The Costate Species of Colaspis
in the United States
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
DORIS H. BLAKE
m
wtu.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 181
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y ? N U M B E R 181
The Costate Species of Colaspis
in the United States
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Doris H, Blake
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1974
ABSTRACT
Blake, Doris H. The Costate Species of Colaspis in the United States (Coleop-
tera: Chrysomelidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 181, 24
pages; 27 figures, 1974.?Included are 19 species and four subspecies, of which
seven new species and three new subspecies are described. Drawings have been
made of all the species, and most of the drawings were made from the type-species.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded
in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5132. SERIES COVER
DESIGN: The coral Montastrca cavernosa (Linnaeus.)
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Blake, Doris Holmes, 1892-
The costate species of Colaspis in the United States (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 181)
Bibliography: p.
Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 127:181
1. Colaspis. 2. Insects?United States. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smith-
sonian contributions to zoology, no. 181.
QL1.S54 no. 181 [QL596.C5] 591'.08s [595.7'64] 74-8607
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Contents
Page
Introduction 1
Key to Species of Colaspis 3
C. brunnea (Fabricius) 4
C. louisianae, new species 6
C. floridana Schaeffer, new status 6
C. planicostata, new species 7
C. hesperia, new species 8
C. suilla (Fabricius) 8
C. suilla borealis, new subspecies 9
C. recurva, new species 10
C. carolinensis, new species 10
C. keyensis, new species 11
C. crinicornis Schaeffer 11
C. crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies 11
C.lata Schaeffer 12
C. pini Barber 12
C. pini schotti Barber 13
C. flavocostata Schaeffer 13
C. flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies 14
C. costipennis Crotch, new status 14
C. viridiceps Schaeffer 15
C. viriditincta Schaeffer 15
C. melaina, new species 16
C. championi Jacoby 17
Literature Cited 18
Figures 19
i n

The Costate Species of Colaspis
in the United States
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Doris H. Blake
Introduction
In a letter, dated 23 July 1926, from Gilbert
Arrow of the British Museum (Natural History) to
H. S. Barber of the U. S. National Museum, in
answer to an inquiry concerning the type of Colas-
pis brunnea (Fabricius), Arrow wrote "The type is
probably in the Copenhagen Museum and its iden-
tification will make a pleasant little problem for
Mrs. Blake on her next trip to Europe." Now,
nearly 50 years later, I am attempting what H. S.
Barber was never able to clear up satisfactorily,
that is, the identity of Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius)
and Colaspis suilla (Fabricius) and the many other
closely related species of Colaspis in the United
States.
The earliest entomologist in America to tackle
the problem was Crotch (1873), when he dealt with
it by putting under the name of C. brunnea all the
yellow-brown species of Colaspis at that time de-
scribed in the United States, thereby synonymizing
C. suilla (Fabricius), C. lurida Olivier, and C. flav-
ida Say. Crotch at this time, in a line and a half,
described costipennis as a variety of brunnea, and
he ended this account by writing, "Every lead can
be found between these extremes." Horn (1892),
the next to write of this group, followed Crotch's
short account with an equally short one, repeating
Crotch's synonymy with the exception of C. lurida
Doris H. Blake, Honorary Research Associate, Department of
Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
Olivier and adding one more synonym, C. flavicans
Lefevre, which he stated was "merely a larger
form." He too ended with the sentence, "Between
all these forms there are intermediate specimens
and every attempt to separate them will be found
impossible."
Horn wrote that Lefevre had changed Crotch's
name C. costipennis to Colaspis crotchi, ignoring
the fact that Crotch had described costipennis in
1873, four years earlier than Lefevre had described
his Argentine beetle as C. costipennis. Horn, how-
ever, did not dispose of Lefevre's costipennis, which
has stood as that for 95 years, even in the Junk
catalog and Blackwelder's checklist of Coleoptera.
So I am herewith renaming Lefevre's Argentine
species of Colaspis as C. lophodes, the Colaspis with
ridges.
As early as 1906, Charles Schaeffer began to be
interested in the Colaspis group and published an
account of C. championi Jacoby that he declared
to be a "more fully developed and very large form
of the variable brunnea." But in 1919 and again in
1933, Schaeffer described six new species of this
group?C. viriditincta, C. viridiceps, C. crinicornis,
C. lata, C. flavocostata, and C. brunnea floridana?
all valid species, thus breaking the tradition that
all yellow-brown costate species were one species,
the variable C. brunnea. Barber (1937), evidently
inspired by Schaeffer's new species, published a
short paper in which he discussed Schaeffer's flavo-
costata and described out of it two more new spe-
cies. But he ended very much as had Crotch and
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Horn before him in writing of C. brunnea, "which
even thus restricted is left as an insoluble complex."
Thus Crotch, Horn, and Barber alike were in
despair of resolving the identities of these old
Fabrician species.
I have been more fortunate because I have been
able to borrow the Fabrician types of C. brunnea
and C. suilla from Copenhagen, as well as some of
Lefevre's types from the Paris Museum. Say's fla-
vida is probably not in existence. Moreover, I have
studied a large series of specimens, many already
dissected by the fine fingers of H. S. Barber, and I
have before me Schaeffer's types.
These yellow brown costate species of Colaspis
have been confused because in all there is essentially
the same pattern of elytral costae usually with dou-
ble rows of punctures between the costae. This pat-
tern of punctures holds also in species that occur
in Mexico and Central America, some of which are
only faintly costate, such as C. subaenea Jacoby and
C. fastidiosa Lefevre, and even in C. fulvotestacea
Lefevre, which is not costate at all in the male,
the punctures are arranged in the same pattern as
in the costate species. Moreover, in other charac-
ters, such as the head and prothorax, the costate
species of Colaspis are very similar. The head is
punctate with the clypeus having coarser punctures,
the prothorax is almost always rather densely punc-
tate, and the margin either angulate or dentate, or
sinuate, rarely rounded. But in size and shape, in
proportions of the prothorax and elytra, as well as
to a certain extent in coloring and size of punctures,
width of costae and variation in punctures, there
are usually good differences, as examples, such spe-
cies as C. lata and C. suilla. Furthermore, the
aedeagus always shows good differences in the dif-
ferent species.
Colaspis brunnea and C. suilla represent two
groups of the costate species. The species under the
brunnea group are C. floridana Schaeffer, one yet
undescribed from Louisiana, a third undescribed
from Brownsville, and a fourth undescribed from
New Mexico and Arizona. While these five are
closely related, there are definite differences both
externally and in the aedeagus. The species in the
suilla group have been more difficult to understand,
because I have much less material. In brunnea
there are eight more or less equal costae on each
elytron, giving the beetle a very well ribbed ap-
pearance; whereas, in the suilla group, there are
only four more prominent costae on each elytron,
the intervening ones, when present, not so con-
spicuous.
These 4-costate specimens occur from Canada to
Florida and west to Nebraska and Kansas, but I
have seen only one or two specimens from each
locality, never a good series and never many from
nearby localities. Much more material is needed in
this suilla group before I would venture to describe
as species those now represented by only a few
specimens.
Besides these brunnea and suilla groups, there
are species that do not fall in either group, such as
Crotch's C. costipennis, Schaeffer's C. lata, C. crini-
cornis, and C. flavocostata, and several undescribed
species. Barber's two, C. pini and C. pini schotti,
differ from any of the yellow-brown species in being
much darker in coloring. Two western species with
metallic green head and undersurface may also be
found in Mexico, C. viridiceps and C. viriditincta,
both described by Schaeffer, and also an unde-
scribed species from Arizona that varies from being
dark yellow brown to piceous black.
All of these, both Schaeffer's and the ones that
I am describing, are plainly distinct species with
good characters such as color, proportions, elytral
punctation, width of elytral costae, and, above all,
differences in the aedeagi, coupled with their geo-
graphic distribution. While difficult, these yellow
brown costate species are not as impossible to
differentiate as Crotch, Horn, and Barber found
them.
In 1950, Bechyne changed the name of the genus
Colaspis to Maecolaspis. Brown (1961), giving the
reference to Colaspis in Fabricus' Systema Eleu-
theratorum (1801) with 27 species in it, including
flavicornis, brunnea, and suilla, states that flavi-
cornis was designated as type-species of the genus
by Latreille in 1870, and that Bechyne incorrectly
considered C. testacea Fabricius the type-species
and erected the genus Maecolaspis for the species
listed in the catalogs in Colaspis. He ends by writ-
ing that the nomenclature in the Junk catalog is
correct.
The biology of C. brunnea (Fabricius) was first
worked out in 1931 by J. H. Bigger of the Illinois
Natural History Survey. The larvae there live in
the ground for about nine months feeding on the
roots of such plants as clover, grasses, soy beans,
and timothy. They hibernate and the first pupae
NUMBER 181
are found in early June and the adults appear sev-
eral weeks later. As adults they cause considerable
damage to vegetables, such fruits as plums, peaches,
and pears, and especially to corn. Some related
species in the South are a pest to sugarcane and
peanuts, and one species in the West has been col-
lected in numbers on alfalfa. In Central and South
America several species are destructive pests to
bananas?one at the time of writing is devastating
over 4500 acres of bananas in Panama. In connec-
tion with these the biology of C. hypochlora Le-
fevre has been studied by both Gowdey (1926) and
Salt (1928).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.?I wish to thank Mile. Nicole
Berti of the Paris Museum and Dr. S. G. Larsson
of the University Zoological Museum of Copen-
hagen for sending me old types, R. T. Thompson
of the British Museum (Natural History) for send-
ing me Jacoby types, Dr. Gerhard Scherer of the
Frey Museum, near Munich, for sending me
Bechyne types, and Dr. George W. Byers of the
Kansas University Museum, Hugh Leech of the
California Academy of Sciences, Milton Sanderson
of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Edward U.
Balsbaugh of South Dakota State University, and
Dr. P. J. Darlington of the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology at Harvard, for sending me material
for study.
Specimens bearing the designation "USNM" (for
the United States National Museum) are in the
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.
Key to Species of Colaspis
1. Legs black or in pale specimens deep brown with black shadings. Arizona
C. melaina, new species
Legs yellowish or reddish brown 2
2. Head and sometimes prothorox with aeneous green luster 3
Head and prothorax not green 5
3. Yellow brown above with only head aeneous green. New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico
C. viridiceps Schaeffer
Yellow brown above with head and prothorax and sometimes interspaces of elytra more or
less green 4
4. Each elytron with 4 wide, well elevated, pale yellow costae with interspaces more or less
green. Eastern U.S C. costipetmis Crotch
Each elytron with 8 rather flat costae, elytra entirely pale yellow brown. Arizona
C. viriditincta Schaeffer
5. Yellow brown above, each elytron with 8 costae of approximately same width or with first
two costae near suture wider 6
Yellow brown or darker brown above, each elytron with 4 conspicuous costae and usually
4 narrower and often inconspicuous costae between 10
6. Body beneath with aeneous luster. Brownsville, Texas C. planicosta, new species
Body beneath not aeneous, either piceous, dark reddish brown or pale yellow brown 7
7. Antennae pale with last joint and sometimes part of 10th joint dark 8
Antennae pale with 7th and last joint dark, first two elytral costae usually wider 9
8. Body beneath pale and margin of prothorax and of elytra not metallic. Aedeagus strongly
angulate before tip, with broad tip, Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
C. hespcria, new species
Body beneath often piceous, edges of prothorax and edges of elytra often metallic, aedeagus
well rounded near tip. Eastern U.S C. brutmea (Fabricius)
9. Aedeagus rounded before tip, tip narrow, elytral punctures often dark brown, usually alter-
nating rather than double, many in single rows. Southeastern U.S. . C. floridana Schaeffer
Aedeagus not well rounded but slightly angulate before tip. Baton Rouge, Houma, Louisiana
C. louisianae, new species
10. Entirely pale yellow brown except last antennal joints, without dark or metallic markings;
median tubercle on last abdominal sternite of male strongly recurved. Southeastern U.S
C. recurva, new species
Usually with dark or metallic markings, median tubercle on last abdominal sternite of
male not strongly recurved 11
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
11. Large (7.8-8.5 mm in length), usually with metallic luster on lower surface and punctures
on upper surface often with aeneous green luster. Aedeagus with long narrow tip.
Arizona, Mexico C. championi Jacoby
Smaller (3.5-6.5 mm), aedeagus not with long narrow tip 12
12. Small (3JM.0 mm), head, prothorax, and undersurface dark brown, sometimes with faint
metallic luster, elytra deep yellowish or reddish brown with very narrow costae, aedeagus
narrowed to short tip. Southeastern U.S C. suilla Fabricius
Elytral costae wider and beetles more rotund. Canada C. suilla borealis, new subspecies
Larger (4.2-6.5 mm), aedeagus wider, usually with small nodule at tip but in one species
without it 13
13. Elytra more than 3 times as long as prothorax 14
Elytra 3 times or less as long as prothorax 17
14. Aedeagus without a nodule at apex. Louisiana and Mississippi C. pint Barber
Aedeagus with a nodule at tip 15
15. Interocular space approximately half width of head C. flavocostata Schaeffer
Interocular space more than half width of head 16
16. Aedeagus unusually long, beetles deep reddish brown. New Jersey to Washington, D.C
C. pint xhotti Barber
Aedeagus not unusually long, beetles yellow brown. New Jersey
C. flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies
17. Head, prothorax, and undersurface brown, elytra with 4 conspicuous wide yellow costae on
each, punctate intervals deeper brown. Eastern U.S C. costipennis Crotch
Head and prothorax usually paler, elytral costae not unusually wide or conspicuous 18
18. Unusually large and wide 19
Not unusually large and wide 20
19. Elytra only about a third longer than wide. Middle States C. lata Schaeffer
Elytra longer. Hind tibiae in male dilated at middle. Southern Louisiana
C. crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies
20. Elytra with costae nearly flat. Hind tibiae in male dilated at middle. Brownsville, Texas
C. crinicornis Schaeffer
Elytra with usual elevated costae. Hind tibiae not dilated 21
21. Aedeagus with a moderately long pointed tip. Key West, Texas C. keyensis, new species
Aedeagus with a short nodule at tip. South Carolina, Florida C. carolinensis, new species
Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius)
FIGURES 1, 2
Galleruca brunnea Fabricius, 1798:94.
Colaspis brunnea.?Fabricius, 1801:411 Olivier, 1808:891.
Crotch, 1873:44?Horn, 1892:223.?Barber, 1937:198.
DESCRIPTION.?Length of type specimen 4.5 mm,
elongate oblong oval, shining, yellow brown above
with dark margins, below with prosternum reddish
brown but not as brown as breast, abdomen even
deeper brown, almost piceous, with apex paler,
densely punctate, elytra evenly costate.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, occiput, front, and clypeus densely
punctate, a slight depression on front, labrum pale
with anterior margin widely and shallowly emargi-
nate, jaws dark, head and prothorax slightly deeper
yellow than elytra. Antennae in type specimen
broken with only the four basal joints of one an-
tenna left, pale yellow. Prothorax wider than long
with a tooth at each corner, sides widest below
middle and faintly angulate, surface densely punc-
tate with narrow explanate margin a little deeper
reddish brown. Prosternum punctate, reddish
brown. Scutellum pale yellow brown. Elytra a little
wider than prothorax and about three times as long
with 8 costae of approximately same width on each
elytron and between first and second costae single
rows of punctures, in third interval and the two
following irregularly double rows of punctures be-
coming single near apex, 9th interval near margin
with single row of punctures. Margin and epi-
pleura deep brown, almost piceous. Body beneath
with prosternum paler than breast, which is dark
brown and abdomen still darker except apex which
is pale. Only one anterior leg left with first tarsal
joint broad, indicating the specimen is a male, one
hind leg, which is entire, rest missing. Length 4.5
mm; width 2.1 mm.
NUMBER 181
TYPE.?Male, in Fabricius' collection, Copen-
hagen, Denmark.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Habitat in America. Dom
Hybner.
REMARKS.?H. S. Barber has discussed at length
the confusion surrounding the name brunnea as
applied to the New Zealand Chrysomela brunnea
Fabricius, 1792, and the North American Galleruca
brunnea Fabricius, 1798. Barber wound up by writ-
ing that, although the International Code of Zoo-
logical Nomenclature requires replacement of the
specific homonym brunnea Fabricius, 1798, by a
substitute name, he would not propose one for a
species "whose identity may not be known for a
very long time." Barber did not live long enough
to know that the type of brunnea, 1798, was in
existence as shown by Mrs. Zimsen's book on the
Fabrician types, but he made a true guess as to
which species of the yellow brown costate North
American beetles corresponded with the Fabrician
type, as evidenced by his determinations on labels
in the collection "brunnea auct. H.S.B." I can see
no reason at this late date for proposing another
specific name for Colaspis brunnea. Fabricius first
described it as Galleruca brunnea and in 1801 put
Galleruca brunnea in Colaspis, Fabricius' own
genus. Fabricius always kept the New Zealand spe-
cies brunnea in Chrysomela. White in 1846 placed
the New Zealand brunnea in Colaspis, but Baly
listed it under his New Caledonia genus Demato-
chroma in 1881, and it was so designated by Le-
fevre in his catalog of the Eumolpids in 1885. In
1886, Sharp made a new genus for it, Eucolaspis,
thus disposing of it quite satisfactorily. Perhaps in
the brunnea 1798 case it could be considered as a
secondary homonym to be restored when the 1792
brunnea was removed to another genus. The one
specimen of Galleruca brunnea in the Fabrician
collection is the species that Barber suspected of
being brunnea, and it is probably the most wide-
spread species of Colaspis that occurs in the United
States and the most abundant in collections that I
have examined.
Colaspis brunnea is a good representative of a
group of the yellow brown costate species of
Colaspis that occurs in the United States. All of
these have much the same sort of elytral costation,
and the coloring above is pale yellow brown. Fur-
thermore, the aedeagi differ a little in each, but all
have the same general shape. These rather narrow
pale yellow species have 8 elytral costae of approxi-
mately the same width on each elytron, giving a
very ribby appearance to the beetles. In the suilla
group, on the other hand, there are only four prin-
cipal elytral costae on each elytron that are promi-
nent, although oftentimes there are narrower
costae between these prominent ones. In the type
specimen of brunnea there is a dark margin on the
prothorax and elytra and below, the prosternum is
reddish brown and the abdomen almost piceous.
This dark coloration of margins and undersurface
is found on most of the more northern specimens
from Vermont, Massachusetts, and New York, but
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania many have a pale
undersurface, and in the District of Columbia and
Virginia I have seen relatively few specimens with
a dark undersurface. From Virginia south I have
seen few specimens of brunnea. It is more common
in West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and even
in northern Texas; farther west it occurs in Michi-
gan, Iowa, Kansas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In all
of these the abdomen may or may not be dark. In
all the color of the antennae remains the same,
only the last joint, and rarely the tenth joint, is
dark. It has been repeatedly collected on Meibomia,
Desmodium, and Lespedeza, and also found on
strawberry, Prunus angustifolia, and peach, and
such vegetables as string beans and corn, also feed-
ing on cotton and peanuts.
From Say's (LeConte, 1859:196) description of
Eumolpus flavida it appears most likely that he had
C. brunnea before him. He gives for the locality
"inhabits the U.S.," but he specifies that "the insect
is common in Pennsylvania." The variety he de-
scribes as having the interstitial spaces of the elytra
black and body beneath black was obtained on
St. Peter's River (Pennsylvania). He wrote that this
black variety might easily be mistaken for a dis-
tinct species. This black one is probably C. suilla.
Unfortunately, however, there is little left of Say's
collection. In the LeConte collection in the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology there is one specimen
labeled "C. flavida Say," but it is doubtful if this is
Say's specimen. It is C. brunnea and the undersur-
face is not piceous black but a deep reddish brown.
In Horn's synonymy of C. brunnea he lists C.
flavicans Lefevre. I have borrowed the type of this
species, a female, from the Paris Museum. As Le-
fevre (1885:33) wrote, it is nearly twice as big as
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
C. brunnea and also differs in its proportions, the
elytra being four times a long as the prothorax.
Both head and prothorax are unusual in having
few punctures compared with most of the yellow
brown species, and on the elytra the punctures are
unusually fine, near the tip becoming single. More-
over, in coloring except for the dark apical joints
of the antennae, the beetle is entirely pale yellow
brown, fully living up to Lefevre's name flavicans.
The only reason I can see why Horn included this
under brunnea is that this type has the locality
label "America borealis." I have not seen any other
specimen like it from North America and have seen
only one other specimen, which bears the locality
label "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." This one appears
to be the same species, having the same smooth
head and flat, sparsely punctate pronotum. The
elytra also agree in punctation and in having
smooth apex.
Schaeffer synonymized Colaspis championi Jacoby
with brunnea, but that species too is much larger
and, aside from being yellow brown and costate,
bears little resemblance to the tiny brunnea. The
aedeagus is very different, showing that it does not
even belong in the brunnea group.
Colaspis louisianae, new species
FIGURE 3
DESCRIPTION.?From 4.0 to 5.0 mm in length,
oblong oval, entirely yellow brown except jaws and
7th and 3 apical antennal joints, which are dark;
elytral costae much as in brunnea except the two
nearest suture wider than rest.
Head with interocular space more than half width
of head, finely punctate over upper half with cly-
peus well defined and with scattered punctures,
labrum with small emargination, jaws alone dark.
Prothorax convex, densely punctate, sides faintly
angulate below middle, a tooth at each corner.
Scutellum pale. Elytra with 8 costae on each, first
two next to suture tending to be wider and flatter
and first two intervals more or less singly punctate.
Body beneath entirely pale. Length 4.0-5.0 mm;
width 2.5-3.0 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and 28 paratypes, USNM Type no.
26904.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Paincourtville, Louisiana, 19
June 1929, W. L. Haley, on soybeans.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Louisiana: Baton
Rouge, on fuchsia, rose, corn; Plaquemine, on tur-
nip; Crowley, on cotton; Jeanerette, on soybeans;
Lafayette, on cotton; Opelousa; Gueydan; St.
Charles Parish, on corn; Houma, on soybeans; Poy-
dras, on string beans.
REMARKS.?This species is close to C. brunnea,
but the coloring is consistently paler, the undersur-
face is never dark, the antennae have joints 7, 9,
10, and 11 dark. The first two elytral costae tend
to be wider than in brunnea. The aedeagus is dis-
tinctly angulate before the apex, and the beetles
average a little larger than the typical brunnea
specimens. It has been collected only from a small
area about Baton Rouge and Houma, Louisiana.
Colaspis floridana Schaeffer, new status
FIGURE 5
Colaspis brunnea var. floridana Schaeffer, 1933:471.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.0 and 5.5 mm in length,
oblong oval, yellow brown, sometimes pale reddish
brown, usually with deeper brown elytral punc-
tures, dark epipleura and dark apical joints of the
antennae, first two elytral costae wider than rest
with single lines of punctures between, sixth and
seventh lines single in basal part and eighth single.
Head with interocular space more than half its
width, usually densely punctate throughout with
clypeus clearly outlined, labrum emarginate ante-
riorly, jaws large and dark brown. Antennae vary-
ing considerably in color, some with apical joints
from 7 to 11 dark, others with only joints 7, 10,
and 11 dark, infrequently only last joint dark.
Prothorax with sides somewhat undulate, not very
clearly angulate below middle, moderately convex
and densely, not coarsely punctate. Scutellum pale.
Elytra a little wider than prothorax, yellowish or
reddish brown with deeper brown suture and usu-
ally dark epipleura, rows of punctures usually dark-
er brown, often alternating rather than being
geminate, and generally uneven in rows 1 and 2
singly punctate, rows 6 and 7 single in basal part
and row 8 entirely single. The two costae nearest
suture much wider than rest. Body beneath and
legs pale. Length 4.0-5.5 mm; width 2.2-2.5 mm.
NUMBER 181
Type and five paratypes in National Museum
of Natural History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Ft. Myers, Florida, August,
M. D. Leonard. Paratypes from Gainesville, Florida,
1927, J. S. Rogers.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?North Carolina:
Southern Pines; near Wilmington, on soybeans;
Richmond County. South Carolina: Charleston, on
roses, dahlias, hibiscus, geranium, cabbage; Clem-
son College; Johns Island, on peanuts; Florence, on
cotton; Saluda County. Georgia: Seminole County,
on beans and peas; Waycross, on rose; Thomasville;
Head River; Richland; Stewart County; Savannah,
on tomato, watermelon, okra, peanuts; Lake Park;
Tifton, on cotton; Albany, on peanuts. Florida:
Miami, on beans; Homestead, on avocado; Green
Cove Springs; Lakeland; Tampa, on Clathidium
versicarium; Hillsboro Beach, on Mirabila jalaba;
Cedar Key, on peanuts; Daytona Beach; LaCrosse;
Rock Bluff; Live Oak; Altha; Madison; Vernon;
Tallahassee; Quincy; Hilliard; Sanford; Yankee-
town; Fruitville; Hudson.
REMARKS.?Although differing in general appear-
ance from C. brunnea, this species belongs to the
brunnea group and has a very similar aedeagus. It
largely takes the place of brunnea in South Caro-
lina, Georgia, and Florida, although we do have
a few specimens of brunnea from those states, and
a few specimens of floridana in North Carolina.
Schaeffer described floridana as a variety of brun-
nea, but it is quite distinct, even the aedeagus is
slightly different in being less rounded and more
angulate. The real difference is in the costation of
the elytra, which in floridana have the first two
costae wider and separated by only a single row of
punctures. This tendency to single rows is found
also in the sixth and seventh rows in the basal part
and there is only a single row in the eighth. The
last antennal joints also are dark, often the last five
joints are dark. In the Florida specimens the elytral
punctures are darker than the costae, producing a
striped effect that is noticeable. In Cuba there is a
species I have named C. amplicosta that above is
like floridana in having wide costae near the su-
ture and single rows of punctures, but below it is
dark metallic green with green edges to the pro-
notum and elytra. It belongs to the brunnea group
having a similar sort of aedeagus.
Colaspis planicostata, new species
FIGURE 4
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.7 and 6.2 mm in length,
oblong oval, yellow brown above, usually with dark
margins and dark undersurface having a metallic
green luster, antennae pale with 7th and three
apical joints usually dark, elytral costae in most
specimens flat or only slightly raised except on
sides and at apex, first two near suture widest.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, cly-
peus clearly marked, labrum with anterior edge
shallowly emarginate, jaws dark, in some specimens
head behind eyes deeper brown. Antennae pale
with outer joints more or less dark. Prothorax mod-
erately convex, densely punctate, sides rounded
with little sign of angularity at middle, a tooth at
each corner, margins often dark but seldom metal-
lic. Scutellum pale. Elytra somewhat wider than
prothorax with 8 rows of punctures, the first and
last single, between these 8 rows bare intervals
which are usually costate only at apex and on sides,
first two near suture widest. Margin and epipleura
dark, sometimes metallic. Body beneath with mid-
dle of prosternum, breast, and abdomen usually
with metallic green luster, legs pale. Length 4.7-
6.2 mm; width 2.3-3.2 mm.
TYPE.?Male, USNM Type No. 26905, and 12
paratypes.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Brownsville, Texas, 10 June
1939, Thayer, collector.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Texas: San Beni-
to, on green beans; McAllen, on grape leaves, okra,
beans; Alamo, on alfalfa; Mission, on bean foliage;
Pharr, on okra leaves; Brownsville, on Palm fronds,
green beans, bell-pepper leaves; Esperanza Ranch;
Edinburg.
REMARKS.?The only specimens of this species so
far seen have come from the area in and about
Brownsville, Texas. The usually flat elytral costae
show elevated costae only at sides and apex and is
its most marked character. The coloring of the
undersurface differentiates it from C. brunnea and
C. louisianae and other U.S. species of the brunnea
group. In this green metallic luster of the under-
surface it is like several Mexican species such as
C. freyi Bechyne from Jalapa, Mexico, and still
another species from farther south in Mexico, both
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
of which belong in the brunnea group and have
even darker green undersurface. Both of these Mex-
ican species have prominently costate elytra and
somewhat differently shaped tips to the aedeagus.
There is a species in Cuba (C. amplicosta Blake)
with the undersurface all dark green, but that too
is distinctly costate and the elytra resemble C. flori-
dana in having wide costae near the suture. The
aedeagus is different.
Colaspis hesperia, new species
FIGURE 6
DESCRIPTION.?From 4.5-6.2 mm in length, elon-
gate oblong oval, pale yellow brown with abdomen
or sides of abdomen often deeper brown. Antennae
with terminal joint only dark, elytra with 8 regu-
larly spaced costae on each.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, clypeus
somewhat triangular with anterior margin widely
and faintly emarginate. Prothorax feebly angulate
or undulate on sides, moderately convex, often
rugously and densely punctate. Scutellum pale.
Elytra about three times as long as prothorax with
prominent costae, the two nearest suture being
wider, first and last intervals with single punctures.
Body beneath pale with abdomen or sides of abdo-
men sometimes deeper brown. Length 4.5-6.2 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and 19 paratypes, USNM Type
No. 26906.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Pina County, Arizona, 26 July
1934, T. P. Cassidy, on cotton.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Texas: Ysleta,
on cotton and lima beans; El Paso, on cotton and
alfalfa; Presidio, on cotton. New Mexico: Mesilla
Park, on grape foliage; Hatch; Dona Ana County,
on cotton; Torrance County; Bernalillo County;
Las Cruces; Las Vegas; Artesia. Arizona: Tucson;
Midvale Farm, on cotton; Higley; Nogales; Gila
Bend; Mt. Superstition; Phoenix, on alfalfa and
cotton; Tempe; Ruby; Santa Rita Mts.; Sunnyside.
Canyon; Huachuca Mts.; Santa Cruz County; Tu-
macacori Mts.; Pajarito Mts.; Sycamore Canyon.
REMARKS.?This close relative of C. brunnea
ranges from western Texas through New Mexico
to Arizona, and differs from brunnea in being gen-
erally a little larger with longer elytra and more
coarsely punctate pronotum. It is yellow brown
without dark margins or all dark undersurface,
only the sides of the abdomen are frequently dark-
er. The antennae as in brunnea are pale with only
the last joint dark. The aedeagus is with a very
wide tip and angulate, not rounded, before the tip,
as in brunnea.
Colaspis suilla (Fabricius)
FIGURES 7-9
Galleruca suilla Fabricius, 1801:417.
Colaspis suilla.?Olivier, 1808:492.?Horn, .1892:223.
Fabricus' description of Galleruca suilla is as
follows: ". . . nigro-aenea, obscura, elytris pedi-
busque cinereis. Habitat in Carolina, M. D. Bosc.
Statura omnino C. brunnea at caput, thorax, et
corpus nigra, aeneo obscure nitida." In Horn's re-
vision of the boreal North American species of
Colaspis, he has listed suilla as "variety" of brunnea
along with C. flavida Say, flavicans Lefevre and
costipennis Crotch. Horn described suilla briefly as
having a brown thorax with some metallic colora-
tion. And there the matter has stood for the past
80 years.
In 1950, I examined the Bosc collection in Paris
and found two specimens labeled "G. suilla Bosch,
in Caroline." At that time I wrote in my notes,
"This is not Colaspis but may be a species of
Metachroma," of which then I did not have the
intimate knowledge to name as to species. Later,
when I came to work on the genus Colaspis, I
noted that Olivier in describing suilla wrote that
the elytra were with "elevated lines" (costae) and
with rows of punctures between, which description
did not apply to the two specimens labeled "suilla"
in the Bosc collection. Following this description
Olivier described as Colaspis lurida the species I
had seen labeled "suilla" in the Bosc collection.
Olivier's illustration of lurida clearly shows the
single striate punctate elytra of a species of Meta-
chroma. Unfortunately, however, Olivier's illustra-
tion of suilla, next to that of lurida, does not show
clearly either the elevated lines or the two rows of
punctures that Olivier described, and even the
coloration is not like that of any species of Colaspis
that I know. This illustration has undoubtedly
been a deterrent to entomologists in recognizing
suilla.
Mrs. Zimsen in her book on the Fabrician types
NUMBER 181
lists one specimen of suilla in the Fabricius collec-
tion, and on my writing to Copenhagen about the
specimen, it was sent to me for study. It is not the
same as the specimens in the Bosc collection la-
beled "snilta," but a species of Colaspis that corre-
sponds with the brief Fabrician description. The
existence of this specimen in the Fabrician collec-
tion coupled with Olivier's clear description of it
are sufficient for me to decide that this one and
not the two in the Bosc collection should be re-
garded as the type of suilla. Possibly the two labeled
so in the Bosc collection are the result of some later
transference of the label from a lost or disintegrat-
ing specimen of Colaspis.
This specimen from Denmark represents a spe-
cies with dark brown, sometimes piceous, head and
prothorax and somewhat paler reddish brown
elytra, the elytra having dense punctation with
four narrow paler reddish brown costae on each
elytron. Probably this is the one that Say described
as a variety of Eumopus flavidus having "interstitial
spaces of the elytra black, beneath except feet
black." The beetles are considerably smaller, more
rotund and less elongate than in the group com-
prising C. flavocostata Schaeffer, C. pini and C. pini
schotti Barber, although in coloring they are sim-
ilar. Colaspis costipennis Crotch differs from all of
them by having usually a distinctly green protho-
rax and head also with greenish luster and fre-
quently the elytral punctures have an aeneous
luster. The wide, pale, polished, pale yellow costae
of costipennis are nearly as wide as the punctate
intervals and wider than in any other species from
the United States. Sometimes costipennis specimens
lack the aeneous coloring, being deep reddish
brown instead, but the wide elytral costae are al-
ways there to distinguish this species. This speci-
men from Denmark that I have chosen as lectotype of
suilla is the smallest specimen of the species that
I have seen. It is a male measuring approximately
3.5 mm in length. I have seen only two other speci-
mens that correspond very closely with the type,
one from Southern Pines, North Carolina, and the
other from Mt. Vernon, Alabama, both also males,
but somewhat larger. I have dissected both of these
and their aedeagi are not at all like that of C.
brunnea, being narrower and not bent before the
apex, and the apex is much narrower. Following is
my detailed description of the type specimen.
DESCRIPTION:?Approximately 3.5 mm in length,
oblong oval, moderately shiny, densely punctate,
with dark brown head and prothorax, beneath dark
brown, prosternum with very faint metallic blue
luster, abdomen reddish brown with tip paler,
elytra deep yellow brown, legs yellow brown, an-
tennae on type specimen broken with only eight
joints of one antenna left, which is pale yellow
brown with 7th and 8th joints dark.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, finely punctate above, clypeus also
finely punctate and not very distinctly outlined,
labrum yellow brown, faintly emarginate anteriorly.
Prothorax with sinuous or slightly angulate sides,
widest below middle, a tooth at each corner, mod-
erately convex, shining dark brown, very densely
and rather finely punctate. Scutellum brown. Ely-
tra three times as long as prothorax and a little
wider, yellow brown, very densely punctate between
the four very narrow elevated lines on each elytron
that are scarcely costate and without median lines
between the double rows of punctures in the inter-
vals. In interval near suture punctures becoming
single in apical part, in second interval single only
near apex, in third interval double almost to apex,
and in 4th interval mostly a single row next to
margin. Length 3.5-1.8 mm.
LECTOTYPE.?Male, in Fabricius' collection at
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Colaspis suilla borealis, new subspecies
FIGURE 11
There are other specimens with wider elytral
costae that are like the type in coloration, and
these specimens are somewhat larger and more
rotund. While not as large as C lata Schaeffer these
specimens are very similar in shape and coloring.
I believe that these beetles may be a northern sub-
species of suilla. The aedeagus is very much like
that of the ones from the South but a little wider.
I have chosen a series from Toronto, Canada, to
be the type series of this more northern race, which
I am calling C. suilla borealis, new subspecies.
TYPE.?Male, and two paratypes, USNM Type
No. 269 T3, three paratypes in South Dakota State
University, and two paratypes in California Acad-
emy of Sciences.
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Colaspis recurva, new species
FIGURE 22
DESCRIPTION.?From 4.4 to 5.1 mm in length,
oblong oval, entirely yellow brown except the last
two or three antennal joints, which are usually
dark, body beneath without any piceous or metallic
coloring; last abdominal sternite of the male with
a median tubercle strongly rounded and bent for-
ward over posterior margin of sternite.
Head with interocular space a little more than
half width of head, front and clypeus densely punc-
tate, labrum with anterior edge with small emar-
gination. Antennae pale with the last two or three
joints dark. Prothorax with rounded sides, seldom
angulate, a small tooth at each corner, surface
usually very densely punctate, sometimes deeper
yellow brown than elytra or pale with deeper irreg-
ular areas. Scutellum pale. Elytra with 4 costae on
each elytron, between which are flattened ones as
in specimens of C. crinicornis Schaeffer from
Brownsville; 1st, 2nd, and 8th rows of punctures
single and at least half of second row single. Body
beneath with an unusual development of the me-
dian tubercle on last sternite of the male. This
tubercle is strongly sclerotized, rounded and bent
forward over the posterior margin of sternite six.
Length 4.4-5.1 mm; width 2.3-2.8 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and 34 paratypes, USNM Type No.
26907.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Gainesville, Florida, on azalea
and camellia, May, June 1949, A. N. Tissot.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?North Carolina:
Southern Pines. South Carolina: Charleston. Geor-
gia: Savannah, on rose; Peach County, on Primus
mexicana; Brunswick. Mississippi: Meridian.
REMARKS.?Barber, in a short penciled descrip-
tion of this beetle among his papers, wrote that it
was similar in shape and sculpture to the type of
C. crinicornis Schaeffer but differed in the unusual
development of the tubercle on the abdomen in
the male that was recurved, and he gave it the
tentative specific name "recurvus" because of this
tubercle. The beetles are like C. crinicornis in an-
other respect?the elytra of many specimens appear
nearly smooth except on the sides and at the apex
where remains of costae are present. This is not
always so, however; some specimens show the four
prominent costae on each elytron as in the suilla
group. It is unlike suilla in that the beetles are
entirely pale yellow brown without any deeper
brown or metallic markings. The aedeagus also is
unlike any in the suilla group, being broad with a
wide tip, and it is not like the aedeagi in the
brunnea group, not being bent before the tip. The
beetles have been collected in North and South
Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi.
Colaspis carolinensis, new species
FIGURE 20
DESCRIPTION.?From 4.2-5.0 mm in length, ob-
long oval, pale yellow brown above with dark
margin on elytra and dark sutural margin, dark
margin about scutellum, breast and abdomen vary-
ing from being reddish brown to piceous, apical
three antennal joints dark, four wide costae on
each elytron, the two nearest suture widest.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, la-
brum even paler yellow with anterior margin
having small emargination, jaws alone dark. An-
tennae long, three or four apical joints dark. Pro-
thorax approximately twice as wide as long with
sides somewhat undulate, densely punctate and
often with dark margin. Scutellum dark around
the edges. Elytra three times as long as prothorax
with lateral and often sutural margins dark, lateral
margin and epipleura often with metallic luster.
Four costae on each elytron wider than intervening
ones, the two nearest suture usually widest, first
two intervals with single punctures most of their
length. Body beneath varying from deep reddish
brown to piceous. Length 4.2-5.0 mm; width 2.0-
2.7 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and seven paratypes, USNM Type
No. 26909.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?18 miles north of Charleston,
South Carolina, 7 June 1933, E. A. Chapin.
OTHER LOCALITIES.?South Carolina: Manning.
Florida: Suwanee Springs; Sebastian.
REMARKS.?This is another of the small yellow-
brown species of the suilla group with four more
prominent costae on each elytron. It is smaller than
C. recurva, and has dark, often metallic, trimmings
on the lateral elytral margin, and sometimes also
on the prothorax and suture. Unlike most of the
group, the aedeagus is rounded at the apex with a
NUMBER 181 11
tiny nodule in the middle. In some specimens,
notably the females, the elytral costae are some-
what flattened.
Colaspis keyensis, new species
FIGURE 21
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.2-4.5 mm in length,
oblong oval, yellow brown with head and protho-
rax somewhat deeper yellow brown, edges of
prothorax, elytra, and suture tending to be deeper
brown as well as body beneath, which sometimes
is nearly piceous, elytra with 4 prominent costae.
Head with interocular space a little wider than
half width of head, densely and finely punctate
throughout, labrum pale, very shallowly emargi-
nate, jaws dark. Antennae with apical two or three
joints tending to be darker. Prothorax not quite
twice as broad as long with sides rounded, some-
times faintly angulate, not very convex, surface
very densely punctate with lateral edges deeper
brown. Scutellum deeper brown than elytra. Elytra
nearly three times as long as prothorax and a little
wider, with 4 more prominent costae on each
elytron, the first two rows of punctures tending to
be single, also 8th row single, punctures large in
most specimens with very narrow costae between
the wider ones. Body beneath deeper brown, almost
piceous, first hind tarsal joint shorter than usual.
Length 4.2-4.5 mm; width 2.2-2.3 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and three paratypes (2 males, 1
female), USNM Type No. 26908.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Key West, Florida.
OTHER LOCALITIES.?"Tex."
REMARKS.?This is another of the suilla group
with four more prominent costae on each elytron
and much like C. rnrolinensis, having almost the
same coloring except a deeper brown prothorax.
The aedeagus, however, has a longer point at the
tip. There is one specimen labeled simply "Tex."
which has a similar aedeagus.
Colaspis crinicornis Schaeffer
FIGURES 17, 18
Colaspis crinicornis Schaeffer, 1933:469.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.5 and 6.0 mm in length,
oblong oval, pale yellow brown to deeper reddish
brown with the 2 apical joints of antennae dark
and undersurface deeper brown; prothorax broad
with curving, sometimes undulate, rarely subangu-
late sides, and densely punctate surface; elytra with
wide and usually flattened costae, margins some-
times faintly metallic.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, a
slight depression in middle of front; anterior mar-
gin of labrum widely emarginate, jaws deep brown.
Antennae pale witlj terminal and often part of
10th joint dark. Prothorax almost twice as wide as
long and moderately convex with curving sides,
sometimes undulate but rarely subangulate; surface
shining, densely punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra
not much wider than prothorax and about three
times as long; usually pale yellowish brown with
margin dark, sometimes faintly metallic, costae in
most specimens nearly flat except on sides and at
apex, first two wider than rest with single rows of
punctures between, 3rd row with alternating punc-
tures becoming single toward apex. Body beneath
deeper brown than above, sometimes with a slight
metallic luster on metasternum. Hind tibiae dilated
beneath at middle, more pronounced in male.
Length 4.5-6.0 mm; width 2.3-3.0 mm.
TYPE.?Male, in National Museum of Natural
History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Brownsville, Texas, O. Dietz.
REMARKS.?Except for one specimen labeled
"Mexico on mesquite leaves" all the specimens in
the NMNH collection are from Brownsville, Texas,
collected by various people, one by H. S. Barber.
One large female, about 6 mm long, is deep red-
dish brown and the first four rows of elytral punc-
tures on one elytron are single, but on the other
elytron rows three and four have mostly alternate
punctures. The lack of elevated costae is similar
to that found in C. recunm, but C. crinicornis is a
larger beetle with a very different aedeagus.
Colaspis crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies
FIGURE 19
DESCRIPTION.?In southeastern Louisiana, about
Baton Rouge and Houma, occurs what appears to
be a subspecies of this Brownsville beetle. It is of
still larger size and the elytra are mainly with ele-
vated costae. Some from Lockport, however, have
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
costae as flat as those from Brownsville. A series
of 26 specimens from Houma collected on corn
are larger than any other costate species of Colaspis
that occurs in the United States except C. cham-
pioni Jacoby. These measure from 5.7 to 6.8 mm in
length. They are also broader than any except C.
lata Schaeffer. In fact, H. S. Barber has written
"near lata" on one, but the elytra are longer in
proportion to the prothorax than in lata. These
Houma specimens came from Dr. F. H. Chitten-
den's collection and he had put a red type label
with a USNM type number on one specimen, show-
ing that he had recognized it as new. He did not
live to describe or even give it a name, so I am
naming it as a subspecies of C. crinicornis, which
it appears to resemble in most ways except in hav-
ing elevated costae and being larger; it has a sim-
ilar aedeagus. And I am naming it after the man
for whom I first worked in the Bureau of Ento-
mology, who was a good friend to me in those
early days.
TYPE.?Male, and 25 paratypes USNM Type No.
26915.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Houma, Louisiana, on corn,
13 June 1925, N. J. Rodriguez.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Louisiana: Lock-
port, on sugarcane; St. Charles, on corn; Taft, on
sugarcane; Lucy; Wells Point.
Colaspis lata Schaeffer
FIGURE 16
Colaspis lata Schaeffer, 1933:469.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 5.0 and 6.5 mm in length,
broadly oblong oval, yellowish or reddish brown
with head and prothorax often darker, elytra with
4 prominent paler costae on each, punctures being
deeper reddish brown, usually undersurface dark
with metallic green luster, margins of elytra also
metallic, sometimes elytral punctures faintly
aeneous; apical two or three antennal joints dark.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, front and upper part of clypeus
densely and coarsely punctate, a median depression
often in middle of front, labrum pale with emargi-
nation anteriorly, jaws dark. Antennae with apical
joints dark, sometimes 7th joint dark too. Protho-
rax twice as broad as long with sides rounded,
scarcely at all angulate, a small tooth at each cor-
ner, surface densely punctate. Scutellum brown.
Elytra a little wider than prothorax, about a third
longer than wide, with 4 pale costae on each ely-
tron, intervals geminate punctate, often with little
trace of lesser costae in basal half, deeper brown
than costae; punctures in single row in first interval
near suture, and in row next to margin mostly
single; margin and epipleura usually with dark
blue or aeneous luster, elytral punctures often
faintly metallic. Body beneath with middle of
prostemum, breast and abdomen usually dark,
often with metallic luster. Legs pale. Length 5.0-
6.5 mm; width 2.3-2.5 mm.
Two cotypes in National Museum of Natural
History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Harrison, Nebraska.
OTHER LOCALITIES?Nebraska: Meadow. S. Da-
kota: Platte; Warner; Ft. Thompson; Vermillion;
Chamberlain; Springfield. New Mexico. Colorado.
Canada: Toronto. Kansas: Manhattan; West Kan-
sas; Ellsworth; Gove County; Douglas County;
Clark County; Madison. Iowa: Iowa City; Council
Bluffs. Wisconsin. Utah. Texas: Dallas. Georgia.
Louisiana: Covington.
REMARKS.?This is the broadest of the yellow-
brown costate species in the United States. C. crini-
cornis chittendeni, new subspecies, alone approaches
it in width, but in that species the elytra are
longer and the beetle more of the usual propor-
tions. In C. lata the elytra are short and wide. In
fact, the beetle appears like a much enlarged female
specimen of C. suilla in general shape and coloring.
Except for a specimen from Toronto, Canada, and
another labeled "Ga." all the rest have come from
the Midwest from Texas and Louisiana to Utah,
Colorado, and New Mexico. I doubt if the "Ga."
label is correct.
Colaspis pint Barber
FIGURE 15
Colaspis pini Barber, 1937:201.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.5 and 5.7 mm in length,
elongate oblong oval, not very shiny, yellowish or
rusty reddish brown, sometimes with entirely yellow-
brown antennae, but often with apical joints dark;
prothorax densely punctate, elytra with somewhat
NUMBER 181 13
paler costae than intervals with punctures, punc-
tures sometimes with a taint purplish or aeneous
luster, margins dark, often with metallic luster.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, a median line down front, densely
punctate throughout, clypeus distinctly outlined,
labrum with small anterior emargination, jaws
deep brown or piceous. Antennae varying from
being entirely pale to having 5 apical joints dark.
Prothorax wider than long and with rounded, some-
what undulate sides, moderately convex, very
densely punctate usually with dark metallic mar-
gin. Scutellum brown. Elytra more than three times
as long as prothorax and somewhat wider, each
with 8 costae, the intervening ones being very nar-
row, punctate intervals mostly with double rows of
punctures that often have a greenish or purplish
luster. Epipleura metallic green or purple. Body
beneath and legs yellow brown, prosterrtum often
with aeneous luster. Length 4.5-5.7 mm; width
2.3-2.7 mm.
TYPE.?In National Museum of Natural History,
with 171 para types.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Elizabeth, Louisiana, feeding
on longleaf pine, 7 July 1924, R. M. Hallowell.
Localities of paratypes from various southern areas.
H. S. Barber, contrary to my practice, did not re-
strict his paratypes to the locality of the type.
OTHER LOCALITIES.?Louisiana: Ponchatoula;
Covington; Woodworth; Slidell. Mississippi: Ocean
Springs; Kiln; 5 m east of Longtown. Arkansas:
Hope.
REMARKS.?The rusty reddish brown overall col-
oration of these beetles coupled with their elongate
elytra are the distinguishing marks of this species.
Beyond that, the aedeagus is unusually long for the
costate United States species and at the apex is not
bent and is without the usual sharp tip. While the
beetles resemble C. flavocostata Schaeffer in shape
and often in color, the aedeagus is altogether
different.
Colaspis pini schotti Barber
FIGURE 14
Colaspis pini schotti Barber, 1937:201.
TYPE.?And allotype in National Museum of
Natural History (paratype of C. flavocostata
Schaeffer).
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Greenwood Lake, New Jersey,
29 July 1930, F. M. Schott.
REMARKS.?As Barber has stated, both C. pint
and C. pini schotti are very similar to C. flavocos-
tata except the coloring is darker rusty brown. It
might be added too that in these the prothorax
appears wider and the eyes farther apart than in
flavocostata. C. pini schotti from New Jersey dif-
fers from C. pini chiefly in the shape of the aedea-
gus, which is shorter and the tip has a distinct
nodule that is lacking in pini. Barber (1937)
stated that he was unable to differentiate the speci-
mens "geographically intermediate," as those from
Maryland to South Carolina were all females. Later
he collected 11 specimens from 8 miles northeast
of Washington, D.C., of which several were males,
and he was able to identify them as the subspecies
schotti. In these specimens the coloring is less rusty
and more golden brown.
Colaspis flavocostata Schaeffer
FIGURE 12
Colaspis flavocostata Schaeffer, 1933:470.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.6 and 5.4 mm in length,
elongate oblong oval, head and prothorax an
aeneous dark yellow brown, elytra with 4 pale yel-
low costae on each, intervals being dark yellow
brown with aeneous luster, punctures frequently
green, antennae with apical joints dark, body be-
neath dark brown with aeneous luster.
Head with interocular space scarcely more than
half width of head, densely punctate throughout,
often with shallow frontal depression, clypeus well
marked, labrum with a shallow emargination ante-
riorly, usually head deep yellow brown with an
aeneous luster, labrum pale yellow brown, jaws
deep brown to piceous. Antennae unusually long
and slender with outer joints dark. Prothorax wider
than long, usually rounded at sides, sometimes sub-
angulate, not very convex, densely punctate, deep
yellow brown usually with aeneous luster, margins
both lateral and basal greenish. Scutellum dark
brown. Elytra wider than prothorax and more than
three times as long, with 4 pale costae on each,
intervals being darker brown with double rows of
punctures, each pair separated by a more or less
distinct lesser costa not as pale or wide as the four
more conspicuous costae, punctures often aeneous
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
green. Body beneath usually dark with an aeneous
luster, legs pale. Length 4.6-5.4 mm; width 2.3-
2.5 mm.
TYPE.?Type and allotype in National Museum
of Natural History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Chipola Lake, Florida.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Florida: Crescent
City; Pensacola, on blueberry. Georgia: Milner.
South Carolina: Francis Marion National Forest.
Mississippi: Gulfport; De Soto Forest. Louisiana:
Covington.
REMARKS.?This species has a coloration some-
what similar to C. costipennis Crotch but is a more
elongate beetle with longer elytra and not so con-
spicuous elytral pale costae. In his original descrip-
tion of C. flavocostata, Schaeffer named the type-
locality as Chipola Lake, Florida, and in a foot-
note stated that he had seen some specimens taken
at Greenwood Lake, New Jersey, "which agree in
every respect with the Florida specimens." He
named these as paratypes. Barber at first believed
these New Jersey specimens were conspecific with a
Louisiana beetle that he had described as Colaspis
pint, but upon dissection he found that the aedea-
gus of the New Jersey specimens was different from
that of either flavocostata or his Louisiana species,
C. pini, and Barber described it as C. pini schotti.
These three, C. flavocostata, C. pini, and C. pini
schotti, are all so similar in appearance that Barber
wrote that they were "externally almost identical."
They are to be distinguished only by the aedeagus.
In consequence, there are very few specimens iden-
tified as flavocostata in the National Museum of
Natural History collection, and these are necessarily
males that have been dissected to be certain they
are that species. There are numerous females that
may be flavocostata from Florida, Louisiana, North
Carolina, and even Virginia, but these are all with-
out metallic luster.
Colaspis flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies
FIGURE 13
DESCRIPTION.?A series of six specimens collected
at Avalon, New Jersey, and six others from various
localities in New Jersey are very close to flavocos-
tata with a similar aedeagus, but there are minor
differences?the eyes are farther apart, the length
of the first hind tarsal joint is shorter, the costae
flatter in most specimens, and the elytral punctures
coarser, the coloring without metallic luster except
on the epipleura, the head and prothorax are deep-
er yellow brown than the elytra but not at all
aeneous, and neither does the dark brown under-
surface have any metallic luster. I believe they can
be regarded as a new subspecies of flavocostata and
am naming them C. flavocostata avaloni.
TYPE.?Male, and five paratypes, USNM Type
No. 26914.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Avalon, New Jersey, George M.
Greene collector.
OTHER LOCALITIES.?New Jersey: Lock port; Stone
Harbour; Atlantic City; Helmbach; Anglesea; all
collected by George M. Greene.
Colaspis costipennis Crotch, new status
FIGURE 23
Colaspis brunnea var. costipennis Crotch, 1873:44 Horn,
1892:223.
Colaspis crotchi Lefevre, 1877:142.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.5 and 5.5 mm in length,
oblong oval, head and prothorax aeneous green or
a very dark piceous with faint aeneous luster, body
beneath brown with aeneous luster. Antennae with
five apical joints dark, elytra with punctate inter-
vals brown, often punctures faintly aeneous, 4 wide,
pale yellow costae on each elytron.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, clypeus not clearly divided from
front, and all densely punctate, shining green with
labrum pale yellow brown and jaws dark brown.
Antennae with last apical joints dark, sometimes 7th
to 11th joints dark. Prothorax with rounded sides,
rarely a little angulate, not very convex, shining
aeneous green or reddish brown with aeneous lus-
ter, densely and often coarsely punctate. Scutellum
dark brown. Elytra with 4 wide, pale yellow costae
on each, intervals brown, varying from pale reddish
brown to deep brown with punctures often aeneous;
epipleura dark metallic. Body beneath with aeneous
luster, legs pale. Length 4.5-5.5 mm; width 2.2-
2.5 mm.
TYPE.?In Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard College. Three specimens in the LeConte
collection with type label no. 28447 on one.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Type with a pink disc indicat-
ing Middle States (New York, Pennsylvania).
NUMBER 181 15
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Massachusetts:
Ipswich; Bailey's Bog; Wareham. New York:
Cutchogne, L.I. New Jersey: Clemen ton; Brown's
Mill; Lakehurst; DaCosta; Atsion; Malaga; White's
Bog, on blueberry. Washington, D.C.: 9 miles
northeast. Virginia. North Carolina: Muncy, on
grape; Wilmington, on azalea. South Carolina: Pon-
tiac, on grape. Georgia: Atlanta; Albany, on wild
aster; Macon; Chester. Florida: Enterprise; Jack-
sonville; Tampa; Haulover; Orlando. Alabama:
Jackson; Mobile. Mississippi: Wiggins, on grape.
Louisiana: Perdicto Beach, on pecan.
REMARKS.?Lefevre and later writers recognized
that Crotch's C. costipennis is more than a variety
of C. brunnea, but that it is a very distinct species,
not like any other in the United States. It is the
only eastern species of Colaspis with usually a dis-
tinctly greenish head, prothorax, and undersurface,
and is easily recognized by the four broad, pale
yellow costae on each elytron. Some of the Florida
specimens are paler and the head and prothorax
as well as undersurface lack the green luster, being
only reddish brown, but even in these the four
wide, pale elytral costae remain its distinctive
feature.
As stated in my introduction, Lefevre described
a species of Colaspis from Argentina, naming it
C. costipennis, and renamed Crotch's species, pub-
lished four years earlier, as C. crotchi. I am correct-
ing this nearly a hundred years later.
Colaspis viridiceps Schaeffer
FIGURE 24
Colaspis viridiceps Schaeffer, 1933:468.
DESCRIPTION.?From 4.4 to 5.5 mm in length,
elongate oblong oval, pale yellow brown, with
head usually with aeneous luster, margins of pro-
thorax and elytra and undersurface also aeneous,
femora dark at apex, costae on elytra rather flat.
Head with interocular space a bit over half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, cly-
peus rectangular with no dividing lines, base of
head and labrum yellowish brown, rest green, la-
brum widely emarginate anteriorly, jaws reddish
brown. Apical joints of antennae from 7 to 11
more or less dark. Prothorax not quite twice as
wide as long with sides usually angulate below
middle, a tooth at each corner, not very convex,
densely punctate, pale yellow brown with lateral
margin usually aeneous, basal margin dark. Scutel-
lum dark. Elytra three times as long as prothorax
and a little wider with flattened costae except on
sides, first two rows of punctures near suture single
and marginal one also single, in other rows punc-
tures often alternating or single in part and un-
usually fine. Body beneath and epipleura dark
aeneous, apex of hind femora and sometimes rest
of femora dark. Length 4.4-5.5 mm; width 2.2-
2.4 mm.
TYPE.?In National Museum of Natural History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Wheatfields near Globe, Ari-
zona, Duncan collector.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Arizona: Tucson;
Pima County; Nogales; Santa Cruz County; near
Bisbee Junction, on Verbesina enceliodes; Douglas,
on Ximenesia exauriculata; Sakuente, on cotton;
Roll, on alfalfa; 20 miles east of Casa Grande; Pinal
County; Montezuma Pass; 6 miles west St. Xavier
reservation; Patagonia; Florence; Arivaca Creek;
Pima County. Mexico: Acapulco; Iguala; Taxco.
Michoacan: Morelia; Tepic; Nayarit; Mulage.
Lower California: San Domingo; Comonda. Sina-
loa: Los Mochis; 26 miles north of Pericos. Sonora:
Alamos; Hermosilla; Desenboque; San Bernardino;
Rio Maya.
REMARKS.?This is essentially a Mexican species
that ranges from southern Arizona through Lower
California and Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Michoacan
to Guerrero, and throughout its long range there
is little variation. Schaeffer's name "viridiceps"
identifies this slender, pale yellow costate species
with the conspicuously shining green head and
undersurface. Several hundred specimens in the
National Museum of Natural History collection are
from Roll, Arizona, where it was collected on
alfalfa.
Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer
FIGURE 25
Colaspis brunnea var. viriditincta Schaeffer, 1919:329.
Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer, 1933:468.
DESCRIPTION.?From 5-6 mm in length, oblong
oval, head and prothorax and body beneath often
aeneous green; elytra yellowish or reddish brown,
frequently with aeneous luster to scutellum, punc-
tures often aeneous, apex of femora, sometimes
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
apices of tibiae and tarsal joints dark, elytral costae
not much elevated except at apex, punctures large.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout without
definite outlines about clypeus, shining green except
the reddish-brown labrum and mouthparts, ante-
riorly labrum widely and shallowly emarginate.
Antennae with 5 basal joints pale, apical 5 or 6
tending to be dark. Prothorax convex with rounded
sides, often somewhat angulate below middle, a
small tooth at each corner, shining metallic green,
densely but not coarsely punctate. Scutellum green.
Elytra more than three times as long as prothorax
and somewhat wider, convex, with evenly spaced
but rather flat, except at apex, costae, intervals
filled with coarse geminate punctures except in
first row which is partially single; yellowish or red-
dish brown with punctures often aeneous, area
about scutellum and down suture also often
aeneous, margin either lavender or aeneous, epi-
pleura pale. Body beneath with prosternum and
often breast and abdomen aeneous, apical sternite
of abdomen pale. Legs pale with apex of femora
and sometimes tip of tibiae and tarsal joints dark.
Hind tibiae of male dilated at middle. Length 5-6
mm; width 2.4?3 mm.
TYPE.?In National Museum of Natural History.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Douglas, Arizona, F. H. Snow.
Also collected there by W. W. Jones.
OTHER LOCALITIES?Arizona: Tempe; E. W.
Walker; Nogales; Moznette; Tucson; Pima County.
REMARKS.?F. H. Chittenden, in whose collection
were the 46 specimens collected at Tempe, Arizona,
had labeled this as a new species. I suspect that
C. viriditincta may also occur in Mexico, although
we have no specimens from there in any collection
that I have seen. It has a coloration somewhat sim-
ilar to C. costipennis Crotch, but it is larger and
the elytral costae are twice as many as in C. costi-
pennis. Schaeffer has noted another peculiarity,
that is, in the male the posterior tibiae are strongly
dilated at the middle, a character found in several
other species, mostly Mexican.
Colaspis melaina, new species
FIGURE 26
DESCRIPTION.?Between 4.7 and 6.0 mm in length,
elongate oblong oval, entirely dark yellowish brown
to piceous, head, margin of prothorax and margin
of elytra as well as epipleura and body beneath
often with bluish or faint aeneous luster, feet most-
ly dark. Antennae with paler brown basal joints
and black outer joints. Elytra with 8 evenly spaced
costae on each elytron.
Head with interocular space more than half
width of head, densely punctate throughout, cly-
peus almost square, labrum and jaws reddish
brown, rest of head black with bluish or aeneous
luster. Antennae often entirely dark but in paler
specimens basal joints dark yellowish brown. Pro-
thorax wider than long, rather flat with sides faintly
angulate below middle and a tooth at each corner,
surface densely punctate, margin often with metallic
greenish or bluish luster. Scutellum dark. Elytra
nearly three times as long as prothorax and a little
wider, usually not as deep in coloring as prothorax
with paler deep yellowish brown areas at base and
along sides, three specimens of moderately dark
yellow-brown color with suture and lateral margins
alone black; eight costae of approximately same
width on each elytron; punctures between large,
first and second rows and marginal row single. Body
beneath and legs dark, in paler specimens dark
yellowish brown, body often with metallic luster.
Length 4.7-6.0 mm; width 2.2-2.7 mm.
TYPE.?Male, and 11 paratypes, USNM Type No.
26911.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Hereford, Arizona, W. W.
Jones, on Ambrosia apt era.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Arizona: Portal,
at light; Patagonia, on Datura; Nogales, on weeds;
Douglas.
REMARKS.?In appearance this beetle looks like
a black form of C. brunnea (Fabricius) with the
same strongly ribbed elytra having eight rows of
costae of equal width on each elytron. In reality it
is not at all closely related to that species, as the
aedeagus is utterly different from that of the brun-
nea group, all of which have an aedeagus strongly
bent at the apex. In this black species the aedeagus
is not bent but has a long, pointed tip. In this
regard it strongly resembles the aedeagus of C.
x'iridiceps, a species in which the elytral costae are
flatter, and the color of the beetles pale yellow
brown, with distinctly green trimmings. Colaspis
melaina has been collected only in the most south-
ern part of Arizona along the Mexican border. I
have been unable to find the description of any
NUMBER 181 17
Mexican species corresponding to it, however, nor
have I seen any specimens like it from Mexico.
Colaspis inconspicua Jacoby from Panama is a
larger beetle with a more aeneous luster on the
upper surface.
Colaspis championi Jacoby
FIGURE 27
Colaspis championi Jacoby, 1881:137-138.
Colaspis simplicipes Bechyne, 1950:253-254.
DESCRIPTION.?Between 7.0 and 9.0 mm in length,
oblong oval, yellowish or pale reddish brown, with
aeneous green edges to prothorax and elytra and
sometimes elytral punctures, prosternum in middle
and often breast aeneous, each elytron with 4 more
prominent costae, all rather flat; punctures between
mostly geminate except in rows near suture and
margin.
Head with interocular space a little more than
half its width, densely punctate over occiput and a
few punctures on clypeus, smooth over tubercles
and lower part of clypeus, punctures often shining
metallic. Labrum with small emargination ante-
riorly, jaws piceous. Antennae pale with joints 7,
10, and 11 dark. Prothorax approximately twice as
wide as long and almost as wide as elytra, with sides
more or less angulate below middle, yellow brown
with very dense punctation and aeneous lateral and
basal margins. Scutellum pale. Elytra more than
three times as long as prothorax, each elytron with
4 more prominent but rather flat costae, between
which double rows of geminate punctures except
in rows next to suture and margin, punctures often
with aeneous sheen and rather large, leaving only
very narrow midcostae, lateral margins of elytra
aeneous. Body beneath with middle and sometimes
entire prosternum, often breast, in part, aeneous.
Abdomen usually yellow brown. Hind tibiae in
male not dilated. Length 7.0-9.0 mm; width 3.5-
4.5 mm.
COTYPES.?In British Museum (Natural History)
and in Bowditch collection, Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, Harvard, in latter, two specimens
from San Geronimo, Guatemela, two from Presidio,
Mexico, and one from Jalapa, Mexico.
TYPE.?Type of C. simplicipes Bechyne from
Volcan Colima, Mexico, in Zoologische Staatso-
sammlung, in Munich, paratype in Frey Museum.
OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.?Arizona: Doug-
las; San Bernardino Ranch; Hereford, on corn silk.
Mexico. Guatemala.
REMARKS.?There can be no doubt that Bechyne's
species, C. simplicipes, is a synonym of C. championi
Jacoby. I have dissected a male paratype of Bechyne's
and found the same shaped aedeagus as in C. cham-
pioni, a shape unusual in the genus because of the
long narrow tip. This is essentially a Mexican
species that just crosses the border on the edge of
Arizona. It is the largest species to occur in the
United States. Colaspis championi might easily be
confused with another species from Mexico and
Central America that so far has not been found in
the United States. Jacoby called this species C. gem-
mingeri Harold. Now Harold described C. gemmin-
geri from Brazil and Jacoby noted that there were
small differences in the Brazilian species in the
shape of the elytra. Bowditch also noted a differ-
ence in the swelling on the underside of the hind
tibiae, in the male, and named this Mexican species
C. confusa, describing it briefly in a line and a half.
C. championi is entirely without this swelling. It
is the palest of the three, often only the undersur-
face and lateral margins being aeneous, although
sometimes the elytral punctures show aeneous glit-
ter. C. confusa is greener, and C. gemmingeri is
greenest. But the clearest differences are to be found
in their aedeagi.
Colaspis championi Jacoby is very close to still
another Central American species not yet described.
In fact some of Jacoby's specimens under championi
may possibly be this other species. Of the five speci-
mens in the Bowditch collection only two from Pre-
sidio, Mexico, are males, and it is necessary in this
case to dissect for the aedeagus to be certain which
is C. championi. So for this reason I am making a
lectotype of C. championi of one of the males from
Presidio.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Literature Cited
Barber, H. S.
1937. Some Species of Colaspis from the brunnea Con-
fusion. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, 38 (9): 198, 201.
Bechyne, Jan
1950. Notes sur les Eumolpides Americains. Mitieilungen
Muenchener Entmologischen Gesellschaft, 40:253-
254, 274.
Bigger, J. H.
1931. The Grape Colaspis as a Corn Pest in Illinois.
Transactions of the Illinois Academy, 24 (31):235-
240.
Brown, W. J.
1961. Notes on North American Chrysomelidae. Canadian
Entomologist, 93 (2):973.
Crotch, G. R.
1873. Material for the Study of the Phytophaga of the
United States. Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 25:44.
Fabricius, J. C.
1798. Entomologiae Systema. Supplement, page 94.
1801. Systema Eleutheratorum. Volume 1, pages 411, 417.
Gowdey, C. C.
1926. The Banana Fruit Scarring Beetle (C. hypochlora
Lef.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17:137.
Horn, G. H.
1892. The Eumolpinae of Boreal North America. Trans-
actions of the American Entomological Society, 19:
196, 223.
Jacoby, Martin
1881. Coleoptera. Number 1 in volume 6 in Godman and
Salvin, editors, Biologia Centrali-Americana. Pages
137-138.
Latreille, P. A.
1810. Considerations Generates sur I'Ordre Natural des
Animaux. 432 pages.
LeConte, J. L.
1859. The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the
Entomology of North America. Volume 2, page 196.
Lefevre, M. Ed.
1877. Coleopteres nouveaux un peu connus. Annales So-
ciete Entomologique de France, 5 (7): 142.
1885. Eumolpidarum Catalogus. Memoires de la Societe
Royal des Sciences de Liege, series 2, 11:33.
Olivier, A. G.
1808. Entomologie . . . Coleopteres. Volume 6, pages 492,
891.
Salt, George
1928. A Study of Colaspis hypochlora Lef. Bulletin of
Entomological Research, 19:295.
Schaeffer, Charles
1906. On New and Known Genera and Species of the
Family Chrysomelidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn
Museum, 1 (9):236.
1919. Notes on Chrysomelidae. Journal of the New York
Entomological Society, 27:329.
1933. Short Studies in the Chrysomelidae. Journal of the
New York Entomological Society, 41:466?4^1.
NUMBER 181 19
dth
FIGURES 1-6.?I, 2, Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius); 3, C. louisianae, new species; 4, C. planicostata,
new species; 5, C. fioridana Schaeffer; 6, C. hesperia, new species.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURES 7 -11?7-9 , Colaspis suilla (Fabricius); 10, C. flavicans LeFevre; 11, C. suilla borealis,
new subspecies.
NUMBER 181 21
12
db
FIGURES 12-15.?12, Colaspis flawcostata Schaeffer; 13, C. flavocoslata avaloni, new subspecies;
14, C. pini schotti Barber; 15, C. pini Barber.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
17
cH>
FIGURES 16?19.?16, Colaspis lata Schaeffer; 17, 18, C. crinicornis Schaeffer; 19, C. crinicornis
chittendeni, new subspecies.
NUMBER 181 23
FIGURES 20-24.?20, Colaspis carolinensis, new species; 21, C. keyensis, new species; 22, C. recurva,
new species; 23, C. costipennis Crotch; 24, C. viridiceps Schaeffer.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
d-b
FIGURES 25-27.?25, Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer; 26, C. melaina, new species;
27, C. championi Jacoby.
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end of the paper under "Literature Cited." Begin each taxon at the left margin with subse-
quent lines indented about three spaces. Within an entry, use a period-dash (.?) to separate
each reference. Enclose with square brackets any annotation in, or at the end of, the entry.
For references within the text, use the author-date system: "(Jones, 1910)" and "Jones
(1910)." If the reference is expanded, abbreviate the data: "Jones (1910:122, pi. 20: fig. 1)."
Simple tabulations in the text (e.g., columns of data) may carry headings or not, but they
should not contain rules. Formal tables must be submitted as pages separate from the text, and
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"Figure 9b." If illustrations (usually tone photographs) are printed separately from the text as
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In the bibliography (usually called "Literature Cited"), spell out book, journal, and
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