1887.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 431
ON PHRYGILUS GATI (EYD. & GERV.) AND ALLIED SPECIES.By ROBERT RIDO'liAY.The coUectiou of the United States I^ational Museum eoutains exam-ples of three species of this perplexiug group, viz, P. gayi (Ejd, &Gerv.), P. fonnosus (Goukl), and an undescribed species from LakeTiticaca, Peru. The two former are represented by specimens receivedfrom the National Museum of Chili, and were determined, respectively,as P. aldunatei (Gay) and P. gayi, in accordance with the very generalcustom of applying these two names, a custom which I hope to be ableto show is erroneous.The error to which attention has been called has evidently arisenfrom the circumstance that Eydoiix and Gervais included specimens ofboth species under their FringiUa gayi, and that the specimen so labeledin the museum of the Jardiu des Plantes which Messrs. Sclater andSalvin examined in 1869 {cf. "Ibis,'' 18G9, p. 285) was nob the type ofthat species, but one of Gay's wrongly identified specimens. This viewof the case is rendered the more certain by the circumstance that Ger-vais expressly states that the bird which he describes and figures {Mag.de Zool. 1834, pi. 23) is oiu^. of those collected by Eydoux, making ittherefore certain that it is not one of those collected by Gay. Further-more, a reference to the original description and plate of F. gayi is suf-ficient to remove all doubt as to which species the name belongs to.It therefore follows, if this statement of the case is correct, that Em-heriza aldunatei Gay is a pure synonym of Fringilla gayi Byd. & Gerv.,and that Phrygilusformosm (Gould) is the proper name for the smallerand brighter colored species which Messrs. Sclater and Salvin, andothers following them, have considered to be the true P. gayi.According to this revision of the matter, the synonymy and charactersof the several species are as follows :Phrygilus gayi (Eyil. & Gerv.)FringiUa (jayi Eyd. & Gerv. Mag. de Zool. 18:^, ^7, pi. 23 (Chili).?? Gould, ZooLBeag. Birds, 1341, 93. (JVec Chlorospiza gai/i Gay, 1847!)? Phrygihts gayi BoxAP. Consp. i, 1850, 477.?Cab. Mus. Hein, i, 1850, 134 (Chili).?ScL. & Salv. Ibis, 1838, 186 (Gregory Bay, Str. Magellan).Chlorospiza aldunatei Gay, Fauu. Chil. 1847, 356.Phrygilus aldunati ScL. Ibis, 1869, 285 (crit.).?Taczax. Orn. Per., iii, 1886, 34 (south-era Peru).Habitat.?Chili and southern Peru.Sp. Char.?Head, neck, wings, and tail grayish ; back, scapulars,and rump, bright olive or olive-greenish, lower parts olive-yellowish,passing into gamboge-yellow on belly, the anal region and under tail-coverts white; upper mandible blackish (in some very old mounted
432 PHRYGILUS GAYI AND ALLIED SPECIES.specimens fiuled to light brownish, but always blackish, in contrastwith color of lower mandible, in specimens which have not long beenexposed to the light); wing 3.00-3.50, tail 2.40-3.G5, exposed culmen
.48-.50, depth of bill at base .28-.33, tarsus .85-.80, middle toe. 01-.65.Adult male in summer (Xo. 15246, Chili ; Lt. J. M. Gilliss, U. S. N.):Head, neck, and upper chest, uniform deep slate-color, with a plumbe-ous cast, becoming black on lores and anterior border of chin, malarregion, and forehead ; back and most of scapul;?rs bright olive-green,the lower back and rump similar but more yellowish ; outer and poste-rior scapulars, lesser and middle wing-coverts and upper tail-covertsslate-gray; rest of wings, and tail, dusky, the feathers broadly edgedwith slate-gray, this almost uniform over outer surface of the closedwing. Sides of neck, lower chest, breast, belly, sides, and flanks deepwax-yellow or dull Indian yellow, passing into clear gamboge-yellow onmiddle of belly ; anal region and under tail-coverts white. Length(mounted specimen) about 5.50, wing 3.50, tail 2.65, exposed culmen
-50, depth ol" bill at base .32, tarsus .87, middle toe .61.Adult male {female'^.) in winter (Xo. 48971, Santiago, Chili, August,1802; Xat. Mus. Chili) : Similar to the preceding, but colors duller andmuch less shari)ly defined, top of head narrowly streaked with dusky,chin, throat, ui)i)er chest, and sides of head much lighter gray (inclin-ing to ash-gray), the lores merely dusky, no black round base of bill,hind-neck dull olive-slaty, back much duller olive-green (not sharplycontrasted with the color of the hind-neck), rump more greenish, wingsand tail more brownisli-gray, and breast, sides, and flanks stronglytinged with olive-green. Length (skin) 5.50, wing 3.00, tail 2.40, ex-posed culmen .49, depth of bill at base .28, tarsus .89, middle toj .05. .Adult female (.?) in icinter (Xo. 48970, same locality, date, &c.):' Es-sentially similar to the supposed winter male, but gray of head lighter,the chin and throat and malar region inclining to grayish white, relievedby a broad and conspicuous dusky streak along each side of throat.Yellow of breast, &c., more of a saflron hue (especially next to grayishwhite of throat), and not extending as far backward as in the male, thelower belly being whitish and the flanks dull, bufl'y grayish, tinged witholive. Length (skin), 5.70; wing, 3.15; tail, 2.45; exposed culmen, .48;tarsus, .So-, middle toe, .02.Plirygilus formosus (Gould).FriugiUa formosa Gould, Zool. Beag., iii., 1841, 93 (Tierra del Fuego).PlirjK/UiisfurntoiiUS Bonap., Cousp., i, 1850, 477.Clilorospiza (jayi Gay, Fauu. Chil., 1847, 355 (Vuliniraiso and sonthward). {Xcc Frin-(jilla (jaiji Eyd. & Geuv., 1834 !)rhriiyilus gaiji SCL. t& Salv., Ibis, 18G9, 285 (Str. Magellan; crit.).i/^,^,7flf._Tierra del Fuego (GoM^rZ; Punta Arenas, U. iS. N'at. Mus.);Straits of Magellan ( U. S. JSfat. Mus.) ; Chili (Valparaiso and southward,Gay); southern Patagonia {Dancin).
1887.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 433Sp. Char.?Similar to P. gaiji, but smaller, with upper mandible col-ored like the lower (instead of being- blackish), gray of head, neckwings, &c., much bluer, yellow of under parts richer, and color of backj&c., much browner (bright russet or orange-chestnut in adult male).Adult male (IS[o. 48967, Straits of Magellan, 18G4: ; ^at. Mus. Chili)
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Head and neck uniform deep grayish blue or bluish plumbeous (becom-ing darker round base of bill and nearly black on lores), borderedposteriorly with a collar of deep olive-green, broadest across hind neck(?) whereabout .30 wide; back bright russet or orange-chestnut, tingedwith olive-yellow; scapulars chiefly olive-green; rump bright gallstone-yellow, tinged with olive-green posteriorly. Wing-coverts and uppertail-coverts uniform deep bluish gray or plumbeous; remiges and uppertail-coverts dull black edged with deep plumbeous. :preast, sides, andflanks rich gallstone-yellow, or deep Indian yellow, changing to purer,more gamboge, yellow on belly; anal region and under tail-covertswhite, the latter extensively bluish gray centrally; tibi? uniform deepash-gray. Bill (both mandibles) "bluish horn-color." Length (ofdried skin), about 5.00; wing, 3.40; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, AS-depth of bill at base, .32; tarsus, .85; middle toe, .02.Adultfemale:^ (No. C537, Lafresuaye Collection, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.)
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Similar to the male, as described above, but colors duller; the gray ofhead, neck, wings, &c., decidedly less bluish ; the olive-green collarnearly obsolete (especially across hind-neck) ; and the back olive-russet,nearly uniform with the olive-yellowish color of rump; the lower parts,however, very much the same. Length (mounted specimen), about5.50 ; wing, 3.15 ; tail, 2.50 ; exposed culmen, .48 ; depth of bill at base,
.30 ; tarsus, .85 ; middle toe, .00.Young male (No. 107585, Puuta Arenas, Tierra del Fuego ; M. Le-brun) : Above olivaceous, the back and scapulars strongly tinged withrusset, and pileum inclining to grayish ; prevailing color of wings dullgray, slightly tinged with olive, the outer webs of greater coverts andtertials indistinctly tipped with dull brownish buify ; tail grayishblue, as in adult ; an indistinct superciliary streak of light yellowisholive ; lores grayish dusky ; ear-coverts dull grayish ; lower parts dullgallstone-yellow, paler on chin and throat, deeper on breast and sides,tinged with olive on flanks; lower tail-coverts dull pale yellowish.Wing, 3.15; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, .50; depth of bill at base, .32;tarsus, .85; middle toe, .65.The supposed female of this species (described above) resembles ratherclosely the adult male of P. gayi, but is decidedly smaller (wing, 3.15instead of 3.50), has the olive-green of the back strongly washed super-licially with russet, the rich olive-yellow of the rump thus appearingbrighter by contrast ; the yellow of the lower parts is richer (approxi^mating very closely to the hue of Indian yellow), and the thighs aredeep gray instead of grayish white. The gray of the head, neck, wings,&c., is, however, exactly the same.PROC. N. M. 87 28
434 PHRYGILUS GAYI AND ALLIED SPECIES.Phrygilus puuensis, sp. uov.Emleriza gaiji D'Orb., Mag. Zool., 1837 (Syaop. Av.), "5 (La Paz, Bolivia), wee Frin-giUa goiji Gerv., 18:J7.Phrygilus gayi TsCH., Fauu. Per., 1844-'46, 218.?Taczax., P. Z. S., 1874, 520 (Ma-raynioc, Araucoclia, auclJnnin, Ceutr. Peru); 1880, 199 (Cutervo, North-ern Peru); Orn. Per., iii, 1886, 32.Habitat.?Basin of Lake Titicaca, in Peru and Bolivia.Sp. Char.?Similar to F. gayi (Gerv.), but much larger, witli color ofback much browner (decidedly rufescent in male), that of breast, sides,&c., also strongly tinged with rusty instead of yellowish olive or yel-lowish olive-green, and belly light saffron-yellow instead of clear gam-boge.Adult male (Xo. 6535, Lafresnaye Coll., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.) : Head,neck, and chest uniform slate-gray, this bordered posteriorly by a col-lar of deep olive-green, widest across chest (where about .20 broad),narrowest across hind-neck, where almost obsolete; capistrum almostblack; back and scapulars tawny-russet, mixed and tinged with olive-yellow, tlie rump entireh' of the latter color ; wing-coverts and uppertail-coverts plain slate-graj' (lighter than color of head and neck; rem-iges and tail-feathers dull black, edged with slate-gray. Breast, upperbelly, sides, and flanks similar in color to back, but rather lighter andbrighter, becoming gradually more olivaceous on flanks and saffron yel-lowish ou belly, the middle portion of the latter nearly pure gambogeor Indian yellow ; anal region and under tail-coverts dull white, the lat-ter with centers extensively slate-graj-. Upper mandible blackish,edged with paler; lower pale colored (pale bluish or lilac-grayish inlife ?). Length (mounted specimen), about 6.30 ; wing (quills not fullygrown out), 3.75; tail, 3.00; exposed culmen, .01 ; depth of bill at base,
.32 ; tarsus, 1.02 ; middle toe, .70.Adult female (?), Xo. 99571, U. S. Xat. Mus., Lake Titicaca, Peru (col-lector unknown) : Head, neck, and upper chest uniform slate-gray, becom-ing blackish ou lores, and indistinctly streaked with dusky on top of head ;back and innermost scapulars plain, dull olive-green (decidedly brownerthan in P. gayi); lower back and rump brighter and more yellowisholive-green ; exterior scapulars dull brownish gray ; lesser and middlewing-coverts and upper tail-coverts slate-gray, with indistinct darkershaft-streaks; greater and primary wing-coverts, primaries, secondaries,and tail-feathers dusky, edged with slate-gray. Sides of neck, lowerchest, breast, sides, and flanks deep gallstone yellow, tinged with rus-set-orange, passing into light saffron yellow on middle of belly; analregion dull white; femoral region, thighs, and under tail-coverts dulllight buffy, the latter with broad median streaks of slate-gray. Uppermandible brownish black, lower whitish (apparently pinkish in life);iris "dark brown"; feet brownish. Length (skin), 0.80; wing, 3.65;tail, 2.75 ; exposed culmen, .62 ; depth of bill at base, .35 ; tarsus, 1.00
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middle toe, .70.
1887. ] PKOCEEDINGS UF UNi fED .-STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 435Phrygilus atriceps (D'Orb. & Lafr.').Emheriza atriceps D'Orb. & Lafr., Mag. deZool., 1837 (Synopsis Avium), 76 (Tacora,hi-hlauds of Peru)?D'Okb., Voy. Ame'r. M^rid., Ois., 1839, 363 pi 47'fig. 2. ' ? 'Fhrygihis atriceps Tscn., Faim. Per., 1844-'46, 218.?Bonap., Cousp., i, 1850, 477.?SCL. & Salv., Norn. Neotr., 1873, 31 ; P. Z. S., 1876, 16 (Paucartambo)!-Taczax., Om. Per., iii, 1886, 34 (Southern Peru).Habitat.?Higlilands of Southern Peru and Bolivia.Sp. Char.?Head, neck, and chest uniform black or dusky slate, veryabruptly contrasted with the bright chestnut-tawny of the back andgallstone yellow of the breast; rump and lower back gallstone yellow.Adult male (type, iTo. 6533, Lafresnaye Collection, Mus. Boston Soc.:N'at. Hist.): Head, upper half of hinder part and sides of neck andentire fore neck down to and including upper chest uniform dull slate-black, with a very regular and sharply defined posterior margin ; back,innermost scapulars and lower hind neck bright chestnut-tawny, tingedespecially beneath the surface, with gallstone yellow ; exterior scapu-lars dull gray, tinged with olive-yellowish ; lower back, rump, breast,and sides uniform deep gallstone yellow, the sides and Hanks tingedwith tawiiy; belly lighter and purer yellow, inclining to gamboge,-lower tail-coverts white, with much of their concealed portion slate-gray; anterior lesser ^^ing-coverts yellowish olive-green; rest of wingcoverts uniform slate-gray or deep ash-gray ; remiges, alula, and tailfeathers black, edged with deep ash-gray (more hoary on primaries andrectrices). Upper mandible dusky brownish, paler terminally (appar-ently blackish in life). Length (of mounted specimen), about 6.00 ; wing,3.85 ; tail, 2.70 ; exposed culmeu, .60 ; depth of bill at base, .33 ; tarsusj1.05 ; middle toe, .70.The following synoptical table will facilitate the determination ofspecimens
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a'. Larger (wing more than 3.50, exposed cnlmen .60 or more).
? ?. Head, neck, and chest black ; back chestnut-tawny, rump gallstone-yellow.^aftifa*.-Highlands of Peru and Bolivia 1. P. atriceps (D'Orb. & Lafr.).h". Head, neck, and chest slate-gray, bordered posteriorly by an olive-green collar(this indistinct in female); back russet (male) or olive (female), rump olive-yellow (male) or olive-green (female). Rahitat.?l.nke Titicaca basin, Peru andBolivia 2. P. puneiisis Ridgw.?^ Smaller (wing notmore than 3.50, exposed culmen not more than .50.iK Upper mandible blackish; back olive-green, the rump brighter, more yellowish ?head, neck, wings, &c., deep ash-gray, or plumbeous in adult male (much duLler gray, the pileum streaked with dusky in female). Rabitat.?Chili ; South-ern Peru; Southern Patagonia? 8. p. ^fl,/j (Eyd. & Gerv.)i\ Upper mandible light colored ("bluish horn-color" in life) like lower ; backbright russet or orange-chestnut (male) or olive-russet (female), in marked con-trast with bright gallstone-yellow or olive-yellow of rump ; head, neck, wings,&c., deep bluish plumbeous (male) or plumbeous-gray (female). Hahitat.?Straits of Magellan (Tierra del Fuego and Southern Patagonia.4. P. formosus (Gould).