Invertebrate Zoology, 2007. 4(1): 1-14 ? INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2007 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
(Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Tegastidae) 
from Spitsbergen in the Arctic Ocean 
Frank D. Ferrari\ Pavel V. Rybnikov^, Hans-U. Dahms^ 
' IZ/MSC; MRC-534, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill 
Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, U.S.A. 
^ P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia 
^ National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine Biology, 2 Pei-Ning Road, KEEIUNG, 
Taiwan, 202 
ABSTRACT: Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Tegastidae) is reported 
from Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen (Svalbard) in the Arctic Ocean. The morphology of adult females 
and males is redescribed. Specimens from Ny Alesund are similar to Norwegian specimens 
collected by Sars from Eggesbones and Alesund, as well as to published descriptions of specimens 
of this species by Chislenko (1967) from the White Sea. Specimens from Ny Alesund, Eggesbones 
and Alesund differ from published description of the species collected in the Gulf of Maine 
(McAlice & Coffin, 1990) by the shape of the extension of the genital somite plus 6th thoracic 
somite of females, the spermatophore reservoir of males, and several limbs. This is the first detailed 
description of the mouthparts of T. nanus and the first report of a harpacticoid copepod from 
Spitsbergen. 
KEY WORDS: systematics, morphology, phytal, Harpacticoida, Copepoda, Crustacea. 
riepeonMcaHiie Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
(Copepoda: IHarpacticoida: Tegastidae) c apxunejiara 
LUnMM6epreH B CeeepHOM JleAOBMTOM OKeane 
O.fl. ct>eppapM\ n.B. PBIGHMKOB^, FaHC-y. flaMC^ 
' IZ/MSC; MRC-534, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver 
Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, U.S.A. 
^ Hncmumym OKeanonozuu UM. TI.II. Uluptuoea PAH, MocKea, Poccun 
^ National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine Biology, 2 Pei-Ning Road, KEEIUNG, 
Taiwan, 202 
PE3IOME: Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Tegastidae) oxMeneH B 
CcBepHOM JleaoBHTOM oKcane y apxHoenara UlnHuGepreH (paiioH Ny Alesund). HepeonHcana 
Mop(|)oiiorHH Bspocntix caMOK H caMuoB 3Toro BH^ia. 3K3eMnjiHpti H3 lUnHuGepreHa CXO^KH C 
3K3eMniiapaMH, coGpanntiMH CapcoM y 6eperoB HopBernx (Eggesbones H Alesund), H 
cooTBeTCTByioT onncaHHK) axoro BH^ia H3 Benoro Mopa (^HcneHKo, 1967). 3K3eMnjiHpi.i, 
coGpaHHBie y 6eperoB lUnHuGepreHa H HopBernn, oxuHHaioTCH OT onHcanHx /laHHoro BH/ja H3 
3aiiHBa Man (McAlice & Coffin, 1990) (|>opMOH Bbipocxa reHHxaiiBHoro coMHxa caMKH, cpocmeroca 
c 6-M xopaKanBHtiM COMHXOM, (JjopMofi BLipocxa reHHxantHoro coMHxa caivma, necymero 
2 F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
cnepMaTo4)op, H neKOTopbiMH KoneHHocTHMH. B ^laHHoii pa6oTe BnepBtie jinsi T. nanus aaexcH 
onHcaHHe Mop(|>oiiorHH poTOBtix KOHeHHocxeH, H coo6maeTCH o ero naxo/iKe y apxHnenara 
IIInHLi,6epreHa. 
KJIIOHEBLIE CJIOBA: cHcxeMaxHKa, Mop(J)OJiorHH, (jjHxajii., Harpacticoida, Copepoda, 
Crustacea. 
Introduction 
The harpacticoid copepod genus Tegastes 
Norman, 1903 is one of six genera in Tegas- 
tidae. There are 38 nominal species of Tegastes, 
all distinctive in their laterally compression and 
ventrally protruding cephalosome. Species of 
Tegastes are encountered infrequently and rel- 
atively little is known about their biology. Dur- 
ing a survey of the marine fauna of Spitsbergen, 
an island archipelago (75?-85?N; 10?-30?E) in 
the Arctic Ocean, three specimens of Tegastes 
nanus Sars, 1904 were washed from red algae 
collected in the harbor of Ny Alesund. Here we 
redescribe females and males of T. nanus from 
Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen, and compare these to 
Sars's Norwegian specimens from Eggesbones 
and Alesund, Norway. 
Materials and methods 
Samples of the red alga Ceramium sp. from 
the rocky shore of Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen 
(78?33'N, 12?E) were taken during July 1998. 
The algal thalli were washed and the wash water 
passed through a 42|am sieve. Specimens re- 
tained in the sieve were then fixed in 4% form- 
aldehyde solution and subsequently transferred 
into glycerin for slide preparation. Specimens 
of Tegastes nanus were observed with a Leitz 
Diaplan microscope using phase contrast at 
1250x magnification for preliminary observa- 
tions and for the line drawings. Systematic ac- 
counts were compared with Bodin (1997) and 
amended. One female (# 31032) and one male 
(#31031) are deposited in the collection of the 
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt/a.M. Germa- 
ny. The specimens studied by Sars' cannot be 
located because he did not designate type spec- 
imens of this species or label a vial as new 
species. However, vial F20359 with one female 
and two males from Eggesbones, Norway 
(62?19'N, 05?39'E), and vial F20366 with one 
female and one male from Alesund (62?19'N, 
5?30'E) belonging to Sars and now in the Crus- 
tacea Collection of the Zoological Museum at 
the University of Oslo were kindly sent by Ase 
Wilhelmsen, Principal Engineer of the Crusta- 
cean Collection to one of us (FDF) for study. 
These specimens were cleared through 50% 
lactic acid/ 50% de-ionized freshwater to 100% 
lactic acid, stained by adding a solution of 
chlorazol black E dissolved in 70% ethanol/ 
30% de-ionized freshwater, and examined with 
bright-field and with differential interference 
optics. SpecimensofT. nanMS studied byChislen- 
ko could not be located. 
Specimens of T. nanus are curved ventrally 
along the anterior-posterior axis so that they are 
difficult to measure in either dorsal or lateral 
view. Total length was measured laterally, in 
sections along the anterior-posterior curve, and 
includes caudal rami and rostrum. 
In general, descriptive terms follow (Ferra- 
ri, 1995). Interpretations of homologies of the 
first maxilla follow Boxshall (1985), of the 
second maxilla follow Ferrari & Ivanenko 
(2005), of the maxilliped follow Ferrari & Dahms 
(1998); the protopod of these three limbs has a 
coxa with one setiferous endite. 
Descriptive part 
Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
Female. Colour pale yellowish brown, dark- 
ening to chestnut along sutures between somites. 
Total body length 0.30 mm. Body laterally 
compressed; dorsal margin strongly curved an- 
teriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 1). Cephalosome 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
Fig. 1. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Female. 
A ? right lateral habitus; B ? left lateral urosome without leg 5. Scale bars: A ? 100 \\.ra; B ? 50 (im. 
PHC. 1. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. CaMKa. 
A ? BHeniHHH BHA cnpaea; B ? ypocoMa 6e3 Horn 5-H HOFH, BHA cueBa. MacmTa6Hbie 0Tpe3KH: A ? 100 MKM; B - 
50 MKM. 
F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
Fig. 2. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Female. 
Al ? first antenna; A2 ? second antenna; Md ? mandible; Mxl ? first maxilla (praecoxal endite separate); Mx2 ? 
second maxilla. Scale bar 50 ^m. 
PHC. 2. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. CaMKa. 
Al ? aHTeHHa nepBaa; A2 ? aHTenna BTopaa. Md ? MaHflH6yjia. Mxl ? MaKCHHna nepeaa (3HaHT npeKOKCti 
OTflenen); Mx2 ? MaKCHJina BTopaa. MacniTaSHtiii oxpeaoK 50 MKM. 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
Fig. 3. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Female. 
PI ? swimming leg 1; P2 ? swimming leg 2. Scale bar 50 \aa. 
PHC. 3. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. CaMKa. 
PI ? HuaBaTeJibHaa Hora 1; P2 ? njiaBaxeJibHaa Hora 2. MacmxaSHbiH 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
strongly produced ventrally on both sides to a 
narrowly rounded tip. Anterodorsal face of ceph- 
alosome covered by dense tiny chitin platelets. 
Cephalosome [including 1st and 2nd thoracic 
somites] separated from metasome by a dis- 
tinctly sclerotized strip (Fig. 1 A). Urosome (Fig. 
IB): rugose; genital somite fused to 6th thoracic 
somite and anterior abdominal somite; these 
segments quadrate posteroventrally and extend- 
ing as well-pronounced comers (Fig. IB); both 
posterior comers rounded. Last three abdomi- 
nal somites small and articulating. Caudal rami 
small, about twice as long as wide; each ramus 
one thick dorsal seta on a lobe, plus one thin seta 
medial and one thin seta lateral to the thick seta, 
and 4 terminal setae along a curved, lateral edge 
(Fig. IB). 
First antenna (Fig. 2 Al): 8-segmented, aes- 
thetascs on the 4th segment (exceeding slightly 
the tip of distal segment) and on the 8th segment 
(same length but more slender). Setal armature 
1, 7, 7,2+1 aesthetasc, 2,3,3,10+1 aesthetasc. 
Second antenna (Fig. 2 A2). Coxa short, 
engaging an irregular pedestal proximally; ba- 
sis without ornamentation. Exopod small, 2- 
segmented; proximal segment with 1 medial 
seta, distal with 1 medial and 2 distal setae. 
Proximal endopodal segment with 1 medial seta 
and anterior scale-like attenuation; distal seg- 
ment with longitudinal row of denticles laterally 
and with 2 medial, 1 lateral and 4 terminal setae. 
Mandible (Fig. 2 Mn). Gnathobase with 2 
groups of tooth-like attenuations, 3 teeth in 
proximal group, 3 teeth distally, plus a proximal 
seta. Basis with 2 medial setae. Exopod a simple 
knob-like segment with 1 terminal seta. Endo- 
pod 2 segmented; proximal segment with 2 
medial setae; distal with 3 terminal setae. 
First maxilla (Fig. 2 Mxl). Praecoxal endite 
with 7 short, thick setae and 1 longer, thinner 
seta distally. Coxal exite with 1 seta. Basis fused 
distally to endopod; proximal basal endite with 
1 seta, distal basal endite unattenuated, with 2 
setae. Endopod apparently 1-segmented, elon- 
gate, with 4 terminal setae. 
Second maxilla (Fig. 2 Mx2). Syncoxa with 
transverse row of spinules proximolaterally; 
praecoxal endite with 3 setae; coxal endite with 
2 setae. Basis elongate with transverse row of 
spinules proximolaterally; proximal basal en- 
dite with 2 setae; distal basal endite with 3 setae, 
middle seta curved and thick. Ramus a very 
small unarticulated segment with 3 setae. 
Maxilliped (Fig. 5 Mxp). A subchela; syn- 
coxa with 1 mediodistal seta with setules, prox- 
imomedial and proximolateral set of denticles 
plus another set of lateral denticles at mid- 
length. Basis with 1 mediodistal seta directed 
proximally and reaching about a 4"" the length of 
palmar edge; palmar edge with plate-like seta 
medial row of larger denticles and row of slen- 
der ones anteriorly. Proximal endopodal seg- 
ment with 1 long seta; distal endopodal segment 
attenuate, appressed to medial edge of basis, 
with 2 slender setae towards its base. 
Swimmingleg 1 (Fig. 3 PI). Coxa small with 
lateral longitudinal row of denticles proximally. 
Basis elongate with denticles along medial and 
lateral margin; distally with 1 medial seta and 1 
lateral seta. Rami 1 -segmented. Endopod wider 
and slightly shorter than exopod, with denticles 
along lateral edge and with 1 proximomedial 
seta, 1 distomedial seta and 4 terminal setae. 
Exopod with medial denticles proximally and 
with 1 proximal and 1 distal seta laterally, and 3 
terminal setae, middle thickest and longest. 
Swimming leg 2 (Fig. 3 P2). Coxa with a set 
of denticles on pronounced distolateral comer. 
Basis with denticles along medial margin and 1 
lateral seta. Rami 3-segmented. Proximal seg- 
ment of exopod with 1 lateral seta and 1 medial 
seta, and lateral denticles; middle segment with 
1 lateral seta and 1 medial seta, and lateral 
denticles; distal segment with 1 lateral, 3 termi- 
nal and 2 medial setae, and lateral denticles. 
Proximal segment of endopod with 1 medial 
seta and lateral denticles; middle segment with 
2 medial setae and lateral denticles; distal seg- 
ment with 1 lateral, 2 terminal and 2 medial 
setae, and lateral denticles. 
Swimming leg 3 (Fig. 4 P3). Coxa with 
denticles on pronounced distolateral corner. 
Basis with denticles on distolateral corner and 
1 lateral seta. Rami 3-segmented. Proximal 
segment of exopod with 1 lateral seta and 1 
medial seta, and lateral denticles; middle seg- 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
Fig. 4. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Female. 
P3 ? swimming leg 3; P4 ? swimming leg 4. Scale bar 50 \aa. 
PHC. 4. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. CaMKa. 
P3 ? HuaBaTeJibHaa Hora 3; P4 ? njiaBaxeJibHaa Hora 4. MacniTaSHbifl 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
ment with 1 lateral seta and 1 medial seta, and 
lateral denticles; distal with 2 lateral, 2 termi- 
nal and 2 medial setae, and lateral denticles. 
Proximal segment of endopod with 1 medial 
seta, and lateral denticles; middle segment 
with 2 medial setae, and lateral denticles; distal 
segment with 2 medial, 2 terminal and 1 lateral 
setae. 
Swimming leg 4 (Fig. 4 P4). Coxa without 
denticles. Basis with medial denticles, and 
with 1 lateral seta. Rami 3-segmented. Proxi- 
mal segment of exopod with 1 lateral seta and 
1 medial seta, and lateral denticles; middle 
segment with 1 lateral seta and 1 medial seta, 
and lateral denticles; distal segment with later- 
al denticles and 2 lateral, 2 terminal and 3 
medial setae; middle medial seta long and 
thick. Proximal segment of endopod with 1 
medial seta and lateral denticles; middle seg- 
ment with 2 medial setae and lateral denticles; 
F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
Fig. 5. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Female. 
P5 ? leg 5; Mxp ? maxilliped. Scale bar 50 |xm. 
PHC. 5. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. CaMKa. 
P5 ? Hora 5; Mxp ? MaKCHJiJiHnefl. MacmxaSHbiH 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
distal segment with 2 medial, 2 terminal and 1 
lateral setae. 
Leg 5 (Fig. 5). Baseoendopod well-devel- 
oped, with denticles on proximomedial comer 
and 3 medial setae without setules, 1 apical 
pinnate seta, 1 small, lateral seta, and 1 proxi- 
molateral seta; surface relief an irregular pattern 
of thickened cuticle. Exopod2-segmented, elon- 
gate, 2/3 length of endopod; proximal segment 
with 1 lateral seta, distal segment with 3 lateral 
setae and 2 terminal setae. 
Leg 6 not found. 
Male. Length 0.29 mm. Similar to female in 
size, color, shape and surface relief of somites 
(Fig. 6A). Comers of cephalosome somewhat 
less narrowly produced ventrally. Sixth and 7th 
thoracic somites (Fig. 6B) protrading more ven- 
trally as spermatophore reservoir (Sars 1904: 
68) with a slight bump between 2 pronounced 
extensions; spermatophore large, ovoid. Each 
abdominal somite compressed within adjacent 
anterior somite. Terminal setae of caudal rami 
shorter and broader than female. 
First antenna (Fig. 7 Al). A 9-segmented 
haplocer with geniculations between 4th and 
5th, and 8th and 9th segments. Seta formula: 1, 
6 (2+2+2), 3+1 aesthetasc, 11+2 aesthetascs, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 8+1 aesthetasc. 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 
Fig. 6. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Male. 
A ? left lateral habitus; B ? left lateral urosome. Scale bars: A ? 100 |.im; B ? 50 nm. 
PHC. 6. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Caivieii. 
A ? BHeniHHH BHfl cjiesa; B ? ypocoMa, BHA cueBa. MacniTaSHbie 0Tpe3KH: A ? 100 MKM; B ? 50 MKM. 
Second antenna, mandible, maxilla 1, max- 
illa 2, maxilliped similar to female. 
Swimming legs \-A similar to female with 
the following exceptions: distal endopodal seg- 
ment of P2 and P4 (Figs. 8 P2, 9 P4) with 3 
medial setae; middle medial seta on distal seg- 
ment of P4 long and thick (Fig. 9 P4). 
P5 (Fig. 6B). Exopod long, 2-segmented; 
proximal segment with 1 lateral seta, distal 
segment with 2 lateral and 2 terminal setae. 
Discussion 
Tegastid harpacticoids have been collected 
with few exceptions from surfaces of benthic 
invertebrates and macroalgae (Ivanenko & De- 
fay, 2005). Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 is a 
temperate to boreal harpacticoid copepod orig- 
inally described from western Norway (Sars, 
1904). Records from the eastern Atlantic Ocean 
include the coasts of eastern Ireland (Roe, 195 8) 
10 F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
Fig. 7. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Male. 
Al ? first antenna. Scale bar 50 |.im. 
PHC. 7. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Caivieit. 
Al ? aHTeHHa nepsaa. MacniTaSHtiH 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
and western Ireland (Farran, 1913), and the 
western Baltic Sea (Kunz, 1935). The species 
also has been recorded from the White Sea of 
the Arctic Ocean (Chislenko, 1967), the western 
North Atlantic Ocean from James Bay, an ex- 
tension of Hudson Bay (Willey, 1923), from the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence (Tremblay, 1944), and 
from the Damariscotta River, Gulf of Maine 
(McAlice & Coffin, 1990). Reports of this spe- 
cies from the subtropics, including the Suez 
Canal (records summarized by Lang, 1948) are 
considered doubtful, following the opinion of 
Todaro et al. (1996). The phytal substrate known 
for T. nanus includes two genera of red algae, 
Delesseria (see Kunz, 1935) and Ptilota (see 
McAlice & Coffin, 1990), and two genera of 
brown algae, Laminaria (see Chislenko, 1967, 
McAlice & Coffin, 1990) and Fucus (see 
Chislenko, 1967). 
Sars' (1904) original description was very 
brief; the figures include only the lateral view of 
the female P5, the male urosome and maxil- 
liped. The five specimens we received in two 
lots from the University of Oslo were very 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 11 
Fig. 8. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Male. 
PI ? swimming leg 1; P2 ? swimming leg 2. Scale bar 50 \aa. 
PHC. 8. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Caivieii. 
PI ? Hora 1; P2 ? Hora 2; Mxp ? MaKCHJinnnea. MacmTaSHbiii 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
brittle, presumably from long exposure to the 
dehydrating effects of the ethanol preservative. 
The 0.45 mm female (remaining male is 0.38 
mm) from Alesund (F 20366) and the 0.42 mm 
male from Eggesbones (remaining male is 0.40 
mm and female is 0.49 mm) (F 20357) were 
dissected and are morphologically similar to 
specimens from Ny Alesund although both sex- 
es are larger. 
Since Sars' (1904) original description of 
the species, r. nanus has been redescribed twice. 
More illustrations (lateral habitus, Al, P5 of 
both sexes, PI and second maxilla) were pro- 
vided by Chislenko (1967) from White Sea 
specimens. The most recent redescription by 
McAlice and Coffm (1990) included a descrip- 
tion and illustration of a male from a phytal 
habitat of the Gulf of Maine. This description is 
much more complete, but it lacks necessary 
detail for a complete comparative analysis. 
Unfortunately, the material upon which these 
authors based their descriptions is not available. 
Females from Alesund and Ny Alesund agree 
with Sars' (1904) and Chislenko's (1967) brief 
12 F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
Fig. 9. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Male. 
P3 ? swimming leg 3; P4 ? swimming leg 4. Scale bar 50 \aa. 
PHC. 9. Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904. Caivieii. 
P3 ? HuaBaTeJibHaa Hora 3; P4 ? njiaBaxeJibHaa Hora 4. MacmxaSHbiH 0Tpe30K 50 MKM. 
descriptions. Chislenko observed that females 
of T. nanus possessed small bristles on the 
lateral surface of the baseoendopod of P5; Sars' 
(1904) drawings show the same, although he did 
not mention this in the text. 
The female and male from Ny Alesund ex- 
press sexual dimorphism in the shape of the 
cephalosome, thoracic somites 6 and 7, and the 
anterior abdominal somite, as well as antenna 1, 
leg 5, and swimming legs 2 and 4. The penulti- 
mate segment of the 8-segmented female anten- 
na 1 corresponds to the antepenultimate and 
penultimate segment of the 9-segmented male 
antenna 1; an arthrodial membrane does not 
form on the female's limb. The female from 
Alesund and male from Eggesbones expressed 
a dimorphism in swimming leg 3 similar to those 
of swimming legs 2 and 4 in specimens from Ny 
Alesund. 
Illustrations and setal formula of the male 
described by McAlice and Coffin (1990) differ 
from our specimens. The antenna 1 of the male 
from the Gulf of Maine has only one aesthetasc 
on the S'*" segment. The male from Ny Alesund 
and the male from Eggesbones have 1, 2 and 1 
aesthetascs on S"^"*, 4"" and 8"" segments respec- 
tively. McAlice and Coffin (1990) note that in 
contrast to Chislenko's figures, the 5* segment 
Redescription of Tegastes nanus Sars, 1904 13 
of Al of their specimens are much longer. The 
specimens studied here have a 5"" segment length 
similar to the ones given by Chislenko. Males 
from Ny Alesund and from Eggesbones have a 
seta on the P' segment of the exopod of antenna 
2 (not present on the male from the Gulf of 
Maine) and 4 terminal setae on the distal en- 
dopodal segment of antenna 2 (3 setae on the 
male from the Gulf of Maine). The Gulf of 
Maine male also expresses several differences 
in swimming legs compared to the males from 
Ny Alesund and from Eggesbones: there is no 
medial seta on the proximal exopodal segment 
of swimming legs l-A (present in the males from 
Ny Alesund and from Eggesbones); there are 2 
medial setae on the distal endopodal segment of 
swimming legs 2 and 4 (3 males from Ny Ale- 
sund and from Eggesbones). It should be noted 
the differences in medial setae on the distal 
endopodal segment of swimming legs 2 and 4 
also result in gender dimorphism in specimens 
from Ny Alesund; it is possible that this state is 
simply polymorphic in this species. The other 
differences are more substantial. Equally im- 
portant are differences in the posteroventral 
extension of the genital somite fused to the 6th 
thoracic somite and anterior abdominal somite 
of the female with less pronounced tips in the 
Gulf of Maine specimens, and spermatophore 
reservoir of the male without a bump between 
the tips of the Gulf of Maine specimens. Spec- 
imens of r. nanus from Ny Alesund are conspe- 
cific with those from Alesund and Eggesbones, 
as described by Sars (1904) and the White Sea. 
Tegastes nanus from the Gulf of Maine (McAl- 
ice & Coffin 1990) probably is not conspecific 
with those from Ny Alesund, Alesund, Egges- 
bones and the White Sea. 
Acknowledgements 
We thank Mr. J. Diirbaum for collecting the 
tegastid specimens during a summer campaign 
at Ny Alesund on Spitsbergen in July 1998. Late 
P.R. acknowledged a grant from the Deutscher 
Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD - A/ 
99/09723) during his stay at H.U.D's laboratory 
at the AG Zoosystematik und Morphologic. A 
grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 
(DFG Da 256/4-1,2) to H.U.D. as principal 
investigator also supported this research. 
References 
Bodin P. 1997. Catalogue of the new marine Harpacticoid 
Copepods (1997 edition) // Documents de travail de 
rinstitut royale des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. 
Vol.89. No.l. P. 1-304. 
Boxshall G. A. 1985. The comparative anatomy of two 
copepods, a predatory calanoid and a particle-feeding 
mormonilloid // Philosophical Transactions of the 
Royal Society London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 
Vol.311. No.2. P.303-377. 
Chislenko L.L. 1967. Copepoda Harpacticoida of the 
Karelian coast of the White Sea // Proceedings of the 
White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute. 
Vol.7. No.l. P.48-196. 
Farran G.P. 1913. Marine Entomostraca // Proceedings of 
the Royal Ireland Academy 31, Section 2, Part 45. 
P. 1-20. 
Ferrari F.D. 1995. Six copepodid stages of Ridgewayia 
klausruetzleri, a new species of calanoid copepod 
(Ridgewayiidae) from the barrier reef in Belize, with 
comments on appendage development // Proceedings 
of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol.108. 
No.2. P. 180-200. 
Ferrari F.D., Dahms H.-U. 1998. Segmental homologies of 
the maxilliped of some copepods as inferred by com- 
paring setal numbers during copepodid development 
// Journal of Crustacean Biology. Vol. 18. No.2. P.298- 
307. 
Ferrari F.D., Ivanenko V.N. 2005. Copepodid stages of 
Euryte longicauda (Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae, Eurytein- 
ae) from the White Sea associated with the bryozoan 
Flustra foliacea II Journal of Crustacean Biology. 
Vol.25. No.3. P.353-374. 
Ivanenko V.N., Defaye D. 2005. A new and primitive 
genus and species of deeps-sea copepods of the family 
Tegastidae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from 
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37?N (Azores Triple Junc- 
tion, Lucky Strike) // Cahiers Biologic Marine. Vol.45 
No.3. P.255-268. 
Kunz H. 1935. Zur Okologie der Copepoden Schleswig- 
Holsteins und der Kieler Bucht // Schriften des natur- 
wissenschaftlichen Vereins fuer Schleswig-Holstein. 
Bd.21. H.l. S.84-132. 
Lang K. 1948. Monographic der Harpacticiden // Hakan 
Ohlssons Boktryckeri, Lund (Sweden). P.1-1682. 
McAlice B.J., Coffin W.L. 1990. First record of Tegastes 
falcatus (Norman 1868) and T. nanus Sars, 1904 
(Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the east coast of the 
United States and a redescription of T. nanus II Jour- 
nal of Crustacean Biology. Vol.10. No.4. P.703-707. 
Roe K.M. 1958. The littoral harpacticoids of Dalkey (Co. 
Dublin) area with descriptions of new species // Pro- 
ceedings of the Royal Ireland Academy. Vol.(B)59 
14 F.D. Ferrari, P.V. Rybnikov, H.-U. Dahms 
No.2. P.221-255. 
Sars G.O. 1904. An account of the Crustacea of Norway. 
Vol. 5. Copepoda Harpacticoida, parts 5 and 6, Har- 
pacticidae (continued), Peltidiidae, Tegastidae, Por- 
cellidiidae, Idyidae (part.) // Bergen Museum, Bergen, 
Norway. P.57-80. 
Todaro M.A., Fleeger J. W., Hu Y.P., Hrincevich A.W., 
Foltz D.W. 1996. Are meiofaunal species cosmopol- 
itan? Morphological and molecular analysis ofXeno- 
tricula intermedia (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) // 
Marine Biology. Vol.125. No.5. P.735-742. 
Tremblay J. L. 1944. Rapport general sur les activites de la 
station biologique du Saint-Laurent pendant les an- 
nees 1936-1942//Uni. Laval, Saint-Laurent Rapport. 
Vol.4. No.l. P. 1-100. 
Willey A. 1923. Notes on distribution of free living Copep- 
oda in Canadian waters // Contributions to Canadian 
Biology. Vol.1. No.2. P.303-334. 
Responsible editor V.N. Ivanenko 
Accepted April 20, 2007 
Published online May 25, 2007