SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 64, NUMBER 3CAMBRIANGEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
IIINo. 3.-CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES(With Plates 24 to 38)
BYCHARLES D. WALCOTT
(Publication 2370)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONJANUARY 14, 1916
ZU BoTi (§&Uimoxe (prceBALTIMORE, MD., U. S A.
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGYIIINo. 3.—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITESBy CHARLES D. WALCOTT(With Plates 24 to 38)CONTENTS PAGEIntroduction 160Change in stratigraphic position 161Descriptions of genera and species 161Order Proparia Beecher 161Family Menomonidae, new family 161Menomonia, new genus 161Menomonia calymenoides (Whitfield) (pi. 26, figs. 4, ^a-d) . . 162Millardia, new genus 163Millardia avitas, new species (pi. 28, figs. 5, 5a-c) 165Millardia optata (Hall) (pi. 28, figs. 4, 4a-/) 165Millardia seniele, new species (pi. 28, figs. 3, 3a-c) 166Drcsbachia, new genus 166Drcsbachia adnata, new species (pi. 26, figs. 5, 5a-c) 167Norwoodidae, new family 168Norwoodia, new genus 168Norwoodia gracilis, new species (pi. 27, figs. 2, 2a-g) 169Norwoodia ponderosa, new species (pi. 28, figs, i, la-b) 171Norwoodia saffordi, new species (pi. 27, figs, i, la-f) 171Norwoodia simplex, new species (pi. 27, figs. 3, 3a-b) 171Norwoodia tenera, new species (pi. 28, figs. 2, 2a-g) 172Order Opisthoparia Beecher 1 73Genus Agraulos Corda " 173Agraulos stator, new species (pi. 36, fig. 6) 173Genus Acrocephalites Wallerius 174Acrocephalites americanus, new species (pi. 24, figs. 2, 2a-b
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2, Za-b) 177Acrocephalites aoris, new species (pi. 26, figs. 3, ^a-b) 178Acrocephalites ? aster, new species (pi. 26, figs. 9, ga-c) 178Acrocephalites ? glomeratus, new species (pi. 26, figs. 7, ya) . . 179Acrocephalites haynesi, new species (pi. 24, figs. 4, 40-&) 179Acrocephalites insignis, new species (pi. 25, figs, i, la-b) .... 179Acrocephalites ? majus, new species (pi. 26, fig. i) 180Acrocephalites multisegmcntus, new species (pi. 24, figs. 5, 5a) 180Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 64, No. 3 157
158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Descriptions of genera and species—Continued.Order Opisthoparia Beecher—Continued. pageAcrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin) (pi. 24, figs, i, la-b) . [81Acrocephalites tutus, new species (pi. 24, figs. 6, 6a) 181Acrocephalites ? vulcanus (Billings) (pi. 26, fig. 2) 182Genus Alokistocare Lorenz 182Alokistocare althea, new species (pi. 25, figs. 3, za, 4, 4^) 184Alokistocare ? labrosum, new species (pi. 25, figs. 5, 50) 184Alokistocare linnarssoni (Walcott) (pi. 25, figs. 7, ja) 185Alokistocare poniona, new species (pi. 25, fig. 6) 186Alokistocare ? prospectense (Walcott) (pi. 25, fig. 8) 186Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield) (pi. 25.fig. 2) 187Alokistocare ticida, new species (pi. 26, figs. 6, 6a) 187Genus Lonchocephalus Owen 188Lonchocephalus appalachia, new species (pi. 35, figs. 6, 6a-e) . 190Lonchocephalus bunus, new species (pi. 34, figs. 9, ga) 190Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen (pi. 34, figs. 3, 3a;pl- 37) 190Lonchocephalus minor (Shumard) (pi. 34, figs. 8, Ba-h) 192Lonchocephalus minutus (Bradley) (pi. 34, figs. 4, 40-^).... 193Lonchocephalus pholus, new species (pi. 34, figs, i, la-b) 194Lonchocephalus plena, new species (pi. 34, figs. 2, 2a) 194Lonchocephalus sospita, new species (pi. 36, figs, i, la) I95Saratogia, new genus 19SSaratogia arses, new species (pi. 35, figs. 4, 4a-&) 196Saratogia aruno, new species (pi. 35, figs. 5, 5a-&) 196Saratogia calcifera (Walcott) (pi. 34, figs. 6, 6a-e) 197Saratogia hera, new species (pi. 35, figs. 3, Z(i-b) I97Saratogia volux, new species (pi. 35, figs. 2, 2a) 198Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) (pi, 34, figs. 5, 5a-c) 19Family Ceratopygidae I99Genus Crepicephalus Owen 199Crepicephalus augusta Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 6, 6a-b) 204Crepicephalus caviiro, new species (pi. 32, figs. 2, 2a) 205Crepicephalus comus, new species (pi. 31, figs. 3, 2i(i) 205Crepicephalus coosensis, new species (pi. 32, figs. 3, za-f) .... 206Crepicephalus coria, new species (pi. 22» figs. 3, Za-g) 206Crepicephalus dis, new species (pi. 32, figs, i, la-c) 207Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen) pi. 29, figs, i, 2, 2a-/) 207Crepicephalus liliana Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 5, S^^'-c) 209Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) (pi. 29, fig. 7; pi. 30, figs.1-4, 4a) 209Crepicephalus texanus danace, new variety (pi. 29, figs. 3, 30) 214Crepicephalus texanus elongates, new variety (pi. 29, figs.4, 4a) 214Crepicephalus thoosa, new species (pi. 31, figs, i, la-k) 214Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield) (pi. 33, figs, i, la-b) .
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215Crepicephalus tripunctatus magtiispinus, new variety (pi. 33,figs. 2, 2a-c) 216
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1 59Descriptions of genera and species—Continued.Order Opisthoparia Beecher—Continued.Family Ceratopygidas—Continued. pageCrepicephalus tumidus, new species (pi. 31, fig. 2) 217Crepicephalus tinea, new species (pi. 35, figs, t, la-e) 217Crepicephalus unsia, new species (pi. 34, figs. 7, 7a) 217Crepicephalus upis, new species (pi. 33, figs. 4, 4a-d) 218Crepicephalus, species undetermined (i) (pi. 32, figs. 4, 4a) . . 218Crepicephalus, species undetermined (2) 218Amphion ? matutina Hall (pi. 26, fig. 8) 219Genus Wanneria Walcott 219Wanneria walcottana (Wanner) (pi. 38, figs, i, 2) . . . , 219Family Oryctocephalidai Beecher 220Vanuxemella, new genus 220Vanuxemella contracta, new species (pi. 36, figs. 4, 4a) 221Vanuxemella nortia, new species (pi. 36, fig. 5) 222Genus Karlia Walcott 223Karlia mitior Walcott (pi. 36, figs. 7, ya-c) 224Karlia stephenensis Walcott (pi. 36, fig. 8) 224Hanburia, new genus 225Hanburia gloriosa, new species (pi. 36, figs. 3, 4) 226Genus Tsinania Walcott 227Tsinania cleora, new species (pi. 36, figs. 9, ga-c) 227Tsinania elongata, new species (pi. 36, figs. 10, toa) 228Conasauga formation 228PLATES24. Acrocephalites stenomctopus (Angelin), A. americanus Walcott, A.haynesi Walcott, A. nudtisegmentus Walcott, and A. tutusWalcott 23025. Acrocephalites insignis Walcott, Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall andWhitfield), A. althca Walcott, A. labrosum Walcott, A. pomonaWalcott, A. linnarssoni (Walcott), and A. prospectcnse (Wal-cott) 23226. Acrocephalites ? majus Walcott, A. vulcanus (Billings), A. aorisWalcott, Menomonia calymenoides (Whitfield), Drcsbachia aniataWalcott, Alokistocare ticida Walcott, Acrocephalites glomeratusWalcott, Amphion ? matutina Hall, and Acrocephalites ? aster(Walcott) 23427. Norwoodia saffordi Walcott, N. gracilis Walcott, and iV. simplexWalcott 23628. Norwoodia ponderosa Walcott, A'', tenera Walcott, Millardia semeleWalcott, M. optata (Hall), and M. avitas Walcott 23829. Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen), C. texanus danace Walcott, C. texanuselongatus Walcott, C. liliana Walcott, C. augusta Walcott, andC. texanus (Shumard) 24030. Crepicephalus texanus ( Shumard) 24231. Crepicephalus thoosa Walcott, C. tumidus Walcott, and C. comusWalcott 244
l6o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64PAGE32. Crepicephalus dis Walcott, C. camiro Walcott, C. cooscnsis Walcott,and Crepiccplialus sp. undt 24622. Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield), C. tripunctatus magnispinusWalcott, C. coria Walcott, and C. upis Walcott 24834. Lonchocephalus pholus Walcott, L. plena Walcott, L. chippewaensisOwen, L. minutus (Bradley), Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen),S. calcifera (Walcott), Crepicephalus unzia Walcott, Loncho-cephalus minor (Shumard), and L. bunus Walcott 25035. Crepicephalus unca Walcott, Saratogia volux Walcott, S. hera Wal-cott, 5". arses Walcott, S. aruno Walcott, and Lonchocephalusappalachia Walcott 25226. Lonchocephalus sospita Walcott, Hanburia gloriosa Walcott, Vanuxe-mella contractor Walcott, V. nortia Walcott, Agraulos statorWalcott, Karlia minor Walcott, K. stephenensis Walcott, Tsi-nania cleora Walcott, and T. elongata Walcott 25437. Hyolithes primordialis Hall, Anomocarella onusta Whitfield, Pagodiathea Walcott, Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen, Menomoniacalymenoidcs (Whitfield), Crepicephalus ioiuensis (Owen), Dicel-lomus politus Hall, and Obolus matinalis Hall 25638. Wanneria walcottana (Wanner) 258INTRODUCTIONThe present paper is the second of this series on Cambrian Geologyand Paleontology that bears the title " Cambrian Trilobites." Thefirst, published in 1908,^ includes descriptions and illustrations of anumber of unusual Middle Cambrian genera and species. Severalsubsequent papers have dealt with trilobites of a particular familyor genus or from a stratigraphic view.These include
:
" Olenellus and other Genera of the Mesonacidee." [Smithsonian Misc.Coll., Vol. 53, No. 6, 1910.]"Cambrian Faunas of China." [Idem, Vol. 57, No. 4, 191 1.]" Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merosto-mata." [Idem, Vol. 57, No. 6, 1912.]" Cambro-Ordovician Boundary in British Columbia with Description ofFossils." [Idem, Vol. 57, No. 7, 1912.]" The Sardinian Cambrian Genus Olenopsis in America." [Idem, Vol. 57,No. 8, 1912.]" New York Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna." [Idem, Vol. 57, No. 9, 1912.]"New Lower Cambrian Subfauna." [Idem, Vol. 57, No. 11, 1913.]" Dikelocephalus and other Genera of the Dikelocephalinse." [Idem, Vol.57, No. 13, 1914.]" Cambrian Faunas of Eastern Asia." [Idem, Vol. 64, No. i, 1914.]
* " Cambrian Trilobites," Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 13-52,pis. 1-6.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES l6lThe memoir on the Cambrian Faunas of China* also containsmany descriptions and illustrations of trilobites.One of the marked features of the present paper is the descriptionof several genera of the order Proparia: Menomonia, Millardia,Dreshachia, and Norwoodia. These taken in connection with thegenus Burlingia^' of the Middle Cambrian, establish the existenceof a strong group of the order in Cambrian time.CHANGE IN STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION OF THEWEEKS FORMATION"On account of the presence of Crepicephalus texantis Shumard inthe Weeks formation, the strata forming it were referred to theMiddle Cambrian. My recent studies of C. texanus and its strati-graphic and geographic range have led me to the conclusion that itis an Upper Cambrian species and that the formations containing itshould be referred to the Upper Cambrian. This question will beconsidered in detail in a subsequent paper on the Upper Cambrianformations.DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIESOrder PROPARIA BeecherFamily Menomonid^, new familyProparia of primitive aspect, with large free cheeks; eyes small.Thorax with 23 to 42 segments ; pygidium small.The genera referred to this family are Menomonia, Millardia, andDreshachia. MENOMONIA, new genusGeneral form efongate, lance-shaped, with cephalon at the broadend ; strongly convex ; axial and pleural lobes strongly outlined.Cephalon transversely semicircular with rounded genal angleson the postero-lateral limbs ; marginal border broad and convex onthe cranidium, flattening out on the free cheeks ; posterior marginstrongly defined by a deep furrow that merges into the intramarginalfurrow of the free cheek.- Glabella truncato-conical, about one-halfthe length of the cranidium, and marked by three pairs of shortlateral furrows ; occipital ring of medium width and well defined by
^ Research in China, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, 1913, Vol. 3, Pub. No.54, pp. 1-276, pis. 1-24.
^ Cambrian Trilobites, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 2, 1908, p. 14.^ Nomenclature of some Cambrian Cordilleran Formations, SmithsonianMisc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. I, 1908, p. 10.
l62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
a strong occipital furrow ; frontal limb of medium width, and arch-ing up into a broad convex frontal border. Fixed cheeks narrowand separated from the glabella by a strong, narrow furrow fromwhich they slope upward to the small palpebral lobes, which aresituated opposite the anterior end of the glabella; postero-laterallimbs large, rounded at the genal angles. Free cheek elongate,broad at anterior end, where it joins the frontal limb and border.Eye lobe small and prominent at the inner anterior angle of thecheek.The facial suture cuts the outer postero-lateral side of the cephalonin advance of the genal angle, and passes almost directly inward tothe base of the eye; arching over the eye, it passes with a slightoutward curve forward to the front margin.Thorax with 42 segments; axial lobe convex with each segmentstrongly rounded ; pleural lobes convex with each segment carryinga strong flat furrow from the inner end nearly to the outer termina-tion of the segment.Pygidium very small ; axial lobe well defined and broken into twoor three rings and a terminal section by transverse furrows ; pleurallobes smooth in cast of test, but probably marked by faint, short,backward-curving furrows.Surface unknown except that the casts in a fine sandstone aresmooth.Dimensions.—The largest cranidium indicates that some dorsalshields had a length of at least 45 mm.Genotype.—Conocephalites calymenoides Whitfield.Stratigraphic range.—Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation.Geographic distribution.—Upper Mississippi Valley in centralwestern Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota.Observations.—This very remarkable trilobite resembles the genusCalymene in the form of the cranidium and free cheeks, while thethoracic segments have the straight, strong pleural furrow of Pty-choparia. The great number (42) of segments is a very primitivecharacter and gives the thorax an annelidian aspect.MENOMONIA CALYMENOIDES (Whitfield)Plate 26, figs. 4, ^a-dConocephalites calymenoides Whitfield, 1878, Ann. Rept. Geol. SurveyWisconsin for 1877, p. 52. (Original description.)Conocephalites calymenoides Whitfield, 1882, Geol. Wisconsin, Vol. 4,p. 179, pi. 3, figs. 2-5. (Describes and illustrates species.)Conocephalites calymenoides Whitfield, Chamberlin, 1883, Geol. Wiscon-sin, Vol. I, p. 131, fig. i7d. (Reproduces fig. 2 of Whitfield in Vol. 4.)
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 163Whitfield's description of the cranidium and thorax as far as heknew it is very full and does not need to be repeated in detail. Thecranidia are abundant in the Eau Claire sandstone at Rock Falls,Wisconsin, and the associated free cheeks which appear to belongto them. One of these, illustrated by figure 4d, plate 26, has a smalleye, and a strong marginal rim that curves backward to join theborder of the posterolateral limb in advance of the genal angle
;
this is rounded as seen on the right side of figure 4, plate 26.Whitfield described an incomplete thorax having 22 segments.The specimen illustrated by figures 4b and 4c has 42 thoracic seg-ments, the dorsal shield narrowing very gradually from the cephalonto the pygidium.Pygidium minute ; axial lobes short and divided into two or threerings and a terminal section by shallow transverse furrows ; pleurallobes smooth as far as may be determined from the cast in a finesandstone matrix.Exterior surface unknown except that the casts in fine sandstoneare nearly smooth.A specimen of the thorax and pygidium is 25 mm. in length. Acephalon of the width to correspond to the anterior segments of thethorax has a length of 7 mm. The largest cranidium in the collectionhas a length of 10 mm.Observations.—The general characters of the species are includedin the description of the genus.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (78a and 98) EauClaire formation; near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; (83a) RockFalls, and (100) Menomonie, Dunn County; also from (83*)Dresbach formation; lower beds just above the river, Trempealeau,Trempealeau County, both in Wisconsin. Also from (84) Eau Claireformation ; Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota.MILLARDIA, new genusGeneral form elongate elliptical ; convex ; axial and pleural lobesstrongly defined.Cephalon transversely broadly elliptical with genal angles rounded
;
margined with a rounded distinct border and intramarginal furrow
;
glabella subtriangular in outline, convex, and marked by three pairsof short lateral furrows ; occipital ring and furrow strongly definedfrontal limb short, slightly convex, and depressed between the gla-bella and the strong rounded frontal border ; frontal border archedupward between the points cut by the facial sutures ; fixed cheeks
164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64narrow and elevated at the palpebral lobe; postero-lateral limbslong and retaining nearly the same width from the glabella to theirouter side, which is rounded at the genal angle; palpebral lobessmall, elevated, and situated opposite the anterior end of the glabella.Free cheeks large, elongate, convex, with the eye lobe at the inneranterior angle.The facial sutures cut the postero-lateral margin in advance of thegenal angle and pass obliquely inward to the base of the small eyelobes, over which they curve before passing forward to the anteriormargin.Thorax with 23 segments; axial lobe convex, with each segmentrounded and prominent ; pleural lobes flat for a short distance fromthe dorsal furrow, and then arched downward ; pleural furrows shortand narrow; segments rounded at the end of their broad facetedsurface.Pygidium small, transverse ; axial lobe short and divided into twoor three rings by transverse furrows that are continued across thepleural lobes to their outer margin.Surface marked with very fine granulations and a few largegranules that are prominent on the glabella, frontal border, andsegments of the thorax.Dimensions.—The largest dorsal shield has a length of 9 mm. anda width of 6 mm. at the base of the cephalon.Genotype.—Millardia semele Walcott.The generic name is from Millard County, Utah.Stratigraphic range.—Millardia semele occurs in the Weeks forma-tion of the Upper Cambrian of Utah, M. optata in the lower part ofthe Upper Cambrian in the Eau Claire formation of Wisconsin, andM. avitas in the Upper Cambrian of Pennsylvania.Geographic distribution.—Millardia semele is from MillardCounty, western Utah ; M. optata is found in western Wisconsin, nearHudson, St. Croix County, and M. avitas is from Pennsylvania.Observations.—The cranidium of Millardia is much like that ofDresbachia and Menomonia (pi. 26). It differs from both mainlyin the character of the frontal limb and border, and also fromMenomonia in having about one-half as many thoracic segments.All three genera have the facial sutures cutting the border of thecephalon in advance of the genal angle, and all agree in the eyesbeing situated opposite the anterior end of the glabella.
I
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 165MILLARDIA AVITAS, new speciesPlate 28, figs. 5, Sa-cThis species is represented by two very distinct cranidia. Thesediffer in so many respects from the other species of the genus thatdetailed description and comparisons do not appear to be necessary.The most nearly related form is M. optata (see pi. 28, figs. 4, 4a-b)from the Upper Cambrian of Wisconsin. With a strong lens thesurface is seen to be roughened by minute granules of varying size.This species is of special interest, as it serves as a link betweenthe Upper Cambrian fauna of the Appalachian trough in Pennsyl-vania and that of the Eau Claire subfauna of the Upper Cambrianof the upper Mississippian province.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (107k) Buffalo Run ^limestone, 2 miles (3.2 km.) north of Benore Post Office, CenterCounty, Pennsylvania.MILLARDIA OPTATA (Hall)Plate 28, figs. 4, 4a-fConocephalites optatus Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann, Rept., New York StateCab. Nat. Hist., p. 222, pi. 5 A, fig. 7. (Describes and illustrates species.)The type specimen of this species consists of the central portion ofa cranidium showing the glabella, occipital ring, frontal limb andmargin, and a narrow fragment of the fixed cheeks.Entire specimens of the cephalon show it to have been semicircularin outline, strongly convex, and with rounded genal angles. Theglabella and other parts are essentially similar to those of thecranidium of M. semele. The differences between the two speciesare : the more transversely elongate outline of the cranidium ofM. semele; the nearer approach of the posterior end of the facialsuture to the genal angle in M. optata.Casts of the outer surface of the test of M. optata indicate that ithad a granular surface.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (79c) Eau Claireformation ; sandstones at Willow River Falls, a few miles fromHudson, St. Croix County; and (looa) Ettrick, TrempealeauCounty, both in Wisconsin. Also from (84) Eau Claire formation;Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County,Minnesota.The specimen described by James Hall is stated to have come fromthe " lower beds near Trempealeau," Wisconsin.A provisional name suggested by Mr. E. F. Moore.
l66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64The specimens illustrating this species were collected by Mr. W.A. Finkelnburg, of Winona, Minnesota, who presented them to theUnited States National Museum.MILLARDIA SEMELE, new speciesPlate 28, figs. 3, 3a-cThe generic description is based on this species as the type. It isrepresented in the collections by two nearly entire specimens of thedorsal shield and a number of cranidia, which are closely related inform to those of M. optata.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (son) Weeks forma-tion (ic of section);* also (30 o) (ib of section) north side ofWeeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, HouseRange, Millard County, Utah.DRESBACHIA, new genusGeneral form of cephalon transversely crescentric; the posteriormargin arching forward from the lateral margins, strongly convex.Glabella subtriangular in outline and marked by three pairs ofoblique, short, deep lateral furrows ; occipital ring strong andsharply defined by a narrow, deep occipital furrow. The frontallimb and border appear to be represented by a narrow projectionin front of the glabella that has a deep longitudinal furrow whichterminates at a narrow frontal rim. The sides of the furrow appearas though the test had been folded downward, leaving only a narrowstrip at the top next to the facial suture.On a small cranidium i mm. in length the frontal border projectsvery much as in Proampyx acuminatum (Angelin), but, unlike thenasute projection of the latter species, it has a longitudinal furrowthat extends forward from in front of the glabella, which is thebeginning of the deep furrow present on cranidia 3 to 5 mm. inlength.Fixed cheeks large, elongate, and arched backward ; a strongintramarginal furrow extends from the dorsal furrow beside theglabella out on the cheek, where it fades away before reaching theouter margin. The palpebral lobe has not been seen ; it is probablysituated by the side of the narrow projection in front of the glabellaor else is very small and located toward the anterior end of the fixed
.cheek. As the test is not preserved, there is only the cast in finesandstone to show details of structure.Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1 6/Free cheeks large and shaped much Hke those of Menomonia (pi.26, fig. ^d), except that they curve inward anteriorly so as to forma narrow, slightly elevated portion that fitted against the side of theprojection in front of the glabella; as far as can be determined, theeye was at the interior anterior end of the free cheek; posteriorlythe free cheek curves in against the fixed cheek in advance of thegenal angle.Dimensions. —A cranidium 7 mm. in length, including the narrowfrontal limb, has a width of about 16 mm.Genotype.—Dresbachia amata Walcott.Stratigraphic range.—As far as known, the genus is found onlyin the sandstones of the Eau Claire and Franconia formations.Geographic distribution.—Upper Mississippi Valley; central andwestern Wisconsin, and eastern Minnesota.Observations.—Of this genus we have only the cranidium andfree cheeks of one species. These indicate a type allied to Menomoniacalymenoides, although the cranidia differ greatly in the form of thefrontal limb and border and the free cheeks. The same is true ofMillardia (pi. 28, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a-b) in respect to the frontal limband border. The distinction between Dresbachia and Millardia is inthe character of the frontal limb and border. Dresbachia is uniquein the conformation of the narrow, deeply furrowed frontal hmb.DRESBACHIA AMATA, new speciesPlate 26, figs. 5, 5a-cThe description given of the genus Dresbachia includes what isknown of the species. It has hitherto been confused with Millardiaoptata (Hall) (pi. 28, figs. 4, 4a-/), as the cranidia have similarfixed cheeks and glabella, but differ very much in the form of thefrontal limb and border.The fragmentary remains of the cephalon are quite abundant at anumber of localities, but thus far I have not learned of an entiredorsal shield having been found.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (78a and gSx) EauClaire formation; Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; (79) near Hud-son, St. Croix County; (79X) Beaver Creek, north of Galesville,Trempealeau County; (100) near Menomonie, Dunn County; and( looa) at Ettrick, Trempealeau County ; all in Wisconsin.Also from (84) Eau Claire formation ; Dresbach, Winona County ;(84a) Franconia formation; River Junction, Houston County, Min-nesota.
l68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64NoRWOODiD^, new familyProparia with 8 or 9 segments ; strongly developed spines at genalangles ; eyes small, but well developed.This family combines primitive characters with those of a morehighly developed type. The cranidium with its Ptychoparia-like.glabella and small eyes, and the broad pleural furrows, are primitive(Calymenidae-like), while the few segments of the thorax (9) andthe relatively large pygidium suggest the subfamily Phacopinse.NORWOODIA, new genusGeneral form a broad ellipse, moderately convex, with pleurallobes more or less flattened. Cephalon semicircular with the genalangles prolonged as strong spines ; cranidium elongate with narrowfixed cheeks and medium-sized palpebral lobes ; glabella conical andmarked with three pairs of short lateral furrows ; frontal limb dis-tinct or merging into the frontal border ; postero-lateral limbs large,transverse, and carrying a strong spine at the genal angle; freecheeks large, roughly subtriangular, and with the eye lobe at theinner posterior angle.Thorax with eight or nine transverse segments ; axial lobe strong,convex; pleural lobes with each segment having a broad, strongmedian furrow that terminates just within the more or less bluntlyfalcate pointed extremity. A sharp, slender median spine similarto the occipital spine of the cephalon occurs on the third, fifth, andseventh segments of the thorax of N. tenera, as shown by figure 2d,plate 28, which has the spine of the seventh segment attached to theaxial lobe; the point of attachment is also shown on the axial lobeof figure 2h ; similar thoracic spines occur on N. gracilis (fig. 2f,pi. 27) and N. simplex (fig. 3&).Pygidium transverse; axial lobe strong and divided by narrowtransverse furrows into two or three rings and a terminal section
;
pleural lobes broad and marked by backward-curving narrowfurrows.Surface minutely granular with larger scattered granules onNorwoodia tenera, which is the only species preserving the test ingood condition.Dimensions.—All the species of the genus are small. A dorsalshield of Norivoodia gracilis has a length of 11 mm. One of A''.saffordi, 8 mm., and the largest cranidium of A^ tenera has a lengthof 3.5 mm.Genotype.—Norwoodia gracilis Walcott (pi. 27, figs. 2, 2a-b).
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 169Stratigraphic range.—Norwoodia saffordi: Upper Cambrian
;
Nolichucky shale.Norwoodia gracilis, N. simplex, and A'', ponderosa: Upper Cam-brian ; Conasauga shale.Norzvoodia tenera: Upper Cambrian ; Weeks formation.The above indicates that as far as known the genus had quite aprolonged existence in Upper Cambrian time.Geographic distribution.—Eastern Tennessee, northeastern Ala-bama, and the House Range of western Utah.Observations.—As known to me now, this genus is an unusualform that has hitherto escaped observation. It probably originatedin the Atlantic or the Appalachian Sea, where it attained its greatestdevelopment ; one species, N. tenera, is a somewhat modified speciesfrom the Cordilleran area of western Utah.The species from Alabama were collected for me in the CoosaValley by Dr. Cooper Curtice in 1885. The stratigraphy of theConasauga formation is so difficult to work out, owing to faultingand flexing of the shales and interbedded limestones, that the exactstratigraphic position and vertical range of each species are unknown,but I think that the genus is of Upper Cambrian age and mostly ofthe horizon of the upper Conasauga formation in Georgia and Ala-bama, and the Nolichucky shale in Tennessee.NORWOODIA GRACILIS, new speciesPlate 27, figs. 2, 2a-gGeneral forrh of dorsal shield a broad ellipse with large genalspines extending backward and outward nearly as far back as thepygidium.Cephalon convex, roughly semicircular ; marginal border strong,moderately convex, and continued into the strong genal spines
;
posterior border narrow, and separated from the fixed cheeks by astrong furrow that merges on each side near the genal angle intothe strong intramarginal furrow of the cephalon. Glabella small,rounded conical, and marked by three pairs of short glabellar furrowson each side ; a shallow occipital furrow defines a median occipitalring that has a long, slender spine extending back from the posteriorcenter of the ring; frontal limb large and gently convex to theintramarginal furrow ; intramarginal furrow usually clearly definedfrontal border flattened or slightly convex; postero-lateral limbslarge and bearing a strong, slender, slightly curving spine at thegenal angle.
170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Facial sutures as shown by figures 2, 2a, 2b, plate 27.Thorax with 9 segments ; axial lobe convex, with a shallowtransverse furrow on each side that serves to define a small tuberclenext to the dorsal furrow; pleural lobes wide; a strong, straightfurrow extends from the inner end of each segment nearly to therounded end, which terminates irf a falcate point sloping obliquelybackward. A slender, long median spine (fig. 2/) occurs onsome of the axial lobes as in N. tenera (pi. 28, figs. 2d-e).Pygidium transverse; axial lobe divided into three rings and aterminal section by shallow transverse furrows ; pleural lobes largeand marked by four gently backward-curving furrows ; bordernarrow.The outer surface of the test appears to have been minutelygranulated, but as all the specimens are preserved in a fine argil-laceous shale, the outer surface is so injured by compression whenthe test was in a plastic condition that most of the irregularities, ifsuch existed, have become obscured.Dimensions.—One entire dorsal shield has a length of 11 mm.Some cranidia indicate that others may have had a length of 13to 15 mm.Observatioiis.—Fragments of this species are abundant in theshale, but entire dorsal shields are rare. Figure 2, plate 27, has beenrestored in part from several specimens, of which only one injuredexample shows the entire cephalon, thorax, and pygidium.The cranidium of A'', gracilis dififers in so many details from theother species that a comparison of the figures on plate 27 will enablethe student to readily distinguish them.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (90a, 91) Cona-sauga shale; Cedar Blufif, (92X, 145) Yancey's Bend and east ofTurkeytown, all three on Coosa River; and (92XX) from brook onroad from Lydia Angles to Blaine, Center Township, all in CherokeeCounty, Alabama.Upper Cambrian: (124) Nolichucky shales overlying limestonewhich rests on the Rogersville shale, on Big Creek, southeast of-Harlans Knob, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, HawkinsCounty; and (io6a) east of Shooks Ridge, in Bays Mountains, 10miles (16.1 km.) southeast of Knoxville, Knox County, both inTennessee.Also Conasauga formation; (96c) shales 4 miles (6.4 km.) north-west of Rome, Floyd County, Georgia; and (358e) BirminghamCity, Jefferson County, Alabama.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES I7INORWOODIA PONDEROSA, new speciesPlate 28, ngs. i, la-bThis species is represented by a number of cranidia and associatedpygidia. It differs from both A'', simplex and N. saffordi (pi. 27)by its much larger genal spines and the narrow, strong frontal limbthat appears to be without a defined frontal border. There areslight traces of two pairs of glabellar furrows and a faint definedoccipital ring which has a short median spine with a strong base.Outer surface unknown.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (90a) Conasaugashales ; Cedar Bluff, Cherokee County, Alabama.NORWOODIA SAFFORDI, new speciesPlate 27, figs. I, la-fThis species differs from Norzvoodia gracilis in the form of thefrontal limb and border, fixed cheeks, and genal spines, and in havingeight instead of nine thoracic segments.The outer surface of the test appears to have been rather stronglygranulated, as shown in the matrix of the species illustrated by figureid, plate 27.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (103, 103a) Noli-chucky shale. Second shale south of the ridge of sandstone " TownKnobs " on the road from Rogersville to Dodson Ford, HawkinsCounty; and (107a, 107b) shales in railroad cut in Bull Run Ridge,northeast of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knox-ville, Knox County, both in Tennessee.NORWOODIA SIMPLEX, new speciesPlate 27, figs. 3, 3a-bThis species differs in its cranidium, genal spines, and number ofthoracic segments from A\ gracilis; it has also a rounded appearancenot seen in other species. The number of thoracic segments is eight,which is the same as in A'^. saffordi. The pygidium is nearly smooth,the furrows on the axial and pleural lobes being little more thanincised lines.Surface apparently finely granulated.One entire dorsal shield has a length of 10 mm.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (90a, 91) Conasaugashale; Cedar Bluff; also (145) bluffs of Coosa River, east of
1/2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Turkeytown, both in Cherokee County; and (138) shale in streetnortheast of Printuf House, Gadsden, Etowah County, all in Ala-bama.Upper Cambrian: (124, 124a) Nolichucky shales overlying thelimestone that is above the Rogersville shales, on Big Creek, south-east of Harlans Knob, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville,Hawkins County; also (117) Nolichucky shale; on the road northfrom Greeneville; and (117c) Buckingham Ford, Hollis Creek,5 miles (8 km.) southeast of Greeneville, Greene County, all in stateof Tennessee.Also (i38d) Conasauga shale; 3 miles (4.8 km.) west of Rome,Floyd County, Georgia.NORWOODIA TENERA, new speciesPlate 28, figs. 2, 2a-gIn general form the dorsal shield of this species resembles that ofA^. simplex (pi. 27, figs. 3, 30), but in details it is quite distinct. Ithas eight thoracic segments, the pleural lobes of which have a verynarrow pleural furrow and slightly falcate ends; a slender medianspine occurs on the third, fifth and seventh segments of the axiallobe, as shown by figure 2e, plate 28.Surface minutely granular with a few larger scattered granuleson the cephalon, thoracic segments, and pygidium.The largest entire specimen has a length of 3.5 mm.Cranidium 1.5 mm.Thorax 1.5 mm.Pygidium 0.5 mm.The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 4 mm.,which on the basis of the entire dorsal shield mentioned would givea total length of about 9.5 mm.This small, neat species is abundant on two or three thin layers ofshaly limestone of the Weeks formation.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : (3011) Weeks forma-tion (ic of section),* also (30 o) (i& of section) ; north side ofWeeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, HouseRange, Millard County, Utah.
^ Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1 73Order OPISTHOPARIA BeecherGenus AGRAULOS CordaAGRAULOS STATOR, new speciesPlate 36, fig. 6Dorsal shield elongate, suboval in outline, moderately convex, andwith a narrow, strongly defined, axial lobe. Cephalon transverselysemicircular, marginal rim narrow, genal angles rounded. Thefacial sutures cut the rounded genal angle and extend inward witha sigmoid curve to the base of the small eye lobes; in front of theeye lobes they curve outward a very little and then inward so as tocut the anterior rim of the cephalon on a line with the base of theeyes. Glabella truncato-conical, a little more than one-half thelength of the cephalon, and marked by three pairs of shallow furrowsseparated by a narrow, faint median ridge; occipital furrow andring narrow and clearly defined; fixed cheeks broad and merginganteriorly into the broad and long, moderately convex and roundedfrontal limb; posteriorly the fixed cheeks merge into their postero-lateral limbs, which extend outward from the base of the palpebrallobe to the genal angles ; a rather strong furrow outlines a narrowposterior border which merges into the outer rim of the cephalon atthe genal angles ; palpebral lobes small, situated nearly opposite theanterior end of the glabella and with a narrow palpebral ridgeextending inward across the broad free cheek to the strong dorsalfurrow about the glabella ; free cheeks of medium size and separatedfrom the fixed cheeks only by a small, short eye.Thorax with 22 nearly transverse segments ; axial lobe narrowerthan the pleural lobes, and with a well-defined node near the dorsalfurrow on each side; pleural lobes with a strong, narrow furrowextending from near the dorsal furrow along the central part of thesegment nearly to its rounded end ; the anterior half of each segmenthas a smooth faceted surface which greatly facilitated the rollingup of the animal.Pygidium small and marked only by one or two rings on the largeaxial lobe. Surface apparently minutely punctate.Dimensions.—The relative size of the various parts of the dorsalshield is shown by the figures. The largest specimen has a length of13 mm. for the cranidium and a total length of 38 mm.Observations.—Comparing this species with the genotype, Agrau-las ceticephalus Barrande, we find that it is similar in general formand in having a nearly smooth glabella, a large number of thoracicsegments, and very small pygidium.
174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64The species is unusually well represented. The first and bestspecimens were discovered by Mrs. Helena B. Walcott in 1907 at thesouth base of Mount Bosworth.Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian : Mount Whyte forma-tion: (35c) drift blocks of siHceous shale supposed to have comefrom the Mount Whyte formation, found on the south slope ofMount Bosworth, about 500 feet (152 m.) northwest of the CanadianPacific Railway track between Stephen and Hector, eastern BritishColumbia; and (35m) (Albertella zone) 3 miles (4.8 km.) south-west of the head of Lake Louise, on east slope of Mount Whyte,Alberta. Genus ACROCEPHALITES WalleriusAcrocephalites Wallerius, 1895, Unders. Zonen med Agnostus lavigatusi Vestergotland, Lund, Sweden, pp. 52-53-The following- is the Swedish diagnosis of the genus
:
Head agrees in form with Conocoryphe. Shell finely and regularly granu-lated. The glabella is slightly conical, bounded on all sides by deep furrows,provided with side furrows. In front of it is found a knob-shaped elevation.The anterior margin is broad with a deep intramarginal furrow. The fixedcheeks are broad. The palpebral lobes are of medium size, situated about inthe middle of the cheeks. The facial sutures diverge considerably from theanterior margin to the palpebral lobes, from the latter onward they alsocontinue outward, though somewhat less divergent, to the posterior edge. Themovable cheeks are somewhat triangular, provided with spines at the angles.The other parts of the body are unknown.As previously pointed out, Acrocephalites occupies about the same positionto Solenopleura, Conocephalites (Ptychoparia) , etc., as Ctenocephalus to Cono-coryphe. Thus in Acrocephalites, too, it is the tubercle in front of the fore-head that is the most striking characteristic. But furthermore, other charactersare found here, which justify the establishment of the new genus. As onlyone species is at hand, it is impossible to determine definitely what characteris-tics are to be regarded as generic and what as specific; hence the dividingline between these becomes more or less arbitrary, and the two must accord-ingly complement each other.Genotype.—Solenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin, 185 1, PalScand., p. 28, pi. 19, fig. 4.To the preceding description of the cephalon we may now addthe following:The boss or swelling in front of the glabella is confined to thearea of the frontal limb and does not extend into the frontal border.The boss may vary greatly in the same species, as is shown by A.haynesi (pi. 24, figs. 4, 4a). The fixed cheeks may be narrow as in
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1/5A. stenometopus (pi. 24, fig. i), or broad as in A. amcricanus (pi. 24,fig. 2). Acrocephalites hayncsi (pi. 24, fig. 4) has a strong occipitalspine.Thorax with 17 to 25 segments of the type of those occurring inPtychoparia striata (Emmrich), narrow, and with an almost straightpleural furrow that begins to narrow at the genal angle of thesegment.Pygidium small and with three or four narrow transverse ringsthat extend out on the pleural lobes as rather faint lines.The surface of all known species of the genus is more or lessstrongly tuberculated.Stratigraphic range.—The type species occurs in the AgnostusIcevigatus zone of the Middle Cambrian. The American speciesoccur as follows
:
Acrocephalites vulcanus, Lower Cambrian.Acrocephalites americaniis, Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites aoris. Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites insignis, Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites ? majus. Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites multisegnicntus, Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites tutus. Middle Cambrian.Acrocephalites aster, Upper Cambrian.Acrocephalites haynesi. Upper Cambrian.Acrocephalites ? glomeratus. Upper Cambrian.Geographic distribution.—Sweden, eastern United States in thestates of Georgia, Alabama, and Vermont; western United Statesor Cordilleran area ; in the Grand Canyon, Arizona ; in Utah, andMontana.Observations.—Wallerius illustrates with rather indifferent figuresthe cranidium and a free cheek oi A. stenometopus. Through thekindness of Dr. Joh. Chr. Moberg I have had the opportunity ofhaving an enlarged photograph made of the type specimen now inthe collection of the University of Lund (pi. 24, fig. i). The cra-nidium of A. aster (pi. 26, figs. 9, ga-c) is closely related to that ofA. stenometopus, but the nearest complete American species is A.americaniis (pi. 24, figs. 2 and 3), which is fortunately representedby nearly entire specimens. The thorax has 27 segments and a smallpygidium. The free cheek has a postero-lateral spine, in this respectbeing similar to the free cheek of A. stenometopus as illustrated byWallerius. The thorax of ^. multisegmentus has 25 or more seg-ments (pi. 24, fig. 5a).
176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Acrocephalites ? majus (pi. 26, fig. i) is doubtfully referred toAcrocephalites. It is slightly distorted, but there appears to havebeen a boss in front of the glabella that was crossed transversely bythe narrow ridge that serves to separate the frontal limb and rim.Comparison of genera.—Acrocephalites differs from Alokistocare(pi. 25) in having the boss in front of the glabella limited to thefrontal limb, and in having a more or less tuberculated outer surfaceof the dorsal shield. The outer surface of Alokistocare is more orless punctate in the type species, A. sitbcoronatum (pi. 25, fig. 2).The typical species of each genus are readily distinguished, butthere are such species as Alokistocare lahrosum (pi. 25, figs. 5, 5a),which have the Acrocephalites form of cranidium with the punctatetest surface of Alokistocare.Comparing the cranidium of Acrocephalites with that of Cteno-cephalus exsulans Linnarsson, we find that both have a tuberculatedouter surface, rounded boss before the glabella within the frontallimb and similar form of glabella. The absence of free cheeks andeyes on the dorsal surface of Ctenocephalus is the essential differencebetween the two genera. In Ctenocephalus the advance of the facialsuture and eye from the ventral to the dorsal surface appears tohave been retarded during the entire development and growth of thecephalon.Some of the forms referred to Inouyia^ have a rounded boss onthe frontal limb, but they differ so much in the appearance of thecranidium as a whole that, with the possible exception of Inouyiatitiana (Walcott), there is little risk of confusing them with speciesof Acrocephalites.Comparison of species.—The cranidium of Acrocephalites steno-metopus (pi. 24, fig. i) is nearer in form to that of A. haynesi (pi.24, figs. 4, 4a) than to other species of the genus. It may have anoccipital spine, but of this we have no positive information. Acro-cephalites tutus (pi. 24, figs. 6, 6a) is also to be compared with thetwo mentioned species, but as the specimens representing it areflattened in the shale, the element of convexity must be restored whencomparisons are made. Acrocephalites insignis (pi. 25, figs, i, la)has the narrow fixed cheeks and frontal limb of Acrocephalites steno-metopus, but owing to the compressed and more or less maceratedcondition of the test it is not possible to draw detailed comparisons.Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. Ill, 1913, pi. 14-
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 177Acrocephalites americanus differs from Acrocephalites insignis(pi. 25, figs. I, la) in its longer frontal limb and rim, proportionallybroader fixed cheeks, and 17, instead of 21, thoracic segments. It isa much larger form than the genotype A. stenometopus (pi. 24,fig. i), and differs in its longer and flatter frontal hmb and less ele-vated boss on the frontal limb.Acrocephalites ? aster (pi. 26, figs. 9, 9 a-c) has a frontal boss muchlike that of ^. stenometopus.Comparing the thorax of those species in which it is preserved,we have the following result
:
Acrocephalites americanus (pi. 24, fig. 3), 18 thoracic segments.Acrocephalites insignis (pi. 25, fig. la), 21 thoracic segments.Acrocephalites multisegmentus (pi. 24, fig. 5a), 25 thoracic seg-ments.The three species all have very small pygidia, and the same typeof thoracic segment and pleural furrow, although the pleural lobe ismuch narrower in A. multisegmentus.The surface of the test of A. multisegmentus is more evenlygranulated than that of ^. haynesi.Under previous conceptions of the genus most of the species nowreferred to Acrocephalites and Alokistocarc would have been in-cluded in Ptychoparia.ACROCEPHALITES AMERICANUS, new speciesPlate 24, figs. 2, 2a-b, 3, sa-bThis species is represented by beautiful specimens of the cranidiumpreserved as silicified casts of the test attached to siliceous nodulesthat occur in argillaceous shales. With one exception the specimensof the dorsal shield are from the shale; they are flattened by com-pression, and the fine surface characters of the silicified specimensare lost except for traces of the larger tubercles.Thorax with 27 transverse, narrow segments ; palpebral furrownarrow, rounded, and continued well towards the outer end of thesegment. Pygidium small; axial lobe with three rings outlined bytransverse furrows.Surface marked by strong, scattered tubercles with a minutelygranular surface between.The largest cranidium has a length of 10 mm., and belonged to adorsal shield that was about 40 mm. in length.For comparison with other species, see notes under descriptionof genus.
1^8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (Sgx) Conasaugaformation. In argillaceous shale and on and in siliceous nodulesimbedded in the shale, Livingston, Coosa Valley, Floyd County,Georgia.Also from (go) Conasauga shales; on Edwards farm, near CraigsMountain, about 10 miles (16.1 km.) southeast of Center; (gox)about 5 miles (8 km.) east of Center; (112) shales in which siliceousnodules of gox are imbedded; (i6d) shales one mile (1.6 km.) eastof Moshat and 5 miles (8 km.) east-southeast of Center on southeastbank of a small brook; and (gs) shales on Cowan Creek, 0.5 mile(0.8 km.) above Center road ford, all in Coosa Valley, CherokeeCounty, Alabama.ACROCEPHALITES AORIS, new speciesPlate 26, figs. 3, 3a-bThe cranidium of this species is much like that of A. tutus (pi. 24,figs. 6, 6a). It dififers in having narrower fixed cheeks; wider andstronger frontal border. The outer surface is finely tuberculatedwith minute depressions between them that indicate that the test isprobably punctate. The form of the glabella is similar to that ofA. amcricanus (pi. 24, figs. 2, 2a), but other parts of the cranidiumare quite different.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (loyd) Limestone;I mile (1.6 km.) north of Henrietta, Blair County, Pennsylvania.ACROCEPHALITES ? ASTER, new speciesPlate 26, figs. 9, ga-cThis is a very distinct species. The narrow median swelling onthe frontal limb is much like that of Acrocephalites stenometopus(pi. 24, fig. i), and unlike the boss on other species referred to thegenus.The occipital spine is broken off the specimen represented by figuregb, but it is finely shown as a cast in the shale matrix, where it hasbeen removed by solution.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (358e) Conasaugaformation; buff-colored shales near street car barns, BirminghamCity, Alabama ; ( 107c) Maryville limestone, west base of CopperRidge, II miles (17.7 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County;and (15) Nolichucky shale, on Buckingham Ford road, 1.5 miles(2.4 km.) south of Greeneville, Greene County, both in Tennessee.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1 79ACROCEPHALITES ? GLOMERATUS, new speciesPlate 26, figs. 7, TaThis species, like A. ? majus (pi. 26, fig. i), is represented by acranidium that except for the boss on the frontal limb in front ofthe glabella would be referred to Ptychoparia. As in the case ofAcrocephalites haynesi (pi. 24, figs. 4, 4a), there are associatedcranidia that are similar to the one with the boss on the frontal limbexcept that they do not have the boss. The cranidia are preservedin a coarse ferruginous sandstone, and nothing remains of the testor its outer surface.In view of the above statement the species is tentatively referredto Acrocephalites. The largest cranidium in the collection has alength of 20 mm.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (340c) Dark reddishbrown sandstone, Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming.ACROCEPHALITES HAYNESI, new speciesPlate 24, figs. 4, 4a-bThis species is distinguished by strongly defined glabella, fixedcheeks, palpebral lobes, and frontal rim of the cranidium; also bythe variability of the length of the frontal limb and the size of theboss in front of the glabella, accompanied by a coarsely granulatedouter surface. It differs also in having a strong occipital spine.The larger cranidia average 8 mm. in length.This species is named after Mr. W. P. Haynes, who collected allthe specimens known of it.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : Meagher limestone
;
on Pole Creek, a tributary of Cherry Creek, about 4 miles (6.4 km.)east of Madison River, Madison County, Montana.Type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massa-chusetts. ACROCEPHALITES INSIGNIS, new speciesPlate 25, figs. I, \a-bAll of the numerous specimens bf this species were flattened andmore or less macerated in the mud now forming the argillaceousshale in which they occur. The species is characterized by thenarrow fixed cheeks, strong palpebral lobes, and the ridges intowhich they merge on the fixed cheeks. The width of the frontal limband the size of its median boss are variable, but not as much soas in A. haynesi (pi. 24, figs. 4, 4a). There is no trace of an
l80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
occipital spine, but one specimen of the thorax has a median spineon the sixth and seventh segments, and another has a similar spineon the seventh, eighth, and ninth segments. The specimen illus-trated has 21 thoracic segments. The surface is strongly granulatedwhere well preserved.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (112, 112a) Cona-sauga formation shales; about 5 miles (8 km.) east of Center,Cherokee County, Alabama.ACROCEPHALITES ? MAJUS, new speciesPlate 26, fig. IThis species is represented by a single specimen of the cranidiumthat is flattened in an argillaceous shale. It was referred in myfield notes to Ptychoparia, but the presence of the rounded boss onthe frontal limb in advance of the glabella and coarse granulationson the outer surface serve to place it nearer Acrocephalites than toPtychoparia. The granulated surface has been greatly obscured bythe pressure to which the test has been subjected. In form thecranidium is similar to that of A. tutus (pi. 24, fig. 6) and com-pressed specimens of A. americanus (pi. 24, fig. ;i)a). A smallmedian node occurs near the posterior margin of the occipital ring.The generic reference will remain doubtful until more and betterpreserved specimens are found.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (4g) Wolsey shale;5 miles (8 km.) east-northeast of Logan, and i mile (1.6 km.) northof forks of East and West Gallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana.ACROCEPHALITES MULTISEGMENTUS, new speciesPlate 24, figs. S, 5aThis small and very distinct species has narrow pleural lobes,strongly granulated surface, and 25 thoracic segments. The pleuralfurrows of the thoracic segments are very narrow, short, and ratherinsignificant when compared with those of A. americanus (pi. 24,fig. 2,0'), and less so with those of A. insignis (pi. 25, fig. la). Thefrontal border and rim are somewhat similar in form to those ofA. f majus except in the upward curvature of the frontal rim and thebroader base of the glabella of A. insignis.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (son, 30 o) Weeksformation; 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Millard Pass, House Range,Utah.The horizon of 30 o is 170 feet above that of 3on in the strati-graphic section.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES l8lACROCEPHALITES STENOMETOPUS (Angelin)Plate 24, figs. I, la-bSolenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin, 1851, Pal. Scand., p. 28, pi. 19, fig. 4.Acrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin) Wallekius, 1895, Unders. Zonenmed Agnostus Icevigatus i Vestergotland, p. 53.The type specimen of this species, a cranidium, was sent to mefrom the Museum at Lund. It has the front rim, the greater partof the fixed cheeks, and the palpebral lobes broken off. The descrip-tions and illustrations of Wallerius were evidently added to byobservations on other specimens.A photograph of the type specimen is reproduced as figure i, plate24. All its characters are included in the description of the genus.The frontal limb is finely shown with its large, rounded centraltubercle, but nothing is seen of the broad, anterior margin with adeep, intramarginal furrow. These features were probably pre-served on other specimens, as they are represented in the somewhatdiagrammatic figures of Angelin and Wallerius.The back side of the occipital ring is broken away in the specimenillustrated bv figure i, but it may have had a spine similar in characterto that of ^. .^ aster (see pi. 26, figs. 9, 9a).The description by Wallerius is very detailed, and I can add noth-ing for the use of the student except figures based on photographs ofthe specimens of the cranidium and free cheeks.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (sogn) AgnostusIcevigatus zone, Gudhem and Djupadal, Skaraborg, Vestergotland,Sweden. ACROCEPHALITES TUTUS, new speciesPlate 24, figs. 6, 6aThe specimens of this species, like those of A. americanus pre-serving thoracic segments (pi. 24, figs. 3, 3a), have had the testsoftened and then compressed during the progress of the depositionand consolidation of the mud that formed the fine argillaceous shale,except that the compression and flattening were not so complete asfor A. americanus. This is shown by the slight convexity of thespecies and the preservation of the granulated outer surface of thetest.Comparisons of this species with other species of the genus aregiven under observations on the genus.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (141) Conasaugashale; on roadside near cemetery i mile (1.6 km.) northeast of CaveSpring, Floyd County, Georgia.
l82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64ACROCEPHALITES ? VULCANUS (Billings)Plate 26, fig. 2Conocephalites vulcanus Billings, 1861, Rept. Geol. Vermont, Vol. 2, p.952, fig. 357. (Original description and figure.)Conocephalites vulcanus Billings, 1863, Geol. Canada, 1863, p. 286, fig. 296.(Original description and illustration repeated.)Conocephalites vulcanus Billings, 1865, Pal. Fossils Canada, Vol. i, p. 14,fig. 17. (Pamphlet of 1861 republished.)Ptychoparia vulcanus (Billings) Walcott. 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey,No. 30, p. 198, pi. 26, figs. 4, 4a. (Republished Billings's descriptionwith comment and gives two figures.)Ptychoparia vulcanus (Billings) Walcott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S.Geol. Survey, p. 653, pi. 96, figs. 4, 4a. (Republished figures of 1886.)Numerous more or less distorted casts of the cranidium of thisspecies occur in a fine decomposed ferruginous and slightly calcare-ous sandstone. The matrix of the casts suggests a granulatedsurface, but this may result from its fine sandy character. Althoughthe median boss on the frontal limb suggests a reference to Acro-cephalites, the nearly smooth glabella and strong frontal rim pointto some other genus that may be the representative of Acrocephalitcsin the Lower Cambrian formations. Both Mr. Billings and I failedto note the boss in front of the glabella. It is well defined in fourspecimens before me and quite small on two others.The largest specimen of the cranidium has a length of 6 mm.Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian: (25) Sandstone justabove Parkers Quarry, near Georgia; also (26) northeast of theCorman farm buildings, east of Highgate Springs, both in FranklinCounty, Vermont. Genus ALOKISTOCARE LorenzAlokistocare Lorenz, 1906, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., Bd. 58, p. 62.General form of the dorsal shield elongate-oval, narrowing gradu-ually from the ratl^er large cephalon to the small pygidium.Cephalon with flattened marginal rim produced into spines at thegenal angles. A low rounded boss occurs in front of the glabellathat usually extends across the frontal limb onto the frontal rim soas to interrupt the furrow delimiting the two. On A. labrosum (pi.25, figs. 5, 5a) the boss does not extend onto the frontal limb, and onA. ? prospecteiise (fig. 8) and A. linnarssoni (figs. 7, ya) it only par-tially interrupts the indistinct frontal furrow. Palpebral lobe and eyeof medium size; palpebral ridge strongly outlined across the rela-tively broad free cheek. Gfabella defined by strong dorsal furrows
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 183and marked by two or three pairs of short lateral furrows. Freecheeks of medium size.Thorax with 17 to 19 narrow segments ; axial lobe narrow ; pleurallobes broad and with well-defined furrows that extend from thedorsal furrow outward to the backward-bending genal angle, wherethey narrow and disappear on the smooth slope of the outer sectionof the segment.Pygidium small; axial lobe rather prominent and divided intoabout three rings by shallow, transverse furrows ; pleural lobessmall and marked by one or two transverse furrows.Surface slightly roughened by shallow pits when enlarged by astrong lens.Genotype.—ConocepJialitcs stihcoronatus Hall and Whitfield.Stratigraphic range.—The genotype occurs in the lower portionof the Middle Cambrian. Alokistocare althea, A. labrosum, A. lin-narssoni, A. pomona, and A. prospectense occur in the Middle Cam-brian, and A. althea in the Upper Cambrian.Geographic distribution.—Species of the genus occur in northernArizona, central Nevada, western and northern Utah, and northerncentral Montana. It appears to have been limited to the interiorseas of the western portion of North America.Observations.—Dr. Lorenz compares the genus with his Macro-toxus and assigns to it A. subcoronatnm (Hall and Whitfield) asthe genotype, stating that it has long, bow-shaped eyes, punctateshell, and strong dorsal furrows about the glabella. He gained hisimpression of the long eyes (palpebral lobes) from Hall and Whit-field's illustration, but this was somewhat in error, as the palpebrallobes are not over one-sixth the length of the cranidium on the typespecimen of the species now in the United States National Museumcollections (pi. 25, fig. 2). Lorenz did not compare it with theclosely related genus Acrocephalites, owing probably to the frag-mentary specimens and incomplete illustrations of the latter genus.Comparison between the two genera is made in this paper underobservations on Acrocephalites.Alokistocare althea (pi. 25, fig. 4a) has 19 thoracic segments, andA. pomona (pi. 25, fig. 6), 18 thoracic segments. The segmentsare of the same type as those of Ptychoparia striata'^ and of Acro-cephalites americanus (pi. 24, fig. 3a) . The upward-curving frontalrim or border of the type species (pi. 25, fig. 2) occurs in most of
^Research in China, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54,1913, pi. 2, fig. 4.
184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. '64the species now referred to the genus, but this character is notdistinct in A. lahrosum (pi. 25, fig. 5), A. linnarssoni (pi. 25, figs.7, ya), and A. ? prospectense (pi. 25, fig. 8).' This may be owingpartly to the conditions of preservation of the cranidia, as the asso-ciated free cheek of A. linnarssoni (pi. 25, fig. ya) indicates a frontalrim not unlike that of A. suhcoronaUim (pi. 25, fig. 2).As far as known to me, the outer surface of the test is smooth tothe unaided eye and minutely roughened and apparently pitted orporous when examined with a strong lens.ALOKISTOCARE ALTHEA, new speciesPlate 25, figs. 3, 2,a, 4, 4aThis species is represented by casts of several specimens of thecranidium that are preserved in a fine sandstone matrix. Nothingis known of the surface of the test, and only indistinct traces of theglabellar furrows are to be seen. The most nearly related cranidiumis that represented by figures 4, 4a, plate 25, which differs in details offrontal rim and boss. The two forms are, however, closely relatedand may belong to the same species, the apparent differences beingcaused by the condition of preservation of the specimens. Alokis-tocare althea occurs in a fine sandstone matrix, and the variety in asandy shale ; the two beds are separated stratigraphically by-^ 200 to300 feet in thickness of sandy shale.The specimens preserving the thorax (figs. 4, 4a) are from theBright Angel shale, and the cranidia represented by figures 3 and 3aI collected in 1882 in the upper part of the Tapeats sandstone, about200 feet below the horizon in the shale. The latter are casts pre-served in a fine sandstone matrix.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (74) Tapeats sand-stone; at the head of Nunkoweap Valley, Grand Canyon of theColorado River; andMiddle Cambrian: (746) Bright Angel shale 100 feet (30.4 m.)above Tapeats sandstone; on west side of Cameron trail about 0.5mile (0.8 km.) north of Indian Garden spring; south side GrandCanyon of the Colorado River, both from Coconino County, Arizona.Collected and presented by Niles J. Cameron, 191 1.ALOKISTOCARE ? LABROSUM, new speciesPlate 25, figs. 5, saThis species is represented by numerous specimens of the cra-nidium that have very strongly marked characters which serve to
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 185make the species an intermediate form between Conocephalites, Alo-kistocare, and Menomonia, as far as comparison may be made withthe cranidia. The frontal Umb with its median boss and strong,rounded frontal rim suggests Acrocephalites; the broad fixed cheeksand slightly pitted outer surface, Alokistocare, and the stronglydefined subtriangular glabella and occipital ring, Menomonia. Noth-ing more is known to me of the species than is shown by the illustra-tions. The test usually adheres to the matrix so as to show itsinterior surface ; small fragments indicate that its outer surface ispitted or punctate, which may account for its adhesion to the matrix.The largest cranidium has a length of 12 mm.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (5!) limestone inter-bedded in the Wolsey shale, Meagher County, on the road to Wolsey,about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of the divide at the head of SawmillCreek, and 11 miles (17.7 km.) south of Neihart, Little Belt Moun-tains, Cascade County, Montana.ALOKISTOCARE LINNARSSONI (Walcott)Plate 25, figs. 7, yaPtychoparia ? linnarssoni Walcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 8,p. 47, pi. 9, figs. 18, i8a. (Description and illustrations of typical cra-nidia of the species.)This is a fine species known only by its cranidium and free cheeks,which are well shown by the illustrations. The outer surface of thetest has been more or less injured by weathering, but it indicatesthat, it was originally minutely pitted or punctate. The character ofthe frontal margin of the cranidium is indicated by the fiat rim ofthe associated free cheek, except that the rim thickens and isseparated by a scarcely perceptible depression from the frontal limb.The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 11 mm.The most nearly related species, A. ? prospectense, occurs 3,000feet lower down in the Eureka district section. They both have arounded frontal limb and rim, but that of ^. f prospectense is shorter,and the palpebral lobes are larger and further back on the fixedcheeks.Formation and locality'.—^Middle Cambrian: (58) shaly lime-stones in upper beds of the Secret Canyon shale ; east side of NewYork and Secret Canyons, Eureka District, Eureka County, Nevada.Upper Cambrian: (15J) Orr formation; southwest part FishSpring Range; and (i5t) near south end Fish Creek Range, bothin Toole County, Utah.
l86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64ALOKISTOCARE POMONA, new speciesPlate 25, fig. 6General form elongate, with broad cephalon and thorax converg-ing rather uniformly to the small, narrow pygidium. The cephalonis characterized by its relatively narrow glabella and fixed cheeksand broad free cheeks. One only of the species shows the medianboss of the frontal limb crossing the transverse frontal furrow. Thegenal angles are produced into spines that extend backward somedistance beyond the ends of the thoracic segments.Thorax with 19 narrow segments; axial lobe strongly defined byits convexity ; pleural lobes with the geniculation of the segmentsat about two-thirds the length of the segment, where rather strongstraight pleural furrows bend backward and narrow to a sharppoint.Pygidium small, but details of structure unknown.Surface, as shown by casts in fine argillaceous shale, slightlyroughened by shallow pits.The only nearly entire dorsal shield has a length of 6 mm. forcranidium, and 10 mm. for thorax.Observations.—This fine species dififers from other species referredto Alokistocare by its narrow fixed cheeks ; broad free cheeks ; nar-row postero-lateral limb, an.d elongate, narrow glabella with itsfaint lateral furrows. With our present information it is placedunder this genus pending further discovery of closely allied forms.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian : ( isgf ) Wolsey shale
;
below Sixteen Station in Sixteen Mile Canyon, Meagher County,Montana.Collected and presented to U. S. National Museum by M. Collen.ALOKISTOCARE ? PROSPECTENSE (Walcott)Plate 25, fig. 8Ptychoparia ? prospectensis Walcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey,Vol. 8, p. 46, pi. 9, fig. 20. (Description and illustration of type speci-men of cranidium.)Ptychoparia ? prospectensis Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30,p. 202, pi. 27, fig. 5. (Reprint of previous description and a poor repro-duction of illustration.)There is nothing to add to the original description of the typecranidium except to note that I now think that the " finely granu-lose " surface is produced by the minute ridges between shallow pits,and that the surface is characterized by shallow pits rather than fine
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 187granulations. The resemblance to the cranidium of A. linnarssoniis mentioned in the note on that species.Formation and locality.-—Middle Cambrian: (52a) ProspectMountain formation ; shale interbedded in limestone 500 to 600 feet(152 to 182.8 m.) down northeast slope of Prospect Mountain,Eureka district, Eureka County, Nevada.ALOKISTOCARE SUBCORONATUM (Hall and Whitfield)Plate 25, fig. 2Conocephalites subcoronatus Hall and Whitfield, 1877, Geol. Explor. For-tieth Par., Vol. 4, p. 237, pi. 2, fig. I. (Original description andillustration.)Ptychoparia subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield) Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S.Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 205, pi. 28, fig. 4. (Reprints original descrip-tion and figure, and comments on species.)Ptychoparia subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield) Walcott, 1891, Tenth Ann.Rept., U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 652, pi. 96, fig. 6. (Notes occurrence ofspecies in Low^er Cambrian of New York, and reproduces figures ofHall and Whitfield.)There is little to add to the original description of Hall andWhitfield. Additional collections have afforded only the cranidiaand shown that the outer surface is roughened slightly by shallowpits and possibly by puncta^.The cranidium of A. subcoronatum may be compared with that ofA. althea (pi. 25, figs. 3a, 4a), which is most nearly related to it.Other species have some strong points of resemblance, such aswide fixed cheeks, boss in front of the glabella, flat, slightly upward-curving frontal rim, and small to medium-sized palpebral lobes.The largest cranidium has a length of 8 mm.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian : Type specimens fromUte limestone, base of Ute Peak, Wasatch Range; (31c, 54 o) Uteformation; ib of section," Blacksmith Fork Canyon, about to miles(16.1 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County, Utah.ALOKISTOCARE TICIDA, new speciesPlate 26, figs. 6, 6aThis species is characterized by having a glabella about half aslong as the cranidium ; an elongate boss on the frontal limb crossingthe frontal furrow ; high and relatively narrow fixed cheeks ; eyesposterior to the center of the cranidium ; rather broad and upward-curving frontal rim, and rather short postero-lateral limbs. Theglabella shows traces of three short furrows on each side.Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908. p. 196.
l88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64Surface more or less roughened by small, shallow and deep pits,some of which result from weathering of the surface.A cranidium 17 mm. in length has a width of about 14 mm. atthe palpebral lobes.The cranidium is similar to that of A. pomona (pi. 25, fig. 6) inhaving narrow fixed cheeks .and palpebral lobes back of the centerof the cranidium. It differs from A. subcoronatum in its narrowfixed cheeks, large size, and elevated palpebral lobes, Stratigraph-ically it occurs about 1,200 feet above Alokistocare subcoronatum inthe Blacksmith Fork section.^Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (55s) Bloomingtonformation ; 2b of section ; ^ about 9 miles ( 14.4 km.) above the mouthof Blacksmith Fork Canyon, and 15 miles (24 km.) east of Hyrum,Cache County, Utah,Genus LONCHOCEPHALUS OwenLonchocephalus Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 575. (De-scription.)Lonchocephalus Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab.Nat. Hist., pp. 147, 160. (Quotes Owen's description and groups speciesbelonging to several genera under Lonchocephalus, p. 160.)Lonchocephalus Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p, 104,(Considers Lonchocephalus chippewaensis the type of the genus, butconsiders the genus synonymous with Conoceplialites.)Lonchocephalus Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 129. (Reprintof remarks of 1863.)Lonchocephalus Owen, Miller, 1889, North Amer. Geol, and Pal., p. 555,Original description by Owen. " In this small and singular genusthe highly arched glabella is either undivided, or has only two veryobscure furrows, A spine of greater or less length projects back-wards from the base of the glabella, in the median line of the bodyover the thoracic segments (fig, 12, pi, lA), The pygidium foundassociated in the same beds is semilunar, with little or no border,and has four segments on the axial lobe,"Following the above description is the description of Loncho-cephalus chippewaensis. The generic description points clearly tothis species, but the figure referred to is that of L. hamulus. Theauthor also illustrates three cranidia of L. chippewaensis (pi. i, figs.6, 14; pi, IA, fig. 9), which come within the generic descriptionmuch more nearly than the cranidium of L. hamulus. The speciesmost nearly related to L, hamulus is that illustrated and named byOwen Crepicephalus ? wisconsensis (pi, i, fig, 13),Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, pp. 194-196.Idem, p, 194,
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 189Dr. James Hall (1863, pp. 147, 148) considers Lonchocephalus asynonym of Conoccphalites, although realizing that to unite Crepi-cephalus and Lonchocephalus with the typical form of Conoccpha-lites is difficult (p. 148).To the general description of Owen we may now add that thethorax has seven segments and that the dorsal shield is convex withan elongate oval outline. The only entire specimen has a length of4.25 mm. Surface of the type species unknown, as all specimens arepreserved as casts in a fine-grained sandstone. Specimens of L. minu-tus, L. pholus, L. plena, and L. appalachia have a more or less granu-lated surface with a shallow pitting in places.Genotype.—Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen.Stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.—Lonchocephaluschippewaensis, L. minor, and L. sospita occur in the Upper CambrianEau Claire formation, of Wisconsin and Minnesota ; L. bunus in theFranconia formation, Minnesota ; L. minutus in the Potsdam sand-stone, eastern New York ; L. appalachia in the Maryville limestone,Alabama ; L. pholus and L. plena in the Weeks formation, westernUtah, all Upper Cambrian.Observations.—I think the species referred to Lonchocephalusshould be characterized as having a short convex glabella, shortfrontal limb, and narrow frontal border, median spine on the occipi-tal ring, six or seven thoracic segments, and a relatively large, well-developed pygidium with continuous border and strong axial lobe.As restricted, there are seven species now known to me : L. chippe-waensis Owen, L. minor (Shumard), L. minutus (Bradley), L. bunusWalcott, L. sospita Walcott, L. pholus Walcott, and L. plena Wal-cott. The second species referred to Lonchocephalus by Owen, L.hamulus, is placed under the new genus Saratogia.Of named and described genera Lonchocephalus is most nearlyrelated to Liostracus Angelin, 1854.'' With only the cranidia forcomparison, the difference between them is in the frontal limb andrim, and the absence of well-defined glabellar furrows in Liostracus.The typical species of the latter occurs in the Middle CambrianParadoxides oelandicus zone of Sweden, and Lonchocephalus is anUpper Cambrian genus as far as known in America.The specific name Lonchocephalus fecundus is mentioned bySafiford in a list of fossils from the Knox shale,^ but the specieswas not described or illustrated.
^ Pal. Scand., p. 27.
^ Geology Tennessee, 1869, p. 212.
190 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64LONCHOCEPHALUS APPALACHIA, new speciesPlate 35, figs. 6, 6a-eThis is a fine large species more nearly related in some aspects toSaratogia than to Lonchocephalus. Its conical glabella with roundedfront, short frontal limb, and strong frontal border all suggestLonchocephalus.The largest cranidium has a length of 15 mm. exclusive of theoccipital spine.Surface roughened by minute granulation that appears to beformed of very irregular ridges with shallow pits between them.On some places the granulation appears to predominate, and onothers the pitting.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (123a) Maryvillelimestone; 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, HawkinsCounty, Tennessee; (139a) Conasauga formation in thin layer ofinterbedded limestone, near Chepultepec, Jefferson County, Alabama.LONCHOCEPHALUS BUNUS, new speciesPlate 34, figs. 9, gaThis species differs from L. chippewaensis, L. minor, and L. min-utus in its longer and more conical glabella and form of frontal rim.In the latter species the rim widens in front of the glabella, with thewidening forming a blunt point extending inward towards theglabella ; in L. bunus the inner side of the rim is uniformly curvedand the outer side projects slightly, the rim narrowing laterally.The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 6 mm.Outer surface unknown.Lonchocephalus bunus appears to be the representative of the genusin the Franconia formation.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (99) Franconiaformation; Minneiska, on the Mississippi River, near the linebetween Wabasha and Winona Counties, Minnesota.LONCHOCEPHALUS CHIPPEWAENSIS OwenPlate 34, figs. 3, 3a; plate 37Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Wis., Iowa, Minn.,p. 5/6, pi. I, figs. 6, 14?; pi. lA, fig. 9. (Description and illustration ofthe cranidium and pygidium.)Conocephalites chippezvaensis Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.,Vol. 2, p. 104. (Discusses species and considers it the type of the genusLonchocephalus.)
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES IQIConoccphalitcs minor Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab.Nat. Hist., p. 149, pi. 8, figs. 1-4. (Describes and illustrates typicalforms of L. chippewaensis as C. minor.)Conocephalites minor Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 132, pi. 3,figs. 1-4. (Reprint of paper of 1863.)The type specimens of this species were from near Menomonie,Dunn County, Wisconsin, where later collections show the cranidiaand pygidia in abundance, associated with Crepicephalus iowensisand Menomonia calymenoides, which are so characteristic of the EauClaire formation. These two species are also associated with L.chippewaensis at Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, whereShumard's specimens of Conocephalites minor came from. Shumardstates that Owen's species, Conocephalites chippeivaensis ( = Lon-chocephalus) , is associated with his C. minor. I do not find themassociated at either locality of L. minor, although the range of varia-tion in the glabella of L. chippewaensis sometimes brings the shorterforms of the glabella close to the glabella of C. minor.After examining a large series of specimens from various locali-ties and studying the descriptions of L. chippewaensis by Owen andhis illustrations, also those of Hall, I am convinced that Hall de-scribed and illustrated Owen's species under the impression that hewas working with L. minor of Shumard. It is interesting to notethat he does not refer to Owen's species L. chippezvaensis, althoughthe two forms are so much alike. He speaks of a specimen sent himby Shumard as being more rotund and with a proportionally shorterglabella. These characters constitute the diiTerences between L.minor and L. chippewaensis. It would seem that Owen's specieswas overlooked at that time.In the vicinity of Eau Claire the species is very abundant andranges through the middle and upper beds of the Eau Claire forma-tion ; fine specimens are also abundant at Rock Falls, Dunn County.Some of the cranidia have a slight longitudinal furrow on thefrontal limb in front of the glabella and a tendency of the*frontal rimto thicken and extend inward opposite the furrow.By a fortunate find at St. Croix Falls, by Dr. Samuel Weidman,we now have an entire dorsal shield. This shows seven segmentsand clearly indicates that Lonchocephalus differs materially fromother genera of the Olenidse in having a convex cranidium with anoccipital spine and a less number of thoracic segments. By usingthe somewhat abraded dorsal shield as a base and more perfect speci-mens of the cephalon and cranidium, a restoration has been madeas shown by figure 3a, plate 34.
192 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Lonchocephalus pholiis (pi. 34, figs, i, la-b) from western Utahis much Hke this species, and is its representative in the Cordilleranregion.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation
;
(84) Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County,Minnesota.(82) On the bank of St. Croix River, at St. Croix Falls, PolkCounty; (82a) 25 feet (7.6 m.) above the water level near theKnapp, Stout & Co.'s building, Menomonie; (80) 0.66 miles (i.ikm.) southwest of the railway station, Menomonie; (134) banksof Red Cedar River opposite Menomonie; also (83a) Rock Falls,Dunn County; (78a and 98x) upper beds and (98) middle beds onMount Washington, near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; and(looa) Ettrick, Trempealeau County; all in Wisconsin.LONCHOCEPHALUS MINOR (Shumard)Plate 34, figs. 8, 8a-bConocephalites minor Shumard, 1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol.2, p. 105. (Describes but does not illustrate species.)Ptychoparia minor Walcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8, p. 91.(Species referred to Ptychoparia.)Not Conocephalites minor Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. StateCab. Nat. Hist, p. 149, pi. 8, figs. 1-4.Not Conocephalites minor Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 132,pi. 3, figs. 1-4.Original description.—"Very small ; glabella well defined by lineardorsal furrows, subcircular, much elevated above the cheeks, regu-larly convex, slightly longer than wide, marked on either side withtwo short, deep lateral furrows, which are directed obliquely back-wards and reach not quite one-third the distance across; neckfurrow linear, distinctly but not deeply impressed, sinuate, archedforward in the middle; neck segment short triangular, gently con-vex, not elevated, posterior angle terminating in a delicate acicularspine, which is prolonged backwards, its length unknown ; frontmargin narrow, convex ; cheeks rounded, having very delicate ocularridges, which pass from the eyes in a short curve to reach theglabella, a short distance in advance of the anterior glabellar furrow." Length of head, o.io of an inch; length of glabella, 0.08." The glabella of this species has the form and convexity ofC. (Monocephalus) globosus of Billings ; but the latter is destituteof lateral furrows, and the neck segment is not triangular as in ourspecies." ^Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 105.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 193Lonchocephalus minor differs from L. chippewaensis in having aproportionally shorter more rotund glabella, almost no frontal limb,and usually with a slight incurving of the frontal furrow toward thelongitudinal axis of the glabella.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (84) Eau Claireformation; Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, WinonaCounty, Minnesota.This is the type locality of the species.Also from (79X) Eau Claire formation; near flour mill on BeaverCreek, north of Galesville, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin.LONCHOCEPHALUS MINUTUS (Bradley)Plate 34, figs. 4, 4a-gConocephalites minutus Bradley, i860, American Journ. Sci., 2d ser., Vol.30, pp. 241-242, text figs. 1-3. (Detailed description of species, with noteby E. Billings.)Conocephalites minutus Billings, i860. Idem, pp. 242-243 (discussion ofspecies), and pp. 337-338, text figs. 40-0. (Additional data on speciesand further discussion of it.)Conocephalites minutus Bradley, i860. Can. Nat. and Geol., Vol. 5, pp. 420-421, and text figs. 1-3. (Reprint of paper in American Journal ofScience noted above.)Conocephalites minutus Billings, i860, Idem, pp. 422-425, and text figs.4a-c. (Reprint of two notes in American Journal of Science notedabove.)Conocephalites minutus Bradley, 1861, Proc. American Assoc. Adv. Sci.,Vol. 14, pp. 161-163, and text figs. 1-3. (Reprint of paper mentioned infirst reference.)Conocephalites minutus Billings, 1861, Idem, pp. 163-166, and text figs. ^a-c.(Reprint of his two notes mentioned in the second reference.)Conocephalites minutus Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept., New YorkState Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 150-151, pi. 8, figs. 5-7. (Describes speciesand compares it with C. minor.)Conocephalites minutus Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, pp. 134-135,pi. 3, figs. 5-7. (Reprint of the preceding reference, with same figures.)Ptychoparia minutus Walcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8,p. 91. (Refers to species and places it under Ptychoparia.)Ptychoparia minuta Walcott, 1912, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 9,pp. 267-268, pi. 43, figs. 20-24. (Observations and illustrations.)The study of the genus Lonchocephalus has led to its restrictionto the form closely related to the type species L. chippewaensis, andthis brings Bradley's species minutus under Lonchocephalus.It is a small form represented by cranidia and pygidia, and it veryclosely resembles L. chippewaensis. One of the points of differenceis its flattened frontal rim.
194 SMITHSONJAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS \0L. 64Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : Potsdam sandstoneformation; (77) near the water level below the falls at the highbridge and also at several horizons in the section above, the highestpoint being 70-75 feet (21.3 to 22.9 m.) above the water, AusableChasm, near Keeseville, Essex County: (136a) in sandstone on alarge brook at a point on the Mineville Railroad at the turning ofthe first Y near Port Henry, Essex County; (109) in sandstone 25feet (7.6 m.) above the Archean, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) south ofDeweys Bridge on the Champlain Canal, Washington County;(iioa) in sandstone a little above and east of the canal road, northend of town of Whitehall, Washington County; and (m) at thetop of the Potsdam sandstone on Marble River, i mile (1.6 km.)south of Chateaugay, Franklin County; all in New York.LONCHOCEPHALUS PHOLUS, new speciesPlate 34, figs. I, la-bThis species is known only from the cranidium. It differs fromL. chippewaensis Owen and L. minutus (Bradley) in details of theglabella, fixed cheeks, and frontal limb. The cranidium is less con-vex and the occipital spine stronger than in the species mentioned.The surface appears to be finely granulated as in L. plena, andalso to have shallow pits scattered over it. The associated L. plena(pi. 33, fig. 2) has a shorter frontal limb and a convex and evenlyrounded glabella.The largest cranidium has a length of 6 mm. exclusive of theoccipital spine.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (son) Weeks forma-tion (ic of section),^ also (30 o) (ib of section) ; north side ofWeeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, HouseRange, Millard County, Utah.LONCHOCEPHALUS PLENA, new speciesPlate 34, figs. 2, 2aThis species is represented by a cephalon and several cranidia.It differs from the associated L. pholus in the outline of the glabella,short frontal limb, and very narrow fixed cheek.Surface of test apparently finely granulated and with shallow pitsscattered irregularly on it.The largest cranidium has a length of 3.5 mm. exclusive of theoccipital spine.
^ Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES I95Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (30 o) Weeks forma-tion ( i& of section) ; north side of Weeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.)south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah.LONCHOCEPHALUS SOSPITA, new speciesPlate 36, figs. I, laThis species is represented by several small cranidia on a fragmentof sandstone as shown by figure 5. The broadly rounded, nearlytransverse front of the conical glabella, swollen frontal limb, andvery narrow, thread-like frontal rim serve to distinguish it from otherspecies of the genus. The largest cranidium has a length of 4 mm.Surface unknown.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (339k) Eau Claireformation ; near Winona, Winona County, Minnesota.Specimen collected and presented to the United States NationalMuseum by Mr. W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona.SARATOGIA, new genusThis genus is known only by the cranidia and free cheeks of thecephalon, fragments of the thoracic segments, and the pygidium.The cranidium and free cheeks are not unlike those of Crepi-cephalus iowensis Owen and Ptychoparia diademata except that thefixed cheeks are narrow in Saratogia and there is a long spine on theoccipital ring. The pygidia associated with Saratogia calcifera and6^. zvisconsensis and referred to those species are small and similarin type to the pygidium of Ptychoparia kochibei.^The surface of the test of Saratogia calcifera is thickly studdedwith small, low granules.The cranidia of the species referred to the genus indicate a lengthof from 40 to 45 mm. for the dorsal shield.Genotype.—Conocephalites calciferous Walcott (1879, Thirty-second Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., pp. 129-130).Stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.—Saratogia cal-cifera is found in the Upper Cambrian Hoyt limestone of New York ;6'. arses in the Nolichucky formation, Tennessee ; 6^. zvisconsensis andS. volux in the Eau Claire formation ; S. hamulus and 6^. hera in theFranconia formation of Wisconsin, and 6". telhis in the Middle Cam-brian, Kiu-lung group of Shantung, China.Observations.—The genus Saratogia differs from Ptychoparia^ inthe form of the glabella, narrow fixed cheeks, large eyes, and the
^ Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1913, Vol. 3,Pub. No. 54, pi. 12, figs. 5, so.
" Syst. Sil. du Boheme, Vol. l, 1852, pi. 29, fig. 39.
196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64concave curvature of the frontal limb and border. It has very littlein common with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis, the genotype of thegenus Lonchocephalus, under which all the species now includedunder Saratogia have been included.The species now referred to Saratogia are
:
Saratogia arses, n. sp. (pi. 35, figs. 4, /{a-b).Saratogia aruno, n. sp. (pi. 35, figs. 5, Sa-^)-Saratogia calcifcra (Walcott) (pi. ZZ, figs. 6, 6a).Saratogia hamulus (Owen) [Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat.Hist., 1863, pi. 7, figs. 43, 44].Saratogia hera, n. sp. (pi. 35, figs. 3, 30-6).Saratogia tellus (Walcott) [Research in China, Carnegie Institution ofWashington, No. 3, Vol. 54, 1913, pi. 14, fig. i].Saratogia volux, n. sp. (pi. 34, fig. 3).Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) (pi. 34, figs. 5, 50-^) [See Hall, SixteenthAnn, Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pi. 7, figs. 39-41 ; pi. 8,figs. 22, 23, 24, 27, 28. Walcott].The occurrence of Saratogia hamulus (Owen) in the YellowstoneNational Park is quite probable, but not proven by reliable speci-mens.^ SARATOGIA ARSES, new speciesPlate 35, figs. 4, 4a-&This is a small species represented by a cranidium about 4 mm.in length exclusive of the occipital spine. It differs from thesomewhat similar species 5". aruno (pi. 35, fig. 5) and .S*. wisconsen-sis (pi. 34, fig. 5) in form of glabella and in the greater convexityof the glabella. The outer surface of the test appears to be nearlysmooth.The occurrence of this species in one of the thin gray limestonelayers in the Nolichucky shale is interesting, as it serves to connectthe Upper Cambrian fauna of the Appalachian region and that ofthe upper Mississippian area.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (173) Nolichuckyformation; Maryville, Blount County, Tennessee.SARATOGIA ARUNO, new speciesPlate 35, figs. 5, 5a-&This small species is represented by a cranidium that is very muchlike that of Saratogia wisconsensis (pi. 34, fig. 5), and it may be thatwith more and better specimens it will be decided that the two arespecifically identical.
^ Monogr. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1899, p. 461.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 197The cranidiiim illustrated has a length of 3 mm, exclusive of theoccipital spine, and occurs in a fine argillaceous shale.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (128) Conasaugaformation; 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southwest of Cleveland, Bradley-County, Tennessee.SARATOGIA CALCIFERA (Walcott)Plate 34, figs. 6, 6a-eConocephalites calciferous Walcott, 1879, Thirty-second Ann. Rept. NewYork State Mus., pp. 129-130. (Description of species.)Ptychoparia calcifera (Walcott), 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ng. 30, p.21. (Name in list of species.)Ptychoparia calcifera (Walcott) Dwight, 1887, Trans. Vassar Bros. Inst.,Vol. 4, pp. 207-208. (Species mentioned in text.)Ptychoparia calcifera (Walcott) Lesley, 1889, Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania,Rept. P 4, Dictionary of Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 831. (Text fig. i reproducedfrom drawing sent him by Walcott.)Ptychoparia calcifera Weller, 1903, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Rept. on Pal.,Vol. 3, The Paleozoic Faunas, pi. i, fig. 14. (Illustrates a fragmentdoubtfully referred to this species.)Lonchocephalus calciferus (Walcott), 1912, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol.57, No. 9, pp. 270-272, pi. 43, figs. 7-10. (Repeats earlier description andadds further observations.)This species has been recently described in this series of papers.The illustrations are reproduced for comparison with the type speciesof the genus Lonchocephalus (pi. 34, figs. 3, 3a-&),Saratogia calcifera is made the genotype of Saratogia on accountof its being in a much better state of preservation than other speciesreferred to the genus.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: Hoyt limestone; (76)arenaceous limestone at Hoyts quarry, 4 miles (6.4 km.) west ofSaratoga Springs, Saratoga County; (76a) in a railroad quarry,I mile (1.6 km.) north of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County; andin arenaceous limestone, 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Poughkeepsie,Dutchess County ; all in New York.SARATOGIA HERA, new speciesPlate 35, figs. 3, 2>a-bThis is essentially similar to vS. zvisconsensis with a glabella of theConaspis shumardi form. Only the cranidia are preserved, alongwith scattered thoracic segments bearing a long, slender, backward-extending spine on the axial lobe.
198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Surface unknown. The largest cranidium has a length of 14 mm.exclusive of the occipital spine.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (98a) Franconiaformation ; Marine Mills, Washington County, Minnesota.SARATOGIA VOLUX, new speciesPlate 35, figs. 2, 2aThis species is known only by the cranidium. It is associatedwith Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen, but the nearest relatedform is Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen). It differs from the latterin having a more conical glabella, shorter frontal limb, proportionallywider frontal border, and shorter median spine on the occipital ring.The palpebral lobes are about one-fourth the length of the cranidium.Surface unknown. The largest cranidium has a length of 8 mm.exclusive of the occipital spine.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (78a) Eau Claireformation ; upper quarry on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire,Eau Claire County, Wisconsin.SARATOGIA WISCONSENSIS (Owen)Plate 34, figs. 5, sa-cCrepicephalus ? wisconsensis Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa,Minn., pi. i, fig. 13. (Illustrates a cranidium.)Conocephalites wisconsensis Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New YorkState Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 164, pi. 7, figs. 39-41 (42) ; pi. 8, figs. 22-24,27, 28; p. 147 {obiter). (Describes and illustrates species.)Conocephalites wisconsensis Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,Vol. 2, p. 103. (Comments upon and gives additional information, butnot as complete as Hall.)Dikelocephalus latifrons Shumard, 1863, Idem, p. loi. (Describes a brokencranidium subsequently referred to Conocephalites wisconsensis byHall.)Conocephalites latifrons Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York StateCab. Nat. Hist, p. 122 (gen. ref.), p. 165, pi. 7, fig. 40. (Refers speciesto C. wisconsensis, and illustrates type specimen of Shumard.)Conocephalites wisconsensis Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 130{obiter), p. 151, pi. 2, figs. 39-41; pi. 3, figs. 23-24, 27, 28. (Reprint ofdescription and illustrations of 1863.)Anomocare wisconsensis (Hall) Dames, 1883, Richthofen's China, Berlin,Vol. 4, p. 15 (gen. ref.). (Refers Hall's Conocephalites wisconsensis,1863, pi. 7, fig. 39; pi. 8, figs. 22-24, 27, 28, to Anomocare.)Conocephalites wisconsensis (Owen) Chamberlin, 1883, Geol. Wis., Vol.1, p. 131. (Reproduces figures of cranidium and free cheek afterHall, 1863.)
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 199Ptychoparia (Lonchoccphalus) wisconsensis (Owen) Walcott, 1899,Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 32, Pt. 2, p. 461, pi. 64, figs, i, la-b.(Notes occurrence in Wyoming, and illustrates. By error a pygidiumof Ptychoparia ? diadcviata Hall is referred to this species, pi. 64, fig.ic, and a cranidium of Saratogia hamulus (Owen), fig. lb.)Ptychoparia (Lonchocephalus) wisconsensis (Owen) Walcott, Grabau andShimer, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 277. (Notesoccurrence of species.)This species is known only by the cranidium, free cheeks, andpossibly pygidium. In the Franconia formation of Wisconsin andMinnesota it occurs in the form of casts in fine-grained sandstone,and its outer surface is not preserved, and the same is true of thespecimens from the Yellowstone National Park, which are slightlyeroded as they occur on the limestone slabs. Saratogia wisconsensisdififers from 5". calcifera in many details of the cranidium, notably inthe frontal limb and rim. It is quite unlike ^. hamulus (Hall).Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (i5ie) Gallatin lime-stone; north side of Soda Butte Creek, below saddle on ridgebetween Pebble Creek and Soda Butte Creek, Crowfoot section,northeastern corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.Also (79) Eau Claire formation; Hudson, St. Croix County;(99a) Franconia formation; near Pilot Knob, Adams County;(83*) Trempealeau, Trempealeau County ; all in Wisconsin.Also Franconia formation; (97) Reeds Landing, foot of LakePepin, Wabasha County ; and (339g) near Winona, Winona County
;
both in Minnesota.And (86c) Eau Claire formation; Lansing, Allamakee County,Iowa. Southeast of city at low-water mark.This species occurs at other localities in Wisconsin and Minnesota,but at present I do not have specimens before me for identificationexcept from those given above.Family CERATOPYGiDyEGenus CREPICEPHALUS OwenCrepicephalus Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 576, pi.I, fig. 8, tab. Ai, figs. 10, 16, 18. (Describes genus and refers tofigures of cranidium and pygidium of the species C. iowetisis.)Crepicephalus Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept N. Y. State Cab. Nat.Hist., p. 147. (Reprints Owen's description, and comments on genus.Refers species C. iowensis to Conocephalites.)Crepicephalus Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p. 103.(Considers Crepicephalus as identical with Conocephalites.)Crepicephalus Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 130. (Reprintof paper of 1863.)
200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Crepiccphalus Hall and Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Geol. Expl. 40th Pari.,Vol. 4, p. 209. (Discuss Crepiccphalus as a possible synonym ofLoganellus Devine, and refer a new species of Ptychoparia namedhaguei to Crepiccphalus (Loganellus), also the new species nitidus,granulosus, maculosus, unisulcatus, simulator, anytus, and angulatus,none of which belong to Crepiccphalus.)Crepiccphalus Walcott, 1884, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 10, p. 35. (Callsattention to placing of species referred to Crepiccphalus (Loganellus)by Hall and Whitfield under Ptychoparia and remarks on Crepiccpha-lus.)Crepiccphalus Walcott, 1886, Idem, No. 30, p. 206. (Quotes Owen'sdescription and remarks, and concludes that Dikelocephalus ? iowensisshould be taken as the genotype.)Crepiccphalus Owen, Miller, 1889, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 540.(Gives a generic description and refers to C. iowensis Owen as thetype of the genus, also includes many species of other genera underCrcpicephalus.)Crepiccphalus Vogdes, 1890, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 63, p. 105. (Con-cludes that Owen described a true Ptychoparia and not a new genericform.)Crepiccphalus Vogdes, 1893, Cal. Acad. Sci., Occ. Pap., Vol. 4, p. 293.(Reprint of comments of 1890.)Crepiccphalus Walcott, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 32, Pt. 2,p. 459. (Gives reasons for using C. iowensis as the type of the genus,and illustrates an entire dorsal shield of an allied species, C. texanus(pi. 55, fig. S)-)Crepiccphalus Owen, Grabau and Shimer, 1910, North American IndexFossils, Vol. 2, p. 283. (Brief diagnosis of genus.)The cephala of the species referred to Crepicephalits vary indetails, but all have the elongate glabella with sides convergingtowards the front, and two or three pairs of more or less distinctlydefined short glabella furrows ; the occipital ring may have a strongmedian spine, C. tripunctatiis magnispinus, or a minute node at itscenter, C. iowensis. The frontal limb may be short and convex,C. iowensis, or broad and depressed, C. texanus; the frontal furrowmay be narrow and simple, C. iowensis, or broad and marked bythree relatively large pits ; the frontal border may be narrow andwire-like, C. iowensis, or broad and flattened, C. te.vanus. In allspecies the eyes are of medium size, centrally placed, and with anarrow ridge crossing the fixed cheek from the palpebral lobe to thedorsal furrow near the anterior end of the glabella.The free cheeks all have a rather strong genal spine. The courseof the facial suture is similar to that of Ptychoparia.The thorax has from 12 to 14 transverse segments ; pleuralfurrows well defined, and termination of pleural lobes of each seg-ment slightly falcate.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 20IThe pygidia may be arranged in two groups : First, the C. iowen-sis group, in which the postero-lateral margin of the pygidiumextends backward on each side from a broad base into a sharpnarrow spine. Second, the C. texanns group, in which the postero-lateral spines are long, slender, and attached to the side of the pleurallobe above the margin. The latter appears to be the oldest form,as it occurs with C. augnsta and C. liliana (pi. 29) of the upper bedsof the Lower Cambrian, and also with the Middle Cambrian speciesof China, C. convexus^ One of the Chinese species, C. damia, hasan associated pygidium " that is similar in appearance to the pygidiumof C texanus.The surface of the C. iowensis group of species is smooth to theunaided eye, but slightly roughened by fine pitting when seen witha strong lens. The C. texanus group of species all have a more orless decided granulation. The test of all known species of the genusin which it is preserved is pitted and apparently punctate.The various species now referred to Crepicephalus may be groupedas follows
:
Crepicephalus iowensis group : Test nearly smooth, probablypunctate, frontal furrow of cranidium narrow and simple ; pygidiumtransverse with border extended into broad-based sharp postero-lateral spines. Species: C. iowensis (pi. 29), C. camiro (pi. 32),C. convexus (China), C. coosensis (pi. 32), C. dis (pi. 32), C. mag-nus (China), C. undt. spp. (pi. 32, figs. 4 and 4a).Crepicephalus texanus group : Test granulated, probably punc-tate ; frontal furrow of cranidium usually broad and strong, withthree marked pits in front of the glabella; pygidium slightly trans-verse with a narrow, long spine coming out of the pleural lobe oneach postero-lateral side. Species: C. texanus (pi. 30), C. comus(pi. 31), C. coria (pi. 33), C. damia (China), C. texanus danace(pi. 29), C. texanus elongatus (pi. 29), C. thoosa (pi. 31), C. tri-punctatus (pi. 33), C. tripunctatus magnispinus (pi. 33), C. tumidus(pl.3i)-The species C. tripunctatus and variety magnispinus differ fromall other known species of the genus in having a strong occipitalspine.Genotype.—Dikeloccphalus ? iowensis Owen.*
' Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 3, 1913, pp.140-142, pi. 13, fig. 16&.
^ Idem, pi. 13, fig. 14&.
' Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 575, pi. i, fig. 4; pi. lA, fig. 13.
202 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Dr. Owen describes the genus Crcpicephalus (1852), but does notmention a species as the type species or apply the name to the formwhich he describes generically. He refers in his generic descrip-tion to several figures; the first is figure 16 of plate lA. This hasin it two pygidia and two cranidia of C. iowensis. He also refers tofigures 10 and i8 of the same plate, both of which have a cranidiumof C iowensis on the rock.The associated pygidia that he refers to and illustrates by figure8 of plate I and figure 16 of plate lA both belong to C. iowensis.Apparently by error, Dr. Owen placed the species C. iowensis underthe genus Dikelocephalus and in the description of the plate asDikelocephaliis ? iowensis.In view of the references to the figures in the generic description,and evident error in referring the species iowensis to the genusDikelocephalus, the cranidium of which it does not resemble in anyrespect, I think we should assume without question that the speciesiowensis is the type of the genus Crepiccphalus.It is also to be noted that in the description of figure 13, plate I,by Owen, the species wisconsensis is referred with a query ( ?) tothe genus Crepicephalus. No reference, however, is made to thatspecies in the text.Messrs. Hall and Whitfield, in describing Cambrian trilobitesfrom Utah and Nevada, discussed the genus Conocephalites andrevived Crepicephalus as a subgenus equivalent to Loganellus ofDevine. They did not, however, describe the genus Crepicephalus,but referred a number of species to it which possess more or lessdistinctly marked " slipper-shaped " glabella. Prof. Whitfield sub-sequently used the genus in his description of Crepicephalus (Logan-ellus) montanensis^ in the Paleontology of the Black Hills ofDakota." But later (1882) he omitted reference to Loganellus indescribing Crepicephalus onustus.^Stratigraphic range.—Lower Cambrian : Upper beds : C. augusta,C. liliana.Middle Cambrian : C. convexus, C. damia, C. magnus, from China ;C. coosensis, from Alabama.Upper Cambrian : C. iowensis, C. camiro, C. comus, C. coria,C. texanus, C. texanus danace, C. texanus elongatus, C. thoosa, C. tri-punctatus, C. tripunctatus wagnispinus, C. tumidus, C. unca, C. unzia,C. upis, C. undt. spp.Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, 1886, p. 141.'Rept. Geology and Resources of the Black Hills (Jenney), 1880, pp. 341-343.
' Geol. Wisconsin, Vol. 4, 1882, p. 182.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 203Geographic distribution.—Appalachian Province: Virginia toAlabama.Mississippian Province : Wisconsin, Texas.Cordilleran Province: Montana, northern Wyoming, Utah.China: Southwestern Manchuria, Shantung. Australia: Gipps-land, Victoria. Identified from a pygidium.^Observations.—This is a very valuable genus to the stratigraphicgeologist, owing to the wide distribution of several of the species,notably C. texanus, C. thoosa, and C. tripunctatus. With more thor-ough and systematic collecting, it will undoubtedly furnish veryimportant data for the subdivision of the various formations inwhich the species and varieties occur. The persistence of a con-siderable range of variation among the cranidia of C. texanus at theseveral localities where the species occurs serves to strengthen theidentification of that species in Texas, Arizona, Wyoming, andAlabama.The genus falls into the family Ceratopygid?e.^ The relativelylarge pygidium with its postero-lateral spines is characteristic ofother genera referred to the family.The species now referred to Crepicephalus are:Crepicephalus augusta Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 6, 6a-h).Crepicephalus camiro Walcott (pi. 32, figs. 2, 2a).Crepicephalus comus Walcott (pi. 31, figs. 3, 3a).Crepicephalus convexus Walcott [The Cambrian Faunas of China, Walcott,Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, 1913, p. 140,pi. 13, figs. 16, i6a-b].Crepicephalus coosensis Walcott (pi. 32, figs. 3, 2a-f).Crepicephalus coria Walcott (pi. 2>Z, figs. 3- 2>a-9)-Crepicephalus dis Walcott (pi. 32, figs, i, la-c).Crepicephalus daniia Walcott [The Cambrian Faunas of China, supra, p.141, pi. 13, figs. 14, 140-&].Crepicephalus etheridgei Chapman [Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria, n. s., Vol. 23,p. 319, pi. 58, fig. 8. Locality, Dolodrook River, N. E. Gippsland,Victoria].Crepicephalus iowcnsis (Owen) (pi. 29, figs, i, 2, 2a-/).Crepicephalus liliana Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 5, 5a-c).Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) (pi. 29, fig. 7; pi. 30, figs. 1-4, 4a).Crepicephalus texanus danace Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 3, ^a).Crepicephalus texanus elongatus Walcott (pi. 29, figs. 4, 4a).Crepicephalus thoosa Walcott (pi. 31, figs, i, la-k).Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield) (pi. 33, figs, i, la).Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus Walcott (pi. 33, figs. 2, 2a-c).Crepicephalus tumidus Walcott (pi. 31, fig. 2).
^ Crepicephalus etheridgei Chapman."Text-book of Palaeontology, Zittel-Eastman, 1913, Vol. i, p. 717.
204 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Crcpicephalus unca Walcott (pi. 35, figs, i, la-c).Crepicephalus unzia Walcott (pi. 34, figs. 7, ro).Crcpkcphalus upis Walcott (pi. 33, figs. 4, 4c-d).Crepicephalus undt. spp. (pi. 32, figs. 4, 4a).The American species previously referred to Crcpid^f'Iialus andnow referred to other genera are
:
Crepicephalus centralis Whitfield^ Anomocarella ozvcni (Meek and Hay-den).Crepicephalus gibbsi Whitfield ^=Ptychoparia Corda.Crepicephalus (?) viiniscaensis Owen ^= Ptychaspis Hall.Crepicephalus onustus Whitfield =: Anoiiiocarella Walcott.Crepicephalus roanensis Saflford= Unpublished species Walcott.Crepicephalus similis Safford = Unpublished species Walcott.Crepicephalus teunesseensis Safford^ Unpublished species Walcott.Crepicephalus ? wisconseusis Owen= Lonchocephalus Owen.Crepicephalus (Bathyurusf) angulatus Hall and Whitfield^ Ptychoparia(Emmrichella) Walcott.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) granulosus Hall and Whitfield= /«omjioWalcott.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) haguei Hall and Whitfield^ P/j'c/io/'anaCorda.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) maculosus Hall and Whitfield = PtychopariaCorda?Crepicephalus (Loganellus) viontanensis Whitfield =^ Ptychoparia Corda.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) nitidus Hall and Whitfield := P/3»c/io/>anaCorda.Crepicephalus (Loganella) planus Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda.Crepicephalus ? (Loganellus) quadrans Hall and Whitfield= Ff3>c/io/'artaCorda.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) simulator Hall and Whitfield= /noM3)io Wal-cott.Crepicephalus (Loganellus) unisulcatus Hall and Whitfield ^J'tychopariaCorda ? CREPICEPHALUS AUGUSTA WalcottPlate 29, figs. 6, 6a-bCrepicephalus augusta Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30,p. 208, pi. 28, figs. 2, 2a-b. (Description and illustration of cranidiumand pygidium.)Crepicephalus augusta Walcott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey,p. 653, pi. 96, figs. 9, ga-b. (Republishes illustrations of 1886.)Crepicephalus augusta (Walcott), Grabau and Shimer, igio. North Ameri-can Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 283, fig. 1585. (Described and figured.)A detailed description of the specimen representing this specieswas published in 1886, and nothing has been added to it since. Theillustrations are given in this paper in order that the Americanspecies referrred to Crepicephalus may be brought together forcomparative study.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TKILOBITES 20$Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian: (30J Limestone 8miles (12.8 km. j north of Bennetts Spring, on the west slope of theHighland Range; (aia) limestones of Pioche formation, just abovethe quartzitc on cast sirlc of anticline, near l^ioche, both in LincolnCounty, Nevada.CREPICEPHALUS CAMIRO, new speciesPlate 32, figs. 2, 2aThis IS the Appalachian representative of C. iowensis. It differsin its small glabella and broad frontal limb of the cranidium, and theassociated pygidium has about six faintly defined rings and a terminalsection on the axial lobe. The outline of the posterolateral bordersof the pygidium also differs materially by sloping inward, and thetwo spines are shorter and nearer together proportionally with regardto the size of the pygidium.Surface of test minutely pitted or apj^arently punctate under stronglens, but smooth to the unaided eye.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : (120) Maryville lime-stone; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County,18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; and (107) BullRun Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.; north-west of Knoxville, both in Tennessee.CREPICEPHALUS COMUS, new speciesPlate 31, figs. 3, 2>aThis species is represented by cranidia and associated pygidia.The glabella is tumid as in C. tumidus, but the frontal limb is littlemore than a narrow convex extension of the convex fixed cheeksgrading into the broad frontal groove which lies within the veryprominent, rounded frontal border. The three pits in the frontalfurrow are nearly round, and large for the size of the cranidium.Surface finely granulated and test apparently punctate.The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 17 mm.The associated pygidia (fig. 3a) are much like those of C. thoosa(figs. i/-fe).Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (120) Maryville lime-stone ; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County,18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; (107) Bull RunRidge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwestof Knoxville; and (119) beneath Nolichucky shale on Cub Creek,1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, allin Tennessee.
206 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64CREPICEPHALUS COOSENSIS, new speciesPlate 32, figs. 3, za-fThis fine species occurs with a somewhat earher fauna than thatof C. iowensis and other species referred to Crcpicephaliis with theexception of C. liliana and C. augusta (pi. 29). It belongs with theC. ioivensis group of species and differs from them by its broadfrontal limb and border and strongly marked pygidium. The thoraxhas 12 segments and the axial lobe of the pygidium five rings and aterminal section.The large dorsal shield has a length of 6.5 cm. exclusive of thespine of the pygidium. Fragments of the cranidium indicate thata few individuals attained a length of about 7.5 cm.Outer surface minutely granular and apparently minutely punc-tate. Fine irregular venation lines radiate from in front of theglabella across the frontal limb to the edge of the border.All the known specimens of this species occur on the exterior of,or in siliceous nodules that weather out of, a dark argillaceous shaleof the Conasauga formation. The associated fauna is a large one,and includes: Laotira camhria Walcott, Brooksella alternata Wal-cott, Micromitra alabamaensis (Walcott), Lingulella hayesi (Wal-cott), Acrothele bellula Walcott, Acrotreta kutorgai Walcott, Pty-choparia, several species, Anomocare, several species, and Olenoidescurticei Walcott.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (gox) Conasaugaformation ; in and attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodulesin a dark argillaceous shale of the lower part of the Conasaugaformation; east of Center, near Blaine, Coosa Valley, CherokeeCounty, Alabama.CREPICEPHALUS CORIA, new speciesPlate 2:2,, figs. 3- 3a-,?Crepicephalus texanus Walcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53,p. 178. (Name listed in fauna ib and ic of section.)This species is much like C. texanus (pi. 30). It differs in having14 instead of 12 thoracic segments and a uniformly sized and dis-tributed granulation on the exterior surface of the test. Testprobably punctate, as minute pits occur between the surface granules.The largest cranidium has a length of 3.5 cm.The variation in the width of the frontal border is similar to thatof C. texanus, and the glabella is very much alike in the two forms.Crepicephalus coria is the representative in western Utah of C.texanus.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 207Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (son, 30 o, 14V)Weeks formation, in i& and ic of section (Walcott, SmithsonianMisc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 175) ; (soh, 3oi) Orr formation; nearbase and about 275 feet from 2a of section (Idem, p. 177) ; northside of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of MarjumPass, House Range, Millard County, Utah.CREPICEPHALUS DIS, new speciesPlate 32, figs. I, la-cCrepicephaltis Walcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 175, 176.(Name listed in geological section.)This is the C. iowensis (pi. 29) representative in the Cordilleranprovince. It has the same form of glabella except that it is a littlemore conical or rounded in front ; the frontal limb is narrow^er, andthe occipital ring is narrower towards the ends when viewed fromabove. The associated pygidia differ in outline of the postero-lateral portions of the border, which in C. dis are prolonged intoshort spines and in C. iozvensis into long, sharp spines.Crepicephaltis dis is associated with C. coria, but neither the cra-nidium nor the pygidium is similar to that species. The pygidiumis much Hke that of C. camiro (pi. 32, fig. 2a) except that the axiallobe is shorter and has three instead of five or six rings.Surface of test smooth to the unaided eye, and minutely pittedand apparently punctate as seen by a strong lens.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : (son, 30 o, 14V) Weeksformation, in ih and ic of section (Walcott, Smithsonian Misc.Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 175) ; (30J) Orr formation; le of section{Idem, p. 177) ; north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah.CREPICEPHALUS IOWENSIS (Owen)Plate 29, figs. I, 2, 2a-
f
Dikelocephalus ? iowensis Owen, 1852, Rept. Geo!. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn.,P- 575. pl- I. fig- 4; pl- lA, fig. 13. (Describes and illustrates species.)Conoccphalites iowensis (Owen) Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y.State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 162, pi. 7, figs. 29-33; pl. 8, figs. 10-12, 30.(Describes and illustrates species.)Conocephalites iowensis (Owen) Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St.Louis, Vol. 2, p. 102. (Refers to species and having found the head.)Conocephalites iowensis (Owen) Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5,p. 149, pl. 7, figs. 29-33; pl- 3. figs. 10-12, 30. (Reprint of paper of1863.)
208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Ptychoparia (Crepicephalus) iowensis (Owen) Walcott, 1884, Bull. U. S.Geol. Surv., No. 10, p. 36, pi. 6, figs. 2, 20. (Refers to use of Crepi-cephalus as a subgenus and illustrates a cranidium and pygidium.)Ptychoparia (Crepicephalus) iowensis (Owen) Lesley, 1889, Geol. Surv.Pa., Rept. P 4, p. 832. (2 text figs, only.)Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen) Walcott, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv.,Vol. 32, Pt. 2, p. 459. (Refers to this species as type of genus Crepi-cephalus.)To the description given by Hall [1863] we may now add thatthe thorax has 12 segments; and we are also enabled to illustratethe form and general character of the entire dorsal shield, whichis rather closely related to that of C. texanus (pi. 30). There isconsiderable variation in the form of the pygidium. In Owen'sillustration [1852, pi. lA, figs. 11, 13, 15] the postero-lateral spinesdiverge from the median line of the axial lobe, but this divergencedecreases in other specimens until the sides of the pygidium arenearly straight, and the ends of the spines curve inward toward themedian line. The degree of the divergence varies in specimens fromdifferent localities, but in the collection from Menomonie there isvariation from those that are strongly divergent to those that arediverging but slightly from the median line.The reasons for considering this species the type of the genus aregiven under the description of the genus (p. 199).Crepicephalus iowensis is very abundant in the shaly and thin-bedded sandstone of Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota. Only rarelyhave the cephalon, thorax, and pygidium been found unbroken
;
there is only one example known to me in which they are united intheir natural position, and this is broken so that less than one-halfof the dorsal shield remains; this specimen is used as the base forthe restored figure i on plate 29.In all specimens known to me the test has disappeared, but fromthe casts in fine sandstone the outer surface appears to have beensmooth.The larger cranidium has a length of 30 mm., and the one .speci-men showing the length of the dorsal shield has the followingdimensions
:
Total length 78 mm.Cephalon 12.5 mm.Thorax 29.5 mm.Pygidium 14 mm.Crepicephalus iowensis is very abundant in the Eau Claire forma-tion and the upper part of the Dresbach formation.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 209Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation
;
(84) Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County,Minnesota.Also (78a) topmost bed on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire;(98, 98X) upper beds, middle beds, and lower beds near Eau Claire,Eau Claire County; (ygx) near the flour mill on Beaver Creek,north of Galesville, and (looa) at Ettrick, both in TrempealeauCounty; (83a) Rock Falls, and (100) near Menomonie, both inDunn County ; also Dresbach formation ; (83*) lower beds justabove the river, Trempealeau, Trempealeau County, all in Wisconsin.CREPICEPHALUS LILIANA WalcottPlate 29, figs. 5, 5a-fCrepicephalus liliana Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p.207, pi. 28, figs. 3, 2><^-c. (Description and illustration of cranidium andpygidium.)Crepicephalus liliana Walcott, i8gi, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey,p. 653, pi. 96, figs. 7, ya-c. (Republishes illustrations of 1886.)A detailed description of the specimen representing this specieswas published in 1886, and nothing has been added to it since. Theillustrations are given in this paper in order that the American speciesreferred to Crepicephalus may be brought together for comparativestudy.Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian: (31a) Limestones ofPioche formation, just above the quartzite on east side of anticline,near Pioche; (30) limestone 8 miles (12.8 km.) north of BennettsSpring, on the west slope of the Highland Range, both in LincolnCounty, Nevada.CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS (Shumard)Plate 29, fig. 7 ; plate 30, figs. 1-4, 4aArionellus (Bathyurus) texanus Shumard, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts,2d ser.. Vol. 32, p. 218. (Description of species.)Crepicephalus texanus Shumard sp. Walcott, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol.Survey, p. 460, pi. 65, fig. 5.Not Crepicephalus texanus Walcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53,pp. 177, 178.Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) Grabau and Shimer, 1910, North Am.Index Fos., Vol. 2, p. 283, fig. 1586. (Reproduces Walcott's figure of1899.)The type specimen of this species is no longer accessible, havingbeen destroyed by fire many years ago. Its locality was given asClear Creek, Burnet County, Texas. The geological map of the
210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Burnet quadrangle, U. S. Geolog-ical Survey, shows that the headwaters of Clear Creek drain an area on its western side where theCap Mountain formation occurs, and it is from this area that thetype specimen undoubtedly came. In the collections made by Dr.Cooper Curtice for the United States Geological Survey there arespecimens of a similar form collected in the Clear Creek drainagearea from Potatotop Hill, the upper portion of which is formed ofthe Cap Mountain formation ; there are also specimens of thecranidium from a locality in the Cap Mountain formation lo milesnorthwest of Potatotop that are identical with those from Potatotop.Dr. Shumard's description of the cranidium and pygidium fromClear Creek corresponds so closely to the specimens from Potatotopthat I do not hesitate to adopt the latter as the representative of thespecies, although Shumard described the flattened frontal bordervariety of the species, and the specimens from Potatotop have therounded and intermediate or semi-flattened border ; other specimensfrom 10 miles northwest, near the Colorado River, show the narrowrounded, intermediate and broad frontal border.The cranidium has a low, broadly conical glabella marked bythree pairs of short lateral furrows ; fixed cheeks narrow, moderatelyelevated; frontal limb slightly convex, arching downward to astrong, rounded transverse furrow (parallel to the front margin)that has three elongate oval transverse pits, one of which is directlyin front of the glabella and one on each side in line with the posteriorlateral angle of the glabella ; frontal border gently convex, nearlyhorizontal, and varying in width so as to be a little wider or narrowerthan the frontal limb ; it varies in width, and may be convex oralmost flat.The palpebral lobes are not preserved, but Dr. Shumard in hisdescription stated that " a line drawn transversely across the middleof the glabella, if extended, would pass nearly through to the centerof the eyes." This corresponds to the specimens from both Texasand Alabama.The associated pygidium is described as follows : " Pygidiumshort and somewhat massive, sub-elliptical, axis approaching semi-cylindrical, elevated above the lateral lobes, as wide as one laterallobe, and occupying about two-thirds the length of the pygidium
;
rings four, separated by deep furrows ; posterior margin gentlyarched in the middle and armed on either side with a long, curved,diverging spine (about eight lines long) ; lateral lobes gently convex,segments indistinct." ^
^ American Jour. Sci., 2d ser.. Vol. 32, 1861, p. 219.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 211The pygidia from Potatotop and Bartlett Hollow correspond tothe above description very closely, and also to the pygidia of theCrepicephalus that I have identified as C. tcxanus from the UpperCambrian of Montana.By comparing the specimens that are of similar size from theCap Mountain limestone of Texas and the Conasauga shales ofCoosa River, Alabama, they appear to be identical. In both, theglabella is broadly conical with frontal limb of medium width andseparated from the frontal rim by a strong rounded furrow markedby three slightly transverse pits. In both, the outer surface of theglabella is nearly smooth or marked by low, scattered tubercles,while the fixed cheeks, frontal limb and rim are marked by ratherstrong granulations or tubercles. There is also a slight node nearthe center of the well-defined occipital ring ; at each locality we findthe long and shorter glabella, narrow rounded, intermediate andwide flattened frontal rim. As the cranidia increase in size, thefrontal rim broadens so as to be proportionately wider than thefrontal limb.The following is a description based upon the Alabama speci-mens : General form of dorsal shield broadly oval ; axial lobe con-vex, about half as wide as the pleural lobe. Cephalon broad, trans-versely semicircular, with a well-defined border that varies in widthfrom narrow in young subjects to quite broad in the older individuals.Cranidium with strong, broadly conical glabella that is marked bythree pairs of short lateral furrows ; occipital ring of medium widthand marked at its center by a small sharp-pointed node ; occipitalfurrow broad, rounded, and narrowing at each end ; dorsal furrowabout the glabella deeply impressed. Fixed cheeks relatively narrowand generally convex ; palpebral lobes rather large and nearly equalto one-third the length of the cranidium on the line of the facialsuture ; the narrow fixed cheeks merge into the relatively strongfrontal limb, which is slightly convex and sloping downward to awell-defined transverse furrow, which is marked by three more orless strong, slightly transverse pits, the center one of which is onthe line of the axis of the glabella and the lateral ones are on a Huewith the sides of the glabella near its posterior margin ; frontalborder varying from a narrow, slightly convex border in youngspecimens to a broad flattened border in the older and larger indi-viduals ; postero-lateral limbs long, rather narrow, and marked by awell-defined intramarginal furrow. The free cheeks terminate atthe genal angles in rather strong, backward-extending spines.
212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Thorax with 12 segments, axial lobes convex, relatively narrow;pleural lobes broad, flattened for about one-half their width fromthe axis, then arching gently downward and backward to theirpointed ends ; pleural furrows nearly as wide as the segment forabout one-third of its length, where they narrow and disappearsome distance within the falcate termination of the segment.Pygidium small, strong, convex; axial lobe broad, convex, andabout three-fourths the length of the pygidium; it is divided bynarrow, deep transverse furrows into three segments and a terminalsection ; pleural lobes rising abruptly from the margin and curvinggently to the dorsal furrow about the axial lobe; pleural furrowsshallow and curving backward towards the base of the lateral spinethat originates on each side opposite the posterior half of the axiallobe and within the outer margin ; these spines have a strong basethat merges into the side of the pleural lobes in such a manner as togive the impression that they were formed by the continuationoutward and backward of three of the anchylosed segments of thepygidium. The strength and curvature of the spines vary somewhat,but as a rule they are much like those of figures i, 10, plate 30.Surface of test finely punctate with strong scattered granulationsover free and fixed cheeks, frontal limb and border, and raisedportions of thoracic segments and pygidium ; on the glabella a fewrather large, low tubercles are scattered over the surface. Somespecimens have a rather fine, even granulation over the glabellaand other parts of the cephalon.Measurements.—This is one of the largest trilobites known to mefrom the Cambrian above the " Olenellus " zone and below theDikelocephalus zone with the exception of Paradoxides of the Atlan-tic Coast province. Fragments of the cephalon and thorax indicatea length of 21 cm. exclusive of the long spines of the pygidium. Theproportions of an entire dorsal shield are shown by figure i, plate 30.Observations.—-I have hesitated to identify the Alabama form withthat from Texas, owing to the large size the latter attains, but withspecimens of the cranidium of the same size the similarity is so greatthat there does not appear to be sufficient reason to distinguish themas distinct species. The greater proportional broadening of thefrontal border of the cranidium with increase in size of the cephalongives ah appearance to the large cephala that is of specific importanceunless the broadening with growth is considered. There is alsowidening of the base of the glabella in the Texas forms that is seldomseen in those from Alabama, but this is not persistent; the more
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES , 213elongate glabella of the Alabama specimens is similar to that of thevariety elongatiis of Wisconsin.The identification of the species at the two localities is strength-ened by the occurrence in both areas of similar variations in theform of the glabella, frontal limb, furrow, and border of thecranidium.The stratigraphic position of the Texas and Alabama specimensis the same to the extent that both occur in the lower part of theUpper Cambrian.In the Cordilleran region an apparently identical cranidium andpygidium occur in the Upper Cambrian (358c) Abrigo limestone ofthe Bisbee mining district, Cochise County, Arizona. The cranidiaare typical forms with intermediate and broad frontal border. Anapparently identical cranidium and pygidium occur in the (i5ig)Gallatin limestone of northern Wyoming (fig. 4, pi. 30). Thecranidium has the wide glabella, variable frontal border, and coarselygranular surface of C. texanus (compare fig. 4 with figs. 2 and 2h,pi. 30). A somewhat similar form with a wide flattened frontalborder occurs in the Gallatin limestone of Meagher County, Mon-tana, that is identified with the variety elongatiis of the Eau Claireformation of Wisconsin (pi. 29, fig. 4).The critical study of this species with new material results inremoving the form described by Whitfield as Arionellus tripunctatusfrom C. texanus, to which I referred it in 1899,* ^^^^ referring it toCrepicephalus as a distinct species characterized by an occipitalspine and narrower glabella.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (67a) Cap Mountainformation (upper beds) ; limestone on Potatotop Hill, 6 miles (9.6km.) northwest of Burnet; also (i4d) Bartlett Hollow, 2 miles(3.2 km.) southeast of mouth of Fall Creek, 17 miles (27.2 km.)northwest of Burnet, both in Burnet County, Texas.Upper Cambrian: (358c) Abrigo limestone; north side MooreCanyon, west edge Bisbee quadrangle, Bisbee district, Arizona.Upper Cambrian: (151b) Gallatin limestone; below saddle onridge between Pebble Creek and Soda Butte Creek, YellowstoneNational Park, Wyoming.Upper Cambrian: (i5ii) Gallatin limestone; 6 miles (9.6 km.)northeast of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana.Upper Cambrian: (90a and 91) Conasauga formation; CedarBluff on Coosa River, Cherokee County, Alabama. Entire speci-Monogr. No. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 460.
214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64mens occur in both argillaceous shale and shaly dark bluish-greylimestone.Upper Cambrian: (i6a, 89) Conasaug'a formation; shaly lime-stone interbedded in argillaceous shales, Murphrees Valley, BlountCounty; and (139a) near Chepultepec, Jefiferson County, both inAlabama. CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS DANACE, new varietyPlate 29, figs. 3, 3aThis variety is represented by a single cranidium. It differs fromC. texanus by having the glabella less convex, a trifle more elongateproportionally, and more transverse at the anterior end ; and thefrontal border is more rounded. Surface granulated as in C.texanus.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (79d) Eau Claireformation; upper beds of sandstone on Mount Washington, nearEau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin.CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS ELONGATUS, new varietyPlate 29, figs. 4, 4aOf this species the cranidium only is known. It is characterizedby a proportionally longer glabella and narrower fixed cheeks, witha broad flattened frontal border. The transverse frontal furrow isalso less deeply impressed than in typical specimens of C. texanus.The surface of the test in both the Wisconsin and Montana speci-mens has coarse tubercles scattered irregularly on the glabella, fixedcheeks, and frontal limb.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (796) Eau Claireformation; i mile (1.6 km.) north of Eleva, Trempealeau County,Wisconsin.Upper Cambrian: (151!) Gallatin limestone; north side of SmithRiver; 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) below mouth of Fourmile Creek, and6 miles (9.6 km.) northeast of White Sulphur Springs, MeagherCounty, Montana.CREPICEPHALUS THOOSA, new speciesPlate 31, figs. I, la-kThis species is based on cranidia and associated free cheeks andpygidia. It is of the C. texanus type, and differs from it in its moreelongate, conical glabella, short frontal limb, and more thickly-setsurface granules that occur on the cranidium, free cheeks, thoracic
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 21 5
seg^ments, and pygidium. The associated pygidium is much likethat of C. tripunctatiis magnispinus.With the exception of the great occipital spine, C. thoosa is closelyrelated to C. tripunctatiis magnispinus. The pygidium referred tothe latter is proportionally narrower, but the i:)ostero-lateral spinesare similar.This species occurs in the upi)er part of the Conasauga shales innortheastern Alabama, the Maryville limestone of eastern Tennessee,and the Honaker limestone of western Virginia.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (125a) Maryvillelimestone ; north side of Big Creek below Harlans mill, 4 miles(6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville; (125) about 50 feet below 125a;(123b) upper beds of Maryville limestone, 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) eastof Rogersville railway depot on left of railway, in wagon road,Hawkins County; (107) Bull Run Ridge, northwest of CopperRidge, II miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville ; (126a) eastside of Gap Creek section, 10 miles ( 16 km.) east of Knoxville, KnoxCounty; (119) beneath Nolichucky shale on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles(2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County; (120) northof Bays Mountain on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles (28.8km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; (ii8a) Bird Bridge road, 1.5miles (2.4 km.) south, and (117c) 5 miles (8 km.) southeast ofGreeneville, Greene County, all above in Maryville limestone ofTennessee.Also (119a) Honaker (:= Maryville) limestone, 3 miles (4.8 km.)east of Greendale, Washington County, Virginia.Also (145a) Conasauga shale; upper part of shale beneath Knoxdolomite; i mile (1.6 km.) east of Gaylesville ; also (91) CedarBluff, both in Cherokee County ; and (3586) Conasauga shale, oppo-site car barn, city of Birmingham, Jefferson County, all in Alabama.And (358f) Conasauga formation; limestone in shales, west ofRed Clay, Whitfield County, Georgia.CREPICEPHALUS TRIPUNCTATUS (Whitfield)Plate 33, figs. I, la-bArionellus tripunctatus Whitfield, 1876, Rept. Reconnaissance from Car-roll, Montana Terr., on the Upper Missouri, to the Yellowstone NationalPark (Ludlow), p. 141, pi. i, figs. 3-5. (Original description andillustrations.)Not Crepicephalus tcxanus (Shumard) Walcott, 1899, Monogr. No. 32, U. S.Geol. Survey, p. 460. (Refers Arionellus tripunctatus Whitfield toC. texanus (Shumard).)
2l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64The type of this species is a cranidium with the occipital spinebroken off. Whitfield also had two associated free cheeks forstudy. In 1898 I collected from about the same horizon in theGallatin limestone a number of fine cranidia, also fragments of anassociated pygidium. This material shows a strong resemblancebetween the cranidia of C. tripunctatus and C. texanus, the differencebeing in the thickened occipital ring and occipital spine of C. tri-punctatus. The outer surface of the latter species is also morethickly covered with smaller granulations. The test appears to befinely punctate.The variation in the width of the frontal border of the two speciesis similar, the smaller species having a proportionally narrowerborder than the large ones.The closely related C. tripunctatus magnispimis differs from thisspecies in having slightly narrower fixed cheeks and a much strongerand larger occipital spine.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (ssSd) Gallatin lime-stone; Moss Agate Springs near Camp Baker, which is 18 miles(28.8 km.) northwest of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County;also (4r) Gallatin limestone on ridge between Luce and Deep Creeks,8 miles (12.8 km.) east of Yellowstone River and 3 miles (4.8 km.)north-northeast of Mount Delano, Park County, both in Montana.CREPICEPHALUS TRIPUNCTATUS MAGNISPINUS, new varietyPlate 33, figs. 2, 2a-cThis fine species is abundant at one locality in eastern Tennessee.It is the representative in the Appalachian area of C. tripunctatusof the Cordilleran area, and differs from that species in its narrowerfixed cheeks and longer and stronger occipital spine. Both formshave the outer surface of the cranidium and free cheeks ratherthickly dotted with irregularly arranged granules or small tubercles
;
the test appears to be finely punctate.The associated pygidia are narrow with a long, strong, nearlystraight spine projecting from the postero-lateral side of each pleurallobe. The axial lobe is broad and divided into three rings and aterminal section by strong backward-curving furrows.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (107) Maryville lime-stone; Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 217CREPICEPHALUS TUMIDUS, new speciesPlate 31, fig. 2This species is represented by cranidia. It differs from the cra-nidia of the most nearly related species, C. texanus and C. thoosa,by greater convexity of glabella and more strongly tuberculatedsurface. Test apparently punctate. The largest cranidium has alength of 25 mm.It is unfortunate that we have only the cranidia of this fine species,but as they are closely allied to the cranidia of C. texanus, it is highlyprobable that the entire dorsal shield of the two forms was essen-tially similar.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (120) Maryvillelimestone ; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County,18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville, Tennessee.CREPICEPHALUS UNCA, new speciesPlate 35, figs. I, la-eThe pygidium of this species is not unlike that of C dis (pi. 32,fig. i) from the House Range of Utah. It differs in having the twoposterior spines of the pygidium near together and in their broaderbase where joining the flattened border.The associated cranidium is similar in outline to that of C. dis,but differs in having proportionally broader fixed cheeks.The largest pygidium has a length of 12 mm. exclusive of thespines.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (yge) Eau Claireformation; Willow River Falls, near Hudson; (79) Hudson, St.Croix County, Wisconsin.CREPICEPHALUS UNZIA, new speciesPlate 34, figs. 7, 7aThis species, like C. unca, is related to C. dis (pi. 32, fig. ib) andC. augiista (pi. 29, fig. 6h) by the form of the pygidium, but thebackward-extending spines are not attachments to the border, asthe furrows indicating the anchylosed segments extend back ontothe base of the spines as shown by figure ya. The cranidium is quiteunlike that of C. dis. It has a concave frontal rim and border thatgive it a very distinct appearance.Surface slightly pitted and test apparently punctate. The largestcranidium has a length of 7.5 mm.
2l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Forfnation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (150b) Gallatin lime-stone ; thin-bedded limestone in divide at White Creek and IndianCreek Pass, above Red Bluffs or Chinese Wall, Lewis and ClarkNational Forest, Montana.CREPICEPHALUS UPIS, new speciesPlate 33, figs. 4, 4a-dThe cranidium and pygidium of C itpis recall those of C. liliana(pi. 29, figs. 5, 5a), and the outer surface is granulated in bothspecies, but not in the same manner. The surface of C. liliana hasrather large pustules scattered over it, while those of C. upis are morenumerous and smaller. The pygidium is not unlike that of C. coo-sensis (pi. 32, figs, ^b, 3^). The surface of the test between thegranulations is slightly pitted and the test is apparently punctate.The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 14 mm.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (150b) Gallatin lime-stone; thin-bedded limestone in divide at White Creek and IndianCreek Pass, above Red Bluffs or Chinese Wall, Lewis and ClarkNational Forest, Montana.CREPICEPHALUS, species undetermined (i)Plate 32, figs. 4, 4aAn undescribed species of Crepicephalits of the C. iozvensis groupis represented by a form of pygidium that is closely allied to that ofC. iowensis. It differs in having the postero-lateral spines extendingdiagonally outward instead of directly backward, and in being pro-portionally wider.A specimen from the shaly limestone of the Conasauga formationhas a length of 16 mm. and a width of 3 cm. at the anterior margin.A smaller specimen is illustrated (pi. 32, fig. 4).Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian : (107) Maryville lime-stone; Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County; (119) beneath Noli-chucky shale on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morris-town, Hamblen County, both in Tennessee.Also from (91) Conasauga formation; Cedar Bluff on CoosaRiver, Cherokee County ; and (16) limestones in Conasauga (Coosa)shales, Murphrees Valley, Blount County, both in Alabama.CREPICEPHALUS, species undetermined (2)A second unidentified species of Crepicephalits is indicated bypygidia of the C. iowensis type from the Upper Cambrian. These
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 219pygidia differ from those referred to C. camiro (pi. 32, fig. 2a),being more transverse in outline and having three rings in the axiallobe.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (124a) Nolichuckyshale; on Big Creek, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogers, Haw-kins Comity, Tennessee ; also (124b) Nolichucky shale : near Good-wins Ferry, Giles County, Virginia.AMPHION ? MATUTINA HallPlate 26, fig. 8Amphion ? matutiiia Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. State Cab. Nat.Hist., p. 222, pi. 5A, fig. 6. (Original description and illustration.)Amphion ? matutina Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst, Vol. 5, p. 194 (Areprint of the paper of 1863.)This species is illustrated, as the specimen in the collection showsthat there was an occipital spine, also small palpebral lobes oppositethe center of the glabella. The species appears to belong to anundetermined genus, but at present I do not wish to base a newgenus on the broken cranidium.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (84) Eau Claireformation ; Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota.The specimen described by James Hall came from the lower bedsnear Trempealeau, Wisconsin, which also contains Crepicephalusiou'cnsis, a form found with A. ? matutina at Dresbach.Genus WANNERIA WalcottWanncria Walcott, 1910, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 296-298.WANNERIA WALCOTTANA (Wanner)Plate 38, figs. I, 2Olenellus (Holmia) walcottanus Wanner, 1901, Proc. Washington Acad.Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 267-269, pi. 31, figs. I, 2; pi. 32, figs. 1-4. (Describedand discussed as a new species.)Wanneria walcottanus Walcott, 1910, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp.302-304, pi. 30, figs. 1-12; pi. 31, figs. 12, 13. (Changes generic refer-ence. Comments upon and illustrates species.)Through the courtesy of Mr. Noah Getz and Dr. H. Justin Roddy
.1 had the opportunity of photographing a cephalon of this speciesthat has an unusually well-preserved surface. The cephalon has alength of 9.5 cm. and a width at base of 15.5 cm. The reticulatedsurface is essentially of the same character as that on a thoracicsegment and hypostoma of this species from near York, Pennsyl-
220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
vania/ It is also of the same type as the surface of Olcnellus reticu-latus Peach ^ from Scotland.Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian: (i2x) Argillaceousshaly beds i mile (1.6 km.) north of Rohrerstown, Lancaster County,Pennsylvania. Family Oryctocephalid.5i BeecherVANUXEMELLA, new genusDorsal shield small, subelliptical, moderately convex, and withstrongly marked axial lobe. Cephalon semicircular in outline
;
glabella large, slightly expanding in front and slightly narrowedopposite the palpebral lobes ; it terminates anteriorly on the frontalmargin, and posteriorly is separated from the narrow occipitalsegment by a strong transverse furrow ; two pairs of faint pitsindicate the position of glabella furrows; fixed cheeks about one-half the width of glabella and with a narrow palpebral lobe aboutone-fourth to one-third the length of the cephalon and placed atabout the transverse center of the cephalon. The facial sutures cutthe posterior margin of the cephalon on a line with the outer marginof the palpebral lobes and bend inward slightly to the base of thepalpebral lobes, about which they curve, and then curve slightlyinward toward the margin near the glabella. Free cheeks of mediumwidth with posterior margin bent forward at the intergenal angle tomeet the base of the genal spine. The palpebral ridges cross thefixed cheeks to the dorsal furrows beside the glabella.Thorax with four or five segments ; pleurae with strong longi-tudinal furrow and short, falcate ends.Pygidium with strong axial lobe terminating just within the marginand crossed by five or six furrows which continue laterally on thepleural lobes and outline three or four segments that have a short,falcate end beyond the line of the border of the pygidium ; on eachside of the center of the posterior margin, at about the ends of thecentral third, a small, strong spine extends directly backward, andtwo very short spines occur between them, one on each side of thecenter of the posterior margin of the pygidium.Surface slightly roughened and apparently minutely punctate.Genotype.—Vanuxemella contracta Walcott. Second species,Vanuxemella nortia, new species.Stratigraphic range.—Upper beds of Lower Cambrian.Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 6, 1910, pi. 31, figs. 12 and 13.Idem, pi. 39, figs. 10, II.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 221Geographic distribution.—Vanuxemella contracta occurs (locali-ties 4V, 5J) in the Lewis and Clark Forest Reserve of northernMontana, and Vanuxemella nortia at about the same stratigraphichorizon, judging from the associated fauna, on the south slope ofMount Bosworth (locality 35c), British Columbia, Canada.Observations.—This genus is represented by two species from theupper part of the Lower Cambrian. It is a simple form that hassome features suggesting Albertella.^ It differs in absence of glabel-lar furrows, shorter eye lobes, absence of prolonged third segmentof thorax, and in having four instead of seven thoracic segments.The long spines of the pygidium spring from about the fifth segment,while in Albertella they appear to be the extension of the first orsecond anterior segment.Vanuxemella also has an interesting feature in the union in thepygidium of three otherwise true thoracic segments. If these threeanterior segments were free, the resemblance to Albertella would bemuch stronger. The genus may be characterized as an undevelopedform of the latter genus.The cephalon of Karlia stephenensis Walcott'' has an expandingglabella, but it also has quite a different glabella and fixed cheeks,and it has seven segments and a minute pygidium.The generic name is given in memory of Lardner Vanuxem, thegeologist who surveyed the " Third District of the State of NewYork." VANUXEMELLA CONTRACTA, new speciesPlate 36, figs. 4, 4aThe description and observations under the genus and the illus-trations give all that is known of the species. There are five entirespecimens and a few cranidia.Dimensions.—A dorsal shield 12 mm. in length has the followingdimensions
:
Cephalon. mm.Length 6Width at posterior margin 9Width of base of glabella 8
'' Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, pis. i and 2.'Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, Vol. 11, 1889, p. 445- See plate 2,6, fig. 8, ofthis paper.
222 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Thorax.Length 3-5Width of first segment 8Width of axial lobe 3Pygidium.Length 5Width of axial lobe 2.5Observations.—The associated fauna at localities 4V and 5Jincludes
:
Micromitra (Iphidclla) pannula (White).Obolus (IVestonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield).Acrothele colleni Walcott.Acrothele panderi Walcott.Wimanella simplex- Walcott.Ptychoparia sp.Olenopsis americanus Walcott.Albertella helena Walcott.Bathyuriscus ? sp.Vanuxemella contracta Walcott.This fauna is of the same type as that found with Vanuxemellanortia in Canada (see p. 223).Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian: (4V) About 200 feet(61 m.) above the unconformable base of the Cambrian and 75 feet(22.9 m.) above the top of the quartzitic sandstones, in a shale whichcorresponds in stratigraphic position to shale No. 6 of the DearbornRiver section, Gordon Creek, 6 miles (9.6 km.) from South Fork ofFlathead River, Ovando quadrangle (U. S. G. S.) ; and (5J) abovethe quartzitic sandstones, in a shale corresponding to the same posi-tion, about 6 miles (9.6 km.) west-northwest of Scapegoat Mountain,on the Continental Divide between Bar Creek and the headwaters ofthe south fork of North Fork of Sun River, Coopers Lake quad-rangle (U. S. G. S.), both in Powell County, Montana.VANUXEMELLA NORTIA, new speciesPlate 36, fig. 5This species dififers from J^annxemella contracta in having agreater expansion of the glabella towards the frontal margin ; longerpalpebral lobes ; five instead of four thoracic segments, and smallerposterior spines on the pygidium.The fauna associated with this species includes at locality 35cthe following
:
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 223Micromitra (Patcrina) wapta Walcott.Obolus parvus Walcott.Acrothele colleni Walcott.Wimanella simplex Walcott.Hyolithellus.Hyolithes.Alhertella bosworthi Walcott.Albertdla helena Walcott.Bathyuriscus.Agraulos stator Walcott.Ptychoparia.Formation and locality.—^Lower Cambrian: (35c) Drift blocks ofsiliceous shale supposed to have come from the Mount Whyte forma-tion, found on the south slope of Mount Bosworth, about 500 feet(152 m.) northwest of the Canadian Pacific Railway track betweenStephen and Hector, eastern British Columbia, Canada.Genus KARLIA WalcottKarlia Walcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 444. (Describedas below.)Form elongate-oval, convex. Head longitudinally semicircular,deeply marked by the dorsal furrows. Glabella clavate, broadlyexpanded in front, with or without faint glabellar furrows. Occipi-tal furrow well defined. Fixed cheeks subtriangular ; posteriorfurrow broad : eye lobe small ; free cheeks narrow. Hypostomawith a thick, rounded anterior margin that is produced into the largelateral wings, the sides of which extend one-half way back on theoval, convex body; posterior marginal rim strong and separatedfrom the body by a well-defined sulcus.Thorax with seven segments ; axis with a central spine on eachsegment ; pleural lobes with a broad groove ; anterior lateral endsof pleurae faceted.Pygidium short, transverse, four to five segments in the axis,lateral lobes slightly grooved.Surface granulose.Genotype.—Karlia minor Walcott.Stratigraphic range.—^Middle Cambrian.Geographic distribution.—Eastern Newfoundland ; CanadianRocky Mountains, British Columbia, Canada.Observations.—The compact, strong dorsal shield of Karlia atonce recalls that, of Bathyuriscus. It dififers from the latter in itssmall eye lobes, and seven instead of 10 or 11 thoracic segments.Two species only have thus far been referred to the genus.
224 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64KA.RLIA MINOR WalcottPlate 36, figs. 7, "ja-cKarlia minor Walcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 445,(Described as below.)Form elongate-oval, convex. Average size, 7 mm. in length by3 mm. in breadth. Head longitudinally semicircular, convex ; frontalrim a narrow margin which passes into a stronger rim on the sides.Glabella clavate, expanding from the base to twice the width in front,marked by four pairs of short, faint glabellar furrows; occipitalfurrow deep ; occipital ring strong and with a sharp, slight node atthe center. The broad, deep dorsal furrows unite with the posteriorfurrows to separate the strongly convex subtriangular fixed cheeks
;
eye lobe short, narrow, and defined by a well-marked groove fromthe cheek ; the groove extends forward to the dorsal furrow. Freecheeks narrow; marginal rim round and strong; posterior anglepointed, but not known to be extended into a spine.Thorax with seven segments ; median lobe convex and with a veryshort node or spine at the center of each segment ; pleural lobesflat to the geniculation of the pleurae, where the outer half of thesegments is bent obliquely downward and slightly backward ; pleuralgroove the full width of the segment to the geniculation, where itabruptly tapers to a point by the cutting in of the facet on theanterior side of the segment.Pygidium of medium size, transversely semicircular ; axis convexand crossed by three or four rings and the terminal lobe ; the ringsare extended out on the lateral lobes as broad, low ridges trendingobliquely backward to the rounded margin.Surface of the head granulated; thorax and pygidium apparentlysmooth.All the specimens seen are small, none exceeding 10 mm. in length.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (i) Manuels forma-tion; Manuels Brook, Conception Bay, Newfoundland.KARLIA STEPHENENSIS WalcottPlate 36, fig. 8Menocephalus salteri ? Rominger, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia,Pt. I, p. 16, pi. I, fig. 6. (Described and figured.)Karlia stcphenensis Walcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 445.(Described as below.)Karlia stcphenensis Walcott, 1908, Canadian Alpine Jour., Vol. i, No. 2,pi. 3, fig. 4. (Specimen figured.)
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 225This species differs from the K. minor in its greater size, 40 mm.in length by 30 mm. in breadth ; the fixed cheeks are wider and thegrooves on the pleurae are narrower. In one of the large specimensthe surface of the glabella is covered with fine, irregular elevatedstriae.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian : (14s) Stephen forma-tion ; about 2,300 feet (701 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, on thenorthwest slope of Mount Stephen, above Field, on the CanadianPacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada.HANBURIA, new genusGeneral outline of dorsal shield a broad oval; convex; axial andpleural lobes clearly defined.Cephalon transverse, semicircular when not distorted; genalangles rounded on the postero-lateral limbs ; marginal border narrowand wire-like on the outer margins; posterior border broader andflatter and well defined by a narrow furrow that curves forward atthe genal angles to unite with the narrow furrow within the outerborder. Glabella large, increasing in width by gradual divergenceof the sides to the broadly rounded transverse frontal margin ; threeshort raised lobes, one outlined on each side by furrows or depres-sions that join a longitudinal depressed area extending along themedian line; dorsal furrow beside the glabella indistinctly defined;occipital ring narrow, transverse, and a little raised above the slightoccipital furrow ; frontal limb wider than the border in advance ofthe glabella. Fixed cheeks broad, slightly convex, and with roundedgenal angles. Free cheek, if present, narrow, elongate, narrowingto a point where it joins the border posteriorly and anteriorly infront of the antero-lateral angle of the glabella. Supposed eye lobeindistinct and it may not be present ; it appears to be situated oppo-site the anterior fourth of the glabella, but it may be only a slightflexure of the thin test.The facial sutures are very uncertain, and it is doubtful if theyare present at all.Thorax with seven sharply defined narrow segments. Axial lobeabout two-thirds the width of the palpebral lobes and clearly outlinedby the dorsal furrows ; pleural lobes flattened ; each pleural segmentterminates in a blunt rounded end; it has a broad rounded furrowthat occupies nearly all its surface for about three-fifths of its lengthand then narrows to a point just inside the outer end of the segment
;
a slightly faceted surface extends along the outer anterior edge ofthe segment, and the back edge is rounded.
226 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64Pygidium large ; axial lobe distinct and narrowing from thefront margin to within a short distance of the posterior margin ; it isdivided into six rings and a short terminal section by narrow trans-verse furrows ; on the broad pleural lobes seven anchylosed pleuralsegments similar in appearance to those of the thorax extend fromthe axial lobe across to the outer rim.Surface apparently finely and minutely granular or pustulose.Dimensions.—The largest dorsal shield has a length of 24 mm.Genotype.—Hanburia gloriosa Walcott.Stratigraphic range.—Middle Cambrian : Burgess shale memberof Stephen formation.Geographic distribution.—Limited to fossil bed on ridge betweenMounts Wapta and Field, west of the Continental Divide, BritishColumbia, Canada.Observations.—The existence of free cheeks and facial sutures isproblematical, owing to the compression of the thin test along theedge of the cephalon. They seem to be indicated and to form apart of the margin opposite the anterior third of the glabella. Thereis also a slight line that may be traced diagonally backward acrossthe inner portion of the fixed cheek from about opposite the anterioredge of the middle lobe or tubercle of the glabella. This is sugges-tive of the false " eye line " of Conocoryphe. As I expect to workthe Burgess Pass fossil quarry another season, it may be that a moreperfect cephalon will be found of this species. The large pygidiumand few thoracic segments suggest the order Opisthoparia andfamily Asaphidse rather than the order Proparia.HANBURIA GLORIOSA, new speciesPlate 36, figs. 3, 4The generic description includes what is known of this species.Three specimens have been found during the five seasons' collectingat the fossil quarry. These are all compressed in the fine shale, and,like Bnrlingia hcctori^ from the same general horizon on MountStephen, had a very delicate test.Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian: (35k) Burgess shalemember of the Stephen formation, on the west slope of the ridgebetween Mount Field and Mount Wapta, i mile (1.6 km.) northeastof Burgess Pass, above Field, British Columbia, Canada.Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 15. pi. i. fig. 8.
NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 227Genus TSINANIA WalcottTsinania Walcott, 1914, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, p. 43. (Genusdescribed.)Genotype.—Ilhcniirus caucus (Walcott) [Cambrian Faunas ofChina, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Pub. No. 54, 1913, p. 222,pi. 23, fig. 3]. TSINANIA CLEORA WalcottPlate 36, figs. 9, ga-cTsinania cleora Walcott, 1914, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, p. 43.(Name mentioned in text.)The cranidium of T. cleora is much like that of T. canens. Itdiffers in being longer in proportion to the width. The associatedfree cheek (fig. ga) is large, broad, and gently convex to the outermargin. An associated thoracic segment has the pleural lobe with avery faint longitudinal furrow. The associated pygidium is trans-verse, about twice as wide as long, and marked by a low axial lobethat becomes very inconspicuous toward the posterior margin of thepygidum. Only a slight trace of transverse furrows can be detectedon the matrix of the axial lobe. The pleural lobes are about twiceas broad as the axial lobe. The test is thick and apparently smoothon its outer surface.The largest cranidium has a length of 14 mm. An associatedpygidium has the same length with a width of 28 mm.The pygidium of T. cleora is proportionally shorter than that ofTsinania canens,"^ but the general character is the same in the twospecies and quite unlike the pygidium of Illccnuriis quadratus?Numerous specimens of the cranidium and pygidium are associ-ated, and the only other trilobitic remains are those of small speciesof Agraulos and Solenopleura-Vike forms. The associated brachio-pods are Schizambon typicalis Walcott ? and Eoorthis desmopleura(Meek).This species is referred to the Upper Cambrian, but it may belongto a lower Ozarkian fauna that has not yet been well determined andprobably will not be until the various faunal horizons of the lowerPogonip limestones have been studied in the field.Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (30W) Notch Peakformation; drift bowlder of limestone supposed to have come from
* Cambrian Faunas of China, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Pub. No. 54,1913, p. 222, pi. 23, fig. 3.
- i6th Ann. Kept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pi. 7, fig. 56.
228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64the beds forming la of the Notch Peak limestone on Notch Peak,found 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Mil-lard County, Utah.TSINANIA ELONGATA, new speciesPlate 36, figs. 10, loaThis species is founded on a small pygidium that is longer inproportion to its width than described species. It has a length of4 mm. and a width of 2.5 mm. in front of the small palpebral lobes.The postero-lateral limbs are relatively large and a posterior occipitalring is very faintly defined. The longitudinal outline of the cra-nidium is nearly flat from its posterior margin to the anterior line ofthe palpebral lobes, where its gentle curve increases so as to bringthe anterior margin far below the level of the palpebral lobes.This is a small species allied to Tsinania canens ^ from easternChina. It is associated with Dikelocephalus ? dalyi Walcott," and issupposed to be of Upper Cambrian age. Several undescribed speciesthat occur in Upper Cambrian formations of the Appalachian regionof southeastern North America are closely related to this species.The only associated species is Dikelocephalus dalyi Walcott.'Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian: (3466) Limestonenodules in calcareous shales in rock cut on Canadian Pacific Railway,54.5 miles (87.2 km.) west of Field, and 2 miles (3.2 km.) west ofDonald Station, British Columbia, Canada. (R. A. Daly, 1912.)Type specimen in Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Canada.CONASAUGA FORMATIONIn the Coosa Valley and adjoining areas the shales and interbeddedlimestones referred to the Conasauga formation include both Upperand Middle Cambrian species. It is quite probable that a detailedstudy of the formation will result in the separation of the dark shaleswith the so-called " cobble " beds, and containing a Middle Cambrianfauna, from the lighter colored shales and interbedded limestones.When this is done the term Conasauga will be restricted to the UpperCambrian, and the Middle Cambrian beds will be given a formationname.
^ Research in China, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, 1913,p. 222, pi. 23, fig. 3.
" Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1914, p. 367, pi. 64, figs, i, la, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5.
' Idem, p. 366.

230 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 24 PAGEAcrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin) 181Figs, i, la. (X3-) Reproduction of photograph of the type specimenof the cranidium.i^- (X3-) Matrix of free cheek assigned to the cranidium.The specimens illustrated are from the (30911) Agnostus Iccvi-gatus zone of the Middle Cambrian limestone at Gudhem, Skara-borg (Vestergotland), Sweden. Type in Geol. Min. Inst., Lund,Sweden. Plastotype, V. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos.61555 and 61556.Acrocephalites americanus Walcott 177Fig. 2. (X2.5.) Dorsal view of a nearly entire cranidium, with theoutline of the missing parts restored from other specimens.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61557.2a. (X3-) A cranidium varying in details from fig. 2. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61558.2b. (X8.) Surface of the cranidium of fig. 2 on left side offixed cheek in front of ocular ridge.3- (Xi-5.) An imperfect dorsal shield with 29 thoracic seg-ments. This is the only specimen known to me thatindicates the appearance of the thorax. (Locality gox.)U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61559.^a. (X4.) Cranidium and portion of thorax of a specimen fromthe shale in which the siliceous nodule specimens repre-sented by figs. 2, 2a-c, and 3 were embedded. (Locality112.) U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61560.3b. (X 5J Side view of a free cheek associated with this species.(Locality i6d.) U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.61 561.The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b are from the siliceousnodules of locality 89X. These occur in the Conasauga shales ofthe Middle Cambrian, Coosa Valley, Livingston, Floyd County,Georgia.Figs. 3, 3a-b are of specimens from the shale in which the nodulesoccur, (gox, 112, and i6d) Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Ala-bama.Acrocephalites haynesi Walcott 179Figs. 4, 40. (X 3-) Dorsal view and side outline of a small cranidiumon which the tubercle in front of the glabella is onlyslightly developed.4^- (X3-) Dorsal view of two cranidia illustrating variation infrontal tubercle.The specimens illustrated by figs. 4, 4a, and 4b are from the UpperCambrian, Meagher limestone on Pole Creek, Montana. The typespecimen is at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,Massachusetts.Plastotypes, U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61562, 61563.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 94, NO. 3,
ACROCEPHALITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 23IPAGEAcrocephalites multisegmentus Walcott 180Fig. 5. (X4-) Dorsal view of cranidium with short occipital spinebroken off. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61564.Sa. (X4.) Dorsal view of a nearly entire dorsal shield. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61565.The specimens illustrated by figs. 5 and 5a are from localitiesson, 30 o, the Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; 2 miles (3.2km.) south of Marjum Pass, Millard County, Utah.Acrocephalites tutus Walcott 181Fig. 6. (X3-) Cranidia and free cheeks as they occur on surface ofshale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 6x566.6a. (X4-) Enlargement of the anterior part of a cranidium toillustrate frontal limb and rim, and granulated surface.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61567.The specimens illustrated are from locality 141, Middle Cam-brian : the Conasauga shale near Cave Spring, Floyd County,Georgia.
232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 25 PAGEAcrocephalites insignis Walcott 179•Fig. I. (X4-) Cranidium with strong palpebral lobes, and ridgescrossing fixed cheeks. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61568.la. (X 4-) Nearly entire dorsal shield crushed in the shale. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61569.lb. (X4-) A cranidium and part of thorax. Free cheek and out-line of eye preserved. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61570.The specimens represented by figs, i, Ja-b are from locality112, Middle Cambrian: Conasauga shale; east of Center, CherokeeCounty, Alabama.Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield) 187Fig. 2. (X4-) Cranidium of the type specimen of the species. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 15442.The type specimen and cotypes are from a limestone of LowerCambrian age, (31c, 54 o) Ute Peak, Wasatch Range, Cache County,Utah.Alokistocare althea Walcott 184Fig. 3. (X3-) Cast of cranidium in fine-grained sandstone. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61571.30. (X2.) Matrix of a cranidium in fine-grained sandstone.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61572.The specimens illustrated are from locality 74, Middle Cam-brian : Tapeats sandstone ; at head of Nunkoweap Valley, GrandCanyon of the Colorado River, Arizona.4. (X2.) Cephalon and portion of thorax. U. S. National Mu-seum, Catalogue No. 61573.4a. (X2.) Entire dorsal shield with exception of free cheeks.Both 4 and 4a are compressed in fine arenaceous shale. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61574.The specimens represented by figs. 4 and 4a are from the UpperCambrian: (746) Bright Angel shale; Cameron trail. Grand Canyonof the Colorado River, Arizona.Alokistocare ? labrosum Walcott 184Figs. 5, 5'. (X 3-) Dorsal view of the cast of the interior surface of acranidium and outline of profile. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61575.50- (X3-) A small cranidium from which the test has beenexfoliated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61576.The specimens illustrated by figs. 5 and 5a are from the MiddleCambrian: (sf) limestone in Wolsey shale, II miles (17.6 km.jsouth of Neihart, Cascade County, Montana.
HSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS NO. 3, PL. 25
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 233PAGEAlokistocare pomona Walcott 186Fig. 6. (X3-) Entire dorsal shield. Tlie type specimen of the spe-cies compressed in fine shale. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61577.From Middle Cambrian: (isgf) Wolsey shale; Sixteen-mileCanyon, Meagher County, Montana.Alokistocare linnarssoni (Walcott) 185Fig. 7. (X2.) Type specimen of species. Cranidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 2461 1.ya. (X2.) Two cranidia showing variation in width of fixedcheek as compared with fig. 7, also free cheek. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 2461 1.The specimens represented by figs. 7 and ja are from the MiddleCambrian: (58) Shaly limestone in Secret Canyon shale; NewYork and Secret Canyons, Eureka district, Nevada.Alokistocare ? prospectense (Walcott) 186Fig. 8. (X4-) Dorsal view of a somewhat flattened cranidium whichis the type specimen of the species as it occurs in a shalylimestone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15441.The type specimen is from the Middle Cambrian: (52a) Pros-pect Mountain formation; Prospect Mountain, Eureka miningdistrict, Nevada.
234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 26 PAGEAcrocephalites ? niajus Walcott 180Fig. I. (Natural size.) Large cranidium doubtfully referred to thisgenus. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61578.The specimen illustrated is from the Middle Cambrian: (4g)Wolsey shale: i mile (1.6 km.) north of forks of East and WestGallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana.Acrocephalites ? vulcanus (Billings) 182Fig. 2. (X 3-) Cranidium from the type locality of the species. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. IS437-From Lower Cambrian: (25) Shaly sandstone just aboveParkers Quarry, Georgia, Franklin County, Vermont.This is the original of fig. 4, pi. 26, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey,No. 30, 1886.Acrocephalites aoris Walcott 178Fig. 3. (X 2.) Dorsal view and side outline of cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61579.2a. (Natural size.) The same cranidium as that represented byfig. 3-3&. (X I-5.) A broken cranidium showing occipital ring. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61580.The specimens illustrated are from locality loyd, Middle Cam-brian: Conococheague ? limestone; i mile (1.6 km.) north of Henri-etta, Blair County, Pennsylvania.Menomonia calymenoides (Whitfield) 162Figs. 4, 4'. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of an entire cra-nidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61581.4a, 4a'. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken cra-nidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61582.46. (Natural size.) A nearly entire specimen of the thorax,pygidium, and base of cephalon with 42 thoracic segments.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61583.4c. (X2.) Same as fig. 4b with photograph retouched to bringout thoracic segments.4d. (X2.) Free cheek associated with the specimen representedby fig. 40. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61584.The specimens illustrated by figs. 4, 4a-d are all from the EauClaire formation of the Upper Cambrian. Fig. 4, from locality 100,near Menomonie, and figs. 4a and 4^ from locality 83a, Rock Falls,both in Dunn County, Wisconsin. Figs. 4b-c are from locality 98,near Eau Claire, Eau Qaire County, Wisconsin.Dresbachia amaia Walcott 167Figs. 5.5'. (X4-) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium, pre-serving the projecting frontal rim with its deep medianfurrow. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61585.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CCHECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 26
.^^^''^F
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 235Dresbachia amata Walcott—Continued. page50,50'. (X4-) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken crani-dium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61586.5fc. (X2.) Free cheek associated with cranidia of this species.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61587.5c. (X2.) A narrow form of free cheek associated with cra-nidia of this species. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61588.The specimens represented by figs. 5 and 50 are from locality79X, north of Galesville, Trempealeau Coiinty, Wisconsin. The speci-men represented by fig. 5& is from locality 84, Dresbach, WinonaCounty Minnesota, and 5c, from gSx, Eau Claire, Eau ClaireCounty, Wisconsin. All are from the Upper Cambrian, EauClaire formation of Wisconsin and Minnesota.Alokistocare ticida Walcott 187Fig. 6. (Natural size.) A broken, weather-worn cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61589.6a. (Natural size.) Interior surface of a broken cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61590.The specimens represented by figs. 6 and 6a are from locality55s, Middle Cambrian : Bloomington formation. Blacksmith ForkCanyon, Cache County, Utah.Acrocephalites ? glomeratus Walcott 179
"
Figs. 7, ya. (Natural size.) Top view and side outline of the typecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61591.From locality 340c, Upper Cambrian : Rawlins, Carbon County,Wyoming.Amphion ? matutina Hall 219Figs. 8, 8a. (X4.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61592.The specimen illustrated is from locality 84, Upper Cambrian
:
Eau Claire formation; Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota.Acrocephalites ? aster Walcott 178Figs. 9, ga. (X3-) Top view and side outline. The side outlinefrom the occipital segment is traced from a second speci-men. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61593.From locality 107c, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 11miles northwest of Knoxville, Tennessee.9b. (X3.) Cranidium compressed in shale. It shows tuberclesmore strongly than the specimen represented by fig. 9,which occurs in limestone. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61594.gc. (Natural size.) This is the same specimen as that representedby fig. gb.The specimen represented by figs, gb and gc is from locality 3586,Upper Cambrian : Conasauga formation ; Birmingham City, Ala-bama.
236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 27 PAGENorwoodia saffordi Walcott 171Fig. I. (X4-) Portion of cranidium showing glabellar furrows.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61595.la. (X4-) Broken and compressed cranidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61596.i&. (X3-) Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.61597-ic. (X4-) A small, almost entire cranidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61598.id (X4-) A nearly entire dorsal shield with eight thoracic seg-ments. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61599.le. (X4-) Pygidium associated with this species. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61600.if. Diagrammatic side outline of cranidium.All of the specimens illustrated are from the Middle Cambrian
:
(103, 103a) Rome formation, south of Rogersville, HawkinsCounty, Tennessee.Norwoodia gracilis Walcott 169Fig. 2. (X4-) Entire dorsal shield as photographed and drawn froman imperfect specimen with damaged portions restoredfrom associated specimens. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61601.2a (X3) and 26 (XS)- Cranidia illustrating form. Fig. 26 is ayounger stage of growth. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue Nos. 61602 and 61603.2c. (X4-) Ventral side of a distorted cephalon. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61604.2d. (X4-) Ventral side of a small cranidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61605.2e. (X8.) A small pygidium associated with specimens repre-sented by figs. 2a-b. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61606.2/. (X2.) Thoracic median spines. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61607.2g. (X3-) Cranidium and a long thoracic median spine. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61608.All the specimens illustrated are compressed in the Upper Cam-brian fine Conasauga shale as they occur at (90a) Cedar Bluffand (92X) Yanceys Bend, on the Coosa River, Cherokee County,Alabama.
HSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 64. NO. 3, PL. 27

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 237PAGENorwoodia simplex Walcott 171Fig. 3. (X4-) An entire, slightly weathered specimen of the dorsalshield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61609.:^a. (X 6.) Interior of a compressed dorsal shield. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61610.3&. (X6.) An imperfect, small cranidium preserving somethingof its original convexity. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61611.All the specimens illustrated are from localities 90a and 91,Upper Cambrian : Conasauga shale ; at Cedar Bluff, Coosa River,Cherokee County, Alabama.
238 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 28 PAGENorwoodia ponderosa Walcott 171Fig. I. (X6.) Matrix of a craiiidium compressed in fine shale. Theoccipital spine is restored. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61612.10. (X 5.) Cranidium varying in form from fig. I. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61613.ih. (X6.) Minute pygidium associated with this species. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61614.The specimens illustrated by figs, i, la-h are from the UpperCambrian: (90a) Conasauga shale; Cedar Bluff on Coosa River,Cherokee County, Alabama.Norwoodia tenera Walcott 172Fig. 2. (X6.) Small cranidium. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61615.20. (X6.) Dorsal view of a small dorsal shield with seventhoracic segments. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61616.26. (X6.) Dorsal shield with eight thoracic segments. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61617.2c. (X8-) Minute cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61618.2d. (X6.) A detached median thoracic spine. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61619.2c. ex 4-^ A broken dorsal shield on which there is a thoracicsegment with a median spine attached. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61620.2/. (X4-) A very minute cranidium beside a larger form. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61621.2g. (X 4-) Side outline of larger cranidium represented by fig. 2/.The specimens illustrated are from locality 3011, Upper Cambrian
:
Weeks formation, Weeks Canyon, House Range, Millard County,Utah.Millardia semele Walcott 166Fig. 3. (X4-) Small cranidium showing tuberculated frontal rim.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61622.2,a. (X4.) Ventral surface of a cephalon. U. S. National Mu-seum, Catalogue No. 61623.Sb. (X4-) Dorsal shield with 23 thoracic segments. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61624.Sb'. (Natural size.) The same specimen as that represented byfig. 3b.2c. (X4-) Compressed dorsal shield on surface of shaly lime-stone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61625.3c'. (Natural size.) The same specimen as that represented byfig. 3c.The specimens ilkistrated are from locality 30 0, as given aboveunder figs. 2, 2a-g.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS NO. 3, PL. 28
''} )
U..4' .. *''^.I'im'-.'ti'iW-r^ii ^^fWj
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 239PAGEMillardia optata (Hall) 165Figs. 4, 4a, 4b. (X4-) Top, side, and front view of a small entirecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61626.4c. (X2.) Free cheek associated with the specimen representedby fig. 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61627.4d, 46, 4/. (X4-) Top, side, and front views of a small entirecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61628.The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-/ are from locality 79c,Eau Claire formation, near Hudson, St. Croix County, Wisconsin.Millardia avitas Walcott 165Figs. 5, 50, 56. (X 4-) Top view of type specimen of cranidium, withoutline of front and side views. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61629.5t-. (Natural size.) This is the same specimen as that representedby fig. 5-The specimen represented by figs. 5, 5a-c is from locality 107k,Upper Cambrian : Butifalo Run limestone, 2 miles north of BenorePost Office, Center County, Pennsylvania.
240 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 29 PAGECrepicephalus iowensis (Owen) 207Fig. I. (Natural size.) Restored figures of entire dorsal shield basedon left half of a nearly entire specimen, and associatedcranidium and pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61630.2. (Natural size.) Fragment of a thorax preserving 11 segmentswith prolonged pleura. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61631.20, 2a'. (Natural size.) Broken cranidium with profile. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61632.2&. (Natural size.) Pygidium with the outer border exfoliated.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61633.Figures 20 and 2b are of material collected by Owen.2c. (Natural size.) Free cheek with long genal spines. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61634.2d. (Natural size.) Small, nearly entire pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61635.2e. (Natural size.) Hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 616^7.2/. (Natural size.) Cranidium of the characteristic form as itoccurs in the Eau Claire sandstones. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61636.The specimens represented by figs, i, 2d, and 2/ are from (78a)the Eau Claire formation, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.Those represented by 2, 2a-c, and 2e are from the Eau Claireformation at Dresbach, Minnesota, opposite the mouth of BlackRiver.Crepicephalus texanus danace Walcott 214Figs. 3, z^^. (Natural size.) Broken cranidium and longitudinal pro-file of the only specimen in the collections. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61638.From locality 79d, Eau Claire formation, near Eau Claire,Wisconsin.Crepicephalus texanus elongatus Walcott. .'. 214Figs 4, 4a. (Natural size.) Dorsal view and longitudinal profile of afragmentary cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61639.From locality 796, Eau Claire formation, i mile (1.6 km.) northof Eleva, Wisconsin.
ISCELLANEOUS COLL VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 29
CREPICEPHALUS

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 24IPAGECrepicephalus liliana Walcott 209Fig. S. (Natural size.) Cranidium with graiiulose surface. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 15428.Sa. (Natural size.) Pygidium associated with the specimen repre-sented by fig. 5 in the same fragment of rock. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 15428.Sb. (Natural size.) Cranidium from another locality. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61640.5f. (Natural size.) Free cheek associated with the cranidiumof 5b. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61641.The specimens represented by figs. 5 and 5a are from 31a, LowerCambrian : Pioche formation, near Pioche, Nevada.The specimens represented by figs. 5& and 5c are from (30)Lower Cambrian : limestone on west slope of Highland Range,Smiles (12.8km.) north of Bennetts Spring, Nevada.These figures are illustrated in the Tenth Annual Report, U. S.Geol. Survey, 1890, plate 96, figs. 7, ya-c.Crepicephalus augusta Walcott 204Fig. 6. (X4-) A small cranidium, showing variation of form fromthat represented by fig. 6a. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61642.6a. (Natural size.) Broken cranidium showing form of frontalborder. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61643.6&. (Natural size.) Pygidium with right side partly restored.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15430.The two cranidia represented by figs. 6 and 6a are from (30)Lower Cambrian: limestone on west slope of Highland Range,8 miles (12.8 km.) north of Bennetts Spring, Nevada.The specimen represented by fig. 6b is from (31a) Lower Cam-brian : Pioche formation, near Pioche, Nevada.Specimens of the pygidium also occur in locality 30.These figures are illustrated in the Tenth Annual Report, U. S.Geol. Survey, 1890, plate 96, figs. 9, ga-b.Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard). (See pi. 30) 209Fig. 7. (Natural size.) Cranidium with occipital ring restored, andassociated specimen. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61644.From locality 151!, Gallatin limestone; northeast of WhiteSulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana.
242 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 30 PAGECrepicephalus texanus (Shumard) . (See pi. 29, fig. 7) 209Fig. I. (Natural size.) Partly restored figure. Entire specimens withthe genal and pygidium spines occtir in large numbers.This figure is illustrated in Monograph 32, U. S. GeologicalSurvey, 1892, Part 2, plate 65, fig. 5. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 35232.la. (Natural size.) Inner side of a pygidium, showing the mannerin which the two spines are attached to the pygidium.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61645.lb. (Natural size.) Small cranidium with broad glabella. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61646.All of the specimens used in the restoration of fig. i and in figs.10 and lb are from Upper Cambrian, (90a, 91) the Conasauga shalesat Cedar Bluff, Alabama.2, 2'. (X I-5-) Top view and side outline of a broken cranidium,the broken portions of which have been restored in theoutline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61647.2a. (Natural size.) Front portion of cranidium, showing frontallimb and narrow, nearly flat frontal border. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61648.26. (Natural size.) Fragment of a cranidium with the outline ofbroken portions restored. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61649.2c. (Natural size.) Matrix and spine of a broken pygidium.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61650.The three specimens illustrated by figs. 2, 2a-c are from (67a)the Cap Mountain limestone, at the head of Clear Creek on Potato-top, Burnet County, Texas.3, 2(1. (Natural size.) Top view and side outline of a largecranidium from limestone interbedded in the Conasaugashale, (89) Murphrees Valley, Blount County, Alabama.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61651.4, 4'. (X I-5-) Dorsal view and profile outline of nearly entirecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61652.4a. (X I -5) Narrow form of pygidium tentatively referred tothis species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61653.The specimens represented by figs. 4 and 4a are from locality151b, Gallatin limestone, between Pebble Creek and Soda ButteCreek, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3,
CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS (Shumard)


244 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 31 PAGECrepicephalus thoosa W-alcott 214Fig. I. -(Natural size.) Dorsal and side view of type specimen of thecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61654.From (125a) Maryville limestone, Big Creek, northeast ofRogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee.\a, la'. (Natural size.) Top view and profile of a large brokencranidium. The broken parts restored in outline. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61655. (Locality 119.)lb. (X2.) Free cheek associated with the cranidia of this spe-cies. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61656.(Locality 107.)
'i^c. (X3-) Small cranidium enlarged to illustrate pustulose sur-face and form. Broken portions restored in outline fromfig. I. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61657.From (119a) Honaker (= Maryville) limestone, east of Green-dale, Washington County, Virginia.id. (X2.) Hypostoma associated with this species at locality 119.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61658.The specimens represented by figs, la and id are from UpperCambrian, (119) Maryville limestone; beneath Nolichucky shale.Cub Creek, southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, Tennessee.le. (X2.) Hypostoma associated with this species at locality107. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61659.if. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of pygidium and side outlineassociated with cranidia of this species at locality 107.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61660.The specimens represented by figs, ib, le, and if are fromMaryville limestone, (107) Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Knox-ville, Knox County, Tennessee.i^. (X 2.) Pygidium associated with this species at locality 145a.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61661.ih. (X6.) Enlargement of surface to illustrate granulation.!*'• (X3-) Broken thoracic segment, to illustrate granulation.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61662.The specimens represented by figs, ig and li are from UpperCambrian, (145a) Conasauga shale; upper part of shale beneathKnox dolomite; east of Gaylesville, Cherokee County, Alabama.i;. (X2.) Small pygidium weathered out on limestone. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No, 61663.ik. (Natural size.) Large pygidium associated with specimenrepresented by fig. ij. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61664.The specimens represented by figs, i; and ik are from locality 91,Upper Cambrian : Conasauga formation ; Cedar Bluff, CherokeeCounty, Alabama.
EELLANEOUS COLLECTION VOL. 64, NO.
CREPICEPHALUS

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 245PAGECrepicephalus tumidus Walcott 217Fig. 2. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side view of the type cranidiumof the species. The broken parts are restored in outline.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61665. (Locality120.)Crepicephalus comus Walcott 205Fig. 3. (X2.) Dorsal and side view of the type cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61666. (Locality 120.)^a. (Natural size.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61667. (Locality 107.)The specimens represented by figs. 2 and 3 are from locality 120,Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; north of Bays Mountain,on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles east-northeast of Knox-ville, Knox County, Tennessee.Fig. 3a is from locality 107, Upper Cambrian : Maryville lime-stone. Bull Run Ridge, northwest of PCnoxville, Knox County,Tennessee.
246 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 32 PAGECrepicephalus dis Walcott 207Fig. I. (X I-S-) Dorsal view of cranidium. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61668.la. (Natural size.) Associated free cheek. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61669.lb, lb'. (X2.) Dorsal and side views of a slightly distortedcranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61670.ic. (Natural size.) Pygidium associated with specimen repre-sented by figs. I, la-b. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61671.The specimens represented by figs, i, la-c are from localities14V, 3on, and 30 0, Upper Cambrian : Weeks formation ; HouseRange, Utah.Crepicephalus camiro Walcott 205Figs. 2, 2'. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of type specimen ofcranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61672.2". (Natural size.) This is the same specimen as fig. 2.2a, 2a'. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a pygidium asso-ciated with this species. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61673.The specimens represented by figs. 2 and 2a are from locality120, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 18 miles east-north-east of Knoxville, Tennessee.Crepicephalus coosensis Walcott 206Fig. 3. (Natural size.) Restored figure of dorsal shield based on alarge specimen preserving the cranidium, thorax, and py-gidium in an imperfect condition. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61674.3a, 2<^'. (Natural size.) Dorsal view and side outline of a largecranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61675.3&. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of large pygidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61676.3c, 3c'. (Natural size.) Dorsal view and side outline of a medium-sized cranidium. The broken parts are restored in outline.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61677.3d, 3d'. (Natural size.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cra-nidium, showing palpebral lobe and occipital ring. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61678.2e. (Natural size.) Interior view of a pygidium showing portionsof the doublure. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.61679.3/. (X2.) Cranidium and left free cheek. U. S. National Mu-seum, Catalogue No. 61680.The specimens represented by figs. 3, T,a-c are from locality gox,Middle Cambrian : lower part of Conasauga formation ; east ofCenter, Cherokee County, Alabama.
ITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 32
^^ '3dV 3d'
>f^ ^//iJ ^<5^
. ^1
CREPICEPHALUS

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 247PAGECrepiccphalus sp. undt ( i ) 218Fig. 4. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61681.From Upper Cambrian: (107) Maryville limestone; 11 miles(17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Tennessee.4a. (Natural size.) Interior of a large pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61682.From Upper Cambrian: (16) thin, slabby limestone of Cona-sauga formation ; Murphrees Valley, Blount County, Alabama.
248 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 33 PAGECrepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield) 215Figs, i, 10. (X I-5-) Dorsal and side views of a cranidium which isthe type of the species. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 26934.i&. (X I-5-) Free cheek associated with fig. i. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 26934.The specimens represented by figs, i, la-b are from the UpperCambrian: (ssSd) Gallatin limestone ; Meagher County, Montana.Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus Walcott 216Figs. 2, 2a. (X i-SO Dorsal and side views of a typical cranidium,U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61684.2&. (Natural size.) Side view of a broken cranidium having avery large occipital spine. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61685.2c. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium referredto this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.61686.The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-c are from locality 107,Maryville Hmestone; 11 miles northwest of Knoxville, Tennessee.Crepicephalus coria Walcott 206Fig. 3. (Natural size.) Interior of a fragmentary specimen, showing14 segments in the thorax. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61687.Za, 3«'- (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a small, slightlycrushed cranidium. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61688.3fc. (X2.) Dorsal view of a small convex cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61689.3c. (Natural size.) A large cranidium illustrating slight changein form with increase in size. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61690.3d. (Natural size.) Associated free cheek. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61691.3^. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a broken pygidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61692.3/. (Natural size.) Interior of a pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61693.2,g- (X2.) Dorsal view of a small pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61694.The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-g are from locality3on, Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; House Range, Utah.
J
IISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO 3. PL.
CREPICEPHALUS

NO. 3 . CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 249PAGECrepicephalus upis Walcott 218Fig. 4. (X2.) Cranidium with broken front border restored fromassociated specimens. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61695.4a. (X2.) Under side of associated free cheek. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61696.4b. (X2.) Pygidium associated with fig. i. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61697.4c. (X2.) Under side of an associated pygidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61698.4d. (Natural size.) Fragment of weathered shaly limestone onwhich several cranidia occur and the pygidium representedby fig. 4b.The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-d are from locality150b, Upper Cambrian : Gallatin limestone ; at head of WhiteCreek, Lewis and Qark National Forest. Montana.
250 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS • VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 34 PAGELonchocephalus pholus Walcott 194Fig. I. (X4-) Interior of cranidium. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61699.la, la'. (X4-) Exterior of cranidium and side outline. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61700.lb. (X4-) Cranidium preserving relief of glabella and strongoccipital spine. There is also a cranidium of Norwoodiatcncra on the same piece of limestone. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61 701.Lonchocephalus plena Walcott I94Fig. 2. (X6.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken cephalon.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61702.2a. (X6.) A cranidium preserving the glabella and fixed cheek.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61703.The specimens represented by figs, i, la-b, 2, and 2a are from ashaly limestone, (son) Upper Cambrian : Weeks formation. HouseRange, Utah.Lonchocephalus chippezvaensis Owen. (See pi. 37) igoFig. 3. (X2.) Surface of sandstone with cranidia and pygidia. Acranidium of Pagodia thca Walcott and fragments ofHyolithes primordialis Hall occur in the sandstone. (Seeplate 37-)3a. (X6.) A nearly entire dorsal shield with the weathered sur-face restored from other specimens. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61704.The specimen represented by fig. 3 is from locality 98, UpperCambrian : Eau Claire formation ; near Eau Claire, Eau ClaireCounty (collected by Dr. Samuel Weidman, and now in collectionof Geological Survey of Wisconsin at Madison) ; that representedby fig. 3a is from locality 82, St. Croix Falls, Polk County; bothin Wisconsin.Lonchocephalus minutus (Bradley) I93Figs. 4, 4a. (X3-) Dorsal and side views of a convex cranidium.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58566.4>. (X3-) Associated free cheek. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 58567.40 4d. (X3-) Dorsal and side views of a crani<lium preservingthe anterior rim and border. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 58568.4^, 4/. (X3-) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium from which
"the test has been exfoliated. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 58569.AS- (X 3-) Dorsal view of a pygidium preserving the test. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 58570.The specimens represented by figs. 4, ^a-g are from locality 77,Upper Cambrian : Potsdam horizon ; sandstone near the waterbelow the falls at the high bridge, and also at several horizons inthe section, the highest point being 70-75 feet (21.3-22.9 m.) abovethe water in Ausable Chasm, Essex County, New York.The above illustrations are taken from Smithsonian MiscellaneousCollections, Vol. 57, 1914, pi. 43, figs. 21-24.
rf^LANEOJS COLLECT
CAMBRIAN TRILCBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 2$!PAGESaratogia wisconsensis (Owen) 198Fig. S. (Natural size.) Cranidium with occipital spine broken off.5c. (Natural size.) Side outline of fig. 5.5&. (X 2.) Side view of a small cranidium.5c. (Natural size.) Free cheek.The specimens represented by figs. 5, SO'-c, are from locality 1516,Upper Cambrian : Gallatin limestone ; Yellowstone National Park,Wyoming.These specimens are associated on a slab of limestone (U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 35225) and are the same thatare illustrated by woodcut prints on plate 64, figs, i, la, Monogr. 32,U. S. Geol. Survey. By error, in making up that plate, a figure ofSaratogia hamulus (Owen), fig. ib, and of the pygidium of Ptycho-paria diadcmata (Hall), fig. ic, was included under this species.Saratogia calcifera (Walcott) I97Figs. 6, 6a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of an imperfectcranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58554.6b. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a cranidium, showing thecharacters of the glabella. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 58555.6c. (Natural size.) Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 58556.6d, 6e. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of pygidium asso-ciated with this species. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 58557.The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a-e are from locality 76,Upper Cambrian : Hoyt limestone; Hoyts quarry, 4 miles (6.4 km)west of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, New York.The above illustrations are taken from Smithsonian MiscellaneousCollections, Vol. 57, I9'[4, pi. 43, figs. 7, 7a-ioa.Crepicephalus unsia Walcott 217Fig. 7, 7'. (X 2.) Dorsal view and side profile of a cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61705.ya- (X3.) A small pygidium with front outline restored. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61706.The specimens represented by figs. 7 and ya are from locality150b, Upper Cambrian : Gallatin limestone ; head of White Creek,Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana.Loiichocephalus minor (Shumard) 192Figs. 8, 8a. (X4-) Dorsal view and side outline of a typical cra-nidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61707.86. (X4-) Pencil drawing of specimen represented by photo-graph in fig. 8.From locality 84, Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation
;
Dresbach, Minnesota.Lonchocephalus bunus Walcott 190Figs. 9, 9a. (X 3-) Dorsal and side views of typical cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61708.The specimen represented by fig. 9 is from locality 99, UpperCambrian: Franconia formation ; near Winona, Minnesota. Col-lected by Mr. W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona.
252 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 35 PAGECrepicephalus unca Walcott 217Fig. I, (X I-5-) Cranidium and side outline. U. S. National Mu-seum, Catalogue No. 61709.la. (Natural size.) The same cranidium as fig. i.lb. (X2.) Slightly distorted free cheek with outline restoredfrom an associated specimen. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61710.ic. (X 1.5- ) Fragment of a cranidium to illustrate palpebral lobeand postero-lateral limb. U. S. National Museum, Cata-logue No. 61711.id. (X 1-5.) Dorsal and side views of pygidium associated insame layer of sandstone with fig. i. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61712.le. (X 2.) A smaller pygidium, showing doublure and a slightlydifferent outline from that of fig. id. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61713.The specimens represented by figs, i, la-e are from locaHty 79c,Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation ; Willow River, near Hud-son, Wisconsin. (Collected by Mr. W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona,Minnesota.)Saratogia vohix Walcott 198Figs. 2, 2a. (X3-) Cranidium and side outline. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61714.From locality 78a, Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation
;
near Eau Qaire, Wisconsin.Saratogia hera Walcott 197Figs. 3, 30. (X i-S) Dorsal and side views of cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61715.2,h. (Natural size.) Spine bearing thoracic segment associatedwith this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.61716.The specimens represented by figs. 3, 2>(t'-b are from locality 98a,Upper Cambrian : Franconia formation. Marine Mills, Minnesota.Saratogia arses Walcott 196Figs. 4, 4a. (X3-) Cranidium and side outline of type specimen.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61717.4&. (Natural size.) The same cranidium as that represented byfig. 4.The specimen represented by figs. 4, ^a-b is from locality 173,Upper Cambrian : Nolichucky shale ; Maryville, Blount County,Tennessee.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 35
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 253PAGESaratogia aruno Walcott 196Figs. 5, 5a. (X4) Cranidium with cast of occipital spine. U. S.National Museum. Catalogue No. 61718.Sb. (Natural size.) The same cranidium as that represented byfig. 5-The specimen represented by figs. 5, Sa-b is from locality 128,Upper Cambrian: Conasauga formation; 1.5 miles southwest ofCleveland, Bradley County, Tennessee.Lonchocephalus appalachia Walcott 190Figs. 6, 6'. (X3-) Two cranidia with side outline (6') of specimenon left side. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61719.6a. (Natural size.) Free cheek associated in same layer with thespecimen represented by fig. 6. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61720.6b, 6b'. (Natural size.) Cranidium and side outline of a specimenwith a long occipital spine. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61721.6c. (Natural size.) The same specimen as that represented byfig. 6.6d, 6d'. (X 1.5.) Cranidium and side profile of a specimen withthe occipital spine broken off. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61722.6e. (Natural size.) The same specimen as that represented byfig. 6d.The specimen represented by fig. 6b is from locality 139a, UpperCambrian : Conasauga formation ; bluish limestones in shales onroad near Wades Gap, near Chepultepec, Jefi^erson County, Ala-bama.The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a, 6c-e, are from locality123a, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; Big Creek, 4 milesnortheast of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee.
254 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 36 PAGELonchocephalus sospita Walcott I95Fig. I. (X3.) Fragment of sandstone with several cranidia in it.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61723.10. (X3-) -Side outline of cranidium.The specimens represented by figs, i and la are from locality\ 339k, Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation, near Winona, Min-nesota. (Collected by W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona.)Hanburia gloriosa Walcott 226Fio. 2. (X3-) Entire dorsal shield flattened in shale. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61724.3- (X3.) Entire dorsal shield flattened in shale. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61725.The specimens represented by figs. 2 and 3 are from locality 35k,Middle Cambrian: Burgess shale member of the Stephen forma-tion, on the west slope of the ridge between Mount Field and WaptaPeak, I mile northeast of Burgess Pass, above Field, BritishColumbia.Vanuxemella contractor Walcott 221Fig. 4. (X2.S.) A crushed dorsal shield, showing the principal char-acters of the species. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61726.4a. (X2.5.) A crushed dorsal shield varying slightly from thatrepresented by fig. 4. U. S. National Museum, CatalogueNo. 61727.The specimens represented by figs. 4 and 4a are from locality5J, Lower Cambrian : about 6 miles west-northwest of ScapegoatMountain, Powell County, Montana.Vanuxemella nortia Walcott 222Fig. S. (X2.) A nearly entire dorsal shield somewhat crushed inthe shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61728.From locality 35c, Lower Cambrian : Mount White formation
;
in drift bowlder on the south slope of Mount Bosworth, BritishColumbia, Canada.Agraulos stator Walcott i73Fig. 6. (Natural size.) A nearly perfect dorsal shield that well illus-trates the characters of the species. U. S. NationalMuseum., Catalogue No. 61729.From locality 35c, Lower Cambrian : Mount White formationin drift bowlder on the south slope of Mount Bosworth, BritishColumbia, Canada.
THSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL.
I .!- x/- „..:^m * ^-,
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES

NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 255PAGEKarlia minor Walcott 224Fig. 7. (X4.) Group of specimens on a fragment of shale, andshowing characteristics of the species. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 2670^.ja. (X 10.) A young individual with two segments. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 26702.yb. (X6.) Dorsal shield with three segments. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 61730.yc. (X6.) Hypostoma. A smaller hypostoma is shown on fig. 7.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 26703.The specimens represented by figs. 7, ya-c are from locality i,Middle Cambrian : Manuels River, above Conception Bay, nearTopsail Head, Newfoundland.Karlia stephenensis Walcott 224Fig, 8. (X2.) Nearly entire dorsal shield with the free cheeksrestored from other specimens. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61731.From locality 14s, Middle Cambrian : Stephen formation
;
Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada.Tsinania cleora Walcott 227Figs. 9, 9'. (X3-) Top and side view of cranidium. U. S. NationalMuseum, Catalogue No. 6iy2,2.ga. (X2.) Associated free cheek. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61733.gb. (X2.) Associated thoracic segment. U. S. National Museum,Catalogue No. 61734.9c, 9c'. (X2.) Top and side view of an associated pygidium.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61735.The specimens represented by figs. 9, ga-c are from locality sow,Upper Cambrian : Notch Peak limestone ; House Range, Utah.Tsinania elongata Walcott 228Figs. 10, 100. (X4-) Top and side view of a cranidium. U. S.National Museum, Catalogue No. 61736.The specimen represented by figs. 10 and loa is from locality3466, Upper Cambrian : 2 miles west of Donald Station, on theCanadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada.
256 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE zi PAGEBlock of sandstone with Lonchocephalus ctiippewaensis and several otherspecies characteristic of the Eau Claire formation of Wisconsin 190A. Hyolithes primordialis Hall.B. AnomocarcUa onusta (Whitfield).C. Pagodia thca Walcott.D. Lonchocephalus chippezvanesis Owen (p. 190, and see pi. 34).E. Menomonia calymenoides (Whitfield) (p. 162).F. Crepicephalus iowensis (Owtn) (p. 207).G. Dicellomus politus Hall.H. Oholus matinalis Hall.U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61737.From locality 83a, Upper Cambrian : Eau Claire formation
;
Rock Falls, Dunn County, Wisconsin,
ELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 37
LONCHOCEPHALUS CHIFPEWAENSIS Owen (D) AND OTHER SPECIES


258 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 38 PAGEWanneria walcottana (Wanner) 219Fig. I. (Reduced to three-fourths natural size.) Cranidium crushednearly flat in argillaceous shaly rock.2. (X2.5.) Portion of the surface of the specimen representedby fig. I, enlarged so as to bring out the reticulate structure.The specimen represented by figs, i and 2 is from (i2x) LowerCambrian: i mile (1.6 km.) north of Rohrerstown, LancasterCounty, Pennsylvania. It was loaned to me by Dr. H. Justin Roddy.
rHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
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WANNERIA WALCOTTANUS (Wanner")

INDEXThe references in heavy-faced type refer to the locality numbers and thepages upon which the genera and species are described and figured. PAGEAbrigo limestone, Upper Cambrian locality 358c 213Acrocephalites Wallerius, genus described I74compared with Alokistocare 183Alokistocare ? labrosum 185Alokistocare, Inouyia, and Ctenocephalus exsulansLinnarsson 176Ptychoparia striata (Emmrich) 175comparison of genera 176of species I74-I75, 176-177formerly would have been included with Ptychoparia 177genotype, Solenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin 174geographic distribution 17Sobservations I75stratigraphic range I7SSwedish diagnosis i74americanus, new species, described I77figured pi. 24, figs. 2, 2a-h, 3, za-h 230compared with Acrocephalites ? majus 180Acrocephalites aoris 178Acrocephalites insignis and A. stenometopus 177Acrocephalites multisegmentus 180Acrocephalites tutus 181Alokistocare althea and A. pomona 183discussed I75formation and locality 178segments I77aoris, new species, described 178figured pi. 26, figs. 3, 3a-b 234compared with Acrocephalites tutus and A. americanus 178formation and locality 178stratigraphic range 17Sf aster, new species, described 178figured pi. 26, figs. 9, ga-c 334compared with Acrocephalites stenometopus 177, 178, 181formation and locality 178stratigraphic range 175t glomeratus, new species, described 179figured pi. 26, figs. 7, 7a 234compared with Acrocephalites ? majus, A. haynesi, and Pty-choparia 179formation and locality 179stratigraphic range 175
INDEXAcrocephalites—Continued. pagehaynesi, new species, described 1 79figured pi. 24, figs. 4, 4a-b 230compared with Acrocephalites ? glomeratus 179Acrocephalites insignis 179Acrocephalites multisegmentus i77Acrocephalites stenometopus and A. tutus 176discussed I74» I75formation and locality I79type specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-bridge, Mass 179. 230insignis, new species, described 1 79figured pi.. 25, figs, i, la-b 232compared with Acrocephalites amcricanus I77Acrocephalites haynesi i79Acrocephalites multisegmentus 180Acrocephalites stenometopus 176formation and locality 180segments 1 77stratigraphic range I75? majus, new species, described 180figured pi. 26, fig. 1 234compared with Acrocephalites ? glomeratus I79Acrocephalites multisegmentus 180Ptychoparia, Acrocephalites tutus, and A. americanus. . 180doubtfully referred 176formation and locality 180stratigraphic range 1 75multisegmentus, new species, described 180figured pi. 24, figs. 5, 5a 230compared with Acrocephalites amcricanus, A. insignis, andA. ? majus 180Acrocephalites haynesi I77formation and locality 180segments 177stratigraphic range 1/5stenometopus (Angelin), described 181figured pi. 24, figs, i, la-b 230compared with Acrocephalites ? aster 178, 181Acrocephalites haynesi, A. insignis, and A. tutus 176discussed I75formation and locality 181synonymy i8itutus, new species, described 181figured pi. 24, figs. 6, 6a 230compared with Acrocephalites americanus 181Acrocephalites aoris 178Acrocephalites haynesi and A. stenometopus 176Acrocephalites ? majus 180formation and locahty 181stratigraphic range I75
Acrocephalites—Continued. page/ vulcanus (Billings), described 182figured pi. 26, fig. 2 234formation and locality 182stratigraphic range 175synonymy 182Acrothele bellula Walcott, associated with Crcpiccphalus coosensis 206colleni Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223panderi Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222Acrotreta kutorgai Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis 206Agnostus Icevigatus zone, Acrocephalites from 175Middle Cambrian locality 30911 181Agraulos Corda, genus named 173associated with Tsinania cleora Walcott 227ceticephalus Barrande, compared with Agraulos stator 173stator, new species, described 173figured pi. 36, fig. 6 254associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223compared with Agraulos ceticephalus Barrande 173formation and locality 174observations 173Alabama, Acrocephalites in i j:^Crepicephalus in 203Middle Cambrian localities i6d, 90, 112 178locality 90X 178, 206locality 95 178locality 112 178, 180locality 112a 180Norwoodia in 169Upper Cambrian locality 16 218localities 16a, 89, 139a 214locality 90a 170, 171, 213locality 91 170, 171, 213, 215, 218locality 145a 215localities 92X, 92XX 170locahty 138 172locality 139a 190locality 145 170, 171locality 358e 170, 178, 215Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 35111 174Albertella, compared with Vanuxemella 221bosworthi Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223helena Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223Albertella zone. Lower Cambrian locality 351TI 17410
PAGEAlokistocare Lorenz, genus described 182compared with Acrocephalites 176, 183Macrotoxus ; . 183formerly would have been included with Ptychoparia 177genotype, Conocephalites subcoronatus Hall and Whitfield. . . 183geographic distribution 183observations 183segments 183species compared 182stratigraphic range 183synonymy 182althea, new species, described 184figured pi. 25, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a 232compared with- Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whit-field) 187Ptychoparia striata and Acrocephalites americanus 183formation and locaHty 184segments '. 183? labrosum, new species, described 184figured, pi. 25, figs. 5, 5a 232compared with Acrocephalites 176, 185
• Alokistocare and Menomonia 185Alokistocare prospectense and A. linnarssoni 182Alokistocare subcoronatum 184formation and locality 185intermediate between Conocephalites, Alokistocare, and Meno-monia 184-185linnarssoni ( Walcott) , described 185figured pi. 25, figs. 7, 7a 232compared with Alokistocare labrosum and A. ? prospectense. . 182Alokistocare ? prospectense 185, 187Alokistocare subcoronatum 184formation and locality 185synonymy 185pomona, new species, described 186figured pi. 25, fig. 6 232compared with Alokistocare ticida 188Ptychoparia striata and Acrocephalites americanus . .. . 183formation and locality 186observations 186segments 183? prospectense (Walcott) , described 186figured pi. 25, fig. 8 232compared with Alokistocare labrosum and A. linnarssoni. ... 1R2Alokistocare linnarssoni 185, 187Alokistocare subcoronatum 184formation and locality 187synonymy 186
Alokistocare—Continued. pagesubcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield), described 187figured pi. 25, fig. 2 232assigned to Alokistocare 183compared with Acrocephalites 176Alokistocare althea 187Alokistocare ticida 188formation and locality 187synonymy 187ticida, new species, described 187figured pi. 26, figs. 6, 60 , 234compared with Alokistocare pomona and A. subcoronatum. .
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188formation and locality 188althea, see Alokistocare.amata, see Dresbachia.americanus, see Acrocephalites.Amphion ? matutina Hall, described 219figured pi. 26, fig. 8 234associated with Crepicephalus iowensis 219formation and locality 219synonymy 219Anomocare, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis 206wisconsensis Dames, in synonymy 198Anomocarella onusta (Whitfield), associated with Lonchocephalus chippe-waensis 256aoris, see Acrocephalites.appalachia, see Lonchocephalus.Arionellus tripunctatus Whitfield, in synonymy 215separated from Crepicephalus texanus 213(Bathyurus) texanus Shumard, in synonymy : 209Arizona, Acrocephalites in I75Alokistocare in 183Middle Cambrian localities 74, 746 184Upper Cambrian locality 358c 213arses, see Saratogia.aruno, see Saratogia.aster, see Acrocephalites.Ausable Chasm, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 77 194Australia, Crepicephalus in 203avitas, see Millardia.Bartlett Hollow, Burnet County, Texas, Upper Cambrian locality I4d. .. . 213Bathyuriscus, associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223compared with Karlia Walcott 223productus (Hall and Whitfield), associated with Vanuxemella con-tracta 222? sp., associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222Bays Mountain, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality io6a 170Upper Cambrian locality 120 near 205, 215, 217
PAGEBeaver Creek, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality79X 167, 193, 209Big Creek, Hawkins County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 124. .170, 172Upper Cambrian locality 124a 172, 219localities 125, 125a 215Bird Bridge Road, Greene County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian localityii8a 215Birmingham City, Jefferson County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality358e 170, 178, 215Bloomington formation. Middle Cambrian localitj^ 55s 188Branchiopoda, Middle Cambrian, publication on 160Bright Angel shale. Middle Cambrian locality 746 184British Columbia, Hanburia in 226Karlia in 223Lower Cambrian locality 35c 174, 223Middle Cambrian locality 14s 225locality 35k 226Upper Cambrian locality 346e 228Vanuxemclla in 221Brooksella alternata Walcott, associated with Crepiccphalus coosensis. . . . 206Buffalo Run limestone. Upper Cambrian locaHty 107k 165Bull Run Ridge, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 107 205, 215, 216, 218Upper Cambrian localities 107a, 107b 171hunus, see Lonchocephalus.Burgess Pass, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locality 35k near 226Burgess shale. Middle Cambrian locaHty 35k 226Burliiigia, association 161hectori, compared with Hanburia gloriosa 226Cache County, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 55s 188calcifera, see Saratogia.Calymenc, compared with Menomonia 162Calymenidse, compared with Norwoodidas 168calymenoidcs, see Conocephalites and Menomonia.Cambrian faunas of China, publication 160Cambrian faunas of Eastern Asia, publication 160Cambrian Trilobites, publications on 160Cambro-Ordovician boundary in British Columbia, publication 160caniiro, see Crepiccphalus.Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Upper Cambrian locality346e 228Cap INIountain formation. Upper Cambrian localities I4d, 67a 213Cave Spring, Floyd County, Georgia, Middle Cambrian locality 141 i8rCedar Bluff, Coosa River, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality 90a. .170, 171, 213Upper Cambrian locality 91 170, 171, 213, 215, 218Center Township, Cherokee County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality92XX 170Center County, Pennsylvania, Upper Cambrian locality 107k 165Ceratopygidas, family named 199Crepicephalus into family 203
PAGEChamplain Canal, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 109 194Chepultepec, Jefferson County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality139a 190, 214Cherokee County, Alabama. Middle Cambrian localities 112, 112a 180China, Cambrian faunas of. publication 160Crepicephalus in 203Saratogia in 195chippewaensis, see Lonchocephalus.Clear Creek, Burnet County, Texas, Crepicephalus tcxanus from 209cleora, see Tsinania.Cleveland, Bradley County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 128 near. . 197Collen, M., acknowledgments 186conius, see Crepicephalus.Conasauga formation. Middle Cambrian localities i6d, 89X, 90, 95, 112. . 178Middle Cambrian locality 90X 178, 206localities 112, 1 12a 180locality 141 181reason for reference to Middle Cambrian 228stratigraphy difficult to work out 169Upper Cambrian locality 16 218localities i6a, 89, 139a 214locality 90a 170, 171, 213locality 91 170, 213, 215, 218localities 92X, 92XX. 96c, 145, 358e 170locality 128 197localities 138, I38d 172locality 139a 190localities 145a, 358f 215locality 358e 178, 215Conaspis shumardi, form of glabella of Saratogia 197Conocephalites, relation to Alokistocare ? labrosum 184-185unlike Lonchocephalus and Crepicephalus 189calymenoides Whitfield, genotype of Menomonia 162chippewaensis Shumard. in synonymy 190iowensis (Owen) , in synonymy 207latifrons Hall, in synonymy 198minor Hall, in synonymy 191[^Lonchocephalus] minor, compared with Lonchocephalus chip-pewaensis Owen 191minutus Bradley, in synonymy 193subcoronatus Hall and Whitfield, in synonymy 187vulcanus Billings, in synonymy 182wisconsensis Hall, in synonymy 198(Monocephalus) globosus, compared with Lonchocephalus minor. .
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192Conocoryphe, suggested by Hanburia 226contracta, see Vanuxemella.Coopers Lake quadrangle, Powell County, Montana, Lower Cambrianlocality 5J 222Cordilleran area, Acrocephalites in 175coria, see Crepicephalus.
PAGECoosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama, Middle Cambrian localitiesi6d, 90, 95, 112 178Middle Cambrian locality 90X 178, 206specimens of Norwoodia from 169Upper Cambrian localities 90a, 91, 92X 170locality 145 i/O. ^71coosensis, see Crepiccphalus.Craigs Mountain, Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama, Middle Cam-brian locality 90 near 178Crepicephalus Owen, genus described I99American species now referred elsewhere 204cephala of species compared 200compared with Ptychoparia 200comparison of species 203equivalent to subgenus of Loganellus 202genotype, Dikelocephalus ? iowensis Owen 201geographic distribution 203observations 203pygidia compared 201species referred to 203stratigraphic range 202synonymy 199augusta Walcott, described 204figured pi. 29, figs. 6, 6a-b 240characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus unzia 217formation and locality 205listed 203stratigraphic range 202synonymy 204camiro, new species, described 205figured pi. 32, figs. 2, 20 246characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus iowensis 205Crepicephalus sp. undt. (2) 219formation and locality 205listed 203stratigraphic range 202centralis Whitfield, referred to Anomocarella 204comus, new species, described 205figured pi. 31, figs. 3, 3a 244characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus thoosa and C. tumidus 205formation and locality 205listed 203stratigraphic range ' 202convexus, characterized 201listed 203stratigraphic range 202
Crepicephalus—Continued. pagecoosensis. new species, described 206figured pi. 32, figs. 3, 3a-f 246associated fauna 206characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus iowensis 206Crepicephalus upis 218formation and locality 206listed 203stratigraphic range 202coria, new species, described 206figured pi. :i2„ figs. 3, 2>a-g 248associated with Crepicephalus dis 207characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus texanus 206formation and locality 207listed 203stratigraphic range 202synonymy 206damia, characterized 201listed 203stratigraphic range 202dis, new species, described 207figured pi. 32, figs, i, la-c 246associated with Crepicephalus coria 207characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus iowensis 207Crepicephalus unca 217Crepicephalus unzia 217formation and locality 207synonymy 207gibbsi Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia 204iowensis (Owen), described 207figured pi. 29, figs, i, 2, 2a-/ 240associated with Amphion ? matutina Hall 219Lonchocephalus chippewaensis 256compared with Crepicephalus camiro 205Crepicephalus cooensis 206Crepicephalus dis 207Crepicephalus texanus 208Crepicephalus sp. undt. ( i ) 218Crepicephalus sp. undt. (2) 218other species of Crepicephalus 200, 201Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen 191Saratogia 195distribution 208formation and locality 209listed 203Owen's description of 202stratigraphic range 202synonymy 207
Crepicephalus—Continued. pageliliana Walcott, described 209figured pi. 29, figs. 5, 5a-c 240characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus upis 218formation and locality 209listed 203stratigraphic range 202synonymy 209uiagnus, characterized 201listed 203 .stratigraphic range 202( ?) miniscaensis Owen, referred to Ptychaspis 204onustus Whitfield, referred to Anomocarclla 204roanensis Safford, referred to unpublished species 204similis Safiford, referred to unpublished species 204tennesseenensis Safiford, referred to unpublished species 204texanus ( Shumard) , described 209figured pi. 29, fig. 7; pi. 30, figs. 1-4, 4a 240,242ArioHcUus tripunctatus separated from 213compared with Crepicephalus coria 206Crepicephalus texanus danace 214Crepicephalus texanus elongatus 212-213, 214Crepicephalus thoosa 214Crepicephalus tripunctatus 216Crepicephalus tumidus 217other species of Crepicephalus 200, 201Paradoxides 212formation and locality 213Weeks formation 161Hsted 203locality discussed 209-210measurements 212observations 212species from different localities compared 210-21
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synonymy 206, 209stratigraphic range 202texanus danace, new variety, described 214figured pi. 29, figs. 2>- 3<^ ^4®characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus texanus 214formation and locality 214Hsted ...203stratigraphic range 202texanus elongatus, new variety, described 214figured pi. 29, figs. 4, 4fl 240characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus texanus 212-213, 214formation and locality 214listed 203stratigraphic range 202
Crepicephalus—Continued. pagethoosa, new species, described 214figured pi. 31, figs, i, la-k 244compared with Crepicephalus texaniis 214Crepicephalus comus 205Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus 215Crepicephalus tumidus 217formation and locality 215listed 203stratigraphic range 202tripunctatus (Whitfield), described 215figured pi. ZZ^ figs, i, \a-b 248compared with Crepicephalus texanus and C. tripunctatusmagnispinus 216formation and locality 216listed 203stratigraphic range 202synonymy 215tripunctatus magnispinus, new variety, described 216figured pi. 33, figs. 2, 2a-c 248characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus .thoosa 215Crepicephalus tripunctatus 216other species of Crepicephalus 200, 201formation and locality 216listed 203stratigraphic range 202tumidus, new species, described 217figured pi. 31, fig. 2 244characterized 201compared with Crepicephalus comus 205Crepicephalus texanus and C. thoosa 217formation and locality 217listed 203stratigraphic range 202uncOi new species, described .' 217figured pi. 35, figs, i, la-e 252compared with Crepicephalus dis 217formation and locality 217other species of Crepicephalus 200, 201stratigraphic range 202utisia, new species, described 217figured pi. 34, figs. 7, 7a 250compared with Crepicephalus dis and C. augusta 217formation and locality 218listed 204stratigraphic range 202
INDEXCrepicephalus—Continued. pageupis, new species, described 218figured pi. Z2), figs. 4, j\a-d 248compared with Crepicephalus liliana and C. coosensis 218formation and locality 218listed 204stratigraphic range 202? wisconsensis Owen, in synonymy 198referred to Lonchocephalus 204related to L. hamulus 188sp. undt. (i), described 218figured pi. 2^, figs. 4, 40 246compared with Crepicephalus iowensis 218formation and locality 218sp. undt. (2) , described 218compared with Crepicephalus camiro 219Crepicephalus iowensis 218formation and locality 219undt. spp., stratigraphic range 202listed 204{Bathyurus?) angulatus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia(Emmrichella) 204(Loganellus) granulosus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Inouyia. . 204(Loganelhis) haguei Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia. . . 204(Loganellus) maculosus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia 204(Loganellus) montanensis Whitfield, discussed by Whitfield 202referred to Ptychoparia 204(Loganellus) nitidus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia. . 204(Loganella) planus Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia 204? (Loganellus) quadrans Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptycho-paria 204(Loganellus) simulator Hall and Whitfield, referred to Inouyia... 204(Loganellus) unisulcatus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptycho-paria 204Ctenocephalus exsulans Linnarsson, compared with Acrocephalites 176Cub Creek, Hamblen County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality119 20s, 215, 218Curtice, Cooper, acknowledgments 169collections by 210Daly, R. A., acknowledgments 228danace, see Crepicephalus texanus.Dearborn River section, Powell County, Montana, Lower Cambrianlocality 4v 222Dicellomus politus Hall, associated with Lonchocephalus chippcwaensis. . 256Dikelocephalus, species referred to by Owen 202and other genera of the Dikelocephalinse, pubUcation 160? dalyi Walcott, associated with Tsinania elongata 228latifrons Shumard, in synonymy 198F iowensis Owen, discussed 202genotype of Crepicephalus 201in synonymy 207
PAGEdis, see Crepicephalus.Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 84.. 163,165, 167, 192, 193, 200, 219Dresbach formation, Upper Cambrian locality 83* 163, 209Dresbachia, new genus, described 166association 161compared with Menomonia and Millardia 167Millardia 164genotype, Dresbachia amata Walcott 167geographic distribution 167referred to Menomonidae 161observations 167stratigraphic range 167amata, new species, described 167figured pi. 26, figs. 5, Sa-c 234compared with Millardia optata (Hall) 167formation and localitj' 167Eastern Asia, Cambrian faunas of * 160Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian localities78a, 98 163Upper Cambrian locaHties 98, 98X 209Eau Claire formation. Upper Cambrian locality 78a 163, 167, 192, 198, 209locaHty 79 167, 199, 217locaUty 79c 165locality 79d 214locality 796 214, 217locality 79X 167, 193, 209localities 80, 82, 82a, 83a, 98, 98X, 134 192locality 83a 163, 209locality 84 165, 167, 192, 209, 219locality 86c 199locality 98 209locality 98X 167, 209locality 100 167, 209locality looa 165, 192, 209locaHty 339^ I95Eleva, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Middle Cambrian locality 796. . 214elongata, see Tsinania.elongatus see Crepicephalus texanus.Eoorthis desmopleura (Meek), associated with Tsinania cleora 227Essex County, New York, Upper Cambrian localities 77, 136a 194Ettrick, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locaHty 79x.. 209Upper Cambrian locality looa 165, 192Eureka District, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality 58 185Finkelnburg, W. A., acknowledgments 166, 195, 251, 252Fish Spring Range, Utah, Upper Cambrian locality 15J 185Upper Cambrian locality ist 185
PAGEFranconia formation. I'pper Cambrian localities Ss^, Q7, QQa, 339g 199Upper Cambrian localit>- 84a 167locality 98a 198locality 9Q 190Gadsden, Etowah County. Alabama. Upper Cambrian locality 138 172Gallatin County, Montana. Middle Cambrian locality 4g 180Gallatin limestone. Upper Cambrian localities 4r, 358d 216Upper Capibrian locality 150b 218locality 151b 213locality 15 le .• 199locality 151! 213, 214Gap Creek section. Tennessee. Upper Cambrian locality 126a 215Gaylesville. Cherokee County. Alabama. Upper Cambrian locality 145anear 215Georgia, Acroccphalitcs in *. 175Middle Cambrian locality 8qx 178locahty 141 181Upper Cambrian locality i38d 172locality 358! 215Getz. Xoah. acknowledgments 219glomeratus. see Acroccphnlitcs.gloriosa. see Haiiburia.Goodwins Ferry, Giles County, ^"irginia. Upper Cambrian locality 124b.. 219gracilis, see Xorzcoodia.Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Arizona, Middle Cambrian localities74. 74e 184Greene County. Fennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 117c 215Greeneville, Greene County. Tennessee. Upper Cambrian localities 117,117c, near 172Hall. James, discussion of Lonchoccphcilus 189mentioned 165. 219Hall and Whitfield, discussion of Conocephalitcs 202Hanburia. new genus, described 225dimensions 226genot}-pe. Hanburia gloriosa Walcott 226geographic distribution 226observations 226stratigrraphic range 226suggests Conocoryphe 226gloriosa, new species, described 226figured pi. 36. figs. 3, 4 254compared with Burlingia hectori 226formation and locality 226Hawkins County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian localities 103, 103a 171Upper Cambrian locality- 123a 190locality 123b 215Haj-nes, W. P., species named after 179
PACKhaynesi, see Acroceplialites.Henrietta, Blair County, Pennsylvania, Middle Cambrian locality I07dnear 178hera, see Saratogia.Highgate Springs, Franklin County, Vermont, Middle Cambrian locality26 near 182Highland Range, Nevada, Lower Cambrian locality 30 205, 209Lower Cambrian locality 31a 209Honaker limestone. Upper Cambrian locality 1 19a 215House Range, Utah, Upper Cambrian localities 14V, 3oh, 301, 30J 207Upper Cambrian localities 3011, 30 o 166, 172, 180, 194, 207Upper Cambrian locality 300 I95locality 30W 228Hoyt limestone. Middle Cambrian unnumbered locality 197Upper Cambrian localities 76, 76a I97Hudson, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality79 • • • 167, 199, 217Hyolithes, associated with Vanuxcmella nortia 223primordialis Hall, associated with Lonchocephalus chippeivaensis250, 256Illcetiurus canens (Walcott;, genotype of Tsinania 227Illcenurus quadratus, compared with Tsinania cleora 227insignis, see Acrocephalites.Towa, Upper Cambrian locality 86c 199iowensis, see Crepicephalus.Karlia Walcott, genus described - 223compared with Bathyuriscus 223genotype. Karlia minor Walcott 223geographic distribution 223observations 223stratigraphic range 223s}Tionymy 223minor Walcott, described 224figured pL 36, figs. 7, ja-c 254compared with Karlia stephenensis Walcott 225formation and locality , 224stephenensis Walcott, described 224figured pi. 36, fig. 8 254compared with Karlia minor 225Vanuxemella 221formation and localitj- 225sj-nonymj' 224labrosum, see Alokistocare.Lansing. Allamakee Coimty, Iowa, Upper Cambrian locality- 86 199Laotira camhria Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis 206Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana, Upper Cambrian locality130b 218
PAGEliliana, see Crepicephalus.Lingulella hayesi (Walcott), associated with Crepicephalus coosensis. . . . 206linnarssoni, see Alokistocare.Liostracus Angelin, related to Lonchocephalus 189Livingston, Coosa Valley, Floyd County, Georgia, Middle Cambrian local-ity 89X 178Loganellus, equivalent to Crepicephalus 202Lonchocephalus Owen, genus described 188compared with Saratogia calcifera 197comparison of species 1 88-189differs from other genera of Olenidas 191genotype, Lonchocephalus chippewacnsis Owen 189geographic distribution 189observations 189related to Liostracus Angelin 189synonym for Conocephalites 189synonymy 188appalachia, new species, described 190figured pi. 35, figs. 6, 6a-e 353compared with other species 189Saratogia 190formation and locality 190bunus, new species, described 190figured pi. 34, figs. 9, 9a 350compared with Lonchocephalus chippewacnsis, L. minor, andL. minutus 190other species 189formation and locality 190chippewacnsis Owen, described 190figured pi. 34, figs. 3, 30; pi. 37 250, 256associated species 256associated with Pagodia thea Walcott and Hyolithes primor-dialis Hall 250compared with Crepicephalus iowensis, Menomonia calyme-noides and Conocephalites [^Lonchocephalus]minor 191Lonchocephalus bunus 190Lonchocephalus minor 193Lonchocephalus minutus 193Lonchocephalus pholus 192, 194other species 189Saratogia 196Saratogia volux 198description mentioned 188formation and locaHty 192specimen in Geological Survey at Madison, Wisconsin 250synonymy 190fecundus, mentioned 189
Lonchocephalus—Continued. pagehamulus, mentioned i88referred to Saratogia 189minor (Shumard), described 192figured pi. 34, figs. 8, 9>a-b 250compared with Conocephalites (Monocephalus) globosus. ... 192Lonchocephalus bunus 190Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen 191, 193other species 189formation and locality I93original description 192synonymy 192minutus (Bradley), described I93figured pi. 34, figs. 4, 4a-g 250compared with Lonchocephalus bunus 190Lonchocephalus chippewaensis I93Lonchocephalus pholus I94other species 189formation and locality I94synonymy I93pholus, new species, described I94figured pi. 34, figs, i, la-b 250compared with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen.... 192, 194Lonchocephalus minutus and L. plena 194other species — 189formation and locality I94plena, new species, described I94figured pi. 34, figs. 2, 20 250compared with Lonchocephalus pholus I94other species 189formation and locality I9Ssospita, new species, described I95figured pi. 36, figs, i, la 254compared with other species 189formation and locaHty 19SLower Cambrian locaHties 4V, 5 J 222locality I2x 220localities 25, 26 182localities 36, 31a ". 205, 209locaHty 35c 174, 223locality 35m I74Lower Cambrian subfauna, new, publication 160Macrotoxus compared with Alokistocare 183Madison, Wisconsin, Geological Survey at; specimen of Lonchocephaluschippewaensis Owen 250Madison County, Montana, Upper Cambrian unnumbered locality 179magnispinus, see Crepicephalus.majus, see Acrocephalites. 'Malacostraca, Middle Cambrian, publication on 160Manchuria, Crepicephalus in ^ 203
PAGEManuels Brook, Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Middle Cambrianlocality i 224Manuels formation, Middle Cambrian locality i 224Marble River, New York, Upper Cambrian locality in 194Marine Mills, Washington County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality98a 198Maryville, Blount County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 173 196Maryville limestone, Upper Cambrian locality 107 205, 215, 216, 218Upper Cambrian locality 107c 178locality 119 205, 215. 218localities 117c, ii8a, 123b, 125, 125a, 126a 215locality 120 205, 215, 217locality 123a 100matutina, see Amphion.Meagher County, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality sf 185Upper Cambrian locaHty 1511 213, 214locality unnumbered 179Menocephalus salteri ? Rominger, synonymic reference ' 224Menomoyiia, new genus, described 161association 161compared with Alokistocare ? labrosum 185Calymene and Ptychoparia 162Millardia 164genotype, Conocephalites calymenoidcs 161geographic distribution 162observations 162referred to Menomonidse 161relation to Alokistocare ? labrosum 184-185stratigraphic range 162calymenoidcs (Whitfield), described 162figured pi. 26, figs. 4, 4a-d 234associated with Lonchocephalus chippczvaensis 256compared with Dresbachia 167Lonchocephalus chippcwacnsis Owen 191formation and locality 163synonymy 162Menomonidae, new family 161Menomonie. Dunn County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian localities 80,82a, 134 192Upper Cambrian locality 100 163, 167, 209Merostomata, publication on 160Micromitra alabamacnsis (Walcott), associated with Crepicephalus coos-ensis 206Micromitra (Iphidclla) pannula (White), associated with Vanuxemcllacontractu 222Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott, associated with Vamixcmellanortia 223Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Meros-tomata, publication 160
PAGEMiddle Cambrian locality i 224localities 4g, 1 12a 180localities sf, 58 185locality 14s 225localities i6d, 89X, 90, 95, lojd 178localities 31c, 52a, 540 187locality 35k 226locality 55s 188localities 74, 746 184locality 90X 178, 206locality 112 178, 180localities 141, 30911 181locality I59f 186Millard County, Utah, generic name Millardia from 164Millardia, new genus, described 163association 161compared with Dresbachia . 164, 167Menomonia 164genotype, Millardia semele Walcott 164, 166geographic distribution 164observations 164referred to Menomonid?e 161stratigraphic range 164avitas, new species, described 165figured pi. 28, figs. 5, 5a-c 238compared with Millardia optata 165formation and locality 165optata (Hall) , described 165figured pi. 28, figs. 4, 4a-/ 238compared with Dresbachia amata 167Millardia avitas 165Millardia semele 165, 166formation and locality ." 165semele, new species, described 166figured pi. 28, figs. 3, 30-0 238compared with Millardia optata 165, 166Minneiska, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 99 190Minnesota, Dresbachia in 167Lonchocephalus in 189Menomonia in, Upper Mississippi Valley 162Upper Cambrian locality 84 163, 165, 167, 192, 193, 209, 219Upper Cambrian locality 84a 167localities 97, 339g I99locality 98a ' 198locality 99 190locality 339^ I95minor, see Conocephalites, Karlia, Lonchocephalus, and Ptychoparia.minuta, see Ptychoparia.minutus, see Conocephalites, Lonchocephalus, and Ptychoparia.Moberg, Joh. Chr., acknowledgment 175II
PAGEMontana, Acrocephalites in 175Alokistocarc in 183Crepicephalus in 203Vanuxemella in 221Lower Cambrian localities 4v, 5 j 222Middle Cambrian locality 4g 180locality 5* 185locality 159* 186Upper Cambrian localities 4r, 358d 216locality 150b 218locality 1511 213, 214unnumbered locality 179Moore, E. F., name suggested by (footnote) 165Moore Canyon, Arizona, Upper Cambrian locality 358c 213Moss Agate Springs, Montana, Upper Cambrian locality 358d 216Mount Bosworth, British Columbia, Lower Cambrian locality 35c.... 174, 223Mount Delano, Park County, Montana, Upper Cambrian locality 4r near. . 216Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locality 14s 225Mount Washington, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrianlocality 78a 192, 198, 209Upper Cambrian locality 79d 214localities 98, 98X 192Mount Whyte, Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 35m 175Mount Whyte formation, Lower Cambrian localities 35c, 35m 174multisegmentiis, see Acrocephalites.Murphrees Valley, Blount County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality 16. . 218Upper Cambrian localities i6a, 89 214Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, type s^ci-men in % 179type specimen of Acrocephalites haynesi Walcott in 230Nevada, Alokistocare in 183Middle Cambrian locality 52a 187locality 58 185Lower Cambrian localities 30, 31a 205, 209Newfoundland, Karlia in 223Middle Cambrian locality i 224New York, Lonchocephalus in 189Saratogia in 195Upper Cambrian localities 76, 76a 197localities 77, 109, iioa, in, 136a 194Potsdam-Hoyt fauna, publication 160Nolichucky shale, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 15 178Upper Cambrian localities 103, 103a, 107a, 107b 171locahty io6a 170localities 1 1 7, 1 1 7c 172locality 124 170, 172locality 124a 172, 219locality 124b 219locality 173 196
PAGEnortia, see Vanuxemella.Noru'oodia, new genus, described i68association i6igenotype, Norzvoodia gracilis Walcott i68, 169geographic distribution 169observations 169stratigraphic range 169gracilis, new species, described 169figured pi. 2y, figs. 2, 2a-g 236compared with Norwoodia saffordi , 171Norwoodia simplex 171Norzvoodia tenera 170discussed 168, 169formation and locality 170observations 170ponderosa, new species, described 171figured pi. 28, figs, i, la-b 238compared with Norwoodia simplex and .V. saffordi 171formation and locality 171saffordi, new species, described 171figured pi. 27, figs, i, la-f 236compared with Norwoodia gracilis 171Norwoodia ponderosa 171Norwoodia simplex 171formation and locality 171simplex, new species, described 171figured pi. 27, figs. 3, 3a-b 236compared with Norwoodia gracilis and jV. saffordi 171Norwoodia ponderosa 171Norwoodia tenera 172discussed 168, 169formation and locality. ... 171tenera, new speecies, described 1 72figured pi. 28, figs. 2, 2a-g 238compared with Norwoodia gracilis 170Norwoodia simplex 172discussed 168, 169formation and locality 172Norwoodidas, new family, described 168compared with Ptychoparia, Calymenidje, and the Phacopinae. 168Notch Peak formation. Upper Cambrian locality 30W 227Nunkoweap Valley, Arizona, Middle Cambrian locality 74 184Obolus matinalis Hall, associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis. . .
.
256Obolus parvus Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223Obolus (JVestonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield), associated with Vanuxem-ella contracta 222Olenellus and other genera of the Mesonacidse, publication 160Olenellus rcticulatus Peach, compared with Wanneria walcottana(Wanner) 220
PAGEOlenellus {Holmia) walcottanus Wanner, synonymic reference 219Olenoides curticei Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis 206Olenopsis, Sardinian Cambrian genus in America, publication 160americanus Walcott, associated with Vanuxemdla contracta 222Opisthoparia Beecher, order named I73optata, see Millardia.Orr formation, Upper Cambrian localities 15J, I5t 185Upper Cambrian localities 3oh, 301, 30J 207Oryctocephalidse Beecher, family named 220Owen, Dr., description of Crepicephalus by 202Pagodia thea Walcott, associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis, 250, 256Paradoxides, compared with Crepicephalus texanus 212oelandicus zone, Sweden, Lonchocephalus from 189Parkers Quarry, Georgia, Franklin County, Vermont, Lower Cambrianlocality 25 182Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality I2x 220Middle Cambrian locality i07d 1/8Millardia in 164Upper Cambrian locality 107k 165Phacopinse, compared with Norwoodid?e 168pholus, see Lonchocephalus.Pilot Knob, Adams Countj', Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 99a. .. . 199Pioche formation. Lower Cambrian locality 31a 205, 209plena, see Lonchocephalus.pomona, see Alokistocare.ponderosa, see Norwoodia.Potatotop Hill, Burnet County, Texas, Upper Cambrian locality 67a 213Potsdam sandstone formation. Upper Cambrian localities 77, 109, iioa,III, 136a 194Poughkeepsie, New York, Upper Cambrian unnumbered locality near. ..
.
197Proparia Beecher, order named 161genera of, association 161prospectense, see Alokistocare.prospectensis, see Ptychoparia.Prospect Mountain, Eureka County, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locaHty52a 187Prospect Mountain formation. Middle Cambrian locality 52a 187Ptychoparia, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis 206associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223compared with Arrocephalites ? glomeratus 179Acrocephalites f majtis 180Crepicephalus 200Menomoma 162Norwoodidse 168Saratogia I95diademata (Hall), included by error with Saratogia wisconsrnsis(Owen) 251compared with Saratogia I95
INDEXPtychoparia—Continued. pagekochibei, compared with Saratogia 195( f ) Hmiarssoni Walcott, in synonymy 185minuta Walcott, in synonymy 193miniitiis Walcott, in synonymy 193f prospectensis Walcott, in synonymy 186striata (Emmrich), compared with Acrocephalites 175compared with Alokistocare althea and A. pomona 183subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield), in synonymy 187vulcanus (Billings) Walcott, in synonymy. 182sp., associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222(Crepicephalus) iowensis, in synonymy 208(Lonchocephalus) wisconsen'sis Walcott, in synonymy 199Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming, Upper Cambrian locality 340c 179Red Clay, Whitfield County, Georgia, Upper Cambrian locality 358f 215Reeds Landing, Lake Pepin, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 97.... 199River Junction, Houston County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 84a 167Rock Falls, Dunn County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 83a,163, 192, 209Roddy, H. Justin, acknowledgments 219, 258Rohrerstown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian localityI2X near .220Rome, Floyd County, Georgia, Upper Cambrian locality 96c near 170Upper Cambrian locality I38d near 172
saffordi, see Norwoodia.St. Croix Falls, Polk County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locaHty 82 ... . 192salteri, see Menocephalus.Saratoga Springs, New York, Upper Cambrian localities 76 and 76a near 197Saratogia, new genus, described 195compared with Crepicephalus iowensis Owen, Ptychopariadiademata, and P. kochibei 195Lonchocephalus appalachia 190Lonchocephalus chippewacnsis 196Ptychoparia , - 19Sgenotype, Conocephalites calciferus Walcott 195observations 195species listed 196compared 195-196stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195arses, new species, described 196figured pi. 35, figs. 4, ^a-b 252compared with Saratogia aruno and 6". wisconsensis 196formation and locaHty 196listed 196aruno, new species, described 196figured pi. 35, figs. 5, sa-b 252compared with Saratogia arses 196Saratogia wisconsensis 196listed 196
Saratogia—Continued. pagecalcifera (Walcott), described 197figured pi. 34, figs. 6, 6a-e 250compared with Lonchocephahis 197Saratogia wisconsensis 199formation and locality 197listed 196stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195surface 195hamulus (Owen), compared with Saratogia wisconsensis 199included by error with Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) 251listed 196probable occurrence in Yellowstone National Park 196stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195hera, new species, described 197figured pi. 35, figs. 3, 3ab 252compared with Saratogia wisconsensis and Conaspis shumardi 197formation and locality 198listed 196stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195tellus, listed 196volux, new species, described 198figured pi. 35, figs. 2, 20 252compared with Lonchocephahis chippewacnsis and Saratogia7visconsensis 198formation and locality 198listed 196stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195wisconsensis (Owen), described 198figured pi. 34, figs. 5, Sa-c 250compared with Saratogia arses 196Saratogia aruno 196Saratogia calcifera and 5. hamulus 199Saratogia hera 197Saratogia volux 198formation and locality 199listed 196mentioned 195stratigraphic range and geographic distribution 195synonymy 198Sardinian Cambrian genus Olenopsis in America, publication 160Schizambon typicalis Walcott, associated with Tsinania cleora 227semele, see Millardia.Secret Canyon shale, limestone in, Eureka County, Nevada, Middle Cam-brian locality 58 185Shantung, China, Crepicephalus in 203Saratogia in 195Shumard, Dr., description of Crepicephalus texanus cited 210simplex, see Norwoodia.Sixteen Mile Canyon, Aleagher County, Montana, Middle Cambrianlocality I59f 186
PAGESolenopleura-Vike forms, associated with Tsinania cleora Walcott 227Solenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin, in synonymy 181sospita, see Lonchocephalus.stator, see Agraulos.stenometopa, see Acroccphalites and Solenopleura.stenometopus, see Acroccphalites.Stephen formation, Middle Cambrian locality 14s 225Burgess shale member, Middle Cambrian locality 35k 226stephenensis, see Karlia and Menocephalus.subcoronata, see Ptychoparia.subcoronatum, see Alokistocare.subcoronatus, see Conocephalites.Sweden, Acroccphalites in 175Middle Cambrian locality 30911 181Tapeats sandstone. Middle Cambrian locality 74 184tenera, see Norwoodia.Tennessee, Norwoodia in 169Saratogia in 195Upper Cambrian localities 15, 107c 178locality 107 205, 215, 216, 218localities 103, 103a, 107a, 107b 171locaHty io6a 170localities 117, 124a 172locality 1 17c 172, 215localities ii8a, 123b, 125, 125a, 126a 215locality 119 205, 215, 218locality 120 205, 215, 217locality 123a 190locality 124 170, 172locality 128 197locality 173 196texanus see Arionellus {Bathyurus) and Crepicephalus.Texas, Crepicephalus in 203Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard), type specimen from 209Upper Cambrian localities I4d, 67a 213thoosa, see Crepicephalus.ticida, see Alokistocare.Trempealeau, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 838 199Upper Cambrian locality 83* 163, 209Trilobita, Middle Cambrian, publication on 160Trilobites, Cambrian, publications on 160tripunctatus, see Crepicephalus.Tsinania Walcott, genus described 227synonymy 227genotype, Illcenurus canens (Walcott) 227canens, allied to Tsinania elongata 228compared with Tsinania cleora. , 227
Tsinania—Continued. pagecleora Walcott, described 227figured pi. 36, figs. 9, ga-c 254associated with Agraulos and Solenopleura-Vikt forms 227with brachiopods 227compared with Tsinania canens and Illcenurus quadratus . . . . 227formation and locaHty 227synonymy 227elongata, new species, described 228figured pi. 36, figs. 10, loa 228alHed to Tsinania catiens 228associated with Dikelocephalus dalyi Walcott 228formation and locality 228tumidus, see Crepicephalus.tutus, see Acrocephalites.
unca, see Crepicephalus.unzia, see Crepicephalus.upis, see Crepicephalus.Upper Cambrian, Weeks formation referred to 161localities 4r, 358d 216localities I4d, 67a, 151b, 358c 213localities 14V, 3oh, 301, 30J 207localities 15, 107c, 358e 178localities 15J, I5t 185localities 16, 91, 119, 150b 218localities i6a, 79d, 796, 89, 139a 214locaHties 3011, 300 166, 172, 180, 194, 207localities 30 o, 339^ 195locality 30W 227localities 76, 76a, 128 197localities 77, 109, iioa, iii, 136a 194locality 78a 163, 167, 192, 198, 209locality 79 167, 199, 217localities 79c, looa, 107k 165locality 796 217locality 79X 167, 193, 209localities 80, 82, 82a, 83a, 98X, lOoa, 134 192localities 838, 86c, 97, 99a, 1516, 339g 199locality 83* 163, 209locality 83a 163, 192, 209locahty 84 163, 165, 167, 192, 193, 209, 218locahties 84a, 98X 167locality 90a 170, 171, 213locality 91 170, 171, 213, 215localities 92X, 92XX, 96c, io6a, 124, 145 170locality 98 163, 192, 209locality 98a 198locaHties 98X, looa 209localities 99, 123a, 139a 190
Upper Cambrian—Continued. pagelocality lOO 163, 167, 209localities 103, 103a, 107a, 107b .-. . 171locality 107 205, 215, 216, 218localities 117, 124, 138, i38d 172locality 117c 172, 215localities Ii8a, 119a, 123b, 125, 125a, 126a, 145a, 358f 215locality 119 205, 215locality 120 205, 215, 217locality 124a 172, 219locality 124b 219locality I5ii 213, 214locality 173 196locality 340C I79locality 346e 228locality 358e i/O, 215locality unnumbered I79Utah, Acrocephalites in I75Alokistocare in 183Crepicephalus in 203Lonchocephalus in 189Middle Cambrian localities 31c, 540 187locality 55s 188Millardia in 164Norwoodia in 169Upper Cambrian localities 14V, 3oh, 301 207localities 15J, iSt 185localities 3on, 300 166, 172, 180, 194, 207locality 30 o I95locality 30W 227Ute limestone, Middle Cambrian localities 31c, 54 o 187Ute Peak, Utah, Alokistocare subcoronatum from 187Vanuxem, Lardner, generic name in memory of 221Vanuxemella, new genus, described 220compared with Albertella and Karlia stephenensis Walcott. . 221genotype, Vanuxemella contracta, new species 220geographic distribution 221observations 221second species, Vanuxemella nortia, new species 220stratigraphic range 220contracta, new species, described 221figured pi. 36, figs. 4, 4a 254associated fauna listed 222compared with Vanuxemella nortia 222dimensions 221-222formation and locality 222genotype 220observations 222
Vanuxemella—Continued. pagenortia new species, described 222figured pi. 36, fig. 5 254associated fauna, listed 223compared with Vanuxemella contracta 222formation and locality 223second species 220type of associated fauna, listed 222Vermont, Acrocephalites in i/SLower Cambrian localities 25, 26 182Vestergotland, Sweden, Middle Cambrian locality 309" 181Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, type specimen in 228type specimen of Tsinania elongata in 228Virginia, Crepicephalus in 203Upper Cambrian locality 119a 215localities 124a, 124b 219volux, see Saratogia.vulcanus, see Acrocephalites, Conocephalites and Ptychoparia.
walcottana, see Wanneria.walcottanus, see Olenellus (Holmia) and Wanneria.Wanneria Walcott, genus named 219synonymy 219walcottana (Wanner), described 219figured pi. 38, figs, i, 2 258compared with Olenellus reticulatus Peach 220formation and locality 220synonymy 219walcottanus Walcott, ssmonymic reference 219Wasatch Range, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities 31c, 54 o 187Washington County, Virginia, Upper Cambrian locality 119a 215Weeks Canyon, House Range, Utah, Upper Cambrian localities 14V, 3oh,301, 30J 207Upper Cambrian locaHties 3on, 30 o 166, 172, 194, 207Weeks formation, change in stratigraphic position 161referred to Upper Cambrian 161Upper Cambrian localities 14V 207localities 3011, 30 o 166, 172, 180, 194, 207locality 30 o 195Weidman, Samuel, acknowledgments 191specimen collected by 250Whitehall, Washington County, New York, Upper Cambrian locality iioa 194Whitfield, diagnosis of Crepicephalus 202Willow River Falls, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrianlocality 79c 165Upper Cambrian locality 796 217Wimanella simplex Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta 222associated with Vanuxemella nortia 223Winona, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 3392 199Upper Cambrian locality 339k I95wisconsensis, see Saratogia.
PAGEWisconsin, Crcpicephalus in 203Dresbachia in 167Lonchocephalus in 189Menomonia in 162Millardia in 164Saratogia in I95Upper Cambrian locality 78a 163, 167, 192, 198, 209locality 79 167, 199, 217localities 79c, looa 165locality 79d 214locality 79e 214, 217locality 79X 167, 193, 209localities 80, 82, 82a, 84, 134 192localities 838, 99a I99locality 83a 163, 192, 209locality 83* 163, 209locality 98 163, 192, 209locality 98X 167, 192, 209locality 100 163, 167, 209locality lOOa 192, 209Wolsey shale, limestone in, Meagher County, Montana, Middle Cambrianlocality 5^ 185Middle Cambrian locality 4% •' ^^°locality 159* ^^6Wyoming, Crcpicephalus in 203Upper Cambrian locaHty 151b 213locaHty isie I99locality 340C I79Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Upper Cambrian locality 151b. ... 213Upper Cambrian locality I5ie I99