REVISION OF THE AMERICAN BUGS OF THE REDUVIIDSUBFAMILY PLOIARIINAE.
By W. L. McAtee and J. R. Malloch.Of the United States Biological Survey.
INTRODUCTION.Begun in an effort to get additional light on certain problems notsolved by then-existing literature, this study has gradually grown tothe proportions indicated by the title. That we have been able togo so far is due in large part to generous loans of material for whichwe record our great appreciation. The initial basis of the work wasthe very good collection of Ploiariinae in the United States Na-tional Museum, but we have been favored with loans of large num-bers of specimens by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia, through E. T. Cresson, jr.; the Carnegie Museum of Pitts-burgh, through Dr. W. J. Holland; Cornell University, throughDr. J. C. Bradley ; and the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle deParis, through Dr. E. L. Bouvier. Smaller, but none the less appre-ciated, lots of material have been received from the UniversitetetsZoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, through William Lundbeck; theRiksmuseets Entomologiska Afdelning, Stockholm, through Dr. B.Y. Sjostedt; the American Museum of Natural History, New York,through Dr. F. E. Lutz; the British Museum of Natural History,London, through C. J. Gahan; and the Bishop Museum, Hono-lulu, through O. H. Swezey. Dr. Walther Horn, of the DeutschesEntomologisches Institut, generously sent us, with other specimens,the type of Phasmatocoris spectrum Breddin. Individuals who havekindly loaned us valuable material are Dr. E. Bergroth, who sent usthe types of all his American species; Nathan Banks, H. G. Barber,J. R. de la Torre Bueno, William T. Davis (including the type ofGhilianella productilis Barber), W. Downes, Dr. Carl J. Drake,J. S. Hine, Dr. H. S. Parshley, and Dr. Miles S. Pennington. Assist-ance in reporting on the characters of specimens in their care hasbeen given by Nathan Banks, of the Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge; W. E. China, of the British Museum; andC. W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural History. TheNo. 2573.
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Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 67. No. I.94993?25 1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67
collections of the Boston Society, Museum of Comparative Zoology,and Field Museum of Natural History have been examined also byone of the authors during the progress of the work.THE GROUP TREATED.(Subfamily Ploiariinae; Family Reduviidae.)Insects of the subfamily Ploiariinae, in common with all otherReduviidae, have a longitudinal groove between the fore coxaewhich is invariably microscopically transversely striate, and in whichthe tip of the beak generally lies when at rest. This groove is calledby some writers a " stridulatory groove " but whether it is really sowe are unable to say. However, it is highly characteristic, as it isnot present in any other family of Heteroptera known to us exceptthe Phymatidae.Absence of ocelli, and j)resence of anteriorly opening coxal cavities,and of usually very elongate fore coxae are the principal distinguish-ing characters of the Ploiariinae but neither is sufficient in itself fortheir recognition. The Saicinae also lack ocelli but the fore coxaeare less elongate than in most Ploiariinae, the beak is armed withupwardly directed spines and the lower surface of the head is pro-vided with two or more strong bristles. These spines and bristlesare absent in the Ploiariinae. The Bactrodinae look considerably likePloiariinae but differ structurally from them in characters more im-portant even than do the Saicinae. The Bactrodinae have less elon-gate coxae than most Ploiariinae, possess ocelli, and the head is in-serted not on the front or at most on the anterior margin of theprothorax but on the dorsum of that sclerite distinctly posterior tothe front margin.Expressing the most characteristic differences between these sub-families in key form we have
:
1. Anterior coxal cavities opening straight downward ; ocelli none ; undersideof head with downwardly projecting, and beak with upwardly projecting,bristles or spines Saicinae.Anterior coxal cavities opening forward and downward ; bead and beakwithout such armature 22. Ocelli absent ; head scarcely pedicillate, lower anterior border of prothoraxscarcely produced beyond upper margin, on which the head is inserted.Ploiariinae.Ocelli present ; head pedicillate ; lower anterior border of prothorax produceddistinctly beyond the upper margin, behind which the head is inserted.Bactrodinae.The antennae in Ploiariinae are very long and slender, 4-seg-mented, sometimes with a pseudo-suture near apex of fourth seg-ment which is often pointed and more or less angulate or curved;the beak is elongate, curved downward and backward, usually
aut. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 3
swollen at base, and acute at tip, and distinctly 3-segmented. Thethorax is variously formed and the wings may be either large, re-duced, or absent. The basal abdominal tergite is situated on theposterior part of thorax and the basal sternite is absent, a fact thatshould be borne in mind in counting the abdominal segments. Themale hypopygium opens more or less dorsally, and the apical tergitesometimes entirely covers the orifice.The fore wings of the Ploiariinae (as also those of some otherEeduviidae) constitute an exception to a commonly accepted cri-terion to the Heteroptera in that they are of uniform texturethroughout. The venation has not been homologized with that ofother insects and the names applied by us to the cells and veins arearbitrary terms, which however, are clearly defined in the explana-tion of plate 1.The fore legs of Ploiariinae are adapted for capture of prey byclosure hinge-wise of the fore tibia and tarsus against the lowersurface of the fore femur. The opposing surfaces of the front fem-ora and tibia are nearly always armed with spines or setulae, thearrangement of which is characteristic, as a rule, in each genus,minor variations in them indicating subgeneric or specific groups.The fore tibia has a rather conspicuous transverse slit (figs. 13, 18,136, and 145) on the anterior surface near apex which is surroundedby dense pilosity. The fore tarsi present a range of differentiationnot found in any group of similarly related forms known to us. Inthe case of this strictly predaceous subfamily, it is natural to sup-pose that evolution has been in the direction of efficiency in the mostimportant raptorial organs, the front legs. In our opinion, the foretarsus in its most generalized form consists of distinctly separatedsegments the terminal one with two equal claws. We assume thecourse of evolution to be from that condition through forms withpoorly defined, heavily chitinized segments with one large and onesmall claw to a highly specialized stage in which the fore tarsus isthorn-like, the joints entirely fused, and wholly without differenti-ated claw. The mid and hind tarsi are invariably 3-segmented andbeing used in the normal manner, not for grasping prey, are notspecialized.IS TRIBAL DIVISION OF THE PLOIARIINAE ADVISABLE?Attempts have been made to define tribes of Ploiariinae. two of theprincipal efforts along this line being by Stal 1 and by Distant. 2Put in the form of indented dichotomous keys these schemes areherewith appended.
1 Enum. Hemip., vol. 4, 1S74, pp. 92-94.2 Fauna Brit. India, Rhynchota, vol. 2, 1904, pp. 201-216.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67TRIBES OF PLOIARIINAE ACCORDING TO STAI-.A 1. Front femora armed for their whole length beneath with long, slenderspines, all or most of them setiform ; hind femora surpassing apex ofabdomen ; front tibia and tarsus together usually subequal in length tofront femur, rarely distinctly shorter; body usually winged.B \ Front tarsi short, segmented, flexible or sub-flexible, two-clawed, scarcelyor not at all longer than hind tarsi ; front tibia a little shorter thanfemur ; hemelytra of species known to me marked with fuscous
;
scutellum and post-scutellum armed apically with spines.PLOIARIARIA.Ploiaria (=Empicoris).Malacopus.Stenolemus.B 2 . Front tarsi long, scarcely or not at all shorter than tibia, one segmentedor composed of three connate segments, subcurved, subcompressed, asseen from the side usually distinctly tapering toward apex, providedwith two unequal contiguous or subcontiguous claws, or with one clawfront tibia much shorter than femur, sometimes only about half aslong; first joint of antenna long; hemelytra scarcely or only verypale fuscous marked. LEISTARCHARIA.Orthunga.Tinna.Cerascopus.Luteva.A8. Front femur unarmed beneath toward the base or in front of middle ; halfor less than half its length, apically, armed with unequal spines ; fronttibia and tarsus together shorter than femur ; body much elongatedhead with the small eyes scarcely or only slightly wider than apex ofthorax.C \ Postocular part of head perceptibly tapering posteriorly, quite slenderbehind ; hind femur distinctly, sometimes far, surpassing apex of abdo-men ; legs very long. EMESARIA.Gardena.Ghilianella.Emesa.Ischnobaena.C *. Postocular part of head scarcely or only slightly narrowed posteriorly,abruptly rotund coarctate at base; hind femur attaining or slightlysurpassing apex of abdomen ; head armed between the antennae withan usually very distinct tubercle or more often with a spine ; tylususually projecting as a spine. METAPTERARIA.Barce.Metapterus.Ischiionyctes.Bargylia.In criticism of the foregoing arrangement we would point out that:1. The spines of the front femur of numerous species included underStal's first major division are not setiform, but on the contrary,strongly chitinized.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALAjOGB. 52. Failure of the character of relative length of joints of front leg isadmitted in the key.3. " Usually winged " is an expression not applicable to Cerascopus.4. Reference to color markings of hemelytra is entirely out of placein a key to tribes and especially when both sections are the samein this respect.5. Ploiaria in the sense of Ploiariola (=Empicoris) is the inex-plicable but frequent error of using the name of this monobasicgenus for a species not the genotype nor congeneric with it.6. There are no one-segmented tarsi in the genera named by Stalin his Leistarcharia.7. Orthunga and Tinna are Saicinae not Ploiariinae.8. Cerascopus=Ploiaria and we include Luteva as congeneric.9. Head with eyes scarcely wider than apex of thorax is a characternot in contrast with that of certain forms in the first division ofkey, species of Ploiaria for instance.10. The attempt to define the tribes Emesaria and Metapteraria isfutile; all gradations in posterior nan-owing of head can befound in the species of the single genus Ghilianella. Most of thespecies of this genus have a spine or tubercle between antennaewhich would put the genus in the Metapteraria; and there isconfessedly nothing to depend upon in length of hind femur.11. Barce=Metapterus. Stal's character for separating them is ofno more than specific importance.TRIBES OF PLOIARIINAE ACCORDING TO DISTANT.A.1 Anterior femora spined beneath for their whole length.B.* Anterior tarsi short, not longer, or a little longer than the posterior tarsi
;
hemelytra present or absent, when present, so far as known, orna-mented with fuscous ; scutellum and postscutellum frequently spinedat apices. STENOLAEMARIA.Stenolaemus.Ploiariola.Myiophanes.Eugubinus.B.2 Anterior tarsi long, not, or a very little shorter than the tibiae ; hemelytraeither not or sometimes very strongly marked with fuscous.LEISTARCHARIA.Bagauda.Luteva.Ploearia.A.2 Anterior femora spined beneath only from about or near middle.C. 1 Head much narrowed at base; posterior femora either almost reachingor passing abdominal apex. EMESARIA.Ghilianella.Gomesius.Ischnobaena.Gardena.
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C. 2 Head not prominently narrowed posteriorly ; posterior femora nearlyreaching or passing abdominal apex ; head between antenniferoustubercles distinctly spinous or tuberculous. METAPTERARIA.Ischnonyctes.The criticisms of Stal's definitions of the tribes mostly apply toDistant's efforts also; and the lack of contrast in the characters as-signed to the last two tribes is even more apparent. The truth isthat the exact nature of important characters has been overlookedand an attempt made to define tribes upon criteria not acceptableeven for the differentiation of genera. In our view attempting torecognize tribes of Ploiariinae is no more likely at the presentmoment to elucidate the relationships of the genera, than one wouldbe led to suppose from the futile attempts of the past.CHARACTERS USED FOR THE RECOGNITION OF GENERA.In arriving at decisions as to what groups constitute valid generaand subgenera we have used as our criteria characters that appearto us to be of phylogenetic value, and in our arrangement have in-dicated what are in our opinion evolutionary steps insofar as theavailable material has permitted.We have used the wing venation to a greater extent than haspreviously been attempted in this group, and this character hasproved very useful in the alignment of related forms. As noted abovethe structure ?f the fore legs and their armatures, and especially thesegmentation and form of the fore tarsi, have been used to an evengreater extent than in preceding works upon this subfamily, butthese characters have invariably been correlated with venational andother structural characters in the final analysis before assigning anyparticular species to a genus or subgenus.In our work on this and other groups we have endeavored toutilize as generic indices characters which appear to us to indicatea common origin for the included species, and slight departures fromthe general rule such as we find in Ploiaria and Ghilianella., we havenot considered as sufficient grounds for elevating the divergent formsto full generic status. Had we failed to find the intermediate sub-genus Ploeodon.yx, linking GhUianella s.s. and Lissonyx we wouldvery probably have considered the latter as a valid genus but withan intermediate form present it is undesirable to give to these closelyrelated segregates the same rank as we accord to such distinctlyseparated genera as Gardena and Emesaya.In the case of the last two genera there is a striking similarity inwing venation accompanying a great dissimilarity in the structureof the fore legs, the tarsi of Gardena being of the generalized simpletype, while those of Einesaya are heavily chitinized and subfused.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 7In this case the evidence of the venation of the wings, in our opinion,outweighs that of the fore tarsal structure as an index to relation-ship, and we consider the genera as much more closely related toeach other than either is to Stenolemus or Emesa. That such a re-lationship should be expressed by the use of tribal designation maybe urged, but it should not be forgotten that characters of genericvalue are distributed in many intermeshing combinations and thatas a consequence, definition of tribes of phyletic significance becomesimpracticable.The characters used as generic criteria in this synopsis of thePloiariinae may have in allied subfamilies and families either moreor less significance, but in our work we have steadfastly adhered tothe idea that when classifying these insects we were dealing with agroup, which though related to others, is subject to modificationthrough influences that may or may not have affected these relatedgroups. Any group of organisms must be classified on the basis ofthe characters it possesses, and the value these or other charactershave in other groups, has nothng to do with the case. Classified onthe basis of venation practically all of the vast family of An-thomyiidae would fall into a single genus, on leg structure theJassoidea could be but little divided, nor could Coccidae on the char-acters of the beak, and so on. A synopsis of a group should bebased on characters inspection proves to be of value for that group.There has been no greater retarding factor in systematic entomologythan that of grafting supplementary work here and there upon theold. of using the characters and methods that have been used insteadof seeking something of greater significance. Each new piece ofsynoptic work should penetrate as much further into the heart ofthings as possible, judiciously noting and using, but neither copyingnor worshipping previous contributions to the study.Under each genus will be found a discussion of the characters anda systematic alignment of the included species, the groups being inall cases distinguished by means of characters that we consider areof more than specific value, but not of sufficient importance in mostcases to justify the use of a distinctive appellation for the groupsconcerned. METHOD OF DESCRIPTION.The keynote of descriptions throughout this paper is avoidance ofrepetition. In other words characters common to the whole sub-family are not mentioned in definitions of genera, and it has been ourintention to hold to the minimum, repetition in specific descrptions ofcharacters noted in descriptions of genera, in the keys to the species,or in descriptions of very similar forms. As a result, in some cases,specific descriptions may appear brief and inadequate. Nevertheless
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol.67we believe the method adopted to be the best, not only because itsaves space and therefore cost of printing, but what is more im-portant it avoids burying in a mass of verbiage, the really essentialpoints of characterization. Some entomologists insist upon the so-called full descriptions and while their motive is laudable, a littleconsideration of actual entomological practice indicates that theresults are not those hoped for. It seems the almost certain fate,for instance, when revising a group, to find that no matter how
" full " previous descriptions may be, they contain no mention of theparticular detail about which information is sought. And this defectis inherent in the very nature of taxonomic practice. In every revisionworthy of the name intensive search is made for new characters thatwill aid in classification of the group and the more success attainedin finding them the more will previous descriptions fail to satisfy.Viewed from this standpoint, it is obvious* that an isolated descrip-tion, however lengthy, might fail to mention any character essentialto recognition of the species. The moral is that the best methodof describing new forms is in revisions where keys are given, andother comparisons made with related forms. A few words of de-scription or comparison in such a connection is likely to be worthmore than pages of description not formulated as a result of re-visional work.Statements of length in this paper refer to greatest length fromfront of head to tip of abdomen or of hemelytra as the case may be.PRINCIPAL WORKS CITED.Because of the frequency with which certain writings on thePloiariinae are cited, it seems desirable to adopt much abbreviatedreferences to them. The shortened forms used and bibliographicreferences in full for the papers in point are given in the followinglists
:
Banks. Emesidae. 1909.Banks, Nathan. Notes on our species of Emesidae. Pysehe, vol. 1(5, No.3, June, 1909, pp. 43-48, 2 figs.Keys to genera and species of the United States ; 6 species described as new.Beegkoth. Ploeariinen. 1906.Bergroth, E. Zur Kenntnis der Ploeariinen. Verhandlungen der kaiser-lich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanisehen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 56,1906, pp. 305-321.Original descriptions of 6 American species, and redescription of one of Dohrn'sspecies.Champion. Biologia, 2. 1898.Champion, G. C. [Emesinae.] Biologia Centrali-Amerieana. Insecta.Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. vol. 2, pp. 162-175, pi. 10. figs7-24, October, 1898.Key to the genera, two of which and 9 species are described as new.
abt. 1 - AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE?McATEE AND MALLOCH 9Dohbn. Emksina. 1860.Dohkn, Anton. Beitriige zur einer monographischen Bearbeitung derFamilie der Emesina. Linnaea Entomologica, vol. 14. 1860, pp. 206-252,with Naehtrag, pp. 253-255, pi. 1.Key to the genera, of which 3 that occur in the Americas, and 15 species aredescribed as new.Dohrn. Nachtrage. 1863.Dohrn, Anton. Same title (Zweites Stuck) and journal, vol. 15, 1863,pp. 42-63, with Naehtrlige, pp. 64-76.Redescriptions of a number of genera and species both of Dohrn and otherauthors. In the Nachtrage, two genera and 4 species from the Americas aredescribed as new. KEY TO THE GENERA.We have placed in the following key only those genera of whichwe have examined authentic material, including a few of extralimitaldistribution inserted for comparative purposes. Notes on otherAmerican genera follow the key.1. Fore tarsi distinctly segmented, sometimes heavily chitinized and the seg-ments subfused, but the dividing sutures always visible under a high-power lens ; claws of fore tarsus consisting of an equal sized pair exceptin some species of Ploiaria and in Deliastes 2Fore tarsi without distinguishable segmentation under the highest powerlens (even when cleared), consisting of but one heavily chitinized seg-ment, with an unequal pair of claws, a single claw, or without distinctclaws 132. Fore femur without distinguishable ventral spines or bristles, only finehairs present ; third antennal segment as long as second and about -threetimes as long as fourth ; mesonotum without, metanotum with a spine
;
venation as in figure 1 3 Emesopsis Uhler (p. 13).Fore femur with distinct spines or bristles on ventral surface which arereadily distinguishable from any fine hairs which may be present exceptin some species of the genus Empicoris ; third antennal segment notnearly as long as second and frequently shorter than fourth 33. Ventral spines on fore femur commencing at or very close to base; foretibia very distinctly over half as long as fore femur 4Ventral spines of fore femur commencing at or very close to middle; foretibia not over half as long as fore femur 124. Forewing with a closed subtriangular cell at basal extremity of the largediseal cell, which does not touch margin of wing at any part (fig. 14) ;adults always winged ; prothorax always with a deep constriction anddistinctly bilobate, often pedunculate 5Forewing lacking a closed subtriangular cell at basal extremity of thelarge diseal cell (fig. 11) ; adults sometimes apterous; prothorax neitherpedunculate nor lobate, never more than slightly constricted 85. A longitudinal vein which connects with either the small subtriangularcell or the base of diseal cell fuses with the vein joining apex of former atsome distance from base of wing so that the disk of wing has 3 closed cells
3 The Oriental species of this genus which we have seen have very weak spines on theventral surface of fore femora and the antennae similar to those of Empicoris in generalstructure.94993?25 2
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM - vol. 07(figs. 45, 46, 47) ; mesonoturn and metanotuui sometimes with tuberclesbut without long spines at apices; fore tarsi 3-segmented.Emesa Fabricius (Westermannia Dohrn) (p. 38).When there is a vein connecting with the small discal cell it is usuallyshort and its end is either free or it does not fuse with the other longi-tudinal vein, i. e., disk of wing with but 2 closed cells (figs. 33, 63,66) 66. Mesonoturn and metanotuui without long spines; fore tarsi 3-segmented.Myiophanes Reuter (Extralimital).Mesonoturn and metanotum each with a long spine or thorn 77. Fore tarsi 3-segmented ; no short vein emanating from costal margin of basaldiscal cell of forewing (fig. 65) Polauchenia, new genus (p. 47).Fore tarsi 2-segniented ; a short vein emitted from costal margin of basaldiscal cell (figs. 21, 23, 26, 29) Stenolemus Signoret (p. 25).8. Fore tarsi 2-segmented, the segments nearly fused and subequal in length
;
claws unequal Deliastes Dohrn (p. 34).Fore tarsi either 3-segmented or the segments not as above and clawsequal 99. Pronotuni not extending over mesonoturn even in the winged forms ; foretarsus long, heavily chitinised, glossy and bare above, the 3 segmentsfused so closely that the oblique sutures are visible only under a veryhigh-power lens ; venation of forewings as in figures 73, 84, 89 ; adultsoften apterous Ploriaria Scopoli. (incl. Luteva Dohrn) (p. 48).Pronotum extending over mesonoturn to base of wings ; adults alwayswinged ; fore tarsus short, not heavily chitinized nor glossy and bareabove, the segmentation distinct 1010. Prothorax slightly constricted near anterior margin; mesonoturn, meta-notum, and basal abdominal tergite each with a long erect spine ; foretarsi 2-segniented.Empicoris Wolff ( =Ploiariodes Buchanan-White) (p. 13).Prothorax slightly constricted at or near middle ; mesonoturn without aspine; fore tarsi 3-segmented 1111. Basal segment of beak shorter than second ; fore tibia with a complete seriesof short ventral denticles ; venation of forewing as in figure 43.Lutevopsis Champion (p. 37).Basal segment of beak longer than second ; fore tibia with short decumbentpale setulae on ventral surface ; venation of forewing as in figure 38.Panamia Kirkaldy (p. 36).12. Fore tibia almost half as long as fore femur; basal ventral spine of forefemur not longer than the longest of the others ; fore tarsus with the seg-ments well defined, not heavily chitinized, hairy above; venation of fore-wing as in figure 94; mesonoturn highly glossy Gardena Dohrn (p. 06).Fore tibia not nearly half as long as fore femur ; basal ventral spine offore femur very distinctly longer than the longest of the others; foretarsus with the segments poorly defined, heavily chitinized, bare above;venation of forewing as in figure 137 ; mesothorax sericeous.Emesaya n.n. (for Emesa Authors not Fabricius) (p. 74).13. Fore tarsus with two longitudinal series of angularly deflected spines whichunder a high power appear like elongate knife-like teeth on its ventralsurface (fig. 166) ; head with a more or less pronounced spine or tuberclebetween bases of antennae, labrum closely adherent to base of rostrum,not projecting spine-like (fig. 165) ; adults never winged.Ghilianella Spinola (p. 90).Fore tarsus with two series of decumbent setulose hairs on its ventralsurface (fig. 141) ; adults sometimes winged 14
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 11
14. Head normally with two stout tubercles or spines, one between bases ofantennae and the other (labrum) above base of proboscis (fig. 139) ; pro-notura in winged form overlapping mesonotum to base of wings.Metapterus Costa (Barce Stal) (p. 83).Head with neither of the above mentioned tubercles or spines (fig. 140) ;pronotum in winged forms not overlapping mesonotum except at anteriorextremity Ischnonyctes Stal (Extralimital *).NOTES ON AMERICAN GENERA NOT INCLUDED IN THEFOREGOING KEY.Emesella Dohrn, Emesina. I860, p. 239. [Monobasic, E. ncbulosa, newspecies, genotype, Bolivia, pp. 239-240.] From the original description it isimpossible to determine the relationships of this group. If Emesella immitis(Bergroth, Ploeariinen, 1906, pp. 312-314, Venezuela) really is congeneric,we should say from inspection of imperfect specimens of this species, thatEmesella probably would place in our classification as a subgenus of Ghilianellanear Lissonyx. Signoret adds a species to this genus, namely E. dohrniRevision des Hemipteres du Chili, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 3, 1863,pp. 587-588 [Chili].Malacopus Stal, C. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens Hemipter-Fauna, 1862,pp. 80-81. [Monobasic, M. cellularis, new species genotype, Brazil.]Palacus Dohrn, Nachtriige, 1863, pp. 74-75 [Monobasic P. cubensis, newspecies genotype, Cuba, p. 75.] See remarks under Dcliastcs p. 34. The speciesdescribed by Guerin-Meneville as Ploiaria pallida is put in Palacus byLethierry and Severin, Cat. Gen. Hemip., vol. 3, 1896, p. 74. The original de-scription of the species occurs in Sagni, Ramon de la, Historia Fisica, Politica yNatural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 7, Crustaceos, Aragnides e Insectos, 1856 [Cuba].This name is preoccupied by Ploiaria pallida Montrouzier, P., Essai sur laFaune de l'lsle de Woodlark ou Moiou, Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon, ser. 2, vol. 7,pt. 1, 1855, p. 110.SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AMERICAN GENERAIn connection with this arrangement we would first point out thatin this as in most groups of existing insects there is little to whichthe much overworked word " primitive " can legitimately be applied.Rather we have in the modern insect world the products of speciali-zation along a multitude of intercrossing lines, any one of whichmay be highly specialized in some, and but little specialized in otherrespects. The selection of the least specialized form and the tracingof the probable course of evolution in a group, is, therefore, a sub-ject upon which opinion may vary greatly, according to the choiceof characters of primary, secondary, and lesser degrees of im-portance.Adhering to the idea that development of predatory efficiency isthe course of evolution of the Ploiariinae we believe little objectioncan be made to placing Emesopsis at the base of the American seriesof genera. While the venation of this genus is more complex and
4 There is a damaged specimen of Ischnonyctes in the National Collection, labelled N. O.,La., R. H. Browne. We assume this is an accidentally introduced individual, and that itwas collected in New Orleans.
12 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou 67therefore less specialized according to a prevalent view of the sub-ject, there can be little doubt that this specialization is secondary,for there is no probability that an insect participating in the longcourse of evolution of so specialized a group as the Ploiariinae couldcarry along the whole route a primitive type of venation.Theoretical considerations are involved also in the question as towhether the possession of 2-segmented fore-tarsi (a nymphal charac-ter) is a forward- or a backward-looking specialization. Despite thefact that it would appear to be a step toward greater predatoryeffectiveness we have been obliged to give greater weight to certainother characters when the whole organization of a genus having3-segmented fore tarsi seemed to be more perfectly fitted for preda-tion.We have endeavored to strike a fair balance among the charactersentitled to consideration in settling upon a systematic arrangement,and believe we have been in a better position for so doing than ourpredecessors because of the much larger amount of material ex-amined.Fore tarsi segmented.Fore femora without spines or bristles ; fore tarsi 2-segmented ; forewingreticulate toward base, with about 5-6 discal cells. Emesopsis (p. 13).Fore femora with spines or bristles; forewing (when present) withfewer discal cells.Fore femora s-pined for almost their whole length ; fore tibiae rela-tively long.Fore tarsi 2-segmented.Fore tarsi not heavily chitinized, basal segment the shorter, clawsequal; apices of meso- and meta-thoraces, each usually bearinga spine.Forewing with one discal cell ; prothorax scarcely constricted.Empicoris (p. 13).Forewing with two discal cells ; prothorax deeply constricted orpedicillate Stenolemus (p. 25).Fore tarsi heavily chitinized, segments subfused, subequal, claws un-equaled ; meso- and meta-thoraces without spines ; forewing with3 discal cells Deliastes (p. 34).Fore tarsi 3-segmented.Fore tarsi usually flexible, hairy, at least above, claws equal.Meso- and meta-notum each with a spine ; fore wing with 2 discalcells Polauchenia (p. 47).Meso- and meta-nota unspined.Fore wing with 3 discal cells Emesa (p. 38).Fore wing with 1 discal cell Panamia (p. 36).Lutevopsis (p. 37).Fore tarsi inflexible, polished, sutures inconspicuous, claws usuallyunequal ; fore-wing when present with 1 discal cell.Ploiaria (p. 48).Fore femora spined on distal half; fore tibiae relatively shorter; forewing with 1 discal cell Gardena (p. 66).Emesaya (p. 74).
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 13Fore tarsi not segmented (even in nymphs) ; fore wing (when present) with 2discal cells Metapterus (p. 83).Ghilianella (p. 90).SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.Genus EMESOPSIS Uhler.Emesopsis Uhler, P. R. A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera collected in theIsland of St. Vincent by Mr. Herbert H. Smith ; with descriptions of New Generaand Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 718 [Monobasic, genotype E.nubilus, new species, St. Vincent: Cuba] .In addition to the characters in the key the following may bementioned for this genus: Head and prothorax similar to those ofEmpicoris, the prothorax however, without lateral carinae. Themesonotum is produced into a backwTardly directed subtriangularprocess which is rounded above, the metanotum has a long erectslender spine at apex, and the basal abdominal tergite has a muchshorter spine. Fore tarsi as in Stenolemus: Basal segment of beakabout twice as long as second, the latter subglobose; the third jointslender, nearly as long as first. The reticulate venation of coriumis very characteristic (see fig. 1).EMESOPSIS NUBILUS Uhler.Emesopsis nubilus Uhler, P. R. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, pp. 718-9[St. Vincent: Cuba].A testaceous yellow species without distinct markings, the forewings with indistinct yellowish brown mottling; eyes ruby red.Posterior lobe of head convex, distance from posterior margin ofeye to back of head about twice as great as from anterior margin ofeye to front of head and greater than width of eye; hairs of antennaemuch shorter than those of mid and hind legs. Fore coxae a littleover half as long as fore tibiae, the latter over four-fifths as longas femur. Abdomen elongate ovate, the lateral outline smooth, spi-racles slightly elevated; spical margin of male hypopygium pro-duced into a subtriangular plate, the apex of which is thorn-like;claspers long, slender, curved at apices; apex of abdomen of femalewithout processes, similar to that of females of Emficoris. Vena-tion of fore wing as in figure 1.Length 4^5 mm.Localities.?Mount Gay Estate, and Balthazar, Grenada, WestIndies, H. H. Smith; Cayamas, Cuba, May 31, June 5, E. A.Schwarz; Cuba, Uhler Collection (U.S.N.M.).Genus EMPICORIS Wolff.Empicoris Wolff, J. F. Icones Cimicum Descriptionibus illustratae, Fasc.5, 1811, p. iv [Monobasic, Gerris vagabundus Linnaeus genotype].Ploiariodes White, F. Buchanan. Descriptions of new species of Heterop-terous Hemiptera collected in the Hawaiian Islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn.
?
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol.67No. 3, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 5, vol. 7, 1S81, pp. 58-59. [Monobasic, P.whitei Blackburn ms., genotype, Mauna Loa.]Ploiariola Reuter, P. M. Revisio synonymica Heteropterorum palearcti-corum quae descripserunt Auctores vetustiores (Linnaeus 1758-Latreille 1806).II. Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae, vol. 15, 1888, p. 711 [New name for Ploiaria ofLatreille not of Scopoli, the genotype of which, Cimex vagabundus Linnaeusautomatically assumed the same relation to the new name.]Emendations: Ploeariodcs; Ploeariola.We are not in ignorance of what has been said5 in favor of re-garding Ploiariodes and Ploiariola as distinct genera, but we findthe chief character advanced for their separation, namely the lateralcarina of pronotum, showing practically all phases from distinct toobsolete.6 Even were this character unequivocal we should regardit of no more than subgeneric value in view of the agreementthroughout the species in general coloration and habitus as wellas in the venation of the forewings and the structure of the forelegs. All species known to us have the legs and antennae as wellas the beak with blackish spots or annuli, and the wings are in-variably dark spotted. The head and thorax have silvery hairs, usu-ally arranged in distinct lines, some of these being almost invaria-bly evident on pleura and pectus. The pronotum is more or lessdistinctly vittate, at least behind the constriction but there aresome differences in this respect which are used in defining a few ofthe species; the carina on side of pronotum is nearly always pale.The abdomen usually is dark, with the spiracles and spots on con-nexivum pale, the venter finely pubescent, with more or less ofthe median line, and sometimes spots about bases of certainlonger hairs, bare.The radial vein runs to beyond the middle of the fore wing, end-ing in the costa, the apical portion of it being what we have calledthe " stigma " which offers some good distinguishing characters forthe species both in its shape and color. The pronotum is divided intotwo parts by a broad constriction, the anterior part being about halfas long as the posterior, but there are no species known to us inwhich the pronotum is at all pedicillate. All species have the meso-notum and metanotum, and usually the basal abdominal tergite witha slender thorn on the middle of the hind margin; the presence orabsence of a process, on middle of hind margin of the pronotum is aspecific character. The spines or bristles on fore femora are some-times difficult to see even with a high power lens.
B Especially Bergroth, E. Ploeariodes B. White und Ploeariola Reut. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae. ) Rev. Russe d'Ent., vol. 9, No. 3, Nov. 1909. p. 324.
? We have examined several species from the Oceanic region in addition to thosetreated herein.
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 15KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Pronotum with the lateral carinae distinguishable only at anterior and pos-terior extremities, obsolete in middle; eighth sternite in male with a largerounded central incision in posterior margin (tig. 2) ; stigma with a red-dish line along inner or posterior margin from cross-vein to apex.rubromaculatus (Blackburn) (p. 16).Pronotum with the lateral carinae complete, pale colored on their entirelength ; eighth sternite in male produced in middle of hind margin ; stigmawithout a red line along inner margin apically 22. Pronotum with two dorsal linear yellowish carinae similar to the lateralcarinae, extending the entire length of dorsum ; dark markings of forewingspeppered with minute hyaline dots ; lateral carinae of pronotum not capi-tate at anterior extremity barberi (McAtee and Malloch) (p. 19).Pronotum without sharp dorsal carinae, with two slight rounded longitudinalelevations ; dark markings of forewings solid ; lateral carinae more or lessdistinctly, produced or capitate at anterior extremities 33. Hind wings conspicuously spotted with black apically, or fuscous with whitereticulations 4Hind wings not spotted apically or very faintly so at extreme tip (cf.orthoneuron) 54. Pronotum with a conspicuous tubercle on middle of hind margin ; anterior ex-tremity of lateral carina of pronotum with a small capitate process whichprojects nearly at right angles to pronotum ; fore wings not perceptiblyhoneycombed as in next species; vein closing posterior half of apex of dis-cal cell much more conspicuously bent than its fellow (tig. 11).errabundus (Say) (p. 24).Pronotum without a median tubercle on hind margin; lateral carina of pro-notum with at most a slight process at anterior extremity which is notcapitate nor at right angles to pronotum ; fore wings microscopically honey-combed with fine black lines which are most noticeable basad of apex ofdiscal cell and in the dark spots of membrane (best seen in transmittedlight) ; veins closing discal cell almost symmetrically formed.reticulatus, new species (p. 20).5. Both veins closing discal cell of hemelytra at apex nearly straight (fig. 4) ;posterior lobe of pronotum not narrowed in front, a little broader than long,without a median process on middle of hind margin, the lateral carina witha small process at anterior extremity ; wing without microscopic honeycomb-ing; hind wings may be faintly spotted apically.orthoneuron, new species (p. 18).At least the vein closing posterior half of apex of discal cell conspicuouslybent or angulated ; posterior lobe of pronotum as long as or longer thanbroad, narrowed anteriorly, the sides not straight ; wings without micro-scopic honeycombing6. The large fuscous spots on forewings irrorated with minute clear dots ; oneor two of the spines at base of ventral series on fore femur about as longas the femoral diameter and quite stout ; fore coxa stouter than usual, notlonger than distance from coxal cavity to upper margin of pronotum ; tu-bercle on hind margin of pronotum small, the lateral carina with a smallprocess at anterior extremity which projects at nearly right angles to thepronotum parshleyi (Bergroth) (p. 22).The large fuscous spots on forewings not irrorated; fore femoral spinesnot nearly as long as the femoral diameter; fore coxa longer than dis-tance from coxal cavity to upper margin of pronotum anteriorly 7
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67
7. Pronotum with a distinguishable tubercle on middle of hind margin 8Pronotum without a distinguishable tubercle on middle of hind margin- 108. Tubercle on middle of hind margin of pronotum very small, the linear whitevittae distinct in front of constriction, almost straight, disk almost bare
;
bases of fore wings spotted with fuscous.subparallelus, new species (p. 21).Tubercle on middle of hind margin of pronotum large 90. Pronotum with two conspicuously curved linear pilose white vittae whichare distinct in front of constriction ; bases of fore wings white.nudus, new species (p. 22).Pronotum with two moderately broad whitish vittae which do not extendin front of constriction nor to hind margin, the disk with rather con-spicuous white decumbent hairs; eighth sternite in male with a veryslender apical process (fig. 8) armatus (Champion) (p. 20).10. Stigma linear, entirely black, forming a conspicuous costal streak centeredon vein closing costal half of discal cell, the latter much longer than thatclosing the other half (fig. 6) ; cross-veins in middle of hind wing forminga straight line (fig. 7) winnemana, new species (p. 19).Stigma widened beyond vein closing costal half of diseal cell, the latternot longer than that closing other half (fig. 3) ; cross-veins in middle ofhind wing forming an angulate line 1111. Stigma with two or three blackish spots beyond the cross-vein; male hy-popygial claspers knobbed, the knob concave at tip (fig. 9).culiciformis (DeGeer) (p. 23).Stigma without dark spots beyond the cross-vein ; claspers not knobbed.vagabundus (Linnaeus) (p. 17).SYSTEMATIC ABKANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.Lateral carinae of pronotum incomplete ; armature of fore femora consisting ofuniform bristly hairs, none as long as femoral diameter; pronotum withouttubercle on hind margin rubromaculatus.Lateral carinae of pronotum complete.Armature of fore femora consisting chiefly of bristly hairs, often withspine-like bases.Pronotum without a tubercle on hind margin vagabundus.orthoneuron.barberi.winnemana.reticulatus.Prontum with a tubercle on hind margin armatus.subparallelus.nudus.Armature of fore femora more definitely spinous, usually a few spinesat base of series are longer than the others.Pronotum without a tubercle on hind margin. parshleyi.culiciformis.Pronotum with a tubercle on hind margin. errabundus.EMPICORIS RUBROMACULATUS (Blackburn).Ploiariodes rubromaculata Blackburn, T. Notes on the Hemiptera of theHawaiian Islands, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser. 2, vol. 3, 1889, p. 349[Mauna Loa, Hawaii].
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 17Ploiariodes curyale Kirkaldy, G. W. A Catalogue of the Hemiptera ofFiji, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol. 33, 1908, p. 372 [Kiwa, Fiji].Ploiariodes californica Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 46 [Stanford Uni-versity, Calif.].Ploiariola froggatti Horvath, G. Miscellanea heuiipterologiea XV, Ann. Mus.Nac. Hung., vol. 12,' 1914, pp. 643-644, fig. 5 [Sydney, New South Wales].This species is readily distinguished by the characters cited in thekey. In some cases the anterior rudiment of the lateral carina isdark in color and therefore inconspicuous. The fore femur is aboutas long as the pronotum and the apical antennal segment is notover one-third as long as the third segment. This species has noround bare spots at bases of the longer hairs on venter as in erra-bundus and some others. For the male genitalia, see figure 2.Length : 5-5.5 mm.Specimens examined.?Kilauea, Hawaii, 4,000 feet. (Bishop Mus.,det. Kirkaldy) ; Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii, 5,000 feet, R. C. Perkins(British Mus.); Mount View, Calif., G. W. Ehrhorn; AlamedaCounty, Calif., December (U.S.N.M.) ; Salinas, Calif., June 20, 1908,Riverside, Calif., June 10, 1908, E. D. Ball (Ball) ; Stanford Uni-versity, Calif., September (Holotype of Ploiariodes californicaBanks, Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Palo Alto, Calif., Sept., 1908, Bradley(Van Duzee); Berkeley, Calif., Oct. 31, J. C, Bradley (CornellUniv.); Calcedonia, Miss., June 24, 25, 1921, C. J. Drake; Gaines-ville, Fla., J. R. Watson (Drake) ; Chain Bridge, Va., Sept. 11,1921, J. R. Malloch. (Biol. Survey) ; Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, July23, 1916, E. G. Smyth (U.S.N.M.); Tallabao near Ponce, PortoRico, July 28, 1914 (Am. Mus.) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (CarnegieMus.).A male collected at Funchal, Madeira, December 30, by F. Jones(U.S.N.M.) differs only in having no red streak along inner marginof the stigma. Since this marking varies in extent and intensitym the other specimens studied we are not inclined to consider thisform as a distinct species.EMPICORIS VAGABUNDUS (Linnaeus).Cimex vagabundus Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae,secundum Ordines, Genera, Species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis,locis., ed. 10, 1758, p. 450 (Engelmann Reprint 1894) [Europe].We have examined several European specimens of this specieswhich agree in all particulars with those from North America.The armature of fore femora, the lack of pronotal tubercle, andthe shape and color of the stigma are characteristic; the apicalantennal segment is not more than one-third as long as preapical.Apex of forewing as in figure 3.Length; 6-7 mm.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67KEY TO THE VARIETIES.A. Antennae and fore femora with very short hairs, those on the former verylittle longer than the segmental diameter ; general color usually somewhatfuscous vagabundus.AA. Antennae and fore femora with very long hairs, those on the formerabout four times as long as the diameter of segments ; general color usu-ally whitish pilosus.EMPICORIS VAGABUNDUS, var. VAGABUNDUS (Linnaeus).Original citation same as for the species.Ploiariola canadensis Parshley, H. M. On some Hemiptera from West-ern Canada. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University ofMichigan, No. 71, Aug. 29, 1919, pp. 25-27 [Victoria, B. C.].American specimens examined are from Victoria, B. C, August 18,25, 1919, W. Downes, including type of P. canadensis Parshley(Downes, Parshley.) ; Washington, D. C, from the breeding cageof the Division of Entomology, June 10, 1898, F. H. Chittenden(Cornell Univ.). The scutellar spine is not developed in Parshley'stype and in certain other specimens, but this is a malformation.EMPICORIS VAGABUNDUS, var. PILOSUS (Fieber).Ploearia pilosa Fieber, F. X. Die europaischen Hemiptera. Halbfliigler(Rhynchota Heteroptera ) , 1861, pp. 149-150 [France].Ploiariodes hirtipes Banks, N. A new species of Emesidae from VermontPsyche, vol. 19, No. 3, June 1912, p. 97 [Brattleboro, Vt.].This variety is represented in North American material by speci-mens which agree exactly with a European example.Full data for the specimens examined are: Wisconsin; Pennsyl-vania no other data (U.S.N.M.) ; Nantucket, Mass., Aug. 21, 1911(Parshley); Victoria, B. C, Aug. 16, 18, 1919, W. Downes(Downes) ; Brattleboro, Vt, July 15, 1908, C. W. Johnson, type ofP. hirtipes Banks (Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.).This form has been recorded also from Gogebic County, Mich.(Hussey, B. F., Pysche, 28, No. 1, Feb. 1921, p. 10).EMPICORIS ORTHONEURON. new species.Male.?Similar to errabundus in color, except that the type showsno distinct spotting at the apices of the hind wings, but these wingsin this specimen are in poor condition and it is not possible to be.absolutely sure of this character. The venation of apex of thediscal cell is as in reticulatits, but the minute honeycomb of linesis absent (fig. 4), the stigma is narrower, fuscous, and there is amore conspicuous blackish mark on middle of veins closing discalcell and the base of the vein that emanates from them. The formof the apical sternite is shown in figure 5.Length, 4 mm.
aet. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 19Holotype.?Monterey, Calif., July 12. E. A. Schwarz (U.S.N.M.).A female from Santa Cruz, Calif., August (Coll. Parshley) also isin poor condition, the wings being stuck to abdomen, but apparentlythe hind pair are faintly spotted apically.Type.?Cut. No. 27090 U.S.N.M.KM PI(ORIS BARBERI (McAtee and Malloch).Ploiariodes barberi McAtee, W. L., and Maixoch, J. R. American MuseumNovitates, No. 75, May 11, 1923, pp. 7-8 [Porto Rico].Male.?Head with white pruinosity in front of eyes and a whiteline from base of each antenna, which connects with another thatruns diagonally from lower hind margin of eye to upper occiput;faint lines of pruinosity on lower sides of pronotum in front and onpleura, and posterior and lateral margins, and lateral and dorsalcarinae of pronotum white. Abdominal spiracles white; ventermottled, each sternite with a large round bare spot on each side onhind margin. Antennae and legs with narrow annulations, a sub-apical one on each femur and on first segment of antenna broader.Dark areas on fore wings profusely areolate with minute pale dots;apices of hind wings fuscous with white reticulations.Pronotum without median tubercle on hind margin; submediandorsal carinae as sharp as the lateral ones, but little curved ; meso-notal and metanotal thorns absent in type, the one at base of abdomendistinct. Apical abdominal sternite not deeply excavated at tip. Forefemur with very weak ventral spinules. Stigma normal, cross-veinclosing apex of discal cell on its anterior half straight, the other onecurved.Length (without wings) : 3 mm.Holotype.?Tallabao, near Ponce, Porto Rico, July 23, 1914, H. G.Barber (American Museum).Named in honor of the collector. This is one of the most distinctspecies known to us. The submedian dorsal pronotal carinae arenot sharp in any other species, and the only other which has the darkareas of the forewings with minute hyaline dots is P. parshhyiBergroth. EMPICORIS WINNEMANA, new species.Male.?This species differs from all the others in having the legsand antennae almost entirely brownish fuscous, with but faint annuliexcept at extreme apices of segments, the fore and mid femora aloneshowing distinguishable annuli. The pronotum is almost uniformlybrownish and the thoracic spines are stramineous. The wings are asin errabwndus, but the linear stigma is entirely black as far beforeas beyond the cross-vein.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Antenna with short pubescence, apical segment over one-third aslong as the subapical. Lateral carina of pronotum not sharp. Apicalabdominal sternite subtriangular, hypopygial claspers slender, ta-pered at apices. Fore femur over twice as long as coxa, ratherdensely short haired ventrally, the spines minute. Stigma and veinsclosing discal cell as in figure 6. Cross-veins in middle of hindwing forming a straight line (fig. 7).Female.?Similar to male, the abdomen broader.Length, 4.5 mm.Holotype.?Plummer Island, Md., October 10, 1921, taken at lightin the cabin of the Washington Biologists' Field Club, H. L. Viereck(U.S.N.M.) , Allotype, Vienna, Va., October 17, 1890, (Cornell Univ.)
.
Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26703, U.S.N.M.EMPICORIS RETICULATUS. new species.Male and female.?Similar to erraJby/ndus in color, the spots atapices of hind wings very distinct. Differs as indicated in key, thereticulation or honeycombing of forewings visible only under a veryhigh power. The apical abdominal sternite of male is similar to thatof orthoneuron and quite different from that of errabundus (figs. 5and 12) . As in errabundus and orthoneuron the cross-veins in mid-dle of hind-wings are angulated and the apices of forewings arenotched where the vein joins the margin. Apical antennal segmentnearly half as long as preapical. Base of abdomen with a muchshorter dorsal thorn than in errabundus.Length, 5-6 mm.Holotype.?Male, Cordoba, Mexico, December 25, 1907, F. Knab,Allotype, found on imported orchids from Port Barrios, Guatemala
;
Paratype male, Natchez, Miss., June 2, 1909, E. A. Schwarz(U.S.N.M.) ; female, Plummer Island, Md., August, 1903, A. Busck(Cornell Univ.) ; Plummer Island, Md., Sept. 9, Falls Church, Va.,Oct. 13, N. Banks; Maiden, Mass., Oct., 1883, F. H. Sprague (Mus.Comp. Zool.).Type, allotype, and paratype.?Cat. No. 26704, U.S.N.M.EMPICORIS ARMATUS (Champion).Ploiariodes armata Champion, G. C. Biologia, vol. 2. 189S, p. 165 [Guate-mala ; Panama].Plocariola mansueta Bergroth, E. The American Species of Ploeariola Reut.(Hem. Reduviidae). Notulae Entomologicae, vol. 2, 1922, pp. 51, 80-81 [San-ford, Fla., Mandeville, Jamaica].Head with white decumbent hairs which form three curved longi-tudinal lines on each side, one from lower posterior angle of eye, onefrom just above middle of eye and a third from upper posterior an-gle of eye, the latter curved inward at middle. Pronotum with two
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 21
whitish submedian vitlae which do not reach anterior or posteriormargins, the space betwen them yellowish, laterad of these and acrosstheir posterior extremities dark brown, hind margin of pronotumnarrowly pale yellowish in middle, broadly so on each posterior Ma-terial angle, dorsum with rather dense decumbent white hairs; meso-notal spine dark brown, pale at tip; mentanotal spine whitish; basalabdominal spine dark brown. Abdomen brown, venter unspotted,spiracles and a connexival streak in front of them on each segment,whitish. Wing spots not irrorate; stigma from cross-vein to neartip filled with two contiguous or subcontiguous brown or fuscousspots.Lateral pronotal carina complete, without anterior process; me-dian process on hind margin of pronotum stout, conspicuous. Forecoxa slender, almost as long as pronotum and half as long as femur.Vein closing posterior half of discal cell much curved. Apical anten-nal segment fully one-third as long as preapical. Male genitalia asin figure 8.Length, 4-5.5 mm.Localities.?Sanford, Fla., April 26, 1908, Mandeville, Jamaica,April 1906, E. P. Van Duzee (Type material Ploeariola mansuetaBergroth, Coll. Van Duzee) ; Aibonito, Porto Rico, July 14-17, 1914(Am. Mus.) ; Paraiso, Canal Zone, February 10, 1911 E. A. Schwarz;Cacao Trece Aguas, Guatemala, April 21, E. A. Schwarz and H. S.Barber; Vega Alta, Porto Rico, February 26, 1917, R. J. Cotton,Paradise Key, Fla., Feb. 28, 1918, E. A. Schwarz (U.S.N.M.) ; Se-bastian, Fla., February 11, 1919, A. Wetmore (Biol. Survey)
;
Gainesville, Fla., June 9, 1918, C. J. Drake (Drake.).We had this species identified as armatus Champion prior to theappearance of Doctor Bergroth's paper and to settle whether wewere in error we requested W. E. China to supply data from anexamination of the type. The information kindly furnished by thatgentleman confirms our identification and synonymy.EMPICORIS SUBPARALLELUS, new species.Male.?Similar to nudus in color and structure, differing as statedin ke}r . The black spots on antennae are much smaller than innudus, and especially apically, the last two segments in nudus be-ing almost entirely fuscous whereas in subparallelus they are largelywhite, the apical segment having a small black spot at base and alarger one near apex.Length, 4.5 mm.Type.?Cayamas, Cuba, March 2, E. A. Schwarz (U.S.N.M.).A female specimen from Brownville, Texas, May 7, H. S. Barber,(U.S.N.M.), lacking the head and most of the legs appears to belong
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. (57to this species; the pronotal tubercle is better developed than inthe type.Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26705, U.S.N.M.EMPICORIS NUDUS, new species.Female.?Head marked as in armatus; the white lines are notcomposed of moderately long decumbent hairs but of microscopicpile or pruineseence, and the two lines on dorsum are regularlyarcuate, the anterior and posterior extremities being incurved. Thedorsum of pronotum is chocolate brown on disk between the whitelines, the latter are very slender, converge from anterior margin toconstriction, and then arcuately diverge, ending a short distance fromhind margin of pronotum; laterad of the white lines the posteriorhalf of pronotum is paler brown; there is a slender white Y-shapedmark extending from constriction over humerus on each side, awhite line along the hind margin, and the lateral carinae are white.In other respects as annatus.Pronotum almost nude, processes and spines as in armatus. Forecoxa stouter than in that species, distinctly shorter than pronotum,and half as long as femur; stigmatal spot farther from apex.Apical antennal segment fully half as long as preapical.Length, 4.5 mm.Holotype.?Paradise Key, Fla., March 6, 1919, E. A. Schwarzand H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.).EMPICORIS PARSHLEYI (Bergroth).Ploeariola parsJileyi Bergroth, E. Am. Ploeariola. Notulae Entomologicae,vol. 2, 1922, pp. 50-51 and 79 [Falls Church, Va.].Color decidedly more brownish than in errabundus. Dorsum ofpronotum behind suture pale yellowish brown, but little darker thanthe lateral carinae; thoracic spines pale. Venter of abdomen palebrown, unspotted. Most of the fuscous spots on wings and espe-cially those in discal cell with minute clear dots in them; apices ofhind wings not spotted. Legs and antennae ringed and spotted withfuscous.Pronotum with lateral carina, which has a small process at anteriorextremity, and with a poorly developed but distinguishable medianprocess on hind margin. Fore legs short and stout, the femur notlonger than the pronotum, the coxa about half as long as the femurand not longer than distance from coxal cavity to upper anteriormargin of pronotum. Stigma normal, rather broadly rounded atapex; discal cell produced at apex, both veins closing cell curved.Apical antennal segment fully half as long as preapical.Length, 5-6 mm.
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 23Localities.?Falls Church, Va., August 1, N. Banks (Holotype,Coll. Bergroth) ; same locality, August 22 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.)same locality, August 6, 25, N. Banks (Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; PlummerIsland, Md., June 27, 1911, August 10, 1915, H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) ; Contoocook, N. H., July 16, 1920, E. W. Hall (Drake) ;Beverly, Mass., July 15, 1906 (Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.).EMPICORIS CULICIFORMIS (De Geer).Cimex culiciformis De Geek, Charles. Mem. Hist. Insects, 3, 1773, pp.323-8, pi. 17, figs. 1-S [France].l'loiaria alata Scopoli, J. A. Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae, etc.,pt. 3, 1788, pp. 52-53, pi. 25, figs. 6-10 [Austria].Gerris erraticus Faixen, C. F. Monographia Cimicum Sueciae, 1818, pp.117-118.l'loiaria maeulata Haldeman, S. S. Descriptions of several new species andone new genus of insects. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phila., vol. 3 (1846-7) 1848,p. 151 [Pennsylvania]. A longer description is given in a later article byHaldeman entitled " On four new species of Hemiptera of the genera Ploiaria,Cbermes, and Aleurodes," etc. (Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1850, p. 108).Ploiariodes errabunda Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 46 [Va., Md.].We have before us several European specimens of this species in-cluding one male. A number of North American specimens, com-prising males also, agree in every particular Avith those from Europeso that we have been compelled to accept the American species asculiciformis. In color it agrees very closely with errabundus but itis distinguished structurally as indicated in the key, and also by thelateral carina of the pronotum lacking the anterior process. Theapical sternite in male is more broadly rounded at apex than in erra-bundus and the hj^popygial claspers are knobbed at apices as shownin figure 9. No other species so far as we know has this last struc-tural peculiarity. The wings are as in errabundus but the hind pairare not spotted apically (fig. 10). Apical antennal segment abouthalf as long as preapical. One or two of the basal ventral spines onfore femur quite prominent.Length, 4?4.5 mm.Localities.?Boston, Mass., Oct. 26,1921, H. Biddle (Bost. Soc. Nat.Hist.) ; Pennsylvania, June, Uhler Coll. labeled as type of Ploiariamaeulata Haldeman (U. S. N. M.) ; Plummer Island, Md., May 22,1912, at light, E. A. Schwarz (U. S. N. M.) ; Kenilworth, D. C, July26, 1912, O. Heidemann (Cornell Univ.) ; Eastern Branch, D. C,May 14, 1901, at light, A. Busck (Van Duzee) ; Maywood, Va., Oct.16, 1915, W. L. McAtee (McAtee) ; Vienna, Va., Aug. 17, 1913, H. G.Barber (Barber) ; Falls Church, Va., May 27, July 20, 25, Aug. 2,29, N. Banks (M. C. Z.) ; Falls Church, Va., July 20, N. Banks (Cor-nell Univ.) ; Falls Church, Va., Aug. 6, and no date (Van Duzee) ;Falls Church, Va., Aug. 7, N. Banks (Parshley) ; Falls Church, Va.,
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Sept. 29, N. Banks (McAtee) ; Falls Church, Va., Aug. 22, N. Banks(U. S. N. M.) ; Berkeley, W. Va., Aug. 20, 1891 (Cornell Univ.) ;The Dalles, Ore., May 19 (Cornell Univ.).With reference to the supposed type of Ploiaria maculata Halde-man listed above it is to be said that in Haldeman's first article thedata for his specimen are given as " Pennsylvania, July," and inthe second " Pennsylvania, June and July." Uhler tells us
:
7 " Prof.Haldeman generously gave me the type of his description," but thisspecimen is the type of the second, not the original description. Thelatter. Haldeman informs us, was mutilated and now probably is lost.This species, next to erraburtdus, is the commonest of the genusin America. EMPICORIS ERRABUNDUS (Say).Ploiaria crrabunda Say, Thomas. Descriptions of new species of Heterop-terous Hemiptera of North America, 1831 ; Reprint Trans. N. Y. State Agr.Soc. 1857, p. 804; Complete Writings, vol. 1, 1859, p. 359 [North America].Ploiariodes tuberculata Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 46 [Sea Cliff, N. Y.,Falls Church, Va.].In addition to the characters mentioned in the key, this specieshas the venter with dense appressed white pile except on numeroussmall round areas at bases of the longer hairs which give it under aa moderate magnification the appearance of being spotted. Thefore coxa is nearly as long as the pronotum, the cross-veins in thehind wing form an angulated line, both the veins closing the discalcell are curved so that the apex of the cell is drawn out into a ratherlong point, the stigma is spotted beyond the cross-vein (fig. 11), andthe eighth sternite in the male has an obtusely pointed terminalprocess (fig. 12). The apical antennal segment is one-third as longas preapical. Fore tibia and tarsus as in figure 13.Length : 4-4.5 mm.Our most common and widely distributed species, represented inthe material examined by the following collections : Paris, Me., July4, 1916, C. A. Frost (Parshley) ; Monmouth, Me., July 27, 1912,C. A. Frost; Fall River, Mass., May 22, 1911, N. S. Easton (Bost.Soc. Nat, Hist.) ; Amherst, Mass., June 5, 1914; Cold Spring Har-bor, New York, July 29, O. B. Meiner (Parshley) ; Sea Cliff, N. Y.,Aug., N. Banks (M. C. Z.) ; White Plains, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1909(Bueno) ; Penn Mar, Pa., July 15 (Cornell Univ.) ; Bedford Co.,Pa., Aug. 8, O. Heidemann (Cornell Univ.) ; Bedford Co., Pa.,Aug. (E. P. Van Duzee) ; Cropley, Md., April 27, 1910, laid eggssoon after capture, H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) ; Forest Glen, Md.,July 14, 1915, at light, O. Heidemann (Cornell Univ.) ; PlummerIsland, Md., May 7, 1916, R. C. Shannon (U.S.N.M.); Plummer
7 I'roc. Hoston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 19, p. 431, Nov. 1878.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARITNAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 25Island, Md., May 21, 1910, Aug. 16, 1914, W. L. McAtee (Biol.Survey) ; Falls Church, Va., Aug. 7, Sept. 24 (type of P. tuber-cidata Banks), N. Banks (Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Herndon, Va., Aug.1911, H. G. Barber (Barber, Bueno, U.S,N.M.) ; Mount Vernon, Va..Aug. 20, 1916, W. L. McAtee (McAtee) ; Berkeley Springs, W. Va.,Sept. 20, 1886 (Cornell Univ.) ; Thomasville, Ga., Mrs. A. P. Tay-lor (U.S.N.M.) ; Michigan (U.S.N.M.); Ridgeway, Ont., Aug. 7,1886; E. P. Van Duzee (Iowa Agr. Coll.); Kansas (E. P. VanDuzee) ; Onaga, Kansas, F. F. Crevecoeur (U.S.N.M.) ; Texas, UhlerColl. (U.S.N.M.) ; Dallas, Tex., June 7, 1907, F. C. Pratt (U.S.N.M.) ;Kerrville, Tex., June 19, 1907, F. C. Pratt (U.S.N.M.); Mexico(Cornell Univ.).After a careful examination of all the American species available,and consideration of Say's original description, we have no doubtthat this is the species Say had before him and not that here iden-tified as culiciformis De Geer which has gone under the name erra-bunda. The present species has the small knob on the anterior endof lateral carina of prothorax, which Say specifically mentions("the lateral carinate line of the thorax has a prominence like anobtuse spine before "), while the other never has it so far as we havebeen able to find. The fact that no mention was made by Say of themedian process on middle of hind margin of pronotum may havebeen due either to his considering it of generic value or to oversight,the latter being not at all improbable as the tubercle is net conspicu-ous except when viewed from the side.Genus STENOLEMUS Signoret.Stetwlcmus Signoret, V. Description d'un nonveau Genre de la Tribu desLongicoxes, Amyot et Serville. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 3, vol. 6, 1858, pp.251-2, pi. 6, figs. 1-3 [Monobasic, 8. spiniventris, new species, genotype.]Phantasmatophanes Kirkaldy, G. W. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji,Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 33, 1908, pp. 369-370, fig. 2 [Monobasic,P. muiri, new species, genotype.]Emendation. Stenolacm us.In species of this genus the labrum is closely adherent to base ofrostrum and there is no spine between bases of antennae; the apicesof the latter are more or less enlarged, ending in an acute processwhich may be more or less curved or angled. The prothorax isvery variable in structure, but is always carried backward overmesonotum to the bases of wings, and is very noticeably constrictednear middle, or pedicillate; there are great differences in the lengthof the pedicel connecting the anterior and posterior lobes. Somespecies have merely a constriction while others have a long pediceLThis difference is however not coordinated with any other outstand-ing structural character except in the case of arizonensis which has
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. G7the venation of forewing different from that of the other species;we consider this species entitled to subgeneric rank. The mesonotumand metanotum each have a long spine on middle of hind margin.The male hypopygium is of the form shown in figure 16. Forefemur spinose from base, fore tarsus not heavily chitinized, shortand straight, with two distinct segments, hairy above and below;claws equal.With the exception of S. arizonensis members of this genus arewhitish to stramineous with brown to black markings of variableextent; their usual pale coloration and the abundance of long hairson most parts of the body give them a habitus quite distinct amongAmerican genera. While the extent to which dark markings prevailis variable, the pattern is nearly the same throughout all of the sub-genus Stenolemus. The principal features of these markings arethe following : Bands differing in number, width and intensity, andsometimes in character of pubescence, and even of the supportingintegument, on antennae and legs; two longitudinal vittae on topof anterior lobe of head; a band on each side of head from necktoward eyes dividing so as to leave the tubercles and a spot behindeach eye pale; on prothorax a stripe nearly percurrent on lowersurface, embracing most of pedicel, and sending a tongue posteriorlyalong side of posterior lobe, and anteriorly a band above front coxa,and a broad vitta each side of the median line on dorsum, theselatter vittae interrupted by one or two pale stripes on outer sidenear base ; mesothorax and metathorax largely dark, with pale edg-ings, and abdomen the same, more or less marked with pale. Inmost cases we have figured the forewings in order to give a cleareridea of their markings.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES.
1. A distinct vein emitted from costal margin of basal discal cell of forewing(figs. 21, 23, 26, 29) (Subgenus Stenolemus) 2No vein emitted from costal margin of basal discal cell of forewing (fig. 14) ;basal stout spine on posteroventral surface of fore femur directed down-ward, not angling towards base of femur; prothorax hardly pedunculate,anterior lobe gradually narrowed posteriorly, posterior lobe without tu-bercles on posterior margin ; dorsum of head without post-sutural tubercles.Subgenus Stenolemoides, new subgenus, type species, Luteva arizonensisBanks (p. 28).2. Basal spine of fore femur directed straight downward, not angling towardsbase of femur ; prothorax deeply constricted but not pedunculate, anteriorlobe quadrate, posterior lobe with four distinct tubercles near hind margin
;
subapical antennal segment longer than apical; fore tibia stout (fig. 17),barely longer than fore coxa and hardly as long as head and interior lobeof prothorax combined ; mesothoracic and metathoracic spines short andstout, tapered apically pristinus, new species (p. 23).Basal spine of fore femur angling towards base of femur 3
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 27
3. Prothorax not distinctly pedunculate, anterior lobe tapered posteriorly, tu-bercles on posterior lobe nearly obsolete; subapical antennal segment lessthan half as long as apical : fore tibia slender (fig. 20) about twice as long asfore coxa and as long as head and thorax combined ; mesothoracic and me-tathoracic spines long and slender pallidipennis, new species (p. 30).Prothorax pedunculate, the peduncle sharply differentiated from the anteriorand posterior swollen lobes and about as long as or longer than the former
;
posterior lobe with four tubercles near hind margin 44. Abdomen without submedian spines on venter in addition to the pedicillatespiracles ; posterior discal cell bisected longitudinally by a distinct vein
:
basal and apical bands on hind femur brownish, the middle one deep blackand very conspicuous schwarzi Bergroth (p. 30).Abdomen with a pair of submedian spines on hind margin of sternites 3 to 5or at least on 3 and 4 in addition to the pedicillate spiracles 55. Submedian spines on venter distinguishable only on sternites 3 and 4, poste-rior discal cell not bisected by a longitudinal vein (fig. 24) ; all hind fem-oral dark bands broad and fuscous in color, not conspicuously darkpilose variatus, new species (p. 31).Submedian spines on abdomen present on sternites 3 to 5, inclusive 66. The small cross-vein behind basal discal cell in line with the posterior ex-tremity of the vein closing that cell (fig. 25) ; submedian spines near hindmargin of pronotum not acute, mere convexities on surface ; posterior discalcell without longitudinal vein ; dark bands on hind femora except the apicalone very narrow interstitialis, new species (p. 31).The small cross-vein behind basal discal cell distinctly proximad of theposterior extremity of the vein closing that cell (fig. 28) ; submedian spinesnear posterior margin of pronotum acute 77. Posterior discal cell of forewing bisected longitudinally by a distinct vein ;mesothoracic and metathoracic spines not thickened near apices 8Posterior discal cell of forewing not bisected by a distinct vein ; meso-thoracic and metathoracic spines more or less swollen near apices (figs. 31.32) ; tubercles on hind lobe of head prominent, acute 98. Dark bands on hind femora broad, separated by about their own width,brown in color, the short hairs uniformly brown on all bands ; bands onhind tibiae pale, third one from base especially so ; sixth tergite without apair of submedian spines at apex ; wing venation as in figure 26 : basaldiscal cell with two or three narrow whitish lines through the dark in-terior hirtipes, new species (p. 32).Dark bands on hind femora narrow, separated by much more than their ownwidth, the basal bands black and black haired, the apical one goldenhaired; bands on hind tibiae all black; sixth tergite with a pair of sub-median spines at apex ; basal discal cell with numerous reticulating palelines in dark part mexicanus, new species (p. 32).9. Portion of vein along inner margin of basal discal cell longer than the por-tion along same margin of posterior discal cell, and much arcuated ba-sally (fig. 29) ; mesothoracic and metathoracic spines as in figure 31.spiniger, new species (p. 33).Portion of vein along inner margin of basal discal cell shorter than that alongsame margin of posterior discal cell, and but little arcuate basally ; meso-thoracic and metathoracic spines as in figure 32.perplexus, new species (p. 33).
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES NOT INCLUDED IN THE FOREGOING KEV.
spiniventris {Stenolemus) Signoret, V. Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 3, vol. 6,1858, p. 253 [Mexico].Apparently runs to that section of our key embracing the newspecies, spiniger and perplexus, but the meso- and meta-notal spinesif properly figured, differ from those of either of these species or infact from any we have seen. The mesonotal spine is represented aserect and acute and the metanotal, swollen at tip and curved so asto extend forward past the mesonotal spine.SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.No cross vein emitted from costal margin of basal discal cell ; basal spine offore femur directed downward ; posterior lobe of head and of pronotumwithout tubercles. (Subgenus Stcnolcmoides) arizonensis.A cross vein emitted from costal margin of basal discal cell ; posterior lobeof head and of pronotum with tubercles (Subgenus Stenolemus)
.
Prothorax deeply constricted but not pedunculate.Basal spine of fore femur directed downward pristinus.Basal spine of fore femur directed basad pallidipennis.Prothorax pedunculate ; basal spine of fore femur directed basad.Abdomen without submedian ventral spines schwarzi.Abdomen with submedian ventral spines. variatus.interstitialis.hirtipes.mexicanus.spiniger.perplexus.Stenolemoides, new subgenus.Differs from subgenus /Stenolemus in the venation of fore and hindwings as shown in figures 14 and 15, the basal discal cell in formerhaving no vein emitted from its costal margin. The basal spine ofposteroventral series on fore femur is directed downward and notsloped towards base of femur as in most species of Stenolemus.Type species.?Luteva arizonensis Banks, N. (Emesidae 1909, p. 45).STENOLEMUS (STENOLEMOIDES) ARIZONENSIS (Banks).Luteva arizonensis Banks, N., Emesidae, 190D, p. 45 [Palmerlee, Arizona].A pale brownish yellow species, without distinct markings on fore-wings. Basal two antennal segments with a few whitish annuli.Anterior third or more of posterior lobe of pronotum whitish, poste-rior margin subfuscous. Anterior femora and tibiae faintly whitishannulate, mid and hind femora each with six whitish annuli. Mostof the veins of fore wings paler than the membrane.Head about as wide as long on dorsum, eyes large, the posteriorlobe slightly bulbous above and neither tuberculate nor sulcate. An-
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 29terior lobe of prothorax about 1.5 as long as wide, much taperedposteriorly, barely half as wide at posterior as at anterior margin,dorsum arched, posterior lobe slightly widened posteriorly, a littlelonger than anterior lobe, with a broad shallow median depression,posterior width less than greatest length, no tubercles near posteriormargin. Legs less elongate and hairy than usual in the genus ; foretibia and tarsus as in figure 18. Hypopygium as in figure 16.Length, 8-9 mm.Data for specimens examined: Arizona, C. U. Lot 34 (UhlerColl.) ; Oracle, Ariz., July 23; Yerington, Nev., July 13, J. P. Baum-berger; Los Angeles, Calif., August (U.S.N.M.). The holotype alsowas examined (M. C. Z.).Subgenus Stenolemus Signoret.STENOLEMUS PRISTINUS, new species.Female.?Head, anterior lobe of prothorax, and abdomen con-spicuously marked and clouded with brownish fuscous and the forewings almost entirely of that color, with the veins, some reticulatinglines, and a few minute dots, whitish. The antennal, and femoral,and tibial annuli of mid and hind legs are very pale brown and,with the exception of the preapical one on each femur, inconspicu-ous; front coxa with 2, and front femora and tibiae with 4 ratherconspicuous brown bands.Head broader than long, eyes large, covering much more thanhalf the entire length of side of head, transverse suture on dorsumnot very deep, posterior lobe with two small but sharp processes ondorsum anteriorly; antennae much stouter than usual, with longhairs, third segment fully as long as fourth. Anterior lobe of pro-thorax subquadrate, not tapered, separated from posterior lobe bya deep constriction, posterior lobe widened from anterior to poste-rior margin, with four distinct but not very large tubercles nearposterior margin ; mesothoracic and metathoracic spines compara-tively short and stout. Spines on fore legs much shorter than inany of the other species, the basal one not bent towards base offemur (fig. 17). Abdomen elongate ovate, third, fourth, and fifthtergites each with an angular projection near posterior lateralangles; venter without submedian spines, spiracles elevated. Poste-rior discal cell of fore wing with a longitudinal vein bisecting it,vein emitted by basal discal cell not as close to base as in nextspecies, the cell acute at base.Length, 7.5 mm.Holotype.?Key West, Fla., April 9, E. A. Schwarz (U.S.N.M-).The fore tibia in this species has about three series of minute sub-decumbent black setulae on venter, while in pallidipennis it has two
30 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67
series, one anteroventral and the other posteroventral, which consistof much longer suberect spines of unequal lengths alternating. Allthe other species of the genus in this paper have the anteroventralseries complete (arizonensis) , or that series complete and the postero-ventral series present on at least the apical half of tibia.Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26707, U.S.N.M.STENOLEMUS PALLID1PENNIS, new species.Male.?Much paler than the other species of the genus, the gen-eral color stramineous, the femoral annuli very indistinct, and thewing markings pale fuscous.Head as broad as long, arched above, the posterior lobe slightlytumid on each side of median line anteriorly; basal antennal seg-ment and base of second segment above very long haired, third seg-ment not one-third as long as fourth. Profile of head and thoraxas in figure 19. Anterior lobe of prothorax not longer than itsgreatest width, anterior lateral angles tumid, narrowed posteriorly,and separated from posterior lobe by a deep constriction, posteriorlobe gradually widened from anterior to posterior margin, about1.5 times as long as anterior lobe and as long as wide, the fourtubercles before hind margin barely evident; mesothoracic andmetathoracic spines slender, curved, the pointed apices directed for-ward. Venter lacking submedian processes, the spiracles slightlyelevated and situated very close to lateral margins; hypopygiumnot large, almost covered on dorsum by the broadly roundedposterior projection of the apical tergite, claspers small, slender,curved. Venter and all femora and tibiae with very long linehairs; fore femur with the postero-ventral spines longer and morewidely spaced than usual, four or five of them conspicuously longerthan the others, the basal one directed somewhat toward the baseof femur (fig. 20). Venation as in figures 21 and 22.Length, 8.5 mm.Holotype.?Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz.. June 12, 1898, E. A.Schwarz (U. S.N. M.).Type.?Cat. No. 26708 U. S. N. M.STENOLEMUS SCHWARZI Bergroth.Stenolaemus schwarsi Bekgroth, E. New and little known heteropterousHemiptera in the United States National Museum, Proe., U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.51, pp. 229-230, Oct. 28, 1916 [Tampieo, Mex.].This species, in common with most of those treated in this paper,has the forewing concave behind the apex (fig. 23), the degreeof concavity varying with the species, the least occurring inpallidipennis.
ART. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 31The antennae and legs in schwarzi appear slightly thicker at thedark annuli and are also furnished with more dense blackishpubescence on these parts: thoracic spines piceous. Wings withthe fuscous markings as seen with the naked eye consisting of twoor three bands irrorated with whitish.Head across eyes slightly broader than long, eye as wide as inter-ocular space; posterior lobe with 2 moderate swellings on dorsumanteriorly. Anterior lobe of prothorax a little longer than thepeduncle, posterior lobe rather abruptly widened, the posteriortubercles distinct. Basal and one other spine of the postero-ventralseries on fore femur much longer than the others. Venation andmarkings of forewings as in figure 23. The male has the wingsless extensively blackened, the disk being almost all white.Length, 8-10 mm.Redescribed from the type specimen, a female, No. 20149, U.S.N.M.,Tampico, Mexico, Dec. 21, E. A. Schwarz, two males. Tegucigalpa,Honduras, July 25 and 26, 1917, and one female, La Ceiba, Honduras,September 27. 1916, F. J. Dyer (U.S.N.M.).STENOLEMUS VARIATUS, new species.Male.?Mesothoracic spine pale, metathoracic one darker. Wingsmore evenly infuscated than in schwarzi, basal discal cell almostsolid black, center of posterior discal cell with an amoeboid yellowishsplotch. Hind femoral and tibial bands broader than in other speciesand lacking short dark hairs, the long hairs on the bands darkbrown, those on other parts of femora and tibiae pale brown.Tubercles on posterior lobe of head barely perceptible. Anteriorlobe of prothorax a little longer than pedicel; processes near hindmargin of posterior lobe elongate, acute; mesothoracic and metathor-acic spines slender, of about equal size, blunt at tips, with ratherJong hairs. Abdomen as stated in key. Fore coxa a little longerthan pedicel of prothorax, fore femur slightly curved, with normalarmature. Basal discal cell of fore wing as in figure 24, apicaldiscal cell not subdivided longitudinally, acute at apex.Length, 10 mm.Holotype.?Near San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina. 1910, E. R.Wagner. (Paris Museum.)STENOLEMUS INTERSTITIALIS, new species.Male.?General color as in variatus but the hind femoral and tibialbands are much narrower and paler.Tubercles on posterior lobe of head small but rather acute. An-terior lobe of prothorax slightly shorter than pedicel; submediantubercles on posterior lobe mere round swellings (the thorax is in
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor.. 67poor condition owing to faulty pining) ; metathoracic spine slightlymore thickened preapically than mesothoracic, both attenuatedapically and rather densely long haired but not so pronouncedlyso as in spiniger, submedian ventral spines long, posteriorlycurved. Basal discal cell as in figure 25; apical discal cell lackinglongitudinal dividing vein. Dark bands on hind femora separatedby about twice their own width, lacking short dark hairs.Length, 10 mm.Holotype.?French Guiana, 1899, R. Oberthur (Paris Museum).STENOLEMUS HIRTIPES, new species.Female.?Similar to schivarzi in color, rather paler, with thefore wings differently marked (fig. 26), and the antennal, femoral,and tibial annuli much paler.In addition to the structural characters mentioned in the key thefollowing are the principal characters possessed by this species
:
Head as broad as long, bituberculate on dorsum of posterior lobeanteriorly; basal antennal segment and base of second above verylong haired, third segment about three-fifths as long as fourth.Anterior lobe of prothorax as long as peduncle, posterior lobe notabruptly widened, the tubercles large and rather sharp ; mesothoracicand metathoracic spines erect and slender. Fore femur with onlytwo of the postero-ventral spines conspicuously longer and stoute'rthan the others; all legs, the prothorax, and venter densely andrather long haired. Fore tibia and tarsus as in figure 27.Length, 9-10 mm.Holotype.?Female, and two paratypes Mississippi, no other data,Coll. Ashmead (U.S.N.M.) ; one paratype, Miami, Fla., September24, 1913, W. T. Davis (Davis) ; and another N. Landing, S. C,W. F. Fiske (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26709, U.S.N.M.STENOLEMUS MEXICANUS. new species.Female.?Head, thorax, and wings more extensively blackenedthan in other species of this subgenus, the markings on the wingsmuch broken by narrow white lines and irregular dots.Pedicel of prothorax a little longer than anterior lobe, posteriorlobe with the 4 tubercles distinct ; mesothoracic spine slender, taperedto apex, metathoracic one stouter and not so much tapered apically,both with rather inconspicuous hairs. Basal discal cell of forewingsas in figure 28 ; a distinct, undulated, longitudinal vein through mid-dle of posterior discal cell, as in schwarzi. Basal 2 bands on hindfemora very narrow, middle one (deeper black) broader than thesetwo combined and distinctly broader than either of the apical two;hind tibial bands except basal one about three times as long as tibial
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 33diameter ; fore coxa a little longer than prothoracic pedicel; forefemur as thick as pedicel, the basal spine long, normal.Length, 10 mm.Holotype.?Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico, June, 1897, Townsend(Iowa State College).STENOLEMUS SPINIGER, new species.Male and female.?Similar to hirtipes in color, the wings markedas in figure 29, but rather variable in intensity and form of markings.Besides the characters mentioned in the key, the peduncle of theprothorax is slightly longer than the anterior lobe (on dorsum) anddistinctly tapered anteriorly (fig. 30), not equally thick the wholelength as in hirtipes; the vein emitted by basal discal cell is longerand nearer base of cell than in that species, and there are three orfour outstanding stout spines on the posteroventral surface of forefemur. Thoracic spines as in figure 31.Length : 10-12 mm.Holotype.?Male, Brownsville, Tex., May 21, 1904, H. S. Barber.Allotype, Brownsville, Tex., A. Jagow. Paratopes, one female.Escuintla, Guatemala. August, 1898. F. Knab; one female with label"Venedo" and no other data (U.S.N.M.) ; one female, Brownsville.Tex., Dorner (111. Nat. Hist. Survey) ; and a male, Motzorongo,V. C, Mexico, Feb. 11, 1892 (Iowa State College).There is a small nymph from Brownsville, Tex., April 30, 1904,H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) which may belong to this species or tohirtipes, the presence of only twro outstanding postero-ventral spineson fore femur apparently associating it with hirtipes, though wehave seen no specimens of that species from Texas. The mesonotumand metanotum bear no spines; each abdominal tergite has a seriesof four long tubercles near posterior margin and numerous minutediscal papillae, while each sternite has about eight small papillaealong posterior margin.Type, allotype, and paratypes.?Male, Cat. No. 26710. U.S.N.M.STENOLEMUS PERPLEXUS, new species.Male and female.?Very similar in coloration and structure tospiniger, the dark color more intense as a rule. The pedicel of pro-thorax is longer, being distinctly longer than anterior lobe; theupper margin of male hypopygium between the claspers has no pro-nounced notch in center in perplexus while in spiniger it has. Theother distinctions are as stated in key. Thoracic spines as in figure32.Length, 11 mm.Holotype.?Male, El Campamento Col. Perene, Peru, June 21,1920 (Cornell Univ. Exped., Lot 569). Allotype. Jatahy, Prov.Goyas, Brazil, 1889, H. Donckier (Paris Museum).04993?25 3
34 PK0CEED1NGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Genus DELIASTES Dohrn.Deliastes Dohrn, A. Nachtriige, 1863, pp. 75-76 [Monobasic, D. reticulatus,new species, genotype, p. 76].This genus differs from any known to us in having the fore tarsiheavily chitinized, bare above, and with but one oblique suture; theclaws are unequal in size. The fore femur is spined from near baseto apex, the basal spine longest ; and the fore tibia has a series ofsetulae along the ventral surface which are stout at bases and arebent at right angles at middle, their apices directed toward apex oftibia. Second antennal segment slightly longer than first (13 :12),third very short (0.75). Prothorax bilobate, in the winged forms theposterior lobe extending to bases of wings. Mesonotum and meta-notum unspined: abdomen normal. Venation of fore wing as infigure 34 ; posterior discal cell with a nearly percurrent median longi-tudinal fold, simulating a vein.The female of the genotype is wingless, and. like all apterousforms of Ploiariinae known to us, has the prothorax withouta backwardly projecting flap overlying the dorsum of mesothorax.The abdomen is much broader than in male and with tergites 4-7tuberculate posteriorly.Through the kindness of Dr. M. S. Pennington, of Buenos Aires,we have received a specimen of Deliastes bmchmanni Berg comparedby him with the type. Study of this specimen in connection with thedescriptions of Dohrn and Berg emboldens us to identify the genuswhich we had previously failed to do and to synonymize Berg'sspecies with reticulatus Dohrn. There is a possibility of error hereas Dohrn ?s description calls for reticulate venation of the hemelytra;however, because of the agreement of our specimens with the descrip-tion in every other respect, we conclude that the " whitish veins "mentioned are only color markings, not true veins. Since Dohrncites these " veins " as the principal distinction of Deliastes fromPalacus it is probable that these are really only one genus. If thispresumption is verified upon appeal to the types, the name Palacuswill have the preference due to page priority.KEY TO THE srECIES.1. Mid and hind femora dark brown or fuscous, each with two narrow strami-neous annuli, one at one third of the length from apex and the otherclose to apex; mid and hind tibiae paler than femora, especially api-eally, a narrow band of fuscous marking off a pale band near base:antennae brown, with a narrow stramineous band near apex andanother near base of first segment reticulatus Dohrn.Mid and hind femora and tibiae, pale stramineous, each hind femur with asmall dark brown mark above at apex, the tibiae with a similar markat base, mid femora with 2 brown marks on posterior side of apicalhalf, mid tibiae with a narrow dark brown annulus near base; antennaepale stramineous, narrowly dark brown at bases and apices of first andsecond segments stramineipes, new species.
4UT. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARITNAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 35DELIASTES RETICULATUS Dohrn.Deliastcs reticulatus Dohrn, A. Nachtrage, 1863, p. 76 [Cuba].Deliastes brachmarmi Berg, C. Addenda et Emendanda ad HemipteraArgentina, 1884, pp. 114-115 [Mendoza, Argentina].Male.?Brownish fuscous, spotted and mottled with whitish. Forefemur with two irregular whitish annuli, fore tibia with a broadband on basal half and a narrower one on apical half, whitish. Forewings brownish fuscous, reticulated with fine whitish lines; hindwings whitish hyaline.Head very little longer than wide, convex above, the transverseconstriction deep; eyes large, as wide as the distance between them;antennae, without long hairs. Anterior lobe of prothorax a littleshorter than posterior one, slightly tapered posteriorly, with nodistinct constriction between it and the posterior lobe, its extremelength about twice its greatest width; posterior lobe arcuate bothlongitudinally and transversely, tapering anteriorly, greatest lengthabout 1.5 times its greatest width, not tuberculate posteriorly. Apicaltergite forming a broad lobe which extends to apex of hypopygiumand almost entirely covers it, the apex bluntly rounded; upperposterior border of hypopygium as in figure 35; claspers long,slender, recurved apically; seventh sternice slightly concave posteri-orly, not half as long as preceding one.Female.?Similar to male in color, the abdomen with venter largelyyellowish, marked with brown, more conspicuously on sides, thedorsum darker and with dark brown marbling over entire surface.The eyes are much smaller than in male, being a little narrowerabove than the interocular space. The prothorax has a noticeableannular swelling just before its posterior margin and the marginis not flared ; the mesonotum is distinctly humped posteriorly, with amedian straight, and 2 lateral curved carinae; metanotum alsotricarinate. Abdominal tergites 4 to 7 each with a median pointedtubercle on middle of hind margin, the intermediate two largest,posterior angles of connexivum angulate, most conspicuously so onsegments 4 to 6 ; tergites 8 and 9 as in figure 36.Length, 10-11 mm.Male specimen compared with type of hrachmanni, La Rioja,Argentina, M. S. Pennington (Pennington) ; 3 males and 3 females.Argentina, Chaco de Santiago del Estero, near Icano, E. R. Wagner(Paris Museum) : one male, South America (Cornell Univ.).There are three nymphs from the Paris Museum collection (witlithe same data as the adults) which agree in general characters ofhead, thorax, and legs with the female, but the claws of the foretarsi are poorly differentiated, and there are no processes oh dorsumof abdomen.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67DELIASTES STRAMINEIPES. new species.Male.?Very similar to the male of the preceding species. Differsin color as stated in key and also in having the forewings moreclosely reticulated with whitish lines, and the process on uppermargin of hypopygium as in figure 37.Length, 11 mm.Holotype.?Argentina. Chaco de Santiago de Estero, near Icano,E. It. Wagner (Paris Museum).Genus PANAMIA Kirkaldy.Panamia Kirkaldy, G. W. Notes on Central American Hemipterous Fauna,Can. Ent., vol. 39, p. 249, July, 1907 [Monobasic, genotype, Lutcvopsis ornataChampion].This genus may readily be separated from its allies by the peculiarvenation of the fore wings (fig. 38) and also by the characters men-tioned in the generic key.PANAMIA ORNATA (Champion).Lutevopsis omata Champion, Biologia, vol. 2, pp. 166-7, Oct. 1896 [Bugaba,Panama].Panamia ornata Kirkaldy, G. W. Notes on Central American Hemip-terous Fauna, Can. Ent., vol. 39, p. 249, July 1907.A pale testaceous yellow species, the pronotum sometimes with oneor two short oblique brown streaks on each side, and a faint medianvitta and sometimes 2 lateral clouds on posterior lobe. Fore wingswith some faint fuscous spots, the most distinct, being one in ex-treme base of discal cell, one or more at middle of same, and onenear the cross vein at its apex.Head including eyes nearly as broad as long, rounded above(fig. 39) ; proboscis slender; antennal hairs not very long. Anteriorlobe of prothorax smooth, slightly shining, a little tapered poster-iorly, with a punctiform depression in middle posteriorly, the con-striction between it and the posterior lobe shallow, length about 1.5as great as its width; posterior lobe granular, slightly silicate cen-trally, with four very slight elevations near posterior margin,length about 1.5 as great as width, slightly tapered anteriorly;mesonotum with a rounded central elevation, metanotum with alongitudinal ridge a little more prominent apically ; first abdominalsegment with a short, erect, spine. Abdomen slender, a little en-larged terminally; segment preceding hypopygium in male deeplyconcave both above and below, extending as a rounded flap on eachside for about half the length of the rather large hypopygium, thelatter open above posteriorly, the claspers slender and upturnedapically on each side of the very slender and acute hypopygial spine,
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 37which exceeds them by about a third of its length (figs. 40, 41).Structure of hypopygium of female not very evident in the speci-mens at hand, the ventral valve somewhat inflated, capping overthe end of the abdomen, the apical tergite with a rounded projec-tion apically, and an emargination each side of it. Fore coxa aboutas long as prothorax and five-sixths as long as fore tibia; fore femurslender, about one fourth of its length longer than tibia, with aboutfour minute stout postero-ventral thorns and short soft hairs;tibia lacking distinct armature; tarsus with two small slightlydivergent claws. Venation of hind wing as in figure 42.Length, 7-8 mm.Localities.?Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, April 27, 1907, ABusck. (U.S.N.M.); Chapada, Brazil, August, September, October(Carnegie Mus.). Genus.LUTEVOPSIS Champion.Lutevopsis Champion, G. C. Biologia, vol. 2, pp. 165-6, Oct. 1898. [Includedspecies L. longimanus and L. ornata, both new; Mexico and Panama].This genus was originally erected for the reception of two specieswhich Champion in his remarks on the genus points out " differgreatly, but they may be retained in the same genus for the present."We consider that the shape of the head, structure of the fore legsand their armature, and the venation of the fore wings are suffi-ciently distinct to warrant their assignment to different genera.For the venation of the fore wing of Lutevopsis (s. s.) see figure 43.The armature of the fore femur consists of moderately long thornsand intervening shorter setulae and hairs, while the fore tibia hasa complete series of minute stubby denticles along the entire ventralsurface as in Gardena (fig. 95).Genotype.?Lutevopsis longimanus Champion.LUTEVOPSIS LONGIMANUS Champion.Lutcropsis longimanus Champion, (i. C. Biologia, vol. 2, p. 166, Oct., 1898[Chilpancingo, Mexico].Female.?Reddish testaceous, shining, without distinct markings,the venter of the abdomen darkest, and the wings unmarked. Headover 1.5 times as long as wide, much tapered anteriorly, convexabove, anterior lobe with a deep short central longitudinal cavity atposterior margin, the posterior lobe not sulcate (fig. 44). Anteriorlobe of prothorax fully twice as long as its greatest width, graduallytapered from anterior to posterior margin, subopaque, with a slightlinear sulcus posteriorly, posterior lobe subquadrate, about two-thirds as long as anterior, slightly elevated on each lateral angleand in center posteriorly. Abdominal spiracles slightly raised, noprotuberances on tergites, the apical sternite convex at apex; seventh
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67and eighth tergites polished, moderately convex apically, the formerthree times as long as latter. Fore legs rather slender, coxa about fivesixths as long as tibia, the latter slightly curved. ' Venation of forewing as in figure 43.Length, 10 mm.Locality, Istachatla, Fla., July 24, Heidemann Collection (U. S.N. M.).We have had the opportunity of examining the type specimen ofLutevopsis muscicapa Bergroth through the kindness of its describerand find that it falls in the same genus as longimanus though thespines on fore femur do not extend as near to base, and the fore tibiais a little less than two-thirds as long as fore femur. It is a muchdarker species than the genotype, being brownish fuscous, with yel-lowish apical annulus on each hind femur (mid femora missing).Doctor Bergroth has expressed a doubt as to the region from whichthis species came. It is labelled " Borneo," but he suspects that itmay really be South American.SPECIES NOT SEEN.L. chilensis Porter, Carlos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 25 (1921)11)22, pp. 505-506 [Chile]. Seems too small for this genus.Genus EMESA Fabricius.Emesa Fabricius, J. C. Systema Rliyngotorum secundum Ordines, Genera,Species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 1S03,p. 263. [For a discussion of the genotype see below.]W estermannia Dohrn, A., Emesina I860, p. 251. [Includes three new species:W. difficilis, Colombia : Ur . tenerrima, Porto Rico : and W. annulata, Mexico,of which the last is here designated as the type species.]Wextcrmannias Kirkaldy, G. W. Biographical and Nomenclatorial Notes onthe Hemiptera. The Entomologist, 15)04, p. 280. New name for Wester-nwnnia Dohrn, 1860, preoccupied by Hubner's genus of the same name inthe Lepidoptera, 1816.F. L. de Laporte in his Essai d'une Classification Systematique deFordre des Hemipteres (Hemipteres Heteropteres Latreille), Guerin'sMagasin de Zoologie, 1833 (p. 84), gives Emesa mantis Fabricius assole example of this genus. It is customary to accept the first suchmention of a single species in illustration of a genus as selection ofa genotype. E. P. Van Duzee in his Catalogue of the Hemiptera ofAmerica North of Mexico, 1917 (p. 236), gives E. precatorius as thetype by original designation, a view in which we are unable to con-cur. For a fuller discussion of the matter see Appendix 1.Since the fate of the Fabrician genus Emesa and its componentspecies underlies the nomenclature of the whole subfamily it may bewell to give here a rather full discussion of the subject.The genus Emesa originally included the following four speciesat the pages indicated in the Systema Rliyngotorum.
abt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 39
1. fifatm, Ent. Syst., vol. 4. 1794, p. 191. East India, p. 263.2. longipes, Ent. Syst., vol. 4, 1794, p. 191. America, p. 263.3. mantis, Ent. Syst., vol. 4, 1794, p. 190. Islands of America,p. 263.4. precatorius, new species. Middle America, pp. 263-264.The status of these species is discussed in the following para-graphs.1. Unidentified by Dohrn (Emesina, 1860, p. 230) who shows thatthe references by Gray, Bridle, and Blanchard do not certainly applyto the insect Fabricius had. Distant ?s citation 8 adds nothing thatwould make definite the status of this species. Stal ;1 queries filumshowing that the type could not be found. We conclude that thespecies is entirely unidentifiable.2. Stal 9 writes that longipes is a Zelus, thus removing it as a fac-tor in taxonomy of the Ploiariinae.3. The type of mantis recorded by Fabricius in his original de-scription as being in the British Museum is still in that institutionand in good condition. Through the kindness of W. E. China weare able to describe and illustrate it in this paper.4. The Emesa precatorius of the Systerna Rhyngotorum is not theGerris praecatorius of the Entomologia Systematica (described fromGuinea). The type is still is existence (Sehestedt Museum), and wehave been furnished data concerning it by Dr. William Lundbeck.(Seep. 82.)Summarizing data as to the type species of Emesa Fabricius, itappears that mantis was at least acceptably selected by Laporte asthe genotype. On the other hand it is only by a stretch of theimagination that precatorius can be considered the genotype. (SeeAppendix 1.)The genus Emesa differs from Stenolemus in number of tarsaljoints, in venation, and in having no long spines on either the meso-notum or metanotum, though the former has a central elevation andthe latter an apical tubercle, sometimes pronounced. The genusMyiophanes Renter is related to Emesa and we have figured thevenation of the forewing (fig. 33) for comparative purposes.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA.1. Fore tibia with a series of erect antero-ventral spinules which are about halfas long as diameter of tibia, and between each pair of these two or moreshorter spinules; fore femur as in Stenolemus, without a distinct break inantero-ventral series of spines near base, but the postero-ventral seriescurved ventrad at base so that the last long spine is almost in middle ofventral surface; venation of forewing as in figures 45, 46, 47; prothoraxelongate pedunculate, two small round warts on disk of posterior lobe.Emesa Fabricius (p. 40).
8 Fauna British India, Rhynchota, vol. 2, 1904, p. 216.9 Hemlptera Fabriciana, vol. 2, 1869, p. 123.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67Fore tibia either with a complete postero-ventral series of spinules mostlyas long as, or longer than, tibial diameter, or with microscopic ventraldenticles ; venation of forewing as in figure 54 ; prothorax not pedunculate,without small warts on disk of posterior lobe 22. Fore femur with armature of postero-ventral surface consisting of shortstout spines with black apices and between each pair and in line withthem much shorter similar spines and longer fine bristles alternating, theantero-ventral series consisting of only short spines alternating with finebristles, a rather wide break in the series near base, beyond which thereare two short spines ; fore tibia about two-thirds as long as femur, slightlyridged on ventral surface, the apex of the ridge with two series of minutedenticles which are visible only under a high power lens ; third antennalsegment a little shorter than fourth Myiagreutes Bergroth (p. 42).Fore femur with long fine bristles on postero-ventral surface, which aresituated on short elevated bases and rather closely spaced, the antero-ventral surface with a similar series of shorter bristles which is in-terrupted near base, there being one or more bristles basad of theinterruption 33. Fore tibia with a slight ridge along ventral surface which is surmounted bytwo series of short black denticles Phasmatocoris Breddin (p. 44).Fore tibia with a single complete series of minute blunt denticles on ventralsurface Kothbergia, new subgenus (p. 44).Subgenus Emesa Dohrn.Bibliographical citation and type species same as for the genus.KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Basal discal cell large, distinctly longer than wide, interpolated between sup-plementary discal cell and posterior discal cell (fig. 45) ; anterior lobe ofpronotum without sharp tubercle on each side anteriorly.annulatus (Dohrn) (p. 40).Basal discal cell small or almost obsolete, when distinct much wider thanlong, supplementary discal cell abutting on base of posterior discalcell - 22. Basal discal cell subobsolete (fig. 46) ; anterior lobe of pronotum with asharply pointed tubercle on each side anteriorly; posterior lobe withoutspines mantis (Fabricius) (p. 41).Basal discal cell distinct (fig. 47) ; anterior lobe of pronotum with a smallrounded tubercle on each side anteriorly ; posterior lobe with a conicalacute spine on each humeral angle marmoratus, new species (p. 41).EMESA (EMESA) ANNULATUS (Dohrn).10Westermannia armulata Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1860, p. 251 [Mexico].
"We have not seen this species but have been favored by W. E.China with data and sketches drawn from the specimens in theBritish Museum identified as annulata by Champion. Our inform-
10 Apparently the name Emesa as a genus of Heteroptera must be considered mascu-line in gender since of the originally included species the only one with a terminationindicating gender, namely precatorius, is masculine.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 41
ant points out that the specimens agree with Dohrn's Latin descrip-tion of 1860 but not with the German one of 1863 (Nachtrage, p. 49).We reproduce Mr. China's sketches showing structural details ofthe species (figs. 45, 48, 49). The color of the forewing is brownish,with base, a band across basal discal cell, and the apex, much darker.The brown annulations on mid and hind femora and tibiae are asbroad as, or broader than, the intervening pale spaces, whereas inthe next two species they are narrower than the pale spaces.Length, 28 mm.Locality, Mexico.EMESA (EMESA) MANTIS (Fabricins).Gerris mantis Fabricius, J. C. Ent. Syst, vol. 4, 1794, p. 190 [no locality].In the Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 2G3, a locality, Islands of America isgiven.Westermannia mantis Champion, G. C. Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1898,p. 258.We have not seen this species but have been supplied with data anddrawings from the type by W. E. China. We have thus been able todefinitely identify the species. The principal structural charactersare represented in Figures 46, 50, 51, 52.The color of the forewings is similar to that of marmoratus, themost conspicuous marking being the rather broad white veins at baseof outer discal cell which form an angulated mark across the middleof the wing; the base of costa also is white. Structurally similarto marmoratus except as stated in key.Length, 20 mm.The type is from Jamaica ; there is a second specimen, also in theBritish Museum from Jamaica, which, according to Mr. China,agrees with the type in all characters.EMESA (EMESA) MARMORATUS. new species.Female.?Dark brown, marked with yellowish white. Beak, an-tennae, and legs conspicuously annulated. Anterior lobe of protho-rax mottled, the pedicel largely whitish above, with brown spots,black beneath; lateral carina of posterior lobe and a pair of smalltubercles on disk whitish. Abdomen almost black, with a few yel-lowish white marks, the most conspicuous, being one on connexivum,and another on each sternite in front of spiracles, the spiracles whitish.Fore wings fuscous brown, mottled with darker, veins at base ofdiscal cell and the anterior half of the one closing costal half of outerdiscal cell ivory white, the membrane near them hyaline.Head longer than wide, hind lobe tapered posteriorly, with twoslight dorsal humps. Anterior lobe of prothorax about two-thirds as94998?25 4
42 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67long as pedicel, tapered posteriorly, not sulcate on dorsum, posteriorlobe a little shorter than pedicel, tapered anteriorly, about 1.5 aslong as wide, with a slight but distinct carina on each side, a sharptubercle near each posterior lateral angle, a pair of very small sub-median tubercles behind middle, and a shallow median sulcus an-teriorly. Connexivum with prominent angulate flaps on segments6 and 7, eighth tergite longer than ninth, broadly rounded. Forefemur slender, the shorter spines distinctly shorter than the femoraldiameter. Venation of fore and hind wings as in figures 47 and53, respectively.Male.?Anterior lobe of pronotum a little less than half as longas pedicel, the fore legs longer and more slender than in female, theabdomen more extended beyond apices of wings, with the apical ter-gite tapering to tip, where it is rounded, its basal width about three-fourths as great as its median length, the hypopygial claspers curved,moderately stout and hairy, hind margin of hypopygium with a cen-tral erect pale spike broad at base.Length, 13-20 mm.Holotype.?Female. Cayamas, Cuba. March 14, E. A. Schwarz.Allotype, male, Uhler Collection (U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; paratype,female, much broken, without data (Bueno).Type and allotypt .?Cat. No. 26711. U.S.N .M.Subgenus Myiagreutes Bergroth.Myiagreutes Bergroth, E. New neotropical Ploeariinae, Psyche, vol. 18,1911, pp. 15-16. [Monobasic, type species, M. praecellens, new species.]KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Hind margin of pronotum with three long slender spines; more than fouroutstanding spines present on postero-ventral surface of fore femur, thedistance between them distinctly less than the length of fore tarsus.praecellens (Bergroth) (p. 42).Hind margin of pronotum without long spines, only indistinct rounded eleva-tions present ; four outstanding spines present in the postero-ventral serieson fore femur, the distance between them equal to or greater than thelength of fore tarsus minor, new species (p. 43).EMESA (MYIAGREUTES) PRAECELLENS (Gergroth).Myuif/reulcH praecellens Bergroth, E. New neotropical Ploeariinae, Psyche,vol. 18, pp. 16-17 [French Guiana].Female.?Black, variegated with brown and with yellowish whitemarkings. Base and apex of first antennal segment whitish; beakannulated. Thoracic thorns, more or less of sides, hind margin ofprothorax and sometimes two vittae connected thereto, disk of me-sonotum, four marks on anterior margin of posterior lobe of pro-thorax, and a spot above each of the fore and mid coxae yellowish
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 43
white. Abdomen with a spot on connexivum in front of each spir-acle, and membrane surrounding the spiracles whitish. Legs castan-eous, femora blackish apieally, and with a broad whitish apical an-nulus, bases of tibiae each with a broad white annulus, the groundcolor immediately beyond almost black. Markings of fore wing asin figure 54. Coxal spots and bases of mid and hind tibiae some-times touched with orange red.Head about twice as long as wide, not tuberculate on dorsum, themedian transverse constriction very deep. Anterior lobe of prothoraxarcuate, tapered slightly posteriorly, about 1.75 as long as wide,faintly sulcate on dorsum and obliquely on sides, and with a pair ofoutwardly directed sharp thorns on anterior margin above; posteriorlobe a little shorter than anterior, but little tapered anteriorly, as longas wide, with a broad shallow median sulcus, and three long slenderthorns near posterior margin ; mesonotum with a subtriangular ele-vation; metanotum with a short spine. Abdomen slightly slopeddownward from apex of seventh tergite, the eighth in the form of abroadly rounded lobe which at center is not over half as long asninth tergite. Fore legs as stated in key, femora tapered at base andapex. Venation as in figures 54 and 55.The male has the pale color markings rather more accentuated;the apical tergite has a broad, triangularly pointed process; hypo-pygium wanting in the specimen examined.Length, 15-20 mm.In addition to the holotype female from French Guiana, kindlysubmitted by Doctor Bergroth, Ave have seen two other female speci-mens from French Guiana (Bas Carsevenne, F. Geay, 1898; R. Ober-thur, 1899) belonging to the Paris Museum, one male and one femalefrom Para. Brazil. June (Carnegie Museum), and one female fromTrinidad Rio. Panama. June 4, 1912, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.).EMESA (MYIAGREUTES) MINOR, new species.Female.?Much paler than the preceding species, the general colorbeing ochreous without the conspicuous cream colored markingswhich are so evident on the thorax and abdomen in praecellens. Thelegs are paler and while the apices of femora and bases of tibiae arepaler than the other parts the immediately adjacent areas do not showthe dark brown annuli so conspicuous in praecellens. The forewingsare missing in the type and but one hind wing remains, which hasthe same venation as praecellens. Structural characters other thanthose mentioned in key much the same as in praecellens.Length, 12 mm.Holotype.?Female, Chaco Austral, near Icano, Argentina, 1910.E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum).
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.. 67Subgenus Phasmatocoris Breddin.Phasmatocoris Breddin, G. Neue Rhynchotenausbeute au.s Siid-Aimerika,Societas entomologica, vol. 18, No. 19, Jan. 1, 1904, p. 14S. [Monobasic, typespecies P. spectrum, new species.]This subgenus is very closely related to Myiagreutes having thesame venation and structure of fore tibia. In the armature of thefore femur, however, it agrees with Eothbergia, new subgenus,next described, though there are about 3 bristles instead of onebasad of the interruption of the antero-ventral series. Only onespecies is known.EMESA (PHASMATOCORIS) SPECTRUM (Breddin).Phasmatocoris spectrum Breddin, G. Neue Rhynchotenausbeute aus Siid-Amerika,, Societas entomologica, vol. 18, No. 19, Jan. 1, 1904, pp. 148-149[Bolivia].Male.?Reddish brown, including the fore-wings, the bases ofthe latter between the veins, and the extreme apices of mid andhind femora and tibiae are cream colored.Fore coxa and tibia subequal in length, each about four-seventhsas long as fore femur. Eye not as wide as interocular space;posterior lobe of head rounded above. Pronotum with a short,round tubercle on each side of anterior margin; anterior lobealmost parallel-sided, as long as posterior lobe, separated fromlatter by a deep constriction; posterior lobe slightly concave incenter of disk, with 3 short wart-like tubercles posteriorly. Hypo-pygium as in figure 5(5. Fore wing almost identical in appearancewith that of E. praecelhns (fig. 54).Length, 20 mm.Bolivia (Berlin Mus.). Redescribed from the holotype kindlysent to us for examination by Dr. Walther Horn. Another speci-men from same collection which reached us in fragments is labeledYungas de la Paz, Bolivia, 100 m., Breddin.Rothbergia, new subgenus.Genotype.?Emssa testaceus, new species.KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Ventral spines on fore femur ceasing about tbe length of tarsus from base offemur (slender hairs basad of this point) ; anterior lobe of prothoraxlonger than posterior lobe (27:22), slightly narrowed posteriorly whenseen from above (fig. 57) ; basal discal colls of forewing as in figure 58.rapax, new species (p. 45).Ventral spines on fore femur extending to or almost to base of femur__ 2
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE?McATEE AND MALLOCH 45
2. Basal discal cells of forewings as in figure 59; prothorax similar to that ofrapax (fig. 57), but the anterior lobe is not narrowed posteriorly.testaceus, new species (p. 45).Basal discal cells of forewings as in figure 60; prothorax shorter than inpreceding species, the anterior lobe declivitous in front (fig. 61).difflnis, new species (p. 46).EMESA (ROTHBERGIA) TESTACEUS, new species.Female.?Pale brownish testaceous, without distinguishable mark-ings.Head a little longer than wide, tylus forming a ridge in front ofeyes, posterior lobe with a slight median hump just behind con-striction ; basal segment of beak over half as long as second ; secondantennal segment not two thirds as long as first, third nearly as longas fourth, third and fourth combined over three fourths as long assecond. Anterior lobe of prothorax not narrowed posteriorly, arcuate,with a tubercle in front each side of the neck and a percurrent medianlongitudinal sulcus, about twice as wide as long, separated from pos-terior lobe by a deep constriction ; fore coxal cavities slightly flaring,the prosternal sulcus almost vertical, pointed posteriorly; posteriorlobe of prothorax about four fifths as long as anterior, subquadrate,without tubercles or distinct elevations ; mesonotum and metanotumslightly elevated in center. Abdomen elongate, slightly ovate, tergites1 to 7 broader than long, eighth very short, slightly rounded apically,about one fourth as long as seventh and over three times as broad aslong, ninth longer than eighth, transverse at apex, disk depressed, mar-gins and median line elevated. Fore femur stouter than usual, taperedapically, armature as stated in key ; fore tibia well over half as longas femur (40:67) and equal to fore coxa; the three tarsal segmentssubequal in length, tarsal claws rather large, divergent. Venationof forewings much as in Emesa praecellens, basal cells as in figure 59.Length, 11 mm.Holotype.?Cacao, Trece Aguas, Guatemala, June, 1907, G. P.Goll (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26712, U.S.N.M.EMESA (ROTHBERGIA) RAPAX, new species.Male.?Similar in color to testaceus; differs as stated in the key.Apical tergite with a rounded flap extending over hypopygium, thelatter opening upward, claspers rather short, pointed apically andslightly incurved, the process from hind margin of hypopygiumerect, broad at base, thin and rounded apically. There is but onebristle on anteroventral surface of fore femur basad of the break inthe series and this is situated at more than the length of the tarsusfrom the base of femur, the fore tibia is a little longer than half the
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol, 67
entire length of femur (45:80) and a little shorter than fore coxae(50). Prothorax as in Figure 57; basal discal cells of forewing asin figure 58.Length : 12 mm.Holotype.?Tapia, Argentina, 2,000 feet, W. F. H. Rosenberg(U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26713, U.S.N.M.EMESA (ROTHBERGIA) DIFFINIS, new species.Female.?A darker species than either of the others, the posteriorlobe of pronotum, fore wings, and fore femora being largely in-fuscated.The most noticeable structural difference is in the fore-shortenedand declivitous pronotum which is illustrated in figure 61. Thetransverse constriction on head in this species is very shallow ascompared with that of the others. Length of fore tibia as com-pared with fore femur 26 as to 45, of fore coxa 25. Basal discal cellsof forewing as in figure 60.Length, 9 mm.Holotype.?Bolivia, W. M. Mann (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26714, U.S.N.M.UNPLACED SPECIES.
difllcilis (Wcstcrniannia) Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1860, p. 251 [Colombia].tcnerrima (Wcstcrmannia) Dohrn, A. Emesina. 1860, p. 251 [Porto Rico]We are unable to place these species in our keys without fullerknowledge of the characters of their types.We have been unable to enter into communication with the author-ities who have the specimens in charge but W. E. China of theBritish Museum has supplied data dealing with the characters ofthe specimens that are identified as these species in that institution.Both have 3-segmented fore tarsi which would seem to ally themclosely with Emesa, but the basal discal cell of forewings has a shortvein emanating from it as in Stenolemus (fig. 62). The basal stoutspine on ventral surface of fore femur is directed straight down-ward as in Emesa and the forewing is rounded at apex, not at allconcave behind tip. In tenen^inid the peduncle of prothorax islonger while in difficilis it is shorter than the anterior lobe. Mr.China also writes that the subapical antennal segment in difflcUisis much longer than the apical. In the species of related genera ex-amined by us this is never the case, the third being shorter than thefourth. There is, however, in some species a slightly indicatedsuture just before the apical swollen part of fourth segment whichmay be mistaken for a true joint, in which case the antenna would
abt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 47be considered as 5-segmented. This is, however, not really the case,the pseudosuture being almost indistinguishable in cleared materialand much less so in dry specimens.Genus POLAUCHEN1A, new genus.Differs from Eme&a in having only 2 discal cells in forewing (fig.65) and in having the mesonotum and metanotum spined, and fromStenolemus in having the fore tarsi 3-segmented (fig. 64?), and inhaving no vein arising from the costal margin of the basal discalcell. The fore femur has the basal ventral spine directed down-ward and not sloped backward (fig. 64), the head has two pointedconical tubercles behind the transverse constriction and the posteriorlateral angles of pronotum have divergent spines of moderate length.Genotype.?Polauchenia protentor, new species.KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Peduncle of prothorax but little longer than anterior lobe; posterior lobe ofprothorax with two broader stramineous vittae; mid and hind tibiae eachwith two brown bands on basal half; preapical brown band on hind femurreduced to a small spot biannulata, new species (p. 48).Peduncle of prothorax about three times as long as anterior lobe (fig. 63) ;posterior lobe of prothorax with three narrower stramineous vittae ondisk; mid and hind tibiae each with five brown bands on basal half; pre-apical brown band on hind femur broad protentor, new species (p. 47).POLAUCHENIA PROTENTOR. new species.Female.?Dark brown, marked with pale yellow. Basal and sec-ond antennal segments each with four pale annuli ; basal two seg-ments of beak pale at apices; prothorax with markings as in figure63. Spines of mesothorax and metathorax pale. Abdomen fuscous,spiracles, lateral posterior angles of segments, and some linear markson venter yellowish. Legs whitish yellow, each femur with fivebrown annuli; fore tibiae with four brown annuli, mid and hindpairs each with five brown annuli on basal half. Wings brown,darker apically, veins yellow, the membrane along the cross-veins,most of clavus, and base of corium whitish.Head, antennae, prothorax, and fore coxae as in Figure 63. Forefemur a little less than twice as long as fore coxae, with armatureas in figure 64 ; spines of mesothorax and metathorax short andstraight, pubescent. Abdomen broadened slightly beyond middle,the tergites angulate laterally but without well developed lateralappendages; venter without submedian spines, spiracles but littleelevated, not pedicillate, seventh pair not exposed. Hind femoraabout as long as head and body together, the tibiae distinctly longer,
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07the hairs on legs of moderate length and not dense. Venation andshape of wing as in figure 65.Length, 15 mm.Holotype.?Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, May 14, 1907, A.Busck (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female. Cat. No. 26715, U.S.N.M.POLAUCHENIA BIANNULATA, new species.Male.?Similar in color to protentor, the prothorax bivittate in-stead of trivittate on disk posteriorly, and the mesothoracic andmetathoracic spines black instead of yellow. The apices of fore-wings are not uniformly dark brown as in protentor, but have anelongate yellow mark with dark spotting in center about one-thirdof the width of wing. The principal color difference lies in the bi-annulate hind tibia, protentor having 5 brown annuli.A much stouter species than protentor, the length of head andthorax combined being barely over two-thirds that of the abdomen,whereas in protentor they almost or quite equal the abdomen. Theforewings (fig. 66) exceed the tip of abdomen and their posteriorapical margin is but slightly concave. The head is much broaderand shorter than in protentor, the interocular space is much narrowerthan one eye, the mesothoracic thorn is short, the metathoracic onelonger, tapered, and neither very hairy. Venter about as in pro-tentor; hypopygial claspers small, slender, and slightly upcurvedapically.Length, 16 mm.Holotype.?Mana River, French Guiana, May, 1917 (CarnegieMus. )
.
Genus PLOIARIA Scopoli.Ploiaria Scopoli, J. A. Deliciae Florae et Faunae lnsubricae. Part 1, 1786,p. 60, pi. 24, fig. A (3 parts). [Monobasic P. domestica, new species, genotype,Austria.] Plate 23, Part 2, 1786, further (and better) illustrates the speciesand pp. 69-73 are devoted to an account of the habits and structure of theinsect. Plate 25, figs. 1-5, Part 3, 1788, illustrate the egg and nymph, thelatter with a strong submedian spine on front femur, a character the adultdoes not have.Cerascopus Heineken, C. Descriptions of a new genus of Hemiptera, andof a species of Hegeter. The Zoological Journal, No. 17, Jan.-May, 1829(1830), pp. 36-40, pi. 2, fig. 5. [Monobasic, C. marginatus, new species, geno-type, Madeira.]Emesodema Spinola, Maximilien. Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres,Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres, 1840, p. S7 [founded on Ploiaria domestica Scopoli,hence an absolute synonym of Ploiaria. ]Luteva Doiirn, A. Emesina, 1860, pp. 242-3 [included species, all new;L. concolor, Celebes ; L. gundlachi, Cuba ; and L. macrophthalmus, Braziland Colombia, of which the first named was subsequently designated astype by Van Duzee, Cat. Ilemip. Amer. North of Mexico, 1917, p. 235].
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 49
Ploiariopsis Champion, G. C. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta.Rhynchota. Heniiptera-Heteroptera, vol. 2, p. 178, Oct. 1898. [Includedspecies, both new: P. megalops, Panama; and P. praerfotor, Guatemala, ofwhich the former was subsequently designated as type by Van Duzee, Cat.Hemip. 1917, p. 235.]Emendation : Ploearia.This genus shows in the structure of the fore tarsi an approachto the form of those of Barce, but in the armature of the fore femorathere is a stronger resemblance to Emesa and its allies. In thewinged forms of this genus the pronotum does not extend overdorsum of mesonotum except at the extreme anterior margin. Thevenation of the forewing is characteristic and in the hind wingthere is immediately beyond the cross-vein a distinct thickening ofthe membrane and a slightly denser appearance similar to thatof the costa extending almost across the field of the wing which isnot found in any other genus in the subfamily so far as we know.The latter character is shown in figure 83. That we have here agroup of closely allied species well regarded as belonging to a singlegenus is evident from the intergradation observable in what havebeen considered diagnostic characters. This is true not only of thearmature of the fore legs, but also of the spines on the posterior lobeof the head. As for the presence or absence of hairs on the antennaeit may be said that in this and some other genera the degree of devel-opment of these is a sexual character. If minor differences in thearmature of the fore-legs and other characters of like importanceare seized upon as justifying the recognition of additional genera,there will be almost no end to the process in a subfamily so rich instructural differences as the Ploiariinae.To illustrate what would happen in the present genus if Ploiariaand Luteva were recognized as genera and the process carried to itslogical end, Ploiaria would consist only of domestica and its closestallies ; the species with two-spined trochanters would form a differentgenus ; Luteva could not include a species with like femoral armaturebut with spined trochanter like setulifera here described; Cerascopuswould be resurrected, and various segregates of one or a few7 speciescould be made on equally valid grounds. Generic importance hasbeen claimed for a character, absence or presence of wings, which isnot even of specific value in this group. Recognizing an excessivenumber of genera makes it difficult to construct and to use the generickey. When the genera approach the one-species standard the generickey becomes as difficult to use as an unusually long specific key: Is itnot better to divide the burden between them ? This can be done onlyby the recognition so far as practicable of genera which comprehendmore species than the mere variants of a single specific type. If onegets off the track in a complicated generic key, he may soon go far
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.. 67into strange country; while with a simple key, after following aneasy lead to the genus, even if he does find a key grouping a con-siderable number of related forms, he will at least be near his destina-tion (that is, among forms truly related to that in hand). Wingedand apterous specimens occur in the same species of Ploiaria, and i(requires close observation at times to make certain whether apterous-specimens are nymphs or adults. The full development of the geni-talia and the three, instead of two, segmented tarsi, however, serveto identify adults in such cases.KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Fore trochanters with one or more spines (sometimes merely bristles), usu-ally set on raised bases (the body of trochanter itself often acutely pro-duced ) , never with numerous setae ; fore femur with 4 to 7 stout spineswhich are always set on more or less distinctly enlarged and elevatedbases, standing in line with or almost in line with a larger number of muchsmaller spines or bristles on the posteroventral surface, the longer spinessometimes with an outward curvature (fig. 80) ; apical antennal segmentlonger than subapical, never shorter than it; length of fore coxa variablein relation to length of fore tibia (Subgenus Ploiaria) 2Fore trochanters nearly bare or with few to numerous fine hairs, one or twoof which are sometimes bristle-like ; fore femur with the spines or bristleson the posteroventral surface more uniform in length, the larger bristleslacking enlarged elevated bases, and almost straight (fig. 74) ; apicalantennal segment shorter than subapical, equal to it only in setulifera;fore coxa invariably longer than fore tibia (Subgenus Luteva) 162. Posterior lobe of head with a prominent median backwardly projecting spine(fig. S5) 3Posterior lobe of head lacking spine 43 Last tergite of male with a slender, obtuse, strap-shaped process extendingback over hypopygium and closely adherent to it (fig. 86) ; hind margin ofhypopygium as in figure 87; median process of seventh tergite of femaleextending distinctly farther caudad than the acute lateral angles (fig. 88).denticauda, new species (p. 63),Last tergite of male with a shorter, pointed process (fig. 92) ; hind marginof hypopygium as in figure 91 ; median process of seventh tergite of fe-male extending but little farther caudad than the rounded lateral angles(fig. 90) hirticornis (Banks) (p. 04).4. Posterior lobe of head with an erect spinelet at margin of eye on each sidebehind constriction reticulata (Baker) (p. 63).Posterior lobe of head not so armed 55. Posterior lobe of head with a more or less prominent median ridge 6Posterior lobe of head lacking such a ridge 76. Posterior lobe of head with a slight central elevation anteriorly, and an-other posteriorly, between which there is a low longitudinal ridge; ante-rior lobe of head sulcate behind ; fore coxa little longer than fore tibia
;
a highly colored species, beak with two dark bands, mid and hind femorafuscous apically, each with a subapical pale annulus, the correspondingtibiae fuscous basally, with subbasal pale annuli.granulata, new species (p. 57).Posterior lobe of head with a more or less distinct median carina. (Thisis true of uniseriata and punctipes which run on other characters be-ginning with next couplet 7
art. 1 AMERICAN PL0IAR1INAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 51
7. Fore coxa shorter than fore tihia ; wings entirely absent 8Fore coxa as long as, or longer than, fore tibia ; wings or wing padspresent 98. The long spines on postero-ventral surface of fore femur forming a seriesdistinctly laterad of the short setnlae marginata (Heineken) (p. 65).The long spines on posteroventral surfaces of fore femur in the same seriesas the short setulae aptera, new species (p. 66 i9. Fore coxa nearly twice as long as fore tibia ( tig. 80) ; anterior lobe olbead with a short but deep sulcus posteriorly ; spines on fore femur distinctly longer than the femoral diammeter 10Fore coxa but little longer than fore tibia ; anterior lobe of head withouta sulcus 1210. Mesonotum rather depressed, with a broad elliptical sulcus extending nearlyits entire length ; only soft hairs between the strong postero-ventralspines on fore femur ; thorax pale above ; legs not banded ; length 4 mm.
;
diseal cell of fore wing as in figure 81, the inner apical part angulate.uniseriata, new species (p. 61).Mesonotum well arched hotli transversely and longitudinally, without me-dian depression ; legs banded ; short spines between the strong postero-ventral spines on fore femur ; larger species, darker colored ; inner apicalpart of diseal cell of forewings rounded (fig. 82) 1111. Male hypopygial claspers nearly as long as genital segment; length of in-sect mm punctipes, new species (p. 62).Male hypopygial claspers much shorter than genital segment ; length of in-sect 8 mm similis, new species (p. 62).12. Distance bwtween eyes on dorsum of head greater than the width of oneeye : antennae short hispid or microscopically pubescent 13Distance between eyes on dor*uni of head not greater than width of oneeye ; basal two antennal segments distinctly hairy, the hairs longer thanthe diameter of segments 1413. Fore tarsus fully two-thirds as long as fore tibia ; hind border of male hy-popygium as in figure 75 Carolina (Herrich-Schaffer) (p. 58).Fore tarsus not two-thirds as long as fore tibia ; hind border of malebypopygium as in figure 76 floridana (Bergroth) (p. 59).14. Wings whitish, without distinct markings; basal segment of antenna atleast as long as entire insect 14aWings brownish, with dark markings; basal segment of antenna not aslong as entire insect 1514a. Diseal cell of forewing broad, not over 2.5 as long as its greatest width andabout four-fifths as long as the vein emanating from its apex ; cross-veinat two-fifths from apex of longitudinal vein.albipennis, new species (p. 60).Diseal cell of forewing narrow, at least five times as long as its greatestwidth and a little longer than the vein emanating from its apex; cross-vein at not more than one-third from apex of longitudinal vein.umbrarum, new species (p. 60).15. Antennal hairs but little longer than diameter of segments; hind border ofmale bypopygium as in figure 77 bispina, new species (p. 59).Antennal hairs four or five times as long as the diameter of segments ; hindborder of male bypopygium as in figure 79.pilicornis, new species (p. 61).16. Eye wider than interocular space (fig. 67) 17Eye not wider than interocular space (fig. 72) 19
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07
17. Large pale species, over 10 mm. in length; antennae conspicuously hairy;fore femur with two brown annuli, one before and one beyond the middle
;
mid and hind femora yellow, whitish apically. with one broad preapicaldark brown band ; thorax largely yellow ventrally. more conspicuouslyblackened on dorsum than on venter macrophthalma (Dohrn) (p. 53).Smaller, darker species, less than 10 mm. in length : fore femur with fourbrown annuli, including one at base and another at apex ; mid and hindfemora brown with one or two preapical pale annuli : thorax fuscouson venter 1818. Pronotum twice as long as its greatest width ; venation of forewing as invaripennis, the vein leaving apex of discal cell undulated, crossvein nearits middle ; mid and hind femora each with 2 preapical pale annuli ; foretrochanter with one outstanding bristle brunnea, new species (p. 54).Pronotum about one third longer than its greatest width ; discal cell of fore-wing as in punetipes; vein leaving apex of discal cell straight, cross-veinat one third length of that vein from apex; mid and hind femora eachwith 1 pale annulus ; fore trochanter with two fine, rather widely sepa-rated outstanding bristles sicaria, new species (p. 55).19. Fore trochanter bare or with only soft hairs 20Fore trochanter with soft hairs and a single outstanding bristle anteriorly
;
fore femora faintly banded, other legs nearly unicolorous, pale fuscous,knees narrowly pale? setulifera, new species (p. 55).20. Mid and hind femora each with a subapical dark or reddish band 21Mid and hind legs entirely pale varipennis, new species (p. 56).21. Apical cross-vein of forewing at or close to middle of vein from apex of dis-cal cell ; the elongate dark mark in middle of discal cell rather faint.gundlachi (Dohrn) (p. 56).Apical cross-vein at one-third from base of vein from apex of discal cellelongate dark mark in discal cell linear, almost black, appearing chiti-nized rufoannulata (Bergroth) (p. 57).REMARKS ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES OTHER THAN THOSE INCLUDED IN THE KEY.
californiensis (Ploiaria) Baker, C. F. Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent, vol. 2,No. 2, May, 1910, pp. 226-7. [Claremont, Calif.]May be the nymph of P. reticulata Baker. If adult it may berelated to P. marginata.fairmairei (Emesodema) Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1860, pp. 248-249 [West Indies].meyalops (Ploiariopsis) Champion, G. C. Biologia, vol. 2, p. 174, Oct. 1898[Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama].Apparently granulata of our key is close to this species, whichhowever has much larger eyes and pilose antennae; our species mayprove to be the female of megalops.praedator (Ploiariopsis), Champion, G. C. Biologia, vol. 2, p. 174, Oct1898 [Capetillo, Guatemala].Agrees to some extent with our icniseriata, but the eyes are smaller,and the posterior lobe of head not sulcate anteriorly.sonoraensis (Ploiariopsis), Van Duzee, E. P. Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., ser. 4, vol.12, No. 11, June 7, 1923, p. 144. [San Diego Id., Gulf of Calif.] Said to beallied to megalops.texana (Ploiaria), Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 44 [College Station, Tex.].
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 53We have examined the type of this species (Mus. Comp. Zool.) andpossibly we have renamed it in our P. similis. However, the abdo-men of type is missing and the genitalia have neither been figured nordescribed ; specific identification thus is impracticable.SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.Fore trochanter of normal form, bare, pubescent, or with one or two bristles
;
spines of postero-ventral series of fore femur nearly uniform in length.Subgenus Luteva, sens. hit. brunnea.sicaria.gundlachi.macrophthalma.rufoannulata.setulifera.varipennis.Fore trochanter often produced ventrally as a base for the 1 to 3 spines orbristles with which it is armed ; spines of postero-ventral series of fore femurvery unequal in size, sometimes in a double row. Subgenus Ploiaria, sens. lat.Wings or wing-pads present in adults.Fore coxa subequal to fore tibia, hind lobe of head with a medianridge. granulate.Fore coxa longer than fore tibia. Hind lobe of head unarmed.albipennis.bispina.Carolina,floridana.pilicornis.umbrarum.Hind lobe of head with a median carina. punctipes.similis.uniseriata.Hind lobe of head with orbital spinelets. reticulata.Hind lobe of head with two tubercles and a median spine.denticauda.hirticornis.Wing pads absent in adults ; fore coxa shorter than fore tibia. aptera.marginata.PLOIARIA MACROPHTHALMA (Dohrn).Luteva macrophthalmus Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1S60, pp. 244-5, pi. 1, figs. 23, 24(Brazil; Colombia].A pale brownish-testaceous species with conspicuous black eyesand dark brown to black marks on each side of pronotum andmesonotum, disk of metanotum, and on mesopleura. The fore femurhas two brown annuli, one before and the other beyond the middle
;
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67mid and hind femora each with a pre-apical and tibiae with afaint sub-basal brown annulus. Forewing with four dark brownclouds, one at base of discal cell, one on costa, and another on hindmargin at middle of discal cell, and one on costa at extremity oftransverse apical vein.Head as in figure 67; apical antennal segment 0.75 as long assubapical, basal 2 segments longhaired. Pronotum slender, longerthan mesonotum, gradually narrowed to near posterior margin, thenrather abruptly widened; mesonotum slightly sulcate centrally.Hind margin of preapical abdominal tergite broadly concave;hypopygium of male without a central spine, the claspers long, veryslender, overlapping and much curved, fanglike. Fore coxa 1.75as long as pronotum and four-fifths as long as fore femur; tro-chanters pilose; femur slender, the armature consisting of fineslightly irregular spines; fore tibia half as long as femur andtwice as long as fore tarsus, without erect ventral setulae; tip oftarsus falling considerably short of base of femur; mid and hindlegs very long and slender. Discal cell of forewing ending ina narrow point (fig. 68).Length, 11-12 mm.Locality, Portobello, Panama, April 18. 1912, February 21, 1911,and March 12, 1911, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.)PLOIARIA BRUNNEA, new species.A much darker species than macrophthalma, differing as statedin key and in having a much more noticeable white annulus at apexof each of the first two segments of antenna, that on basal one-being much narrower.Head as in figure 69, not so much narrowed posteriorly as inmacrophthafona. Antennae and fore legs similar to those of pre-ceding species in proportions. Pronotum and mesonotum slightlygranulose and subopaque, not conspicuously shining as in macro-phthalma, nor so gradually tapered.Fore wing more conspicuously marked than in preceding species,the dark marks in cells more or less distinctly radiating from a cen-tral spot or streak. Apical tergite of male less concave than inpreceding species, the hypopygium with a strong blunt upwardlydirected protuberance in center, not conspicuously haired, the claspersstouter and more circularly curved, gradually tapered from base.Length, 7 mm.Tlolotype.?Male, Chapada, Brazil, June (Carnegie Mus.) ; allo-type, Trinidad Kio, Panama, May 7, 1911, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.).Allotype.?Female, Cat. No. 26716, U.S.N.M.
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 55PLOIARIA SICARIA, new species.Male.?Coloration similar to that of brunnea but with the lateralmargins and a carinate line on each side of disk of mesonotum, white;the costa of forewing is more extensively reddish, and the cell beyondthe apical cross vein is entirely fuscous instead of only partly so.Proportions of fore tibia and fore femur 20:35 (in brunnea25:45); claws of fore tarsi slightly unequal as in brunnea. Uppermargin of hypopygium similar to that of bispina (fig. 77) but thespines much shorter; claspers as in figure 70, more abruptly nar-rowed than in brunnea.Length, 8 mm.Holotype.?Huachi Beni, Bolivia, September, 1922, W. M. Mann.[Mulford Biological Expedition] (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Gat. No. 26717 U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA SETULIFERA, new species.Female.?A pale yellowish brown species without conspicuous*markings, the apices of hind and mid femora whitish. Forewingswith a few brown markings consisting of poorly defined spots orstreaks, the most noticeable situated in middle of discal cell andjust behind discal cell on inner side of wing.Head similar to that of pilicornis; preapical and apical antennalsegments about as in last two species as to proportions. Pronotumalmost uniform in width to near posterior margin, where it isslightly flared, microscopically granulose and not sulcate; meso-notum with a very shallow broad central sulcus. Fore coxa about1.5 as long as pronotum; fore trochanter with some fine hairs andone or two distinct, but short bristles; fore femur as in precedingtwo species; fore tibia half as long as femur, with a ventral seriesof decumbent setulae, which are directed apicad, very minute at baseand becoming gradually longer apically; fore tarsus over threefourths as long as tibia, extending almost to base of femur.Forewing as in figure 71.Length, 8 mm.Holotype.?West Lake, Cape Sable, Fla., February 26, 1919, A.Wetmore; Paradise Key, Fla., March 10, E. A. Schwarz and H.S. Barber (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26718, U.S.N.M.There are also three nymphs from the same localities which agreein most respects with the foregoing description. The wingpadsare present, there are only two segments in the tarsi, and the arma-ture of the fore legs is relatively stronger (especially in the brist-ling of the trochanter), more noticeably so in the younger speci-mens.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67We have seen a species of this group, very closely related tosetulifera, from Hong Kong, China, F. W. Terry (Bueno).PLOIARIA GUNDLACHI (Dohrn).Luteva gundlachi Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1860, p. 244, pi. 1, fig. 19 [Cuba].A pale yellowish species with more or less distinct dark brownmarkings. The most constant marks are on the mesonotum andbefore the apices of the mid and hind femora, the former havingthree rudimentary vittae and the latter a broad subapical band.The wings have more numerous brown spots than in the three pre-ceding species, three on costa (one at base of discal cell, one aboutone third from base, and the other about one fourth from apex)being most conspicuous; there are two elongate marks, one in discalcell and the other beyond the cell between the longitudinal vein andhind margin, from which emanate brown linear markings givingthe wing a reticulated appearance.Head as in figure 72. Pronotum slightly longer than mesonotum,almost parallel-sided to near posterior margin, then dilated, notsilicate; mesonotum slightly widened posteriorly and like the pro-notum, opaque and with fine decumbent pubescence. Hind borderof male hypopygium without a central spine, furnished with manystiff, backwardly directed hairs on each side near bases of claspers,the latter slender apically, much curved and hairy. Fore legs asin the preceding species. Transverse apical vein a little less thanmidway between apex of discal cell and apex of wing.Length, 9-10 mm.Localities, Balthazar, Grenada, West Indies, H. H. Smith (U.S.N.M.) ; Cayenne, French Guiana, February, 1917 (Carnegie Mus.) :Mayaguez, Porto Rico, July, 1914 (Amer. Mus.).PLOIARIA VARIPENNIS, new specie.Similar in color to the preceding species, but the preapical fem-oral band and mesonotal markings are very faint or absent. Themarkings of the forewings are darker, and of about the same pat-tern, but there is only one large dark brown spot on costa, namely,the one about one-third from base of discal cell, the others beingvery small and not more conspicuous than the other spots on wing.Head as in gundlachi. Male hypopygium with a slight roundedcentra^ production of the hind border and with fewer and finer hairsthan in last species, the claspers more abruptly curved. Fore wingas in figure 73. Fore legs as in figure 74.Length, 10-11 mm.Holotype.?A male; allotype, and five nymphs, Cacao, TreceAguas, Alto Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 23. Paratype female, and
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 57
one nymph, same locality, April 11, and four nymphs, April 2, 13,and 21, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.).Type, allotype, and paratype.?Cat. No. 26719 U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA RUFOANNULATA (Bergroth).Luteva rufoannulata Bekgroth, E. Psyche, vol. IS, No. 1, Feb. 1911, pp.18-19 [Jamaica].We have examined the type of this species. It is closely relatedto gundlachi, the principal distinctions being found in the wings.The markings of the forewings appear to furnish a ready means ofidentification. There are eight dark marks along costa, those op-posite base, and middle of discal cell and the one at apex of thecross-vein being especially conspicuous, while there are two discallinear blackish brown marks that are especially prominent ; one indiscal cell and the other in the cell below the cross-vein; neither ofthese marks has radiating streaks emanating from it as is the casein gundla-chi. Mid femur witli a preapical reddish annulus, forecoxa with most of apical half, and fore femur with three bands ofthe same color.The abdomen is missing in type so that wre can not compare thegenitalia with those of gwidlachi, but in other structural charactersthe species are very close.Length to tip of hemelytra, 9 mm.Holotype.?Mandeville, Jamaica, E. P. Van Duzee (Van Duzee).PLOIARIA GRANULATA. new species.Female.?A dark-colored species with pale legs, the latter verycharacteristically marked, with a narrow fuscous subapical annulusand a broader apical one on each mid and hind femur, and a mod-erately broad basal annulus on each mid and hind tibia which havea median whitish spot on outer side that does not entirely encirclethe tibia. The antennae are yellowish, fuscous at bases and apicesof segments, the basal segment with a broad subbasal whitishannulus. The swollen bases of fore femoral spines fuscous, thespines yellow.Eyes small, about half as long as distance from their anteriormargin to apex of head; anterior lobe of head with a slight eleva-tion on each side of sulcus; apical antennal segment about 1.75 aslong as subapical; head and pronotum minutely granulate, eachgranule surmounted by a microscopic hair. Wing pads present,the mesothoracic pair largest. Abdomen slightly ovate, each tergiteslightly produced on each side posteriorly, the amount of produc-tion increasing gradually to tergite G, a slight median process nearposterior margin of each tergite from second to seventh, inclusive.
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67the largest on tergite 6. Fore coxa a little longer than pronotum,minutely granulose, each granule with a microscopic pale hair whichis directed towards apex of coxa; fore trochanter with two thornson elevated bases; fore femur curved outwardly at middle, uppersurface granulose as in coxae, the elevated bases of long postero-ventral spines about. as long as the femoral diameter, the longestspines at least twice as long as their bases, the short spines also withelevated bases, one or two between each pair of the longer spinesand slightly nearer to ventral surface than that series, the spinesof postero-ventral series are curved outward and those of the antero-ventral series inward so that the tibia lies entirely clear of themwhen it is placed against the under surface of the femur; foretibia with a series of distinct semierect setulae along postero-ventralsurface and a similar series of longer setulae on basal half of antero-ventral surface; fore tarsus about two-thirds as long as tibia, withsome setulae along the postero-ventral margin of basal segment.Length, 4?4.5 mm.Tlolotype.?Female Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guate-mala, April 20; paratype female topotypical, April 14, E. A.Schwarz and H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.)Type and paratype.?Female, Cat. No. 26720, U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA CAROLINA (Herrich-Schaffer).Emesodema mrolvna Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. Die wanzenartigen In-secten, vol. 9, 1853, p. 8, fig. 936 [Carolina].A dark brown species with a pale dorso-central line on head andthorax, the fore femora with fairly prominent pale annuli and theapices of mid and hind femora yellowish. The wings are browm andfaintly marbled with darker brown, not distinctly reticulated withfine brown lines as in some other species; a darker spot in discalcell.In the nymph there is a rather noticeable central elevation on an-terior margin of posterior lobe of head, but in the mature specimensthis is almost or entirely absent. The apterous forms have the pro-notum tapered posteriorly and almost without a constriction be-fore the hind margin on top, the sides somewhat flared; in thewinged forms the hind margin is* noticeably flared dorsally also.Male hypopygium with the hind border as in figure 75. Forefemur stout, with G or 7 long postero-ventral spines, the longestfully as long as the femoral diameter, the apical one well beyondmiddle of femur; fore tibia without readily distinguishable setulae,but somewhat densely haired.Length, 4.5-5.5 mm.
.-.KT. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 59Localities, Thomasville, Ga., May 6, 1912, male, Mrs. A. P. Tay-lor (U.S.N.M.) ; Wrightsville, N. C, April 16, 1916, female, W. T.Davis (Davis) ; Wilmington, N. C, one winged male, one apterousfemale, and one nymph, H. G. Barber (Barber).PLOIARIA FLORIDANA (Bergroth).Luteva floridana Bergroth, E. Two new American Ploeariiuae (Hem., Re-duviidae), Konowia, vol. 1, 1922, pp. 218-219, August 20, 1922 [Florida].Male.?Very similar to the preceding species, differing as statedin the key. The pronotum is without the slight dorso-median sulcusof Carolina, the eyes in the winged form are larger, and the longestspines on the postero-ventral surface of fore femur are not as longas the femoral diameter; fore tibia not so much expanded distally;central spine on posterior border of hypopygium apparently simpleinstead of paired (fig. 76). The forewing has the venation as indenticauda (fig. 89).Length, 6 mm.The type which we have examined, is from Florida (Van DuzeeColl.). We have the species also from Crescent City, Fla., UhlerColl. (U.S.N.M.)The crossvein connecting the apical longitudinal vein with costais erroneously stated in the original description to be absent.PLOIARIA BISPINA, new species.Male.?Almost uniformly pale brownish yellow, paler than Caro-lina, the fore femur not annulate, mid and hind legs with apices offemora and bases of tibiae whitish. Wings pale brownish, some-what mottled.Width of head across eyes almost as great as its dorsal length.Pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, very slightly sulcatecentrally. Fore coxa 1.5 as long as pronotum, slender, not granu-lose; spines on postero-ventral surface of fore femur numerous,three or four between each pair of the longer spines, the latter notlonger than the femoral diameter, the apical long spine very shortand but little beyond middle of femur ; ventral setulae on fore tibiadistinct at least on apical half or more. Posterior border of hypo-pygium as in figure 77.Length, 5.5-6.5 mm.Holotype.?Male, Mexico, 2154, no other data, C. F. Baker(U.S.N.M.). Paratype, males, Bartica, British Guiana (Acad. Nat.Sci. Phila.) ; Para, Brazil, August (Carnegie Mus.).Other specimens in poor condition, labelled Cuba, 181 (U.S.N.M.and Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).Type.?Cat. No. 26721 U.S.N.M.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol. 6TPLOIARIA ALBIPENNIS. new species.Male.?A pale stramineous species without conspicuous markings.The forewings are entirely unmarked, the veins on basal half slightlysmoky, those on apical half very pale. The fore femora have afaint narrow preapical and a narrower and less distinct apical bandbrown, while the mid and hind pairs are pale brownish with arather distinct preapical broad darker brown annulus; knees pale.Basal segment of antenna long-haired, as long as 2+3, fourthabout five-sixths as long as third. Fore coxa nearly as long aspronotum and mesonotum, and subequal to fore tibia; trochanterwith two moderately strong spines, and a bristle; femur with aboutsix outstanding spines, the intervening short spines set on elevatedbases. A pair of slender spines inside of upper border of hypo-pygium as in bispina, the hypopygial claspers slender, abruptlycurved near apex and pointed. Venation normal, discal cell aboutfour-fifths as long as vein emanating from its apex, the latter dis-tinctly curved, not reaching margin of wing, the cross vein nearlystraight, at two-fifths length of posterior vein from apex.Length, 7 mm.Holotype.?Lower California, 1895, Diguet (Paris Mus.). Para-type, Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico, June, 1897, C. H. T. Townsend(Iowa). PLOIARIA UMBRARUM, new species.Male.?Brownish testaceous, the wings apparently immaculate;and only the apices of hind femora and bases of hind tibia whitish.The specimens were preserved in alcohol which may have changedthe coloring.Width of head less than its length; interocular space less thanwidth of one eye. Prothorax and mesothorax subequal. Hy-popygium without strong paired spines inside the apical border,the claspers rather angularly bent at middle, with acutely pointedtips. Fore coxa fully as long as prothorax and mesothorax com-bined, and very slightly longer than fore tibia; armature of forefemur rather fine, the longest bristles at middle shorter than femoraldiameter. Venation as stated in key.Length, 7 mm.Holotype.?And one paratype male, Mandeville, Jamaica, in acave. (U.S.N.M.)This is the only species of the subfamily from the New Worldwhich we have any record of as occurring in caves but there areseveral species so recorded from the Eastern Hemisphere.Type and paratype.?Cut. No. 2G722, U.S.N.M.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 61PLOIARIA PILICORNIS, new species.Male.?Similar to bispina in color but the fore femur has a faintsubapical fuscous annulus.The head is slightly broader than in bispina (fig. 78), the pro-notum is not sulcate and is more constricted before the hind margin,the fore femora are stouter, the short spines are less numerous, thelong spines are longer, the longest fully as long as the femoraldiameter, and the apical one is at one-third the length of femur fromapex. Hind border of hypopygium as in figure 79.Length, 5.5 mm.Holotype.?Higley, Ariz., June 27, 1917, E. G. Holt (U.S.N.M.).Type?Cat. No. 26723 U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA UNISERIATA, new species.Male.?Brownish fuscous, dorsum of mesonotum yellowish-testa-ceous, antennae and legs brown, not noticeably annulated. Wingswith dusky reticulation and a more prominent spot in discal celland in area of wing just posterior to it on inner side.Eyes large, as high as head and nearly half its length, width ofone above equal to space between them ; posterior margin of anteriorlobe of head and anterior margin of posterior lobe each with a shortdeep sulcus in center, on each side of which the surface is slightlytumid; antennae long-haired. Pronotum not much tapered, veryslightly flared posteriorly ; mesonotum gradually widened posteriorly,with a shallow median dorsal sulcus ; mesonotum ending in a roundedknob; metanotum with the margin raised and three discal carinae.Fore coxa slender, about 1.25 as long as pronotum ; trochanter withone long curved spine and one or two shorter bristles ; femur curved,a little thicker than coxa, postero-ventral series of spines consistingof about six, their bases distinctly swollen, the longest more thantwice as long as femoral diameter, the spines bent outward; ventralsurface fine-haired, with a series of short erect setulae on medianthird ; antero-ventral spines much shorter than postero-ventral, aboutseven in number, inwardly curved, a wider space in the series nearbase for the reception of the tarsus ; tibia two-thirds as long as coxa,with fine setulae along antero-ventral surface which are about as longas tibial diameter; tarsus about as long as tibia, basal segment withmicroscopic setulae posteriorly (fig. 80). Transverse vein at one-third of the distance from tip of wing to apex of discal cell, the latteras in figure 81. Hypopygium rather long, black and polishedmedianly, claspers long and slender, much curved and tapered onapical half; apical tergite convex posteriorly.Female.?Similar to the male in armature of the fore legs. Theeyes are much smaller; there are only small wingpads present; the
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67abdomen is much more robust, and there are small but distinct proc-esses on middle of hind margins of tergites ; seventh tergite horizontal,with a short, triangular median process, the margin concave, thenangled each side of it ; eighth tergite deflexed, narrowed toward apex,which is transverse.Length, Male, 4 mm. ; nymph, 3.5 mm.Holotype.?Male, San Thomas, Brownsville, Tex., May 30, 1904;allotype', Brownsville, Tex., May 21, 1904, H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.).Type and allotype.?Cat No.*26724 U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA PUNCTIPES. new species.Male.?Brownish fuscous, with testaceous markings and gray pu-bescence on head and thorax. Legs and antennae testaceous-yellow,coxae and femora spotted and annulated with fuscous. Wings withfuscous markings much as in preceding species, but the dark spotin center of discal cell is more conspicuous and while in uniseriatathere is an isolated dark spot just beyond apex of discal cell clear ofthe longitudinal vein in this species the spot touches the vein ; mark-ings somewhat more aggregated in clouds at apex of wing.Posterior lobe of head not sulcate anteriorly, but with a low longi-tudinal median carina ; subapical antennal segment fully three-fourths as long as apical. Pronotum narrower and longer than inuniseriata. Fore coxa slender, about 1.25 as long as pronotum; forefemur slender, slightly curved, long postero-ventral spines as in pre-ceding species, but with one or two short spines between each pairof antero-ventral spines, a rather irregular series of short setulaeventrad of them; antero-ventral setulae on fore tibia very short;tibia and tarsus as in uniseriata. Apical sternite less than half aslong as preceding one; hypopygium long, dark and polished medianly,claspers long, slender, much curved but not tapered, ending abruptlyin a sharp point, posterior hypopygial border with a short stoutspike. Discal cell of forewing and the hind wing as in figures 82and 83.Length. 6 mm.Holotype.?La Chorrera, Panama, May 17, 1912, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26725, U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA SIMILIS, new species.Male.?Similar to the preceding species in color and structure,differing as stated in key, and in size. Forewings as in figure 84.Length, 8 mm.Holotype.?Los Borregas, Brownsville, Tex., May 23, 1904, H. S.Barber (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat, No. 26726. U.S.N.M.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 63PLOIARIA RETICULATA (Baker).Ploiariopsis reticulata Raker, C. F. California Emesidae (Hemiptera),Pomona College Journal of Entomology, vol. 2, No. 2, May, 1910, pp. 225-6[Claremont, Calif.].Male.?Head and thorax testaceous yellow, mottled with fuscous.Antennae stramineous, basal segment fuscous at base and apex andwith a rather broad subapical and a narrow apical whitish annulus;beak annulate. Mesonotum with 2 linear submedian brown vittae,laterad of these the disk is grayish, each lateral margin broadlybrown. Abdomen black, faintly speckled with yellowish, spiracleswhite. Legs stramineous, fore pair mottled with blackish and ratherimperfectly annulate, mid and hind femora with faint brownish dotson basal half and each with 3 broad brown annuli on apical half.Forewings with brownish fuscous markings, forming reticulationson the greater part of disk, the most distinct marks being 2 longblackish streaks, one in apical half of discal cell and the other beyondthat cell and behind the longitudinal vein but distinctly clear of it,the hind margin of the vein narrowly brown.Head about as broad as long, with a small sharp spike at eye mar-gin just behind transverse dorsal constriction, and a small round pro-tuberance behind eye on side of head; antennae long-haired, thirdsegment fully as long as fourth. Pronotum slightty flared poste-riorly. Hypopygium with a bifid process projecting upward insideof hind border, the claspers not very long, curved, tapered at apices.Fore trochanters produced into an acute process below which isarmed with 2 or 3 spines. Forewing with discal cell subequal inlength to longitudinal vein beyond it. the transverse apical veinfaint, situated at nearly three fourths of the distance from apex ofdiscal cell to apex of wing, the longitudinal vein bent down apically.Length, 9 mm.Redescribed from a male paratype, Claremont, Calif., Metz(Cornell Univ.).Dr. C. F. Baker reports the species common about Claremont.PLOIARIA DENTICAUDA, new species.Male.?This species is colored like granulata, but the femoral andtibial annulation is much less distinct. Head as in figure 85.In addition to the characters mentioned in the key it differs fromgranulata as follows: The fore coxae, fore femora, and pronotumare not granulose and haired as in that species, the postero-ventralspines on fore femur are in an almost regular series, the bases of thelonger spines are pale, but little differentiated from the spines andboth combined are but little longer than the femoral diameter; thefore tibia has the series of setulae on postero-ventral surface very
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07weak and short and that on basal half of antero-ventral surface prac-tically absent; the fore tarsi are as long as tibiae. The male hypopy-gium is as shown in figures 86 and 87, the tergites are not producedon sides and the processes on the middle of hind margins of tergitesexcept the last one are very small. The series of males containswinged and subapterous specimens; the venation of the forewing isshown in figure 89.Female.?Similar to the male but the apical tergites are as de-scribed in key (fig. 88), and the antennae are very short hispid in-stead of long-haired.Length, 5-5.5 mm.Holotype.?Male, Fort Yuma, Ariz., January 23, H. G. Hubbard
;
allotype, Palm Springs, Calif., February 7, H. G. Hubbard, para typessame data as foregoing (U.S.N.M.) ; and Calipatria, Calif., Novem-ber 28, 1921, E. R. Kalmbach (Biol. Survey). Broken specimens notdesignated as type material: Williams, Ariz., May 27 and June 9,E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.).Type, allotype, and paratypes.?Cat. No. 2672, U.S.N.M.PLOIARIA HIRTICORNIS (Banks).Ploiariopsis hirticorkis Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 44 [Southern Pines,N. C.].Ploiaria Carolina Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, pp. 44-45 [Southern Pines,N. C.]. The female of P. hirticornis.This species closely resembles the last in structure of the forelegs, but the coxae are more slender and nearly twice as long as thetibiae, the fore tarsi are as long as the tibiae, the elevated bases ofthe long spines of postero-ventral series are about as in the lastspecies, white, and the spines are blackish; the pronotum is longerand narrower than in granulosa, the abdomen has no lateral projec-tions on tergites and the dorsal tubercles are small anteriorly, in-creasing in size posteriorly ; the seventh tergite of the female has thelateral angles slightly produced and a longer central process (fig.90) ; the apical border of the male hypopygium is as in figure 91;apical tergite as in figure 92. All our specimens have minute wingpads except one male paratype which is fully winged ; the wings arerather closely reticulated with fuscous, the heaviest markings beingin discal cell and along hind side of vein emanating from it.Length, 5-6 mm.Localities, Mulligans Hill, D. C, December 10, 1916, H. S. Barber(U.S.N.M.) ; Southern Pines, N. C, December 28, 29, 1908, A. H.Manee, type material (McAtee, Mus. Comp. Zool.). The holotypeexamined.An immature female from Shreveport, La. (Mus. Comp. Zool.)has the abdomen inflated, especially posteriorly, median tubercles
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 65on all tergites, that on five most prominent; eighth tergite concaveapically, without process.PLOIARIA MARGINATA (Heineken).Cerascopus marginatus Heineken, C. Zool. Journ., Jan.-May, 1829 (1830),pp. 36-40, pi. 2, fig. 5 [Madeira].Cerascopus canariensis Noualhier, Maurice. Note sur le genre PloiariaScop. Reiit. (Emesodema Spin., Cerascopus Hein.) et description de quatreespeces nouvelles palearctiques. Rev. d'Ent, vol. 14, 1S95, p. 168 [CanaryIslands].Male.?Brownish fuscous, with a longitudinal central line on headand thorax, two round spots on each lobe of head and upper sidesof pronotum, the lateral margins of pronotum and mesonotum andventral surface of head and thorax yellowish. Antennae and legsbrownish yellow, darker just before apices of femora and yellowishat apices.Antennae short-hispid, apical segment about 1.75 as long as sub-apical; eyes small, not occupying over half the height of head, andshorter than distance from their hind margin to posterior marginof head, surface of head microscopically granulose; fore coxa aslong as pronotum and about two thirds as long as fore tibia, withmicroscopic subdecumbent hairs, but not granulose; fore femur stout,surface as in coxa, outer series of strong spines on posterodorsalsurface numbering four or five, their bases elevated, their entirelength not greater than diameter of femur, the inner series notinterrupted opposite bases of the strong spines, consisting of manyclosely placed setulae; antero-ventral series with no isolated bristleat or near base as in the species which have the tarsus falling shortof apex. of coxa; tibia two thirds as long as femur, the antero-ventraland postero-ventral hairs short; tarsus extending to middle oftrochanter, fully half as long as tibia, basal segment without evi-dent setulae. Pronotum with a rounded low tubercle each side ofneck, tapered posteriorly, constricted just behind anterior margin,widest in front of middle, a distinct constriction between pronotumand mesonotum, the latter widening to above coxal insertions, witha median linear sulcus and slight longitudinal ridge along each sideof dorsum separating the pale color of disk from the dark sides.Abdominal tergites without processes, the spiracles on top of con-nexival fold, the apical tergite with hind margin rounded; hypo-pygium as in figure 93, the claspers farther from apex than in anyof the other species seen and the apical hook larger.Female.?Differs from male chiefly in character of abdomen,which is broader, especially apically and has the spiracles on outerside of connexival fold; widest part of abdomen about at the junc-ture of fourth and fifth tergites, sixth tergite somewhat narrowed94993?25 5
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.. 67
apically the end slightly convex; seventh tergite semi-circular;eighth a little longer, depressed medianly and emarginate apically.Length, 4.5-5.5 mm.Data for specimens examined : La Valli Province, Buenos Aires,Argentina, May 15, 1920, B. S. Donaldson (McAtee) ; Brazil, onorchids, H. B. Shaw (U.S.N.M.) ; Teneriffe, Canary Ids., A. Cab-rera; Laguna, Oct. 1, 1910 (Bueno).PLOIARIA APTERA, new species.Female.?Much paler than marginata, the dorsum of thorax butlittle darker than the venter.Head as in the preceding species, but the eyes comparativelylarger and the subapical antennal segment appreciably longer thanthe apical. Fore coxae, femora, and tibiae similar in lengths to thoseof marginata, the postero-ventral long and short spines in an almoststraight series, only two or three of the short spines between eachpair of the long spines and none opposite their bases; there is anisolated spine near base on antero-ventral surface, the antero-ventralseries of setulae on apical half of tibia is stronger than in marginata.Abdomen ovate, distorted in type, but evidently lacking well de-veloped median processes on hind margins of tergites.Length, 5.5 mm.Holotype.?Female, Galiuro Mountains, Ariz., May 24, H. G.Hubbard (U.S.N.M.).This and the preceding species lack wing pads, the present onehaving a very faint ridge on each posterior lateral angle of meso-notum and metanotum which may represent the wing pads. AVeknow of no American species of this genus except these two in whichthe adults have neither wings nor wing pads.Genus GARDENA Dohrn.Gardena Dohbn, A., Emesina, 1860, p. 214, monobasic, genotype G. melwar-thrum Dohrn [Ceylon.] ; Nachtrage 1873. p. 64.
?
Champion, G. C. Biologiavol. 2, p. 167, 1898.As amplified in the Nachtrage, Dohrn's characterization of Gardenamay be accepted in the sense of Champion for American species.However, there remains one notable discrepancy to be explained;Dohrn describes the prothorax as being subequal in length to themesothorax and metathorax together. Measured on the mediandorsal surface the prothorax in American species is twice or morethan twice as long as the other divisions of the thorax together.However, illustrations of Asiatic species show the same condition, sothe discrepancy probably is due to error or is to be explained bydifference in method of taking the measurements.
ART.l AMERICAN PI.OIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 67Characters common to all the American species besides thosementioned in the generic key are: head lacking spines, prothorax(measurements taken on dorsum) twice or more than twice as longas meso- and meta-thoraces taken together (even in wingless forms)
;
the anterior division of prothorax is trumpet-shaped with a lowtubercle each side in front and expands posteriorly in the wingedforms into a capacious, inverted, scoop-shaped, highly polishedportion which completely covers the mesothorax, hind margin usu-ally somewhat concave with a slight median swelling, but there arenotable departures from this character in some species; mesopleuraand mesosternum highly polished, either subnude or with a barestripe in front of coxa; hind margins of sternites 2-6 in both sexe?more or less emarginate medianly and arcuate laterally, most pro-nouncedly so on 6; sixth sternite in males visible from above, form-ing apparently an almost complete body ring; in most species it isoverlaid dorsally by a flap-like process of sixth tergite; the ninthsternite also is largely exposed dorsally, where it is divided by abroad V-shaped cleft open posteriorly (fig. 97, and others) ; thesurface of hypopygial segments is polished; all of the legs and theantennae exceed the body in length; antennae of males with abun-dant long hairs decreasing in length and erectness distally; espe-cially from middle of second segment; wing venation as in figure94; fore tibia and tarsus as in figure 95.Coloration in the genus is very uniform, the species being chieflycastaneous, darkest on front legs, prothorax, and genitalia; themid and hind trochanters and knees are stramineous, the pale baseof tibia being more or less interrupted by fuscous; the tegmina andwings in most cases are dusky hyaline, whitish at base.KEY TO THE SPECIES.Males.
1. Cylindrical part of prothorax silicate in center of dorsum posteriorly ; hindlobe usually transversely wrinkled anteriorly 2Prothorax without sulcus ; hind lobe usually not distinctly wrinkled 82. Hind margin of hypopygium more or less sinuate or emarginate in middle(figs. 96, 9S, 102, 104) ; sixth tergite with a longer slender process (figs.97, 108) 3Hind margin of hypopygium practically straight (fig. 105) ; 7th tergite witha shorter, and usually more rounded process (figs. 109, 112) 43. Supero-posterior angles of hypopygium strongly produced, projecting whenviewed from behind, much above hind margin ; median process of seventhtergite elongate, but falling considerably short of apex of hypopygium (fig.97) ; hind margin of pronotum concave, with a slight median swelling.americana Champion (p. 69).
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67Supero-posterior angles of hypopygium elevated but little above bind margin
;
median process of seventh tergite elongate, falling but little short of apexof hypopygium (fig. 108) ; hind margin of pronotum undulated, extendingfarthest posteriorly on each side of median line.crispina, new species (p. 70).4. Apex of hypopygial clasper circularly curved, the supero-anterior angle notproduced (fig. 106) ; fore femur not evidently banded.domitia, new species (p. 71).Apex of hypopygial clasper not circularly curved, the supero-anterior angleproduced (figs. 99, 100, 101) ; fore femur with one or more bands 55. Clasper fitting into a groove which extends forward on the outer side belowsupero-posterior angle of hypopygium (fig. Ill) ; posterior angle of claspera weak hook, process of anterior angle much stouter (fig. 99).eutropia, new species (p. 71).Clasper not fitting into such a groove, and of different shape G6. Both branches of clasper slender (fig. 100) ; supero-posterior angle of hy-popygium spine like; hind lobe of pronotum almost smooth.marcia, new species (p. 72).Both branches of clasper stout (fig. 101) ; supero-posterior angle of hypo-pygium obtuse, not spine like 77. Antennae copiously bairy ; hind lobe of pronotum strongly wrinkled in front,granulate behind pipara, new species (p. 72).Antennae not hairy, hind lobe only slightly wrinkled in front and almostsmooth behind pyrallis, new species (p. 73).8. Hind margin of hypopygium with a sharp tooth on each side of a roundedmedian emargination (fig. 104); seventh tergite with a moderate, pointedmedian process (fig. 114) poppaea, new species (p. 74).Hind margin of hypopygium slightly or not at all emarginate, and lackingteeth ; seventh tergite either convex or with a distinct process 99. Hind lobe of pronotum much more than half as long as the less than usuallyslender anterior portion, bearing three pale yellow vittae; forewings al-most uniform stramineous in color ; seventh tergite with a broadly trian-gular process; clasper circularly curved similar to figure 106.agrippina, new species (p. 73).Hind lobe of pronotum not half as long as the very slender anterior portion,without pale vittae ; hind margin nearly straight across, the declivity justanterior to hind margin slightly carinate medianly ; bases of forewingsmuch paler in color than remainder ; seventh tergite convex posteriorly butnot produced; clasper not circularly curved (fig. 103).faustina, new species (p. 73).Females.
1. Cylindrical part of prothorax sulcate in center of dorsum posteriorly ; hindlobe distinctly transversely wrinkled anteriorly ; seventh sternite moreor less produced apically (figs. 110, 113) 2Prothorax without sulcus; hind lobe not distinctly transversely wrinkled;seventh sternite convex but not produced apically.faustina, new species (p. 73).2. Seventh sternite with a short rather acute process at middle of posteriormargin (fig. 107) ; mid and hind femora each with a preapical as well asan apical pale band messalina, new species (p. 72).Seventh sternite with a longer process (figs. 110, 113) 3
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 69
3. Mid and hind femora each with a preapical and an apical pale yellow band;process of seventh sternite long and slender, reaching nearly to apex ofhypopygium pipara, new species (p. 72).Mid and hind femora lacking preapical pale band 44. Process of seventh sternite broad, the apex rounded and not reaching apex ofabdomen (fig. 113) caesonia, new species (p. 70).Process of seventh sternite narrower, extending to apex of abdomen, andthere somewhat upcurved (fig. 110) domitia, new species (p. 71).SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.Cylindrical part of prothorax sulfate in center of dorsum posteriorly.americana.caesonia.crispina.domitia.eutropia.marcia.* messalina.pipara.pyrallis.Cylindrical part of prothorax not sulcate. agrippina.faastina.poppaea.GARDENA AMERICANA Champion.Gardena americana Champion, G. C, Biologia, vol. 2, pp. 167-8, pi. 10,fig. 12, 1898 (part).We have not identified the female of this species but the males arerather paler in general color than most of the species, being yellow-ish-brown, castaneous on posterior expansion of prothorax, meso-and meta-thorax and genitalia; sternites 7 and 8 distinctly emargi-nate medianly and arcuate laterally ; ninth sternite, or hypopygium,with the apical margin triangularly excised medianly (fig. 96) be-tween the elevated supero-posterior angles, within which lie theterete, somewhat curved and capitate hairy claspers ; the part of ninthsternite visible from above is longer than sixth tergite without itsmedian process ; the latter is ligulate, rounded apically and its lengthcompared to the tergite is as 15 : 35 (fig. 97). Fore tibia and tarsus asin figure 95 ; fore wings as in figure 94.Length, 18-20 mm.Two specimens seen, one labeled only Cordoba in the Uhler Col-lection (U.S.N.M.), and the other collected by J. S. Hine at Maza*tenango, Guatemala, February 3, 1905 (Ohio State Univ. Coll.).It is only through the great kindness of W. E. China of the BritishMuseum that we are enabled to announce this determination of Gar-dena americana. With a copy of our key in hand Mr. China hasworked over the type series and informs us that the specimen figured
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67in the Biologia Central!-Americana (reference above) has been takenas the type and that it is the present species which we designated asNo. 2 in the key sent to him. Mr. China has kindly furnished a re-port upon the entire British Museum series which is well worth re-cording. SERIES OF GARDENA AMERICANA CHAMPION IN* THE BRITISH MUSEUM.Mexico.1, male, Atoyac, Vera Cruz equals species 2, that is, americana.2, female, Atoyac, Vera Cruz equals species 6, that is, caesonia.3-8, males, Teapa, Tabasco equals species 2, that is, americana.9, female, Dos Arroyos, Guerrero equals species 6, that is, caesonia.9a., female, Chilpancingo, Guerrero equals species 6, that is,caesonia.Panama.10-15, males and females, Bugaba equals species 4, that is,faustina.Guatemala.16, male, Teleman, Vera Paz; prothorax sulcated but hypopy-gium mutilated.17, male, Mirandilla equals species 2, that is, americana. Thisis the type specimen figured in Biologia, vol. 2, pi. 10, fig. 12.Colombia.18, male, Mazo equals species 2, that is, americana.19, male, locality illegible, equals species 2, that is, americana.It is worth noting that the above tabulation agrees in the associa-tion of sexes as concerns species 4 {faustina) ; and it strongly in-dicates that species 6 {caesonia) is the female of americana. Forthe present, however, we will allow these forms to stand under dif-ferent names. GARDENA CAESONIA, new species.Female.?Eighth tergite only a third a long as wide, bluntlyrounded apically; 9th longer than broad, almost parallel-sidedviewed from above, truncate apically; process of 7th sternite longtriangular, pointed (fig. 113).Length, 20 mm.Holotype.?Female, Guatemala (U.S.N.M.). Paratype, Frontera,Tabasco, Mexico, June, 1897, C. H. T. Townsend (Iowa).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26729, U.S.N.M.GARDENA CRISPINA, new species.Male.?Coloration as described for the genus; hind margins ofsternite 7 and 8 moderately emarginate medianly, of 7 slightly con-
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 71
cave, and of 8 a little convex laterally ; 9th sternite polished, its hindmargin with a shallow rounded emargination (fig. 98) ; that part of9th sternite visible from above shorter than 7th tergite without me-dian process, the latter ligulate, rather pointed and nearly as longas remainder of its tergite, proportion to whole tergite as 18 is to 37,(fig. 108).Length, 18 mm.Holotype.?Male Turrialba, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26730, U.S.N.M.GARDENA DOMITIA, new species.Male.?Hypopygium strigate, not so shining as usual, part visiblefrom above about as long as 7th tergite including process, the latterbroad, rounded apically, its length compared to the whole tergite as12 is to 27 (fig. 109) ; hind margin of hypopygium transverse (fig.lor>) : clasper as in figure 106.Female.?Connexivum elevated posteriorly, pale-edged; 6th ter-gite rounded apically; 8th semi-circular in shape; 9th broad, some-what inflated, depressed on each side apically; 7th sternite promi-nently inflated anteriorly, posterior process as described in key, themargins each side of it slightly sinuate, (fig. 110).Length, 20-22 mm.Holotype.?Male, allotype female, with genital segments well pre-served, and another pair with them damaged, Pachitea, P(eru.(Bueno).Paratypes.?Male, Lower Mamore River, Bolivia, Dec. 1913, 2females, La Juntas, Bolivia, Dec. 1913, Quatra Ojos, Nov. 1913, J.Steinbach (Carnegie Mus.)GARDENA EUTROPIA, new species.Male.?Color about the same as in pipara. Process of 7th tergiteof moderate length, in proportion to remainder of tergite as 2 is to3, its apex rounded. Hind margin of 6th sternite with a broad anddeep median emargination, and strong sinuations on each side; sev-enth and eighth sternites distinctly although shallowly concavemedianly and convex laterally. Ninth sternite long, opening up-ward, the posterior margin straight; viewed from above the flaringpart of cleft is short, bordered each side by a broad, sloping, trun-cate process, beneath which the claspers are withdrawn (fig. Ill) ;claspers as described in key (fig. 99).Length, 17 mm.Holotype.?Male, Santarem, Brazil. (Carnegie Mus.)
72 -PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67GARDENA MARCIA, new species.Male.?Color as in pipara; posterior lobe of pronotum almost lack-ing transverse wrinkles. Lobe of seventh tergite very short, in pro-portion to remainder of tergite as 2 is to 5, broadly rounded. Hindmargin of sixth sternite broadly and deeply emarginate medianly,arcuate laterally; seventh and eighth sternites shallowly concavemedianly and convex laterally, the former nearly straight across.Ninth sternite short, opening posteriorly and upwardly, its hindmargin nearly straight; cleft of upper surface opening graduallyfrom the base (fig. 112), supero-posterior angles, produced, elevatedand spinelike at apices, hollowed out beneath for reception of theclaspers, which are as described in key (fig. 100).Length, 14 mm.Holotype.?Male, Santarem, Brazil. (Carnegie Mus.)GARDENA MESSALINA, new species.Female.?Fore femora each with a faint subapical pale band ; midfemora and tibiae each with two pale bands. Seventh tergite veryslightly convex on hind margin, eighth moderately long, semi-ellip-tical; ninth very convex transversely, somewhat constricted nearmiddle of exposed portion, rounded apically. Sixth sternite with
'a deep emargination posteriorly involving the entire hind border;seventh sternite long, with a short, median triangular process pos-teriorly (fig. 107) sides of hind margin slightly concave; eighthsternite broadly exposed on sides, profoundly emarginate in middle.Length, 17 mm.Holotype.?Female, Victoria, Texas. (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26731, M.S.N.M.This is a wingless but mature specimen, which, because of differentleg markings is treated as a different species from G. poppaea, repre-sented by a wingless male, also from Victoria.GARDENA PIPARA, new species.Male.?Head and body chiefly castaneous, the appendages yellow-brown ; apex of first antennal segment, two bands on front femur, apexof mid and hind femur and subapical annulus, bases of mid and hindtibia and sub-basal annulus paler; wings dusky fumose. Seventhtergite rather short, its body exceeding the short rounded lobe onlyas 3 is to 2. Seventh and eighth sternites shallowly emarginate me-dianly, convex laterally ; ninth or hypopygium, long, opening upwardand backward, the hind margin nearly straight, the supero-posteriorangles moderately elevated, the expanded part of dorsal cleft short,claspers as described in key (fig. 101).
aet. 1 AMEEICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AJSTD MALLOCH 73Female.?Coloration as in male. Seventh tergite broadly rounded,and narrowly abruptly declivate apically; eighth tergite short,rounded apically, almost horizontal; ninth tergite long, slightlyinflated above, abruptly narrowed below; the apical half is trans-versely rounded, marked off by two oblique depressions, and the mid-dle of apical margin is slightly excised. Seventh sternite ratherprominently inflated subbasally, apical margin straight across exceptat middle, which is produced as a long, slender pointed process,reaching nearly to apex of body.Length, 18-20 mm.Holotype.?Male, Province del Sara, Bolivia, April 1913, J. Stein-bach.Allotype and paratype.?Two females, same locality, 350 meterselevation, December, 1912, J. Steinbach. Paratype, two females,Chapada, Brazil, June. (All these specimens in Carnegie Museum.)Paratype male, La Zanga, Paraguay, V. Benzon (Copenhagen Mu-seum), and another, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, September, 1917 (Pen-nington). GARDENA PYRALLIS, new species.Male.?Paler than G. pipara, the leg markings, etc., therefore notso distinct; hind lobe of pronotum much smoother as described inkey; genitalia very similar.Length, 16 mm.Holotype.?Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay (Paris Mus.).GARDENA AGGRIPINA, new species.Male.?Paler in ground color and with more pale markings thanis usual in the genus ; fore femur with three distinct pale bands, andfront legs with other pale areas; pronotum with a median broad,and two lateral narrow pale vittae on posterior lobe ; wings stramin-eous almost throughout; mid and hind legs pale, the femora andtibiae each with a distinct sub-basal and another faint darker an-nulus. Hind margins of sternites 7 and 8 concave medianly, convexlaterally, of 9 nearly straight, cleft of ninth sternite, as seen fromabove, about one-third the length of part dorsally exposed; processof seventh tergite, well-developed, rounded apically, length comparedwith that of remainder of tergite as 9 is to 17.Length, 16 mm.Holotype.?Provincio del Sara, Bolivia, 350 meters elevation, Dec.1912, J. Steinbach (Carnegie Mus.).GARDENA FAUSTINA, new species.Male.?Chiefly distinguished by the long and slender prothoraxand the prominently convex but scarcely produced hind margin94993?25??6
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67
of tergite 7 (fig. 115) ; sternites 7 and 8 are concave medianly, con-vex laterally; part of sternite 9 exposed dorsally about as long astergite 7, the V-shaped cleft short, the supero-posterior angles trun-cate, not elevated but somewhat flaring laterally, posterior marginshallowly emarginate medianly (fig. 102) ; clasper ending in a flat-tish hook the blade of which is long acuminate and directed upward(fig. 103).Female.?The hind margin of 7th tergite is slightly convex, trans-verse; the 8th tergite is semi-elliptical and the ninth longer thanwide, somewhat narrowed and bluntly rounded apically; the 7thstemite is moderately convex apically.Length, 20-22 mm.In this species the coxae and adjoining parts vary from yellow toblack in color and the hind part of thorax and tip of abdomen arequite dark, contrasting strongly with the yellow-brown abdomen,front part of body, and legs.Holotype.?Male, Porto Bello, Panama, Feb. 28, 1911, E. A.Schwarz; allotype female, Feb. 21, other data the same; paratypemales, Porto Bello, Panama, Feb. 15, 28, 1911, A. Busck; TrinidadRiver, Panama, May 7, 1911, A. Busck. A male and female fromBiologia series of " americana " are labelled, Bugaba, 800-1,500feet, Champion, and Caldera, Panama, Champion, respectively. AHpreceding specimens in United States National Museum. Foulfemales, Cacagualito, Colombia, May, and one from Chapada,Brazil, Sept. (Carnegie Mus.). One male, French Guiana, Nov.,1914, R. Benoist (Paris Mus.).Type, allotype and paratypes.??at. No. 26732, U.S.N.M.GARDENA POPPAEA, new species.Male.?Posterior margin of hypopygium with two teeth, thesuperoposterior angles considerably elevated (fig. 104), portion ofthis sternite visible from above as long as 7th tergite includingprocess, the latter barely lapping base of V-shaped cleft of hypo-pygium, its length compared to entire tergite as 3 is to 8 (fig. 114)
;
claspers retracted, their form unknown.Length, 20 mm.Holotype.?Mtxle, Victoria, Tex., Feb. 1905, J. D. Mitchell(U.S.N.M.).While this specimen is entirely wingless it is obviously mature.Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26733, U.S.N.M.Genus EMESAYA, new name.For Emesa of authors not of Laporte (1833, p. 84) who namedE. mantis Fabricius as type. Since this species belongs to the genus
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 75
subsequently called Westermannias the latter name therefore fallsinto synonymy, and the insects formely known as Emesa are leftwithout a distinctive name. See fuller data under the name Emesaas accepted in this paper (p. 38).Genotype.?Ploiaria brevipemnis Say. For full reference seeunder Ernesaya brevipennis Say (p. 78). This new name is intendedto combine a reminder of the long familiar term with a tribute tothe pioneer American naturalist Thomas Say.Characters of the genus besides those mentioned in the key togenera are : Mid and hind legs and antennae longer than body ; headwithout frontal spine, the transverse sulcus convex posteriorly, itsends in front of eyes, its middle course between them; prothorax inunwinged forms somewhat shorter than meso- and meta-thoracestogether, in winged forms decidedly longer, expanded posteriorlyand entirely covering dorsum of mesothorax, its hind margin moreor less concave medianly; wings extending only to about middle ofabdomen; sutures between tergites difficult to distinguish, thoseseen are straight; sixth tergite of male ending in a long apicallyrounded flap covering hypopygium ; sutures between sternites convexanteriorly, that between o and 6 most so; hypopygium of male long,somewhat compressed, hind margin with a median process; in fe-males the seventh tergite is approximately semi-circular in outline,the eighth is oblong, somewhat tapering apically, with the apex vari-ously modified, yielding the most valuable characters for the separa-tion of species; the connexivum is more elevated in females than inmales. Structure of fore tibia and tarsus and venation of wings asin figures 136, 137, and 138, respectively.Coloration in the genus is simple, the general tone varying fromstramineous to reddish (erythrization being especially characteristicof maturity) ; the whole head and body has a fine short sericeouspubescence, bare spots and lines in which account for most of theapparent markings, as a line over anterior half of pronotum andhead, forked in front of transverse constriction, a straight line undereach eye, cirrhose maculations on pronotum, and dotting over bothupper and lower surfaces of abdomen; the mesosternum and meso-pleura are entirely sericeous, not glossy as in Gardena. The frontlegs are more or less dark spotted and the spines dark-tipped; atleast the knees (femora-tibial joints) of mid and hind legs are pale,often there is another distinct pale band each side of this joint.When the antennae are not entirely pale the first segment is paleapically. The wings vary from stramineous to fuscous-hyaline,often paler at base.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM vol. 67KEY TO THE SPECIES.Males.1. Hind margin of hypopygiuin without median process, nearly straight across.manni, new species (p. 83).Hind margin of hypopygium with a median process, sometimes partly con-cealed by the claspers 22. Hind margin of hypopgyium nearly straight across, bearing on its innerside a process which extends upward and forward between (and usuallyconcealed by) apices of claspers (fig. 121) 3Hind margin of hypopygium produced, in the plane of its outer surface, intoa process which is not concealed between apices of claspers 43. Clasper broadly concave on upper margin, swollen at base and expanded oninner side toward apex into a triangular lobe (fig. 133), not hairy.pollex, new species (p. 82).Clasper convex on upper margin, neither swollen at base nor expanded lat-erally toward apex, hairy, the hairs on inner surface long and erect (fig.122) brevipennis (Say) (p. 78).4. Process tapering gradually from base, slender and pointed, a little recurvedapically ; clasper nearly terete, strongly curved and somewhat bulbous api-cally (figs. 130-131) apiculata, new species (p. SI).Process notched on the sides at base, broadly expanding apically, with aterminal notch ; clasper nearly straight, curved only near apex which is notbulbous (figs. 118,119, 120) incisa, new species (p. 78).Females.1. Eighth tergite with the lateral angles produced considerably beyond middleof hind margin (fig. 123) 2Eighth tergite with the lateral angles produced no farther than middle ofhind margin, or rounded (figs. 129, 131a) 52. Seventh tergite with a pair of divergent carinae bounding disk, within anddistinct from the ridges which divide the upper surface from the down-folded lateral portions of the tergite 11 (fig. 116) 3Seventh tergite without such carinae 43. Fore femur about 7.5 mm. long; fore coxa hardly twice as long as head.brevicoxa (Banks) (p. 77).Fore femur about 9 mm. long; fore coxa fully twice as long as head.banksi, new species (p. 77).4. Hind margin of eighth tergite between the processes decidedly concave, theemargination broadly U-shaped ; seventh and eighth tergites with a me-dian longitudinal bare and slightly elevated line (fig. 127) ; side of eighthtergite subangulate posteriorly lineata, new species (p. 81).Hind margin of eighth tergite between the processes nearly straight, theemargination nearly rectangular (fig. 123) ; seventh and eighth tergiteslacking such a line; side of eighth tergite not at all angulate posteriorly(fig. 124) brevipennis (Say) (p. 78).5. Hind margin of eighth tergite bisinuate, the lateral angles and median pointabout equally produced (fig. 129) modica, new species (p. 81).Hind margin of eighth tergite with the lateral angles rounded and the medianportion apiculate or much produced 6
11 In partially collapsed or distorted specimens, the seventh tergite is prone to foldalong the lines of the lateral and central carinae ; these accidental and usually unsym-metrical folds must not be mistaken for the true carinae which are clear-cut and sym-metrical.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 77
6. Median portion of hind margin of eighth tergite apiculate (fig. 131a).apiculata, new species (p. 81).Median portion of hind margin of eighth tergite produced in a rather long,keel-like process (figs. 134, 135) pollex, new species (p. 82).REMARKS ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES OTHER THAN THOSE INCLUDED IN THE) KEY ANDSYNONYMY.
aflinis [Emesa] Dohkn, Emesina 1860, pp. 222-3 [Columbia].No hypopygial characters mentioned; the color markings de-scribed in themselves have no significance; examination of typenecessary to identification. Champion (Biologia, vol. 2, 1898, p. 168)synonymizes this species with longipes De G*EER=brevipennis Say.longipes [Emesa] Fabricius, Systema Bhyngotorum, 1803, p. 263 [America].Stal refers this to Zelus. See p. 39.SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.(Females only.)Eighth tergite with the lateral angles produced farther than middle of hindmargin.Seventh tergite with a pair of divergent carinae. brevicoxa.banksi.Seventh tergite lacking such carinae. brevipennis.lineata.Eighth tergite with lateral angles not so much produced or even rounded, me-dian portion of this tergite more or less produced posteriorly. modica.apiculata.pollex.EMESAYA BREVICOXA (Banks).Emesa brevicoxa Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 48 [Los Angeles, Calif.].Described from a single female which remains the unique repre-sentative of the form. This specimen, now in the Museum of Com-parative Zoology has been studied in the course of the present revi-sion. The carinae of seventh tergite, not mentioned in originaldescription are very distinctive, grouping the species with the newform banksi described below. The coloration is scarcely differentfrom that of E. brevipennis; however it was noted that the mid andhind tibiae are entirely pale except for a sub-basal dusky band oneach. Approximate measurements are: Length of head and bodytogether 29 mm. ; of front coxa, 5 mm. ; of front femur 7.5 mm.EMESAYA BANKSI, new species.Agrees with E. brevieoxa Banks in carination of seventh tergite(fig. 116 ; lateral view of female hypopygium, fig. 117) but differs inmeasurements of front legs as indicated in key. The posteriorlateral angles of eighth tergite are less produced than in E. brevi-eoxa and much less than in average specimens of E. brevipennis
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM 70L. 67Si\y. General color pale reddish-brown, short gray pubescenceabundant; leg bands only faintly indicated.Length about 29 mm.Holotype.?Female, San Antonio, Texas, Sept. 18-27 (Museum ofComparative Zoology).Paratype.?Female, vicinity of La Paz, Lower California, 1903,L. Diguet (Paris Mus.).EMESAYA INCISA, new species.Somewhat smaller than E. brevipennis, and most of the specimensare paler than the average color in the genus, this being especiallytrue of the legs and antennae; the dark annuli therefore unusuallyprominent.Male.?Ground color stramineous, broad vittae on sides of headand posterior lobe of pronotum (sometimes whole of this expan-sion), dorsum of abdomen more or less, leg bands and dots fuscous.Genitalia as described in key (see figs. 118, 119, 120).Length, 24-27 mm.Males from Palm Springs, Calif., Feb. 25, H. G. Hubbard (holo-type) ; Monclova, Mex., Nov. 23, 1909, E. A. Schwarz (U.S.N.M.)
;
Higley, Ariz., July 10, 1917, E. G. Holt (Biol. Survey).Type and paratype.?-Male, Cat. No. 26734, U.S.N.M.This may be the male of one of the preceding two species.EMESAYA BREVIPENNIS (Say).Ploiaria brevipennis Say, Thomas. American Entomology, vol. 3, 1S28, pp.105-6, pi. 47 [Philadelphia] ; Complete Writings, vol. 1, 1859, pp. 105-6.Cimex longipes De Geeb, Charles. Memoires pour servir a l'Histoire desInsectes, vol. 3, 1773, pp. 352-4, pi. 35, figs. 16-17 [Pennsylvania]. This namethough older than Say's is preoccupied by Cimex longipes Linnaeus, SystemaNaturae, ed. 12, 1767, p. 724.Emesa filum? Griffith, Edward. The Animal Kingdom arranged in con-formity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier * * * with supple-mentary additions to each order by Edward Griffith, vol. 15, 1832, p. 244, pi. 97,fig. 3. [North America.] Index p. 786 states "Emesa filum f Filum, readbrevipennis of Mr. Say."Emesa pia Amyot, C. B. J. and Serville, A. Histoire naturelle des Insectes,1843, p. 394. [Philadelphia.]Emesa pia Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. Die wanzenartigen Insecten, IX,1853, p. 114, fig. 937. [North America.]Dmesa choctaivana Kirkaldy, G. W. Hemiptera, Old and New, No. 2, Can.Ent, vol. 41, No. 11, Nov. 1909, p. 388. New name for brevipennis Dohru notof Say. However, Dohrn's brevipennis probably is Say's species and no newname was required. The generic name an obvious typographical error.KBT TO THE SUBSPECIES.
1. Processes of 8th tergite shorter and more rounded as seen from above ; diskof tergite stramineous, with more copious and longer pubescence, giving ita sericeous appearance occidentalis.
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 79Processes of 8th tergite longer, more slender and pointed ; disk of tergitedarker, pubescence shorter and sparser 22. Pale annuli on mid and hind legs tending to obsolescence, especially in males,often the knees only pale australis.Full complement of pale leg markings usually evident in both sexes.brevipennis.EMESAYA BREVIPENNIS BREVIPENNIS (Say).In general color this subspecies varies from rubiginous to fuscouswith the pale leg markings distinct; nymphs and teneral specimensare paler, mature specimens redder or darker. Genitalia as describedin key (figs. 121 to 124). Fore tibia and tarsus as in figure 136;wings as in figures 137, 138.Length, 28-36 millimeters.Many specimens have been examined from a range with the fol-lowing States as its extremes : Massachusetts, Missouri, Florida, andTexas. The species has been recorded also from Iowa.The eggs (fig. 125) of this species are about 2 millimeters inlength, long-elliptical in outline, the opercle with a large central,truncately conical tubercle, the periphery of which is more or lesseroded at the base; the main body of the egg is black in ground color,somewhat compressed and with longitudinal rows of membranous,saw-tooth-shaped exfoliations, the bases of which are almost con-tinuous; these lines of projections are arranged more or less in con-centric ellipses (if we may use the expression) on the flat sides of theegg. Specimens examined were laid by a female captured on Plum-mer Island, Md., October 6, 1912. This individual laid about 20eggs before October 11. M. Faunce. Another female collected atthe same locality by E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber, November 16,1912, also laid eggs in confinement.Nymphs about 6 millimeters long collected at Plummer Island,April 20, by H. S. Barber are pale ivory color with fuscous markingsas follows : A slender vitta from base of antenna along side of head,interrupted at eye ; two more or less interrupted vittae along sides ofall divisions of thorax; a slender line along outside of each frontcoxa and trochanter; front femur with a short vitta and 2 partialbands; mid and hind femora and tibiae each with 2 bands near theknee; apex of abdomen below with 2 series of markings, each con-sisting of a dot and 2 dashes; spiracles black. The posterior lol>e ofhead is much more swollen than in adult.EMESAYA BREVIPENNIS AUSTRALIS, new subspecies.From the Gulf States southward to Panama occurs what seems tobe a geographical race characterized by a strong tendency, which isalmost universal among the males, to lack all pale leg markingsexcept at knees. We have not been able to correlate this character
80 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67with any structural differences, whether of genitalia or otherwise,although it is noticeable that in this form the processes of the eighthtergite often are shorter than in northern specimens.The obvious question as to whether any of the several synonyms ofEmesa brevipennis apply to this subspecies apparently must beanswered in the negative. Two of these names, longipes De Geer andpia Amyot and Serville, were founded on specimens coming fromthe same State as Say's material, namely from Pennsylvania, whereonly one form is known to occur. E. pia Herrich-Schaffer has thecharacters of the old, not the new, subspecies, and choctaioana Kirk-aldy applies to a form agreeing in description with, and which prob-ably is, true E. brevipennis Say. Dohrn's key 12 attributes the prin-cipal character of our new subspecies to E. longipes De Geer, but hisfuller description (pp. 221-2), based on De Geer's type, contradictsthe statement in the key ; De Geer's description does not mention thecharacter at all, and his name is unavailable, as we have noted in thesynonym}^.Specimens of the new subspecies examined are
:
Holotype.?Male, Taboga Island, Panama, Feb. 27, 1912. A.Busck; allotype, same locality and collector, June 14, 1911 (U.S.N.M.).Paratypes with the following data : Taboga Island, Panama, June14, 1911, Feb. 22, 27, 1912, A. Busck; Ancon, Ganal Zone, Panama,A. H. Jennings ; Limon, Canal Zone, Panama, Aug. 24, 1918, H. Mor-rison; Gamboa, Canal Zone, Panama, July 17, 1918, H. Dietz and J.Zetek; Panama, June 25, Wirt Robinson; Paraiso, C. Z., Panama,Jan. 28, 1911, E. A. Schwarz ; Cacao Trece Aguas, Guatemala, April8, E. A. Schwarz; Altenas, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf ; Ana-huac, Tex., Nov. 8, 1918, H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) ; Orange, Tex.,July, 1914, Wm. T. Davis (Davis) ; Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga,,July, 1912; Bainbridge, Ga., July 15, 1912 (Cornell Univ.) ; Gaines-ville, Fla., July 20, 1918, C. J. Drake (Drake).Type, allotype, and paratypes.?Male, Cat. No. 26735, U.S.N.M.EMESAYA BREVIPENNIS OCCIDENTALIS, new subspecies.A pair of specimens from the Uhler Collection (U. S. Nat. Mus.)marked L. Cal. are selected as holotype (female) and allotype(male) of this subspecies. The general color is rufo-stramineouswith all markings whether darker or paler much less noticeablethan in E. b. brevipennis. Length 31-34 mm.A paratype female from Palo Alto, Calif., July 25, 1892, W. G.Johnson (Cornell Univ.) agrees in hypopygial characters (fig. 126)but is much shorter (26 mm.) and somewhat darker in coloration.
?-' Emesina, 18G0, p. 217.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 81A female of the brevipennis complex from La Belle, Fla., April28, 1912 (Amer. Mus.) has the 8th tergite merely concave posteriorly,the lateral angles not forming teat-like processes, but since a malecollected at same place and time is not separable from E. brevipennisthe unusual character of the female is attributed to individualvariation. EMESAYA LINEATA, new species.Female.?Knees of posterior two pairs of legs pale, the middlelegs with, the hind legs without, a faint subbasal pale annulus onfemur; legs in general pale, head and body dark reddish-brown.Apex of abdomen as in figure 127.Length, 31 mm.Holotype?Female, Crescent City, Fla. Broken specimen(U.S.N.M.)T!/Pe.?Female, Cat. No. 26736, U.S.N.M.EMESAYA MODICA, new species.A dark species varying from reddish-brown to fuscous, the usualpale markings present, however; bare spots about setae on ventralsurface of abdomen much less conspicuous than in E. brevipennis;hypopygium as described in key (figs. 128, 129).Length, 33 mm.Holotype.?Female, Cordoba, Mex., F. Knab. (U.S.N.M.)Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26737, U.S.N.M.Another female specimen probably of this species, but having thegenitalia badly mashed is from Cachi, Costa Rica. April 27, 1910,C. H. Lankester (Acad. Sci. Phila.).Length, 34 mm. EMESAYA APICULATA, new species.Male.?General color deep castaneous, coxal margins, beak exceptapex, antennal tubercles, wedge-shaped markings behind and insideeyes, margins of posterior lobe of pronotum and connexivum ivory-colored. First joint of antenna pale at apex and near" base. Legsin general much paler than body; front ones with the lower sur-faces and a broad subterminal and narrower subbasal annulus ontibia, and two narrow annuli near apex of femur ivory color; midand hind legs with apices of femora and bases of tibiae ivory,sharply contrasting with general color, the other annuli but faintlyindicated. Wings dusky hyaline, scarcely paler at bases.Hypopygium (fig. 130) of moderate length, opening upward,hind margin and claspers as described in key (fig. 131) hind marginof sixth sternite slightly concave medianly, more so laterally; seventh
82 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67
nearly straight across; process of sixth tergite long, but not quitereaching apex of hypopygium, almost parallel-sided for most of itslength, a little constricted beyond middle, transversely wrinkledbasally, rather abruptly narrowed, bluntly-pointed and punctateapically.Length, 30-32 mm.Specimens: Males, Province del Sara, Bolivia, December, 1913.J. Steinbach (Carnegie Museum, Ace. No. 5068) ; Buena Vista,Bolivia, J. Steinbach (Carnegie Mus. Ace. 5573) ; Rio Autuz, Ama-zon, September, Roman (Stockholm Mus.). The last specimen dif-fers in having hind margin of sixth sternite convex instead ofslightly concave medianly. A female nymph, E. Bolivia, J. Stein-bach (Carnegie Mus., Ace. No. 5572) probably is this species; asusual with nymphs of the genus it is more profusely and boldlymarked than the adults.IloJotype.?The first specimen listed.An adult female, for geographical reasons regarded as belongingto this species, bears the following data : French Guiana, R. Oberthur,1899 (Paris Mus.). It differs in coloration from the male only inbeing a little duller, the markings especially of the front legs beingless contrasted. The seventh tergite is very broad apically, the wholemargin of the disk a little swollen; eighth tergite strongly carinatealong the nearly parallel sides of disk, the carinae thickest at base,each with deep impression basally, apex of tergite rounded subangu-late medianly (figs. 131a, 132).Emesaya precatoria (Emesa precatovius Fabricius, J. C. 13 [MiddleAmerica] ) , seems to be much like E. apiculata. We have been sup-plied, through the kindness of Dr. William Lundbeck, with sketchesand notes relating to the type specimen, which differs chiefly fromthe species here described in the emargination of the male clasper(fig. 1315) and shape of the apical hypopygial process (fig. 131c).EMESAYA POLLEX, new species.Male.?Chiefly castaneous, the legs and antennae paler; the tylus,middle of head just behind it, areas inside eyes and posterior lobe ofthorax tending to be paler. Darkening of the disk of latter in somespecimens gives the effect of pale marginal stripes. The connexivumis touched with luteous. Front tibia and femur with pale areas butscarcely banded; mid and hind femora with evident terminal andfaint subterminal, tibiae with basal and subbasal, pale annuli. Tipof first antennal segment pale. Wings hyaline, a little denser atbase.
13 Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, pp. 263-264.
.art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 83Hypopygium long, opening upward (fig. 132?) ; spine and claspersas described in key (fig. 133). Sixth sternite with a shallow roundedemargination medianly, the sides first convex, then concave, pos-teriorly; 7th sternite with hind margin of approximately the sameshape, but lacking median emargination. Process of 6th tergitenarrowing very gradually, rounded apically, not quite reachingapices of claspers.Length, 23-26 mm.Holotype.?Male, Corumba, Brazil, May (Carnegie Museum, Ace.No. 2966). Paratypes male, two, same locality as type, highlandsin March; and another, Province del Sara, Bolivia, February, 1913,Steinbach (Carnegie Museum) ; male, Brazil, G. Fallon (Paris Mus.).A female certainly of this species from Santarem, Brazil (Ace.No. 2966, Carnegie Mus.) is selected as allotype. Coloration agreesvery closely with that of the male. The seventh tergite is somewhatnarrowly rounded apically, and the eighth is rather compressed,deep-sided and pointed apically, otherwise as described in key andfigured (figs. 134, 135). Another female, labeled merely AmazonRiver (Stockholm Mus.), and one Goyaz, Jatahy, Brazil, Breddin(Berlin Mus.). EMES~AYA MANNI, new species.General color castaneous, posterior lobe of pronotum, wings, andlegs paler brown, the fore femur with a subapical and the fore tibiawith two pale bands. Male hypopygium as noted in key, the claspersoblong, not touching each other apically, the extremity pointed within,apical tergite moderately pointed and slightly surpassing hypopy-gium. Length, 32 mm.Holotype.?Male, Huachi Beni, Bolivia, September, 1921, Wm. M.Mann (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26738, U.S.N.M.Genus METAPTERUS Costa.Metapterus, Costa, Achille. Additamenta ad Centurias Cimicum Regnineapolitani. Atti del real Istit. d ' Incorag. Sci. nat. Napoli. 1860, p. 10.This is the only bibliographical reference in the paper not personally veri-fied. We have been unable to find this publication in the largest scientificlibraries in the United States. The genotype is Metapterus linearis Costa,whether by original designation or otherwise, we are unable to say.Barce, Stax, C. Hemiptera Africana descripsit, vol. 3, 1805, pp. 102-163.[A genus without species here.] Analecta hemipterologica, Berliner Entomolo-gische Zeitschrift, vol. 10. 1800, p. 108. [Monobasic, B. annulipes, new species,genotype.]Carambis Stal, C. Hem. Afr. 3, 1SG5, p. 103. [A genus without species here.]Anal, hemip. Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 10, 1800, p. 108. [Monobasic, genotype,Emesa caspica Dohrn.] This synonymy clears up Stal's reference to specimensof Carambis from America. (Emim. Hemip. 2, 1872, p. 127.)
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Ilantisoma, Iakovlev, V. E. Materials for the entomological fauna of Euro-pean Russia, Proc. Russian Ent. Soc, St. Petersburg, vol. 7, 1874, pp. 34-35,pi. 1, fig. 2. [Monobasic, genotype M. apiera, new species.] The citationof this genus from Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., sometimes seen, is, of course, in-correct.In the form of the forelegs this genus resembles Emesaya, Gar-denia, and Ghilianella, but is readily distinguished from them by thecharacters indicated in the generic key (figs. 139, 141.) . In the caudalelongation of the apical abdominal tergite of the male, which coversthe dorsal surface of the hypopygium to or beyond the apex, thegenus resembles some of the species in Ghilianella, but the cephalicand some other characters readily separate it from that genus. Thevenation of the forewings (fig. 142) is evidence of relationship toEmesaya and Gardena, but the fore tarsal structure and the formof the hypopygia are quite different and indicate that Metapterusis no more closely related to these genera than to Ghilianella. Theapical antennal segment is at least four times as long as the sub-apical.Our identification of Barce with Metapterus is based on compari-son of the two type species, the specimens of Metapterus linearis inour hands being some identified by Dr. A. "L. Montandon. The malehypopygium of this species has a longer central spine than in themost closely related American species (uhleri, neglectus) and thiscauses the last tergite to appear more decidedly arcuate. The hy-popygial claspers are rectangularly bent at about midway to apices rthe apical half projecting upward like the central thorn, whereasin the North American species the claspers are slightly or almostimperceptibly curved. The female of M. linearis resembles that ofuhleri most closely, the apical tergite being without notch, and thesixth sternite without a broad central emargination ; the apical tergiteis broadly deflexed on apical half.
... KEY TO THE SPECIES.Males.
1. Basal spine of postero-ventral series on fore femur less than its own lengthfrom base of femur; apical outline of hypopygium from side irregular (fig.147) aberrans, new species (p. 86).Basal spine of postero-ventral series on fore femur more than its own lengthfrom base of femur ; apical outline of hypopygium from side usuallyregularly rounded 22. Head with a pale yellowish stripe along venter which is of about equal widthon its entire length, filling the interocular space, and without a dark spoton each side behind eye ; upper margin of hypopygium with a squarishbackwardly curved process which is more or less emarginate at tip (fig.15S), no erect spine within the upper border of hypopygium 3
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 85Head with a pale yellowish stripe along venter which is narrower than inter-ocular space or has a distinct dark spot on each side behind eye ; uppermargin of hypopygium not produced backward at apex, with a longspine within upper border (figs. 151, 152) 53. Fore coxa about twice as long as fore tibia 4Fore coxa less than 1.5 as long as fore tibia banksii (Baker) (p. 87).4. Mid and hind femora each with more than one brown band; seventh tergiteobtusely rounded, projecting little if any beyond hypopygium (fig. 157).annulipes (Stal) (p. 88).Mid and hind femora each with only one brown band ; seventh tergite moreacutely rounded and projecting more or less beyond hypopygium.fraternus (Say) (p. 89).5. Apical spine of hypopygium conspicuously backwardly curved at tip (fig.150) ; general color fuscous ; surface rugulae of abdomen both above andbelow forming a distinct reticulation uhleri (Banks) (p. 86).Apical hypopygial spine straight or almost so, only slightly curved at tip (fig.153) ; general color stramineous; surface rugulae of abdomen chiefly longi-tudinal, not forming a reticulation neglectus, new species (p. 87).Females.1. Basal postero-ventral spine on fore femur less than its own length from baseof femur; apical tergite entire aberrans, new species (p. 86).Basal postero-ventral spine on fore femur more than its own length frombase of femur 22. Head with a pale yellowish stripe on venter which is not decidedly nar-rower than interocular space nor with a dark spot on each side behindeye 3Head with a pale yellow stripe on venter which is narrower than interocularspace or has a dark spot on each side behind eye 53. Fore coxa only about one third longer than fore tibia __banksii (Baker) (p. 87).Fore coxa nearly or quite twice as long as fore tibia 44. Mid and hind femora each with more than one brown band ; spines on pos-tero-ventral surface of fore femur less elongate, the process between basesof antenna less pronounced, wing pads in apterous forms less developedthan in fraternus; notch in apex of apical tergite of an open type, its sidesvarying from concave to nearly straight annulipes (Stal) (p. 88).Mid and hind femora each with one brown band ; spines on postero-ventralsurface of fore femur more elongate, the process between bases of an-tennae more pronounced, the wing pads in apterous forms better developedthan in annulipes ; notch in apical tergite of a narrower type, its sidesmore or less convex, the apex of the notch more acute (fig. 162).fraternus (Say) (p. 89).5. Seventh tergite entire or barely emarginate at apex (fig. 148) general colorof species fuscous uhleri (Banks) (p. 86).Seventh tergite with a short and acute apical incision (fig. 154) ; generalcolor stramineous neglectus, new species (p. 87).SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE- SPECIES.Male hypopygium with an erect spine inside of hind margin.Fore coxa but little longer than fore tibia; first spine of fore femur at lessthan its length from base of femur. aberrans.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Fore coxa 1.5 or more longer than fore tibia ; first spine of fore femur atmore than its own length from base. uhleri.neglectus.Male hypopygium with a squarish process on hind margin ; first spine of forefemur at more than its length from base.Fore coxa less than 1.5 times as long as fore tibia. banksii.Fore coxa nearly twice as long as fore tibia. annulipes.fraternus.METAPTERUS ABERRANS, new species.A small, dark, robust species, wth characters of male hypopygiumand female genital segments similar to those of uhleri. The headlacks the process between the bases of antennae and the labrum isbut little protruded, in one specimen almost imperceptibly so. Thepronotum has a very deep constriction near posterior margin andits hind margin has a short backwardly projecting process in middle.Wing pads small. Apical tergite in female as in uhleri but shorter
;
male hypopygium as seen from the side as in figure 147, the upperposterior margin with an erect spine.Length, 7-8 mm.Holotype.?Male, allotype, and one male paratype, Austin, Tex.,January 3, 1901 (Bueno).METAPTERUS UHLERI (Banks).Barce uhleri Banks, N. Emesidae, 1909, p. 47 [Southern Pines, N. C.].This species, aberrans and neglectus, agree with linearis, thegenotype, in having an erect spine inside the hind border of malehypopygium, but like all the other American species known to usdiffers from linearis in that the male claspers are not abruptlybent apically and directed upward on each of the apical spine.M. aberrans, uhleri, and neglectus have another character also incommon with linearis, namely that the pale streak on lower surfaceof head is narrower than interocular width or is interrupted by adark spot behind each eye. The external genital characters of bothsexes of M. uhleri are illustrated by figures 148 to 151, the foreleg by figure 14G.Length, 7-9 mm.Data for specimens examined : Forest Hills, Mass., March 30. 1915,F. X. Williams; Truro, Mass., Sept. 4, 1904; North Attleboro,Mass., Oct. 3, 1920, C. A. Frost (Parshley) ; Hyannisport, Mass.,Aug. 18, 1899, J. L. Zabriskie (Am. Mus.) ; New York (CornellUniv.); Central Park, Long Island, N. Y., April 11, 1915, G. P.Englehardt (Bueno) ; Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y., N. Banks(Paratype, McAtee) ; Ithaca,, N. Y., July 21, 1921, Aug. 22, 1892(Cornell Univ.) ; White Plains, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1908 (Bueno) ; CapeMay County, N. J., April 10, 11, 1911, Wm. T. Davis (Davis) ; Lake-hurst, N. J., May 2, 1908, H. G. Barber; Vienna, Va., Aug., 1919,
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIABIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 87H. G. Barber (Barber) ; Southern Pines, N. C, December, N.Banks (Paratypes, U.S.N.M.) ; also same locality, Feb., March,June, Sept., Dec, A. H. Manee (Davis Coll. Cornell Univ., Bueno,Drake, Barber, Parshley) ; South Dakota (Parshley) ; Oxbow,Saskatchewan, April 14, 21, 22, 1907, F. Knab (U.S.N.M.).Rarely a female specimen of this species has a distinct notch inposterior margin of apical tergite. The color varies somewhat andthe varietal name brunnea Banks 14 was applied to specimens withpale spots on the connexivum and pale irrorations on the venter;the color of the dorsum suggests bronzed leather. Type examinedat the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The proportion of wingedspecimens in the whole material is small.METAPTERUS NEGLECTUS, new species.A larger and much paler species than uhleri, the general colorbeing yellowish brown. Male hypopygium similar to that of uMeri,differing in having the apical spine without a conspicuously recurvedtip (fig. 152, 153). Female differing as stated in the key, the apicaltergite as in figure 154.Length, 11-12 mm.Holotype.?Male, Lakehurst, N. J., May 13, 1917, under a pileof old bricks, W. T. Davis (Davis). Allotype, Winchester, Mass.,L. L. Thaxter (U.S.N.M.). Paratypes: male, Lakehurst, N. J.,March 30, 1907, H. G. Barber (Barber) ; White Plains, N. Y., onemale, August 31, 1909; one male, March, 1919, under a stone; onemale, April 4, 1909; one male, April 9, 1911; one female, April 30,1911; Staten Island, N. Y., March 29, 1903 (Bueno).Allotype.?Female, Cat. No. 26739, U.S.N.M.METAPTERUS BANKSII (Baker).Barce banksii Baker, C. F. California Emesidae, Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent.2, No. 2, May, 1910, p. 227 [Claremont, Calif.].Similar in color to fratemus, differing as stated in ke}7 . The foretibia of male is about three-sevenths as long as fore femur while inthe preceding two species it is but little over one-third as long. Themale hypopygium is very much less keeled on apical half than infratcrnus and has the small process at apex above larger, while fromthe rear view it is much less tapered below (fig. 155) . Both sexes havethe process between bases of antennae moderately well developed.Length, 9-12 mm.Data for specimens examined:Palm Springs, Calif., February 17; California, no other data,Uhler Coll. (U.S.N.M.); San Mateo County, Calif. (CornellUniv.) ; Pasadena, Calif., June 17, 1908 (Ball).
14 Emesidae, 1909, p. 47.
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67METAPTERUS ANNULIPES (Stal).Harce annuUpes Stal, C. Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 10, 1866, p. 168 [Wis-consin].Emesodcma si?iplicipcs Say Ms., Uhler, P. R. Notices of the HemipteraHeteroptera in the collection of the late T. W. Harris, M. D. Proc. BostonSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 19, pp. 430-431, Nov. 1878 [Salem, Mass.]. The synonymyof this name with annuUpes is by no means certain, and would not be adoptedon the basis of the original description. The type specimen, however, is re-ported to agree with annuUpes. Without this testimony we should be inclinedto use the same simplicipes for the following species and to drop Say's nameas unidentifiable.A brownish fuscous species, varying considerably in intensity ofcolor, the darker specimens having the annulations of the legsmost distinct. The broad yellowish stripe on ventral surface ofhead is uniform in width throughout and not narrower than interocu-lar space, a character annuUpes has in common with banksii andfraternvs.The principal structural characters for distinguishing annuUpesamong this group of species are enumerated in the key and illus-trated in figures 156, 157, 158, 159; the comparatively small sizeof the process between bases of antennae appears to be a reliablecharacter, judging from our material, which is quite extensive. Thefore tibia and tarsus are illustrated by figure 145.Length, 10-11 mm.Data for specimens examined : Monmouth, Me., Oct. 10, 1920,C. A. Frost; Jackson, N. H., Sept. 22, 1907, Bryant (Parshley) ; Con-toocook, N. H., Aug. 23, 1923, E. W. Hall (Iowa State Coll.) ;Andover, Mass., Nov. 9, 1915, F. X. Williams; Sherborn, Mass.,Oct. 17, 1920, C. A. Frost; North Attleboro, Mass., Oct. 3, 1920,C. A. Frost; Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., N. Y., July 30, Aug. 2, 1922,H. M. Parshley (Parshley) ; Cypress Hills, L. I., N. Y., May 18,1909, Chas. J. Martin (Am. Mus.) ; Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug.15, 1921 (Barber) ; White Plains, N. Y., March 2, 1919, Aug. 31,1908, Oct. 19, 1919, Nov. 21, 1914 (Bueno) ; N. Y., Scudder(U.S.N.M.) ; Paterson, N. J., July 25 (Am. Mus.) ; Koselle, N. J., Oct.5, 1913, H. G. Barber (Barber.) ; Penn Station, Pa., June 6 (CornellUniv.) ; Aug. 2, 1902. M. Wirtner (Bueno), Aug. 6, 1905, M. Wirt-ner (Cornell Univ., U.S.N.M.) ; Henson Creek, Prince GeorgesCounty, Md. (Cornell Univ.) ; Plummer Island, Md., July 5, 1911,July 17, 1914, July 20, 1911, Sept. 2, 10, 1916, E. A. Schwarz andH. S. Barber, July 22, 1915, Aug. 29, 1905, and 1912, H. S. Barber(U.S.N.M.) ; Glen Echo, Md., July 23, 1921, J. R, Malloch (Biol.Surv.) ; Great Falls, Va., Sept. 5, 1916, W. L. McAtee; Virginia nearPlummer Island, Md., March 18, 1917, W. L. McAtee (McAtee),July 21, 1912, R. A. Cushman, Sept. 21, 1912, H. S. Barber, Fair-fax County. Va., Aug. 16, 1911, H. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) ; Glen-
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 89
carlyn, Va., Oct. 10 (Cornell Univ.) ; Vienna, Va., Aug. 9, 1916,H. G. Barber (Barber) ; Ridgeway, Ont., Aug. 6, 1887 (Iowa StateColl.) ; Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 14, 17, 1906 (Ball) ; Wis. (U.S.N.M.)
;
Winnipeg, Manitoba (Ball) ; Ames, Iowa, Sept. 13, 1907 (IowaState Coll.), Aug. 13, 1895 (Ball).METAPTERUS FRATERNUS (Say).Ploiaria fraterna Say, Thomas, Descriptions of new species of Heteropter-ous Hemiptera of North America, 1831 ; Complete Writings, vol. 1, 1859, pp.358-359 [New Orleans].A fairly common species, closely related to the preceding, averag-ing larger, and with more southern and western distribution. All ourspecimens from Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, and one from Mis-souri are winged, the others including one from Missouri are fur-nished with minute wing pads only. In the winged forms the forewings are brownish with upper surface irregularly granulose, theslight elevations or granules darker than the remainder of wing.Distinguishable from annulipes as stated in the key, and illustratedin figures 160 to 162.Length, 12-13 mm.Data for specimens examined: Cold Spring Harbor, L. L, N. Y.,July 1902, H. G. Barber (Barber) ; White Plains, N. Y., August 31,1909, September 4, 1911, September 13, 1919, October 10, 1909, Octo-ber 23, 1921, November 7, 1909; Palisades, N. J., August 20 (Bueno)
;
Woodbury, N. J., January 1, 1905 (Drake) ; Bay Ridge, Md., August3, 1905. (Cornell Univ.) ; Plum Point, Md., August 10, 1913, W. L.McAtee (McAtee) ; Chesapeake Beach, Md., August 3, 1913, A. Wet-more (Biol. Survey), September 4, N. Banks, September 2, 1908(Cornell LTniv.) ; Cabin John Bridge, Md., August, 1907, W. Palmer;Plummer Island, Md., October 4, 1912, October 26, 1913, laid eggs(See figs. 163, 164), H. S. Barber; Jackson Island, Md., July 3, 1911;Offutt Island, Md., October 3, 1919, II. S. Barber (U.S.N.M.) ; GlenEcho, Md., October 15, 1892, O. Heidemann (Iowa State Coll.)
;
Washington, D. C, October 7, 1885, November 5, 1881 (U.S.N.M.),July 10, Feb. 5, 1893, F. C. Pratt (Cornell Univ.) ; Great Falls, Va.,September 5, 1916, October 4, 1916. W. L. McAtee (McAtee, Drake,Biol. Survey) ; Falls Church, Va., August 30, 1904. October 1, Sep-tember 5, November 2, N. Banks (Cornell LTniv.) ; Southern Pines,N. C, December (Parshley) ; Daytona, Fla., (Cornell Univ.) ; Ohio(Drake) ; Natchez, Miss., May 13, 22, 25, 1909, E. S. Tucker; BatonRouge, La., June 1, 1893, H. S. Weed (U.S.N.M.) ; Falls City, Nebr.,July 31, H. G. Barber (Barber) ; Lincoln, Nebr., July, at light (IowaState Coll.); Wichita, Kansas; Missouri; Charleston, Md., October28, 1915; Durant, Okla., June 2, 1905, F. C. Bishopp; Texas; Dallas,Tex., May 10, 1908, E. S. Tucker, November 27, 1906, R. A. Cush-man; Columbus, Tex., June 16 (U.S.N.M.).
90 PKOCEEDINQS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. C7It is only by assumption that this species has been identified withthat described by Say. The original description is very inadequate,and the few tangible characters mentioned in it do not apply wellto the present species. It would be no injustice to drop Say's name,as unidentifiable. Genus GHILIANELLA Spinola.Ghilianella Spinola, M. Di alcuni Generi d'Insetti Artroidignati nuovamenteproposti dal Socio Attuale Signor Marcbese Massimiliano Spinola nella suaTavola Sinottica di questo Ordine. Meinorie di Matematica e di Fisica del laSocieta Italiana delle Scienze residente in Modena, vol. 25, pt. 1, 1852, pp.142-143. Monobasic: Genotype, G. fiUventris, new species [Para].The inclusion and brief definition of Ghilianella in the TavolaSinottica (p. 85) of the same work, is responsible for citation ofthat reference as the original description of the genus. However,we prefer the reference here given where the genus and its genotypeare described at length.Characters of the genus besides those mentioned in the key togenera are: the presence between bases of antennae of a projectionvarying from a mere wart to a prominent porrect or decurved spine(fig. 165) ; head and thorax more or less granulate, the former witha profound constriction anterior of eyes; meso- and meta-thoraxeach tricarinate (or with a median carina and lateral rows of tu-bercles above) and usually unicarinate below; abdomen more orless carinate or keeled below ; front tibia with a patch of short palegolden hairs on inner side apically and a tuft of longer ones at theapex inferiorly; mid and hind legs and antennae each longer thanbody. Color varies much according to age, usually the nymphs arepale and the color darkens steadily with age until the final stage isdark reddish brown or even blackish; in some species, however, theadults are pale; when the legs have pale markings they are almostinvariably as follows: mid and hind femora with two postmedianbands and a subapical spot, and tibiae with a sub-basal spot; in thepale species, dark markings tend to appear at these same places;frontal and femoral spines mostly pale. The whole head and bodyof Ghilianella species are sparsely pale haired, the hair tendingto aggregate in patches about base of frontal spine, juncture ofhead and pronotum, and on sides anteriorly of meso- and meta-thoraces.The principal characters for separating the species are derivedfrom the terminal segments of the abdomen and are rarely men-tioned in previous descriptions. We have had little success thereforein identifying described species of which we have not seen specimens.Precise determination of these species depends upon examinationof the types practically all of which are in Europe. We have fortu-
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 91
nately been able through the kindness of Dr. E. Bergroth to examinethe types of his species, aid which has been of the utmost value inthe study of the present genus.However, inability to inspect other type specimens can not be per-mitted to prevent a revision of the genus which proves to be richer inspecies than has previously been suspected. This latter fact in itselfinsures that few of our species will prove identical with the olderones, while the total to be discovered in neotropical regions can onlybe indicated by an estimate so large that it would be considered ab-surd by many entomologists.KEY TO THE SPECIES.Males.
1. Mesothorax distinctly longer than prothorax ; shape of abdomen various- 2Mesothorax little if any longer than prothorax ; abdomen gradually widen-ing from base 202. Abdomen with an abrupt bulbous swelling behind middle (figs. 196,201) 3Abdomen without bulbous swelling (figs. 169, 210) 143. Spine between antennae well developed, acute ; head and prothorax usuallydistinctly granulose ; elaspers of hypopygium with upper and lower mar-gins in most species without a rounded subapical notch above or below
;
metathorax usually much attenuated anteriorly 4Spine between antennae not developed, a mere wart, blunt ; head and pro-thorax but little granulose ; elaspers of hypopygium long, obtriangularwith at least the upper margin notched 134. Hypopygium with a large apical hook like process which has an emargina-tion or concavity on each side of hook, not entirely filled by the elaspers(figs. 193, 194, 200) 12Hypopygium with a small apical process which is visible only under highmagnification, the upper margin of hypopygium but little concave, theelaspers entirely filling the space between the margin and the process(fig. 197) 55. Fifth tergite bearing a pair of strongly divergent long conical horns, equal inlength to entire bulbosity (fig. 205) mirabilis, new species (p. 124).Fifth tergite without such horns 66. Seventh tergite short, sixth entirely incorporated into the bulbosity whichthus appears almost terminal (fig. 201) 7Seventh tergite long, sixth not wholly incorporated into bulbosity which isdistinctly subterminal 87. Sixth tergite more than half as long as fifth, provided with a smaller ele-vation similar in shape to that of fifth (fig. 201).filiventris Spinola (p. 123).Sixth tergite less than half as long as fifth, without elevations.atriclava Bergroth (p. 123).8. Widest part of bulbosity in fourth segment ; top of abdomen with 2 distinctlongitudinal lines of gray hairs globifera Bergroth (p. 110).Widest part of bulbosity in fifth segment 99. Fifth tergite lacking subangulate ridged elevations; sixth trisinuate poste-riorly claviventris Bergroth (p. 109).Fifth tergite with subangulate ridged elevations; sixth slightly convexposteriorly 10
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 6T
10. Elevation of fifth tergite distinctly inside lateral margins of disk.approximata, new species (p. 117).Elevations of fifth tergite on lateral margins of disk, the margins passingover as carinae 1111. Elevations of fifth tergite at middle ; clasper oblong, about a third as wideas long (fig. 197) perigynium, new species (p. 120).Elevations of fifth tergite nearer posterior margin ; clasper much narrower,terete recondita, new species (p. 119).12. Seventh tergite with a longitudinal carina on apical half, tip of tergite pro-jecting well beyond apex of hypopygium ; apical central hook of latter rela-tively small, not much curved at base and not standing well clear of thesternite at base so that it is only visible as a hook under a moderatemagnification (fig. 193) globulata, new species (p. 118).subglobulata, new species (p. 121).Seventh tergite without longitudinal carina, tip of tergite projecting little ifany beyond apex of hypopygium ; apical hook of latter much curved atbase, standing well clear of the sternite so that if is usually visible as ahook to the unaided eye (fig. 200) uncinata, new species (p. 122).13. Hypopygial claspers each with a deep excavation on upper margin beforeapex, the lower margin entire (fig. 199) ; fifth sternite with regular mi-scroscopic striae which run from base to apex and are slightly outwardlydirected strigata, new species (p. 121).Hypopygial claspers each with a deep rounded excavation on upper marginbefore apex, and a deep incision about opposite on lower margin (fig.194) ; fifth sternite lacking regular striae, granular, the granulations be-ing partially grouped in irregular transverse rows.patruela, new species (p. 119).14. Abdomen nearly as wide at hypopygium as at any point proximad of it__ 15Abdomen notably widest at third or fourth segment ; seventh tergite re-markably elongated and slender, projecting beyond apex of hypopygiumby at least the length of latter (figs. 187, 188) 1915. Hypopygium almost annular, the terminal hook large, flanked each side bya space which is not filled by the broadly triangular claspers ; seventhtergite not especially narrowed subapically, apex a strong process project-ing well beyond hypopygium (fig. ISO) apiculata, new species (p. 111).Hypopygium more elongate, hook small, concealed between apices qfclaspers ; apex of seventh tergite not strongly tuberculate nor project-ing far beyond hypopygium (fig. 181) 1616. Hypopygium somewhat inflated, notably deeper vertically than adjacentpart of abdomen 18Hypopygium scarcely inflated and but little deeper than abdomen 1717. Claspers oblong, almost truncate apically, slightly beveled off at inferiorangle ica, new species (p. 111).Claspers broader basally, rather pointed apically, superior angle sloped offwith a long bevel (fig. 1S1) pachitea, new species (p. 111).18. Seventh tergite longer, much narrowed and slightly transversely corrugatedsubapically, the apex pointed and slightly keeled.aracataca, new species (p. 112).Seventh tergite shorter, but little narrowed and faintly transverselywrinkled subapically, the apex triangular, bluntly pointed.colona, new species (p. 112).19. Abdomen widest at fourth segment, each tergite with a pair of small roundspots of pale yellow pile on hind margin; spiracles yellow.assa-nutrix Bergroth (p. 114).
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 93Abdomen widest at fifth segment, tergites lacking pilose spots ; spiraclesblackish gladiator, new species (p. 115).20. Hind margin of sixth sternite almost straight ; head and thorax copiously,coarsely granulate ; seventh tergite triangular apically, not keeled, ex-rending little if any beyond hypopygium (fig. 175) ; apical antennal seg-ment only a little longer than subapical pascoei Bergroth (p. 106).Hind margin of sixth sternite with a broad central rounded concavity andsmaller lateral ones, the sternite longest at a point between the lateralmargin and median line 2121. Head and thorax conspicuously granulate; length 15 to 17 mm.minimula, new species (p. 105).Head and thorax not conspicuously granulate ; longer species 2222. Eighth sternite visible on its entire width, the spiracle moderately peduncu-late \ 23Eighth sternite with the sides more or less concealed 2723. Abdomen nearly cylindrical ; clasper very broadly triangular, width at apexequaling length (fig. 177) personata, new species (p. 108).Abdomen otherwise ; clasper not so broadly triangular 2424. Abdomen clavate, posterior angles of tergites subangularly ampliate
;
tergites lacking dark warts on middle of hind margins.angulata (Uhler) (p. 128).Abdomen parallel-sided ; tergites 2-6 each with a small dark wart atmiddle of hind margin 2525. Narrowed portion of seventh tergite distinctly longer than terminal ex-panded part (fig. 170) persimilis, new species (p. 103).Narrowed portion of seventh tergite distinctly shorter than terminal ex-panded part 2626. Claspers of about same width throughout their length; pale species.productilis Barber (p. 102).Claspers wide subbasally, much narrowed apically ; dark species.simillima, new species (p. 102).27. Eighth sternite visible only at center, its sides, including spiracles, coveredabdomen with flecks of denser pubescence ; fore femur gradually thickenedfrom base to first ventral spine maculata, new species (p. 108).Spiracles of eighth sternite exposed ; head, thorax and abdomen withpatches of dense golden pubescence; fore femur thickened on basal halfof that part basad of the first ventral spine (fig. 215).insidiatrix Bergroth (p. 126).KEY TO THE SPECIES.Females.
1. Mesothorax (viewed from above) longer than prothorax 2Mesothorax not longer than prothorax 172. Abdomen with a bulbous swelling beyond middle, and prominent lateralelevations on either fifth or 'sixth tergites (figs. 196,201) 3Abdomen without bulbous swelling or lateral elevations on fifth and sixthtergites . 123. Fifth tergite the widest, its sides before hind margin prominently ele-vated, usually standing above connexivum 4Sixth tergite about as wide as or wider than fifth, bearing a large mediantubercle (fig. 184) 15
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67
4. Sixth tergite lacking a large median tubercle, though fifth and sixth ter-gites may be more or less elevated at middle of hind margin 5Sixth tergite with a prominent, median, falcate tubercle on its hind margin.bethei (Dohrn) (p. 112).5. Fifth tergite with a pair of divergent, long conical horns, each nearly equalin length to width of tergite (fig. 208) mirabilis, new species (p. 124).Fifth tergite without such horns 6(i. Elevations of fifth tergite distinctly inside lateral margins of disk.approximata, new species (p. 117).Elevations of fifth tergite on lateral margins of disk, the margins passingover them as carinae . 77. Pronotum not noticeably granulose ; abdomen with one or more pairs oflarge pale pilose spots on dorsum and venter__signata, new species (p. 120).Pronotum distinctly granulose ; abdomen not or very inconspicuouslyspotted 88. Eighth tergite as long as wide 10Eighth tergite much shorter than wide 99. Posterior lateral angles of seventh tergite produced no farther posteriorlythan median convexity of hind margin which is more or less tuberculate.globulata, new species (p. 118).Posterior angles of seventh tergite produced distinctly beyond middle ofhind margin, which is merely convex, not at all tuberculate.subglobulata, new species (p. 121).10. Posterior lateral angles of seventh tergite produced distinctly beyond middleof hind margin which is not tuberculate gladiator, new species (p. 115).Posterior lateral angles of sixth tergite produced no farther than medianconvexity of hind margin which is slightly tuberculate 1111. Seventh sternite about twice as long on median line as sixth, with a broadconvex process apically which is slightly emarginate medianly.perigynium, new species (p. 120).Seventh sternite only a third longer than sixth; somewhat angulate apically.recondita, new species (p. 119).12. Seventh tergite with the posterior angles produced as divergent, acute proc-esses; other tergites ornamented on their hind margins with a pair of spotsof golden pubescence; abdomen boat-shaped assa-nutrix Bergroth (p. 114).Posterior angles of seventh tergite not so produced ; abdomen clavate, notso ornamented 1313. Tergite 7 about as wide as long, with a distinct median tubercle posteriorly;sternite 7 merely convex medianly, but little produced.filiventris Spinola (p. 123).Tergite 7 not tuberculate ; sternite 7 much produced and acute poste-riorly 1414. Tergite 7 much longer than wide, middle of hind margin conspicuouslydeclivate, the lateral angles prominent, acute ; sternites 5 to 7 as infigure 191 stipitata, new species (p. 116).Tergite 7 little longer than wide, hind margin not declivate medianly, almoststraight across, the lateral angles and median point only very slightly em-phasized ; stemites 5 to 7 as in figure 192.._siniilata, new species (p. 116).15. Fifth tergite about equal in length to its width at hind margin; abdomenwith a bulbous swelling beyond middle pendula, new species (p. 116).Fifth tergite about twice as long as its width at hind margin ; abdomentapered from base to apex, or slightly clubbed apically 16
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 95
16. Seventh sternite very slightly longer than sixth, the latter with the hindmargin slightly concave cuneata, new species (p. 113).Seventh sternite at least 1.5 as long as sixth on median line, the latter witha very deep concavity on hind margin aracataca, new species (p. 112).17. Posterior angles of tergites more or less ampliate or produced, the outlineof dorsum of abdomen as seen from above not a continuous straight orcurved line (fig. 210) 18Posterior angles of tergites (except sometimes the seventh) not produced,the outline or dorsum of abdomen a continuous straight (fig. 169) orcurved line 23IS. Fore femur notably thicker near base than at first strong spine (fig.213) 19Fore femur enlarging gradually from base to first strong spine (fig.185) 2119. A strong tubercle on hind margin of sixth tergite (fig. 184) 20No obvious tubercle on hind margin of sixth tergite.glabrata, new species (p. 128).20. Eighth tergite with disk prominently elevated each side of a broad mediansulcus ; ninth tergite convex medianly the margin slightly elevated ; cor-rugations of these tergites indistinct insidiatrix Bergroth (p. 126).Eighth and ninth tergites with disk depressed and margin's elevated, eachlongitudinally carinate and transversely corrugated.amicula, new species (p. 127).21. Angulations of tergites more pronounced ; apex of sixth notably widerthan that of seventh (fig. 210) 22Angulation of tergites less pronounced ; apex of sixth tergite scarcely widerthan that of seventh peruviana, new species (p. 125).22. Elevated margins of ninth tergite produced apically as distinct spines (fig.211) annectens, new species (p. 125).Elevated margins of ninth tergite not forming spines (fig. 213).truncata, new species (p. 126).23. Basal spine of fore femur at less than its own length from base of femur(i. e. juncture of the trochanter) ; fore tibia and tarsus combined three-fourths as long as femur (fig. 167) ; spine between bases of antennaemuch reduced, a mere wart galapagensis Heidemann (p. 100).Basal spine of fore femur at distinctly more than its own length frombase of femur; other characters not as above 2424. Seventh sternite distinctly produced on middle of hind margin 25Seventh sternite not produced 3125. Hind margin of seventh tergite without tubercle 26Hind margin of seventh tergite more or less tuberculate 2826. Hind margin of seventh tergite concave medianly.personata, new species (p. 108).Hind margin of seventh tergite not concave medianly 2727. Hind margin of seventh tergite straight across_semipallida Bergroth (p. 100).Hind margin of seventh tergite angulate, produced medianly but not tu-berculate alterata, new species (p. 107).28. Median tubercle on hind margin of seventh tergite extending farther posteriorly than lateral angles ; ninth tergite with 3 finger-like ridges at apex.(fig. 172) persimilis, new species (p. 103).Median tubercle on hind margin of seventh tergite not extending as farposteriorly as laterial angles; apex of ninth tergite lacking finger-likelongitudinal ridges 29
96 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.6729. Apex of ninth tergite distinctly upcurved, transversely wrinkled and with alow median longitudinal carina; process of seventh sternite large.productilis Barber (p. 102).Apex of ninth tergite otherwise ; process of seventh sternite small 3030. Apex of ninth tergite distinctly decurved, longitudinally strigate, and witha strong median carina, the lateral margins depressed.succincta, new species (p. 105).Apex of ninth tergite slightly decurved, the lateral margins strongly ele-vated, depressed median area with a carina which extends from theupper transversely corrugated third of the sternite.aliena, new species (p. 106).31. Eighth tergite visible only as two small rounded laterally situated protu-berances, below apex of seventh tergite, not continued downward in centerover base of ninth tergite (fig. 174) alveola, new species (p. 104).Eighth tergite covering base of ninth tergite 3232. Sixth tergite with a prominent protuberance, seventh with a smaller oneon middle of hind margin (fig. 178) 33Sixth tergite without a prominent protuberance 3433. Abdomen ten times as long as its greatest width; first antennal joint withseveral dark bands varicornis Dohrn (p. 101).Abdomen not so long and slender, clavate; ninth tergite rounded apically,the depressed apex overlaid by two short tapering ridges (fig. 179).perversa, new species (p. 110).34. Hind margin of sixth sternite almost straight; apex of ninth tergite witha strong bidentate tubercle on each side bicaudata, new species (p. 101).Hind margin of sixth sternite more or less concave 3535. Sixth sternite a third longer on sides than in middle (fig. 176).pascoei Bergroth (p. 106).Sixth sternite not so deeply emarginate posteriorly 3636. Apex of ninth tergite overlaid by two strong finger-like processes (fig. 173) ;length over 30 mm longula, new species (p. 104).Apex of ninth tergite with a low median carina ; length less than 20 mm.minim ula, new species (p. 105).REMARKS ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES OTHER THAN THOSE INCLUDED IN THE KEY.
analis (Emcsa) Dohrn. Emesina, 1S60, pp. 229-230, pi. 1, fig. 5 [Surinam].This species runs to the division of our key including apiculataand aracataca. Dohrn's figure shows that the hypopygium is notannular with a large hook as in the former, and that the sixth tergiteprojects far beyond hypopygium which is not true of the latter.annulata (Emesa) Dohrn. Nachtrage, 1863, pp. 65-6 [S. A.?].Closely related to analis, " last dorsal segment scarcely petiolate."This indicates that the species is to be compared with aracataca andmay possibly be identical.argentina Berg, Carol. Tres Reduviidae novae argentinae. Communicacionesdel Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 1, No. 6, May 23, 1900, pp.189-190 [prope Buenos Aires].Not a Ghilianella, possibly a Ploiaria but the characters given donot permit its being run in our key to that genus.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 97brasiliensis (Emesa) Dohrn. Emesina, 1860, pp. 227-8 [Brazil].Abdomen with high and sharp lateral carinae, mid and hindfemora each with 2 yellowish rings.bulbifwa Champion. Biologia, vol. 2, 1898, p. 171, pi. 10, figs. 17-18 [Panama].The male runs to recondita among our species, but has the sixthsegment less involved in the bulbosity and the seventh tergite notsurpassing hypopygium and apparently not apiculate. The femaledescribed by Champion probably is a different species; specimensseemingly agreeing with Champion's description of that sex aregiven a new name on page 116.geistaeclceri (Emesa) Dohrn. Emesina, 1860, pp. 223-4 [Haiti].There is very little doubt that all of the American species in sec-tion B or Dohrn's key to Emesa, are Ghilianella. The presentspecies is said to have the sixth (that is seventh) segment bispinoseapically.gibbiventris Champion. Biologia, vol. 2, 1898, p. 172, pi. 10, fig. 20 [Panama].This species is of a different type from any we have seen, sincewhile the pro- and meso-thorax are subequal in length, the abdomenin the male is bulbous.Granulata Champion. Biologia, vol. 2, 1898, pp. 171-2, pi. 10, fig. 19 [BritishHonduras].Unidentifiable, the terminal abdominal segments of the type be-ing missing.ignorata Dohrn. Emesina, 1860, pp. 238-9, pi. 1, figs. 9, 11 [La Guayra, andBrazil].The male runs to recondita in our key but does not have theseventh tergite produced beyond hypopygium. Champion 15 de-scribes and illustrates a species under Dohrn's name, but he de-fines the species on characters not mentioned by Dohrn, and does notspeak of seeing the type; hence there is no certainty that the identi-fication is correct.imbecilla (Emesa) Dohrn. Emesina, I860, pp. 228-9 [Para].Mid and hind femora each with three pale rings; described froma specimen with collapsed abdomen ; may not be identifiable.signoreti (Emesa) Dohrn. Emesina, 1860, p. 227, pi. 1, fig. 1 [Jamaica].This species has the mid and hind femora each with apex and twosubapical rings paler, not agreeing in this respect with any specieshaving the same shaped abdomen (figured) that we have examined.spinolae Dohrn. Emesina, 1860, p. 238 [Amazon River].Abdominal segments 1-3 yellow and longer even than in filiven-tris indicates a species distinct from any here described.
15 Biologia, vol. 2, pp. 170-1, pi. 10. figs. 15-16. 1898.94993?25 7
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.Claws of fore tarsus two, the inner short, closely applied to the base of outer.(Subgenus Ghilianclla Spinola.)Inner row of armature of fore femur consisting of hairs or bristles whichmay or may not arise from wart-like bases (fig. 186), usually asingle spine at apical end of the series ; fore femur usually slender.enlarging slightly from base toward first stout spine (fig. 185).Fore femur rather stout, first strong spine at less than its own lengthfrom base (that is apex of trochanter) ; abdomen racket-shaped.galapagensis.Fore femur usually more slender, first strong spine at more (usuallyconsiderably more) than its own length from base.A small wart (dark in mature specimens) at middle of hind marginof each of tergites 2-6; spiracles dark, prominent; a dark blotchor spot on inner side of upper surface of fore femur near apex.Metathorax shorter than mesothorax ; unspined portion of forefemur shorter than spined part semipallida.varicornis.bicaudata.Metathorax nearly or quite as long as mesothorax ; unspined por-tion of fore femur nearly equal in length to spined part.simillima.productilis.persimilis.longula.No such warts on tergites 2-6 ; species lacking the above combina-tion of characters.Mesothorax not longer than prothorax ; abdomen not bulbous.Prothorax longer ; spineless part of fore femur shorter than spinedportion alveola.minimula.succincta.Mesothorax and prothorax about equal in length.Spineless part of fore femur distinctly shorter than spinedportion. aliena.pascoei.alterata.Spineless part of fore femur nearly as long as spinedportion. maculata.personata.Mesothorax distinctly longer than prothorax ; abdomen bulbous.claviventris.globifera. 10Inner row of armature of fore femur consisting of spines (which mayalternate large and small or be almost equal in size) and betweenthem longer fine hairs (fig. 204).Fore femur slender in most cases, with the unspined portion rela-tively long; abdominal tergites not angulate produced.Mesothorax shorter than prothorax ; abdomen nearly parallel-sided perversa.ia See footnote 17, p. 99.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 99Mesothorax longer than prothorax.Abdomen long, nearly parallel-sided apiculata."ica.Abdomen clavate pachitea.colona.bethei.aracataca.cuneata.assa-nutrix.[filiventris, female],gladiator, male,stipitata.similata.Abdomen bulbous.Bulbosity longer than wide gladiator, female.pendula.Bulbosity as wide as or wider than long.Bulbosity subterminal approximata.globifera. 18globulata.patruela.perigynium.recondita.signata.strigata.subglobulata.uncinata.Bulbosity terminal atriclava.filiventris, male,mirabilis.Fore femur stouter, the unspined portion relatively short, but littlelonger than basal spine; abdominal tergites angulate producedat sides posteriorly ; prothorax longest, mesothorax and meta-thorax successively shorter peruviana.truncata.annectens.Claw of fore tarsus single ; inner row of armature of fore femur consisting ofchitinous tubercles or spines, with a few long hairs intermixed (fig. 212) ;a strong spine on outer side slightly distad of basal spine, out of alignmentwith the others and slightly outwardly directed ; posterior angles of ab-dominal tergites slightly ampliate.Claw separated from tarsus by a suture ; fore femur rather slender as awhole, but notably thicker near base than at first strong spine (fig.215) (Subgenus Ploeodonyx new subgenus, type species GMlianeUainsidiatrix Bergroth). insidiatrix.amicula.glabrata.Claw entirely fused with tarsus ; fore femur rather stout, little if anythicker at base than at first strong spine ; hind margin of prothoraxwith two rather long, blunt, divergent teat-like processes. ( SubgenusLissonyx, new subgenus, type species Emcsa angulata Uhler.)angulata.17 Armature of fore femur unknown.18 Armature of fore femur unknown, the species entered in two places in the list.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.GHILIANELLA GALAPAGENSIS Heidemann.GhiliancUa galapagensis Heidemann, O. H. Papers from the Hopkins Stan-ford Galapagos Expedition, 1898-1899. Entomological Results (1) Hemiptera,Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 367-8, Aug. 23, 1901 [Hood Island].Female.?General color testaceous, the abdomen considerablyclouded with fuscous; abdomen gradually widened to juncture offifth and sixth segments and tapered from thence to apex, the expan-sion involving more segments (3-7) and having more of them (4-7)of nearly equal width than in other species ; dorsal sutures transverse,the tergites with small but progressively increasing elevations on thehind margins of 2-6 ; posterior angles of tergite 7 rather prominent,the hind margin between nearly straight, with a median elevation;eighth tergite two-thirds as long as broad, very slightly sculptured,apex very broadly rounded; exposed portion of tergite 9 muchshorter than 8, depressed apically on each side of a short keel ; hindmargins of sternites 4-5 nearly transverse, slightly inclined anteri-orly, of 2, 3, and G, more or less emarginate medianly and arcuatelaterally, 6 most so; seventh tergite convex medianly, concave later-ally, eighth just the reverse, with a large median emargination,seventh with a small one. Fore leg and its armature as in figures167, 168.Length, 12.5 mm.Holotype.?Female, Hood Island, Galapagos Archipelago, May18, 1899 (type No. 4931, U.S.N.M.).A nymph also, Albemarle Island, March 11, 1899 (U.S.N.M.).GHILIANELLA SEMIPALLIDA Bergroth.Ghilianella semipallida Bergroth, E. Ploeariinen 1906, pp. 317-318[Venezuela].Female.?A specimen without antennae, or mid and hind legs,and with the abdomen collapsed, Corozal, Collection E. Bergroth,is the only one we have seen. General color of upper surface stra-mineous, of lower pale castaneous. Frontal spine porrect, sharp.Head sparsely granulate, divisions of thorax with practically nogranulations on top and only a few along the sides; mesothoraxlonger than either of the other divisions. Abdomen very long andslender, apparently widening gradually from base to apex; tergiteswithout tubercles; hind margin of seventh about straight across;eighth semicircular; ninth longer, cuneate portion of disk raisedabove lateral portions, its point coalescing at apex with the slightlyelevated margins. Seventh sternite slightly angulate medianly,slightly concave laterally; eighth sternite broadly exposed on eachside.Length, 23 mm.Corozal, Venezuela (Coll. E. Bergroth). The type.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 101GHILIANELLA VARICORNIS (Dohrn).E.[mesa] varicornis Dohrn, A. Emesina, 1860, pp. 226-227 [Porto Rico].Ghilianella variicomis Bergroth, E. Ploeariinen 1906, p. 317.Dohrn had a male with collapsed abdomen and his descriptiondeals mainly with coloration; Bergroth describes the structuralcharacters from a female, the specimen examined during the presentrevision.Female.?Closely related to G. productilis Barber, of the samelong slender form, and coloration including the characteristic darkdots; those on posterior lobe of head and on pronotum are obsolete,however, in the specimen at hand, while there is a faint pair onfront lobe of head. Legs stramineous, mid and hind pairs va-riegated, the mid tibiae each with a single distinct, and the femorawith numerous indistinct, fuscous annuli ; some longitudinal stripingeach side of the knee-joint. Basal segment of antenna with nu-merous faint brown annuli. Frontal spine prominent, decurved;head and thorax moderately granulate; the divisions of thorax de-creasing in length from front to rear; a tubercle each side of baseof head on anterior margin of pronotum, prominent, rather pointed,much more distinct than in G. productilis. Abdomen widening verygradually from base to apex, tubercled as in G. productilis, the lat-eral angles and median tubercle of 7 about equally produced ; eighthsemi-octagonal in shape, transversely wrinkled and indistinctly lon-gitudinally keeled, the apex rather pointed, and the margins be-tween apex and lateral angles slightly concave; ninth longer thaneighth, faintly transversely corrugated, slightly narrowed apically,apex concave, with the lateral angles each side of the concavity dis-tinctly pointed as seen from behind, broader as seen from side.Seventh sternite distinctly concave medianly, the sides of hind mar-gin also shallowly concave.Length, 26.5 mm.Porto Rico (Coll. E. Bergroth).GHILIANELLA BICAUDATA, new species.Female.?Testaceous, legs and thorax above washed with rufousand lightly marked, the thorax below and abdomen above moreheavily, variegated, with fuscous; a pair of dark blotches nearhind margin of each sternite; species in general appearance muchlike productilis. Abdomen widening gradually to juncture of fourthand fifth segments, then tapering very slightly to end; connexivumslightly elevated; central strips of tergites with a longitudinalridge; seventh tergite with the lateral angles slightly flaring andprojecting well posteriorly, the hind margin between them nearlystraight and bearing at the middle a terete, pointed, porrect tubercle,which slightly exceeds the lateral angles (fig. 169) ; eighth tergite
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67more than twice as wide as long, strongly transversely corrugated,apical margin wide, erose; ninth tergite longer than eighth, trans-versely wrinkled, narrowed apically, the posterior angles raised intotwo strong bidentate tubercles; hind margins of sternites 2-6slightly concave; seventh somewhat convex medianly and concavelaterally ; eighth narrowly visible on each side.Length, 24 mm.Holotype.?Female, Cayamas, Cuba, Jan. 24, E. A. Schwarz(U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26740, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA SIMILLIMA, new species.A species closely allied to productilis, agreeing with it even inshape of seventh tergite (in contrast to persimilis) , but in the singlemale specimen at hand, dark castaneous so that the characteristicdark dots of this group of species are much obscured. However,they are discernible upon close inspection. Legs and antennae palercastaneous than body but without pale annuli. Hypopygium rathershort, opening upward, the sides rather pinched in, the upper mar-gin flaring laterally and ridged posteriorly, claspers as describedin key.Length, 29 mm.Holotype.?Male labelled "Cuba, Sojo, 6 Al. 83" (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA PRODUCTILIS Barber.Ohilianella prodiwtilis Barber, H. G. Insects of Florida, vol. 2, Hemiptera,Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 33, pp. 502-3, Aug. 21, 1914. [Marco, Fla.]Male.?General color light reddish-brown, more or less variegatedwith fuscous; the legs and antennae stramineous, punctate but notannulate with the general color. There is a distinct black dot onthe upper surface of each fore femur near the apex, a pair of dotsabout middle of posterior lobe of head, and another pair sometimeslarger than the preceding about middle of pronotum; each abdom-inal sternite from 3-6, also bears near its hind margin a pair ofblack dots which tend to become larger and blotch-like posteriorly.Pilosity fine, short, pale, more abundant toward apices of mid andhind legs and antennae. Abdomen almost parallel-sided, widest athypopygium, a black wart on middle of hind margin of tergites2-6, the connexivum more or less elevated, the spiracles dark. Sev-enth tergite somewhat longer than sixth, a little constricted beyondmiddle, the apical moiety faintly transversely corrugated, lanceolatein outline, with a rounded keel apically, and projecting a littlebeyond hypopygium. Posterior margins of sternites 2-6, more or
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 103less emarginate medianly, and arcuate laterally, most pronouncedon 6 ; 7 a little emarginate, 8 a little convex medianly, both slightlyconcave laterally ; claspers oblong.Female.?Color as in male; form of abdomen much the same,seventh tergite about one-third shorter than sixth, the lateral anglesproduced distinctly beyond the keeled and slightly tuberculate mid-dle of hind margin; eighth tergite about semicircular, keeled longi-tudinally and corrugated transversely; ninth somewhat longer thaneighth, keeled, corrugated herringbone fashion, narrowed, rounded,and upturned apically; sutures between sternites less sinuate thanin male; seventh sternite somewhat shorter than sixth, its hindmargin concave laterally and forming a distinct rounded processmedianly; eighth sternite appearing as an elliptical plate on eachside, spiracle barely visible.Length, 23-25 mm.Holotype.?Mz\z, Marco, Fla., April 19, 1912, Wm. T. Davis (Coll.Davis) ; males, females, and nymphs from Big Pine, Fla., March 8,1919, H. S. Barber; and Vict, de las Tunas, Cuba, W. M. Mann(U.S.N.M.).In the male nymph the eighth tergite is broadly visible acrossbase of anal tube, the ninth apparently is membraneous, the seventhhas a large upwardly and backwardly projecting pointed process,and the lateral angles slightly pointed tuberculate; in the femalenymph the seventh tergite has a rather prominent erect tubercle, theeighth and ninth are keeled and less rounded apically than in adultsince they form the roof of complete segments inclosing the anal tube.GHILIANELLA PERSIMILIS. new species.Male.?Very similar to male of prdductilis; the only tangibledifference seems to be that in this species the narrowed portion of theseventh tergite is distinctly longer than the terminal expanded, thenapiculate part (fig. 170), while in productilis it is distinctly shorter.Hypopygium of male as in figure 171.Female.?Color much as in male ; very similar to female of produc-tilis, the chief distinction, being in the form of tergites 7-9 andsternite 7 ; these have been mentioned in the key, to the descriptionsin which may be added that the eighth tergite is much broader thanlong, transversely wrinkled, and very obtusely angulate at apex;tergite 9 is somewhat wrinkled above and much narrowed apically
;
hind margin of sternite 7 is only slightly convex medianly and con-cave laterally (fig. 172).Length, 21-23 mm.Eolotype.?Male, allotype female, Vict, de las Tunas, Cuba,W. M. Mann. (U.S.N.M.)Type and allotype.?-Male, Cat. No. 26741, U.S.N.M.
104 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67A female nymph with same data has the lateral angles of seventhtergite less prominent, the median tubercle long, and elevated at anangle of 45? ; eighth and ninth tergites indistinctly keeled and trans-versely wrinkled. Another female nymph, apparently of this specieshas the data: Havana, Cuba, 1908, P. Serre (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA LONGULA, new species.Female.?Color dark reddish brown, legs paler, femoral andfrontal spines whitish; head and thorax only slightly granulate;hairs throughout abundant, short grayish to yellowish; abdomenattaining nearly its full width at third segment, widening almostimperceptibly caudad, except at end of seventh tergite, the posteriorangles of which are flaring and moderately angulate-produced ; hindmargin of this tergite between the produced angles nearly straight,bearing medianly a porrect tubercle considerably shorter than thelateral productions; eighth tergite broad, much wrinkled, the proc-esses much elevated, free and pointed apically (fig. 173) ; hind mar-gins of sternites 2-6, moderately emarginate medianly, and slightlysinuate laterally ; seventh sternite convex medianly, concave laterally.Length, 32 mm.Holotype.?Female, San Bias, Pinar del Kio, Cuba, 1918, W. M.Mann (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26742, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA ALVEOLA, new species.Female.?Legs stramineous tinged with reddish; head and thoraxtestaceous, darker below, conspicuously granulate; abdomen testa-ceous, marbled with fuscous, lightly above and heavily below ; ab-domen widening gradually to apex of seventh tergite, lateral stripsof tergites and the connexivum coelevated, vertical except at extremeapex; sutures between tergites transverse, each tergite with an in-distinct longitudinal ridge, darker colored posteriorly; seventhtergite roughened on disk, expanded apically, the posterior anglesprominent, rounded, the margin between them convex, bearing atthe middle a short pointed tubercle; eighth tergite as described inkey; ninth transversely corrugated, and broadly longitudinallysulcate from base to near apex where elevations each side of thesulcus are interrupted, apical margin elevated, calloused (fig. 174) ;hind margin of sixth sternite decidedly sinuate laterally, the preced-ing sternites with only a suggestion of this form; hind margin ofseventh sternite very broadly and shallowly emarginate; eighthsternite visible as an elliptical plate on each side.Length, 20 mm.Holotype.?Female, Balthazar, Grenada, H. H. Smith (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26743, U.S.N.M.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 105GHILIANELLA MINIMULA, new species.Male.?Head and body dark reddish-brown, legs and antennaeyellowish, fuscous near joints; head and thorax decidedly granulate,pubescence short and sparse. Frontal spine strong, porrect, headwith a pair of divergent pointed tubercles just behind transversesulcus. Abdomen widest at the anterior part of fifth segment,tapering gradually both fore and aft; seventh tergite narrowingrather rapidly from middle to the rather broadly rounded apex whichprojects a little beyond hypopygium. Hind margins of all sternitesemarginate medianly, those of 5 and 6 most so, that of 7 very broadlyand shallowly, and that of 8, narrowly and slightly. Hypopygiumshort, opening upward, claspers short, tapering from base to apex.Female.?Color, granulation and pubescence, also spine and tuber-cles of head as in male. Abdomen widening to end of seventh ter-gite, which has a moderate median tubercle a little farther producedthan the hind angles. Eighth tergite short, semi-elliptical, ninthmoderately long, rounded at apex, each with a median carina andtransverse corrugations. Sutures between sternites on the same planas in male, hind margin of seventh prominent but not producedmedianly, concave laterally; eighth visible only on sides.Length, 15-17 mm.Holotype.?Male, paratype female, allotype, female, Chapada,Brazil, September, no date, and August, respectively (CarnegieMus.). GHILIANELLA SUCCINCTA, new species.While this species runs in our key to the same couplet with G. pro-ductilis, it is not as closely related to that species as is persimilis,lacking the long terete head and characteristic dark dots, in additionto having a distinctively shaped abdomen.Female.?Fuscous, spotted and marbled with ochraceous; headand thorax indistinctly granulate, but with plentiful, short, crinkly,pale reddish hair, abdomen more sparsely provided with similar butstraight hairs; the seventh tergite is but little longer than wide (inproductilis it is twice as long as wide) ; lateral pieces of this tergiteproduced posteriorly as short rounded angles, the hind margin be-tween them slightly convex but not tuberculate medianly; eighthtergite semi-elliptical, with broad median carina and transverse cor-rugations ; ninth as described in key. Hind margin of sixth sterniteslightly emarginate medianly and less so laterally, of seventh ratherstrongly concave, with a short triangular process in the middle.Length, 23 mm.Holotype.?Female, Para, Brazil (Carnegie Mus.).94993?25 8
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07GHILIANELLA ALIENA, new species.Female.?Legs and antennae yellow, head and body darker, brown,the former practically without markings, the abdomen with somepaler marblings. Frontal spine porrect, stramineous; pubescenceshort, grayish. Prothorax longest, metathorax shortest; thoraxand head conspicuously granulate. Abdomen long and smoothlyclavate, widest at distal part of fourth segment. Seventh tergitenearly square, the hind margin declivate, the posterior angles andmedian tubercle slightly and about equally produced ; eighth tergitesemicircular, carinate medianly, corrugated laterally; ninth asdescribed in key. Seventh sternite moderately convex medianly,concave laterally.Length, 18 mm.Holotype.?Female, Sarare, Venezuela, 1896, F. Geay (ParisMus.).A teneral female, same data, apparently of the same species, is21 mm. long. GHILIANELLA PASCOEI Bergroth.Ghilianella pascoci Bergroth, E. Ploeariinen 1906, pp. 315-317 [Venezuela].Male.?General color dark reddish brown (less mature specimensyellow-brown, variegated with darker), hairs numerous but shortand little aggregated into patches; abdomen widening graduallyfrom base to hypopygium; seventh tergite a fourth longer thansixth, somewhat corrugated transversely on posterior two-thirds;second sternite slightly sinuate laterally, third and fourth almosttransverse, fifth rounded emarginate medianly, sixth almost trans-verse, seventh and eighth shallowly emarginate medianly, slightlyconvex laterally, spiracle of latter included within border of seg-ment; hypopygium rather short, claspers oblong, narrowed apicallythe upper margin convex (fig. 175). Sternites 2-7, finely wrinkledtransversely.Female.?Color as in male; in pale specimens the abdomen ismarbled and leg markings are evident ; abdomen widening graduallyfrom base to juncture of fourth and fifth segments, narrowing littleposterior of that point ; connexivum more or less carinate ; hind mar-gins of tergites 2-6 very slightly elevated medianly, otherwise un-modified; tergite 7 with the posterior angles prominent and veryslightly flaring, middle of hind margin with a small angulate prom-inence, extending about as far posteriorly as lateral angles, marginbetween prominences slightly concave and declivate; eighth tergiterather long, convex posteriorly, short median line, two transverselines near upper end of former, and margin, slightly elevated, ar-cuate both transversely and longitudinally, median line almost
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 107
carinate on upper third, apex rounded; hind margins of sternites2-6 emarginate medianly, 6 most so, this sternite a fourth longer onside than on middle (fig. 176) ; seventh sternite a third longer thansixth on median line, its hind margin convex medianly, concavelaterally, eighth sternite visible as an elliptical plate on each side,or when exposed, rounded emarginate medianly, convex laterally.Length, 17-22 mm.Pair from La Guaila, Venezuela (Coll. E. Bergroth), male, thetype. Three males, Trinidad, March 26, 1916, R. A. Wood (Acad.Nat. Sci. Phila.) ; one male Botanic Garden, Port-of-Spain, Trini-dad, Oct. 13, 1918, Harold Morrison (U.S.N.M.).Females agreeing with pascoei in general appearance and in mostcharacters but differing in details of eighth and ninth tergites fromthe female assigned to this species by Bergroth are left withoutdefinite determinations for the present. All of these have the headand thorax conspicuously granulate, the sternites finely corrugatedtransversely, and both sternites and tergites up to and including7 similar to those of pascoei. Three from Trinidad, March 26,1916, R. A. Wood (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.), and one from Mont-serrat, Trinidad, June 29, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.), have the eighthtergite depressed medianly, with transverse wrinkles or irregularelevations each side of the depression; and ninth tergite is arcuateboth transversely and longitudinally, but is depressed apically andmore or less concave between the apices of the somewhat elevatedlateral margins. A single female from Ivon Beni, Bolivia, January,1922, M. R. Lopez (U.S.N.M.), has the eighth tergite distinctlycarinate medianly and corrugated transversely on each side; theninth tergite has a median carina above which widens so as to coverthe whole apex, this part of the tergite being distinctly elevatedabove the sides of the disk, apex truncate. While these variationsare rather greater than we should expect in a single species, theweight of evidence in hand seems to be against attributing them tospecific distinctness.GHILIANELLA ALTERATA, new species.Female.?Dark castaneous; beak, antennae and mid and hind legsyellow-brown but unmarked ; frontal spine stramineous. Head andthorax copiously granulate and yellowish-white haired ; prothoraxlongest, metathorax shortest of the three divisions. Abdomensmoothly clavate, attaining its greatest width at posterior part offourth segment; tergites except 1, longer than wide, seventh withthe posterior angles prominent but not produced, median portiondeclivate and triangularly produced, slightly surpassing lateralangles. Eighth tergite short and broad, faintly rugose; ninth muchlonger, narrowing rapidly and rounded apically; middle of apex
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67and some irregular small areas each side of the median line de-pressed. Seventh sternite moderately subangulately produced in themiddle of hind margin, concave laterally.Length, 22 mm.Holotype.?Female, Sarare, Venezuela, 1899, F. Geay (ParisMus.). GHILIANELLA MACULATA, new species.Male.?Head, thorax and legs yellow brown; frontal and femoralspines pale; abdomen reddish brown; pilosity of head and thoraxgray, abundant, markedly pollinose; pile of abdomen pale tawny,aggregated into irregular spots especially on segments 3-6, spotsmore numerous anteriorly and on sides of both tergites and sternites
;
abdomen nearly circular in cross-section, forming almost a smoothcone based on hypopygium ; seventh tergite a little longer than sixth,transversely corrugated on posterior third, tapered from the middle,and apiculate, terminating in a moderate point which extends wellbeyond hypopygium. Sternum without keel; sutures between ster-nites emarginate medianly, arcuate laterally, this condition mostpronounced between sixth and seventh ; eighth sternite almost trans-verse posteriorly, with a narrow rounded emargination ; ninth ster-nite very narrowly visible, with a similar but smaller emarginationclaspers closely fitting the upper margin of hypopygium, their ownupper margin broadly emarginate medianly. Fore leg and its arma-ture as in figures 185 and 186.Length, 28 mm.Holotype.?Male, Cayamas, Cuba, Jan. 16, E. A. Schwarz.(U.S.N.M.)Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26744, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA PERSONATA, new species.Male.?Light to dark reddsh-brown, almost uniform; head andthorax without granulations, short gray slightly flocculent pubescenceabundant, much shorter and less conspicuous on abdomen. Abdomenwidening gradually to hypopygium, dorsum convex, without ridgesor tubercles, sutures mostly obsolete; seventh tergite long, narrowedgradually from a point two-fifths of its length from base, terminalfifth more abruptly tapering, moderately pointed, thickened andprojecting beyond hypopygium. Sternum unkeeled, ventral suturesas described in key, hind margin of seventh sternite nearly straight,and eighth narrowly and slightly emarginate; ninth sternite orhypopygium long, with a transverse impression bounding thethickened margin, opening upward and backward, the apex pro-jecting as a rounded triangle, the claspers broadly triangular, (fig.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIAMINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 109177), filling the space between hypopygium and seventh tergite, ex-cept for a narrow vertical space between their apices.Female.?Color and pubescence as in male; abdomen wideninggradually from base, the dorsal sutures evident; seventh tergitewith the hind angles moderately produced as obtusely pointed pro-cesses, margin between distinctly concave, without tubercle; eighthtergite semielliptical, with a median carina interrupting the trans-verse corrugations; ninth tergite rather short, median carina andcross corrugations low, indistinct, apex narrowly rounded. Seventhsternite moderately produced medianly as a rounded lobe, the sidesof hind margin concave ; eighth sternite visible only as a long ellipseon each side.Length, 25-28 mm.Holotype.?Male, paratype male, allotype female, Chapada,Brazil, collected in July, April, and August, respectively (CarnegieMus.). GHILIANELLA CLAVIVENTRIS Bergroth.Ghilianella claviventris Bergroth, E. Ploeariinen 1906, pp. 318-9 [Vene-zuela].Male.?Dark reddish-brown, frontal spine, connexivum, hind edgeof sixth tergite, posterior third of seventh and a few other edgings,yellowish. Head and thorax scarcely granulate; pale reddishpubescence very short, fine and sparse. Abdomen widening graduallyto apical fourth of fourth segment, which is abruptly inflated andtogether with the fifth and most of the sixth segment forms aglobular expansion of the abdomen ; remainder of abdomen taperingposteriorly and upcurved. The fifth tergite is finely longitudinallystrigate and is smoothly inflated, without ridged elevations laterally.The sixth tergite is distinctly trisinuate posteriorly, and the seventhnarrowing from the basal third, has the posterior half transverselywrinkled and an acuminate apex which slightly surpasses hy-popygium. Sutures between sternites concave anteriorly, that be-tween sixth and seventh most so ; hind edge of seventh conspicuouslyemarginate medianly and only slightly less so laterally; eighthsternite visible on its entire width, nearly straight posteriorly ; ninthsternite, or hypopygium, rather long, more or less granulate andtransversely wrinkled, opening upward, claspers oblong, somewhatupturned and bluntly pointed at apex.Length, 26 mm.Two males, Colonia Tovar, E. Simon 1.11.88 (Coll. E. Bergroth).One the type. Another male Cerro del Avila, 6,000 feet, Venezuela,December, 1913, S. M. Klages (Carnegie Mus.).
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67GHILIANELLA GLOBIFERA Bergroth.Ohilianella glotiifera Bergroth, E. Ploeariirien 1906, pp. 319-320 [Vene-zuela].Color throughout dark reddish-brown, legs and antennae withoutpale markings ; the sharp downwardly slanting frontal spine, most ofbeak, the spiracles and edgings on genital segments pale. Graypubescence rather plentiful, a little more prominent on fourth tosixth sternites and in two percurrent lines on dorsum. Bulbosityfarther forward than in any other species examined, widest at fourthsegment and sixth not at all involved in it ; seventh tergite long, theprocess making up two-thirds of length, wrinkled transversely, ridgedlongitudinally, and punctate apically, rather pointed. Seventh stern-ite well exposed, eighth moderately long, opening upward, claspersoblong, narrowed and incurved apically.Length, 19 mm.Male, Caracas (Coll. E. Bergroth.). The type.Two males, Sarare, Venezuela, F. Geay, 189G; and two (one teneraland damaged), Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay, 1896 (Paris Mus.).Length of these specimens, 18.5-20 mm.GHILIANELLA PERVERSA, new species.Female.?Legs testaceous with more or less distinct dark bands,ground color elsewhere testaceous, but obscured largely above, andalmost entirely below, by fuscous to black marbling; granulationsprominent on head, inconspicuous on thorax; pubescence short andfine; proportions of pro-, meso-, and meta-thoraces as 8, 6, and 3;abdomen widening gradually to junction of fifth and sixth segments,tapering gradually posteriorly; unusually narrow median strips oftergites with indistinct longitudinal ridge; hind margin of tergite 6with a prominent backwardly projecting tubercle; that of tergite 7with a short, porrect, blunt tubercle from which the margin slopesaway on each side to the simply rounded lateral angles; eighth ter-gite nearly as long as wide, the general form broadly elliptical, thedisk wrinkled and granulate, the apex apiculate. Hind margins ofall sternites more or less sinuate laterally, 3 least and 6 most so, thelatter sternite a fourth wider on sides than in middle ; seventh sterniteslightly convex medianly and concave laterally; eighth visible as anelliptical plate on each side (fig. 178). Appearance of female hypo-pygium from rear as in figure 179.Length, 18 mm.Eolotype.?Female, Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia, August 12,1920, in heavy forest with dense undergrowth, J. A. G. Rehn (Ac.Nat. Sci. Phila.).
ABT. 1 AMERICAN FliOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 111GHILIANELLA APICULATA, new species.Male.?General color dull blackish, pale vestiture unusually abun-dant, patch at anterior end of metathorax crossing the notum, pubes-cence on top of abdomen arranged in lines; beak, frontal andhypopygial spines pale yellow to reddish, spiracles concolorous; sixthtergite with a slight prominence on middle of hind margin ; sternumwithout keel; sternites 4-6 more or less emarginate medianly andsinuate laterally, this feature becoming more pronounced posteriorly
;
seventh sternite broadly emarginate medianly, eighth about trans-verse; ninth with supero-posterior angles prominent, extending asfar posteriorly as base of hypopygial hook (fig. 180), the latter ante-riorly and upwardly directed, the apex bent forward, divaricate,and apparently otherwise modified.Length, 27 mm.Holotype.?Male, Blanton Mine, north of San Christobal, Repub-lic of Dominica, July 26, 1919, Harold Morrison (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26745, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA ICA, new species.Male.?Color castaneous, chiefly dark", scarcely relieved by palemarkings. Frontal process mammiform; head and thorax scarcelygranulate- Seventh tergite narrowed gradually from middle to nearapex, then rather abruptly pointed, transversely corrugated on pos-terior half. Seventh sternite rounded emarginate medianly, almoststraight laterally; eighth nearly straight posteriorly, spiracle mod-erately pedicellate; ninth rather long, opening upward, a littleelevated along hind margin which is produced between the claspers,where it bears the anteriorly directed somewhat curved process,which is a little widened and slightly concave at apex; claspersoblong, beveled off on lower side at apex.Length, 28 mm.Holotype.?Male, Rio lea, Crevaux, 1880 (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA PACHITEA, new species.Male.?Differs from pascoei Bergroth in having the ventral spineson fore femora and the one between the bases of antennae darkbrown instead of stramineous; also the spine between bases of an-tennae is much stouter and a little shorter than in pascoei; the crossstriation of abdominal sternites is much finer than in that species,and the hypopygium is as in figure 181.Length, 22 mm.Holotype.?Male, Pachitea, Peru (Bueno).
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 07GHILIANELLA COLONA, new species.Male.?Similar in general to G. aracataca, but the pubescence ofhead and thorax less abundant and none of it pollinose; abdomengradually widening to seventh segment, which differs from that ofaracataea as described in key ; eighth sternite almost straight on hindmargin, the spiracles conspicuously pedunculate.Length, 22 mm.Holotype.?Male, Don Diego, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia (Car-negie Mus.). A nymph with same data probably is this species.GHILIANELLA BETHEI Dohrn.Ghilianella bethel Dohrn, A. Nachtrage, 1S63, pp. 68-70 [Bogota].Female.?Fuscous, relieved by ochraceous spots and clouding; legbands faint. Head and thorax distinctly granulate, short pale pu-bescence rather abundant, that of abdomen shorter and less plenti-ful. Frontal spine pale, decurved. Abdomen widening to apexof fifth segment and narrowing gradually to end, clavate ratherthan bulbous in shape. Fifth tergite with angular dilatations nearhind angles, sixth with a prominent, acute, falcate tubercle ; seventhnearly straight across hind margin, the middle of latter slightlyelevated and with a short pointed tubercle; eighth tergite semi-cir-cular, transversely rugose, but scarcely longitudinally carinate; 9thrather inflated basally, obsoletely rugose, depressed subapically, withthe apical margin rounded and elevated. Sutures between sternitesinclined anteriorly and showing more or less anterior curvaturemedianly; hind margin of seventh moderately angulate, prominentmedianly and slightly concave laterally.Length, 20-22 mm.Cacagualito, Colombia, May; Bonda, Colombia, June (CarnegieMus.).The specimens listed seem to answer well to the original descrip-tion, the only real discrepancy being that none of them show " aslight cross furrow " on the apic'al half of tergite 5. However, thisappearance in Dohrn's specimen may have been due to bending atthe time of capture or to some effect of drying.GHILIANELLA ARACATACA, new species.Male.?Dark reddish-brown, pubescence rather abundant, moreor less pollinose in character anteriorly ; beak yellow-brown, frontalspine whitish, leg bands moderately distinct; abdomen graduallywidened to fifth segment, sixth narrowed, seventh swollen, as thickas fifth; tergites slightly elevated at the middle of their posteriormargins, seventh twice as long as sixth; sternites 2-7 more or lessemarginate apically and sinuate laterally, the sixth most pronounced
art. 1 AMERICAN P1.0IAR1INAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 113in these respects, eighth with a small, triangular median projection,the supero-posterior angles rounded, and the spiracles not conspicu-ously pedunculate (fig. 182).Female.?Similar to the male in color, pilosity somewhat less con-spicuous, pollinosity rather more so; abdomen widest at fifth seg-ment, tapering gradually both fore and aft, tubercle of sixth tergite,projecting posteriorly, bluntly falcate; seventh tergite with 'a straightmedian porrect process extending considerably beyond the promi-nent but not produced lateral angles; eighth tergite rounded tri-angular somewhat broader than long; ninth with the sides convexlysloping apically, the median line keeled and apiculate (fig. 183) ;sternites 2-4 slightly emarginate medianly, and sinuate laterally, en-tire posterior margins of sternites 5 and 6 anteriorly arcuate, thelatter most deeply, this sclerite being a fifth longer on sides thanin middle: seventh sternite concave on sides of posterior margin,with a rather prominent rounded median projection ; eighth sternitevisible as an elliptical plate on each side (fig. 184).Length, 22-24 mm.Tlolotjfpe.?Male and allotype female. Aracataca, Magdalena, Co-lombia, Aug. 6, 1920, in heavy forest with dense undergrowth, J. A.G. Kehn (Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila.)GHILIANELLA CUNEATA, new species.Female.?Yellowish to reddish brown, the leg bands more or lessdistinct, the abdomen marbled with fuscous; pubescence in no wayunusual; abdomen widened gradually to apex of sixth segment, thentapering to apex of seventh ; hind margin of all of the tergites promi-nent medianly, sixth with large slightly falcate tubercle, and theposterior angles a little prominent and expanded; the hind marginof the seventh with a short, median, pointed tubercle which extendsslightly farther posteriorly than the prominent lateral angles ; eighthtergite considerably wider than long, with transverse corrugationsand a central keel which is produced in a point slightly beyond gen-eral line of the posterior margin; ninth tergite much longer thaneighth, somewhat wrinkled transversely, the narrowed apex with abroad prominent keel; sutures between sternites 2-6 slightly anteri-orly directed, that between six and seven quite concave anteriorly;sternite seven about a fourth longer than six on the median line, itshind margin slightly concave laterally, somewhat produced medianly,the extreme apex with a small emargination ; eighth sternite narrowlyvisible on each side.Length, 23-26 mm.Holotype.?Female, Alhajuelo, Panama, April 18, 1911, Aug.Busck; five female paratypes, Porto Bello, Panama, March 16, 1911,
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67Feb. 19, A. Busck; Feb. 17, 1911, E. A. Schwarz; Upper PequiruRiver, Camp No. 3, Panama, A. H. Jennings; Buena Ventura,Panama, March 1911, A. Busck (U.S.N.M.).Type and paratopes.?Female, Cat. No. 26746, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA ASSA-NUTRIX Bergroth.Ghilianella assa-nutrix Bergeoth. Ploeariinen 1906, pp. 314^5 [Venezuela].Male.?General color dark reddish-brown, frontal spine pale; theusual patches of pilosity a little more extensive than in averagespecies, the metathoracic patches contiguous over dorsum, color ofpile in general sordid yellowish, tending to be golden in the denserpatches; in addition to the typical patches there are two smallrounded spots on the posterior margin of each tergite from 2-6,largest on 4; most of the first tergite and adjacent disk of secondalso are covered by a patch of golden pubescence; seventh tergitemore than twice as long as sixth, strongly transversely corrugatedabout the middle, and tapering apically into a long, roof-shaped,pointed process which exceeds hypopygium by more than length oflatter; sternum unkeeled; sutures between sternites directed moder-ately forward ; posterior margin of six and seven rounded emarginatemedianly, and arcuate laterally ; eighth narrow, transverse, spiraclemoderately pedunculate; hypopygium with a terminal, anteriorlyand upwardly directed hook, margin receding and arcuate each sideof this; claspers oblong, bluntly rounded apically (fig. 187).Female.?Color and pubescence as in male. Abdomen wideninggradually from anterior part of second segment to about middle offifth, and increasing in depth, as seen from side, to anterior part ofseventh segment. Hind margins of tergites 1-5 nearly straight, ofsix slightly convex posteriorly, of seven slightly prominent medianly,concave each side of this, with acute divergent lateral processes asdescribed in key; eighth tergite short, semielliptical, depressedmedianly, and with obliquely transverse wrinkling each side of thedepression; ninth tergite longer than eighth, an oblique impressioneach side of middle near base, the median line elevated, especiallynear apex, where it forms a distinct carina joining the raised apicalmargin; the surface near apex is polished, with two subsidiaryoblique ridges each side of the median one. Hind margins of sternitesmore or less concave posteriorly, that of six most so; seventh slightlyconvex medianly, and concave laterally; eighth moderately exposed,the spiracle barely visible from the side.Length, 28-30 mm.Male and female San Esteban, Venezuela, March, 1888, E. Simon(Coll. E. Bergroth). One the type.Two males, San Esteban, Venezuela, Oct.-Nov., 1910, M. A. Car-riker, jr. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). One male, Caracas (CophenhagenMus.).
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIAEIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 115GHTLIANELLA GLADIATOR, new species.Male.?General color dark reddish-brown, pilosity much moreabundant than usual, short, grayish; abdomen widest at fifth seg-ment, tapering gradually both fore and aft ; seventh tergite twice aslong as sixth, with a projection similar to that of assa-nutrix ; allsternites more or less emarginate medianly and arcuate laterally,6 and 7 most pronouncedly so ; eighth varying from slightly emargi-nate to transverse, narrow, spiracle moderately prominent; hypo-pygial spine small, margins not excavated each side of it, clasperslong, narrow, slightly enlarged apically (fig. 188).Female.?General color reddish-brown to blackish ; short, fineyellowish pubescence abundant, much denser than usual on head andthorax, particularly about rear parts of the posterior divisions ofthe latter and on the fourth and fifth tergites ; bulbosity of abdomenrather long, including half of fourth, all of fifth and sixth, andhalf of seventh segments; sutures between tergites 2-7 all nearlytransverse; the ninth tergite is narrowly keeled along the sides, andmore prominently elevated medianly, especially at the narrowedapex; the sutures between sternites 2-5 slope anteriorly, the hindmargin of the fifth is emarginate medianly and arcuate laterally,and that of the sixth concave throughout; the seventh sternite isprominently angulate produced medianly, and the eighth is nar-rowly visible on each side.Length, 24-26 mm.Holotype.?Male, allotype female, and paratype male, Trinidad,March 26, 1916, R. A. Wood. (Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila.)Paratype.?Female, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, F. W. Urich(U.S.N.M.), Cat. No. 26747, U.S.N.M.The latter specimen is accompanied by some eggs (figs. 189. 190)and newly emerged nymphs ; the former are 1.75 mm. in length, withsparse longitudinally arranged, irregular granulations, a nipple-likelongitudinally striate cap, which is surrounded by about 18 delicate,tapered, and finely pointed appendages of the main egg case, theapices of which are bent inward at about the same level as peak ofthe cap (fig. 189). The nymphs are notable chiefly for the surpris-ingly advanced state of development of the thorax and its append-ages, and for the very undeveloped condition of the abdomen ; theyare certainly equipped for capture before digestion of prey.The males and females here listed are associated as one species notonly because of their general agreement in color and form but specif-ically because they share a character unusual in the genus, namely,absence of central keel on meta- and meso-sterni.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67GHILIANELLA STIPITATA, new species.Female.?Much like the same sex of G. filiventris except in shapeof abdomen and details of genital segments. Length of prothoraxand mesothorax as 3 is to 4. The abdomen is smoothly, almost roundclavate, with the fifth segment the largest in all dimensions; tergites4-7 are relatively longer than in fiUventris, the last especially beingdistinctive as described in key (fig. 191). Eighth tergite rather longand narrow, the middle line and margins slightly elevated, apexrounded; ninth tergite longer than eighth, narrowing and roundedapically, the median line, some irregular oblique branches from it,and the apex somewhat elevated. Seventh sternite rather stronglyand acutely produced medianly, concave laterally.Length, 25 mm.Holotype.?Female, Llanos, Venezuela, 1895, F. Geay (ParisMus. )
.
GHILIANELLA SIMILATA, new species.Female.?Much like stipitata in form, but head and thorax de-cidedly less granulate, and the mid and hind femora each with 3pale bands on apical half, instead of unicolorous as in that species.Length of prothorax and mesothorax as 3.75 is to 4. The seventhtergite is as described in key, the eighth nearly semicircular, de-pressed medianly, and obscurely wrinkled; ninth about as long aseighth, but considerably narrower and somewhat tapered posteriorly,margins and median line elevated, apex blunt, slightly convex. Ven-ter as in figure 192.Length, 19-20 mm.Holotype.?And another female, Caracas, Meinert (CopenhagenMus.). GHILIANELLA PENDULA, new species.Ghilianella bulMfera Champion (females) Biologia, vol. 2, p. 171, fig. 18,Oct. 1S9S. [Bugaba, Panama.]Female.?Color varying from yellowish- to dark reddish-brown,the paler specimens have the abdomen more or less variegated withfuscous and the leg bands more distinct; pubescence and granula-tion in no way unusual. Abdomen rather smoothly clavate, widest atfifth and sixth segments (the sixth tergite widest), but the bulbosityincludes the entire sixth segment; posterior angles and middle ofhind margin of segments 4-7 prominent, most conspicuously so onsix where the median elevation is a large slightly posteriorly in-clined cone ; on the hind margin of seventh tergite a small triangularprominence extends slightly farther posteriorly than the prominentbut blunt lateral angles; eighth tergite broader than long, roundedapically, ninth a trifle longer than eighth, narrowed, and the margins
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 117
raised apically, but 8 and 9 with low median keels and more or lesscorrugated ; hind margins of sternites 4-6 emarginate medianly, ar-cuate laterally, the lateral convexity on 6 being almost angulate;seventh sternite a third longer than 6, slightly angulate-producedmedianly ; eighth narrowly visible on each side.Length, 21-24 mm.Holotype.?Female, Cabima', Panama, May 18, 1911, Aug. Busck;paratype female, Alhajuela, Panama, A. H. Jennings; another fe-male without locality.Type and paratype.?-Female, Cat. No. 26748, U.S.N.M.For disposition of males of bulbifcra see page 97.GHILIANELLA APPROXIMATA, new species.Male.?Head, thorax and appendages, bulbosity and hypopygiumpiceous, remainder of abdomen chiefly, frontal spine, anterior tibiaand tarsus, and spines of front femur, yellow-brown or paler. Pubes-cence sordid gray, rather dense and matted over thorax and inpatches elsewhere. Bulbosity formed chiefly by fifth segment, fourthand sixth only slightly involved. Seventh tergite rather long,neither wrinkled nor coarsely punctate as in many species, rathersharply apiculate and slightly surpassing hypopygium. Sternites ofordinary form, eighth almost straight across on hind margin, slightlyconcave laterally, moderately exposed. Ninth sternite long, open-ing upward, claspers oblong, pointed apically.Female.?Generally paler than male, with edgings and much mar-bling of yellow-brown ; legs with usual pale markings. Mesothoraxshorter than in male, but longer than either of its fellow thoracicparts. Bulbosity involving more of fourth and sixth segments, theelevations of fifth tergite more remote from lateral margins than inmale. Hind margin of sixth tergite concave each side the medianpoint, which is about as far produced posteriorly as the roundedlateral angles; hind margin of seventh tergite of similar shape,declivous each side of median prominence; eighth tergite semi-cir-cular, low carinate medianly and radiately corrugated each side inbest developed specimen; ninth longer, narrowed and notched atapex, the margins elevated above the disk which has three coarsetransverse wrinkles. Eighth sternite broadly exposed, angles eachside the median cleft are thickened, pointed, black, and with a tuftof long golden hairs.Length, 24?25 mm.Holotype.?Male, Kurrenabaque, Bolivia, Oct. 1921; allotype fe-male, Huachi, Bolivia, 1922; another fejinale Corenda, Bolivia, 1921,and two males, Huachi, Bolivia, Sept. 1921, W. M. Mann (U.S.N.M.)
.
Type, allotype, and paratypes.?Cat. No. 26749, U.S.N.M.
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol. 67GHILIANELLA GLOBULATA, new species.Ohilianella ignorata Champion, Biologia, vol. 2, pp. 170-171, pi. 10, figs.15-16, 1898 [Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama], not of Dohrn, Emesina,1860, pp. 238-9, pi. 1, figs. 9-11 [La Guayra and Brazil].Male.?Color dark reddish-brown, sometimes with irregular darkmaculations, legs and antennae without pale annuli or sometimeswith markings as described for female; head and thorax stronglygranulate; segments 2-4 of abdomen slender, widening graduallyto apical fourth of fourth, which is abruptly expanded, bulbositycomposed chiefly of the fifth segment which is about three timesas wide as anterior part of fourth; fifth tergite angulate dilated atabout middle of sides, margin receding abruptly behind the dila-tion; sixth segment about half as wide as fifth, the tergite roundedemarginate posteriorly ; seventh tergite about twice as long as sixth,projecting considerably beyond hypopygium, strongly transverselycorrugated, and with a conspicuous central keel on posterior half.Sixth sternite with a rather deep rounded median emargination,seventh emarginate, both medianly and laterally, eighth transverse,narrow; hypopygium inflated, with a slightly projecting, moderatelylarge terminal hook, the tip of which is concealed between the ob-long claspers (fig. 194).Female.?Color somewhat paler, front femora with two partialbands, mid and hind femora with two bands and a subapical spot,and hind tibiae with subbasal spot, pale; the abdomen is stouterthroughout, the fourth and fifth segments in particular being broaderand more involved in the bulbosity ; sixth tergite slightly emarginateand a little elevated in the middle behind; seventh tergite equallybut only slightly prominent; eighth tergite about a third shorterthan ninth, the latter transversely wrinkled and longitudinally keeled,depressed on each side of keel apically; fifth sternite shallowly andsixth more deeply emarginate posteriorly; 7th with a short roundedprojection; eighth sternite visible as a narrow elliptical plate on eachside.Length, 23-26 mm.Holotype.?Male, Cacao Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala,April 9 ; allotj^pe female, same locality April 23, 8 male and 4 femaleparatypes, same locality, March 27, 29, 30, April 2, 7, 15, 18, 22, 26,29, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber ; 1 male paratype, same localityJune, 1907, and 1 female Nov.-Dec, 1906, G. P. Goll; 1 female,Polochi River, Guatemala, March 22, Barber and Schwarz, 1 male,La Ceiba, Honduras. Jan. 24, 1916, F. J. Dyer (U.S.N.M.) ; 1 female,Yurimaguas, Peru, June 14, 1920, H. S. Parish (McAtee).Type, allotype, and paratypes.?Cat. No. 26750, U.S.N.M.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 119Nymphs.?Several nymphs presumably of this species are at handfrom Cacao, Trece Aguas, March 27 to April 2G. There is a ratherprominent triangular elevation on the middle of the hind margin ofeach tergite, that on the seventh being most prominent and angularlyprojecting; the lateral angles also are tuberculate prominent; theeighth and ninth tergite roofing the anal tube of the female haveonly suggestions of the corrugations and keels they later acquire.GHILIANELLA PATRUELA, new species.Male.?Color dark reddish brown, pale markings of legs merelysuggested; granulations of head and thorax nearly obsolete, a fewsmall ones on sides of mesothorax; abdomen about as in strigata,lacking the wartlike elevations, however, and the suture between thefourth and fifth tergites is straight across, instead of posteriorlyconvex as in that form; all sternites rounded emarginate medianly,arcuate laterally, the posterior ones more pronouncedly so; hy-popygium rather long, the posterior margin bisinuate on each side,the lower angle conspicuous but by no means so much so as in strigata,the more slender genital hook arising from within the angle anddirected posteriorly and upwards, the apex simply truncate ; claspersand fifth sternite as described in key (fig. 194).Length, 20 mm.Holotj/pe.?Male, San Carlos, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf.(U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26751, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA RECONDITA, new species.Color reddish-brown to pitchy-black, legs and antennae withoutpale annuli, spines of fore tibiae yellowish; spine between antennaealso yellowish, and with an enlarged base; head, and thorax dis-tinctly granulate.Male.?Segments 2-4 of abdomen very slender, the fourth abruptlyexpanded apically, forming anterior fourth of the bulbosity; thelatter composed chiefly of the fifth segment which is greatly ex-panded, the sides elevated and forming rather pointed tuberclessomewhat behind the middle ; sixth segment posteriorly only a thirdas wide as fifth and somewhat shorter; seventh tergite almost twiceas long as fifth, acuminate apically and projecting somewhat beyondhypopygium (fig. 195) ; seventh sternite slightly emarginate at themiddle of hind margin, eighth half as long as the seventh.Female.?Segments 2-4 of abdomen less slender, the fourth notso abruptly expanded, about half of sixth segment involved in thebulbosity (fig. 196) ; seventh tergite slightly bisinuate apically, the
120 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67posterior lateral angles and median convexity not at all prominent;eighth tergite about as long as ninth, the latter not especially modi-fied apically, that region being only slightly impressed medianly;fourth and fifth sternites broadly but shallowly emarginate at themiddle of hind margin ; seventh sternite slightly angulated at middleof hind margin; eighth sternite narrowly visible on each side ofhypopygium.Length, 18-20 mm.Holotype.?Male, allotype, female, and 3 paratypes, 2 males and1 female from Minca, Magdalena, Colombia, 2,500 feet, July 24?25,1920, and 1 paratype male from Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia,dense undergrowth, J. A. G. Kehn (Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.).GHILIANELLA PERIGYNIUM, new species.Male.?Similar to recondita in many respects, but longer and withmore abundant grayish-yellow pile; general color reddish-brown,connexivum of segments 2-4 narrowly pale ; hypopygium much as inrecondita, claspers differing as described in key (fig. 197) ; seventhsternite more deeply emarginate and sixth sternite also with a broad,deep median emargination.Female.?Similar in color to male, tending to be somewhat palerwith dark mottlings; structure about the same as in female ofrecondita, eighth tergite not depressed medianly near apex and thelatter somewhat flaring or upturned and notched medianly, while itis rather rounded off in recondita; hind margin of seventh sterniteconcave laterally, convex medianly, with a slight emargination at theextreme apex.Length, 23-28 mm.Holotype.?Male, allotype female, and one paratype female, Pachi-tea, Peru (Bueno). GHILIANELLA SIGNATA, new species.Female.?General color dark reddish brown, shading to blackishon distal parts of legs and abdomen ; head and thorax unusually freefrom granulations, some present along dorsal carinae of mesothorax;pile pale tawny, distribution on head and thorax about typical,aggregated into scattering minute tufts and regularly arranged largepatches on abdomen, a pair of latter on posterior margin of fourthtergite, and a pair covering postero-lateral angles of fourth, fifth,and sixth sternites; bulbous expansion of abdomen including fifthsegment, posterior third of segment 4, and anterior third of segmentC; lateral elevations of segment 5 somewhat posteriorly directed, alittle wrinkled dorsally and bluntly falcate; segments 6 and 7 con-jointly elevated at middle of suture, the elevation surmoimted by aminute nipple on 6; tergite 7 a little longer than 6, hind margin
akt. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 121
moderately prominent medianly and laterally, thus being slightlybisinuate; eighth tergite much broader than long, broadly roundedapically, strongly corrugated and keeled ; ninth tergite pale basally,with broad, rounded, low, pale side margins; disk dark, corrugated,and keeled, the apex narrowed and bent so that it is at right anglesto general plane of tergite (fig. 198) ; ventral sutures little special-ized; hind margin of seventh sternite slightly angulate-producedmedianly, concave laterally; eighth sternite rather broadly exposedeach side, the spiracle, however, only barely visible, the hind margindeeply rounded emarginate medianly.Length, 25 mm.Holotype.?Female, Hacienda Cincinnati, Sierra San Lorenzo,Magdalena, Colombia, Trail to Vista Nieve, 4,500-4,700 feet, July 21,1920, J. A. G. Rehn (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) ; female paratype, VistaNieve, Colombia, Dec. 16, 1922 (C. Carriker).GHILIANELLA STRIGATA, new species.Male.?General color yellowish-brown, legs with faint yellowishannuli in the standard positions; the head and thorax are only ob-soletely warty, almost smooth; the mesothorax and the metathoraxwith a few warts on the sides; abdomen abruptly expanded at pos-terior third of segment 4, segment 5 widest, the tergite with roundedelevations laterally ; segments 2-5 each with a wart-like elevation onmiddle of hind margin, most conspicuous on 4; segment 6 rapidlytapering to about half width of 5 ; tergite 7 half again as long as 6,transversely corrugated posteriorly, moderately acuminate and ex-tending slightly beyond hypopygium; sternites 6-8 rounded emar-ginate medianly, arcuate laterally, the eighth about a third as wideas seventh, the spiracle conspicuously pedunculate; ninth sternitelongest on lower half, which forms apically a prominent roundedangle from which arises the long anteriorly and upwTardly directedgenital hook, the apex of which is bluntly trilobate; claspers andfourth sternite as described in key (fig. 199).Length, 22-23 mm.Holotype.?Male, San Carlos, Costa Rica; paratype male, CostaRica, Schild and Burgdorf (U.S.N.M.).Type and paratype.?Cut No. 26752, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA SUBGLOBULATA, new species.MaU.?Practically a copy of globulata except in the followingparticulars. Pedicel of abdomen is shorter and thicker, each of seg-ments 2-4 being shorter than width of bulbosity which the corre-sponding segments of globulata equal ; sixth tergite not longer thanwide at base, while it is distinctly longer in globulata. Ninth sternitenot opening so nearly posteriorly as in globulata, the hook higher
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM vol.67therefore, and less easily distinguished ; claspers oblong, incurved attips, each with a distinct rounded subapical notch in upper margin.Female.?Females assigned to this species are still closer dupli-cations of globulata than is the male, for the reason that the abdomenis short and the segments of the same proportions as in that species.The only tangible difference is that the posterior angles of seventhtergite are distinctly produced beyond median part of hind marginwhich is merely convex and not at all tuberculate.Length, 19-21 mm.Holotype.?And one other male, allotype female, Venezuela, Noual-hier, 1898 (Paris Mus.) ; two other females, Maraeaibo, Venezuela,Wibske (Copenhagen Mus.).Two teneral and damaged females which may belong here havethe prominences of fifth tergite more conspicuous, projecting dis-tinctly beyond sides of abdomen. If assignment to the presentspecies is correct the indication would be that these prominencesmay undergo a reduction from the condition attained in thenymphal or teneral state in the processes of ecdysis or hardening.The data for these specimens is Venezuela, one collected by G. Fal-lon, 1895, the other by Noualhier 1898 (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA UNCINATA, new species.Male.?Color dark reddish-brown, head and thorax with moreabundant short, semipollinose hair than usual in the genus; legswith faint pale bands disposed as in last species; abdomen a littlestouter than in allied species, about a third of segment 4, and abouthalf of segment 6 involved in the bulbosity; tergite 5 widely angu-larly emarginate anteriorly, tergite 6 almost transverse posteriorly,with a small rounded elevation on middle of hind margin; seventhtergite about half again as long as sixth, faintly corrugated, withoutkeel but more or less apiculate, extending little if any beyond hypo-pygium. Sternites all more or less angulate emarginate posteriorlyand sinuate laterally, the former condition most marked on 7, thelatter on 6; eighth sternite plainly visible, shallowly rounded emar-ginate; ninth sternite long, straight, rather trough-like, terminatingin a large, prominent hook; claspers oblong, narrowed above sub-apically, the apices turned inward and slightly upward (fig. 200).Length, 21-25 mm.Holotype.?Male, Trinidad Rio, Panama, March 29, 1912, A.Busck; paratype males same locality March 23, November 2, 5;Cabima, Panama, May 18, 1911; Alhajuelo, Panama, April 15, 1911;Porto Bello, Panama, March 10, 13, 1911; April 21, 1912, all A.Busck; last locality, Feb. 17, 1911, E. A. Schwarz; and no date, A. H.Jennings, 12 in all (U.S.N.M.).Type and paratypes.?Cat. No. 26753, U.S.N.M.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 123GHILIANELLA ATRICLAVA Bergroth.GMlianella atriclava Bergroth, E. New Neotropical Ploeariinae. Psyche,vol. 18, No. 1, Feb., 1911, pp. 19-20 [French Guiana].Body in general yellow-brown, bulbosity and legs piceous, thelatter practically without pale markings. Frontal spine pale, short,decurved. Abdomen long pedicillate, increasing but slightly inthickness from base to posterior third of fourth segment which ab-ruptly expands and together with the fifth and sixth segments formsan almost globular expansion beyond which the short seventh seg-ment projects but little. Elevations of fifth tergite large, subacute,compressed, longitudinal^ ridged; sixth and seventh tergites veryshort, the latter transversely corrugated on the apical half, which isshort acuminate; ninth sternite short, opening upwards, the claspersoblong, the upper posterior angles truncate.Length, 24 mm.Male, French Guinana (Coll. E. Bergroth). The type.GHILIANELLA FILIVENTRIS Spinola.Ghilianella ftUventris Spinola, M. Generi Insetti Artroidignati, 1852, pp.143, 144 [Para].Dohrn 19 describes and illustrates a species of Ghilianella as filiven-tris Spinola and it is upon this work that the present identificationis based. Certainly the males before us are the same species thatDohrn figured ; discrepancies in color from what he described are nota matter for concern in this genus. The specimens agree also withSpinola's description and some of them are from the type locality.The association of sexes here made is based on examination of aseries of 18 specimens from the same locality collected at the sameseason, the genitalia of a number of which show evidences of recentuse.Male.?Color chiefly dark reddish (one specimen has peduncleyellowish) ; head and thorax copiously granulate; fine, shortpubescence plentiful on head and thorax, sparse on abdomen andlegs. Abdomen reaching the greatest degree of pedunculationseen in any species, segments 2, 3, and most of 4 forming a stalk ofalmost uniform diameter, the apex of fourth segment abruptly ex-panded, and together with the fifth and sixth forming a globularexpansion which on account of the shortness of the seventh segmentseems almost to terminate the abdomen (fig. 201) ; this is the onlyspecies observed to have ridged prominences near posterior anglesof the sixth as well as on the fifth tergite; the seventh tergite hasthe basal portion almost square, this tapering rapidly into a shortmore or less upturned apiculation, slightly surpassing the hypopygium
19 Emesina, 1860. pp. 237, 238. pi. 1, figs. 8, 10.
124 PKOCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 67(fig. 202). Sternites 5, 6, and 7 are shorter than in less bulbousspecies and each is broadly emarginate medianly; the ninth sterniteor hypopygium is short and opens upward; the claspers are short-oblong, narrowed apically. Fore leg and its armature as in fig-ures 203, 204.Female.?In color like the male, with a greater tendency, how-ever, to yellowish spotting or marbling; granulation and pubescenceabout the same. The abdomen widens gradually from base to apexof fourth segment, from which point to end of seventh the width isnearly uniform; it is thus a veiw good illustration of the clavateform: the median line of tergites is slightly elevated, subapicallythe lateral margins of tergite 6 tend to project beyond the commonlateral outline of abdomen, and the hind margin of tergites 5 and6 is bisinuate, the slight median angulation and the lateral anglesprojecting about equally posteriorly; hind margin of the seventhtergite slightly concave, with a distinct small median tubercle;eighth tergite almost semicircular, radiately wrinkled; ninth trun-cate cuneate, the base faintty transversely corrugated, the apex raisedmedianly, more or less concave distally, sometimes faintly longitudi-nally ridged ; the hind margins of sternites 2 and 3 are emarginatemedianly, those of 4, 5, and 6 are nearly simply concave; that of7 is convex medianly and slightly concave laterally; and the ex-posed portions of 8 are elliptical.Length, 23-27 mm.Santarem, April-July 1919, S. M. Klages; Chapada, Para, allBrazil (Carnegie Mus.) ; a male labelled Amazon, Stevens (Stock-holm Mus.) ; two females Itaituba, Amazon, Brazil, Noualhier, 1898;three males, Para, and one Amazonas, Noualhier, 1898 (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA MIRABILIS, new species.Male.?Head and thorax moderately granulate; pubescence short;color castaneous, varying in depth, but without definite pale mark-ings anywhere ; frontal spine porrect, sharp, stramineous. Abdomenterete and of nearly uniform diameter from base to posterior fourthof fourth tergite which expands abrupt!}7 to form anterior wall ofbulbosity. The largest component of the latter is the remarkablyhorned fifth segment described in key (figs. 205, 206), but the sixthsegment is wholly included and the seventh is so short that thebulbosity is practically terminal. Seventh tergite an approximatelyequilateral triangle (fig. 207), corrugated transversely, and elevatedand apiculate distally. Hind margin of the fourth sternite witha shorter and deeper median, and broader but shallower lateral con-cavities ; fifth deeply concave, thus being very short on median line
;
sixth also deeply concave but of about same length in middle as on
'sides; seventh longer, with a short but distinct median emargina-
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 125tion; eighth sternite barely visible; ninth short, strongly curved,opening upward; claspers oblong, narrowed apically.Female.?Similar in general to male, but showing traces of paleleg markings, and abdominal marblings. Abdomen from base toand including fifth segment like that of male, the horns of fifthtergite shorter however (fig. 208) ; bulbosity much longer than inmale, due to greater length of sixth and seventh segments whichmay be said to form part of it. Hind margin of seventh tergitewith the median point and lateral angles slightly more prominentthan intervening portions; eighth semicircular; ninth much longer,cuneate, faintly corrugated basally and striate apically, the apexrounded, margin slightly thickened (fig. 209). Sternites up to 6inclusive of about same shape as in male, seventh much longer onmedian line than fifth and sixth together, the hind margin some-what convex medianly and slightly concave laterally ; eighth broadlyexposed on each side.Length, 27-29 mm.Male holotype, female allotype, and a teneral male, Rio Autuz,Amazon, Roman (Stockholm Mus.).GHIILIANELLA PERUVIANA, new species.Female.?Dark castaneous, pubescence short and inconspicuous;head and thorax rather strongly granulate ; central region of tergiteswith a percurrent ridge ; a strong blunt tubercle at hind margin of6 ; seventh with the hind margin nearly straight, bevelled off medianlyon each side of the fairly prominent apex of longitudinal ridge;eighth tergite semicircular, considerably depressed medianly, with alow carina in the depression; ninth tergite tapering rather rapidly,rounded and slightly emarginate apically; with indistinct corruga-tions and no prominent longitudinal or marginal ridges.Length, 22 mm.Holotype.?Female, El Campamiento, Col. Perene, Peru, June21, 1920, Cornell University Expedition, Lot 569 (Cornell Univ.).GHILIANELLA ANNECTENS. new species.Emesa angulata Uhleb, P. R. Heteroptera of St. Vincent, Proc. Zool. Soc.Lond., pp. 717-8, Nov. 21, 1893 [Panama specimens in part].Female.?Testaceous, more or less variegated with fuscous andwashed with rufous; thorax and head decidedly granular; pu-bescence sparse; abdomen widening gradually to apex of sixth seg-ment, seventh somewhat narrower but nearly parallel-sided ; tergiteswith a percurrent nodulose median ridge, becoming more prominentposteriorly and culminating in a large backward sloping tubercleon hind margin of tergite 6; posterior angles of tergites 3-6 pro-gressively elevated and expanded, thus interrupting the lateral out-
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 6Tline of abdomen as seen from above (fig. 210) ; seventh tergite almoststraight across hind margin, the lateral angles slightly prominentand the median line near apex with a small recumbent tubercle whichscarcely projects beyond the medianly depressed hind margin ; eighthtergite broadly elliptical, wrinkled transversely and with a mediankeel which is elevated posteriorly and forms a small projection onhind margin; ninth tergite twice as long as eighth, with sinuatetransverse wrinkles, a low median keel, the sides elevated and toothedposteriorly, the apex narrowed, depressed and black in color (fig211) ; sutures between sternites while not greatly modified have atendency toward median emargination and lateral sinuation; 6 ismore concave behind and 7 somewhat produced medianly and con-cave laterally; an elliptical, vertically ridged and horizontallywrinkled portion of eighth sternite visible on each side. Arma-ture of fore femur as in figure 212.Length, 20 mm.Holotype.?Male, Panama, Scudder (Uhler Collection, U.S.N.M.).Type.?Male, Cat. No. 26754, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA TRUNCATA, new species.Emesa angulata Uhler, P. R. Heteroptera of St. Vincent, Proc. Zool. Soc.Lond., pp. 717-8, Nov. 21, 1893 [Panama specimens, in part].Very similar to the preceding; ninth tergite differing as noted inkey; eighth with the median keel not projecting behind posteriormargin (figs. 213, 214).Length, 21 mm.Holotype.?Female, labelled Emesa angulata Uhler, Panama(U.S.N.M.).Type.?Cat. No. 27091 U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA (PLOEODONYX) INSIDIATRIX Bergroth.Ghilianella insidiatriw, Bergroth, E. Konowia, vol. 1, pp. 219-220, August 20,1922 [French Guiana].Male.?Head and body dark, legs and antennae paler castaneous;front femora with 2 pale bands across the spined portion ; antennaepale at base; mid and hind legs with faint pale annuli. Frontalspine short but pointed and decurved; head and thorax practicallywithout granulation but prothorax is obsoletely rugulose; tuberclesof pronotum each side of neck rather prominent, also a pair on hindmargin; divisions of thorax successively shorter posteriorly.Pubescence golden, short and sparse in general, but aggregated indense patches as follows: Posterior lobe of head above (front lobealso of more than average hairiness), top and sides of front end ofpronotum, top and sides of thorax at sutures between meso- andmeta-thoraces, and between metathorax and abdomen ; upper surfaces
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARIINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 127
of mid and hind coxae, first termite, series of blotches practicallyforming a ring about abdomen at front of fourth segment, and simi-lar patches or indications of them on following two segments. Ab-domen widest about middle of fifth segment, holding its width wellposteriorly, but narrowed considerably anteriorly especially segment2; a slight elevation on the ampliate posterior angle of each tergite,and on middle of hind margin of sixth; median strip of dorsumwith a series of squarish depressions; seventh tergite obsoletelyridged, wrinkled transversely on posterior half, narrowed in round-ing fashion then abruptly apiculate, apex projecting slightly beyondhypopygium. Sternites of ordinary shape, seventh shallowly emargi-nate medianly, nearly straight laterally, eighth well exposed andbroadly convex medianly, retreating laterally but not covered byseventh, spiracle moderately pedunculate ; ninth sternite rather long,opening upward; claspers oblong, not narrowed apically. Fore legand its armature as in figures 215, 216.Length, 21-22 mm.Holotype.?Male, French Guiana [Coll. Bergroth]. Other malespecimens: Bourdonville, French Guiana, R. Benoist, August, 1914;Lunier River, Tumac Humac Mts., French Guiana, 1898, F. Geay;Napo River, Upper Amazon, 1899, Sarkady (Paris Mus.).This series shows considerable variation in the extent of thepatches of golden hair, and some in thickness of claspers, but theseare not regarded as of taxonomic import.We are accepting the female (allotype from French Guiana, ex-amined by us) assigned to this species by Bergroth. His specimensof this sex apparently were collected at the same time and place asthe males and probably are of the same species. However, amongthe three species of females of this group we have examined, one (f/la-brata) agrees better in structural characters with the male insidia-trix than does the specimen from Bergroth's collection. All of thefemales differ considerably from the male in characters other thanthose used in defining the subgenus. The frontal spine is muchblunter, there are no patches of golden hair, and the leg markingsare much fainter.The allotype from Bergroth collection is pale castaneous, with thehead and thorax almost free from granulations. The hypopygiumis as described in key; the following details may be added: Thereis no longitudinal carina in the depression of tergite 8 ; and the apicalmargin of tergite 9 has on each side two ridges which are confluentmedianly. Length, 25 mm.GHILIANELLA (PLOEODONYX) AMICULA, new species.Female.?Description in most particulars would read like that ofinsidiatrix, from which the present species differs chiefly by hypo-
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67pygial characters as described in key; eighth tergite is moderatelylong, squarish apically, with subobsolete radiating ridges.Length, 23.5 mm.Holotype.?Female, Charvein, French Guiana, November, 1914;R. Benoist (Paris Mus.).GHILIANELLA (PLOEODONYX) GLABRATA, new species.A rather dark species with the head and body fuscous and theappendages yellowish to reddish-brown. Head and thorax practi-cally without granulations; pubescence rather sparse, short, palereddish. Central region of tergites nodulose but hardly tuberculate
;
hind margin of seventh tergite slightly concave, with a small medianpointed tubercle. Eighth tergite almost semicircular, strongly trans-versely wrinkled; ninth tergite with a few strong cross wrinkles,tapering rather rapidly, otherwise as described in key.Length, 24 mm.Holotype.?Female, Essequebo River, British Guiana, July, 1921,Aug. Busck (U.S.N.M.).Type.?Female, Cat. No. 26755, U.S.N.M.GHILIANELLA (LISSONYX) ANGULATA (Uhler).Emesa angulata Uhler, P. R. A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera col-lected in the Iskmd of St. Vincent by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, with Descriptions ofNew Genera and Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, pp. 717-718 [St. Vincent,W. I.].Male.?General color yellow-brown, more fuscous on underside ofthorax and hypopygium; legs banded and upper surface more orless variegated with dark-brown; mid and hind femora each withfour dark bands and tibiae with 3, the latter also more or lessdarkened apically ; front tibiae each with one pale band, and femorawith two bands and some pale spots above; head and thoraxwith few and inconspicuous granulations; each succeeding divisionof thorax is shorter than that in front of it; abdomen wideninggradually to juncture of fifth and sixth segments and narrowingas gradually to middle of seventh tergite posteriorly; the posteriorangles of tergites 3-6 are slightly expanded laterally; tergite 7 isdecidedly narrowed about the middle, transversely corrugated andbroadly rounded apically, with a prominent median apiculationreaching about as far posteriorly as any part of hypopygium; hindmargins of sternites 2-5 fairly straight, a little emarginate medianly,that of sixth decidedly so and arcuate laterally, of seventh andeighth on same plan as that of sixth but less pronounced; spiracleof eighth rather pedunculate; ninth sternite elongate, rather com-pressed posteriorly, with a strong anteriorly and almost horizontally
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIARITNAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 129directed apical hook; claspers obtriangular, broadened apically,the angles rounded (fig. 217).Female.?Frontal spine and pronotal tubercles much smaller thanin male, color of head, thorax, and legs paler, the dark markingsmerely indicated, abdomen more heavily maculated with fuscous;posterior angles of tergites 3-6 expanded laterally into rather promi-nent slightly backwardly directed teeth; tergites 4-6 each with atubercle on median line near hind margin; seventh tergite almostparallel-sided, the hind angles but slightly concave, with a smallmedian tubercle; eighth tergite about two-thirds as long as wide,transversely wrinkled and apiculate medianly; ninth tergite trans-versely corrugated, narrowed subapically, the margins raised, thedisk depressed and smooth apically; hind margins of sternites 2-5slightly emarginate medianly and sinuate laterally, of 6 deeplyconcave; seventh sternite nearly twice as long as sixth, the hindmargin convex medianly, slightly concave laterally; eighth sternitebarely visible from side.Male, labelled St. Vincent Island, H. H. Smith. Length 17 milli-meters.Female, labelled Balthazar, Windward Side. Grenada, W. I..H. H. Smith. Length 18 millimeters.The female from Grenada here described, with shorter pronotaltubercles, and with elevations on the hind margins of tergites 4-6,and other differences, may well be a species distinct from the trueangulata of St. Vincent. However, settlement of this question maywell await the availability of more material.APPENDIX 1.GENOTYPES OF THE FABRICIAN GENERA.Certain authors claim that Fabricius indicated types of varioushemipterous genera by repeating generic characters in the specificdescriptions of the so-called genotypes. Much is made also of thefact that in most cases some of the phrases in these descriptions beginwith italicized words.In examining these claims it will be well to state the historicalbackground of the case. Of the various early authors credited withthe selection of genotypes in Hemiptera, Latreille (Considerationsgenerates, etc., 1810) is the only one who asserts his definite inten-tion (l'indication de Pespece qui leur sert de type) and who consist-ently names only a single species to a genus. Lamarck and Laportefrequently .cite more than one species to a genus and are only creditedwith fixing types when they happen to name just one illustration ofa genus. Now it is clear that using the term in the modern sense94993?25 9
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67these last two authors were not selecting genotypes. Because of ex2>ost facto considerations we credit them with so doing when theyaccidentally mention but one species for a genus, but essentially weare putting a false construction on their work. Their system ofciting illustrations of genera was followed by much later authors(as for instance Fieber, 1866) ; Stal who named more genera thanany other hemipterist described many of them without any species,and never made a practice of naming genotypes; Reuter also stilllater paid little or no attention to type designation. In fact consciousselection of genotypes is a comparatively modern development intaxonomy and it is only in the most recent catalogues that an efforthas been made to indicate definite type fixations for all the genera inlarge groups of insects.In the light of these facts what probability is there that Fabriciusin 1803 or earlier as in 1794 (as some authors claim) took action thatwe can consider as genotype fixation? The answer is there is noprobability whatever that such was the case. Going further intothe matter it should be said in this connection that the works ofFabricius have been viewed in an entirely different way than thoseof the other early authors. The latter are credited with type fixa-tion only when they chanced to name a single species as an illustra-tion of a genus or in connection with the description of a new genus.Fabricius had only one such instance in the Systema Rhyngotorum(1803), but in numerous cases he gave a preponderantly structuraldescription of one of the species in a genus (not a repetition of thegeneric characters as has been stated) and in most of these instanceshe italicized the names of the different anatomical parts described.The statistics in the m'atter are: 45 genera are recognized in theSystema Rhyngotorum, of which 30 have species with special struc-tural descriptions, and all but 2 of these have the italicized words.If Fabricius had been intentionally indicating genotypes it is highlyprobable he would have given all the genera uniform treatment : in-stead of only two-thirds of them. Further light can be had bytracing the matter back to the Entomologica Systematica (vol. 4,1794). Kirkaldy finding some of the chiefly structural descriptionsof species in that work logically accepted them as being as good in-dications of genotypes as those in the Systema Rhyngotorum. Otherhemipterists do not agree with him, but the so-called type fixationsin the earlier work stand or fall with those in the later, as they haveexactly the same basis. In both works the descriptions in ques-tions are merely more structural than others (compare genus Mem-bracis for instance), and neither work gives them for all the genera,nor uniformly so far as italicization is concerned.
art. 1 AMERICAN PLOIAMINAE McATEE AND MALLOCH 131The four genotypes accepted by Kirkaldy from the earlier workare here listed with comment on their treatment in the later.1794 1S031. Coreus scapha Given a much shorter though structural de-scription.2. Lygaeus valgus The structural description is transferred to tene-prosus.3. Miris dolabratus No species has a structural description.4. Gerris lacustris Species is transferred to Hydrometra retainingthe structural description.Again we would repeat the question, Does this look like type fixa-tion?, and again we answer, It does not. If Fabricius had been fixinggenotypes he would not have altered his choice from a certain speciesin his earlier to 'another in the later work (2) ; after selecting a typein the former treatise he would not have left a genus entirely with-out one in the latter (3) ; nor would he have attempted to make thesame species serve as type for two different genera (4).It has been asserted that Fabricius somewhere has mentioned hisintention of selecting genotj^pes, and that Fallen says he did, etc. Wehave examined the Philosophia Entomologica, 1778, and there isnothing in it to indicate that Fabricius had any conception of geno-types. He says nothing about selecting types in the Systema Rhyn-gotorum so the requirements of the International Code of Nomen-clature, that type fixation must be definite, are not met. What Fa-bricius or any other 'author may have thought or said subsequent itopublication has no effect on nomenclatorial practice.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUMAPPENDIX 2.SUMMARY OF GENERA AND SPECIES.Genera seen.
vol. 67
Genus synonyms indented.
INDEX
Page numbers in boldface type indicate the principal account of the group concerned.Generic names in parentheses are those of combinations not valid in the sense of thispaper. Pageaberrans, Metapterus 84, 85, 86affinis, Emesa 77Emesaya 77agrippina, Gardena 63,69,73alata (Ploiaria) 23albipennis, Ploiaria 51, 53, 60aliena, Ghilianella 96,98, 106alterata, Ghilianella 95, 98, 107-108alveola, Ghilianella 96,98,104americana, Gardena 67, 69, 69-70, 74amicula, Ghilianella 95, 99, 127-128analis (Emesa) 96Ghilianella 96angulata (Emesa) 99, 125, 126,128Ghilianella 93, 99, 128-129annectens, Ghilianella 95, 99, 125-126annulata (Emesa) 96Ghilianella 96(Westermannia) 38,40annulatus, Emesa 40-41annulipes (Barce) 83,88Metapterus 83, 85, 86, 88-89apiculata, Ghilianella 92, 99, 111approximate, Ghilianella 92, 94, 99, 117aptera (Mantisoma) 84Metapterus 84Ploiaria 51, 53, 66aracataca, Ghilianella? 92,95,99, 112-113argentina (Ghilianella) 96arizonensis (Luteva) 26, 28Stenolemus -. 26, 28-29armata (Ploiariedes) 20armatus, Empicoris 16, 20?21assa-nutrix, Ghilianella 92, 94, 99, 114a triclava, Ghilianella 91, 99, 123australis, Emesaya 79-80Bactrodinae 2Ba.^auda 5Barce 4, 5, 11, 83, 84Bargylia 4banksi, Emesaya 76, 77-78banksii (Barce) 87Metapterus 85, 86, 87barberi, Empicoris 15, 16, 19(Ploiariodes) 19bethei, Ghilianella 94, 99, 112biannulata, Polauchenia 47,48bicaudata, Ghilianella 96, 98, 101-102bispina, Ploiaria 51, 53, 59brachmanni, Deliastes 34, 35
Pagebrasiliensi3 (Emesa) 97Ghiliaoiella 97brevicoxa (Emesa) 77Emesaya 76, 77brevipennis, Emesaya 75, 76, 77, 78-81(Ploiaria) 75,78brunnea (Barce) 87Metapterus 87Ploiaria 52,53,54bulbifera, Ghilianella 97caesonia, Gardena 68, 69, 70californica (Ploiariodes) 17californiensis, Ploiaria 52canadensis (Ploiariola) 18canadensis (Cerascopus) 65Carambis 83Carolina (Emesodema) 58Ploiaria 51, 53, 58-59, 64caspica (Carambis) 83(Emesa) 83Metapterus 83cellularis, Malacopus 11Cerascopus 4, 5chilensis, Lutevopsis 38choctawana (Dmesa) 78, 80claviventris, Ghilianella 91, 98, 109colona, Ghilianella 92, 99, 112concolor (Luteva) 48crispina, Gardena 68,69, 70-71cubensis, Palacus " 11culiciformis (Cimex) 23Empicoris 16, 23-24cuneata, Ghilianella 95, 99, 113-114De)iaste3 9, 10, 12, 34-36denticauda, Ploiaria 50, 53, 63-64difflcilis (Westermannia) 38,46-47diffinis, Emesa 45, 46dohrni, Emesella 11domestica, Ploiaria 48domitia, Gardena 68,69,71Emesa 4, 7, 10, 12, 38-47, 74, 75Emesaria 4, 5Emesaya 6, 10, 12, 74-83Emesella 11Emesodema 48Emesopsis 9, 11, 12, 13Empicoris 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13-25errabunda (Ploiaria) 24(Ploiariodes) 23errabundus, Empicoris 15, 16, 24?25133
134 INDEXPageerraticus (Gerris) 23Eugubinus 5euryale (Ploiariodes) 17eutropia, Gardena 68, 69, 71fairmairei (Emesodema) 52faustina, Gardena 68, 69, 70, 78-74filiventris, Ghilianella 90,91, 94, 99, 128-124fllum (Emesa) 39,78floridana (Luteva) 59Ploiaria 51,53,59fraterna (Ploiaria) 89fraternus, Metapterus 85, 86, 89-90froggatti (Ploiariola) 17galapagensis, Ghilianella 95, 98, 100Gardena 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 66-74gerstaeckeri (Emesa) '. 97Ghilianella 97Ghilianella 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 90-129gibbiventris, Ghilianella 97glabrata, Ghilianella 95, 99, 127, 128gladiator, Ghilianella 93, 99, 115globifera, Ghilianella 91, 98, 99, 110globulata, Ghilianella___ 92, 94, 99, 118-119Gomesius 5granulata, Ghilianella 97Ploiaria 50, 53, 57-58gundlachi (Luteva) 48,56Ploiaria 52, 53, 56hirticornis, Ploiaria 50, 53, 64-65(Ploiariopsis) 64hirtipes (Ploiariodes) J 18Stenolemus 27, 28, 32ica, Ghilianella 92, 99, 111ignorata, Ghilianella 97, 118imbeeilla (Emesa) 97Ghilianella 97immitis, Emesella 11incisa, Emesaya 76, 78insidiatrix, Ghilianella? 93, 95, 99, 126-127interstitialis, Stenolemus 27, 28, 81-32Ischnobaena 4, 5Ischnonyctes 4, 6, 11Loistarcharia 4, 5linearis, Metapterus 83lineata, Emesaya 76, 77, 81Lissonyx 6, 11, 99, 128-129longimanus, Lutevopsis 37-38longipes (Cimex) 77, 78, 80(Emesa) 39,77Emesaya 77(Zelus) 39,77longula, Ghilianella 96, 98, 104Luteva 4, 5, 10, 48, 50, 53Lutevopsis 10, 12, 87-38maerophtlialma (Luteva) 53Ploiaria 52, 53, 53-54maerophthalmus (Luteva) 48,53maculata, Ghilianella 93, 98, 108(Ploiaria) 23,24Malaeopus 4, 11manni, Emesaya 76, 88mansueta (Ploiariola) 20,21mantis, Emesa 38, 39, 40, 41, 74(Gerris) 41(Westermannia) 41
PageMantisoma 84marcia, Gardena 68, 69, 72marginata, Ploiaria 48, 51, 53, 65-66marginatus (Cerascopus) 48,65marmoratus, Emesa 40, 41-42megalops (Ploiariopsis) 49,52melinarthrum, Gardena 66messalina, Gardena 68, 69, 72Metapteraria 4, 5, 6Metapterus 4, 5, 11, 13, 83-90mexicanus, Stenolemus 27, 28, 32-33minimula, Ghilianella 93, 96, 98, 105minor, Emesa 43mirabilis, Ghilianella 91, 94, 99, 124-125modica, Emesaya 76, 81muiri (Phantasmatophanes) 25muscicapa, Lutevopsis 38Myiagreutes 40, 42-43Myiophanes 5, 10,39nebulosa, Emesella 11neglectus, Metapterus 85, 86, 87nubilus, Emesopsis 13nudus, Empicoris 16, 22occidentalis, Emesaya 78, 80-81ornata (Luteovopsis) 36, 37Panamia 86-87orthoneuron, Empicoris 15, 16, 18-19Orthunga 4, 5pachitea, Ghilianella 92, 99, 111Palacus 11,34pallida, Palacus 11Ploiaria 11pallidipennis, Stenolemus 27, 28, 80Panamia 10, 12, 36-87parshleyi, Empicoris 15, 16, 22-28(Ploeariola) 22pascoei, Ghilianella 93, 96, 98, 106-107patruela, Ghilianella 92, 99, 119pendula, Ghilianella 94, 99, 116-117perigynium, Ghilianella 92, 94, 99, 120perplexus, Stenolemus 27, 28, 33persimilis, Ghilianella? 93, 95, 98, 103-104personata, Ghilianella? 93, 95, 98, 108-109peruviana, Ghilianella 95, 99, 125perversa, Ghilianella 96, 98, 110Phantasmatophanes" 25Thasmatoeoris 40, 44pia (Emesa) 78,80pilicornis, Ploiaria 51, 53, 61pilosa (Ploearia) 18pilosus, Empicoris 18pipara, Gardena 68, 69, 72-73Ploearia 5, 49Ploeariodes 14Ploeariola 14Ploeodonyx 6, 99, 126-128Ploiaria 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 48-66Ploiariaria 4I loiariinae 2, 5Ploiariodes 10, 13, 14Ploiariola 5, 14Ploiariopsis 49Polauchenia 10, 12, 47-48pollex, Emesaya 76, 77, 82-83poppaea, Gardena 68, 69, 74praecatorius (Gerris) 39
1NDKX 135Pagepraecellens, Emesa 42-43(Myiagreutes) 42praedator (Ploiariopsis) 49, 52precatoria, Emesaya 82precatorius (Emosa) 38,39,82pristinus, Stenolemus 26, 28, 29-80productilis, Ghilianella? 93, 96, 98, 102-108protentor, Polauchenia 47-48punctipes, Ploiaria 51, 53, 62pyrallis, Gardena 68, 69, 73rapax, Emesa 44, 45-46recondita, Ghilianella___ 92, 94, 99, 119-120reticulata, Ploiaria 50, 53, 63(Ploiariopsis) 63reticulatus, Deliastes 34, 35Empicoris 15, 16, 20Rothbergia 40, 44-46rubromaculata (Ploiariodes) 16rubromaculatus, Empicoris 15, 16-17rufoannulata (Luteva) 57Ploiaria 52,53,57Saicinae 2, 5schwarzi (Stenolaemus) 30Stenolemus 27, 28, 30-31semipallida, Ghilianella 95, 98, 100setulifera, Ploiaria 52, 53, 55-56sicaria, Ploiaria 52, 53, 55signata, Ghilianella 94,99, 120-121signoreti (Emesa) 97Ghilianella 97similata, Ghilianella 94, 99, 116similis, Ploiaria 51, 53, 62simillima, Ghilianella 93, 98, 102simplicipes (Emesodema) 88Metapterus 88sonoraensis (Ploiariopsis) 52
Pagespectrum, Emesa 44(Phasmatocoris) 44spiniger, Stenolemus 27, 28, 88spiniventris, Stenolemus 25, 28spinolae, Ghilianella 97Steuolaemaria 5Strnolaemus 5, 25Stenolemoides 26, 28-29Stenolemus 4, 7, 10, 12, 25-33stipitata, Ghilianella 94, 99, 116stramineipes, Deliastes 34,36strigata, Ghilianella 92, 99, 121subglobulata, Ghilianella 94, 99, 121-122subparallelus, Empicoris 16, 21-22succincta, Ghilianella 96, 98, 105tenerrima (Westermannia) 38, 46testaceus, Emesa 44, 45texana, Ploiaria 52?53Tinna 4, 5truncata, Ghilianella 95,99,126tuberculata (Ploiariodes) 24, 25uhleri (Barce) 86Metapterus 85, 86-87umbrarum, Ploiaria 51,53,60uncinata, Ghilianella 92,99,122uniseriata, Ploiaria 51, 53, 61-62vagabundus (Cimex) 14, 17Empicoris 16, 17-18(Gerris) 13variatus, Stenolemus 27, 28, 81varicornis (Emesa) 101Ghilianella 96, 98, 101varlpennis, Ploiaria 52, 53, 56-57Westermannia 10, 38Westermannias 38, 75white! (Ploiariodes) 14winnemana, Empicoris 16, 19-20
Plate 1.Fig. 1. Emesopsis nubila, fore wing, 3 mm.202. Empicoris rubromaculatus, apex of abdomen of male from below. 0.25mm.3. Empicoris vagabundus, apex of fore wing. 2.25 mm.4. Empicoris orthoneiu'on, fore wing, markings omitted. Apical notchpossibly too pronounced. 2.75 mm.5. Empicoris orthoneuron, male hypopygium from below. 0.2 mm.6. Empicoris winnemana, apex of fore wing. 2 mm.7. Empicoris winnemana, cross-veins of hind wing. 1 mm.8. Empicoris armatus, apex of abdomen of male from below. 0.25 mm.9. Empicoris culiciformis, same from side. 0.25 mm.10. Empicoris culiciformis, hind wing. 2.75 mm.11. Empicoris errabundus, fore wing. 3 mm.12. Empicoris errabundus, apex of abdomen of male from below. 0.25 mm.13. Empicoris errabundus, fore tibia and tarsus. 1 mm.14. Stenolemus arizonensis, fore wing. 7 mm.15. Stenolemus arizonensis, hind wing. 5.5 mm.16. Stenolemus arizonensis, apex of abdomen of male from side. 0.75 mm.17. Stenolemus pristinus, fore leg. Femur 1.8 mm.S?Stigma ; B?Basal discal cell ; D?Discal cell.
20 Since the scale of the drawings varies, length in mm. is given in each case for theobject shown or some definite part thereof.136
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 67, ART. I PL. I
15 16Structural Details of Emesopsis, Empicoris, and StenolemusFor explanation of plate see page 13604!)!>3?25 10 131
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67. ART. I PL.
Structural Details of Stenolemus and MyiophanesFor explanation of plate see page 139L38
Plate 2.Fig. 18. Stenolenius arizonensis, fore tibia and tarsus. 3.5 mm.19. Stenolenius pallidipennis, profile of head and thorax. Length withoutantenna, head to end of pronotum 3 mm.20. Stenolenius pallidipennis, fore leg. Femur '2 nun.21. Stenolenius pallidipennis, fore wing. 7..~> nun.22. Stenolenius pallidipennis, hind wing. .~>.7.~> nun.23. Stenolenius schwarzi, fore winy. 7 mm.24. Stenolenius variatus, basal discal eell of fore winy. 1 nun.25. Stenolenius interstitialis, same. 1 mm.26. Stenolenius hirtipes, fore wing. 7 mm.27. Stenolenius Mrtipes, fore tibia and tarsus. 2 mm.2S. Stenolenius mexicanus, basal discal cell of fore winy. 1.2 mm.29. Stenolenius spiniger, fore winy. (3.5 mm.
?'in. Stenolenius spiniger, profile of head and thorax. Length withoutantenna, head to end of pronotum. 3.5 mm.31. Stenolenius spiniger, thoracic spines in profile. 0.75 mm.
.".2. Stenolemus perplexus, same. 0.75 mm.33. Myioplianes tipulina, fore winy. 13 mm. 139
Plate 3.Fig. 34. Deliastes reticulatus, fore wing. 0.75 mm.35. Deliastes reticulatus, apex of male abdomen from behind. 1 mm.36. Deliastes reticulatus, apex of abdomen of female from behind. 1 mm.37. Deliastes stramineipes, process of hypopygium of male from behind.0.2 mm.38. Panamia ornata, fore wing. 4.75 mm.39. Panamia ornata, head from above. 0.5 mm.40. Panamia ornata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 0.5 mm.41. Panamia ornata, same from behind. 0.3 mm.42. Panamia ornata, hind wing. 4.5 mm.43. Lutevopsis longimanus, fore wing. 5.5 mm.44. Lutevopsis longimanus, head from above. 1.1 mm.45.a Emesa annulatus, fore wing.4G. 2 ' Emesa mantis, same.47. Emesa marmoratus, same. 8 mm.48.a Emesa annulatus, apex of abdomen of female from side.49.a Emesa annulatus. same from behind.50." Emesa mantis, apex of abdomen of female from side.51. 21 Emesa mantis, same, from behind.52. 21 Emesa mantis, head and anterior part of prothorax from above.53. Emesa marmoratus, hind wing. 7.5 mm.
- 1 Figs. 45, 4G, 48, 40, 50, 51, 52, fiom sketches by W. E. China.140
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 3
Structural Details of Deliastes, Panamia, Lutevopsis, and EmesaFor explanation of plate see page 140 141
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 4
68 69Structural Details of Emesa. polauchenia, and PloiariaFor explanation of plate see pace 143142
Platk 4.
Fig". 54. Emesa praecettens, fore winy. 10.5 mm.55. Emesa praecellens, hind wing. '.* nun.56. Emesa spectrum, apex of abdomen of male from side. From type:not measured.57. Emesa rapax, prothorax from side. 2.75 mm.58. Emesa rapax, basal discal cell of fore wing. 2~> nun.59. Emesa testaceus, same. 1.9 mm.60. Emesa diffinis, same. 1.5 nun.61. Emesa diffinis, prothorax from side. 1.5 mm.62. Emesa.' difficilisf, fore wing, from sketch by W. E. China.63. Polauchenia protentor, head and prothorax in profile. 6.75 mm.t>4. Polauchenia protentor. fore femur. 4.f> mm.V>4a. Polauchenia protentor, fore tarsus. 1.1 mm.65. Polauchenia protentor. fore wing, markings omitted. 6 mm.66. Polauchenia biannulata, fore wing. 10 mm.67. Ploiaria macropJithahna, head from above. 1 mm.68. Ploiaria macrophthalma, apex of discal cell of fore wing. 1.5 mm.69. Ploiaria brunnea, head from above. 0.75 mm.70. Ploiaria sicaria, right clasper of male hypopygium. 0.2 mm.71. Ploiaria setulifera, fore wing. 5.5 mm. 143
Plate 5.Fig. 72. Ploiaria gundlachi, head from above. O.S mm.73. Ploiaria varipennis, lore wing, markings omitted. 7 mm.74. Ploiaria varipennis, fore leg. Femur 3.2 mm.75. Ploiaria Carolina, hypopygium male, hind margin. 0.33 mm. wide.76. Ploiaria floridan a, same. 0.3 mm. wide.77. Ploiaria bispina, same. 0.25 mm. wide.78. Ploiaria pilicomis, head from above. 0.66 mm.79. Ploiaria pilicomis, male hypopygium, hind margin. 0.2 ram.80. Ploiaria uniseriata, fore leg. Trochanter plus femur. 1 mm.81. Ploiaria uniseriata. discal cell of fore wing. 1 mm.82. Ploiaria punctipes, same. 1.2 mm.83. Ploiaria punctipes. hind wing. 3.5 mm.84. Ploiaria similis. fore wing. 5.9 mm.85. Ploiaria denticaiida. head from above. 0.66 mm.86. Ploiaria denticaiida, apex of abdomen of male from above, 0.66 nun.87. Ploiaria denticaiida. male hypopygium. hind margin. 0.2 mm.88. Ploiaria denticaiida. apical tergite of female. 0.33 mm. wide.89. Ploiaria denticaiida. fore wing. 4.25 mm.90. Ploiaria hirticornis, apical tergite of female. 0.33 mm. wide.91. Ploiaria hirticornis, male hypopygium. hind margin. 0.25 mm. wide.92. Ploiaria hirticornis, apical tergite of male. 0.25 mm. wide.93. Ploiaria marginata, male hypopygium. 0.6 mm.94. Gardcna americana. fore wing. 8 mm.95. Gardena americana, for tibia and tarsus. 3.75 mm.96. Gardena americana, hypopygium of male, hind margin. 0.75 mm.97. Gardena americana, apex of abdomen of male from above. 1.25 mm.98. Gardena crispina, male hypopygium, hind margin. 0.66 mm.99. Gardena eutropia. hypopygial clasper of male. 0.2 mm.100. Gardena marcia, same. 0.15 mm.101. Gardena pipara, same. 0.15 mm.102. Gardena faustina, male hypopygium, hind margin. 0.75 mm.103. Gardena faustina, hypopygial clasper of male. 0.1 ram.104. Gardena poppaea, male hypopygium, hind margin. 0.75 mm.105. Gardena domitia, same. O.S mm.106. Gardena domitia, hypopygial clasper of male. 0.1 mm.107. Gardena messalina, apex of abdomen of female from below. 0.G6 mm.144
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 5
100 '0'Structural Details of Ploiaria and GardenaFor explanation of plate see page 144 145
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 6
126 130STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF GARDENA AND EMESAYAFOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 146146
Plate 6.10S. Gardcna crispina, apex of abdomen of mule from above. 1.25 mm.109. Gardena domitia, same. 2 nun.110. (lard) an domitia, apex of abdomen of female from below. <>.:;:', mm.111. Gardena eutropia, apex of abdomen of male from above. 2 mm.112. Gardena tnarcia, same (?.?"> nun.113. Gardena caesonia, apex of abdomen of female from below. 0.75 mm.114. Gardena poppnea, apex of abdomen of male from above. 1.25 mm.115. (tunicmi fa uxt hut. same. 1.25 mm.116. Emesaya banksi, apex of abdomen of female from above. 1.1 mm.117. Emesaya banksi, same from side. 1 mm.118. Emesaya incisa, apex of abdomen of male from below. 0.5 mm.119. Emesaya incisa, same from side. 1.25 mm.120. Emesaya incisa, hypopygial clasper of male from above. 0.66 mm.121. Emesaya brevipennis, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2.2 mm.121(/. Emesaya brevipennis, same from below. 0.75 mm. wide.122. Emesaya brevipennis, hypopygial clasper of male from above. 0.5mm.123. Emesaya brevipennis, apex of apical tergite of female. 0.6 mm. wide.124. Emesaya brevipennis, apex of abdomen of female from side. 1.25mm.125. Emesaya brevipennis, egg. 2.1 mm.126. Emesaya brevipennis, occidentals, apex of abdomen of female fromabove. 1.1 mm.127. Emesaya lineata, same. 0.66 mm.128. Emesaya modica, same from side. 0.5 mm.129. Emesaya modica, same from above. 0.5 mm.130. Emesaya apiculata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1.0 mm.131. Emesaya apiculata, hypopygial clasper of male. 0.5 mm.131a. Emesaya apiculata, apex of abdomen of female from above. 0.Smm.1316." Emesaya precatoria, male from above.131c.'-' 2 Emesaya precatoria, male hypopygial process from behind.132. Emesaya apiculata, apex of abdomen of female from side. 0.8 mm.132<7. Emesaya poller, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1.25 mm.133. Emesaya poller, hypopygial clasper of male. 0.2 mm.134. Emesaya polio-, apex of abdomen of female from side. 1 mm.135. Emesaya poller, apex of last tergite of same from above. 0.2 mm.136. Emesaya brevipennis, fore tibia and tarsus. 4 mm.137. Emesaya brevipennis, fore wing. 10.5 mm.138. Emesaya brevipennis, hind wing. 10 mm.
--From sketclips supplied by William Lundbeck. 147
Plate 7.
Fig. 130. Metapterus fraterna, head from side. 1.25 mm.140. Ischnonyctes, species, head and prothorax in profile. 2.S mm.141. Metapterus fraternus, section of fore tarsus showing ventral arma-ture. 0.33 mm.142. Metapterus fraternus, fore wing-. G.5 mm.143. Metapterus fraternus, hind wing. 6 mm.144. Ischnonyctes, species, fore leg except coxa. Femur 3 mm.145. Metapterus annulipes, fore tibia and tarsus. 1.9 mm.146. Metapterus uhleri, fore leg except coxa. Femur 1.8 mm.147. Metapterus aberrant:, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1 mm.14S. Metapterus uhleri, apical tergite of female from above. 0.6 mm.149. Metapterus uhleri. apex of abdomen of female from below. 1.2 mm.150. Metapterus uhleri, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1 mm.151. Metapterus uhleri, hypopygial hook and apices of claspers of malefrom rear, 0.2 mm.152. Metapterus neglectus, male hypopygium from behind. 0.7 mm.153. Metapterus neglectus, hypopygial hook from side. 0.2 nun.154. Metapterus neglectus, apical tergite of female from above. 0.9 mm.155. Metapterus banlcsii. male hypopygium from behind. 0.7 mm.156. Metapterus annulipes, apex of abdomen of female from below. 1 mm.157. Metapterus annulipes, apex of male abdomen from side. 2 mm.158. Metapterus annulipes, hypopygial hook of male from behind. 0.15 mm.wide.159. Metapterus annulipes, hypopygial clasper of male. 0.6 mm.160. Metapterus fraternus, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1.8 mm.161. Metapterus fraternus, hypopygium of male from behind. 0.8 mm.162. Metapterus fraternus, apical tergite of female from above. 0.8 mm.163. Metapterus fraternus, egg. 1 mm.104. Metapterus fraternus, same, cross section. 0.3 mm.148
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 7
.52 "' '50Structural Details of Metapterus and IschnonyctesFor explanation o- plate see page 148 14!)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PI
IS3 179Structural Details of Ghilianellafor explanation of plate see page 151150
Plate S.
Fig. 165. Ghilianella, species. Head in profile. Aboul 2 nun.166. Ghilianella, species. Section of fore tarsus showing ventral annature. About <>..", nun.KiT. Ghilianella galapagcnsis, fore leg except coxa. Femur .'!.<> nun.16S. Ghilianella galapagensis, section of fore femur. About 0.2 nun.lti'.t. Ghilianella bicaiidata, apex of abdomen of female from above. 5.2 mm.170. Ghilianella persimilis, apical tergite of male from above. 2.."> mm.171. Ghilianella persimilis, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2 mm.172. Ghilianella persimilis, apex of abdomen of female from behind.0.8 mm.17-">. Ghilianella longula, same. 1 mm.17 1. Ghilianella alveola, same. 1 m.175. Ghilianella pascoei, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1.lT? mm.17<>. Ghilianella pascoei, apex of abdomen of female from side. 4 mm.177. Ghilianella personata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2 mm.ITS. Ghilianella perversa, apex of abdomen of female from side. 5.5 mm.17!). Ghilianella pcrrcr.su, same from behind. 1.25 mm.180. Ghilianella apiculata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2. mm.1S1. Ghilianella pachitea, same. 1.8 mm.182. Ghilianella aracataca, same. :j mm.is:'.. Ghilianella aracataca, apex of abdomen of female from behind.1.1 mm.184. Ghilianella aracataca, same from side. 2.2."> nun.is.".. Ghilianella maculata, fore leg except coxa. Femur 6.2 mm.1S6. Ghilianella maculata, section of fore femur. 0.5 mm1ST. Ghilianella ussa-nutrix, apex of abdomen of male from side.4.7."? mm.1S8. Ghilianella gladiator, apex of abdomen of male from side. -?'. mm.189. Ghilianella gladiator, egg. 1.6 mm.190. Ghilianella gladiator, same, cap. 0.2 nun.191. Ghilianella stipititata, abdomen of female from below. 6 nun.192. Ghilianella similata, same. 4.75 mm. 1.11
Plate 9.Fig. 193. Ghilianella globulata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 3.25 mm.194. Ghilianella patruela, same. 3 mm.195. Ghilianella recondita, same. 1.9 mm.196. Ghilianella recondita, apical portion of abdomen of female fromabove. G mm.197. Ghilianella perigynium, apex of abdomen of male from side. 1.5 mm.19S. Ghilianella signata, apex of abdomen of female from behind.1.25 mm.199. Ghilianella strigata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2.25 mm.200. Ghilianella uncinata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2.5 mm.201. Ghilianella filiventris, abdomen of male from above, in mm.202. Ghilianella filiventris, apex of same from side. 3.5 mm.20.".. Ghilianella filiventris, fore ley except coxa. Femur 5.5 mm.204. Ghilianella filiventris, section of fore femur. 0.7 mm.205. Ghilianella mirabilis, apex of abdomen of male from side. 6 mm.long. 5 mm. high.206. Ghilianella mirabilis, same from behind. 5 mm. across points.207. Ghilianella mirabilis, apical tergite of male from above. 0.S mm.208. Ghilianella mirabilis, apex of abdomen of female from side. 6 mm.209. Ghilianella mirabilis, same from behind. 1 mm.210. Ghilianella annectens, apex of abdomen of female from above. 6 mm.211. Ghilianella annectens, same from side. 1.5 mm. high.212. Ghilianella annectens, section of fore femur in front of basal spine.1 mm.213. Ghilianella truncata, apex of abdomen of female from side. 1.25mm. high.214. Ghilianella truncata, same from behind. 1.25 mm. high.215. Ghilianella insidiatrix, fore leg except coxa. Femur 7 mm.216. Ghilianella insidiatrix, section of fore femur. 1 mm.217. Ghilianella angulata, apex of abdomen of male from side. 2 mm.
1 52
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 67, ART. I PL. 9
211 214Structural Details of GhilianellaFor explanation of plate see page 15204903?25 11 153o