PROCEEDINGSOF THEUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.1 879.NOTTS 0?i TSBE NESTS ANO 1ECC5.6} OF TDIK Fn?EffT NORTH AMEKICAIVSI?ECaE? OF EITIPIOONAC'ES.By T. m. BREWEK.Ill the following- paper are given the measurements of all the eggs ofthe eight species of Empidonax that are in iha collections of the Smith-sonian Institution, and also those in my own, and also a few others.Three of these species, E. mininms, ohscwrus, and hamniondi, so f\ir asis known, have eggs that are uniformly of an unspotted white. If everspotted, they are so very rarely and so very slightly as hardly to con-stitute really an exception. In another species, flaviventris, of which,so tar as I am aware, only five or six well-identified sets have been se-cured, at least two well-identified sets have been taken that are entirelyof an unspotted white color, the others being all more or less spottedand marked. All the remaining four species, traiUii, acadicus, jiKsilhis,and difficiUii, have eggs strongly marked, though, among them all, eggsare occasionally found that are of an unspotted white, or marked withvery minute spottings. In the following brief mention I chiefly con-fine myself to the size of each egg, its locality, and the authority for itsidentification, if the record has been preserved.Empidonax hammondi, Baiid.Four eggs in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (:N"o. 1G81),from Blue River, Colo., Edwin Carter, measure .02 x .52; .GO x .54; .02X .52 ; .04 X .53, averaging about .02 x .53*T. M. B.'s cabinet Xo. 1021. Anderson River. MacFarlane. .07 x .52
;
.08 X .51.
,
The first set is smaller and more rounded than average eggs of E.m i It huus, hut they are otherwise indistinguishable. None are spotted.Empidonax obscurus, Baird.Smithsonian Xo. 15875. Utah. Ridgway. .71 x .55. Ground-coloran immaculate dead white.Smithsonian No. 13592. Austin, Nev. Ridgway. .72x.55; .74:X.55.Smithsonian No. 2335. Dodge Valley, Utah. McCarty. .70x.55;
.72 X .5-1. *I am indebted for these measurements to Mr. J. A. Allen.Proc. Nat. Mus. 79 1 AsJfi'iS S9, 1 8 79.
Z PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.T. 31. B. Ko. 999. Arizona. Dr. Palmer. .7G x .58 ; .77 x .54.T. M. B. Xo. 1760. Utah. Eidgway. .75 x .58 ; .70 x .54.Greatest length .77, least .70 ; greatest breadth .58, least .54. Gen-eral average of all the examples .73 x .55.Empiclonax difficilis, Baird.Smithsonian Xo. 17593. San Franeisco, Ca^. Samuel Ilubbard. .70X .52 ; .05 X .50 ; .08 x .50 ; average .08 x .51. The ground-color of thesethree examples is a creamy white, almost a dead white, and they arechiefly spotted around the larger end with markings of a brownish redand a few faint spots of lavender. The color of the markings of this sethas no resendjlance whatever to those of 13440 {U. Jfai'ircntri.s) whencarefully compared.T. M.B. No. 605. Monterey, Cal. Dr. Canfleld. .76 x .59; .74 x .59.Spotted with light-brown markings, on a creamy ground, the markingsbeing exclusively around the larger end.T. M. B. No. 2900. Santa Cruz, Cal. William A.' Cooper. The femaleparent was shot by Mr. Cooper, and was sent to Washington for identi-fication. The nest was in a hollow in a bank, covered with roots andbushes. Incubation just begun, May 4, 1878. .09 x .50; .69 x .51; .70X .52 ; .69 x .52. These four eggs, as indeed nearly all of the eggs of thisspecies that I have ever seen, are conspicuously marked with vivid lightreddish-broA^Ti spots. In three of this set they are chiefly on the largerend ; in one the markings are distributed over the whole egg. Ground-color a creamy white.T. M. B. No. 2959. Nieasio, Marin County, Cal. C. A. Allen. Thefemale parent was shot by Mr. xVllen and identified by Mr. Bidgway.
.70 X .53 ; .70 x .54 ; .05 x .54 ; .70 x .55. Marked with large bright red-brown spots, chiefly about the larger end. This nest was also built ina cavity.T. M. B. No. 2728. Santa Cruz, Cal. Geo. H. Keady. Sent me asJE. jiusillus, but evidently a wrong identification. The nest Avas on ahorizontal sycamore limb, ten feet from the grouiul. .08 x .55 ; .70 x .57
;
.70 X .57 ; .08 x .58.T. M. B. No. 2800. Haywood, Cal. Dr. J. G. Cooper. May 25, 1877.
.70 X .55 ; .70 X .55 ; .60 x .55 ; .08 x .52. The last-mentioned cg<^ is of avery nearly unspotted white.T. M. B. No. 3053. Santa Cruz, Cal. Geo. II. Beady. April 22, 1877.Nest on the lower limb, at the extremity, of a sycamore, ten feet abovethe ground. .00 x .52 ; .05 x .53 ; .07 x .53. These eggs are, with hardlya doubt, those of -E7. <7/^c?7/.?, though mistaken by Mr. E. for 2)usillus.Their ground-color is pure creamy white. The spots are few, small, andof a more than usually faint brown, disposed in rings around the largerend, the residue of the eg'^ being unspotted.In 24 examples, the greatest length is .76, least .65, average .69 ; great-est breadth .59, least .50, average .54.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6Enipidonax pusillus, Cal>anis.Siuitlisoiiian No. 10305. Snake Eiver. Merriam. .76 x .52; .75 x .50.Sinitlisoiiian No. 15210. Parley's Park, Utah. Eobt. Eidgway. .77X .55 ; .70 X .55 ; .78 x .57.Sinitlisoniau No. 15207. From the same. .04 x .49 ; .70 x .51 ; .04 x .52.Smithsonian No. 12DS2. Sacramento, Cal. Eidgway. .70 x .52 ; .74X .55 ; .70 X .54 ; .70 x .52.Smithsonian No. 8543. Vanconver Ishind. Hepbnrn. .74 x .55.T. M. P>. No. 9()0. Northern California. Hepburn. .72 x .5S ; .73 x
.oS ; .73 X .59.T. M. B. No. 2119. Lake Koskonong, Wis. Tlinre Kumlien. Bothparents secured. .08 x .52 ; .71 x .54.By the kindness of Mr. II. W. Henshaw I am enabled to give themeasurements of two sets of eggs taken by him near Honey Lake, Cal., inthe summer of 1878, June 25. The tirst set of three eggs has an un-usually i)inkish tinge to the cream-colored ground, and around the largerend is a beautiful wreath of markings of a light lilac-brown blendingwith others of reddish brown. These eggs measure .75 x .55; .74 x .58;
.78 X .59.The other set of four eggs have a nearly jiure Avhite ground, and aremarked around the wider portion of the egg with small red-brown anda few lilac-brown spottings of a rounded shape. The rest of each egg,including the larger end, has an unspotted surface. One egg has only avery few very fine dottings, and is very nearly pnre white. Their meas-nrements are .09 x .55 ; .08 x .54 ; .70 x .55 ; .71 x .58.All the eggs of this species have a certain family resemblance, whichit is easy to recognize at sight, but very difficult to describe distinguish-ingly. They are all more or less marked with small, rounded spots,rarely blotched, and the markings are, some of them, much more minutethan is usual in any other species. The spots are also scattered moreabout the entire egg, or, if confined, are chiefly on the larger portion ofthe circumference, and never, or certainly rarely, confluent.Mr. Henshaw informs me that he has examined at least twenty-fivenests of this species {piisiUus), and that with only one exception theyhave all been built in willows. The nest before me, taken by Mr. H.near Honey Lake, June 25, 1877, is a well-woven structure, made of thinstrips of the inner bark of deciduous trees, broken bits of dry grasses,lichens, &c., and is lined with fine grasses and hair.^ It is pyramidal inshape, tapering to a point at the base, and is 4J in external height and31 in external breadth. The cavity is two inches deep. It containedthe set of four eggs referred to above.The exception referred to by ]Mr. Henshaw was a nearly completednest of this species, found June 17, that was placed in a crotch of aswinging grape-vine. Its structure is said to have been unusually neatand firm for a Flycatcher's. (Wheeler's Eeport, 1870, p. 255.)
4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Empidonax traillii, Baird.Smitlisoman Ko. 403G. East Bethel, Vt. C. Paiue. .74 x .52 ; .74 x
.52; .70X.53; .73 x .52.Smithsonian No. 7330. Fort Eesolution. Locldiart. .80 x .57 ; .75X .55 ; .73 x .55 ; .72 x .55.Smithsonian Xo. 8859. The same. .80 x .55 ; .80 x .55.Smithsonian No. 4052. Three Eivers, Canada. Ivcilcoii'. .79 x .57.Smithsonian No. 4395. Great Slave Lake. Loeldiart. .79 x .57 ;
.74 X .55.Smithsonian No. 1229. Williamstown, Mass. Hopkins. .70 x .53;
.70X.55; .72X.54.Smithsonian No. 1819. Winnebago, 111. .70x.55; .GSx.55. This setis an almost nnspotted white.T. M. B. No. 412. Gorham, N. H. T. M. B. .73 x .49.T. M. B. No. 413. E. Bethel, Vt. Taine. .70 x .50; .72 x .49.T. M. B. No. 438. Coventry, Yt. Knight. .70 x .52.T. M. B. No. 1978. Catskill Monntaius, N. Y. Dr. James C. Merrill.
.72 X .53 ; .70 x .52. One of these is very nearly an nnspotted white.T. M. B. No. 1000. Coventry, Yt. .75 x .57.T. M. B. No. 2G32. Milan, N. H. Weleh. .79 x .GO; .79 x .GO.T. M. B. No. 3054. Eandolph, Yt. Prince. .75 x .58; .72 x .55; .73X .57.Empidonax flaviventris, Baiid.Smithsonian No. 13219. Halifax, N. S. Do^\nies. Eeceived withparent. .74 x .53. Of a nniform dead chalky white. The other eggsof this set measnred .73 x .55 and .75 x .54.Smithsonian No. 13440. St. Stephen, N. B. Geo. A. Boardman.Parent secured and identification perfect. The nest is small; had beenbuilt in a low bush; its breadth internally is 1.90 inches, depth 1.25;external diameter 3 inches, depth 1.75. It is cojistructed of Hax-likefibres, fine shreds of the inner bark of deciduous trees, a few finegrasses mingled with feathers, and lined with horse-hair, downy feathers,and tine grasses. The eggs measure .75 x .54; .75 x .53; .70 x .55.Their original nundjer was four. They have a ground-color of a purewhite, with blotch-like spots on the larger end, of purplish drab andumber-brown, mixed with scattered black markings, but without a tingeof red, and are unlike any other eggs of this genus that I have everseen.T. M, B. No. 41G. Centre Harbor, N. H. T. M. B. .70 x .50; .74 x
.58; .07 X .55. One of these unspotted; two of them marked with smallspots of purple drab.T. M. B. No. 418. Habfax, N. S. Downes. .09 x M. This egg andthe two others in this set were of a nearly pure chalky white, with afew faint spots, so slight as, at first, to be overlooked. The parent se-cured and sent with the eggs. I exclude from this list the set securedby me in Grand Menan, referred to below, as, although the identifica-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5tion was apparently satisfactoiy, it was not placed beyond donbt bysecuring the parent. The eggs averaged .68 x .03. Neither in size,shape, nor in the shade of ground-color, did they at all resemble anyfresh eggs of E. minimus that I have ever seen.In these ten specimens, the greatest length is .70, the least .07, aver-age .73; the greatest breadth is .58, the least .53, average .55.Since the above was written, my friend Mr. Wm. A. Jeffries has pro-cured for me, through the courtesy of Mr. Deane, the measurements ofthe four eggs procured by the latter in Maine, and described by Mr.Purdie. These measure .70 x .55; .70 x .55; .05 x .52; .70 x .55, and re-duce the average to .72 x .55. The eggs are described by Mr. Jeffries asof pure white ground, with markings in two eggs of line dots; in theothers, small irregular blotches, of a light red-brown, not so deep or sobright as in difficUis; mingled with these are a few markings of lilac.The ground-color appears to have lost the rosy tint mentioned by Mr.P. in the first description, in which, too, no mention is made of the lilac-colored spots.Through the kindness of Mr. Osborne I have also been enabled toexamine one of the eggs contained in the nest of this species found byhim in Grand Menan. It measures ,70 x .50, and agrees exactly withthe description given by him, except that there is a slight roseate tingein the white ground. The spots are a light reddish brown, and the egg-is undistinguishable from several eggs in my collection of E. difficUis.It is very different from the eggs identitied by Mr. Boardman.Mr. Osborne writes me that none of this set differ more than yf^ intheir measurements, and that in their color the only points in which anydiffer from the one described are the lighter shade of the ground-colorand the larger size of the blotches.Empidonax acadicus, Bairil.Smithsonian No. 10039. Maryland. Slack. .77 x .57.Smithsonian ISTo. 3430. Marion County, W. Ya. Morgan. .07 x .57;
.08 X .52; .08x.55; .75 x .53; .74 x .50; .70 x .50; .07 x .57; .08x52;
.08 X .53', .75 X .53; .74 x .50; .70 x .50.Smithsonian No. 2018. Philadelphia. Mcllvame. .70 x .58; .71 x.50.Smithsonian No. 1959. Locality not given. .75 x .55; .72 x .57.Smithsonian No. 2128. Northern Georgia. Dr. Gerhardt. .77 x .57;
.77 X .59.Smithsonian No. 13470. Locality not given. .70 x .55.Smithsonian No. 17007. Washington, D. C. H. W. Henshaw. .74 s
.54; .70 X .55; .72 x .55.Smithsonian No. 1081. Halifax, Ya. .82 x .55.T. M. B. No. 2735. Staten Island, N. Y. S. D. Osborne. June 5,1875. .81 X .00; (nearly unspotted) .80 x .59; .79 x .59.T. M. B. No. 1010. Indiana. Geo. Welch. .78 x .58; .78 x .00; .77 x
.59; .75X.58.In these 31 examples the greatest length is .82, the least .07, the mean
b PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
.74; tlie greatest breadth .GO, least .52, average .50. The eggs of thisspecies uniformly have a groimd-color of a creamy white, or a deepcream-color, and when fresli have a slight roseate tinge. In a few in-stances the markings are almost, though never wholly, wanting. Theeggs of this species so closely resemble those of trailUi as to be indis-tinguishable; but they may be readily told from those of j>?A'i7??s.Empidonax minimus, Baiid.The ground-color of the eggs of this species, as a general ride, is aluiiform unsi)otted white, a creamy white when fresh, fading into a deadwhite when long exposed to the light and air. In one set of two eggs,both examples are faintly marked with dark or blackish-brown spots.In all the other instances I have seen where eggs of this species seemedto be spotted, the markings have had rather the api)earance of stainsthan genuine natural characters.Smithsonian IsTo. 3771. Lynn, Mass. Welch. .65 x 48 ; .06 x .50.Smithsonian No. 12770. E. Windsor Hill, Conn. Dr. Wood. .64 x
.48 ; .65 X .50 ; .64 x .50 ; .65 x .50.Smithsonian Ko. 8715. The same. .66 x .51; .G5 x .50; .67 x .50;
.65X.50; .66 X.53.Smithsonian No. 16677. Pembina. D. Gunn. .67 x .49 ; .60 x .50
;
.66 X .48.Smithsonian No. 10485. Fort Eesolution. Lockhart. .63 x .47 ; .65 x
.50 ; .65 X .48.Smithsonian No. 8861. . The same. .09 x .50; .09 x .49; .08 x .48.Smithsonian No. 2193. Eandolph, Yt. Paine. .07 x .52.Smithsonian No. 15030. Eacine, Wis. Dr. Hoy. .00 x .50 ; .01 x .51.Both of these examples are slightly spotted with a very dark or black-ish brown.Smithsonian No. 0212. Port Eesolution. Lockhart. .70 x .52 ; .05 x
.51 ; .03 X .52 ; .07 x .52 ; .07 x .52.Smithsonian No. . Pembina. D. Gunn. .00 x .52; .05 x .51;
.03 X .52 ; .04 x .50.Smithsonian No. 14562. Lynn. Welch. .62 x .50 ; .64 x .51 ; .65 x
.49 ; .65 X .49.Smithsonian No. 1854. The same. .62 x .52 ; .65 x .52; .60 x .52.Smithsonian No. 2985. Sing Sing, N. Y. .64 x .52.Smithsonian No. 13447. Calais, Me. Boardman. .64 x .52 ; .65 x .49
;
.64 X .51 ; .65 x .48.Smithsonian No. 1973. Connecticut. Dr. Wood. .62 x .49 ; .70 x
.50 ; .57 X .48.Smithsonian No. 4097. Great Slave Lake. Lockhart. .63 x .51;
.63 X .50 ; .05 x .50 ; .02 x .51.T. M. B. No. 240. New Britain, Conn. Moore. .00 x .49 ; .02 x .52.T. M. B. No. 1202. Lynn. Welch. .04 x .50 ; .00 x .50.T. M. B. No. 220. The same. .00 x .52 ; .05 x .50 ; .64 x .50 ; .64 x .50.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.T. M. B. 1^0. 3055. E. Bethel, Yt. Prince. .03 x .49
.50 ; .01 X .50 ; .01 x .50 ; .05 x .50.In these 01 examples the extreme length, in two instances, is .70, theleast .57, and the mean .01: EECAPITULATIOK.
Emp. hammoiiE. obsciiius. . -E. difficilis....E. pusilluvSE. trailliE. flavivcntrisE. acailirus ...E. minimus . -
.
5 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.the coutraiy, accepts tliem as genuine eggs of flavivcntris in bis recentreport (p. o-44), whatever may be tbeir resemblance to those of E.minima ; and he so accepts them stilL* In fact, there is no more reasonAvhy we should reject the identification of these nests and eggs, than forour refusing to credit the statements of Messrs. Osborne, Purdie, andUeaue. In either case the identification was complete, and the differ-ences in the nest, if of any real moment, tell as much against the one asthe other. Mr. Boardman's and Mr. Downes's birds were submitted toProf. Baird, and have had his verification in addition.In June, 1850, I met with a nest which I then had no doubt belongedto this species. It was in a low bush on Grand Menan, near the water.My nephew H. E. Storer, then a lad of sixteen, was with me. Bothparents were seen, and the male was carefully observed through a goodglass; the female, when first seen, was on the nest; a male, apparentlj'its mate, was near by. Unfortunately, in the attempt to secure one ofthe parents, it was missed, and the birds became so wild that neithercould be secured. We were obliged to leave the island and to take thenest without further identification, but we had no doubt as to the iden-tity. The eggs were white, not cream-color, more oblong and hirgerthan the average eggs of E. minima.A few weeks later, the same year, I received, among other nests andeggs, collected near Halifax by Mr. Andrew Downes, two nests and twosets of eggs, with the parent of each, of Jlavivenfris. The parents weresent to Prof. Baird, and by him identified as E. flariventris. Therewere no notes as to the position of these nests; they were mere collec-tions of broken grasses, and it is not improbable they had been built inhollow places. There was, at least, nothing to show to the contrary.Their autjienticity there is no reason to question. The following sum-mer a nest with three eggs and its parent were taken in Centre Harbor,two of the eggs being spotted. The same summer Mr. Boardman pro-cured the nest, four eggs, and the parent bird referred to above as nowin the Smithsonian collection. These eggs do not at all correspond, inthe color of their markings, to the descriptions gi\'en of the sets foundin 1S7S.Entire reliance cannot be placed upon mere differences in the con-struction of nests to prove difference of species. However remarkablethis may bo, it is anything but conclusive. It will be seen that justthe same differences are noted in the descriptions of the nesting ofE. (liffwiUs. While two are noted as built in holes in banks, correspond-ing with those of the recent examples of Jfaviventris, others were builtnear the extremities of sycamore limbs ten feet from the ground. Mr.J. A. Allen (B. K O. C. iii, p. 25) speaks of the E. acadicm building anuich ruder nest than E. minimus, and most probably the specimensbefore him justified his conclusions ; but my experience would lead meto reverse their relative positions. In fiict, both of these species varygreatly in their architecture, the Acadian most of all, and no one, but*But see these Proceedings for 1878, p. 425, footnote.
?
11. R.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9for liis positive knowledge of tlieir specific identity, could suppose thata certain fiat platform-nest of one pair ; the deeply-hollowed nest, withits remarkable border of chevaux de fris, of another; and, again, thebeautiful pensile nest, like a Yireo's, of a third, were all nests of thissame species acadicus.The differences in the color of the eggs identified as those of fari-ventris are, i^erhaps, more unusual and remarkable, certainly to theirextent. Here are two well-identified sets, those from Halifax, of anunspotted white ; another set, but slightly spotted ; then Mr. Board-man's set, strongly marked, but very differently from the eggs belong-ing to the two most recently identified nests. The eggs of hammondiand ohscurus are plain white, and no record exists of any spotted ex-ample of either. The same is almost equally true of yninimHS. In sixty-one eggs, only two are found with even faint spots; but this exceptionmay show the possibility of there being more variations than we arenow aware of. Among the eggs of difficilis a single specimen occurs ofvery nearly unspotted white. The same is true of one egg of E. jnmllus.Among the eggs of E. traillU unspotted eggs are comparatively morecommon. Among my eggs of E. acadicus there is also one very nearlyan unspotted white. So that these variations in nests and m colorof eggs cannot be received as necessarily conclusive as against suchpositive identifications as those of Mr. Boardman's and Mr. Downes'sexamples.If we take the product of the average length multiplied by its aver-age breadth at the point of the largest diameter as a proximate testof the relative size of the eggs of each species, we find the followingresult
:
Acadicus 4144Obscurus 4015Traillii 3096riaviventris 3900Pusillus 3930Difficilis 3720Hammondi 3328Minimus - 3200Since the above was in type, Mr. Charles A. Allen of ^^icasio, Cali-fornia, has furnished me with some very interesting and apposite noteson the nidification of Enipidonax difficilis, demoniiinxtiug the remarkablevariations that may exist in regard to the position and structure of thenests of one and the same species of biixls. After mentioning that hehas taken and identified some forty or fifty nests of this species, he adds:
'' I find E. difficilis breeding in all situations. Sometimes I find themon the curled root of a tree on the banks of a stream or brook, not oversix inches above the water; again I find them in the jagged end of somehalf-submerged log in mid-stream; again within the loose V?ark of atree, no matter what kind, nine or more feet up; again I find them in a
10 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.cavity in some decayed tree or limb, or in any kind of depression thatgives a base to begin to work on. I also find them in out-honses, orbnildings removed from dwellings, on the rafters, or on any spot wherethey can stick their nest. They are also very common under bridges,and I have found fonr built in the forks of small trees, some four or livefeet up. These were all the same veritable E. diffici-Us.^^A JLIST OF EIROIPEAN FISHES HIV THE COI.IL.EC TBON OF THEl\^ITEl> STATES NATIOi^'AL JTirSElTlTI.By TARI.ETOIV H. BEAN.About 350 nominal species are mentioned. Since the list is intendedsimply to facilitate the exchanges between tlie United States NationalMuseum and uuiseums iu Europe, no attempt has been made to distrib-ute the names in accordance with the latest knowledge concerning theclassiflcatiou and specific identity of the species iu question. The namesgiven to them by those who presented them are, with few exceptions,retained.One species {Gasferosfeus Blancliardi, Sauvage), which was describedfrom specimens sent to Paris fiom Boston, United States, is referred toGasierosteus imngiiius^ Linn. ( := Fygostciis occidcnfaliSj (C & V.) Breevort),with which it is identical.The numbers at the left are those of the National Museum Catalogiie;those at the right were attached to the fishes when they were received.Ckss, PISCES.Order, PLECTOGXATHI.Family, Tetrodontid^.Tetrodon marmoratus, Ranzaui.102U8. Canaries. Vienna Museum. (14.)Family, BalistidvE.Monacanthus filamentosus, Val.10217. Canaries. Vienna Museum. (31.)Order, LOPHOBBAXCniI.
Hippocampus brevirostris, Cuv.21122. La Pvochelle. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris. (22.)Hippocampus comes, Cautor.211C3. Madagascar. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris. (03.)