of York and Adams counties. '>! speak u8w only of its essential original constituents. Biotite and h( rnbleude PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131 by Dr. Thoulet, which, though not invented by him, was brought into general notice by his more successful development of the method.^ In a solution of iodide of potassium, iodide of mercury was dissolved, and the sp. gr. of the resultant iluid was 3.18.^ Some of the diabase from Jersey City, which is particularly fresh, was pulverized till all the grains would pass through coarse muslin. From this powder the dust Avas separated by washing in water, and the mass of uniformly fine grains was put into the fluid, when the iron oxide and augite sank to the bottom and only feldspar remained on the top. I (iiluted till the sp. gr. decreased to 3, when some grains of a compound character set- tled out, and the microscope indicated that the floating mineral was entirely of feldspar. I diluted and made the gravity 2.90, aud nothing of consequence fell down, neither did any considerable portion settle from the mass till tbe sp. gr. had reached 2.G9, when at this point the mass of feldspar, on being mixed with the fluid as before, separated into two parts with such facility as to jdainly show that two minerals were present. Further cxi^eriments on the parts did not result in any further separations, aud it was therefore decided to analyze these parts. These analyses were performed by Dr. A. B. Howe, of the Scientific School at New Ilaveu, and were found to be composed as follows : FELDSPAR IN JERSEY CITY DIABAST5. Sp. Gr. over 2.G9. SiOa 52.84 .88 ALO3 18.02 .278 FczOa 1.52 .009 CaO 11.81 .21 MgO . 4G . 01 • NajO 2. 38 .038 K2O .86 .009 H2O l.OC Sp. Gr. under 2.09. SiO. 00. 54 AI2O3 24. 11 99.55 E O : E.O3 : SiOa 1 1 3.3 E2O : 110 1. 4.7 Fe^Oa CaO MgO . Na^O. K2O . H2O., 1.14 9.15 .27 , 4.11 1.00 .59 100. 97 01 ::34 007 103 107 000 Oil E O : E2O3 : SiOa 1 90 4.09 E2O : E O. 1. 2.2 It is therefore plain that the feldspathic element in this rock is not any single feldspar. One of the feldspars is very plainly labradorite, and the other has the ratio of andesite. The two feldspars were dis- have been foiiud in small amomit iu some specimens. Apatite is uniformly present as a minutely microscopic constituent, and the wliole sequence of zeolites and chlorites- \vith quartz, calcitc, and other minerals, are present as decomposition products, but as a rule it is a monotonously uniform mixture of the above three minerals. ' Theses pr^sent6es h la faculty des sciences de Paris, pour obtenir le grad de doc- teur. Contributions a I'etude des propri^tes i)hysiques et chiniiques des mineraux microscopiqnes. Par M. J. Thoulet. -This result was obtained by uniting the proportions recounueuded by Victor Gold, Schmidt, Ueber Verwendbarkeit eiiier Kaliumquecksilberjodidlosung, &c. Inaugural Dessert ation zu Heidelberg, Stuttgart, 1880. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tiDjiuishable liuder the microscope, and the optical properties of the grains otiered uo peculiarities to conflict with the above determination. The analysis of the anorthite and augite that I picked from West liock may be added, and our knowledge of this diabase may be said to be quite comi)lete as regards the composition of the fresh rock. I will place together the analyses of the rock and its other components. Professor Genth's analyses, to which I have referred, is more complete than any that I have made, since he determined the traces of lithia, copper, and sulphur. But liis analysis was made on more hydrous material; there- fore I will use my old analj'sis of West Eock, New Haven, because the analyzed material was very fresh, bright, and clear, and also illustrates the commonest variety of the rock. This rock and the following minerals from it have been analyzed: Si02.... AI2O3... re203.. FeO.... MnO... CaO..., MgO .. Na20 . . . £20... Ti02... P2O6... Igniton ^ PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STITES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 133 This anal} sis differs from the one actually performed only in fractions of percentages in the alumina and soda, and I think may be assumed as being nearly correct. The amount of iron in the two analyses is identical, but th^e is some difference in the state of oxidation, which can readily be supposed to be the result of secondary actions that have talcen place in the rock analyzed. It becomes very easy now to see how extremely diversified the fekl- spathic element may be in rocks of this nature. The molecules mr^y arrange themselves in very diversified ways, while the rocks remain identical in composition. Circumstances of cooling might cause anor- thite to separate in a nearly pure condition, when there would be a com- pensating acidity in the remainder of the feldspathic element. This is a much more satisfactory explanation than thar which I offered at the time I demonstrated the presence of anofthite in the West Kock dia- base,^ for as my analysis showed, the presence of the auorthite did not modify the ultimate composition of the rock. On the other hand pure anorthite might be entirely absent and its molecules might enter into combination with the molecules of the potassium and sodium feldspars, to form one or more intermediate species, as in the Jersey" City diabase, and much diversity' might exist in this feldspathic element in different localities without the slightest change taking place in the ultimate com- position of the rock. I regard this work as of some importance, since it completes our knowledge of the normal composition of a rock which has a great dis- tribution and very uniform characters, and shows that this rock is more complex in composition than had been suxiposed. Besides it has been common to consider what feldspar enters into the com[)Ositiou of ba-^ic rocks like this, rather than what feldspars. An exquisite balance of composition and circumstance would be necessary to crystallize such a rock with a single feldspar, and we have reason to be convinced that massive rocks are rarely simple as regards their feldspathic constituent.^ It has also an important bearing upon the micioscopic determination of feldspars by means of oi)tical properties. The method proposed by Pumpelly, and further developed by Fouque and Levy, is used lor the determination of the species of feldspar by seeking for the greatest angles which elasticity planes make with twinning planes, in the zone with axis perpendicular to the twinning plane. There is of course a pos- 1 Am. Jour. Sci. 1875, vol. ix, j). 189. I concluded that a minute change in the com- jjositiou of the I'ock would be sufficient to allow of the formation of anorthite, which on account of its infusibility would first crystallize from the rock mass, as was evi- dently the case. 2 Fouque has demonstrated the complexity of the feldspar in S.'intorin andesites, Santorin et ses Eruptions, page 3Ci(). I have examined the basic rucks at Feekskill, on the Hudson, recently described uy Professor Dana, American Journal of Science, vol. xx, page 194. The feldspathic ele- ment was easily separated into two parts, one of which was a pink variety of ande- iste and the other white orthoclase. 13-4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sible chance in a section that no crystals shoiihl be intersected in a l)lane possessing the apiiroximate maximum angle between the traces of the twinning plane and elasticity plane, and there is also a possibility ^liat one might examine many sections with approximately equal angles of extinction to the right and the left of the twinning plane, as the method requires, without meeting sucn as possess an angle characteristic of the species, even were such present; hence the correct determination of the species by this method must remain to a certain degree a matter of chance. But when the feldspathic element is complex, a determina- tion based upon this method would lead one to determine the whole of the feldspar as belonging to the species with the maximum angle of ex- tinction. This method has been applied to a very considerable extent, but the considerations here advanced show that the method, although entirely correct in principle, and certainly of some value in lithological research, is not adapted to the final determination of the exact nature of the feldspathic constituent, and is likely to lead to erroneous conclu- sions. All are familiar with the grand diversity of the secondary products that occur in these rocks, and which have enriched the mineral cabinets of the whole world. The contact, modifications, and structural features are none the less interesting ; but it is not the intention to consider these questions here. It will be well to record the observation that they are sometimes so modified by quick cooling upon the exterior walls of the dikes in contact with the sandstones that they become crypto- crj'stalline, and contain long acicular feldspar crystals in a glassy ground mass, and in other microstructures resemble augite andesites. The oc- currence of glass has not been heretofore noticed in these rocks. Ex- cepting such local modifications the rocks are always like the ordinary old diabases, and even in microscopic features monotonously alike wherever fresh stones occur. These rocks so characteristic of our Triassic are additionally interest- ing on account of the comparative absence of eruptive material intruded in the similar Triassic sandstones of Europe. National Museum, Washington, D. 6'., April 5, 1881. OIVTHE ]>ET£:R9IIIVATI0]V of FEL.08PAKIIV THI]V !!iECTIOIVS OF ROCKS. By GEORGE W. HA\» E§, PI». I>. In my recent article upon the composition of the diabases * which in- tersect the INIesozoic red sandstones upon the Atlantic border, I sug- gested that the complexity of the feldspathic element in basic rocks is probably much greater than is commonly supposed, and that this com- I)lexity is liable to cause a serious error if the method of determination * This volume, page 129. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135 by raeans of the measurement of the maximum angle between the twin- ning plane and the elasticity planes in thin sections cut in the zone with its axis perpendicular to the twinning is followed. I wish also by means of an analysis to draw a,ttention to the circum- stance, that the absence of a twinning plane parallel to the bracbypin- acoid is by no means rare, and this is a circumstance bearing upon the same point and demanding recognition in lithological woik. At the St. Paul Island, Labrador, from whence the beautiful striated labradorite specimens are obtaiued, there are also found large pieces of feldspar with beautiful broad basal cleavage planes, which show no trace of striation, and basal sections of which in polarized light under the mi- croscope show no trace of twinned structure. A piece of this feldspar in the cabinet of Professor Brush, at oSTew Haven, is of a bluish-gray color, its basal cleavage ismuch more perfect than is usually the case with labradorite, and its cleavage parallel to the clinopinacoid is very much poorer than usual. It only shows in the latter direction a conchoidal vitreous fracture, with mere traces of cleav- age. Its dark color is imparted to ^t by a multitude of minute black needles, the larger of which are iidaid parallel to the vertical axis of the crystal. The intersection of an elasticity plane and the base is incliued 50 to the edge between the basal and brachypinacoidal cleavages, while the intersection of the plane of the optic axes and the brachypinacoid is inclined 17^ to the same edge, and both inclinations are in the directions characteristic of labradorite. An analysis of this feldspar by Mr. F. W. Taylor, of the National Museum, yielded him the following result: 9.3 1. Si02 136 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. large, clear, glass}^ crystals (microtiue of Tscbermak) of a feldspar simple in structure, my analysis of wliicli proved it to be audesitc. Some of the aiiortliosites described by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt in the Geology of Can- ada, 1 8G3, Avere proven by his analysis to be composed of pure labradorite, and some sections of the same which he submitted to me for examination were found to be composed of a multitude of small grains, none of which were twinned. Some of the fine crystals of oligoclase from Bodenmais are simple crystals so far as the ordinary mode of twinning is concerned. If feldspar habitually showed their cleavages in tl\3ir sections? the optical method might still be followed with some certainty, but as they do not, when the grains are too small to allow cleavage fragments to bo obtained for optical examination, the method followed by me* in the examination of the feldspathic constituent of the Triassic diabase is the most reliable. In consideration both of the complexity of the feldspathic clement in most rocks, and of the possibility of the simplicity of structure in tri- clinic feldspars, the very carefully developed methods founded upon the relation of twinning planes and ej^isticity planes in chance sections are liable to lead to wrong results. National Museum, ^pn7 L>0, 1881. OIV CERTAIIV CRETACEOUS FOSSiTff.S FROITI ARKANSAS AND C0£.0.RAOO. By C. A. ^WHITK. In volume III of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, pp. 157-1'>2, five species of Cretaceous fossils (together with some Tertiary species) were described, but not then illustrated. Illus- trations of those Cretaceous species are now given on the accompany- ing plate of this volume, together with those of two other Cretaceous forms which are for the first time described in this article. The Arkansan species were collected by Mr. E. O. Ulrich in the vicinity of Little Eock, and by him i)resented to the Museum, together with a parcel of other fossils, mainly mollusca, which he found asso- ciated with them. The greater part of these Arkansan specimens are in the condition of mere casts of the interior of the shells, and therefore the determination of their sj)ecific and generic relations is not entirely satisfactory in all cases. *Tliis volume, page — . The method of separating constitueuts of rocks by means of a heavy solution wa? first proposed, according to von Lasauls, hy Fleuvian de Bellevne and Cordier, at the beginning of this century. Church suggested the use of the solution of the iodide of potassium in iodide of mercury, in the Mineralogical Magazine in November, 1877. Thoulet bettered the method and introduced improved apparatus. (Bulletin de la Soc. Mineral, de France, 1879, No. 1.) Victor Goldsclmiidt succeeded in increasing the special gravity of the lluid to 3.2. (Inaugural Dissertation, Stuttgart, 1880.) PFIOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137 The following is a list of them so far as their specific and generic identity could be determined : Callianassa ulrichi White. Tuhulostium cUcMauti White. li'atitilus tcxanus Shumard. Turritella ? apparently two species,. Anchura ? Lunaiia ? Corbulal ? Cythcrca ? • • Crassatella^ ? Axincca ? Ciicullcca - Idonearca Modiola — Ostrea Gryphcca pitcheri Morton 1 Spines of an Echinoid. The two species described in this article as new were collected by Mr. Cieburn in the valley of South Platte River, a few miles from Jules- burg, Colo. He found associated with these two species several other molluscau forms, all of which are characteristic of the later Cretaceous strata, equivalent with those of the Upper Missouri liiver region, which arc generally known as the Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups. The following is a list of the species collected by Mr. Cieburn, so far as they are determinable : Nautilus dekayi Morton. Placeiiticeras placenta Dekay. Scaphites conradl i\Iorton. Turris {Sercula) contortus Meek & Ilayden. Gantharu^'} jiile-sburgensis (sp. nov.). Pyropais bairdi Meek & Ilayden. Fasciolaria {Plestocheilus) culhertsoni Meek & Hayden. Pyrifusus subturritus Meek & Hayden. Anchura americana Meek & Hayden. Lucina clcburni (sp. nov.). Solemya bilix White. Inoceranius barabini Morton. Following are descriptions of the two new species before referred to, and also references to the other five Cretaceous species whi(;h were described in volume III, all of which are illustrated on the accompany- ing plate in this volume. Callianassa ULiiicni White. (Plate I, Figs. 10 and 11.) Callianassa ulrichi, White 1830, Proc. U. S. Nalioual Museum, vol. iii, p. IGl. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. \ TUB[TLOSTIUM DICKHAUTl White. (Plate I, Figs. T2aiull3.) Spirorhls? dickliaitti AVhite, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 161. Since the description of this species was published (loc. cit,), certain fragments have been brought to light which indicate th?,t this shell really belongs to a group for which Dr. Stoliczka in Pal. Indica, vol. \h p. 237, proposed the generic name Tithidosihim. Our species is indeed very closely related to his T. dlscoideum (op. cit., pi. xviii, ligs. i'0-25;. Che tubular prolongation of the mouth is one of the distinguishing features of this groux) of shells. Our specimens do not show this' fea- ture clearly, but it is probable that that portion of the shell has been broken off, as is suggested by the added outline in figure 12. CANTHAKUS ? JULESBUKGENSIS (sp. UOV.). (Plate I, Figs. 1 and 'J.) Shell short fusiform ; spire moderately elevated ; volutions convex, apparently five or six in number, obscurely flattened upon the outer side and obliquely llattened or slightly concave upon the distal side; the outer side of the volutions marked by four strongly-raised revolving ribs (including the two prominent ones which border the flattened por- tion of the outer side) which are narrower than the si)aces between them; the distal side marked by two or three similar, but less distinct revolving ribs, the convex proximal side of the last volution marked by numerous ribs similar to those of the outer side, but which decrease in prominence anteriorly after the flrst two; longitudinal varices irregular, somewhat numerous, giving the shell, in connection with the revolving ribs, a rugose aspect. Length about oO millimeters; diameter of the last volution 22 milli- meters. (Museum Xo. 114G8.) Only a single example of this species has been discovered, and that is imperfect, as shown in the ligure. Its characteristics are, however, so well marked that it may be readily recognized as distinct from any hitherto-described form. Position and locality.—Later Cretaceous stra.ta (equivalent with the Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups of the Upper Missouri Eiver region) in the vicinity of Julesburg, Colo., where it was obtained by Mr. W. Cleburn. LUCINA PROFUNDA White. (Plato I, Figs. 5au(l(>.) Ludni', profunda Wliite, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 158. EXPLANATION OF PLATE L Fig. 1. Cantharus? julesburgensis; lateral view. "2. " " aperlural view. " 3. Luciua cleburui; right-side view. " 4. " " dorsal view. " 5. Lucina profunda; right valve. " 6. " " left valve. " 7. Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta; right valve. 8. '• " " left valve. " 9. Solemya bilix; right valve. " 10. Callianassa ulrichi ; leftmamis; exterior view. " 11. " " " iuterior view. " 12. Tubulostium dickhauti ; lateral view. "13. " " peripheral view. All of natural size. Proc. F. S. X. M., Vol. IV. Plate I. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139 LUCINA CLEBURNI (sp. IIOV.). (Plo.te I, Figs. 3 and 4.) Shell moderately large, indistinctly pentahedral in marginal ontline; valves moderately convex ; posterior side trnncate, basal border rather short, nearly straight or slightly convex, abrui)tly rounded up to the posterior border and broadly rounded up to the autero-basal border; front prominent, somewhat abruptly rounded above; antero- dorsal bor- der slightly concave, nearly horizontal; postero dorsal border slightly convex, sloping downward and backward, its whole length occupied by a large prominent external ligament; lunule very narrow, hardly so wide as the ligament, and extending the whole length of the antero- dorsal border; beaks small, situated subcentrally; umbonal ridge not well defined, passing near the posterior and postero-dorsal borders. Surface marked by the usual distinct lines of growth, and also by some- what numerous strongly and sharply raised concentric lines, especially upon its upper and umbonal portions. Length 37 millimeters; height 30 millimeters; thickness, both valves together, 14 millimeters. (Museum No. 11469 ) This fine shell bears some resemblance to the preceding, but it is a more robust form, its transverse diameter is proportionally greater, the front more prominent, the basal border less abruptly rounded, and the external ligament larger and more prominent. In its large size it re- sembles L. occidcntaUs IMorton, as identified by Meek and figured in vol. ix, U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., but in its abrujjt posterior truncation and greater prominence of the upper poition of the front it differs con- spicuously from that species. The ligament of this shell is unusually large and prominent for that of a Lucina, but it has the outward characteristics of a species of that genus. Besides this, an imperfect separate valve, too fragile for pre- servation, which was found associated with the other specimens, and which apparently belongs to the same species, shows the hinge, pallial line, and muscular markings which characterize Lucina. Position and locality.—Later Cretaceous strata (equivalent with the Fox Hills and Fort Pierre Groups of the Upper Missouri River region) in the vicinity of Julesburg, Colo., where it was obtained by Mr. W. W. Cleburn, and in whose honor the specific name is given. SOLEMYA BILIX White. (Plate I, Fig. 9.) Solemya hilix White, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 158. This species was also found by Mr. Celeburn, near Julesburg, Colorado. Pteria (Oxytoma) ekecta White. (Plate I, Figs. 7 and 8.) Pteria {Oxytoma) erecta White, 1880, Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. iii, p. 1G7. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NxiTIONAL MUSEUM. DESCRIPTBOIV OF A NEW SPECIES OF ^OKSESOX (GOIJIESOX RI1ES> SOUOIV) FRO.TI SAN ©lEGO, CAI.IFOKIVIA. By ROSA SMITH. Allied to Gohiesox reticulatvs Giraril. Form essentially liketbatof G. reUculatus, and, as in that species, the snout bluntly and evenlj' curved. The greatest height of the body is across the pectoral fins, and the width is also greatest between those fins. Head broader than body but less deep. Clelt of the mouth ex- tending to the anterior rim of the orbit. Lips thickish as in G. reticulatus. The anterior incisors of the lower jaw are less declined than those of G. reticulatus, nearer vertical than horizontal, each of them tricuspid at tip, the central cusp largest; about eight incisors on the mandible. Teeth of the upper jaw conical, in an irregular series of seven to nine, the alternate four or five being larger than the other three. Gill-mem- branes free from the isthmus. Opercular spine sharp. Sucking disk entirely similar in form and structure to the other spe- cies, its tips extending nearly as far as do the free tips of the pectorals. The distance from vent to base of the caudal fin is contained in the distance from vent to tip of snout slightly more than one and a half times (2| in G. reticulatus). Length of head contained two and three-fourth times in total length to base of caudal as in G. reticulatus ; the tail jiroportionally longer than in G. reticulatus, although the vertical fins have fewer rays ; in both the dorsal fin is a little longer than the anal, having its origin in advance of the anal and terminating opposite it. The caudal fin is rounded and of a yellowish-white color, generally with few punctulations and these at its base. Dorsal rays 11 ; anal 10. Slate color rarely nearly plain, usually with rather broad, distinct, slightly mottled with paler yellowish bands across the dorsal region; the first a distinct band through the eyes, the second much broader and situated at the posterior margin of pectorals; a roundish spot of same color may be seen on each side at the base of the dorsal flu ; these spots, when viewed from above, form a third light band, its dis- tance from the second band equalling that between the orbital band and the second or central one. A dark bar at base of caudal. Under- neath yellowish, with dark ])unctulations on the lower jaw and the belly, fine punctulations on the light bands, on dorsal and pectoral fins and base of caudal. This species is known to me by about fifty examples collected by Mr. Mr. C'harles R. Orcutt, and found adhering to stones in company with TypJilogohius californiensis* at Point Loma. It dilfersfrom G. recticula- * Typhlofjohius califurmettsis Steindachner, Iclithyol. Bcitriige VIII, Sitzgber. Wien. Akad. 1879, 142 :== Othonops cos m. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1&81, 19. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 141 ins in the fewer rays in dorsal and anal and in the tricuspid teeth. The usual color is also different. The type specimen3 have been presented to the National Museum, and they are numbered 28,390 on the Museum Eegister. The largest measured If inches. Table of Measurements. Locality San Diego. Cal. J 42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chitonotus megacephalus. D. Ill, VII I 15-10. A. lo-lG. C. 9 I 11 I 9. P. 18. V. I | 3. Body deepest under origin of first dorsal, thence decreasing regularly to the caudal peduncle, which at its narrowest part is about two-sevenths of the greatest depth. Hinder part of head almost quadrangular in sec- tion, compressed, the compression increasing from the eyes forward. Head 3 ra—S^^ ; greatest depth G| times in total length. Greatest width at gill-covers slightly less than greatest depth. , Eyes large, oval, about 3^ times in length of side of head, their lon- gitudinal diameter exceeding the length of the snout by about five- twelfths ; the hinder margin of the orbit rather nearer the tip of the operculum than that of the snout, and the interorbital space very nar- row, so that the eyes are directed obliquely uj)wards. Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower, which is received within it ; posterior extremity of maxillary slightly in front of or beneath the posterior orbital margin. Teeth in both jaws villiform, sharp, uniform, in a long but not wide band. Intermaxillaries protractile downwards. Suout convex longitudinally and transversely. Nostrils with membranous tubes ; the anterior lateral, in a line between the centre of the eye and the tip of the upper jaw ; the posterior in a concavity between the extremities of the ascending processes of the pre- maxillaries and the raised anterior upper orbititl margin. Nasal ten- tacles long but narrow, situated above the anterior nostril and just in front of the sharp, backward-directed nasal spine. Eye tentacles simi- lar to nasal tentacle. Four i^reopercular spines ; the upper longest, with 2-4 prongs on its upper side besides the tip ; second horizontal ; third directed down- wards ; lowest directed downwards and forwards. Operculum unarmed, its membranous tip vertical with the first ray of the second half of the first dorsal. An inner and outer pair of spines behind each eye on top of head, outer spines the larger. Posteriol- to these spines a short ridge, ending in a backward-directed spine on back of head. Area between these spines somewhat concave transversely. Suborbital ring and stay narrow. Origin of first dorsal over the commencement of the free horizontal upi)er border of the operculum. First ray nearly equal in height to the length of the head, second about two-thirds as long, third shorter than fourth, and separated from it by an interspace twice as long as the others, the membrane between these rays also deeply notched. Fifth and sixth rays longer than the fourth or than the following rays, which gradually diminish, giving the upi)er margin of the second part of the spinous dor- sal a rounded outline. Central rays of second dorsal about half as long as the head. Anal similar to second dorsal. Pectoral faulike, its base very oblique, parallel with the hinder mar- gin of the operculum, its longest rays about equal to four-fifths of the PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL SIUSEUM. 143 head and reacbiuj? backwards to tbe second anal ray. Lower rays very sliort. Middle ray of ventral rather longer than the first, considerably longer than the third, and reaching to the base of the anal i)a])illa. All the rays of the preceding fins simple. Caudal nearly straight on its posterior border, the two outer principal rays simple, the remaining nine once bifurcate. Accessory rays numer- ous.. Upper part of head and body covered with strongly ctenoid scales, except a narrow line along each side of dorsal. The scales of lateral line (about 39) more than twice as long and deep as those above them, ctenoid on hinder margin, and with a toothed keel near their upper mar- gin. Lower i)ortion of body scaleless. Gill-openings continuous ; the membrane emarginate, not attached to the isthmus. Branchiostegals six. Males with a long anal papilla, ending in a crescentic stiff, tapering portion, from the upjier side of which, near its tip, springs a long tubu- lar filament. Color of upper part of body reddish brown or gray, with obscure darker transverse bands. Fins dark olivaceous in recent examples, darkest toward the margins, the pectorals near base and the sides ot the head greenish, thickly dotted with black. In some the dorsal and anal are lighter. I have only seen adult males. This species was first found in the markets of San Francisco in the summei' of 1879, and was noticed by me in a paper published in the Min- ing and Scientific Press of that city, 1879, in the following terms: " Some months ago I wrote for iniblication a description of a small scul- pin which I named Chitonotus megacephahis, the large-headed mailed- back. * * * I find that Dr. Steindachner has got ahead of me, and has described the same fish from specimens obtained in Paget Sound. He also gives a figure. From this figure I judge that the form and pro- portions of the dorsal fin vary considerably. In my specimens the first spine is exceedingly long, the third quite short, shorter than the fourth, and as these spines are twice as distant from each other as are anj- of the others, and the membrane between them dips down almost to its base, the fin is practically divided in two. Dr. Steiudachner's figure shows only a .sliglit einurgination of the fin, the first spine only slightly longer than the others, and the supines equidistant." Professor Jordan, who has h.mdled numerous examples from Paget Sound, informs me that they agree in every respect with the figure given by Steindachner, and that he has no doubt of the distinctness of the Californian type. In his descrijttion Dr. Steindachner mentions the di- A'ision of the dorsal in terms that lead me to suspect that he possessed both types. 14'!: PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The name mcfjacepJiahis, since it bas been published along with a diag- nosis of its leading points of difference from C. pugettensis, must, I pre- sume, be retained, instead of a more expressive term which might be drawn from the form of the dorsal fins. C. megacephaliis is tolerably abundant in moderately deep water out- side the Bay of San Francisco. Specimens numbered 27185 are in the National Museum. DES4.1IUPTIONS OF NEW FISHES FROM ALASKA AK» SIUERIA. BY TAKliETO]^ M. BEAN. Most of tlie species here described were obtained for the United States National Museum during the summer of 1880, through the assistance of the United States Coast Survey schooner Yukon, whose party the writer was permitted to accompany for the purpose of making collections, more l)articularly of fishes and fishery statistics, in Alaska. It would have been difficult, if not impossible, to secure so valuable a collection of the fishes in any other way, the Yukon having called at numerous ports along the major portion of the Alaskan coast as well as at Plover Bay, Siberia, where several species not elsewhere found w^ere taken. The whole number of species taken is above 80, and it is due to the Super- intendent of the United States Coast Survey and to Mr. W. H Dall to say that their generous help has made this result possible. In this article, which is simply preliminary to a detailed account, short notices only are given of fishes which are to be more fully describe one-half as wide. Immediately below the eye a brown band, whose width equals one half the length of the eye, extends down to the throat; a whitish band a little wider than the brown one is immediately behind it. It seems as if the fresh fish may have on this part of the head two whitish bands with a brown one between them. Back with a series of 11 rounded, or oblong light spots, the longest of which is one-half as long as the head ; all of these spots include at the top a rather large brown spot and below numerous little brown spots. Between the first and second large light blotches are two very dark spots on the dorsal membrane, and between the dark spots there is a light one of similar size. On the sides are about 26 light bands, most of them very distinctly J 48 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. defined, especially between the gill opening and tlie vent. Behind the vent the bands are not so well marked, and a few small light spots are in the intervals between them. The ground color of the fish is brown. The longest light bands are about as long as the head. I have not seen M.fasclatus, and know it only from the descriptions and figures. These seem to indicate a species with the maxilla only one- third as long as the space between the tip of the snout and the begin- ning of the dorsal, with the ventrals little developed and with the head less than one-tenth of the total length. M. maxUlaris has a much longer maxilla, a wider mouth (measured over the tips of the maxillae with the mouth closed), well developed and separate ventrals, and the head nearly one-eighth of the total length. Liparis gibbus, n. s. This is a species resembling L.fahricH Kroyer and L. Umicata Ehdt. in its dorsal and anal ray-formulse; but it shows important difiterences from both. From L. fahricU it may be at once distinguished by its smaller eye (one-fourth as long as the head) and its depressed snout (the distance from the angle of the mouth to the base of the anterior nostril being less than one-half the greatest depth of the head). It difters from L. tunicata in having (1) a larger eye, {'2) a much smaller number of pec- toral rays, (3) a much smaller number of unarticulated dorsal and anal rayg. In preparing the description, I have made use of the following specimens : 24010 (1203), tJnalashka, W. H. Dall (1 specimen). 24047, Saint Paul Island, 1872, H. W. Elliott (1 specimen). 2G625 (1654), off Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, 1880, Dall & Bean (1 speci- men). 27535 (1722), Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880, Dall & Bean (1 specimen). 27545 (1C38) Plover Bay, 1880, Dall & Beau (2 specimens). Of these number, 24047 is in the best state of preservation, the lax integument being largely or partly separated from the body in most of the other individuals. I have examined number 27535 most closely to learn the structure of the fins, and fin^l that it has 44 dorsal rays, of which only the first 12 are not articulated; the anal has 36 rays, only the first one being unarticulated; the pectoral has 35 rays, and the caudal 12. The radial formulae of the other examples are as follows: 24010, D. 38+; A. 29+. 24047, D. 42; A. ca. 32. 26625, D. 41 ; A. ca. 33. 27545a, D. 42; A. 35. 275456, D. 42; A. ca. 34. The dorsal and anal are connate with the caudal, the free portion of the caudal being only about one-third as long as the head. The great- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149 est width of the head is nearly equal to its greatest length and exceeds its greatest depth. The interocular region is shallow concave, and the vertex and nape are somewhat elevated. The snout is obtuse and mod- erately depressed. The body is rather abrubtly compressed at the vent, where its thickness equals only one-third of the length of the head. The anterior dorsal rays are regularly graduated, and much shorter than the rays in the middle of the fin. The longest dorsal ray is one- half as long as the head. The length of the eye is contained 4 times in that of the head, which equals one-fourth of the total length with caudal. The length of the snout equals one-third of that of the head. The nostrils are tubular, the anterior pair having much the longer tubes, tbeir distance ffom each other equaling the length of the eye. The maxilla extends to below the anterior margin of the pupil. Denti- tion as in L. fabricii. The ventral disk is nearly circular, its length contained 8 to 8^- times in the total length. The distance of the dorsal from the snout equals nearly one-third of the total length without the caudal. The length of the caudal equals about one-seventh of the total length. The greatest height of the body equals the length of the head. Tbe i)ectoral extends to the origin of the anal. Colors of specimen 2G625 taken from the living fish. (Dredged off Indian Point (Cape Tchaplin), E. Siberia, Behring Strait, August 15, 1880.) Upper i)arts gray, punctulated with brown ; on the top of the suout and on head and back, as far as beginning of dorsal, two concej'tric stripes or elongated rings of brown inclosing gray areas; similar sti q^es along side of head, and extending back to near middle of body; also on posterior part of body; between these long stripes are two irregular rings of .brown inclosing gray; a brown stripe along lower part of head and body, blending into a wider area of brown of the lower parts; belly yellow on the sides, and i)unctulated with brown; iris brown, mingled with a little vermilion; pupil has a yellow margin; fins brown and punctulated; a dark band at caudal base; snout whitish on top. A more common pattern of coloration is the following: Head and body very light brown or gray intermingled with brown ; belly and under surfiice of head lighter; dorsal and anal with some irregular dark markings simulating bands; caudal with three dark bands; sometimes the posterior half of the body is mottled with dark blotches. Cottus humilis, n. s. Museum number 27972; collector's number (1700). Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay, August 31, 1880. D. X, 16 ; A. 13 , V. I, 3 ; P. 18 ; Br. VI. Head broad, subtriangular, much depressed, contained 2§ times in total length, caudal included. Greatest depth of head contnined 2:} times in its greatest leugth. Eye equal to interocular space, contained twice in length of snout and 4 times in postorbital portion of head to 150. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. eud of opercular flap. Whole upper surface of head covered with small skiuuy tubercles. Vomeriue patch of teeth very large. Two stroug spines abov^e the suout, an obtuse promiuenr-e above each orbit ami a pair ou the occiput. In large individuals there is a tendency towards division and enlargement of the i^rominences and their exten- sion, so as to form imperfect keels on the vertex. Behind the supra- orbital prominences are several radiating sharp ridges similar to those of 0. polyacanthocephalus. luterocular space concave. There is also a depression on the vertex, becoming narrower posteriorly. Three pre- opercular spines, the uppermost being longest and equal to the eye in length. The longest dorsal sj)ine (fourth) is half as long as postorbital part of head, or slightly more. The length of the maxillary bone is contained 2^ times in the length of the head. End of maxilla reaches slightly past hind margin of eye. The ventrals when extended straight backwards are equal to their distance from the beginning of the anal. The pectorals reach the vertical from the beginning of the soft dorsal. Skin above the lateral line with a single series of rough bony tubercles which are linely toothed and sometimes depressed in the centre. A few similar but smaller si)iny tubercles below the lateral line. The dorsals are separated by a short interspace. The spinous dorsal begins in a line with the upper axil of the pectoral. The longest ray of the second dorsal is contained 4 times in the distance from the tip of the snout to the beginning of the second dorsal. Tail little rounded, contained 5^ times in total length without caudal. Colors of the alcoholic specimen: Purplish brown above, whitish be- low. First dorsal has two broad, oblique dark bands separated by a light area. Second dorsal has about 5 dark bands, anal about 6. The pectorals have about 4 interrupted bands ; the caudal has 3. Ventrals whitish, faintly tinged in two areas with dark color. Sides with a few white blotches ; a larger individual has, also, some small w^hite blotches ou the belly. Length of type 240 millimeters (9J inches). Length of head ,- 3. 4 Length of snout 8 Greatest height of body ... 1. 5 Least height of tail . . . = 4 Greatest width of body 1.6 Width of interocular space 5 Long diameter of eye •. .5 Length of fourth dorsal spine 9 Length of fifth dorsal ray 1.2 Length of sixth anal ray 9 Length of i)ectoral 1. 9 Length of ventral 1.3 Length of caudal 1.4 Length of maxilla 1. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 151 CottTis niger, n. s. Museum numbers 23929, 27952, and 27971. Collector's numbers (1621), (1022), (1023), (1624), (1025). St. Paul Island, Bering- Sea, 1872 (H. W. Elliott), and August G, 1880 (Dall & Bean, from Mr. Armstrong). Br. VI ; D. IX, 15-17 ; A. 11-13 ; V. 1,3; P. 10-17. Two very blunt prominences above tlie snout entirely enveloped in the skin in a sjjecimen 10 inches long. No spines above the orbits or on the occiput. The spines at the upper angle of the preopercle are the only ones that are not covered up in the skin, and these are almost hidden. The two ui^permost preoijercular spines are the only sharp ones present. Top of head covered with fine skinny granulations and the vertex with numerous slender tentacles. The place of the supraor- bital spine is occupied by a soft tentacle of moderate length. The long- est preoxJercular spine is as long as the eye, which is ^ as long as the head to the end of the opercular spine, and equal to the width of the space between the eyes. Snout equals length of orbit. Jaws equal, the lower not at all received within the upper. Maxilla, longer than fourth dorsal spine, equals one-half length of head to end of opercular spine, and extends to hind margin of orbit. Head one-third, or slightly less than one-third of total length, caudal included. Longest dorsal spine is contained 7 to 9 times in total with caudal. The longest anal ray is contained about 3 times in length of head. Caiidal and ventral equal to one-half length of head. Pectoral as long as post-orbital part of head and does not reach the vent, which is in the middle of the total length with caudal. Caudal rounded. Height of body at origin of dorsal is a little less than its width at the base of the pectorals and is contained from 5 to times in total length, caudal included. The spinous dorsal begins at a distance from the tip of the snout equal to one-third of the total length without caudal. Skin smooth. Colors of the alcoholic specimens : Very dark brown (almost black) with a purplish tinge in some individuals; sides mottled with lighter brown and whitish and frequently bearing large, roundish white blotches similar to those of the male (7. grdulandicus. These white blotches in some instances become confluent over the greater portion of the belly. Posterior surface of the ijectoral with white blotches near the margin in some examples, and uniform dark brown in others. There is no individual that is entirely free from white blotches. In some examples the belly is dark, A^-ry little mingled with whitish. Lips and lower surface of head in some examples have numerous nearly black spots, the largest of which are not more than one-third as long as the eye. The largest of the types is 10 inches long. Coitus niger has many points of resemblance to G. Brandti Steind., but there are too many important discrepancies to allow me to identify it with Steiudachner's species. (1) the length of the head is not more than ^ of total length with caudal in any of our 1-1 exam^jles ; (2) the vomer- 152 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. iiie, intermaxillary', and mandibnlary teeth are all of equal size and 8trengtb ; (.3) the distance between the eyes measured on the bone is always equal to the length of the eye (§ of length of eye in Brandti)-, (4) there are no prominent occipital ridges such as are figured in G. BnnidU, but the vertex has numerous slender filaments; (5) the length of the ventral is ^ that of the head (|- in G. Brandti); (6) the length of the caudal is nearly twice as great as the distance of the front margin of the eye from the tip of the jaws; (7) the bony plates of the lateral hue are so thin and soft that they are inconspicuous under the skin; (8) the ventrals of G. niger are always either purplish dark-brown with whitish tips, or whitish with several dark bands. There are white blotches on all our examples notwithstanding the great variation in size. Cottus verrucosus, n. s. 27547 (1G38). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880, T. H. Bean. Br. VI ; D. XI, 16 ; A. 15 ; V. I, 3 ; P. 17 ; C. 12 (developed rays). Length of the typical specimen 3i inches (88 millimeters). Two sharp spines above the snout. A short tentacle above the pos- terior part of each orbit and one on each side of the vertex. Vertex and interorbital space deeply concave. Crown, nape, and interorbital region with small skinny warts. Three preopercular spines, the uppermost being as long as the short diameter of the eye. Eye equals snout which is ^ as long as the head to the end of the opercular spine. Lower jaw barely included within the upper. The maxilla is longer than the fourth dorsal spine, which is only a little longer than the eye and less than ^ as long as the head. The maxilla equals I of the total length without the caudal, and nearly ^ the length of the head ; it extends to below the middle of the eye. The mandible extends to the hind margin of the eye; its length equals J the distance from the tip of the snout to the begin- ning of the dorsal. The head is ^ of the total length with caudal. Teeth in the jaws and on the vomer. The longest dorsal spine equals the longest anal ray and -^ of the total length with caudal. The length of the ventral equals ^ of the total length without the caudal. The vent is shghtly in advance of the middle of the length with caudal. The pectoral reaches to the origin of the anal. The caudal is ^ as long as the head. The height of the body at the beginning of the dorsal is con- tained 4^ times in the total length without the caudal, and is a httle greater than its greatest width. The distance of the first dorsal from the tip of the suout equals about ^ of the total length without the caudal. Skin smooth. Lateral line with numerous short accessory branches extending upward and downward and placed exactly opposite each other. Colors of the alcoholic specimen : IJiqier parts very dark brown ; belly and under surface of head whitish ; whilish on the sides along and behind the anal fin ; spinous dorsal colored like the body but with a median and a posterior light baud ; soft dorsal with about five dark-brown bands PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 153 alternatiug with whitish ; caudal whitish on its anterior third, the rest of the fin having brown on the skin covering the fin-rays ; the pectoral has five brown bands; the anal is all whitish except a dark stripe run- ning through near its middle ; the ventrals are whitish. Gymnacanthus galeatus, u. s. Museum catalogue number 28007; collector's number (1G03). Five individuals were caught on a trawl-line at Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 30, 1880, for Messrs. Dall & Bean, by Sylvauus Bailey. As these specimens differ in several important details from our ex- amijles of O. pistilliger from the Atlantic and from Siberia as well, I will briefly indicate the differences and call attention to them by giving the species a new name. The smallest example is 7f inches long ; the largest, lO.J inches. Br. VI; D. XI, 16-17; A. 10; V. I, 3; P. 10-20. No vomerine teeth. Two small spines above the snout ; a small tuber- cle at the upper posterior margin of each orbit. Four })reopercular spines, the upper as long as the short diameter of the eye, bearing two or three antler-like processes. The space between the eyes is deeply concave and completely covered by aggregated bony granulations, as are also the crown and the neck. Similar bony granulations are at the hind margin of the orbit, on the suborbital ridge, and on the opercles. The body is naked. The pectorals and, in males, the ventrals reach beyond the origin of the anal ; in females the ventrals do not reach the vent. Dorsals and pectorals with interrupted black bands as in G. pistilliger ; ventrals and anal uniform whitish ; back with four distinct brown spots, the longest nearly twice as long as the eye, extending a little below the lateral line, and there blending into an interrupted wavy brown lateral stripe. The maxilla extends to below the middle of the eye. The great- est height of the body is contained twice in the length of the head, and 7^ times in the total length including the caudal. Pectoral as long as the head without the snout, its upper axil immediately under the beginning of the spinous dorsal. Gymnacanthus galeatns may beat once distinguished from G. pistHliger by its longer and more bony head and its elongate form. I have com- pared it with specimens of G. pistilliger from Norway, Cumberland Gulf, and Eastern Siberia. Hemilepidotus Jordani, n. s. Museum number 21508; collector's number (1602). Length of larger type, 13 inches ; smaller, 10^ inches. Taken at Iliuliuk, Unalashka Island, on a trawl-lme, by Sylvanus Bailey, July 30, 1880. Larger, D. X, i, 21 ; A. 17 ; Y. i, 4. Smaller, D. X, i, 21; A. 16; V. i, 4. The dorsal baud of scales contains 4 rows at the widest i)art (6 rows in spinosus). 154 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Height of body 1| times in length of head, and 4i times in total length without caudal. Length of head 2§ times in length offish w ithout caudal. Eye equals snout and one-fourth of head. Interorbital space equals short diameter of eye (only half of short diameter in srnnosuH). Distance of spinous dorsal from tip of snout equals length of pectoral ^ (the pectoral is much shorter in spinosus). First spine of dorsal equals maxilla in length (only half as long as maxilla in spinosus). Longest dorsal sjiine (5th) is contained 2^ times in length of head (4 times in spinosus). Pectoral reaches to origin of anal ; ventral, nearly or quite to vent. Maxilla extends slightly behind middle of eye ; mandible, to posterior margin of eye. Throat and belly pure white. No spots as in trachurus. Hexagrammus scaber, n. (?)s. ? Eexagamnms siqyerciliosus (Pall.) In the collection of Alaskan fishes are two small individuals of the genus Hexagrammus.^ which I cannot refer definitely to any known spe- cies. They are nearest to H. superciliosus Pallas, but, as we have none of the young of this species, I must compare them with half-grown ex- amples. From these and from the adult my species differs (1) in hav- ing a rudimentary but quite distinct median lateral line, (2) in the absence of palatine teeth, (3) in having a forked caudal, whereas super- ciliosus has a distiuctly rounded caudal. It may be found that a large series of specimens of different ages will show a gradation into super- ciliosus hy the acquisition of palatine teeth, the obsolescence of the me- dian lateral line, and a change in the form of the caudal ; but there is nothing to base such a conclusion uijon at present, and I desire to call attention to the form by describing it as probably new. The types are numbered 23961, Amchitka, W. H. Dall, and 27920, Unalashka, T. H. Bean. The first measures 2--^^ inches and the second 2-n, inches to the base of the middle caudal rays. 23901—D. XX, 25; A. 23; V. i, 5; L. lat. about 100; 6 lateral lines. 27920—D. XXI, 25; A. 24; Y. i, 5; L. lat. about 107; L. transv. about 50; 6 lateral lines. In this description number 27920 is taken for the principal type, since, being a more recent specimen, it shows the characters more clearly. Body oblong, moderately compressed, its dejith near the origin of the dorsal equals the length of the head (excluding the opercular flap) and is contained 4J times in the total length to the base of the middle caudal rays; upjjer outline of head convex, but with a slight frontal de- pression. The least height of the tail equals one-half the length of the head, or one-ninth of the total length to base of caudal. The distance between the eyes is contained three times in the length of the head. The snout is blunt and only two-thirds as long as the eye, which is one-third as long as the head and equals the interorbital dis- PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 155 tance. Jaws equal. The maxilla does not quite reach to below the auterior margin of the pupil, and is one-third as long as the head. The mandible extends to below the middle of the eye and is contained 10 times in the total length to base of middle caudal rays. A tentacle above each orbit. Teeth in the jaws and in the vomer; none on the palatine bones. The spinous dorsal originates immediately over the base of the pec- toral; its longest spine is one-eleventh as long as the fish without the caudal. The longest ray of the second dorsal equals the length of the post-orbital part of the head. The dorsals are separated by a deep notch, immediately under which the anal originates. The length of the anal base equals one-third of totitl length without the caudal. The vent is equidistant from the tip of the snout and the base of the middle caudal rays. The middle caudal rays are only § as long as the longest rays, the caudal being decidedly forked. The distance of the pectoral from tip of snout equals one-fourth of the total length to base of middle caudal rays ; the pectoral does not quite reach to the vent; its length equals that of the head including the oi)ercular flap. The disti nee of the ventral from the snout is slightly more than twice the length of the ventral, which is one seventh of the total length to base of middle caudal rays. There are 6 lateral lines on each side, the uppermost of which meets its fellow of the opposite side in front of the dorsal, is continued for- ward on the nape by a single short line, runs backwards close to the dorsal, base "and ends at about the beginning of the last third of the soft - dorsal. The second begins on the nape, is one-half as far from the up- permost as it is from the third, and extends to the caudal. The third begins at the extreme upper limit of the gill-opening, curves very grad- ually to follow the dorsal outline until it reaches the end of the second dorsal, whence it runs straight out on the caudal. The fourth begins a little above the j^ectoral, curves very slightly downward and disappears about the middle of the body; it is not so well developed as the rest. The fifth originates close under the pectoral, near the gill-opening, passes above the ventral and on the lower part of the side of the body, ending at about the beginning of the last third of the anal. The sixth meets its fellow of the opposite side a little behind the ventral base (a single line extending forward from this junction on the median line of the belly as far as the throat) and runs backward close to the base of the anal fin, ending on the caudal. The scales are everywhere very rough. Colors: Each of the dorsals has 3 black blotches, smaller than the eye, resembling bands but not extending to the bases of the fins. The l)ectorals, ventrals, and anal are uniform yellowish white. The body is light brown above and silvery or golden on the sides and lower parts. ir,6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Coregonus laurettee, a. a. Among the fishes brought down from uorthern Alaska during the Slimmer of 1880 are 4 white fish taken at Point Barrow by the U. S. S. Thomas Corwin, Capt. C. L. Hooper commanding, and one of the same species obtained at Port Chirence, by the IJ. S. Sch. Yukon. The mu- seum catalogue numbers of these specimens are : 27(395. Point Barrow, 1880, (4 examples). 27915. Port Clarence, 1880, (1 example). The species is allied to C. Artedi Le Sueur and to (C.) lucidus Eich- ardsou. It differs from G. Artedi in the following iiarticulars: (i) The eye.is \ as long as the head (^ in Artedi) ; (2) The length' of the dorsal base corresponds with that of IG oblique sories of scales immediately under it (10 in Artedi) ; (8) The length of the mandible is contained 2^ times in that of the head (2J times in Artedi) ; (4) The lateral line runs through 84 to 95 scales (not more than 77 in Artedi) ; there are 10 scales in a transverse series from the origin of the dorsal to the lateral line and as many from the origin of the ventral to the lateral line ( 9-9 in Artedi) ', (5) The ventral has 12 rays (11 in Artedi). From C. lucidus it is separated by the following characters : (1) There are lingual teeth (none in lucidus) ; (2) The ventral appendages are less than one-half as long as the ven- tral (more than one-half in lucidus) ; (3) The transverse rows of scales between the origins of dorsal and ventral and the lateral line are 10-10 (10-8 in lucidus) ; (4) The lower jaw is contained 2^ times in length of head (2J times in lucidus according to Eichardsou's measurements) ; (5) Judging from the figure given by Eichardson the number of rows of scales under the dorsal base of my species is 6 greater than in lucidus. DESCRIPTION. Br. IX—X; D. 11—12 divided rays; A. 10—11 divided rays: V. 12; P. 16 ; L. lat. 84-95 ; length of types 12—16 inches. The height of the body is greater than the length of the head and equals one-fourth of the total length without the caudal; the distance of the naj)e from the front margin of the jaw is contained 2J times in its distance from the beginning of the dorsal. The diameter of the eye equals the length of the snout and about j that of the head. Maxillary reaches nearly to the middle of the eye, its length contained 3| times in that of the head ; the supplemental bone is slightly more than half as long as the maxilla and its greatest width equals ^- of its length. The length of the mandible equals f of that of the head, reaching to the hind margin of the orbit. The appendage of the ventral fin is less than half as long as the fin and nearly equal in length to the 7 scales immediately over it. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157 This white flsli is also represented in the National Museum by two well-preserved specimens (Nos. 2-402;^ and 24024) collected by William H. Ball, March 12 and March 19, 18G7 (collector's numbers G66 and 672), at Nulato on the Yukon Eiver. I dedicate the species to my wife, Lauretta H. Bean. Ptilichthys, n. g. {MastaccmleUclce?) Body elongate, serpeutiform, apparently covered with very thin scat- tered scales. Mandible little movable, projecting,', with a skinny ap- pendage at tip. Cleft of the mouth narrow. Minute teeth in a single series in the jaws, becoming larger and slightly curved posteriorly. Margin of upper jaw formed entirely by the intermaxillaries. Maxilla curved forward below. The gill -opening extends up to the middle ot* the base of the pectoral ; the membrane is slightly emarginate behind and is free from the isthmus; 4 gills, a slit behind the fourth. Gill- rakers stout and short, moderate in number. Spinous portion of the dorsal consisting of many isolated spines, a narrow membrane beliind each. Soft dorsal and anal with many rays. End of the tail free. Ven- trals none. PtiHchthys Goodei, n. s. Museum number 26619, collector's number (1590)—Ball and Bean. Bredged in 10 fathoms at the entrance to Port Levasheft", Unalashka, on the ridge, hard bottom, by Sylvanus Bailey, July 28, 1880. I am indebted to the Alaska Commercial Company of San Francisco for the loan of the only other known specimen, an example 302 milli- meters long taken at Unalashka. Length of type 160 millimeters. The species is dedicated to my colleague, Mr. G. Brown Goode. Br. y ; B. XC, 145; A. ca. 185; P. ca. 12. Greatest height of body equals the post-ocular part of the head. Eye, equal to snout, 5 in head. Head 15j^ times in total length. Maxilla extends to a little beyond the front margin of the orbit ; mandible to middle of the eye. The mandibulary appendage is one-half as long as the eye. The dorsal begins slightly in advance of the pectoral; the spinous portion equals 6=} times the length of the head. The distance from the tip of the lower jaw to the anus equals 4f times the length of the head. The anal begins under the fifty-third spine of the dorsal. The pectoral is half as long as the head. None of the dorsal spines are quite equal to half the length of the eye. The soft dorsal and the anal are highest near the middle of their length ; the height of each equals about f of the body height at the same point. The free caudal tip is about f as long as the eye. Raia parmifera, n. s. Collector's number (1753) ; Museum number 27651. Taken at Ilinliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880, and preserved almost entire after measurements and color notes were made. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITKD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Disk broader than long; tip of snout slightly projecting. Anterior margin of pectorals convex in front, then shallow concave, posterior margin convex. Interorbital distance, measured on the bone, is con- tained 3^ times in distance from tip of snout to a Hue couuecting the front margins of the orbits. Interocular space deeply concave in the preserved specimen. Breadth of disk equals distance from tip of tail to slionlder-girdle. Length of tail equals distance from its root to middle of eye. Tail nearly flat below with a well-marked lateral fold which is widest posteriorly, but nowhere equals the height of the caudal. Caudal small, its height (7™°') contained 3 times in its length (21™™). Mouth slightly arched, its width equal to 3 times the length of first dor- sal base, l^asal flaps with a few fringes j)osteriorly. Distance between nostrils contained 1^ times in their distance from tip of snout. Teeth in 26 or 27 rows, with a short, moderately sharp median cusp, which is occasionally much worn in the front of the jaws. The largest spiny bucklers on the back are 17 millimeters long at the base. Snout above, supra-occipital region and the whole margin of pectorals and veutrals covered with small prickles, as is also an area along the tail, especially on its anterior half. Along the middle of the back and the top of the tail is a row of 29 large spines. Between the dorsals is a single large spine. Along the sides of the tail are spines a little larger than those around the margin of the disk. The greater portion of the disk is smooth. In a male, number 28098, of which we have portions only, the bucklers are in about 22 rows, with 6 in a row at the widest part; the claspers are slender and more than one-half as long as the tail. Under surface smooth, with the exception of an elliptical patch of small spines near the tip of the snout. General color olive-brown above. There are numerous indistinct light blotches on the disk, two of them larger than the rest ; the largest is twice as long as the eye, and surrounds an inner blotch of white nearly as long as the eye. There are two small light blotches, one on each side of the tail, between the 17th and 18th spines of the median series. Measurements. Current number of specimen 5 Locality 5 (1753) 27651 ? Unalaslika, Oct. 12, 1880. Millimeters. Extreme length Lenfith of disk Body : Lxie.atest width of disk Greatest width of tail at base* . . . Length of branchial area Width of branchial area in front Width of branchial area behind. 975 507 47 70 190 136 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159 Measurements—Continued. Millimeters. Head: Distance between outer edges of spiracles Greatest width of mouth Width of iuterorbital area on the bone Length of snout from eye Length of eye Length of snout from mouth Length of si>iracles Distance from snout to first dorsal Distance between outer humeral spines Dorsal : Lengtli of base of first dorsal Height of first dorsal Interval between dorsals Len irth of second dorsal Height of second dorsal Length of bas^^ of vontrals - . Distance from snout to end of base of pectoral Distance between outer edges of nostrils Distance from snout to outer angle of disk Caudal : Length of base Height Ventral : Length 119 105 48 153 30 140 32 875 125 32 24 16 30 26 134 510 90 463 21 7 * Taken where the ventral insertion ends. AmmoccEtes aureus, n. s. 1 Petramyzon Fluvialis B.\ch. Franklin's First Jonrney, 1823, p. 705; F. B. A., p. 294. ? Petromyson horealis Grcl. Pacific R. R. Report, Fishes, p. 377 (without descrip- tion). Maxillary tooth single, bicuspid ; maudibulary with seven cusps, those at the ends being larger than the other five. Head shorter than the space occupied by the branchial openings and contained 10^ times in the total length (5^ times in the distance from the end of the lip to the beginning of the first dorsal). The distance from the eye to the first dorsal is 3 times as long as the first dorsal base. Second dorsal base is twice as long as the first, and the fin is twice as high as the first at its highest part. The interspace between the dorsals is about f as long as the head. The distance from the vent to the end of the tail is one- fourth of the total length. Eye nearly twice as large as the largest branchial opening. Colors of the alcoholic example : Back plumbeous, sides and belly golden yellow, under surface of head and neck silvery. Length of type, 15 inches ; catalogue number, 21524 ; collector's num- ber, 1038, Anvik, Yukon River, Alaska, Lucien M. Turner (Lat. CS^K., Lou. 160'^ W. from Greenwich). Mr. Turner notes that it is extremely abundant and is used for food. U. S. National Museum, May 5, 1881. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. BESCRIPTJOIV OF A IVETT SPECffES OF FISn, APOGOIV PANDIOIVIS, FROM TSBE DEEP U^ATEU OFF TSaE MOUTH OF €HE8AFEAli.E BAIT. BY G. B]S«>\^^IV 0®0»E AMI> TAKLETOIV II. BEAN. Among the lisbes collected in October, 1880, by Capt. Z. L. Tanner, on the Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk, off the entrance to Chesa- peake Bay, is a single specimen of a species of Apogon^ apparently new to science. The specimen being somewhat mutilated, this description is necessarily incomplete. Apogon pandionis, new species. Goode and Beau. Body oblong, rather robust, its greatest width (behind the gills) being equal to half the length of the head, and contained six times in the length of body without caudal ; its greatest height contained about thrice and two-thirds in the body length. Least height of tail almost equal to half the greatest height of the body. Scales, small cycloid, forty-five in the lateral line ; three longitudinal rows above and nine below the lateral line ; lateral line complete. Length of head one-third of standard length of body, its greatest width equal to greatest width of body. Length of snout four and one- half times in length of head. Maxilla extends to a point a very little behind the anterior margin of the pupil, the mandible to the vertical from the middle of the eye. Length of maxilla equal to long diameter of the eye. Preoperculum apparently unarmed. Operculum with two flexible points near its upper posterior angle. Gill-rakers very long and slender. Eye nearly circular, its longest diameter nearly equals half the length of the head and is contained seven times in the standard body length nearly horizontal. Width of interorbital space equals two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting. Denti- tion in jaws hardly perceptible. Feeble teeth on the head of the vomer and on the palatine bones. Distance of dorsal from snout equal to twice the greatest width of the body; its longest spine (fourth) equal in length to three-fourths the diam- eter of the eye. Distance from origin of first dorsal to origin of second dorsal equal to twice the length of the base of the latter Distance of anal from snout equal to twice the length of the head ; the length of its base is equal to two-thirds the length of the eye ; of its longest ray to the length of the maxilla. First anal spine minute, its length equal to one-fourth of the least height of the tail; the second anal spine at least twice as long as the first. Caudal deeply furcate, scaled upon the lower portions ot the lobes. Distance of pectoral from snout equal to length of head ; its length equal to that of the maxilla. Distance of ventral from snout slightly greater than one-thu'd of the standard body length. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161 Radialformida.—D. VII, I, 9; A. II, 7|; P. 16; V, I, 5. Scales, in lateral line, 45 ; above lateral line, 3 ; below, 9. Color nearly uniform light, reddish brown, with no blotches. Scales finely jircirJate withback. Our description is based upon museum specimen No. 20228. Among- the other interesting forms collected in the same locality is a young specimen of Hoplosiethiis mcditerraneus, and also a species of JScorpama, soon to be described. inKTALIilC CASTIIVOS OF VEI.ICATC: NATURAI. OBJECTS. [Translated. ] The following process is recommended by Abbass for producing me- tallic castings of flowers, leaves, insects, &c. The object, a dead beetle for example, is first arranged in a natural i^osition, and the feet are con- nected with an oval rim of wax. It is then fixed in the centre of a paper or wooden box by means of pieces of tine wire, so that it is perfectly free, and thicker wires are run from the sides of the box to the object, which subsequently serve to form air-channels in the mold by their removal. A wooden stick, tapering toward the bottom, is placed npon the back of the insect to i)roduce a runner for casting. The box i.s then filled up with a paste of three parts of i)laster of Paris, and one of brick-diist, made up with a solution of alum and sal ammoniac. It is also well first to brush the object with this paste to prevent the formation of air bub- bles. After the mold thus formed has set, the object is removed from the interior by first reducing it to ashes. It is therefore dried slowly, and finally heated gradually to a red heat, and then allowed to cool slowly to iirevent the formation of flaws or cracks. The ashes are re- moved by pouring mercury into the cold mold and shaking it thor- oughly before pouring it out, and repeating this operation several times. The thicker wires are then drawn out, and the mold needs sim- ply to be thoroughly heated before it is filled with metal in order that the latter may flow into all portions of it. After it has become cold it is softened and carefully broken away from the casting. THE OeCUBKEIVCE OF THE t'AIVADA POKC'UPIIVE IN ITIARVJLAXD. By OTTO L,r«GEK. Eeferring to the paper on the occurrence of the Canada Porcupine in West Virginia by Mr. Goode, in Vol. I, Proceedings TJ. S. National Museum, page 204, I wish to mention that this Porcupine, Erefhizon dorsatns, is still, thougli rarely, found in Maryland. In the museum of the Maryland Academy of Sciences is a specimen from Alleghany Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 11 Aii§r. 11,1881. 162 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Coiiuty, Maryland. Another specimen I saw living in confinement in the Blue Ridge Mountains, where it was caught two years ago. One was killed quite recently near Ellicott City, Maryland. Maryland Academy of Sciences, Baltimore, May 22, 1881. NOTE OiV THE IvATII^OIO GEJVEKA. By TEIE®I3i®KE GILL. In a late number of the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum (Vol. IV, p. 53), Messrs. Jordan and Gilbert have accepted the name Belcaya instead of Caulolaiilus for a genus of the family Latilidce, with a footnote, ^^ Gaulolatilus, Gill: nomen nudum. ^^ In order that the adop- tion of this view may be at once arrested, it is advisable to give a history of those names. In 18G2, in the " Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" (p. 240), the name Caulolaiilus was proposed as the ge- neric denomination of Latilus chrysops and its allies, in the following terms: "The Malacanthini of Poey form a natural family. The Latilus chrys- ops, Val., does not, however, appear to be congeneric with the type ot Latilus, but is distinguished hj its form and the structure of the fins. It may be called Caulolatilus chrysops^ It will be thus seen (I) that the respects in which Caulolatilus differs from Latilus were indicated; (2) the relationsliips were exactly api^re- ciated; (3) a specific type was mentioned. There could consequently be no doubt as to what was meant nor as to the characters by which it should be distinguished. In 18G4, in the "Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences" (Vol. 3, p. 70), Dr. Cooper i^roposed the name of Bchaya for a supposed new fish, concerning which lie had not the slightest concep- tion as to its j>roper relationships, considering it "to be a very aberrant form of the Percoid family, having many of the characters of other orders'''' [sic!], but that on the whole it seemed to be most nearly related to "the genus Reterognathodon, of Bleeker." The remarks respecting the "other orders" and the affinities indicated the most complete mis- apprehension as to the type. Tlie description was equally at fault. The "general shape" was said to be "elongated and fusiform," although a shape less "fusiform" could scarcely be associated with moderate elongation. In other respects the description was faulty and erroneous or vague, but these lapses need not detain longer. The question arises in such a case. What is the advantage of any de- scription? According to the rules of the British and American associa- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 163 tions for tbe advanceuieut of science, a description is necessary as the basis of permanent nomenclature, but like many of the other rules pro- pounded in those codes, there is no proper logical basis therefor. If a description is necessary, it is necessary that the description should be apt, but, as every naturalist is well aware, the description is completely ignored in practice. We adopt, for example, the name Pcrea and many others from Linnaeus and his successors, but inasmuch as those names were applied by older naturalists to forms that are now relegated to distinct families, it will be obvious that no regard whatever is paid to the definitions. This is recognized to such an extent that it is now ad- mitteil that a definition is only necessary to show that the writer had some idea as to what he was treating about. In the case in question, (1), on the one hand, it is evident from the words that the author of Caulolatiliis did have an adequate idea as to both what he was writing of and as to the true distinctions of the fish considered, and (li), on the other hand, that the author of the name Delcaya had not the least con- ception of the nature of the form he de.^cribed, and that the name orig- inated simply from an almost inexcusable blunder and ignorance of the subject he ventured to write upou. There would therefore seem to be no doubt that in any case the name Gaulolatilus should be retained in preference to DeJ:aija. But it so happens that there is no comi)licati<)n in the consideration of the choice of names even from the extreme stand- point from which it is viewed by Messrs. Jordan and Gilbert. The name Delcaya is inadmissible as the denomination of the Latiloid fish, if for no other reason, because the same name under the form Dekmjia had been applied previously by Messrs. H. Milne Edwards and Haime to a genus of Corals of the family Chwtetidce. (Dekayia, R. Milne Edwards et J. Haime, Monographic des Polypiers fossiles des Terrains Palteozoi'ques in Archives du Museum d' Histoire Naturelle, t. 5, p. 151, 1851; H. Milne Edwards, Histoire Naturelle desporallaires ou Polypes proprement dits, t. 3, p. 283, 1860.) The history of the genus may therefore be epitomized as follows : Caulolatilus. Synonymy. =Uaulolatihis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla., [v. 14, ] p. 240, 1862. (Characters indi- cated.) =Dekaya Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. 3, p. 70, 1864. (Described, but errone- ously, and name preoccupied by Edwards and Haime in 1851.) =Canlolatilus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 17,] p. 66, 1865. (Fully de- scribed.—Adopted by Cooper (later), Poey, Bleeker, Goode and Bean, Jordan & Gilbert (at first.) =Dekaya Jordan cf Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 4, p. 53, 1880. (Name revived for Caulolatilus.) latilus sp. Cuv. et Val., Gilnther, etc. Type Caulolatilus chry8ops=Latilus chrysops C. & V. 164 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The following genus is very nearly allied, viz: Peolatilits. Sijnonymij. =Prolat.ilu8 Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 17,] p. 67, 1865. latilus sp. Guv. & Val.^ Jenyns, GUnther, etc. Type Prolatilus jugularis=Latilus jugularis C. & Y. Apparently closely related to Prolatilus is Pinguij)es, viz : PiNGUIPES. Synonymy. =Pinguipes Cuv. ^- Vol., Hiafc. Nat. des Poissons, t. 3, p. 277, 1829. Type Pinguipes irasilianus C. & V. The following genus has been associated with the preceding by all who have treated of them, save Dr. P. von Bleeker. That ichthyologist has referred Latilus to the family of "Percoidei" and its tenth subfam- ily, " Spariformes " and "Phalanx Denticini," and removed Caulolatilus and Prolatilus from all close relationship therewith. "(Spec, plures familise Parapercioid. adnumer.)" What are the exact affinities must be determined by a study of the anatomy. Latilus. Synonymy. SOVTH AMERICAN BIRDS NOT CONTAINED IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. By ROBERT RII>G\% AY. [Corrected to July, 1881.] [None of the species named in the following list are at present in the collection of the United States National Museum, and any of them that can be supi)lied by correspondents of the Museum, or of the Smithsonian Institution, will be very thankfully received. | Family Turdid^. Catharus aurantiirostfis (Hartl.). Venezuela, mexicanus Bp. Mexico to Veragua. mentalis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, phaeopleurus Scl. et Salv. Colombia, alticola Godm. et Salv. Guatemala. Tardus luridus Bp. Colombia. fumigatus Lieht. Venezuela to Brazil. fuscater Lafr. et dJOrh. Boli^ia and Argentine Republic. olivater Lafr. Venezuela. nigriceps Jelski. Western Peru. brunneus Lawr. Upper Amazons. leucops Taczan. Northwestern Peru. ' maranonicus Taczan. Northern Peru. Margarops sanctse-lucioe Scl. Sta Lucia, West Indies. Harporhynchus ocellatus Scl. Southwestern Mexico. Mimus dorsalis {Lafr. et d'Orh.). Bolivia. hvidus Licht. Eastern Brazil. patachonicus {Lafr. et d'Orh.). Patagonia and Arg. Eep. trifasciatus Gould. Galapagos. parvulus Gould. Galapagos. Family Ptilogonatidje. JMyiadestes ardesiaceus Less. Brazil. griseiventer Tschudi. Peru. montanus Cory. Haiti. Cichlopsis.leucogonys Cah. Brazil. Family Sylviid^. Polioptila plumbeiceps Lawr. Venezuela. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family Troglodytid^. Oampylorhynchus gularis Scl. Mexico. nuchalis Cab. Venezuela and Trinidad, variegatus {Gm.). Brazil. hypostictus {Gould.) Upper Amazons and Colombia, bicolor Felz. Guiana. Cinnicerthia peruana (Cahan.). Peru. Cyphorinus modulator {cVOrb.). Amazons. dichrous Scl. et Salv. Colombia. Microcerculus bambla (Bodd.). Guiana. albigularis Scl. Eastern Ecuador, marginatus Scl. Peru and Colombia, squamatulus Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, toeniatus Salv. Western Ecuador. Thryopbilus ruliventris Scl. Interior of Brazil, minor (Pelz.). Interior of Brazil, longirostris {Vieill.). Brazil, nisorius Scl. Mexico, fulvus Scl. Higb Peru. Tbryothorus coraya {Gm.). Guiana and Amazonia. mystacalis Scl. Western Ecuador and Colombia, euoiibrys Scl. Western Ecuador, cantator Jelski. Central Peru, sclateri Taczan. Northern Peru. Troglodytes tessellatus Lafr. et d^Orb. Panama to Bolivia. Cistotborus graminicola Jelski. Central Peru, brunneiceps Salv. Western Ecuador, sequatorialis Lawr. Ecuador. * Family Motacillid^e. Autbus cbii Vieill. Southern Brazil and Uruguay, nattereri Scl. Southern Brazil, peruvianus Nicholson. Peru. calcaratus Taczan. Central Peru, brevirostris Taczan. Central Peru. Family Mniotiltid^. Deudroeca eoa Gosse. Jamaica. Geothlypis speciosa Scl. Eastern Mexico. semitlava Scl. Ecuador, chiriquensis Salv. Chiriqui. Basileuterus hy^joleucus Bp. Eastern Brazil. bivittatus {Lafr. et d^Orb.). Costa Pica to Bolivia. . griseiceps Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, cinereicollis Scl. Colombia. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. 167 Basileuterus mesoleucus Scl. Guiana, luteoviriclis Bp. Colombia, leucoplirys Watt. Brazil, euopbrys Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, cabanisi Berlepsch. Venezuela, consj^icillatus Salv. et Godm. Colombia, tiifasciatus Stolz^n. Northern Peru, striaticeps Caban. Central Peru, diacblorus Caban. Central Peru, castaneiceps Scl. ct Salv. Tl'estern Ecuador. Setophaga brunneiceps {Lafr. et cVOrb.). Bolivia, ruficoronata Kaup. Ecuador, albit'rons Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, flaveola (Lafr.). Ecuador, chrysops Salv. Colombia, melanocephala Ischudi. Peru. . castaneocapilla Caban. Guiana. Granatellus pelzelui Scl. Amazons. Family Vireonedje. Hylophilus thoracicus {Max.). Soutbeastern Brazil and Amazons, pectoralis Scl. Brazil to Guiana, muscicapiniis Scl. et Salv. Brazil to Guiana, semibrunueus Lafr. Colombia. hypoxautbus Felz, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Amazons, bruuneiceps Scl. Amtizous and Guiana, ferrugineifrons Scl. Colombia and Amazons, insularis Scl. Tobago, acuticauda Lawr. Venezuela, semicinereus Scl. et Salv. Lower Amazons, fuscicapillus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador, flaviventris Caban. Western Peru, Vireolanius eximius Baird. Colombia. cblorogaster Bp. AuuLzons. Cyclorbis albiventris Scl. et Salv. Eastern BraziL wiedi Pelz. Soutbern Brazil, virenticeps Scl. Western Ecuador, contrerasi Taczan. Peru, altirostris Salv. Argentines Eepublie. Family Dulid^e. Dulus nucbalis Sic. Antilles. Family Hirundinld^. Petrocbelidon pyrrbonota ( VieilL). Paraguay, Brazil, and Mexico. Tacbycineta andecola Lafr. et d'Orb. Peru. 168 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tacbycineta leucopygia Stolzm. Northern Peru. Atticora melanoleuca (Max.). Eastern Brazil. cinerea [Gm.). Ecuador. tibialis {Cass.). Peru and Panama. Cotile fucata {Temm.). Brazil and Argentine Republic. Family Ccerebid^s:. Diglossa major Cab. Guiana. carbonaria {Lafr. et cTOrh.). Bolivia. gloriosa 8cl. ct Sahu Venezuela. glauca t^cl. et Salv. Bolivia. pectoralis Cuban. Central Peru. mysta calls Lafr. Andes of Bolivia. Piglossopis caerulescens Scl. Venezuela to Ecuador. Oreomanes fraseri Scl. Ecuador. Conirostrum ferrugineiventre iScl. Bolivia. atrocyanea Lafr. Bolivia. • cyaneum Taczan. Central Peru. Xenodacnis parina Caban. Peru. Dacnis analis Lafr. et dIOrb. Upper Amazons and Guiana. xanthopthalma JelsTci. Central Peru, modesta Caban. Peru. Dacnidea leucogastra Taczan. Central Peru. Certhidea fusca Scl. et Salv. Galapagos. Chloropbanes purpurascens Scl. et Salv. Venezuela. Certhiola caboti Baird. Yucatan (Cozumel I.). magnirostris Taczan. Northern Peru. Family Tanagrid^. Chlorophonia frontalis Scl. Venezuela, flavirostris Scl. Ecuador, pretrei {Lafr.). Colombia. Euphonia sclateri Sund. Porto Eico. triuitatis Strickl. Trinidad and coast-region of Venezuela and Colombia. minuta Cab. Guiana to Guatemala. ruflceps Lafr. et d'Orb. Bolivia, Amazons, and Venezuela. vittata Scl. Brazil. gnatho Cab. Costa Rica. chrysopasta Scl. ct Salv. Upper Amazons and Venezuela. chalcopasta Scl. et Salv. Colombia. cayana {Linn.). Guiana and Amazons. plumbea Du Bus. Amazons. finschi Scl. et Salv. Guiana. insignis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador. Tanagrella calophrys Cab. Guiana and Upper Amazons. PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169 Pipridea castaneiveiitris Scl. Bolivia. Calliste fastuosa (Less.). Brazil. florida Scl. et Salv. Costa Eica. gramiuea (iSpix). Guiaua. cucullata (Stc). Venezuela. cyanoptera (Sw.). Venezuela, lavinia Cass. Panama to Nicaragua, albiventris Gray. Guiana, atrocserulea (Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia, cabanisi Scl. Western Guatemala argentea {Tsch.). Peru, ruiigenis Scl. Venezuela, hartlaubi Sol. Colombia, xantbocephala (Tsc/i.). Peru and Bolivia, fulvicervix Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, argyrofenges Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, punctulata Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, melanotis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador. albertinsB Felz. Brazil. Iridornis reinliardti Scl. Peru, jelskii Cahan. Peru. Poecilotbraupis igniventris {Lafr. et (TOrh). Bolivia, lacrymosa (Dm Bus). Peru, melanogenys Salv. et Godm. Colombia, ignicrissa Cahan. Central Peru. Butbraupis montana {Lafr. et (POrh.). Bolivia. edwardsi Elliot. (Ilab. iguot.) Compsocoma sumptuosa {Less.). Venezuela to Peru. flavinucba {Lafr. et WOrh.). Bolivia. Dubusia selysia Bp. Ecuador. Tanagra olivina Scl. Interior of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. Spindalis zena {Linn.). Bahamas. ' Pampbocoelus epbipialis Scl. Upper Amazons, uropygialis Bp. Guatemala, chrysonotus Lafr. Colombia. Pyranga erythrocepbala {Sw.). Mexico. roseigularis Cabot. Yucatan. Ortbogonys cyanicterus ( VieilL). Guiana. Lamprotes albocristatus Lafr. Colombia. Pboenicotbraupis gutturalis Scl. Colombia. Lanio versicolor {Lafr. et iVOrh.). Bolivia and Peru. Eucometis penicillata {Spix). Guiana and Amazons. albicollis {Lafr. et WOrh.). Interior of Brazil and Bolivia. spodocepbala {Bp.). Veragua to Guatemala. Tachyphonus pbceuiceus Siv. Upper Amazons. rufiventris {Spix). Upper Amazons. 170 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tacliyphonus iiitercedens Berlepsch. Trinidad. Nemosia peruana (Bp.). Upper Amazons, ruflceps {Lafr. ct cVOrb.). Bolivia, fulvesceus Stricld. Brazil and Amazons, sordida {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia, ornata Scl. Western Ecuador, fulviceps (Cab.). Venezuela, inornata Taczan. Northern Peru, chrysopis Scl. ct Salv. Ecuador. Pyrrhocoma ruficeps {Stricld.). Soutbern Brazil and Paraguay. ChlorosijlDgus flavipectus {Lafr.). Colombia. atripileus {Lafr.). Colombia and Ecuador, melanotis Scl. Colombia.' oleagineus Scl. Colombia, verticalis {Lafr.). Colombia, licliteusteini Scl. Colombia, castaneicollis Scl. Eastern Peru, goeriugi Scl. ct Salv. Venezuela. ' calophrys Scl. ct Salv. Bolivia. cinereocephalus Jehld. Central Peru. cbrysogaster Taczan. Central Peru, chrysoplirys Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, olivaceus {Bonap.). Guatemala, berlepsclii Taczan. Central Peru, nigrifrons Lawr. Ecuador, auricularis Caban. Peru, pbseoceplialus Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador. Buarremon torquatus {Lafr. ct d?Orb.). Bolivia, pbaeopleurus Scl. Venezuela, rufinucbus {Lafr. et iVOrb.). Bolivia, leucopterus {Jard.). Ecuador, albifrenatus {B<%ss.). Colombia, meridae Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, schistaceus {Boiss.). Colombia and Ecuador, semirufus {Boiss.). Venezuela and Colombia, fulviceps {Lafr. ct d''Orb.). Bolivia, castaneiceps Scl. Ecuador, specularis Salv. Northern Peru, tricolor Taczan. Central Peru, melanops Scl. et Salv. Bolivia, taczanowskii Scl. et Salv. Peru, castaneifrons Scl. ct Salv. Interior of Venezuela, elaeoprorus Scl. et Salv. Colombia, melanoloemus Scl. et Salv. Southern Peru, spodionotus Scl. ct Salv. Ecuador, comptus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 171 Buarremon inornatus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. melanocephalus Salv. et Godm. Colombia, leiicopis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador, castaneiveutris Scl. et Salv. Plisenicophilus domiuiceusis Cory. Haiti. Arremou orbignyi Scl. Bolivia. devillei J5j9. Interior of Brazil, wuchereri Scl. et Salv. Eastern Brazil. nigriceps Taczan. Northern Peru. Oreothraupis arremonops Scl. Eastern Ecuador. Lamprospiza melanoleuca (VieilL). Guiana. Psittospiza elegans {Tsch.). Peru. Saltator superciliaris {Spix). Amazons, Peru, and Bolivia, caerulescens Vieill. Paraguay and Bolivia, maxillosus Cab. Southern Brazil and Uruguay, rufiventris Lafr. et d^Orh. Bolivia, orenocensis Lafr. Venezuela. Conotlirauiiis siieculigera {Gould). Upper Amazons. Malacothraupis dentata Scl. et Salv. Bolivia. Microspingus trifasciatus Jelsld. Central Peru. Pitylas fuliginosus {Baud.). Southern and Eastern Brazil, celeeno [Liclit.). Mexico, humeralis Lawr. Colombia and Ecuador. Family Fringillid^. Pheacticus uropygialis Scl. et Salv. Colombia and Ecuador, chrysogaster (Less.). Venezuela and Ecuador, crissalis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. Geospiza magnirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands, nebulosa Gould. Galapagos Islands, dentirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands, dubia Gould. Gala|)agos Islands. Gnathospiza raimondi Taczaii. Northern and Western Peru. Oryzoborus maximiliani Cah. Southern and Eastern Brazil, occidentalis Scl. Ecuador and Colombia, melas Scl. et Salv. Guiana, Amazons, Brazil, atrirostris Scl. et Salv. Peru. Amaurospiza concolor Cah. Costa Rica and Panama. unicolor [Burm.). Brazil. Spermophila pileata Scl. South Brazil and Uruguay. uigro-rufa {Lajr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and interior of Brazil, lineata [Gm.). Guiana and Lower Amazons, ocellata Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons and Venezuela, bicolor Lafr. et d^Orh. Bolivia, obscura Taczan. Central Peru, simplex Jelskl. Western Peru. 172 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Spermophila enleri Caban. Southeastern Brazil. Neorbynclius nasesiis Bp. Western Peru. Camarhyuchus crassirostris Gould. Galapagos Islands, psittaculus Gould. Galapagos Islands, variegatus 8cl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands, habeli Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands, prosthemelas Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands, cinereus (Lafr.). Northern and Eastern Peru. Cactornis assimilis Gould. Galapagos Islands. abingdoni Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands, pallida Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands. Dolospingus nuchalis Elliot. Orinoco Eiver. Phonipara fumosa Later. Trinidad. Haplospiza uniformis Sol. et Salv. Mexico. Paroaria capitata {Lafr. et WOrh.). Paraguay and Argentine Eepublic. Coryphospingus griseocristatus {Lafr^ et d^Orh.). Bolivia. Porphyrospiza cyanella (Sparm.). Interior of Brazil. Tiaris ornata (Max.). Brazil. Xenospingus concolor {Lafr. et WOrh.). Peru. Poospiza ornata {Landh.). Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza). torquata {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza). bonapartei Scl. Western Peru, cinerea Bp. Brazil. melanoleuca Vieill. Argentine Eepublic and Paraguay, csesar Scl. et So.lv. Peru, hypochondriaca {D^Orb. et Lafr.). Bolivia. Spodiornis jardinei Scl. Ecuador. Phrygilus atriceps {Lafr. et WOrb). Bolivia and Peru, ocularis Scl. Ecuador. plebeius Gab. Peru and Argentine Eepublic. melanoderus {Quoy et Gaim.). Falkland Islands and Pata- gonia, erythronotus {Phil, et Landb.). Chili. Diuca minor Bp. Patagonia. speculifera {Lafr. et d^Orb.). Bolivia and Peru. Catamenia homochroa Scl. Ecuador and Colombia. inornata {Lafr.). Bolivia. " Zonotrichia " quinquistriata Scl. et Salv. Mexico, strigiceps Gould. Patagonia. canicaj)illa Gould. Patagonia. Spizella pinetorum Salv. Guatemala. Peucsea notosticta Scl. et Salv. Mexic6. Ammodromus petenicus Salv. Guatemala. Coturniculus peruanus Bp. Bolivia and Upper Amazons to Colombia. Saltatricula multicolor Burm. Argentine Eepublic. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 173 Embernagra olivascens {Lafr. et cVOrb.). Bolivia and Argeutiue Ee- piiblic (Mendoza). superciliosa Salv. Costa Rica. Emberizoides inelaiiotis Temm. Southern and Eastern Brazil. Htemopliila sumichrasti Laicr. Western Mexico, humeralis Cab. Mexico. stolzmauni Taczan. Northern and Western Peru. Pipilo raystacalis Taczan. Central Peru. Pyrgisoma kieueri Bp. Mexico. Chrysomitris atrata {Lafr. et (VOrh.). Bolivia and Peru, spinesceus Bp. Colombia, atriceps Salv. Guatemala, capitalis Cahan. Central Peru. Sycalis flaveola {Linn.). Columbia to South Brazil. Columbiana Cab. Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazons. luteola {Sparm.). Colombia to Chili and Argentine Eepublic. chrysoi^s Scl. Mexico and Guatemala. lutea {Ijofr. ct (TOrh.). Bolivia and Peru. luteoeephala [Lafr. ct iVOrb.). Bolivia. uropygialis {Lafr. et cfOrb.). Bolivia. raimondi JcIsJci. Westi^rn Peru. Family Icterid^. Clypeicterus oseryi Derille. Upper xVmazons. Ostinops bifasciatus {Spix). Lower Amazons. atrovirens {Lafr. ct (VOrb.). Colombia and Amazons to Bolivia, atrocastaneus Cahan. Peru. Cassicus chrysonotus B^Orb. et Lafr. Bolivia. Icterus cayanensis {Linn.). Guiana. maculi-alatus Cassin. Guatemala. Molothrus purpurascens Hahn. Western Peru. discolor {Casshi). Venezuela and Colombia. Agelaeus cyanopus {YieUL). South Brazil and Paraguay. Lampropsar guianensis {Cab.). Guiana and Venezuela. warszewiezi Cab. Ecuador and Peru. Quiscalus assimilis !Scl. Veragua to Colonibia. lugubris Sw. Guiana and Trinidad, subalaris Boiss. Colombia and Venezuela. Family CoEViDJE. Xanthura yncas caeriileocephala {Duboifi). Venezuela and Trinidad. Oyanolyca viridicyanea {Lafr. et (VOrb.). Bolivia and Peru. jolyaja {Bp.). Peru. aimillata {Gray). Colombia and Venezuela. meridana {Scl. et Salv.). Venezuela. bogotana {Scl. ct Salv.). Bogota. 174 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Aplielocoma ultramarina {Bp.). Mexico. Cyanocorax cayanus {Linn.). Guiana. diesingi Pelz. Brazil. sclateri Heine. Colombia. ' intermedins Heine. Venezuela. chilensis (Bonap.). Bolivia and Chili. inexjiectatus Elliot. Brazil. heckeli Pelz. Brazil. flavigastra (Lath.). Trinidad to Colombia; Guiana? Cissolopha germana {Sol. et Salv.). Belize, Peten, and Merida (Yucatan). Psilorliinus cyanogenys Gray. Coast of Honduras. Corvus minutus Gundl. Cuba. solitarius WUrt. St. Domingo. Family Oxyrhamphid^. Oxyrliamplius flammiceps [Tenim.). Brazil. Family Tyrannid^e. Conopopliaga aurita {Gm.). Guiana. torrida 8cl. Eastern Ecuador. peruviana Bes Murs. Eastern Ecuador and Amazons, gutturalis Scl. Colombia, castaneiceps Scl. Peru and Colombia, ardesiaca Lafr. et WOrh. Bolivia and Upper Amazons, melauogastra Menetr. Interior of Brazil and Amazons. maximiliani Cab. Southern Brazd (Ilio). Corythopis anthoides [PugJi.). Guiana. humivagans Jelski. Central Peru, nigro-cincta {B^Orh. et Lafr.). Bolivia. Agriornis pollens Scl. Ecuador, solitaria Scl. Ecuador, insolens Scl. et Salv. High Peru. Myiotheretes erythropygia Scl. Ecuador. Tcenioptera velata Licht. Southern Brazil anebralis Cah. Peru. torquata {3Ia^.). Southern Brazil. maximiliani WOrh, Bolivia. rutilans Temm. Amazons. brunneicaudalis Scl. Western Ecuador and Western Peru, musteliua JSfatt. Eastern Peru and Eiver Madeira. fructicicola Taczan. Peru. rufipennis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia. maranonica Tac^. North Peru, tithys Taczan. Peru. Ijallida Max. Brazil. antisiensis Scl. Ecuador. curtata Scl. Colombia. ruflgenis Lawr. Costa Eica. hyposticta Pelz. Interior of Guiana. subcristata ScL Venezuela. ruticilla Cah. et Hein. Southern Brazil. albiceps {Lafr. et cCOrh.). Bolivia. albicapilla Cab. Peru. liumicola Kittl. Chili and Argentine Eepublic. orbignyi Eeichenh. Bolivia and Argentine Eei)ublic. arequipse Scl. et Salv. Western Peru. humilis Cab. Western Peru. patagonica {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Patagonia. wyatti Scl. Colombia. flammulata Jard. High Ecuador and Colombia. pudibunda Scl. Central Peru. graminicola Jelslci. Central Peru. virgata Jelslci. Central Peru. Placellodomus striaticeps {Lafr. et d'Orb.). Bolivia and Peru. sibilator Boring. Argentine Eepublic (Cordova) and Bolivia. Thripophaga guttuligera Scl. Colombia. Homorus unirufus {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia. gutturalis {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic. Thripadectes flammulatus {Eyt.). Colombia, scrutator Jelski. Central Peru. 182 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Aiitoinolns ferruginolentus (Max.). Brazil. melanopezus Scl. Eastern Ecuador, sclateri Pelz. Amazons, subulatus {Sjpix). Amazons, holostictus Scl. et Salv. Colombia, striaticeps Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia and Peru, ignobilis Scl. et Salv. Colombia, dorsalis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador, stictoptilus Caltan. Western Peru. Philydor panerythrus Scl. Colombia. columbianus Cah. Venezuela and Colombia, erytliropterus Scl. Colombia, fuscipennis Salv. Veragua. erythronotus Scl. et Salv. Colombia, cousobrinus Scl. Colombia. ruflcaudatus [Lafr. et cPOrh.) Colombia to Bolivia, subfulvus {Scl.). Ecuador, erythrocercus {Pelz.). Guiana and Amazons, striaticollis Scl. Colombia, amaurotis (Temm.). Brazil, subflavescens Cohan. Western Peru. Heliobletus superciliosus {Liclit.). Brazil. Anabazenops temporalis Scl. Colombia and Western Ecuador, subalaris Scl. Veragua to Western Ecuador, guttulatus Scl. Venezuela, cabanisi Taczan. Central Peru. Xenops heterurus Cab. et Hein. Colombia and Eastern Peru. Sittasomus stictoloemus Pelz. Upper Amazons. Margarornis stellata Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. Dendrocincla ruficeps Scl. et Salv. Panama, meruloides {Lafr.). Venezuela, fumigata {Liclit.). Brazil, longicauda Pelz. Amazons, tyrannina {Lafr.). Colombia. Dendrocolaptes puncticollis Scl. et Salv. Guatemala and Costa Eica. validus {TscJi.). Guiana, Peru, and Colombia, radiolatus Scl. et Salv. Peru. ^ concolor Pelz. Amazons. Kasica longirostris {Licht). Guiana. Drymornis bridgesi Eyton. Argentine Eepublic. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhyncbus {Less.). Colombia to Peru and Bo- livia, procerus Cab. et Hein. Venezuela. Deudrexetastes temmincki {Lafr.). Guiana. perrotti {Lafr.). Guiana. Dendrornis guttata {Licht.). Brazil. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 183 Dendroruis rostripallens Bes Murs. Amazons and Colombia, eytoni JScl. Lower Amazons, elegans Pels. Amazons and Colombia, spixi Less. Lower Amazons, multiguttata (Lafr.). Guiana and Amazons. Picolaptes squamatus (Licht). Brazil. falcinellus (Cab.). Interior of Brazil, alboliueatus (Lafr.). Colombia and Venezuela, puncticeps Scl. et Salv. Guiana, souleyeti [Des Murs). Western Ecuador, fuscicapillus Pelz. Interior of Brazil, layardi Scl. Brazil (Para). Xiphorhynclius pusillus Scl. Colombia and Yeragua. pucherani Lafr. Colombia, lafresnayanus {cCOrh.). Bolivia. Family Formicariid^. Thamnoi)liilus undulatus Pelz. Amazons. fuliginosus Gould. Guiana. guttatus Vieill. South Brazil. borbsB Pelz. Madeira Biver. melanurus Gould. Upper Amazons and Colombia. leuconotus 8pix. Upper Amazons. plumbeus Scl. Upper Amazons. cinereo-niger Pelz. Amazons. steilaris Spix. Guiana and Amazons. tristis Scl. et Salv. Guiana. simplex Sol. Brazil (Para). immaculatus Lafr. Amazons ; Colombia to Costa Eica. tscbudii Pelz. Amazons. sethiops Scl. Upper Amazons. nigriceps Scl. Colombia. nigrocinereus Scl. Lower Amazons. cinereinucba Pelz. Amazons. cinereiceps Pelz. Guiana and Amazons. capitalis Scl. Upper Amazons. murinus Pelz. Guiana and Amazpns. cristatus Max. Brazil. capistratus Less. South and East Brazil. albicans Lafr. Colombia. multistriatus Lafr. Colombia. tenuipunctatus Lafr. Colombia and Ecuador. melanochrous Scl et Salv. High Peru. subfasciatus Scl. et Salv. Bolivia. Thamnistes oequatorialis Scl. Ecuador. rufescens Caban. Western Peru. 184 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Xeoctantes niger (Pelz.). Amazons. Clytoctautes alixii Elliot. Eastern Ecuador. Dysithamnus giittulatus {Liclit.). Brazil and Bolivia, olivaceus (Tsch.). Peru and Bolivia. xanthoi>terus Burm. Brazil, scliistaceus cfOrh. Bolivia and Eastern Peru, ardesiacus Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador, unicolor Scl. Ecuador and Colombia, plumbeus Max. Brazil and Lower Amazons, semiplumbeus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. Herpsilochmus pectoralis Scl. Bahia. atricapillus Pelz. Interior of Brazil, motacilloides JeWci. Central Peru, frater Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. Myrmotherula multo-striata Scl. Amazons, guttata ( Vieill.). Guiana, hiiematonota Scl. Upper Amazons, pyrrbonota Scl. et Salv. Guiana, erytbrura Scl. Colombia, erytbronota Rartl. Brazil, bauxwelli Scl. Upper Amazons, axillaris ( Vieill.). Guiana and Colombia, urosticta Scl. Brazil, brevicauda [Sic). Brazil, unicolor Menetr. Colombia and Brazil, cinereiventris Scl. Guiana, Amazons, and Colombia, atrogularis Taczan. Central Peru, spodionota Scl. et Salv. Ecuador, gutturalis Scl. et Salv. Britisli Guiana. Formicivora strigilata (Spix). Brazil, erytbrocerca Scl. Brazil, malura Temm. Brazil, consobrina Scl. Western Ecuador, bicolor Pelz. Upper Amazons, speciosa Salv. Western Ecuador (Puna Island). Terenura callinota Scl. Colombia and Veragua. caloptera Scl. Western Ecuador, humeralis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador, spodioptila Scl. et Salv. Britisb Guiana. Psilorhampbus guttatus {Max.). Interior of Brazil. Microbates torquatus Scl. et Salv. Guiana. EamphocsBuus melanurus Vieill. Brazil, Guiana, and Venezuela. cinereiventris Scl. Interior of Colombia. Cercomacra ceerulescens Vieill. Eastern Brazil. cinerascens Scl. Guiana and Amazons, napensis Scl. Guiana and Eastern Ecuador. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 185 Cercomacra approximans Pels. Interior of Brazil, carbonaria Scl. et Salv. Amazons, nigricans Scl. Panama to Western Ecuador, melanaria {Menetr.). South Brazil. Pyriglena atra Sw. Brazil. picea Cab. Peru and Ecuador, serva Scl. Ecuador and Amazons. Gymnocichla chiroleuca Scl. et Salv. Honduras and Costa Eica. Percnostola funebris {Licht.). Guiana. minor Felz. Interior of Guiana, fortis Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons. Heterocnemis nsEvia (Gm.). Guiana, simplex Scl. Guiana, argentata {Des Murs). Upper Amazons. Myrmeciza ruficauda (Max.). Brazil, squamosa Pelz. Brazil, atrotliorax (Bodd.). Guiana, Amazons, interior of Brazil, and Bolivia, ruticauda [Pelz.]. Interior of Guiana, liemimelaena Scl. et Salv. Amazons and Bolivia. IjBmosticta Salv. Costa Rica and Veragua. Hypocnemis flavescens Scl. Interior of Guiana, bypoxantlia Scl. Amazons. poecilonota Piich. Upper Amazons and Colombia, lugubris Pelz. Amazons, melanura Scl. ct Salv. Upper Amazons, melanopogon Scl. Guiana and Amazons, maculicauda Pelz. Interior of Brazil, liemileuca Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons, ncevia {Gni.). Guiana and Upper Amazons. theressB {Des Murs.). Upper Amazons, lepidonota Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador, stellata Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador, subflava Cuban. Western Peru. Pithys lunulata Scl. et Salv. Upi)er Amazons. melauosticta Scl. et 'Salv. Eastern Ecuador. Phlogopsis nigromaculata {Lafr. et WOrb.). Bolivia, Ecuador, and Up- per Amazons, erythrojitera Gould. Interior of Guiana, trivittata Scl. Ui)per Amazons. Pormicarius analis {Lafr. et. d'Orb.). Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Eica. rufipectns Salv. Veragua. Cliamseza nobilis Gould. Upper Amazons. mollissima Scl. Colombia. Grallaria varia {Bodd.). Guiana and Venezuela. 186 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Grallaria imperator {Lofr.). Brazil. reguliis 8cl. Western Ecuador. princeps Scl. et Salv. Veragua. mexicaua Scl. Southern Mexico. griseouuclia Scl. et Salv. Yenezuela. hypoleuca Scl. Colombia. modesta Scl. Colombia. brevicauda (Bodd.). Guiana, Amazons, and Eastern Ecuador. macularia Temm. Guiana. ocliroleuca (Max.). Brazil. fulviveutris Scl. Eastern Ecuador. haplonota Scl. Venezuela. ruficeps Scl. Colombia. flavotincta Scl. Colombia. erythroleuca Scl. High Peru. erythrotis Scl. et Salv. Bolivia. andicola Cah. Central Peru. rufocinerea Scl. et Salv. Colombia. albiloris Taczan. Northern Peru. dignissima Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador. Grallaricula loricata Scl. Venezuela. ferrugineipectus Scl. Venezuela, nana [Lafr.). Colombia, cucullata {Scl.). Colombia. Family Pteroptoohld^. Scytalopus fuscoides Lafr. Chili, senilis Lafr. Colombia, sylvestris JclsJci. Central Peru. spelunccB Mcnetr. Southern Brazil. Merulaxis rhinoloi^hus [Max.). Interior of Brazil. Ehinocrypta lanceolata {Geoffr. et d^Orb.). Patagonia and Argentine Eepublic. fusca Scl. et Salv. Argentine Eepublic. Liosceles thoracius Scl. Interior of Brazil. Family Teochilid^. Eutoxeres heterura Gould. Ecuador. condaminei (Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador. Androdon cequatorialis Gould. Ecuador. Glaucis dorhni {Bourc.) Gould. Brazil. antonias {Bourc. & Muls.) Muls. Guiana, leucurus {Linn.) Bo7i. Guiana. Doleromya fallax {Bourc.) Bon. Venezuela. . Phaethornis bourcieri {Less.) Gray. Peru. l)hilippii {Bourc.) Gray. Bolivia. guyi {Less.) Gray. Trinidad, Venezuela, and Eastern Peru. idalioB {Bourc. et Muls.) Elliot. South Brazil. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187 Phaethoruis pygmseus (Spix) Gould. Guiana and Brazil, episcopus Gould. Guiana. nigriciutus Lawr. Upper Amazons, Peru, and Brazil. Canipylopterus byperythrus Cah. Guiana. cuviei i {Delattr. et Bourc.) Bon. osta Eica to Colombia ; Venezuela. I)liainopeplus Salv. Sierra Nevada de Sta Marta, Colom- bia. Aphantochroa gularis Gould. Ecuador. hyposticta Gould. Ecuador. Oreopyra ciuereicauda Lawr. Costa Eica. Oreotrochilus melanogaster Gould. Peru. adelse {B^Orb. et Lafr.) Gould. Bolivia. Lami)ornis veraguensis Gould. Yeragua. calosoma ElUot. (Hab. ignot.) ? Chalybura urochrysea [Gould) Muls. Panama. Petasoj)hora corruscans Gould. Colombia ? rubrigularis Elliot. (Hab. ignot). Phseolsema sequatorialis Gould. Ecuador, lolaema luminosa Elliot. (Hab. ignot.) ? whitelyana Gould. Peru. Sternoclyta cyaneipectus Gould. Venezuela. Urochroa bougueri [Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador. Lampraster branickii Taczan. Peru. Diplilogoena iris Gould. Bolivia. hesperus Gould. Ecuador. Helianthea isaacsoui [Parz.) Elliot. (Hab. ignot). eos Gould. Venezuela, violifera Gould. Bolivia, osculans Gould. Peru, dichroura Taczan. Peru. Bourcieri^^ iuca Gould. Peru and Bolivia, conradi Gould. Venezuela, insectivora Gould. Peru. traviesi [Muls. et Verr.) Elliot. Colombia, jjurpurea ( Gould) Elliot. Colombia, assimilis Elliot. Ecuador ? boliviana [Gould) Elliot. Bolivia. Hemistephania euplirosinaj [Muls. et Verr.) Elliot. Ecuador? rioricola ?i\hiQ,v\'&^2b [Gould) Elliot. Ecuador? Heliotrypba viola Gould. Ecuador. micrastur [Gould) Elliot. Ecuador, barrali Muls. et Verr, Colombia. Heliangelus si)eucei [Bourc.) Bon. Venezuela. amethysticollis [d'Orb. et Lafr.) Bon. Peru and Bolivia, mavors Gould. Colombia and Venezuela. Urosticle ruficrissa Later. Ecuador. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eusteplianus fernandensis (King) EeicJi. Island of Juan Eernandez. leyboldi Gould. Island of Mas-a-fuera. Topaza pyra ( Gould) Gray. Eio l^egro. Hylonymplia macrocera Gould. Northern Brazil. Thalurania jeiskii Tacsan. Peru. watertoni (Bourc.) Bon. Guiana, refulgens Gould. Trinidad, hypoclilora Gould. Ecuador. Microcliera albocorouata (Later.) Gould. Yeragna. Selasi)liorus floresii Gould. Mexico. torridus Salv. Veragua and Chiriqui. Catharma orthura (Less.) Elliot. Guiana and Venezuela. Bhodopis vesper (Less.) Gould. Peru. atacamensis Leyb. Chili. Calothorax i)ulchra Gould. Mexico. Acestrura decorata Gould. Colombia? micrura Gould. Bolivia. Chsetocercus jourdani [Bourc.) Gray. Trinidad. rosse {Bourc. et Muls.) Cab. & Hein. Venezuela, bombus Gould. Ecuador. Thaumastura cora [Less, et Gam.) Bon. Peru. Myrtis yarrelli Bourc. Bolivia. Smaragdochrysis iridescens Gould. Brazil. Ptochoptera iolaema [Reich.) Elliot. Brazil. Calliphlox mitchelli [Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador. Lophornis regulus Gould. Bolivia. gouldi [Less.) Gould. Lower Amazons, adorabilis 8alv. Chiriqui. Popelaria laetitite (^0 if re.) i?^t7<7^p. Bolivia? Discura lougicauda [Gmel.) Belch. Guiana and Brazil. Steganura solstitialis Gould. Ecuador, peruana [Gould) Reich. Peru, addfe [Bourc.) Reich. Bolivia, cissiura ( Gould) Gab. et Seine. Peru. Loddigesia mirabilis [Bourc.) Gould. Peru. Lesbia nuna [Less.) Gould. Peru. eucharis [Bourc.) Reich. Colombia. Zodalia ortoni [Later.) Muls. Ecuador. glyceria [Bon.) Elliot. Colombia. Cynanthus mocoa [Belatt. et Bourc.) Bon. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Sappho sparganura [Shaic) Reich. Bolivia and Argentine Eepublic. phaon ( Gould) Reich. Bolivia and Peru, caroli (Bourc.) Elliot. Peru. Oxypogon lindeni (Pars.) Gould. Venezuela. cyanolaemus Salv. et Godm. Colombia (prov. Sta. Marta). Oreoiiymi^ha nobilis Gould. Peru. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189 Eamphomicron ruficeps {Gould) Bon. Peru and Bolivia. dorsale Salv. et Godm. Colombia (prov. Sta. Marta). Avocettiila recurvirostris {Swains.) Reich. Guiana. Metallura opaca {Tsck.) Cab. et Heine. Peru and Bolivia, jelski Cab. Peru. cbloropogon ( Cab. et Seine.) Elliot. (Hab. ignot.) eupogon Cab. Peru. seneicauda {Gould) Bon. Peru and Bolivia, primolina Bourc. Ecuador, williami {Bourc. et Belatt.) Bon. Colombia, smaragdiuicollis {B'Orb. et Lafr.) Bon. Peru and Bolivia. Augastes lumachellus {Less.) Bon. Brazil. superbus {Vicill.) Bon. Brazil. Phlogopliilus heuiileucurus Gould. Ecuador. Schistes personatus Gould. Ecuador. Adelomyia inornata Gould. Peru and Bolivia. chlorospila Gould. Peru. Anthocepbala floriceps {Gould) Cab. et Heine. Colombia. Agloeactis casteluaudi {Bourc. et Muls.) Gould. Peru. pamela {D^Orb. et Lafr.) Gould. Bolivia. Eriocnemis assimilis Elliot. Bolivia. squamata Gould. Ecuador, mosquera {Bourc. et Belattr.) Reich. Colombia, glaucopoides {D^Orb. et Lafr.) Elliot. Bolivia. sappliiropygia Taczan. Peru, chrysorama Elliot. Ecuador, godini {Bourc.) Reich. Ecuador, smaragdiuipectus Gould. Ecuador, nigrivestis {Bourc. et Muls.) Reich. Ecuador, dyselius Elliot. Ecuador. Uranomitra microrhynclia Elliot. Honduras ? cyanicollis {Gould) Reich. Peru. Agyrtria viridiceps Gould. Ecuador. norrisi {Bourc.) Elliot. Mexico. compsa Hein. Guiana. neglecta Elliot. Bolivia. bartletti Gould. Eastern Peru. nitidifrons Gould. Venezuela? caeruliceps Gould. Colombia. tobaci {Gmcl.) Elliot. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guiana, and Brazil, apicalis {Gould) Hein. Colombia, maculicanda {Gould) Heine. Guiana, luciffi Laicr. Honduras. nigricauda Elliot. Trinidad, Guiana, and Northeastern Bra- zil. 190 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Agyrtria nitidicauda Elliot Guiana. taczanowskii Scl. Peru (prov. Cajamarca). pelzelni Tacsan. Upper Amazons (Guajango), Arinia boucardi Muls. Costa Eica. Eupherusa poliocerca Elliot. Mexico. Polytmus leucorrhous Scl. et Salv. Brazil and Peru. Amazilia pristina Gould. Ecuador and Peru, leucopbflea Reich. Peru, alticola Gould. Ecuador, ocai Gould. Mexico, iodura {Sauc.) Elliot. Colombia, lucida Elliot. Colombia, felicise (Less.) Elliot. Venezuela, warszewiczi {Cab. & Hein.) Elliot. Colombia, saucerottii {Bourc. et Delatt.) Elliot. Colombia, elegans (Gould) Elliot. (Hab. ignot.) Eueephala sm.aragdo-cserulea Gould. Brazil, cseruleo-lavata Gould. Brazil, scapulata Gould. Guiana! hypocyanea Gould. Brazil? subcserulea Elliot. Brazil ? chlorocepbala {Bourc.) Gould. Ecuador, cyanogenys {Prinz.) Gould. Brazil. Timolia lerchi {Muls. et Verr.) Muls. Colombia, lacbe magica {Muls. et Verr.) Elliot. Mexico. Hylocharis lactea {Less.) Gray. Brazil. viridiventris Berlepsch. Trinidad and Venezuela. Chlorostilbon auriceps Gould. Northwestern Mexico. Panychlora alicise {Bourc. et Muls.) Cab. et Hein. Venezuela, stenura Cab. et Heine. Venezuela. Family Cypselid^. Cypselus squamatus Cass. Guiana and Amazons. andicola Lafr. et WOrb. Bolivia and Peru. Panyptila cayanensis {Gm.). Guiana. Hemiprocne biscutata {Sol.). Southern and Eastern Brazil. Chsetura cinereicauda Cass. Brazil. cinereiventris Scl. Brazil. sclateri Pelzeln. CTpper Amazons. spinicauda {Temm.). Guiana. fumosa Salv. Veragua and Colombia. Cypseloides senex {Temm.). Brazil. fumigatus {Streubel). Brazil and Peru. Family Caprimulged^. Kyctibius longicaudatus {Spix). Upper Amazons, leucopterus {Max.). Brazil. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 191 Nyctibius bracteatus Gould. Guiana. Lurocalis semitorqiiatus [Gm.). Guiana and Amazons. nattered {Temni.). Brazil. Cliordeiles pusillus Gould. Brazil. Nyctiprogne leucopygia {Spix). Amazons and Brazil. Antrostomus sericeo-caudatus Cass. South America. nigrescens Cab. Guiana, Amazons, and Colombia, maculicaudus {Later.). BoliNia and Peru. Stenopsis cayennensis ( Gm.). Guiana, Tobago, Martinique, and Colombia, ruficervix Scl. Colombia and Ecuador, sequicaudata {Peale). Western Peru. Hydropsalis trifurcata Natt. Upper Amazons. furcifera [VieilL). Interior of Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentine Eepublic. lyra Bp. Colombia and Yenezuela. segmentata Cassin. Colombia and Ecuador. Heleothreptus anomalus {Gould). Interior of Brazil. Steatornis caripeusis Humb. Colombia, Yenezuela, and Trinidad. Family PiciD^. Picumnus rufiventris Bp. Upper Amazons. cinnamomeus Wagl. Coasts of Venezuela and Colombia, castelnaudi 3Ialh. Eastern Peru, leucogaster Pelz. Interior of Guiana, minutus {Linn.). Bra^il- aurifrons Pelz. Upper Amazons, cirrhatus Temm. Brazil, iepidotus Cab. et Hein. Guiana, squamatulus Lafr. Colombia and Venezuela, albo-squamatus Lqfr. et d^Orb. Bolivia, sclateri Taczan. Western and Northern Peru. micromegas Sund. Brazil"? lawrencei Cory. Haiti. Camjiephilus imperialis Gould. Western Mexico. sclateri 3Ialh. Western Ecuador. trachelopyrus {Malh.). Amazons. Hylotomus galeatus {Temm.). South Brazil. Chloroneriies sanguinolentus Scl. Honduras. sedulus {Cab. et Heine.). Guiana. ruficeps {8pix). Lower Amazons and interior of Brazil. hilaris {Cab. et Heine.). Upper Amazons. tsenionotus {Reich.). Brazil. malherbei Scl. Bolivia and Ecuador. simplex Salvin. Chiriqui. capistratus {Malh.). Interior of Guiana and Upper Ama- zons. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Cliloronerpes leucolremus {Malh.). Interior of Brazil, dignus Scl. ct Salv. Colombia, callopterus Lawr. Panama, santhoclilorus Sol. et Salv. Venezuela. Chrysoptilus speciosus Sel. Upper Amazons. icteromelas {VieilL). Interior of Brazil, cristatus ( VieilL). Argentine Eepublic. atricoUis {3Ialh.). Western Peru. Melanerpes i)ulclier Scl. Colombia. Centurus hypopolius ( Wagl.). Mexico. terricolor Berlepscli. " Orinoco district, or Trinidad." rubriventris Swains. Yucatan? Hypoxanthus atriceps Scl. et Salv. High regions of Peru and Bolivia. brevirostris Taczan. Central Peru. Colaptes stolzmanni Taczan. l!»J"orth Peru. leucofrenatus v. Martens. Argentine Eepublic (Mendoza). Celeus torquatus {Bodd.). Guiana, elegans {MiilL). Guiana. reicbeubachi (Malh.). Venezuela and Trinidad, flavus {MiilL). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons, citreopygius Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons, grammicus {Malh.). Guiana and Upper Amazons, multi-fasciatus {Malh.). Amazons, subiiavus Scl. et Salv. Brazil (Babia). immaculatus Berlepsch. Panama (?). spectabilis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador. Family Momotid^. Momotus nattereri Scl. Interior of Brazil and Bolivia. castaneiceps Gould. Guatemala. Baryphtbengus ruficapillus {VieilL). Brazil and Paraguay. Family Todid^. Todus pulcberrimus Sharjje. Jamaica (?). Family Alcedinld^. Ceryle stellata {Meyen.). Cbili and Patagonia. Family Teogonid^. Trogon cbionurus Scl. et Salv. Panama. aurantius Spix. Brazil. Euptllotis neoxenus {Gould). Mexico. Pbaromacrus fulgidus {Gould). Colombia and Venezuela. pavoninus {l>^ix). Upper Amazons. beliactin Cab. et Heine. Eastern Ecuador. xantbogaster Turati et Salvad. Colombia. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 193 Family Galbulid^. Galbula cyaneicollis Cassin. Lower Amazous. leucogastra Vieill. Guiana, clialcothorax iSel. Eastern Ecuador, tombacea cyanesceus {I'ev.). Amazous. tombacea fuscieapilla {8cl.). Colombia, albirostris chalcocephala (Dev.). Eastern Peru. Urogalba amazonum Scl. Lower Amazous. Bracbygalba goeriugi iScl. et Salv. Venezuela. albigularis [Sjiix). Upper Amazons, melanosterna {IScl.), Interior of Brazil and Bolivia, salmoni Scl. et Salv. Colombia. Jacamaralcyon tridactyla {Pall.). Brazil. Jacamerops isidorei Dev. Upper Amazous. Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis Des Mnrs. Upper Amazous. Family Bucconid^. Bucco pectoralis Gray. Panama. ordi Cass. Interior of Guiana and Venezuela, tectus {Bodd.). Guiaua. picatus Bel. Upper Amazons, pulmentum Bp. Upper Amazons, striolatus Pelz. Interior of Brazil, lauceolatus Beville. Peru and Eastern Ecuador, macrorliyncbus napeusis {ScJ.) Eastern Ecuador. Malacoptila fusca {Gm.). Guiana, Upper Amazons, and Colombia, rufa {Spix). Upper Amazons, castanea Verreatix. Ecuador, fulvogularis Sol. Bolivia and Peru, substriata Scl. Colombia. asi)era Scl. Venezuela. Nonnula rubecula {Spix). Lower Amazons. ruficapilla {Tsch.). Upper Amazous. Monasa morpheus [Halin.). Brazil. Chelidoptera brasiliensis Scl. Brazil. Family Cuculid^. Keomorphus geoffroyi (Temm.). Brazil. salvini Scl. Nicaragua to Colombia, pucherani Beville. Upper Amazons, rufipennis Gray. Guiana, radiolosus Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. DromocoecjTc phasianellus mexicauus {Bp.). Mexico and Guatemala. Diploptcras ntevius (?) chocbi ( Vieill.). South Brazil and Paraguay. (?) lessoni {Bp.). (Hab. ignot.) Pruc. Nat. Mus. 81 13 ]VoV. 18, 1881. 194 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hyetornis pluvialis rufigularis " Herz. v WurtemhP St. Domingo. Piaya cayana nigiicrissa {ScL). Ecuador, Chiriqui. Coccygus ferruginens Gould. Cocos Island. lindeni Allen. Lower Amazons. euleri Gdban. Southeastern Braail. Family Rhamphastid^. Ehamphastos inca Gould. Bolivia and Peru, citreohemus Gould. Colombia. osculaus Gould. Interior of Guiana and Lower Amazons, culminatus Gould. Upper Amazons. Pteroglossus wiedi Sturm. Brazil. erythropygius Gould. Nicaragua. inscriptus Wagler. Lower Amazons and interior of Bra- zil, beaubarnaisi Wagl. Upper Amazons, sturmi Natt. Banks of Madeira River, azarre {Vieill.). Interior of Guiana. Selenidera gouldi (N^att.). Lower Amazons. nattereri (Gould). Interior of Guiana, reinwardti ( Wagl.). Eastern Ecuador. Andigena laminirostris Gould. • Western Ecuador, hypoglaucus [Gould). Ecuador and Peru. cucuUatus [Gould). Bolivia. Aulacorhampbus sulcatus 8w. Venezuela. derbianus [Gould). Ecuador and Bolivia, atrogularis [Sturm). Peru, cyanolaemus Gould. Ecuador. Family Capitonid^. Capito quinticolor Elliot. Colombia. versicolor [Milll.). Upper Amazons, aurantiicollis Scl. Upper Amazons, squamatus Salv. Western Ecuador. Family PsiTTACiDiE. Ara hyacinthina [Lath.). Interior of Brazil. spixi ( Wagl.). Brazil. rubrigenis Lafr. Bolivia. tricolor [Bcchst.). Cuba. caninde [Wagl.). Paraguay. babni [SouancS). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons. leari [Bp.). Brazil ? couloni Scl. High Eastern Peru. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha [Su\). Mexico. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 195 Conurus icterotis {3£ass. et Souance). Colombia, liseinorrlious (Spix). Brazil, luteus {Bodd.). Lower Amazons, wagleri Gray. Venezuela and Colombia, solstitialis {Linn.). Guiana and Amazons, jendaya {Gm.). Brazil. asruginosus (Linn.). Venezuela and interior of Guiana, cactorura {Ma^.). Brazil, devillei Mass. et Souance. Bolivia, roseifrons G. R. Gray. Upper Amazons, rhodocephalus Scl. et Salv. High Venezuela, luciani Deville. Upper Amazons, perlatus (Spix). Lower Amazons, molinse Mass. et Souance. Interior of Brazil, rhodogaster Scl. Banks of the Madeira, ha^^matotis (Sonance). Venezuela, melauurus Spix. Interior of Guiana, souancaii Verr. Upper Amazons, hilaris Bimn. Paraguay, egregius Scl. Guiana (Demeraraf). glaucifrons v. Martens. Argentine Republic (prov. S. Luis). Bolborhynchus monachus (Bodd.). Interior of Brazil, Parag-uay, and Argentine Republic, luchsi Pelz. Bolivia. aymara d''Orh. Bolivia and Western Argentine Eepublic. rubrirostris Biirm. Western Argentine Republic, orbigniauus {Bp.). Bolivia and Peru, andicola (Finsch). Peru. Brotogerys virescens (G^w.). Lower Amazons, subcaerulea (Laicr.). Panama, ferrugineifrons Laior. Colombia. jugularis Deville. Interior of Guiana and Upper Amazons, tuipara (Gm.). Guiana, Venezuela, and Lower Amazons, chrysosema Scl. Banks of the River IMadeira. tui (Gm.). Brazil. Chrysotis festiva (Linn.). Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazons, bodini Finsch. (Hab. ignot.) cyanopsis ( VieilL). Antilles, pretrei {Temm.). South Brazil, viridigenalis Cassin. Colombia and Ecuador, dufresniana [Kiilil.). Brazil, nattereri Finsch. Interior of Brazil, ochroptera {Gm.). Venezuela, xanthops {Spix). Interior of Brazil, erythrura {Kuhl.). Brazil, lactifrons Lawr. (Hab. ignot.) 196 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ohrysotis coeligena Later. Guiana. canipalliata Gaban. Colombia, panaraensis Gaban. Panama. Pionus coralliuus Bp. Ecuador. sordidus {Linn.). Venezuela, violaceus (Bodd.). Guiana and Lower Amazons. Pionopsitta melanotis (Lafr.). Bolivia. pyrrhops ISalv. Western Ecuador. Caica pyrilia (Bp.). Colombia. vulturina {Kuhl.). Lower Amazons, leucogastra {Kuhl.). Lower Amazons. Urochroma stictoptera Scl. Colombia, surda {Kuhl.). Brazil, melanouota {Kuhl.). Brazil, purpurata {Gm.). Guiana and Lower Amazons, dilectissima Scl. et Salv. Venezuela. Psittacula sclateri Gray. Upper Amazons. Family Strigid^. Aluco punctatissima Gould. Galapagos Islands, flammea glaucops {Kaup.). St. Domingo. Ciccaba liuhuia {Baud.). Guiana, Amazons, and BraziL melanonota {Tsch.). Brazil and Peru, suinda ( VieilL). Brazil and Paraguay, cayennensis {Gm.). Guiana, polygrammica Gray. Brazil, albigularis Gassin. Colombia and Ecuador, nigro-lineata spilonota {Gray). Colombia. Strix ruflpes {King). Patagonia. byloiibilum {Temm.). Brazil, Guiana, and Venezuela. Nyctalitinus harrisi {Gassin). Colombia. Lophostrix cristata {Baud.). Guiana and Lower Amazons. Scops nudipes {Vieill.). Costa Rica to Colombia. brasilianus atricapillus {Temm.) IsTortbern Brazil, brasilianus ustus Sol. Upper Amazons. Speotyto cunicularia guadelonpensis Eidg. Island of Guadeloupe. Glaucidium phalseuoides {Baud.). Trinidad. tephronotum Sharpe. South America, cobanense Sharpc. Central Guatemala. Family Falconid^. Eupornis magnirostris saturatus {Scl. et Salv.). Bolivia. Buteo galapagensis {Gould). Galapagos Islands. unicolor B^Orb. et Lafr. Bolivia. hypospodius Gurney. Brazil, Amazons, Venezuela, and Colombia. poecilochrous Gurney. Ecuador. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 197 TJrubitiuga guudlaclii {Gciban.). Cuba. Leucopteruis palliata {Pelz.). Brazil. scotoptera (Max.). Brazil. albicollis {Lttth.). Guiana, Amazons, Venezuela, and Trin- idad, melanops {Lath.) Guiana and Amazons, superciliaris [Pelz.). Lower Amazons. X)rinceps Scl. Costa Kica. plumbea Salv. Ecuador, occideutalis Salv. Western Ecuador. Plangus neog'ceus Sundev. Brazil. Harpyhaliaetus coronatus [Vieill.). South Brazil to Patagonia. Morpliuus tiiBuiatus Guniey. Eastern Ecuador. Spizaetus isidorei {Des Murs). Colombia. Accipiter guttatus {Vieill.). Bolivia and Paraguay, pectoralis Bj). Brazil and Amazons, fringilloides (FJ^.). Cuba. chiouogaster Kaup. Guatemala and Venezuela, collaris Scl. Colombia, nigro-plumbeus Laivr. Western Ecuador, salviui Ixidgw. Venezuela, poliogaster (Temm.). Brazil. Micrastur zouotbor.x {Cab.). Venezuela and Colombia. concentricus {Less.). Guiana, Amazons, and Bolivia, amaurus Gurney. Panama, pelzelni Ridgw. Eastern Peru. Geranospizias hemidactylus {Temm.). Guiana and Amazons. Tinnuuculus [?] ferrugineus {Be Sauss.) Eidyw. Haiti. (?) Rostrhamus leucopygus {Spix). Brazil. tOBniurus Gab. Amazons. Regerhinus megarbynchus {Bes Murs). Upper Amazons. Spiziapteryx circumcinctus {Kaup). Argentine Eepublic. (?) Ibycter formosus {Lath.). Brazil. ater ( Vieill.). Colombia, Guiana, and Amazons. Milvago carunculatus {Bes Murs). Colombia and Ecuador, albigularis {Gould). Patagonia. Family Cathartid^. Cathartes pernigra Sharpe. Brazil, Sarcorhamphus sequatorialis Sharpe. Ecuador, Peru, and Chili, Family Pelecanid^. Pelecanus molinae Gray. Coasts of Chili and Peru. Family Phalacrocoracid^. Phalacrocorax bougainvillei {Less.). Peru and Chili. 198 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family Ardeed^. Butorides plumbeus {Sund.). Galapagos Islands. Tigrisoma fasciatiim [Snch). Brazil. Nyctherodius pauper Scl. et Salv. Galapagos Islands. Family Plataleid^. Cercibis oxycerca {Spix). Colombia, Amazons, Guiana, and Brazil. Family Phcenicopterid^. Phosnicopterus glyphorhynchus Gray. Galapagos Islands, andinus PhiKppi. Cliilian Andes. Family Palamedeid^. Palamedea cornuta Linn. Guiana and Amazons. Chauna derbiaua Gray. Coast-region of Colombia. Family Anatid^. "Bernicla" dispar Ph. et Landb. Chili, Argentine Eepublic, and Pate gonla. poliocepliala {Gray). Chili, Pategonia, and Falkland Isl- ands, rubidiceps (Scl.). Falkland Islands, inornata (King). Patagonia. Sarcidiornis melanonota [Gni.). Paraguay to Guiana. "Anas" chalcoptera Kittl. Chili and Patagonia. Querquedula torquata {VieilL). Argentine HepubUc. oxyptera (Meyen). Peru, andium Sal. et Sale. Ecuador, versicolor {Vieill.) Argentine Eepublic, Chili, Patagonia, and Falkland Islands, puna (Tsch,). Peru and Bolivia. "Fuligula" natioui ScJ. Western Peru. Merganetta turneri Scl. et Salv. High Peru. leucogenys Tsch. Colombia to Peru. "Mergus" brasiliensis {Vieill.). South Brazil. Family Coliimbid^. Columba gymnophthalma Temm. Interior of Brazil. plumbea Vieill. Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. albipennis Scl. et Salv. Peru, and high Bolivia. Zenaida ruiicauda Bp. Venezuela and Colombia. Metriopelia aymara {Knip et Prerost). Bolivia and Peru. Meloftelia plumbescens Lawr. Guiana. Columbula campestris {Spix). Interior of Brazil. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 199 Chamsepelia craziana {Knip et Prcv.). Peru and Western Ecuador. buckleyi 8d. et SaU. Ecuador. Gymnopelia erytbrotliorax [Meyen). Bolivia and Western Peru. Peristera geofl'royi {Temm.) Brazil. cyanopis Pelzeln. Interior of Brazil. Leptoptila ochroptera Pelz. Brazil. megalura Scl. et Salv. Bolivia. Geotrygon caniceps Cab. Cuba, frenata (Tsch.). Peru. Osculatia sappbirina Bp. Western Ecuador, purpurata Salv. Ecuador. Family Cracid^. Crax globulosa Spix. Upper Amazons, daubentoni Gray. Venezuela, carunculata Temm. Soutb Brazil, alberti Fraser. Colombia, mikani Pelz. (Hab. ignot.) pinima Pelz. Brazil (Para), erytbrognatba Scl. et Salv. Interior of Colombia, ^otbocrax urumutum Spix. Guiana and Upper Amazons. Pauxi galeata (Lath.). Guiana and Venezuela. Mitua tuberosa {Spix). Guiana, Upper Amazons, and Peru. tomentosa {Spix). Guiana, salvini Reinh. Brazil. Stegnolaema montagnii {Bp.). Colombia and Ecuador. Penelope greeyi Gray. Colombia. jacucaca Spix. Eastern Brazil, jacupeba Spix. South Brazil. cristata {Linn.). Costa Rica to Colombia, Guiana, boliviana Reich. Upper Amazons, rufiventris Tsch. Bolivia and Peru, pileata Wagl. Amazons, ocbrogaster Pelz. Interior of Brazil, rufiventris Tschudi. Peru and Bolivia, sclateri Gray. Bolivia. Pipile cujubi {Pelz.). Lower Amazons. Aburria carunculata Reich. Colombia. Chamaepetes goudoti {Lesson). Colombia to Peru. Ortalida motmot {TAmi.). Guiana. araucuan {Sinx). Lower Amazons. ruticeps Wagl. Brazil. ruficauda Jard. Tobago and Venezuela. canicollis Wagl. Paraguay. albiventris Wagl. Eastern Brazil. caracco Wagl. Colombia and Upper Amazons. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ortalida suijerciliaris Gray. (Hab. igot.) ruficrissa Scl. et Salv. Colombia. leucogastra Gould. Western Guatemala ami Nicaragua, garrula [Humh.). Colombia, erytbroptera Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador. Family Perdicid^. Cyrtonyx sallaei Verreaux. Mexico. Eupsycbortyx sonninii {Temm.). Guiana and Venezuela. parvicristatus Gould. Colombia. leucotis Gould. Colombia. liypoleucus Gould. Gautemala. Dendrortyx macrurns [Jard. et Selhy). Mexico. barbatus Gould. Mexico. Odontopliorus pachyrhynchus Gould. Peru and Colombia. • speciosus Tseh. Peru. dentatus Temm. Brazil. columbianus Gould. Venezuela. stellatus Gould. Upper Amazons. balliviani Gould. Bolivia and Peru. strophium Gould. South America. thoracicus Gambel. Mexico and Guatemala. erythrops Gould. Ecuador. melanonotus Gould. Ecuador. hyperytbrus Gould. Colombia. hypospodius Scl. et Salv. Colombia. spodiostethus Salv. Veragua. cinctus Salv. Veragua. Family Eallid^. Eallus maculatus Bodd. Panama, Colombia, Trinidad, Guiana, Para- guay, and South Brazil, antarcticus King. Chili, semiplumbeus Scl. Colombia, nigricans Vieill. South Brazil and Paraguay. Aramides albiventris Lawr. Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, ruficollis (Gm.). Guiana, saracura {Sjpix). Paraguay and South Brazil, mangle (Spix). South and East Brazil. caloi)terus Scl. et Salv. Eastern E(;uador. Porzana albicoUis ( Vieill.). Paraguay, South Brazil, Guiana, and Vene- zuela, cayennensis {Gm.). Guiana, Amazons, and Brazil, levraudi Scl. et Salv. Venezuela, concolor {Gosse). Jamaica, Guatemala, and Brazil. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201 Porzana castaneiceps Scl. et Salv. Eastern Peru, hauxwelli Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons, melanophsea {Vieill). South Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Venezuela, albigularis {Lmm:). Panama, Costa Eica, and Mosquita. leucopyrrlia {Vieill.). Paraguay, Argentine Eepublic, and South Brazil, flaviventris {Bodd.). Guiana, Jamaica, Cuba,Venezuela, Brazil, and Paraguay, spilonota {Gould). Galapagos Islands, notata {Gould). Argentine Eepublic and Patagonia, cinerea {Vieill.). Guiana, Amazons, Peru, and Trinidad, erythrops Scl. Western Peru, oenops Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador. Thyrorhiua schomburgki {Cab.). Guiana and Venezuela, lonoruis parvus {Bodd.). Guiana, Amazons, and interior of Brazil. Fulica cornuta Bp. Bolivia. ardesiaca Tsch. Bolivia to Ecuador. armillata Vieill. South Brazil, Paraguay, Patagonia, and Chili. leucopygia {Hartl.). Uruguay, Patagouai, Falkland Islands, and Chiii. leucoptera Vieill. Argentine Eej)ublic, Uruguay, and Bolivia. Family Psophiidje. Psophia crepitans Linn. Guiana. napensis Scl. et Salv. Eastern Ecuador, ochroptera Pelz. Interior of Guiana, leucoptera Spix. Upi^er Amazons, viridis Spix. Banks of the Madeira Eiver. obscnra Pelz. Lower Amazons. Family CEdicnemidje. CEdicnemis superciliaris Tsch. Western Peru. Family Charadriid^. Pluvianellus sociabilis Homhr. et Jacq. Straits of Magellan. ^ FamOy H^matopodid^. Hsematopus leucopus {Garnot). Falkland Islands. Family Thinocobid^. Attagis latreillei Lesson. Bolivia. chimborazensis Scl. Andes of Ecuador. malouina {Bodd.). Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan. Thinocorus orbignyanus Geoffr. et Less. Chili and Peru. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATICS NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family Eecurviiiosteid^. Eecurvirostra andina Ph. et Landh. High Peru. Family Scolopacid^. Gallinago frenata [Max.). Guiana, Brazil, and Antarctic America. undulata {Bodd.). Guiana. gigantea {Temm.). South Brazil. stricklandi Gray. Chili and Patagonia. jamesoni {Bp.). High Ecuador. imperialis Scl. et Salv. High Colombia. Phegorni^ mitchelli [Fraser). Chili. Family Larid^. Sterna exilis Tsch. Peru and Chili. euryguatha Saunders. Brazil and Trinidad. Larus fuliginosus Gould. Galapagos Islands. serranus Tsch. Peru, Bolivia, and Argentine Eepublic. Megalestris chilensis {Bj).). Chili and Straits of Magellan. Familj" Peocellariid^. Diomedea melanophrys {Temm.). Falkland Islands and coasts of Ant- arctic America. Procellaria tethys Bonap. Galapagos Islands. Pelagodroma marina [Lath.). Coasts of Southern South America. Puf&nus elegans Gigl. et Salvad. South Atlantic Ocean, tenebrosus Natt. Coasts of Antarctic America. Prioflnus antarcticus {Gm.). Straits of JMagellan. (Estrelata fuliginosa (jKw/iZ.). Coasts of Brazil. phiieopygia Salv. Galapagos Islands. detilippiana Gigl. et Salvad. Southeastern Pacific. arminjoniana Gigl. et Salvad. Trinidad and Southern Atlantic. magentae Gigl. et Salvad. South Pacific Ocean. externa Salv. Island of Mas-a-fuera. Prion vittatus (Gm.). Coasts of Brazil. Halodroma berardi {Q. et G.). Falkland Islands. Pseudoprion turtur [SmMh). Falkland Islands. Family Podicepedid^. Centropelma micropterum Gould. High Bolivia. Family Sphenisoid^. Eudyptula serresiana Oust. Faierland Islands. Spheniscus mendiculus Sund. Galapagos Islands. Dasyrhamj)hus herculis Finsch. (Hab. ignot.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 203 Family Tinamid^. Tinamus solitarins ( VicilL). Paraguay and Brazil. tao {Temm.). Amazons, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia, ruficeps Scl. et Salv. Western Ecuador to Veragua. major (Gm.). Brazil, subcristatas (kib. Guiana. guttatus Pelzeln. Upper Amazons. Nothocercus Julius Bp. Colombia and Ecuador. nigricapillus Gray. (Hab. iguot.) Crypturus cinereus [Gm.). Guiana and Amazons. obsoletus (Temm.). Brazil and Paraguay, castaneus {Scl.). Colombia, tataupa {Temm.). South Brazil and Paraguay, cerviniventris 8cl. et Salv. Venezuela, parvirostris Wagl. Brazil, strigulosus {Temm.). Brazil, erytbropus {Pelz.). Interior of Guiana, noctivagus {Max.). Brazil, variegatus {Gm.). Guiana and Lower Amazons, bartletti Scl. et Salv. Upper Amazons, radiatus Gray. Bolivia, undulatus {Temm.). Brazil and Amazons, transfasciatiis Scl. et Salv. Ecuador. Rhynchotus macalicollis Gray. Bolivia. Notboprocta perdicaria {KittL). Cbili. ornata {Gray). Bolivia, pentlaudi {Gray). Bolivia, curvirostris Scl. et Salv. Ecuador, taczanowskii Scl. et Salv. High Peru, branickii Taczan. Central Peru, doeringi Cahan. Argentine Republic, punctulata Gay. Cbili. Nothura marmorata Gray. Bolivia. boraquira {Spix). Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentine Republic, media {Spix). Brazil. Taoniscus nanus {Temm.). Brazil and Paraguay. Calodromas elegans {D^Orh et Is. Geoffr.). Argentine Republic. Tinamotis pentlaudi Vigors. Bolivian and Peruvian Andes. Family Rheidje. Rhea macrorhyncba Scl. (Hab. ignot.) Pterocnemis darwini (Gould). Patagonia. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DESCRIPTIOIV OF A IVEW ^miB-SPECIES OF L.OXIOILr.A FROITI THE miiAIVD OF HT. C'HRIi^TOPIIKR, IVFST INDIES. By OEORGE Bf. EA^WREIVCE. Loxigilla portoricensis var. (jrandis. Male.—The general plumage is of a deep lustrous black, with the top and sides of the crown, the throat and under tail-coverts deep bright rufous ; the under wing-coverts are white ; the bill and feet are black. Length (skinj, 8^ inches; wing, 4; tail, 3^; tarsus, I. As the i)lumage of the female is similar to that of the male, it seemed so different from the recorded olive-colored plumage of the females of all others of the genus, that I wrote to Mr. Ober, asking if he was con- fident that the sexes were rightly determined; he replied that he was. I thought this marked difference in the coloring of the female would entitle it to full specific distinction. In his work on the Birds of Porto Eico, Dr. Gundlach describes the female of L. imrtoricensis as being olive-colored. Therefore I wrote to him stating the close resemblance between the males of the birds from Porto Eico and St. Kitts, and called his attention to the fact that in the latter island the female resembled the male in plumage. He an- swered that he had just received a letter from his correspondent in Porto Eico, Dr. Stahl, who informed him that the female of L. porto- ricensis was like the male. Length of 9, 8 inches; wing, 3|; tail, 3J; tarsus, 1. Types in the National Museum, Washington. In the collection from Mr. Ober were nine specimens, one only in tne olive-colored plumage, which was marked as a male. The collection also contained specimens of Loxigilla noctis. Remarks.—The above-described bird in distribution of colors closely resembles L. portoricensis ; the only noticeable difference is, that in the Porto Eico species the under wing-coverts are white, lightly marked with rufous. It is, however, larger, the bills as a rule markedly so, but in the only specimen in my collection from Porto Eico tlie bill is as large as that af the female from St. Kitts chosen as the type; but that of the male is larger. In quite a large series of L, portoricensis belonging to the Smithsonian Institution, the bills average much smaller. Many of these are in the olive-colored plumage, but all are without distinction of sex. Probably in the two forms from Porto Eico and St. Kitts, all the olive-colored birds are the young of both sexes. Mr. F. A. Ober visited St. Christopher on his second expedition to the West Indies in 1880, but the time spent there was too limited to PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 205 admit of a satisfactory collection of its birds being made. The only one obtained of special interest is that now described. Mr. Ober's note of it is as follows: "219. 'Black bird,' J, Mt. Misery. May 21, 1880. "General plumage soft, glossy black; chin and throat, top of head and extending back over the eyes on each side, and under tail-coverts rusty red; bill and feet black. Depth of bill f inch. "Sexes alike; young male different. "Length, 8^ inches; wing, 4|; alar extent, 13." June 10, 1881. IVOTES OIV THE ITIORTAL.ITV AITIOIVO Fli^IlES OF THE OULiF OF MEXICO. By S. H. J0HNI§01V. CusTOM-HousE, Corpus Christi, Texas, Collector's Office, June 17, 1881. Prof. Spencer F. Baird, n. 8. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D. C. : Sir: Noticing in the Forest and Stream of 9th instant some answers to queries as to the cause of mortality among fishes in the Gnlf of j^iexico, I make bold to present the result of my observations. After verj' heavy rains and overflowing of rivers, the inner bays on the Texas coast suffer a loss of from one-half to three-fourths of their stock of salt-water fish, not including mullet, which live as well in fresh as salt water. In fact land-locked mullet in a fresh-water pond or tank grow to a weight of nine or ten j)0unds. Last winter, after a heavy rain and a freeze, all the salt-water fish in the Laguna. del Madre (a large sheet of water lying between Padre Island and the mainland) were found dead on the banks. We have two causes for destruction of fish here, viz., too much fresh water and too cold weather. In the lagoon above spoken of, in a long drought, the water gets too salty for the fish, and they become covered with sores, and unless relieved by a rain they die from too much salt. I have never known any serious mortality among fish on the Gulf coast whei"e there was free tiow of water, except during violent storms, when many fish both small and large were beached and killed. Very respectfully, S. H. JOHNSON, Collector. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. THE COMPARATIVE ACTION OF I>R1^ HEAT AlVD SULPHUROUS ACID UPON PUTREFACTIVE BACTERIA. Pieces of woolen and cotton cloths and wadding were dipped in a solution of putrefying flesh and slightly dried ; and after being shown to be infected by causing discoloration and development of bacteria in a Pateur solution, one portion was subjected to dry heat, and the other to the influence of a definite quantity of sulphurous acid. When these agents had operated for a certain time, the substances were brought into a developing liquid and again observed. These experiments, which were conducted by Dr. Wermch, were as follows : First. Fragments of the materials above referred to, treated as men- tioned and dried, i^roduced in sixteen experiments an exceptionably rapid disturbance of the test liquid. In four experiments with wadding this was somewhat retarded. It took place most rapidly in tubes which had been inoculated with woolen thread. Second. After inoculation with the material which had been exposed one or two minutes to a dry heat of 284° to 300^ F., clouding took place in four of eight experiments ; but only after from two to three days. With material which had been exposed from ten to sixty minute^ to a heat of 230°-24:4° F., in five out of six experiments a development of bacteria took place after the end of twenty-four hours. Third. Substances which were exposed five minutes to a heat of 257° to 302° F. produced no infection whatever in ten experiments. The test liquid remained clear for eleven days from the time of inoculation. Fourth. When the objects were exposed under a bell glass to the action of a percentage, by volume, of 1.5, 2.2, and 3.3 of sulphurous acid, in eight out of nine exi)eriments a bacterial clouding was devel- oped in the sulphurized material, whether the application had continued for one hour or twenty-two. Fifth. In fifteen experinients, in which sulphurous acid constituted 4.G and 7.15 j)er cent,, by volume, of the contents of the bell glass, the introduction of the sulphurized material produced no cloudiness, when the experiment continued six hours and more. On the other hand an exposure of 20, 40, 60, and 200 minutes was followed by the develop- ment of bacteria. In conclusion, the fact was considered especially interesting that the different fabrics gave up the infection concealed in them with diff'erent degrees of rapidity, the woolen fiber the quickest, the linen less easily, and the wadding with the greatest difdculty of all. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 207 E.I8T OF SPECIAL DEimDERATA AlflOIVO IVORTH AiTIERICAN BIRDS. By ROBERT RI»«WAY. [The following list includes the species of North American birds spec- imens of which are particnlarly desired by the United States National Museum, and which it is hoi)ed that correspondents maybe able to sup- ply- The species marked with a * are not represented at all in the col- lection, consequently si)ecimens in any plumage and of any age will be acceptable. Of those distinguished by a t the collection contains no American specimens, while in the cas(^ of others the i^articular defi- ciencies are explained. When no remarks follow the name of a species it should be understood that specimens of any stage of plumage are de- sired. The numbers and names correspond with those of the new Smithson- ian catalogue.] 2. Hylocichla fuscesccns (Steph.) JBaird. Tawny Thrush. (Young in tirst plumage.) 3. HylocicliJa alickv Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. (Young in first plumage.) 4. Hylocichla ustulata (Nutt.) Baird. Kusset-backed Thrush. (Especi- ally first plumage.) 4 a. Hylocichla ustulata sicainsoni (Cabau. ) Eidgw. Olive-backed Thrush. (First plumage.) 5. Hylocichla unalascaT{GmG\.)'Ridgw. Dwarf Thrush. (First plumage.) + [G.] Turdus iliacus Linn. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Various stages (au- tumnal adult only is represented). 8. Mernla conjinis (Baird) Eidgw. Saint Lucas Eobin. (Type speci- men still unique.) 13 a. Harporhynchus rufus longirostris (Lafr.) Coues. Mexican Brown Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.) 14. Harporhynchus cinereus Xautus. Saint Lucas Thrasher. 14 «. Harporhynchus cinereus hendirei (Coues) Hensh. Bendire's Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.) 15 a. Harporhynchus curvirostris palmeri Eidgw. Palmer's Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.) 16 a. Harporhynchus redivivus lecontei(Liivrr.) Coues. Leconte's Thrasher. (Especially first i)lumage.) 17. Harporhynchus crissalis Henry. Eufous-A^ented Thrasher. (Especi- ally first plumage.) 18. Harporhynchus graysoni ^2aT(\. Socorro Thrasher. (Especially first plumage.) t [20.] Gyanecula suecica (h\xvn.)^Tehxii. Blue-throated Warbler. (Amer- ican specimens.) 208 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [21.] Saxicola oenanthe (Linn.) Bechst. Stone Chat. ( First plumage.) 25. Myiatlestcs townsendi (And.) Caban. Townsend's Solitaire. 28. PoUoptiJa plunibca Baird. Plumbeus Giiatcatcber. 29. PoUoptua caHfornica Brewster. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. 31. Regulus ohscurus Eidgw. Dusky Kinglet. * 32. Eef/idm cuvieri And. Cuvier's Kinglet. [34.] PhyUoscopus borealis (Bias.) Dresser. Keunicott's Warbler. 35. Chamcea fasciafa Gamb. Ground Tit. 416. Parm atricapillm occideutaUs (Baird) Goues. Oregon Chickadee. 1 43. Parus meridionalis Scl. Mexican Chickadee. [44.] Parus cinctus Bodd. Siberian Chickadee. (Especially first plum- age.) + 49. Psaltriparus melanotis (Hartl.) Bp. Bhick-eared Tit. 1 55 a. Certhiafamiliaris mexicana (Gloger) Ridgw. Mexican Creeper. t('?)59. Cathetpes mexicanus (Sw.) Baird. Mexican White-throated Wren. (The supposed occurrence of this form in the United States rests solely upon Giraud's type of his CertJda albifronf!, said to be from Texas, which is in the Xatioual collection.) 1 60 a. Thryothoviis ludoviciamis herJandieri (Couch) Cones. Berlandier's Wren. 60 6. Thryothorus ludoviciamis miamensis Ridgw. Florida Wren. 62. Thryomanes hreviicauda Ridgw. Guadalupe Wren. 64. Troglodytes insularis Baird. Socorro Wren. 65. Anorthura troglodytes Jiyemalis (Vieill.) Coues. Winter Wren. 65a.. Anorthura troglodytes pacifims (Baird.) Ridgw. Western Winter Wren. (First plumage.) t[69.] MotaciUa alba Jjinn. White Wagtail. [72.] Anthus pratensis (Linn.) Bechst. European Titlark. 76. Helotuva swainsoni And. Swainson's Warbler. 78. Helminthophaga bachmani{AvLd.)C absin. Bachman's Warbler. (Espe- cially the female.) 79. Helminthophaga pinus (Linn.) Baird. Blue winged Yellow Warbler. (First plumage.) *80. Helminthophaga lawrencei Herrick. Lawrence's Warbler. 81. Helminthophaga chrysoptcra (Linn.) Baird. Tellow-winged War- bler. (First plumage.) *82. Helminthophaga. leucobronchialis Brewster. White-throated War- bler. 83. Helminthophaga luciw Cooper. Lucy's Warbler. 84. Helminthophaga Virginia; Baird. Virginia's Warbler. 85. Helminthophaga rnjicf.pilla {Wils.) Baird. Nashville Warbler. (First plumage.) 87. Helminthojyhaga peregrina (Wila.) Baird. Tennessee Warbler. (First plumage.) 89. Parula pitiayumi insularis (Lawr.) Ridgw. Socorro Warbler. (First plumage.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 209 89 a. Panda xntia i/umi nigrilora Cones. Sennett's Warbler. 90. Perissoglossa tigrina (Gmel.) Baircl. Cape May Warbler. (First plumage.) *91. Perissoglossa carbonafa (AuiX.) Baird. Carbouated W^arbler. 92. Peuccdramiis oHvaceus (Giraud) Coues. Olive-headed Warbler. (Es- pecially first plumage.) 94. Dendrceca cwrulescens (Liuu.) Baird. Black-throated Blue Warbler. (First plumage.) 97. Dendrceca maculosa {Gmel.) Baird. Black-and-yellow Warbler. (First plumage.) 99. Dendrceca pennsylvanica (Linn.) Baird. Chestnut-sided Warbler. (First i^Jumage.) 100. Dendrceca castanea (Wils.) Baird. Bay-breasted Warbler. (First plumage.) 103. Dendrceca domimca (Linn.) Baird. Yellow-throated Warbler. 103 a. Dendrceca doniinica alMloraHiiird. White-browed yellow-throated Warbler. (First plumage.) 106. Dendrceca clirysoparia Scl. & Salv. Golden-cheeked Warbler. (A series very desirable.) 108. Dendrceca iownsendi (Nutt.) Baird. Townsend's Warbler. (Espe- cially first plumage.) 110. Dendrceca, hirtlandi Baird. Kirtland s Warbler. *112 Dendrceca montana (Wils.) Baird. Blue Mountain Warbler. 113. Dendrceca palmarum (Gmel.) Baird. Eed-poll Warbler. (First plumage.) 114. Dendrceca discolor (Vieill.) Baird. Prairie Warbler. (First i>lu- mage.) * 116 a. Siurus ncevius notabilis Grinnell. Grinnell's Water Thrush. 118. Ojwrornis agilis {Wils.) Baird. Connecticut Warbler. (Especially first plumage.) 120. Geothlypis Philadelphia (Wils.) Baird. Mourning Warbler. (First l)lumage.) 121. Geothlypis macgilUvrayi (And.) Baird. Macgillivray's Warbler. (First plumage.) * 126. Myiodioctes minutus (Wils.) Baird. Small-headed Flycatcher. 127. Myiodioctes canadensis (Linn.) And. Canadian Flycatching War- bler. (First plumage.) t(?)130. Setophaga miniata Syvains. Eed-bellied liedstart. (Giraud's type of his " Muscicapa derhami,^^ said to be from Texas, is in the National Museum collection.) t(?)132. Ergaticns ruber (Swains.) Baird. Eed Warbler. (The type specimen of Giraud's ^^ Parus leucoHs^^ is in the collection, and is said to have been obtained in Texas.) f(?) 133. Basileuterus cuUcivorus (Licht.) Bonap. Brasher's Warbler. (Type of ^^ Muscicapa brasieri^^ Giraud, said to have been obtained in Texas, is in the collection.) Proc. :Sat. Mus. 81 14 ^ov. 30, 1881. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (t?) 134. Basikutcrus belli (Giraiid) Scl. Bell's AVarbler. (The type specimen, one of Giraud's "Sixteen Species of Texan Birds," is in the collection.) 135. Yireosylvia olivacea (Linn.) Bp. Ked-eyed Yireo. (First plumage.) 136. Vireosylvia agiHs fiavo-viridis (Cass.) Ridgw. Yellow-green Vireo. (Esi)ecially first i)lumage.) 137. Vireoftylvia calidris barbatula (Caban.) Ridgw. Black-T.'hiskered Vireo. (Esi)ecially first plumage.) 138. Vireosylvia pJiiladelpJdca Cass. Philadelphia Vireo. (Especially first plumage.) 140. Lanivireofiavifrons (^Vieill.) Baird. Yellow-throated Vireo. (First plumage.) » 141. Lanivireo solitarius (Vieill.) Baird, Blue-headed Vireo. (First plumage.) 142. Vireo atricapilhoi Woodh. Black-capped Vireo. 143. Vireo noveboracensis (Gm.) Bp. White eyed Vireo. (First plu- mage.) 144. Vireo huttoni Cass. Hutton's Vireo. 147. Vino vicinior Coues. Gray Vireo. 148. Lafiins borealis Vieill. Great Xortheru Shrike. (First i)lumage.) * 140 b. Lanius ludovicianus robustus Baird. Large-billed Shrike. 150. Ampelis garrulus Linn. Northern Wax-wing. (First plumage.) 152 a. Progrie subis crypfolenca Baird. Cuban Martin. 159. Certhiola bahamends Reich. Bahaman Honey Creeper. t CO 160. JEuphonia elegantissima (Bp.) Gray. Blue-headed Euphonia. (The only presumably North American specimen of this species in the collection is the type of ''Pipra galericulata^^ of Giraud.) 163. Pyranga hepatica Swains. Hepatic Tanager. 164 a. Pyranga cestiva cooperi Ridgw. Cooper's Tanager. 165. Hesperiphona vespertina (Cooper) Bp. Evening Grosbeak. [167.] Pyrrhiila cassini Baird. Cassin's Purple Finch. 171. Garpodacus amplus Ridgw. Guadalupe House Finch. ITS. Leucosticte tephrocotis Swains. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. (Sum- mer adults and young in first plumage.) 175a. Leucofiticte tephrocotis littoralis (Baird) Coues. Hepburn's Rosy Finch. (Summer adults and young in first plumage.) 176. Lc^a^osticte atrata l^idgw. Black Rosy Finch. (A series especially desired.) 177. Leucostiete australis AWeji. Brown-capped Rosy Finch. (Especially winter specimens and young in first plumage.) 178. ^giothus canescens Gould. Mealy Redpoll. 179 a. jEgiothus linaria holbolU (Brehm) Ridgw. Greater Redpoll. * 180. ^^giotlms breicsteri Ridgw. Brewster's Linnet. 182 a. Astragalinus psaltria arisonce Coues. Arizona Goldfinch. t (?) 182 b. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus (Sw.) Coues. Mexican Gold- finch. (With the exception of the type of Giraud's '''Fring ilia texensis^^ there is no North American example of this form in the collection.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL xMUSEUM. 211 f 184. Chri/fiometris notata (Du Bus) Ej). Black-headed Goldfinch. 188. Cenfrophanes pictus{SiW.)Cahan, Smith's Lougspur. (First phim- age; also adults in summer.) 102. Fassercuhis prinecps Maynard. Ipswich Sparrow. (A good series showing individual valuations very much desired.) 11)3. Fasserculus miidwichensis (Gmel.) Baird. Sandwich Sound Sparrow. 104. Fasserculus anthinus Bonap. Titlark Sparrow. lOo. Fasserculus guttatus Lawr. Saint Lucas Sparrow. lOG. Fasserculus rostratus (Cass.) Baird. Large-billed Sparrow. (First plumage.) 100. Coturniculus henslowi (And.) Bj). Henslow's Sparrow. 200. Coturniculus leconfci (And.) Bp. Lecoute's Sparrow. 201 a. Ammodromiis caudacutus nelsoni Allen. Nelson's Sharp-tailed Finch. (The young in first i)lumage particularly desired.) 203. Ammodromus nigrescens Ridgw. Black-and-White Sea-side Finch. (A good series much w^anted.) 205. Zonotrichia querula (Nutt.) Gamb. Harris's Sparrow. (Young in first plumage a special desideratum.) 207. Zonotrichia gambeli CSutt.) Gsunh. Gambel's White-crowned Spar- row. (A good series of adults and the young in first plumage.) 215. Spizella atrigularis (Caban.) Bd. Black-chinned Sparrow. 21G. Junco aikcni Eidgw. White-winged Snowbird. (Especially the young in first plumage, and adults in summer plumage.) 210. Jimco anncctens Baird. Pink-sided Snowbird. (Particularly young in first plumage.) 221. Junco dorsalis Henry. Eed-backed Snowbird. 222. Junco cincreus (Swains.) Caban. Mexican Snowbird. 223. Junco insularis Ridgw. Guadalupe Snowbird. 225. Amphispiza belli (Cass.) Cones. Bell's Sparrow. (Particularly young in first plumage.) 22G. Feuccva (vstivalis (Licht.) Caban. Bachman's Finch. (Young in first plumage an especial desideratum; adults also wanted.) 226 a. Feucwa wstivalis illinoensis Ridgw. Oak-wood's Sparrow. (Young in first plumage a particular desideratum.) 227. Feuewa arizonw Ridgw. Arizona Sparrow. 228. Feuccva cassini (Woodh.) Baird. Cassin's Sparrow. 220. Peucmi carpalis Cones. Rufous-winged Sparrow. 230. Feucwa rujiceps (Cass.) Baird. Rufous-crowned Sparrow. 230 a. Fcuca'a rujiceps boucardi (Scl.). Boucard's Sparrow. 231 c. Melospiza fasciata samuelis Baird. Californiau Song Sparrow. 231 e. Melospiza fasciata rufina (Brandt.) Baird. Sooty Song Sparrow. 235 c. FasHcreUa iliaca schistacea (Baird) Allen. Slate-colored Sparrow. 230. Embernagra rujivirgata Lawr. Texas Sparrow. (Especially young in first plumage.) 237 a. Fipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues. Florida Towhee. (Espe- cially young in first plumage.) 212 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 238. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swains.) Coues. Northern Towhee. 238 6. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell.) Coues. Oregon Towhee. 238 c. Pipilo maculatus consohriims Eidgw. Guadalupe Towhee. 238 d. Pipilo maculatus carmani Baird. Socorro Towhee. 240 a. Pipilo fuscm albigula (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Brown Towhee. 242 a: Gardinalis virginianus igneus (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas Car- dinal. t247. Passerina parelUna (Bp.) Eidgw. Blue Bunting. 250. Passerina versicolor (Bonap.) Gray. Varied Bunting. 252. Spermophila moreletU Pucheran. Morelet's Seedeater. t253. Phonipara zena (Linn.) Bryant. Black-faced Seedeater. 255. Spiza toicnsendi (Aud.) Eidgw. Townsend's Bunting. (Type still unique.) 262. Agelceus tricolor (^\\tt.)^Y>. Eed-and-white- shouldered Blackbird. 263 a. Sturnella magna mexicana (Scl.) Eidgw. Mexican. Meadow Lark. 265. Icterus vulgaris Daud. Troupial. 266. Icterus auduboni Giraud. Audubon's Oriole. (Especially young in first plumage, and intermediate stages.) t 267. Icterus wagleri Scl. Wagler's Oriole. 268. Icterus parisorum Bonap. Scott's Oriole. 269. Icterus cucullatus Swains. Hooded Oriole. 278 a. Quiscalus purpureus agUeus (Baird) Coues. Florida Grackle. t [279.] Sturnus vulgaris Linn. European Starling. • 281. Gorvus cryptoleucus Couch. White-necked Eaven. 282 6. Corvus frugivorus caurinus (Baird) Eidgw. Northwestern Fish Crow. 287. Pica nuttalli Aud. Yellow-billed Magpie. t288. Psilorhimis morio (Wagl.) Gray. Brown Jay. 291. Aphelocoma floridana (Bartr.) Caban. Florida Jay. (Especially young in first plumage.) 1 294. Aphelocoma ultramarina couchi Baird. Couch's Jay. 295. Aphelocoma^ sordida arizonce Eidgw. Arizona Jay. 296. Xanthura luxuosa (Less.) Bp. Green Jay. (Especially young in first plumage.) 297. Perisoreus canadensis (Linn.) Bp. Canada Jay. 298. Perisoreus obscurus Eidgw. Oregon Jay. t [299.] Alauda arvensis Linn. Sky Lark. t [302. J Milvidus tyrannus (Linn.) Bp. Fork-tailed Flycatcher. 303. Tyrannus dominicensis (Gm.) Eeich. Gray Kingbird. 305. Tyrannus melanclwlicus couchi Baird. Couch's Kingbird. t(?) 309. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud) Scl. Giraud's Flycatcher. (The type specimen of this species is the only specimen in the collection from north of Mexico, and the locality of this is perhaps someAvhat doubtful.) t(1) 314. Myiarclius lawrencei (Giraud) Baird. Lawrence's Flycatcher. (No North American specimen in the collection, except the type of the species, said to be from Texas.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 213 323. Empidonax diffieilis Baird. Western Yellow-bellied Flj'catcher. t(°0 329. Empidonax fulvifrons (Giraiid) Sel. Fnlvous Flj'catcher. (The same remarks ai)ply to this as to No. 314). 329 a. Empido7iax fulvifrons pallescens Cones. Butf-breasted Flycatcher. t332. FncJujrhamphns major (Bouap.) Scl. Thick-billed Flycatcher. 1333. Hadrosfomus aglalw (Lafr.) Cab. Ilose-throated Flycatcher. 341. Sclasphorus allcni Hensh. Allen's Hnmmingbird. 342. Atthis lieloisce (Less.) Eeich. Heloise's Hninmingbird. 344. Calotliorax lucifer (Swains.) Gray. Lucifer Hummingbird. 347. BasiUnna xantmi (Lawr.) Elliott. Xautus's Hnmmingbird. 349. Cyp.selus saxatiUs Woodh. White-throated Swift. (Especially young in first plumage.) 350. Cypseloides niger horealis (Keunerly) Ridgw. Black Swift. 352. Gluvtura vauxi (Towns.) De Kay. Yaux's Swift. 359. Campephilus principalis (Linn.) Gray. Ivory-billed Woodpecker. (Especially young, of both sexes.) 362. Picus querulus Wils. Eed-cockaded Woodpecker. (Especially young.) 363 a. Picns scalaris lucasanus (Xant.) Ridgw. Saint Lucas Wood- pecker. 365. Pic^ls striclclandi Malh. Strickland's Woodpecker. 367. Picoides arcticus (Swains.) Gray. Black-backed Three-toed Wood- pecker. (Especially young, of both sexes.) 368. Picoides tridacfylus americanus (Brehm.) Ridgw. Banded-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. (A good series wanted from Maine or the British Provinces.) 369 1). 8phyrapicus varius ruber (Gm.) Ridgw. Red-breasted Woodpecker. 377 a. Melanerpesformicivorus angusHfrons Baird. jSTarrow-fronted Wood- pecker. 378 «. Colapies auratus hyhridus (I>aird) Ridgw. "Hybrid" Flicker. (Especially Eastern specimens with red feathers in the black check- stripes.) 379. Golaptes chrysoides (Malh.) Baiid. ]Malherbe's Flicker. 380. Golaptes rufipileus Ridgw. Guadalupe Flicker. (Adult male un- known!) f381. ALomotus ca'rulciceps Gould. Blue-ca]iped Motmot. 383. Ceryle amcricana cahanisi (Tschudi) Cones. Texan Kingfisher. t384. Trogon amhiguus Gould. Coppery-tailed Trogon. 386. Goccyzus senicnlvs (Lath.) Yieill. ^langrove Cuckoo. 389. Groiophaga ani Linn. Savannah Blackbird. *391. Rhynchopsitta 2>(tcJiyrhyncha {Swains.) Bp. Thick-billed Parrot. 392. Gonurns carolinensis (Linn.) Kuhl. Carolina Parakeet. 393. Gomirus Itolochlorus hrevipes Baird. Socorro Parakeet. 394. Aluco fiammeus americanus (Aud.) Ridgw. American Barn OwL (Especially downy young.) 214 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395. Asio americanus (Stei)li.) Shar])e. American Long-eared Owl. (Downy young.) 390. Asio acHpitrinus(P'cill.)'Neys'tou, Short-eared Owl. (Downy young.) 397. Strix nebulom Forst. Barred Owl. (Downy young.) 397 a. Strix nehulosa alleiii Ridgw. Florida Barred Owl. 398. ;8'fn> om(7e»to/is' (Xant.) Ridgw. Spotted Owl. (Especially downy young.) 399. IJlula einerea (Gmel.) Bp. Great Gray Owl. (Especially downy young.) [399 «]. Ulula einerea lapponica (Retz.) Ridgw. Laplaud Owl. (Espe- cially downy young.) 400. Nyetale tengmalmi richardsoni (Bp.) Ridgw. Richardson's Owl. 401. Nyetale acadiea (Gmel.) Bp. Saw-whet Owl. (Especially young.) 402. Scops asio (Linn.) Bp. Little Screech Owl. (Downy young.) 402 a. Seops asio fioridanus Ridgw. Florida Screech Owl. 402 h. Scops asio maecalli (Gass.) Ridgw. Texan Screech Owl. 402 c. Scops asio maxweUice Ridgw. Roclry^ Mountain Screech Owl. 402 d. Scops asio Jcennieotti (Elliot) Ridgw. Northwestern Screech Owl. 403. Scops trichopsis Wagl. Mexican Screech Owl. 404. Scops flammeolus (Licht.) Scl. Flammulated Screech Owl. 405. Bubo virginianus (Gm.) Bp. Great Horned Owl. (Very young in down.) 405 a. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy) Ridgw. Western Horned Owl. *405 b. Bubo virginianus aretieus (Swains.) Cass. Arctic Horned Owl. 405 c. Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgw. Dusky Horned Owl. 406. Nycfea scandiaca (Linn.) Xewt. Snowy Owl. (Downy young.) 407. , Surnia funerea (Linn.) Rich & Sw. American Hawk Owl. (Downy young.) t[407.] Surnia funerea ulula (Linn.) Ridgw. European Hawk Owl. (Especially downy young.) 408 a. Speotyto eunieularia Jioridana Ridgw. Florida Burrowing Owl. 409. Glaucidium gnoma Wagl. California Pigmy Owl. (Especially downy young.) 410. Glaucidium phalwnoides (Daud.) Scl. and Sal v. Ferruginous Pigmj^ Owl. (Especially downy young.) 411. Micrathene icMtneyi (Cooper) Cones. Whitney's Pigmy Owl. (Es- pecially downy young.) 412. Eierofalco gyrfaleo candicans (Gm.) Ridgw. White Gyrfalcon. (Especially downy young.) 412 «. Hierofaleo gyrfaleo islandus (Gm.) Ridgw. Iceland Gyrlalcon. (Adults and downy young.) 412 b. Hierofaleo gyrfaleo sacer (Forst.) Ridgw. McFarlane's Gyrfalcon. (Series, especially adults.) 412 c. Hierofaleo gyrfaleo obsoletus (Gm.) Ridgw. Labrador Gyrfalcon. (A good series of both old and young wanted.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 215 413. HierofaJco mcjicanxs poh/agrus (Cass.) Kidgw. Prairie Falcou. (Especially adults and dowuy youug.) 414. Falco peregrinus nccvius (Gm.) Ridgw. American Peregrine Fal- con; Dnck Hawk. (Adults and downy young.) 414 a. Falco peregrinus pealei Kidgw. Peale's Falcon. t415. Falco albigularis Daud. (yhestnuttbigbed Falcon. t [410.J JEsalon regulus (Pall.) Blytb. European Merlin. (Good series of all stages wanted.) 417. ^lEsalon columbarius (Linn.) Kaup. Pigeon Hawk. 417 a. JEsalon columbaritis sucJdeyi Ridgw. Black Merlin. 418. JEsalon richardsont Ridgw. Richardson's Merlin. (Especially fully adult male and downy young.) 419. Bhynchofalco J'usco-cwruleseens (Vieill.) Ridgw. Aplomado Falcon. (Especially downy young.) 420 a. Tinnunculns sparverius isabellinus (Swains.) Ridgw. Isabelline Sparrow Hawk. 421. Tinnunculus sparverioules (Vig.) Gray. Cuban Sparrow Hawk. 425. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gm.) Ridgw. American Osi)rey ; Fish Hawk. (Downy young.) 42G. J5/7rt«oi(?e.s/or^ca/«s (Linn.) Ridgw. Swallow-tailed Kite. (Espec- ially downy young; good adults also wanted.) 427 Elanus glaucus (Bartr.) Cones. Wbite-tailed Kite. (Especially downy young.) 428. Ictinia sidwwrulea (Bartr.) Cones. Mississippi Kite. (Especially downy young.) 429. Eostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgw. Everglade Kite. (Espec- ially^ downy young.) 431. Accipiter coojjcri Bona]). Cooper's Hawk. (Downy young.) 432. Accipiter fusctis (Gmel.) Bp. Sbarp-sbinned Hawk. (Downy young.) 433. Asttir africapillus (Wils.) Bp. American Goshawk. (Downy young ; also good adults.) 433 a. Astur atricapillus striaiulus Ridgw. Western Goshawk. 434. Antenor unicinctus harrisi (And.) Ridgw. Harris's Hawk. 436. Buteo borealis {i}m.)Ymi\\. Red-tailed Hawk. (Downy young.) * 430 a. Buteo borealls Icrideri Hoopes. Krider's Hawk. 436 i. Buteo boreaUscalnrus{C'A&^.)^i(\.gyf. Western Red-tail. (Melan- otic specimens.) 436 c. Buteo boreaUs lucasanus Ridgw. Saint Lucas Red-tail. 436 d. Buteo boreaJis socorroensis Ridgw. Socorro Red-tall. 437. Buteo cooperi Cass. Cooper's Henbawk. 438. Buteo harlani xVud. Harlan's Hawk. 439. Buteo liueaius ((xm.) Jard. Red-shouldered Hawk. (Downy young.) 439 a. Buteo Uneatus elegans (Cass.) Ridgw. Red-bellied Hawk. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 440. Buteo ahhreviatus Caban. Zone-tailed Hawk. (Especially downy young.) 441. Buteo albicaudatus Vieill. White-tailed Hawk. (Especially downy young.) 442. Buteo swainsoni Bonap. Swainson's Hawk. (Especially downy young.) 443. Buteo pennsylvanicus (Wils.) Bp. Broad-winged Hawk. (Downy young; also adults.) t444. TJrubitinga anthracina (Licht.) Lafr. Mexican Black Hawk. (Especially downy young.) 445. Asturina nitida plagiata (Liclit.) Kidgw. Mexican Goshawk. (Es- pecially downy young.) 446. Onycliotes gruberi Eidgw. Gruber's Hawk. (Only two specimens known to exist in collections!) 447. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-joliannis (Gmel.) Eidgw. American Eough- legged Hawk. (Downy young and melanotic specimens.) 448. Archibuteo ferrugineus (Licht.) Gray. Ferruginous Eough-leg. (Especially downy young and melanotic specimens.) 449. Aquila chrysaetus canadensis (Linn.) Eidgw. Golden Eagle. (Es. pecially downy young.) t450. Thrasaetus harpyia (Linn.) Gray. Harpy Eagle. 1 452. Haliaetus albicilla (Linn.) Leach. Gray Sea Eagle. (Greenland specimens.) 453. PseudogrypJms californianus (Shaw) Eidgw. California Condor. (Adults and downy young.) 454. CafJtartes aura (Linn.) Illig. Turkey Buzzard. (Downy young.) 455. Catkarista atrata (Wils.) Less. Black Vulture; Carrion Crow. (Downy young.) 461. Zenaidura graysoni Baird. Socorro Dove. 462. Zenaida amahilis Bp. Zenaida Dove. 467. Geotrygnn martinica (Gm.) Bp. Key West Dove. 1468. Starnoenas cyanocepliala (Linn.) Bp. Blue-headed Dove. 469. Ortalis vetula maccalli (Baird) Eidgw. Chachalaca; Texan Guan. (Especially downy young.) 470. Meleagris gallopavo Linn. Mexican Turkey. (Downy young and young in first plumage.) 470 a. Meleagris gallopavo americana (Bartr.) Coues. Wild Turkey. (Downy young and young in first plumage.) 471a. Canace obscurafuliginosaJlidgv;'. Sooty Grouse. 471 &. Canaceobscurarichardsoni (Dougl.) Baird. Eichardson's Grouse. 472. Canace canadensis {Lirm.) Bii. Canada Grouse ; Spruce Partridge. (Downy young.) 472 a. Canace canadensis franldini (Dougl.) Baird. Franklin's Grouse. 473 a. Bonasa umbellus umbcUoides (Dougl.) Baird. Gray Euffed Grouse. (Downy young and young in first plumage.) PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 217 473 h. Bonasa umheJlus sahinei (Dongl.) Coues. Oregon Ruffevl Grc use. (Young in down and in first plumage.) 475. Lagopusrupestris{(jm.)ljQ&>Qh. Eock Ptarmigan. (Adults in sum- mer plumage and downy young.) 476. LagopuH leucurus Sw. White-tailed Ptarmigan. (Downy young and adults in winter plumage.) 477 a. Cnjridonia ciqndo jmllidicmctallidgw. Lesser Prairie Hen. (Es- pecially young in first plumage and in down.) 478. Pedioecetes phasianellus (L.) Elliot. Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse. (Especially young in first plumage and in down.) 480 a. Ortyx virgmiana Jloridana Coues. Florida Quail. (Especially chick and young in first plumage.) 480 b. Ortyx virginiana texana (Lawi\) Coues. Texan Quail. (Espe- cially chick and young in first plumage.) 481. Oreortyx picta (Dougl.) Baird. Mountain Quail. (Chick.) 481 «.. Oreortyx picta p>luimfera {Gould) H'ldgw. Plumed Quail. (Chick.) 484. CaUipepla squamata (Vig.) Gray. Scaled Quail. (Chick and young in first plumage.) 486. Ardea occidentalis Aud. Great White Heron ; Witrdemann's Heron. (A series includiug all ages and phases of plumage much needed.) f 499. Mycteria americana Linn. Jabiru. 500. Tantalus loculator Linn. Wood Ibis. (Downy young.) 501. Eudocimus albus (Linn.) Wagl. vVhite Ibis. (Downy young.) t502. Eudocimus ruber (Linn.) Wagl. Scarlet Ibis. (Downy young.) 503. Plegadisfalcinellus {Linn.) Kaup. Glossy Ibis. (Especially downy young.) 505. Ajaja rosea (Reich.). Roseate Spoonbill. (Downy young.) t [506]. Roimatopus ostragelus Linn. European Oystercatcher. (Young in first plumage aud in down.) 508. Hcematopus niger Pall. Black Oystercatcher. ( Young in first plum- age and in down.) 509. Strepsilas interpres (Linn.) Illig. Turnstone. (Downy young.) 510. Strepsilas melanocephala Vig. Black Turnstone. (Downy young.) 511. Aj^hriza virgata {Gcmel.) (lirny. Surf Bird. (Downy young.) t [512.J Vanellus cristatus Meyer. Lapwing. (American specimens.) 513. Squatarola helvetica (Linn.) Cuv. Black-bellied Plover. (Downy young.) t [514.] Charadrins pluviaUs Linn. Golden Plover. (Greenland speci- mens ; also downy young.) 515. Charadrius dominicus Mull. American Golden Plover. (Downy young.) [515 a.] Charadrius dominicus fulvus (Gmel.) Ridgw. Pacific Golden Plover. (Summer adults and downy young.) 518. ^gialltes hiaiicula {lAnn.) Boie. Ringed Plover. (Downy young.) [519.] ^gialites curonicas (Gmel.) Gray. Little Ringed Plover. (Downy young.) 218 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 520. ^gialites melodus (Ord.) Bp. Piping Plover. (Downy young.) 520 a. ^gialiies meJodus circumcinctus Eidgw. Belted Piping Plover. (Series of adults; dowuy young.) t[524.] Scolopaw rusticulaJjiiin. European Woodcock. (American speci- mens.) t [526.] GaUinago media Leacb. English Snipe. (Greenland specimens; downy young.) 52G a. GaUinago media wilsoni (Temui.) Eidgw. Wilson's Snipe. (Downy young.) 527. Macroyhamijhus griseiis {Gme\.) Leach. Eed-breasted Snipe; Gray Snipe. (Downy young.) 527 «. Macrorhamplms griseus scolopaceus (Say) Coues. Eed-bellied Snipe; Greater Gray-baQk. (Downy young.) 528. 31icropalamaMmantopus [Bona,]).) Baird. Stilt Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 529. Triiiga canutus lAwn. Knot; Eobin Snipe. (Downy young.) [533.J Actodromas acuminata, (Horsf.) Eidgw. Sharif-tailed Sandpiper. (Summer adults and downy young.) 534. Actodromas macidata (Vieill.) Coues. Pectoral Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 535. Actodromas cooperi (Baird) Coues. Cooper's Sandpiper. (Type still unique!) 536. Actodromas fuscicollis (Vieill.) Eidgw. Bonaparte's Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 537. Actodromas hairdi Cones. Baird's Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 538. Actodromas minutilla (Vieill.) Bp. Least Sandpiper. (Downy young.) f[539.] Pelidna alpina (Linn.) Boie. European Dunlin. (American specimens; downy young.) 539 a. Pelidna alpina, americana Cass. Eed-backed Sandpiper. (Downy young.) [540.] Pelidna suharquata (Guld.) Cuv. Curlew Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 542. Calidris arenaria (Linn.) Illig. Sanderling. (Downy young.) 543. Limosafoeda {]Aun.) Ord. Marbled Godwit. (Downy young.) 544. Limosa lapponica novwzealandicc Gray. Pacific Godwit. (Downy young.) 545. Limosa liccmastica (Linn.) Coues. Hudsonian Godwit. (Downy young.) t[546.] Limosa cegoceiiliala [lAwYi.) ljQ,ach. Black-tailed Godwit. (Amer- ican specimens; downy young.) [547.] Totanns glottis (Linn.) Bechst. Green shank. (Downy young.) 548. Totanus mclanolcucns (Gmel.) Vieill. Greater Yellow-legs; Tell- tale. (Downy young.) 549. Totanns Jlavipes (Gmel.) Vieill. Yellow-legs. (Downy young.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 219 550. Rhyacophilns .soJilarius (Wils.) Cass, Solitary Sandpiper. (Downy young.) t[551.] I\hyacv2)Jiili(s ochropus {lAim.) liidgw. Green Sandpiper. (Amer- ican specimens: downy young.) 552. Sympliemia semipalmata (Gmel.) Hartl. Willet. (Downy'young.) 553. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmel.) Cones. Waiulering Tattler. (Downy young.) [564.] j\[achetes piigna.r (hum.) Cnx. llnH. (Downy young.) 556. Tryngites rufescens (Vieill.) Caban. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. (Downy young.) 559. Ninnenius hudsonicus Latb. Hudsonian Curlew. (Downy young.) 560. Numenius horeaUs (Forst.) Lath. Eskimo Curlew. (Downy young.) t[561.] Nnmenhis x)h(vopuH (Linn.) Lath. Wliimbrel. (American speci- mens ; downy young.) [562.] Numenius tahitiensis (Gmel.) Cass. Bristle-thiglied Curlew. (Downy young.) 563. Phalarojyus Julimrmfi {lj'mn.)Bii. Eed Phalarope. (Downy young.) 566. Ix'ecurvirostra americana Gmel. American Avocet. (Downy young.) 1 568. Parra gymriosfoma Wagl. Mexican Jacana. (United States specimens ; downy young.) 570. Uallus ohsoUtus Eidgw. California Clapper Eail. 571 a. Rallus lonyirostris saturatus Hensb. Louisiana Clapper Eail. '?572. Rallus virginianus Liun. Virginia Eail. (Downy young.) t [573.] Porzana maruetta (Leach) Bp. Spotted Crake. (American spec- imens ; downy young.) 575 Porsana noveboracensis (Gmel.) Baird. Little Yellow Eail. (Downy young.) 576. Porzana jamaicensis (Gmel.) Baird. Little Black Eail. (Downy young.) 576 rt. Porzana jamaicensis coturniculus Baird. FaralloneEaiL (Series; also downy young.) t[577.] Crex pratensis Beahst Corn Crake. (American specimens.) 578. lonornis martinica (Linn.) Eeich. Purple Gallinule. (Downy young.) 581. Aramus 2nctus {BuTtr.) QouQS. Limpkin. (Downy young.) 582. Grus americana {Jjhm.)Temm. Whoo])ing Crane. (Downy young.) 583. Grus canadensis (Linn.) Temm. Sandhill Crane. (Downy young.) 5S4:. Grus fraterculus GasH. Little Crane. (Downy young.) 585. PJmnicopterus ruher Linn. American Flamingo. (Good adults, young, and downy young.) t[586.] Olor cygnus (Linn.) B]). European Swan. (American speci- mens; downy young.) *[587.] Olor minor {Va\\.)Bi). Bewick's Swan. 589. Olor buccinator (Eicli.) Wagl. Trumpeter Swan. (Downy young.) 590. Chen carulescens (Linn.) Eidgw. Blue-winged Goose. (Downy young.) 220 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 591. Che7i hyperhoreus (Pall.) Boie. Snow Goose. (Downy young.) 591 a. Chen hyperhoreus albatus (Cass.) Eidg. Lesser Snow Goose. (Downy young.) 582. Chen rossi (Baird) Ridgw. Ross's Snow Goose. (Downy young.) t[593.] AnseralbifronsGmel. European White-fronted Goose. (Green- land specimens; downy yonng.) 593 a. Anser albi/rons gambeli (Hartl.) Coues. American White-fronted Goose. (Downy young.) 594 c. BernicJa canadennu occidentalis (Baird) Dall & Bann. Larger White-cheeked Goose. (Especially downy young.) 595. Bernicla brenta (Pall.) Steph, Brant. (Downy young.) 596. Bernicla niyricanH (Lawr.) Cass. Black Brant. (Young in first plumage and in down.) [597.] Bernicla leucopsis (Temm.) Boie. Barnacle Goose. (Downy young.) 598. Philacte canagica (Sevast.) Bannist. Emperor Goose. (Downy young.) GOO. Dendrocycna fulva (Gme\) Burm. Fulvous Tree Duck. (Downy young.) 603. Anas fulvigula Ridgw. Florida Dusky Duck. (Series; downy young.) 604. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn.) Gray. Gadwall. (Downy young.) [606.] Marecapenelope (hmn.) ^olhy. Widgeon. (Downy young.) 609. Querquedida discors {\Ann.) Steph. Blue-winged Teal. (Downy young.) [611.] Ncttion crecca, (Linn.) Kaup. English Teal. (Downy young.) 612. Nettion carolinensis (Gmel.) Baird. Green-winged Teal. (Downy young.) 614. Fulix marila (Linn.) Baird. Scaup Duck. (Downy young.) 615. Fulix affinis (Eyt.) Baird. Little Blackhead. (Downy young.) 616. Fulix collaris (Donov.) Baird. Ring-billed Blackhead. (Downy young.) 617. ^thyia vallisneria (Wils.) Boie. Canvas-back. (Downy young.) 619. Clangula islandica (Gmel.) Bp. Barrow's Golden-eye. (Downy young.) 621. Clangula albeola {Lhm.) ^te-ph. Butterball; Buftlehead. (Downy young.) 622. Histrionicus minutus (Linn.) Dresser. Harlequin Duck'. (Downy young.) 623. Harelda glaciaUs (Linn.) Leach. Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw. (Downy young.) 624. Camptolwmuslah'adorius {Gmel.) Gray. Labrador Duck. (Espec- ially downy young.) 625. Folystictastclleri {Pii\].)BriiiiAt. Steller's Duck. (Downy young.) 626. Lampronettajischeri Brandt. Spectacled Eider. (Downy young.) 627. Somateriamollissima(L\nn.)'Boie. Common Eider. (Downy young.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 221 627 a. Somateria mollissima dresseri (Sharpe) Coues. American Eider. (Downy yonng.) 629. Somateria spectahilis (Linn.) Boie. King Eider. (Downy young.) 630. (Edemia americana Sw. & Rich. American Scoter. (Downy young.) t [631.] Melanetta fusca (Liun.) Boie Velvet Scoter. (American speci- mens; downy young.) 632. Melanettavelvetina{Cass.)'BsiiTd. AmericanVelvet Scoter. (Downy young.) 633. Felionetta perspicillata{Lmu.)Kani^. Surf Duck. (Downyyoung.) 1 635. Nomomjx dominicus (Linn.) Ridgw. Black Masked Duck. (Adult male with black head, aud downy young.) 636. Mergus merganser americanus (Cass.) Ridgw. American Sheldrake. (Downy young.) 644. Fhalacrocorax mexicanus (Brandt) Scl. & Sal v. Mexican Cormo- rant. (Adults in nuptial plumage.) * 648. Fhalacrocorax perspicillatus FaM. Pallas's Cormorant. 657. Fagopliila eburnea (Phipps) Kaup. Ivory Gull. (Downy young.) 661. Lams leucojjterus Faber. White-winged Gull. (Downy young.) 662. Lams glaucescens Jjicht. Glaucous-winged Gull. (Downyyoung.) * [665.] Lams affinis Reinh. Siberian Gull. 667. Larus cachinnans Pall. Pallas's Herring Gull. (Series, especially young and downy young.) 669. Tjarus dekucarensis Ord. Ring-billed Gull. (Downyyoung.) 670. Lams brachyrhynchns Rich. Short-billed Gull. (Downy young.) [671.] Larus canus Linn. Mew Gull. (Downy young.) 672. Larus heermanni Cuss. Heerman's Gull. (Downyyoung.) 674. Larus franllini Sw. & Rich. Franklin's Gull. (Downy young.) 675. Larus Philadelphia (Ord) Gray. Bonaparte's Gull. (Downyyoung.) 676. Bhodostethia rosea (Macgill.) Bruch. Ross's Gull. (Adult and downy young.) 677. Xeina sabinei (J. Sabine) Leach. Sabine's Gull. (Downy young.) *67S. Creagrus furcatus (Neb.) Bp. Swallow-tailed Gull. 680. Sterna caspia Pall. Caspinn Tern. (Young in first plumage.) 681. Sterna regia Gamb. Royal Tern. (Young in first plumage and downy young.) 682. Sterna elegans Gamb. Elegant Tern. (Young in first plumage and downy young.) 683. Sterna cantiaca acuflavida (Cabot) Ridgw. Cabot's Tern. (Downy young.) 684. Sterna trudeaui Aud. Trudeau's Tern. (All stages, but especially summer adult and young, all ages.) 688. Sterna dougalli Montag. Roseate Tern. (Downy young.) 689. Sterna aleutica Baird. Aleutian Tern. (Downj' young.) 691. Sterna JuliginosaGm]. Sooty Tern. (Downyyoung.) 692. Sterna atucstheta Scop. Bridled Tern. (Downy young.) 694. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Weisn. & Schinz.) Boie. White-winged Black Tern. (Downy young : young in first plumage ; winter adult.) 222 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 695. Anous sfoUdusltmn. Noddy Teru. (Downy young; young in first plumage.) 690, Megale.stri.s ulua (Briinn.) Ridgw. Skua Gull. (Downy young.) 697. i^tercorariusjyomatorhinns {Temm.) Vieill. Pomarine Jaeger. (Downy young.) 698. Stereorariiis crepidatus (Banks) Vieill. Richardson's Jaeger. (Downy young.) 699. Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.) Saunders. Long-tailed Jaeger. (Downy young and melanotic specimens of adult.) 703. Phcpbeiria fulif/inosa (Grael.) Bp. Sooty Albatros. (American specimens and downy young.) 704. Ossifraga gifjantea (Gm.) Uemlx. Giant Fulmar. (American speci- mens and young in down.) 705 «. Fulmarus glacialis pacijicus (Aud.) Bp. Pacitic Fulmar. (Young in down.) 706. Priocellatenuirostris (And.) liidgw. Slender-billed Fulmar. (Amer- ican specimens and downy young.) t707. Priofinus melanurus (Bonn.) Ridgw. Black-tailed Shearwater. (American specimens aud downy young.) t708. Pnffinus kuJili (Boie) Bp. Cinereous Shearwater. (American specimens and downy young.) 710. Puffinus Creatopus Cooper. Pink-footed Shearwater. (Downy young.) [711. J Puffinus anglorum Temm. Manx Shearwater. (American speci- mens and downy young.) 713. Puffinus gavla{Yov^t.)¥ui^(ih.. Black-vented Shearwater. (Espec- ially young in down.) 715. Puffinus griseus (Gm.) Finsch. Dark-bodied Shearwater. (Espec- ially young in down.) 716. Puffinus tenuirostris Temm. Slender-billed Shearwater. (Series; young in down.) 1717. (Estrelata hwsitata {Temm.) Cones. Black-capped Petrel. (Series; young in down.) t718. (Estrelata bulweri (Jard. & Selby) Coues. Bulwer's Petrel. (Series, including downy young.) 720. Halocyptena microsoma Coues. Least Petrel. (Series, inclnding downy young.) 724. Cymochorea melcena (Bp.) Coues. Black Petrel. (Series, including downy young.) 725. Cymochorea homochroa Coues. Ashy Petrel. (Series, including downy young.) *727. Occanodroma hornhyi (Gray) Bp. Hornby's Petrel. i Fregetta grallaria {YieiU.) Bp. White-bellied Petrel. 730. ^^chmophorus elarM (Lawr.) Coues. Clark's Grebe. (Downy young.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 223 731. Podiceps hoJbolli Eeinh. Americau Eed-necked Grebe. (Young iu down.) 732. Dytes auritvs (Linn.) Eidgw. Horned Grebe. (Young in down.) t733. Dytes nigricolHs (Brehin.)Ili(lgvr. Eared Grebe. (American speci- mens; young in down.) 730. Colymbus torquatus Briinn. Loon. (Dow^ny young.) 737. Colymbus adamsi Gray. Great White-billed Loon, (^specially downy young.) 738. Colymbus arcticns lAnn. Black-tbroated Diver. (Downy young.) 739. Colymbus 2)ac}Jicvs Jax-wt. Pacific Diver. (Downy young.) 740. Colymbus sepientrionaUs Linn. Eed-tbroated Diver. (Downy young.) f741. Alca impennisljmxi. Great Auk. 742. Vtamanmtorcla{ljm\\.)ljQ'<\Qh. Eazor-billed Auk. (Downy young.) 743. i^r«/ercM?«arcttc« (Linn.) Stepb. Common Pufifin. (Downy young.) *743fl. Fratercula arctica (jlacinlis (Leacb) Eidgw. Large-billed Puffin. 746. Ceratorlilna monocrrota [YnW.) Q'AHS,. Horn-billed Puffin. (Downy young.) 747. Fhaleris psittacula (Pall.) Temm. Parrot Auk. (Downy young, young in first i)lumage, and winter adults.) 748. Simorhynchus cristatellns (Pall.) Merrem. Crested Auk. (Downy young.) 749. Simorhynchus pygmwus {Gmel.)'Ri(\gw. Whiskered Auk. (Adults in breeding plumage and in winter; downy young.) 751. Ptycorhamphus alcuticus (Pall.) Bouaj), Cassin's Auk. (Downy young.) 752. Alle nigricans Link. Sea Dove ; Dovekie. (Downy young.) 753. Synthliborhamplius nntiqnus (Gm.) Coues. Black -throated Guille- mot. (Downy young.) 754. Bynthliboi'haynphus wurmizusume (Temm.) Coues. Temminck's Guillemot. (Series, all stages.) 755. Bracliyrhamphus marmoratus (Gm.) Brandt. Marbled Guillemot. (Downy young.) 756. Brachyrhnmphus Mttlitzi Brandt. Kittlitz's Guillemot. (Series, all stages, but especially downy young.) 757. Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus Xantus. Xantus's Guillemot. (Sum- mer adults and downy young.) 758. Brachyrhamphus craveri (Salvad.) Coues. Craver's Guillemot (Summer adults and downy young.) *759. Brachyrhamphns brachypterus Brandt. Short-winged Guillemot. * 762. Uria carbo (Pall.) Gray. Sooty Guillemot. 224 FEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. OIV SEMLPER'S lUETHOO OF MAKIIVO DRY PREPARATIONS.* In the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society of Loudon for August last it is stated that "Herr Semper recently exhibited to the Wiirzburg- Society some zoological and anatomical preparations which had been prepared by ajaew method for dry preservation. After being hardened in a solution of chromic acid [the strength to be regulated according to the delicacy of the object and varying from one-half to one per cent.], the objects are placed in alcohol [95 per cent, will answer] to remove the water and afterwards steeped in oil of turpentine and finally dried. The tissues, while drying, are permeated by innumerable small air-bubbles, and in consequence the preparations retain their origina} form without sensibly shrinking, while in color they assume a white tint similar to a gypsum model. The finished preparation, which is almost pure white, and which possesses a firm, leathery consistency, may be painted with colors in parts as may be required for teaching purposes. The preparations produced were partly complete animals—mussels, annelida, and so forth—with the viscera of various vertebrate and inver- tebrate animals. A preparation of a cat's eye showed that, after drying, the position of the parts—the lens, ciliary processes, and so forth — underwent no change. A microscopical preparation of brain, treated on this method, proved that still simpler microscopic relations were retained after the drying—and, particularly with carmine coloring, could be distinctly recognized. Herr v. Kolliker pointed out the advantage to be derived from this method, especially the possibility of adapting the preparations for special demonstration by painting.! The utility of a method of preparation of this kind for moderately- sized animals, usually treated as alcoholics, will at once be apparent. It would be ijossible to i)aint the subject either in the natural colors of life, or, in the case of anatomical preparations, to indicate the parts by the use of arbitrary, conventional tints. While these preparations would be readily combustible, they would be light and absolutely free from the attacks of Bermestes, those well-known museum pests. As a most in- structive method of making dry preparations for museum display, either of whole animals or of their anatomy, it certainly deserves a trial, as it is a much neater and cleaner method than the Wickersheimer plan, in which glycerine enters as an important element, and which would be objectionable because the object could never be thoroughly dried, but would always be sticky and disagreeable to handle and liable to soil the shelves of the museum cases. In order to make the x>reservation effect- ual, after dehydration in 95 jjer cent, alcohol, which is strong enough * Abstract, with remarks by J. A. Ryder. tVerhandl. Phys.-Med. Gesell., Wiirzburg, XV, 1881, S. B. IX. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 225 for the purpose, tlie preparation oug^ht to be allowed to become thor- oughly saturated with the oil of turpentine; the time which it will take to do this will of course depend upon the size and thickness of the ob- ject treated. Tlie principle nivolved in this method is the same as that applied in making balsam or damar preparations on slips for the micro- scope, onlj' that after dehydration is effected oil of cloves is used to make the object transparent instead of turpentine, although the latter is also used. The preparation is then covered with a drop of balsam and the cover-glass put on, when you have a specimen that, with a little care, will last a lifetime. The Semper is simply the microscopic method adapted to large objects which could not be mounted upon slides, and I see no reason why they should not be equally as durable as micro- scopical balsam preparations. It is equally important that the strong alcohol should completely saturate the specimen, else the turpentine will not find its way into all parts of it so as to render it indestructibhi when dry. Two or three hours would probably suffice for the saturation with alcohol or turpentine of moderately large specimens. The harden- ing in the chromic acid solution would require from 12 to 24 hours, according to the size of the object. This method is also free from the objection which applies to Wickersheimer's, that there are no corrosive metallic poisons used. By placing the vessel containing the preparation as immersed under an air pump, the penetration of the liquids will be facilitated. NOTES OX A COIiliECTIOIV OF FISHES, MADE BV I.IKITT. IIEXKY K. 1VICE50H.S, IJ. S. IV., ON TBaE ^VEST COAST OF MEXICO, UITH DE- SCRIP riONS OF NEW SPECIES. By DAVID S. JORDAN and CMARI.ES H. OIlLB£RT. During the autumn of 1880 a cruise along the west coast of Mexico and Central America was made by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic steamer Hassler. Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, the officer in command, took much pains to make collections of fishes whenever they were obtainable. As a result of his labors we have the small but extremely valuable collec- tion noticed in the present paper. It will be observed that twelve of the specimens came from the Eevillagigedo Islands, in the open sea to the westward of Mexico, a locality where no collections of fishes had been previously made by any one. Six of these specimens belong to species new to the fauna of Noith America. We give an enumeration by localities of the species in the entire col- lection, with the number borne by each specimen on the records of the United States National Museum. A.— Whaler''s Bmj, Guadalupe Island, Lotcer California. 1. PsEUDOJULis 3I0DESTUS (Girard) Gthr. 2. PsKUDOJULis MODESTUS (Grd.) Gthr. (No. 28,301 U. S. Nat. Mus.) Troc. Nat. Mus. 81 15 Dec. S4, 1881. 22 G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. B. — Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island. 3. Caranx ORTnociRAMMUS sp. iiov. (No. 28,345 U. S. Nat. Mns.) Allied to Caranx fcrdau and G. (jymnostethoides ; species with nearly straight lateral line, mauy-ra.yed dorsal and anal, and feeble teeth. Body elliptical, compressed, the back regularly but not strongly arched, the ventral outline forming a rather even but less convex curve. Head l(Higer than deep, rather pointed in profile, its median ridge somewhat elevated. Mouth low, oblique, the maxillary extending to nearly oppo- site front of pupil, its length 2v|- in head; lower jaw slightly projecting. Teeth all equally minute, in villiform bands on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue. Eye large, broader than prcorbital, its diameter 1^ in length of snout, 4§ in head. Adipose eyelid little developed. Cheeks and temporal region with tine scales; rest of head naked. Scales rather small, those below pectorals smaller; a naked area on breast, becoming wider forwards from base of ventrals. Lateral line almost straight, slightly undulated and curved upwards above pectorals, becoming straight by almost imperceptible degrees opposite lobe of anal. Greatest de])th of the arch less than diameter of pupil; the length of straight part less than that of the curve. Plates developed only on the ])OSterior third of the straight part; the plates small, with low keels, their spines little prominent; 15 to 18 plates developed, including small ones, in front of which are about 40 ordinary scales on the straight por- tion of the lateral line. Spinous dorsal very small, of three weak spines slightly connected by membrane, the highest spine not longer than diameter of pupil (these spines, probably, more numerous and larger in young examples) Soft dorsal long and low, with slender rays; a well-developed scaly basal sheath anteriorly. Elevated rays in front a little more than one- third the base of the flu, a little more than half length of head; anal shorter than dorsal, its anterior lobe equally high, and with a similar basal sheath. Eree anal spines obsolete iu typical specimen. Caudal lobes moderate, equal, as long as head, their length equal to the depth of the tin from tip to tip. Pectoral fln falcate, its tip very slender, reaching eighth ray of anal, its length 2^ in body. Ventrals short, 2^ in head. Head 2| in length to base of caudal ; depth 3|. Fin rays : D. IIl-I, 32. A. II-I, 20. Coloration in spirits, smutty olivaceous, everywhere irregularly clouded with darker, the belly scarcely paler than the back ; opercular sjiot obsolete. Dorsal, anal, posterior border of caudal, and tips of ventrals blackish; flus otherwise dull olivaceous. A single specimen of this species, 10 inches in length, was obtained by Lieutenant Nichols, at Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, oft" the west coast of Mexico. It is certainly very close to Caranx ferdau (Giinther, Eische Sudsee, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEmi. 227 ii, 134, taf. 87, SS), but it seems to difier in color and in the armature of the lateral line. 4. Caranx lugubris* Poey. (No. 28,375 U. S. Xat. Mus.) Body ol)long-ovate, compressed, deep, the back elevated, but not arched. Profile gibbous from the occiput forward to above eye, thence straight and steej) at a considerable angle to a point in front of nostrils, whence the snout again projects at a strong angle. Outline of back nearly straight from the occiput to the front of the second dorsal, thence declining regularly to the caudal peduncle. Ventral outline nearly straight from the lower jaw to the origin of the anal, the base of which is ])laced at a similar angle to that of the soft dorsal. Bead large, very deep, deeper than long; occipital ridge not sharp. Mouth large, the broad maxillary reaching to opposite front of i)upil. Lower jaw strong, the chin projecting when the mouth is closed. Teeth in the upper jaw in a narrow villitorm band, with an outer series of larger, conical teeth, six to eight in number on each side, subequal and regularlj' arranged. Lower jaw with a single series of teeth similar to the larger teeth of the upper jaw, a few smaller teeth intermixed with them. No differentiated canine teeth. Villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Gill-rakers rather long, close-set, three-fifths diameter of eye. Eye large, with a distinct adipose eyelid, its diameter equal to that of the broad preorbital, which is wider than the maxillary, 4J times in length of head. Cheeks closely scaled; oj^ercles mostly naked below; a few scales on subopercle and interoi)ercle. Scales on body not very small ; breast closely scaled. Lateral line with a moderate curve anteriorly, becoming straight at front of anal ; the length of the arch being less than two-thirds that of the straight part; greatest depth of the arch about one-tifth its length. Armature of lateral line beginning at the curve; the plates rather large, very broad, twenty-eight in number. Fins with verj' few scales or none. Si)inous dorsal moderate, the spines rather strong, its last si)ine stout and free, nearly horizontal. Second dorsal falcate, the longest rays more than half the length of its base. Posterior part of the fin rather low, rising well above its low basal sheath of scales which terminates near the middle of the fin ; anal similar to soft dorsal, its anterior rays more than half the base of the fin. Free anal spines moderate. Caudal lobes rather broad, equal, not very long, the upper as long as from snout to edge of opercle; depth of the fin from tip to tip, about equal to depth of head. Ventral fins short, not filamentous, as long as from snout to end of max- illary. Pectoral extremely long, falcate, reaching to the tenth plate of the lateral line, or about to seventh anal ray, its length 2| in that of bodj', less than than the greatest depth of the body. Fin rays : D. VII-I, 21. A. II-I, 18. * Caranx ascerisionis Giiuther, Fiscbe der Sudsee ii, 132, taf. 8^ =^Caranx ascension is Cxiv. & Val. ix, 102: cvidoutly uot Scomber asccnsionis Osbeck, which is pale in color, aud with D. VIII-25; A. 25. , 228 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Head 3,\ in lenstli to base of caudal; g^reatest depth 2|. Color sooty blackish, nearly uniforiu, the belly not paler tlian the back. A black spot at angle of opercle, none on pectoral. Ventrals, anal and dorsal wholly black, as are the shields of the lateral line. The single specimen of this species (Xo. 28,385) 18 inches in length, was obtained by Lieutenant Nichols, at Sulphur Bay, Clarion Ishmd, off the west coast of Mexico. It seems to be identical with the fish figured by Dr. Giinther (Fische Sudsee, taf. 85) as Caranx ascemionis, from Kingsmill Island, but the orignal Scomber ascemionis of Osbeck is evi- dently a different species. 5. Balistes mento sp. nov. (No. 28,387 U. S. Nat. Mus.) Body oblong, elliptical, slightly heaviest forward ; dorsal and ventral outlines similar, neither much arched. Body not strongly compressed, its greatest thickness a little less than half its g-reatest depth. INIouth very small, terminal, higher up than usual, nearly in the line of the axis of the body, the chin protruding beyond it; width of the mouth from angle to angle about equal to the diameter of the eye. Lower jaw the longer, its teeth slightly directed backward; upper jaw with its teeth directed slightly forwards, shutting outside of the lower teeth. Teeth pale brownish, somewhat unequal; lower teeth wedge shaped, broadest and nearly truncate at tip; teeth of the upper jaw obliquely truncatej slightly emarginate, the outer angle pointed and in^ojecting. About eight teeth in the outer row ; the mouth so closely shut that the inner row cannot be seen. Eye small, high and well back, its diameter contained nearly twice in the interorbital width, 3 in snout. A groove in front of eye below the nostrils, about as long as the diameter of the eye. Five narrow grooves on the cheek below the eye, extending from near the mouth backward toward the base of the pectoral. Height of gill-opening slightly greater than diameter of eye, its lo\^er edge opposite middle of pectoral. Scales of body comparatively small, not very rough. Scales of belly somewhat reduced in size, arranged in oblique series running downward and backward from the pectoral region, these forming a contrast in direction with the scales of the sides. Scales on caudal peduncle with- out keel or spines, similar to those on rest of body; scales on posterior portion of sides slightly carinate, forming low ridges along the rows of scales. Gill-opening surrounded by small scales and without larger l>lates. First dorsal spine very robust, placed somewhat behind eye, its height a little more than twice diameter of eye, the deep dorsal groove as long- as the spine. Second spine short and slender, its length about equal to diameter of eye. Third dorsal spine wholly ivanting. Soft dorsal rather high, its longest rays more than half the length of the base of the fin, If in head; anal similar, its base a little shorter, a few series of small scales covering the base of each fin ; caudal mod- erate, lunate, its deptti from tip to tip more than its length, and 1^- times PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 220 in length of head. Caudal peduncle subterete, deeper than broad. Ven- tral spine slightly movable. Pectoral short, rounded, less than half length of head. Head 3i in length ; depth 2|- . Dorsal rays II-I, 29. Anal I, 2G. Lat. 1. 37; 23 scales in an oblicpie series upward and forward from front of anal. Coloration in spirits, dark olive above, rather pale below, the skin between the scales somewhat darker; scaly basal part of dorsal and anal abruptly black ; membrane of these tins yellowish, the tips dusky. Scaly base of caudal dark brown, the medial part lighter brownish; a lunate band at tip yellowish; i^ectorals olivaceous. One specunen of this species, lOi inches long, was taken by Lieuten- ant Nichols at Clarion Island. It differs from all the known species of Balistes in the presence of but two spines in the dorsal. If this be not an accidental variation, the species should probably be taken as the type of a distinct genus. The small high mouth gives a somewhat pecu- liar physiognomy. C. — Braitliwaite Bay, Socorro Island. {TaTcen with Jioolc.) C. Epinephelus sellicauda Gill. (28,213.) 7. Epinephelus sellicauda Gill. (28,237.) 8. Dermatolepis punctatus Gill. (28,214.) 9. Dermatolepis punctatus Gill. (28,223.) 10. Pimelepterus lutescens sp. nov. (Xo. 28,371, IT. S. K M.) Body oblong-elliptical, robust; the dorsal and ventral outlines mod- erately and nearly equally arched. Head bluntish ; the i)rofile evenly curved, without depression in front of the eye; the preorbital region less gibbous than in P. hosci. Mouth terminal, the lower jaw slightly the shorter, the broad maxillary reaching to opposite the front of the eye, its width about equal to that of the preorbital. Teeth in both jaws broad, rounded or subtruncate, in single rows, the horizontal roots longer than the crown, but not twice as long: about 30 teeth in each jaw. Behind the large teeth in each jaw is a band of rasp- like asperities. Gill-rakers short. Preoi)ercle with its angle rounded and membranaceous, the vertical limb straight and minutely serrulate. Cheeks with four rows of large scales, besides several series of smaller ones. Preorbital, jaws, snout, rim of eye, and rounded i>art of preopercle naked; the head othersvise closely scaly. Scales on body rather small, firm, smoothish ; those on breast smaller; fins, as usually, with the soft parts covered with small scales. Dorsal spines rather high and strong, the middle ones highest, higher than the soft rays, nearly twice the height of the last spine, and half the length of the head, 3f in greatest depth of body. Soft dorsal rather high, not at all falcate, the first rays two-fifths the length of the head. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM. Aual fill similar, shorter and biglier, the spines graduated, the longest rays more than half length of head. Caudal wide, moderately forked, the lobes equal, the longest a little longer than head; the depth of the fin. from tip to tip, about equal to greatest depth of body. Pectorals short, sligbtly longer than ventrals; as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Ventrals placed well be- hind pectoials, not reaching vent. Head 3| in length; depth 2i Dorsal rays, XI, 11; Anal, III, 11. Scales, 12-G7-22. Coloration in spirits nearly uniform light grayish, without distiuct markings; golden yellow in life, according to Lieutenant Nichols; very faint darker streaks present along the rows of scales. Preorbital, sub- orbital, and jireopercle bright silvery; lower jaw silvery; both jaws dusky at tip. Fins all pale. A very obscure darker blotch in front of base of pectoral. One specimen, about 15 inches in length, taken by Lieutenant Nichols at BraithAvaite Bay, Socorro Island. It differs from P. hosci, in form, in color, and in the greater development of nearly all the fins. 11. Cakanx melampygus Cuv. & Val. (No. 28,355 U. S. N. M.) Body oblong-ovate, compressed, the back arched, the profile not steep, the curve from snout to dorsal being a nearly regular arc ; ventral out- line nearly straight from the chin to front of anal, where an angle is formed with the ascending base of the anal. Head moderate, compressed, not blunt in profile, the occiput and inter- orbital region elevated and considerably carinated. Mouth moderate, low, oblique, the lower jaw prominent, scarcely projecting beyond upper; maxillary barely reaching to opposite the front of the small eye. Upper jaw with a band of villiform teeth, in front of which is a row of strong teeth, about ten on each side, the anterior largest, larger than in most species, but hardly canines. Lower jaw with a siugle row of rather large teeth, irregularly placed, much smaller than the larger teeth of the upper jaw; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Eye small, placed high and far back ; adipose eyelid small. Diameter of eye 2 in length of snout, 1^ in the depth of the broad preorbital, 2^ in the post-orbital part of head, and 2 in interorbital area. Cheeks and upper part of opercles with small scales ; rest of head naked. Gill- rakers long and strong, as long as eye. Scales rather small; breast closely scaled; lateral line not strongly arched, becoming straight opposite front of anal, its curved part If in length of straight part. Plates on anterior portion of straight part scarcely different from ordinary scales; those on i)osterior portion mod- erate, with high keels and appressed spines; 37 plates in all, counting from beginning of straight part. Spinous dorsal moderate, the spines slender, rather high. Procum- bent dorsal spine obsolete. Soft dorsal low, falcate in front, the longest ray little more than half the base of the fin, or 1^ in length of head. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 231 Anterior part of the fin with a distinct scaly basal sheath, which be- comes obsolete a;t about the 14th ray. Anal tin similar to soft dorsal, a little shorter and lower, its scaly sheath more developed; free anal spines moderate. Caudal fin widely forked, its lobes subeqnal, L^ in head ; distance from tip to tip more than the length of either lobe. Pectorals long and falcate, their tips reaching sixth anal ray, longer than head, and a trifle less than greatest depth of body. Ventrals short, one-third length of i^ectorals. Coloration in spirits olivaceous; dark above; pale below, but nowhere silvery ; top of head clear olivaceous ; opercular spot obsolete ; lower jaw soiled golden; no i^ectoral spot; base of pectoral somewhat dusky; small irregular dark brown spots, smaller than the pupil and irregular in size, scattered without order over the body, rather most numerous about the pectorals. Caudal fin dusky, especially on its x)osterior edge; dorsal and anal dusky, their lobes black; ventrals dusky at tip; pec- torals olivaceous. Head 3J in length (without caudal); greatest depth, 2|; pectoral, 2f; length of type, 20 inches. Fin rays: D. VIII-I, 22. A., II-I, 10. A single example of this species was taken by Lieutenant Xichols, with a hook, in Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, off the west coast of Mexico. It agrees very closely with the description and figure of Caranx mcJampygus given bj^ Giinther (Fische Sudsee ii, 133, taf. 86.) 12. Platyglossus nicholsi sp. nov. (Xo. 28,218 IT. S. K M.) A species of the ordinary type, without sharp markings of any kind. Body rather deep; the profile steep, evenly curved; the snout moder- ately pointed. Teeth strong, the posterior canines especially so. Head entirely naked ; scales on breast not much reduced. Dorsal spines very slender, flexible. Pectoral fin If in length of head, reaching as far as the slender tips of the ventrals. Caudal fin rounded, its angles not at all produced. Coloration in spirits, plain olivaceous above, sides brownish, belly paler; an obscure dusky bar across middle of sjiinous dorsal and ex- tending down the sides ; some of the scales of back with dark lines. Soft dorsal and anal fins with not very numerous small, round dark spots, especially jiosteriorly ; otherwise plain; spinous dorsal dusky. The coloration may have been bright in life, but there could never have been any sharp markings. Head U in length ; depth 3^. I). IX, 12. A. Ill, 11. Scales 2-2S-8. This species is known to us from a single example, lOJ inches long, taken by Lieutenant Nichols at Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island. It is readily distinguished from the only two members of the genus thus far discovered on the western coast of tropical Araeiica, P. dispilus Giinther, and P. seniicinctns (Ayres). It is impossible, from descrij)- tions alone, to compare it satisfactorily with the numerous West Indian 232 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and East Indian species of the genus, but, as all are local in tbeir range, ours is probably a species different from any of them. D. — San Bias, Mexico. 13. roMADASYS FURTiii (Steindachner.) J. & G. (28,225.) 14. LuTJANUS PRIETO Jor. & Gilb. (Mss.). (28,253.) 15. Centropomus pedimacula Poey. 16. Gerres axillaris Gthr. (28,255.) E. Acapulco, Mexico. 17. Epinepiielus analogus Gill. (28,2:^5.) 18. PoMADASYS LEUciscus (Gthr.) J. & G. (28,257.) 19. LUTJANUS GAXis (Bloch.) Poey. (28,254.) 20. Cy^noscion RETICULATU3I (GUuther) J. & G. (28,250.) F. — Porto Escondido, Mexico. 21. PiMELEPTERUS ANALOGUS Gill. (28,270.) This s])ecies is closely reUited to P. bosci Lac, differing in the larger scales and greater depth of the body. 22. Oaranx caballus Gthr. 23. Traciiynotus fasciatus Gill. 24. MUGIL BRASILIENSIS Ag. (28,244.) G. — SaUna Cms, Mexico. 25. Centropomus robalito Jor. & Gilb. (Mss.) (28,245.) 26. Gerres rhombeus C. & V. 27. D()r:mitator maculatus (Bloch) Gill. 28. Piiilypnus lateralis Gill. (28,252.) 29. Philypnus lateralis Gill. (28,269.) 30. Changs salmoneus (Forst.) C. & V. (28,240.) n. — La Union, San Salvador. 31. Cy''noscion SQUA3IIPINNE (Guuther) Streets. (28,260.) 32. Sci^NA ALUTA* sp. nov. (^o. 28,129 U. S. K M.) Allied to Scio'na chri/soleuca (Giinther). Form rather elongate, the back a little elevated and compressed; caudal peduncle especially long and slender. Head rather broad above the eyes, somewhat depressed, so that the anterior profile is a little con- cave, in front of which the snout is rather abruptly truncate. Inter- orbital space a little broader than the large eye, the diameter of which is about equal to the length of the snout, and contained about four times in the length of the head: Width of i)reorbital two-fifths the diameter of the eye. Preopercle strongly serrated, the three lowest serrse radi- *aXovroi, uuwixshed. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233 atin!:>-, tlie lowest and largest one turned downward and forward. Lower jaw included, considerably shorter than upper. Snout scarcely project- ing- beyond preinaxillaries. Mouth nearly horizontal; premaxillary nuK'li below the level of the eye; maxillary extending to just beyond middle of eye. Teeth in both jaws in narrow villiform bands, tlie outer teeth in the upper jaw somewhat enlarged; those in the lower jaw all small. Sides and top of head somewhat cavernous, the surface yielding to the touch. Gill-rakers shortish, rather slender, about as long as pupil. Pseudobranchiic large. Dorsal fin divided nearly to base, the spines not very high, rather flexi- ble, the longest little more than half length of head; second spine a little stouter than third, and nearly as high. Second dorsal rather low. Second anal spine strong, about half length of head, three-fourths height of the soft rays; distance from front of anal to caudal li| in length of body ; distance from vent to aual a little more than half length of si'cond anal spine. Caudal fin long, double truncate, the middle rays pro- duced, as long as from snout to edge of preopercle; caudal peduncle (from end of anal) li in head; anal,ending in advance of end of dorsal, its first spine in advance of middle of soft dorsal. Ventrals long, the second ray filamentous, reaching vent. Pectorals rather short, as long as caudal. Scales large, those on breast not much smaller. Soft parts of vertical fins scaly toward the base. Lower ])haryngeals narrow, with small, slender, pointed teeth, those of the series on the inner edge of the bone much enlarged, also very slender. Head 3?- in length to base of caudal; greatest depth, 3^. D. X-I, 18. A. II, 8. Lat. 1., 44 ; 5 scales in a vertical series from front of dorsal to lateral lines. Color light reddish brown, dingy with dark punctnlations. Ground color a light coppery shade, little silvery; each scale with many dark points and a smutty edging; the general hue the same above and below; no distinct markings. Preorbital of a soiled silvery. Fins similarly dusky, the caudal yellowish, the anal almost black. Inside of operclo dusky. This species is known to us from one specimen, 7^ inches in length, numbered 28,129 on the iN'ational Museum Register. It was collected at La Union, on the Gulf of Fonseca, in San Salvador, by Lieut H. E. Nichols. 33. MUGIL BRASILIENSIS Ag. (29.()44.) 34. aELURICnTHYS PANAMENSIS Gthr. (28,192.) Indiana Univeksity, November 5, 1881. 234 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UXITED STATES XATIOXAL MUSEUM. REPORT 0:V THE COXTEPVTS OF T^VO BOTTI^ES ©F WATEK FKOITI THE «L:I.F of ITIEXStO, FORWAK2JED BY THE SMITHSO.MAN IXSTITj;TflO:V.* By DK. W. G. FARI.O\l^ When received in Cambritlfje, May 14, 1881, the water of both bottles gave out an excessively disagreeable od«>r of putrefying organic matter, and ammonia was given otf in considerable quantities, as was shown by holding a rod moistened with hydrochloric acid over the mouths of the bottles. In one bottle there was a greenish-colored, slimy dei)osit an inch deep, and the water above was clear. In the second bottle the water was turbid throughout and of rather a brownish color. The microscopic examinations showed that the contents of the two bottles were alike. The greater portion of the matter contained in the water (consisted of a mass of amor})lious slime, in which were numerous crystals, apparently of a fatty nature. There were, besides, a large quantity of eggs of some animal, which were easily recognized, although partially decomposed, and the remains of small Crustacea. In addition to the animal substances mentioned were remains of plant tissues, leaves and young stems, pine pollen, and diatoms of four or five different species. From what has been said, it is evident tbat the slime in the water must have been at some time not far from the land, or else that the bot- tles used, or the water after it had been collected, must have been ex- posed to the air for some time. It is my opinion that the trouble is not caused by the presence of any vegetable substance, but that the presence of the latter is accidental. The slimy mass probably originated from a mass of eggs which, for some reason or other, were killed near the surface of the water, and the smaller crustaceans in the neighborhood have been involved in the gen- eral mass of slime. BEMAIIVS OF THE ^^At,RUS [?) IN MAIIVE. By C. II. BOYD. Addison Point, Washington County, Maine, October 8, 1881. Dear Sir : I have the honor to make the following statement of finding the partly fossilized bones of a walrus (?), in expectation that it may possibly prove of interest in connection with investigations of the Smithsonian, as tending to show the range of the walrus thus far south, or that this climate was more Arctic in time past. *This water was collected where the fish mortality, referred to in preceding pages, was the greatest. » PKOCEEDlNGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235 Yesterday, hearing that the bones of a large animal were washing out oi" a clay bank at Reef Point, on the eastern side of the Pleasant Itiver, 3 miles below this village, I visited the spot to see some of the remains in situ. I then dug out several pieces of rib and a forearm. Tlie Point, which is in cultivation, is 15 feet above high water, and has been washing away for many years. Mr. Oliver Look, the owner of the property, informs me that it has washed off 100 feet within the last sixty years. lie also showed me a tusk with a portion of the socket attached, which he dug put here a few days since, and from which 1 juilge the remains to be those of a walrus. I inclose a rough sketch and also a small piece of scale from the tusk that Ciime oiF in my hand while making the sketch. These bones are in stiff blue clay about 2 feet above high water in a nearly vertical bank, there being feet of the clay above them and aboA^e that some feet of gravel and soil. ]Sreail3- opposite, on the west side of the bay, I found a kitchen mid- den, now covered with a growth of hard wood. From it I obtained, by digging, three pieces of chipped flint and a bear's tooth. The exact location of both these "tinds" can be obtained, if desired, from our topographical sheet now in progress, by apjilication to Profes- sor Hilgard, assistant in charge of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. H. BOYD, Assistant, C. and G. Survey. Prof. Spencer F. Baied, Secyetary Smithsonian Institution. DIKJEtTIONS FOR COtiliECTIIVG AN» PRESERTINO FISH. By TARL.ETO]\ II. BEAN. 1 "Wash the fish thoroughly in water, to remove the slime and dirt that are almost invariably present upon them, not omitting the inside of the month and the gills. In cleansing fish that have a tough, scale- less skin, or such as have the scales firmly fixed, use a stiff paint lirush or a scrubbing brush; for thin-skinned fish and such as have deciduous scales, a softer brush must be taken. Some fish are covered plentifully ^^ith tenacious mucus that is with great difficulty removed by water alone; in such cases a solution of two tablespoonfuls of alum in a pint of lukewarm water will be found efficacious. 2. It is often necessary to preserve fish that are stale, or partially digested, and offensive to the smell. Such examples may be thorouglily disinfected by the use of the disinfecting solution of chloride of soda. Use a tablespoonful of the solution in one pint of water. With this wash the gills, and pour it into the mouth and stomach, allowing it to return by the mouth. 236 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ^ 3. Iiiject alcoliol in the mouth and the vent, to preserve the viscera. Make small incisions in the belly and in thick parts of the body, to allow the alcohol to penetrate the tissues. It is nearly always desirable to remove the liver, stomach, and intestines from hirge lish, and to pre- serve these separately, numbering them so as to correspond with the fish from which they are taken. 4. It is a good plan to keep freshly collected fishes in weak alcohol for a day or two; a mixture of two parts of 95 per cent, alcohol to one of water will answer for this temporary immersion. Some species are exceedingly soft and llabby, falling to the bottom of a glass jar or other receptacle, becoming partly imbedded in their own mucus, and rapidly disintegrating in consequence. Such specimens should either be sus- pended in the alcohol by a thread or string from the neck of the jar or the hook sometimes found on the inside of the stopple, or a bed of excel- sior or muslin should raise them from the bottom 5 these are necessary X)recautions which will prevent many losses. After the fish haA^e been kept for not more than two days in the weak alcohol, transfer them to a mixture of three parts of 95 per cent, alcohol to one of water. Ordi- narily this latter will preserve specimens that are not crowded too much at least three months; some, of course, will remain in good condition still longer; but, generally, three months will reduce the preservative power of the liquid so far as to make a renewal of alcohol necessary. The tendency with many collectors is to overcrowd specimens, and, as a result, museums frequently receive a lot of half-rotten material which is too valuable to be thrown away and is yet always a source of trouble and disnpjiointment. Ajar, tank, or case of any kind should never be expected to accommodate more than half its own bulk of flsli, and even this proportion will require watchfulness to avoid loss If a collection freshly caught is to be shipped to a distant museum or private collec- tion, observe the directions about cleansing the fish and preserving the viscera separately if needful, and then use nothing weaker than a mix- ture containing three parts of 95 per cent, alcohol and one part of water. A good mixture which will carry fish in very nice condition is the following: 95 percent, (or absolute) a'cohol, 3 quarts; water, 1 quart; glycerine, 1 pint; borax, 1 ounce. There is nothing better, however, than the mixture of three parts of alcohol and one of water. 5. The extensive collections of the United States Fish Commission are usually i^acked in copper tanks, which are tin-lined within. The lid of the tank is made to screw in the top and its diameter is always as great as the dimensions of the top will allow. The tanks (called Agassiz tanks) are made to contain 4, 8, or 16 gallons. Strong chests, of a size large enough to accommodate a 16-gallon tank, are used for shipping; the hinges and hasps of these chests are riveted on; handles are screwed on at the sides, and each chest is furnished with a strong- lock. The chest may contain one IG-gallon tank, or two of 8 gallons, or four of 4 gallons, or one of 8 gallons and two of 4 gallons, as may best PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES XATIOXAL MUSEUM. 237 suit the convenience of tlie collector. When several taiilcs make up the complement it is usual to sei)arate tliem by thin wooden partitions. Cases made of ordinary tinned sheet-iron are much more generally used tluni the expensive copjier cans, and they will answer well enou.uh if the joints are i>erfectly tight and the top is securely soldered on. Oak kegs, holding about 10 gallons each and provided with iron hoops, are capital containers for large fishes, and they will stand the wear and tor of railway travel better than most other receptacles. Glass preserving-jars maybe shipped long distances with comparative safety, but they must be tested, by inverting them, to insure tightness ; the toj) of the jar and the rubber band should be wii)ed dr\'; wrap the jars iii strong paper and pack them in some material that will prevent breakage. When corked bottles are used, tie a piece of bladder securely over the cork. Where seals and sea lions occur, the throat, as pre])ared bj- the Aleuts for example, will be found an excellent covering*. It is necessary to wet the membrane to make it pliable. Whenever jars, bottles, or anj' other small containers are filled with fish which are not provided with tin tags, write plainly with a lead-pencil on heavy manila or writing- paper the name of the place where the fish, were taken, the date of cap- ture, and the name of the collector. Put a label of this kind inside of each bottle; it will remain legible for years. G. Each specimen should be provided with a numbered tin tag, which is to be fastened, whenever possible, by means of a string passed through the right gill-oi^ening and out at the mouth. When the string mnst be tied around the body or tail of the fish it should be fixed securely and yet with out injuring any of the fins. A catalogue is to be kept by the col- lector, in which the numbers corresponding with those on the tags must be entered, with notes as to place, time, and mode of capture, and other particulars which will be more fullj' mentioned further on. Wrap each fish separately in common coarse muslin (the coarser the better), and tie the ends securely. Do not tie the string so tightlj' around the body of the fish as to make furrows and wrinkles in the skin. If tin tags are not at hand, a label written firmly on stout paper with a lead-pencil should be wrapped inside of the covering of the fish. It is necessary always to fill the receptacle in which specimens are packed—a bottle or jar may be either filled with alcohol or the specimens may be wrapped in muslin. It is not a good ])lan to put tow, excelsior, or cotton-wool on top of fish, as it presses them close together and prevents the free circulation of alcohol between them. For long journeys it is desirable to secure better iirotection than the muslin wrapping alone affords. This may be gained by placing beds of excelsior or thin wood shavings be- tween the layers of fish and at the bottom and top of the case. A plainly-written card i)la(;ed at the top of the box, so as to be seen when the lid is removed, telling its contents and by whom it was sent, will save much trouble when the collection is to be unpacked. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7. Notes of color, taken from the fresh specimens, should be sent with them if the fish are to be described in the museum. The collector should also preserve in his own books a record of life-colors under the catalogue numbers corresponding with the tin tags fastened on his fish. He can theu obtain the identification of hissjjecies by their numbers and publish his studies upon them at his own pleasure. 8. Local uames of fish should always accompany the specimens when obtainable. 9. It is desirable to know whether or not the species is abundant j whether different sizes of the same fish are found; whether they asso- ciate in schools or not ; whether they are permanent residents or migra- tory; if migratory, by what routes they come and go; whether they form an imi)ortant article of food; what they feed upon and what species prey upon them; the depth and character of the bottom on which they occur; the mode of capturing tbem; the uses made of them and the various products which they go to form, in short, everything bearing upon the life history or the economic ai)i)lications of the species should be noted in detail. 10. Before washing the fish look them over for external parasites; examine the gills and the inside of the mouth carefully, as these are fa- vorite situations. These i)arasites often furnish a clue to the migrations of the fish; remove them if they can be taken off entire, if not, let them remain, and call attention to their iiresence in your shipping notes. Preserve the i)arasites in vials or bottles, and provide them with labels stating from what fish they came and in what situation they were found. To preserve fish indefinitely in glass jars, observe the following direc- tions: first, select ajar of the proper size to accommodate the specimen am})ly, without bending or distorting it in any way; put in the fish with the tail down in nearly all cases; the tail may often rest upon the bottom of the jar, or the fish may be suspended from the hook which is now found in the stopple of the modern museum jars; cover the fish com- pletely with the alcoholic mixture referred to in the closing sentence of l>aragraph 4; discoloration of the alcohol is a sign that its preservative power is weakened and calls for a renewal ; fishes in alcohol will never make a good show unless the liquid is kept clear and clean. A label giving the name of the fish, jdace of its capture, and name of its captor, should be tied on the neck of the jar by means of a piece of narrow tape passed through holes punched in the ends of the pai)er. The jars must have accurately ground glass stopples. It is best to use no kind of sealing wax to coat the joint of the stopple; simply wipe the glass per- fectly dry, close the jar properly, and there will be little danger of evaporation. Do not let the direct sunlight strike your jars, and keep them well removed from stoves, registers, and the like. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239 A PKEILIMIIVARV CATArOOrE OF THE FISHES OF AffiASKAN AND ADJACEIVT ^VATEKfS. By TARLETOIV If. BEAIV. Tbe following- is a list of the fishes of Alaska wliicli have been recorded in the principal works relating to the snbject. One hundred and sixteen species are named, all of which are in the collection of the United States National Museum except Pleuronectes FranMimi, Murwnoides clolichogas- ter, Scbastichthi/s ruber (represented by numerous examples from Cali- fornia and Puget Sound), Psi/chrolutes paradoxus^ Esox lucius, Spratel- loides hryoporiis, and Raia hatis of Pallas. The catalogue is, therefore, practically a record of what the Museum has from the Territory. The numbers preceding the localities of the species refer to the Museum reg- ister of fishes. The earlier collections here mentioned were made principallyby Messrs. Bannister, Bischoft", Dall, Elliott, Kennicott, and Turner. More recent contributions have been received from Commander L. A. Beardslee, U. S. N., at Sitka, Capt. C. L. Hooper, United States Revenue IVIarine, in the Arctic, and Mr. William J. Fisher, United States Coast Survey ob- server, at Kodiak. As will be seen by referring to the list, very large additions were made during the summer of 1880 by Mr. William H. Dall, commanding the United States Coast Survey schooner Yukon, his assistants, and the writer. The species named are almost wholly shore species, or such as are found in comparatively shallow water; the deep-water fishes of Alaska are still undiscovered, instruments of deei)-sea research, except the dredge, not having been employed there. In the appendix will be found the names of 90 species which have been recorded from waters adjacent to Alaska, many of which will doubtless be found within the limits of the Territory. For the sake of convenience, the numbers iireceding the names of fishes in the faunal tables are the same as in the catalogue. It is my intention to i)repare a detailed account of the fishes here recordetl, and it is expected that at least the new species will be repre- sented by illustrations. GASTEROSTEID^. 1. Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pall.) Tilesius. Kamtchatka (Pallas); San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 20489. Sitka. J. A. Fitzgerald. 28053. Port Mulgrave, Yakntat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28077. Refuge Cove, Cook'a Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27994. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July I, 1880. Dall & Bean. 240 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 28069. Chugacbik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 2, 1880. T. II. Bean. 280G8. $ St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23989. Sanborn Harbor, Uuga Island, Shumagins. W. II. Dall. 28074. Uuga Island, Shumagins, July 18, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 28026. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 28094. Little Koniushi Island, Shumagius, July 16, 1880, W. H. Dall. 2798r). Iliuliuk, Uualashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23987. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 239.53. Arachitka. W. H. Dall. 24068 (1039). Amchitka, July, 1873. W. H. Dall. 23968. Kyska Harbor. W. H. Dall. 23988. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, 1872. H. W. Elliott. 27998. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, August 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 6757. Near Bering Island. H. M. Bannister. 2. Gasterosteus microcephalus Girard. Talare County, California (Cooper) ; San Pedro, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 28090. Piseco Lake, Sitka, May 31, 1880. T. H. Bean. 2801(j. St. Paul, Kodiak (fresh-water lake), July 13, 1880. Baker & Beau. 24058 (1150). Chirikoff Island, June, 1874. W. H. Dall. 280S4. Iliuliuk Lake, Uualashka, August 1, 1880. Sylvauus Bailey. 3. Gasterosteus pungitius L. subsp. brachypoda, Bean. 28017. St. Paul, Kodiak (fresh-water lake), July 13, 1880. Baker & Bean. 28076. Unga Ishiud, Shumagins, July 18, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 28085. Iliuliuk Lake (fresh water), Unalashka, August 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 24015. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. H. W. Elliott. 6666. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 6671. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 23997. St. Michael's, 1876. L. M. Turner. 27530. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27590. Elephant Point, Eschscholtz Bay, September 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27587. Near Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean, August 25, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23977- Alaska, 1879. Dr. Robert White. AFLORHY:N^CHIDiE . 4. Aulorhynchus flavidiis Gill. Monterey Bay, California (Jordan & Gilbert); San Francisco (Peters, Ayres fide Gill); Puget Sound (Steind., Jor. & Gilb.). s 27510. Sitka, Juno 2, 1880. Dall &, Bean. PLEUEONECTID^. 5. Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas. San Luis Obispo, Monterey, and San Francisco (Jordan & Gilbert) ; Columbia Eiver and Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.) ; Coppermine R. (Rich); Anderson R. (Baird); Plov^er Bay (Bean); De Castries Bay (Steind.). 28020 (Young). Sitka, June 8, 1830. Dall & Bean. 28012. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Beunr 27600. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. E, P. Herendeen. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 241 27985 (Young). Chiigacliik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. E. P. Herendeen, 27622. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27684. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher. 19708 (1070). Iliuliuk, Uualaslika, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall. 19709 (1071). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall. 27640. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27641. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 21.518. St. Michael's, May 30, 1877. L. M. Turner. 27693. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27696. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 6. Pleiaronectes glacialis Pallas. /'. glacialis Pall., Itin. vol. iii, p. 706—River Obi. ? P. cicatricosus Pall., Zoog. Ross.-Asiat. iii, 424—''mari inter Camtschatcam et Araericam." 27947. Kotzebue Sound, September 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27700. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 7. Pleuronectea Franklinii Giiuther. Arctic Seas of America (Giintlier). Perliajis identical with P. glacialis Pallas. 8. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas. Sea between Kamtchatka and America (Pallas). 28025. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 9. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres) Gill. Monterey Bay and San l^ancisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27603. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean. «» 28021. Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27940. Sitka, June 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27941. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 28013. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, Juno 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27601. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 27942. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27602. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 18S0. Dall & Bean. 27621. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27673. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 23, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27674. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 24, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27685. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 23, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27686. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 28041. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27644. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. E. P. Herendeen.. 27943. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24018 (Young). Popoff Straits, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 27642. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27639. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 27647. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28003. Nateekin Bay, Unalashka, Octobei 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24009 (Youug). Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 24019. Unatashka. W. H. Dall. 24048. Unalashka. W. H. DaU. Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 16 Bee. S4, 1 8 8 1 .. 242 rr.ocEEDiNGS of united states national museum 24053. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 24097 (1062). Nazau Bay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24100 (98r>). Chichagoir Harbor, Attu, Juue 20, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24103 (1103). St. Taul Island, July 24, 1874. W. H. Dall. 10. Limanda aspera (Pallas) Bean. Pleuronectes usper Pall., Zoog. Ross. -As., iii, 425. Oceano orientali (Pall.); De Castries Bay (Steind. & Kner). 27944. Sitka, Juue 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27945. Sitka, Juue 9, 18H0. Sylvanus Bailey. '27591 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. W. H. Dall. 27678, St. Paul, Kodiak. William J. Fisher. 27631 2 . Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27632 9 . Humboldt Harbor, Shuniagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27.527 (Juv.). Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27550 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27593 (Juv.). Indian Point, Siberia, August 15, 1880. W. H. Dall. 11. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert. Paget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27937. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27938. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27939. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23970 (Juv.). Alaska. W. H. Dall. ? 24020 (Juv.). St. Michael's. VV. H. Dall. 12. Hippoglossus vulgaris Fleming, Sea between Kanitchatka and America (Pallas, as Pleuronectes Mp}}0- fflossus)', San Francisco and Paget Soand (Jordan & Gilbert); Sitka :(Bean). 276.52. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27670. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Beau. * 27707. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27706. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 2, 1880. H. W. McDonald. 27708. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 27604. Off Marmot Island, near Kodiak, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27605. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 22466(1098). Unalashka. W.H.Dall. 22467. St. Michael's, 1876. L. M. Turner. 13. Atheresthes stomias Jordan & Gilbert. San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.). 24096 (1140) (Juv.). Port Etches, 12-18 fms.. May, 1874. W. H. Dall. 27677. Off Afognak Island, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27683. Off Afognak Island, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27936. Off Popoff Island, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. T. H. Bean. GADID.g^. 14. PoUachius chalcogrammus (Pallas) Jordan & Gilbert. Monterey Bay, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Paget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.); Okhotsk and Kamtcbatka Seas (Pallas, as Gadiis chalcogrammus). 27989. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. ?28081 (Juv.). Eefuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 243 27637. Pirate Cove, Shumagins, July 19, 18d0. W. H. Dall. 27741. Pirate Cove, Sbumagins, July 19, 1880. W. H. Dall. 27742. Pirate Cove, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 19710. Humboldt Harbor, Sbumagins. W. H. Dall. 23972. Lat. 52° 32'(?) N., Ion. 1(34^ 20' W., September, 18G5. George Davidson. 27918 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27958 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, July 31, 1880. Dall Sc Bean. 27957 (Juv.). Cbemoffsky, Unalasbka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Beau. 15. Boreogadus saida (Lepctb.) Beau. 1 Gadus pugmcKus Pallas, Zoog. Ross.-As., iii. Oft" Mount St. Ellas. 21525. St. Micbael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 2152G. St. Micbael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 24031. St. Micbael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 24070 (105G). Alaska. L. M. Turner. ? 28096 (Juv.). Lat. 66° 45' N., Ion. 166^ 35' W., August 19, 1880. Herendeen& Bean 27570 (Juv.). Cape Lislnirue, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27542. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27549. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27576. Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 28005. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 16. Gadus morrhua Linuicus. Puget SouDcl (Jordan & Gilbert); Cook's Inlet (Bean); between Kamtchatka and America (Pallas, Zoog., 181); De Castries Bay (Stein- dachner, as G. macrocepJialus). 27654. Sitka, May 30, 1880. DaU & Bean. 27746. Old Sitka, June 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27606. Old Sitka, June 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27655. Off Marmot Island, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27656. Off Marmot Island, July 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27973. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Beau. 24109 (924) (Juv. ). Popoff Strait, July 5, 1872. Capt. W. G. HaU. 27589 (Juv.). Belkofisky, July 23, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 24032. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 24035. Unalasbka. W. II. Dall. 24040 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 28043 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27956 (Juv.). Cbemoffsky, Unalasbka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28007 (Juv.). Cbemoffsky, Unalasbka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28072 (Juv.). Cbemoffsky, Unalasbka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 24029. St. Paul Island, 9 fatboms. W. H. Dall. 17. Microgadus proximus (Girard) Gill. Monterey and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound ( Jor. & Gilb.). * 27982. Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 28059 (Juv.). Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Beau. 18. Tilesia gracilis (Tiles.) Swaiuson. (radus gracilis Tiles; C waclina Palla.s. 27931. Port Cbatbam, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall &, Bean. 27932. St. Paul, Kodiak, July, 1880. DaU & Bean. 244 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27909. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Win. J, Fisher. 9286. St. Micliael's. H. M. Baunister. 27950. Port Clarence, September, 1880. Dall & Bean. 19. Lota maculosa (LeS.)Ricli. 9607. Nulato, Yukon River. R. Kennicott ? 10102 (647). Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall. LYCODID^. 20. Gymnelis viridis (Fabr.) Reinliardt. 23956. Coal Harbor, Sbumagius. W. H. Dall. 23969. St. Micliaers, October 10, 1876. L. M, Turner. 26623. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27538 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. ?24001, Unalaslika. W. H. Dall. 21. Lycodes Turnerii Bean. 21529 (Type). St. Michael's, March 28, 1876. L. M. Turner. 27659 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13,1880. Dall &. Bean. 22. Lycodes coccineus Bean. 27748 (Type). Big Diomede Island, September 10, 1880. T. H. Bean. STICHJ^ID^. 23. Stichaeus punctatus (Fabr.) Reiuhardt. 26622. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27581. St. Paiil, Kodiak, June 10, 1880. W. IT. Dall. 21718. St. Michael's, June, 29, 1874. L. M. Turner. 24012. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 24. Stichaeus (?) Rothiockii Boau. This may represent a distinct genus—see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,, vol. iv, p. 147. 27573 (O'ypcs). Cape Lisburne, 18S0. Dall & Bean. 27.565 (Types). Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27580 (Types). Plover Bay, Siberia, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 25. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas) Girard. San Francisco to Bellinghain Bay (Cooper); Bellingham Bay (Suck- ley); Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Kamtcliatka, Aleutians, and mainland of Alaska (Pallas). 27951. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28057. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall &, Bean. 27988. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24077 (1211). Port Levasheff, Unalashka, September 18, 1874. W. H. Dall. 27525. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean, 28009. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 27554 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27544, Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27.575. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E. P. Herendeen, 26621, Plover Bay, Siberia, September 15, 1880, Dall & Bean. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245 XIPHISTERIDJE. 26. Xiphister rupestris Jorclau & Gilbert. Monterey Bay, California (Jor. & Gilb.) ; Puget Sound (Jor, & Gilb.). 7813. Vancouver Islaud. S. W. Hewson. * !:>7502. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27508. Sitka, May 30, 1880. Sylvauns Bailey. 24017. Alaska. W. H. Dall. 27. Xiphister cliirus Jordan & Gilbert, Monterey Bay and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 23958. Adakb. W. H. Dall. 23964. Amcbitka. W. H. Dall. 28. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz) Gill. Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert, as A. alectrolophus)] Vancouver Island and Eraser's Eiver (Giintlier, as A. crista-galli). 27501. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27509. Sitka, June 1, 1880. T. H. Bean. 28054. Port Mulgrave, June 24, 1880. T. H. Bean. 24014. Kodiak. Jno. C. Tidball. 24064 (1146). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker. 24098 (1147), Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker. 28034. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 28088. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 23948. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 239.55. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 24005. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 23980. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 23991. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 24078 (953). Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins, July, 1872. Capt. W. G. Hall. 24086. Popoff Straits, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 27584. Iliuliuk, Uualashka, July 28, 1880. S. Bailey. 23994. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 24084 (1187). Uualashka. W. H. Dall. 24080 (1060). Nazan B.ay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. H. Dall. 23949. Amchitka. W. H.Dall. 23963. Amchitka. W. H. Dall. 24071 (1025). Kyska Harbor, July, 1873. AY. H. Dall. 24057. Port Etches. W. H. Dall. 6758. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 22018. St. Michael's, October 10, 1876. L. M. Turner. 23979. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner. 29. Muraenoides dolichogaster (Pallas) Gill. Kamtchatka (Pallas) j De Castries Bay (Steind. & Kner); Aleutian Islands (Pallas). 30. Muraenoides ornatiis (Girard) Gill. Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 24117. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27503. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 24G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27517. Sitka (Indiau River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27996. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27532. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24117. Sitka. W. II. Dall. 28035. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 2405(i Port Etches. W. H. Dall. 27568. Cliugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28078. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23992. Kodiak. W. G. W. Harford. 24102 (1147) (Juv.). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker. 28062. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. W. H. Dall. 23946. Coal Harbor. SUumagins. W. H. Dall. 24105 (928) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Sbumagins, July 3, 1872. W.G.Hall. 23981. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 27585. Belkoffsky, Aliaska Peninsula, July 23, 1880. W. H. Dall. 27521. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27962. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka. Dall & Bean. 27916. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, August 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28044. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23993. Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 24002. Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 23975. Atka. W. H. Dall. 23957. Adakb. W. H. Dall. 23950. Amcbitka. W. H. Dall. 23960. Amcbitka. W. H. Dall. 24173. Attn, June 23, 1879. Dr. Robert White. 24006. Port Moller. W. H. Dall. 31. Mursenoides maxillaris Bean. 23999. (Type) St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott. ANAERHICHADID^ . 32. Anarrhichas leptnrns Bean. 21509 (Type). St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21510 (Type). St. Michael's, June 24, 1876. L, M. Turner. ( ) Collection of Alaska Commercial Company, San Francisco. TRACHINIDJ3. 33. Bathymaster signatus Cope. Washiugton Territory (Bean); Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 24036. Sitka, October 5, 1861. W. G. W. Harford. 27924. Sitka, June 7, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27925. Sitka, 1880. L. A. Beardslee. 27970. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 23954. Coal Harbor, Sbumagins, W. H, Dall. 24004. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 27646. Off Popoff Island., Sbumagins, July 19, 1880. E. P. Hereudeen. 27645. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23976. Unalasbka. W. H. DalL 24003. Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 24016. UnaLisbka. W. H. Dall. 24092. Unalasbka. W. H, Dall. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 247 TRlCHODONTIDJi:. 34. Trichodon Stelleri C. & V. •2:?947. Coal Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 279d0. Humboldt Harbor, Uiiga Island, Shumagins, July 21, 1880. Marcus Baker. 2:3933. Uuulasbka. W. H. Dall. 24054. Unalasbk;). AV. H. Dall. 24033 (1184). Uualasbka, September 1, 1874. W. H. Dall. 24050 (1168). Cape Etolin, Nuuivak Island, July, 1874. W. H. Dall. CYCLOPTERID^. 35. Eumicrotremus spinosus (Fabr.) Gill. Cydopteriis orbis Giinther (Esquiraault Harbor). 27505. IliuHuk, Unalasbka (from stomach of Alepidosaurna /crox), October, 1880. T. H. Bean. • 27506. Iliulink, Unalasbka (from stomach of Alepidosaurus ferox), October, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27507. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka (froni stomach of Alepidosaurus fcrox), October, 1880. T. H. Bean. . St. Paul Island, August, 1868. W. H. Dall. 27548. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. LIPAKIDID^. 36. LiparJs pulchellus Ayros. Monterey and Sau Fraucisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert). ? 28091. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27917. Iliuliuk, Unalasbka, August 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 37. Liparis calliodon (Pallas) Guuthcr. Kamtchatka and Aleutian Islands (Pallas). ?24063 (1137). Port Etches, May, 1874. W. H. Dall. •27586. Belkoflsky, Aliaska Peninsula, July 23, 1880. W. H. Dall. 23990. Sanboru Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. ? 28037 (Juv.). Nateekin Bay, Uualasbka, October 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 23966. Adakb. W. 11. Dall. 24091 (105.^^. Bay of Islands, Adakb, August, 1873. W. H. DaU. ?23951. Amcbitka. W. II. Dall. ?23962. Amcbiika. W.H. Dall. ?24065 (lO.W). Amcbitka, July, 1873. W. H. Dall. ?23978. Sr. Michael's. L.M. Turner. 27546. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Boa.n. 27536. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. 38. Liparis cyclopus Giinther. Esquimault Uarbor (Giinth.). 24046. Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 24047. Port Moller. W. H. Dall. 39. Liparis gibbus Bean. 24010. Captain's Bay, Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 24047 (Type). St. Paul Islmd, 1872. H. W. Elliott. 27545 (Type). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27535 (Type). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bi^an. 26625(Type(. Oil' Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, August 15, 1850. Dall & Bean. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. AGONID^. 40. Siphagonus barbatus Steindachner. Hakodadi and Nagasaki, Japan (Steiud.) ; "Eismeer, zunachst der Behringsstrasse " (Steind.). 28052. Port Mulgrave, Yakntat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 14932. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 27529. Port Clarence, September G, 1880. Dall & Bean. 41. Podothecus acipenserinus (Pallas) Gill. Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Vancouver Island, Gulf of Geor- gia (Giinther); Unalashka (Pallas). 17125. Port Townsend, Washington Territory, April 6, 1877. J. G. Swan. 7310. Vancouver Island. « A. W. Hewson. ?27583 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak. W. H. Dall. 24011 (Juv.). Uualashka. W. H. Dall. ? 27574 (Juv.). Cajje Lisburiic, Artie O., August 21, 1880 (no barbels). Dall & Bean. ' 10134. Alaska, 42. Podothecus trispinosus (Lockingtou) Jordan & Gilbert. Santa Barbara and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.). 24060. Sitka. W. H. Dall. COTTID^. 43. Cottus taemopterus Kuer. Wien. Sitzb. Iviii; 1 Abth., 310, taf. 4, fig. 10. ? 24062 (Juv.). Hagmeister. W. H. Dall. 21522. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner. 21523. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner. 28004. Point Belcher, Arctic O., August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 27559 (Juv.). Head of Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 44. Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas. Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Off Mount St. Elias (Pallas). 27661. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27512 (Juv.). Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27607. Sitka, June 6, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27665. Port Mulgrave, Yakntat Bay, June 24, 18S0. Dall & Bean. 27997. Port Mulgrave, Yakntat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall &. Bean. 28039. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27625. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880 (head). B. G. Mclntyre. 28063. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. W. H. Dall. 27986. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 24, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 29033. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher. 27623. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagius, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27624. Pirate Cove, Popoff Island, Shumagius, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28031. Popoff Island, Shumagius, July 20, 1880. Dall & Bean. 19698 (1078). Iliuliuk, Uualashka, September 3. 1873. W. H. Dall. 19699 (1079). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, September 3, 1873. W. H. Dall. 27520. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall &rBean. 27643 Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249 27964. Uinliiik, Unalaslik.a, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27638. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, October 15, 1880. Dall & Benn. 27671. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, October 15, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27946. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23499. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 24075 (1215) (Juv.). Unalashka, 60 fnis., September 18, 1874. W. H. Dall. 28008. Cheruoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27955. Cheruoffsky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. . 24099 (1062). Nazau Bay, Atka, August 19, 1873. W. 11. Dall. 23965. Amchitka. W. H. Dall. , ?23935(Juv.). Port Moller. W. H. Dall. ?27571(Juv.). Capo Lisburne, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean. ?27543 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23944. (Juv.) Alaska. W. H. Dall. ' 45. Cottus niger Bean. 23937. Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins. W. H. Dall. 23928. St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott. 23929. St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott. 27952 (Types). St. Paul Island, August 6, 1880. John Armstrong. 27971 (Types). St. Paul Island, August 6, 1880. John Armstrong. 46. Cottus hiimilis Bean. 21519. St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21520. St. Michael's, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21521. St. Michael's, June 11, 1875. L. M. Turner. 27972 (Type). Chamis^so Island, Eschscholtz Bay, August 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27553 (Juv.) . Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 24013 (Juv.). Alaska. 47. Aspidocottus bison Girard. San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 27983. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 29038 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher. 48. Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas) Gill. 23932 (1108). Sitka, 15 fms. gn. md., May, 1874. W. H. Dall. 49. Uranidea microstoina Lockington. 27516. Indian River, Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27534. Indian River, Sitka, June 11, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. ? 23927. Sitka. W. II. Dall. 26922 (Typ&). Kodiak. W. N. Lockington. 28071. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27596. Aleutian Islands. A. Greenebaum. 28083. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, August 1, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 50. Gymuacanthus pistilliger (Pallas) Gill. Kamtcliatka and Unatasbka (Pallas). 24089 (1014 & 1015). Kyska Harbor, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall. ? 27592 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27.i60 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Be.nn. 26626. Off Cape Tchaplin, Siberia, August 15, 1680. \V. H. Dall. 250 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51. Gymnacanthus galeatus Bean. 28097 (Types). Iliuliuk, Unalashk.i, July 30, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 27595 (Jiiv.). Oft' Cape Sabiuc, Arctic Ocean, August 24, 1880, Dall & Bean. 52. Artediiis notospilotus Giiard. Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gjlb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 23936. Sanborn Harbor, Shninagins. W. H. Dall. 23934. Unalashka. W. II. Dall. 23938. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. , 53. Hemilepidotvis trachurus (Pallas) Giinther. San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert, as H. Gibhsii). 27609. Sitka, May 28, ISwO. Dall & Bean. 27610. Sitka, May 29, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27750. Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27511 (Juv.). Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27901. Sitka, 1880. L. A. Beardslee. 27664. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24104 ( 1140) (Juv.). Port Etches, 12 to 18 fnas.. May, 1874. W. H. DalT. 27608. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 5, 1880. Dall& Bean. ?24094 (Juv.). Popoff- Strait. W. H. Dall. 24107 (9-25) (Juv.). Popofi" Strait, Shumagins, July 3, 1872. W. II. Dall. ?2406G (931) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Shumagins, July, 1872. W. G. Hall. ?24090 (9.34) (Juv.). Coal Harbor, Shumagins, July, 1872. W. G. Hall. 23939 (Juv.). Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 23940 (1185) (Juv.). Unalashka, 9 to 16 fms., September 1, 1874. W. II. DaU. 24108 (1013) (Juv.). Kyska, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24101 (1014) (Juv.). Kyska. W. H. Dall. ?2407U (1019) (Juv.). Kyska, July 7, 1873. W. H. Dall. ?24072 (1026) (Juv.). Kyska, July, 1873. W. II. Dall. 24095 (1036) (Juv.). Kyska, 10 fms. in Pass, July, 1873. W. H. Dall. ?24076 (1062) (Juv.). Nazan Bay, Atka, Aug. 19, 1873. W. H. Dall. ?24059 (1054) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakh, August, 1873. W. H. Dall. ?24085 (1040) (Juv.). Amohitka, July 26, 1873. ?24082 (985) (Juv.). Chichagojff Harbor, Attu, June 20, 1873. W. H. Dall. 54. Hemilepidotus Jordan! Bean. Cottus trachurus Pallas (part), referred to in the following sentence: "7% majori spechnine color supra fuscus, suhtus pallidoalbns, itmnaciilatus.^^ 27658. Port Althorp, June 20, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27659. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall ifc Bean. 27660. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27611. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880. Dall & Beau. 29036. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher. 27612. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27613. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall & Beajj. 27614. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 18S0. Dall & Bean. 27615. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 17, 1880. Dall &. Bean. 27634. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27598 (Type). Iliuliuk, Uualashka, July 30, 1880. Sylvanus Bailey. 28033 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27633. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 15, 1880. D.all & Bean. 23943. Iliuliuk, Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 27749. Chernoftsky, Uualashka, Octol)er 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27539 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251 55. Melletes papilio Bean. 2;?751 (Type). St. Paul Island, 1872. H. W. Elliott. 56. Leptocottus armatus Girard. San Diego, San Pedro, Santa Barbara, San Luis 01)ispo, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jordan & Gilbert); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 6754. Sitka. F. Bisclioft". 2:J931. Sitka (very bad state). C. S. Bulkley. 27968. Sitka, May 31 to June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27976. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 29037. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher, 57. Oligocottus maculosus Girard. San Luis Obispo, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 7815. Vancouver Island. A. W. Hewsou. 15029. Victbria. Dall & Brown. 6755. Sitka. F. Bischoff. 7322. Sitka, August 18. W. H. Dall. 27504. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27514. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27531. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27515. Sitka (Indian River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28093. Alexandrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. Dall & Bean. 58. Oligocottus globiceps Girard. Monterey Bay and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 6751. Sitka. F. Biscboff. 24083 (1147). Chagafka Cove, Kodiak, June, 1874. M. Baker. 23959. Adakb. W. H. Dall. 23952. Amcbitka. W. H. Dall. 59. Triglops pingelii Reinbardt. Oft' Point Bingbam, Jacobi Island, Gulf of Alaska (Bean). 27541. Plover Bay, Siberia, September 14, 1880. Dall & Bean. 60. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Giintber. San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 24114. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 28051. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 18b0. Dall & Bean. 24039. Uiuliuk, Unalasbka. W. H. Dall. 27522. Uiuliuk, Unalasbka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27919. Uiulkik, Unalasbka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27960. Uiuliuk, Unalasbka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28073. Cbernoftsky, Unalasbka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24106 (1055) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakb, August, 1873. W. H. DaU. 24068 (1003) (Juv.). Kyska, June 28, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24087 (1035) (Juv.). Kyska, 10 fms. in Pass, July 15, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24030 (Juv.). St. Paul Island, 9 fathoms. W. H. Dall. 252 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61. Blepsias bilobus Cuv. & Val. Kamtcbatka (Giintber). 28061. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 62. Nautichthys oculofasciatu.s Girard. San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 23941 (1185) (Juv.). Unalashka, Sept. 1, 1374. W. H. Dail. 24073 (1054) (Juv.). Bay of Islands, Adakh, August, 1873. W. H. Dall. 24067 (Juv.). Kyska. W. H. Dall. 27.582 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. W. H. Dall. 28030 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 12, 1880, W, H. Dall, \ 63. Rhamphocottus Richardsoni Giinther. California (Lockington); Fort Rupert, North America (Giinther). 26620. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm, J, Fisher, HEMITRIPTERID^. • 64. Hemitriptems americanus (Gmel.) Storer. H. cavifrons Lockiugton, Kodiak. I have compared Lockington's type with H. americanus in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences. SCORP^NID^. 65. Sebastichthys maliger Jordau &, Gilbert. Monterey Bay and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.) ; Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27713. Sitka, June 2, 1880, Dall & Bean, ?27922 (Juv.). Sitka, June 9, 1880. Corbin Ball, 66. Sebastichthys caurinus (Eich.) Jor. & Gilb, Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27714. Old Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean. 67. Sebastichthys ruber (Ayres) Lockiugton. Santa Barbara, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco, California (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.); off Point Bingham, Jacobi Island, Gulf of Alaska (Bean). 68. Sebastichthys melanops (Girard) Jor. & Gilb. Monterey Bay and San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27628. Sitka, May 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27921, Sitka, May 28, 1880, A. T. Whitford, 27747. Sitka. L. A. Beardslce. 27675, St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880, Wm, J, Fisher. 69. Sebastichthys ciliatus (Tiles.). Aleutians (Pallas, as Perca variabilis). 27255. Kodiak. D, S, Jordan, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CHIRID^. 70. Hexagraiamus asper Steller. Kamtcbatkii (Pallas, as Lahrax liexagrammus). 23930. Sitka. C. S. Bulkley. 27910. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27911. 01(1 Sitka, June 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27912. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23060. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28079 (Juv.). Refnge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. ?27974 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 18-0. Dall & Bean. 27G50. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27961. Uiuliuk, Unalaslika, July 31, 1880. Dall &. Bean. 28045. Uiuliuk, Uualashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 23982. Uualashka. W. H. Dall. 23985. Uualashka. W. H. Dall. 23986. Uualashka. W. H. Dall. 23974. Atka. W. H. Dall. 21530. St. Michael's, June, 1875. L. M. Turner. 21531. St. Michael's, June, 1875. L. M. Turner. 21532. St. Michael's, June, 1875. L. M. Turner. 21533. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 27528 (Juv.). Port Clarence, September 6, 1880, Dall *fc Bean. 71. Hexagrammus ordinatus (Cope) Bean. 27987. Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28027. Popoff Island, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27523. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall Sc Bean. 27648. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27649. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27967. Uiirliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall «S: Bean. 27975. Uiuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27935. Cheruoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24042. Uualashka. W. H. Dall. 24043. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 72. Hexagrammus superciliosus (Pallas) Jor. «fe Gilb. Monterey Bay and San Francisco (Jor. «& (lilb.) 5 Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.); Unalaslika (Pallas). 5606. Sitka. F. Bischoff. 27666. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27913. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 29034. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wnr. J. Fisher. 24051. Kodiak. F. Bischoff. • 27934. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall «fe Bean. 24172 (Skin). Attn, 1879. Dr. Robert White. 73. Hexagrammus scaber Bean. 23961 (Juv.) (Type). Amchitka. W. H.Dall. 27920 (Juv.) (Type). Uiuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. T. H. Bean. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 74. Hexagrammus decagranimus (Pallas) Jor. & Gilb. San Luis Obispo, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.) ; oflf Mount St. Elias, Gulf of Alaska (Pallas). 27627. Sitka, June 3, 1880. Dall »fc Bean. 27709 $ . Old Sitka, June 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 2762G. Old Sitka, June 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27710 1?. Old Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 277119. Old Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27053. Chatliani Strait, June 20, 1880. Marcus Baker. 24022. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 75. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas) Gill. Unalashka (Pallas, as Labrax ynonopierygius). 27112. Kodiak. D. S. Jordan. 29035. St. Paul, Kodiak. Wm. J. Fisher. 27930. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, Octobar 7, 1880. Robert King. 27933. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27954. Chernoffsky, Unalashka, October 2, 1880. Dall & Beau. 24174 (Skin). Attn, June 23, 1879. Dr. Robert White. 76. Ophiodon elongatus Girard. Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey Bay, San Francisco (Jor. & Gilb.); Puget Sound (Jor. & Gilb.). 27657. Sitka, June 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 77. Auoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Gill. Monterey Bay, San Francisco, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); off Mount St. Elias, Alaska (Pallas, as Gadus fimbria). 2n¥o. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. AMMODYTIDJE. 78. Ammodytes americauus Do Kay. A. personatus Girard. Monterey Bay and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 24055 (1105). Sitka,, May, 1874. W. H. Dall. 24113. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 28040. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28055. Port Mulo;rave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27993. Cbugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28070. Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean, 24110 (1152). Semidi Islands, 12 to 28 fms., June, 1874. W. H, Dall. 28011. Humboldt Bay, Shumagins, July 21, 1880, H. W. McDonald. 24093 (1210). Unalashka, 20 fms., September 18, 1874. W. H. Dall. 24028. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, June 4. W. H. Dall. 27963, Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 24008. Captain's Bay, Unalashka. W. H, Dall. 28006, Cherooft'sky, Unalashka, October 1, 1880. Dall & Beau. 24034. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 240S1 (1038). Constantine Bay, Amchitka, July 24, 1873. W. H. Dall. 2752G. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean, 28014. Port Clarence, September 6, 1880. Dall & Bean, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 255 28024. Port Clarence, September fi, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27550 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean, Auj^nst 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27562. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27577. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 79. Ammodytes alascanus Cope. ?6667. Sitka. F. Bisclioff. 24115. Sitka (180 skin-folds). L. A. Beardslee. PSYCHROLUTID^. 80. Psychrolutes paradoxus Giintber. Vancouver Island (Giintlier); Kodiak Island (collection of Alaska Commercial Company, of San Francisco). ESOCID^. 81. Esox lucius Linn. Yukon River (Dall). 6886. Fort Simpson, British America. 7552. Fort Eesolution. R. Kennicott. 8827. Fort Rae. R. Keunicott. « 8158. Slave Lake. R. Kennicott. UMBRID^. 82. Dallia pectoralis Beau. 66GI (Types). St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 23498 (Types). St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. MICROSTOMID^. 83. Osmerus dentex Steindachner. De Castries Bay, Siberia (Steind.). ?28058(Juv.). Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 21527. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21528. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 27914. Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27981. Port Clarence (dried), September 6, 1880. Dall & Beau. 84. Osmerus spirinchus (Pallas) ? ? 0. dentex Steiud. 27558. Kotzebue Sound, September 2, 1880. E. P. Herendeeu. 85. Mallotus villosus (Miiller) Cnv. Kamtcbatka and islands between Asia and America (Pallas). 24118. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 28022. Sitka, September, 1879. L. A. Beardslee. 27990. Chugachik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. T. H. Bean. 28080. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28038. Off' Marmot Island (cod stomach), July 8, 1880. T. H. Bean. 6664. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. 24038. Bering Strait. Wm. Stimpson. 27572 (Juv.). Cape Lisburne, Arctic O., August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27555 (Juv.). Point Belcher, Arctic O., August 27, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27563 (Juv.). Plover Bay. Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27564 (Juv,). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27579 (Juv.). Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 256 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 86. Hypomesus olidus (Pallas) Gill. De Castries Bay (Kner, as Osmerus oUgodon); streams and lakes of Kamtcbatka (Pallas, as Salmo olidus). 23973. St. Micliael's, May 20, 1877. L. M. Turner. 24044. St. Michael's. L. M. Turner. 87. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girartl) Gill. San Francisco and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert, as H. olidus.) 27995. Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 88. Thaleichthys pacificiia (Rich.) Girard. Columbia River and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert); Vancouver Island (Giintber). 24170. Stickene River, July, 1879. Dr. Robert White. 24111. Wrangell, 1880. R. D. Crittenden. 24112. Southern Alaska. L. A. Beardslee. 24116. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 24661. Sitka (dried). W. H. Dall. 28001. Chilkat River, June, 1880. Marcus Baker. 24122. Katmai, Aliaska, 1880. B. G. Mclntyre. COREGONID^. 89. Coregonus laurettae Bean. 9606. Nnlato, Yukon River. R. Kennicott. 24023. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 24024. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 27915 (Type). Port Clarence, September 8, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27695 (Types). Point Barrovr, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 90. Coregonus Merckii Giiuther, variety. Kolima and other Siberian rivers (Pallas, as Salmo clupeoides, fide Giintber). 23995. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 27698. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 91. Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitchill) Milner. Great Lake Region to Polar Sea (Jordan). ?7274. Fort Rae, Slave Lake. 9521. St. Michael's. H. M. Bannister. ? 23996 (Juv.). St. Michael's. L. M. Turner. 27790. Nulato, Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 27791. Nulato, Yukon River. J. T. Dyer. 24026. Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 92. Coregonus Kennicottii Milner. 8971 (Type). Fort Good Hope, British America. R. Kennicott. 9605. Nulato, Yukon River. R. Kennicott. 24025. Nulato, Yukon River, March 27, 1867. W. H. Dall. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. *?57 93. Coregonus quadrilateralis Eich. Arctic Oceau and rivers of Arctic North America (Giiutber). 27793. Slave Lake. R. Kennicott. 27792. Nulato, Yukon River, April 21, 1867. W. H. Dall, 24000 (Juv.). Fort Yukon, 1877. L. M. Turner. 94. Thymallus signifer (Rich.) Cuv. & Val. Lakes and rivers north of Mackenzie Kiver (Kich.). 9523. St. Micliael's. H. M. Bannister. 7993. Nulato, Yukon River. W. II. Dall. SALMONID.^. 95. SalveUnus malma (Walb.) Jordan & Gilbert. 1 Sahno curihts Pallas. McClond River, California (Bean) ; Columbia Eiver and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 27731. Sitka, May, 1880. A. T. Wliitford. 27734. Sitka, May 31, 1880. L. A. Beardslee. 27739. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27908. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 24120. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 277.30. Silka (Indian River), July to August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee. 27733. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27735. Sitka, May 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27513. Sitka (Pyloric ca;ca), June 2, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27518 (Juv.). Sitka (Indian River), June 8, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27620. Sitka, June 8, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27599. Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27732. Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27729. Port Althorp, June 18-19, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27992. Chugacbik Bay, Cook's Inlet, July 1, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27728. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27740. Refuge Cove, Cook's Inlet, July 6, 1880. Dall & Beau. 27969. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. Wm. J. Fisher. 27727. St. Paul, Kodiak, July 10, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28029. Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins, July 20, 1880. W. H. Dall. 28095 (Juv.). Little Koniushi Island, Shumagins, July 16, 1880. W. H. DaU. 23984. Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 19702 (1080). Unalashka. W. H. Dall. 27726. Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 28, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27966 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27597. Illiuliuk, Unalashka, July, 1880. Dall & Beau. 28002. Nateekin Bay, Unalashka, October 8, 1880. DaU & Beau. 23907. Kyska Harbor. W. H. Dall. 21511. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21512. St. Michael's, Februaif, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21514. St. Michael's, February, 1877. L. M. Turner. 21517. St. Michael's, March, 1876. L. M. Turner. 21513. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner. 21515. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner. 21516. Unalaklik River, March, 1876. L. M. Turner. 27724. Port Clarence, September 8, 1830. Dall & Beau. Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 17 Dec. 24, 1881. 258 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27091 (Skill). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27692 (Head). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27701 (Skin). Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27569 (Juv.). Cape Lisburne, Arctic Ocean, August 21, 1880. Dall & Bean. 19707 (966). Alaska. W. H. Dall. 27725. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 12-13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28040 (CiBca). Plover Bay, Siberia^ August 13, 1880. T. H. Bean. 96. Salmo purpuratus Pallas. Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Piiget Sound (Jordan& Gilbert) ; rivers Bolschayaand Bystraya, Kamtcliatka (Pallas). 24119. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27902. Sitka, May 29, 1880. L. A. Beardslee. ? 27905. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee. 27906. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee. 27907. Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 27904. Sitka, May, 1880. A. T. Whitford. 27903. Sitka, June 1-3, 1880. W. M. Noyes. 24123. St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. W. G. W. Harford. 27690. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27699. Northern Alaska, 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 97. Salmo Gairdneri Rich. Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound ^Jordan & Gilbert). 27662 9 . Sitka, June 9, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27738 9 (Skin). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean. 24125 (Eggs). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27533 $ (Pyloric ca;ca). Sitka, June 10, 1880. T. H. Bean. 24124 (Juv.). St. Paul, Kodiak, 1880. W. G. W. Harford. 98. Salmo irideus Gibbons. I have doubtfully referred to this species the following young speci- men: 23023. Sitka, July or August, 1879. L. A. Beardslee. 99. Oncorhynchus chouicha (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb. Monterey Bay, San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound ((Jordan & Gilbert). 27676 (Skiu). Kassilov River, Cook's Inlet, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27680 (Skiu). Kassilov River, Cook's Inlet, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27679 (Skin). Alaska, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27681 (Skiu). Alaska, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27682 (Spermaries). Alaska, 1880. William J. Fisher. 27716 (Belly). Yukon River. Steward of steamer St. Paul. 100. Oncorhynchus keta (Walb.) Gill &- Jordan. San Francisco, Columbia Eiver, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 27737 9 (Skin). Old Sitka, June 12, 1880. T. H. Beau. 27617 $ (Skin). Alexaudrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. J. Cohen. 28050 (Caeca and spermaries). Alexaudrovsk, Cook's Inlet, July 4, 1880. J. Cohen. 27618 (Head). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 259 27G19 (Skin). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 11, 1880. Dall & Bean. 28010 (Eggs). St. Paul, Kodiak, July 13, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27221. Bering Strait, 1880. D. S. Jordan. 27687 (Skiu). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27688 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27689 t? (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27702 (Skin). " Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27703 (Skin). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 27704 (Skiu). "Northern Alaska," 1880. Capt. C. L. Hooper. 101. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) Gill & Jordan. Columbia River and Paget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). 27635 (Skiu). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 27, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27636 (Skin). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 30, 1880. T. H. Bean. 102. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walb.) Jordan & Gilbert. San Francisco, Columbia River, and Puget Sound (Jordan & Gilbert). ?28042 (Juv.). Near Hot Springs, Baranoff Island, June 5, 1880. E. P. Herendeen. 27927 (Juv.). Sitka. L. A. Beardslee. 28018 (Juv. ). Old Sitka, June 2, 1880. T. H. Bean. 28056 (Juv.). Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27928 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. ? 27959 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, July 31, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27929 (Juv.). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 6, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27712 $ . Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. Dall & Bean. 27721 ^ (Skiu). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 28032 S (Cteca). Iliuliuk, Unalashka, October 12, 1880. T. H. Bean. 27720 acifi.cus 89. Coregonus laurettce + + (?) + (?) + + (?) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 272 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Synopsis of the distribution of Alaskan fishes—Continued. 90. 91. 92, 93. 94, 95, 96 97, 98, 99, 100 101 102 103 104, 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 1]2 113, 114 115 116 52 95 Coregonug Merckii var Coregonus cl upeifortnise Coregonus Kennicottii Corego7iiis quadrilateralis Thymallus aignifer Salvelinus mabna Salmo purpuratus Salm Gairdneri Salmo iridens Oncorhynchus chouicha Oncorhynchus keta Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus gorbuscha A lepidosaurus fcrox Alcpidosaurus borealis Chipea mirabilis SpratelloidiS bryoporus Catostomus longirostris Plih'chthys Goodei Acipenser medirostris Chimcera Colliei , Haia binoculata Eaia parmifera Raia batis Pallas Squalus acanthias Ammoutes aureus (App.). leelus hamatus (App.). Somniosus microcephalus . 2M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MEXnODS OF MAKIXG AND PRESERVIIVG P1.ASTER CASTS. By ANTHONY PIRZ. Long Island City, N. Y., October 28, 1881. Dear Sir : In using tlie method of preserving plaster casts with baryta water and soap as given some time ago, it happens that larger pieces remain damp a long time (years) and yellow iron spots readily appear on the plaster. V. Dechend, in Bonn, recommends brushing the casts with a hot saturated solution of borax twice, and larger pieces five to six times. Then apply twice a saturated and hot solution of chloride of baryta, and finally a hot solution of soap; the superfluous soap solution is to be washed off with hot water, and lastly with cold water. The whole treatment occupies but a few hours. W. Eeisig, in Darmstad, recommends covering the plaster casts with a solution of India rubber in benzole, or petroleum ether, or bisulphide of carbon. The casts so treated can be w^ashed. E. Jacobsen's plan to make pilaster casts stand the washing is: to saturate the casts hot with a solution of a most neutral soap from soda lye and stearic acid in 10 parts of boiling water. I. W. Platonoff, in Moscow, i^repares a mass for casts as follows: take 50 parts glue, 35 parts wax, and 15 parts glycerine, with 30 per PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273 cent, zinc oxide. It becomes as hard as horn. A softer mass consists of 50 parts glue, 25 parts wax, an01VER CAEIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIO^VS OF FOUR ISEW SPECIES. By DAVID S. JOISDAIV and CHARLES H. GILBERT. The specimens of fishes collected by Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, com- mandant of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer Has- sler, in his voyage along the coast of Mexico and Central America, have been already noticed by us on page 225 of the present volume of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum. On the north- ward voyage of the Hassler (January-March, 1881), Lieutenant Nichols made another collection, also of much importance. A list of the species obtained, with their numbers as recorded in the register of the museum, is given below. It will be noticed that all the species obtained from the west coast of Lower California belong to the Californian fauna, while nearly all of those obtained within the Gulf are members of the tropical fauna of the west coast of Mexico. It is a fact worthy of note that very few of the Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 18 Jan. 20, 1 882. 274 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. * fishes found along the southern coast of California extend the^r range as far southward as Cape San Lucas or Mazatlau. Only about ten species of shore fishes are known to occur both at San Diego and Mazat- lan. In the region between San Diego and Magdalena Bay, the Califor- nian fauna and its characteristic species almost wholly disappear, giving place gradually to the tropical fauna of the west coast of Mexico. Even the Labridcc, Pomacentridce, and Sciccnidce of California do not extend southward to Mazatlan. A. — Species from the Gulf of California. 29,377. Serranus radialis (Quoy & Gaim.) J. & G. Punta San Ignacio, Mexico. 29,3. Stenoradsia Cpr. c. Ischnoplax Cpr. d. Heterosotia Cpr. e. Ischnochiton s. s. Cpr. /. Ischvoradsia Shuttleworth. g. Lepidoplenrus Cpr. h. Lepidoradsia Cpr. 19. Callisiochiton Cjir. **With girdlepores. 20. Callistoplax Cpr. 21. Angasia Cpr. 22. Newcomhia Cpr. 23. 24. Ceratozona Dall. Pallochiton Dall. 284 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM. C. LOPHYROIDEA. lusertion plates broad, pectinated, projecting backward. 25. Chiton Linn<5. a. Kadsia Gray. 26. Tonivia Gray. a. Fannettia Dall. 27. Eitdoxochifon Shuttleworth. 28. Craspedochiton Sbuttleworth, D. ACANTHOIDEA. Insertion plates thrown forward. Plates broad, pectinated {A. lophyroidea). 29. Sclerochiton Cpr. | ** Plates sharp, grooved outside {A. typica). 30. Acanlhopleura Guilding. a. Lueilina Dall. b. Corepliium Gray. c. Francisia Cpr. ***Plates sharp, smooth (,A. ischnoidea.) 31. Dinoplax Cpr. 32. Middendorfia Cpr. a. Beanella Dall. 33. Nultallina Cpr. 34. Arihiiria Cpr. 35. PhaceUopleura Guilding. Section II.—Ohitones irregulares. Tail plate abnormal or with a sinus behind. E. SCHIZOIDEA. Tail valve fissured. 36. Lorica H. and A. Adams. I 37. ScMzochiton Gray. a. Aulacochiton (Sbuttleworth) Cpr. | F. Placiphoroidea. Tail valve unslit, internally ridged, mucro nearly terminal. 38. Fnoplochifon Gray. 39. Ornithochiton Gray. 40. Placiphora Gray. a. Fremhli/a H. Adams. b. Euplaciphora Shuttleworth. c. Guilding ia Cpr. G. MOPALOIDEA. Tail valve with posterior sinus and one slit on each side. 41. Mopalia Gray. a. Placiphorella Ct^t. 42. Katherina Gray. 43. Acanthochiton (Leach) Herrm. a. Macandrellus Cpr. b. Stectoplax Cpr. 44. Notoplax H. Adams. PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 285 H. Cryptoidea. With double sutural laminae. 45. Crrjptoconchus Blainville. 46. Amiciila Gray. a. Amiciila s. s. Dall. 6. Chlamydochiton Dall. 47. Cryptochiton Gray and Middendorf. I. Chitonelloidea. Tail plate funuel-shaped. Laminse thrown forward. 48. ChitoneUtts Blainville. I 49. Choneplax Cpr. a. Cnjptoplax Gray. | a. Vhitoniecus Cpr. It is hardly necessary to observe that the names here ascribed to Gray, Shuttleworth, and other older writers are more or less restricted so as to make them natural assemblages, which most of them orig- inally were not. The subdivisions under similar names to be found in Adams' Genera of Eecent Mollusca and Ch^nu's Manual are nearly all heterogeneous assemblages. Some names w^hich were found to have been preoccupied in other groups have been replaced by new ones. Nearly all the names enumerated have been made imblic, some of them many years ago, others bj'^ Dr. Carpenter in his " Table of Eegular Chi- tons," distributed in November, 1873, but of which a large proportion of the copies printed are still on hand. Some appeared in different papers on mollusca of the northwest coast of North America, published by Dr. Carpenter from 1863 to 1874, and several were elucidated in a paj^er on the New England chitons in the Bulletin of the Essex Institute in 1873. A majority of them were also characterized by me (j^artly from Dr. Carpenter's manuscript) in my Eeport on the Limpets and Chitons of Alaska, &c., Proc. U. S. National Museum, December, 1878. Such as still remained unpublished are now included in the following analytical tables with additional notes elucidating their characters more fully. It is believed that the publication of these tables will be beneficial in several ways, as in giving a general view of Dr. Carpenter's classification, and especially in calling attention to the characters which it is desirable should be distinctly noted by thosie who may describe new species of Chitonidce, and for the want of which it is impracticable, in the majority of cases, to properly classify or even to subsequently recognize the species. The technical terms used and the relations of the several parts have been explained in my report above mentioned, and it is not considered necessary here to repeat the explanations. The publication of the entire monograph ordy awaits the preparation of the illustrations, which has been delayed by circumstances entirely beyoiul the writer's control. It may be thought by some who have not investigated the subject that the group has been unduly divided. In regard to the permanent 286 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. relations of its various genera, no dogmatism is justifiable at present or until the characters of a much larger number of species have been de- finitely determined. Until then, when the questions can be decided, the various subdivisions will at least serve a very useful purpose in calling attention to differences which otherwise might pass unnoticed or unheeded. For my own part, my impressions are that the ma,iority of the genera or subgenera proposed by Dr. Carpenter will eventually be recognized as well founded, though a certain number may be condemned to consolidation. NOTES ON THE GENERA. 6. Cymatodus Carpenter, MS., not of Newberry, 1870, 7a. Differs from LeptocMton not only in its hairy girdle, but also in its valves, which are thrown forward, forming a decided transition toward some of the palreozoic forms. Type LeptocMton curvatus Cpr. Okosiri, Japan ; A. Adams. 10. Microplax Adams and Angas 1864, not of Lilljeborg, 1865. 12. Cailochiton (restricted). Laminae broken up into very numerous teeth rising out of spongy eaves, and having a tendency to become propped outside; sinus a mere wave in the united bodies of the sutural laminae; mantle reticulated with peculiar bodies, the tips of which ap- pear like diamond-shaped scales, and which are unlike the girdle- armature of any other Chiton. Example Chiton Icevis of Montague, Pennant and Gray. 12a. Subgenus Stereochiton ; Cailochiton: zona coriacea sparsim lanuginosa. Type Chiton castaneus Wood, Ind. Test, et Gen. Con.-h. 15. Valvae tenues in zona tenui, levi, partim immersae; laminae inser- tionis acutae, terminales pauci-flssatae, sed regulares; sinus baud den- tatus; mucro medianus. Example, Chiton codrotatus Sowerby, Isle of Bohol. 17. Valvae parlim immersae; laminae acutae, Ischnoidae; sinus magnus levis ; mucro medius planatus; zona spongiosa, antice producta. Ex- ample, Spongiochiton productus Cpr., New Zealand, Mus. Cuming, no. 50. This may be considered a partially covered Chcetoplenra , just as LeptopJax is a partially covered Tonicella. 20. Testa extus et intus ut in Callistochitone, zona porifera aliter uuda. Type Chiton retusus Sby. China Seas. 21. Testa extus et intus Ciiaetopleuroidea sed subgrundis parvis; zona minutae squamulopilosa, fasciculis ad suturas instructa. {=IIanleyia Ad. & Angas, non Gray). Type A. tetrica Cpr. -Ceylon. Mus. Cuming, no. 83. Hanleia variabilis Ad. and Angas probably belongs to this group, but has not been dissected. 23. Ceratophorus Carpenter MS. (non Diesing, 1850). Valvae extus et intus Chaetopleurae similis, sed dentibus sufiultis, subgrundis curtis: zona levis, in cornua sen cornuum fasciculas circa suturas et marginem porrecta. Type Chiton Guildingi Keeve. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 287 This differs from all other hairy or spiny Chitons, at all nearly related to it, in the mantle ornaments not being inserted into sockets, but being extensions of its substance. 24. (i7e>«^?/id. Body long, chatfy scales. Same ns last, with radsioid slits. Same, triple series if striated scales. Body normal, double series of scales. Body iioinial, small striate scales. Body normal, radsioid slits. C Sc.ili's of Chiton, plates of Ischno- < chiton. ( Same, with rad.sioid slits. NiaTiiw yitdle, higldv .sculptured, plati s curv.'il oul waid Curv< d plates, ninr'.'iiiiil pores. Proiipi d teeth, sutural jiores. Touch, fleshy girdle, propped teeth. Propped teetb, horny girdle pro- cesses. Spongy girdle, single lateral slits. Broad serrated teeth and sinus, scaly girfile. Same, with added side slits. Sharper teeth, smooth giidle. Shaiper teeth, valves partly cov- ered. Non-fissured but deeply pectinate teeth, hair\ girdle. Posterior valve "medio fimbriata." Non-imliricate scales, broad gioov- ed and serrate teeth. Teeth short inside, long outside, waved sinus. Same, with ladsioid slits. Spinous girdle, lobed sinus. Partly covered valves, radsioid slits. Downy girdle tufts, smooth sharp teeth. Bristly girdle, smooth propped teeth. Sharp teeth, striate scales. Long, sharp teeth, radsioid slits, posteiior mticro. Twisted mucro, smooth, thin girdle, thin ischnoid valves. Smooth, porous girdle partly cover- ing valves, very long t( eth. Slit tail-plate, scaly girdle. Sharp teeth, produced girdle, hi. lobed scales, lobed sinus. Very long and narrow, deep slit. Scaly girdle, llattened lad plate. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201 Table II—Continued. c in o c "A 292 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. NOTES Oy tEKTAIIV ABORIGINAI. SHEL,!. MOUNWS ON THE COAST OF NE^V BRUNSWICK ANB OF NE%V ENGtiANB. BY S. F. BAIRD, During several successive visits made to New England and the Prov- inces, I embraced the opportunity of examining a number of interesting shell mounds, intending to continue the research and to prepare a de- tailed account of them. Subsequent events, however, have prevented my doing this, and I now publish some fragmentary notes on the subject, for the purpose of calling attention to the localities and inviting further examination. In general, it is possible to determine beforehand the existence of shell heaps by the physical surroundings. Thus, whenever on the sea-coast the shore sloped gently to the south, witli fresh water in the neighbor- hood, shell mounds or beds could always be inferred, especially if in the vicinity of flats where clams could be obtained. Here were generally established the sites of villages or of temporary encampments. Prof. F. W. Putnam, in one of his papers upon shell mounds in New England, has remarked upon the comparative absence of stone imple- ments therein. This I did not And to be the case in Maine and Ne\v Brunswick ; indeed, in some cases, the abundance was quite remarkable. The examinations of the shell beds in New Brunswick and Eastern JNIaine were mostly made in the summer of ISGO ; of those on Cape Cod, in 1870 and 1871; and of those on Casco Bay, in 1873. All the speci- mens collected are in the National Museum at Washington. Xo. 1.— OaJc Bay, *SY. Croix River, St. Bavidh Parish, New Brunmcicl;.— This locality is on the eastern side of Oak Bay, and is about eight miles from Calais, on the farm of Josiah Simpson. This is the most extensive and in fact one of the richest mounds I have ever examined. The total thickness of the bed is about 5 feet, and the different layers occur in a succession indicated in the accompanying diagram. A striking feature in this mound is the abundance of spines and shells of Echini, which evidently constituted a large j)ortion of the food of the aborigines. A careful examination of the ashes indicated that they were derived, for the most part, from eel-grass {Zostera marina), and it is sug- gested that the cooking of the shells was done by wrapping them up in dry eel-grass and setting fire to it. This would probably cook the animals sufliciently to enable them to be readily withdrawn from the shell. Oak Bay is a narrow fjord, extending northward from Passamaquoddy Bay, the water being entirely salt. The tides are very high, and a vast extent of flats is exposed at low water, still abounding in the soft clam. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293 The area of the shell bed appears to be about one acre. The Drincipal shells are the foUowiiiir: " ^"^^^'^''^ Buccinum pUcosum. Natica heros. Pccten tenuicostatum. Pectcn cardiimi VKliTICAL SECTION OF SHELL HEAP Mya arenaria. Mytilus. Helix alternata. , Oak Bay, New Brunswick, September, IhG9. [Scale i'^.] Toj) sod, fiue powdery humns. Much decomposed clam shells. Fine flat gravel—Ancient beach. 3. Finely comminuted shells: carbonaceous matter. Clayey humus, nearly pure. Fiue shells, white ashes^ carbonaceous matter. Finely comminuted shells, carbonaceous matter. Shells. 7. Layer of Ecliinua spines. Black bed. Shells, Blackish matter. 9. 10. II 12. Original clay. 13. 294 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Several visits were made to Oak Bay in company with George A. Boardman and Dr. Todd, of St. Stephen's, New Brunswick. Xo. 2. — Cohseool- Baij^ Washington Coiinfi/, Maine; Farm of Levi Ilal- ]oiccU.—This point was reached 1)y water from Eastport, Me., and is five mik'S sonth of Denysville. It is on a narrow, sloping point, running- sharply into the bay and cut away at the water's edge. The sur- face is about feet above the level of high tide. The edge has been much worn away by the water, and probably at onetime extended con- siderably beyond its present position. The shells were much broken in the beds. The abundance of roots of trees rendered digging very diffi- cult. The shells formed a layer of from G to 20 inches below the surface of the sod. Bones were very abundant, especially those of the moose and beaver. Stone arrows and Hint Hakes, &c., were also very numer- ous. The area of the bed is about 30 feet by 20, and gives rise to a de- cided swell in the slope. At other points ni the neighborhood there are thin seams of shells in the sod, much mixed with charcoal and black earth, without any bones. I made several visits to this locality, and a more extended exploration was made by Mr. Gardiner, of Eastport, who presented his collections to the National Museum. No. 3. CohscooJc Bay, Washington Cou7ity, Maine; South Bay, at the southern end of Long Lsland.—This bed is at some distance from the water and was not very productive. It is situated on a high bank, sloping gradually to the water, and terndnating abruptly. Much of it has been washed away. There appears to have been one continuous layer, cover- ing about 30 or 40 feet by 20 with outlying hummocks. The sod is five or six Inches thick, succeeded bj^a bed of large un1)roken shells, with little or no dirt within eight or ten inches of the top. A few stone arrows were obtained here, but not many bones—none to warrant further ex- l)loration. No. 4. Grand Menan, Neiv Brunsiviclc ; Grand Harljor—Grand IMenan is situated about 20 miles from East[)ort. This was found to contain many deposits of small shell heaps ; no beds, however, were very exten- sive. Those at Newton's Point and Ingali's Head, in Grand Harbor, were found to be the most productive localities. The shells were much broken and mixed with dirt. Where the bed reached the water's edge it was about 40 feet wide and 10 inches thiclc. The only mammals observed were seals, some beaver, many bones of birds and a few of fishes were obtained. Stone arti(des were abundant; many arrows, flint flakes, &c. A few worked bones of the beaver were secured. No. 5. — Grand Menan; Nantuclcet Island.—This is the residence of Simeon L. Cheney, the well known naturalist of Grand Menan, whose assistance to many American naturalists has been so often gratefully acknowledged. No. (k— Grand Menan, Cheney Island, near Whitehead IsIa))d.—ThQ shells in the last two localities occur on the south side of the island in detached heaps or hummocks, containing each from half a bushel to three or four bushels, not connected by any layers. They are usually high up PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295 ill the field and covered with thick sod. These heaps show very few bones, and very seklom any stone implements. They appear to have been casual in their origin, and do not mark long continued settlements. Cormorant bones were found quite abundantly in the JSTantucket Island heaps. There appeared to be an unusual scarcity of bones of fishes in the Grand Menan deposits, and those chiefly of small fishes, such as sculpins, and the like. Bones of codfish, and perhaps even of goose-fish, and other large fish were more common at Eagle Hill, Ipswich, where the mounds, while abounding in the bones of fish, furnished very few of mammals and birds. No. 7. — Pope Logan, Lepreau Bay.—Tlie locality \isited is on Holland's farm, on the north part of the island and west of the westernmost saw- mill. Of the numerous deposits in the \icinity only one was examined; this revealed an abundance of shells of the soft clam [Mya arenaria), still found in numbers in the neighborhood, the locality being celebrated all along the coast in this respect. The shell heap examined is on a sloping bank descending to the south, the lower end being about 10 feet above high tide, and occupying an area of 150 feet by 50, and having a depth of 20 feet in the several layers. The shells were, for the most part, entire and unstratitied, with very little mixture of earth. The bones of large mammals, such as the moose, and probably the caribou, were extremely abundant, occurring by the cart-load. They were much less broken up than usual. No. 8. Bliss's Island. New BrnnsioicTx.—This locality is situated near the head of the bay on the right hand of Pentlow's Cove, to the south- west. Here the shells occur in thin, compact layers on the bank facing the northwest, much mixed with black dust. The deposit is scanty and scarcely worth working. iTo. 9. Bliss's Island, Fisherman's Cove, New Brnnswiclc.—This locality is on the northeast side and north of the weirs. Here the shells occur unstratitied in a bed about 20 inches thick, almost free from mixture, and covered with a light, loose soil, G to 10 inches deei). Very few bones were found. No. 10. — Frye's or Cailiff^s Island, New Brunsii'icli.—This bed was one of the richest I have ever examined. It is situated on English Cove, directly opposite Bliss's Island, to the east of Long Point. It is near the ffjrni buildings, between two willows. Here theshcll bed was a very large one, about 15 feet above the present high tide, and seems to have been torn up by the t:de and restratifled by the water, so that articles of the same kind and specific gravity were usually found in association. The layers consisted of black beach gravel, alternating with nearly pure gravel. The total bed was from 20 to 30 inches thick, the productive layers occupying only a few inches of it. The shells had been cast in strata on either side of a ravine or gulch, along the l)ottomflSTKIISIUTl''E W KV 'rciE IJi^ITESJ STATES I\'A. TttONAli lUBJSEUOT. Series II. Prepared by Kiciiard Rathbux. The species enumerated in the present list were collected by the U. S. Fish Commission, mainly during the past lour years, and represent a portion of the duplicate material resulting from their seacoast explora- tions, and now available for distribution. Several of the species in eluded in these duplicate sets are recent additions to science, obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk, from the inner edge of the Gulf Stream Slope, south of Martha's Vineyard, during the sum- mers of 1S80 and 1881. This region, which was first exi)lored in 1880, has proved to be the richest dredging ground yet discovered upon our coast, both as regards variety of life and abundance of specimens. Nearly all the species enumerated are included in each set, bat of a few species only enough duplicates were secured to supply a portion cf the sets. In the printed list to accompany each set sent out, the species omitted from that set will be erased. Except where otherwise indicated, the specimens are all preserved in alcohol. The sets will luimber about one hundred. The Crustacea have been identified, for the most part, by Prof. S. I. Smith, and most of the other species by Prof. A. E. Verrill. The names are mainly those used in the Preliminary Check-list of the Marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic @oast, by A. E. Verrill, edition of 1879. A considerable number of species that have since been described are, however, here included. Washington, D. C, November, 1881. CRUSTACEA. DECAPODA. 1. Gelasimus pugnas Smith. U. S. E. C— Niiri a-autett Bay, R. I., shore. 2. Platyonichus ocellatus Latr. U. S. E. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore. 3. Platyonichus ocellatus Latr. Young. II. S. E. C.—Narragaiisett Bay, R. I. 4. Carcinus msenas Leach. U. S. F. C .—Nev.'port , li. I. , shore. 5. Panopeus Sayi Smith. U. S. E. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore. 6. Cancer irroratus Say. U. S. E. C.—Narra;;ansett Bay, R. I. 7. Cancer irroratus Say. U. S. E. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 8. Cancer irroratus Say. Yotin^. I'.S. E. C.—Narragausett Bay, li. I. 9. Hyas coarctatus Leach. U. S. E. C—Gulf of Maine. 10. Hyas coarctatus Leach. U. S. E. C—George's Bank, 45 fath. 11. Hyas coarctatus Leach. U. S. E. C—Le Have Bank, 45 fath. 12. Libinia emarginata Leach. U. S. V. C.—Narragausett Baj', li. I. 13. Euprognatha rastellifera Stiiiip. U. S. E. C.—74 miles y. ol Nantucket Island, 7t) fath. 14. Hippa talpoida Say, U. S. E. C.—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. 15. Eupagurus poUicaris Stinip. U. S. E. C—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 16. Eupagurus pollicaris S imp. U. S. E. C.—Narragausett B.jy, li. I. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 209 17. Eupagurus longicarpus Stimp. U. S. F. C.—NarragauHtitt Bay, R. I. 18. Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith. U. S. F. C.—87 miles S. of Martha's Viue- yard, 312 fath. 19. Munida, Sp. U. S. F. C—73 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 65 fath. 20. Homarus americanus Edwards. U. S. F. C.—Southern coast of New Eng- land. 21. Crangon vulgaris Fabr. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 22. Pontophilus brevirostris Smith. U. S. F. C—73 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 65 fath. 23. Pandalus leptocerus Smith. U. S. F. C—60 miles S, of Martha's Vine- yard, 45 fath. 24. Palasmonetes vrjlgaris Stimp. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I., shore. SCHIZOPODA. 25. Mysis americana Smith. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 26. Thysanopoda norvegica M. Sars. U. S. F. C.—Bay of Fundy, surface. AMPHIPODA. 27. Orchestia agilis Smith. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 28. Talorchestia longicornis Smith. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. 29. Gammarus natator Smith. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass. 30. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimp. U. S. F. C.—Long I. Sd., off Noank, Conn. 31. Unciola irrorata Say. U. S. F. C—OflF Newport, R. I. 32. Themisto bispinosa Bceck. U. S. F. C—87 miles S. of Block Island, R. I., 335fath. (Stomach of Hake.) ISOPODA. 33. Idotea robusta Kriiyer. U. S. F. C—Oti'Block Island, R. I., surface. 34. Ligia oceanica Fabr. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 35. .SIga psora Kriiyer. U. S. F. C—Off Nova Scotia, on cod and halibut. ENTOMOSTRACA. 36. Artemia gracilis Verrill. U.S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., salt vats. 37. Temora longicornis Milller. U. S. F. C.—Block Island Sound, surface. CIRRIPEDIA. 38. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur- face. 39. Lepas anatifera Linn. U. S.F. C—100 miles off Martha's Vine- yard, surface. 40. Balanus balanoides Stimp. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. 41. Balanus porcatus Costa. U. S. F. C—Off Chatham, Mass., 16 fath. 42. Balanus Hameri Darwin. U. S. F. C—Off Chatham, Mass., 16 fath. MEROSTOMATA. 43. Limulus Polyphemus Latr. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Southern New England, shore. ANNELIDA. CH^TOPODA. 44. Aphrodita aculeata Liuud. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 150 to 216 fath. 45. Laetmatonice armata Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 140 to 400 fath. 46. Lepidonotus squamatus Leach. U. S. F. C—Eastport, Me. 47. Lepidonotus squamatus Leach. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., 8 to 12 fath. 48. Harmothoe imbricata Malmgreu. U. S. F. C—Eastport, Me. 49. Nephthys incisa Mgn. U. S.F. C—Off Newport, R. I., 12 to 40 fath. 50. Nephthys incisa Mgn . U. S. F. C—Oir Cape Cod, 10 to 50 fath. 51. Nephthys c«ca Johnst. U. S. F. C.—Cape Ann, Mass., shore. 52. Nereis virens Malmgren. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. 53. Nereis pelagica Linn(S. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 54. Nereis pelagica Linnd. U. S. F. C—Oir Chatham, Mass., 15 to 40 fath. 55. Hyalincecia artifex Verrill. U. S. F. C—0!) miles S. of Martha's A^iue- yard, KiO to 388 fath. )00 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 56. HyalincEcia artifex Verrill. U, S. F. C—78 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 192 fatb. 57. Hyalincecia artifex Verrill. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, IGO to 388 fath. 58. Euglycera dibranchiata Ver. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 59. Clymenella torquata Verrill. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 60. Cirratulus grzindis Verrill. U. S F. C.—Naushou Island, Mass., shore. 61. Trophonia affiuis Verrill. U. S. F. C—Olf Newport, R. I. 62. Sternaspis fossor Stimp. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 20 to 100 fath. 63. Aniphitrite ornata Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Naushon Island, Mass., shore. 64. Thelepus ciucinnatus Verrill. U. S. F. C—Bay of Fuudy. 65. Thelepus cincinnatus Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40 lath. 66. Potamilla reniformis Mgn. U. S. F. C—Off' Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40 fath. 67. Filigrana implexa Berkeley. U. S. F. C—Off Chatham, Mass., 16 to 40 fath. GBPHYREA. 68. Phascolosoma Gouldii Dies. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., .shore. 69. Phascolion Strombi Theel. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 10 to 20 fath. 70. Phascolion Strombi Theel. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 40 to 150 fath. CHiETOGNATHA. 71. Sagitta elegans Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur- face. MOLLUSCA. CEPHALOPODA. 72. Loligo Pealei Lesuenr. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 73. Loligo Pealei Lesuenr. Young. U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay., Mass.,? fath. 74. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Young. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I., 10 to 20 fath. 75. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Eggs. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 76. Heteroteuthis tenera Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 85 to 2->5 fath. 77. Octopus Bairdii Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 200 to 388 fath. GASTROPODA. 78. Fulgur carica Conrad. Dry. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 79. Fulgur carica Conrad. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 80. SycotypuscanaliculatusGill. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Southern New England. 81. Sycotypus canaliculatus Gill. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn. 82. Neptunea propinqua (Alder). U. S. F. C.—Off' Martha's Vineyard, G5 to 300 fath. 83. Neptunea (Siphonella) pygmaea Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 65 to 150 fath. 84. Neptunea Stimpsoni var. (Morch). U. S. F. C—Off' Martha's Vineyard, 40 to 100 fath. 85. Buccinum undatum Linn^. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 28 to 40 fath. 86. Tritia trivittata H. and A. Adams. U. S. F. C—Off" Newport, R. I. 87. Ilyanassa obsoleta Stimp. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 88. Urosalpinx cinerea Stimp. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 89. Eupleura caudata Stimp. U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 90. Purpura lapillus Lamarck. U. S. F.C—Newport, R. I., shore. 91. Astyris lunata (Say) Dall. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass. 92. Anachis avara (Say). Perk. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass. 93. Luratia heros H. »fc A. Adams. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 94. Neverita duplicata Stimp. Dry. IT S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound. Mass. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301 95. Cingula Jan-Mayeni (Fr.) Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Viueyard, )i'SS to 500 fatb. 96. Littorina littorea Menke. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 97. Littorina palliata Gould. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 98. Littorina njdis Gould. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 99. Bittium nigrum (Totten) Stiiup. U. S. F. C—Wood's HoU, Mass. 100. Crepidiila fornicata Lam. U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 101. Crepidula convexa Say. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off" Newport, R. I. 102. Crepidula plana Say. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. 103. Acmaea testudinalis Hau. U. S. F. C.—Eastport, Me., shore. 104. Fiona nobilis Aid. & Hau. U. S. F. C—Off" Martha's Viueyard, sur- face. 105. Pleurobranchia tarda Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, G5 to 200 fath. 106. Scaphander puncto-striatus (Mi- (Thels). U. S. F. C—Oft' Martha's Viueyard, 115 to 372 fath, 107. Melampus lineatus Say. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 108. Trachydermon ruber Carp. U. S. F. C—Eastport, Me. 109. Trachydermon albus Carp. U. 8. F. C—Eastport , Me. SOLENOCONCHA. 110. Dentalium striolatum Stiuip. U. S. F. C—Eastport, Me., 10 to :!0 fath. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 111. Teredo megotara Ilauley. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, sur- face. 112. Clidiophora trilineata Carp. Dry. U S. F. C—Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 7 fath. 113. Mulinia lateralis Gray. Young. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 114. Callista convexa H. & A. Ad. Dry. U, S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 115. Tottenia gemma Perkins. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Proviucetown, Mass., shore. 116. Cyprina islandica Lam. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. 117. Loripes lens Verrill & Smith. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Viueyard, 85 to 1-20 fath. 118. Venericardia borealis Carp. U. S. F.C—Off' Newport, R. I., K! to 15 fath. 119. Astarte undata Gould. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 20 to 27 fath. 120. Astarte crenata Gray. U. S. F. C— Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to 365 fath. 121. Nucula projdma Say. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 122. Nucula proxima Say. U. S. F. C—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 123. Yoldia limatula Woodward. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 11 fath. 124. Yoldia sapotilla Stimp. U. S. F. C—76 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 100 fath. 125. Yoldia thraciformis (Storer) Stimp. U. S. F. C—Gulf of Maine, 50 to 100 fath. 126. Scapharca transversa Ad. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off New Haven, Conn. 127. Limopsis minuta (Phil.). U. S. F. C—Off" Martha's Vineyard, 238 to 305 fath. 128. Modiola modiolus Turton. U. S. F. C.—Eastport Harbor, Maine. 129. Modiola plicatula Lam. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. L, shore. 130. Mytilus edulis Linn. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 131. Pecten irradians Lam. U. S. F. C—Provincetown, Mass., shore. 132. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath. 133. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. 134. Pecten vitreus Woodward. U.S.F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 300 to 458 fath. 135. Anomia glabra Verrill. U. S. F. C—Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath. TUNIOATA. 136. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill. U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137. Ciona ocellata Verrill. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 138. Molgula manhattensis Verrill. U. S. F. C—Wood's Hull, Mass., shore. 139. Halocynthia partita Verrill. U. S. F C.—Newport, R. I., siiore. 140. Halocynthia pyriformis Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Eastport, Me. 141. Boltenia Bolteni (Liuu6.) U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15fath. 142. Perophora viridis Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. 143. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill. U. S. F. C—Newport Harbor, R. I. 144. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass. 145. Amoroecium peUucidum Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Viueyard Sound, Mass. 146. Amoroecium stellatum Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 147. Amorcecium constellatum Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sonnd, Mass. 148. Leptoclinum albidum Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 149. Salpa Caboti Desor. U. S. F. C— Oil' Newport, R. I., surface. 150. Salpa. (Large species.) U. S.F. C— Oft' Martha's Viueyard, sur- face. MOLLUSCOIDA. BRACHIOPODA. 151. Terebratulina septentrional!s Gr. U. S. F.C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. POLYZOA. 152. Bugula turrita Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 153. Bugula Murrayana Busk. U. S. F. C—Off Cape Cod, Mass. 154. Gemellaria loricata Busk. U. S. F. C—Off Cape Cod, Mass. 155. Electia pilosa Fisch. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 156. Lepralia americana Verrill. Dry. U. S. F. C—Newport Harbc^r, R. I. 157. Discopora nitida Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Viueyard Sound, Mass. ECHINODERMATA. HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 158. Thyone Briareus Selenka. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. 159. Leptosynapta Girardii Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. ECHINOIDEA. 160. Schizaster fragilis (Dub. & Ivor.) Dry. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to 258 fath. 161. Echinarachnius parma Gray. Dry. U. S. F. C—Cape Cod Bay, Mass. 162. Strongylocentrotus drobachien- sis A. Ag. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. 163. Arbacia punctulata Gray. U. S. F. C.—Newport Harbor, R. I., shore. ASTERIOIDEA. 164. Asterias Fotbesii Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Newt ore, K- !•) shore. 165. Asterias vulgaris Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off' Martha's Vineyard, 20 to 50 fath. 166. Asterias stellionura Perrier. U. S. F. C—Off Nova Scotia, 90 to 200 fath. 167. Leptasterias compta Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Block Id., R. I., 27 fath. 168. Leptasterias compta Verrill. U. S. F. C— Oft' Martha's Vineyard, 25 to 55 fath. 169. Stephanasterias albula Verrill. U. S. F. C—HO miles off' Nantucket, 94 fath. 170. Hippasteria phrygiana Ag. Dry. U. S. F. C—Gulf of Maine, 50 to 100 fath. 171. Cribrella sanguinolenta Liitk. U. S. F. C—Bay of Fundy, 10 to 20 fath. 172.—Odontaster hispidus Verrilf. U. S. F. C—Oft' Martha's Viueyard, 70 to 200 fath. 173. Ctenodiscus crispatus D. and Kor. U. S. F. C.—Massachusetts Bay. 174. Archaster americanus Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martini's Vineyard. 175. Archaster Agassizii Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard. 176. Archaster Florae Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 200 to 350 fath. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL ilUSEUM. 303 OPHIUROIDEA. 177. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray. U.S.F.C.—Gulf of Maine. 178. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Viueyarcl, 130 to 200 fath. 179. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 45 fath. 180. Ophiogljrpha Sarsii Lym. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Oft' Martha's Vineyard, Mass. 181. Ophioscolex glacialis M. & Tr. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 200 to 258 fath. 182. Ophiocnida olivacea Lyman. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 85 to 125 fath. 183. Ophiacantha mUlespina Verrill. U. S. F. C— Off" Martha's Vineyard, 130 to 260 fath. 184. Amphiura macilenta Verrill. U. S. F. C—OffMartha's Vineyard, G I fath. 185. Astrophyton Agassizii Stimp. U. S. F. C—Off' Cape Cod, Mass., 20 to 30 fath. 186. Astrophyton Agassizii Stimp. Dry. U. S. F. C—Off Cape Cod, 20 to 30 fath. CRINOIDEA. 187. Antedon dentatum (Say) Verrill. (= Sarsii D. & K.) U. S. F. C—75 miles S. of Nantucket, 146 fath 188. Antedou dentatum (Say) V. (= Sarsii D. & K.) U. S. F. C—Off' Martha's Vineyard, 183 to 258 fath. CCELENTERATA. ANTHOZOA. 189. Pennatula aculeata Dan. U. S. F. C—82 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 202 fath. 190. Renilla reniformis. U. S. F. C—Beaufort, N. C. 191. Acanella Normani Verrill. U. S. F. C—Olf Martha's Vineyard. 192. Alcyonium caineum Ag. U. S. F. C—Off Cape Cod, 20 to 25 fath. 193. Metridium marginatum Edw. Sc H. U. S. F. C. —Newport, K. I., shore. 194. Sagartia abyssicola Verrill. ^ U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 100 to 300 fath. 195. Urticina nodosa Verrill. U. S.F. C—80 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 160 fath. 196. Halocampa producta Stimii. U. S. F. C.—Newporr, R. I., shore. 197. Epizoanthus americanus Verrill. U. S. F. C.—75 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 86 fath. 198. Epizoanthus paguriphila Verrill. U. S. F. C.—87 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 312 fath. HYDROIDEA. 199. Obe'.ia geniculata Hincks. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I., 13 fath. 200. Sertularella tricuspidata Hincks. U. S. F. C— George's Bank, 30 to 50 fath. 201. Sertularia cupressina Liun^. U. S. F. C—Oft' Nova Scotia. 202. Sertularia pumila Linu^. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn. 203. Diphasia fallax Agassiz. U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. 204. Griobiceps tiarella Ayres. U. S. F. C.—Newport Harbor, R. I. PORIFERA. SILICEA. 205. Microcionaprolifera Verrill. Dry. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn. 206. Microcionaprolifera Vernll. Dry. U. S. F. C—Wood's Hon, Mass. 207. Cliona sulphurea Verrill. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 4 fath. 208. Suberites compacta Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Massachusetts Bay. 209. Tethya gravata Hyatt. U. S. F. C—Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath. PROTOZOA. RHIZOPODA. 210. Astrorhiza arenacea. (Sch.) U. S. F. C—Off Block Island, R. I., 28 fath. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LBST OF ITIARIIVE: IIVVERTEBRATES from the new ElVGLiAIVD C'OA.oiT, OISTRIBUTED BV THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL ML'SEUM. Series III. — Educational Series. Prepared by Richard Rathbun. The United States National Museum, having received frequent appli- cations for collections representing the principal groups of marine in- vertebrate animals occurring uj^on our coast, and suitable for class demonstration, in connection with zoological lectures, has prepared fifty collections of this character, for distribution the present winter. The specimens necessary for this undertaking have been selected from among the duplicates accumulated by the United States Fish Commission, in their explorations of the Kew England coast, and, therefore, represent on\j those groups which occur more or less abundantly in the waters of that region. At the present time, it is impossible to enlarge these sets, as many of the representative species, which it would be desirable to include in them, are of too rare occurrence, and have been collected only in small numbers. The specimens are all preserved in alcohol, unless otherwise indicated in the list, and each set contains all the species enumerated. Washington, D. C, November^ 1881. CRUSTACEA. DSCAPODA. 1. Gelasimus pugnax Smith. Fiddler Crab. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. 2. Callinectes hastatus Ordway. Blue Crab; Edible Crab. U. S. F. C.—Chesapeake Bay. 3. Cancer irroratus Say. Rock Crab. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 4. Libinia emarginata Leach. Spider Crab. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 5. Euprognatha rastellifera Stinip. U. S. F. C.—74 miles S. of Nautucliet Id., 70 fjitb. 6. Hippa talpoida Say. Sand Bug; Bait Bug. U. S. F. C.—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. 7. Eupagurus polHcaris Stimp. Hermit Crab. U. S. F. C—New Haven, Conn. 8. Eupagurus longicarpus Stimp. Hermit Crab. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 5 to 15 fath, 9. Parapagurus pilosimaiius Smith. Hairy-clawed Hermit Cuab. U. S. F. C—87 miU-s S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 312 fath. 10. Munida, sp. U. S. F. C—73 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 65 fath. 11. Homarus americanus Edw. American Lobstek. U. S. F. C.—New England coast. 12. Crangon vulgaris Fabr. CoMMox Shrimp. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 13. Pandalus leptocerus Smith. Deep-water Prawn. U. S. F. C—(50 miles S. of Martha's Vin*. yard, 45 fath. 14. Palaemonetes vulgaris Stimp. Common Prawn. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. SCHIZOPODA. 15. Thysanopoda norvegica M. Sara. Surface Shuimp. U. S. F. C.—Bay of Fundy, surface. AMPHIPODA. 16. Orchestia agilis Smith. Sand Flea; Beach Flea. U. S.F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 17. Talorchestia longicomis Smith. Large Sand Flea. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. 18. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimp. U. S. F. C—Long Id. Sd., otf Noank, Conn. ISOPODA. 19. Idotea robusta Kroyer. U. S. F. C—Off Block Id., R. I., surface. 20. Ligia oceanica Fabr. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. ENTOMOSTRACA. 21. Artemia gracilis Verrill. Brine Shrimp. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn. 22. Temora longicornis Muller. Mexhaden feed. U. S. F. C.—Block Id. Sound, surface. CIRRIPEDIA. 23. Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol. Clear Goose Barnacle. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., sur- face. 24. Lepas anatifera Linn. Goose Barnacle. U. S. F. C—100 miles off Martha's Vine- yard, surface. 25. Balanus balanoides Stimp. Dry. Rock Barnacle ; Acorn Shell. U. S. F. C.—New Haven, Conn., shore. MEROSTOMATA. 26. Limulus Polyphemus Latr. Dry. King Crab; Horse-shoe Crab. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass., shore. ANNELIDA. CH^TOPODA. 27. Lepidonotus squamatus Kinb. U. S. F. C. —Bay of Fun^iy. 28. Lsetmatonice armata Verrill. U. S. F. C. —Off Martha's Vineyard, 100- 200 fath. l»roc. Nat. Mus. 81 20 29. Nephthys casca Johnst. U. S. F. C.—Cape Ann, Mass., shore. 30. Nereis virens Malmgren. Clam Worm ; Bait Worm. U. S. F. C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 31. Hyalinoecia artifex Verrill. Deep Sea, Tube-dwelling Worm. U.S.F.C—80 miles off Martha's Vino- yard, 192 lath. 32. Hyalinoecia artifex Verrill. Dry. (Tubes only). U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., about 200 fath. GEPHYREA. 33. PhaBooloscma Gouldii Dies. (SipJNCULOID Worm. ) U.S.F.C.—Newport, R. I., shore. 34. Phascolion Strombi Theel. (SiPUNcuLoiD Worm.) U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I., 16 fath. CH.STOGNATHA. 35. Sagitta elegans Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sd., Mass., surface. MOLLUSCA. CEPHALOPODA. 36. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Squid. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 37. Loligo Pealei Lesueur. Eggs. Squid. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. GASTROPODA. 38. Buccinum uudatum Linn. Whelk. U. S. F. C.—Eastport, Me., shore. 39. Tritia trivittata H. & A. Ad. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. 40. Ilyanassa obsoleta Stimpson. Black Mud-snail. U. S. F. C.—Gloucester, Mass., shore. 41. Purpura lapillus Lamarck. Purple. U. S. F. C.—Barnstable, Mass., shore. 42. Littorina littorea Meuke. Periwinkle. U. S. F. C.—Gloucester, Mass., shore. 43. Littorina palliata Gould. Small Periwinkle. U.S.F.C.—C'loucester Mass., shore. March 8, 1882. 30G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 44. Crepidula fornicata Lam. Dry. Double-Decker ; Boat Shell. U. S. F. C—New Haven, Conn. 45. Trachydermon albus Carp. U. S. F. C. —Eastporfc, Me. 46. AcniEea testudinalis Han. Limpet. U. S. F. C.—Eastport, Me., shore. 47. Melampus lineatus Say. Salt-marsh Snail. U.S. F.C.—Newport, R. L, shore. SOLENOCONCHA. 48. Dentalium striolatum Stimp. U. S. F. C. —Eastport, Me. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 49. Mya arenaria Linn. LoxG Clam. U. S. F. C.—Gloucester, Mass., shore. 50. Clidiophora trilineata Carp. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Blizzard's Bay, Mass., 7 fath. 51. Mulinia lateralis Gray. Young. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 52. Venus mercenaria Linn. Round Clam; Quahog. U. S. F. C—Southern New England. 53. Tottenia gemma Perkins. Dry. U. S. F. C.—Proviucetown, Mass., shore. 54. Nucula proxima Say. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, E. I. 55. Mytilus edulis Linn. Common Mussel. U. S. F. C— Newport, R. L, piles of wharves. 56. Modiola modiolus Turton. Horse Mussel. U. S. F. C.—Eastport, Me., shore. 57. Modiola plicatula Lamarck. Ribbed Mussel. U. S. F. C—Newport, R. I., shore. 58. Pecten irradians Lam, Common Scollop. U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 59. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighela. Smooth Scollop. U. S.F. C—Oft' Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath. 60. Pecten tenuicostatus Mighels. Dry. Smooth Scollop. U. S. F. C— Ofi' Martha's Vineyard. 61. Anomia glabra Verrill. Silver-shell; Gold-shell; Jingle- shell. U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass., 5 fath. 62. Ostrea Virginiana Lister. Dry, Oyster. U. S. F. C.—Chesapeake Bay. TUNICATA. 63. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill. Sea Potato. U. S. F.C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. 64. Molgula manhattensis Verrill. U. S. F, C.—Race Point, Cape Cod, Mass., shore. 65. Halocynthia partita Verrill. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. 66. Boltenia Bolteni (Linn.) Stemmed Sea-peach. U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. 67. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill. U. S. F. C—Newport Harbor, R. L 68. Amorcecium pellucidum Verrill. U. S. F. C—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 69. Amorcecium stellatum Verrill. U. S. F. C.—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 70. Amorcecium constellatum Verrill. U. S. F. C—Vineyard Sound, Mass. 71. Leptoclinum albidum Verrill. U. S. F. C—Vineyard Sound, Mass.,14fath. 72. Salpa Caboti Desor. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I., surface. MOLLUSCOIDA. BRACHIOPODA. 73. Terebratulina septentrionalis Gray. Lamp Shell. U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath. POLYZOA. 74. Bugula turrita Verrill. U.S.F.C— Narragansett Bay, R. I., 4 fath. 75. Electra pilosa Fisch. U. S. F. C—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 76. Lepralia americana Verrill. U. S. F. C—Newport Harbor, R. I. ECHINODERMATA. HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 77. Thyone Briareus Selenka. Sea-cucumber. U. S. F. C—Wood's Holl, Mass., shore. ECHINOIDEA. 78. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis A. Ag. Common Sea-urchin; Green Sea EGG. U. S. F. C—Off Newport, R. I. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MCSEUIVI. 307 79. Arbacia punctulata Gray. Purple Sea-uijchin. U. S. F. C.—Newporii Harbor, R. I., shore. 80. Echinarachniixs parma Gray. Dry. Sand-dollar. U. S. F.C—Cape Cod Bay, Mass. ASTERIOIDBA. 81. Asterias Forbesii Verrill. Green Star-fish. U. S. F.C—Newport, R, I., shore. 82. Leptasterias compta Verrill. U. S. F. C—18 miles S. E. of Block Island, R.I.,27fath. 83. Ctenodisous crispatus D. and Kor. Velvet Star. U. S. F. C.—Massachusetts Bay. 84. Archaster americauus Verrill. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., about 200 fath. OPHIUROIDEA. 85. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray. Variegated Serpent-star. U. S. F. C—Gulf of Maine. 86. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman. Sars' Serpent-star. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, 45 fath. 87. Ophioglypha Sarsii Lyman. Dry. Sars' Serpent-star. U. S. F. C—Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., about 200 fath. 88. Astrophyton Agassizii Stimp. Basket-fish. U. S. F. C. —Off Cape Cod, Mass. CRINOIDEA. 89. Antedon dentatum (say) V. (= Sarsii D. & K.). See No. 187, page 303.) Feather Star. U. S. F. C.--75 miles S. of Nantucket, 146 fath. COELENTERATA. ANTHOZOA. 90. Fennatula aculeata Dan. Spiny Sea-feather. U. S. F.C—82 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 202 fath. 91. Acanella Normaui Verrill. Jointed Bush-coral. U. S. F.C—Off Martha's Vineyard, about 200 fath. 92. Primnoa reseda Verrill. Bush-coral. U. S. F. C—Fishing Banks, off Nova Sco- tia. 93. Urticina nodosa Verrill. Warty Sea-rose. U. S. F. C—80 miles S. of Martha's Vino- yard, 160 fath. 94. Epizoanthus americanus VerriU. U. S. F.C—75 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 86 fath. 95. Epizoanthus paguriphila VerrilL U.S.F.C—87 miles S. of Martha's Vine- yard, 86 fath. HYDROIDEA. 96. Obelia geniculata Hincks. U. S. F. C—Off Block Island, R. L, 13 fath. 97. Diphasia faliaz Agassi z. U. S. F. C—Eastport Harbor, Me., 15 fath 98. Globiceps tiarella Ayres. U. S. F. C—Newport Harbor, R. I. PORIFERA. SILICEA. 99. Chalina oculata Bowerb. Dry. Finger-sponge. U. S. F. C.—Narragansett Bay, R. I. 100. Suberites compacta Verrill. Dry, U. S. F. C.—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. 101. Cliona sulphurea Verrill. Boring Sponge. U. S. F. C—Buzzard's Bay, Mass. PROTOZOA. RHIZOPODA. 102. Astrorhiza arenacea (Sch.) U. S. F. C—20 miles S. E. of Block Island, B. I., 28 fath. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CATAIiOOlTE OF A COfil^ErTIOIV OF" JAPAIVESE WOOWS 1»KESE1VTE1> TO THE IJIVITED STATES NATIOIVAli MUSEiriM BY THE UNIVEKSIT V OF TOKIO, JAPAIV. The collection of woods recently presented to tlie National Mnsenm by the University of Tokio, a catalogue of which is herewith presented, has been prepared in a very unique and artistic manner. Each kind of wood is represented by a polished panel about 9 by 12 inches in dimen- sion, upon which are painted, in color, accurate delineations of the leaves, flowers, and fruit of the tree. Each panel is framed between strips of wood sawn from the outer portion of the tree, and covered with bark provided with corner pieces, which are round blocks cut transversely from branches an inch or more in diameter. The catalogue of this collection has been prepared by Mr. Lester F. Ward, who has supplied the modern approved names for such species as are labeled with the older synonyms. In a few cases no authority could be found for the name given, while in others the species are not named and have been provisionally determined. MAGNOLIACE^. 1. Illicium anisatum, L. 2. Magnolia hypoleuca, Sieb. & Zucc. BIXINE^. 3. Idesia polycarpa, Maxim, TERNSTRCEMIACE^. 4. Eurya Japonica, Thunb. 5. Stuartia monadelpJia, Sieb. & Zucc. 6. Camellia Managua, Thunb. 7. Camellia Japonica, L. MALVACE^. 8. Hibiscus Syriacus, L. TILIACE^. 9. Tilia Mandsclmrica., Maxim. KUTACE^. 10. Xantho.rylum piperitumj DC. 11. Citrus trifoliata, L. 12. Citrus milgaris{l), Eiss. SIMARUBE^. 13. Picrasma ailanthoides, Planch. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309 MELIACEiE. 14. Melia Azedaracli^ Adans. ILICINE^. 15. Ilex Sieholdi {?). 16. Ilex Integra,, Thunb. 17. Ilex crenata, Thunb. CELASTRINE^. 18. Euonymus Sicholdiamis, Blum. 19. Zizyphus vulgaris^ Lam. 20. Hovcnia dulcis, Thuub. KHAMNE^. SAPINDACEJE. 21. JEsciiliis tvrhinata (?). 22. Sapindus Mucorossi, Gaertu. 23. Acer palmatum, Thuub. 24. Acer spicatum (?), Lam. ANACARDIACE^ 25. Rhus semialata, Murr. 26. Rhus succedanea, L. 27. Rhus vernicifera, DC. LEGUMINOS^. 28. Sophora Japonica (?), L. 29. Gleditschia Sinensis, Lam. [G. Japonica, Lodd.] 30. Alhizzia Julihrissin, Durazz. EOSACEJE. 31. Prunus Persica, Benth. & Hook. [Amygdalus Persica, L.J 32. Prunus Mume, Sieb. & Zucc. 33. Prunus ssiori (?), Fr. 34. Prunus Japonica, Thuub. (1.) 35. Prunus Japonica, Thunb. (2.) 36. Prunus pseudo-cerasus, Steud. 37. Prunus subhirtella {%). 38. Pirus Chinensis, Eoxb. 39. Pirns communis, L., [var. Sinensis^]. 40. Phoiinia Japonica, Benth. «& Hook. 41. Photinia glabra, Maxim. 310 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CORNACE^. 42. Cormts officinalis, Sieb. & Zucc. 43. Cormis brachypoda, C. A. Mey. CAPRIFOLIACE^. 44. Samhucus racemosa, L. EBENACEJE. 45. Biospyros KaM, L. 46. Biospyros Lotus, L, STYRACEJE. 47. Styrax Japonicum, Sieb. & Zucc. OLEACE^. 48. Olea Aquifolium, Tbiinb. 49. Olea fragrans, Thuub. 50. Ligustrum Ihota, Sieb. & Zucc. 51. Ligustrum Japonicum, Thunb. SCROPHULARINE^. 52. Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. & Zucc. GESNERACE^. 53. Bidymoearpus Japonicus, Benth. & Hook. [Botlera Japonica Spreng.j VERBENACE^. 54. Vitex cannahifoUa, Sieb. & Zucc. 55. Clerodendron trichotomum, Thunb. LAURINE^. 56. Cinnamomum Lovreirii, ISlees. ELJEAGNACE^. 57. Elceagnus pungens, Thunb. URTICACEJE. 58. ZeUx'Ova acuminata, Planch. [Planera Eaki, hort.] [Zelkotva KeaU (?).] 59. Celtis Sinetisis, Pers. 60. Aphananthe aspera, Planch. 61. Morus alba, L. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311 JUGLANDE^. (52. Jtujlans Sieholdinno, Maxim. 03. Ju(/h(us Mandchourica, Maxim. 04. Pterocarya rhoifolia, Sieb. & Zucc. CUPULIFERiE.' 05. Ahnis marithna., Niittl 00. AbiHH hwana^ L. 07. Qaercus dentata, Thunb. 08. Qiicn'ii.'i gJanduJifera, Bluine, 09. Qucrciis ,serrata, Thunb. 70. Quercus glabra, Timub. 71. QucrcHfi acuta, Thunb. (1.) 72. Qnercus acuta, Thunb. (2.) 73. Quercus glauca, Thunb. 74. Qnercus cuspidata, Thunb. 75. Castanea vulgaris, Lam. SALICINE^. 70. Salix Biirgeriana (!). CONIFERS. 77. Thuya sqnarrosa, Beutli & Hook. [Relinospora squarrosa, Sieb. & Zucc] [Thuyopsis squarrosa (?).J 78. lliiiya oritntaUs, L. [Biota orientalis, Don.] 79. Thnya ohtusa, Mill. [Betinospora ohtusa, Sieb. & Zucc] [Chauuccyparis ohtusa, Endl.] 80. Thuya pisifcra, Beuth. &, Hook. [Jietinospora pisifera, Sieb. & Zucc] [Chanta'cyp!!« IN THE UIVITED !9TAT£S NATIONAL. MUSEUM. By ROBERT RIOGWAY. The following list includes all the species of extra-American birds at present represented in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, numbered, named, and classified according to Gray's "Hand-list."* The object of this list is to render apparent the desiderata of the National Museum in the way of Old World birds, so that museums or individuals desiring to make exchanges may know what species are wanted. Genera and subgenera not now in the collection, are the chief desiderata, and as many as possible of them are desired, especially of forms belonging or nearly related to groups which :ire represented iu the American avian fauna. Fam. GYP^TID^ (I, p. 1). 1. Gypaetus barbatus. Fam. VULTURID^. Subfam. Vulturin.^ (I, p. i). 3. Vultur monachus. 5. Otogyps auricularis. 8. Gyps fulvus. 11. bengalensis. Subfam. Neopiironin^ (I, p. 4). 21. Neophron percnopterus. Fam. FALCONID^. Subfam. BuTEOXiNiE (I, p. 6). 36. Buteo vulgaris. 38. plumipes. (Juv.) 81. Archibnteo lagopus. 84. asiaticus. (Juv.) 85. hemilasius. (Juv.) Subfam. Aquilint^ (I, p. 10). 87. Aquila chrysaetos. 88. im peri alls. 91. clanga. 92. najvia. 99. Pseudaetus bonelli. 100. Hieraaetus pennatus. 119. Circaetus gallicus. 128. Spilornis holospilus. 131. Pandion haliaetus. 139. Poliornis poliogenys. (Juv.) 144. Haliaeetus albicilla. 146. Thalassoaetns pelagicus. (Juv.) * Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those contained in tiie British Museum. By G. R. Gray, F. R. S., etc., Assistant Keeper of the Zoological Collections. 3 vols. 8vo, London : 18G9-1871. 318 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149. Cunciiraa lencogaster. 150. vocifer. 153. Helotarsus ecaudatus. (Juv.) 155. Haliastur iudus. 157. spheiiurus. Subfam. FALCONiNiE (I, p. 18). IGO. Hierofaico gyrfalco. (Juv. ouly!) 165. Falco orientalis. 176. Gennaia saker. (Juv.) 180. Hypotriorchis sublniteo. 181. lunulatus. 182. Dissodectes concolor. 192. JEsalon regulus. 199. leracidea berigora. 200. occidentalis. 201. Harpe uovai-zealaudiiB. 203. Tinuuuculus alaudarius. 207. newtoiii. 209. ceucbroides. 213. Erytbropus vespertinus. 214. amurenais. ( agodaruni. 6293. malabaricus. 6299. Sturnia sinensis. 6301. pyrrhogenys. 6306. Sturnus vulgaris. 6307. unicolor. 6309. cineraceus. 6316. Creadion caninculatus. 6318. Heterolocha gouldii. Subfam. Buphagin^ (II, p. 22). 6319. Buphaga africana. Subfam. Juidin^ (II, p. 23). 6328. Lamprocolius auratus. 6329. sijlendidus. 6352. Spreo bicolor. 6357. Pyrrbocheira morio. 6363. Aplonis tabuensis. 6364. cassini. (Type.) 6367. atronitens. 6369. caledonicus. 6370. brevirostris. (Type.) 6376. Calornis metallica. 6388. atrifusca. (Type.) Fam. PLOCEID^. Subfam. Plocein^ (II, p. 40). 6575. Oriolinus olivaceus. 6613. Ploceus philippensis. 6633. Oryx capensis. Subfam. ViDUiNiE (II, p. 47). 6664, Videstrelda paradisca. Subfam. Spermestin^ (II, p. 49). 6685. Estrelda astrild. 6707. bengalus. 6710. amandava. 6724. modesta. 6725. rnficauda. 6740. phaeton. 6762. Munia malabarica. 67G6. jagori. . topela (Hainan). 6767. Donacola castaneothorax. 6776. Padda oryzivora. 6781. Lonchura acuticanda. 6789. Stegauopleura guttata. 6790. c.tstanotis. 6793. Stictoptera bicbenovi. 6794. ^giutlia temporalis. 6796. Zonaigintbus bellus. 6801. Amblyuurapealei. (Typeofjjrasi'wa Peale.) 6802. cyanovireus. (Type.) Fam. FRINGILLID^. Subfam. Frixgillin^ (II, p. 80). 7166. Fringilla coelebs. 7168. moutifringilla. 7171. Carduelis elegans. 7177. Chrysoraitris spinus. 7201. ? citrinella. 7203. totta. 7206. Dryospiza serinus. 7219. Ligurinus cliloris. 7221. kawariba. 7222. sinica. 7243. Petronia diadema. 7251. Moutifringilla nivalis. 7257. Passer domesticus. 7258. montanus. 7269. italiai. 7270. rnfipectus. (?) Subfam. Cocothraustin^ (II, p. 87). 7286. Cocothraustes vulgaris. 7287. japonicus. 7293. Eophona melanura. Subfam. Pyrrhulin^ (II, p. 99). 7477. Pyrrhula rubicilla. 7481. coccinea. 7488. Critbagra butyracea. 7493. canicollis. 7507. Carpodacus erythrinus. 7522. Propasser roseus. 7523. Bucauites githagineus. Subfam. Spermophilin^ (II, p. 102). 7529. Uragus sibiricns. Subfam. Loxian^ (II, p. 108). 7632. Loxia curvirostra. 7633. pityopsittaca. 7637. ta»nioptera. 7639. Piuicola euucleator. 326 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. '7G45. Linaria cannabina. 7646. llavirostris. 7649. ^giothus linaria. 76.")8. Leucosticte arctoa. 7659. brnuueonucha. Subfam. Emberizix^ (n,p. 111). 7675. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327 P196. Vini fringillaceus. 8193. Pliigys solitarius. Subfara. Trichoglossix>e (II, p. 155). 8210. Triclioglossus nibritorqnis. 8211. novaj-liollandijB. 8214. massena. 8217. cblorolepidotus. 8224. Ptilosclera versicolor. 8225. Nanodes discolor. 8226. Glossopsitta concinna. 8227. * pnsilla. 8228. porpbyrocepbala. 8239. Eclectus liunaei. 8240. rorratus. 8243. Muscariuus polycblorus. (?) 8247. Tanygnatbus liicionensis. (?) Subfam. Nestorin^e (II, p. 158). 8252. Nestor meridioualis. Subfam. Psittacinje (II, p. 159). 83'^0. Psittinus incertus. Fam. CACATUID^. Subfam. Cacatuin/e (II, p. 168). 8383. Calopsitta uovse-bollandiae. 8384. Cacatua btematuropygia. 8391. galerita. 8399. Lopbocbroa leadbeateri. 8400. sauguiuea. 8401. Eolopbus roseicapillus. Subfam. CALYPTORHYNCHIXiE (II, p. 170). 8405. Calj'ptorbyncbus bankai. 8408. Kolandri. 8410. funereus. 8412. Callocephalon galeatus. Fam. STRIGOPID^. 8416. Strigops babroptilus. Fam. CAPITONIDJS. Subfam. Pogoxoriiyxchix.e (II, p. 172). 8418. Pogonorbyucbus dubius. 8422. torquatns. 8425. leucomelas. Subfam. Megalaimin^ (II, p. 173). 8432. Megalaima vireus. 8433. versicolor. 8435. cbrysopogon. 8436. niystacopbauos. 8437. heurici. 8438. aruiillaris. 8442. Cyanops asiatica. 8445. Xantboltema rosea. 8448. bajmacepbala. 8450. duvaucellii. 8454. Cbotorea corviua. 8457. caniceps. 8459. viiidis. 8479. Calorbampbus latbami. 8487. Psilopogon pyrolopbus. Fam. PICID.^. Subfam. Picix.E (II, p. 181). 8536. Picoides tridactylus. 8540. crissoleucus. (?) 8541. PicuH major. 8552. Dendrodromas leuconotus. 8555. Deudrocoptes medius. 8558. Xylocopus miuor. 8577. Yungipicus sclntilliceps. 8588. moluecensis. 8831. Keinwardtipicus validus. 8834. Dryocoi>us martius. 8343. Obrysocoloptes sultaneus. 8r)57. Mesopicus menstruus. 8666. Hemicircus sordidus. 8667. coucretus. 8871. Gecinus viridis. 8676. gueriui. 8877. cauus. 8(>82. Cbiysopblegma miniata. 8686. mentalis. 8887. puuicea. 8707. Tbriponax javensis. 8746. Bracbypternus puucticollis. 8755. Gauropicoides rafflesi. Subfam. Colaptixje (II, p. 202). 8838. Meiglyptes tristis. (?) 8839. gramiiiitborax. 8840. Mlcropteruus pbaioceps. (?) 884J. brunneus. 8844. squamigularis. Subfam. YuxGix^ (II,'P- 204). 8848. Yuux torquilla. Fam. CUCULID^. Subfam. Ixdicatorin.e (II, p. 204). 8854. Indicator variegatus. Subfam. PniEXicoPiiAiNiN^ (II, p. 205). 8887. Rbampbococcyx curvirostris. 8~71. Leptngrammus cumingii. 8373. Zanclostonuis javauicus. 8881. Rbododytes diardi. 8884. sumatranus. 8885. Rhinortba cbloropba?a. 328 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Subfam. CEXTROPODiNiE (II, p. '212). 8356. Centrococcyx viridis. 8955. sinensis. 8980. Nesoccntor melanops. 8982. Polophilus phasianns. 8983. macrourus. Subfam. CucuLiN^ (II, p. 215). 8985. Cnculus cauonis. 900fi. Nicoclarius canorinus. 9007. optatus. 9008. tenuirostris. 9013. Cacomautis pallidas. 9015. Ololygon lugubris. 9016. menilinus. 9017. threnodes. 9019. sonneratii. (?) 9020. flabelliformis. 9027. simns. (Type.) 9028. broDzinus. 9042. Lamprococcyx lacidus. 90ii0. Coccystes glandarius. 9061. coromandus. 9069. Eudynainis malayana. (?) 9070. minandensis. 9071. cyanocephala. 9072. • orieutalis. 9077. taitiensis. 9078. Scythrops novse-hollandise. Fam. COLUMBID^. Snbfam. Treronin^ (II, p. 222). 9090. Crocopus cblorogaster. (?) 9091. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329 Fnm. MEGAPODID^. Subfaiu. Talegallin^ (II, p. 254). 9537. Talegallua latliami. Subfam. MEGAPODiXiE (II, p. 255). 9547. Megapodius tumulus. Fam. PHASIANIDJi:. Subfam. Pavonine (II, p. 255). 9560. Pavo cristatus. 95G3. Polyplectron bicalcaratum. 9572. Argusianus giganteus. Subfam. Phasianin^e (II, p. 257). 9574. Pliasianus colchicus. 9575. torquatus. 9577. versicolor. 9585. Chrysoloplius pictus. 9587. Pucrasia macrolopha. 9589. xanthospila. 9597. Euplocomus vieilloti. 9.599. Acomus pyronotus. 9601. Gallophasis albocristatus. 9602. leucomelanos. 9607. Genmeus nycthemerus. Subfam. Gallinj;; (II, p. 261). 9614. Gallus ferrugineus. 9616. sonnerati. 9620. Creagrius varius. (?) 9621. Cerioruis satyrus. Subfam. Numidix^ (II, p. 262). 9629. Numida meleagris. Fam. TETRAONIDJE. Subfam. Peudicin^ (II, p. 263). 9647. Pternistes nudicollis. 9652. afer. 9660. Scleroptera africana. (?) 9680. Francolinus vulgaris. 9881. chinensis. 9C.88. Perdix cinerea. 9705. Coturnix communis. 9707. coromandelica. 9708. pectoralis. 9711. Synoicus australis. 9715. Perdicula cambayensis. (?) 9720. Microperdix erj'throrbyucha. 9721. Excalfactoria cbinensis. (?) Subfam. Rollulin^ (II, p. 269). 9726. Rollulus roulronl. 9727. Melanopcrdix niger. Subfam. Turxicixa: (II, p. 270). 9729. Turuix sylvatica. 9743. varia. 9749. Areoturnix puguax. Subfam. Caccabinin^ (II, p. 274). 9801. Lerwa nivicola. 9802. Caccabis saxatilis. 9803. grtpca. 9805. chukar. 9H06. rufa. 9811. Alectoris petrosa. 9813. Ammoperdix heyi. 9815. Tetraogallus himalayensis. Subfam. Tetraoninj^ (II, p. 275). 9819. Totrao urogallus. 9821. hybridus. 9822. Lyrurus tetrix. 9832. Tetrastes betuliuus. 9835. Lagopus scoticus. 9837. mutus. Fam CASUARIID^. Subfam. DnoMAiiXiE (III, p. 2). 9845. Dromaius novaj-hollandise. Subfam. Casuariix^ (III, p. 2). . Casuarius (undetermiued). Fam. APTERYGID^ (III, p. 3). 9853. Apteryx australis. 9855. oweni. Fam. OTIDID^ (III, p. 7). 9913. Otis tarda. 9914. Tetrax campestris. 9921. Choiiotis australis. 9930. Afrotis afra. 9937. Houbara uudulata. 9938. macqueeui. Fam. CHARADRIID^. Subfam. ffioicxEMiN^ (III, p. 9). 9939. (Edicnemis crepitans. 9947. Burhinus grallarius. 9948. Esacus magnirostris. Subfam. Charadriin-E (III, p. 10). 9950. Vauellus cristatus. 9953. Cbettusia gregaria. 9954. wagleri. 9959. Lobi vauellus indica. 9961. lobata. 330 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9969. Hoplopterus spinosus. 9976. Sarciophorns pectoralis. 9978. Stepbanibyx melanopterns. 998fJ. Charadrius apricarius. 9984. lougipes. (Winter i^l. only.) 9985. fulvus. (Winter pi. and young only!) 9989. Eudromias nioriuellus. 9991. australis. 9992. verediis. 9993. Cirreiiidesmus geoffroyi. 9994. mougolicus. 9995. pyrrbothorax. 9998. ^gialites hiaticula. 9999. fluviatilis. 10000. i>bilippiuus. 10002. tricollaris. 10008. nigrifrons. 10013. Ocbtbodromus bicinctus. 10014. Leucopolius marginatus. 10016. kittlitzi. 10(t20. Jear to be chiefly of an individual '"haracter, though there is much variation both in size aad colors among the different specimens. DESCRIPTBOi'V OF A 1VE\%^ Fff.Y-CATCIIKR AIVIW A SUPPOSTD NEW PETCiEli FBOM TBiE SA1VI>\VJ€EI ISI^AiVUS. By ROBEIRT RIDG^ AY. Chasiempis sclateri, sp. no v. Sp. ch.—Above dull ferruginous, more umber on the back, more ru- fescent on the rump and upper tail coverts ; sides of head and neck, cliiu, throat, and breast bright ochraceous-rufous ; rest of lower parts pure white, the sides tinged with rufous ; wings and tail dusky, the middle and greater coverts tipped with pale ferruginous, producing two distinct bands; secondaries edged with pale dull rusty ; inner Avcbs of rectrices (except middle pair) tipped with white, this about .40 of an inch wide on the lateral pair and decreasing in extent towarair. Bill, legs, and feet (including webs) deep black; wing, 5.S0-G.30 ; tail, 3.00-3.15 ; bill (measured in straight line fi om base of (ndmen to point of the maxilla), .00; tarsus, .85-90; middle toe, with claw, .85-.90. Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 22 JUarch 29, 1883. 338 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eah.—Waiinea Kaui, Sandwicli Islands {Y. Knudsen). (Types, Nos. 41949 and 41950, coll. U. S. J^at. Mus.) This fourth species of Cymochorea is very different from C. leucorrhoa (the only other having white on the tail -coverts), in several very im- portant particulars, as follows: (1) The upper tail-coverts are pure white, terminated by a baud of black .35-.o0 of an inch wide; (2) the rectrices (excejjt the middle pair) are distinctly white at the base, though this white is concealed by the coverts ; (3) the greater wing- «overts and outer webs of the tertials are much darker, offering less decided contrast with the general color of the wings; (4) the tail is much less deeply forked, the depth of the fork not exceeding .30 of an inch, whereas in C. leucorrhoa it amounts to about .75 of an inch. In other respects the two species are much alike. This bird is a true Ci/mochorea, having very prominent nasal tubes, the outer toe longer than the middle, the tarsus about equal to the mid- dle toe (with claw), and the first primary shorter than the fourth as in the tyi)ical species of that genus. UESCKIPTIOIVS OF THIKTV-TIBREE NEM^ Sff»ECBES OF FBSHES FKOM MA ZATIVAN, MEXICO. By DAVID S. JORDArV as^d CE1ABI.ES H. GILBEKT. During the fall and winter of 1880-81, Mr. Gilbert si)ent ten weeks at Mazatlan, on the west coast of Mexico, in making collections of fishes for the United States National Museum. Que hundred and seventy species were obtained, of which the following appear to be new to science: 1. Clvpea stolifera. 2. Pristigaster lutipinnis. 3. Stole2)honis ischanns. Stolephorus lucuhis. Stolepliorus exiguus. Stolephorus curtus. Stolephorus miarchus. 8. Synodus scituUceps. 9. Murcuna pinta. 10. Murcena pintita. Ophichthys xysturus. Ophichthys zophochir. Miirwnesox coniceps. AtherineUa eriarcha. Caranx vinctus. Serranus calopteryx. Lutjanus Colorado. 4. 5. 6. 7. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Lutjanus prieto. 19. Micropogon ectcnes. 20. Sciwna icistia. 21. Scorus perrico. 22. Pomacanthus crescentalis. 23. Gobiesox zebra. 24. Gobiesox cos. 25. Gobiesox crythrops. 20. Gobiesox adustus. 27. Gobiosoma zosterurum. 28. Cliuus zonifer. 29. Tripterygium carminaJe. 30. Salarias chiostictus. 31. Fierasfcr arenicola. 32. Etropns crossotris. 33. Malthe elater. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, odd 1. Clupea stolifera, sp. nov. (SSlSfi.) Allied to Ch(2)€a lile, C. & V. Body dcepj much compressed; the dorsal outline with a slight curve j ventral outline more strongly arched ; body deepest immediately before dorsal tin. Ilead short, preopercular margin subvertical ; opercle but little oblique, evenly curved. Mouth very small, oblique; maxillary reaching to l)elow front of pupil ; lower Jaw longer than the upper, which is scarcely emarginate; tip of lower jaw not reaching level of up[)er Ijrolile of snout. Both jaws with a few very small, weak, deciduous teeth ; none on vomer or palatines; tongue with a very distinct linear patch. Gill-rakers slender and numerous, the longest about three-fifths diarneter of orbit ; about 29 on anterior limb of arch. p]ye large, longer than snout and more than one-third length of head. Dorsal fin inserted anteriorly, its origin nearer end of snout than base of caudal, by a ditstance equalling one-half length of head; the first long- rays are much longer than base of tin, which is about three-fifths length of head. Anal fin short and Ioav ; distance of its oiigin from base of caudal equals height of body. Caudal scarcely longer than head, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Pectorals reaching two thirds distance to root of ventrals, 1^- in head. Ventrals inserted nearly under first dorsal ray, their length 1| in head. Scales smooth, firm, closelj" adherent, their edges entire; a very narrow sheath of scales along bases of dorsal and anal fins; caudal fin scaled for one-half its length. Ventral scutes very strongly developed, run- ning from thorax to front of anal, the posterior with strong spines; L7 in front of ventral fins, 1-J behind them. Head, 4f in length to base of caudal; depth, 3^. D. 14; A. IG; L. lat. 40; L. trausv. 11. Color translucent ; sides with silvery luster; each scale on back with marginal half black-punctate; a dark line along median line of back, becoming distinctly blackish on tail; snout greenish above, its tip ann the anterior and lower parts of the head the ground color is reduced to mere reticulations around the spots. Space about gill-opening dusky 346 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSUEM. Fins.colored like the region to which they beloug; the dorsal anteriorly witli a median row of oblong spots. The specimen described (No. 28238 U. S. IS'at. Mus.) is 18 inches long. This species is very abundant among the rocks in the harbor of Ma- zatlan, where numerous specimens were obtained. It is known to the Mexican fishermen as Anguila pinta. (From the Latin pimcta, i. c, punc- tate.) Another specimen (29359) was obtaiued by Lieutenant ^Nichols at San Josef Island. 10. Murasna pintita, sp. iiov. (28311 U. S. Nat. Mus.) Subgenus Gtimnothorax ; allied to Murcvna dovii Giinther, but differing in color and proportions. Tail longer than body, by about two-thirds the length of the head; distance from snout to anterior edge of gill opening contained 2f times in length of truidc. Eye above middle of cleft of mouth; diameter of orbit slightly Ihss than half length of snout. Clelt of mouth rather more than two-fifths length of head. Teeth all uniserial ; those in sides of lower jaw small, compressed, dir^rcted backward, of nearly equal size, some of the posterior larger than the iuiterior; front of lower jaw with 4 to 6 moderate, movable canines. Sides of u])per jaw with some fixed canines among the smaller teeth ; premaxiilaries with two rather small movable canines ; four small conical teeth in front. Vomer with two large movable canines, distant from each other, the posterior the larger. Mouth capable of being nearly closed. Tubes of anterior nostrils short, scarcely equaling half the diameter of orbit. Posterior nostrils without tubes. Gill-slit one-third wider than orbit. Dorsal fin beginning much in front of gill-slit. Coloration : Chestnut-brown ; ni^jier parts of body and tail with nu- merous yellow nou-ocellated dots, the largest much smaller than pupil, most of them being minute dots. Dorsal colored like the back. Anal plain brown, becoming darker posteriorly. Head without spots; longi- tudinal furrows under throat, black. A single example, 19 inches in length, was taken among the rocks near Mazatlan; the species is called Anguihi p'nUta by the fishermen. 11. Ophichthys xysturus, sp. uov. (28142,28247,29642.) Subgenus Pisodontophis ; allied to 0. macnlosvs (Cuv.). Teeth all more or less blunt and granular ; a band of three or four series, on each side of lower jaw; a band of two rows, on each side of upper jaw ; vomer with a long series divided into two for about half its length. Anterior nasal tubes conspicuous, turned downward. Eye 2^ in snout; front of eye above middle of gape, the length of which is a little more than one third of head; the angle of mouth well behind eye. Inter- orbital wiilth about § length of the rather long and slender snout, which projects much beyond lower jaw, the tip of the latter about reaching middle of snout. PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347 Leugtli of head eontained 4^ times in that of the trunk ; head and trunk together shorter than tail, and contained 2^ to 2^ times irj total length. Pectoral very small, its length about equal to depth of gill- opening. Dorsal beginning close behind nape, much in front of gill- opening; fins lo^v; tail pointed, the tip sharp. Color light olive ; sides each with three series of large round brown si)0ts, those of the two upper series of equal size, those of lower scarcely half as large, faint, and often obsolete anteriorly; the spots irregular in their arrangement, those of the upper series usually' twice as numerous as those of the next; those of the upper series along base of dorsal flu extending i^artly on the base of the tin; lower series of spots along base of anal, some of them extending on the tin or even entirely upon it; on the belly are sometimes small dark spots scarcely arranged in series. Dorsal tin with a terminal series of dark spots, which are i>artly con- fluent, the fin narrowly margined with w^hite. Anal reddish, with a lighter margin. Pectoral with a blackish blotch. Head covered with round black spots, which become smaller and more numerous towards the snout. Lower jaw with dark spots. Iris light yellow. Several specimens, from 1 to 2 feet in length, were obtained. 1-2. Ophichthys zophochir, sp. nov. (28280, 28277, 29220, 29239.) Allied to Ophicuthys parilis (Richardson) Giinther. Cleft of mouth wide, the snout much overlapping the loAver jaw; length of ga|)e from tip of snout to angle of mouth contained 2^ times in length of head. Teeth small, sharp, subequal, in two someAvhat irreg- ular rows on each of the dentigerous bones ; points of the teeth diieced backwards; no canines; patch of vomerine teeth long, the two series converging backwards. Eye large, its diameter two-thirds the inter- orbital width, which is slightly less than length of snout. Anterior pair of nostrils at end of anterior third of snout, in a short tube, which is less than oiio-third diameter of orbit and widened at ti]>. Posterior nostrils large, below the anterior margin of the orbit, not tubular, bub the margin with free dermal flaps. Gill-opening one-third wider than eye, its upper edge slightly above middle of base of pectoral; length of slits slightly greater than the isthmus between them. Tail long, very nearly twice as long as rest of body. Length of head contained 2} times in that of trunk. Pectoral fin well developed, its length 2i in length of head, in adults; proportionally longer in the young. Doisal tin beginning slightly in advance of ti}) of pectorals, well developed, the rays distinct. Tip of tail finless, moderately acute. Color olive brown, becoming jialer on sides, whitish below; snout and mandible blackish, yellowish brown anteriorly; mandible with a series of Idack pores below: throat yellowish, the color extending up on the opercles. Pectoral blackish, its base pale. Anal with the distal half black. Dorsal with a broad black margin. Length about two feet. 348 PROCEEDINGS' OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. This species is rather common in the rocks abont Mazatlan, where it is known to the fishermen as '' Anguila hlanca." Several specimens are in the collection. 13. Mursenesox coniceps, si>. nov. (28136, 28141, 28212.) Body compressed, stoutish, head twice in length of trunk. Snout slender, conical, rather pointed, nearly half longer than broad at front of eyes, the distance between anterior nostrils less than half its length; cleft of mouth from tip of snout 2.^ in length of head ; upper jaw project- ing beyond the lower; teeth all erect, not very large or sharp and with- out evident basal lobes ; teeth in jaws small, compressed, blunt, triserial, those in the inner series much the lai-gest; teeth in outer series very small and blunt; teeth in front of jaws largest, sharp, forming small canines which are shorter than the i)iipil ; about 23 large teeth in each side of lower jaw; middle series of vomerine teeth compressed, without basal lobes, about ten in number ; the outer teeth blunt, much smaller. Both uostiils without tubes, the anterior with a narrow free rim. Eye large, 2 in snout, li in interorbital width, its front much nearer angle of mouth than tip of snout; anterior nostril nearer tip of snout. Gill- opening beginning below upi)er edge of pectoral, its length greater than the distance between the two openings. Dorsal beginning above gill- opening, moderately high, its longest rays equal to length of eye and snout. Tail about one-third longer than head and body. Pectorals nearly as long as head, a little longer than cleft of mouth from tip of upper jaw. Lateral line very distinct. Clear olive brown above, dull whitish below with olive tint; dorsal olive brown ; anal dusky; both fins with a black margin becoming wider posteriorly; the caudal nearly uniform black; pectorals black, light olive at base; iris grayish silvery. This species is not very common among the rocks in Mazatlan Har- bor, and is not distinguished by the fishermen by any peculiar name. It reaches a length of tJiree feet, and, in common with the other species at Mazatlan, is occasionally eaten but not highly valued. The specimen here described (Ko. 28136 U. S. Xat. Mus.) is about 2 feet long. This species was also obtained at Panama. 14. Atherinella eriarcha, sp. nov. (29243.) Body comparatively deep, deepest at base of pectorals, strongly com- pressed. Head short, less compressed than the body, the snout very short, blunt, and rounded in profile; maxillary very slender, almost reaching the vertical from anterior margin of pupil; cleft of mouth oblique, curved, the lower jaw included. Eye very large, 2J in head in the type specimen. Premaxillaries very protractile, narrow. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, rather strong, recurved; none on vomer or i)alatines. Gill-rakers long and slender. First dorsal very short, its origin slightly behind origin of anal ; of three very slender weak spines. Space between first and second dorsal PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 349 three fifths length of head. Second dorsal beginning over middle of anal, terminating slightly in advance of its last ray; the first rays high- est. Origin of anal considerably nearer snout than base of caudal. Base of anal oblique, the anterior rays much highest, the posterior very short. Caudal deeply forked. Ventrals short, not reaching front of anal. Pectorals verj'^ broad and short, slightly falcate, scarcely longer than distance from snout to posterior margin of pupil. Scales adherent, with entire edges. Color transparent, with a wide, very sharply-defined, silvery band along sides, mai glued above by a narrow dark line; this band abinptly coiuitricted near the middle of the caudal peduncle and again widened at base of tail into a silvery blotch without dark edging; opercles and branchiostegals silvery; lips i)unctulate with black dots; silvery peri- toneum showing through walls of abdomen; caudal dusted with black j a black point at base of each dorsal and anal ray. Head, 4 in length; depth, 4^-. D. III-I, 12; A. I, 27; Lat. 1. 36; L. trans. 7. We refer this species to the genus Atherinella of Steiudachner, with- out raising the question of the distinction of the latter group from Atherina pro[>er. Atherinella eriarcha is known to us from a single young specimen (Xo. 29243 U. S. Nat. Mus.),2J inches in length, found in a rock pool at Mazatlan. It is distinguislied from A. panamenais Steind. by numerous characters, notably the much longer anal and shorter pectoral tins. 15. Caranx vinctus, sp. nov. (28365, 28366.) Allied to C. cibi Poey. Body elongate, elliptical, compressed, upper profile evenly arched from snout to caudal peduncle, tiie lower nearly rectilinear from snout to origin of anal fin ; upper profile slightly carinate anteriorly. Width of cheek about equal to diameter of eye. Mouth moderately oblique, the jaws subequal, the lower scarcely included; intermaxillaries ante- riorly about on a level with axis of body, just below level of lower margin of eye; maxillary reaching vertical from front of orbit, 3 in head; teeth very small, blunt, in a narrow band in each jaw, becoming a single series in sides of mandible; the outer series slightly enlarged; teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue similar to those on jaws. Gill-rakers very long, numerous; the longest, two-thirds diameter of orbit, their number about 10-27. Eye large, less than length of snout, about equaling interorbital width, 4 in head. Adipose eyelid moderately developed. Preopercle with its posterior margin very oblique, the angle broadly rounded. Pre- orbital thin, its least width three- tilths diameter of orbit. Spinous dorsal well developed, the spines high and flexible ; the antrorse spine well developed; the iburth spine the longest, the fifth but little shorter ; those posterior rapidly de;'reasing ; the fourth spine equals two- fifths length of head; length of longest dorsal ray less than one half 350 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lengtli of head. Anal spines strong; tlie soft rays a little lower than those of dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal entirely received within a mem- branaceous scaly sheath, which is two-fifths the height of the median dorsal rays, and terminates before the ends of the fins, leaving the last two rays free; the two fins not falcate, the rays regularly decreased from the first. Pectorals very long, falcate, reaching much beyond the origin of the anal, and to the twelfth lateral scute; the fins one-third length of body. Ventrals reaching to or slightly beyond the vent, which is nearly equidistant from their inner axil and from second anal spine. Caudal lobes not falcate, the upper slightly the longer, a little less than length of head. Lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly, the width of which is less than one-half the straight portion; the depth of the curve about one- fourth its width. Plates very strongly developed, extending the whole length of straight portion of lateral line, which begins under first dor- sal rays. Top of head, o])ercles, jaws, and preorbital scaleless or with a very few scattering scales ; cheeks scaly, breast entirely covered with fine scales ; membrane of caudal fin with series of scales. D. y III-I, 24 ; A. II-I, 19 ; Lat. 1. 48. Head 3i ; depth 3. Color dusky-bluish above, silvery below, with golden and greenish refiections; eight or nine vertical dark half-bars descend from back to below lateral line, the widest about equaling diameter of orbit, and more than twice as wide as the light interspaces ; breast blackish; head dusky; end of snout black; a distinct black blotch on upper angle of o])ercle. Fins somewhat dusky: pectoral without spot; anal white at tip. Common at Mazatlan, but not one of the most abundant fishes. Xu- jnerous specimens are in the collection. IG. Serraniis calopteryx, sp. no v. (28123.) Allied to Serranus scriba (L.), but with shorter soft dorsal. Body ellijjtical, little elevated, the dorsal outline gently arched. Snout sharp; lower jaw distinctly longest; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of pupil, or beyoiid ; interorbital space somewhat concave and ridged. Teeth small, cardiform, two small canines in front of lower jaw; four in front of upper jaw ; the inner series of teeth somewhat enlarged, containing 2 or 3 large fixed canines in the jniddle of sides of lower jaw, these larger than the canines in front. Strong teeth on vomer and palatines. No supplemental maxillary bone. Gill-rakers short, few in number', about 8 in all. Preopercle nearly evenly rounded, the posterior margin nearly vertical and, as well as the angle, very finely, evenly, and sharj)]y serrated, the serrtie on angle scarcely larger ; the lower limb nearly entire. Opercle ending in three compressed spines, the middle the largest, the membrane extending much beyond them. Scales well ctenoid, on cheeks small, in about 11 rows; opercles with about 4 series of large scales ; jaws and top of head naked. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 351 Spinous dorsal low, not notcbed, the first two spines shorter than the others, which are of equal length and shorter than the soft rays ; length of spines about equaliug distance from snout to middle of eye, 3 in head. Soft dorsal elevated, the anterior rays somewhat shorter than the posterior, the tips of which reach rudimentary caudal rays, 2i in head. Anal sjunes short and strong, the middle one stronger and slightly longer than the third ; the second about equal to dorsal spines ; anal rays more elevated than those of dorsal, the last ray the longest and about equal to two-thirds length of head. Ventrals reaching vent j pectorals slightly beyond it, two-thirds length of head; ventrals in- serted in front of axil of pectorals. Caudal short, somewhat lunate, with the outer rays produced ; the tin If in head. Dorsal and anal scaleless. Head 2f in length; depth 3^. I). X, 12; A. Ill, 7; scales O-50-15. Color: Body light olivaceous, the dorsal region with about 12 broad dark brown cross-bands extending from back to below lateral line, where they are interrupted, to reappear on the level of base of i)ectorals as a series of roundish blotches; those in front pinkish, behind brown. A light streak from nape to front of dorsal, with two i)arallel ones (usually indistinct) on each side of it. The brown bar immediately be- hind soft dorsal is replaced bj* the ground color, but the corresjiondiug brown spot on sides is present. A brownish streak from snout through eye to u^^per angle of opercle, clear brown anteriorly ; suborbital light blue, with a narrow median streak of clear brown ; numerons clear brown blotches on top of head. Base antl axil of pectorals largely pink, the fin very finely barred (veriniculated) with pink and light bine. Dor- sals reddish, with a median light streak, which disappears posteriorly on soft -dorsal; distal part of soft dorsal with numerous small dark brown spots, becoming light pink j)osteriorly and alternating with similar spots of whitish or light blue. A dark brown spot at base of ventrals ; one below base of pectorals, and one in front of the latter at margin of gill-opening. Caudal brown at base and on outer rays, pink on inner rays, vermicnlated with iriegular narrow light blue lines. Anal and ven- trals light glaucous blue, thickly marked with brownish-yellow spots. Fiv^e or six specimens of this sj)ecies were taken in a seine in the Astillero (estuary), at Mazatlan. 17. Lutjanus Colorado, sp. nov. (28:586, 28305, 28261,28383.) Body comparatively deep, highest at front of spinous dorsal, and with an angle at origin of sofc dorsal. Profile of back evenly arched to origin of dorsal fin; ventral outline rectilinear to origin of anal fin, the base of which fin is very oblique in the young, less so in the adult. Snout rather short, less acute than in L. prieto, less than one-third length of head. Maxillary reaching nearly or quite to vertical from front of pupil, 2f in head. Width of cheek from orbit to angle of preopercle 352 procj:edings of united states national museum. less than snout. Eye, in adult, half the interorbital width and two-fifths length of snout, proportionately larger in the young. Vertical margin of preopercle with minute, even, serrations for its entire leugtli. A shallow emargination above the angle, which is provided with coarser, but still inconspicuous, serrations; lower limb of preopercle smooth on its anterior half. Upper jaw with a very narrow band of villiform teeth, behind the conical teeth, which are not very large. A single pair, or more usually two unequal pairs, of canines in front of upper jaw, between which is a pair of sjnall teeth. Conical teeth in lower jaw larger than those of upper, close-set, largest in the middle of the jaw, becoming smaller in front and behind ; about 8 on each side. Vomerine teeth arranged in a crescent-shaped i)atch, without backward exteusion on the median line. Teeth on tongne in two patches, a roundish one anteriorly, usually formed by the junction of three smaller ones, and an oblong patch on the median line behind this. Gill-rakers distant, few, the longest half length of orbit, their number about 1+7. Dorsal spines strong, the fourtli the longest, the last more than half its length ; the fourth spine 2f in head, as long as the snout in the adult, a little longer in young. Soft dorsal and anal similar to each other, some of the posterior rays of each being considerably elevated, the tin thus being ijointed instead of rounded in outline. In the young these rays are much longer than the dorsal spines and slightly longer than the caudal peduncle. In the adult they are lower but still longer than the dorsal spines. Longest rays of anal about half head. Caudal not deeply emarginate. Pectorals long, acute, reaching to or beyond veut, 1^ in head. Ventrals not nearly reaching vent, as long as snout and orbit. Anal spines strong, the second rather louger than third and a little stronger, 3^ in head. Scales rather small, the scries forniing an angle at the lateral line, those below it running the more obliquely, those above lateral line form- ing nearly horizontal series, parallel with the lateral line. Scales on cheeks in about 7 rows, one row on subopercle and about 7 on opercle. Scales on breast very small, much smaller than those on opercles. Soft rays of vertical fins with accompanying series of scales. Head 2f times in length ; depth 3. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 7 ; scales o-47-ll ; tubes in lateral line 47. Coloration in life : Above dark olivaceous, each scale with the basal half dark olive brown ; sides with or without some silvery luster at bases of scales, forming when present faint, longitudinal streaks; head and lower parts of body bright red, especially bright on lower parts of head, the color extending up on the sides for a varying distance ; upper jaw and maxillary reddish ; upper parts of head dark olivaceous ; scales on sides of head without dark spots ; a much interrupted light blue line PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 353 from middle of preorbital along suborbital, rarely extending behind the orbit, much less distinct than in L. argenfivittatus, and disappearing in alcohol; cheeks sometimes with bluish spots or lines; inside of mouth red; vertical tins very dark, with more or less reddish ; spinous dorsal with a broad median streak of verj- light slaty blue; pectorals and ven- trals reddish, the latter with dusky. This species is a very abundant food-tish at Mazatlan, being seen daily in the markets. It is preferred (probably on account of its bright colors) as a market fish to the other species of Lutjanus. It reaches a weight of about 15 pounds, an«l is known to the Mexican fishermen as ''Pargo Colorado.'''' 18. Lutjanus prieto, sp. nov. (28196. •282:}1, 28253, 28384, 29567,28779, 29787.) Body comparatively elongate, the back little elevated ; profile very gently curved ; snout long and pointed, one-third length of head ; eye small, less than breadth of the wide preorbital ; maxillary V>arely reach- ing to opposite front of orbit, its length 2| in head; each jaw with a very narrow band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a single series of larger teeth; those in sides of upper jaw small; two in front, however, developed as large fang-like canines, larger than usual in this genus, their length about equal to the diameter of the pupil; a pair of smaller canhies near the middle of the upper jaw, between the large ones ; conical teeth of lower jaw distant, canine-like, 6 to 8 in number on each side, larger than in any of our other species of Lutjaiius, much larger than those on sides of upper jaw; teeth on tongue in a large oval patch, in front of which are two smaller patches; teeth on vomer forming a crescent-shaped patch, without backward prolongation on the median line. Gill-rakers few, not very large, distant, about 1+ 7. Preopercle with its posterior margin extending very obliquely forward, the angle there- fore very obtusely rounded; a broad shallow notch above the angle, the margin above the notch convex, its edge minutely serrulate; a few coarser teeth at the angle ; lower border mostly smooth. In the adult the whole margin of the preopercle is without serrations; suprascapular serrate. Posterior nostril nearly round; a single narrow band of scales extending downward and backward from occiput. Dorsal spines rather long, with sharp flexible tips, the fourth the longest, but shorter than the snout, 3^ in head ; anal spines short and strong, much stronger than dorsal spines, the second and third of nearly equal length, the second somewhat strongest, not much longer than diameter of the orbit, 4§ in head. Soft rays of anal low, 3^ in head. Caudal fin emarginate. If in head. Pectorals much longer than ventrals, extending slightly beyond them, their length 1| in head. Scales moderate firm, present on cheek, opercle, subopercle, and in a single series on interopercle. Scales above lateral line forming very Proc. Kat. Mus 81 23 iliarch 99, 1883. 354 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. oblique series running upward and backward, not parallel with the lateral line. Scales on breast not very small, smaller than those on opercle. Basal portions of vertical fins scaly. Head 2| in length {'S^ with caudal) ; depth 3f (4) ; eye 5^ in head. D. X, 13; A. Ill, 7; scales 6-45-11; lateral line with 50 tubes. Coloration : Back and sides very dark olive brown, the back with a slaty tinge, the sides often with some faint purplish ; sides paler below ; the belly and lower parts of head white. Each scale on the dorsal region with the basal half dark. Head colored like the body ; maxillary brownish, no bluish streak on preorbital. Vertical fins dark brownish; the spinous dorsal olive brown with a narrow dark streak at base and tip; anal with the margin of its first 3 rays white; pectorals olivaceous brown; ventrals dark brownish, becoming reddish at base. Inside of mouth reddish yellow. Young with the margin of spinous dorsal, and most of anal black. This species is very abundant in the harbor of Mazatlan. It reaches a weight of 15 pounds, and as a food-fish ranks high, little below the ''•Fargo ColoradoP It is known to the fishermen as ''Fargo prietoJ'^ The species of Lutjanus found at Mazatlan may be thus compared : a. Vomerine teeth forming an anchor-shaped patch, the band prolonged backward on the median line ; body rather deep, the back somewhat elevated. &. Second anal spine shorter than third; soft fins rather high; teeth weak; snout moderate ; scales above lateral line forming oblique series; a temporal as well as an occipital baud of scales; dorsal spines slender; pectoral fin long; pos- terior nostril oblong. Color red ; a large black blotch on lateral line below last dorsal spines; back aud sides with rows of dark spots following the series of scales ; fins reddish. GUTTATUS.* lb. Second anal spine longer than third ; teeth strong, the upper canines very large ; snout long and pointed, the preorbital broad ; scales above lateral line forming series parallel with the lateral line ; one narrow occipital band of scales ; dorsal spines strong ; pectoral fin long ; jjosterior nostril slit-like. Color brownish, with faint silvery streaks along the rows of scales on sides; alight blue streak along preorbital and suborbital usually interrupted and often extending on the opercle ; fins mostly pale Argentivittatus. t aa. Vomerine teeth forming a crescent-shaped patch, without prolongation on the median line. * Mesoprion guttatus Steindachuer, Ichthyol. Notiz. ix, 18, 1869, taf. viii. Mazatlan (Steind. ; Gilb.y, Panama (Gilb.). This species has been erroneously confounded with the West Indian L. synagris (L) J. & G: {—Mesoprion uninotattis C. «& V.), a species not yet known from the Pacific. i Mesoprion argentivittatus Fetets, Berlin. Monatsber. 1809,704. Mazatlan (Peters Gilb.); Acapulco {Gilb.), Panama {Gilb.). This species has been confounded with the closely-related L. caxis {Af. griseus C. & V.) of the Atlantic. The latter is best distin- guished by the direction of the rows of scales above the lateral line, which are not throughout parallel with the latter. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 355 c. Scales above the lateral line forming oblique scries; teeth very strong; lower jaw with about 8 canines, which are not much smaller than the canines of the. upper jaw ; posterior nostril nearly round ; a narrow occipital baud of scales; anal spines graduated; dorsal spines ten, rather slender; pectoral shortish^ not nearly reaching anal; soft rays rather low; body rather elongate, the back not arched. Color dark brown; ventralsand anal largely blackish.. Prieto. cc. Scales above the lateral line forming horizontal series parallel with the lateral line; teeth rather strong; the large teeth of the lower jaw not canine-like,, much smaller than the upper canines; posterior nostril oblong; occipital band of scales very narrow. d. Body rather deep, the depth about equal to length of head ; scales rather small and lirm, in five series above lateral line; second anal spine larger than third ; dorsal spines ten, rather low and strong ; soft rays of dorsal and anal high; pectorals long, about reaching anal. Color red, dusky above; a short blue streak on suborbitals; anal and ventrals largely dusky Colorado. dd. Body elongate, the back not elevated, the depth less than length of head; scales large and rather thin, in four series above lateral line ; dorsal spines- eleven, high and slender; second anal spine smaller than third; soft dorsal and anal low ; pectorals much longer tliau ventrals, but not reaching vent. Color brown, with broad silvery stripes along the rows of scales; young with silvery bars ; lower fins dusky Aratus.* aaa. Vomerine teeth unknown ; body elongate, the depth less than length of head ; second anal spine longer than third ; dorsal spines ten, low ; pectorals very short, not longer than ventrals; scales rather small. Color purplish-brown, the centers of the scales paler ; body with nine faint vertical bars ; upper fin» edged with dusky ; base of pectoral dark NovEMFASCiATUS.t 19. Micropogon ectenes, sp. nov. (28295, 29538, 28336, 28361.) Head 3^ in length (3§ with caudal) : depth 3^ (4|). Length (28295) 16| inches. D. X-I, 25 or X-I, 24; A. II, 7 or II, S; scales 7-53-13: tubes of lateral line 54. Body rather elongate, slenderer than in 31. undulatus, moderately compressed, the back little elevated; anterior profile straightish or slightly undulate. Head long, rather low, the snout long, and abruptly truncate at the tip, which projects but little beyond the premaxillaries. Mouth nearly horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary barely reaching to opposite front of eye; its length 3^ in head. Teeth in. rather broad bauds, the anterior in upper jaw little enlarged. Snout with the usual lobes and pores at tip, its length 3|- in head ; chin with 5 large pores ; about four small barbels on the inner edge of each, dentary bone anteriorly. These are rather shorter than the posterior nostril, which is oblong and much longer than the anterior nostril. Eye rather large, 6 in head, 1^ in interorbital width, a little more than half snout, a little less than preorbital width. Preopercle with numerous rather strong teeth above the angle which has two large^ * Mesoinion aratus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 145. Mazatlan (Gi76.)/ Punta Arenas (G(7&.); Chiapam (G0 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Very abundant in the rocky tide-pools around Mazatlan, hiding under the numerous sea-urchins. About 30 specimens were collected, the largest nearly 3 inches long. 24. Gobiesox eos, sp. uov. (29247.) Body comparatively short, stout, and narrow, the head rather broad;> but, as well as the body, much less depressed than in G. erythraps ; the width of the head less than its length, contained 3| times in body; incisors serrate or tricuspid, the teeth as in G. zebra. Eye moderate, about 1^ in interorbital space, which is about 3.J in head. Pectoral about one-half length of head. Ventral disk shorter than head. Distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal 3| in total length. Cau- dal truncate. Head 3 in length ; depth 5^. D. 6; A. 6. Bright rosy red, sometimes made dusky above with black points ; back with from one to three faint dark bars ; three dark lines downwards and backwards from orbit, and usually one or two more on the opercle ; caudal usually with a reddish bar at base and a dusky one towards tip; tins otherwise nearly plain. Very abundant in the rock -pools, where it is nearly always found, in company with G. zebra, hiding under the sea-urchins. The largest ex- amples seen are about IJ inches long. 25. Gobiesox erythrops, sp. nov. (^9248. ) Head scarcely longer than broad, proportionately very broad and depressed, its breadth three times in total. Incisors in both jaws entire and rather broad, the lateral teeth, as usual, pointed ; no canines. Eyes very large, considerably wider than the narrow interorbital area, 3^ in head ; interorbital area nearly 5 in head. Ventral disk a little longer than head, 2§ in body. Pectoral about one-third length of head. Dis- tance from front of dorsal to caudal, 3f in body. Caudal truncate with rounded edges. Head 2^ ; depth 6. D. 6 ; A. 5. Light olivaceous ; body with three or four bars of cherry red ; head marbled with red ; eyes intensely cherry red, their upper border blackish j fins pale, the upper mottled with reddish ; caudal barred with red. Biittwo specimens, IJ inches long, taken in a rock-pool; evidently rare. A specimen of this species from the Tres Marias Islands, is in the col- lection at Woodward's Gardens, San Francisco. 26. Gobiesox adustus, sp. nov. (29249.) Head and body broad and flat, much depressed; width of head nearly equal to its length, 3§in body. Incisors in middle of lower jaw broad, entire; those in ujjper jaw narrow, blunt, little comj)ressed, entire, shorter than the lateral teeth ; behind these two or three series of smaller teeth. Eyes rather large, separated by a broad interorbital space, which is one-third the leugth of the head and about half greater than diameter of eye. Opercular spine sharp. Pectoral short, about half PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED 8TATK.S NATIONAL MUSEUM. 361 length of head; veutral disk as long- as head; distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal equaling three-tenths of the length; caudal rounded behind. Head 3 in length ; depth oh. D. ; A. 7. Brown, banded with blackish on body, the head marbled with darker brown ; front of dorsal black, the fins dusky with dark points. Three specimens, the largest about 2 inches long, were obtained in a tide-pool at Mazatlau. The species is evidently not common. 27. Gobiosoma zosterurum, sp. nov. (29245.) Body long, slender, its greatest depth less than greatest depth of head. Head long, slender; mouth large, the lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending slightly beyond posterior edge of orbit. Eye rather large, longer than snout, 3| in head ; the interorbital space nar- rower than the pupil. Teeth small, in villiform bands, the outer in the upper jaw slightly enlarged. Snout rather pointed, subconical, the profile not very gibbous. Spinons dorsal high, the spines slender, the anterior filamentous, its height considerably more than greatest depth of body. Yentrals If in length of head ; pectorals short, half length of head. Caudal f length of head, skin wholly naked. Head 3^ in length ; depth G§ ; D. IV-10 ; A. 12. Olivaceous, vaguely barred, everywhere closely punctate with darker, even the belly not l)ale; lower parts of head thickly punctate with dark dots like th& sides ; sides of body and head with some faint pale spots ; caudal with two distinct black lengthwise bands, its upper and lower edges white^ the middle part colored like the body ; dorsal and anal largely black, with pale edgings; pectorals and ventrals dusky. A single specimen about 1^ inches long was taken with a seine in the- Astillero at Mazatlan. 28. CHnus zonifer, 8]i. uov. (28122.) Subgenus Lahrosomus Swainson; allied to CUnus delalaiidi C. & V. Form rather stout, compressed ; snout not very short, rather pointed, the profile gibbous above the eyes, thence declining straight to the tip- of the snout ; mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching front of eye ; eye large, 3J in head, as long as snout ; small slender cirri above the eyes, and a fringe of rather long filaments at the nape rather longer than the orbital cirri. Outline of spinous dorsal emarginate ; first spine a little longer than eye, the second, third, and fourth progressively shortened, the fifth again longer ; the eighth to eleventh spines are the longest, thence gradually decreasing to the next to the last, which is much shorter than the last; soft dorsal rays considerably* higher than the spines, the longest about one-half length of head. Anal long, not very high, the membrane deeply notched between all but the last six rays, which are the highest. Pectorals five-sixths length of head; 362 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ventrals as long as from suoiit to edge of preopercle. Belly naked aa* teriorly ; the scales small, cycloid ; lateral line complete. Head 3^ in length ; depth 4^. D. XIX, 9 ; A. II, 19 ; Lat. 1. 53. Color olivaceous, darker above, much mottled and speckled with clear dark brown ; sides with five distinct irregular dark brown bars, extend- ing from base of dorsal to level of lower margin of pectoral, their lower «dges connected by a vague undulating longitudinal band ', a blackish blotch on occipital region, and black blotches on cheeks, opercles, and before base of i^ectoral ; opercle with several narrow pinkish streaks ; head below with narrow streaks formed by series of dark brown spots an interrupted brown bar across lower jaw ; belly unspotted; ventrals pale; other fins all barred with narrow series of dark brown dots; anal somewhat diisky. Clinus zonifer is the most abundant denizen of the rock-pools around Mazatlau, with the single exception of Gobius soporator^ and reaches a length of about three inches. This is the species mentioned by Mr. Lockington (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1881, 114) as Clinus phillipi Steiud., from the Gulf of California. 29. Tripterygiuin carminale, sp. uov. (28118.) Body rather slender, heavy forwards, rapidly tapering behind. Head short, the snout low and rather jiointed, the profile straight and steep from the snout to opposite the front of the eyes, there forming an angle and extending backwards nearly in a straight line. Eyes very large, longer than snout, 3 in head, high up and close together. Mouth wide, the jaws subequal, the maxillary extending backwards to front of pupil. Teeth moderate, essentially as in species of Clinus, those of the outer series enlarged. Xo evident cirri on the head. Scales on body of mod- erate size, ctenoid, the edges strongly pectinate ; belly naked; lateral line extending to opposite last ray of soft dorsal, ascending anteriorly but without convex curve. Dorsals three, the first and second con- tiguous, the second and third well separated; first dorsal of three spines, the first of which is the highest and about as long as diameter of eye ; the second dorsal of higher and slenderer spines, the anterior the highest, the longest about equaling greatest depth of body ; soft dorsal shorter and a little lower than second spinous dorsal. Caudal small. Anal long, beginning nearly under middle of spinous dorsal. Pectoral long, longer than head, reaching much past front of anal. Ventral three-fourths length of head. Head 3| in length ; depth about 5i. D. III-XII, 9 ; A. II, 17 ; Lat. 1. 40. Color light brownish, with four dark brown cross-bars on sides, about as wide as the interspaces, which are marked with more or less reddish and with some lighter spots ; belly pale ; space behind pectoral dark ; a dark bar downward and one forward from eye. First dorsal mottled with darker, second and third dorsals nearly plain ; a narrow dark bar PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. J^G3 at base of caudal, aud a broader one towards tip, the fin sometimes entirely black, pectorals somewhat barred; lower lius plain. This species is represented in our collection by four specimens, each about 1^ inches long, taken from a deep tide-pool at Mazatlan. 30. Salarias chiostictus, sp. nov. (28117.) Body moderately elongate, compressed, the head short, blunt, almost globular, about as broad as deep, and a little longer than broad. Mouth inferior, without lateral cleft, the lower jaw included; width of cleft of mouth two-thirds length of head. Teeth small, weak, finely pectinate; canine teeth small, not so long as diameter of pupil. Supraorbital cirrus divided in four, its height three-fourths that of the eye. Eye 3^ in head. Interorbital space channelled, narroAv^er than eye. Maxillary extending to behind middle of eye. ISTo crest on top of head. First dorsal low and even, its spines rather slender, the last spines short, scarcely connected by membrane with the soft rays ; soft dorsal well separated from caudal. Caudal subtruncate, with rounded angles. Anal lower than soft dorsal, with a little longer base. Pectorals a little longer than head; ventrals about half as long. Head 4i in length; depth oj; D. XII-15 ; A. 15. Color in life: Olive brown above, lighter below; five broad dark bars from dorsal fin to middle of sides, each terminating above on the fin, and below on sides in a pair of black spots ; sometimes only the spots are dis- tinguishable, the bars being obscure; sides below spinous dorsal with numerous black specks, and with numerous oblong spots of bright sil very; sometimes a silvery streak from upper portion of base of pec- torals to base of caudal; a broad salmon-colored streak on each side of ventral line; sometimes the space between the silvery lateral band and the base of the anal is darker, the vertical bars again appearing as l)aiis of black, vertical blotches. Head yellowish olive, darker above and reticulated with narrow brown lines, these appearing as parallel bars on the upper lip and radiating from the median line on the under >!de of the head. Vertical fins light grayish, with black spots, w-hich appear as wavy bars on the caudal tin. Pectorals and ventrals pale, the former with a yellowish slmde at base. Orbital tentacles bright red. This species is known from lour specimens (the largest '21 inches in length), taken in a deep rock pool at Mazatlan. ;'l. Fierasfer areuicola, sp. uov. (29244.) Body with naj^e slightly elevated, thence tapering regularly to the tail. Snout blunt, rounded, protruding ; the mouth subinferior, nearly horizontal, large, the lower jaw included; gape wide, the maxillary one- half length of head, extending beyond the vertical from orbit; teeth in upper jaw very small, acute, in a narrow band, none of them enlarged; those in lower jaw and on vomer blunt, conic, in a wide band; those in outer series acute; a few on each side of mandible, and two or three anteriorlv on vonun* enlarged, caniue-like. 3(l4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Gill-openings very wide, the branchiostegal membranes little united, leaving nearly all of isthmus uncovered ; the membranes united as far back only as vertical from end of maxillary. Opercle adherent above the upper angle, which is produced in a point extending above the base of pectorals. Below the angle the opercular margin runs very obliquely forwards. Eye large, equaling length of snout, greater than interor bital width. Origin of dorsal fin distant from nape by the length of the head ; the fin a very inconspicuous fold anteriorly, becoming higher posteriorly, where the rays are evident. Anal well developed along entire leugth, beginning immediately behind vent and running to tail ; its rays visible. Caudal exceedingly short. Pectorals very well developed, more than half length of head. Vent just in front of base of pectorals. Head 6J in leugth; depth lOi; eye 5 in head. Head and body perfectly translucent; a ftiint sihery luster on middle of sides anteriorly ; a few inconspicuous small light' yellowish spots along middle of sides (disappearing in alcohol); tip of tail dusky; upper margin of orbit black. A single specimen, 3J inches long, was found buried in the sand at tow-tide on the beach of Mazatlan. 32. Etropus crossotus, gen. and sp. DOT. (Pleuroriectidcp.) (28124,) Chak. gen.—Eyes and color on the left side. Body deep, regularly oval. Head small ; mouth very small, the teeth close set, pointed, in a single series, mostly on the blind side. Eyes narrow, separated by a narrow scalcless ridge. Margin of preopercle free. Ventrals free from the anal, that of colored side on ridge of abdomen. Dorsal beginning above eye ; caudal fin double truncate; anal fin not preceded by a spine -^ scales thin, ctenoid on left side, smooth on blind side; lateral line sim- ple, nearly straight, {erpov, abdomen; rtouc, foot; the ventral being on the ridge of the abdomen.) Chae. spec.—Body oval, strongly compressed, with the dorsal and ventral curves nearly equal ; both outlines strongly arched anteriorly. Head very small; snout short; mouth very small, its cleft not so long as the diameter of the orbit. Teeth conical, pointed, close-set, strongly incurved, in a single series. Those in the upper jaw on the blind side only; those in the lower jaw, on both sides. Eyes large, the lower in advance of the upper, the two separated by a very narrow scaleless ridge, which extends backward above the preopercle. Edge of opercle on the blind side, with a row of conspicuous white ciliae. Uj^per nostril turned somewhat to blind side: anterior nostril of left side, with a very slender cirrus. Dorsal fin commencing over front of upper eye, its middle rays high- est, the anterior not elevated. Anal fin not preceded by a spine, its middle rays highest. Caudal fin very sharply double-truncate ; as long as head. Pectorals short, that of left side the longer, about three- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STxVTEvS NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365 fourths length of head. Ventral of coh)reESCRII»TI01V OF A NE^V OWt. FROm FORTO RICO. By ROBERT RII>G\»^AY. ASIO PORTOKIOENSIS, Sp. nOV. Sp. ch.—Above dusky brown, nearly or quite uniform on the dorsal region ; the scapulars, however, narrowly bordered with pale ochraceous or dull buff; feathers of the head narrowly, and those of the nape broadly, edged with buffy ; rump and upper tail-coverts paler brown or fawn-color, the feathers marked near their tips by a crescentic bar of dark brown. Tail deep ochraceous, crossed by about five distinct bands of dark brown, these very narrow on the lateral rectrices, but growing gradually" broader toward the intermedise, which are dark brown, with five or six pairs of ochraceous spots (corresponding in posi- tion to the ochraceous interspaces on the other tail feathers), these spots sometimes having a central small brown blotch. Wings with dark brown prevailing, but this much broken by a general and conspicuous spotting of ochraceous ; primaries crossed with bands of dark brown and deep ochraceous, the latter broadest on the outer quills, the pictura of which is much as in A. accipitrinus, but with the lighter color usually less ex- tended. Face with dull, rather pale, ochraceous prevailing; this becom- ing nearly white exteriorly, where bordered, around the side of the head, by a uniform dark brown post-auricular bar ; eyes entirely sur- rounded by uniform dusky, this broadest beneath and behind the eye. Lower parts pale ochraceous or buff, the crissum, anal region, tarsi, and tibiae entirely immaculate ; jugulum and breast marked with broad stripes of dull brown, the abdomen, sides, and flanks with narrow stripes or streaks of the same. Lining of the wing nearly immaculate ochra- ceous. Bill dusky; iris yellow. Wing, 11.25-12.00; tail, 5.25-5.50; culmen, .70; tarsus, 1.85-2.00; middle toe, 1.20-1.30. Hal).—Porto Rico. In "History of North American Birds," Vol. Ill, p. 25, ^^nder the head of " Otus hracliyotus^'''' reference was made to this form of the Short-eared Owl, as follows : "A specimen from Porto Eico (No. 39643) is somewhat remarkable on account of the prevalence of the dusky of the upper parts, the unusually few and narrow stripes of the lower parts, the roundish ochraceous spots on the wings, and in having the primaries barred to the base. Should all other specimens from the same region agree in these characters, they might form a diagnosable race. The plumage has an abnormal appearance, however, and I much doubt whether others like it wdll ever be taken." That the latter unfortu- nate prediction was quite unnecessary is fully demonstrated by three additional specimens kindly sent me for examination by Mr. George N. Lawrence, all of which closely resemble the one in the National PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 367 Museum collection. In fact, the characters of the four examples are so uniform as to leave no doubt that the Porto Kican Short-eared Owl is a well marked local form, which, on account of its isolation and conse- quent improbability of its intergradation with A. accipitrinus, I propose to recognize as a distinct species. In connection with this subject I have carefully examined a very large series of A. accipitrinus, and have been entirel^^ unable to distinguish * between continental specimens from any part of the world. Examples^ from Chili, the Argentine Republic, Brazil, and Costa Rica can be per- fectly matched by others from North America and Asia ; an example from Costa Rica is almost exactly like one from Beyrout, Syria ; another from the Sandwich Islands is undistinguishable from certain American speci- mens, while there appears to be no constant difference between North American specimens and those from Europe and Asia. As a rule, Eu- ropean skins are paler than North American ones ; but the palest (aa well as the most deeply colored) examples I have seen are from North America, In short, I find that in a series from any given locality, on either continent, the individual variation is greater than any geographi- cal variation in this species. Although I have not seen the Short-eared Owl of the Galapagos {Otu& galo/pagoensis Gould), I have no doubt of the validity of that species^ The transverse bars on the feathers of the lower parts and the longitu- dinal streaks on the legs, are features never observable in A. accipitrinus nor in A. j)ortoricensis. In other respects, however, A. galapagoensis appears to be quite similar to the latter, but is still darker colored, as well as smaller. It appears, therefore, that, besides the common and nearly cosmopolitan A. accipitrinus, there are two* well-marked insular forms belonging to the subgenus Bracliyotus, which, though in all probability descended from the same ancestral stock, should, on account of their geographical isolation, be considered as distinct species. Compared with A. accipit- rinus, they differ from that species, and from each other, as follows : a. Legs entirely immaculate ; lower parts without trace of transverse bars ; first primary much shorter than second. 1. A. ACCIPITRINUS. Dorsal region conspicuously striped with ochraceous 5 outer webs of primaries with ochraceous largely pre- vailing toward the base. Wing usually more than 12.00 inches. Hah.—Europe, Asia, the whole of continental America, and Sand- wich Islands. (Strongs Island, West Indies ?) * A single specimen of a Short-eared Owl from Strong's Island, West Indies (No. 66235, U. S. Nat. Mus.), appears at first glance to be quite peculiar in coloration, by reason of the general prevalence of ochraceous above, the nearly uniform reddish ochraceous of the rump and upper tail-coverts, and more nearly uniform brownish of the wing- coverts, especially the smaller ones. There are also other slight differences, appreciable to the eye but difficult to define, and it may be that the specimen in ques- tion merely represents one of the many individual variations of the common species. I therefore, for the present at least, refer it to A. accipitrinus, since it would be unsafe to predicate a local race upon a single specimen. The measurements are as follows: Wing, 11.50; tail, 5.75; culmen, .80; tarsus, 1.80; middle toe, 1.15. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2. A. PORTORiCENSis. Dorsal region nearly uniform dark brown ; outer webs of primaries with the ochraceous spaces scarcely or not at all more extensive than the brown ones on the basal por- tion of the quills. Wing, 11.25-12.00. Hab.—Porto Rico. b. Legs marked with narrow dusky streaks ; lower parts with a greater or less number of transverse bars ; first primary scarcely shorter thau the second. 3. A. GALAPAGOENSis. Dorsal region irregularly barred or trans- versely spotted with fulvous ; outer webs of primaries with the brown spaces more extensive than the fulvous ones, on the basal portion of the quills. Wing, 11.00. ffab.—Galapagos. Islands. I am aware that my conclusions, as given above, are somewhat different from those of Mr. R. B. Sharj)e in vol. ii as expresi^ed in his ^'Catalogue of the Striges^^ in the British Museum (pp. 238,239). Mr. Sharpe there arranges the specimens of A. accipitrinus in the Brit- ish Museum collection under four headings, as follows: ''a. Asio accipi- trinus,^^ '^ i3. Asio cassini,''^ ^'•y. Asio galapagoensis,^^ and "rew Granadan Short-eared Owl would not form a connectiug link." "The specimens from the Sandwich Islands," says Mr. Sharpe, "form I PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3G9 an interesting pair on account of their locality, but tliey cannot be sepa- rated as a species. Tliey are rather small, and have a very dushy frontal IKitcb ; this I have found in other Asiatic specimens, and therefore the Sandwich Island Owl can only be considered a small race of A. accipi- irinus.''- The United States National Museum possesses a single specimen (No. 13890, T. R. Peale) of the Short-eared Owl from the Sandwich Islands, and this one can be exactly matched, both in coloration and dimensions, by American specimens, while many of the latter are smaller than the two Honolulu examples the measurements of which are given by Mr. Sharpe. Thus it seems that the Sandwich Island bird can be in no way separated from the common and widely distributed A. accipitrinus: As to the difference in coloration said by Mr. Shari)e to distinguish the sexes in this species, I cannot substantiate it with regard to the si^ecimens in the United States National ]\Iuseum, if the determina- tions of collectors are to be relied upon. Two specimens from China, represent nearly the extremes of coloration, yet the lighter colored one is the female, the darker one the male (according to the labels) 5 one of the lightest colored of North American specimens is marked as a female, while many dark colored specimens are determined as males. Neither can I agree with Mr. Sharpe in his opinion that the dark bar or spot sometimes found on the basal portion of the iuDcr web of the outer pri- mary is a ''tolerably good indication of an adult bird," but from an ex- amination of many specimens am inclined to regard it as merely an individual peculiarity, having no reference to either age or sex. As to the very marked variation in the depth of the ochraceous coloring (some specimens being deeply tawny and others nearly white beneath), it ap- l^ears to me that the two extremes, instead of being sexual, are merely analogous to the normal and erythrismal phases of other Owls, there being every gradation in different specimens between the two extremes of coloration. Below are given the principal synonyms and references pertaining to A. acciintrinus and it's allies. 1. ASIO ACCIPITRINUS (Pall.) Newton. [IShort-eared Owl.) Xoctua major Briss. Om. i, 1760, 511 (excl. syn. pt.). (Le Grande Chouette.) Strix accipitrina Pall. Reise Russ. Reichs. i. 1771-'7(), 455. Ash accipUrimis 'Newt, ed Yarrell's Brit. B. i, 1872, 163. — Sharpe, Cat. Stnges Brit. Mus. 1875, 234 (excl. sj'n. gahqmyoensis GonW.)—RiDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, 30, No. 396. Brachyotus accipitrinus Gurney Ibis, 1872, 328 (Formosa). Noctua minor S. G. Gmel. N. Comm. Petrop. xv, 1771, 447, pi. 12. Strij; arctica Sparrm. Mus. Carls. 1786-'89, pi. 51.—Daud. Tr. Orn. ii, 1800, 197. Strlr: brachyotus J. R. FoRST. Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 384 (Severn R., Arctic, Am. !). — Gmel. S. N. i, pt. 1, 1788, 289.—Wils. Am. Orn. iv, 1812, 64, pi. 33, nj?. 3.— Naum. Vog. Deutschl. i, 1820, 4C9, pi. 45, fig. 1 {''hrachyotoi>").—Nutt. Proc. Nat. Mus. 81 24 April 6, 1883. 370 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Man. i, 1832, 132.—AUD. Orn. Bioff. v, 1839, 273, pi. 432.—Sw. & EiCH F. B. A. ii, 1831, 75 {''brachyota"). SMx brachiotus Meyer & Wolf Tascheub. Vog. Deutschl. i, 1810, 43. Ottis brachyotus Boie Isis, 1822, 549.—Aud. Syuop. 1839,28; B.A. Am. i, 1840, pi. 38.—Cass. Ulustr. 1854, 182.—ScL. & Salv. Nora. Neotr. 1873, IIH. Otus (Brachyolns) brachyotus Eidgw. in B. B. &. R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii, 1874,22. Asio brachyotus Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. iii, 1840, 4()1.— Stricki,. Orn. Syn. i, 1855, 209. Vlnla brachyotus Macgill. Rapac. B. Gt. Brit. , 412. JSf/olius brachyotus Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Eur. 1840, 32, 143. "Strix uluht" Gmel. (jh'c Linn.) S. N. i, pt. 1,1788, 294.—Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. i, 18.31, 322. 'Msio ultila " Less. Man. i, 1831, 116. "Otus xdula" Cuv. Reg. An. i, 1817, 328. Strix tripennis Schrank. Fannr. Boica, i, 1798, 112. ? Strix palustris Bechst. Nat. Dentschl. ii, 1791, 344; ed.2, ii, 1805, 906. Otus palustris Brehm Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 124. Brachyotus palustris Bonap. Comp. List, 1838, 7 ; Consp. i, 1850, 51. — Gould B. Eur. pi. 40; B. Gt. Brit. pi. xxxii.—DeKay Zool. N. Y. ii, 1844, 28. pi. 12, f. 27.—COUES Key, 1872, 204; Check List, 1873, No. 321; B. N. W. 1874, 306. Strix passerina, Var. B. JjATH. lud. Orn. i, 1790, 66. Strix caspia Shaw Gen. Zool. vii. 1809, 272. Strix ccgolius Pall.' Zoog. Rosso-As. i, 1831, 309. Brachyotus a:golius Bonap. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1854, 541. Otus viicrocephalus Leach Syst. Cat. Brit. Mus. 1816, 11. Strix brachynra Nilss. Orn. Suec. 1, 1817, 62. Otus agrarius Brehm Vog. Deutschl. 1«31, 124. Brachyotus agrarius Brehm Naura. 1855, 270. Brachyotus palustris europauis Bonap. Consp. i, 1850, 51. Brachyotus palustris americanus Bonap. 1. c. Otus brachyotus americanus Max. J. f. O. 1858, 27. Otus breviarius LiCHT. Nomencl. 1854, 6 (Brazil).—SCHLEG. Mus. P.-B. Oti, 1862, 4. Brachyotus leucopsis Brehm Naum. 1855, 270. Brachyotus cassini Brewer Pr. Boston Soc. 1856, ; N. Am. Ool. i, 1857, 68. — Cass. Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 54; Orn. U. S.Expl.Exp. 1858, 108.—Baird Cat. N. Am. B. 1«59, No. , Otus cassini Gray Hand-1. i, 1869, 51. Otus brachyotus ji. cassini RiDGW. Field and Forest, June, 1877, 210. Asio arcipitrinus, ji. Asio cassini Sharpe Cat. Striges Brit. Mus. 1875, 238. Strix sanclwichensis Blox. Voy. Blonde, 1826, 250 (Sandwich Islands). Asio sandvichensis Blyth Ibis, 1863, 27. Asio accipitrinus, rf. Asio sandwicheusis Sharpe, 1. c. Brachyotus gmelinii Malm. Goteb. och Bohusl. Fauna, 1877, 75. La Chouelte Buff. PL Enl. 488. Caspian Owl Lath. Synop. i, 1785, 147. 2. ASIO PORTORICENSIS Eidgw. {Porto Rican Short-eared Owl.) "Otus (Brachyotus) brachyotus" Ridgw. (part) in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii, 1874, 25 (spec, ex Porto Rico). "Brachyotus cassinii" Gundl. .J. f. O. 1874, 307, 310. Asio portoricensis Ridgw. MSS. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 371 3. ASIO GALAPAGOENSIS (Gould) Strickl. {Galapagoan Short-eared Oich) Otns (Braclnjotus) galapagocnsis Gould PZS. 1837, 10 (Galapagos). Brachyotiis {/alaputjoenhis BOXAP. Cousp. i, 1850, 51.^'^ASS. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc. 1854, IK?. Otiis galapagoensis Darwin Voy. Beag. Birds, iii, 1844, 32, pi. 3. — Gray Genera B. i, 1844, 40; List. B. Brit. Mus. , 108; Haud-l. i, 186'J, 51. Asia galapagoensis Strickl. Orn. Syn. i, 1855, 211. Brachjiotus jyalustris, c. galapagoensis Coi'ES Birds N. W. 1874, 307. "Asio accipitrinus" Sharpe Cat. Strig. Brit. Mire. 1875, 234 (part). Asio accipitrinus, j. Asia galapagoensis Siiarpe t. c. 23s (Galapagos), Smitusonian Institution, Janum-y 13, 1881. DEISCRIPTIOIV OF 1WO NEW RACES OF MVADESTES OBSCURVS 1,AFR. By LEONIIARD STEJNEGEK. During a recent examination of the species of the genus Myadestes, I have found that M. ohscurus ought to be divided into three distinct races. I am indebted to the kindness of the authorities of the National Museum for the opportunity of describing them. Prof. S. F. Baird in his "Review" of American Birds, I, p. 431, has ah^eady remarked, that " in specimens from Western Mexico, Tonila, and Tres Marias, the ash of head invades the back," and that "the rufous of the baek is paler." But I find, also, that the specimens from the continent and those from the islands mentioned differ from each other so essentially in other particulars, that I have thought it convenient to separate them as follows : a' Head and neck slate-colored, rest of upper parts brownish olive. 1. M. olscurus Lafr. a" Head, neck, and fore part of the back lighter ash-colored, changing gradually into the paler olivaceous of the remaining upper parts. ¥ First primary not longer than the longest of the primary coverts ; the second shorter than the seventh. Only the three outer tail-feathers tipped with white. Innermost secondaries without light edges on the tip. 2. M. obscurus var. oecidenlaUs Stejxeger. 6* First primary much longer than the longest of the primary coverts, the sec- ond equal to the seventh. All the tail-feathers distinctly tipped with white. Innermost secondaries with the tips light-edged. 3. M. obscurus var. insularis Stejxeger. Myadestes obscurus Lafr. Myadestes obscurus I^afr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 98. — Baird, Rev. Amer. Birds, I, p. 430. — ScLAT. and Salv. Exot. Ornith. pt. iv, p. 49, pi. xxv. Descr.—(U. S. Nat Mus. No. 30722. Yolcan de Fuego, Guatemala, Nov., 1861. O. Salvin.)—Slate-gray, the back brownish olive, more 372 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. rusty on the fore part, and more olivaceous on the rump and upper tail- coverts; upper head and neck gray, the latter slightly washed with olivaceous, the forehead scarcely lighter. Eound the eye a pure white ring; chin, a stripe from the nostrils to above the eye, and another from the base of the lower mandible, between the black of the lores and line bordering the chin to below the eye dull whitish, fading out gradually into the gray of the sides of the head and the throat. The Hanks are strongly suffused with olivaceous, the remaining under parts very slightly so, the middle of the belly and the edges of the under tail- coverts becoming dull white. Wiug feathers brownish black, edged with bright rusty on the outer web; the concealed base and edge of the inner web of secondaries and inner primaries light buft', forming two large patches on the under side of the wing. Tail-feathers black, ex- cept the middle pair, which are gray, tinged with olive, especially on the outer web; the exterior pair has the outer web and the apical half of the inner one light grayish buif, the edge of the light-colored part and the tip being white; the next pair has only a wedge-shaped and similar colored patch towards the tip; the third pair with a narrow tip of white. Feet brown ; bill brownish black. List of specimens examined, and their dimensions. s PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 373 Tiind back, rump, and upper tnil-coverts suffused with olive.; somewhat rusty on the middle of the back ; the head, neck, and upper back gray, forehead as liglit as the chin. Flanks pure gray without olive tinge. In other respects the colors agree with the typical form, excepting that the gray on the under parts is lighter and purer, and the rusty on the Avings paler and more mixed with olive. Dimensions.—Length of the first primary, IS'""'; of the second, GG°"". Wing, 105 ; tail to basal end of feathers, 101 ; tarsus, 21 ; middle toe with claw, 19 ; exposed culmen, 11 ; and commissure, 18""". AYing formula.—Distance from the tip of the longest primary to the tip of the 1st, G3; 2d, IG; 3d, 4; 4th, 0; 5th, 1; Gth, 4; and 7th, IS-""". Hah.—Southwestern coast of Mexico and Guatemala. BemarlxS.—The chief differences between the typical ohscuriis and the above-described race consist in the rather duller shade of the gray, and the brighter color of the rusty in the former, and in the absence of the rusty or olive wash on the fore part of the back and the flanks in the latter. In many respects it comes very near to Myadestes elisabeth., but is easily distinguishable from this species by having the wings more rusty, and the upper head and fore part of the back pure gray. Myadestes obscurus var. insularis Stejneger. Mijiaclesles obscurus Lafr. apnd Baird, Rev. Amer. Birds, i, p. 430 Qjaj-/).—Lawr. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1871, p. 277, and Extr. p. 19. Descr.—(CT. S. Nat. Mus. No. 37327.— ^ ad. Tres Marias Islands, Jan., 18G5. (Jol. A. J. Grayson.) In color this race shows very great resemblance to the foregoing, the olive-colored part of the back being only a trifle more rusty. It differs, however, in having the light fore- head decidedly tinged with olivaceous buff", as also the light malar stripe ; besides, the flauks are slightly tinged with olive. The most striking differences, howev^er, are the light buff edges on the tip of the innermost secondaries, and the small, but very distinct and pure white spot on the tip of all the tail feathers. Grayson (Lawr. 1. c.) gives the color of the eyes and the feet as black ; but the latter are in the three specimens before me clear umber brown. List of specimens examined, and their dimensions. s 374 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Colonel Grayson gives (1. c.) the total length of the male, measured freshj to 7.90 inches. Wing formula. United States National Museum catalogue number. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 375 Adult in spring.—iVbovc nniforin russet-olivo (nuieli as in R.ustiilafa); jugulum and lower part of throat pale buff, as in ustulata, much lighter than in fusccscens, the markings, however, small and narrow as in the latter. Sides of head dull grayish, without trace of lighter oibital ring; sides of breast, sides, and llauks ash-gray (rather deeper than iu fuscescom), the breast very faintly or not at all spotted with darker. Adult ill fall and tcinter.—Above darker, more umber, brown ; jugu- lum and lower part and sides of throat deej^er buff", with much darker spots. The general appearance of this bird at first glance is more that of H. ustulata than true H. fusccscens, the upper i)aits and anterior lower parts being quite similarly colored. A close examination, however, im- mediately reveals radical differences, the most important of which is the total absence of any light orbital ring, which is always present, and very distinct, in ustulata. The wings and tail, instead of being ap- preciably more rufescent than \\\q back and rump are, on the other hand, less so ; the buff of the jugulum gives way very abruptly to the ash-gray on the sides of the breast, and the spots end quite as abruptly, the breast being plain ash-gray laterally, and white medially, with very indistinct spots of grayish between the white and the gray. In ustulata the sides are decidedly brown, with very distinct transverse sjiots of a darker sliade of the same color entirely across the breast. Another ex- cellent character consists in the color of the axillars and lining of the M'ing, which are light grayish in the x>resent bird, and deep brownish buff in ustulata. The differences from typical fusccscens of the Atlantic States, as in- dicated in the above diagnosis, are exceedingly constant. A specimen from Chica,uo, 111., in the collection of H. K. Coale, of that city (No. 1568, Coll. H. K. C, Sept. IG), is referable to this race, and is evidently a fall straggler from the Rocky Mountain district. It is even more olive above than most specimens from that region, having almost exactly the same shade of color as a fall specimen of 11. sicainsoni from Massachusetts, the latter, however, an unusually brown example. The entire absence of any light orbital ring, the narrow, almost linear, streaks of the jugulum, and the peculiar i^roportions, however, refer it at once to fusccscens. I have called this new form salicicola on account of its marked pre- dilection for willow thickets, to which, along the streams in the valleys and lower caQons of the Rocky Mountain region, it is chiefly confined during the breeding season. 376 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. List of s^wcimctia examined. MALES. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377 List of specimens examined—Continued. FEMALES. Catalogue niunber. 378 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, and less fulvous, while, as iu typical alicicv, there is no trace of a lighter orbital ring. The bill is much more slender than in most specimens of the larger form, while in several examples it is of a very peculiar shape, being much depressed basally, with the middle portion of the culmen somewhat concave. In fact, the bill in these specimens is much like that of the Nightingale {Liiscinia philomela) in shape, but with even a more prominent angle at the base of the gonys, and still more depressed at the base. The extreme form of the bill, in this respect, as exhibited iu ISTo. G53 (coll. E. P. B.), suggests very strongly that of Cinclus. Mr. Bicknell sends me the following notes, based upon his specimens: "In regard to the differences of coloration of the two forms, I find that, though some specimens in my series can be closely matched, the majority can be separated by color differences. These, however, are not very tangible, but most specimens of the smaller form present a somewhat undetinable appearance, which separates them from the larger. This is best seen about the head, and seems to be produced by a brownish shade relieving those colors which in true alicicc are dark and sooty. Though my two Catskill examples are darker than spring specimens of alicice, specimens of the smaller form taken in the fall are quite uniformly paler than those of true alicice taken at the same season; and though this seems to be contrary to a recognized law of geographi- cal distribution, it certainly is the fact. Besides in the general color it is noticeable iu the legs and feet, some of the smaller forms having the tarsi a pale clear yellow, while in manj' large specimens they are uni- formly dark. The base of the lower mandible is also more largely and generally yellow in the smaller form." List of specimens examined. MALES. 1- o a 3 a o 'a O PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3" For comparisou, I give below measurements of all the specimens of R. alicice Baird examined in connection with the present subject : MALES. Locality. « hi KJS si H 18072 Nat. M. 323 H. W. H. 339 H. W. II. 340 H. W. H. 82512 Nat. M. 6:i064 Nat. M. 77170 Nat. M. 82.il9 Nat. M. 82516 Nat. M. 25213 Nat. M. 70160 Nat. M. 81304 Nat. M. 81334 Nat. M. 4708 Nat. M. 54368 Nat. M. 340 E. P. U. 541 E. r. B. 339 E. P. 15. 691 E. P. 15. E. P. U. 18 E. P. B. 697 E. P. B. 25 E. P. B. 707 E. P. B. Gro-swater Bay, Labrador . CambridK©, Mass do. do do .... do Cook County, Ulinois Mount Carmel, 111 Fairfax County, Virginia . Washington. D. C Saint Michaels, Alaska . . do Kodiak, Alaska Vermilion River Yakuts, Alaska Eiveidale, N. Y .... do do do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do Average . Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad Ad. Ad. Ad. A.l. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. 4.30 4.20 3.85 4.20 4.10 4.00 4.30 4.10 4.40 4.25 4.20 3.00 3.20 3.05 .3.15 3.05 3.00 3.10 3.00 3.25 3.20 2.90 4. 20 I 3. 00 4. 30 3. 00 4.25 4. 10 4.20 4.25 4.35 4.20 3.85 4.15 4.00 4.15 3.95 3.05 2.85 3 40 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.10 3.20 3.00 3.10 3.00 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.20 1.18 1.20 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.18 1.20 1.15 1.18 1.15 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.15 1.12 1.25 1.10 1.22 1.20 4. 16 I 3. 17 1.20 FEMALES. H.W.H. H. W. H. 63066 Nat. M. H. W. II. — H.W.H. 82515 Nat. M. 59301 Nat. M. 71159 Nat. M. 55502 Nat. M. 22607 Nat.M. 43194 Nat.M. 43205 Nat. M. 19 E. P. B. 623 E. P. B. Grantvi)'' j, Mass do uo Washington, D. C do do do Fort Sisseton, Dak Fort Macon, N. C Fort Simpson, British America . . Foit Anderson, British America. do Eiverdale, N. Y Average of females Average of males . . . Average of both sexes Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. Ad. 3.90 3.75 4.10 3.90 4.05 3 90 3.90 4.10 4.20 4.05 3.95 4.05 4.00 3.95 2.85 2.85 3.10 2.95 3.00 2.90 3.00 2.90 3.20 2.90 2.90 2.90 3.05 2.85 3.99 4.10 3.02 3.17 8.15 1 6.19 1.15 1.18 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.15 I 1.20 1 1.12 1.12 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.20 .68 .57 ..58 .57 .58 Oct. 12 .55 Oct. 12 . 45! ! Sept 26 .57 I Sept. 29 . 55 ' May 23 . 58 May 4 .57 Sept. 10 .52 ! JuTiell . C5 I .Tunc— .57 Oct. 18 . 50 Oct. 2 ..55 .55 1.10 .55 BEIVTHO0ESJTIUS, A NEfV GE.-VIJS OF DEEP-SEA FISHES, AI.I.IED TO .EPIOOPV.S. By G. BROIVN OOODE and TARI.ETON H. BEAIV. The United States Fish Commission has recently received from Capt. Eoderick Morrison, of the Gloucester fishing- schooner Laura Nelson, a remarkable fish, taken from the stomach of a halibut caught on the western edge of the Grand Bank of Newfoundland in eighty fathoms 380 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of water. The specimen represents a species first made known by F. E. Clarlve in Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, (xi, 1878, p. 294, pi. xiv) under the name Lepldopus elongatus. Clarke had seen eight or ten examples, all taken at Hokitika, on the South Island of the New Zealand group. Hokitika is in about south latitude 43° and east longitude 171°. A remarkable range is thus discovered for this singular Trichiurid. The si)ecies differs in so many important characters from Lepidopus and other allied genera that we are forced to establish for it a new genus more nearly related to Eiioxymetopon Poey and Lepidopus Gouan than to any other forms at present known to ichthyologists. Its distinctive characters may be formulated as follows : Benthodesmus new genus, Trichiurid^. Body naked, much compressed, attenuate, tapering gradually from vent to base of caudal. Caudal jjeduncle very slender, supporting a small but well-developed caudal fin. Vent considerably nearer to head than to tail. Lateral line simple, in a deep, wide furrow, nearly straight, in front of the vent giadually ascending to the scapular region. Head compressed, its npper profile nearly horizontal; snout gibbous near its end, as in Lepidopus. Top of head very flat, concave between the eyes, with no occipital crest. Interorbital ridges not elevated. Eyes large, slightly postmedian. Operculum oblong, reaching a little beyond the base of the pectoral fin. Nostrils horizontal, in front of the eyes. Supramaxillary not extending to vertical from front of eyes. Lower jaw with stout cutaneous appendage. Three very long, simple, compressed teeth on each intermaxillary in front; outside of these a few minute teeth, and behind them a row of large acicular teeth. In lower jaw a single row of moderately large acicnlar teeth, more numerous than in the upper jaw, largest in the middle of the jaw. Palatine teeth minute. Dorsal fin, beginning above the operculum, nearly uniform in height throughout its entire length, and continuous almost to the caudal. Rays very numerous (over 150 in B. elongatus). Anal beginning near the vent, preceded by a single scale-like appendage; spines very numerous (numbering with the rays about 100 in B. elongatus, all except 28 or 30 being spines), minute and almost hidden; a short fin i)osteriorly. Caudal small, normal, forked. Pectoral fins inserted almost horizontally, with lower rays longest, and its upper outline rounded. Ventral fins represented each by a minute scale like spine, inserted below the origin of the pectorals. Pseudobranchite present; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Gill-rakers short and spiny, in a single series on the first and second PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 381 arches, almost obsolete on the the third and fourth. (In Lepidopus caudatus all the arches are supplied with several series of rakers.) Type, Lepidopus elongatiis Clarke, Benthode-smus may he distinguished from Lepidopus, the most closely related genus, by the following- salient characters : 1. The slenderer, lower form of the body, the height of which in J>. eJongatus at the A'eut is one-fourth the length of the head, in L.epi- dopus caudatus, nearly half the length of the head. 2. In the location of the vent, which is considerably nearer to the head. 3. In tlie straighter course of the lateral line, and the greater size of the furrow in which it is situated. 4. In the depressed form of the head, its flat profile, the insignificance of the frontal ridges, and the absence of the occipital crest. o. In the horizontal instead of oblique position of the nostrils. G. lu the extension of the opercula beyond the origin of the pectorals, and in the rottnded upper outline of the pectorals. 7. In the mnch greater number of dorsal rays. 8. In the more advanced position of the rudimentary ventrals, which are situated in Benthodesmus under the base of the pectorals, in Lepidopus under their tips. 9. In the presence of a single small postanal scute, in place of the two larger ones in Lepidopus. 10. In the characteristic arrangement of the gill-rakers. Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke) Goode and Bean. Extreme length of type (No. 2911G), 896 millimeters (35i inches). Body attenuate, its height at the vent contained four times in length of head, its width being about one-third of its height at the point men- tioned. Length of caudal peduncle half of greatest height of body. Least height of tail one-third width of interorbital area. Length of head contained 7^ times in length of body, its greatest width one sixth of its length; its greatest height nearly one-fourth of its length ; width of interorbital area (on the bone) one-fourth of the height of tlie head. Length of snout contained 2J times in length of head. Ui)per jaw not reaching to vertical from anterior margin of eye, and equal in length to the postorbital portion of head. Lower jaw in length equal to about twice the greatest heiglit of body. Mandibular ti}) nearly one-third as long as the diameter of (he eye. Eye slightly jiostmedian in location, the orbital diameter equal to half the length of the snoiut. Besides thei three long teeth, there are on each intermaxillary 8 or 9 of moderate sizej on one side many small intermediate teeth are pres- ent. The number of teeth in the lower jaw varies from 13 on the one side to 21 on the other. The first branchial arch has 13 gill rakers, the longest of which mcas- 382 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. iires about 2 millimeters. The second arch has about the same number, while on the third there are but 6 or 7, very small, and present only in The angles, while in the fourth there are about the same number, very inconspicuous. The dorsal fin originates above the middle of the operculum, and at a distance from the snont equal to twice the length of the snout. The anal fin is composed of about 100 spines and rays. Owing to the mutilation of the si)ecimen it is impossible to determine how many there are of each, but there are supposed to be about 28 rays normally united by a membrane into a fin. The caudal is also imperfect, but the middle rays are seen to be about half as long as the remnants of the external rays. The fin is supposed to resemble in shape that of Lepidopus oaudatus. The pectoral originates under the tip of the opercular flap. Its out- line is rounded above instead of emarginate, as in Lepidopus caudatus. Its longest ray equals in length the postorbital part of the head. The ventrals originate at a distance from the snout equal to that of the base of the pectorals from the same point. They are rudimentary and represented by minute scutes, the length of which is 3J millimeters in the specimen before us, and about equal to half the interorbital width. Branchiostegals 7; D. 154; A. 100; P. 12; V.I. Ciecal api)endages 8 in the specimen examined. Some, however, may have been lost, the abdominal viscera having been partly digested by the halil)ut, in the stomach of which it was found. Color: Uniform silvery, with traces of dark color upon head and tail. Measurements. Taken by Capt. Roderick Morrison (schooner Laura Nelson), from the stomach of a halibut. Current number of specimen, 29116. Locality, western edge of Grand Bank, 80 fathoms. Millimeters. Extreme length 896 = (35^ inches.) Length to origin of middle caudal rays 878 Body : Greatest height 33 Greatest width 13 Height at ventrals , .- 33 Height at anus 30 Least height of tail 2 Length of caudal peduncle 16 Head : Greatest length 116 Greatest width 20 Width of interorbital area (on the bone) 6 Length of snout 47 Length of upi)er jaw 42 Length of mandible 69 Length of mandibulary tip 6 Distanc(i from snout to orbit 47 Diameter of eye 23 Pioc. U. b. N. M., vol. IV. PLATE n. ^l M 1 i n ^ BENTHODESiius ELONGATUS (Clarke) Goocle & Bean. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dorsal (sjnnous) : Distauce from snout 94 Leuytb of longest ray 20 Length of last ray 7 Anal : Distance from snout 350 Length of longest ray 9 Caudal : Length of middle rays , 8 Length of external rays 17 + Pectoral : Distance from snout 110 Length 42 Ventral: Distance from snout — • 111 Length 3^ Branchiostegals VII Dorsal 154 Anal, about 100 Pectoral 12 Ventral 1,1 Number of ca^cal appendages 8(?) U. S. National Museum, Washington, B. C, Bee. 30, 1881. DESCRIPTIOIV OF A IVE^V SPECIES OF POxtlADASVS FROITI ITIAZAT- r,AIV, WBTII A KEY TO TBBE SPECIES Kl^fOW^f TO IIVHABIT THG PACIFIC COASTS OF TROPICAI. AiMERICA. By DATID S. JORDAIV and €HARl.ES H. OILBERT. Pomadasys caesius sp. nov. Allied to P. pacifici (Gthr.). Head, 3^ in length (34 with caudal); depth, 2^ (2f with caudal). Length (28158), 0| inches; D. XII, IG; A. Ill, 9; scales, 6-52-13. Body ovate, compressed, the back rather strongly arched; anterior profile rather steep and straightish, gibbous between eyes and also behind them, slightly depressed above eyes and at the uape. Ventral outline considerably arched. Caudal peduncle moderate, about half as long as head, and somewhat longer than deep. Head short and deep; deeper than long. Snout very short, blunt and thick, about one-third length of head. Mouth very small, the max- illary not quite reaching to the front of the eye, its length (from tip of snout) 3J in head. Teeth cardiform, in broad bands, the outer series enlarged, but smaller than in P. pacifici. Eye large, 3J in head, shorter than snout, about one-fourth wider than the broad i)redrbital. Lips thick. Chin with a median furrow and two pores; lower jaw included. Anterior nostril much larger than posterior. Preopercle rather weakly serrate, its upright limb somewhat concave. Gill-rakers short and weak, about 10 on lower limb of arch. Scales rather large, arranged as in related species, those above the 384 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lateral line forming series parallel with the ])ack, but i^laced so that tbe cross rows are very oblique. Soft parts of vertical fins almost entirely covered with small scales; series of scales also on membrane of pec- torals and veutrals. Scaly sheath of vertical fins Vv^ell developed. Dorsal fin low, rather deeply eraarginate, its spines very strong, the second spine slightly longer than the eye, and two-thirds the height of the third, which is but little shorter than the fourth or longest, and about two-fifrhs length of head; softraysmoro than two-thirds height of longest spines. Caudal rather large, moderately forl^ed, the upper lobe some- what the longest, about four-fifths length of head. Anal rather low, its distal margin perfectly straight, A^ertical; second anal siiine very robust, half length of head, half longer than the third spine, which is much lower than the soft rays. Ventral fins 1^ in head, about reaching vent. Pectoral fins long, subfalcate, a little longer than head, nearlj^ or quite reaching anal. Color in life, grayish-silvery above, with yellowish tinge; lower part of sides with indistinct darker streaks, formed by clusters of dark points on the margins of the scales. A faint dark bar, most distinct in the youngest specimens, extending from the region in front of the dorsal to, or a little below, the base of pectorals. In young specimens this bar is as wide as the eye, growing narrower below, but in the adult it is scarcely wider than the pupil. No trace of the black cross-bars seen in P. dovii and in P. pacijici, nor of the dark spots seen in P. furthiij nor of the lengthwise stripes of P. Mlincatus and P. virginicus. Vertical fins and pectorals dusky yellowish; distal half of ventrals and base of anal blackish. Upper part of head dusky, especiallj^ between eyes. Lining of opercie pale, with yellow patches in life. Peritoneum white. This species is known from three specimens (2S158, 29032, and 28333), obtained in the harbor of Mazatlan. It was not seen at Panama. The species of Pomadasys thus far known from the Pacific coast of tropical America may be readily distinguished by the characters giveu in the following table: ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF POMADASYS FOUND ON THE PACIFIC COASTS OF MEXICO AND CENTllAL AMERICA. a. Aual fiu short, its rays III, 7 to III, 10 ; dorsal fin deeply emarginate, its spines more or less robust. fe. Anal spines strong, the second longer and much stronger than third. c. Soft dorsal and anal with series of scales extending on the rays; outer teeth in upper jaw enlarged. d. Body ovate; back elevated; depth greater than length of head ; outer teetJi moderately enlarged, iiointed; lips thick. (Anisotuemus* Gill.1 e. Scales above lateral line in oblique series, not parallel with the lateral line /. Scales rather small, 50 to 70 in a horizontal series. * = Genytremus Gill = Paraconodon Bleeker. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAJL MUSEUM. 385 g. Color goldeu, with about seveu light blue horizontal stripes, each edged above and below with paler; a dark band downward, and one forward and downward from nape ; pectoral longer than head ; second anal and third dorsal spines subequal, half head Vikginicus.* gg. Color olivaceous; a jet black bar from anterior part of dorsal to below middle of side ; base of pectoral, and membrane of opercle black ; pectoral longer than head ; second anal and fourth dorsal spines about equal, shorter than head Davidsoni. t ggg. Color olivaceous, the adult nearly plain, the young with two black longitudinal stripes ; fins blackish ; second anal spine longer than fourth dorsal, about half head Bilixeatus.}: ff. Scales large, about 7-34-12. Color grayish, each scale on upper anterior part of body with a blackish spot ; fins more or less dusky; pectoral a little shorter than head ; second anal spine robust, half length of head, longer than fourth dorsal spine. FUKTHI.^ ee. Scales above lateral line in series parallel with the lateral line. h. Dorsal spines rather low, the longest about half length of head; sec- ond anal spine half length of head. i. Color plain grayish-silvery; a faint bar downward from nape ; pec- toral longer than head, about reaching anal ; dorsal spines stout and short, two-fifths length of head; eye but half wider than the broad l)reorbital; dorsal rays, XII, 16 C^SIUS. ii. Color dusky grayish, with lour irregular blackish cross-bands, which grow faint with age; pectorals much shorter than head, not reaching tips of ven- frals; dorsal spines comparatively slender, half length of head ; eye more than twice as wide as the narrow preorbital ; dorsal rays, XI, 14. Pacifici.II * Spams rirginictts L. Syst. Nat. x, 1, 281, 1758^:^ Anisofrevius twniatus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 107, etc. Habitat: WesMndies; Caribbean Sea; Brazil; both coasts of Mexico and Central America; Magdalena Bay {Steind.); Mazatlan {Gilb.); Panama («i"H; Gilb.). i Pristi2)uma daridsoni Steiud. Ichthyol. Beitr. iii, 6, 1875. Hahifat: Southern Cali- fornia; Santa Cataliua Inland (Jordan i^- Gilbert); San Diego (Steind. ; Jor. ,^^- Gilb.). t Prislipoma bUineatum Cuv. & Val. v, 271, 1830 = Pristipoma mehuiopterum C. tfeV. v, 1830, 273= Gemjtremus iiiterrupfiis Giil, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 256. Habitat: Both coasts of Mexico and Central America ; West Indies ; Pern ; Brazil ; San Diego (Steiml.); Magdalena Bay (Steind.); Cape San Lucas (Gill); Gulf of California (LoA-- Ingtou); Panama (Steind.); Galapagos Islands (Steind.). Not obtained by Mr. Gilbert. . Anal spines weak, the second little, if any, longer or stronger than the third, and both lower than the soft rays ; bodj'' ob- long, not elevated ; soft dorsal and anal rays with series of scales ; scales above lateral line in scries parallel with the back ; color grayish, with light and dark stripes along the rows of scales, these often obscure. (H^MULOPSis Steind.) j}. Pectoral flu long, nearly as long as head; a black blotch below in the axil, encroaching on the lower rays of the fin ; preorbital broad, about as wide as eye AxiLLAKis.t pp. Pectoral fin short, much shorter than head ; axil- lary spot, if present, not encroaching on the fin. q, Preorbital narrow, not so wide as eye; a round dark humeral blotch ; anal si^ines very small, graduated NixiDUS.t qq. Preorbital very deep, wider than-eye ; anal spines not graduated Leuciscus.§ aa. Anal fin long and low, its rays III, II to III, 13 ; dorsal fin low, scarcely emar- ginate, its spines slender; anal spines small, graduated ; scales small, those above lateral line in oblique series ... (Ortiiopristis Gill.||) r. Dorsal spines 12 ; soft parts of dorsal and anal naked ; preorbital very deep, as deep as eye; scales small, about 8-G0-15. 8. Body oblong-ovate, the dej)th considerably more than one-third length ; profile from uaj)e, straight or slightly concave ; pectorals long, 3f in body; body brownish above, with faint dark cross-bunds and oblique pale streaks. Chalceus.IT *Pristipoma panamense Steindachner, Ichthyol. Beitr. iii, 8, 1875. Habitat: Mazat- lan (Gilb.); Panama (S/eujcL; Gilb.). \ Pristipoma axiUare Steindachner, Ichth. Notiz. viii, 7, 1833. Habitat: Mazatlan {Slcind.; Gilbert). X Pristipoma nitidiim Steindachner, Ichthyol. Notiz. viii, 5, 1800. Habitat : Ma- zatlan {Steind. ; Gilb.); Panama ((? (7?).). ^ Printipoina leuctscus Giiuther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18G4, 147. Habitat: Lower California {Streets); Mazatlan {Gilbert); San Jos6 {Gthr.), Chiapam {Gthr.), Pan- ama ( Glhr. ), Two of our Mazatlan specimens of this species agree with Dr. G iinther's description and figure, in having the anal spines rather large, the second larger than third, 2f in length of head ; the remaining specimens from Mazatlan and Panama are slenderer, with more? pointed snout and deeper suborbital, the anal spines being quite small, the second 3f to 4 in head. These i)erhaps represent a difterent species or variety, but we are not prepared to give it a separate name. II =: Mieroh'pidotus Gill = Pristocantharns Gill. 'i Pristipoma chalccum Gtlir. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18G4, 14G = /Vis^yiowo kiieH Steind. Ichth. Notiz. viii, 18G'J, 3. Habitat: Mazatlan {Steind. ; Gilb.); Fanama {Gthr.; Gilb.). Ob PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 88. Form oljlong-elliptical, the depth loss than oue-third length ; profile slightly convex ; pec- toral shoi't, 4^ in body ; sides with longitudinal dark streaks Canthakinus.* rr. Dorsal spines 13 (or 14) ; soft parts of dorsal and anal scaly ; preorbital very narrow, its width much less than diameter of eye ; pec- toral long, as long as head, 3^ in body ; scales very small ; color grayish, with narrow oblique dark streaks iNORNATUS.t Indiana University, January 3, 1882. THE RAPS» PREPARATION OF XjAROE MlTOIiOOICAL. SPECIIflEIVJ^. By M. FEILIX PI.ATEAU, Profisseur a V Unicersite de Gaud. (Read before the "Association Frangaise pour Favauccment des Sciences," Congres de Reims, 1880. Seance du 13 Aout, 1-580.) [Translated by H. C. Yarrow, M. D., for the Smithsonian Institution, Washington.] The laboratory of comparative anatomy of the University of Gand is of restricted dimensions. Its surionndiiigs, suffiicient for elementary j)ractical teaching, are very modest, but, liappily, material for study is not wanting, thanks, above all, to the administration of the Zoological Garden of Antwerp, one of the richest of the continent, wliich gener- ously donates to ns its losses and carries the obligation still farther in sending to us the bodies of animals by express. It is thus that during the academical years of 1870 and 1880 we have had at our disposal a series of very rare monkeys, a kangaroo, a cheetah or hunting leopard, a young American ostrich, the priucii)al viscera of an adult African elephant, and other interesting specimens. With the assistance of a single helper I have been able to utilize all these objects and rai)idly prepare, during the few hours which my other duties leave me, a great nuinber of permanent anatomical preparations to enrich our museum, which is already comparatively comx)lete.| Our * Pristlpoma cantharinum Jenyns, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 49, 1842. Habitat: Guay- inas {Lieut. Xichols) ; Galapagos Islands {Jenyns ; Gthr.). \ Microlepklotm inornatus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 25C} =: Pristiimma hrcv'qniine Steiud. Ichthyol. Notiz. viii, 1869, 10 = 1 Pristipoma votatuni Peters, Bei- liu. Monatsber. 18d9, 706. Habitat: Cape San Lucas {Gill); Mazatlan {Steind.; Petern). Not obtained by Mr. Gilbert. tThe collections at Gaud actnally contain more than 3,000 preparations belonging properly to comparative anatomy, and more than 1,600 si:)ecimen8 are preserved in alcohol. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389 collections being relatively poor in preparations of the muscnlar system, I have above all endeavored to fill this want. We have, indeed, made many preparations of the entire muscular system of animals of medium size. As the solution of this problem, i. e., how to make rapidly and at a trilling cost, in a laboratory of second rank, large permanent rayological preparations might interest i)rofessors of comparative anatomy and zoology, I have thought it best to briefly relate the method which I Lave employed. Having a horror of dried and varnished preparations, I have en- deavored to prepare muscular specimens with i^henolized glycerine, easily handled, and which could constantly serve for demonstration. With us the muscles are red, the tendons white; in a w^ord the un- initiated would believe that they saw the fresh muscle.* In order that I may be well understood I will give a resume of the easy operations to which we have subjected a very large monkey, the Cynoceplialus sphinx, in order to prepare the whole of its muscular system. The animal being skinned, care being taken of the superficial muscles or muscles of the skin, the abdomen having been split longitudinally and the viscera removed, it was first of all necessary to preserve this specimen from decomposition, and to employ a process which would permit us to dissect all the muscles at our pleasure. It is impossible to use alcohol for animals of this size ; the body is simply plunged into a saturated solution of the alum of commerce. The muscles in a short time are capable of being indefinitely preserved, and all the conjunctive elements, aponeuroses, tendons, sheathes of the nerves, &c., acquire a firm consistence and become very white. Whenever the specimen is required for dissection it is taken from its bath, and when the work is over it is replaced. We have thus been able to dissect at our leisure all the muscles of the Cynoccphalus, continuing the labor for at least ten days. Having finished the dissection, it becomes necessary to impart to. the muscles their original color. It is in this operation that I employ, and always successfully, the process which I have exemplified since 1874, and which is based on the property that carmine presents, viz, in form- ing when in the presence of alum an insoluble red laquer.f The animal having been dissected and taken out of the bath, is plunged in i)ure water for twenty-four hours ; this is done in order to get rid of the excess of alum. * Our scholars are generally deceived up to the very moment when we explain to them the mode of preparation. tNote on a process for giving or imparting the red color to muscles preserved iu alcohol. — {Bulletin de VAcademis Boyale de Belgique, 'Z'' serie, tome XXXVIII, A'os. 9'e* 10, 1874.) 390 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pure ])Owdered (;iiriiiino, a little clirome yellow, and liquor of ammonia are tlie only substances necessary. Tlio carmine is deposited on im earthenware dish; tlie ammonia is employed as water is by the water- color painter, and traces of clirome yellow correct the tints which are too purple. Finally, the white surface of the plate serves as a back- ground on which the tints may be criticized. The muscles of the specimen are painted with the aid of an ammo- niacal solution of carmine, taking the precaution not to cover the ten- dons or bones, and in general those parts which should remain white. In fact, these parts are protected by wrapping them separately in strips of tolerably thick paper. It is unnecessary for me to recall the fact that carmine tints the mus- cles and penetrates them to a certain depth. This operation finished, it is next in order to fix the tint. For this purpose the specimen is simply replaced in the bath of alum. An in- soluble red laquer is formed, constituting two coats, the one superficial and pulverulent (this comes from the bottom of the liquid), the other penetrating much deeper into the muscular tissue itself and remaining fixed in the tissue. From this time forth the carmine is fixed and the muscles are red, having the appearance of fresh flesh, and may be handled for an in- definite period without soiling the fingers of the operator with their coloring matter. Specimens which we thus prepared in 1872, have been used every year in the comparative anatomj course, and have lost noth- ing of their value. The next step is the employment of glycerine. The specimen is plunged into a bath of phenolized glycerine, but, as the alum has al- ready rendered the specimen proof against decomposition, a long macer- ation is unnecessary, eight days being a sufficient length of time. Finally, to place the specimen in a definite condition. It is well known how annoying ordinary preparations are in which glycerine has been used, it being necessary to let them drain for several months. Here we have employed a more expeditious method. After having allowed the specimen to drain for some hours, we wrap the members of the animal and the trunk, in fact the entire body, in a covering of white filtering l^aper, then in many coverings of ordinary gray paper, around the whole of whicli twine is wound. One week after, the i)aper, which has absorbed all the glycerine in excess, is taken ofi", the abdomen is filled with packing, the body is sewn up, the muscles are restored to their proper position, and the specimen is finished. Thanks, probably to the alum, the tendons are white and not yellow- ish, as preparations are when made by ordinary processes. The muscles are never found to be glued together. To state it briefly, the method is composed of the following opera- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 391 tious: 1st, maceration in alnm dnriaj^ the dissection; 2cl, washing in pure water 5 3d, tinting witli carmine ; 4th, the tixiiig of the carmine by alum; 5th, maceration in phenolized glycerine; Gth, getting rid of the excess of glycerine by compression between pieces of absorbent paper. This is the whole of the process which is warranted by known facts; it is quite inexpensive, simple, and expeditious. As an example of the rapidity of execution I will cite the following fact : On May 23, of this year, an adult African elephant died in the Zoological Garden of Antwerp. One month after that event we dis- played, in one of the exhibition cases of the National Exposition of Brussels the enormous heart of this animal i^repared by the above- detailed method'. OI\ TSfE CSIIIVIVOOK IVAmES OF THE: SAL.710IV IIV THE COr.UniBIA RIYEH.. By SILAS B. SMITH. [KoTE.—The following notes were contributed by Mr. Silas B. Smith, a lawyer, at Skii:>anow, Wash., and a half-breed Chinnook, in answer to questions asked by Mr. Charles J. Smith, of Brookfield, Wash. As the Chinnook names have a considerable place in our Salmon literature, it seems very desirable to place the facts given by Mr. Smith on record. I give the present accej)ted names of the different species in foot- notes.—D. S. J.] The Chinnook names for the different varieties, following the order given by you, are as follows : 1st. Chinnook Salmon,* '' E-quinna-'' (accent second syllable and give the "a" the broad sound). 2d. Blue-back,t ^'- Oo-chooy-ha^^ (accent first syllable and give the broad sound to "«"). 3d. Silver-side,| " 0-o-wim" (accent first syllable). Your next is "Dog Salmon (red)." My mother and all the other Indians I have spoken to on the matter, and some of the whites, maintain that the red-skinned salmon with hooked nose or beak is nothing more or less th'in the male silver-side, having turned red after iuhabiting fresh water, and his nose assuming that shape upon its becoming poor. * On corhijn chits chonicha (WaAh.) J. & G. This word "E-quinna'' is evidently the 'qninnat" of Eichardson. t Oncorhynchns nerha (Walb.) G. «fe J. ; Oncorhynclms kisutch (Walb.) J. & G. 392 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. They say that there is auother species of Salmon that comes in the fall, having transverse dark spots, large teeth, and nose largely curved, but it does not turn red or but little at most. I will give the name and consider it in place of the "Dog Salmon." 4th. Spotted Fall Salmon,* '•' O-le-araW'^ (accent on first syllable). 5th. Steel-head, t ^^Quan-nesho^^ (accent last syllable). I have been unable to give the right sound in English to the last syllable of the last name. The above is as near as I can make it. There is auother salmon which you did not mention. It comes in the last of the summer run; it is as large if not larger than the spring sal- mon, but of a darker color and not so fat. It will make number — 6th.| "^^'-w^6a" (accent first syllable). BEITIABKS UPOIV THE OSTEOIiOOlT OF OB'HEOSAURVS VEIVTRAIiliD. By Dr. R. IV. SHUFEI.DT, U. S. A. (Read before the Biological Society of Washington, D. C, December 23, 1881.) Guided, to a great extent, by external characters, modern herpetolo- gists, in the arrangement of our American reptiles, have assigned this lizard to the genus Opheosaurus, of the family Anguidce, of the suborder J)iploglossa. This arrangement brings itvery near the gen us GerrhonotnSy a lizard with which I have osteologically comjjared it. The external characters are referred i)rincipally to the form and disposition of the scales, the presence in Gerrlionotus of a ventral line, and the position of the external ear. Oplieosaurus ventralis inhabits the entire Austroriparian region, Ten- nessee, Kansas, and several of the Middle States. It is found lurking in the woods in damp places, frequently burrowing uuder ground, and is at all times a gentle and harmless lizard. We all know that in com- mon i^arlance Ophcosaurus has been termed the Glass Snake, from the fact that when a moderate blow is delivered it, it usually parts with a por- tion of its tail, the fracture sometimes taking place at 'one or more points. These ruptures, and they always occur from violence, are in- variably postanal, and the part lost is susceptible of reproduction from Ihe locality at which the fracture took place in the lizard's body. Inter- esting as this part of the natural history of our subject is, it does not rightfully come within the limits of a paper devoted to its osteology, * Oiicorhi/nchus keta (Walb.) G. & J. t Salmo gairdnerl Rich. t Oncorhynchus ckouicha (Walb.) J. & G. (Fall run: "Ekcwau " of Richardson.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 393 and I will be obliged to dismiss this cliaracteristic in Opheosaurus here by simply calliug the attention of the student to the fact that, as far as my studies have carried me, it appears that true caudal vertebrse are never reproduced in the new tail, be it only a ijortion or the entire ap- p(mdage is lost, but in their place we have substituted a series of semi- osseous nodules, that eventually form the bony core to the new part. The opportunity has not been afforded me to enter very extensively into the occurrence of boue in the exoskeleton of this lizard, but Pro- fessor Owen tells us (Anat. of Verts., vol. i, p. 555) that "bone is devel- oped at the base of the scale, forming part thereof, or combining scute and scale, in Opliisaurus, Tribolonotus, and Trachysaurusy We may add to this that there certainly seems to be more or less bone tissue, be it semi-osseous or otherwise, in the tough and brittle plates that ov^erlie the true skull, superiorly. It requires but a very superficial examina- tion of the skull of this snake-like lizard to satisfy the zootomist that he has before him a creature that, so far as this part of its bony frame- work is concerned, at least, makes a very near approach to the typical Lacertilian, an indication that is more than likely to be carried out in other parts of its anatomy. We find the occipital condyle to be uniform in outline, being notched above, with its long axis placed transv^ersely ; it stands out quite prom- inently from the lower margin of the elliptical foramen magnum, which in turn has its long or major axis parallel with the axis of the condyle; prominent though this latter may be, it cannot be said to be peduncu- lated, but really is sessile, its prominence being greatly due to the seg- ments that support it. The part that the basi and exoccipitals took in its formation is plainh" indicated even in the adult by delicate little furrows that mark the boundaries of the original segments. This condition of the condyle obtains in many of our American lizards, notably in Gerrhonotus and in Sceloporus and kindred forms among the Iguanidcc. Substantial protection is afforded the brain be- low by the perfect union that has taken place among the bones of the basis cranii, the basisphenoid, basioccipital with the exoccipitals, which latter supjiort tuberous and outstanding paroccipitals. On the other hand, the anterior wall of the brain-case depends solely in the living animal uj)Ou thin membranous partions for the defense of the encephe- lon, the representatives of the ali- and orbitosphenoids. This open space in the articulated cranium is bounded below by the basisphenoid and laterally by the parotic on either side. Above we again find the brain completely guarded by osseous plates, which here are the united parietals, that in turn become indistinguishably amalgamated with the large superoccipital. Mesiad, the united parietals anchylos with the paretics of the brain-case, while anteriorly these bones articulate sutur- ally with the hinder borders of the frontals ; no parietal foramen ever existing at this point as fouiid in some lizards. Laterally, each parietal is extended backwards in a diverging limb, that on either side articu- 394 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lates throughout its eutke margin with the squainosfel overlapping the hatter at its termination and abutting against the lateral process of the occipital. In their course these wings of the parietals bend down- wards by a gentle curve, which is more abrupt in the shorter skull of Gerrhonotus. The interfrontal suture is persistent, and these bones form the mid- plates at the top of the skull; taken together the plate is narrower behind than it is in front, where it meets the nasals, while on either side it articulates with the lacrymal and postfrontal ; a limited portion of this margin being free, it enters into the formation of the superior moiety of the x>erii)hery of the orbit. In our Holhroolda maculafa among the Iguanidw we find this iuterorbital portion of the frontal plate crowded to a mere osseous and median line by the immense orbits. The nasals have united medially just as the frontals have, and they, be- ing now anteorbital, are allowed to curve downwards on either side to meet the maxillaries, while anteriorly they form the upper and posterior margin of either nostril, and receiv^e between them in the middle line the posterior process or nasal process of the premaxillary. This latter bone forms the rounded anterior end of the skull; it also completes the nostril in front and below, this subcircular aperture having its border or periphery eventually made entire by the assistance of the maxillary on either side, it filling in the lower and posterior part. This portion of the skull is formed in a like manner in Uumeces, but in this genus the termination of the cranium anteriorly is more acute, being blunter and broader in Gerrhonotus scincicaudus. We will complete this view of the cranium by calling attention to the longitudinal fora- men that exists anteriorly between the squamosal and jjarietal on either side. The lateral aspect of the skull (Fig. 1) presents for examination f .^ quite a number of interesting i^oints. We have, i)osteriorly, a free os quadratum that stands as a protecting pillar at the l)ortals of the auditory meatus. This bone has a quadrilateral outline in front, nearly flat, while behind it is deeply con- cave throughout its length, and supports '^''^' ' below an oblong facet, placed transversely for a similar shaped articulating surface on the lower maxilla. Above it is very much expanded, antero-posteriorly, the hinder part of which surface is occui)ied by the end of the squamosal. This form of the os quadratum (o. g., Fig. 1) obtains in Gerrhonotus and Eumeces, and in fact seems to be but slightly departed from by the vast majority of our lizards. Between the anterior boundary of the os quadratum and the posterior boundary of the orbit, and the arching squamosal above that meets both I)oints, there is exposed to view in the skull of this lizard, and, I believe, in all of its congeners, through an open space here existing, the delicate PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395 little columella {cl., Fig. 1), that lias its superior end abutting against the under surface of the parietal, while its lower rests in a circular socket intended for it, on the upper surface of the middle of the pt{?rygoid. Its lower articulation is anterior to itsujiper, i. e., the bone leans backwards. In all of the American lizards that I have examined this bonelet is constant, and Professor Huxley tells us in his Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, page 219, that "In the principal group of the Lacertilia., a column-like membrane bone, called the columella (but which is not to be, by any means, confounded with the stapes, to which the same name is often applied in reptiles), extends from the parietal to the pterygoid on each side, in close contact with the membranous or cartilaginous wall of the skull. Hence they have been called ''Kionocrania''' or "column skulls." Through this open space we also have lateral views of the pterygoids and the basisphenoid with the parotic and pro-otic bones above and immovably articulated with the latter. There seems to be a small sepa- rate ossification wedged in between the squamosal and parietal behind, articulating with the exoccipital and os qiiaclratum, that seems to corre- spond with Professor Huxley's pteroUc. In the dried skull it is not movable. The orbit is bounded by three bones: above by the frontal, as already described; anteriorly by the lacrymal^ that articulates with the jugal by a descending i^rocess, anteriorly with the maxillary, nasal, and frontal ; while the posffrontal and jugal bound its posterior ,, moiety, the former bone articulating above with the frontal and parietal, below and posteriorly with " the jugal and squamosal, and the latter, the ju/jal, ^^^ "" by its anterior process with the lacrymal, by its posterior with the postfrontal and squamosal ; thus we see that the orbital periiihery is comj^lete. The skull is completed laterally by the maxUlary ; this vp - bone bears teeth in its alveolar process below, articu- lating with the bones that go to form the roof of the mouth internally, while, upon the aspect of the skull we now have under consideration, it articu- J'i^z^. lates behind with the lacrymal and jugal, above with the nasal, ante- riorly with the premaxillary. The prefrontal fulfills its customary function in constituting in part an osseous septum narium, meeting the ordinary segments as they are arranged in the Lacertilian skull. Passing to the base of the cranium (Fig. 2), we find the l)asisphenoid giving off, near its anterior termination, or the base of the rostrum in some vertebrates, on either hand, well-developed ptcrapophysial pro- cesses that have dilated extremities to articulate with longitudinally- elongated facets upon the pterygoids. These latter bones form one of the principal features of the basis cranii ; they extend backwards, con- 396 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. verging outwards from the points where they articulate with the pro- cesses of the sphenoid, to articulate by movable joints at the anterior and lower angles of the (piadrate bones ; anteriorly they develop hori- zontal plates that articulate in front with the palatines, laterally by a process that, on either side, meets the os transversum. Their upper surfaces form the greater part of the floor of the orbit, while on their under surfaces they present for examination on either bone a longi- tudinal row of minute conical teeth, the row being double behind and j)roduced anteriorly so that a few of them are found upon the pala- tines beyond. The palatines complete the roof of the mouth distally, leaving between them quite an extensive palatine fissure that ceases when it meets the vomer where that bone dips down to lend its aid in establishing the septum narium. A ])alatiue starting from the oblique pterygoidal articulation i^roceeds forwards by a rather broad horizontal plate that, as it comes opposite the maxillary, throws off an external and lateral process to meet that bone and close in the "nasal aperture" behind; it then turns inwards to the commencement of the palatine fis- sure, to proceed by a much broader plate that bounds tlie nasal aperture internally, and only terminates by quite an extensive articulatiou with the maxillary laterally, and with the premaxillary and vomer anteriorly, curling outwards to complete the aforesaid nasal vacuities. On either side an os transversum is found; this little bone is wedged in between the maxillary and jugal on its outer side, while it articulates with a process coming from the palatine on its inner, thus forming quite an imiDortant element in completing the floor of the orbit and the base of the cranium. The bones are arranged at the base of the cranium and roof of the mouth, in nearly all lizards, so as to encircle and bound certain foramina or vacuities; these have been described by Owen and named by that dis- tinguished anatomist as, first, the " interpterygoidal vacuity," the largest of all, a mesial, open, elliptical space in our subject bounded by the pterygoids and palatines laterally, the basisphenoid behind, and con- tinuous with the palatine fissure anteriorly; the next, being parial, are the "pterygo-maxillary" vacuities; these occur on either side, and are bounded laterally by the maxillary and os transversum, internally by the pterygoid and i)alatine ; W'hile, finally, we have the "nasal apertures," bounded on their outer sides by the maxillaries, behind and internally by the palatines. In Gcrrlionotiis, the skull being broader, these aper- tures are consequently wider; otherwise the general arrangement of the bones at the base of the skull is the same. In examining the eye, we discover the sclerotals to be present, as they are in Ares. They are quad- rate in outline, slightly overlapping each other, and number from eight- een to twenty in the average number of specimens examined. The rami of the lower maxilla are turned outwards, so that the alveoU processes are the most external ; this condition is so much increased after we pass the coronoid bones that the sides of the jaw become nearly PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 397 €UP horizontal. They terminate by quadrate plates that tend to approach the median plane, these horizontal plates i^rotruding in the articulated skull back of the articular facets and the quadrate bones. Broadly oblong", and raised above the general level of the bone, the articular facets look upwards and a little backwards and ontwards. The coro- noid hones are placed, one on either side, slightly posterior to the middle l^oint of the ramus; they project upwards and back- wards as laterally-compressed processes that show ex- ternally still fairly-developed traces of their original sutures ; upon this aspect, also, we observe the irregular sutural line, indicating the point of ending of the dentary portion of the maxilla. Each ramus is perfectly smooth beneath, being gently convex from side to side, broadly so longitudinally. The external curve about the symphysis is parabolic in outline, the inner being sharply acute, and , passing back- ^^- -J- wards as tbe inferior ramal border, maintains a more or less parallel position with the external or alveolar border. Anchylosis is never thoroughly established between the dentary elements at the symphysis, this joint having an articnlation very similar to the symphysis pubis of anthropotomy, the interested bones coming apart npon very slight provocation in the dried skeleton, showing each articular fiice to be roughened for an amphiarthrosial joint. In the specimens that I have examined, the teeth in the upper jaw seem to invariably pass completely round the alveolar process, while in the lower jaw a few always seem to be lacking on either side of the symphysis; this is also the case in \ Gerrhonotus, but not so in a specimen of Eumeces sldltonianus. These teeth are of the pleurodont tj'pe; in other words, they are anchylosed to an outer alveolar plate, as in many of the Iguani- _^ _ , ,, ,, d(e. Above their points of union to the '^^^'^ ^ alveolar process they are conical in form, ,' yi\, ( pearly white, and glistening, being ar- ^^. j ranged in a row of some seventeen to -f^?- ^- twenty in each ramus, the largest being found in the middle and the smallest at either end. The ^^- -^ hyoidcan arch seems to be largely cartilaginous in structure, though a good deal of bone tissue does exist in it, i)articularly about the center. In form it resembles the capital letter X, the upper limbs being directed forwards and outwards, the hinder ones backwards and outwards; the body of the hyoid occupying the intersection as an equilateral triangle, with one of the angles placed anteriorly in the middle line, ard from which is produced a delicate "glosso-hyal"; the posterior limbs spring- ing from its outer angles, and the anterior ones, apparently by articu- 7i 398 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSKUM. lation. from midpoint of its sides. Gerrhonotus has a liyoidean arcli very similar to the one fouiitl in Opheosaurus. In the largest and best specimen that was examined, there were found 147 vertebraj with a series of caudal nodules where a tail had been re- placed ; there were 52 [)airs of ribs, and this nund^er was also found in a smaller specimen. The atlas is characteristic of the usual Lacertilian type, and a stumpy odontoid process is found upon the axis. Free ver- tebral ribs are not exhibited until we have passed backwards for three or four segments, but when the series commences it is continuous to within one vertebra of the rudimentary pelvis, and even this interven- ing segment may develop a small free plenrapophysis. These ribs have rounded bodies with laterally compressed and dilated extremities below; the pair when articulated lie in the curve of a broad ellipse that sustains the shape of this lizard's body. They articulate by feebly developed oapitula, at the base of the diapophyses, at the very anterior margin of the centrum of each vertebra, in concave facettes placed there for their accommodation. Commencing with the atlas, the first two or three vertebra? support hypapophyses, that are at first directed downwards, then directly backwards in a sharp point; it is with this segment, too, that the (juadrate neural spine makes its appearance, to be continued throughout the chain, past the pelvis ; to become directed more and more backwards, and more jjointed as we pass through the caudal series. Well-developed pre- and post-zygapophyses are found upon the neural arches of all of the vertebrse, and the cup and ball socket between the centra is ellipsoidal in form and placed transversely on the bone, being concave in front, convex behind. The neural tube, beginning more or less triangular, becomes subelliptical as we pass posteriorly. Caudal vertebme develop sharp, vspine-like diapophyses, that are directed _p. _ outwards at right angles with the neural spines and the chevron bones below, which latter in these segments are in each case a wedge-formed hypapophysis, attached to each vertebra, the trian- gular haemal canal passing through them all. The sternum and scapular archin Opheosaurus is largely cartilagir.ous, though bone tissue is de- posited about the points, where in the higher lizards the glenoid cavity exists, and other localities where additional strength is required. So far as my examinations have extended I have thus far failed to discover the j)resence of a rudimentary pectoral limb ; even the very semblance of the gienoidal socket appears to be missing. The clavicles do not meet in the median line, but their outer extremities artfculate with the ex- panded blade of the scapula on either side, which latter bone is semi- osseous only. A transverse plate, covering the lower borders of the coracoids, is the sole representative of a sternum. The entire apparatus is placed immediately over the trachea, while the outer and exi)anded blades of the scapula? lap over the first and second pleurapophyses. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 399 Taken as a whole we could hardly look for a better example of a rudi- meutary apparatus throughout, even to its minor details. In Gerrliono- tus, all of the points that are so feebly developed in Opheosaurus have been carried to a still higher point, and one approaching the true Lacer- tilian type, and although in this lizard the anterior and posterior limbs are present, they are weaker than in other forms, such as the Iguanidw. In Gcrrhonotns tbe clavicles meet mcsiad, and the coracoids articulate with elongated facets upon a semi-osseous sternum, that has inserted along its sides the hesmapophyses that articulate above with the dorsal ribs. Passiug next to the examination of the pelvis, we find that although some parts have been more or less suppressed or have almost passed beyond recognition, we still find a rudimentary femur present. The fifty-seventh vertebra has suspended from its diapophyses, and articulating freely with their extremities, two spoon-shaped bones, one on either side; these do not meet in the median line, but are sei^arated by a space of several millimeters. Tbe dilated extremity of each is below, and from the middle point on the outside surface, rotating in a diminu- tive acetabulum, we find the rudimentary femur, represented hj a minute cylinder of bone, rouuded at both extremities. A faint sutural line passing through this coty- : loid-cavity indicates the division between the ilium above and the puboischium below. Pro- fessor Mivart found this condition in some of ^'j-^- the forms he examined, and he tells us in his t.^.s Lessons in Elementary Anatomj^, page 195, that "•confining ourselves, therefore, for purposes of comparison, to Mammals, Sauropsida, and Batrachians, we find the femur uuder a certain aspect more constantly present than the humerus. For although it is often absent when the humerus is present (as in forms like Siren, which have j)ectoral limbs but no i)elvic ones), yet it is sometiuies present in a more or less rudimentary condition when no representative of the foot coexists with it. Such is the case, e. g , in some whales (as the Greenland whale) amongst mammals, and certain snakes, e. g., Boa, and certain lizards, e. g., Liaiis, amongst the reptiles." In Gerrhonotus all three of the i^ehic bones go to form the acetabulum, the pubic elements curving far anteriorly as delicate osseous columns to meet, mesiad, in a common cartilaginous articulation. The arch is suspended in a lilce manner from the transverse processes of a vertebra. Though a little foreign to our subject, it will be of interest to many to know something of th(; character of food of this lizard, and in this Professor Riley hits kindly assisted me, and sends the following diagno- sis of a stomach that I sent him : "The contents of stomach of Opheosaurus ventralis consists almost en- tirely of fragments of a tolerably common spider, Lycosa ruricola Hentz, with a single small black seed and seed-pod of some plant, not determ- inable on account of condition." 400 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dr. Vasey kindly examined the seed and thinks it may be a Helio- charis, but is not certain. Unfortunately, the writer has not had the opportunity, from lack of material, of examining such a form as Baris- sia oUvaeca, a lizard that Cope has placed as the leading genus under Oerrho7iotid(v ; as far as our examination has gone, however, of forms representing other genera, it should leave no doubt as to the sound- ness of the classification in placing our ai)odal Opheosaurus in the niche it now occupies. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1.—Left lateral view of skull of Opheosaurus ventralis, life size : pm., premaxillary 1, nostril; «., nasal; m., maxillary; L,lacrymal;/., frontal ;/>/., postfrontal; J)., parietal; sq., squamosal; po., pro-otic; jit., pterotic; o.q., os quadratum; cl., columella; c corauoid ; d., deutary; ;/., jugal; pg., pterygoid. Fig. 2.—Skull of Opheosaurus ventralis seen from beneath, taken from a smaller specimen than Fig. 1, and enlarged: v, vomer ; pi., palatine; o. t., os transversum ; sq., squamosal ; o. q., os quadratum ; n. a., nasal aperture ; jJ(/)h., pterygomaxillary Tacuity; 2^.7., pterygoid ; ip., interpterygoid vacuity. Fig. 3.—Lower jaw of Opheosaurus ventralis, life size, same specimen as Fig. 1, seen from above: c, coronoid; «./., articular facet. Fig. 4.—Hyoid and scapular arch of Opheosaurus ventralis, life size, seen from in front : if, hyoid; Tr., trachea ; c, clavicle; s., scapula; c?'., coracoid ; s/., sternum. Fig. 5.—Same from Gerrhonotus scincicaudus, letters indicate the same thing: gl. c, glenoid cavity. Fig. 6.—Anterior view of vertebra, with its ribs, from Opheosaurus ventralis, from middle of spinal column ; n. s., neural spine ; r., rib. Fig. 7.—Anterior view of caudal vertebra from same specimen. Fig. 8.—Anterior view of vertebra that bears the pelvic arch, 0. ventralis, slightly en- larged: n.s., neural spine ; ct., centrum; I.,i\inm.; p.i., pubo-ischium; F., rudimentary femur. Fig. 9.—Sketch of lateral view of pelvis of Gerrhonotus scincicaudus, slightly enlarged : tr., transverse process of vertebra; A., acetabulum. OIV CERTAIIV LIMPET!^ ANO t'HITOlVS FKOM THE DEEP ^VATERS OFF TBIE EASTEKIV COAST OF THE ttJi\ITE» STATES. ny ^V. H. BALL. I have received from Professor Verrill certain limpets or patelliform shells and chitons collected under his supervision off the southeast coast of New England in deep water by the United States Fish Com- mission i)arties in 1881, with his kind j)ermission to describe them. Though without particular beauty and of small size, the hope that these specimens would ))rove of interest has not been disappointed. Limjiets are generally shore or shallow water mollusks; the connection of certain peculiarities of structure in them with their geographical distribution, and the progressive development indicated by the char- acters of different genera, have already been the subject of comment by me.* * Sci. Results of the Expl. of Alaska, I, art. II, pp. 41-43, 1876. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 401 The forms of lowest organization and least specialized cliaracters among those already known are those which inhabit the deeper water; hence there was reason to snppose that features of much interest would be exhibited by the few specimens which had just been brought up from much greater depths than any from which limpets had hitherto been obtained. The examination was rendered more complete by the possession of additional specimens which are contained in the deep-sea collection from the Antdles made hy Prof. Alex. Agassiz and Lieutenant-Commander Bartlett, U. S. N., on the United States Coast Survey steamer Bhike. These atibrded valuable confirmation of impressions derived from the study of the material obtained from Professor Verriil. Some of the specimens obtained are of unusual interest as showing a combination of characters which has heretofore been unknown in an- imals of the same order. While the shells present few salient features, the soft parts show extraordinary and unexpected characters. They are divided into representatives of the orders Rhiphidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Polyplacipliora. The Bocof/Ioasa comprised representatives of both the suborders Abranchiata and Referobranchiata, but all somewhat anomalous in their characters. It is in the first-mentioned order, how- ever, that the richest results were obtained, since it appears necessary to separate the three species obtained into two genera, representing each a family, which diifers by apparently sound characters from any hitherto known, and which it has therefore been necessary to describe as new. Almost all the species appear to be blind. Order RHIPHIDOGLOSSA. Family COCCULmiD^ Ball. Shell patelliform, not nacreous, symmetrical, with an entire non-sinu- ated margin, and a posteriorly inclined apex with a deciduous sjiiral nucleus. Muscular impression horseshoe-shaped, interrupted over the head. Animal with a prominent head and muzzle, two tentacles as in Lcpe- tidw ; gill single, plumose, asymmetrical, resembling that of Acmesidee, extending between the under surface of the mantle and the foot (from a point above and behind the head) backward on the right side, attached only at its base. Anus anterior, opening above and behind the head. Mantle margin plain; sides and margin of the foot without papillae- or ornamental processes excei^ting two filaments, one on each side of the jnedian line, between the mantle and the foot-disk behind. Eadulai with a small or moderate rhachidian tooth (in the known sjiecies), three incQuspicuous laterals with denticulate cusj^s and a fourth dentate^, Proc. Nat. Mus 81 2G April S4, 1 8 89.. 402 PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. larger outer lateral ; * imcini numerous (50-150), similar, hooked at the tip, those of each lateral series springing from a common base. 1 Formula : m (1+3-3+1) m This family differs from its nearest described allies (the Fissurellidcc) in its single asymmetrical gill, in the absence of appendages to the sides of the foot or on the mantle edge, and in its i)atelliform, unfissured, unsinuated, and wholly external shell. From the succeeding family, Addisoniirlce, it is separated by its sym- metry, the character of the gills, and by its dentition. By its dentition it is most nearly allied to Parmophorus or Scutus, if figures be taken as a criterion (and much resembled some species of HeUcina), but it must be borne in mind that very few species of Fissurellidcc, have been figured in i^roportion to the whole number known. The other characters, how- ever, forbid its incorporation with the Fissurellidw as they conilict in nearly every important feature with the definition appropriate to that family. At first it was thought that Projnlidium might be incorporated in this family", but an examination of the available data relative to that genus indicates that it belongs rather in the Fissvrellidw, where it, appar- ently, represents an imj)erforate Pimcturella. Genus Cocculina Dall. Animal blind; shell colorless, with radiating and concentric sculpture; for other characters see diagnosis of family. Cocculina Rathbuni, u. s. Shell depressed, Avhite, thin, with sides nearly parallel and their slopes lightly flattened, and with ends similarly broadly rounded ; sculpture of faint closely (but irregularly) set grooves radiating from a smooth apex (which has originally a subspira! nucleus) and crossed by concentric growth lines, which are more or less irregular in diiierent individuals ; faint yellowish areas seem to indicate a thin, very closely adherent epidermis ; apex prominent, more or less incurved and slightly laterally compressed, usually showing a scar where the embryonic nucleus was attached; inside polished or smootli ; length 11.0; width 0.5 ; altitude 2.75"'"'. Another dead specimen is three times larger. Soft parts: Foot ovate, thin, not very high, somewhat pointed behind mantle margin moderately wide with a thickened jdain border; behind, on each side of the " tail," between the mantle and foot, is one cylindrical blunt filament; sinus above the head and neck quite deep; gill exactly as in Acm(va, f-njall, hardly projecting out of the sinus; head large, end of muzzle semi-lunate, with a strongly marked margin ; in the midst of this flat lunate area is a rounded papillose space surrounding the mouth; this • , * Much as iu Scittus as figured by Gray, Guide, p. 1G3. PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 403 organ, if fiirnisbed with jaws at all, lias them of such soft and cuticalar consistency as to show neither under the knife nor under an ordinary dissecting microscope, but it appeared to be without jaws; tentacles moderate, subcylindrical ; eyes none; course of the intestine much as in FatcUa, but shorter. Dentition.—Rhachidian tooth squarish, rounded in front, nearly flat, about as long as the two inner laterals ; inner three laterals slender, with small denticulate cusps, outer or third usually a little longer than the others, but the j)roportions slightly different in the less mature i)art of the radula; fourth or major lateral about twice as long as the others and slightly broader than the rhachidian tooth, rather strongly cusped, the cusp notched into five or six de^fticles, and the shaft somewhat curved, the shaft and cusp translucent; uncini numerous (100 or more), slender, slightly twisted and hooked, united on each side on a single continuous base, which is a little longer than the width of the radula between the uncini. Habitat.—Station 937 of the United States Fish Commission in 1881. This is 102 miles S. by E. J E., by compass, from Gay Head Light, Martha's Vineyard. The bottom temperatuj^e being 40o.5 F,, and that of the surface 72o.0 F. The same species was obtained by the United States Coast Survey dredgers on the steamer Blake, Lieutenant-Com- mander J. R. Bartlett, commanding, under the supervision of Prof. Alex. Agassiz, on hard bottom (temi)erature 440.5 F.), at station 288, in 300 fathoms, off" Barbadoes ; and off Martinique, in 502^ fathoms sand and ooze, at station 195, bottom temperature 41o.O F., the surface in both oases being about 80^.0 F. I take pleasure in naming this species after Mr. R. Rathbun, of the United States Fish Commission. Cocculina Beanii, n. s. Shell elevated, white, thin, resembling in sculpture and general fea- tures the last species, except in the following particulars : The form of the base is about as in C. Rathbuni, but the profile differs widely, the anterior and jwsterior slox)es of the present species, instead of being subequal and nearly similar, are unequal, the anterior being considerably the longer, roundly and consi^icuously arched; the posterior slope is about half as long as the other and deeply concavely excavated ; this residts from the fact that the apex, instead of being depressed and nearly central, is elevated, subi)OSterior and much incurved ; like that of the previous species it bears a scar where the (probably spiral) embry- onic shell was attached ; the sculpture resembles that of the preceding species, being stronger and more cancellated in some specimens and nearly obsolete in others. The very young show proportionally stronger sculpture, even slightly spinous at the intersections in some specimens. The surface is generally partly eroded, probably from the same action as that which so rapid'y reduces dead shells and corals to a species of gray ooze in the deep sea. There seems to be no indication of epidermis in this species. Length 8.0; breadth 5.0; height 4.0™"'. 404 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Soft parts in general as in the last species, except tliat the bead and muzzle are mucli elongated, the sinus behind the bead deep ; gill longer and larger tlian in C. liathbuni, projecting out on the right side of the head ; tentacles longer and foot shorter proportionally than in C. Rath- huni; the mantle margin is much i)uckered, but this is probably due to the alcohol ; the margination, which forms a semilunar area at the end of the muzzle in the preceding species, in 0. Beanii is interrnpted be- fore the papillose area which here distinctly forms the end of the muz- zle, the effect of which is to produce two lappets, one on each side, extending from the end of the muzzle to the anterior edge of the foot. There appears to be no jaw. Dentition.—In this species the bands of uncini are proportionally longer and wider and the rhachidian tooth smaller than in the preceding. The rhachidian tooth is small, with a tri