List of Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador (Version 2.0) BENJAMIN C. VICTOR Ocean Science Foundation, 4051 Glenwood, Irvine, CA 92604, USA Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-9585 E-mail: ben@coralreeffish.com JACK STEIN GROVE East Pacific Corridor Alliance Foundation, 166 Peace Ave., Tavernier, FL 33070, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-2931 E-mail: jgrove@epcafoundation.org DOUGLAS J. LONG Research Associate, Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., San Francisco, CA 94118, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-8040 E-mail: dlong@calacademy.org D. ROSS ROBERTSON Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-149X E-mail: RobertsonDR@si.edu INTI KEITH Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-833X E-mail: inti.keith@fcdarwin.org.ec WILLIAM BENSTED-SMITH Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6848-7594 E-mail: billy.benstedsmith@fcdarwin.org.ec PELAYO SALINAS-DE-LEÓN Estación Científica Charles Darwin (ECCD), Avenida Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Islas Galápagos, Ecuador Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-8373 E-mail: pelayo.salinas@fcdarwin.org.ec Citation: Victor, B.C., Grove, J.S., Long, D.J., Robertson, D.R., Keith, I., Bensted-Smith, W. & Salinas-de-León, P. (2024) List of Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador (Version 2.0). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 41, 54–111. Key words: ichthyology, taxonomy, coral reef fishes, tropical, eastern Pacific Ocean, biogeography, ichthyofauna, EPCA Foundation, eastern Pacific Corridor doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14057695 54 Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 41, 54–111 (2024) Introduction In preparation for the revised new edition of the 1997 book “The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands” by Jack Stein Grove and Robert J. Lavenberg, to be published next year by the EPCA, the East Pacific Corridor Alliance Foundation (www.epcafoundation.org), we have been reviewing literature and museum records and obtaining additional underwater photographs and specimens. A recent expedition sponsored by the EPCA in May 2024 conducted widespread surveys, and, in particular, intensive underwater photography and collecting for tissues for DNA sequencing (targeting cryptobenthic species, new records or species, and unresolved taxa). The fish species list published by us in Grove et al. (2022) is thus here updated, with a number of changes, mostly species added (usually deeper or mesopelagic species), but some species subtracted when we conclude evidence is lacking for inclusion, applying strict scientific criteria (see below). The total number of species listed is up to 683 from 644, the number of families is increased by 18 families to 178 (mostly added mesopelagic or deepwater families, a few taxonomic adjustments, and three removed). Our updated list of fishes known to occur on and around the Archipelago are listed in Table 1 (in taxonomic order) and Table 2 (in family alphabetical order). We define the area as that encompassed by the Ecuadorean EEZ limits around the Galapagos Archipelago (Fig. 1), which extend well beyond the boundaries of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (Reserva Marina de Galápagos) and also include the new Reserva Marina Hermandad in the waters between Galapagos and the border of the Costa Rican EEZ limits around Cocos Island. The area covered includes the islands and adjoining shelf slope down to and including the abyssal region and the seamounts. The present list includes 683 species of fishes, with 60 in Chondrichthyes (in 28 families) and 614 bony fishes (in 151 families), plus 8 hagfishes (Myxiniformes) and one cephalochordate (note Grove et al. (2022) Figure 1. The bathymetric map of the Galapagos Archipelago and environs in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, showing the Ecuadorean Galapagos EEZ boundary ring. The orange diamond is the location of the larval collection from Victor (in press). 55 reported 56 chondrichthyans, but 61 (and 8 hagfishes) were in their list). Of the total, 77 are considered vagrants (3 chondrichthyans), many of which are Indo-Pacific coral-reef species that are sporadic, or even single, records. There are 67 documented endemic species (7 chondrichthyan species; 30 families of which 4 are chondrichthyans), about half deeper-water, benthic-associated species and the remainder mostly reef species with relatively short larval lives, such as blennioids, dactyloscopids, gobioids, and haemulids. For broad habitat categories, there are 260 shallow resident shorefishes (in 79 families) and 65 shallow shorefish vagrants (in 34 families, of which 7 are only vagrant: plus 12 non-shallow-shorefish vagrants); then 28 resident nearshore pelagics (Carangidae and Coryphaenidae); 121 deepwater non-pelagics (46 families); 96 offshore pelagics (38 families); and 112 mesopelagic species (30 families). Methods We evaluate whether each species comprises a resident population or can be considered a vagrant, defined as a species present as isolated individual(s) and likely not to be a self-recruiting population. Many offshore pelagic and deeper-water and mesopelagic species have few collection records, but are likely widespread in the region (often confirmed by deep ROV and submersible surveys), thus they are presumed to be residents. A few species are periodic residents, such as the Red-Shoulder Wrasse Stethojulis bandanensis, which can arrive in large numbers during the ENSO period and then subsequently dwindle and become rare (Victor et al. 2001). We consider species that are limited to the Galapagos region as endemics, notwithstanding vagrant reports at adjacent areas. If there is a likely self-sustaining population of the species on any of the other offshore islands or mainland Ecuador or Peru (for cooler-water species), the species is not considered endemic to Galapagos. This definition reduces the endemism percentages cited in prior literature, some of which included “insular endemics” (to other offshore islands). Further reducing the endemism rate are some cooler-water fishes more recently found to be part of the mainland Ecuadorean and Peruvian fauna. To clarify our criteria for inclusion, only species for which there are confirmed specimens in museums or diagnostic underwater or fresh photographs the authors have evaluated, are accepted for the list. Some uncertain identifications in museums have not yet been examined, but presently have no reason to be rejected, and they are included pending additional documentation. Isolated, juvenile, or solely photographic records of species outside their established ranges are subject to extra scrutiny before accepting their validity. Cases where there are observations only, even if by experienced observers, are not included, such as Sphyrna mokarran. Due to the discovery of larvae of dozens of continental shorefish species in plankton-net collections from over the Rose Garden hydrothermal vents on the Galapagos Ridge (Victor, in press), a site on the EEZ boundary surrounding the archipelago (Fig. 1), records that are only from pelagic larvae or pelagic juveniles are not included. Another example, a giant larva (> 5cm) of the flatfish Cyclopsetta querna, was recently photographed passing in the plankton at Kicker Rock, off Cristobal (Alex Hearn, pers. comm.), yet it is a soft-bottom species never recorded in Galapagos. Another example is the especially large larva of Symphurus melanurus (at 36.6 mm SL) collected within the EEZ in waters over the Galapagos Ridge. The species does not occur in Galapagos and Munroe & Krabbenhoft (2010) considered it an expatriated larva from a continental source, a similar situation to the large set of shorefish larvae advected from the continental coast documented in Victor (in press). In contrast, late larvae and juveniles collected at lights at night over inshore waters potentially would be considered valid records, since these fishes usually show signs of being in the process of settlement, or are local inshore pelagic species. If there is a definite species entity present, documented, but only identifiable to genus, it is considered sp.; if a new species with a specimen confirmed by the authors to have diagnostic features and awaiting description, then it is n. sp. Suspected additional species without agreed-upon diagnostic characters and confirmed specimens are not included as “sp. A”, sp. B”, or “sp. 1”, despite being accepted in other published and unpublished species lists, due to the inevitable progressive inflation of species numbers by additional observers with varying degrees of expertise and confidence. In addition to our own and colleagues’ observations, collections, DNA sequences, and photographs, we critically evaluate the published literature and online sources of museum records (www.gbif.org; www.obis.org; www.fishnet2.net; www.fishbase.net; www.vertnet.org); Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes at https://researcharchive. 56 calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024); Robertson & Allen’s (2024) guide Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (SFTEP) at https://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/sftep/ en/pages; databases of DNA-sequence records (BOLD; www.boldsystems.org; GenBank: www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov); and online sources of photographic evidence, such as www.inaturalist.org, and a variety of commercial photography platforms. Endemism The Galapagos fish fauna has been of special interest for studies of endemism on islated island groups, a key aspect of biogeography. A variety of features play a role in developing endemism among marine fishes, primarily the degree of isolation, by currents, delivery mechanisms, or distance from potential source populations, all interacting with the inherent dispersal ability of the species. Dispersal ability is affected by a number of factors, including whether eggs are benthic or released to be fertilized in the water column and subject to travel with currents. Among chondricthyan fishes, there is internal fertilization and either benthic development in egg cases or birth of competent juveniles. In bony fishes, almost all species have larvae that become pelagic after the hatching of benthic eggs or broadcast spawning; a few release developed larvae who are subsequently pelagic, and some groups have eggs, larvae and juveniles that stay near the bottom without a pelagic stage and are limited to the continental margins. For pelagic stages, dispersal ability is determined by the maximum potential length of the pelagic larval or juvenile duration (with or without association with flotsam); and the swimming ability and behavior of pelagic stages (Leis 2015). The rates of island endemism are calculated with varying numerators and denominators by various authors. Some are not strict on endemism, including offshore island endemics (insular endemics), i.e. those species that also occur on Cocos Island and/or Malpelo. On the other hand, one could allow any vagrant appearance of a Galapagos fish species at the mainland to end its endemic classification. The former inflates the rate of endemism and the latter not only reduces endemism rates, but makes the estimate unstable, as vagrants inevitably occur and the endemism percentage would decrease steadily over time. TABLE A Percentage endemic species for a variety of fish faunal categories (NUM is total count of species and END is the number of endemics in that category) Category code ALL FISHES Osteichthys Chondrichthys Chondrichthys+ Myxiniformes NUM END % NUM END % NUM END % NUM END % all fishes total 683 67 9.8 614 52 8.5 60 7 11.7 68 15 22.1 all resident fishes resident total 606 67 11.1 540 52 9.6 57 7 12.3 65 15 23.1 fishes (minus mesopelagics) total-mid 572 67 11.7 503 52 10.3 60 7 11.7 68 15 22.1 resident fishes (minus mesopelagics) res total-mid 495 67 13.5 429 52 12.1 57 7 12.3 65 15 23.1 shallow reef shorefishes ss RV 325 36 11.1 319 36 11.3 7 7 resident shallow reef shorefishes ss res 260 36 13.8 254 36 14.2 7 7 shallow inshore fishes * ss np RV 353 36 10.2 347 36 10.4 7 7 resident shallow inshore fishes ss np res 283 36 12.7 277 36 13.0 7 7 shallow fishes in & offshore ss np op RV 449 36 8.0 413 36 8.73 35 35 resident shallow fishes in & offshore ss np op res 374 36 9.6 342 36 10.5 32 32 shallow & deep inshore fishes ss np d RV 476 67 14.1 436 52 11.9 31 7 22.6 39 15 38.5 resident shallow & deep inshorefishes ss np d res 404 67 16.6 365 52 14.2 31 7 22.6 39 15 38.5 * shallow inshore fishes incude shallow shorefishes plus nearshore pelagics (carangids & Coryphaena) 57 As for the denominator, there are many ways to add up the total fauna, and various authors use different sets of fishes, and sometimes unstated. If one includes vagrants, the rate of endemism decreases as new vagrant detections accumulate. Adding in offshore pelagic species, or especially the many mesopelagic fishes, also sharply reduces the estimate of endemism rate, since those categories contribute few to no endemic species. Rather than pick a number, we have tried to apportion out the sources of variation and allow for more precise comparisons to other published endemism rates. We present the varying estimates in Table A. The overall rate of fish fauna endemism is around 10–15%; specifically 11.1% for shallow non-pelagic shorefishes (13.8% without vagrants). Most authors include nearshore pelagics with the shallow shorefishes, in that case the rate is 10.2% (12.7% without vagrants). Including deeper-water shorefishes, raises the rate to 14.1% (16.6% without vagrants). Adding in offshore pelagic groups along with shallow shorefishes drops the rate to 8.0% (9.6% without vagrants). The chondrichthyan fishes have a higher rate of endemism, up to 22.6% among inshore species, dropping in half when the many pelagic elasmobranchs are included. The set of 8 endemic hagfishes pushes the inshore non- osteichthyan endemism rate up to 38.5%. Published rates of endemism for the Galapagos begin with Rosenblatt & Walker (1963), where they arrive at a particularly high 23% endemism of “shore fishes”, and then later in the article, 18% of “the species”. They do not explain what categories are included. McCosker & Rosenblatt (1984) estimated 51 endemic species from the shorefish plus nearshore pelagic category, but said 7 are also at Cocos or Malpelo, leaving 44 out of 306 total or 14.38%. Their category is closest to our “shallow and deep inshore fishes” in Table A, which includes our nearshore pelagics, where we enumerate 67 endemics out of 476 species (including vagrants), with a quite similar rate of 14.1%. Grove & Lavenberg (1997) make an estimate of 9.4% endemics (41 of 437 species) with a somewhat different combination of categories, but subtracting 13 species of flyingfishes in the denominator, the 9.7% approaches the broad estimate of 10% endemism. McCosker (1998) updated his numbers to 73 true endemics of 526 species of the “ichthyofauna”, with no further categorization, yielding an estimate of 13.88% endemism (also unclear if vagrants are included and which non-reef species are included), and he then broadly estimates the endemism rate of the shorefishes as 14–16%. McCosker & Rosenblatt (2010) update their estimates to 75 endemics (described as nearshore and deep slope) out of 550 species total (defined as all fishes not including mesopelagics) and calculate 13.6% endemism. Our matching estimate has fewer endemics at 67 from 572, yielding 11.7% endemism. They also calculate a category with 505 species total (excluding vagrants, mesopelagics, scombrids, echeneids, and exocoetids), and get 14.8% endemism. Our total excluding vagrants and mesopelagics is 494 species, and then excluding offshore pelagics, 403 species; if excluding offshore as only scombrids (10), echeneids (6), and exocoetids (10), we have 468 species with 14.3% endemism. Tables We present a variety of tables to optimize interpretations, for each species the family is also listed and then whether a resident, an endemic resident, or a vagrant: Table 1 is the updated known species list in taxonomic order (following Catalog of Fishes order). Table 2 is the same list in family alphabetical order. Table 3 is the list of endemics (67 spp.). Table 4 is the list of vagrants (76 spp.) Table 5 begins with the practical species list for shallow resident shorefishes (260 spp.), then nearshore pelagics (28 spp.), these two groups comprise the species to be expected to be observed by scuba divers. Table 6 is deepwater non-pelagic fishes (123 spp.), Table 7 is offshore pelagic species (95 spp.), Table 8 is mesopelagic species (111 spp.). Table 9 is the table from Grove et al. (2022), retaining the original list on each original page, with bold font indicating added species (binomial), spelling corrections, changes in status, or updated taxonomy, and bold with a strike-through for species subtracted. 58 Notes on changes to the Grove et al. (2022) list Additions or replacements (Spelling corrections and simple species additions based on more recently reviewed museum records are not listed. Note that shallow-water rare or uncommon records are added as vagrants, while deeper-water fishes, typically difficult to survey or document, are usually considered residents.) Branchiostomatidae is added since these cephalochordates are often included in lists of fishes and can be collected along with fishes along shallow shores. Carcharodon carcharias is added to the list as a vagrant based on the recent documentation of a white shark at a fish aggregating device baited with sperm whale, adrift off Wolf, at the edge of the Marine Reserve, well within the EEZ (Salinas-de-León et al. 2024). A white shark had reportedly been observed underwater by Jonathan Green at Playa Escondida on Santa Fe in 1991, but no photographs were obtained to confirm the identification (Grove & Lavenberg 1997). In addition, a tooth morphologically matching C. carcharias was found by author JSG on a beach at Urvina Bay, Isabela (Todd & Grove 2010). The tooth bears signs of the type of erosion from rolling in sand, so it was either a naturally and recently-deposited shed tooth, or it possibly could have eroded out of earlier Holocene or Pleistocene sediments known from Isabela (the tooth currently cannot be located in the CDF collections). Aetobatus ocellatus replaces Aetobatus laticeps based on a genetic study that found Galapagos specimens’ sequences of cyt-b match the Indo-Pacific population of A. ocellatus and not the California type population of A. laticeps (Diana Pazmino, pers. comm). It may replace A. laticeps in Galapagos, Cocos, and Malpelo, however it is possible both species occur in the archipelago. Hydrolagus melanophasma is added to the list based on a photograph obtained by author PSdL and it also appeared in recent video from an ROV in the “Hydrothermal Vents of the Western Galapagos” project. Gymnothorax porphyreus is added to the list since it was recently photographed on Fernandina by author WBS, Carol Cox, and Frank Krasovec on the 2024 EPCA Foundation photographic survey. The species is found in Peru, but has not been seen previously or collected in Galapagos, despite the fact it is a large and distinctively marked moray, thus we consider it a vagrant. Described from the Juan Fernandez Islands off Chile, it is unclear which population of this complex is the true G. porphyreus: the mtDNA barcode database reveals that there is an Easter Island lineage 4% divergent from a Peruvian lineage (equidistant from the type location), with an additional New Zealand lineage about 3% away (also labeled G. porphyreus). Thus the Peruvian lineage, nearest to Galapagos, may or may not represent true G. porphyreus. Bascanichthys bascanoides is added since it was recently photographed by Carlos Estape at Floreana on the 2024 EPCA Foundation photographic survey. This genus of snake eel typically buries in sand and they are rarely observed even when common (e.g. off Florida), thus a photograph in Galapagos likely means a resident population. Bathytroctes macrolepis is added due to the record MCZ 50743, within the EEZ, of Bathytroctes alvifrons Garman, 1899, now considered a junior synonym of B. macrolepis; it replaces B. microlepis which is also present in the TEP (Robertson et al. 2017) but not confirmed in the Galapagos. Maurolicus breviculus Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993, described from the open ocean midway between Galapagos and Ecuador, falls within a widespread Indo-Pacific clade 4C when DNA-sequenced in the phylogenetic study by Rees et al. (2020). The clade contains a set of species likely oversplit taxonomically, and accordingly it is synonymized with M. australis Hector, 1875 (described from New Zealand, and the senior synonym), along with Chilean M. parvipinnis Vaillant, 1888; Japanese M. japonicus Ishikawa, 1915; and South African M. walvisensis Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993. M. australis replaces the record of M. amethystinopunctatus, which is an Atlantic species and in a different clade. 59 Astronesthes galapagensis Parin, Borodulina & Hulley, 1999 replaces A. boulengerie Gilchrist, 1982, described as the TEP sister species of from South Africa. Four additional Astronesthes species occur in waters around Galapagos and are added to the list (Parin & Borodulina 2003), replacing A. martensii which is from the Indian Ocean. Aulopus chirichignoae was described recently from Peru (Bearez et al. 2024) and replaces the listing of the northern sister species, A. bajacali from Baja California. The mtDNA sequence from SIO 02-68 from the Paramount Seamounts near Galapagos (GenBank EU366559) matches the Peruvian sequences, and that lineage is 2.65% from the Baja California lineage of A. bajacali. Desmodema polystictum is added to the list, identified from a recent photograph of the characteristic polka-dotted juvenile at Isabela in 2021 by Carlos Palma, referred by Alex Hearn. Regalecus russellii is added to the list, identified from a 2022 video referred by Alex Hearn, from fishermen off Santiago showing a giant oarfish on the boat, with the diagnostic features of a length of about 3 m, a mostly uniform body width, and rounded spots. Cataetyx rubirostris Gilbert, 1890, known from Oregon to Chile, is added to the list based on SIO 90-69 from the Galapagos, the taxonomic status of the specimen needs to be confirmed. Paracaristius sp. is added here for juvenile records of this genus in the region since recent reports indicate that both P. nudarcus and P. maderensis are present in the TEP, and identifications from juveniles are difficult (Angulo et al. 2014). Evorthodus minutus, a brackish and freshwater goby from the continental coastline, is added to the list as a vagrant based on a single adult collected from a tidepool in Academy Bay, Santa Cruz, during the Templeton Crocker Expedition in 1932 (Valencia-Mendez, Catania & López-Pérez 2019). Although they discussed stepping- stone travel from island to island and ballast water as dispersal mechanisms, Victor (in press) collected and mtDNA-sequenced numerous pelagic larvae of continental brackish and freshwater gobioids at a site over the Galapagos Ridge near the EEZ boundary, including Evorthodus minutus, Erotelis armiger, Gobiomorus maculatus, and Sicydium spp., all presumably being advected from the Central American coastline. Sphyraena stellata was recently described by Morishita & Motomura (2020) as the striped barracuda from the central Pacific; on the list it replaces S. helleri, the relative that is endemic to Hawaii. A population of S. stellata apparently occurs infrequently in Galapagos, where they have been photographed over multiple years at Wolf (a video transect in 2015 and recently by author WBS), as well as at Baltra (iNaturalist photograph). The identification is based on the similar appearance, i.e. a blue upper midlateral stripe overlying yellow and/or darker stripes along the flanks. Note that the local S. idiastes has a yellow stripe, but it is midlateral, brighter anteriorly where it extends onto the head, and not accompanied by dark stripes on the flanks (also note juveniles of all barracudas can have dark stripes). Despite being infrequently encountered, photographs and videos show these barracudas swimming in schools, thus qualifying the population in the archipelago as resident (Mossbrucker et al. 2023). Polydactylus approximans is added since it does reach the archipelago as vagrants on occasion. Two adults have been collected, both on Santa Cruz, CDRS 11459 in 1963 and CDRS 10711 in 2012. Two older records, at both SIO and LACM, refer to samples brought to the museum(s) by J. Mershon, who spent time on a tuna clipper between the continent and Galapagos, thus the provenance of the fish is not known. A 15-mm pelagic juvenile of this species was collected and mtDNA-sequenced from a site over the Galapagos Ridge (Victor, in press). Decapterus macarellus is added based on recent photographs by Allison Morgan Estape and Carlos J. Estape on Pinta during the 2024 EPCA Foundation photographic survey showing the diagnostic all-yellow tail and mid- lateral bright blue stripe. The species is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans and thus would be expected in Galapagos as well. Scartichthys gigas is added as a vagrant since it has been observed sporadically in Galapagos, with a photograph from San Cristobal in the first edition of the guide by Humann & DeLoach (1993) labeled as the Blackstriped Blenny “a possibly undescribed species”, but left out of the later edition. Author WBS has also photographed the species on Floreana. The species is a vagrant arriving from its native range in Peru and Chile. Lutjanus colorado is added as a vagrant based on a photograph of a single adult from the mangroves on Isabela 60 in 2014 by David Acuña-Marrero (Mossbrucker et al. 2023). Diplectrum spp. have been documented in Galapagos, in small numbers, under a variety of names and with an abundance of confusion. Only two species are confirmed. One is added to the list, Diplectrum rostrum, from Tagus Cove (FMNH 41433), it was identified in the review of the genus by Bortone (1977). In addition, the mtDNA barcode of a specimen collected by BCV from Tagus Cove in June 1999 matched D. rostrum from Baja California. Interestingly, the only place Diplectrum were found in the EPCA Foundation photographic survey was also Tagus Cove, and there were several documented. The second species is a single record of two small Diplectrum eumelum, confirmed by BCV in SIO 15-1254: with no apparent resident population, it is included in the list as vagrant. The other species that have been listed for Galapagos are removed from the list, see below under subtractions. Sebastolobus altivelis is added to the list based on a photograph of a deep scorpionfish at the Paramount Seamount along the Cocos Ridge (within the Ecuadorean EEZ) from the NOAA Galápagos Rift Expedition in 2011. This temperate-zone genus has only recently been documented in the TEP, when Robertson et al. (2017) collected a specimen off Costa Rica, extending the known range southwards by almost 3,000 km. That specimen was DNA-barcoded and it matched to the lineage of Sebastolobus altivelis from California. Based on that, we assign the species photographed at Paramount Seamount to S. altivelis. We consider it a resident since these deepwater scorpionfish are difficult to find and recognize and likely occur more widely. Kyphosus cinerascens is added to the list as a vagrant based on a recent photograph by Carlos Estape from Wolf. The identification is confirmed by Kendall Clements (pers. comm.). Kyphosus sectatrix is added to the list as a resident based on a series of recent photographs by WBS from Floreana, Darwin (as a partial xanthic morph) and three individuals together at Marchena; by Allison M. Estape at Floreana and Baltra; the identifications are confirmed by Kendall Clements (pers. comm.). Since few people are able to identify these species, they are likely well undercounted. Lobotes pacifica is added to the list as a vagrant based on a recent photograph by David Acuña-Marrero of adults at a buoy at Wolf (Mossbrucker et al. 2023). Naso hexacanthus is added to the list as a vagrant based on a recent photograph from Floreana; author IK notes the species has been observed previously at Darwin and Floreana during ENSO periods. Lactoria diaphana is added to the list as a vagrant based on a single 82-mm specimen collected at a nightlight in Tagus Cove in 1967 (SIO 15-2501). This species is exceptional in that adults can be pelagic and most specimens are collected in offshore waters or from stomachs of pelagic predators. While frequent in the northern part of the TEP, this is the only specimen from Galapagos or the wider central or southern TEP. Aluterus monoceros is added to the list as a vagrant based on recent photographs from Genovesa by Greg Estes (pers. comm.) and from Bartolome by Sylvain Le Bris on iNaturalist. Subtractions Sphyrna mokarran may have been seen once underwater, by Robert Lavenberg (Grove & Lavenberg 1997), however no photographs were taken and no other divers at the time made a similar observation, nor have there been any observations since. It is removed from the list. Sphyrna tiburo has been previously listed as a Galapagos species, however, we have found no current or historical evidence of the species in the Galapagos and it is removed from the list. A recent genetic study (Aroca, Tavera & Torres 2022) resurrected the name Sphyrna vespertina, previously considered an eastern Pacific subspecies of S. tiburo. The COI mtDNA sequence of a Peruvian S. vespertina is 1.16% divergent from Atlantic S. tiburo. Chimaera sp. is removed from the list, there are no records or photographs. Bathycongrus n. sp. is removed from the list; it has been proposed, but does not have diagnostic criteria at present. Chiloconger dentatus (Garman, 1899) has been collected as leptocephalus larvae over the Galapagos Ridge and DNA-barcoded (Victor, in press); there were 20 larvae 43–158 mm SL, but no benthic specimens have been collected within the EEZ. The species is removed from the list, even though it is very likely to be found in deepwater collections or videos. Gnathophis cinctus (Garman, 1899) has not been identified from any non-larval specimen in the area, and therefore 61 is removed from the list, even though it is very likely to be found in deepwater collections or videos. Notably, the holotype of the species is a leptocephalus larva (MCZ 28428) collected by Garman in the Galapagos near Marchena, described as Atopichthys cinctus, but no benthic specimen has been forthcoming. Additional leptocephali have been collected since within the EEZ (SIO 55-234 and 72-39). Japanoconger n. sp. is removed from the list; it has been proposed, but does not have diagnostic criteria at present. Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840 (often misspelled) is removed from the list since it is now considered limited to the Indian Ocean (Anderson 2022). Bregmaceros bathymaster Jordan & Bollman, 1890 is described from the TEP while B. longipes Garman, 1899, also from the TEP, is designated a junior synonym (Torii, harold & Ozawa 2003). Harold & Baltzegar (2023) also examined B. atlanticus specimens from the TEP (and described Bregmaceros moseri from Hawaii and the South Pacific Gyre and perhaps the California Current). However, there are only two records of Bregmaceros from Galapagos, and neither has been identified to species (MCZ 33059 as “B. nectabanus” and CAS 46082 as “sp.”), leaving B. bathymaster the putative species and likely a vagrant arrival. Merluccius angustimanus occurs along the continental margin from Baja California to Colombia, while Merluccius gayi is described from Chile, and reported from coastal Ecuador and Peru; it is arguably distinct from M. angustimanus (Pérez et al. 2021). We remove M. gayi from the list since no apparent record can be found for the genus in Galapagos. The species was said to be “uncommonly seen” in Grove & Lavenberg (1997) and is listed in McCosker & Rosenblatt (2010), with no evidence. Similarly, Arturo Angulo (pers. comm.) reports that no records at UCR are from Cocos Island, only from the mainland (e.g. Bussing & Lopez’s (2004) listing of UCR 1243-1). Lloris, Matallanas & Oliver (2005) do not extend any of the species to any offshore islands of the TEP in their book “Hakes of the World”. Porichthys margaritatus is removed from the list even though it has been included in the Galapagos fauna in all prior listings, however there are no records after 1929. But, as toadfishes, Porichthys do not have pelagic larvae, and therefore do not occur on any (other) off-shelf islands anywhere in the New World (Robertson & Van Tassell 2023, Robertson & Allen 2024); even a Hawaiian record (MHNH 1896-0178) is also a location error. There are numerous apparent errors in the catalogs that suggest the species was not in Galapagos. Multiple records are from the 1888 Albatross Expedition, but always missing a date (most other records of continental Porichthys from the expedition have dates). The first error is the record of Porichthys “nautopedium” CAS (SU) 227 (5 fish, no date) that says “paratype”, but the description of P. nautopedium (now a junior synonym) in Jordan & Bollman (1890; p. 171 & 172) says the new species was collected “off coast of Colombia” at stations 2795 & 2802 and those are in the Gulf of Panama (Colombia in 1890). Additional collections labeled Galapagos are CAS (SU) 5849 & 5850 (9 fish with no date) and USNM 41161 (2 fish with no date, no station, and notably all adjacent accession numbers are Albatross collections from Panama). In the species list at the end of the article, Jordan & Bollman (1890; p. 182) have “Indefatigable” along with the collection station numbers that are all Panama (perhaps a slip-up since the line right after the range sentence of P. nautopedium is the name O. indefatigabile). Another old record, of Porichthys “notatus” CAS (SU) 54413, is listed as from Eden Island, Galapagos, on 13 January 1929 during the Herre Expedition; however Herre’s complete list of fishes they collected (Herre 1936, p. 13 & 14) does not include the Porichthys. Finally, an additional catalog record, USNM 305007, with 27 fish, from 3 April 1967, has apparently erroneous coordinates of 4.65°, -109.4°, well out into the open ocean west of Galapagos, but that was from a Puerto Rican AEC Laboratory expedition and it was surveying the Bay of Panama in that month, and on 4 April 1967, the next day, they collected at the mouth of the Sabana River in the Bay of Panama (USNM 303234). Thunnus alalunga, the Albacore Tuna, is a more temperate species usually found above and below 10° latitude. Records get confused since the common name is frequently confounded with Thunnus albacares, the ubiquitous Yellowfin Tuna. Although the IATCC illustrates the species from the general area, no specific or unequivocal record of T. alalunga can be traced to Galapagos waters and it is removed from the list. Bollmannia is removed from the list since it does not occur in Galapagos. The records of B. macropoma are a product of an erroneous identification by Bedenbaugh (1988, p. 19: as from “Galapagos. Punta Arenas: CAS 3559 (1; 62.0)”) of a specimen of Dialommus fuscus, listed in CAS 3559. It was collected by the Templeton- 62 Crocker Expedition at Santa Cruz in Galapagos, and identified as Crockeridius odysseus Clark, 1936 (a junior synonym of D. fuscus). Similarly, Bedenbough (1988, p. 26) erroneously lists B. umbrosus as from “Galapagos. Port Angeles Light: CAS 4733 (1; 44.5). Santa Maria Bay: CAS 2685 (1; 69.2)”; however, the former collection in the catalog is from Oaxaca and the latter from Sinaloa, both Mexico. Nematistius pectoralis is listed in the Crane Expedition fishes by Herre (1936) who reported “a number of large specimens” caught line fishing in Tagus Cove, Isabela. However, we remove the species from the list since those specimens were not retained and there are no known photographs or museum specimens. Fernando Rivera (pers. comm.) reports that over many years he has seen none brought in by fishermen. Remora australis is removed from the list since there are no known photographs or specimens. Cypselurus angusticeps is removed from the Galapagos list following the most recent review by Shakhovskoy & Parin (2024) which considers C. angusticeps in the TEP to be limited to a northern range, extending south only to about 14° N. They do not accept the old map sector listed for the species in Parin et al. (1990; south of the Galapagos, one degree square 4–5° S, 88–89° W), with no specimen known, noting that Parin did not include that record in his subsequently reviews of the flyingfishes. Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes, 1847) is considered a worldwide species complex, with the type population limited to the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and thus removed from the list. Parin & Belyanina (2002) split the subtropical complex with H. rufipinnis (Valenciennes, 1847) in the subtropical southern Pacific to Peru and Chile and H. gilberti (Snyder, 1904) from Japan, Hawaii, and across to the California Current. The tropical range between those two is filled by H. marginatus (Nichols & Breder, 1928), which is not a member of the complex: mtDNA sequences shows it closer to the H. affinis and H. speculiger clade than to H. rondeletii and H. rufipinnis (Lewallen 2019). A second TEP congener, H. speculiger, is a circumglobal species widely distributed in the Pacific (Shakhovskoy 2018). There are a couple of H. albimaculatus records, but well south of Galapagos, that may represent vagrants from the central Pacific range for the species (Parin & Belyanina 2002). Parexocoetus brachypterus is removed from list since Parin et al. (1990) do not record the species at or below the equator, and Parin (1995) illustrates the species as neritic along the continental shelf from Panama to Ecuador. Note that juveniles of other genera can have a “Parexocoetus-stage” which can lead to potential misidentifications (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2024). Prognichthys spp. are removed from the list since collection records concentrate north of Galapagos and exclude the area around Galapagos and southwards; Parin et al. (1990) do not record either regional species of Prognichthys at or below the equator. Parin (1995) has the shading for the vast Pacific range of P. sealei ending about at Galapagos, but with no collection records, and his P. tringa range is limited to the neritic zone along the continent. Ilia Shakhovskoy (pers. comm.) recommends species identifications not be made from photographs of flyingfishes. In his review of species ranges he specifically “refused to use literature data and data from databases of the internet due to a large number of misidentifications of flying fish species” (Shakhovskoy 2018). Ekemblemaria sp. has been on Galapagos species lists for many years, however it was based on an underwater observation of a shallow, hole-dwelling blennioid fish on Plazas Islands by John McCosker in 1977 who considered it an undescribed species of Ekemblemaria (McCosker, Taylor & Warner 1978). He relates “I saw three or four in the worm tubes attached to that rock. But that’s all that I saw after numerous searches at that and other similar locations.. and tried numerous times to collect it. I never succeeded. David Doubilet photographed it with its fin extended outside of the worm tube” (John McCosker, pers. comm., 6 August 2022). David Doubilet’s photograph has been lost to follow up with no photograph resulting from contacts with him. Given that no additional encounters have occurred over many years, the existence of the entity cannot be confirmed and it is removed from the list (note that the color image 112 in Grove & Lavenberg (1997) of a blenny with a blue-spotted head is likely a juvenile Acanthemblemaria castroi). Cookeolus japonicus is removed from the list since there are no known photographs or specimens. Cilus gilberti and Cynoscion phoxocephalus are removed from the list since they are continental sciaenids with the only records being SIO collections donated by fishermen on tuna clippers fishing between the mainland and the islands, and including species from both locations (and often also with multiple species from the 63 continent, e.g. of Macrodon, Nebris, Sciaena, Larimus): i.e. SIO 50-292 (with 5 species of sciaenids), SIO 54-174, and SIO 79-51). A photograph of a 2-cm juvenile sciaenid from Galapagos (we have not seen) cannot be identified with any certainty (Grove & Lavenberg 1997). Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888 is removed from the list, even though it was described from a type specimen putatively from Galapagos (MCZ 24198), collected on the 1872 Hassler Expedition, which also collected in Peru after departing the Galapagos. In the same Galapagos collection, there are specimens also called M. olfax, and in the Peruvian collections the next month there are specimens called both species. However, no M. olfax has been collected in Peru since 1872, and no M. xenarcha has been seen in Galapagos since then. There are many inconsistencies in the collection data from MCZ records: among others, the species is described from a “seven inch” specimen and the present holotype is 365 mm SL; notes say specimens have been removed from jars and renumbered; written catalog entries do not match other data for the specimen(s) (e.g. MCZ 10223 lists 4 specimens of M. olfax from Peru); and Jordan (1888, p. 387) writes “several specimens of this species from the Galapagos Islands are in the [MCZ], these were mixed with specimens of the more common Mycteroperca olfax, from the same locality.” However, no other M. xenarcha are recorded from Galapagos, and their finding multiple specimens in Galapagos argues persuasively that fishes on the expedition had been mislabeled, at the time and/or subsequently at museums. Diplectrum spp. have been documented in Galapagos, but only two species are confirmed (see above under additions). All other species are not confirmed; the easiest to discard are the records from SIO collections derived from ships in transit that combine shorefishes from Peru or Panama along with Galapagos species (SIO 50-292 listing Diplectrum pacificum and SIO 79-51 listing Diplectrum maximum). Furthermore, small juveniles should not be able to be identified to species, indeed, juvenile records examined by BCV proved to be Serranus psittacinus, an abundant species with a midlateral stripe superficially similar to Diplectrum (i.e. USNM 321375, LACM 45634-20, and LACM 45654-1). The FMNH 41433 D. rostrum is labeled in databases as D. pacificum, the name assigned prior to the description of D. rostrum in 1974; a photograph of the museum specimen is easily confirmed as D. rostrum by BCV. Bortone’s review of the genus concluded there are 4 species in the Galapagos, but he (and others) includes Diplectrum euryplectrum on a misreading of the type location of the species, it is not Galapagos but Panama (Jordan & Bollman 1880, pp. 157, 158, 181). He also includes Diplectrum macropoma based solely on CAS 1569, however that specimen is also from the Albatross collection, and Jordan & Bollman (1880, pp. 157) in their enumeration of that Albatross collection show D. macropoma as only collected from Panama. Note that the locations are errors or suspect for a series of CAS records of Albatross specimens listed as “Galapagos” (e.g. CAS 10348, 10793–10800), likely someone assuming all expedition records were specifically from Galapagos. Paralabrax humeralis is removed from the list since there are no confirmed photographs or specimens; the species is limited to Peru and Chile (Hildebrand 1946, Daniel Pondella, pers. comm.) and not included in modern Galapagos listings, where the endemic P. albomaculatus is the only accepted species (Grove & Lavenberg 1997, McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010, Robertson & Allen 2024). There are a series of listings more than 70 years old, many from Tagus Cove (where P. albomaculatus are frequently encountered). It appears that early surveys called the native P. albomaculatus as P. humeralis, to wit Seale (1940) listed only P. humeralis from the Allan Hancock collections adding that they were “the common seabass of the Galapagos” and “easily distinguished by the row of large white blotches”, i.e. P. albomaculatus. Peristedion barbiger Garman, 1899 is removed from the list since there is a single Galapagos record, from the 1905 Albatross collection from off Espanola (CAS 35299), while all subsequent collections are Peristedion crustosum Garman, 1899, including several recent submersible specimens (some from near the old Albatross locality). According to Richards & McCosker (1998), the only Peristedion in Galapagos is P. crustosum. The fish in CAS 35299 are presently missing from the collection (Jon Fong, pers. comm.). Pontinus sp. A, B and C are removed from the list; they were listed by McCosker & Rosenblatt (2010) without diagnostic criteria (there is no indication they meant sp. A to correspond to Pontinus sp. A (Rosy) documented by Robertson et al. (2017) off Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and El Salvador). They add that those three unknown species they have observed deep in Galapagos are in addition to Pontinus clemensi (the common “brujo” providing much of the fishery catch in the archipelago), Pontinus strigatus, and one new observation 64 of Pontinus vaughani. Pontinus vaughani is removed from the list since we have not seen photographs or specimens of that northern species in Galapagos (it is found from Baja California south to Clipperton). McCosker & Rosenblatt (2010) report a single photograph was taken, but we have not yet been able to confirm it. Pontinus strigatus Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 was described from a single small specimen taken from the stomach of a shark off Wolf. Notably, the authors did not compare the specimen to Pontinus furcirhinus Garman, 1899, described a few years before from large series of specimens off Panama and Colombia. The small holotype shares the elongated third dorsal-fin spine diagnostic of P. furcirhinus and has no features that differentiate it from small P. furcirhinus. Furthermore, underwater videos and photographs show that P. furcirhinus is one of the most common fishes observed below 100 m around Galapagos, and the second most frequent Pontinus landed in the fishery at Puerto Ayora (locally called “brujo de lomo negro”; Carlos J. Estape, pers. comm.). A third and smaller species of Pontinus can be seen in photographs of heaps of Pontinus landed at Puerto Ayora; it has short dorsal-fin spines and no obvious spotting, features which fit the widespread Pontinus sierra in the region. Pontinus larvae were collected in large numbers over the hydrothermal vents at the EEZ boundary, including P. furcirhinus and P. sierra (with DNA barcodes). We thus can confirm three species in Galapagos: P. clemensi, P. furcirhinus, and P. sierra, and any others await additional observations and/or photographs. Abantennarius coccineus is removed from the list since there are no confirmed photographs or specimens. McCosker (1998), in his book review of Grove & Lavenberg (1997), reports a photograph by Paul Humann is the only Galapagos record for A. coccineus, and refers to Robert Myers as the source, but Myers does not have any information on that (pers. comm.). Ted Pietsch (pers. comm.) cited McCosker & Rosenblatt’s (2010) listing, but he has not found any specimens from Galapagos; he adds that no photographs in the Humann guides are A. coccineus. Mola mola is removed from the list since there are no confirmed photographs or specimens. A genetic study found all the Mola sampled in Galapagos (but that was 9 fish from Punta Vicente Roca) proved to be Mola alexandrini (Thys et al. 2014; as “M. ramsayi”), now listed as a resident. Until evidence is obtained, we do not confirm the presence of M. mola. While considered the southern species, M. alexandrini can be found in some northern locations and both species are documented in South Africa (Thys et al. 2014). Ranzania laevis is removed from the list since there are no known photographs or specimens. Taxonomic name changes Stomias atriventer Garman, 1899 is elevated from the TEP subspecies of widespread S. boa found throughout the remaining Indo-Pacific (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024). Scopelogadus bispinosus was considered a subspecies of S. mizolepis: Kotlyar (2021) elevated the TEP population to species status. Carapinae is now classified as a sub-family of Ophidiidae (replacing Carapidae) after recent phylogenetic studies (Betancur et al. 2017). Ophidion sp. A, a long-standing entity listed in Galapagos was recently described as Ophidion galapagensis by Lea & Robins (2024). Cataetyx simus (Garman, 1899) includes a syntype from within the EEZ (MCZ 28633). Note the family listed for this species is corrected from Ophidiidae to Bythitidae. Aphanopus capricornis is known in the TEP from a single Galapagos specimen (CAS 86497) collected during a volcanic eruption at Fernandina (McCosker et al. 1997), initially listed as A. intermedius, an Atlantic species, later corrected to A. capricornis in McCosker & Rosenblatt (2010). Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899 is the sole member of the genus described from the TEP (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024), the mtDNA barcode lineage is about 2% divergent from multiple lineages for the widespread Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific populations of nominal T. lepturus. Cosmocampus coccineus (Herald, 1940), described from the Galapagos, is elevated by Hamilton et al. (2016) from a subspecies of Cosmocampus arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) which was described from the Sea 65 of Cortez. Doryrhamphus melanopleura is the Pacific Ocean sister species to Indian Ocean D. excisus, and the TEP population is presently considered D. melanopleura (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024); however the barcode mtDNA sequence of a fish from Galapagos is 2.3% divergent from D. melanopleura in French Polynesia. Microdesminae is now classified as a subfamily of Gobiidae (replacing Microdesmidae) after recent phylogenetic studies (Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016, Betancur et al. 2017). Schindleria praematura is now classified in a subfamily of Gobiidae (replacing Schindleriidae) after recent phylogenetic studies (Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016, Betancur et al. 2017). Oligoplites inornatus Gill, 1863 is elevated from a subspecies of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), originally described from the Caribbean (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024). Platybelone argalus pterura (Osborne & Nichols, 1916) is now listed as a subspecies of P. argalus (Lesueur, 1821), a circumglobal single species complex. It is a subjective decision (given the ambiguity of subspecies), but since the putative vicariant event is more likely isolation from the central Pacific Ocean and not from the rise of the Panama isthmus, the potential for gene flow across the East Pacific Barrier has not been assessed. At present, the mtDNA sequence for TEP P. argalus pterura is only 0.9% divergent from Indo-Pacific and Atlantic subspecies of P. argalus, but that is based on a single TEP sequence and additional specimens may well unite the lineages and bring into question the status of the sub-population. Hemilutjanus macrophthalmus has long had an unresolved phylogenetic placement and classification. Smith et. al. (2022) recently used molecular phylogenetic analyses to conclude that it is an acropomatiform taxon most fitting the family Malakichthyidae. Anisotremus scapularis replaces Genyatremus scapularis since phylogenetic studies show the species is closely related to other Anisotremus species (Tavera et al. 2014). Epinephelidae, Liopropomatidae, Grammistidae, and Anthiadidae have been recently elevated to families after traditionally being considered as subfamilies of Serranidae (Near & Thacker 2024). Ma & Craig (2018) justify the family status of Epinephelidae. Cephalopholis colonus replaces Epinephelus colonus or Paranthias colonus since phylogenetic studies show the species is closely related to other Cephalopholis species within the family Epinephelidae (Ma & Craig 2018). Bodianus darwini replaces Semicossyphus darwini since phylogenetic studies show Semicossyphus is within a broad Bodianus clade (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024). Trachyscorpia was assigned to Sebastidae, however Sebastinae and Setarchinae have been determined to be subfamilies of Scorpaenidae after recent phylogenetic studies (Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016, Betancur et al. 2017). Epigonus merleni is replaced by Epigonus macrops since a reexamination by Okamoto, Bartsch & Motomura (2012) of the unique holotype skimmed from the surface during the underwater eruption of Isla Fernandina (McCosker et al. 1995, McCosker & Long 1997) found it to be a junior synonym of E. macrops, a circumglobal species originally described from Sumatra. Changes in endemic status Myxinidae: the 8 recently described hagfish species (Mincarone et al. 2021) are considered endemic since their depth ranges are on the upper slope (not abyssal), promoting isolation. Reproduction by benthic eggs would also reduce dispersal, and thus far the species have only been found on Galapagos. Nevertheless, hagfishes are poorly documented in the region and some or all of these species may prove to be more widespread. Bythaelurus giddingsi, Apristurus n. sp., Galeus n. sp., and Rajella eisenhardti are all now considered endemic species since no confirmed records exist outside the Galapagos Archipelago. Hydrolagus alphus, Hydrolagus mccoskeri, and Hydrolagus n. sp. are all now considered endemic species since no confirmed records exist outside the Galapagos Archipelago. Calamus taurinus (Jenyns, 1840) is now considered an endemic since it was described from Galapagos, but without clear distinguishing features from Calamus brachysomus (Lockington, 1880), described from Baja 66 California, it may be that it is the senior synonym for populations outside the Galapagos as well. Umbrina galapagorum is returned to endemic status since it was not recognized due to a single record from Cocos Island at of 11 fish from the 1891 Albatross expedition (MCZ 30796). However, all subsequent collections, from the very limited beach area on the island, by seining shallows or poisoning the freshwater outflow at Wafer Bay, caught large numbers of Umbrina xanti (38 from SIO 77-89; 40 from LACM 35473.007; UBC 540402; AMNH I-8528). We presume the same fish collected in the same very restricted habitat on the island are the same species. Larimus pacificus is changed to vagrant based on the single adult specimen collected by John McCosker in Academy Bay, Santa Cruz (CAS 54887). Only one other record exists (LACM 44086), from a local fisherman with no provenance. Idiastion hageyi McCosker, 2008 and Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri Wiboro & Motomura, 2017 are changed to endemic, since they are described from unique holotypes collected from a submersible: the former from a single specimen off Fernandina (at 522 m) and the latter from a single collection off Darwin (at 515 m). However, underwater videos from elsewhere in the region show scorpionfishes that fit the descriptions, but are not confirmed as either species. It is very likely they are both found outside the Galapagos. Paraliparis darwini Stein & Chernova, 2002 and Paraliparis galapagosensis Stein & Chernova, 2002 are changed to endemic, since they are described from unique holotypes collected from a submersible. Changes in resident status Aetomyleus asperrimus is changed to a vagrant since only a single museum record exists from Galapagos: FMNH 41572, collected in 1941 at Elizabeth Bay in Isabela. Mobula thurstoni is changed to a resident since individuals and schools have been photographed at multiple locations in the archipelago (Mossbrucker et al. 2023), and at Floreana by Serenity Mitchell, and Santa Cruz and Cousin’s Rock by Carlos J. Estape on the 2024 EPCA Foundation photographic survey. Gymnothorax buroensis is an Indo-Pacific moray, changed to a vagrant since there are only three known museum specimens and no photographs.The collections are quite old, from the Velero III in 1932 and 1933 (LACM 45664.002 & 45620.003 and one from 1968 at SIO 74-103). Phaenomonas pinnata was listed as a vagrant, however this genus of snake eel typically buries in sand and they are very rarely observed or collected within their known range; two were collected in Floreana in SIO 12- 3083, causing a change to resident status. Fistularia corneta is changed to a vagrant since only a single record exists from Galapagos, a juvenile 198 mm SL from a nightlight collection on Isabela (SIO 63-73). Microdesmus dipus Gunther, 1864 is changed to a vagrant since it is known from a single individual described as the new species Microdesmus reidi Myers & Wade, 1946 collected from a tidepool at Darwin Bay, Genovesa on the Velero III Allan Hancock Foundation Expedition in 1938 (LACM 21031). Dawson (1968) did not mention this species when he reviewed M. dipus. The specimen does not match the meristics (51 dorsal-fin elements while M. dipus ranges from 53–58 among a notably large sample of 175 individuals examined by Dawson). Furthermore, M. reidi was a relatively large adult, 67.5 mm SL, documented in life to be translucent yellowish-gray, and “the only real color” a pink belly, while M. dipus has complex dark blotches and bars on the head and body (and most adult specimens were smaller than 67 mm SL). The species identification is thus tentative. Tylosurus fodiator is changed to a vagrant since there are apparently only two records: a one-meter specimen collected by Fiddi Angermeyer in 1984 at Marchena (LACM 43663-1) and one by John McCosker from Bartolome in 1998 (USNM 352054). The species is large, conspicuous, and easy to catch on hook and line, so very unlikely to escape detection. All other Tylosurus records from Galapagos are apparently Strongylura exilis under various synonyms, including Tylosurus exilis, T. stolzmanni (Jordan & Bollman 1890), and T. scapularis. Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1875) is changed to a vagrant since Collette & Banford (2001) report a 67 single specimen from Galapagos collected by the Fifth Vanderbilt Expedition; it was originally described as Strongylura galapagensis Fowler, 1944 (now a junior synonym). The close (about 1% divergent) sister species Tylosurus melanotus is also present in the TEP (often as T. acus melanotus, a subspecies of a circumtropical T. acus, but there is a 3% divergence in mtDNA from Caribbean T. acus to TEP T. melanotus). Collette & Banford (2001) noted T. pacificus co-occurs with T. melanotus in the region. Xenichthys xanti has few records in the archipelago, all but one from before about 70 years ago (MCZ 25578, CAS 3881, 3882, 3883, 24414, FMNH 22625, CMNFI 1968-0592.14; and recent LACM 45588-7 from author JSG) and some are questionable, we list it as vagrant until specimens can be confirmed. The distinction from endemic Xenichthys agassizii can be difficult. Epinephelus analogus has always been considered present at Galapagos, since it was listed in Jordan & Bollman (1880, p. 181) as collected at Floreana. However, at present the only Albatross specimens at CAS are from Panama (CAS 381 & 3807). There is one confirmed specimen, collected by Eibl-Eibesfeldt at Santa Cruz in 1960 (SMF 5758, photographed). It is frequently reported from visual surveys, but juvenile Mycteroperca olfax, abundant at Galapagos, can have spots in a pattern very similar to E. analogus. Small M. olfax can be distinguished by being longer and slimmer with thin blue edging on the rear dorsal, anal, and caudal fins and the spots on the caudal fin tend to merge into dark lines posteriorly. Humann & DeLoach (2003, p. 87) label a photo of a small M. olfax as E. analogus, and this guide is reported by author WBS to be used by researchers doing underwater visual surveys and contributing data to databases. Collection records show that almost all specimens are continental, with only rare records from offshore islands. Fourriére et al. (2017, Table S1) list the species at Cocos Island, but the entry stands out for having no museum records and no observations from their extensive field work and only listed as from literature. A recent photograph from a fisherman in Galapagos confirms the species is present, but we list it as a vagrant based on its exceptional rarity. Calotomus carolinus is changed to a vagrant since almost none are documented in the Galapagos; author WBS recently photographed an adult at North Seymour. McCosker, Taylor & Warner (1978) include Calotomus carolinus (as Calotomus spinidens) in the new records found on the 1977 California Academy of Sciences’ Galapagos Expedition; however, only a single specimen is in museums (CAS 39292). While C. carolinus has crossed the East Pacific Barrier and has a resident population in the Revillagigedo Islands and Baja California, C. spinidens does not range far into the central Pacific, dropping out after the Marshall Islands in the north and Tonga in the south (Choat & Randall 1986). Euprepocaranx dorsalis, Ferdauia orthogrammus, Acanthurus triostegus, and Xanthichthys mento are changed to vagrants since they are only sporadically observed and rarely collected, hence not considered a self-sustaining population. Other notes Alopias vulpinus (not in lists) has been reported in longline catches off Galapagos (Cerutti-Perreyra et al. 2020), and in the list of Hearn et al. (2014), however no diagnostic photographs are available to discern if it is the coastal A. vulpinus, or the similar oceanic and insular A. pelagicus. Myliobatis peruviana is considered the southern TEP sister species of the northern M. californica. The M. longirostris listed in Mossbrucker et al. (2020) is a misidentified M. peruviana. Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891) is considered the senior synyonm of Facciolella gilberti (Garman, 1899) since both names are used for specimens collected in the same place at different museums, without clear distinguishing features. A single mtDNA lineage, with 3 sequences is documented for the genus from California, 2.16% divergent from Facciolella “oxyrhynchus” from the western Pacific. Narcetes erimelas is listed due to the record MCZ 28476, within the EEZ, of Bathytroctes alveatus Garman, 1899, now considered a junior synonym of N. erimelas (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan 2024). Lestidiops pacificus (Parr, 1931) is described from a series of specimens from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico and L. neles (Harry, 1953) was later described for one different specimen found among the paratypes of L. pacificus. Thus far, only L. pacificus has been identified in Galapagos (CAS 86744, ID by Hans Ho), but additional 68 Galapagos juveniles at SIO are recorded as “sp.”. Ogilbia ventralis (not in lists) was described from Baja California and is recorded from the Galapagos in multiple museum listings. However, Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen (2005) reviewed Ogilbia and noted that all of the numerous Galapagos Ogilbia they examined proved to be O. deroyi. Curiously, they could find no specimens of O. galapagosensis in museums (the types are lost), but there is a photograph by Tui DeRoy in Grove & Lavenberg (1997, p. 223, fig.113) and this species apparently occurs only in a few shoreline cave systems on Santa Cruz. Priacanthus (not in lists) has not been recorded in Galapagos (or the TEP south of latitude 18° N), other than a juvenile discussed in Starnes (1988 p. 173: USNM 135644, 41.7 mm SL). The specimen was collected in 1888 by the Albatross Expedition in a trawl down to 717 m depth in open ocean about 30 km north of Genovesa. Pelagic Priacanthus juveniles at 30–40 mm SL are reported in Starnes (1988), thus this specimen was likely in a pelagic stage and not settled (at over 700 m depth) and has not been included in the list. Starnes (1988) reports the specimen to have scale and gill-raker counts somewhat between the widespread Indo-Pacific P. hamrur and the Hawaiian sister species P. meeki. He suggested it may be a new TEP species P. aff. meeki, but cautioned that no other specimens had been found and added that these fishes are relatively easily collected; if he had known that almost 40 years later there was still no sign of them, he would likely agree it is not a new species. The meristic differences are minor and the variation in the vast range of P. hamrur is still not well-documented, thus it cannot be ruled out as a vagrant pelagic juvenile from a central Pacific P. hamrur population or a vagrant P. meeki from elsewhere. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We greatly appreciate the many contributors to this effort to critically evaluate the fish species known from the Galapagos Islands. The observations, photographs, and comments of myriad observers of the fishes in the region are indispensable to a project such as this. For general taxonomy and consultations, we thank Gerry Allen and Ron Fricke. Contributors from the Galapagos with detailed knowledge of the islands include Carolina Angermeyer, Federico Angermeyer, Stuart Banks, Salome Buglass, Pierre Constant, Sofia Darquea, Tui DeRoy, Jonathan Green, Sofia Green, and especially Alex Hearn and Fernando Rivera for their detailed knowledge. EPCA expedition surveyors and photographers contributed indispensable and detailed records: our expedition organizer Allison Morgan Estape especially provided heroic service, along with Carlos J. Estape. Ken Clifton, Bob Cox, Carol Cox, Alasdair Dunlap-Smith, Andres Hernandez, Frank Krasovec, Serenity Mitchell, Ellie Place, Lee Richter, Sara Richter, and Fernando Rivera took literally thousands of useful photographs. Museum staff greatly assisted a critical evaluation of museum records, we appreciate their efforts and we thank Dahiana Arcila, Andrew Bentley, David Catania, Jon Fong, Benjamin Frable, Mysi Hoang, Marie-Helen Hubert, Sara LeCroy, Bill Ludt, John McCosker, Caleb McMahan, Jørgen Nielsen, Dianne Pitassy, Abigail Reft, Robert Robins, Bart Shepherd, Moritz Sonnewald, Jennifer Steppler, Kevin Swagel, Stephanie Tessier, H.J. Walker, Chelsea Williams, Andrew Williston, and Uwe Zajonz. For comments, photographs, reviews, and leads on information: Michel Anctil, Arturo Angulo, Nicolas Bailly, Philippe Bearez, Giacomo Bernardi, Steve Bortone, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Kendall Clements, Matt Craig, Anna DeLoach, Ned DeLoach, Omar Dominguez-Dominguez, Jeff Drazen, Jean-Dominique Durand, Dave Ebert, Greg Estes, Janet Eyre, Gene Feldman, Peter Fielding, Douglas Fudge, James Gibbs, Michael Greenberg, Phil Hastings, Stacey Henderson, Natasha Hinojosa, Paul Humann, Steen Wilhelm Knudsen, Bob Lea, Jeff Leis, Milton Love, Cynthia Manning, Hiroyuki Motomura, Andy Murch, Rob Myers, Diana Pazmina, Vincent Pieribone, Ted Pietsch, Dennis Polack, Daniel Pondella, Julien Renoult, Eric Riesch, Carl Roessler, John Dale Roney, Christy Semmens, Ilia Shakhovskoy, John Snow, Anna Vdovenko, and William Watson. The manuscript was reviewed by reviewers that are now authors. All authors would like to thank the Galapagos National Park for granting us authorization to carry out this investigation (research permit number: PC-31-24) and the Charles Darwin Foundation for providing us with the opportunity to carry out our research. This publication is contribution number 2672 of the Charles Darwin 69 Foundation for the Galapagos Islands. We would also like to thank the donors who enable the Subtidal Ecological Monitoring Project to continue its work: Amy Blackwell, Mark Rohr Foundation, Lindblad National Geographic, Paul M. Ángel Family Foundation, Ocean Finance Company, and Galapagos Conservancy. PSdL is also grateful for the support provided by the Save Our Seas Foundation and the Darwin and Wolf Conservation Fund. The project, especially the surveys and other arrangements, was supported by the East Pacific Corridor Alliance Foundation. References Angulo, A., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., Corrales-Ugalde, M. & Cortés, J. 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Bulletin of Marine Science, 69 (1), 279–288. 73 TABLE 1 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago (683 spp. in taxonomic order) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Branchiostomus elongatus Branchiostomatidae R Centrophorus squamosus Centrophoridae R Eptatretus goslinei Myxinidae RE Echinorhinus cookei Echinorhinidae R Eptatretus grouseri Myxinidae RE Tetronarce tremens Torpedinidae R Eptatretus mccoskeri Myxinidae RE Pseudobatos planiceps Rhinobatidae R Eptatretus bobwisneri Myxinidae RE Rajella eisenhardti Rajidae RE Myxine greggi Myxinidae RE Rostroraja velezi Rajidae R Myxine phantasma Myxinidae RE Bathyraja abyssicola Arhynchobatidae R Myxine martinii Myxinidae RE Bathyraja peruana Arhynchobatidae R Rubicundus lakeside Myxinidae RE Bathyraja richardsoni Arhynchobatidae R Hexanchus griseus Hexanchidae R Bathyraja spinosissima Arhynchobatidae R Notorynchus cepedianus Hexanchidae R Gurgesiella furvescens Gurgesiellidae R Heterodontus quoyi Heterodontidae R Hypanus dipterurus Dasyatidae R Rhincodon typus Rhincodontidae R Hypanus longus Dasyatidae R Odontaspis ferox Odontaspididae R Pteroplatytrygon violacea Dasyatidae R Alopias pelagicus Alopiidae R Taeniurops meyeni Dasyatidae R Alopias superciliosus Alopiidae R Styracura pacifica Potamotrygonidae R Carcharodon carcharias Lamnidae V Aetobatus ocellatus Aetobatidae R Isurus oxyrinchus Lamnidae R Aetomylaeus asperrimus Myliobatidae V Bythaelurus giddingsi Scyliorhinidae RE Myliobatis peruviana Myliobatidae R Galeus n. sp. Scyliorhinidae RE Rhinoptera steindachneri Rhinopteridae R Apristurus kampae Pentanchidae R Mobula birostris Mobulidae R Apristurus n. sp. Pentanchidae RE Mobula mobular Mobulidae R Mustelus albipinnis Triakidae R Mobula munkiana Mobulidae R Mustelus mento Triakidae R Mobula tarapacana Mobulidae R Triakis maculata Triakidae R Mobula thurstoni Mobulidae R Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus alphus Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus altimus Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus mccoskeri Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinidae V Hydrolagus melanophasma Chimaeridae R Carcharhinus falciformis Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus n. sp. Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus galapagensis Carcharhinidae R Elops affinis Elopidae V Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinidae R Albula esuncula Albulidae V Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinidae R Halosaurus attenuatus Halosauridae R Nasolamia velox Carcharhinidae R Notacanthus spinosus Notacanthidae R Prionace glauca Carcharhinidae R Ilyophis arx Synaphobranchidae R Triaenodon obesus Carcharhinidae R Ilyophis brunneus Synaphobranchidae R Galeocerdo cuvier Galeocerdonidae R Myroconger nigrodentatus Myrocongridae R Sphyrna lewini Sphyrnidae R Anarchias galapagensis Muraenidae R Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrnidae R Echidna nebulosa Muraenidae R Isistius brasiliensis Dalatiidae R Echidna nocturna Muraenidae R Centroscyllium nigrum Etmopteridae R Enchelycore lichenosa Muraenidae R 74 TABLE 1 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Enchelycore octaviana Muraenidae R Xenomystax atrarius Congridae R Gymnomuraena zebra Muraenidae R Nemichthys scolopaceus Nemichthyidae R Gymnothorax angusticeps Muraenidae R Serrivomer sector Serrivomeridae R Gymnothorax buroensis Muraenidae V Anguilla marmorata Anguillidae R Gymnothorax castaneus Muraenidae R Anchoa argentivittata Engraulidae R Gymnothorax dovii Muraenidae R Anchoa ischana Engraulidae R Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Muraenidae V Cetengraulis mysticetus Engraulidae V Gymnothorax javanicus Muraenidae V Engraulis ringens Engraulidae R Gymnothorax meleagris Muraenidae V Harengula thrissina Clupeidae R Gymnothorax panamensis Muraenidae R Lile stolifera Clupeidae R Gymnothorax pictus Muraenidae V Opisthonema berlangai Clupeidae RE Gymnothorax porphyreus Muraenidae V Opisthonema libertate Clupeidae R Gymnothorax undulatus Muraenidae V Etrumeus acuminatus Dussumieriidae R Muraena argus Muraenidae R Sardinops sagax Alosidae R Muraena clepsydra Muraenidae R Bathytroctes microlepis Alepocephalidae R Muraena lentiginosa Muraenidae R Einara macrolepis Alepocephalidae R Scuticaria tigrina Muraenidae V Narcetes erimelas Alepocephalidae R Uropterygius macrocephalus Muraenidae R Photostylus pycnopterus Alepocephalidae R Uropterygius polystictus Muraenidae R Holtbyrnia latifrons Platytroctidae R Uropterygius versutus Muraenidae R Maulisia isaacsi Platytroctidae R Chlopsis bicollaris Chlopsidae R Platytroctes apus Platytroctidae R Apterichtus equatorialis Ophichthidae R Chanos chanos Chanidae R Bascanichthys bascanoides Ophichthidae R Argentina aliceae Argentinidae R Callechelys galapagensis Ophichthidae RE Bathylagoides nigrigenys Bathylagidae R Herpetoichthys fossatus Ophichthidae R Leuroglossus stilbeus Bathylagidae R Ichthyapus selachops Ophichthidae R Dolichopteryx pseudolongipes Opisthoproctidae R Myrichthys xysturus Ophichthidae R Cyclothone acclinidens Gonostomatidae R Ophichthus arneutes Ophichthidae RE Cyclothone alba Gonostomatidae R Ophichthus rugifer Ophichthidae R Cyclothone atraria Gonostomatidae R Paraletharchus opercularis Ophichthidae R Cyclothone obscura Gonostomatidae R Phaenomonas pinnata Ophichthidae R Cyclothone pallida Gonostomatidae R Quassiremus evionthas Ophichthidae R Cyclothone signata Gonostomatidae R Scytalichthys miurus Ophichthidae V Diplophos proximus Gonostomatidae R Facciolella equatorialis Nettastomatidae R Argyropelecus aculeatus Sternoptychidae R Ariosoma gilberti Congridae R Argyropelecus affinis Sternoptychidae R Bathycongrus varidens Congridae R Argyropelecus lychnus Sternoptychidae R Heteroconger klausewitzi Congridae R Argyropelecus olfersii Sternoptychidae R Japonoconger proriger Congridae R Argyropelecus sladeni Sternoptychidae R Paraconger californiensis Congridae R Maurolicus australis Sternoptychidae R Paraconger similis Congridae R Sternoptyx diaphana Sternoptychidae R 75 TABLE 1 (p. 3) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Sternoptyx obscura Sternoptychidae R Diaphus pacificus Myctophidae R Sternoptyx pseudobscura Sternoptychidae R Diaphus rafenesqii Myctophidae R Valencienellus tripunctulatus Sternoptychidae R Diaphus termophilus Myctophidae R Ichthyococcus irregularis Phosichthyidae R Diaphus theta Myctophidae R Vinciguerria lucetia Phosichthyidae R Diogenichthys laternatus Myctophidae R Vinciguerria poweriae Phosichthyidae R Gonichthys tenuiculus Myctophidae R Yarella argentiola Phosichthyidae R Gonichthys venetus Myctophidae R Astronesthes cyanea Stomiidae R Hygophum reinhardti Myctophidae R Astronesthes galapagensis Stomiidae R Lampadena luminosa Myctophidae R Astronesthes gibbsi Stomiidae R Lampanyctus hubbsi Myctophidae R Astronesthes indica Stomiidae R Lampanyctus idostigma Myctophidae R Astronesthes lampara Stomiidae R Lampanyctus macropterus Myctophidae R Bathophilus filifer Stomiidae R Lampanyctus omostigma Myctophidae R Borostomias elucens Stomiidae R Lampanyctus parvicauda Myctophidae R Borostomias panamensis Stomiidae R Lampanyctus ritteri Myctophidae R Chauliodus barbatus Stomiidae R Lampanyctus tenuiformis Myctophidae R Chauliodus sloani Stomiidae R Loweina rara Myctophidae R Idiacanthus antrostomus Stomiidae R Myctophum affine Myctophidae R Malacosteus niger Stomiidae R Myctophum aurolaternatum Myctophidae R Stomias atriventer Stomiidae R Myctophum brachygnathum Myctophidae R Stomias colubrinus Stomiidae R Myctophum nitidulum Myctophidae R Guentherus altivela Ateleopodidae R Notolychnus valdiviae Myctophidae R Aulopus chirichignoae Aulopidae R Notoscopelus elongatus Myctophidae R Chlorophthalmus mento Chlorophthalmidae R Notoscopelus resplendens Myctophidae R Bathypterois atricolor Ipnopidae R Symbolophorus evermanni Myctophidae R Bathypterois pectinatus Ipnopidae R Symbolophorus reversus Myctophidae R Ipnops agassizii Ipnopidae R Triphoturus mexicanus Myctophidae R Rosenblattichthys volucris Scopelarchidae R Triphoturus oculeum Myctophidae R Scopelarchoides nicholsi Scopelarchidae R Desmodema polystictum Trachipteridae R Scopelarchus guentheri Scopelarchidae R Zu cristatus Trachipteridae R Scopelosaurus hubbsi Notosudidae R Regalecus russellii Regalacidae R Synodus lacertinus Synodontidae R Stylephorus chordatus Stylephoridae R Synodus scituliceps Synodontidae R Bregmaceros bathymaster Bregmacerotidae V Synodus sechurae Synodontidae R Trachyrincus helolepis Trachyrincidae R Lestidiops pacificus Paralepididae R Antimora rostrata Moridae R Stemonosudis macrura Paralepididae R Gadella filifer Moridae R Evermannella ahlstromi Evermannellidae R Gadella thysthlon Moridae RE Scopelengys tristis Neoscopelidae R Laemonema gracillipes Moridae R Bolinichthys longipes Myctophidae R Physiculus nematopus Moridae R Centrobranchus nigroocellatus Myctophidae R Coelorinchus canus Macrouridae R 76 TABLE 1 (p. 4) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Coryphaenoides anguliceps Macrouridae R Monomitopus torvus Ophidiidae R Coryphaenoides armatus Macrouridae R Ophidion galapagensis Ophidiidae R Coryphaenoides boops Macrouridae R Otophidium indefatigabile Ophidiidae R Coryphaenoides bucephalus Macrouridae R Bellottia sp. Bythitidae R Coryphaenoides bulbiceps Macrouridae R Calamopteryx jeb Bythitidae RE Coryphaenoides delsolari Macrouridae R Cataetyx rubirostris Bythitidae R Coryphaenoides gypsochilus Macrouridae RE Cataetyx simus Bythitidae R Coryphaenoides myersi Macrouridae RE Diplacanthopoma jordani Bythitidae R Mataeocephalus tenuicauda Macrouridae R Grammonus diagrammus Bythitidae R Nezumia convergens Macrouridae R Lucifuga inopinata Bythitidae RE Nezumia loricata Macrouridae RE Petrotyx hopkinsi Bythitidae R Nezumia stelgidolepis Macrouridae R Pseudonus acutus Bythitidae RE Nezumia ventralis Macrouridae RE Ogilbia deroyi Dinematichthyidae RE Melamphaeus laeviceps Melamphaidae R Ogilbia galapagosensis Dinematichthyidae RE Melamphaeus spinifer Melamphaidae R Seriolella violacea Centrolophidae R Poromitra crassiceps Melamphaidae R Cubiceps pauciradiatus Nomeidae R Poromitra frontosa Melamphaidae R Nomeus gronovii Nomeidae R Poromitra jucunda Melamphaidae R Psenes arafurensis Nomeidae R Poromitra nigrofulva Melamphaidae R Psenes cyanophrys Nomeidae R Poromitra oscitans Melamphaidae R Psenes pellucidus Nomeidae R Scopeloberyx opisthopterus Melamphaidae R Psenes sio Nomeidae R Scopeloberyx robustus Melamphaidae R Tetragonurus atlanticus Tetragonuridae R Scopelogadus bispinosus Melamphaidae R Peprilus medius Stromateidae R Rondeletia loricata Rondeletiidae R Chiasmodon niger Chiasmodontidae R Cetomimus gillii Cetomimidae R Chiasmodon subniger Chiasmodontidae R Hoplostethus pacificus Trachichthyidae RE Acanthocybium solandri Scombridae R Anoplogaster cornuta Anoplogastridae R Auxis rochei Scombridae R Myripristis berndti Holocentridae R Auxis thazard Scombridae R Myripristis leiognathus Holocentridae R Euthynnus lineatus Scombridae R Neoniphon suborbitalis Holocentridae R Katsuwonus pelamis Scombridae R Bathyonus caudalis Ophidiidae R Sarda orientalis Scombridae R Brotula ordwayi Ophidiidae R Scomber japonicus Scombridae R Carapus mourlani Ophidiidae R Scomberomorus sierra Scombridae R Dicrolene nigra Ophidiidae R Thunnus albacares Scombridae R Echiodon exsilium Ophidiidae R Thunnus obesus Scombridae R Encheliophis vermicularis Ophidiidae R Paracaristius sp. Caristiidae R Eretmichthys pinnatus Ophidiidae R Brama dussumieri Bramidae R Lamprogrammus niger Ophidiidae R Taractes rubescens Bramidae R Lepophidium pardale Ophidiidae R Gempylus serpens Gempylidae R Monomitopus malispinosus Ophidiidae R Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Gempylidae R 77 TABLE 1 (p. 5) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Nealotus tripes Gempylidae R Syacium latifrons Cyclopsettidae V Ruvettus pretiosus Gempylidae R Syacium maculiferum Cyclopsettidae V Aphanopus capricornis Trichiuridae R Bothus leopardinus Bothidae R Benthodesmus tenuis Trichiuridae R Bothus mancus Bothidae R Lepidopus manis Trichiuridae R Monolene maculipinna Bothidae V Trichiurus nitens Trichiuridae R Hippoglossina bollmani Paralichthyidae R Mulloidichthys dentatus Mullidae R Paralichthys woolmani Paralichthyidae R Pseudupeneus grandisquamis Mullidae R Trinectes fonsecensis Achiridae V Synchiropus atrilabiatus Callionymidae R Aseraggodes herrei Soleidae R Aulostomus chinensis Aulostomidae R Symphurus atramentatus Cynoglossidae R Fistularia commersonii Fistulariidae R Symphurus diabolicus Cynoglossidae R Fistularia corneta Fistulariidae V Symphurus varius Cynoglossidae R Bryx veleronis Syngnathidae R Xiphias gladius Xiphiidae R Cosmocampus coccineus Syngnathidae R Istiompax indica Istiophoridae R Doryrhamphus melanopleura Syngnathidae R Istiophorus platypterus Istiophoridae R Hippocampus ingens Syngnathidae R Kajikia audax Istiophoridae R Apogon atradorsatus Apogonidae R Makaira nigricans Istiophoridae R Apogon dovii Apogonidae R Tetrapturus angustirostris Istiophoridae R Apogon pacificus Apogonidae R Alectis ciliaris Carangidae R Dormitator latifrons Eleotridae V Caranx caballus Carangidae R Eleotris picta Eleotridae V Caranx caninus Carangidae R Gobiomorus maculatus Eleotridae V Caranx ignobilis Carangidae V Bathygobius lineatus Gobiidae R Caranx lugubris Carangidae R Chriolepis tagus Gobiidae RE Caranx melampygus Carangidae R Clarkichthys bilineatus Gobiidae R Caranx sexfasciatus Carangidae R Coryphopterus urospilus Gobiidae R Decapterus macarellus Carangidae R Eleotrica cableae Gobiidae RE Decapterus macrosoma Carangidae R Evorthodus minutus Gobiidae V Decapterus muroadsi Carangidae R Lythrypnus gilberti Gobiidae RE Elagatis bipinnulata Carangidae R Lythrypnus rhizophora Gobiidae R Euprepocaranx dorsalis Carangidae V Microdesmus dipus Gobiidae V Ferdauia orthogrammus Carangidae V Schindleria praematura Gobiidae R Gnathanodon speciosus Carangidae V Tigrigobius nesiotes Gobiidae R Naucrates ductor Carangidae R Centropomus viridis Centropomidae R Oligoplites inornatus Carangidae R Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraenidae V Selar crumenophthalmus Carangidae R Sphyraena idiastes Sphyraenidae R Selene peruviana Carangidae R Sphyraena stellata Sphyraenidae R Seriola lalandi Carangidae R Polydactylus approximans Polynemidae V Seriola peruana Carangidae R Citharichthys darwini Cyclopsettidae RE Seriola riviolana Carangidae R Citharichthys gnathus Cyclopsettidae R Trachinotus kennedyi Carangidae V 78 TABLE 1 (p. 6) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Trachinotus paitensis Carangidae R Cheilopogon atrisignis Exocoetidae R Trachinotus rhodopus Carangidae R Cheilopogon dorsomacula Exocoetidae R Trachinotus stilbe Carangidae R Cheilopogon spilonotopterus Exocoetidae R Trachurus murphyi Carangidae R Cheilopogon xenopterus Exocoetidae R Uraspis helvola Carangidae R Cypselurus callopterus Exocoetidae R Echeneis naucrates Echeneidae R Exocoetus monocirrhus Exocoetidae R Phtheirichthys lineatus Echeneidae R Exocoetus volitans Exocoetidae R Remora albescens Echeneidae R Fodiator rostratus Exocoetidae R Remora brachyptera Echeneidae R Hirundichthys marginatus Exocoetidae R Remora osteochir Echeneidae R Hirundichthys speculiger Exocoetidae R Remora remora Echeneidae R Chaenomugil proboscideus Mugilidae R Coryphaena equiselis Coryphaenidae R Dajaus monticola Mugilidae R Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaenidae R Mugil galapagensis Mugilidae RE Opistognathus galapagensis Opistognathidae RE Mugil thoburni Mugilidae RE Abudefduf concolor Pomacentridae R Arcos poecilophthalmos Gobiesocidae R Abudefduf troschelii Pomacentridae R Tomicodon chilensis Gobiesocidae R Azurina atrilobata Pomacentridae R Tomicodon petersii Gobiesocidae R Azurina eupalama Pomacentridae RE Lepidonectes corallicola Tripterygiidae RE Azurina intercrusma Pomacentridae V Cottoclinus canops Labrisomidae RE Chromis alta Pomacentridae R Dialommus fuscus Labrisomidae R Microspathodon bairdii Pomacentridae R Gobioclinus dendriticus Labrisomidae R Microspathodon dorsalis Pomacentridae R Labrisomus jenkinsi Labrisomidae RE Nexilosus latifrons Pomacentridae R Labrisomus multiporosus Labrisomidae R Stegastes acapulcoensis Pomacentridae R Malacoctenus tetranemus Labrisomidae R Stegastes arcifrons Pomacentridae R Malacoctenus zonogaster Labrisomidae RE Stegastes beebei Pomacentridae R Starksia galapagensis Labrisomidae RE Stegastes flavilatus Pomacentridae R Acanthemblemaria castroi Chaenopsidae RE Atherinella nesiotes Atherinopsidae R Chaenopsis schmitti Chaenopsidae RE Melanorhinus cyanellus Atherinopsidae R Dactyloscopus lacteus Dactyloscopidae RE Cololabis adocetus Scomberesocidae R Gillellus semicinctus Dactyloscopidae R Ablennes hians Belonidae R Myxodagnus sagitta Dactyloscopidae RE Platybelone argalus pterura Belonidae R Platygillellus rubellulus Dactyloscopidae RE Strongylura exilis Belonidae R Entomacrodus chiostictus Blenniidae R Tylosurus fodiator Belonidae V Hypsoblennius brevipinnis Blenniidae R Tylosurus pacificus Belonidae V Ophioblennius steindachneri Blenniidae R Euleptorhamphus viridis Hemiramphidae R Plagiotremus azaleus Blenniidae R Hemiramphus saltator Hemiramphidae R Scartichthys gigas Blenniidae V Hyporhamphus gilli Hemiramphidae V Hemilutjanus macrophthalmosMalakichthyidae R Hyporhamphus naos Hemiramphidae R Heteropriacanthus carolinus Priacanthidae R Oxyporhamphus micropterus Hemiramphidae R Pristigenys serrula Priacanthidae R 79 TABLE 1 (p. 7) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Malacanthus brevirostris Malacanthidae R Alphestes immaculatus Epinephelidae R Caulolatilus affinis Latilidae R Cephalopholis colonus Epinephelidae R Caulolatilus princeps Latilidae R Cephalopholis panamensis Epinephelidae R Hoplopagrus guentherii Lutjanidae R Dermatolepis dermatolepis Epinephelidae R Lutjanus aratus Lutjanidae R Epinephelus analogus Epinephelidae V Lutjanus argentiventris Lutjanidae R Epinephelus labriformis Epinephelidae R Lutjanus colorado Lutjanidae V Hyporthodus cifuentesi Epinephelidae R Lutjanus guttatus Lutjanidae R Hyporthodus mystacinus Epinephelidae R Lutjanus inermis Lutjanidae R Hyporthodus niphobles Epinephelidae R Lutjanus jordani Lutjanidae R Mycteroperca olfax Epinephelidae R Lutjanus novemfasciatus Lutjanidae R Pseudogramma thaumasia Grammistidae R Lutjanus viridis Lutjanidae R Rypticus bicolor Grammistidae R Pristipomoides zonatus Lutjanidae V Rypticus nigripinnis Grammistidae R Diapterus brevirostris Gerreidae R Liopropoma fasciatum Liopropomatidae R Eucinostomus currani Gerreidae R Liopropoma longilepis Liopropomatidae R Eucinostomus dowii Gerreidae R Cratinus agassizii Serranidae R Eucinostomus gracilis Gerreidae R Diplectrum eumelum Serranidae V Eugerres lineatus Gerreidae R Diplectrum rostrum Serranidae R Gerres simillimus Gerreidae R Paralabrax albomaculatus Serranidae RE Anisotremus espinozai Haemulidae R Serranus aequidens Serranidae R Anisotremus scapularis Haemulidae R Serranus psittacinus Serranidae R Brachygenys jessiae Haemulidae RE Serranus stilbostigma Serranidae RE Haemulon maculicauda Haemulidae R Anthias noeli Anthiadidae R Haemulon scudderii Haemulidae R Hemanthias peruanus Anthiadidae V Haemulon sexfasciatum Haemulidae R Pronotogrammus multifasciatusAnthiadidae R Microlepidotus lethopristis Haemulidae RE Bodianus darwini Labridae R Orthopristis cantherina Haemulidae R Bodianus diplotaenia Labridae R Orthopristis chalcea Haemulidae R Bodianus eclancheri Labridae R Orthopristis forbesi Haemulidae RE Calotomus carolinus Labridae-Scarinae V Rhencus macracanthus Haemulidae V Decodon melasma Labridae R Xenichthys agassizii Haemulidae RE Halichoeres adustus Labridae V Xenichthys xanti Haemulidae V Halichoeres chierchiae Labridae R Archosargus pourtalesii Sparidae RE Halichoeres dispilus Labridae R Calamus brachysomus Sparidae R Halichoeres melanotis Labridae V Calamus taurinus Sparidae RE Halichoeres nicholsi Labridae R Corvula macrops Sciaenidae R Halichoeres notospilus Labridae R Larimus pacificus Sciaenidae V Iniistius pavo Labridae R Odontoscion eurymesops Sciaenidae R Nicholsina denticulata Labridae-Scarinae R Pareques perissa Sciaenidae RE Novaculichthys taeniourus Labridae R Umbrina galapagorum Sciaenidae RE Sagittalarva inornata Labridae R 80 TABLE 1 (p. 8) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Scarus compressus Labridae-Scarinae R Kyphosus ocyurus Kyphosidae R Scarus ghobban Labridae-Scarinae R Kyphosus sectatrix Kyphosidae R Scarus perrico Labridae-Scarinae R Kyphosus vaigiensis Kyphosidae R Scarus rubroviolaceus Labridae-Scarinae R Girella freminvillii Girellidae RE Stethojulis bandanensis Labridae R Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Cirrhitidae R Thalassoma grammaticum Labridae R Cirrhitus rivulatus Cirrhitidae R Thalassoma lucasanum Labridae R Oxycirrhites typus Cirrhitidae R Thalassoma purpureum Labridae R Epigonus macrops Epigonidae R Xyrichtys victori Labridae R Howella pammelas Howellidae R Lycodapus australis Zoarcidae R Lobotes pacifica Lobotidae V Melanostigma bathium Zoarcidae R Holacanthus passer Pomacanthidae R Thermarces cerberus Zoarcidae R Pomacanthus zonipectus Pomacanthidae V Ammodytoides gilli Ammodytidae R Chaetodon auriga Chaetodontidae V Kathetostoma averruncus Uranoscopidae V Chaetodon humeralis Chaetodontidae R Bellator farrago Triglidae R Chaetodon kleinii Chaetodontidae V Peristedion crustosum Triglidae R Chaetodon lunula Chaetodontidae V Prionotus miles Triglidae RE Chaetodon meyeri Chaetodontidae V Prionotus stephanophrys Triglidae R Chaetodon unimaculatus Chaetodontidae V Ectreposebastes imus Scorpaenidae R Forcipiger flavissimus Chaetodontidae R Idiastion hageyi Scorpaenidae RE Johnrandallia nigrirostris Chaetodontidae R Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri Scorpaenidae RE Prognathodes carlhubbsi Chaetodontidae R Pontinus clemensi Scorpaenidae R Luvarus imperialis Luvaridae R Pontinus furcirhinus Scorpaenidae R Zanclus cornutus Zanclidae R Pontinus sierra Scorpaenidae R Acanthurus mata Acanthuridae V Scorpaena cocosensis Scorpaenidae R Acanthurus nigricans Acanthuridae R Scorpaena histrio Scorpaenidae R Acanthurus triostegus Acanthuridae V Scorpaena mystes Scorpaenidae R Acanthurus xanthopterus Acanthuridae R Scorpaena wellingtoni Scorpaenidae RE Naso annulatus Acanthuridae V Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus Scorpaenidae R Naso brevirostris Acanthuridae V Scorpaenodes xyris Scorpaenidae R Naso hexacanthus Acanthuridae V Sebastolobus altivelis Scorpaenidae R Naso vlamingii Acanthuridae V Taenianotus triacanthus Scorpaenidae V Prionurus laticlavius Acanthuridae R Trachyscorpia osheri Scorpaenidae R Lophiodes spilurus Lophiidae R Psychrolutes sio Psychrolutidae R Dibranchus cracens Ogcocephalidae RE Paraliparis darwini Liparidae RE Dibranchus discors Ogcocephalidae RE Paraliparis galapagosensis Liparidae RE Dibranchus erinaceus Ogcocephalidae R Kuhlia mugil Kuhliidae R Dibranchus hystrix Ogcocephalidae R Oplegnathus insignis Oplegnathidae R Halieutopsis tumifrons Ogcocephalidae RE Kyphosus cinerascens Kyphosidae V Ogcocephalus darwini Ogcocephalidae R Kyphosus elegans Kyphosidae R Abantennarius sanguineus Antennariidae R 81 TABLE 1 (p. 9) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Antennarius commerson Antennariidae V Sufflamen verres Balistidae R Antennatus strigatus Antennariidae R Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus Balistidae V Fowlerichthys avalonis Antennariidae R Xanthichthys mento Balistidae V Chaunacops coloratus Chaunacidae R Melanocetus murrayi Melanocetidae R Chaenophryne draco Oneirodidae R Dolopichthys allector Oneirodidae R Microlophichthys microlophus Oneirodidae R Pentherichthys atratus Oneirodidae R Cryptopsaras coueseii Ceratiidae R Gigantactis vanhoeffeni Gigantactinidae R Borophryne apogon Linophrynidae R Masturus lanceolatus Molidae R Mola alexandrini Molidae R Chilomycterus reticulatus Diodontidae R Cyclichthys spilostylus Diodontidae V Diodon eydouxii Diodontidae R Diodon holocanthus Diodontidae R Diodon hystrix Diodontidae R Arothron hispidus Tetraodontidae R Arothron meleagris Tetraodontidae R Arothron nigropunctatus Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster amboinensis Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster janthinoptera Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster punctatissima Tetraodontidae R Canthigaster valentini Tetraodontidae V Lagocephalus lagocephalus Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides angusticeps Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides annulatus Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides lobatus Tetraodontidae R Lactoria diaphana Ostraciidae V Ostracion meleagris Ostraciidae R Aluterus monoceros Monacanthidae V Aluterus scriptus Monacanthidae R Cantherhines dumerilii Monacanthidae V Balistes polylepis Balistidae R Canthidermis maculata Balistidae R Melichthys niger Balistidae R Melichthys vidua Balistidae V Pseudobalistes naufragium Balistidae R 82 TABLE 2 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago (683 spp. in family alphabetical order) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Acanthurus mata Acanthuridae V Aulopus chirichignoae Aulopidae R Acanthurus nigricans Acanthuridae R Aulostomus chinensis Aulostomidae R Acanthurus triostegus Acanthuridae V Balistes polylepis Balistidae R Acanthurus xanthopterus Acanthuridae R Canthidermis maculata Balistidae R Naso annulatus Acanthuridae V Melichthys niger Balistidae R Naso brevirostris Acanthuridae V Melichthys vidua Balistidae V Naso hexacanthus Acanthuridae V Pseudobalistes naufragium Balistidae R Naso vlamingii Acanthuridae V Sufflamen verres Balistidae R Prionurus laticlavius Acanthuridae R Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus Balistidae V Trinectes fonsecensis Achiridae V Xanthichthys mento Balistidae V Aetobatus ocellatus Aetobatidae R Bathylagoides nigrigenys Bathylagidae R Albula esuncula Albulidae V Leuroglossus stilbeus Bathylagidae R Bathytroctes microlepis Alepocephalidae R Ablennes hians Belonidae R Einara macrolepis Alepocephalidae R Platybelone argalus pterura Belonidae R Narcetes erimelas Alepocephalidae R Strongylura exilis Belonidae R Photostylus pycnopterus Alepocephalidae R Tylosurus fodiator Belonidae V Alopias pelagicus Alopiidae R Tylosurus pacificus Belonidae V Alopias superciliosus Alopiidae R Entomacrodus chiostictus Blenniidae R Sardinops sagax Alosidae R Hypsoblennius brevipinnis Blenniidae R Ammodytoides gilli Ammodytidae R Ophioblennius steindachneri Blenniidae R Anguilla marmorata Anguillidae R Plagiotremus azaleus Blenniidae R Anoplogaster cornuta Anoplogastridae R Scartichthys gigas Blenniidae V Abantennarius sanguineus Antennariidae R Bothus leopardinus Bothidae R Antennarius commerson Antennariidae V Bothus mancus Bothidae R Antennatus strigatus Antennariidae R Monolene maculipinna Bothidae V Fowlerichthys avalonis Antennariidae R Brama dussumieri Bramidae R Anthias noeli Anthiadidae R Taractes rubescens Bramidae R Hemanthias peruanus Anthiadidae V Branchiostomus elongatus Branchiostomatidae R Pronotogrammus multifasciatus Anthiadidae R Bregmaceros bathymaster Bregmacerotidae V Apogon atradorsatus Apogonidae R Bellottia sp. Bythitidae R Apogon dovii Apogonidae R Calamopteryx jeb Bythitidae RE Apogon pacificus Apogonidae R Cataetyx rubirostris Bythitidae R Argentina aliceae Argentinidae R Cataetyx simus Bythitidae R Bathyraja abyssicola Arhynchobatidae R Diplacanthopoma jordani Bythitidae R Bathyraja peruana Arhynchobatidae R Grammonus diagrammus Bythitidae R Bathyraja richardsoni Arhynchobatidae R Lucifuga inopinata Bythitidae RE Bathyraja spinosissima Arhynchobatidae R Petrotyx hopkinsi Bythitidae R Guentherus altivela Ateleopodidae R Pseudonus acutus Bythitidae RE Atherinella nesiotes Atherinopsidae R Synchiropus atrilabiatus Callionymidae R Melanorhinus cyanellus Atherinopsidae R Alectis ciliaris Carangidae R 83 83 TABLE 2 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Caranx caballus Carangidae R Cryptopsaras coueseii Ceratiidae R Caranx caninus Carangidae R Cetomimus gillii Cetomimidae R Caranx ignobilis Carangidae V Acanthemblemaria castroi Chaenopsidae RE Caranx lugubris Carangidae R Chaenopsis schmitti Chaenopsidae RE Caranx melampygus Carangidae R Chaetodon auriga Chaetodontidae V Caranx sexfasciatus Carangidae R Chaetodon humeralis Chaetodontidae R Decapterus macarellus Carangidae R Chaetodon kleinii Chaetodontidae V Decapterus macrosoma Carangidae R Chaetodon lunula Chaetodontidae V Decapterus muroadsi Carangidae R Chaetodon meyeri Chaetodontidae V Elagatis bipinnulata Carangidae R Chaetodon unimaculatus Chaetodontidae V Euprepocaranx dorsalis Carangidae V Forcipiger flavissimus Chaetodontidae R Ferdauia orthogrammus Carangidae V Johnrandallia nigrirostris Chaetodontidae R Gnathanodon speciosus Carangidae V Prognathodes carlhubbsi Chaetodontidae R Naucrates ductor Carangidae R Chanos chanos Chanidae R Oligoplites inornatus Carangidae R Chaunacops coloratus Chaunacidae R Selar crumenophthalmus Carangidae R Chiasmodon niger Chiasmodontidae R Selene peruviana Carangidae R Chiasmodon subniger Chiasmodontidae R Seriola lalandi Carangidae R Hydrolagus alphus Chimaeridae RE Seriola peruana Carangidae R Hydrolagus mccoskeri Chimaeridae RE Seriola riviolana Carangidae R Hydrolagus melanophasma Chimaeridae R Trachinotus kennedyi Carangidae V Hydrolagus n. sp. Chimaeridae RE Trachinotus paitensis Carangidae R Chlopsis bicollaris Chlopsidae R Trachinotus rhodopus Carangidae R Chlorophthalmus mento Chlorophthalmidae R Trachinotus stilbe Carangidae R Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Cirrhitidae R Trachurus murphyi Carangidae R Cirrhitus rivulatus Cirrhitidae R Uraspis helvola Carangidae R Oxycirrhites typus Cirrhitidae R Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinidae R Harengula thrissina Clupeidae R Carcharhinus altimus Carcharhinidae R Lile stolifera Clupeidae R Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinidae V Opisthonema berlangai Clupeidae RE Carcharhinus falciformis Carcharhinidae R Opisthonema libertate Clupeidae R Carcharhinus galapagensis Carcharhinidae R Ariosoma gilberti Congridae R Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinidae R Bathycongrus varidens Congridae R Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinidae R Heteroconger klausewitzi Congridae R Nasolamia velox Carcharhinidae R Japonoconger proriger Congridae R Prionace glauca Carcharhinidae R Paraconger californiensis Congridae R Triaenodon obesus Carcharhinidae R Paraconger similis Congridae R Paracaristius sp. Caristiidae R Xenomystax atrarius Congridae R Seriolella violacea Centrolophidae R Coryphaena equiselis Coryphaenidae R Centrophorus squamosus Centrophoridae R Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaenidae R Centropomus viridis Centropomidae R Citharichthys darwini Cyclopsettidae RE 84 TABLE 2 (p. 3) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Citharichthys gnathus Cyclopsettidae R Cephalopholis colonus Epinephelidae R Syacium latifrons Cyclopsettidae V Cephalopholis panamensis Epinephelidae R Syacium maculiferum Cyclopsettidae V Dermatolepis dermatolepis Epinephelidae R Symphurus atramentatus Cynoglossidae R Epinephelus analogus Epinephelidae V Symphurus diabolicus Cynoglossidae R Epinephelus labriformis Epinephelidae R Symphurus varius Cynoglossidae R Hyporthodus cifuentesi Epinephelidae R Dactyloscopus lacteus Dactyloscopidae RE Hyporthodus mystacinus Epinephelidae R Gillellus semicinctus Dactyloscopidae R Hyporthodus niphobles Epinephelidae R Myxodagnus sagitta Dactyloscopidae RE Mycteroperca olfax Epinephelidae R Platygillellus rubellulus Dactyloscopidae RE Centroscyllium nigrum Etmopteridae R Isistius brasiliensis Dalatiidae R Evermannella ahlstromi Evermannellidae R Hypanus dipterurus Dasyatidae R Cheilopogon atrisignis Exocoetidae R Hypanus longus Dasyatidae R Cheilopogon dorsomacula Exocoetidae R Pteroplatytrygon violacea Dasyatidae R Cheilopogon spilonotopterus Exocoetidae R Taeniurops meyeni Dasyatidae R Cheilopogon xenopterus Exocoetidae R Ogilbia deroyi Dinematichthyidae RE Cypselurus callopterus Exocoetidae R Ogilbia galapagosensis Dinematichthyidae RE Exocoetus monocirrhus Exocoetidae R Chilomycterus reticulatus Diodontidae R Exocoetus volitans Exocoetidae R Cyclichthys spilostylus Diodontidae V Fodiator rostratus Exocoetidae R Diodon eydouxii Diodontidae R Hirundichthys marginatus Exocoetidae R Diodon holocanthus Diodontidae R Hirundichthys speculiger Exocoetidae R Diodon hystrix Diodontidae R Fistularia commersonii Fistulariidae R Etrumeus acuminatus Dussumieriidae R Fistularia corneta Fistulariidae V Echeneis naucrates Echeneidae R Galeocerdo cuvier Galeocerdonidae R Phtheirichthys lineatus Echeneidae R Gempylus serpens Gempylidae R Remora albescens Echeneidae R Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Gempylidae R Remora brachyptera Echeneidae R Nealotus tripes Gempylidae R Remora osteochir Echeneidae R Ruvettus pretiosus Gempylidae R Remora remora Echeneidae R Diapterus brevirostris Gerreidae R Echinorhinus cookei Echinorhinidae R Eucinostomus currani Gerreidae R Dormitator latifrons Eleotridae V Eucinostomus dowii Gerreidae R Eleotris picta Eleotridae V Eucinostomus gracilis Gerreidae R Gobiomorus maculatus Eleotridae V Eugerres lineatus Gerreidae R Elops affinis Elopidae V Gerres simillimus Gerreidae R Anchoa argentivittata Engraulidae R Gigantactis vanhoeffeni Gigantactinidae R Anchoa ischana Engraulidae R Girella freminvillii Girellidae RE Cetengraulis mysticetus Engraulidae V Arcos poecilophthalmos Gobiesocidae R Engraulis ringens Engraulidae R Tomicodon chilensis Gobiesocidae R Epigonus macrops Epigonidae R Tomicodon petersii Gobiesocidae R Alphestes immaculatus Epinephelidae R Bathygobius lineatus Gobiidae R 85 TABLE 2 (p. 4) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Chriolepis tagus Gobiidae RE Heterodontus quoyi Heterodontidae R Clarkichthys bilineatus Gobiidae R Hexanchus griseus Hexanchidae R Coryphopterus urospilus Gobiidae R Notorynchus cepedianus Hexanchidae R Eleotrica cableae Gobiidae RE Myripristis berndti Holocentridae R Evorthodus minutus Gobiidae V Myripristis leiognathus Holocentridae R Lythrypnus gilberti Gobiidae RE Neoniphon suborbitalis Holocentridae R Lythrypnus rhizophora Gobiidae R Howella pammelas Howellidae R Microdesmus dipus Gobiidae V Bathypterois atricolor Ipnopidae R Schindleria praematura Gobiidae R Bathypterois pectinatus Ipnopidae R Tigrigobius nesiotes Gobiidae R Ipnops agassizii Ipnopidae R Cyclothone acclinidens Gonostomatidae R Istiompax indica Istiophoridae R Cyclothone alba Gonostomatidae R Istiophorus platypterus Istiophoridae R Cyclothone atraria Gonostomatidae R Kajikia audax Istiophoridae R Cyclothone obscura Gonostomatidae R Makaira nigricans Istiophoridae R Cyclothone pallida Gonostomatidae R Tetrapturus angustirostris Istiophoridae R Cyclothone signata Gonostomatidae R Kuhlia mugil Kuhliidae R Diplophos proximus Gonostomatidae R Kyphosus cinerascens Kyphosidae V Pseudogramma thaumasia Grammistidae R Kyphosus elegans Kyphosidae R Rypticus bicolor Grammistidae R Kyphosus ocyurus Kyphosidae R Rypticus nigripinnis Grammistidae R Kyphosus sectatrix Kyphosidae R Gurgesiella furvescens Gurgesiellidae R Kyphosus vaigiensis Kyphosidae R Anisotremus espinozai Haemulidae R Bodianus darwini Labridae R Anisotremus scapularis Haemulidae R Bodianus diplotaenia Labridae R Brachygenys jessiae Haemulidae RE Bodianus eclancheri Labridae R Haemulon maculicauda Haemulidae R Calotomus carolinus Labridae-Scarinae V Haemulon scudderii Haemulidae R Decodon melasma Labridae R Haemulon sexfasciatum Haemulidae R Halichoeres adustus Labridae V Microlepidotus lethopristis Haemulidae RE Halichoeres chierchiae Labridae R Orthopristis cantherina Haemulidae R Halichoeres dispilus Labridae R Orthopristis chalcea Haemulidae R Halichoeres melanotis Labridae V Orthopristis forbesi Haemulidae RE Halichoeres nicholsi Labridae R Rhencus macracanthus Haemulidae V Halichoeres notospilus Labridae R Xenichthys agassizii Haemulidae RE Iniistius pavo Labridae R Xenichthys xanti Haemulidae V Nicholsina denticulata Labridae-Scarinae R Halosaurus attenuatus Halosauridae R Novaculichthys taeniourus Labridae R Euleptorhamphus viridis Hemiramphidae R Sagittalarva inornata Labridae R Hemiramphus saltator Hemiramphidae R Scarus compressus Labridae-Scarinae R Hyporhamphus gilli Hemiramphidae V Scarus ghobban Labridae-Scarinae R Hyporhamphus naos Hemiramphidae R Scarus perrico Labridae-Scarinae R Oxyporhamphus micropterus Hemiramphidae R Scarus rubroviolaceus Labridae-Scarinae R 86 TABLE 2 (p. 5) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Stethojulis bandanensis Labridae R Coryphaenoides bulbiceps Macrouridae R Thalassoma grammaticum Labridae R Coryphaenoides delsolari Macrouridae R Thalassoma lucasanum Labridae R Coryphaenoides gypsochilus Macrouridae RE Thalassoma purpureum Labridae R Coryphaenoides myersi Macrouridae RE Xyrichtys victori Labridae R Mataeocephalus tenuicauda Macrouridae R Cottoclinus canops Labrisomidae RE Nezumia convergens Macrouridae R Dialommus fuscus Labrisomidae R Nezumia loricata Macrouridae RE Gobioclinus dendriticus Labrisomidae R Nezumia stelgidolepis Macrouridae R Labrisomus jenkinsi Labrisomidae RE Nezumia ventralis Macrouridae RE Labrisomus multiporosus Labrisomidae R Malacanthus brevirostris Malacanthidae R Malacoctenus tetranemus Labrisomidae R Hemilutjanus macrophthalmosMalakichthyidae R Malacoctenus zonogaster Labrisomidae RE Melamphaeus laeviceps Melamphaidae R Starksia galapagensis Labrisomidae RE Melamphaeus spinifer Melamphaidae R Carcharodon carcharias Lamnidae V Poromitra crassiceps Melamphaidae R Isurus oxyrinchus Lamnidae R Poromitra frontosa Melamphaidae R Caulolatilus affinis Latilidae R Poromitra jucunda Melamphaidae R Caulolatilus princeps Latilidae R Poromitra nigrofulva Melamphaidae R Borophryne apogon Linophrynidae R Poromitra oscitans Melamphaidae R Liopropoma fasciatum Liopropomatidae R Scopeloberyx opisthopterus Melamphaidae R Liopropoma longilepis Liopropomatidae R Scopeloberyx robustus Melamphaidae R Paraliparis darwini Liparidae RE Scopelogadus bispinosus Melamphaidae R Paraliparis galapagosensis Liparidae RE Melanocetus murrayi Melanocetidae R Lobotes pacifica Lobotidae V Mobula birostris Mobulidae R Lophiodes spilurus Lophiidae R Mobula mobular Mobulidae R Hoplopagrus guentherii Lutjanidae R Mobula munkiana Mobulidae R Lutjanus aratus Lutjanidae R Mobula tarapacana Mobulidae R Lutjanus argentiventris Lutjanidae R Mobula thurstoni Mobulidae R Lutjanus colorado Lutjanidae V Masturus lanceolatus Molidae R Lutjanus guttatus Lutjanidae R Mola alexandrini Molidae R Lutjanus inermis Lutjanidae R Aluterus monoceros Monacanthidae V Lutjanus jordani Lutjanidae R Aluterus scriptus Monacanthidae R Lutjanus novemfasciatus Lutjanidae R Cantherhines dumerilii Monacanthidae V Lutjanus viridis Lutjanidae R Antimora rostrata Moridae R Pristipomoides zonatus Lutjanidae V Gadella filifer Moridae R Luvarus imperialis Luvaridae R Gadella thysthlon Moridae RE Coelorinchus canus Macrouridae R Laemonema gracillipes Moridae R Coryphaenoides anguliceps Macrouridae R Physiculus nematopus Moridae R Coryphaenoides armatus Macrouridae R Chaenomugil proboscideus Mugilidae R Coryphaenoides boops Macrouridae R Dajaus monticola Mugilidae R Coryphaenoides bucephalus Macrouridae R Mugil galapagensis Mugilidae RE 87 TABLE 2 (p. 6) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Mugil thoburni Mugilidae RE Lampanyctus macropterus Myctophidae R Mulloidichthys dentatus Mullidae R Lampanyctus omostigma Myctophidae R Pseudupeneus grandisquamis Mullidae R Lampanyctus parvicauda Myctophidae R Anarchias galapagensis Muraenidae R Lampanyctus ritteri Myctophidae R Echidna nebulosa Muraenidae R Lampanyctus tenuiformis Myctophidae R Echidna nocturna Muraenidae R Loweina rara Myctophidae R Enchelycore lichenosa Muraenidae R Myctophum affine Myctophidae R Enchelycore octaviana Muraenidae R Myctophum aurolaternatum Myctophidae R Gymnomuraena zebra Muraenidae R Myctophum brachygnathum Myctophidae R Gymnothorax angusticeps Muraenidae R Myctophum nitidulum Myctophidae R Gymnothorax buroensis Muraenidae V Notolychnus valdiviae Myctophidae R Gymnothorax castaneus Muraenidae R Notoscopelus elongatus Myctophidae R Gymnothorax dovii Muraenidae R Notoscopelus resplendens Myctophidae R Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Muraenidae V Symbolophorus evermanni Myctophidae R Gymnothorax javanicus Muraenidae V Symbolophorus reversus Myctophidae R Gymnothorax meleagris Muraenidae V Triphoturus mexicanus Myctophidae R Gymnothorax panamensis Muraenidae R Triphoturus oculeum Myctophidae R Gymnothorax pictus Muraenidae V Aetomylaeus asperrimus Myliobatidae V Gymnothorax porphyreus Muraenidae V Myliobatis peruviana Myliobatidae R Gymnothorax undulatus Muraenidae V Myroconger nigrodentatus Myrocongridae R Muraena argus Muraenidae R Eptatretus bobwisneri Myxinidae RE Muraena clepsydra Muraenidae R Eptatretus goslinei Myxinidae RE Muraena lentiginosa Muraenidae R Eptatretus grouseri Myxinidae RE Scuticaria tigrina Muraenidae V Eptatretus mccoskeri Myxinidae RE Uropterygius macrocephalus Muraenidae R Myxine greggi Myxinidae RE Uropterygius polystictus Muraenidae R Myxine martinii Myxinidae RE Uropterygius versutus Muraenidae R Myxine phantasma Myxinidae RE Bolinichthys longipes Myctophidae R Rubicundus lakeside Myxinidae RE Centrobranchus nigroocellatus Myctophidae R Nemichthys scolopaceus Nemichthyidae R Diaphus pacificus Myctophidae R Scopelengys tristis Neoscopelidae R Diaphus rafenesqii Myctophidae R Facciolella equatorialis Nettastomatidae R Diaphus termophilus Myctophidae R Cubiceps pauciradiatus Nomeidae R Diaphus theta Myctophidae R Nomeus gronovii Nomeidae R Diogenichthys laternatus Myctophidae R Psenes arafurensis Nomeidae R Gonichthys tenuiculus Myctophidae R Psenes cyanophrys Nomeidae R Gonichthys venetus Myctophidae R Psenes pellucidus Nomeidae R Hygophum reinhardti Myctophidae R Psenes sio Nomeidae R Lampadena luminosa Myctophidae R Notacanthus spinosus Notacanthidae R Lampanyctus hubbsi Myctophidae R Scopelosaurus hubbsi Notosudidae R Lampanyctus idostigma Myctophidae R Odontaspis ferox Odontaspididae R 88 TABLE 2 (p. 7) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Dibranchus cracens Ogcocephalidae RE Lestidiops pacificus Paralepididae R Dibranchus discors Ogcocephalidae RE Stemonosudis macrura Paralepididae R Dibranchus erinaceus Ogcocephalidae R Hippoglossina bollmani Paralichthyidae R Dibranchus hystrix Ogcocephalidae R Paralichthys woolmani Paralichthyidae R Halieutopsis tumifrons Ogcocephalidae RE Apristurus kampae Pentanchidae R Ogcocephalus darwini Ogcocephalidae R Apristurus n. sp. Pentanchidae RE Chaenophryne draco Oneirodidae R Ichthyococcus irregularis Phosichthyidae R Dolopichthys allector Oneirodidae R Vinciguerria lucetia Phosichthyidae R Microlophichthys microlophus Oneirodidae R Vinciguerria poweriae Phosichthyidae R Pentherichthys atratus Oneirodidae R Yarella argentiola Phosichthyidae R Apterichtus equatorialis Ophichthidae R Holtbyrnia latifrons Platytroctidae R Bascanichthys bascanoides Ophichthidae R Maulisia isaacsi Platytroctidae R Callechelys galapagensis Ophichthidae RE Platytroctes apus Platytroctidae R Herpetoichthys fossatus Ophichthidae R Polydactylus approximans Polynemidae V Ichthyapus selachops Ophichthidae R Holacanthus passer Pomacanthidae R Myrichthys xysturus Ophichthidae R Pomacanthus zonipectus Pomacanthidae V Ophichthus arneutes Ophichthidae RE Abudefduf concolor Pomacentridae R Ophichthus rugifer Ophichthidae R Abudefduf troschelii Pomacentridae R Paraletharchus opercularis Ophichthidae R Azurina atrilobata Pomacentridae R Phaenomonas pinnata Ophichthidae R Azurina eupalama Pomacentridae RE Quassiremus evionthas Ophichthidae R Azurina intercrusma Pomacentridae V Scytalichthys miurus Ophichthidae V Chromis alta Pomacentridae R Bathyonus caudalis Ophidiidae R Microspathodon bairdii Pomacentridae R Brotula ordwayi Ophidiidae R Microspathodon dorsalis Pomacentridae R Carapus mourlani Ophidiidae R Nexilosus latifrons Pomacentridae R Dicrolene nigra Ophidiidae R Stegastes acapulcoensis Pomacentridae R Echiodon exsilium Ophidiidae R Stegastes arcifrons Pomacentridae R Encheliophis vermicularis Ophidiidae R Stegastes beebei Pomacentridae R Eretmichthys pinnatus Ophidiidae R Stegastes flavilatus Pomacentridae R Lamprogrammus niger Ophidiidae R Styracura pacifica Potamotrygonidae R Lepophidium pardale Ophidiidae R Heteropriacanthus carolinus Priacanthidae R Monomitopus malispinosus Ophidiidae R Pristigenys serrula Priacanthidae R Monomitopus torvus Ophidiidae R Psychrolutes sio Psychrolutidae R Ophidion galapagensis Ophidiidae R Rajella eisenhardti Rajidae RE Otophidium indefatigabile Ophidiidae R Rostroraja velezi Rajidae R Dolichopteryx pseudolongipes Opisthoproctidae R Regalecus russellii Regalacidae R Opistognathus galapagensis Opistognathidae RE Rhincodon typus Rhincodontidae R Oplegnathus insignis Oplegnathidae R Pseudobatos planiceps Rhinobatidae R Lactoria diaphana Ostraciidae V Rhinoptera steindachneri Rhinopteridae R Ostracion meleagris Ostraciidae R Rondeletia loricata Rondeletiidae R 89 TABLE 2 (p. 8) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Corvula macrops Sciaenidae R Serranus aequidens Serranidae R Larimus pacificus Sciaenidae V Serranus psittacinus Serranidae R Odontoscion eurymesops Sciaenidae R Serranus stilbostigma Serranidae RE Pareques perissa Sciaenidae RE Serrivomer sector Serrivomeridae R Umbrina galapagorum Sciaenidae RE Aseraggodes herrei Soleidae R Cololabis adocetus Scomberesocidae R Archosargus pourtalesii Sparidae RE Acanthocybium solandri Scombridae R Calamus brachysomus Sparidae R Auxis rochei Scombridae R Calamus taurinus Sparidae RE Auxis thazard Scombridae R Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraenidae V Euthynnus lineatus Scombridae R Sphyraena idiastes Sphyraenidae R Katsuwonus pelamis Scombridae R Sphyraena stellata Sphyraenidae R Sarda orientalis Scombridae R Sphyrna lewini Sphyrnidae R Scomber japonicus Scombridae R Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrnidae R Scomberomorus sierra Scombridae R Argyropelecus aculeatus Sternoptychidae R Thunnus albacares Scombridae R Argyropelecus affinis Sternoptychidae R Thunnus obesus Scombridae R Argyropelecus lychnus Sternoptychidae R Rosenblattichthys volucris Scopelarchidae R Argyropelecus olfersii Sternoptychidae R Scopelarchoides nicholsi Scopelarchidae R Argyropelecus sladeni Sternoptychidae R Scopelarchus guentheri Scopelarchidae R Maurolicus australis Sternoptychidae R Ectreposebastes imus Scorpaenidae R Sternoptyx diaphana Sternoptychidae R Idiastion hageyi Scorpaenidae RE Sternoptyx obscura Sternoptychidae R Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri Scorpaenidae RE Sternoptyx pseudobscura Sternoptychidae R Pontinus clemensi Scorpaenidae R Valencienellus tripunctulatus Sternoptychidae R Pontinus furcirhinus Scorpaenidae R Astronesthes cyanea Stomiidae R Pontinus sierra Scorpaenidae R Astronesthes galapagensis Stomiidae R Scorpaena cocosensis Scorpaenidae R Astronesthes gibbsi Stomiidae R Scorpaena histrio Scorpaenidae R Astronesthes indica Stomiidae R Scorpaena mystes Scorpaenidae R Astronesthes lampara Stomiidae R Scorpaena wellingtoni Scorpaenidae RE Bathophilus filifer Stomiidae R Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus Scorpaenidae R Borostomias elucens Stomiidae R Scorpaenodes xyris Scorpaenidae R Borostomias panamensis Stomiidae R Sebastolobus altivelis Scorpaenidae R Chauliodus barbatus Stomiidae R Taenianotus triacanthus Scorpaenidae V Chauliodus sloani Stomiidae R Trachyscorpia osheri Scorpaenidae R Idiacanthus antrostomus Stomiidae R Bythaelurus giddingsi Scyliorhinidae RE Malacosteus niger Stomiidae R Galeus n. sp. Scyliorhinidae RE Stomias atriventer Stomiidae R Cratinus agassizii Serranidae R Stomias colubrinus Stomiidae R Diplectrum eumelum Serranidae V Peprilus medius Stromateidae R Diplectrum rostrum Serranidae R Stylephorus chordatus Stylephoridae R Paralabrax albomaculatus Serranidae RE Ilyophis arx Synaphobranchidae R 90 TABLE 2 (p. 9) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Ilyophis brunneus Synaphobranchidae R Lycodapus australis Zoarcidae R Bryx veleronis Syngnathidae R Melanostigma bathium Zoarcidae R Cosmocampus coccineus Syngnathidae R Thermarces cerberus Zoarcidae R Doryrhamphus melanopleura Syngnathidae R Hippocampus ingens Syngnathidae R Synodus lacertinus Synodontidae R Synodus scituliceps Synodontidae R Synodus sechurae Synodontidae R Tetragonurus atlanticus Tetragonuridae R Arothron hispidus Tetraodontidae R Arothron meleagris Tetraodontidae R Arothron nigropunctatus Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster amboinensis Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster janthinoptera Tetraodontidae V Canthigaster punctatissima Tetraodontidae R Canthigaster valentini Tetraodontidae V Lagocephalus lagocephalus Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides angusticeps Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides annulatus Tetraodontidae R Sphoeroides lobatus Tetraodontidae R Tetronarce tremens Torpedinidae R Hoplostethus pacificus Trachichthyidae RE Desmodema polystictum Trachipteridae R Zu cristatus Trachipteridae R Trachyrincus helolepis Trachyrincidae R Mustelus albipinnis Triakidae R Mustelus mento Triakidae R Triakis maculata Triakidae R Aphanopus capricornis Trichiuridae R Benthodesmus tenuis Trichiuridae R Lepidopus manis Trichiuridae R Trichiurus nitens Trichiuridae R Bellator farrago Triglidae R Peristedion crustosum Triglidae R Prionotus miles Triglidae RE Prionotus stephanophrys Triglidae R Lepidonectes corallicola Tripterygiidae RE Kathetostoma averruncus Uranoscopidae V Xiphias gladius Xiphiidae R Zanclus cornutus Zanclidae R 91 TABLE 3 Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago endemic species (67 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Calamopteryx jeb BYTHITIDAE RE Myxine greggi MYXINIDAE RE Lucifuga inopinata BYTHITIDAE RE Myxine martinii MYXINIDAE RE Pseudonus acutus BYTHITIDAE RE Myxine phantasma MYXINIDAE RE Acanthemblemaria castroi CHAENOPSIDAE RE Rubicundus lakeside MYXINIDAE RE Chaenopsis schmitti CHAENOPSIDAE RE Dibranchus cracens OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Hydrolagus alphus CHIMAERIDAE RE Dibranchus discors OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Hydrolagus mccoskeri CHIMAERIDAE RE Halieutopsis tumifrons OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Hydrolagus n. sp. CHIMAERIDAE RE Callechelys galapagensis OPHICHTHIDAE RE Opisthonema berlangai CLUPEIDAE RE Ophichthus arneutes OPHICHTHIDAE RE Citharichthys darwini CYCLOPSETTA RE Opistognathus galapagensis OPISTOGNATHIDAE RE Dactyloscopus lacteus DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Apristurus n. sp. PENTANCHIDAE RE Myxodagnus sagitta DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Azurina eupalama POMACENTRIDAE RE Platygillellus rubellulus DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Rajella eisenhardti RAJIDAE RE Ogilbia deroyi DINEMATICHTHYIDAE RE Pareques perissa SCIAENIDAE RE Ogilbia galapagosensis DINEMATICHTHYIDAE RE Umbrina galapagorum SCIAENIDAE RE Girella freminvillii GIRELLIDAE RE Idiastion hageyi SCORPAENIDAE RE Chriolepis tagus GOBIIDAE RE Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri SCORPAENIDAE RE Eleotrica cableae GOBIIDAE RE Scorpaena wellingtoni SCORPAENIDAE RE Lythrypnus gilberti GOBIIDAE RE Bythaelurus giddingsi SCYLIORHINIDAE RE Brachygenys jessiae HAEMULIDAE RE Galeus n. sp. SCYLIORHINIDAE RE Microlepidotus lethopristis HAEMULIDAE RE Paralabrax albomaculatus SERRANIDAE RE Orthopristis forbesi HAEMULIDAE RE Serranus stilbostigma SERRANIDAE RE Xenichthys agassizii HAEMULIDAE RE Archosargus pourtalesii SPARIDAE RE Cottoclinus canops LABRISOMIDAE RE Calamus taurinus SPARIDAE RE Labrisomus jenkinsi LABRISOMIDAE RE Hoplostethus pacificus TRACHICHTHYIDAE RE Malacoctenus zonogaster LABRISOMIDAE RE Prionotus miles TRIGLIDAE RE Starksia galapagensis LABRISOMIDAE RE Lepidonectes corallicola TRIPTERYGIIDAE RE Paraliparis darwini LIPARIDAE RE Paraliparis galapagosensis LIPARIDAE RE Coryphaenoides gypsochilus MACROURIDAE RE Coryphaenoides myersi MACROURIDAE RE Nezumia loricata MACROURIDAE RE Nezumia ventralis MACROURIDAE RE Gadella thysthlon MORIDAE RE Mugil galapagensis MUGILIDAE RE Mugil thoburni MUGILIDAE RE Eptatretus bobwisneri MYXINIDAE RE Eptatretus goslinei MYXINIDAE RE Eptatretus grouseri MYXINIDAE RE Eptatretus mccoskeri MYXINIDAE RE 92 TABLE 4 Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago shallow shorefish vagrants (65 spp.) & other vagrants (12 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Acanthurus mata ACANTHURIDAE V Lutjanus colorado LUTJANIDAE V Acanthurus triostegus ACANTHURIDAE V Pristipomoides zonatus LUTJANIDAE V Naso annulatus ACANTHURIDAE V Aluterus monoceros MONACANTHIDAE V Naso brevirostris ACANTHURIDAE V Cantherhines dumerilii MONACANTHIDAE V Naso hexacanthus ACANTHURIDAE V Gymnothorax buroensis MURAENIDAE V Naso vlamingii ACANTHURIDAE V Gymnothorax flavimarginatus MURAENIDAE V Trinectes fonsecensis ACHIRIDAE V Gymnothorax javanicus MURAENIDAE V Albula esuncula ALBULIDAE V Gymnothorax meleagris MURAENIDAE V Antennarius commerson ANTENNARIIDAE V Gymnothorax pictus MURAENIDAE V Melichthys vidua BALISTIDAE V Gymnothorax porphyreus MURAENIDAE V Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus BALISTIDAE V Gymnothorax undulatus MURAENIDAE V Xanthichthys mento BALISTIDAE V Scuticaria tigrina MURAENIDAE V Tylosurus fodiator BELONIDAE V Scytalichthys miurus OPHICHTHIDAE V Tylosurus pacificus BELONIDAE V Polydactylus approximans POLYNEMIDAE V Scartichthys gigas BLENNIIDAE V Pomacanthus zonipectus POMACANTHIDAE V Chaetodon auriga CHAETODONTIDAE V Azurina intercrusma POMACENTRIDAE V Chaetodon kleinii CHAETODONTIDAE V Larimus pacificus SCIAENIDAE V Chaetodon lunula CHAETODONTIDAE V Taenianotus triacanthus SCORPAENIDAE V Chaetodon meyeri CHAETODONTIDAE V Diplectrum eumelum SERRANIDAE V Chaetodon unimaculatus CHAETODONTIDAE V Sphyraena barracuda SPHYRAENIDAE V Syacium latifrons CYCLOPSETTIDAE V Arothron nigropunctatus TETRAODONTIDAE V Syacium maculiferum CYCLOPSETTIDAE V Canthigaster amboinensis TETRAODONTIDAE V Cyclichthys spilostylus DIODONTIDAE V Canthigaster janthinoptera TETRAODONTIDAE V Dormitator latifrons ELEOTRIDAE V Canthigaster valentini TETRAODONTIDAE V Eleotris picta ELEOTRIDAE V Kathetostoma averruncus URANOSCOPIDAE V Gobiomorus maculatus ELEOTRIDAE V Elops affinis ELOPIDAE V NON-SHALLOW-SHOREFISH CATEGORY VAGRANTS (12) Cetengraulis mysticetus ENGRAULIDAE V Epinephelus analogus EPINEPHELIDAE V Hemanthias peruanus ANTHIADIDAE V Fistularia corneta FISTULARIIDAE V Monolene maculipinna BOTHIDAE V Evorthodus minutus GOBIIDAE V Bregmaceros bathymaster BREGMACEROTIDAE V Microdesmus dipus GOBIIDAE V Caranx ignobilis CARANGIDAE V Rhencus macracanthus HAEMULIDAE V Euprepocaranx dorsalis CARANGIDAE V Xenichthys xanti HAEMULIDAE V Ferdauia orthogrammus CARANGIDAE V Hyporhamphus gilli HEMIRAMPHIDAE V Gnathanodon speciosus CARANGIDAE V Kyphosus cinerascens KYPHOSIDAE V Trachinotus kennedyi CARANGIDAE V Calotomus carolinus LABRIDAE-SCARINAE V Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos CARCHARHINIDAE V Halichoeres adustus LABRIDAE V Carcharodon carcharias LAMNIDAE V Halichoeres melanotis LABRIDAE V Aetomylaeus asperrimus MYLIOBATIDAE V Lobotes pacifica LOBOTIDAE V Lactoria diaphana OSTRACIIDAE V 93 TABLE 5 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago shallow shorefish residents (261 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Acanthurus nigricans ACANTHURIDAE R Chanos chanos CHANIDAE R Acanthurus xanthopterus ACANTHURIDAE R Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus CIRRHITIDAE R Prionurus laticlavius ACANTHURIDAE R Cirrhitus rivulatus CIRRHITIDAE R Sardinops sagax ALOSIDAE R Oxycirrhites typus CIRRHITIDAE R Ammodytoides gilli AMMODYTIDAE R Harengula thrissina CLUPEIDAE R Anguilla marmorata ANGUILLIDAE R Lile stolifera CLUPEIDAE R Abantennarius sanguineus ANTENNARIIDAE R Opisthonema berlangai CLUPEIDAE RE Antennatus strigatus ANTENNARIIDAE R Opisthonema libertate CLUPEIDAE R Fowlerichthys avalonis ANTENNARIIDAE R Heteroconger klausewitzi CONGRIDAE R Apogon atradorsatus APOGONIDAE R Citharichthys darwini CYCLOPSETTIDAE RE Apogon dovii APOGONIDAE R Citharichthys gnathus CYCLOPSETTIDAE R Apogon pacificus APOGONIDAE R Symphurus atramentatus CYNOGLOSSIDAE R Atherinella nesiotes ATHERINOPSIDAE R Dactyloscopus lacteus DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Melanorhinus cyanellus ATHERINOPSIDAE R Gillellus semicinctus DACTYLOSCOPIDAE R Aulostomus chinensis AULOSTOMIDAE R Myxodagnus sagitta DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Balistes polylepis BALISTIDAE R Platygillellus rubellulus DACTYLOSCOPIDAE RE Canthidermis maculata BALISTIDAE R Hypanus dipterurus DASYATIDAE R Melichthys niger BALISTIDAE R Hypanus longus DASYATIDAE R Pseudobalistes naufragium BALISTIDAE R Ogilbia deroyi DINEMATICHTHYIDAE RE Sufflamen verres BALISTIDAE R Ogilbia galapagosensis DINEMATICHTHYIDAE RE Platybelone argalus pterura BELONIDAE R Chilomycterus reticulatus DIODONTIDAE R Strongylura exilis BELONIDAE R Diodon holocanthus DIODONTIDAE R Entomacrodus chiostictus BLENNIIDAE R Diodon hystrix DIODONTIDAE R Hypsoblennius brevipinnis BLENNIIDAE R Etrumeus acuminatus DUSSUMIERIIDAE R Ophioblennius steindachneri BLENNIIDAE R Anchoa argentivittata ENGRAULIDAE R Plagiotremus azaleus BLENNIIDAE R Anchoa ischana ENGRAULIDAE R Bothus leopardinus BOTHIDAE R Engraulis ringens ENGRAULIDAE R Bothus mancus BOTHIDAE R Alphestes immaculatus EPINEPHELIDAE R Branchiostomus elongatus BRANCHIOSTOMATIDAE R Cephalopholis colonus EPINEPHELIDAE R Calamopteryx jeb BYTHITIDAE RE Cephalopholis panamensis EPINEPHELIDAE R Grammonus diagrammus BYTHITIDAE R Dermatolepis dermatolepis EPINEPHELIDAE R Petrotyx hopkinsi BYTHITIDAE R Epinephelus labriformis EPINEPHELIDAE R Synchiropus atrilabiatus CALLIONYMIDAE R Hyporthodus mystacinus EPINEPHELIDAE R Centropomus viridis CENTROPOMIDAE R Hyporthodus niphobles EPINEPHELIDAE R Acanthemblemaria castroi CHAENOPSIDAE RE Mycteroperca olfax EPINEPHELIDAE R Chaenopsis schmitti CHAENOPSIDAE RE Fistularia commersonii FISTULARIIDAE R Chaetodon humeralis CHAETODONTIDAE R Diapterus brevirostris GERREIDAE R Forcipiger flavissimus CHAETODONTIDAE R Eucinostomus currani GERREIDAE R Johnrandallia nigrirostris CHAETODONTIDAE R Eucinostomus dowii GERREIDAE R Prognathodes carlhubbsi CHAETODONTIDAE R Eucinostomus gracilis GERREIDAE R 94 TABLE 5 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago shallow shorefish residents (261 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Eugerres lineatus GERREIDAE R Bodianus darwini LABRIDAE R Gerres simillimus GERREIDAE R Bodianus diplotaenia LABRIDAE R Girella freminvillii GIRELLIDAE RE Bodianus eclancheri LABRIDAE R Arcos poecilophthalmos GOBIESOCIDAE R Halichoeres chierchiae LABRIDAE R Tomicodon chilensis GOBIESOCIDAE R Halichoeres dispilus LABRIDAE R Tomicodon petersii GOBIESOCIDAE R Halichoeres nicholsi LABRIDAE R Bathygobius lineatus GOBIIDAE R Halichoeres notospilus LABRIDAE R Chriolepis tagus GOBIIDAE RE Iniistius pavo LABRIDAE R Clarkichthys bilineatus GOBIIDAE R Nicholsina denticulata LABRIDAE-SCARINAE R Coryphopterus urospilus GOBIIDAE R Novaculichthys taeniourus LABRIDAE R Eleotrica cableae GOBIIDAE RE Scarus compressus LABRIDAE-SCARINAE R Lythrypnus gilberti GOBIIDAE RE Scarus ghobban LABRIDAE-SCARINAE R Lythrypnus rhizophora GOBIIDAE R Scarus perrico LABRIDAE-SCARINAE R Schindleria praematura GOBIIDAE R Scarus rubroviolaceus LABRIDAE-SCARINAE R Tigrigobius nesiotes GOBIIDAE R Stethojulis bandanensis LABRIDAE R Pseudogramma thaumasia GRAMMISTIDAE R Thalassoma grammaticum LABRIDAE R Rypticus bicolor GRAMMISTIDAE R Thalassoma lucasanum LABRIDAE R Rypticus nigripinnis GRAMMISTIDAE R Thalassoma purpureum LABRIDAE R Anisotremus espinozai HAEMULIDAE R Xyrichtys victori LABRIDAE R Anisotremus scapularis HAEMULIDAE R Cottoclinus canops LABRISOMIDAE RE Brachygenys jessiae HAEMULIDAE RE Dialommus fuscus LABRISOMIDAE R Haemulon maculicauda HAEMULIDAE R Gobioclinus dendriticus LABRISOMIDAE R Haemulon scudderii HAEMULIDAE R Labrisomus jenkinsi LABRISOMIDAE RE Haemulon sexfasciatum HAEMULIDAE R Labrisomus multiporosus LABRISOMIDAE R Microlepidotus lethopristis HAEMULIDAE RE Malacoctenus tetranemus LABRISOMIDAE R Orthopristis cantharina HAEMULIDAE R Malacoctenus zonogaster LABRISOMIDAE RE Orthopristis chalcea HAEMULIDAE R Starksia galapagensis LABRISOMIDAE RE Orthopristis forbesi HAEMULIDAE RE Caulolatilus affinis LATILIDAE R Xenichthys agassizii HAEMULIDAE RE Caulolatilus princeps LATILIDAE R Hemiramphus saltator HEMIRAMPHIDAE R Liopropoma fasciatum LIOPROPOMATIDAE R Hyporhamphus naos HEMIRAMPHIDAE R Hoplopagrus guentherii LUTJANIDAE R Heterodontus quoyi HETERODONTIDAE R Lutjanus aratus LUTJANIDAE R Myripristis berndti HOLOCENTRIDAE R Lutjanus argentiventris LUTJANIDAE R Myripristis leiognathus HOLOCENTRIDAE R Lutjanus guttatus LUTJANIDAE R Neoniphon suborbitalis HOLOCENTRIDAE R Lutjanus inermis LUTJANIDAE R Kuhlia mugil KUHLIIDAE R Lutjanus jordani LUTJANIDAE R Kyphosus elegans KYPHOSIDAE R Lutjanus novemfasciatus LUTJANIDAE R Kyphosus ocyurus KYPHOSIDAE R Lutjanus viridis LUTJANIDAE R Kyphosus sectatrix KYPHOSIDAE R Malacanthus brevirostris MALACANTHIDAE R Kyphosus vaigiensis KYPHOSIDAE R Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos MALAKICHTHYIDAE R 95 TABLE 5 (p. 3) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago shallow shorefish residents (261 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Aluterus scriptus MONACANTHIDAE R Ophidion galapagensis OPHIDIIDAE R Chaenomugil proboscideus MUGILIDAE R Otophidium indefatigabile OPHIDIIDAE R Dajaus monticola MUGILIDAE R Opistognathus galapagensis OPISTOGNATHIDAE RE Mugil galapagensis MUGILIDAE RE Oplegnathus insignis OPLEGNATHIDAE R Mugil thoburni MUGILIDAE RE Ostracion meleagris OSTRACIIDAE R Mulloidichthys dentatus MULLIDAE R Hippoglossina bollmani PARALICHTHYIDAE R Pseudupeneus grandisquamis MULLIDAE R Paralichthys woolmani PARALICHTHYIDAE R Anarchias galapagensis MURAENIDAE R Holacanthus passer POMACANTHIDAE R Echidna nebulosa MURAENIDAE R Abudefduf concolor POMACENTRIDAE R Echidna nocturna MURAENIDAE R Abudefduf troschelii POMACENTRIDAE R Enchelycore lichenosa MURAENIDAE R Azurina atrilobata POMACENTRIDAE R Enchelycore octaviana MURAENIDAE R Azurina eupalama POMACENTRIDAE RE Gymnomuraena zebra MURAENIDAE R Chromis alta POMACENTRIDAE R Gymnothorax angusticeps MURAENIDAE R Microspathodon bairdii POMACENTRIDAE R Gymnothorax castaneus MURAENIDAE R Microspathodon dorsalis POMACENTRIDAE R Gymnothorax dovii MURAENIDAE R Nexilosus latifrons POMACENTRIDAE R Gymnothorax panamensis MURAENIDAE R Stegastes acapulcoensis POMACENTRIDAE R Muraena argus MURAENIDAE R Stegastes arcifrons POMACENTRIDAE R Muraena clepsydra MURAENIDAE R Stegastes beebei POMACENTRIDAE R Muraena lentiginosa MURAENIDAE R Stegastes flavilatus POMACENTRIDAE R Uropterygius macrocephalus MURAENIDAE R Styracura pacifica POTAMOTRYGONIDAE R Uropterygius polystictus MURAENIDAE R Heteropriacanthus carolinus PRIACANTHIDAE R Uropterygius versutus MURAENIDAE R Pristigenys serrula PRIACANTHIDAE R Ogcocephalus darwini OGCOCEPHALIDAE R Rostroraja velezi RAJIDAE R Apterichtus equatorialis OPHICHTHIDAE R Pseudobatos planiceps RHINOBATIDAE R Bascanichthys bascanoides OPHICHTHIDAE R Corvula macrops SCIAENIDAE R Callechelys galapagensis OPHICHTHIDAE RE Odontoscion eurymesops SCIAENIDAE R Herpetoichthys fossatus OPHICHTHIDAE R Pareques perissa SCIAENIDAE RE Ichthyapus selachops OPHICHTHIDAE R Umbrina galapagorum SCIAENIDAE RE Myrichthys xysturus OPHICHTHIDAE R Scorpaena histrio SCORPAENIDAE R Ophichthus arneutes OPHICHTHIDAE RE Scorpaena mystes SCORPAENIDAE R Ophichthus rugifer OPHICHTHIDAE R Scorpaena wellingtoni SCORPAENIDAE RE Paraletharchus opercularis OPHICHTHIDAE R Scorpaenodes xyris SCORPAENIDAE R Phaenomonas pinnata OPHICHTHIDAE R Cratinus agassizii SERRANIDAE R Quassiremus evionthas OPHICHTHIDAE R Diplectrum rostrum SERRANIDAE R Brotula ordwayi OPHIDIIDAE R Paralabrax albomaculatus SERRANIDAE RE Carapus mourlani OPHIDIIDAE R Serranus psittacinus SERRANIDAE R Echiodon exsilium OPHIDIIDAE R Aseraggodes herrei SOLEIDAE R Encheliophis vermicularis OPHIDIIDAE R Archosargus pourtalesii SPARIDAE RE Lepophidium pardale OPHIDIIDAE R Calamus brachysomus SPARIDAE R 96 TABLE 5 (p. 4) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago shallow shorefish residents (261 spp.) nearshore pelagics (28 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Calamus taurinus SPARIDAE RE Alectis ciliaris CARANGIDAE R Sphyraena idiastes SPHYRAENIDAE R Caranx caballus CARANGIDAE R Sphyraena stellata SPHYRAENIDAE R Caranx caninus CARANGIDAE R Bryx veleronis SYNGNATHIDAE R Caranx ignobilis CARANGIDAE V Cosmocampus coccineus SYNGNATHIDAE R Caranx lugubris CARANGIDAE R Doryrhamphus melanopleura SYNGNATHIDAE R Caranx melampygus CARANGIDAE R Hippocampus ingens SYNGNATHIDAE R Caranx sexfasciatus CARANGIDAE R Synodus lacertinus SYNODONTIDAE R Decapterus macarellus CARANGIDAE R Synodus scituliceps SYNODONTIDAE R Decapterus macrosoma CARANGIDAE R Synodus sechurae SYNODONTIDAE R Decapterus muroadsi CARANGIDAE R Arothron hispidus TETRAODONTIDAE R Elagatis bipinnulata CARANGIDAE R Arothron meleagris TETRAODONTIDAE R Euprepocaranx dorsalis CARANGIDAE V Canthigaster punctatissima TETRAODONTIDAE R Ferdauia orthogrammus CARANGIDAE V Sphoeroides angusticeps TETRAODONTIDAE R Gnathanodon speciosus CARANGIDAE V Sphoeroides annulatus TETRAODONTIDAE R Oligoplites inornatus CARANGIDAE R Sphoeroides lobatus TETRAODONTIDAE R Selar crumenophthalmus CARANGIDAE R Tetronarce tremens TORPEDINIDAE R Selene peruviana CARANGIDAE R Prionotus miles TRIGLIDAE RE Seriola lalandi CARANGIDAE R Prionotus stephanophrys TRIGLIDAE R Seriola peruana CARANGIDAE R Lepidonectes corallicola TRIPTERYGIIDAE RE Seriola rivoliana CARANGIDAE R Zanclus cornutus ZANCLIDAE R Trachinotus kennedyi CARANGIDAE V Trachinotus paitensis CARANGIDAE R Trachinotus rhodopus CARANGIDAE R Trachinotus stilbe CARANGIDAE R Trachurus murphyi CARANGIDAE R Uraspis helvola CARANGIDAE R Coryphaena equiselis CORYPHAENIDAE R Coryphaena hippurus CORYPHAENIDAE R 97 TABLE 6 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago deepwater non-pelagic (121 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Anthias noeli ANTHIADIDAE R Howella pammelas HOWELLIDAE R Hemanthias peruanus ANTHIADIDAE V Bathypterois atricolor IPNOPIDAE R Pronotogrammus multifasciatus ANTHIADIDAE R Bathypterois pectinatus IPNOPIDAE R Bathyraja abyssicola ARHYNCHOBATIDAE R Ipnops agassizii IPNOPIDAE R Bathyraja peruana ARHYNCHOBATIDAE R Decodon melasma LABRIDAE R Bathyraja richardsoni ARHYNCHOBATIDAE R Sagittalarva inornata LABRIDAE R Bathyraja spinosissima ARHYNCHOBATIDAE R Liopropoma longilepis LIOPROPOMATIDAE R Aulopus chirichignoae AULOPIDAE R Paraliparis darwini LIPARIDAE RE Monolene maculipinna BOTHIDAE V Paraliparis galapagosensis LIPARIDAE RE Bellottia sp. BYTHITIDAE R Lophiodes spilurus LOPHIIDAE R Cataetyx rubirostris BYTHITIDAE R Coelorinchus canus MACROURIDAE R Cataetyx simus BYTHITIDAE R Coryphaenoides anguliceps MACROURIDAE R Diplacanthopoma jordani BYTHITIDAE R Coryphaenoides armatus MACROURIDAE R Lucifuga inopinata BYTHITIDAE RE Coryphaenoides boops MACROURIDAE R Pseudonus acutus BYTHITIDAE RE Coryphaenoides bucephalus MACROURIDAE R Centrophorus squamosus CENTROPHORIDAE R Coryphaenoides bulbiceps MACROURIDAE R Chaunacops coloratus CHAUNACIDAE R Coryphaenoides delsolari MACROURIDAE R Hydrolagus alphus CHIMAERIDAE RE Coryphaenoides gypsochilus MACROURIDAE RE Hydrolagus mccoskeri CHIMAERIDAE RE Coryphaenoides myersi MACROURIDAE RE Hydrolagus melanophasma CHIMAERIDAE R Mataeocephalus tenuicauda MACROURIDAE R Hydrolagus n. sp. CHIMAERIDAE RE Nezumia convergens MACROURIDAE R Chlopsis bicollaris CHLOPSIDAE R Nezumia loricata MACROURIDAE RE Chlorophthalmus mento CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE R Nezumia stelgidolepis MACROURIDAE R Ariosoma gilberti CONGRIDAE R Nezumia ventralis MACROURIDAE RE Bathycongrus varidens CONGRIDAE R Antimora rostrata MORIDAE R Japonoconger proriger CONGRIDAE R Gadella filifer MORIDAE R Paraconger californiensis CONGRIDAE R Gadella thysthlon MORIDAE RE Paraconger similis CONGRIDAE R Laemonema gracillipes MORIDAE R Xenomystax atrarius CONGRIDAE R Physiculus nematopus MORIDAE R Symphurus diabolicus CYNOGLOSSIDAE R Myroconger nigrodentatus MYROCONGRIDAE R Symphurus varius CYNOGLOSSIDAE R Eptatretus bobwisneri MYXINIDAE RE Taeniurops meyeni DASYATIDAE R Eptatretus goslinei MYXINIDAE RE Echinorhinus cookei ECHINORHINIDAE R Eptatretus grouseri MYXINIDAE RE Epigonus macrops EPIGONIDAE R Eptatretus mccoskeri MYXINIDAE RE Hyporthodus cifuentesi EPINEPHELIDAE R Myxine martinii MYXINIDAE RE Centroscyllium nigrum ETMOPTERIDAE R Myxine greggi MYXINIDAE RE Gurgesiella furvescens GURGESIELLIDAE R Myxine phantasma MYXINIDAE RE Halosaurus attenuatus HALOSAURIDAE R Rubicundus lakeside MYXINIDAE RE Hexanchus griseus HEXANCHIDAE R Facciolella equatorialis NETTASTOMATIDAE R Notorynchus cepedianus HEXANCHIDAE R Notacanthus spinosus NOTACANTHIDAE R 98 TABLE 6 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago deepwater non-pelagic (121 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Dibranchus cracens OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Thermarces cerberus ZOARCIDAE R Dibranchus discors OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Dibranchus erinaceus OGCOCEPHALIDAE R Dibranchus hystrix OGCOCEPHALIDAE R Halieutopsis tumifrons OGCOCEPHALIDAE RE Bathyonus caudalis OPHIDIIDAE R Dicrolene nigra OPHIDIIDAE R Eretmichthys pinnatus OPHIDIIDAE R Lamprogrammus niger OPHIDIIDAE R Monomitopus malispinosus OPHIDIIDAE R Monomitopus torvus OPHIDIIDAE R Apristurus kampae PENTANCHIDAE R Apristurus n. sp. PENTANCHIDAE RE Psychrolutes sio PSYCHROLUTIDAE R Rajella eisenhardti RAJIDAE RE Ectreposebastes imus SCORPAENIDAE R Idiastion hageyi SCORPAENIDAE RE Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri SCORPAENIDAE RE Pontinus clemensi SCORPAENIDAE R Pontinus furcirhinus SCORPAENIDAE R Pontinus sierra SCORPAENIDAE R Scorpaena cocosensis SCORPAENIDAE R Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus SCORPAENIDAE R Sebastolobus altivelis SCORPAENIDAE R Trachyscorpia osheri SCORPAENIDAE R Bythaelurus giddingsi SCYLIORHINIDAE RE Galeus n. sp. SCYLIORHINIDAE RE Serranus aequidens SERRANIDAE R Serranus stilbostigma SERRANIDAE RE Ilyophis arx SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE R Ilyophis brunneus SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE R Hoplostethus pacificus TRACHICHTHYIDAE RE Trachyrincus helolepis TRACHYRINCIDAE R Mustelus albipinnis TRIAKIDAE R Mustelus mento TRIAKIDAE R Triakis maculata TRIAKIDAE R Bellator farrago TRIGLIDAE R Peristedion crustosum TRIGLIDAE R Lycodapus australis ZOARCIDAE R Melanostigma bathium ZOARCIDAE R 99 TABLE 7 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago offshore pelagics (96 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Aetobatus ocellatus AETOBATIDAE R Lepidocybium flavobrunneum GEMPYLIDAE R Alopias pelagicus ALOPIIDAE R Nealotus tripes GEMPYLIDAE R Ablennes hians BELONIDAE R Ruvettus pretiosus GEMPYLIDAE R Brama dussumieri BRAMIDAE R Euleptorhamphus viridis HEMIRAMPHIDAE R Taractes rubescens BRAMIDAE R Oxyporhamphus micropterus HEMIRAMPHIDAE R Bregmaceros bathymaster BREGMACEROTIDAE V Istiompax indica ISTIOPHORIDAE R Naucrates ductor CARANGIDAE R Istiophorus platypterus ISTIOPHORIDAE R Carcharhinus albimarginatus CARCHARHINIDAE R Kajikia audax ISTIOPHORIDAE R Carcharhinus altimus CARCHARHINIDAE R Makaira nigricans ISTIOPHORIDAE R Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos CARCHARHINIDAE V Tetrapturus angustirostris ISTIOPHORIDAE R Carcharhinus falciformis CARCHARHINIDAE R Carcharodon carcharias LAMNIDAE V Carcharhinus galapagensis CARCHARHINIDAE R Isurus oxyrinchus LAMNIDAE R Carcharhinus limbatus CARCHARHINIDAE R Luvarus imperialis LUVARIDAE R Carcharhinus longimanus CARCHARHINIDAE R Mobula birostris MOBULIDAE R Nasolamia velox CARCHARHINIDAE R Mobula mobular MOBULIDAE R Prionace glauca CARCHARHINIDAE R Mobula munkiana MOBULIDAE R Triaenodon obesus CARCHARHINIDAE R Mobula tarapacana MOBULIDAE R Paracaristius sp. CARISTIIDAE R Mobula thurstoni MOBULIDAE R Seriolella violacea CENTROLOPHIDAE R Masturus lanceolatus MOLIDAE R Isistius brasiliensis DALATIIDAE R Mola alexandrini MOLIDAE R Pteroplatytrygon violacea DASYATIDAE R Aetomylaeus asperrimus MYLIOBATIDAE V Diodon eydouxii DIODONTIDAE R Myliobatis peruviana MYLIOBATIDAE R Echeneis naucrates ECHENEIDAE R Cubiceps pauciradiatus NOMEIDAE R Phtheirichthys lineatus ECHENEIDAE R Nomeus gronovii NOMEIDAE R Remora albescens ECHENEIDAE R Psenes arafurensis NOMEIDAE R Remora brachyptera ECHENEIDAE R Psenes cyanophrys NOMEIDAE R Remora osteochir ECHENEIDAE R Psenes pellucidus NOMEIDAE R Remora remora ECHENEIDAE R Psenes sio NOMEIDAE R Cheilopogon atrisignis EXOCOETIDAE R Odontaspis ferox ODONTASPIDIDAE R Cheilopogon dorsomacula EXOCOETIDAE R Lactoria diaphana OSTRACIIDAE V Cheilopogon spilonotopterus EXOCOETIDAE R Regalecus russellii REGALECIDAE R Cheilopogon xenopterus EXOCOETIDAE R Rhincodon typus RHINCODONTIDAE R Cypselurus callopterus EXOCOETIDAE R Rhinoptera steindachneri RHINOPTERIDAE R Exocoetus monocirrhus EXOCOETIDAE R Cololabis adoceta SCOMBERESOCIDAE R Exocoetus volitans EXOCOETIDAE R Acanthocybium solandri SCOMBRIDAE R Fodiator rostratus EXOCOETIDAE R Auxis rochei SCOMBRIDAE R Hirundichthys marginatus EXOCOETIDAE R Auxis thazard SCOMBRIDAE R Hirundichthys speculiger EXOCOETIDAE R Euthynnus lineatus SCOMBRIDAE R Galeocerdo cuvier GALEOCERDONIDAE R Katsuwonus pelamis SCOMBRIDAE R Gempylus serpens GEMPYLIDAE R Sarda orientalis SCOMBRIDAE R 100 TABLE 7 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago offshore pelagics (96 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Scomber japonicus SCOMBRIDAE R Scomberomorus sierra SCOMBRIDAE R Thunnus albacares SCOMBRIDAE R Thunnus obesus SCOMBRIDAE R Sphyrna lewini SPHYRNIDAE R Sphyrna zygaena SPHYRNIDAE R Peprilus medius STROMATEIDAE R Tetragonurus atlanticus TETRAGONURIDAE R Lagocephalus lagocephalus TETRAODONTIDAE R Desmodema polystictum TRACHIPTERIDAE R Zu cristatus TRACHIPTERIDAE R Aphanopus capricornis TRICHIURIDAE R Benthodesmus tenuis TRICHIURIDAE R Lepidopus manis TRICHIURIDAE R Trichiurus nitens TRICHIURIDAE R Xiphias gladius XIPHIIDAE R 101 TABLE 8 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago mesopelagics (112 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Bathytroctes macrolepis ALEPOCEPHALIDAE R Diaphus theta MYCTOPHIDAE R Einara macrolepis ALEPOCEPHALIDAE R Diogenichthys laternatus MYCTOPHIDAE R Narcetes erimelas ALEPOCEPHALIDAE R Gonichthys tenuiculus MYCTOPHIDAE R Photostylus pycnopterus ALEPOCEPHALIDAE R Gonichthys venetus MYCTOPHIDAE R Alopias superciliosus ALOPIIDAE R Hygophum reinhardtii MYCTOPHIDAE R Anoplogaster cornuta ANOPLOGASTRIDAE R Lampadena luminosa MYCTOPHIDAE R Argentina aliceae ARGENTINIDAE R Lampanyctus hubbsi MYCTOPHIDAE R Guentherus altivela ATELEOPODIDAE R Lampanyctus idostigma MYCTOPHIDAE R Bathylagoides nigrigenys BATHYLAGIDAE R Lampanyctus macropterus MYCTOPHIDAE R Leuroglossus stilbius BATHYLAGIDAE R Lampanyctus omostigma MYCTOPHIDAE R Cryptopsaras coueseii CERATIIDAE R Lampanyctus parvicauda MYCTOPHIDAE R Cetomimus gillii CETOMIMIDAE R Lampanyctus ritteri MYCTOPHIDAE R Chiasmodon niger CHIASMODONTIDAE R Lampanyctus tenuiformis MYCTOPHIDAE R Chiasmodon subniger CHIASMODONTIDAE R Loweina rara MYCTOPHIDAE R Evermannella ahlstromi EVERMANNELLIDAE R Myctophum brachygnathum MYCTOPHIDAE R Gigantactis vanhoeffeni GIGANTACTINIDAE R Myctophum affine MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone acclinidens GONOSTOMATIDAE R Myctophum aurolaternatum MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone alba GONOSTOMATIDAE R Myctophum nitidulum MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone atraria GONOSTOMATIDAE R Notolychnus valdiviae MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone obscura GONOSTOMATIDAE R Notoscopelus elongatus MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone pallida GONOSTOMATIDAE R Notoscopelus resplendens MYCTOPHIDAE R Cyclothone signata GONOSTOMATIDAE R Symbolophorus evermanni MYCTOPHIDAE R Diplophos proximus GONOSTOMATIDAE R Symbolophorus reversus MYCTOPHIDAE R Borophryne apogon LINOPHRYNIDAE R Triphoturus mexicanus MYCTOPHIDAE R Melamphaes laeviceps MELAMPHAIDAE R Triphoturus oculeum MYCTOPHIDAE R Melamphaes spinifer MELAMPHAIDAE R Nemichthys scolopaceus NEMICHTHYIDAE R Poromitra crassiceps MELAMPHAIDAE R Scopelengys tristis NEOSCOPELIDAE R Poromitra frontosa MELAMPHAIDAE R Scopelosaurus hubbsi NOTOSUDIDAE R Poromitra jucunda MELAMPHAIDAE R Chaenophryne draco ONEIRODIDAE R Poromitra nigrofulva MELAMPHAIDAE R Dolopichthys allector ONEIRODIDAE R Poromitra oscitans MELAMPHAIDAE R Microlophichthys microlophus ONEIRODIDAE R Scopeloberyx opisthopterus MELAMPHAIDAE R Pentherichthys atratus ONEIRODIDAE R Scopeloberyx robustus MELAMPHAIDAE R Dolichopteryx pseudolongipes OPISTHOPROCTIDAE R Scopelogadus bispinosus MELAMPHAIDAE R Lestidiops pacificus PARALEPIDIDAE R Melanocetus murrayi MELANOCETIDAE R Stemonosudis macrura PARALEPIDIDAE R Bolinichthys longipes MYCTOPHIDAE R Ichthyococcus irregularis PHOSICHTHYIDAE R Centrobranchus nigroocellatus MYCTOPHIDAE R Vinciguerria lucetia PHOSICHTHYIDAE R Diaphus pacificus MYCTOPHIDAE R Vinciguerria poweriae PHOSICHTHYIDAE R Diaphus rafinesqii MYCTOPHIDAE R Yarrella argenteola PHOSICHTHYIDAE R Diaphus termophilus MYCTOPHIDAE R Holtbyrnia latifrons PLATYTROCTIDAE R 102 TABLE 8 (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago mesopelagics (112 spp.) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Maulisia isaacsi PLATYTROCTIDAE R Platytroctes apus PLATYTROCTIDAE R Rondeletia loricata RONDELETIIDAE R Rosenblattichthys volucris SCOPELARCHIDAE R Scopelarchoides nicholsi SCOPELARCHIDAE R Scopelarchus guentheri SCOPELARCHIDAE R Serrivomer sector SERRIVOMERIDAE R Argyropelecus aculeatus STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Argyropelecus affinis STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Argyropelecus lychnus STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Argyropelecus olfersii STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Argyropelecus sladeni STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Maurolicus australis STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Sternoptyx diaphana STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Sternoptyx obscura STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Sternoptyx pseudobscura STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Valencienellus tripunctulatus STERNOPTYCHIDAE R Astronesthes cyanea STOMIIDAE R Astronesthes galapagensis STOMIIDAE R Astronesthes gibbsi STOMIIDAE R Astronesthes indica STOMIIDAE R Astronesthes lampara STOMIIDAE R Bathophilus filifer STOMIIDAE R Borostomias elucens STOMIIDAE R Borostomias panamensis STOMIIDAE R Chauliodus barbatus STOMIIDAE R Chauliodus sloani STOMIIDAE R Idiacanthus antrostomus STOMIIDAE R Malacosteus niger STOMIIDAE R Stomias atriventer STOMIIDAE R Stomias colubrinus STOMIIDAE R Stylephorus chordatus STYLEPHORIDAE R 103 TABLE 9 (p. 1) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago following Grove et al. (2022); in taxonomic order (with changes in bold) Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Branchiostomus elongatus Branchiostomatidae R Echinorhinus cookei Echinorhinidae R Eptatretus goslinei Myxinidae RE Tetronarce tremens Torpedinidae R Eptatretus grouseri Myxinidae RE Pseudobatos planiceps Rhinobatidae R Eptatretus mccoskeri Myxinidae RE Rajella eisenhardti Rajidae RE Eptatretus bobwisneri Myxinidae RE Rostroraja velezi Rajidae R Myxine greggi Myxinidae RE Bathyraja abyssicola Arhynchobatidae R Myxine phantasma Myxinidae RE Bathyraja peruana Arhynchobatidae R Myxine martinii Myxinidae RE Bathyraja richardsoni Arhynchobatidae R Rubicundus lakeside Myxinidae RE Bathyraja spinosissima Arhynchobatidae R Hexanchus griseus Hexanchidae R Gurgesiella furvescens Gurgesiellidae R Notorynchus cepedianus Hexanchidae R Hypanus dipterurus Dasyatidae R Heterodontus quoyi Heterodontidae R Hypanus longus Dasyatidae R Rhincodon typus Rhincodontidae R Pteroplatytrygon violacea Dasyatidae R Odontaspis ferox Odontaspididae R Taeniurops meyeni Dasyatidae R Alopias pelagicus Alopiidae R Styracura pacifica Potamotrygonidae R Alopias superciliosus Alopiidae R Aetobatus ocellatus Aetobatidae R Isurus oxyrinchus Lamnidae R Aetomylaeus asperrimus Myliobatidae V Carcharodon carcharias Lamnidae V Myliobatis peruviana Myliobatidae R Bythaelurus giddingsi Scyliorhinidae RE Rhinoptera steindachneri Rhinopteridae R Apristurus kampae Pentanchidae R Mobula birostris Mobulidae R Apristurus n. sp. Pentanchidae RE Mobula mobular Mobulidae R Galeus n. sp. Scyliorhinidae RE Mobula munkiana Mobulidae R Mustelus albipinnis Triakidae R Mobula tarapacana Mobulidae R Mustelus mento Triakidae R Mobula thurstoni Mobulidae R Triakis maculata Triakidae R Chimaera sp. Chimaeridae R Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus alphus Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus altimus Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus melanophasma Chimaeridae R Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinidae V Hydrolagus mccoskeri Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus falciformis Carcharhinidae R Hydrolagus n. sp. Chimaeridae RE Carcharhinus galapagensis Carcharhinidae R Elops affinis Elopidae V Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinidae R Albula esuncula Albulidae V Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinidae R Halosaurus attenuatus Halosauridae R Nasolamia velox Carcharhinidae R Notacanthus spinosus Notacanthidae R Prionace glauca Carcharhinidae R Ilyophis arx Synaphobranchidae R Triaenodon obesus Carcharhinidae R Ilyophis brunneus Synaphobranchidae R Galeocerdo cuvier Galeocerdonidae R Myroconger nigrodentatus Myrocongridae R Sphyrna lewini Sphyrnidae R Anarchias galapagensis Muraenidae R Sphyrna mokarran Sphyrnidae R Echidna nebulosa Muraenidae R Sphyrna tiburo Sphyrnidae R Echidna nocturna Muraenidae R Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrnidae R Enchelycore lichenosa Muraenidae R Isistius brasiliensis Dalatiidae R Enchelycore octaviana Muraenidae R Centroscyllium nigrum Etmopteridae R Gymnomuraena zebra Muraenidae R Centrophorus squamosus Centrophoridae R Gymnothorax angusticeps Muraenidae R Gymnothorax buroensis Muraenidae V Gymnothorax castaneus Muraenidae R 104 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 2) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Gymnothorax dovii Muraenidae R Anchoa ischana Engraulidae R Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Muraenidae V Cetengraulis mysticetus Engraulidae V Gymnothorax javanicus Muraenidae V Engraulis ringens Engraulidae R Gymnothorax meleagris Muraenidae V Harengula thrissina Clupeidae R Gymnothorax panamensis Muraenidae R Lile stolifera Clupeidae R Gymnothorax pictus Muraenidae V Opisthonema berlangai Clupeidae RE Gymnothorax porphyreus Muraenidae V Opisthonema libertate Clupeidae R Gymnothorax undulatus Muraenidae V Etrumeus acuminatus Dussumieriidae R Muraena argus Muraenidae R Sardinops sagax Alosidae R Muraena clepsydra Muraenidae R Bathytroctes macrolepis Alepocephalidae R Muraena lentiginosa Muraenidae R Einara macrolepis Alepocephalidae R Scuticaria tigrina Muraenidae V Narcetes erimelas Alepocephalidae R Uropterygius macrocephalus Muraenidae R Photostylus pycnopterus Alepocephalidae R Uropterygius polystictus Muraenidae R Holtbyrnia latifrons Platytroctidae R Uropterygius versutus Muraenidae R Maulisia isaacsi Platytroctidae R Chlopsis bicollaris Chlopsidae R Platytroctes apus Platytroctidae R Apterichtus equatorialis Ophichthidae R Chanos chanos Chanidae R Bascanichthys bascanoides Ophichthidae R Argentina aliceae Argentinidae R Callechelys galapagensis Ophichthidae RE Bathylagoides nigrigenys Bathylagidae R Herpetoichthys fossatus Ophichthidae R Leuroglossus stilbius Bathylagidae R Ichthyapus selachops Ophichthidae R Dolichopteryx pseudolongipes Opisthoproctidae R Myrichthys xysturus Ophichthidae R Cyclothone acclinidens Gonostomatidae R Ophichthus arneutes Ophichthidae RE Cyclothone alba Gonostomatidae R Ophichthus rugifer Ophichthidae R Cyclothone atraria Gonostomatidae R Paraletharchus opercularis Ophichthidae R Cyclothone obscura Gonostomatidae R Phaenomonas pinnata Ophichthidae R Cyclothone pallida Gonostomatidae R Quassiremus evionthas Ophichthidae R Cyclothone signata Gonostomatidae R Scytalichthys miurus Ophichthidae V Diplophos proximus Gonostomatidae R Facciolella equatorialis Nettastomatidae R Argyropelecus aculeatus Sternoptychidae R Ariosoma gilberti Congridae V Argyropelecus affinis Sternoptychidae R Bathycongrus n. sp. Congridae R Argyropelecus lychnus Sternoptychidae R Bathycongrus varidens Congridae R Argyropelecus olfersii Sternoptychidae R Chiloconger dentatus Congridae V Argyropelecus sladeni Sternoptychidae R Gnathophis cinctus Congridae V Maurolicus australis Sternoptychidae R Heteroconger klausewitzi Congridae R Sternoptyx diaphana Sternoptychidae R Japonoconger n. sp. Congridae R Sternoptyx obscura Sternoptychidae R Japonoconger proriger Congridae R Sternoptyx pseudobscura Sternoptychidae R Paraconger californiensis Congridae R Valencienellus tripunctulatus Sternoptychidae R Paraconger similis Congridae R Ichthyococcus irregularis Phosichthyidae R Xenomystax atrarius Congridae R Vinciguerria lucetia Phosichthyidae R Nemichthys scolopaceus Nemichthyidae R Vinciguerria poweriae Phosichthyidae R Serrivomer sector Serrivomeridae R Yarella argentiola Phosichthyidae R Anguilla marmorata Anguillidae R Astronesthes cyanea Stomiidae R Anchoa argentivittata Engraulidae R Astronesthes galapagensis Stomiidae R Astronesthes martensii Stomiidae R Astronesthes gibbsi Stomiidae R Astronesthes indica Stomiidae R Astronesthes lampara Stomiidae R Bathophilus filifer Stomiidae R Borostomias elucens Stomiidae R Borostomias panamensis Stomiidae R Chauliodus barbatus Stomiidae R Chauliodus sloani Stomiidae R Idiacanthus antrostomus Stomiidae R Malacosteus niger Stomiidae R Stomias atriventer Stomiidae R 105 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 3) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Stomias boa Stomiidae R Triphoturus oculeum Myctophidae R Stomias colubrinus Stomiidae R Desmodema polystictum Trachipteridae R Guentherus altivela Ateleopodidae R Zu cristatus Trachipteridae R Aulopus chirichignoae Aulopidae R Regalecus russellii Regalacidae R Chlorophthalmus mento Chlorophthalmidae R Stylephorus chordatus Stylephoridae R Bathypterois atricolor Ipnopidae R Bregmaceros bathymaster Bregmacerotidae V Bathypterois pectinatus Ipnopidae R Bregmaceros macclellandi Bregmacerotidae R Ipnops agassizii Ipnopidae R Merluccius gayi Merlucciidae R Rosenblattichthys volucris Scopelarchidae R Trachyrincus helolepis Trachyrincidae R Scopelarchoides nicholsi Scopelarchidae R Antimora rostrata Moridae R Scopelarchus guentheri Scopelarchidae R Gadella filifer Moridae R Scopelosaurus hubbsi Notosudidae R Gadella thysthlon Moridae R Synodus lacertinus Synodontidae R Laemonema gracillipes Moridae R Synodus scituliceps Synodontidae R Physiculus nematopus Moridae R Synodus sechurae Synodontidae R Coelorinchus canus Macrouridae R Lestidiops pacificus Paralepididae R Coryphaenoides anguliceps Macrouridae R Evermannella ahlstromi Evermannellidae R Coryphaenoides armatus Macrouridae R Scopelengys tristis Neoscopelidae R Coryphaenoides boops Macrouridae R Bolinichthys longipes Myctophidae R Coryphaenoides bucephalus Macrouridae R Centrobranchus nigroocellatus Myctophidae R Coryphaenoides bulbiceps Macrouridae R Diaphus pacificus Myctophidae R Coryphaenoides delsolari Macrouridae R Diaphus rafenesqii Myctophidae R Coryphaenoides gypsochilus Macrouridae R Diaphus termophilus Myctophidae R Coryphaenoides myersi Macrouridae R Diaphus theta Myctophidae R Mataeocephalus tenuicauda Macrouridae R Diogenichthys laternatus Myctophidae R Nezumia convergens Macrouridae R Gonichthys tenuiculus Myctophidae R Nezumia loricata Macrouridae R Gonichthys venetus Myctophidae R Nezumia stelgidolepis Macrouridae R Hygophum reinhardti Myctophidae R Nezumia ventralis Macrouridae R Lampadena luminosa Myctophidae R Melamphaeus laeviceps Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus hubbsi Myctophidae R Melamphaeus spinifer Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus idostigma Myctophidae R Poromitra crassiceps Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus macropterus Myctophidae R Poromitra frontosa Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus omostigma Myctophidae R Poromitra jucunda Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus parvicauda Myctophidae R Poromitra nigrofulva Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus ritteri Myctophidae R Poromitra oscitans Melamphaidae R Lampanyctus tenuiformis Myctophidae R Scopeloberyx opisthopterus Melamphaidae R Loweina rara Myctophidae R Scopeloberyx robustus Melamphaidae R Myctophum affine Myctophidae R Scopelogadus bispinosus Melamphaidae R Myctophum aurolaternatum Myctophidae R Rondeletia loricata Rondeletiidae R Myctophum brachygnathum Myctophidae R Cetomimus gillii Cetomimidae R Myctophum nitidulum Myctophidae R Hoplostethus pacificus Trachichthyidae R Notolychnus valdiviae Myctophidae R Anoplogaster cornuta Anoplogastridae R Notoscopelus elongatus Myctophidae R Myripristis berndti Holocentridae R Notoscopelus resplendens Myctophidae R Myripristis leiognathus Holocentridae R Symbolophorus evermanni Myctophidae R Neoniphon suborbitalis Holocentridae R Symbolophorus reversus Myctophidae R Bathyonus caudalis Ophidiidae R Triphoturus mexicanus Myctophidae R Brotula ordwayi Ophidiidae R Cataetyx sp. vs simus Ophidiidae R Dicrolene nigra Ophidiidae R Eretmichthys pinnatus Ophidiidae R Lamprogrammus niger Ophidiidae R Lepophidium pardale Ophidiidae R Monomitopus malispinosus Ophidiidae R Monomitopus torvus Ophidiidae R Ophidion galapagensis Ophidiidae R Otophidium indefatigabile Ophidiidae R Carapus mourlani Ophidiidae R 106 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 4) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Echiodon exsilium Ophiidae R Lepidopus manis Trichiuridae R Encheliophis vermicularis Ophiidae R Trichiurus nitens Trichiuridae R Bellottia sp. Bythitidae R Mulloidichthys dentatus Mullidae R Calamopteryx jeb Bythitidae RE Pseudupeneus grandisquamis Mullidae R Cataetyx rubirostris Bythitidae R Synchiropus atrilabiatus Callionymidae R Cataetyx simus Bythitidae R Aulostomus chinensis Aulostomidae R Diplacanthopoma jordani Bythitidae R Fistularia commersonii Fistulariidae R Grammonus diagrammus Bythitidae R Fistularia corneta Fistulariidae V Lucifuga inopinata Bythitidae R Bryx veleronis Syngnathidae R Petrotyx hopkinsi Bythitidae R Cosmocampus coccineus Syngnathidae R Pseudonus acutus Bythitidae R Doryrhamphus melanopleura Syngnathidae R Ogilbia deroyi Dinematichthyidae RE Hippocampus ingens Syngnathidae R Ogilbia galapagosensis Dinematichthyidae RE Apogon atradorsatus Apogonidae R Porichthys margaritatus Batrachoididae R Apogon dovii Apogonidae R Seriolella violacea Centrolophidae R Apogon pacificus Apogonidae R Cubiceps pauciradiatus Nomeidae R Dormitator latifrons Eleotridae V Nomeus gronovii Nomeidae R Eleotris picta Eleotridae V Psenes arafurensis Nomeidae R Gobiomorus maculatus Eleotridae V Psenes cyanophrys Nomeidae R Bathygobius lineatus Gobiidae R Psenes pellucidus Nomeidae R Bollmannia macropoma Gobiidae R Psenes sio Nomeidae R Chriolepis tagus Gobiidae RE Tetragonurus atlanticus Tetragonuridae R Clarkichthys bilineatus Gobiidae R Peprilus medius Stromateidae R Coryphopterus urospilus Gobiidae R Chiasmodon niger Chiasmodontidae R Eleotrica cableae Gobiidae RE Chiasmodon subniger Chiasmodontidae R Evorthodus minutus Gobiidae V Acanthocybium solandri Scombridae R Lythrypnus gilberti Gobiidae RE Auxis rochei Scombridae R Lythrypnus rhizophora Gobiidae R Auxis thazard Scombridae R Microdesmus dipus Gobiidae V Euthynnus lineatus Scombridae R Tigrigobius nesiotes Gobiidae R Katsuwonus pelamis Scombridae R Schindleria praematura Gobiidae R Sarda orientalis Scombridae R Tigrigobius nesiotes Gobiidae R Scomber japonicus Scombridae R Centropomus viridis Centropomidae R Scomberomorus sierra Scombridae R Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraenidae V Thunnus alalunga Scombridae R Sphyraena idiastes Sphyraenidae R Thunnus albacares Scombridae R Sphyraena stellata Sphyraenidae R Thunnus obesus Scombridae R Polydactylus approximans Polynemidae V Paracaristius sp. Caristiidae R Citharichthys darwini Cyclopsettidae RE Brama dussumieri Bramidae R Citharichthys gnathus Cyclopsettidae R Taractes rubescens Bramidae R Syacium latifrons Cyclopsettidae V Gempylus serpens Gempylidae R Syacium maculiferum Cyclopsettidae V Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Gempylidae R Bothus leopardinus Bothidae R Nealotus tripes Gempylidae R Bothus mancus Bothidae R Ruvettus pretiosus Gempylidae R Monolene maculipinna Bothidae V Aphanopus capricornis Trichiuridae R Benthodesmus tenuis Trichiuridae R 107 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 5) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Hippoglossina bollmani Paralichthyidae R Echeneis naucrates Echeneidae R Paralichthys woolmani Paralichthyidae R Phtheirichthys lineatus Echeneidae R Trinectes fonsecensis Achiridae V Remora albescens Echeneidae R Aseraggodes herrei Soleidae R Remora australis Echeneidae R Symphurus atramentatus Cynoglossidae R Remora brachyptera Echeneidae R Symphurus diabolicus Cynoglossidae R Remora osteochir Echeneidae R Symphurus varius Cynoglossidae R Remora remora Echeneidae R Nematistius pectoralis Nematistiidae V Coryphaena equiselis Coryphaenidae R Xiphias gladius Xiphiidae R Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaenidae R Istiompax indica Istiophoridae R Opistognathus galapagensis Opistognathidae R Istiophorus platypterus Istiophoridae R Abudefduf concolor Pomacentridae R Kajikia audax Istiophoridae R Abudefduf troschelii Pomacentridae R Makaira nigricans Istiophoridae R Azurina atrilobata Pomacentridae R Tetrapturus angustirostris Istiophoridae R Azurina eupalama Pomacentridae RE Alectis ciliaris Carangidae R Azurina intercrusma Pomacentridae V Caranx caballus Carangidae R Chromis alta Pomacentridae R Caranx caninus Carangidae R Microspathodon bairdii Pomacentridae R Caranx ignobilis Carangidae V Microspathodon dorsalis Pomacentridae R Caranx lugubris Carangidae R Nexilosus latifrons Pomacentridae R Caranx melampygus Carangidae R Stegastes acapulcoensis Pomacentridae R Caranx sexfasciatus Carangidae R Stegastes arcifrons Pomacentridae R Decapterus macarellus Carangidae R Stegastes beebei Pomacentridae R Decapterus macrosoma Carangidae R Stegastes flavilatus Pomacentridae R Decapterus muroadsi Carangidae R Atherinella nesiotes Atherinopsidae R Elagatis bipinnulata Carangidae R Melanorhinus cyanellus Atherinopsidae R Euprepocaranx dorsalis Carangidae V Cololabis adocetus Scomberesocidae R Ferdauia orthogrammus Carangidae V Ablennes hians Belonidae R Gnathanodon speciosus Carangidae V Platybelone argalus pterura Belonidae R Naucrates ductor Carangidae R Strongylura exilis Belonidae R Oligoplites inornatus Carangidae R Tylosurus fodiator Belonidae V Selar crumenophthalmus Carangidae R Tylosurus pacificus Belonidae V Selene peruviana Carangidae R Euleptorhamphus viridis Hemiramphidae R Seriola lalandi Carangidae R Hemiramphus saltator Hemiramphidae R Seriola peruana Carangidae R Hyporhamphus gilli Hemiramphidae V Seriola rivoliana Carangidae R Hyporhamphus naos Hemiramphidae R Trachinotus kennedyi Carangidae V Oxyporhamphus micropterus Hemiramphidae R Trachinotus paitensis Carangidae R Cheilopogon atrisignis Exocoetidae R Trachinotus rhodopus Carangidae R Cheilopogon dorsomacula Exocoetidae R Trachinotus stilbe Carangidae R Cheilopogon spilonotopterus Exocoetidae R Trachurus murphyi Carangidae R Cheilopogon xenopterus Exocoetidae R Uraspis helvola Carangidae R 108 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 6) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Cypselurus angusticeps Exocoetidae V Heteropriacanthus carolinus Priacanthidae R Cypselurus callopterus Exocoetidae R Pristigenys serrula Priacanthidae R Exocoetus monocirrhus Exocoetidae R Malacanthus brevirostris Malacanthidae R Exocoetus volitans Exocoetidae R Caulolatilus affinis Latilidae R Fodiator rostratus Exocoetidae R Caulolatilus princeps Latilidae R Hirundichthys marginatus Exocoetidae R Hoplopagrus guentherii Lutjanidae R Hirundichthys rondeletii Exocoetidae R Lutjanus aratus Lutjanidae R Hirundichthys speculiger Exocoetidae R Lutjanus argentiventris Lutjanidae R Parexocoetus brachypterus Exocoetidae V Lutjanus colorado Lutjanidae V Prognichthys sealei Exocoetidae R Lutjanus guttatus Lutjanidae R Prognichthys tringa Exocoetidae R Lutjanus inermis Lutjanidae R Chaenomugil proboscideus Mugilidae R Lutjanus jordani Lutjanidae R Dajaus monticola Mugilidae R Lutjanus novemfasciatus Lutjanidae R Mugil galapagensis Mugilidae RE Lutjanus viridis Lutjanidae R Mugil thoburni Mugilidae RE Pristipomoides zonatus Lutjanidae V Arcos poecilophthalmos Gobiesocidae R Diapterus brevirostris Gerreidae R Tomicodon chilensis Gobiesocidae R Eucinostomus currani Gerreidae R Tomicodon petersii Gobiesocidae R Eucinostomus dowii Gerreidae R Lepidonectes corallicola Tripterygiidae RE Eucinostomus gracilis Gerreidae R Cottoclinus canops Labrisomidae RE Eugerres lineatus Gerreidae R Dialommus fuscus Labrisomidae R Gerres simillimus Gerreidae R Gobioclinus dendriticus Labrisomidae R Anisotremus espinozai Haemulidae R Labrisomus jenkinsi Labrisomidae RE Anisotremus scapularis Haemulidae R Labrisomus multiporosus Labrisomidae R Brachygenys jessiae Haemulidae RE Malacoctenus tetranemus Labrisomidae R Haemulon maculicauda Haemulidae R Malacoctenus zonogaster Labrisomidae RE Haemulon scudderii Haemulidae R Starksia galapagensis Labrisomidae RE Haemulon sexfasciatum Haemulidae R Acanthemblemaria castroi Chaenopsidae RE Microlepidotus lethopristis Haemulidae RE Chaenopsis schmitti Chaenopsidae RE Orthopristis cantherina Haemulidae R Ekemblemaria sp. Chaenopsidae RE Orthopristis chalcea Haemulidae R Dactyloscopus lacteus Dactyloscopidae RE Orthopristis forbesi Haemulidae RE Gillellus semicinctus Dactyloscopidae R Rhencus macracanthus Haemulidae V Myxodagnus sagitta Dactyloscopidae RE Xenichthys agassizii Haemulidae RE Platygillellus rubellulus Dactyloscopidae RE Xenichthys xanti Haemulidae V Entomacrodus chiostictus Blenniidae R Archosargus pourtalesii Sparidae RE Hypsoblennius brevipinnis Blenniidae R Calamus brachysomus Sparidae R Ophioblennius steindachneri Blenniidae R Calamus taurinus Sparidae RE Plagiotremus azaleus Blenniidae R Cilus gilberti Sciaenidae R Scartichthys gigas Blenniidae V Corvula macrops Sciaenidae R Hemilutjanus macrophthalmosMalakichthyidae R Cynoscion phoxocephalus Sciaenidae R Cookeolus japonicus Priacanthidae V Larimus pacificus Sciaenidae V 109 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 7) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Odontoscion eurymesops Sciaenidae R Iniistius pavo Labridae R Pareques perissa Sciaenidae RE Nicholsina denticulata Labridae-Scarinae R Umbrina galapagorum Sciaenidae RE Novaculichthys taeniourus Labridae R Alphestes immaculatus Serranidae R Sagittalarva inornata Labridae R Cephalopholis colonus Serranidae R Scarus compressus Labridae-Scarinae R Cephalopholis panamensis Serranidae R Scarus ghobban Labridae-Scarinae R Cratinus agassizii Serranidae R Scarus perrico Labridae-Scarinae R Dermatolepis dermatolepis Serranidae R Scarus rubroviolaceus Labridae-Scarinae R Diplectrum eumelum Serranidae V Stethojulis bandanensis Labridae R Diplectrum macropoma Serranidae V Thalassoma grammaticum Labridae R Diplectrum rostrum Serranidae R Thalassoma lucasanum Labridae R Epinephelus analogus Serranidae V Thalassoma purpureum Labridae R Epinephelus labriformis Serranidae R Xyrichtys victori Labridae R Hyporthodus cifuentesi Serranidae R Lycodapus australis Zoarcidae R Hyporthodus mystacinus Serranidae R Melanostigma bathium Zoarcidae R Hyporthodus niphobles Serranidae R Thermarces cerberus Zoarcidae R Liopropoma fasciatum Serranidae R Ammodytoides gilli Ammodytidae R Liopropoma longilepis Serranidae R Kathetostoma averruncus Uranoscopidae V Mycteroperca olfax Serranidae R Bellator farrago Triglidae R Mycteroperca xenarcha Serranidae V Peristedion barbiger Triglidae V Paralabrax albomaculatus Serranidae RE Peristedion crustosum Triglidae R Paralabrax humeralis Serranidae R Prionotus miles Triglidae RE Pseudogramma thaumasia Serranidae R Prionotus stephanophrys Triglidae R Rypticus bicolor Serranidae R Ectreposebastes imus Scorpaenidae R Rypticus nigripinnis Serranidae R Idiastion hageyi Scorpaenidae RE Serranus aequidens Serranidae R Phenacoscorpius mccoskeri Scorpaenidae RE Serranus psittacinus Serranidae R Pontinus clemensi Scorpaenidae R Serranus stilbostigma Serranidae RE Pontinus furcirhinus Scorpaenidae R Anthias noeli Anthiadidae R Pontinus sierra Scorpaenidae R Hemanthias peruanus Anthiadidae V Pontinus sp. C Scorpaenidae R Pronotogrammus multifasciatus Anthiadidae R Pontinus strigatus Scorpaenidae R Bodianus darwini Labridae R Pontinus vaughani Scorpaenidae R Bodianus diplotaenia Labridae R Scorpaena cocosensis Scorpaenidae R Bodianus eclancheri Labridae R Scorpaena histrio Scorpaenidae R Calotomus carolinus Labridae-Scarinae V Scorpaena mystes Scorpaenidae R Decodon melasma Labridae R Scorpaena wellingtoni Scorpaenidae RE Halichoeres adustus Labridae V Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus Scorpaenidae R Halichoeres chierchiae Labridae R Scorpaenodes xyris Scorpaenidae R Halichoeres dispilus Labridae R Sebastolobus altivelis Scorpaenidae R Halichoeres melanotis Labridae V Taenianotus triacanthus Scorpaenidae V Halichoeres nicholsi Labridae R Halichoeres notospilus Labridae R 110 TABLE 9 cont. (p. 8) Fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago Resident Resident Species Family Vagrant Species Family Vagrant Endemic Endemic Trachyscorpia osheri Scorpaenidae R Ogcocephalus darwini Ogcocephalidae RE Paraliparis darwini Liparidae RE Abantennarius coccineus Antennariidae R Paraliparis galapagosensis Liparidae RE Abantennarius sanguineus Antennariidae R Kuhlia mugil Kuhliidae R Antennarius commerson Antennariidae V Oplegnathus insignis Oplegnathidae R Antennatus strigatus Antennariidae R Kyphosus cinerascens Kyphosidae V Fowlerichthys avalonis Antennariidae R Kyphosus elegans Kyphosidae R Chaunacops coloratus Chaunacidae R Kyphosus ocyurus Kyphosidae R Melanocetus murrayi Melanocetidae R Kyphosus sectatrix Kyphosidae R Chaenophryne draco Oneirodidae R Kyphosus vaigiensis Kyphosidae R Dolopichthys allector Oneirodidae R Girella freminvillii Girellidae RE Microlophichthys microlophus Oneirodidae R Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Cirrhitidae R Pentherichthys atratus Oneirodidae R Cirrhitus rivulatus Cirrhitidae R Cryptopsaras coueseii Ceratiidae R Oxycirrhites typus Cirrhitidae R Gigantactis vanhoeffeni Gigantactinidae R Epigonus macrops Epigonidae R Borophryne apogon Linophrynidae R Howella pammelas Howellidae R Masturus lanceolatus Molidae R Lobotes pacifica Lobotidae V Mola alexandrini Molidae R Holacanthus passer Pomacanthidae R Mola mola Molidae R Pomacanthus zonipectus Pomacanthidae V Ranzania laevis Molidae R Chaetodon auriga Chaetodontidae V Chilomycterus reticulatus Diodontidae R Chaetodon humeralis Chaetodontidae R Cyclichthys spilostylus Diodontidae V Chaetodon kleinii Chaetodontidae V Diodon eydouxii Diodontidae R Chaetodon lunula Chaetodontidae V Diodon holocanthus Diodontidae R Chaetodon meyeri Chaetodontidae V Diodon hystrix Diodontidae R Chaetodon unimaculatus Chaetodontidae V Arothron hispidus Tetraodontidae R Forcipiger flavissimus Chaetodontidae R Arothron meleagris Tetraodontidae R Johnrandallia nigrirostris Chaetodontidae R Arothron nigropunctatus Tetraodontidae V Prognathodes carlhubbsi Chaetodontidae R Canthigaster amboinensis Tetraodontidae V Luvarus imperialis Luvaridae R Canthigaster janthinoptera Tetraodontidae V Zanclus cornutus Zanclidae R Canthigaster punctatissima Tetraodontidae R Acanthurus mata Acanthuridae V Canthigaster valentini Tetraodontidae V Acanthurus nigricans Acanthuridae R Lagocephalus lagocephalus Tetraodontidae R Acanthurus triostegus Acanthuridae V Sphoeroides angusticeps Tetraodontidae R Acanthurus xanthopterus Acanthuridae R Sphoeroides annulatus Tetraodontidae R Naso annulatus Acanthuridae V Sphoeroides lobatus Tetraodontidae R Naso brevirostris Acanthuridae V Lactoria diaphana Ostraciidae V Naso hexacanthus Acanthuridae V Ostracion meleagris Ostraciidae R Naso vlamingii Acanthuridae V Aluterus monoceros Monacanthidae V Prionurus laticlavius Acanthuridae R Aluterus scriptus Monacanthidae R Lophiodes spilurus Lophiidae R Cantherhines dumerilii Monacanthidae V Dibranchus cracens Ogcocephalidae RE Balistes polylepis Balistidae R Dibranchus discors Ogcocephalidae RE Canthidermis maculata Balistidae R Dibranchus erinaceus Ogcocephalidae R Melichthys niger Balistidae R Dibranchus hystrix Ogcocephalidae R Melichthys vidua Balistidae V Halieutopsis tumifrons Ogcocephalidae R Pseudobalistes naufragium Balistidae R Sufflamen verres Balistidae R Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus Balistidae V Xanthichthys mento Balistidae V 111