MONOGRAPH OF THE FORAMINIFEEAL FAMILYPOLYMORPHINIDAE, RECENT AND FOSSIL
By Joseph A. Cushman, oJ Sharon, MassachusettsandYosHiAKi OzAWA,* o/ the Imperial University of TokyoINTRODUCTIONThe Polymorphinidae, like many other families and groups ofForaminifera, are in a state of confusion that makes it difficult toidentify species on account of the great number of forms figured underthe same name. Many names have also been given to the samespecies. Brady, Parker, and Jones, in 1870, reviewed the subject intheir work, A Monograph of the Genus Polymorphina, and Jones andChapman later dealt at some length with the fistulose forms.We finished, two years ago, a preliminary study of the family intro-ducing a new classification of the group, based on the relationships asworked out in a joint study of many species. Some of the results ofthis study have been published : An Outline of a Revision of the Poly-morphinidae,^ Some Species of Fossil and Recent PolymorphinidaeFound in Japan, and A Revision of Polymorphinidae.^Since the completion of the first studies we have both spent sometime in Europe studying collections and collecting and preparingmaterial, the results of which are embodied in the present paperafter a further six months' study together of the material broughttogether in our combined collections.We found that the published figures for the most part were notaccurate enough in their details to be reliable in many cases, and exceptfor a study of the available type specimens the study of our ownabundant material has been the main source of our conclusions.Nevertheless the type figure and description have been studied in all
* WhOe this paper was in press, notice of the death of Doctor Ozawa in Tokyo on December 29, 1929,was received. The correction of proof is therefore entirely mine, with the exception of some few notes Ireceived from Doctor Ozawa after his return to Japan, where he again went over the duplicate manuscript.It is to be regretted that he was not able also to examine the proofs, for his keen mind would undoubtedlyhave found errors that I have probably overlooked.Through the characteristic generosity of Doctor Ozawa, my collection at Sharon was made the depositoryof nearly all the types and slides of all the species and varieties from the various localities. This collection,which will eventually find its way to the U. S. National Museum, is therefore exceptionally complete forthis family, which occupies considerably more than a thousand slides and many thousands of specimens.?Joseph A. Cushmam.1 Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, pp. 13-21, pi. 2.2 Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, pp. 63-83, pis. 13-17.92709?30 1 1
A PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
cases, usually with a study of topotype material at the same time.We have been exceptionally fortunate in having abundant materialfrom nearly all the important type localities of Europe and elsewhere,so that the species that we have actually seen from their type localitiesrepresent a large part of the total number. Many persons and insti-tutions have supplied us with material, and all can not be thankedindividually. We have ourselves collected at many of the type locali-ties. In Vienna, for example, Ozawa washed down more than aquarter of a ton of clays from the type localities of Baden and Nuss-dorf, with the result that we have had for study beautiful suites ofspecimens of species from these important localities. Of the localitiesof England, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, HoUand, Germany, Aus-tria, Hungary, etc., we have also had abundant material. FromJapan, Australia, Fiji, New Guinea, etc., material has been abun-dantly supplied as well as from northern South Amerca, Trinidad,Mexico, and the United States. Altogether we have studied materialprobably from more than a thousand localities, and the number ofmounted specimens totals many thousands. We have had for studytherefore an exceptional collection, and the results of our study,while not in any sense final, will nevertheless have the satisfaction ofbeing based on abundant material from type localities.DISTRIBUTIONIn the present work it has been found useless to try to check up thedistribution of species from the published records. So many of thespecies have been wrongly used and so many of the records are unac-companied by figures that the resulting confusion can only bestraightened out by an actual study of the existing collections on whichthese records were based. Such a study at this time is impossible.For these reasons we have used the specimens available to us and thenotes made in studies of European collections.Even with the many thousands of mounted specimens of Poly-morphinidae that we have, it will be found that the ranges bothgeographically and geologically are probably not entirely correct forsome of the species. The distribution of species as we have identifiedthem was plotted in colors on a world map so that the distribution ofeach species as we have identified it might be quickly seen.The maps show one thing in particular that was already apparentfrom our study of many specimens; that is, that smooth, rather primi-tive species such as Globulina gibba and Guttulina problema have a verylong geologic history and are widely distributed. On the other hand,a similar study of the maps of the species of Polymorphina shows thatthey are each restricted to narrow limits both in present oceans and inthe fossil series. In the latter, we are dealing with species of a genusthat is specialized and has developed most of its species in the late
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 6Tertiary and in the present seas. Similarly, it will be found that someof the species of various genera that are highly ornamented or havevery characteristic shapes do not range widelj^, while smooth forms ofthe same genera for the most part have very much greater ranges.We have recognized this fact, and it is possible in our material toindicate several groups under a single specific name with morerestricted ranges, but it was found very difficult to show these dif-ferences so that they would be really of use to the worker in thegroup. Some of these forms undoubtedly overlap in their characters,yet those of given areas or formations may have minor characterswhich are distinctive when the specimens themselves are studied.With the smooth Polymorphinidae, especially in the more primitivespecies of GuUulina, the limits of variation are very difficult to defi-nitely fix, and young stages are also usually perplexing. Forms thatseem distinct in two areas may have connecting forms which bridgethe gaps, and all are placed together. It will probably be possiblewith intensive work on restricted areas to definitely fix the limits ofvariation in different species much more clearly than can be doneat the present time.Microspheric and megalospheric forms, even in the same areaor formation, are often considerably different in certain characters,and when the full characters of the two forms are known in eachspecies the distribution will probably be restricted.Some distributions as shown by well-defined species are very in-teresting. Some of these are already v/ell known from other groupsof the foraminifera. There are, of course, many areas in which therehave developed specialized species, very restricted in their distributionand characterizing that particular area or horizon. Many suchexamples will be found in the species given here, and a few only needbe mentioned: GuUulina regina with a restricted Australian-EastIndian range, a very striking species difficult to mistake; Polymorphinaadvena, Oligocene of the Mint Spring marl of Mississippi; P. alleniof the Eocene of England; P. burdigalensis, Miocene of Europe;P. complanata, Miocene of Nussdorf; P. cushmani, lower Eocene,Midway of Texas; P. frondea, lower Oligocene, Gulf Coastal Plain ofthe United States; P. frondiformis, Pliocene of Sutton, England;P. longistriata, lower Eocene, Thanet beds of Pegwell Bay, England;P. parallela, Pliocene of St. Erth, England; P. subrhombica, Eoceneof New Jersey. These are well-characterized species, and theirabsence in other regions is due to restricted distribution and not tobeing overlooked. Some interesting relationships of rather remoteregions have been noted. That the lower Oligocene of the GulfCoastal Plain and the Miocene and living faunas of the Australianregion are closely related has been often mentioned. The Plio-cene and Recent faunas of the region of Japan and southern
4 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77California are closely related, and a number of species are commonto the two areas both fossil and Recent: Guttulina orientalis, Poly-morphina charlottensis, and others. The Miocene of the Floridaregion and that of central Europe have certain species in common.The Eocene of the Paris Basin and allied areas are related to thatsimilar age in America and the Miocene of Australia. The Torto-nian Miocene of central Europe is related to the Pliocene of Italyand to the Recent fauna of the Mediterranean. Some of theOligocene species of Germany are very close to or identical with thoseof the Cooper marl, upper Eocene of South Carolina, but not equallyrelated to those of the Jackson of the Gulf Region.An interesting relation is that shown between the living fauna ofthe Carolina coast and that of the warm area of the Philippines, forexample, not in shallow-water forms but in those of a hundredfathoms or more.The fossil fauna of Trinidad has some very peculiar relationshipswith those of other regions. Some of the species of the TrinidadEocene are much like those now living in the Philippine region, andin many respects the fauna has an Indo-Pacific relationship.The Cretaceous faunas of Europe and America, especially of Mexicoand the United States, have much in common. Yet each area inaddition to species in common has certain specialized species of its own.One of the interesting facts in regard to distribution broughtout in our studies is the peculiar distribution of Globulina. Whilethe genus was widely distributed in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary,it is much restricted in later times and in the present oceans.Globulina gibba, for example, while it is extremely common throughthe Miocene, becomes rare in the Pliocene and in the present oceans,not occurring at all in the Pacific and restricted to the Mediterraneanand the Eastern Atlantic.CLOCKWISE OR CONTRACLOCKWISE ARRANGEMENT OFCHAMBERSIn most of the Polymorphinidae the chambers are arranged, atleast in the early stages, in a spiral, quinqueloculine or sigmoid series.In each of these series there are two different plans of arrangement;those are clockwise and contraclockwise. In the present paper aclockwise or contraclockwise arrangement of chambers is used inthe sense of the direction in which each succeeding chamber isadded when a specimen is viewed from the base. In a spiral spe-cies there is no difficulty in determining the direction of the spiralseries. In those species having either a quinqueloculine or sigmoidarrangement of the chambers they are separated into two seriesfor purposes of convenience. Therefore in this case the term clock-wise or contraclockwise series is based on the direction of the arrange-
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWAment of chambers in each series. Accordingly if a species witheither a quinquelocuHne or sigmoid series of chambers has each suc-ceeding chamber added in a clockwise direction, each of the two seriesof chambers is directed contraclockwisely, as is shown by the figure.The question is whether or not the direction of the spiral, quin-quelocuHne or sigmoid arrangement is fixed in the species. As faras we have examined a great number of specimens of various species,it is fixed in some species, especially those species of more advancedgenera, such as Sigmomorphina, Sigmoidella, and Polymorphina.FISTULOSE OUTGROWTHSOne of the most interesting peculiarities of the Polymorphinidae isthe development of irregular fistulose outgrowths, generally coveringthe upper part of the test and often extending over the whole surface.It is interesting to note that the fistulose tubes are often rugose, as isthe wall of an extra small chamber. The fistulose forms have beentreated by some writers as constituting collectively a distinct speciesor even generic group. Raphanulina, Apiopterina, and Aulostomellaare generic names given to fistulose forms. Brady, Parker, and Jones,in their monograph of the genus Polymorphina, unite all fistuloseforms and put them in Polymorphina orbignii (Zborzewski), but muchlater H. B. Brady found that almost all the common species of thePolymorphinidae have fistulose varieties, and expressed the opinionthat it appears more natural to assign fistulose modifications to theirrespective types, and their true position is that of individuals ofmonstrous development. We are of the same opinion as Brady onthese problems, and in the present paper fistulose forms are notseparated even as a variety.The trouble is with the identification of the fistulose specimens,because important characters of the species are often concealedbeneath the fistulose outgrowths. Many authors have figured andnamed fistulose forms, and in most cases the fistulose part is carefullydrawn, while the body of the test itself is neglected. Therefore it isvery difficult to determine to what species the figured fistulose formis related.For example, Raphanulina humboldti has well-developed fistuloseoutgrowths, but it is impossible to determine the arrangement ofchambers. Therefore we are compelled to abandon it as a species,although it is described as early as 1834. Many varietal and specificnames given to the fistulose forms are omitted in the present paperbecause of the difficulty in specifically determining them.ATTACHED FORMSAttached forms are not common in the family. Most attachedforms are compressed, and the main body of the test resembles some
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77particular species. However, in this paper, attached forms areseparated from the others.ORNAMENTATION OF WALLMany species in the family have ornamented varieties. Orna-mented forms are separated as a variety of smooth forms having thesame characters. When an ornamented form is described earlier thana smooth form, the smooth form is taken as a variety.PHYLOGENETIC RELATION OF THE GENERA OF THEPOLYMORPHINIDAEThe closeness of the relationship between the Polymorphinidae andthe Lagenidae is very marked. The wall is similar and especially theterminal radiate aperture. However, the arrangement of chambersis very different from anything seen in the Lagenidae. It is spiral,triloculine, quinqueloculine, or sigmoidal, and in some advancedgroups it becomes biserial or uniserial. The most important problemto make clear is how the spiral arrangement of chambers is derivedand what the relationship is between various genera with differentarrangements of chambers. That is the phylogenetic problem of thePolymorphinidae.In order to study the phylogenetic relations of various genera of thePolymorphinidae, the detailed examination of the arrangement ofchambers of any species is of utmost importance as in other groups ofthe foraminifera. Excepting d'Orbigny, who gives end views of hisearliest species of the family in his Tableaux Methodique, no one hasfigured end views showing an arrangement of chambers of any speciesof the Polymorphinidae.This circumstance caused great difficulties in identification. Someauthors considered that the arrangement of chambers of Guttulina isirregular or triserial, but we have examined very many species ofGuttulina and have not seen a single specimen having either anirregular or triserial arrangement of chambers. We are convincedthat the arrangement of chambers in the Polymorphinidae is veryregular and that the family can be divided into several genera accord-ing to the various arrangements of chambers as in other families ofForaminifera.In order to discuss the relationships of various arrangements ofchambers, it is of interest to study some typical species of variousgroups according to their geologic distribution. The geologicallyoldest species of the Polymorphinidae hitherto recorded are Polymor-phina avia and P. abavia, both described hj Ehrenberg from theOrdovician of the neighborhood of Leningrad. These two species areaggregations of glauconite, and there are some doubts about theirorganic origin.
AET. 6 FOEAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE^?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA /Chapman described two species of Polymorphina, P. seminis, and P.archaica from the Middle Devonian of Eifel in Germany. Theyresemble Globulina in their general outline. From the phylogeneticconsideration of the family, we doubt if they be true Globulina. Noother authors have noted the occurrence of the Polymorphinidae inthe Paleozoic rocks.In the Mesozoic the Polymorphinidae became gradually frequentalthough most Triassic species are doubtful. Guttulina (f) raibliana,described by Gtimbel from the Upper Triassic of Austria, judged fromthe figure, surely belongs to the Polymorphinidae. It resemblesGuttulina, but the chambers seem to be arranged in a spiral series, asin many of the more primitive Jurassic species.With the beginning of the Jurassic the Polymorphinidae are ofrather frequent occurrence, and more than 50 species are recorded fromvarious Jurassic deposits in Europe. Some of them are identifiedwith Tertiary or Recent species, such as P. burdigalensis , P. compressaetc., but most of them are known only from the Jurassic. Terquemdescribed most of the Jurassic species from the Oolite and the Lias inFrance. These Jurassic species are very important for a study ofthe earlier forms of the Polymorphinidae and its relationships withthe Lagenidae. Terquem 's figures are probably not drawn well, andno end view showing the arrangement of chambers is given. Ozawatried to examine Terquem's original specimens in Paris, but it wasalmost impossible because they are not in good order. Therefore thefollowing discussion of the arrangement of chambers of Jurassicspecies is according to Terquem's figures with the aid obtained froma study of our Jurassic specimens found in England.Among Terquem's species, Polymorphina bilocularis is a two-chambered fusiform species and is very similar to Vaginulina, but thesecond chamber more or less deviates from the coiled position ofVaginulina, and is in a spiral position.Schwager's Globulina secale (1865), in its external appearance, isalmost identical with P. bilocularis (1864), but it has numerous cham-bers, most of which are entirely embraced by the last two chambersand are not visible from the exterior. From Schwager's descriptionand figures alone it is almost impossible to determine whether or notthe species really belongs to the Polymorphinidae.Polymorphina intorta Terquem, P. nitidiuscula Terquem, andP. obliqua Terquem, judging from their figures, may represent inter-mediate stages between coiled Vaginulina and spiral Polymorphini-dae. Their successive chambers are added in planes less than90? apart from one another. P. sacculus Terquem is a rather inter-esting species, having three chambers, arranged evidently in a spiralseries. Terquem's species Polymorphina triloba, P. breoni, P. poly-gona, P. ovula, and P. avena have more than two chambers arranged
8 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77in a spiral series, and each succeeding chamber is removed very muchfarther from the base. Among them, P. polygona is the most inter-esting, and Terquem put several forms with very diflt'erent appear-ances in this species, some three chambered and compressed, theothers with an early stage similar to P. sacculus. We have a specimenfrom the Kimmeridge clay in England which is very similar toTerquem's first and second figures of P. polygona, and we haveidentified it with Terquem's species; and it is described in the presentpaper. In a certain position in side view the specimen is very muchlike an elongated Guttulina, but the chambers are arranged in a spiralseries instead of a quinqueloculine one.Terquem's species Polymorphina distincta, P. amygdala, and P.pyriformis are very similar to P. polygona in their arrangement ofchambers.From such spiral species are derived elongated forms such asP. mutahilis (immutabilis) Schwager, P. pyriformis Terquem, P.pupijormis Terquem, P. ovigera Terquem, P. quadrata Terquem,and P. distincta Terquem. In these species chambers are arrangedin a spiral, and each succeeding chamber is r-emoved much fartherfrom the base, giving to the test an appearance of having a somewhatuniserial or biserial arrangement of chambers.In such species as Polymorphina cruciata Terquem, P. lagenalisTerquem, and probably P. squammata. Terquem, and P. angustataTerquem, the chambers are added in planes 90? apart from oneanother, and accordingly they are tetraserial. P. irregularis Ter-quem may represent an intermediate form between such tetraserialforms and the spiral species above referred to. Two such tetraserialforms are reported by Chapman from the Lower Greensand inEngland (Littleton, Bargate Bed of Surrey). They are Polymor-phina rhabdogonioides and P. frondicularioides, both of which arefigured on Plate 1 of this paper. Chapman added in the descriptionthat he thinks that they may represent a new genus or subgenus.Polymorphina imbricata Terquem is a cylindrical form with cham-bers seemingly arranged in a biserial series, but we doubt if it is atruly biserial species.One of the most important groups among the Jurassic Polymor-phinidae is that having globular or fusiform species with the suturesnot depressed and chambers arranged in a nearly triserial spiralseries. In this group are included Polymorphina liassica Strickland,P. fontinensis Terquem, Globulina laevis Schwager, Guttulina similisTerquem and Berthelin, and several others. The globular speciessuch as P . fontinensis and Guttulina similis are few chambered forms,and in their general outline they are very similar to Cretaceous andTertiary Globulinas such as Globulina lacrima and G. gibba. But ifwe examine in detail figures of Jurassic globular forms, we can easily
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 9
recognize the striking difference in arrangement of chambers betweenJurassic globular Polymorphinidae and Cretaceous and TertiaryGlobulina. For example, we may note Glohulina laevis Schwagerfrom the Lower Oxfordian ^ and Polymorphina gibbosa Terquem fromthe Fuller's Earth. They are oval forms, having a few chamberswhich are arranged in a quite diffei*ent series from the arrangementof chambers in Globulina gibba. In both species each succeedingchamber apparently becomes smaller and smaller, and the chambersare arranged in a spiral series. Such globular, spiral forms areevidently derived from other primitive Jurassic spiral forms byhaving more overlapping and somewhat regularly triserial chambers.The fusiform P. liassica is also similar to species of Cretaceous andTertiary fusiform Globulinas such as Globulina prisca and G. minutain its general outline, and it is apparently impossible to separatethem. However, it may be considered that there are probably someglobular or fusiform Polymorphinidae in the Jurassic and Cretaceousderived directly from the primitive spiral group.There is only one species of the Polymorphinidae described fromthe Jurassic which may be placed under Guttulina with some doubt.That is an ovate, somewhat compressed Polymorphina pygmaeaSchwager reported from the lower Oxfordian in Germany. It isquite different from any of the other hitherto known Jurassic speciesand somewhat resembles Guttulina lactea, but the chambers arearranged in a clockwise series. The biserial species appear also to berare. Excepting for very doubtful P. imbricata, already noted,Polymorphina sinuata Terquem is the only species having a compressedtest and biserial chambers. It evidently differs from more advancedbiserial Pseudopolymorphina and Polymorphina which are derivedfrom Guttulina and Sigmomorphina, respectively. It may be deriveddirectly from some Jurassic spiral group. Some Cretaceous biserialspecies such as Polymorphina pleurostomelloides and P. gaultina areundoubtedly related to Jurassic biserial forms.There are some ambiguous species described from the Jurassic,such as P. annulata, P. oviformis, and P. septata, etc. They areeither doubtful Polymorphinidae or abnormal species. Spiral andtetraloculine Polymorphinidae seem to have disappeared in the LowerCretaceous. We have a spiral species from the Gault in Englandwhich is new. The two tetraloculine species described by Chapmanare also from England.These primitive Polymorphinidae are replaced by the moreadvanced Guttulina, which becomes rather common in both Lower andUpper Cretaceous, as do Pyrulina and Globulina as well. Guttulinahaving the elongate quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers may
3 Jahresh. Ver. vat. Nat. Wurtt., vol. 21, 1865, pi. 7, fig. 7.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77be taken as an original stock from which various Tertiary and Recentspecialized genera having different arrangements of chambers arose.180'
S" i 1 '49
Figure 1.
?
Idealized basal views of various genera of the Polymorfhinidae to show theARRANGEMENT OF CHAMBERS. O. EOGUTTULINA (SPIRAL). 6. QUADRULINA (TETRALOCUUNE). d.PALEOPOLYMORPHINA (SPtaAL-BXSERIAL) .
?, ?'. GUTTULINA; ?, CLOCKWISE QUINQUELOCULINEJ ?',CONTRACLOCKWISE QUINQUELOCULINE. /,/'. GlOBULINA; /, MICROSPHERIC form; /', MEGALOSPHERICFORM. g. Pyrulina (quinqueloculine-biserial). h. Glandulina (biserial-uniserial). i.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA (quinqueloculine-biserial). j, ft. SiGMOMORPHINA, SiGMOIDELLA (.SIG-MOIDAL); j, CLOCKWISE; <r, CONTRACLOCKWISE. I. POLYMORPHINA (BISERIAL)Guttulina is characterized by a quinqueloculine arrangement ofchambers, and each succeeding chamber is added upwardly, so thatall apertures are directed toward one end. Its chambers are addedin planes 144? apart from one another.
AKT. 6 'fORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 11Globulina has apparently triserial chambers. However, the actualarrangement is not triserial but somewhat quinqueloculine. Theapparent triserial series of chambers has resulted from much over-lapping of the chambers as shown by the text figures.Pyrulina is an elongate or fusiform genus, in which the chambersare typically quinqueloculine in the early stage, later becoming biserial.As is already noted, it is very diflEicult to separate some Tertiary andRecent species of Globulina and Pyrulina from some Jurassic globu-lar or fusiform species because of their homeomorphy or parallelevolution.Pyrulina and Globulina are abundant in the Upper Cretaceous,Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene. In the Pliocene and Recent, theyare of rather rare occurrence compared with other genera.Glandulina, as far as its genotype species Glandulina laevigata isconcerned, is closely related to Pyrulina and should be included in thePolymorphinidae. The microspheric form of Glandulina laevigata hasthe early chambers invariably arranged in a biserial series, althoughin the later stage and also in the megalospheric form the septa arealmost horizontal and parallel.In the Upper Cretaceous Pseudopolymorphina is introduced. Ithas a test with the early chambers arranged in a quinqueloculineseries, while the later ones become biserial and the chambers areslightly overlapping.Much more advanced genera such as Sigmomorphina, Sigmoidella,and Polymorphina appear for the first time with the beginning of theTertiary. Sigmoidina is a group having a quinqueloculine arrange-ment of chambers as in Guttulina, but each succeeding chamberextends down to the base and embraces the earlier ones, so that buta few chambers are visible from the exterior.Sigmoidella is undoubtedly related to Sigmoidina, and the chambersare involute, but they are arranged in an open sigmoid series.Sigmomorphina arose from Guttulina s. str. by developing elongatedchambers added laterally in a sigmoid series. In some elongatedSigmomorphina each succeeding chamber in the later stage is removedmuch farther from the base. Sigmomorpha, the genotype species ofwhich is S. sadoensis, is included in Guttulina, after the detailed exam-ination of numerous species, although some specimens show a moreor less sigmoid arrangement of chambers.Polymorphina is the most advanced and specialized genus. Theprimitive forms have a sigmoid arrangement of chambers in theirearly stages, but the advanced species are entirely biserial, and eachsucceeding chamber is farther removed from the base.Dimorphina tuberosa seems to us to be a very doubtful species.Ozawa found that the original specimen has been lost, and the figures
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
of the species given by Fornasini are evidently a Marginulina} Twospecies of Dirnorphina described from the Vienna Basin by d'Orbignyare also Marginulina with coiled chambers in their early stage.Therefore Dirnorphina is a very uncertain genus. We have a fewspecimens having the early chambers arranged in a quinqueloculineor somewhat triloculine series, later becoming uniserial. Such formscorrespond somewhat with the supposed Dirnorphina, but provi-sionally we have included them in Pseudopolymorphina, from whichthey are undoubtedly derived by adding chambers in a uniserialarrangement.Dirnorphina compada described by H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jonesfrom the Crag of Sutton is an arcuate species resembling Marginulina.It does not belong to the Polymorphinidae.In the following is summarized the evolution of the Polymor-phinidae from the standpoint of the changes in arrangement of thechambers.1. Some doubtful species of the Polymorphinidae are recorded fromthe Palaeozoic as far back as the Ordovician, but undisputed speciesbelonging to the family are known only from the Triassic and laterformations.2. The Polymorphinidae are undoubtedly derived from some coiledform of the Lagenidae such as Marginulina or Vaginulina by intro-ducing a spiral arrangement of chambers. The family may be dividedinto the following groups based on the differences in the arrangementof the chambers:
a. Chambers arranged in a spiral series added in planes less than 90? apartfrom one another, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base.Eoguttulina.This group is the most primitive among the Polymorphinidae and is knownfrom the Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous of Europe. Provisionally weinclude in the group those forms having the spiral chambers added in planesmore than 90^ but less than 144? apart from one another.b. Chambers added in planes 90? apart from one another, that is, arranged in atetraloculine series at least in the later stage Quadrulina.This group is also known onlj^ from the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ofEurope.c. Chambers added in planes 120? apart from one another, that is, arranged ina spirally triloculine series. Chambers more or less overlapping, giving the testa globular or fusiform appearance. This group should be studied in detail. Atpresent we include the group in Eoguttulina because of its spiral arrangement ofchambers.d. Test with the early chambers spiral, later ones becoming biserial.Paleopolymorphina.e. Chambers more or less elongated, added in planes 144? apart from oneanother, that is, the chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series. This groupis subdivided into two divisions?one, Guttulina s. str. in which each succeedingchamber is removed farther from the base; the other, Sigmoidina, in whichnormally each succeeding chamber entirely embraces the earlier ones of its series.
< Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 8, 1900, p. 35, fie. 39.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 13A quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers seems to be rather stable in thefamily, as Guttulina is known from the Jurassic (?) and is rather common inthe Cretaceous, especially in the Upper Cretaceous, and very abundant in variousTertiary deposits as well as Recent forms throughout the world./. Chambers, in the early stage of the microspheric form, arranged in a quin-queloculine series, later much overlapping, becoming apparently triserial, that is,chambers added in planes more than 144? and less than 180? apart from oneanother Globulina.g. Chambers invariably more or less elongated and embracing, arranged atfirst in a somewhat quinqueloculine series, later becoming biserial Pynilina.h. Early chambers added in a quinqueloculine or biserial manner, later onesbecoming uniserial Glandulina.This group is of rather rare occurrence in the older Tertiary, but common fromithe Miocene to the Recent.i. Early chambers in a quinqueloculine series, later each succeeding chamberfarther removed from the base, becoming biserial and in some cases uniserial.Pseudopolymorphina.The supposed Dimorphina is provisionally included in the present group.Pseudopolymorphina occurs in the Cretaceous, but not as commonly as in theTertiary and Recent.j. Test at least in the adult with the chambers added in planes slightly lessthan 180? and more than 144? apart from one another, each succeeding chamberfarther removed from the base Sigmomorphina.This group is derived from Guttulina and is known only from the Tertiaryand Recent.k. Chambers arranged as those of the preceding group, but each succeedingchamber embracing the earlier ones of its series. It is derived from Sigmoidinaand is known from the Tertiary as well as Recent Sigmoidella.I. Test with the early chambers arranged in a sigmoid series becoming biserialor entirely biserial from the start. This is the most advanced group among thePolymorphinidae and the chambers are added in planes 180? apart from oneanother. It is only known from the Tertiary and Recent. It must be kept inmind that even though it may be made up of an entirely biserial series of cham-bers the test has an appearance of a slightly sigmoid arrangement of the chamberscontinuing the shape of its ancestral development Polymorphina.BRIEF "notes on VARIOUS GENERIC NAMES GIVEN TO THEPOLYMORPHINIDAEThere are not so many generic names given to various groups ofthe Polymorphinidae. De Montfort's three genera, Arethusa, Misi-lus, and Cantharus, are so very rough and ill drawn that they arerecognized with difficulty as belonging to the Polymorphinidae, not-withstanding evidence of their having been copied from Soldani'splates. Arethusa is given to the figure copied from Soldani's figure n n(misprinted L L by de Montfort) in Plate 107, and Misilus is con-sidered by Parker and Jones to be used for a globular fistulose form.While Cantharus (seventy-fifth genus) is a very inaccurate copy ofSoldani (Testaceogr. pi. 107, fig. r r, misprinted p p by de Montfort),Parker and Jones compared Soldani's figure with 'Polymorphinaladea.'
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
Figure 2.?Development and eelationships of the genera of the Polymorphinidae,1, 2. EOGUTTTJLINA. 3. QUADRULINA. 4. PaLEOPOLYMORPHINA. 5. GUTTUUNA. 6, 7.sigmoidella. 8. sigmomorphina. 9. polymobphina. 10, 11. pseddopolymorphina.12. Qlobulina. 13. Pyeulina. 14. Glandulina
ART. 6 FOKAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 15Arethusa was used by Fleming, Bowditch, and Thorpe, but theother two genera were abandoned for a long time. At present no oneuses any of Montfort's three generic names because of their poorand rough illustrations. To the fistulose forms three differentgeneric names were given. Those are Zborzewski's Raphanulina andApiopterina and Alth's Aulostomella, which are included in Globulina,as far as the species under those genera are concerned.Psecadium is said to have been used by Reuss in manuscript, butit was used for the first time by Neugeboren in 1856. Its first species,P. simplex, is a Marginulina. Reuss's Psecadium acuminatum givento Schlicht's figures ^ undoubtedly belongs to the Polymorphinidaeand is considered by us as a synonym of Glandulina.Von Schlicht's Rostrolina is considered by Brady, Parker, andJones to be placed under Polymorphina, but as is already discussedby Silvestri, most of its species belong to the Ellipsoidinidae, andthe first species of Rostrolina, according to A. Silvestri, is Ellipso-pleurostomella rostrata. The first species of Atractolina is named byReuss Psecadium acuminatum.Pyrulinella is given to a fusiform group having a biserial stage,but its genotype species, Polymorphina lanceolata Reuss, very doubt-fully belongs to the Polymorphinidae, and it resembles Virgulina,and accordingly the name is dropped and the fusiform group havinga biserial stage is placed under Pyrulina.Dimorphina is an ambiguous genus, although it has been usedsince d'Orbigny established it. D'Orbigny's species, Dimorphinatuberosa, considered from Fornasini's figure, is a Marginulina.Most species hitherto described under Dimorphina can be placedin other genera.SPECIES DESCRIBED AS BELONGING TO THE POLYMORPHINIDAEBUT NOT ACTUALLY POLYMORPHINIDAEThere are m^any species which are described under the Polymor-phinidae but actually do not belong to the family. D'Orbigny'sPolymorphina acuta and P. digitalis, both described from the ViennaBasin, have been recognized by later authors as good species butthey are Virgulina (original and paratype specimens examined byOzawa). Reuss's P. lanceolata is used often by later authors, butthe first figured specimen appears to belong to Virgulina.Costa from 1856 to 1864 described fifteen species of the Polymor-phinidae. There are two under Polymorphina, seven under Guttulina,five under Globulina, and one under Aulostomella. His Polymor-phina is Virgulina, his Guttulina and Globulina are mostly Bulimina^
? Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 25, flgs. 1-10.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77and one Aulostomella {A. dorsigera) appears to belong to the Polymor-phinidae.Ehrenberg described very many species of Polymorphina whichwere examined by us at the Museum of Natural History in Berlin,but most of them are mounted in Canada Balsam, and it is very diffi-cult to determine them. Ehrenberg placed under Polymorphinavarious biserial forms such as Virgulina and Bolivina, but there arenone of his species which can be considered with confidence to belongto the Polymorphinidae. Therefore we omitted his species.Miller's three species of Polymorphina are apparently glauconiti(?nodules with cracks and not recognizable. Polymorphina complexaSidebottom from the Kerimba Archipelago has the same arrangementof chambers as Guttulina, but it has pores along the suture lines, andthe aperture is quite different from any genus of the family. Itmay be a new genus belonging to some other family.Silvestri described one new species and two new varieties from thePliocene at Coroncina. His Polymorphina pliocaena and its varietytricostata are evidently young specimens of Robulus. P. oblongavar. Jistulosa is a fistulose Guttulina.There are still many doubtful species of the family which are nottreated in the present paper: as, d'Orbigny's Polymorphina irregu-laris (1839), P. rochefortiana, and many others.Genus EOGUTTULINA Cushman and Ozawa, new genusTest with the chambers arranged in a spiral series added in planesless than 90? apart from one another, each succeeding chamberremoved farther from the base.Genotype.?Eoguttulina Anglica.EOGUTTULINA ANGLICA Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 1, figures 3 a?cTest elongated, more or less cylindrical, the greatest breadth inthe upper half, obtuse at the base, acuminate toward the aperturalend; chambers somewhat longer than broad, inflated, not much em-bracing, arranged in a spiral series, each succeeding chamber muchfarther removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wallsmooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.65 mm..; breadth 0.28 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 10990.) From Cretaceous, Cam-bridge Greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England.In a certain position in side view, Eoguttulina anglica resemblessome elongated forms of Guttulina. Each succeeding chamber isremoved farther from the base, as in an elongated Guttulina, butthe chambers are arranged in a spiral series and not quinqueloculine.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 17EOGUTTULINA LIASSICA (Strickland)Plate 1, figures 2 a-cPolymorphina liassica Strickland, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 2, 1846,p. 30, fig. b (in text).Polymorphina metensis Terquem, Quatr. Mem. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 301,pi. 13, figs. 38a,fe.
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Terquem and Berthelin, Mem. Soc. Geol.France, s^r. 2, vol. 10, pt. 3, 1875, p. 68, pi. 6, figs. la-j.Globulina laevis Schwager, Wurttemberg, Naturwiss. Jahreshefte, vol. 21,1865, p. 137, pi. 7, figs. 5, 25.Test elongated fusiform; chambers few, elongated, embracing,arranged in a triserially spiral series, each succeeding chamberremoved farther from the base; sutures not depressed, distinct;wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.15 mm.The present species was described by Strickland from the Liassicformation at Wainlode Cliff, Gloucestershire, England. We have asingle specimen from the Liassic in Gloucestershire which is verysimilar to Strickland's species in general aspect. The only differenceis that our specimen is slightly more slender.In general outline it is very similar to the Cretaceous Globulinaprisca, and it is almost impossible to separate them at a glance. Thearrangement of chambers is seeminglj^ different, that of the presentspecies being spiral from the first chamber, while in that of Globulinaprisca the first chambers are completely surrounded by the followingones. This may be a primitive form of an elongated Globulina, butfor the present, we prefer to place it in Eoguttulina.Polymorphina metensis described by Terquem from the Middle Liasof Saint-Julien-les-Metz and also by him with Berthelin from theLower Lias of d'Essey-les-Nancy seems to be very close to the presentspecies, although its chambers are much more embracing.Globulina laevis from the Jurassic in Germany has a small (0.3 mm.in length) fusiform, slightly compressed test, and in its general fea-tures it is very similar to the present species.Polymorphina oolithica from the Jurassic of Conflans and Fontenoyresembles the present species in general outline, but it is compressed.It may be different from the present species.Distribution.?All the records of this species are from the Jurassic.EOGUTTULINA POLYGONA (Terquem)Plate 1, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina polygona Terquem, Quatr. Mem. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 305,pi. 14, figs. 16-20, 21-41 (?).Test somewhat compressed, elongated, acute toward the aperturalend ; chambers longer than wide, more or less triangularly compressed,arranged in a spiral series, each succeeding chamber farther removed92709?30 2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77from the base; sutures depressed, rather distinct; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length 0.33 mm.; breadth 0.12 mm.We have one specimen from the Kimmeridge Clay in Englandwhich is very similar to Terquem's figures of few chambered specimens.Terquem's Figures 16-20 appear to be very similar and may beincluded in the present species, but as to the others, it is doubtfulwhether or not they are the same as the present species.Distribution.?Terquem reported it from the lower Lias at Beauveauand Auline in France.Genus QUADRULINA Cushman and Ozawa, new genusTest with the chambers added in planes 90? apart from one another,that is, arranged in a tetraloculine series, at least in the later stage.Genotype .-
?
Quadrulina rhabdogonioides.QUADRULINA RHABDOGONIOIDES (Chapman)Plate 1, figures 4 o, 6Polymor'phina rhabdogonioides Chapman, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 50,1894, p. 716, pi. 34, figs. 12 a, b.
"Test subpyramidal and quadrifacial; bluntly pointed at the baseand rapidly increasing in width toward the oral extremity. The testis smooth and consists of a Polymorphine series of chambers (slightlytwisted as regards the commencement), the margins of which aredeeply sunken, and the chambers themselves, numbering about fiveto seven on each face of the test, well inflated, especially in the caseof the more or less central one visible on each face. The terminalchamber is large and embracing, subquadrangular in section, but notregular. The aperture is circular and with margin pectinate."Length one-seventieth inch (0.36 mm.); width diagonally oneone hundred and tenth inch (0.23 mm.)."The foregoing species is probably a dimorphous form, combiningPolymor'phina with Rhabdogonium, and in the event of other varietiesbecoming known it may be found necessary to form a distinct genusfor this type."Two specimens from the pebble beds, Littleton, Bargate Bed ofSurrey (lower greensand)."We have no specimen of this species. The above is quoted directlyfrom Chapman, and the figures are copied from his plate.From Chapman's figures and description the present species seemsto have the chambers arranged in a spiral series in the early stages,later becoming tetraserial.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEKA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 19QUADRULINA FEONDICULARIOIDES (Chapman)Plate 1, figures 5 a, bPolymorphina frondicularioides Chapman, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 50,1894, p. 716, pi. 34, figs. 13 a, b.
"Test subpyriform, but somewhat compressed, tapering moreacutely towards the aboral extremity; test rhomboidal in section,surface smooth, and swollen along the centre of each face. Aboutsix^chambers are visible on each surface, slightly inflated, and borderedby^well marked sutures. The last chamber is pinched up towardsthe apex; but it embraces the whole width of the test, after the man-ner of Frondicularia and Lingulina. Aperture slightly elongate, witha stellate border. Length one sixty-sixth inch (0.37 mm.), width oneone-hundred-and-thirtieth inch (0.19 mm.).
"This form also appears to represent a new genus or subgenus,combining two hitherto distinct generic types."One specimen from the pebble bed, Littleton."We have no specimen of the present species.The above is quoted directly from Chapman, and the figures arecopied from his plate.QUADRULINA LAGENALIS (Terquem)Plate 1, figures 6 a, 6Polymorphina lagenalis Terquem, Quatr. Mem. Foram. Lias, 1864, p. 301,pi. 13, figs. 39a, b.Terquem's description of the species runs as follows
:
P. testa laevigata, elongata, ovata, rotundata, postice obtusa, antice succisa,lateribus aequali, loculis septem alanis, quatuor induplice cruce dispositis, uno inmedio quadrangular!, apertura magna, long. 0.58 mm.Locality: Quenleu-les-Metz, lower Lias.This is a distinctive species having a tetraloculine arrangement ofchambers and is here copied in order to show a Jurassic example ofthe genus.Terquem's figures are not sufficient to show completely the tetraloc-uline arrangement of chambers.Genus GUTTULINA d'Orbigny, 1826GUTTULINA PROBLEMA d'OrbignyPlate 2, figures 1-6; Plate 3, figures 1 a-cGultulina problema d'ORBiGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 14.
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Ctjshman and Schenck, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol.17, 1928, p. 310, pi. 43, figs. 9-11.Polymorphina problema d'ORBiGNY, Modeles, 1826, No. 61.?H. B. Brady,Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 568, pi. 72, fig. 20; pi.73, fig. 1.?Jones, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896, p. 267, pi. 1, fig. 64; pi. 5,fig. 23; pi. 6, figs. 12 a, b.?Burrows and Holland, Proc. Geol. Assoc,
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 7r
vol. 15, 1897, p. 46, pi. 2, fig. 17.?Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey,,Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 253, pi. 3, figs. 27, 28.?Cushman, Bull..100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 264, pi. 54, figs. 3, 4; U. S. Geol.Survey Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 6.?Chapman, New Zea-land Geol. Survey, Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 68, pi. 5, figs. 10-12.Polymorphina (Guttulina) problema Andreae, Abhandl. Geol. Special-KarteElsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, p. 118, pi. 9, fig. 21 a-c.Polymorphina problema var. Hosius, Ver. Nat. Hist. Vereins Pr. Rheinlande^vol. 50, 1893, p. 103, pi. 2, figs. 2 a-c (not figs. 3-5).Guttulina communis d'ORBiGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 15,.pi. 12, figs. 1-4, Modeles No. 62.
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Reuss in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein.,,1845-46, p. 669, pi. 24, fig. 82.Polymorphina communis Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385^fig. 29.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27,1869, p. 224, pi. 39, figs. 10 a, &.?H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger,.Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 568, pi. 72, fig. 19.?Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus.Rept., 1897, p. 319, pi. 67, fig. 6 (part).?Bagg, Bull. 88, U. S. GeoLSurvey, 1898, p. 60, pi. 6, fig. 2. Fornasini, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit.,,Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 8, 1900, p. 33, fig. 37.?Weller, Geol. Survey NewJersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 248, pi. 3, fig. 18.?Bagg, U. S>Geol. Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 68, pi. 21, figs. 7 a, b, 13-15.?Cushman,Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 87, pi. 37, fig. 7.Polymorphina lactea Walker and Jacob var. communis WiLLiAMsoN,,RecentForam. Great Britain, 1858, p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 153-155.Polymorphina (Guttulina) lata Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg. 1857^p. 288, pi. 13, figs. 22-24.Guttulina cretacea Alth, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 3, 1850, p. 262^pi. 13, fig. 14.
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Reuss, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, 1851, p. 28,pi. 4, fig. 10.Polymorphina cretacea Egger, Abhandl. Kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen,.CI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899, p. 127, pi. 17, figs. 12, 13.Globidina irregularis Terquem, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 44, pi. 4 (9), figs. 13, 14.Polymorphina lactea Sidebottom, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc,vol. 5, No. 9, 1907, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 11.?Franke, Abhandl, geol. pal.Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 77, pi. 6, fig. 18; DanmarksGeol. Unders. 2, Raekke, No. 46, 1927, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 13.Globulina gibba var. glomula Fornasini, Mem. Accad. Istit. Bologna Sci.,ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902 (1902), p. 68, fig. 20 in text.Test broadly fusiform, acute at the apertural end, more or lessrounded at the initial end in the megalospheric form, rather roundedat the base in the microspheric form; chambers elongated, more orless inflated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each suc-ceeding chamber slightly removed from the base; sutures depressed,very distinct; wall rather thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length, 0.50-1.25 mm.; breadth, 0.40-1.25 mm.; thickness, 0.28-0.70 mm.Most authors describe Guttulina problema as a species havingchambers arranged triserially or crowded together irregularly, butwe have seen no specimens having triserial or irregularly arrangedchambers, and all the specimens are characterized by a quinquelocu-
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 21line arrangement of chambers. Brady, Parker, and Jones give afigure drawn from d'Orbigny's model No. 61 (pi. 39, fig. 71a), but sofar as our model shows, the figure is not well drawn and does notrepresent the species correctly. The trouble is that d'Orbigny'sGuttulina problema, figured from the Vienna Basin, so far as hisoriginal specimen examined by Ozawa is concerned, is different fromhis original represented by the model. Moreover the model, judgingfrom ours, seems not to be made well.That is, the arrangement of chambers shown by the model appearsat first to be in a very roughly clockwise quinqueloculine series, andthe third chamber is added abnormally. D'Orbigny's original speci-men is lost; therefore the model is the only reference having anyauthority. It may be supposed that d'Orbigny's original of Guttulinafrohlema was an abnormal specimen.We have examined some Pliocene material from Castel Arquato,which is the original locality of d'Orbigny's Guttulina problema, andobtained some specimens which are very close to d'Orbigny's model,but there is no abnormal specimen just like the model. One of ourspecimens is figured. The figured specimen, as well as the othersfrom the same locality, more or less resemble Guttulina communisfigured by d'Orbigny in 1826, the differences are that Guttulinaproblema has one more chamber than the latter, and its later chambersare slightly more slender. Such differences are, of course, of verylittle importance for specific separation in this group, as thej^ are notconstant.Brady, Parker, and Jones recognized the close relationship betweenGuttulina problema and Guttulina communis, but they preferred toaccept the models No. 61 and No. 62 as a basis of subdivision, whilelater Brady proposed to unite them in the Challenger report, althoughhe gave separate names to the figures.Reuss, when he described Polymorphina problema var. deltoidea in1866,^ placed together Guttulina communis, Guttulina problema, andGuttulina austriaca; this conclusion might have been guided by thefigures in the Vienna Basin monograph. However, d'Orbigny's Gut-tulina communis figured in the Vienna Basin monograph is the sameas Reuss's Guttulina dilatata described in 1851, and d'Orbigny's Gut-tulina problema in the same paper is nothing but a specimen havingone more chamber than Guttulina communis {Guttulina dilatata).Guttulina austriaca is, as discussed later, quite different from theother two. The above discussion was confirmed by the study ofboth the holotypes and paratypes.At first, we endeavored to separate Guttulina problema and Guttulinacommunis, but a study of the large accumulation of both fossil and
* Deutsch. d. Matem.-Natur. Classed, k. Akad. Wissens, vol. 25, p. 164.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
recent specimens led us to unite them. The difference between themis only in the shape of chamber, more precisely the degree of elonga-tion.GuUulina cretacea Alth differs from the present species in its inflatedchambers, and is close to Globulina gibba var. glomula Fornasini fromthe Pliocene of Siena which, according to Fornasini, is an intermediatebetween GuUulina problema and Globulina gibba. However, bothGuUulina cretacea and Globulina gibba var. glomula, though they haveslightly depressed sutures, retain the quinqueloculine arrangement ofchambers, and they resemble GuUulina problema more than Globulinagibba. Therefore, they are included in GuUulina problema.We have specimens referred to this species from the following locali-ties: Recent.?Albatross D4807, off Japan; D5141, vicinity of Jolo^P. I.; D5469, east coast of Luzon, P. I.; D2756, off Brazil; shore sand,,Rimini, Italy; off southwest Ireland; Dry Tortugas, Fla.Pleistocene.?United States, Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills^Calif.Pliocene.?United States, Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif.Miocene.?Germany, Dingden, Westphalia, Ortenburg; Hungary,,Kostej, Banat; Tortonian sand, Varpolata; Austria, Bujtur, Sieben-burgen; France, Burdigalien superieur, Pont Gourguet, Saucats;Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Burdigalien inferieur, St.Paul de Dax; Moulin de FEglise, Saucats; Australia, Filter quarry,,near Batesford, Victoria; Bird Rock Cliffs, Torquay, Victoria;.Danger Point, Torquay, Victoria; lower beds. Muddy Creek; UnitedStates, Oak Grove sand, 100 yards below Oak Grove Bridge, YellowRiver, Fla. ; Chipola marl, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.Oligocene.?Germany, Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel;.Doberg, near Biinde; middle Oligocene, Septarienthon, Hermsdorf,near Berlin; Flonheim, Mainz Basin; Wiesloch, near Heidelberg;.Ceding, Westphalia; Diisseldorf; Hildesheimer Wald, near Dick-holzen, Hanover; Lobsann, Alsace; United States, lower Oligocene,Red Bluff clay. Red Bluff, Wayne County, Miss.Eocene.?United States, Jacksonian, Tarkiln Creek, one-half mile-above Neuches River, Tex.; Cooper marl. South Carolina; Claibor-nian of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; Vincentown, N. J.;.Cipero section, Trinidad, British West Indies; Midwayan, Texas;France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves); Vaudancourt; Orbitolites bedand Middle bed, Grignon; Campbon Liveau de Rilly, Damery;Belgium, Wansin.Cretaceous.?Holland, upper Senonian, Maastricht; United States,Ripley formation. Owl Creek, Miss.; Upper Cretaceous, Texas.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 23GUTTULINA BULLOIDES (Reuss)Plate 1, figures 7, 8Globulina bulloides Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861 (1862),p. 318, pi. 3, fig. 4.Guttulina bulloides Terquem (?), Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 47, pi. 4 (9), figs. 27 a, b.Globulina deformis d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 27.Polymorphina {Globulina) deformis Fornasini, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902,p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 9.Test diagonally oval, nearly as wide as long, rounded at both ends;chambers inflated, rounded, slightly embracing, arranged in an almostclockwise, quinqueloculine series; sutures much depressed, distinct;wall smooth, thick; aperture radiate.Length 0.40-1.50 mm.; breadth 0.40-1.40 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.75 mm.The present species is characterized by rounded chambers, the lastof which is much removed from the base. We have several specimensof the present species from the Miocene in the environs of Bordeauxwhich are just the same as Fornasini's figure. In its essential features,our specimens resemble Globulina bulloides described by Reuss fromthe Cretaceous of Maastricht. Our series of specimens shows thatthe species is a variable one.Guttulina bulloides Terquem, having rounded chambers separatedby deep sutures, seems perhaps to belong to the present species, butwe have no topotype specimens for comparison.Specimens in our collection which may be referred to this specieswith more or less question are from the following localities:Recent.?Shore sand, Coffins Beach, Annisquam, Mass.; AlbatrossD2415, 440 fathoms, and D2416, 276 fathoms, both off the Carolinacoast.Pliocene.?Crag, Sutton, England.Miocene.?France, Helvetian, Salles, Moulin du Minoy; Burdi-galien, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats; St. Paul de Dax; Hungary,Lapugy; Trinidad, Cipero section.GUTTULINA BARTSCHI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 1, figures 10 a-cTest ovate, with broadly rounded end (young) to oblong (adult),initial end obtuse and rounded, apertural end acuminate; chambersinflated, slightly longer than wide, slightly embracing, arranged in anearly quinqueloculine series ; sutures depressed^ distinct ; wall smooth,thick, translucent; aperture radiate.Length 0.50-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.60 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.45 mm.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77FIolotype.?{V. S. Nat. Mus. No. 12612.) From Albatross D5178,in 78 fathoms off Romblon, P. I.It also occurs in the Philippines from the following stations: D5143,19 fathoms and D5144, 19 fathoms, both off Jolo Jolo; D5152, 34fathoms, Tawi Tawi group; D5268, 170 fathoms, Verde Island Pas-sage; D5319, 340 fathoms, China Sea off Formosa. It also occurs atD4883, 53 fathoms, oft' Japan. We have specimens from off thePoor Knights Islands, New Zealand, in 60 fathoms, and from VanDiemans Inlet, Gulf of Carpenteria, Queensland, Australia, 10fathoms. There are specimens in the collection from the lowerPliocene of Beaumaris, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.The species is named after Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the United StatesNational Museum, who collected much of the material in the Albatrosscruise in the Philippines.In general outline, Guttulina bartschi is similar to Guttulina reginadistributed in the Indo-Australian region; but G. bartschi has a smoothsurface. GUTTULINA ORIENTALIS Cushman and OzawaPlate 3, figures 2, 3Guttulina orienialis Cushman and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 15, pi. 2, fig. 1; Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,1929, p. 66, pi. 13, fig. 1; pi. 14, figs. 1, 2.Test ovate to broadly fusiform, greatest breadth usually slightlybelow the middle, base broadly rounded; chambers inflated, clavate,arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeedingchamber farther removed from the base; sutures only slightly de-pressed, distinct; wall smooth, polished, thick; aperture radiate.Length of adult specimens, 1.00-1.42 mm.; breadth, 0.65-0.83 mm.;thickness, 0.55-0.69 mm.Guttulina orientalis most closely resembles Guttulina problema, fromwhich it is distinguished by its more inflated chambers arranged muchcloser in a quinqueloculine series, and each succeeding chamber isremoved much farther from the base. From Guttulina austriaca itis easily separated by its less depressed sutures, more rounded base,and inflated chambers.Distribution.?The species occurs at numerous localities aboutJapan. The type locality is from the upper Pliocene of Sawane,Island of Sado, Japan. It occurs also in the upper Pliocene of Nat-sukawa, and there are numerous Recent specimens from off Kobama.In the Albatross dredgings, it occurs at D4826, 114 fathoms, D4843,100 fathoms, both off Japan.In addition, there is in the collection a single specimen of similarform in Doctor Bagg's material from Timms Point, Calif. It may benoted also that we have a very few specimens from the Miocene of
AKT. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMO RPHINIDAB?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 25Bordeaux that in size and general arrangement of chambers are verysimilar. GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS (d'Orbigny)Plate 3, figures 4, 5; Plate 7, figures 1, 2GlobuUna irregularis d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 226, pi. 13, figs. 9, 10.?CusHMAN and Thomas, Journ. Pal., vol. 3,1929, p. 177, pi. 23, figs. 2a-c.Guttulina dilatata Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, 1850,p. 378, pi. 48, fig. 11.Guttulina problema d'Orbigny (not d'Orbigny 1826), Foram. Foss. Bass.Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 224, pi. 12, figs. 26-28.?Reuss, in Geinitz,Grundr. Verstein., 1845-46, p. 669, pi. 24, fig. 83.GlobuUna guttula Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 82,pi. 6, fig. 46.Guttulina semiplana Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 82,pi. 6, fig. 48.Guttulina centrata Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 46, pi. 4 (9), figs. 25a-26.Polymorphina byramensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-E,1922, p. 94, pi. 17, figs. 2a, b; Idem, Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 31, pi. 5,figs. 1-5.Guttulina byramensis Cushman and Schenck, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull.Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 17, 1928, p. 309, pi. 43, figs. 6-8.Test oval to subdeltoidal, equUaterally triangular with roundedsides and angles, excepting the acute apertural end ; chambers more orless angular, elongated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculineseries, each succeeding chamber excepting the last one or two cham-bers in fidl grown specimens coming down to the base; sutures de-pressed, distinct; wall smooth, but in full-grown specimens oftenhaving the last small chamber with spines or covered with fistulosetubes; aperture radiate.Length, 0.45-1.40 mm.; breadth, 0.30-1.20 mm.; thickness,0.20-0.75 mm.Guttulina irregularis is closely related to Guttulina problema in itsquinqueloculine arrangement of chambers and depressed sutures,and naturally it was recorded by most authors under the names ofGuttulina problema or Guttulina communis. D'Orbigny himselfdescribed and figured the present species in the Vienna monographas three different species, Guttulina communis, Guttulina problema,and GlobuUna irregularis. Ozawa examined both holotype andparatype specimens of the above three species as well as a great dealof material collected from the Vienna Basin Tertiary, and is con-vinced that the three species as used in the 1846 paper are reallynothing more than one and the same organism in different phases ofgrowth. "Guttulina communis" is the adult and most common formof d'Orbigny. Guttulina problema is an older stage with one morechamber, and GlobuUna irregularis represented by a somewhat
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77abnormal specimen having an irregular growth of chambers. Thereis some doubt about the holotype specimen of Glohulina irregularispreserved in the Museum of Paris, because the specimen is alsolabelled " Guttulina communis, var.," and it is equilateraily triangularin outline instead of globular as figured by d'Orbigny. It would beconsidered that d'Orbigny's figures for Glohulina irregularis are muchmodified from the specimen now in the museum as in the case ofGuttulina problema and Guttulina communis in the same paper.There is no specimen like the Glohulina irregularis figured byd'Orbigny, either in the paratype specimens or among our topotypes.Therefore, in this paper we take the specimen in the Museum atParis as the holotype and give the somewhat abnormal specimenhaving the very inadequate name of Glohulina irregularis the priorityover several specific names given the specimens considered to beidentical with the present species. It is to be noted here thatPolymorphina irregularis d'Orbigny in the Cuban monograph is adifferent species from Glohulina irregularis in the Vienna monographin which Glohulina is used as a genus.Guttulina dilatata Reuss recorded from the Vienna Basin Miocene in1850 is different from Polymorphina dilatata described by the sameauthor in the following year 1851, and is a very good representation ofthe present species. Reuss' Glohulina guttula and Guttulina semiplanafrom Hermsdorf are the same, the former being a young and thelatter an adult. They are very close to Guttulina irregularis and areplaced in the synonymy.Guttulina centrata Terquem, having a rounded outline and muchinvolute chambers is approaching Sigmoidella. This is shown inyoung stages of Guttulina irregularis.' It appears not to be welldrawn and is provisionally included in the present species.Polymorphina byramensis Cushman, one of the most common speciesin the American older Tertiary, in its general features is closely relatedto the present species.Distrihution.?This is one of the most common species of the Poly-morphinidae. It ranges from the Cretaceous to the Recent, and geo-graphically is also widely distributed. We have specimens from thefollowing localities referable to this species:Recent.?Italy, shore sand, Lido, Venice; Australia, shore sand,Torquay, on Bass Strait, Victoria; New Zealand, off North Cape, 75fathoms; off Oamaru, 50 fathoms; off the Big Eang, 98 fathoms; offPoor Knights Islands, 60 fathoms; east coast United States, AlhatrossD2415, oft' the Carolina coast, 440 fathoms; D2262, south of NewEngland, 250 fathoms.Pliocene.?Island of Cyprus, Lanarka; Italy, Coroncina, near Siena;Castel Arquato; Ponticello, near Bologna.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 27Miocene.?United States, Choctawhatchee marl, near Red Bay,Fla.; Chipola marl, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.; Australia,Janjukian, Filter quarries, Batesford, Victoria; Bird Rock Cliffs,Torquay, Victoria; bore, Hopevale Station, Sutherlands Creek, nearGeelong, Victoria; Balcombian, Kackeraboite Creek, Victoria;Austria, Amphistegina-in.&rl and Leithakalk, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf,near Vienna; Tortonian, Loos, Vienna Basin; Hungary, Tortonian,Varpolata; Lapugy; Kostej; France, Helvetian, Pontlevoy; Salles,Moulin de Minoj^; Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan;Burdigalien reciial, St. Paul de Dax, Landes, Burdigalien inferieur,Moulin de PEglise, Saucats (Gironde).Oligocene.?Germany, upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel;jniddle Oligocene, Flonheim, Mainz Basin; Hermsdorf near Berlin;Pietzpuhl; Sollingen; Duisberg; Ceding; Diisseldorf, Dickholzen;Lobsann; lower Oligocene, Lattdorf; Australia, Clifton Bank, nearHamilton, Victoria; United States, Byram marl, Byram and Vicks-burg. Miss.; Mint Spring Marl, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.,and many other localities recorded; Mexico, numerous localities inTampico embayment region.Eocene.?United States, Jacksonian, l}^ miles south of Shubuta,Miss.; 1 mile south of Yazoo City, Miss.; west bank of Chipola River,east of Marianna, Jackson County, Fla., and many other stations.;Claibornian, Cook Mountain formation, Moseleys Ferry, CaldwellCounty, Tex.; Sabine County, Tex.; Alabama; Louisiana; Vincen-town, N. J.; Midwayan, Naheola formation, Naheola Landing, Tom-bigbee River, Ala.; Midway, Tex. Mexico, many stations in Alazanclays, Guayabal formation, Guayabal. Trinidad, Hermitage quarry,Dumfries Road; Cipero section; Vistabella quarry. Hungary, Neu-stift, Ofen. Austria, Bartonian, Bruderndorf, near Stockerau.France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves); Damery; Chaussy; Grignon;Courtagnon. Italy, Bartonian, Vai di Lonte. England, Brackles-ham beds. White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight. Belgium, basal Eocene,Wansin.GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS d'Orbigny var. NIPPONENSIS Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 7, figures 3a-cVariety differing from the typical in having the later chambers notmuch removed from the base and having a tendency to embrace theearlier ones; that is, it is approaching Sigmoidella. It is noteworthythat the direction of the quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers iseither clockwise or contraclockwise as in Sigmoidella pacifica.Length 0.70-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.55 mm. ; thickness 0.33-0.37mm.Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 11140).?From upper Plio-cene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. Paratypes in GeologicalInstitute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77The specimens having a contraclockwise arrangement of chambers^more or less resemble Guttulina lactea, but the sutures are moredepressed and the outline is more triangular instead of the oval orovate form of Guttulina lactea.Distribution.?Found only in the Japanese Pliocene deposits and asa Recent form.GUTTULINA FRANKEI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 4, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina lactea var. cuspidata Franke, Abhandl. Mus. Nat. Magde-burg, 1925, p. 177, pi. 6, fig. 466.Test nearly quadrangular, almost symmetrical, apertural andinitial ends very acute, forming opposite diagonal angles, other twoangles rounded; chambers clavate, not embracing, earlier ones small,later ones much enlarged, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculineseries; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thick; apertureradiate.Length 0.60-0.82 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.35 mm.Holotype (Cushman Coll. No, 10588).?From the middle Oligocene ofSollingen, Germany. We also have specimens from the Oligoceneof Ceding, Westphalia, Germany. Very similar specimens occur inthe upper Eocene, Cooper marl of South Carolina.Guttulina frankei more or less resembles Guttulina irregularis in itsgeneral characters, but the former has the more acute base, often witha spine at its initial end. It differs from the microspheric form ofGuttulina irregularis which has invariably a rounded base and isusually more or less equilaterally triangular.Franke's Polymorphina lactea var. cuspidata reported from thelower Oligocene of Magdeburg is characterized by a cuspidate initialend and is verj^ similar to the present species. However, the namecuspidata has already been used by Brady, and we have attachedDoctor Franke's name to this species.GUTTULINA TRIGONULA (Reuss)Plate 4, figures 2 a-cPolymorphina trigonula Reuss, Die Verstein. bohm. Kreide, 1845, p. 40,pi. 13, fig. 84.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 232, pi. 40, figs. 16a, b.Polymorphina damaecornis Reuss, Die Verstein. bohm. Kreide, 1845, p. 40,pi. 13, fig. 85.Polymorphina (Guttulina) damaecornis Jones and Chapman, Journ. Linn.Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 508, fig. 2 (in text).Test spheroidal, truncate at the base, obtuse at the apertural end
;
chambers rounded, inflated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculineseries, each succeeding chamber extending back to the base but not
ART 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMOEPHINIDAE?CTJSHMAN AND OZAWA 29
covering the earlier chambers at the base; sutures depressed, distinct;wall smooth, the apertural end often covered with fistulose tubes;aperture produced, radiate.Length 0.35-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.25-
?.48 mm.Guttulina trigonula is allied to Guttulina problema and like it has thechambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series, but differs from it inthe truncate, somewhat three-sided base. The test itself is muchrounded and much wider than long. Guttulina damaecornis mentionedby Reuss in the same paper as the present species is undoubtedly afistulose specimen of Guttulina trigonula.Polymorphina glomerata Roemer '' characterized by a spheroidaltest composed of inflated and rounded chambers, appears to be veryclose to Guttulina trigonula, but the figures lack details. The factalso that we have no specimens in our collection that seem identicalhas left us in doubt whether it be a valid species or a synonym of thepresent one.Distribution.?Reuss recorded the present species from the Creta-ceous of Luschnitz in Bohemia. Our figured specimen was obtainedfrom the lower Gault clay at Barnwell Pit, in Cambridge, England,The other localities of our specimens from the Cretaceous are:Maastricht, Holland; Stemmerberg, Westphalia; Hinter-Fessen nearPirna, Germany; Velasco shale. Hacienda El Limon, west of Panuco,Mexico. GUTTULINA AUSTRIACA d'OrbignyPlate 4, figures 3-5Guttulina austriaca d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienna, 1846, p. 223,pi. 12, figs. 23-25.
?
Teequem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2,1882, p. 133, pi. 13 (21), fig. 36.Polymorphina oblonga d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 232, pi. 12, figs. 29-31.?Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3,vol. 2, 1882, p. 145, pi. 15 (23), fig. 9.?H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Chal-lenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 569, pi. 73, fig. 4 (not figs. 2 and 3).?Chaster, First Rept. Southport Soc. Nat. Sci., 1890-91 (1892), p. 64,pi. 1, fig. 13.?Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 73, pi. 20,figs. 10-12.?CusHMAN, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 88,pi. 37, fig. 6; Idem, Bull. 100, vol. 4, 1921, p. 268, pi. 52, fig. 3.Polymorphina guttata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870,p. 487.?V. ScHLicHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 30, figs. 25-32.Test fusiform to oblong, more or less rounded at the base, ratheracute at the apertural end, often botryoidal, greatest breadth usuallyabove the middle; chambers oval to clavate, slightly embracing,arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeedingchamber removed much farther from the base; sutures depressedand very distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture produced,radiate.
' Verst. norddeutsch. Kreide. 1840-41 .p. 97, pi. 15, fig. 19.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Length 0.60-1.15 mm.; breadth 0.40-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.35-0.50 mm. *Original specimen in Paris, paratypes in Vienna.Guttulina austriaca has been often confused and mistaken by variousauthors. It is generally considered to be identical with Guttulinaprohlema and G. communis. We do not deny its close relationshipto Guttulina problema, because it has the same arrangement of clavatechambers, although in the present species each succeeding chamberis removed from the proloculum, which is always very distinct in ayoung specimen. In the plate are illustrated three phases of thegrowth of Guttulina austriaca from specimens collected from theoriginal locality. The j^oungest is a specimen coinciding in everyrespect with d'Orbigny's Guttulina austriaca, and the largest adultspecimen is nothing but the species described hj d'Orbigny underthe name Pohjmorphina oblonga (not of Roemer nor of Williamson)..Polymorphina guttula Reuss, a name given to the figures (pi. 30,figs. 25-30) of Schlicht, having a botryoidal test, is closely related tothe present species.Distribution.?We have specimens of this species from the followinglocalities
:
Recent.?Italy, Shore sand, Rimini; Pacific, off Watson's Bay,Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia; Kobama, Japan; AlbatrossD5318, 340 fathoms, China Sea, vicinity of Formosa.Pleistocene.?Canada, Glacial clays, McGill College Grounds,Montreal.Pliocene.?Italy, Caste! Arquato; Coroncina, near Siena; Belgium,Crag noir, Antwerp; Japan, Okuwa, Province of Kaga; Natsukawa,Province of Echigo.Aiiocene.?Hungary, Kostej; Lapugy; Varpolata; Austria, Torto-nian, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf; Perchtoldsdorf; Baden, near Vienna.Oligocene.-?Upper Oligocene, Germany, Ahnatal near Cassel..Middle Oligocene, Flonheim, Mainz Basin. Lower Oligocene, Lattdorf
.
Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves); Lutetien moyen,Grignon. Lower Eocene, Belgium, Wansin.GUTTULINA YABEI Cushman and OzawaPlate 4, figures 6, 7Guttulina yabei Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929,p. 68, pi. 13, fig. 2; pi. 14, fig. 6.Polymorphina oblonga H. B. Brady (not d'Orbigny), Rep. Voj'. Challenger,Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, pi. 73, figs. 2, 3.Test elongate fusiform, rounded, greatest breadth above the mid-dle, base rounded; chambers numerous, inflated, one and one-halftimes as long as broad, arranged in a close sigmoid series, each chamberadded with its base at about the middle of the previous chamber
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CTJSHMAN AND OZAWA 31
adjacent to it; sutures very distinct, depressed; wall smooth, polished,thick, translucent; aperture radiate, terminal.Length 1.50 mm.; breadth 0.75 mm.Holotype.? (Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo,Japan.) From the upper Pliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado.This species is evident!}^ the same as that figured by Brady.*Brady's specimens are from the Australian region, and are not thesame as d'Orbigny's Polymorpfdna {Guttulina) oblonga from theMiocene of the Vienna Basin, which is a much smaller species as wellas differing in other characters. Topotypes of d'Orbigny's specieshave been compared with the Japanese specimens.In the Albatross collections, the species occurs at Stations D4807,44 fathoms and D4826, 114 fathoms off Japan.GUTTULINA YABEI Cushman and Ozawa var. OVALE Cushman and OzawaPlate 40, figure 6Guttulina yahei Cushman and Ozawa var. ovale Cushman and Ozawa, Jap.Journ. Geol. and Geog., vol. 6, 1929, p. 68, pi. 13, fig. 3; pi. 14, fig. 7.Variety differing from the typical form in having the sutures lessdepressed, and the chambers less inflated, due to the greater over-lapping of the chambers. The figured specimen measured 2.5 mm.in length, and 1.1 mm. in breadth.The types are from the upper Pliocene of Sawane, Island of Sado,Japan. guttulina SPICAEFORMIS (Roemer)Plate 5, figures 1, 2Polyniorphina spicaeformis Roemer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., 1838, p. 386,pi. 3, fig. 31.Polymorphina austriaca d'Orbigny var. io Cushman and Applin, Bull.Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 174, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7.Guttulina plancii d'Orbigny, Vo}^ Amer. Merid., vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foramini-feres," 1839, p. 60, pi. 1, fig. 5.Polymorphina uviformis Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 7, 1855,p? 289, pi. 11, fig. 5.Test fusiform, initial end rounded, apertural end acute, marginslightly lobulate; chambers clavate, but little embracing, arranged ina contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamberremoved from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length 0.35-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.12-0.25 mm.In general form, Guttulina spicaeformis most resembles Guttulinaaustriaca d'Orbigny from the Vienna Basin in that it has rather short,clavate chambers combined so as to form a typical fusiform test. It
? Challenger Report, vol. 9, 1884, pi. 73, figs. 2, 3.
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77however possesses a contraclockwise quinqueloculine arrangement ofchambers as distinctly shown in the figure given by Roemer.Polymorphina uviformis Reuss may represent a Cretaceous speci-men of the present species, and we have no reason to separate it fromGuttulina spicaeformis.Guttulina plancii d'Orbigny described from the Bay of San-Blas,Patagonia, and Polymorphina austriaca var. io Cushman and AppHnare also placed under the synonymy of the present species.Distribution.?Geologically and geographically Guttulina spicae-formis is widely distributed. We have species from the followinglocalities
:
Recent.?Atlantic, West Indies, Dry Tortugas, 11 and 18 fathoms;San Juan Harbor, P. R., 6 fathoms; coast of Belgium; Gaspe Bay,10-15 fathoms; Australia, Hardwick Bay, east side of Spencer Gulf;New Zealand, off the Big King, 98 fathoms; off the Snares; Oamaru.Miocene.?Australia, Filter Quarry, Batesford, Victoria.Oligocene.?Germany, Diisseldorf; Sollingen; Ceding, Westphaha.Eocene.?United States, Cooper marl, west side of Biggin Creek,Berkeley County, S. C; Ocala limestone, west bank of ChipolaRiver, at Wagon Bridge, east of Marianna, Jackson County, Fla.; eastbank of Sepulga River, north of Brooklyn, Conecuh County, Ala.;road from Perdue Hill to Claiborne, Monroe County, Ala.; Jack-sonian, Jackson, Miss.; bluff on Garlands Creek, 5 miles northeast ofShubuta, Wayne County, Miss.; bluff on Chickasawhay River atHayes Chapel, Wayne County, Miss.; Stovall Creek, east of Diboll,Tex.; three-fourths mile below Robinson's Ferry, Sabine River,Sabine, Tex.; Wilmington, N. C, Claibornian; roadside going downto river, Claiborne, Ala.; Midwayan, Tex. England, Brackleshambeds X, XIII, XVIII, Isle of Wight. Thanetian, Pegwell Bay.France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves), Damery.GUTTULINA SPICAEFORMIS (Roemer), var. AUSTRALIS (d'Orbigny)Plate 5, figures 3 a-cGlobulina australis d'ORBiGNv, Voy. Am^r. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Fora-miniferes," p. 60, pi. 1, figs. 1-4.Polymorphina australis H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1869, p. 239, pi. 41, figs. 27a, b.Polymorphina regina Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129, 1921,p. 94, pi. 18, fig. 4; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. No. 311, 1922,p. 33, pi. 4, figs. 5, 6; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 33.Variety differing from the typical in its ornamentation, consistingof fine, longitudinal costae, generally well developed on the lower halfof the test. There are intermediate specimens in which the markingsbecome obscure.Length 0.45-0.63 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.32 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.25 mm.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMOHPHINIDAE?CUSHMANAND OZAWA 33Distribution.?This variety has occurred in considerable numbersat various stations off the Dry Tortugas, off Florida, and off Cuba.Specimens of very similar character and seemingly identical occurin the Eocene, Bracklesham beds XVII and XVIII, Isle of Wight,England, and in the lower Oligocene, Byram marl of Byram, Miss.GUTTULINA HANTKENI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 5, figures 4-6Polymorphina acuta Hantken, Mitth. Jahrb. K. Ungar. geol. Anstalt, vol. 4,1875 (1881), p. 60, pi. 8, fig. 4 {acuminata on explanation of plate).Test oval, botryoidai, more or less rounded at the base, acute atthe aperture, greatest breadth above the middle; chambers ovate,embracing but little, arranged in a contraclockv/ise, quinqueloculineseries, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the basesutures much depressed, very distinct; wall smooth, thick; apertureacutely produced, radiate.Length 0.60-1.20 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.75 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.60 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11194.) Eocene, Kleinzellen, beiOfen, Hungary.Guttulina hantkeni has a typical botryoidai test consisting of ovatechambers, while other botrj^oidal species such as Guttulina austriacaand Guttulina spicaeformis have invariably more slender tests con-sisting of clavate chambers.The Cretaceous Polymorphina uviiormis Eeuss, which is includedin Guttulina spicaeformis (Koemer) in this paper, seems to represent anintermediate form between Guttulina hantkeni and Guttulina spicae-formis. Both Hantken's names, Polymorphina acuta, and Polymor-phina acuminata, given to the present species, are preoccupied;therefore a new specific name is proposed, named for Doctor Hantken.Distribution.?Guttulina hantkeni seems to be limited in its geologi-cal distribution. Our specimens were obtained from the Eocene for-mations of Neustift, Ofen, Hungary, the type locality of Hantken'sspecimens, also from the middle Eocene of the United States, Clai-bornian, of New Jersey and Louisiana. We also have specimens fromthe upper Senonian of Maastricht, Holland, which are very similar.GUTTULINA PULCHELLA d'OrbignyPlate 5, figures 7 a-cGuttulina pulchella b'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,vol. 6, 1840, p. 129, pi. 2, figs. 4-6.Polymorphina pulchella H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 239, pi. 41, figs. 28 a, 6.?Cushman, Carnegie Instit.Washington, Publ. No. 311, 1922, p. 33, pi. 4, figs. 7, 8; Bull. 104, U. S.Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 157, pi. 40, fig. 6.Test elongate fusiform, greatest breadth slightly below the middle
;
chambers elongate, clavate, scarcely overlapping, arranged in a contra-92709?30 3
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEQM vol.77
clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber fartherremoved from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall thin, orna-mented with fine, regular, longitudinal costae; aperture radiate.Length 0.60-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.23 mm.Guttulina pulchella is one of a few well-defined species among thePolymorphinidae described by d'Orbigny. Its slender, elongatechambers, marked with regular, longitudinal costae, are its charac-teristics and can not be confused with any of the other known species.Distribution.?D'Orbigny recorded the present species from theshore sand of Cuba and Martinique. We have specimens from numer-ous stations off the Dry Tortugas, near Florida, 7-18 fathoms, andfrom Albatross D2420 off the eastern coast of the United States in104 fathoms. GUTTUUNA REGINA (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones)Plate 6, figures 1, 2Polymorphina regina H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 241, pi. 41, figs. 32 a, b.?H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy.Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 571, pi. 73, figs. 11-13.
?
Egger,Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss., Mlinchen, CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 310,pi. 9, figs. 45, 50, 51.
?
Chapman, Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2,vol. 10, 1907, p. 132, pi. 10, fig. 4.?CusHMAN, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat.Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 91, pi. 41, figs. 6, 7; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey,1918, p. 54, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4- Prof. Paper 129-E, 1922, p. 94, pi. 18,fig. 4; Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p. 131, pi. 30, fig. 8.Test broadly fusiform, obtuse and rounded at the initial end, acuteat the apertural end; chambers inflated, oval, but little embracing,arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber rapidlyenlarged, removed slightly from the base; sutures much depressed,distinct; wall marked by equidistant, longitudinal costae; apertureradiate.Length 0.63-0.80 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.42; thickness 0.25-0.35 mm.This is a well-defined species described by H. B. Brady, Parker, andJones, and there is but little danger of confusing it with any otherspecies of the genus.The surface markings are very regular and distinct, although in somespecimens they are much finer.Distribution.?The original authors reported it from soundings fromStorm Bay, Tasmania. It is common off the eastern coast of Aus-tralia. We have specimens from Albatross D5152, 34 fathoms, SuluArchipelago; D5311, 88 fathoms, China Sea, off southern Luzon,P. I.; shore sand, Torquay, on Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia; shoresand, Newcastle Bay, New South Wales; Van Dieman's Inlet, Gulfof Carpenteria, Queensland, 10 fathoms; and Wool Bay, YorkesPeninsula, west side of St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia.
ART 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 35GtJTTUUNA REGINA (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones) var. CRASSICOSTATA Cushman andOzawa, new varietyPlate 11, figures 5 a-cVariety differing from the typical in the very broad, coarse costaeand in the shape of the test, which instead of having the greatestbreadth decidedly below the middle has a more regularly fusiformtest; the chambers not as inflated as in the typical form.Holotype of variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11891.) From the lowerPliocene, Beaumaris, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.This variety is very distinct from the typical form. The costae areextremely thick and heavy, even moie so than shown in the figure.GUTTULINA COSTATULA Galloway and WisslerPlate 6, figures 3 a, bPolymorphina {Guttulina) costatula Galloway and Wissler, Joura.Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 57, pi. 9, figs. 10 a, h.Test short, somewhat fusiform, acute at both ends; chambersinflated, rounded, not much embracing, arranged in a contraclock-wise, quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed muchfarther from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamentedwith numerous distinct, rounded costae, of which there are five morestrongly developed at the base, radiating from the acute initial endindependent of the sutures and taldng positions in accord with thequinqueloculine arrangement of the early chambers; aperture pro-duced, radiate.Length 0.40-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.27-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.24mm.Guttulina costatula is very close in its general outline and ornamen-tation to Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones), but ithas generally much smaller dimensions, and its five strong costaeradiating from the initial end is an important character developed inonly one other known species of Guttulina. It is an ornamentedspecies close to a rather common species found in the same locality(Guttulina guinguecosta Cushman and Ozawa), which has a smoothwall excepting for the five strong costae developed at the basal region.It grows much larger than the present species.Distribution.?The types were described from the Pleistocene, lowerbed, of the Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, 2 miles south ofLomita, Calif. We have specimens from the type locality, and alsospecimens that seem to be identical from the Miocene of FilterQuarry, Victoria, Australia.
6K) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77GUTTULINA CAUDATA d'OrbignyPlate 6, figures 4, 5
'GuUulina caudata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 286, No. 16.
?
FoRNASiNi, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 137, fig. 2 (in text).Test unequally compressed, front view nearly an isosceles triangle,mth broadly rounded base, the initial end with a spine; chamberselongate, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine series, each suc-ceeding chamber nearly reaching to the base; sutures but little de-pressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.32-0.48 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.08-0.15mm.This is one of the species listed by d'Orbigny in 1826 and figuredmuch later by Fornasini. Its regular triangular outline with thespine at the initial end are important features which will distinguishGuUulina caudata. The quinqueloculine arrangement of the chambersof the species is very regular.Distribution.?D'Orbigny listed it from the Adriatic Sea and asfossil from France and Caste! Arquato. We have fossU specimensfrom France from the Eocene, Lutetien of Parnes (Les Boves),Va.udancourt, and Beauves.GUTTDLINA ADHAERENS (Olszewski)Plate 1, figures 9 a-c; Plate 6, figures 7 a, bFolyviofphina adhaerens Olszewski, Sprawodz. Kom. Fizyj. Akad. Umiej.Krakovae, vol. 9, lS7o, p. 119, pi. 1, fig. 11.Test ovate, broadest below the middle, rounded at the base, acutetoward the apertural end; chambers clavate, arranged in an almostquinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber slightly removedfrom the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length 0.50-1.10 mm. ; breadth 0.35-0.80 mm. ; thickness 0.22-0.50mm.The quinqueloculine arrangement of the chambers of the presentspecies na,s a tendency to become triserial. Accordingly a side view-often shows only three chambers of which the middle one seems to bemuch inflated and produced between the others. This appearanceis verjr characteristic of the species.Distribution.?Rather common in various Cretaceous deposits inEm-ope, especially in the Chalkmarl and the Gault of England. Wehave it also from the Cretaceous of Maastricht, Holland.
ART. 6 FOUAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 61GUTTUUNA ADHAERENS (Olszewski) var. CUSFIDATA Cnishman and Ozawa, nev/ ^'arietyPlate 6, figure 6PolymorpMna species, Btjrkows, Sherbokn, and Bailey, Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1890, p. 561, pi. 11, fig. 15.Variety differing from the typical in the development of a distinctbasal spine.Length including spine 0.50-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.46 mm.;thickness 0.18-0.30 mm.Holotype of variety.?(Cushman Coil. No. 11209.) From the Cre-taceous, chalk marl of Folkestone, England.This variety is abundant in our collections from the chalk marland Cambridge Greensand of the Saxon Cement Works, at Cambridge,England. Burrows, Sherborn, and Bailey's specimen was from theRed Chalk in England. We also have it from the lower Cenomanian,Tecklenburg Wald, Westphalia, Germany,GUTTULINA PRAELONGA (Egger)Plate 6, figures 8 a~cPolymorphina praelonga Egger, Neues Jahrb. fur Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 287,pi. 13, figs. 25-27.
?
Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 39, pi. 3 (8), figs. 20-21&.?Jones and Chapman, Journ. Liun.Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 511, fig. 20 (in text).?Bagg, MarylandGeol. Surv. (Eocene), 1901, p. 249, pi. 63, fig. 14.Polymorphina (Globulina) angusta Egger, Neues Jahrb. ftir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 290, pi. 13, figs. 13-15.?Andrhae, Abhandl. Geol. Special-Karte Eisass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, p. 210, pi. 9, fig. 17,?Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, JDI. II, vol. 18,1893, p. 308, pi. 9, figs. 5-7.Guttulina austriaca d'Orbigny var. angusta Terquem, Essai Class. Anim.Dunkerque, 1881, p. 130, pi. 17, fig. 5a, h.Polymorphina dispar Terquem, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1881, p, 130,pi. 17, fig. 4a, b.Test elongate, more or less cylindrical, broadest below the middle,tapering toward the aperture, rounded at the initial end; chamberselongate, clavate, arranged in a quinqueloculine series, not much em-bracing; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth; apertural end oftenwith fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.Length 0.45-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.22-0.38 mm.; thickness 0.10-0.16mm.We have examined a paratype specimen of Egger's Polymor'phinapraelonga and are convinced that it is identical with Polymor'phinaangusta described by him in the same paper. Egger's Polymorphinapraelonga is a full-grown specimen having one or two more chambersthan Polymorphina angusta. The figures of Polymorphina praelongaEgger show the chambers arranged in a biserial series, but they areundoubtedly not well drawn.Terquem figured and described Polymorphina praelonga in 1878,which is the same as Polymorphina angusta Egger.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Terquem's GuUulina austriaca var. angusta and Polymorphina disparare also placed in the synonymy of the present species. The formerhas a slightly shorter test.The latter appears to have one or two more chambers than theusual specimens of Polymorphina praelonga.Polymorphina cylindrica Prochazka having a cylindrical testconsisting of rather short chambers, is not much different from Poly-morphina angusta or Polymorphina austriaca var. angusta Terquem.Distribution.?Egger's types are from the Miocene. We have aparatype of Egger's from Ortenburg. The species occurs also inthe Miocene of France at Dax and Le Coquillat, Leognan, France,as well as in the upper Oligocene (Stampien ) of Jeurs, France. Allthese localities have a fauna very closely related to that describedby Egger. Somewhat similar specimens occur in widely differentlocalities such as the upper end of Buzzards Bay, Mass., Kobama,Japan; Wool Bay, Yorkes Peninsula, west side of St. Vincent Gulf,Australia. Somewhat similar specimens occur in the Pliocene ofFiji and in the Eocene of the Isle of Wight, England, Grignon andParnes (Les Boves), France, and in the Jackson of the United States.It is probable that these do not all represent a single species, but thespecimens have a very similar arrangement and shape of the chambers.Some are clockwise and others contraclockwise in their arrangement,but the distinction does not seem to be constant.GUTTULINA GUTTIFORMIS (Terquem)Plate 6, figures 9 a-cPolymorphina guttiformis Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 42, pi. 9 (14), fig. 24 a, b.Test slender, in front view an isosceles triangle, broadest at theba,se, tapering toward the apertural end; chambers cylindrical,arranged in a quinqueloculine series, but little embracing, all extendingback nearly to the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length 0.65-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.16-0.24mm.This is one of the well marked species of Guttulina. Its test iselongated, but it is quite different from other elongate Guttulinascharacterized by a botryoidal test, in having the chambers all extend-ing down to the base. The nearest ally of the present species isGuttulina praelonga in which the chambers are much more inflated.Distribution.?We have specimens from the following localities:Miocene.?Burdigalien, France, St. Paul de Dax; Moulin deI'Eglise, Saucats.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hildesheimer Wald,Dickholzen, Hanover.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEKA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 39GUTTULINA JARVISI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 7, figures 4, 5Test ovate, greatest breadth near the middle, broadly roundedat the base, more or less acute at the apertural end; chambers inflated,twice as long as wide, not much embracing, arranged in a clockwise,quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed regularlyfrom the base giving a rounded appearance at the base; sutures de-pressed, distinct; wall smooth, thick; aperture radiate.Length 0.90-1.80 mm.; breadth 0.80-1.50 mm.; thickness 0.50-1.00 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11226.) From Tertiary, lower marl,Cipero section, Trinidad.The present species is generally very large, attaining to nearly 2millimeters in length. In its general appearance, it has an intermediatecharacter between Guttulina problema and Guttulina hantkeni. Fromthe former it differs in its rather broad base and much obliquely addedchambers, and from the latter in its more or less elongate chambers,of which each succeeding one is not much removed from the base.Distribution.?Several specimens were found in the Tertiarymaterial from Trinidad, collected by P. W. Jarvis. They are fromthe Eocene of the Cipero section and also from the "Uvigerina bed"and the ''upper marl" of the same part of the island. We have asingle specimen from Albatross D5318 off the Philippines which isvery close to this species from Trinidad.GUTTULINA LEHNERI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 8, figures 1, 2Test ovate to clavate, broadest in the lower half, broadly roundedat the base, tapering to the apertural end; chambers elongated,embracing, arranged in a regular, quinqueloculine series; sutures notdepressed, not very distinct; wall smooth, thick, often with fistulosetubes at the apertural portion; aperture radiate.Length 0.65-1.35 mm.; breadth 0.38-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.36 mm.Holotype.? (Cushman Coll. No. 10436.) From Tertiary, lower marl,south end of Hospital Hill, San Fernando, British West Indies.Guttulina lehneri resembles Guttulina problema in general character,but it has elongated but not inflated chambers and nondepressedsutures, therefore its surface is quite even, and at a glance it canbe easily separated from other Guttulinas. It is approaching Glo-bulina, but the chambers are arranged in a regular quinqueloculineseries.Distribution.?Rather common in the Tertiary of Trinidad. Itoccurs in the "lower marl" of the Cipero section and also in the
"Sagrina beds" of Oropouche Lagoon, Trinidad.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77GUTTULINA YAMAZAKH Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 8, figures 3, 4Test elongate, the base broadly rounded, uniformly tapering towardthe apertural end; chambers elongated, especially in the later ones,arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber slightlyremoved from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.Length 0.80-1.35 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.45 mm.Holotype.? (C&t. No. 20950, U. S. N. M.) From Albatross D4807, in44 fathoms off Cape Tsiuka, Japan.The elongated test composed of elongated chambers is very char-acteristic of the present species. The specific name is dedicated toProf. N. Yamazaki, Geographical Institute, Imperial Universitj^ ofTokyo.Distribution.?-The species occurs living off Japan, and is fossil inthe upper Pliocene.Recent.?Albatross D4807, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan, 44 fathoms.Tuscarora 11, in 437 fathoms.Pliocene.?Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan.GUTTULINA KISHINOUYI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 8, figures 5, 6Test elongated, the greatest breadth in the lower half, broadh*rounded at the base but pointed at the initial end, gradually taperingtoward the aperture; chambers much elongated, roundly triangularin cross section, embracing, arranged in a clockwise quinqueloculineseries, each succeeding chamber but little removed from the base;sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth, polished; apertureradiate.Length 0.52-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.25mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11234.) From the upper Pliocene,Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. (Paratypes, GeologicalInstitute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.)The present species resembles Guttulina yamazakii found in the sameregion in its elongated test composed of long chambers. However,it has more slender chambers which are invariably but little removedfrom the base, and the chambers are embracing and much morestrongly involute than those of G. yamazakii. The species is namedfor the late Professor Kishinouyi, of Japan, whom we both claimed asa friend.Distribution.?Recent specimens are from Albatross dredgings,China Sea, off Formosa, D5315, in 148 fathoms, and D5585 SibukoBay, Borneo in 476 fathoms. It also occurred at Tuscarora 11, lat.33? 46' N., long. 140? 21' E. in 437 fathoms.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 41GUTTULINA BAILEYI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 9, figures 1, 2Test large, ovate, broadly rounded at the base; chambers elongated,especially the later ones, numerous, not much embracing, arrangedin a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed fartherfrom the base in the early stage, but little in the later stage; suturesdepressed, but not very distinct; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length 1.15-1.55 mm.; breadth 0.70-0.80 mm.; thickness 0.50-0.60 mm.Holotype.? (Cat. No. 20951, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D2416, lat.31? 26' N., long. 79? 07' W., in 276 fathoms off the southeasterncoast of the United States.The present species is one of the largest among our collection of Poly-morphinidae. Its early stage is just the same as GuUulina problema,but it has more numerous chambers, and the later chambers are muchelongated and often added in a spiral series. It may be interestingto compare the present species with Sigmomorpha crassa, which is verylarge and in its early stage resembles GuUulina problema, but later thechambers are more or less shortened and added in a sigmoid seriesinstead of a quinqueloculine series as in the present species. It isnamed for Prof. J. W. Bailey, one of the early American workers onthe foraminifera.Distribution.?Besides the type locality, we have material verysimilar from Albatross D5151, 24 fathoms, Tawi Tawi Group,Philippines. GUTTULINA ROEMERI (Eeuss)Plate 9, figures 3 a-cGlohulina roemeri Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),p. 245, pi. 6, fig. 63.Guttulina deformata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),p. 245, pi. 6, fig. 64.Polymorphina uvula Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg. 1857, p. 285,pi. 10, figs. 26-29.Guttulina dubia Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, vol. 29,No. 3, 1911, p. 19, pi., figs. 4 a-d.Polymorphina deflexa Grzybowski, Mikrofauna Karpackiego piaskowkaZ. Pod. Dukli Krakowie, 1894, p. 16, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2.Polymorphina sororia Chapman, Bull. Geol. Surv., W. Australia, No. 72,1917, p. 34, pi. 10, fig. 92.Test ovoid to oblong, almost roundly triangular in the end view, thegreatest breadth above the middle, rounded at the base; chambersinflated, oval, embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series; suturesslightly depressed, distinct; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.70-1.80 mm.; breadth 0.50-1.00 mm.; thickness 0.38-0.75mm. ' .
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77In its general aspect excepting for the depressed sutures, Guttulinaroemeri bears much resemblance to Globulina rotundata. It is notdifficult to separate them if one examines closely their earlier stages.By taking off one chamber from such specimens as Globulina obtusaor G. globosa figured by Bornemann, they are very close to Globulinagibba. On the other hand, Guttulina roemeri is undoubtedly derivedfrom such a form as Guttulina problema by losing the quinqueloculinearrangement of chambers and the chambers becoming more inflatedand embracing. The sutures, therefore, are always more or lessdepressed.Globulina roemeri figured by Reuss appears to us not to represent thetypical form of the species. Although its sutures are depressed, itresembles Globulina rotundata in its general aspect.Guttulina dejormata described by Reuss in the same paper as theabove species, with its test almost triangular in the end view is closeto Grzybowski's Polymorphina deflexa from the Miocene of Europe.Such a form as the latter is of the most common occurrence invarious deposits. In the synonymy of the present species, Egger'sPolymorphina uvula may be placed with some doubts. Egger'sspecimens are apparently very variable, but they have invariablytriangular sections and the chambers are separated by the depressedsutures and arranged in a nearly triserial series. Awerinzew's Poly-morphina dubia is close to the present species, the dift'erence beingmainly in the one extra chamber, and is undoubtedly to be placed inthe synonymy of the present species.Distribution.?Specimens referred to this species are in our collec-tion from the following localities
:
Recent.?Off Tripoli.Pliocene.?Crag of Sutton, England.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz,Nussdorf, Vienna. France, Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leog-nan. United States, Choctawhatchee marl. Red Bay, Fla.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Doberg, near Biinde.Mexico, near Cuesta Blanca, Zacamixtle, Vera Cruz.GUTTULINA ROEMERI (Reuss) var. GIGAS (Karrer)Plate 9, figures 4 a-cPolymorphina gigas Kakrer, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsanst, vol. 9, 1877,p. 384, pi. 16 b, fig. 44.Variety differing from the typical by the more compressed andcompact test and less depressed sutures with the apertural end moretapering.Length 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.38 mm.; thickness 0.35 mm.Ozawa examined the original specimen in the Museum of NaturalHistory, Vienna, and found that the species is very close to Guttulina
AET, 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 43
roemeri in its general aspects. We have three specimens from theoriginal locality: Tortonian, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, Vienna Basin,Austria. GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob)Plate 10, figures 1-4Serpula tenuis ovalis laevis Walker and Jacob, Test. Min., 1784, p. 2, pi. 1,fig. 5.Serpula lactea Walker and Jacob (fide Kanmacher) , Adams Essays, ed. 2,1798, p. 634, pi. 14, fig. 4.Polymorphina lactea Williamson, Recent Foram. Gt. Britain, 1858, p. 70,pi. 6, figs. 145-152.?H. B. Brady, Proc. Somerset Arch. Nat. Hist.See, vol.13, 1865-66 (1867), p. 114, pi. 3, fig. 49.?H. B. Brady, Parker,and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 213, pi. 39, figs. 1 c, 6(not 1 c).
?
Terquem, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1875, p. 37, pi. 5,fig. 12; 1876, p. 79, pi. 10, figs. 19, 20.?Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull.513, 1912, p. 71, pi. 21, fig. 12 (not fig. 16 a, &).?Ctjshman, Bull. 104,U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 146, pi. 39, fig. 9 (not fig. 11).Guttulina lactea Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p.36, pi. 6, figs. 6-10.Guttulina deplanata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856), p.246, pi. 6, fig. 67.Test ovate, rounded triangular in section, tapering but little,rounded at the base; chambers elongate, somewhat compressed,arranged in a contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, often tendingto become a sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber very slightlyremoved from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth,translucent; aperture radiate.Length 0.60-0.85 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.28mm.This is the earliest figured species belonging to the family of thePolymorphinidae, obtained in the sand of the seashore near Sandwich,England. Although the figures are small and can be hardly con-sidered as well drawn, and moreover, the description being verysimple, yet they are sufficient to show that the figured specimen has arather compressed test, the chambers of which are arranged in acontraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, and in these respects it hasthe same characters as one of the forms figured by Williamson in theForaminifera of Great Britain, 1858.^ Williamson's other twofigures identified as Polymorphina lactea are different from Figure 147in their acute initial end and biserial arrangement of later chambers.They are similar to Polymorphina subcompressa d'Orbigny {=" Poly-morphina compressa d'Orbigny). Such a biserial Polymorphina isalso described by Fleming under the name of Vermiculum lacteum asearly as 1822. Williamson's figme is well drawn and was taken byBrady, Parker, and Jones as a typical specimen representing Poly-
8 PI. 6, flg. 147.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
nioryhina ladea in their monograph of the Genus Polymorphina.The,y apparently fixed the species very well, but they placed manydifferent species in the synonymy of Polymorphina lactea, which ledlater authors into confusion, and since the publication of their paperthe name Polymorphina lactea has been used very often, and accord-ingly the species has been mistaken. Probably no other species inForaminifera has been more misunderstood than the present one.\We have examined shallow sea foraminiferal material obtained fromoff England, Ireland, and Iceland and isolated many specimenswhich can be identified with Polymorphina lactea, which are tolerablydefinite in their essential characters?ventricose test with depressedsutures, the elongate chambers arranged in a contraclockwise, quin-queloculine series?but often the test tends to become compressed bylosing the quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers, that is, thelater chambers have a tendency to be arranged in a sigmoid series.GvMulina deplanata, described by Reuss in 1856 from the upperOligocene of Cassel, Germany, is a compressed variety of the presentspecies. It is rather common in the sand of Cassel, and we havemany specimens from Cassel which show the same range of variationas does Guttulina lactea in a series of Recent specimens.Distribution.?This is one of the most common species found in theshallow sea off England, Iceland, and Ireland. In the fossil state itis not as common as in the Recent. We have the species from thefollowing localities
:
Recent.?Ten miles off Glencoe, southwest Ireland, 53 fathoms;N.ymph Bank, south of Cork Harbor, Ireland, 52,^ fathoms; offBantry Bay, southwest Ireland, 100 fathoms; coast of Belgium;Coast of Iceland; Labrador; bathing beach, Newport, R. I.; DryTortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms; Montego Bay, Jamaica; Albatross D2112,Caribbean, 15^ fathoms; D2614, east coast United States, 16 fathoms;D4856, coast of Japan, 898 fathoms; D5311, Philippines.Pliocene,?Japan, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo. Italy, CastelArquato.Miocene.?France, Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise,Saiicats; Le Coquillat, Leognan.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hildesheimer Wald,Dickholzen, Hanover.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves) ; Lutetien moyen,Grignon.
AE,T. 6 FOUAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND 02AWA 45GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob) var. EARLANDI Cushman and Ozawa, nev? varietyPlate 10, figure 5Polymorphina concava Jones (not Williamson), Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896,p. 264, pi. 5, fig. 22.
?
Hekon-Allen and Eakland, Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1909, p. 431, pi. 17, fig. 6.Polymorphina lactea var. concava Sidebottom, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit.Philos. Soc, vol. 51, No. 9, 1907, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 8, 9.Variety differing from the typical in the attached character, itholds to the short form seen in the early stages of G. lactea.Distribution.?From the records the variety has been found Recentin the Mediterranean, in the Pliocene (Crag) of Sutton, England,and at Selsey, England.GUTTULINA SCHAFFERI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 11, figures 1 a-cTest oval, but little compressed; chambers more or less longer thanwide, arranged in a nearly quinqueloculine series, each succeedingchamber removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, notvery distinct; wall ornamented by rather strong, uniformly distrib-uted spines; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.65 mm.; breadth 0.42 mm.; thickness 0.25mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11259.) From the Miocene, Tor-tonian, Amphistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna,Austria. (Paratypes, Geological Institute, Imperial University ofTokyo, Japan.)The shape of the test and the arrangement of chambers of thepresent species are very similar to Guttulina defonnata, but tliechambers are more slender and the surface is uniformly ornamentedby blunt spines. The specific name is given for Prof. F. X. Schaffer,Director of the Geological and Paleontological Department of theMuseum of Natural History in Vienna.Distribution.?Specimens were collected from the Amphisteginamarl at Grunes Kreuz in the Vienna Basin.GUTTULINA WOODSI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 11, figures 2 a-cTest fusiform, greatest breadth slightly above the middle; cham-bers rather inflated, not much longer than broad, embracing, arrangedin a nearly quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber fartherremoved from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wallrather thin, smooth; aperture produced, radiate.Length 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.15 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11260.) From the Cretaceous,lower Gault, of Barnwell Pit, Cambridge, England.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Guttulina woodsi resembles the Cretaceous Guttulina elliptica,described from Bohemia by Keuss, in its general outline, but Reuss'sspecies is more or less compressed and the chambers are shorter. Wehave some doubts about the arrangement of chambers of Reuss'sspecies.The specific name is given for Doctor Woods of the SedgwickMuseum of Cambridge, England.GUTTULINA QUINQUECOSTA Cushman and OzawaPlate 11, figures 3 a~cGuttulina quinquecosta Cushman and Ozawa, MS. in Cushman and Valen-tine, Contrib. Dept. Geol., Stanford Univ., vol. 1, 1930, p. 19, pi. 5,figs. 6a-c.Test oblong, greatest breadth above the middle, regularly taperingtoward the base which ends in a spine; chambers inflated, slightlylonger than broad, not much embracing, arranged in a quinquelocu-line series, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base;sutures depressed, generally distinct, especially those of the laterchambers; wall thick, smooth, ornamented at its basal portion withfive more or less strong costae starting from the caudal spine radiatingin five directions in accordance with the quinqueloculine arrangementof chambers; aperture slightly produced, radiate.Length 0.40-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.50 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.40mm.Holotype.?{Cushm?in Coll. No. 11930.) From off the ChannelIslands, Calif.In its general outline it is similar to Guttulina yabei, but it is smallerand invariably ornamented by five costae at its basal portion, as inthe case of Guttulina costatula, which is an entirely ornamented andmuch smaller species.Distribution.?It seems to be limited to the California coast, whereit occurs in the Pliocene and Pleistocene and also as a Recent species.GUTTULINA PAALZOWI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 11, figures 4 a, 6Test elongate fusiform, obtuse at the initial end, acute at theapertural end; chambers elongated but little inflated, much embrac-ing, pjranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamberfarther removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, oftenobscure; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length 1.40-1.70 mm.; breadth 0.50-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.40-0.45mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11265.) From the Upper Creta-ceoi^s of Maastricht, Holland.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 47The present species is one of the most elongated and slender formsof Guttulina, and is comparable in its general outline to Pyrulina, butits chambers are arranged in a nearly quinqueloculine series. It maybe considered to be an elongated, specialized form of the CretaceousGuttulina woodsi.The species is named for Mr. Richard Paalzow, from whom theCretaceous material of Maastricht was obtained.Distribution.?It is only known from the Upper Cretaceous mate-rial from Maastricht where it is rather common.GUTTULINA EMERSONI (Bagg)Plate 11, figure 6PolymorpMna emersoni Bagg, Bull. 88, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1898, p. 60, pi. 6,fig. 3.
?
Weller, Geol. Survey New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907,p. 249, pi. 3, fig. 19.We have no specimens comparable with the present species. Bagg'sfigure is not enough to give any definite idea of the species, and wecan not with certainty determine to what genus it belongs. It isprobably a Guttulina. If it is, it may be a young specimen having twochambers or possibly three. Bagg's description runs as follows:
"Test elongate oval, oral end acute, posterior obtusely rounded;surface of test covered completely by fine longitudinal costae; cham-bers two, elongated, oblique, separated by nearly straight septaslightly marked near the posterior end, depressed at the peripheralmargin; aperture rotund."The type locality is from the Cretaceous, Monmouth formation,Freehold, N. J., recorded as very rare.GUTTULINA DAWSONI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 12, figures 1, 2Test elongated, the greatest breadth in the upper half, uniformlytapering to the base; chambers elongated, more than three times aslong as wide, not much embracing, arranged in a contraclockwise,quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber much farther re-moved from the base; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall ratherthin, smooth; aperture radiate.Normal forms, length 0.90-1.00 mm.; breadth 0.33-0.38 mm.;thickness 0.30-0.35 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11267.) From Gaspe Bay,Province of Quebec, Canada.We also have specimens from Hudson Bay, bay on east coast, southof Black Whale Harbor.The present elongated species is somewhat similar to Guttulinapaalzowi from the Upper Cretaceous of Maastricht in the general
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
appearance, but its chambers are arranged in a contraclockwise seriesinstead of a clockwise series, as in G. paalzovn. Moreover, its test hasthe greatest breadth in the upper half, while G. yaalzowi is elongatedfusiform..The species is named for G. M. Dawson, one of the early workerson American foraminifera.GUTTULINA COSTULATA (Cushman)Plate 12, figures 3 a, 6Folymorphina cuspidata H. B. Brady var. costulata Cushman, U. S. Geol.Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p. 133, pi. 31, fig. 1; Prof. Paper 133,1923, p. 32.Test elongate, fusiform., a strong spine at the base; chambers elon-gated, inflated, not much embracing, arranged in a quinqueloculineseries, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base;sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented by strong, continuous,bladelike costae rather widely separated from each other; apertureradiate.Length of holotype 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.The present species is one of the most clearly marked species ofGuttulina. In its general outline, it resembles Guttulina pulchellad'Orbigny from which it is easily distinguished by its strong bladelikecostae entirely covering the test and a large spine at the base.Distribution.?Cushman reported it from the lower Oligocene, MintSpring marl. Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. Specimens whichseem identical occur in the lower Pliocene of Beaumaris, near Mel-bourne, Victoria, Australia.As it occurs slightly earlier in the fossil series, this may be theancestral form of Pseudopolymorphina rutila, which in its earlier stagesis Guttulina-like, but later becomes definitely a Pseudopolymorphina.This is another of the interesting species connecting the lower Oligo-cene of the United States with the late Tertiary and Recent faunasof the Australian region.GUTTULINA SEMICOSTATA (Marsson)Plate 15, figures 8 a-cFolymorphina semicostata Marsson, Mitth. Nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern. u.Riigen, Jahrg. 10, 1878, p. 150, pi. 2, figs. 19 a-c?Franke, Abhandl.geol. pal. Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 78, pi. 6, fig. 21.Folymorphina var. Wright, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, Appendix,1885-86, p. 331, pi. 27, figs. 13, 14.?Jones and Chapman, Journ.Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 509, fig. 3 (in text).Test globular, broadest above the middle, more or less obtuse at theinitial end; chambers rounded, much inflated, but little embracing,arranged in a quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHP,/[AN AND 02AWA 49removed farther from the base; sutm^es much depressed, distinct^wall partly ornamented by longitudinal costae independent of thesutures; aperture radiate.Polymorphina semicostata vfas first described by Marsson from theuppermost Cretaceous of Riigen. His figures are apparently welldrawn, but seem to us not to give fully the details of the species,especially as the arrangement of chambers is not drawn in sufficientdetail. Franke quite recently figured Marsson's specimen. Hisfigure shows a nearly quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers char-acteristic of Gtittulina. Wright figures similar specimens from theCretaceous of Keady Hill, County Derry, Ireland. We have somematerial from the Cretaceous of Rtigen, but could not find any speci-men like the present one, and accordingly Marsson's figures are repro-duced in the present paper.Distribution.?Only known from the Upper Cretaceous (upperSenonian) of Riigen; very rare.GUTTULINA SADOENSIS (Cushman and Ozawa)Plate 37, figures 1, 2Sigmomorpha sadoensis Cushman and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 11; Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,1929, p. 73, pi. 13, figs. 9-11; pi. 16, figs. 2-4.Test more or less rhomboid, greatest breadth usually below themiddle, generallj^ triangular in end view; chambers numerous, elon-gate, two to three times as long as broad, varying considerably in theamount of overlapping, some of the specimens with the chambersalmost extending down to the base, others with the chambers con-siderably above the base and the last-formed chamber in the adultoften not reaching back more than halfway to the base of the test;chambers arranged in a quinqueloculine series, often becoming sig-moi^al; sutures depressed, distinct; wall thick but translucent,smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.83 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.; thickness 0.36mm.The present species has rather slender, clavate chambers arrangedin a quinqueloculine series, which in later stages often tends tobecome sigmoidal. We took the present species as the genotype ofSigmomorpha, but we think it better to include it in Guttulina. Itis an intermediate form between Guttulina and Sigmomorphina.Distribution.?It is only known from the Pliocene of Japan, atSaM'ane, Island of Sado in the Sea of Japan, where it is very abundant.92709?30 4
50 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) PACIFICA (Cushman and Ozawa)Plate 37, figures 3-5Sigmoidella (Sigmoidina) pacifica Cushman and Ozawa, Contr. CushmanLab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 13; Jap. Journ. Geol.Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 77, pi. 16, figs. 12, 13.Polymorphina elegantissima Chapman (not H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones),New Zealand Geol. Surv., Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 10.Test ovate, the greatest breadth below the middle, acuminatetoward the aperture; chambers elongated, more or less inflated,arranged in either clockwise or contraclockwise, quinqueloculineseries, earlier chambers invisible from the exterior, each succeedingchamber involves the earlier one; suture depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.Measwements of the holotype specimen as follows: Length 0.76mm.; breadth 0.53 mm.; thickness 0.31 mm.Holotype.? {Cat. No. 20313, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D5318,China Sea near Formosa, 340 fathoms.Distribution.?We also have specimens from the following:Recent.?Albatross D5315, China Sea near Formosa, 148 fathoms;from off Kobama, Sea of Japan; from off Terao Miura, Japan; offPoor Knight's Islands, New Zealand, 60 fathoms; off the Snares,New Zealand.Miocene.?Chuthulin, Batesford, Victoria, Australia.GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) SEGUENZANA (H. B. Brady)Plate 37, figures 8, 9Polymorphina seguenzana H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,vol. 9, 1884, p. 567, pi. 72, figs. 16, 17.Test elongate, fusiform, compressed on three sides; broadest some-what below the center, tapering gradually toward the apertural endand somewhat more rapidly toward the opposite extremity, whichfinishes in a sharp point; segments few in number, only three visibleexternally, long, narrow, erect; surface sm^ooth, sutures marked byfine lines without external depressions.Length 1.6 mm.The trifacial compression of the test, its acuminate initial end, andthe erect position of the segments are sufficient to distinguish thespecies from its near allies.This is an unusual species among the Polymorphinidae. Itappears to have a triserial arrangem_ent of chambers like Triloculina,but both ends are acute. The above description is from Brady.Distribution.?Very rare off the Ki Islands, southwest of NewGuinea, 129 fathoms; Port Jackson, New South Wales, 2-10 fathoms.
ART. 6 FOEAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 51GUTTULINA (SIGMOIDINA) SILVESTEII Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 37, figures 6, 7Test almost circular in outline, much inflated in the central part,periphery more or less angular; chambers elongated, arranged ineither clockwise or contraclockwise, quinqueloculine series, involute,extra chamber short, inflated, not extending down to the base;sutures very little depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thick;aperture radiate.Length 0.60-1.25 mm.; breadth 0.60-1.05 mm.; thickness 0.40-0.65 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 9863.) From the Miocene (Jan-jukian). Filter quarry, Batesford, near Victoria, Australia.It differs from Sigmoidina pacifica in its circular test, more angulateperipheries and very slightly depressed sutures. It may be speciallynoted here that when the present species has an extra chamber thechamber is added in the same series as the arrangement of the earlierones, although it is much shorter and does not extend down to thebase. (See pi. 37, fig. 7a.) From this fact it is easily understoodthat the species is not a young stage of Sigmoidella elegantissima.Guttulina disciformis , reported by Terquem from the Pliocene ofthe Isle of Rhodes, is very similar to the present species and mayrepresent either a young stage or the megalospheric form of the species,but it has a rounded periphery, and it may be possible that the speci-men is the young of some other species, such as Sigmoidella elegan-tissima, which we found in the Miocene of Pontlevoy, France. There-fore we do not like to place these specimens under such an ambiguousspecies as G. disciformis.The species is named for Prof. A. Silvestri of Milan.Distribution.?Recent from Australia, New Zealand and the Philip-pines; fossil in the Miocene of Australia. We have specimens fromthe following localities
:
Recent.?Australia, Wool Bay, Yorkes Peninsula, west side of St.Vincent Gulf, South Australia; Hardwick Bay, east side of SpencerGulf; New Zealand, Oamaru, 50 fathoms; off the Big King, 98 fathoms.Miocene.?Australia, Janjukian, Filter quarries, Batesford, Victoria.Genus PYRULINA d'Orbigny, 1826PYRULINA GUTTA d'OrbignyPlate 13, figures 1 a-cPyrulina gutta d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 28,model 30.
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Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929,p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 4, 5.Polymorphina gutta H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones (not d'Orbigny),Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 218, pi. 39, figs. 3a, &.?Sherbornand Chapman, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, ser. 2, vol. 6, 1886, p. 755, pi.16, fig. 6[?].
OZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 7rPolymorphina clavata Roemer, Neues Jahrb.f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 386, pi. 3,fig. 38.Polymorphina amygdaloides Cushman (not Reuss), U. S. Geol. SurveyProf. Paper 133, 1923, p. 32, pi. 4, fig. 9.Test clavate, rounded at the base, tapering toward the aperturalend, margin entire; chambers rounded, embracing, arranged at firstin an almost triserial series, later tending to become biserial; suturesnot depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate, pointed.Length 0.50-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.18-0.25 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.25 mm.The original specimen (in paleontological department. Museum ofNatural History, Jardin des Plantes, Paris) is lost.D'Orbigny's figures represent the species fairly well, although hisbasal view showing the arrangement of chambers is not well drawn asfar as the figure of the side view is concerned. D'Orbigny's specimenwas obtained from the Pliocene at Castel-Arquato. We haveexamined material from the same locality, but we could not obtainany specimen resembling his species. The specimen figured here wasfound in the Eocene material from Wansin in Belgium, and the speci-men is very much like d'Orbigny's model in every respect. Ourspecimen presents an arrangement of chambers not strictly triserial
^
at first somewhat triserial, but later tending to become biserial. Asd'Orbigny's original specimen is lost and his figure of the basal viewapparently is not well drawn, the figure showing the side view is theonly means of knowing how the chambers of d'Orbigny's specimenare arranged. Judging from his figure, at least the later chambers ofhis species appear to be arranged in an almost biserial series, which:seems to be the usual arrangement in a group of elongate, cylindricalPolymorphinidae
.
D'Orbigny compared his species with Soldani's Polymorphiumjjyriformium figured in the Testaceographia. Soldani's specimenresembles Pyrulina gutta in its shape, but judging from the figure itseems to have fewer chambers, and it may be considered to a be ayoung stage of Pyrulina gutta, but it is characterized by a peculiarsigmoid suture, in which point it is quite distinct, and therefore it isadvisable not to place it in the synonymy of P. gutta.On the other hand, Polymorphina (Globulina) clavata figured byRoemer from the German middle Oligocene, considered from his-figure, very closely resembles Pyrulina gutta.We have additional specimens from the Eocene of France, Lutetienof Grignon, Chaussy and Courtagnon ; also from the Eocene, Brackle-sham beds XVII and XVIII, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England..
rART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAYfA OoPYRULINA LABIATA (Schwager)Plate 12, figures 4 a, bPolymorphina lahiala Schwager, iVo^ara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 2, 1866,p. 246, pi. 7, fig. 90.Test elongated, acute at both ends; chambers elongated, overlap-ping, arranged in a nearly triserial series from the beginning to the end,growth rapid; sutures not depressed, not distinct; wall smooth, ratherthin; aperture radiate.Length, 0.75-0.80 mm.; breadth, 0.30-0.33 mm.; thickness,0.30-0.33 mm.Pyrulina labiata in its general feature resembles P. cylindroides,but its chambers are arranged in a triserial series even in the laterstages, and the chambers are slightly shorter than those of the latterspecies. Schwager's figure of the species does not clearly show thearrangement of chambers, especially that of the early stage.Distribution.?Schwager recorded the present species from thePliocene, upper clay of Kar Nicobar. We have specimens from thePliocene of Fiji. PYRULINA VICKSBURGENSIS (Cushman)Plate 13, figures 2 a-cPolymorphina vicksburgensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survej", Prof. Paper129-F, 1922, p. 133, pi. 31, fig. 2; Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 33.Test elongate, fusiform, broadest near the initial end, which issubcircular in transverse section, the later portion becoming com-pressed and narrower, initial end bluntly pointed, or with a shortspine; chambers becoming shorter toward the apertural end in theadult and arranged in an almost biserial series; surface smooth orwith very slight longitudinal costae; sutures not depressed but oftenstanding out as clearer areas in side view; aperture radiate.Length, 1.50 mm. or less; breadth, 0.40 mm.Type specimen from Station 6451, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg,Miss. This species occurs also at Station 6448, Glass Bayou, Vicks-burg, Miss.This seems to be different from the other described species of thisgenus, and may be distinguished especially by the cuspidate initialend and the peculiar change in shape from the rounded early portionto the narrow, compressed last-formed portion.PYRULINA EXTENSA (Cushman)Plate 12, figures 5 a-cPolymorphina longicollis H. B. Brady-, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,1884, p. 672, pi. 73, figs. 18, 19.?Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss.,Miinchen, CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 310, pi. 9, fig. 21.?Cushman, Bull. 71,U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 90, pi. 41, figs. 1-3.Polymorphina extensa Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 90,pi. 41, figs. 1-3; Bull. 104, pt. 4, 1923, p. 156, pi. 41, figs. 7, 8.
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77Test elongate, fusiform, margin almost entire, initial end more orless pointed, apertural end produced into an elongate, cylindricalneck; chambers not numerous, inflated; sutures fairly distinct, butnot depressed, except in the case of the last-formed one; wall more orless hispid, the last chamber especially more inflated and spinoseand often covered with fistulose tubes; aperture a long neck, notradiate.Length, 0.50-0.85 mm.; breadth, 0.22-0.28 mm.; thickness,0.22-0.28 mm.The present species is very unique in its long produced neck andlip, which are similar to those of Uvigerina, but the other charactersare undoubtedly those of Pyrulina.Distribution.?It is known as a Recent species and seems to bemostly hmited to the deep sea. Brady figures an excellent specimenfrom the South Atlantic from Challenger 388, in 1,990 fathoms(3,640 meters), and records it also from the South Pacific. We haveRecent specimens from the Atlantic off the eastern coast of theUnited States from Albatross D2035 in 1,362 fathoms, D2105 in1,395 fathoms, and D2562 in 1,434 fathoms. There are also speci-mens with hispid exterior from the Tertiary of Trinidad, from Southof Hospital Hill, San Fernando, collected by P. W. Jarvis which arevery close to Recent specimens. We have also a single smooth speci-men with an elongated neck similar to this species from the middleOligocene of Hermsdorf near Berlin, which should be noted in con-nection with this species. More specimens are needed to definitelyplace it. It also occurs in the Pliocene of Fiji, a series of sedimentsdeposited in fairly deep water.PYRULINA FUSIFORMIS (Roemer)Plate 13, figures 3-8Polymorphina fusiformis Roemer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., etc., 1838, p. 386pi. 3, fig. 37.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. See, vol. 271870, p. 219, pi. 39, figs. 6 b, c; and Woodcut e.-?Jones and ChapmanJourn. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 511, fig. 15 (in text).Guttulina cylindrica Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 71855, p. 347, pi. 18, figs. 4-6.Polymorphina cylindroides Reuss (not Roemer), Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wienvol. 18, 1855(1856), p. 249, pi. 8, fig. 78.Guttulina ovalis Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7, 1855p. 345, pi. 17, fig. 7.?CusHMAN, Bull. Soc. Sci. Seine-et-Oise, ser. 2vol. 9, 1928, p. 50, pi. 1, fig. 7 a, h.Polymorphina subteres Rexjss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 42, 1860, p. 361pi. 2, fig. 14.Pyridina obtusa Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863)p. 79, pi. 9, fig. 9.Polymorphina lanceolata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 48, pt. 1, 1863p. 58, pi. 7, figs. 75, 79-84 (not figs. 76-78); vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 487.?V. ScHLiCHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, only pi. 31, figs. 1, 2, 5-8
ART. 6 FOKAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CXJSHMAN AND OZAWA 5517-20, 25-27.?Hosius (not Reuss), Ver. Nat. Hist. Vereins Pr. Rhein-lande, vol. 50, 1893, p. 107, pi. 2, fig. 7.
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Jones and Chapman, Journ.Linn. Soc. ZooL, vol. 25, 1896, p. 510, figs. 11, 12 (in text).?Paalzow,Ber. Oflfenb. Ver. Nat., 1912, p. 68, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12.?Cushman, Bull.71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 86, pi. 40, fig. 2.?Franke, Dan-marks Geol. Unders. 2, Raekke, No. 46, 1927, p. 36, pi. 3, fig. 12.Polymorphina {Guttulina) lanceolata Andreae, Abhandl. Geol. Special-Karte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, pp. 118, 141, pi. 9, figs.18-20.Polymorphina tenera Karrer, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 58, abt. 1, 1868,p. 174, pi. 4, fig. 9.Polymorphina sororia var. cuspidata Chapman (not H. B. Brady), Journ.Roy. Micr. Soc, 1896, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 13.Polymorphina ampla Cushman (not Karrer), Bull. Anier. Assoc. Petr. Geol.,vol. 10, 1926, p. 603, pi. 20, fig, 6.Polymorphina angusta H. B. Brady (not Egger), Rep. Voy. Challenger,.Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 563, pi. 71, figs. 17-19; pi. 72, fig. 4.?Chapmanand Parr, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 36, 1926, p. 392, pi. 21, fig. 75.Test fusiform to cylindrical, acute at both ends, often with a spineat the mitial end, almost circular in end view; chambers rather short,not much embracing, arranged at first in a nearly triserial series, laterbecoming biserial; sutures not depressed, generally distinct; wallsmooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.55-1.25 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.50 mm.; thiclmess 0.20-0.50 mm.There are many specific names given to this cylindrical member ofthe genus, having the chambers rather short and not much embracing.Of these names, that of Roemer's appears to be the earliest. Roemer'sfigure, as nearly as can be made out and considered from our studyof many topotypes obtained from Cassel, seems to represent a ratheryoung stage, having but few chambers. Pyrulina Jusiformis is quitedistinct from Pyrulina cylindroides which has long fusiform chambers.Among the figures of Guttulina cylindrica given by Bornemann,Figures 4 and 5 are fair representatives of the present species, andFigure 6 is considered to be an adult specimen. Guttulina ovalisBornemann is closely related to Globulina minima but it has morechambers regularly arranged, and it seems better to place it in thesynonymy of the present species.Reuss's Polymorphina lanceolata, figured in 1863 (excepting figures76, 77), and Polymorphina subteres coincide in their every feature withPyrulina Jusijormis.Polymorphina tenera Karrer having a rounded initial end, andPolymorphina sororia var. cuspidata H. B. Brady, with an initial spine,are considered to be included in the range of variation of the presentspecies.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Distribution.?Rsithev common in various Tertiary deposits inEurope and widely distributed geographically in the Recent oceans.Our specimens are obtained from the following localities
:
Recent.?Atlantic, Albatross D2035, 1,362 fathoms; D2038, 2,033fathoms; D2042, 1,555 fathoms; D2109, 142 fathoms; D2174,1,594 fathoms; D2228, 1,582 fathoms; D2677, 478 fathoms;D2678, 731 fathoms, all off the eastern coast of the United States;D2160, 167 fathoms off Cuba. Pacific, Nero Stations 170, 1,990fathoms; 1287, 1,606 fathoms; 1,299, 1,817 fathoms; 1300, 1,529fathoms; 1312, 1,552 fathoms; 1316, 1,649 fathoms; 1324, 1,915fathom.s. There are specimens also from off Alaska.Pleistocene.?Leda Clay, Province of Quebec, Canada.Miocene.?Hungary, Kostej, Banat. Austria, Baden, ViennaBasin.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hermsdorf, near Ber-lin; Pietzpuhi; Hildesheimer Wald, Dickholzen, Hannover; Lobsann;Doberg, near Biinde.PYRULINA CYLINDROIDES (Roemer)Plate 14, figures 1-5Polymorphina cylindroides Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385,pi. 3, fig. 26.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 221, pi. 39, figs. 6 a, b, c.Polymorphina fusiformis Cushman (not Roemer), Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr.GeoL, vol. 10, 1926, p. 604, pi. 20, fig. 14.Test elongate, fusiform to cylindrical, acuminate toward bothextremities, almost circular in cross section; chambers elongate, notmuch embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series, tending to be-come biserial, each succeeding chamber farther removed from thebase; sutures but little depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.50-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.18-0.32 mm.; thickness 0.15-0.30 mm.As Roemer's figures of the present species are rather obscure, owingto their small size and poor execution, we have endeavored to get aspecimen which is most nearly like his figures among our abundantspecimens from the German Oligocene of various localities. Thespecimen figured in the plate is considered by us as typical of Roemer'sPolymorphina cylindroides, and the above description is written inaccordance with our specimen. Pyrulina cylindroides of our diagnosiswas generally identified with Poly7norphina jusiformis, from whichit is easily separable by its elongate chambers.Cretaceous Pyrulina porrecta Reuss is almost impossible to distin-guish from the present species, and as far as the material examinedis concerned there is no distinction between them. From CretaceousPyrulina acuminata it is easily separated by its elongate chambersbut little embracing.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFBRA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 57Distribution.?The present species is widely distributed in variousCretaceous deposits both in Europe and America. In the Tertiaryand Recent, it is not as common as in the Cretaceous, and these mayfinally be recognized as distinct. The localities of our specimens areas follows:Recent.?Albatross stations off the east coast of the United Statesand Brazil (rare specimens of the same general form as this species).Pliocene.?Belgium, Crag noir, Antwerp (very rare specimenswhich may be referred to this species at present).Miocene.?"Green clay," Cipero section, Trinidad (a single speci-men referred to this species).Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hermsdorf, nearBerlin; Sollingen; Diisseldorf.Eocene.?South of Hospital HUl, San Fernando, Trinidad, BritishWest Indies.Cretaceous.?England, Chalkmarl, Folkestone; Saxon CementWorks, Cambridge; Cambridge Greensand, Saxon Cement Works,Cambridge; Gault, Folkestone; Barnwell Pit, Cambridge. Germam^,upper Senonian, Dasbeck, near Hanover, Westphalia; Turonian,Birkwitz, near Pirna. Mexico, Velasco Shale, Hacienda El Limon,near Panuco. PYRULINA THOUINI (d'Orbigny)Plate 14, figures Qa-cPolymorphina thouini c'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No. 8;model No. 23.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 232, pi. 40, fig. 17.?Goes, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad.Handl., vol. 25, no. 9, 1894, p. 59, pi. 10, figs. 557-558.Test attenuate, subcjdindrical, almost circular in end view; cham-bers elongate, not much embracing, arranged at first in a nearlytriserial series becoming biserial later, each succeeding chamber re-moved much farther from the base; sutures slightly depressed, dis-tinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate.Length 0.65-0.95 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.25 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.25 mm.Pyrulina thouini is one of the best defined species of Pyrulina, andis closel}^ related to the widely distributed Pyrulina cylindroides, fromwhich it ma}^ be derived by drawing out the slender fusiform cham-bers which are placed less obliquely, and accordingly the test becomesmore elongate. Terquem's Polymorphina thouini from Vaudancourtsomewhat resembles d'Orbigny's species, but we should hesitate toplace it under the synonymy of the present species, as it has muchdepressed sutures.We have examined miaterial from the Paris Basin, and obtainedsome excellent specimens coinciding well with the model of d'Orbigny.The original specimen is lost.
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Distribution.?We have specimens in our collection from the Eoceneof France from Grignon and Damery.PYRULINA ACUMINATA d'OrbignyPlate 14, figures 7 a-cPyrulina acuminata d'Orbigny, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 1840, p. 43, pi 4,figs. 18, 19.
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Reuss, in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein., 1845-46, p. 670, pi. 24,fig. 64.?d'Orbigny, Prodrome de Paleont., vol. 2, 1850, p. 282, No.1405.
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Reuss, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, 1851, p. 26.
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Beissel,Abhandl. kon. Preuss. geol. Landes., n. ser., vol. 3, 1891, p. 63, pi. 10,figs. 54-59.Pyrulina ovulum Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, 1854, pi. 31, figs. 35, 36.Polymorphina acuminata H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones (not d'Orbigny),Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 219, pi. 39, figs. 4 a, 6.?Egger,Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Munchen, CI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899,p. 130, pi. 17, fig. 3.Polymorphina (Pyrula) acuminata Egger, Ber. nat. Ver. Passau, 1907,p. 40, pi. 4, fig. 27.Test ovate-elongate to fusiform, both ends acuminate; chambersinflated, much embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series in theearly stages, becoming biserial later; sutures not depressed, difficultto recognize; wall smooth; aperture produced, radiate.Length 0.80-1.30 mm.; breadth 0.28-0.50 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.50 mm.In some of its characters, Pyrulina acuminata bears some resem-blance to Pyrulina porreda, but the latter has generally a much moreslender test, the chambers scarcely overlapping, and is not as com-pactly built as is the present species. Both extremities are stronglyacuminate, a very characteristic feature of the species.Distribution.?Not rare in Cretaceous deposits, but very rare inthe earlier Tertiary. We have specimens of Pyrulina acuminata fromthe following locahties: France, Upper Cretaceous, Chalk, Bougival.Germany, Upper Senonian, Rinkerode and Dasbeck, both in West-phalia. We have a series of specimens from the lower Tertiary ofSan Fernando, Trinidad, British West Indies, collected by P. W.Jarvis, which seem identical with this species. The series containsslightly compressed as well as normal specimens and several that arefistulose. PYRULINA ALBATROSSI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 15, figures 1-3Test elongate, fusiform to cyhndrical, acute at both ends; chamberselongated, much embracing, arranged in a triserial series, becomingbiserial later, but often one extra, rounded chamber added at thetop of the test, each succeeding chamber slightly removed from thebase; sutures but little depressed, nearly vertical, generally distinct;wall smooth, thin, almost transparent; aperture radiate.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 59Holotype, length 1.85 mm.; breadth 0.65 mm.; thickness 0.40 mm.Holoiype.? {Cat. No. 20952, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D2160,167 fathoms off Cuba.In its general appearance it closely resembles Pyrulina cylindroides,but most of its sutures are almost vertical instead of oblique. Ithas often one extra chamber added at the top of the main test.In such a case, the suture of this extra chamber can not be distin-guished from the others because of its similar appearance.Distribution.?In addition to the type locality, we have specimensfrom Albatross D2756, 417 fathoms, coast of Brazil, and D2105,1,395 fathoms, east coast of United States. There is a specimen alsofrom N^ero 613 in the Pacific that is close to the present species.PYRULINA RETICULOSA Cushman and OzawaPlate 15, figures 4 a, bPyrulina reticulosa Ctjshman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,1929, p. 69, pi. 15, fig.l.Test elongate, elliptical, irregular in form, nearly circular in trans-verse section; chambers few, apparently three in the type specimen;sutures obscured by the ornamentation which consists of generallylongitudinal costae with transverse ones between, making an irregularreticulation; aperture radiate.Length 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.33 mm.Holotype.? {Cat. No. 20312, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D4882,Blake Reef oft" Vagadosaki Lighthouse, 248 fathoms.This species is unique in its ornamentation. It may represent anintermediate between Globulina and Pyrulina.PYRULINA VELASCOENSIS (Cushman)Plate 29, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina velascoensis Cushman, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10,1926, p. 604, pi. 20, figs. 16 a, b.Test elongate, fusiform in front view, in side view with the sidesunequal, one side convex, the other concave, the concave side infront view with a central depression; chambers not elongated, rathercompressed, arranged in a biserial series; sutures not at all depressed,very indistinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.25 mm.; thickness 0.18 mm.This is a very peculiarly curved species having a longitudinalcentral depression.Distribution.?This species is from the Velasco shale of the Tampicoiembayment, Mexico.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Genus GLOBUIJNA d'Orbigny, 1826GLOBULINA GIBBA d'OrbignyPlate 16, figures 1-4GlobuUna gibba d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 10,Modeles No. 63; Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 227, pi. 13,figs. 13, 14.
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Terquem, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1875, p. 38,pi. 5, fig. 15; Mem. Soc. G^ol. France., s6r 3, vol. 1, 1878, p. 43, pi. 4(9), figs. 1-5; vol. 2, 1882, p. 130, pi. 13 (21), figs. 22-27.?Jones andChapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL, vol. 25, 1896, pp. 509, 515, figs. 6, 7,40 (in text).Polymorphina {GlobuUna) gibba Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg. 1857,p. 289, pi. 13, figs. 1-4.
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Andreae, Abhandl. Geol. Special-Karte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, pp. 117, 141, pi. ix, figs. 10-12, 13 a, b.Polymorphina gibba H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 216, pi. 39, figs. 2 a, 5.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien,vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 485.?v. Schlicht, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870,pi. 27, figs. 1-6, 16-18; pi. 26, figs. 31-34.?H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy.Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 561, pi. 71, figs. 12 a, b.-?Shbrbornand Chapman, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, ser. 2, vol. 6, 1886, p. 755,pi. 16, fig. 5.?Goiss, Kongl. Svensk. Vet." Akad. Handl., vol. 25, no. 9,1894, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 520-526.?Jones, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896,p. 253, pi. 1, figs. 49-51.
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Jones and Chapman, Journ. Linn. SocZooL, vol. 26, 1896, pp. 513, 614, figs. 31-33 (in text).?Bagg, MarylandGeol. Surv. (Eocene), 1901, p. 248, pi. 63, fig. 12; (Miocene), 1904,p. 477, pi. 133, fig. 4.
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Weller, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Paleontology,vol. 4, 1907, p. 250, pi. 3, fig. 21.
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Sidebottom, Mem. Proc ManchesterLit. Philos. Soc, No. 9, vol. 61, 1907, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 15-17.?Paalzow,Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat., 1912, p. 67, pi. 1, fig. 10.?Cushman, U. S.Geol. Surv. Bull. 676, 1918, pp. 10, 52, pi. 2, fig. 4; pi. 11, fig. 5; Prof.Paper 129-F, 1922, pp. 93, 94, pi. 17, fig. 3; pi. 18, figs. 3 a, 6.?Plummer,Bull. 2644, Univ. Texas, 1927, p. 122, pi. 6, figs. 8 a, &.?Stadnichenko,Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1928, p. 230, pi. 38, figs. 20-22.Guttulina (GlobuUna) gibba Cushman, Bull. Soc Sci. Seine-et-Oise, ser. 2,vol. 9, 1928, p. 50, pi. 1, figs. 4 a-c, 5 a, b. (Separate, p. 4, pi. 1, figs.4 a-c, 5 a, b).GlobuUna globosa Rbuss (not Miinster) in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein.,1845-46, p. 669, pi. 24, fig. 85; Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1,1861 (1862), p. 318, pi. 3, fig. 3.GlobuUna tubulosa d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 228,.pi. 13, figs. 15, 16.Polymorphina (GlobuUna) gibba d'Orbigny var. ovoidea Egger, NeuesJahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 289, pi. 13, figs. 5-7.Polymorphina (GlobuUna) gibba d'Orbigny var. subgibba Egger, NeuesJahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 289, pi. 13, figs. 8-10.Polymorphina (GlobuUna) gibba d'Orbigny var. pirula Egger, NeuesJahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 290, pi. 13, figs. 11, 12.GlobuUna amplectens Bornemann (not Reuss), Zeitschr. Deutsch. geol. Ges.,.vol. 12, 1860, p. 160, pi. 6, figs. 12 a-c.Polymorphina gibba d'Orbigny var. orbicularis Karrer, Sitz. Akad. Wiss..Wien, vol. 6S, abt. 1, 1868, p. 174, pi. 4, fig. 8.GlobuUna subgibba Gumbel, Abhandl. kon. ba5^ Akad. Wiss. Miinchen,Cl. II, vol. 10, 1870, p. 645, pi. 2, fig. 79.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAB?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 61Glohulina ovalis Terquem, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1878, p. 77, pi. 10,fig. 2.Glohulina oviformis Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 44, pi. 4 (9), figs. 9-12.Glohulina transversa Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882,p. 129, pi. 13 (21), figs. 17-21.Guttulina ponderosa Terquem, Mem. Soc. G^ol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882,p. 135, pi. 14 (22), fig. 1 a, b.Guttulina gravida Terquem and Terquem (not Terquem 1878), Bull. Soc.Zool. France, vol. 11, 1886, p. 334, pi. 11, fig. 21.Polymorphina inflata Terquem and Terquem (not Terquem 1878), Bull.Soc. Zool. France, vol. 11, 1886, p. 335, pi. 11, fig. 23.Polymorphina lactea (Walker and Jacob) var. diffusa Cusbman, Bull. 71,U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 84, pi. 41, fig. 8.Test globular to subgiobular, transverse section almost circular;chambers few, inflated, rounded, arranged in a nearly triserial series;sutures not depressed, generally clear; wall smooth, translucent,often with fistulose tubes, especially at apertural end; aperture radiate.Length 0.45-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.40-0.90 mm.; thickness 0.40-0.90 mm.D'Orbigny's original specimen is lost.Glohulina gibba is definite in its general characters; still there areseveral distinct varieties, and many specific and varietal names aregiven by various authors to forms which seem merely variations ofthe typical.D'Orbigny's model has a globular test, with a slightly producedapex. Egger's Polymorphina gibba var. pyrula represents a formwith a much produced apex, and Giimbel's Globulina subgibba is typi-cally spherical, while Karrer's Polymorphina gibba var. orbicularis hasa spheroidal test, shorter than broad.There are some individuals which can be compared with Egger'sPolymorphina gibba var. ovoidea and subgibba and Terquem.'s Glohulinaoviformis, transversa, ponderosa, and inflata, in which the chambers areeither unequall}^ overlapped or not very regularly combined.There are numerous fistulose forms, some of which are very elab-orate and have been given difl^erent names, in which the main bodyof the test is typically Globulina gibba.Distribution.?Glohulina gibba is often recorded from the Jurassicand Cretaceous formations, but as far as our material is concernedthere are no Mesozoic Glohulina gibba.The Cretaceous Globulinas having a more or less globular test areseparated from Tertiary Globulina gibba, as is described in later pages.We have examined in our collection more than 1,200 specimens ofGlobulina gibba, and the distribution of these is given below. It isvery noteworthy that of all these specimens the only Recent ones arefrom the Mediterranean and ofi Ireland. In the Pliocene the recordsare almost entirely from the same region. In the Miocene the dis-
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77tribution is wide, as it is in the Oligocene and Eocene. Unlike many-species of foraminifera, this species died out in the Pacific region andonly persisted in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The opposite isusually the case.Recent.?Mediterranean, Tripoli; Lido, Venice; 10-14 fathoms, offisland of Delos. Southwest of Ireland, dredged by steam tug ^'LordBandon," log. 28, 26 fathoms, off Baltimore, Ireland.Pliocene.?Englsind, Crag, Sutton. Belgium, Crag, Antwerp.Spain, Garrobo. Italy, Castel Arquato; Coroncina, near Siena,Lanarka, island of Cyprus. United States, Shell Creek, De Soto-County, Fla.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Baden; Grunes Kreuz, near Nuss-dorf; Vosslau; Perchtoldsdorf. Hungary, Tortonian, Varpolata;Kostej; Bujtur, Siebenburgen ; Lapugy. France, Helvetian, Pontle-voy; Moulin de Minoy, Salles; Aquitanian superieur. La Brede^Larriey, near Bordeaux; St. Avit; Aquitanian inferieur, La Brede,,rauche de Chemin de Fer; Burdigalien superieur, Merignac; PontGourguet, Saucats; Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; St.Paul de Dax, Dax; Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats.Germany, Ortenberg. Australia, Janjukian, Filter quarry, Batesford^
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Victoria; green marl. Bird Rock Cliffs, Torquay, Victoria; DangerPoint, Torquay, Victoria; Balcombian, Kackeraboite Creek. United-States. Duplin marl, Marysville, S. C. ; Choctawhatchee marl, 1 mileeast of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. ; Chipola marl, Chipola River;,.Calhoun County, Fla.Oligocene.?Germany, Upper Oligocene. Ahnatal, near CasseLMiddle Oligocene, Sollingen, Hermsdorf, near Berlin; Wiesloch near-Heidelberg; Egisheim. Lower Oligocene, Lattdorf. United States^lower Oligocene, Byram marl, Mississippi; upper fossiliferous zone,,.600-700 feet north of bridge over Glass Bayou, Vicksburg; Pearl.River at bridge at Byram ; Chickasawhay River at wagon bridge, one-fourth mile west of Woodward, 2 miles northwest of Waynesboro ; 500"feet west of bridge, 2)^ miles south of Waynesboro; road north ofNational Cemetery, Vicksburg; Leaf River, one-half mile belowbridge on Taylorsville-Silvarena Road, near old Blakney post office;calcareous sands, railroad cut east of Brandon; Glendon limestone,,Mississippi, below waterfall in Glass Bayou, Vicksburg; Robinson'squarry, 4 miles east of Brandon, Ala. ; west bank of Conecuh River atMcGowan's bridge, about 1 mile below mouth of Sepulga River;-Tiger Hill, east bluff of East Tallahala Creek, sec. 7, T. 1 N., R. 12 E.,10 miles in air line south by east of Bay Springs, Miss.; Mariannalimestone, Mississippi, 1% miles southsoutheast of Heidelberg; V/imiles northeast of Brandon; Bay Springs, Tallahala Road east ofTallahala Creek; 2^ miles northeast of Calmar post office. Ala..2)^ miles north of Millry; St. Stephens Bluff, right bank of Tombigbee-
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 63River, about 9 miles above Jackson; gully west of road from PerdueHill to Claiborne, 250 feet above Alabama River; east end of wagonbridge on Murder Creek, east of Castleberry; 2K miles southwest ofWhatley; near head of branch about 1 mile east by south of Fail,about 300 yards north of road from Isney to Healing Springs; MintSpring" marl, Mississippi, below waterfall at Glass Bayou, Vicksburg;foot of waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg; ChickasawhayRiver, 1% miles northwest of mouth of Limestone Creek, 4 milesnorthwest of Waynesboro; Brown's Cave, east bluff of Leaf River,Smith County; Red Bluff clay, Mississippi, old Red Bluff Landingon Chickasawhay River at Hiwanee, 3K miles south of Shubuta, Ala.
;
St. Stephens Bluff, right bank of Tombigbee River, about 9 milesabove Jackson, bed 3 of section; near head of small branch about 1mile southeast of Fail, Ala. Mexico, Huasteca Railroad, betweenkilometers 9 and 10, 1 kilometer east of Big Cut, Tampico region.Eocene.?England, Bracklesham bed XVII, White Cliff Bay, Isleof Wight. France, Lutetien, Vaudancourt, Parnes (Les Boves),Grignon, Courtagnon, Damery, Chaussy, Campbon. Austria, Bar-tonian, Bruderdorf, bei Stockerau. Italy, Bartonian, Val di Lonte.Germany, Hammer, upper Bavaria. Belgium, lower Eocene, Wansin.Mexico, Guayabal formation, Guayabal. Trinidad, Cipero section.United States, Jacksonian, Alabama; Conecuh River at Beck, Cov-ington County; 3% miles north of Grove Hill, on road to Thomasville,Clarke County; road from Perdue Hill to Claiborne, Monroe County;east bank of Sepulga River, about 4 miles northeast of Brooklyn,Conecuh County; Powell's Landing, east bank of Sepugla River, sec.35, T. 4 N. ; R. 13 E., Covington County, road from Bladen Springs toMillry, about Sji miles southeast of Cullomburg. Mississippi, roadsideon hill above pumping station at Jackson; bluff on Garlands Creek,about 5 miles northeast of Shubuta, Quitman County. Florida, Ocalalimestone, on road near Blue Springs, 6 miles northeast of Marianna,Jackson County ; west bank of Chipola River, at wagon bridge, east ofMarianna; quarry of Florida Lime Co., on southwest edge of Ocala,Marion County; phosphate mine, V/i miles west of Croom, HernandoCounty. Georgia, 5 miles north of Millen, Jenkins County; eastbank of Flint River, at bar three-fourths mile northeast of AtlanticCoast Line Railroad station at Bainbridge; Rich Hill, CrawfordCounty, 6 miles southeast of Roberta. South Carolina, Coopermarl, Ingleside marl pit, Charleston; Mill Creek, Beldock, BarnwellCounty; steep bluff, west side of Biggin Creek, three-fourths milebelow the Coastal Highway, Berkeley County; highway, 17% mileswest of old Biggin Church, Berkeley County; dump heap fromCharleston Aqueduct, 1 mile west of Givhan's Dorchester County.
04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Claibornian, New Jersey, Vincentown. Alabama, right bank ofTombigbee Kiver at bend about 1 mile above St. Stephens Bluff,Washington County. Midwayan, Tex.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. GLOBOSA (v. Miinster)Plate 17, figures 8, 9Polymor'phina globosa v.* Munster, in Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc.,1838, p. 386, pi. 3, fig. 33.
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Eeuss, Die Verstein. bohm. Kreide., 1845,p. 40, pi. 13, fig. 82.
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Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen,CI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899, p. 129, pi. 17, fig. 26.Polijmorj)hina acuta Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min. etc., 1838, p. 386, pi. 3,fig. 36.Glohulina acuta Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wein, vol. 18, 1855 (1856), p. 245,pi. 6, fig. 62.Glohulina aequalis d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 227,pi. 13, figs. 11, 12.Polymorphina equalis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922,p. 132, pi. 31, fig. 3; Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 149, pi. 40,fig. 3.Polymorphina gibba var. aequalis H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soe., vol. 27, 1870, p. 216, pi. 39, figs. 2 c, d.Glohulina turbinata Tbrquem, M6m. See. Geol. France., s6r. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 43, pi. 4 (9), figs. 6-8.Test subgiobular to broadly oval, rather convex on one side in themicrospheric form, more or less equally compressed in the megalo-spheric form, slightly produced at the apertural end; chambers moreor less compressed, generally up to seven in the microspheric, four inthe megalospheric form, the later chambers more embracing on oneside, arranged in an almost triserial series, each succeeding chambermore or less above the base; sutures not depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, thick, often with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.Length 0.65-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.40-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.35mm.This is a compressed modification of Glohulina gibba, and there is acertain range of variation in its test.Glohulina acuta (Roemer), from the German Oligocene has a ratherelongated test with an acuminate apertural end, and in Glohulinaturbinata Terquem the test is rhombic with rounded edges.Glohulina aequalis d'Orbigny, of which both the originals andparatypes were examined by Ozav/a, shows a wide range of variationin its shape.Distribution.?Like Glohulina gibba and Glohulina inaequalis, thepresent variety is widely distributed both geologically and geographi-cally. We have specimens from the following localities:Recent.?Atlantic off Nymph Bank, South of Cork Harbor, Ireland,b2% fathoms; Dogs Bay, Ireland; coast of Iceland. Mediterranean,Rimini, Italy. Pacific, shore sand, Torquay, on Bass Strait, Vi'btoria,Australia.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 65Pliocene.?Belgium, Crag noir, Antwerp. Italy, Castel Arquato.Miocene.?France, Aquitanian superieur, Mont de Marson, St.Avit; Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Burdigalieninferieur, Moulin de FEglise, Saucats. Austria, Tortonian, Am^his-tegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna; Perchtoldsdorf,near Vienna; Bujtur, Siebenburgen. Hungary, Tortonian shell sand,Varpolata; Kostej, Banat; Lapugy. United States, Choctawhatcheemarl, three-fourths mile east of Red Bay, Walton County, Florida.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Doberg, near Biinde;Flonheim, Mainz Basin; Cothen; Hildesheimer Wald, Dickholzen;Hermsdorf, near Berlin. Mexico, near Cuesta Blanca, Zacamixtle,Vera Cruz.Eocene.?England, Bracklesham beds, from material washed uponbeach at Selsey. Austria, Bartonian, Bruderndorf, near Stockerau.United States, Wilmington, N. C; Cooper marl, Ashley, DorchesterCounty, S. C; Steep Bluff, west side of Biggen Creek, three-fourthsmile below Coastal Highway, Berkeley County, S. C; Vincentown,N.J. GLOBUUNA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. COGNATA (Franzenau)Plate 19, figures 8 a-cPolymorphina cognata Franzenau, Glasnick. Kra. nav. Druztva God., vol.6, 1894, p. 35, pi. 6, fig. 59.Variety differing from the typical form in having the spine at theinitial end. Length of figured specimen 0.55 mm. ; breadth 0.40 mm.
;
thickness 0.40 mm.Recent.?Mediterranean, off Island of Delos, 10-14 fathoms.Pliocene.?Sepik Eiver, Borneo.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. STRIATA Egger
r Plate 16, figures 5-7Polymorphina (Globulina) striata Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 291, pi. 14, figs. 3, 4.Polymorphina (Glohulina) costata Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 291, pi. 14, figs. 5, 6.Polymorphina costata H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 240, pi. 41, figs. 31 a, b.Variety with the test not compressed, often somewhat longer thanbroad, wall thick, translucent, ornamentation of the surface consistingof longitudinal, platelike costae, independent of the sutures, eachbroken into numerous irregular, jagged portions; apertural end usu-ally broadly rounded.Length 0.30-0.40 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.33 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.30mm.We have examined Egger's paratypes of Polymorphina (Globulina)striata and Polymorphina (Globulina) costata, together with other92709?30 5
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.7European Miocene material, and find all gradations between theseforms. The platelike costae, broken into numerous irregular, jaggedportions are very. characteristic of the variety, and by this characterGlohulina gibba var. striata can easily be distinguished from the alliedforms such as Globulina gibba var. ornata (Karrer), and var. myristi-jormis (Williamson).Plate 16, figure 5, is from a paratype of Egger's, and figure 7 is from,Ortenburg, Germany.[GLOBUUNA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. MYRISTIFOKMIS (Williamson)Plate 16, figures 8 a, h; Plate 20, figures 6 a, 6Polymorphina myristiformis Williamson, Recent Foram. Great Britain,1858, p. 73, pi. 6, figs. 156-157.?H. B. Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc. ZooL,vol. 24, 1864, p. 473 (table).?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1870, p. 240, pi. 41, figs. 30 a-c?H. B. Brady,Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 571, pi. 73, figs. 9, 10.?Balkwill and Millett, Journ. Micr., vol. 3, 1884, p. 16, pi. 4, fig. 10.
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Balkwill and Wright, Trans. Roy. Irish. Acad., vol. 28, Sci., 1885,p. 346.?H. B. Brady, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1887, p. 914.
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Wright,Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1891, p. 487.
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Robertson, Trans.Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. 3, pt. 3, 1889-92, p. 241.?Wright, IrishNat., vol. 9, no. 3, 1900, p. 55.
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Sidebottom, Mem. Proc. ManchesterLit. Philos. Soc, No. 9, vol. 51, 1907, p. 13, pi. 3, fig. 7.?Millett,Recent Foram. Galway, 1908, p. 6, pi. 4, fig. 10.?Heron-Allen andEarland, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1909, p. 434; 1911, p. 324; Proc. Roy.Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 103, pi. 8, figs. 18, 19; Journ. Roy.Micr. Soc, pt. 1, 1916, p. 48; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, ser. 2,1916, p. 265; Bull. Soc. Sci. Hist. Nat. Corse, 1922, p. 131.?Cushman,Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 158, pi. 41, figs. 9-12.Polymorphina sulcata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No.21.?FoRNASiNi, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 10, 1902,p. 52, fig. 52.Variety having the wall marked by numerous longitudinal costaeusually interrupted at the sutures and occasionally broken, especiallyin the basal area.Length 0.30-0.40 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.35 mm.Globulina sulcata, named by d'Orbigny in 1826, but figured muchlater by Fornasini, is undoubtedly the same as the present variety.There are specimens in our collections from the following:Recent.?Ireland, Steam Tug Lord Bandon, log. 33, Nymph Bank,south of Cork, 52 fathoms; log. 11, southwest of Ireland, 38-44fathoms. England, off Plymouth. Italy, beach, Lido, Venice.Pliocene.?England, Crag of Sutton. Italy, Castel Arquato.Miocene.?Austria, Baden and Nussdorf.Eocene.?France, Lutetien moyen, Grignon.It may be noted that specimens from the Eocene of Grignon havevery heavy costae as do also those of the Crag of Sutton.
AET.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CXJSHMAN AND OZAWA 67GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orblgny var. OENATA (Karrer)Plate 16, figure 9Polymor-phina ornata Karrer, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 58, abt. 1, 1868,p. 175, pi. 4, fig. 10.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 242, pi. 41, figs. 34a, b.Variety ornamented with slightly raised warts or tubercles in moreor less regular lines parallel to the long axis of the test.Length 0.45-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.35-0.65 mm.In the parallel arrangement of the broken costae, the present varietyresembles var. granulosa, but it has a much coarser ornamentation.From Glohulina gihha var. myristi^ormis, which has parallel brokencostae, it is often very difficult to separate the present variety becauseof the intermediate forms. The variety is very abundant at Varpoiata.The Eocene specimens are somewhat doubtfully of this variety, as isalso that of Ahnatal.We have specimens from the following localities
:
Miocene.?Tortonian: Hungary, Varpoiata; Kostej, Banat. Aus-tria, Voslau brickyard, near Baden, near Vienna.Oligocene.?Upper: Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel (?).Eocene.?Lutetien: France, Campbon (?).GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. VERRUCOSA Cnshman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 17, figures 2 a,hPolymorphina ornata Heron-Allen and Earland (not Karrer), Journ. Roy.Micr. Soc, 1909, p. 434, pi. 17, fig. 8.Variety differing from the typical in ornamentation of the surfacewhich consists of thick wart-like, raised areas, arranged generally inlongitudinal lines.Holotype: Length 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.33 mm.; thickness 0.33mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 1142L) From the Lutetien,Campbon, in France.Polymorphina ornata described and figured by Heron-Allen andEarland from Selsey Bill, Sussex, England is identical with the presentvariety.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. FISSICOSTATA Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 17, figures 3 a, bVariety differing from the typical in the ornamentation which con-sists of numerous fine, broken, longitudinal costae covering the entiresurface.Length 0.40-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.32 0.45 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.38 mm.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Holotype of variety.?(Custiman Coll. No. 11398.) From tlie upperOligocene of Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany, where the variety isvery abundant. We have a single specimen from the Pliocene ofCastel Arquato, Italy, that may belong to this variety.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. LONGITUDINALIS Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 18, figures 1 a, bVariety differing from the typical form in its slightly compressedelongated test and its numerous, distinct, longitudinal costae. In itsshape it is similar to Glohulina gibba var. globosa, but it is ornamentedby costae.Holotype: Length 0.55 mm.; breadth 0.38 mm.; thickness 0.25mm.Holotype of variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11422.) From the Pliocene,Castel Arquato, Italy.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. TUBERCULATA d'OrbignyPlate 17, figures 6, 7Glohulina tuberculata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 230, pi. 13, figs. 21, 22.
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Terquem, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3,vol. 2, 1882, p. 132, pi. 13 (21), figs. 33, 34.Polymorphina {Glohulina) tuherculata Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 292, pi. 14, figs. 7, 8.Polymorphina tuherculata H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 242, pi. 41, fig. 35 a-d.?Jones, Foram. Crag, pt.3, 1896, p. 273, pi. 5, fig. 29.
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Cushman, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol.,vol. 10, 1926, p. 603, pi. 20, fig. 5.Glohulina spinosa d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 230,pi. 13, figs. 23, 24.
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Terquem, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, s6t. 3, vol. 2,1882, p. 132, pi. 13 (21), fig. 35.Polymorphina (Glohulina) spinosa Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 292, pi. 14, figs. 9, 10.Polymorphina spinosa H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc,vol. 27, 1870, p. 243, pi. 42, figs. 36 a, h.?Balkwill and Wright,Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 28, Sci., 1885, p. 347, pi. 12, fig. 27.?Cushman, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p. 133, pi. 31,fig. 5; Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 157, pi. 41, figs. 1, 13.Glohulina asperula Gumbel, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, Cl.II, vol. 10, 1870, p. 646, pi. 2, figs. 81 a, h.Polymorphina frondiformis Searles Wood var. hrevis Jones, Crag Foram.,Pal. Soc. Mon. 19, 1866-1897, p. 271, pi. 7, fig. 20.Variety ornamented with strong spines of unequal size and ir-regularly spaced. Ozawa examined the original specimens of Globu-lina tuberculata and G. spinosa, which show no special differenceexcepting the size of the tubercles or spines, which are not equaleven in an individual specimen. d'Orbigny figured forms of bothextremes. We have a great many specimens of these two forms col-lected from the original locality which show every degree of ornamen-tation between d'Orbigny's two species.
ABT. 8 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CTJSHMAN AND OZAWA 69Length with spines 0.70-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.60-0.80 mm,; thick-ness 0.50-0.70 mm.Glohulina asperula as described by Giimbel, having tubercles uni-formly distributed, is undoubtedly the same as the present variety.Polymorphina Jrondijormis var. brevis, recorded from the Crag byJones, is described as having a subovate test with somewhat roundchambers ornamented with irregular and subquadrate droplike beadsand is evidently identical with the present variety tuherculata.Ozawa examined d'Orbigny's specimens of Glohulina tuherculataand spinosa in Paris and Vienna and is certain that they were obtainedfrom Nussdorf and not Baden, as d'Orbigny records. The specimensshow the same appearance as our Nussdorf specimens.Distrihution.?Specimens are in our collections from the followinglocalities:Pliocene.?Italy, Castel Arquato. England, Crag of Sutton.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz,Nussdorf, Vienna; Ziegelgrube, Baden. Hungary, Kostej, Banat.France, Helvetian, Salles, Moulin du Minoy.Oligocene.?Germany, upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel.United States, lower Oligocene, Byram marl, Mississippi, Leaf River,Yi mile below bridge on Taylorsville-Silvarena road, near Old Blakneypost office; Glendon limestone, Mississippi, from loose blocks of lime-stone below waterfall in Glass Bayou; Alabama, west bank of ConecuhRiver at McGowans Bridge, about 1 mile below mouth of SepulgaRiver; Mint Spring marl, Mississippi, below waterfall at Glass Bayou,Vicksburg; waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg; ChickasawhayRiver, 1% miles northwest of mouth of Limestone Creek, 4 milesnorthwest of Waynesboro.Eocene.?Germany, Hammer, Upper Bavaria.GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orbigny var. PUNCTATA d'OrbignyPlate 17, figures 4, 5Glohulina punctata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p.229, pi. 13, figs. 17, 18.Polymorphina hirsuta H. B. Beady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc.vol. 27, 1870, p. 243, pi. 42, fig. 37.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wienvol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 486.?v. Schlicht, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870pi. 34, figs. 1-3.
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Jones and Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL, vol. 251896, p. 511, figs. 21 a, b, (in text).
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Jones, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896.p. 273, pi. 6, figs. 14 a, b.?Heron-Allen and Earland, Journ. Roy.Micr. Soc, 1909, p. 435, pi. 17, fig. 7.?Franke, Abhandl. geol. pal.Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 79, pi. 6, fig. 22.Glohulina riigosa d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienna, 1846, p. 229,pi. 13, figs. 19, 20.
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Terquem, Essai Class. Anim. Dunkerque, 1876,p. 77, pi. 10, fig. 1.Polymorphina rugosa Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p.157, pi. 41, fig. 6.Polymorphina globosa Karrer (not v. Mtinster), Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien,vol. 52, abt. 1, 1865, p. 497, pL, fig. 12.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Variety ornamented with small spines or punctations (not de-pressions, as described by d'Orbigny).The original specimen in Paris is lost. Paratype specimens pre-served in the geological department, Museum of Natural History inVienna, are mostly Orbulina universa with a few Globulina gibba (somefistulose forms) and one specimen somewhat resembling the figureof Globulina punctata given by d'Orbigny. This is slightly elongated,just like a specimen in our collection from the Tortonian clay ofBaden in the Vienna Basin. Brady, Parker, and Jones regardedGlobulina punctata as representing a thin-walled condition in a shellof the common type of Globulina gibba, but the minute depressionson the surface noted by d'Orbigny are not depressions and do notrepresent the minute foramina in the chamber wall, but are surfaceornamentations. Brady, Parker, and Jones separated the formsbeset with fine spines as a distinct species, Polymorphina hirsuta, butsuch forms grade into typical variety punctata, and we think it isunnecessary to separate them.Length 0.35-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.55mm.D'Orbigny 's Globulina rugosa, described as having a globular testmarked by longitudinally arranged depressions, was considered byseveral authors to be the same as Polymorphina (not Globulina)rugosa, having a peculiar test beset with spines, but there is no datawhether d'Orbigny considered them as synonyms. The originalspecimens of these two species are lost, but paratype specimens ofGlobulina rugosa are in the Museum in Vienna and were examinedby Ozawa. They are mostly Globulina gibba with one Orbulinauniversa, and there is nothing like the form figured by d'Orbigny.If the specimen has the feature as illustrated by d'Orbigny andcharacterized by small depressions arranged longitudinally, thenGlobulina rugosa is considered to be nothing but Globulina punctata.In the middle Miocene (Tortonian) clay in the Vienna Basin Ozawacollected some Globulina ornamented with broken but strong costae,which resemble Globulina myristiformis Williamson. They appearto be Globulina rugosa, but there is no original specimen, and theparatype specimens are ail quite different from the figure, thereforeit is more advisable to place Globulina rugosa as a synonym of Globu-lina gibba var. punctata d'Orbigny.Distribution.?We have specimens referable to this variety fromthe following:Recent.?Mediterranean, Shoresand, Rimini; Island of Delos, 14fathoms.Pliocene.?England, Crag of Sutton. Italy, Castel Arquato.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Ziegelgrube, Voslau, Vienna Basin;Baden, Vienna; Perchtoldsdorf, near Vienna; Bujtur, Siebenburgen.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 71Hungary, Lapugy. France, Helvetian, Moulin du Minoy, Salles;Burdigalien superior, Merignac (Gironde) ; Burdigalien moyen,Le Coquillat, Leognan; St. Paul de Dax, Dax.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hildesheimerwald,Dickholzen; Doberg, near Biinde.Eocene.?^Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves) ;Lutetien, Grignon, Chaussy
.
GLOBULINA GLACIALIS Cushxnan and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 15, figures 6, 7Test fusiform, slightly more acute at the base than at the aperturaiend; chambers more or less inflated, longer than wide, embracing,arranged in a clockwise, nearly triserial series, each succeedingchamber but little removed from the base, often with an extra chamberadded higher up on the test; sutures very slightly depressed, distinct;wall smooth, thin, almost transparent; aperture radiate.Length 0.30-0.45 mm.; breadth 0.14-0.22 mm.; thickness 0.12-0.18 mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11456.) From Pleistocene claysof the Glen, Montreal, Canada.In general aspect it resembles Globulina minuta of the EuropeanTertiary, but its arrangement of chambers is in a clockwise spiral(almost triserial) series instead of contraclockwise, as in G. minuta.There are some specimens with one extra chamber which is invariablyinflated and added higher up on the test, while in G. minuta anextra chamber shows no great difference in position from the others.Distribution.?This species is a cold-water one found in the glacialclays of Canada and New England and living in very cold waters.Recent.?Csmsida., Murray Bay, Province of Quebec.Pleistocene.?Canada, glacial clays, the Glen, and McGill CollegeGrounds, Montreal. United States, Leda clay, Portland, Me.GLOBUUNA LANDESI (G. D. Hanna and M. A. Hanna)Plate 15, figures 9 a, bPolymorphina landesi G. D. Hanna and M. A. Hanna, Publ. Geol. Univ.Washington, 1924, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 60, pi. 13, figs. 16, 17.Test compressed, almost circular in outline except for the producedaperturai end; chambers elongated, much embracing, arranged in amore or less triserial series, each succeeding chamber not removedfrom the base; sutures not depressed but distinct; wall smooth, ratherthick; aperture produced, radiate.Figured specimens: Length, 0.45 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm.; thick-ness, 0.25 mm.The present species is one of the few Globulinas described from thePacific region and was described from the Eocene of North America.It is the only species of Globulina found in Japanese Recent andTertiary material. It is characterized by an almost circular test, and
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vox, 77the chambers are much embracing. European Glohulina inaegualishas a compressed and rounded test, but not as regularly circular asthe Japanese species. A young stage of Sigmomorphina semitedaresembles the present species, but it is more compressed and invariablyelongated.Distribution.?G. D. Hanna and M. A. Hanna described the presentspecies from the Eocene in Lewis County, Wash. Japanese speci-mens are from shore sand, Kobama (Sea of Japan), Province ofEchizen. We have a few specimens which are very similar to thepresent species from various European Tertiary deposits : Pliocene ofCastel Arquato, Italy; Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin deI'Eglise, Saucats, France; and Eocene, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves),France. A specimen from the Tortugas, off Florida in 11 fathoms,is also very similar.GLOBULINA DENTIMARGINATA (Chapman)Plate 15, figures 10 a, bPolymorphina concava Williamson var. dentimarginata Chapman, Quart.Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 50, 1894, p. 717, pi. 34, fig. 14 a, h.?Jones andChapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL, vol. 25, 1896, p. 514, figs. 35 a, h (intext).
"Test adherent, flat on the attached and convex on the oppositeface, subovate in outline, and sharply pointed at both ends on theupper and lower surfaces, in the central area of the test, is exhibiteda regular Polymorphine series, consisting of five chambers on theupper surface, and surrounding this is a secondary or later growth ofshell material, depauperate and thin, which appears to turn back uponthe under surface, forming the adherent portion. The thin outerflangelike portion of the test shows the septation of five flattenedsegments. The delicate margin of the test is broken up into a finepectinate edge, and by careful observation the surface is seen to bestudded sparsely with minute prickles. Length, one thirty-eighthinch (0.65 mm.); width, one eighty-fifth inch (0.30 mm.)."We have no specimen representing the present species. Consid-ered from the original figures and descriptions, Glohulina dentimar-ginata is quite different from Sigmomorpha concava in its arrangementof chambers and can be safely separated as a good species. Thearrangement of chambers of the present species appears to be abnormalfrom that of a regular Glohulina, considering this from the arrange-ment of chambers, and it seems to be a specialized globular species ofQuadrulina, but we can not say anything definite without examiningthe original specimen. Therefore the present species is provisionallyincluded in Glohulina. The above description is copied in full fromthe original.Chapman's specimens were from the Cretaceous, Bargate beds ofSurrey, England.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 73GLOBULINA PEISCA ReussPlate 12, figures 6 a-cGlobuUna prisca Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863),p. 79, pi. 9, fig. 8.Polymorphina acuta Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Ak. Umiej. Krako-wie, vol. 9, 1875, p. 120, pi. 1, fig. 13.Polymorphina fusiformis Chapman (not Roemer), Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc,1896, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 9 (not fig. 10).Test elongate, fusiform, more or less compressed, acuminate towardboth ends; chambers elongate, tapering to the base, arranged in analmost triserial series; sutures but little depressed; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length, 0.50-0.80 mm.; breadth, 0.25-0.35 mm.; thickness, 0J.8-0.27 mm.This is one of the more common species among the CretaceousPolymorphinidae. It resembles compressed Glohulina minuta in theTertiary, with which it may be confused, but Glohulina prisca isalways compressed and usually very slender, its later chambers gen-erally coming down almost to the base, while in Glohulina minuta thetest is as a rule typically fusiform with a circular section and the laterchambers removed farther from the base.As Olszewsld's Polymorphina acuta is not well drawn, we can notbe positive without seeing the types, but it seems to be very close toGlohulina prisca.Distribution.?This species is fairly common in the Cretaceous ofEurope and America. We have specimens as follows
:
Cretaceous.?England, Cambridge greensand, Saxon Cement Works,Cambridge ; chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge and Folke-stone; lower Gault, Barnwell pit, Cambridge, and bed VI, Gault ofFolkestone. Germany, upper Senonian. Dasbeck b. Hanover, West-phalia. Mexico, numerous specimens from Upper Cretaceous,Velasco shale. Hacienda El Limon, west of Panuco.GLOBULINA INAEQUAHS ReussPlate 18, figures 2-4GlobuUna inaequalis Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, 1850,p. 377, pi. 48, fig. 9.GlobuUna discreta Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, 1850, p.378, pi. 48, fig. 10.GlobuUna amplectens Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 81,pi. 6, fig. 44.GlobuUna inflata Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch Geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 81, pi.6, fig. 45.GlobuUna amygdaloides Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p.82, pi. 6, fig. 47.Polymorphina amygdaloides Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1,1870, p. 486.? V. ScHLicHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 27, figs.7-9, 10-12.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77Guttulina diluia Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 12, 1860,p. 160, pi. 6, fig. 11 o, 6, c.Polymorphina pauperata Terquem, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, s6r. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 38, pi. 3 (8), figs. 11 a-19.Glohulina translucida d'Orbignt, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No.25.
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Terquem, M^m. Soc. G6ol. France, s6t. 3, vol. 2, 1882, p. 131, pi.13 (21), fig. 31 a, b.Polymorphina translucida Fornasini, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5,vol. 10, 1902, p. 52, fig. 51.Test ovate, more or less compressed, broadly rounded at the base,tapering toward the apex; chambers few, inflated, much overlapping,arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures very slightly if at alldepressed, distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate.Length, 0.50-0.85 mm.; breadth, 0.45-0.85 mm.; thickness, 0.25-0.50 mm.As in the case of Glohulina gibba, many different specific names aregiven to divergent forms of the globular, but compressed variety ofGlohulina, among which Glohulina inaequalis Reuss has the priority.Glohulina discreta Reuss reported in 1850 from the same locality asthe present variety seems to us an abnormal form of the typical.Reuss's several names given to the middle Oligocene compressedGlobulinas are considered by the authors, after the examination of agreat number of topotype specimens to be nothing but individualvariations of one species, and they are placed with the MioceneGlohulina inaequalis. Bornemann's Guttulina diluta has a roundedtest and is not at all compressed. It might appear to be more reason-able to put it in Glohulina gibba than in inaequalis, but we consider itan abnormal form of the present species, having the later chambersnot fully developed.Glohulina translucida, named by d'Orbigny and illustrated muchlater by Terquem as well as by Fornasini, in its every respect is iden-tical with the present species. Guttulina nitida d'Orbign}^, figuredby Fornasini, is doubtlessly related to the present one, as it has ratherelongate chambers.Distribution.?Our material includes the following localities
:
i^ecgri^.?Mediterranean, shore sand, Rimini. Pacific, Australia,Torquay, on Bass Strait, Victoria. New Zealand, off Poor KnightsIslands, 60 fathoms; off the Big King, 98 fathoms.Pliocene.-?United States, Santa Barbara, Calif. England, Crag,Sutton.Miocene.?France, Helvetian, Moulin du Minoy, Salles; Aquitaniansuperieur. La Brede, Larriey; St. Avit, near Mont de Marson; Burdi-galien superieur, Pont Gourguet, Saucats; Burdigalien moyen, LeCoquillat, Leognan; St. Paul de Dax, Dax; Burdigalien inferieur,Moulin de i'Eglise, Saucats. Germany, Dingden, near Bochaft,Westphalia. Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz,
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 75Nussdorf, Vienna; Vosiau, Vienna. Hungary, Tortonian, Varpolata;Kostej, Banat; Lapugy. United States, Yellow River, Fla., three-fourths mile east of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatai, near Cassel; Doberg near Biinde;Wiesloch, near Heidelberg; Lobsann; Flonheim, Mainz Basin;Hermsdorf, near Berlin; Cothen; Diisseldorf, Ratigen; Oeding.France, Stampien, Jeurs (Seine et Oise). United States, Byrammarl, Byram, Miss.; southwest bank of Chickasawhay River, 500feet west of bridge, 2K miles south of Waynesboro, Miss.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Parens (Les Boves); Lutetien, Grignon,Chaussy; Damery. England, Bracklesham bed XVII, WhiteCliff Bay, Isle of Wight; from Bracklesham material washed up onbeach at Selsey; Thanetian, bed B, Pegwell Bay. Belgium, lowerEocene, Wansin. Germanj^, Hanover, upper Bavaria. Hungary,Neustift, Ofen. United States, Jacksonian, three-fourths mile belowRobinson's Ferry, Sabine River, Sabine County, Tex., Cooper marl,pit on United States Highway No. 17,1 mile south of Moncks Corner,Berkeley County, S. C; Claibornian, Vincentown, N. J.; Midwayan,Tex. GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss var. CARIBAEA d OrbignyPlate 18, figures 5, 6GlobuUna caribaea d'Orbigny, in de la Sagi'a., Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, vol. 61840, p. 130, pi. 2, figs. 7, 8.Polymorphina leprosa Reuss, Sitz. Akad, Wiss. Wien, vol. 55, pt. 1, 1867p. 89, pi. 4, fig. 3.Polymorphina horrida Kaerer, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsanst, vol. 91877, p. 385, pi. 16&, fig. 46.Polymorphina asperella Karrer, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsanst, vol. 91877, p. 385, pi. 16b, fig. 47.GlobuUna hispida Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882, p131, pi. 13 (21), fig. 32.Polymorphina spinosa Sidebottom, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. PhiloeSoc, vol. 51, no. 9, 1907, p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 10, 11.Polymorphina lactea Cushman, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. No. 3111922, p. 34, pi. 4, figs. 10, 11.Variety differing from the typical, the wall ornamented, wholly orpartly, Vt^ith fine short spines.Length 0.45-0.50 mm.; breadth 0.38-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.22-0.25mm.D'Orbignj^'s original specimen is lost. We have studied thematerial dredged from off Cuba and adjacent areas, and obtainedseveral specimens close to GlobuUna caribaea, but in which the spinyornamentation covers the entire surface and the sutures are not asmuch depressed as shown in the figure of GlobuUna caribaea aswell as described by d'Orbigny. But the surface ornamentation ofany species of the Polymorphinidae is subject to variation; thereforewe have placed our specimens under d'Orbignj/'s species.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vot. 77Polymor'phina rugosa, described in the same paper by d'Orbigny,has an abnormally enlarged but compressed last chamber. Althoughtreated by d'Orbigny as a distinct species from Globulina caribaea, weconsider it better to include it in that species.There are many other names given to ornamented, compressedforms of Globulina by various authors, of which Polymorphina leprosaReuss, recorded from the Miocene (Salzthone) in Galicia, is a formwith more or less depressed sutures and the surface marked withroughly scattered spines.Polymorphina asperella Karrer and Globulina hispida Terquem arecharacterized by fine spines uniformly distributed, while in Polymor-phina horrida Karrer, having one extra chamber, the spines are muchstouter, giving the rough appearance to the surface.Globulina caribaea is often found attached to shells by its flattenedsurface.Distribution.?Often found in various Tertiary deposits, as well as inRecent shallow-water dredgings. Our specimens were obtained fromthe following localities
:
Recent.?Atlantic, numerous stations off the Dry Tortugas, Fla.,10-18 fathoms; beach sand, Newport, R. L; Albatross D2112, 15.5fathoms, and D2262, 250 fathoms, east coast of United States.Miocene.?France, Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan;Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves); Lutetien, Grignon;Courtagnon; Damery.GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss var. DOLLFUSSI Cushman and Ozawa. new varietyPlate 18, figure 7Variety differing from the typical form in its attached state.Holotype: Length, 0.55 mm.; breadth, 0.47 mm.; thickness, 0.27mm.Holotype oj variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11547.) From the Miocene,lower Burdigalien, Le Coquillat, Leognan, near Bordeaux, France.This variety is named for Professor Dollfuss of Paris.GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss var. SPINATA Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 17, figures 1 a, bVariety differing from the typical in its attached state and spinysurface.Holotype: Length, 0.3-0 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.16mm.Holotype ofvariety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11546.) Found in the upperOligocene at Cassel, Ahnatal, Germany.
ABT.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 77GLOBULINA LACEIMA ReussPlate 19, figures 1, 2Polymorphina {GlobuUna) lacrima Reuss, Die Verstein. bohm. Kreide.1845, p. 40, pi. 12, fig. 6; pi. 13, fig. 83.?Egger, Abhandl. kon. baj^Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, CI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899, p. 125, pi. 17, figs39, 40.GlobuUna lacrima Reuss, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol 4, 1851, p. 27, pi. 4fig. 9.GlobuUna lacrynia Alth, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 3, 1850, p. 263, pi13, fig. 16.Polymorphina gibba Chapman (not d'Orbigny), Journ. Roy. Micr. See, 1896p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 5.
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Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. MiinchenCI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899, p. 128, pi. 17, figs. 19, 20.?Franke, Abhandlgeol. pal. Instit. Univ. Greifswald, vol. 6, 1925, p. 76, pi. 6, fig. 15 a, b.?CusHMAN, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 604, pi. 20figs. 8, 15.
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Franke, Danmarks Geol. Unders. II, Raekke, No. 46, 1927p. 32, pi. 3, fig. 9.Polymorphina longicollis Karrer, Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, vol. 201870, p. 181, pi. 2, fig. 11.Polymorphina gutta Chapman (not d'Orbigny), Journ. Roy. Micr. See, 1896p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 7. Franke (not d'Orbigny), Danmarks Geol. Unders,II, Raekke, No. 46, 1927, p. 33, pi. 3, fig. 11.Polymorphina laclea Egger (not Walker and Jacob), Ber. nat. Ver. Passau,1907, p. 40, pi. 4, fig. 24.Test subglobular, the base broadly rounded, apertural end producedand regularly acuminate, the sides straight and not concave, typicallyrounded in end view; chambers few, extending back almost to thebase; sutures not depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate, sHghtlyproduced.Length, 0.55-0.75 mm.; breadth, 0.40-0.55 mm.; thickness, 0.40-0.55 mm.We do not deny that the Cretaceous GlobuUna lacrima is very closeto and almost identical with Tertiary and Recent GlobuUna gibba.If, however, we should examine GlobuUna lacrima, or CretaceousGlobuUna gibba identified by other authors, we would be surprised tofind all specimens constant in their characters. The apertural endis definitely produced. The Cretaceous specimens of both Europeand America that we have examined are constant in this character.Among Tertiary and Recent GlobuUna gibba there are some whichhave a produced aperture as in GlobuUna gibba var. pyrula Egger, butin this case the side is always concave instead of straight as in G.lacrima. Polymorphina longicollis Karrer is described as having acompressed test, and may be distinct from the present species. Poly-morphina ovulata Dunikowski, judging from the figure, appears to bea young stage of Marginulina; but if it be GlobuUna, it would berelated to GlobuUna lacrima.DistribuUon.?The geological range seems to be limited. Wehave specimens from the Cretaceous, both of America and Europe.The localities are: England, chalk marl, Folkestone; Saxon Cement
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Works, Cambridge. France, clialk, Bougival. Germany, Galling,near Siegsdorf, Upper Bavaria; Dasbeck, Stemmerberg, and Rinke-rode, Westphalia; Merkinghaven, near Ilenrichburg, Westphalia.Trinidad, "Lizard Spring. Mexico, Velasco shale. Hacienda ElLimon, Vera Cruz. United States, Navarro formation, clay pit, 3miles south of Corsicana, Tex.GLOBULINA LACRIMA Eeuss var. SUBSPHAEEICA (Berthelin)Plate 19, figures 5-7Polymorphina subsphaerica Berthelin, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3,vol. 1, 1880, p. 58, pi. 4, fig. 18 a, b.Polymorphina gibba Jones and Cpiapman (not d'Orbigny), Journ. Linn.Soc. Zool., vol. 25, 1896, p. 609, fig. 5 (in text).Variety dififering from the typical in the slightly compressed test,which is more rounded at the base than at the apertural end.Length 0.33-0.45 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.30 mm.This variety of the Cretaceous is a slightly compressed Globulinalacrima with a rounded base. Somewhat similar forms can be foundamong the Tertiary and Recent Globulina gibba, but like the typicalform of Globulina lacrima, the variety keeps its definite character,so far as we have examined specimens from the Cretaceous, both ofEurope and America.Distribution.?We have specimens representing the followingCretaceous localities: England, lowxr Gault, Barnwell pit, Cam-bridge; brickyard, Cambridge. Germany, Stemmerberg, West-phalia; Galling, near Siegsdorf, Upper Ba.varia; Turonian, Hinter-Fessen, near Pirna. United States, Navarro formation, clay pit,3 miles south of Corsicana, Tex.; core at Mexia, 248-455'. Ripleyformation, 3^2 miles northeast of Ripley Bluff, on Owl Creek, Miss.Mexico, Velasco shale, Hacienda El Limon, Vera Cruz.GLOBULINA LACEIMA Eeuss var. EEICIA Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 19, figure 4Polymorphina gutta Jones and Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 25,1896, p. 513, fig. 29 (in text).
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Chapman, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc,1896, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 8.Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test,consisting of scattered, stout, blunt spines, often unequally distributed.Holotype: Length, including spines, 0.65 mm.; breadth 0.40 mm.Holotype oj variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11574.) From the chalkmarl of Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge England. Paratype incollection of Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo,Japan.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEKA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 79The variety can be compared with Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var.tuberculata d'Orbigny in its stout spiny ornamentation, but the formof the test and the tapering apertural end will distinguish the two.GLOBULINA LACRIMA Reuss var. HORRIDA ReussPlate 19, figure 3Globulina horrida Retjss, Verstein. Bohm. Kreide, pt. 2, 1845-46 (1846),p. 110, pi. 43, fig. 14; Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, 1851, p. 27,pi. 4, fig. 8.
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Jones and Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL, vol. 25,1896, p. 510, fig. 10 (in text); p. 511, fig. 16 (in text).Polymorphina horrida Eggek, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen,CI. II, vol. 21, pt. 1, 1899, p. 130, pi. 17, fig. 16.Aulostomella pediculus Alth, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 3, 1850, p.264, pi. 13, fig. 17.Polymorphina orbignii Weller (not Zborzewski), Geol. Surv. New Jersey,Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 252, pi. 3, fig. 26.Variety differing from the typical in having the surface finelyspinose and usually the apertural end fistulose.Length 0.40-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.22-0.30 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.30 mm.This variety occurs with the typical form in the Cretaceous ofEurope and America and is to be distinguished from the typicalform mainly by the two characters, the ornamentation of the surfaceand the peculiar arrangement of the fistulose outgrowths which aresomewhat regularly stellate.Distribution.?We have specimens from the following Cretaceouslocalities : Germany, Galling, near Siegsdorf , Upper Bavaria. England,Cambridge greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge. UnitedStates, Navarro formation, clay pit 3 miles south of Corsicana, Tex.GLOBULINA AMPULLA (Jones)Plate 19, figures 9 a-cPolymorphina ampulla Jones, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 8, 1852, p. 267,pi. 16, fig. 14.Polymorphina gibba d'Orbigny var. ampulla Burrows and Holland,Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. 15, 1897, p. 45, pi. 2, fig. 14.Guttulina nitida d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 17.
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FoRNASiNi, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 6, vol. 9, 1901, p. 70,fig. 22.Polymorphina ladea Chapman (not Walker and Jacob), Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1896, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 3.Polymorphina ladea Plummer (not Walker and Jacob), Bull. 2644, Univ.Texas, 1927, p. 121, pi. 6, figs. 7 a-c.Test oval, pointed at both ends, unequally convex; chambers few,each slightly farther from the base as added; sutures very slightly
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thin, almost transparent, initialend sometimes with spines; aperture very finely radiate, produced.Length 0.40-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.60 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.50 mm.Globulina ampulla has been neglected by later authors probablybecause of its resemblance to Globulina gibba. It is different fromthe latter in its pointed end, often with a spine and slightly depressedsutures which are stronger at the base.Distribution.?Jones described this form from the lower Eocene,Thanetian beds of Pegwell Bay, England. We have specimens fromthe Eocene of France from the Lutetien of Parnes (Les Boves) andVaudancourt. A specimen from the Burdigalien inferieur of Moulinde I'Eglise, Saucats, France, is also referred here with some question.GLOBULINA EXSERTA (Berthelin)Plate 20, figures 2 a-cPolymorphina exserta Berthelin, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, s6r. 3, vol. 1,1880, p. 67, pi. 4, figs. 22 a-23 6.Polymorphina bucculenta Berthelin, M^m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1880, p. 58, pi. 4, figs. 16 a-17 b.Test more or less compressed, oval to ovate, initial end often pro-duced; chambers inflated, earlier ones small, later ones much larger,not much embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures butlittle depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.55-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.23-0.27 mm.Berthelin described two species of Polymorphina: P. exserta, and P.bucculenta which appear to be closely related to each other. Theyhave the early chambers relatively small, the last two large, and showno great difference in important characters. P. bucculenta is ratherunsymmetrical compared with the other, because the last chamberdoes not extend down to the base. P. exserta has a produced initialchamber. Such differences are not important as shown by Berthelin'sfigures of two individuals of P. bucculenta which he considered to beindividual variation.We have many specimens of the present species from both Europeanand North American Cretaceous, and we are convinced that the speciesis variable in the range shown by Berthelin's figures of the above citedspecies.Distribution.?P. exserta is apparently limited to the Cretaceous andis very common in the Lower Cretaceous. The localities of our speci-mens are: Cretaceous, England, chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works,Cambridge; Cambridge greensand, same locality. United States,Goodland formation, near Fort Worth, Tex.
AET. 6 FOEAMINIFERA: FOLYMORPHINIDAE-?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA OlGLOBULINA FLEXA Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 20, figures 1 a-cTest longer than broad, greatest width above the middle, sides notequally convex, base broad but tending to become pointed at themiddle, round in transverse section; chambers few, extending welltoward the base; sutures distinct, doublj^ curved in a sigmoid man-ner, the upper part convex, the basal portion concave; wall smooth,translucent; aperture ra,diate, somewhat extended.Length 0.60-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.32-0.37 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.30 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11,587.) From upper Oligocene,Doberg, near Biinde, Germany.The elongate test and the doubly curved sutures in a sigmoid man-ner are very characteristic of the species, and there is little danger ofconfusing Glohulina jiexa with any other species or varieties of Glohu-lina. The nearest species is Glohulina ampulla, having a broadlyrounded base pointed at the middle as in the present species, butGlohulina jiexa has a longer test with sigmoid, curved sutures.Soldani's Polymorphium pyriformium, compared by d'Orbigny withhis Pyrulina gutta, has an elongate test, and its sutures are curved ina sigmoidal manner and is probably identical with the present species.Distrihution.?We have specimens of this striking and beautifulforaminifer from the upper Oligocene of Ahnatal, near Cassel, Ger-many. A very similar form occurs in Recent material from DogsBay, Ireland. GLOBULINA GRANULOSA EggerPlate 20, figures 5, 7Polymorphina {Glohulina) granulosa Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg.1857, p. 290, pi. 14, figs. 1, 2.Polymorphina granulosa H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 238, pi. 41, figs. 26 a, b.Glohulina grateloupi d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 23.Polymorphina {Glohulina) grateloupi Fornasini, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902,p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 6.Glohulina elongata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 24.Polymorphina {Glohulina) elongata Fornasini, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902,p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 7.Test oval, rounded at the initial end, more or less acute toward theaperture, nearly circular in end view; chambers few, arranged in analmost triserial series, the last-formed one generally much removedfrom the base; sutures not depressed, often indistinct; wall fairlythick, ornamented by numerous fine longitudinal costae not greatlyraised, independent of the sutures and close together; aperture broad,radiate, slightly produced.Length, 0.50-0.65 mm.; breadth, 0.30-0.42 mm.; thickness, 0.30-0.40 mm.92709?30 6
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol 77Polymorphina granulosa Egger seems to be closer to Glohulina striatain general features, especially in its shape, but the paratype specimenof the latter examined by us is an ornamented Glohulina gibba, andthe test is not elongated as in Polymorphina granulosa.D'Orbigny's Globulina grateloupi and Globulina elongata, both fromDax and figured by Fornasini, coincide in their general features withthe present species; the differences are the more acuminate aperturalend and slightly compressed test. We have examined a large numberof specimens from Dax and Bordeaux which are referable to Globulinagrateloupi or G. elongata, and found that most specimens are closer toEgger's Globulina granulosa.Globulina granulosa is distinguished from other related GlobuUnasby its elongate test.Distribution.?The species is rather common in European youngerTertiary deposits. Our specimens represent the following localities:Miocene.?France, Burdigalien superieur, Pont Pourguet, Saucats;Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; St. Paul de Dax, Dax;Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de d'Eglise, Saucats. Germany,Ortenberg. GLOBULINA GKANULOSA Egger var. POLITA (Terduem)Plate 21, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina polita Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882,p. 139, pi. 14 (22), figs. 23-25.?H. B. Brady, Pakkeb, and Jones,Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. 12, 1888, p. 224, pi. 44, fig. 11.Gutiulina laevigata d'Orbignt, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 19.?
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Fornasini, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 6, vol. 5, 1908,p. 43, pi. 1, figs. 10, 10 a, 10 h.Polymorphina pupa d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No. 9.
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Fornasini, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902, p. 2, pi. 7. fig. 3.Variety differing from the typical in its surface, which is smooth.Among the figures of Polymorphina polita Terquem from the Eoceneof Vaudancourt, at least figure 25 can be included in the presentvariety. His figure 24 shows a specimen having the last chambermuch farther removed from the base and the Figure 23 having thechamber still more removed. We place them under this variety withsome doubts. Polymorphina obscura d'Orbigny, figured by Terquem,resem.bles figure 23 of Polymorphina polita, the difference being onlyin the compressed test. D'Orbigny 's Guttulina laevigata, figured byFornasini, is probably a shorter form of the present variety.Length, 0.40-0.80 mm.; breadth, 0.23-0.55 mm.; thickness, 0.20-0.50 mm.Distribution.?We have specimens from the following localities:Pliocene.?England, Crag of Sutton (?). Italy, Castel Arquato.Miocene.?France, Aquitanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont deMarsan; Burdigalien moyen, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Burdigalien
AST. 6 FOEAMINIFERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 83inferieur, Moulin de FEglise, Saucats. Austria, Tortonian, Strei-bersdorf; Voslau, near Baden, Vienna Basin.Oligocene.?Upper, Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel. Lower, Latt-dorf (?).Eocene.?Italy, Bartonian, Val di Lonte (?).GLOBULINA MINUTA (Roemer)Plate 20, figures 3, 4Polymorphina rninuid Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f . Min., etc., 1838, p. 386, pi. 3,fig. 35.?Reuss. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 486.?V. ScHLiCHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 27, figs. 13-15; pi. 25,figs. 51-66.?BoBNEMANN, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. GeselL, vol. 7, 1855,p. 344, pi. 17, fig. 3.Polymorphina {Gutiulina) aff. minima Andreae, Abhandl. Geol. Special-Karte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1884, p. 118, pi. 9, fig. 16.Polymorphina similis Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1856 (1856)p. 249, pi. 7, fig. 79.Polymorphina sororia Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 48, pt. 1, 1863, p67, pi. 7, figs. 72 (?), 73, 74; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., ser. 2, vol. 151863, p. 151, pi. 2, fig. 25 (not 26-29).Polymorphina gracilis Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p486.?V. ScHLicHT, Foram. Septar. PietzpuM, 1870, pi. 31, figs. 34-3742, 45-49; pi. 32, figs. 5-16, 27, 28.Polymorphina acuta Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p486.?V. ScHLicHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 27, figs. 19-21pi. 29, figs. 15, 16, 43-46.Polymorphina laciea Burrows, Sherborn, and Bailey (not Walker andJacob), Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1890, p. 561, pi. 11, figs. 9, 10.
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EggerAbhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p308, pi. 9, figs. 8, 14, 15.?Mills, Trans. Hull. Sci. & Field Nat. Clubvol. 1, 1900, p. 149, pi. 11, fig. 33.Polymorphina laciea elongate variet}', Weller, Geol. Surv. New JerseyPaleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 251, pi. 3, figs. 24-25.Test fusiform, pointed at both ends, circular to elliptical in sectionchambers few, elongate, each some distance from the base; suturesdistinct, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate, pointed.Length 0.50-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.35mm.This is an elongate, fusiform Globulina, having the chambers ar-ranged as in Globulina gibba. Globulina similis, described as havingseven chambers, may represent the microspheric form of the presentspecies. It has a slightly compressed test and is placed as intermedi-ate between Bornemann's Globulina minima and Roemer's Globulinaminuta. The latter two forms may be considered to represent bothextremes in the degree of the compression of the test. Among Poly-morphina gracilis Reuss, which name is given to Schlicht's figures,there are some which can be included .in Globulina minuta. Theyare the figures 5-8 and 27, 28 in Plate 32.
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Very distinct characters are lacking to make this a well-definedspecies. Early stages of other Polymorphinidae are often ver}^similar to this and may be confused with it.Distribution.?Our specimens, some of them referred very question-ably to this species, are from the follow ing localities
:
Recent.?Tripoli.Pliocene.?Fiji.Miocene.?Hungary, Lapugy.Oligocene.?German}^, Diisseldorf; Sollingen; Ceding.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Grignon; Chaussj^. Italy, Bartonian,Val di Lonte. Belgium, Wansin. United States, Jacksonian, eastbank of Sepuiga River, 6^ miles north of Brooklyn, Conecuh County,Ala. Trinidad, Cipero section.GLOBULINA GRAVIS (Karrer)Plate 21, figures 2 a-cPohjmor'phina gravis Karrer, Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichsaastalt, vol. 20, 1870,p. 181, pi. 2, fig. 12.Test ovate, rounded at the base, acute at the apertural end; cham-bers inflated, oval, arranged in a nearly triserial series ; sutures slightlydepressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Figured specimen length 1.10 mm.; breadth 0.60 mm.; thickness0.50 mm.Globulina gravis, in its general features, resembles Globulina rotun-data, but it has more elongated chambers, and the test is very acutetoward the apertural end. It is evidently related to Globulina lacrima,while Globulina rotundata is derived from Globulina gibba.Distribution.?Globulina gravis is limited to the Cretaceous. Wehave specimens from Maastricht, Holland, and from the Cambridgegreensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England.GLOBULINA AMPLA (Karrer)Plate 21, figure 5Polymorphina ampla Karrer, Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, vol. 20, 1870,p. 181, pi. 2, fig. 13.Test oval, somewhat rounded at both ends; chambers few, slightlylonger than wide, embracing, arranged in a nearly triserial series, eachsucceeding chamber more or less removed from the base; sutures notdepressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Figured specimen, length 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.; thickness0.40 mm.The present species is described as having a coarse test which wouldprobably be affected by fossilization. Our specimen obtained fromthe uppermost Cretaceous at Maastricht is very similar to Karrer'sspecies in general features, but the wall is smooth. It may represent
AET.6 FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMANANDOZAWA 85
a Cretaceous form corresponding to Tertiary Globulina rotundata,which has almost the same featm'es.GLOBULINA CONSOBKINA (Fornasini)Plate 21, figures 6 a-cPolymorphina sororia Rbuss var. consobrina Fornasini, Mem. Istit. BolognaAccad. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 18, 1900-1902, p. 69, fig. 21 (in text).Test typically fusiform, pointed at both extremities; chambersrounded, arranged in an almost triserial series; sutures depressed butlittle, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.60-1.25 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.90 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.60 mm.Globulina consobrina is closel^v related to Globulina rotundata, butits initial end is acuminate.Distribution.?Rather common in European young Tertiary de-posits. Fornasini's figured specimen was obtained from the Plio-cene of Siena. We have specimens from the following locaUties
:
Miocene.?Hungary, Tortonian, Varpolata. Austria, Tortonian,Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, Vienna. France.St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, Helvetian, Moulin de Minoy, Salles;Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de TEglise, Saucats.GLOBULINA MiJNSTERI (Reuss)Plate 22, figures 3 a-cPolymorphina munsteri Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1866 (1856),p. 249, pi.. 8, fig. 80.Polymorphina ovulum Retjss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),p. 250, pi. 8, fig. 83.Polymorphina amygdaloides Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855(1856), p. 250, pi. 8, fig. 84.
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Burrows and Holland, Proc. Geol.Assoc, vol. 15, 1897, p. 46, pi. 2, fig. 18.Polymorphina communis d'Orbigny var. etrusca Fornasini, Mem. Accad.Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902, p. 70, fig. 23 (in text).Polymorphina obtusa d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No. 1.
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Fornasini, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 146, fig. 4 (in text).Polymorphina gibba Burrows, Sherborn, and Bailey, Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1890, p. 561, pL 11, fig. 13.Test ovate to oval, more or less compressed, rounded at the base;chambers rather elongated, embracing, arranged in a nearly over-lapping, triserial series; sutures not depressed, generally distinct;wall smooth, often with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.Length 0.45-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.50 mm. ; thickness 0.18-0.38mm.In 1856 Eeuss described three species of compressed and o alGlobulina from the German Oligocene. They are Polymorphinamunsteri, P. amygdaloides, and P. ovulum, of which the second is the
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voi. 77most compressed, but does not show any difference in its arrange-ment of chambers from the first. Of the last species, two differentspecimens are figured from the same side, and the figures show noimportant difference from the other two species.Polymorphina communis var, etrusca Fornasini has an ovate testwith broadly rounded base, but the arrangement of its chambers andthe compressed test are the same as those of the present species, andit can be safely put in the synonymy.Polymorphina obtusa d'Orbigny, figured by Fornasini, has almostthe same appearance as Fornasini's Polymorphina etrusca, and we haveno reason to separate them. On the other hand, d'Orbigny's speciesfigured by Terquem is from the figure a 4-chambered specimen,having rather rounded chambers arl-anged in an alternating almostuniserial series. It seems to be quite distinct from the specimenfigured by Fornasini. According to Terquem's description, hisPolymorphina obtusa has a compressed test. In this point it differsfrom Pyrulina. It is impossible for us to place his species in anyknown species.Distribution.?Our material ranges from Miocene to Upper Eoceneas follows:Miocene.?France, Helvetian, Pontlevoy. Hungary, Tortonian,Varpolata. Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina. marl, Grunes Kreuz,Nussdorf, Vienna. Germany, Ortenburg.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel. Mexico, Tampico-Panuco Railroad, kilometer post 20.9, Vera Cruz; near Cuesta Blanca,Zacamixtle, Vera Cruz.Eocene.?France, Bartonian, Le Guepelle (Seine et Oise).United States, Alabama, Jacksonian, road from Perdue Hill to Clai-borne, Munroe County; on small stream entering Conecuh River, 1mile east of Beck, Covington County; east bank Sepulga River, ?,%miles northeast of Brooklyn, Conecuh County, Ga., on old Waynes-boro Road, 5 miles north of Millen, Jenkins County.GLOBULINA ROTUNDATA (BorncHiann)Plate 21, figures 3, 4Guttulina rotundata Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7,1855, p. 346, pi. 18, fig. 3.Polymorphina rotundata H. B. Brady, Parkier, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 234, pi. 40, figs. 19 a-e; Woodcuts k, I, m.?R. B.Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878, p. 435, pi. 20, figs.6 a, b.?SiDEBOTTOM, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc, vol. 151,No. 9, 1907, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 18.Guttulina fracta Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7, 1855,p. 344, pi. 17, fig. 4.Guttulina incurva Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7, 1855,p. 345, pi. 17, fig. 6.
AKT.6 FOEAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 87Guttulina globosa Bornemann, Zeitschr. deiitsch. geol. GeselL, vol. 7, 1855,p. 346, pi. 18, fig. 1.Guttulina obtusa Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. GeselL, vol. 7, 1855,p. 346, pi. 18, fig. 2.Guttulina turgida Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),p. 246, pi. 6, fig. 66.Polymorphina turgida Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870,p. 487.?V. ScHLicHT, Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 28, figs. 6-10;pi. 29, figs. 1-5.Globulina subalpina GtJMBEL, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen,CI. II, vol. 10, 1870, p. 646, pi. 2, fig. 80 a, b.Polymorphina subcruciata Terquem, M6m. Soc. G^ol. France, s6r. 3, vol. 2,1882, p. 140, pi. 14 (22), figs. 26, 27.Test ellipsoidal or ovoid to cylindrical, rounded at the base, slightlyproduced at the apertural end; chambers rounded, almost as long asbroad, arranged in a nearly triserial series, each succeeding chamberremoved much farther from the base, rarely becoming almost uni-serial in the last chamber; sutures but little depressed, generallydistinct; wall smooth, thick, often with fistuiose tubes; apertureradiate.Length 0.45-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.60 mm. ; thickness 0.25-0.55mm.In their monograph of the genus Polymorphina, H. B. Brady,Parker, and Jones united many compact, oval species of the Poly-morphinidae described by Bornemann in 1855 from the Septaria clayof Hermsdorf under the name Polymorphina rotundata. This wasselected by them because it represented the best-developed specimenin spite of the earliest name among their synonyms, which is Guttulinafracta.The present species is almost circular in section; therefore itsfigures show more or less differences according to the position of thespecimen drawn. For example, Bornemann's Guttulina obtusa, judg-ing from his figures, has almost the same cylindrical test as his G.rotundata, but in its sutures appears to be quite different from thelatter. Bornemann's Guttulina globosa (1855), although it has thetest more inflated at the base, presents the same feature of thesutures as his Guttulina obtusa, so far as shown by the figures. Thedifference of shape can be considered to be within the range of usualvariation. Terquem's Polymorphina subcruciata and d'Orbigny'sPolymorphina pupa, figured by Fornasini, are also related to thepresent group.Reuss's Guttulina turgida from the Oligocene of Luithorst has thelater chambers each much farther removed from the base as inGlobulina rotundata, though it has almost an oval test.The present species as above described has a tendencj^ to add thelater chambers in a more or less uniserial series, as is shown in Borne-mann's Guttulina fracta and G. incurva, of which the latter appears to
88 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77be an abnormal form, because its last chamber is added on the sameside as the former one. Such an abnormality often occurs in thePolymorphinidae
.
Distribution.?Fairly common in the various European Tertiarydeposits, although it occurs in other continents and as a Recentspecies.Recent.?Tripoli.Pliocene.?England, Crag of Sutton.Miocene.?France, Helvetian, Pontlevoy; Moulin de Minoy,Salles; Aquitanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marson;Burdigalien superieur, Merignac; Burdigalien moyen, Le CoquUlat,Leognan. Hungary, Tortonian, Varpolata (very abundant); La-pugy. Austria, Perchtoldsdorf, near Vienna. United States, Choc-tawhatchee formation, 1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel; Hermsdorf, nearBerlin; Hildesheimer Wald, Dickholzen; Doberg, near Biinde.Eocene.?England, Bracklesham bed XVIII, White Cliff Bay, Isleof Wight; Thanetian, Pegwell Bay. France, Lutetien, Grignon.Belgium, lower Eocene, Wansin. United States, Cooper marl, dumpheap from Charleston Aqueduct tunnel, 1 mile west of Givhans, Dor-chester County, S. C; pit on United States Highway No. 17, three-fourths mUe west of Moncks Corner, Berkeley County, S. C.GLOBUUNA ROTUNDATA (Bornemann) var. PYRULA (Fornasini)Plate 15, figures 5 a-cPolymorphina rotundata Bornemann var. pyrula Fornasini, Mem. Istit.Bologna Accad. Sci., ser., vol. 9, 1900-1902, p. 67, fig. 19 (in text).Variety differing from the typical in having spines at the initialend.We can not find any specimen like the present variety in ourcollection; therefore we have copied Fornasini's figures here.GLOBULINA TRISERIALIS Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 22, figures 1, 2Test globular to oval, more or less acute toward the initial end,circular in cross section; chambers numerous, rounded, much em-bracing, arranged in an almost triserial series, each succeeding cham-ber farther removed from the base; sutures not depressed, oftenobscured; wall smooth, but often the last-formed chamber finelyspinose; aperture radiate.Length 0.40-0.70 mm.; breadth 0.33-0.45 mm.; thickness 0.28-0.35 mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11653.) From the Miocene,Helvetien, Salles, Moulin de Minoy, France.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 89The present Glohulina is a many chambered species. Its chambersare rounded and short, each succeeding one is removed from the base,and accordingly the test is becoming more or less oval and approach-ing Pyrulina.Distribution.?Found only in the Miocene near Bordeaux. Besidesthe type locality, it occurs in the Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin dePEglise, Saucats, France. GLOBULINA species(?)Plate 22, figures 4 a, 6This peculiar form is figured here for reference. It is Recentfrom Porcupine Station 16 oft" the British Isles.Genus PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA UGUA (Roemer)Plate 22, figures 5, 6Polymorphina ligua Roemer, Neues Jahrb. ftir Min. etc., 1838, p. 385, pi. 3,fig. 25.Polymorphina compressa d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 233, pi. 12, figs. 32-34.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 227, pi. 40, figs. 12 c-/.?Schlumberger,Feuille des Jeunes Nat., vol. 12, 1881, pi. 1, fig. 16.?Bagg, U. S. Geol.Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 69, pi. 20, figs. 1-9, 19-21; pi. 21, figs. 9-11.Polym-orphina subcompressa d'Orbigny, Prodrome de Paleont., vol. 3, 1852,p. 159, No. 2976.GuttuUna elongata Karrer, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861(1862), p. 448, pi. 2, fig. 3.Polymorphina amoena Karrer, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 9, 1877,p. 385, pi. 16 b, fig. 45.Polymorphina inequalis d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No. 4.
?
FoRNASiNi, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 142, fig. 3 (in text).Test oblong, inequilateral, compressed ; chambers much longer thanwide, slightly inflated, arranged at the start in a quinqueloculineseries, becoming biseriai later, each succeeding chamber much fartherfrom the base; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth,rather thick; aperture radiate.
? Length 0.65-2.10 mm.; breadth 0.42-0.80 mm.; thickness 0.28-0.50 mm.Polymorphina ligua has long been neglected by later authors.Reuss in 1864 compared the species with Polymorphina acuta andsaid that they may be identical but Polymorphina acuta is not aPolymorphina, but a Virgulina (examined by Ozawa). H. B. Brady,Parker, and Jones put it in the synonymy of Polymorphina complanata,with doubt.We examined material from the type locality, Oligocene of Cassel,and found specimens like the figure given by Roemer. Our specimenresembles Polyw.orphina compressa d'Orbigny, from the Vienna
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Basin (the specific name was changed by d'Orbigny to subcompressabecause it is preoccupied by PhilHps), and we can find no reason forseparating them.Holotype specimens of Guttulina elongata and Polymorphina amoena,both described by Karrer from Nussdorf in the Vienna Basin, wereexamined by Ozawa, who found that they are nothing but Poly-morphina subcompressa d'Orbigny. They should be included inPseudopolymorphina ligua.The original specimen of Polymorphia compressa is lost and theparatype specimens are mostly Virgulina with one specimen resem-bling the figure of Polymorphina compressa.Polymorphina inequalis d'Orbigny, figured hj Fornasini in 1900,has a rather broad test, but it is not different from the present speciesin other respects.Distribuiion.?Pseudopolymorphina ligua is rare in the Oligocene,but common in various Miocene and Pliocene deposits in Europe.We have specimens from the following localities:Pliocene.?Belgium, Crag noir, Antwerp. England, Crag, Sutton;Aldeburg, Suffolk.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz,Nussdorf, near Vienna.Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel.PSEUDOPOLYMOKPHINA NOVANGLIAE (CnsJiman)Plate 23, figures 1, 2Polymorphina lactea (Walker and Jacob) var. novangliae Cushman, Bull.104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 146, pi. 39, figs. 6-8.Test elongated, more or less compressed, tapering toward the base,either acute or obtuse at the initial end; chambers longer than broad,embracing, arranged at first in a nearty contraclockwise, quin-queloculine series, later becoming more or less biserial; sutures butlittle depressed, generally distinct; wall smooth, often mth fistulosetubes at the apertural end; aperture radiate.Length 1.15-1.95 mm.; breadth 0.55-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.35 mm.The present species differs from Pseudopolymorphina ligua in therounded chambers and slightly depressed sutures which give thetest a more compact appearance. Its more or less quinqueloculinearrangement of the early chambers is always contraclockwise insteadof clockv/ise, as in P. ligua. Its apertural end is often covered byfistulose tubes. Williamson's Polymorphina lactea var. acuminata isan elongated test having an acute initial end, and the arrangement ofchambers is similar to that of the present species and is closely relatedto it.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAB?CtrSHMANANDOZAWA 91Distribution.?This species is apparently confined to the cold waterof the American side of the Atlantic, very abundant off the NewEngland coast. Our specimens are from the following localities:Bay on east coast (south of Black Whale Harbor, Hudson Bay),10 fathom_s; Gaspe Bay, 10-40 fathoms; Cobscook Bay; off TrialsIsland, Eastport, Me.; between Crotch and Stave Islands, CascoBay, Me., 7 fathoms; shore sand, Coffins Beach, Annisquam, Mass.;beach sand, Newport, K. I.; one broken specimen, which may be thisspecies, is from off Iceland. It occurs also at Albatross stations incold water off the New England coast.PSEUDOPOLYMORPKINA SUBOBLONGA Cushamn and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 23, figures 3 a-cTest elongated, the greatest breadth in the upper half, obtuse atthe base, acute at the apertural end; chambers twice as long as wide,inflated, slightly overlapping, arranged at first in a quinqueloculineseries, later becoming biserial; sutures depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.Length 0.90-1.30 mm..; breadth 0.35-0.60 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.35 mm.Holotype.? (Cushman Coll. No. 11663.) From upper Pliocene,Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. Paratypes in collection of Geologi-cal Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.The present species represents an intermediate form betweenQuttulina and Pseudopolymorphina, and the arrangement of chambersis not very definite, but generally begins with a quinqueloculineseries which becomes more or less biserial later. It differs fromPseudopolymorphina ligua, of the European Tertiary in its less regularbiserial arrangement of rather short chambers and depressed sutures.Distribution.?It occurs as an upper Pliocene fossil in Japan and as aliving species off the coast. We have specimens from the followinglocalities
:
Recent.?Albatross D4807, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan, 44 fathoms.Upper Pliocene.?Okuwa. Province of Kaga, and Natsukawa,Province of Echigo, Japan.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA SUBOBLONGA var. JUGOSA Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyPlate 23, figures 4 a, &Variety differing from the typical form in its surface ornamenta-tion, consisting of a few low longitudinal costae running from theinitial end, obscured near the aperture.Length of holotype 1.05 mm.; breadth 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.25mm.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Eolotype of variety.?(Cushman Coil. No. 11665.) From Kabama(Sea of Japan), Province of Eciiizen, Japan. Paratypes in collectionof Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.It does not occur with the typical form and is only found as aRecent form.We have a number of specimens Irom the shore sand at Kobama(Sea of Japan), in Province of Echizen. There is also a Recentspecimen from Albatross Station D5311 in 88 fathoms, China Sea, offHongkong. PSEUDOPOLYMOKPHINA STRIATA (Bagg)Plate 23, figures 5 a-cPolymorphina compressa var. striata Bagg, Marjdand GeoL Survej^, Miocene,1904, p. 476, pi. 133, fig. 2.Polymorphina regina Bagg, Maryland GeoL Survey, Miocene, 1904, p. 478,pi. 133, fig. 7.Polymorphina compressa Bagg, Maryland GeoL Survey, Miocene, 1904, p.476, pi. 133, fig. 1.Test compressed, elongated, base rounded; chambers longer thanbroad, not much embracing, arranged at first in a nearly contra-clockwise, quinqueloculine series, later becoming regularly biserialwith the chambers alternating; sutures slightly depressed, distinct;wall marked with fine longitudinal costae, typically covering theentire test; aperture radiate.Adult specimen, length 1.30-1.60 mm.; breadth 0.42-0.50 mm.;thickness 0.18-0.20 mm.The present species is different from d'Orbigny's Polymorphinacompressa in its arrangement of the early chambers, which is the sameas that of P. novangliae. From P. novangliae it differs in the depressedsutures and more compressed test. The ornamentation of the wallof the test is not always constant, and often a few of the last chambersare without striations.Distribution.?We have abundant specimens of this species fromthe Miocene, Choptank formation, 2% miles below Governor Run,Chesapeake Bay, Md.; from 1 mile below Governor Run, and fromPoint of Rocks, about lYz miles below Flag Pond, Chesapeake Bay,Md. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA SOLDAND (d'Orbigny)Plate 23, figures 6-8Orthoceratia tuberosa Soldani, Testaceographia, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1791, p. 99,pL, fig. 107 n n.Polymorphina soldanii d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No.12.?FoRNASiNi, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 8, 1899-1900 (1900) , p. 388, fig. 38 (in text) .?H. B. Bkadt, Parker, and Jones,Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 235, pi. 40, fig. 20.?Bagg, U. S.GeoL Survey, Bull. 513, 1912, p. 74, pi. 19, fig. S.
ART. 6 FORAMINIPERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 93Polymorphina oblonga Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min. etc., 1838, p. 386, pi. 3,fig. 34.Globulina suhalpina Gumbel, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss. Mlinchen,CI. II, vol. 10, 1868 (1870), p. 646, pi. 2, figs. 80 a. b.Polymorphina obovata Grztbowski, Pod. Dukli. W. Krakowie, 1894, p. 117,pi. 2, fig. 23.Polymorphina proteus Beissel (part), Abhandl. preuss. geol. Landes. Aus.,vol. 3, 1891, p. 59, pi. 11, figs. 4-7 (not 1-3, 8-56; pi. 12, figs. 1-16).Test elongate, more or less compressed, oblong, rounded at bothends; chambers rounded to oval, arranged at first m a nearly triserialseries, later becoming almost biserial; sutures depressed, distinct;wall thick, smooth, often with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.Length 1.05-L50 mm,; breadth 0.50-0.80 mm.,; thickness 0.28-0.40 mm.In their monograph of Polymorphina, H. B. Brady, Parker, andJones placed Polymorphina soldanii d'Orbigny, Polymorphina oblongad'Orbigny (not Roemer), and Polymorphina uvaeformis together, butin the Challenger report Brady separated d'Orbigny's P. oblonga fromP. soldanii without giving any notes.Pseudopolymorphina soldanii is undoubtedly related to Guttulinaoblonga d'Orbigny. From such a form it might be derived by losingits quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers and the chambersbecoming shorter and rounded. The present species seems to bevery variable in its form. The figures given by Fornasini are muchbroader than the figures copied by Brady, Parker, and Jones, thoughboth figures present the same general characters.Polymorphina oblonga Roemer and P. obovata Grzybowski are ap-parently the same, judged by the figures, and both have compressedtests consisting of rather short, rounded chambers arranged in asomewhat biserial series. After having examined German Oligocenematerial from several localities, among which there are specimensresembling Polymorphina oblonga Roemer, as well as Pseudopoly-morphina soldanii, we are convinced that they should be united.Figures 4-7 in plate 11 of Polymorphina proteus Beissel, show abiserial arrangement of short chambers and are very close to thepresent species.We have several Upper Cretaceous specimens of Pseudopolymor-phina soldanii from Maastricht, which are almost the same as Beissel'sfigures above mentioned.Polymorphina subalpina Giimbel is also included in the presentspecies with some doubts.Distribution.?There are specimens in our collection from the fol-lowing localities
;
Pliocene.?England, Crag, Sutton.
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM tol. 77Miocene.?France, Helvetian, Pontlevoy; Moulin du Minoy,Salles; Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Moulin deTEglise, Saucats.Oligocene.?GeTm.Siny , Ahnatal, near Cassel.Cretaceous.?Holland, Maastricht (?).PSEUDOPOLYMOEPHINA HANZAWAI Cushman and OzawaPlate 24, figures 1 a, bPseudopolymorphina hanzawai Cushman and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab.Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 15; Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr.,vol. 6, 1929, p. 69, pi. 13, fig. 4; pi. 14, fig. 11; pi. 15, figs. 3, 4.Test large, about twice as long as broad, the later portion some-what compressed and tending to become biserial in the last chambers,greatest breadth above the middle, broadly rounded at the base;chambers numerous, only slightly longer than broad, arranged in anelongate, closed, sigmoid series becoming biserial; sutures distinct,but very slightly depressed; wall thick, smooth, translucent; aper-ture radiate, terminal.Measurements of the figured specimens: 2.25-2.40 mm.; breadth1.10-1.26 mm.; thickness 0.85 mm.This species differs from Guitulina spicaeformis (Roemer) in itsbiseral form in the adult and in the very much larger size. It is moreclosely related to Guttulina yabei from which it is probably derivedby the addition of the biserial character.Distribution.?The types of this species are from the Pliocene ofSawane, Island of Sado, Japan. It also occurs in the Pliocene ofOkuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. We have somewhat similarspecimens from Albatross Station D2416 in 276 fathoms off theCarolina coast and a single specimen which much resembles thisfrom the Miocene, Burdigalien moyen, of Le Coquillat, Leognan,France. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA ATLANTICA Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 24, figures 2 a, bPolymorphina compressa Flint (not d'Orbigiiy), U. S. Nat. Mus., Kept.,1897 (1899), p. 319, pi. 67, fig. 3.Test ovate (young) to fusiform (adult), obtuse at the base, acuteat the apertural end, slightly compressed; chambers nearly clavate,not much overlapping, arranged in a nearly triserial series at thestart, becoming biserial later; sutures depressed, distinct; waUsmooth, thick; aperture radiate.Figured specimen, length 1.50 mm,; breadth 0.75 mm.; thickness0,32 mm.Holotype.? (U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. No. 20055.) From Albatrossdredgings off the eastern coast of the United States.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 95
Flint's Polymorphina compressa, described in 1897, is quite differentfrom d'Orbigny's species, figured in 1846, from the Vienna Basin inits broader test and depressed sutures, and its earlier chambers aremore rounded and inflated and the sutures are generally muchoblique. Our specimens examined are those described by Flint,Distribution.?Only known off the Atlantic coast of the UnitedStates, 88-440 fathoms. Doctor Flint selected a set of specimensfrom several stations along the Atlantic coast, but did not keepseparate those from the different stations, and so the exact stationcan not be given.PSEUDOPOLYMOEPHINA PHALKROPEI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 24, figures S a, bTest oblong, but little compressed, rounded at the base; peripherybroadly rounded; chambers inflated, as long as wide, slightly em-bracing, arranged in a nearly biserial series; sutures depressed, verydistinct; wall thin, smooth, transparent; aperture radiate.Length 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.42 mm.; thickness 0.30 mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 2237.) From the Atlantic coastof Massachusetts in the Woods Hole region, dredged by the UnitedStates fisheries steamer Phalerope.Its round and inflated chambers separated by the deep sutures arethe most important character of the species, and there is no otherspecies of the genus which is likely to be confused with the presentone. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA PARVA (Clodius)Plate 24, figures 4 a, bPolymorphina {Guttulina) parva Clodius, Archiv. Ver. Fremde Nat.Mecklenburg, 75 Jahrg, 1922, p. 127, pi. 1, fig. 10 a, h.Test elongate, subfusiform, more or less compressed; chambersspherical, arranged in a quinqueloculine series, becoming biseriallater; sutures much depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thick; apertureradiate.Pseudopolymorphina parva is unique in its spherical chambersseparated by very deep sutures.We have no specimen of the present species,PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DOANEI (Galloway and Wissler)Plate 24, figures 5 a, bPolymorphina doanei Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927,p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 8.Bulimina contraria Bagg (not Reuss), Bull. 513, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1912,p. 37, pi. 9, fig. 2.Polymorphina nodosaria Bagg, Bull. 513, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1912, p. 71jpi. 21, figs. 2, 3 (not fig. 1).
96 PROCEEDINGS OF TPIE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Test but little compressed, elongated, the greatest breadth in theupper half, gradually tapering toward the base, initial end obtuse;chambers rounded, but little embracing, arranged at first in a quin-queloculine series, abruptly becoming biserial, in full grown specimensthe later ones tending to become somewhat uniserial, each succeedingchamber very much farther removed from the base; sutures muchdepressed, very distinct; wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 2.20 mm.; breadth 0.65 mm.; thickness0.50 mm.In general appearance this species is almost identical with Pseudo-polymorphina parva excepting its slightly more rounded initial end.It may be possible that the present species is the megalospheric formof P. parva. However, as we have no European or topotype speci-mens representing P. parva, we can not deiSnitely say that they arethe same species. Therefore until we examine the original specimenP. doanei is kept as a good species and is described here.It is only known from the Pleistocene and Pliocene of California,in which it is rather common.Galloway and Wissler described it from the lower bed at theD. M. S. and B. quarry, and noted its occurrence in the Pliocene ofTimms Point, San Pedro, Calif. We have a series of specimens fromboth of these localities.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DECORA (Reuss)Plate 24, figures 6-8Polymorphina decora Reuss, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., ser. 2, vol, 16, 1863.-p. 152, pi. 3, fig. 41.Polymorphina. texana Cushman and Applin, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol.,vol. 10, 1926, p. 173, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2.Test elongated, more or less compressed, periphery rounded, sidesnearly parallel; chambers somewhat longer than wide., slightly em-bracing, alternating, arranged in a nearl}^ biserial series from thestart; sutures not depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.75-LlO mm.; breadth 0.32-0.36 mm.; thickness 0,15-0.18mm.Polymorphina decora, figured by Reuss from the Crag of Antwerp,is evidently a young, few-chambered specimen. An adult many-chambered specimen is much elongated with the sides almost parallel.It resembles Pseudopolymorphina spatulata (Terquem) in its gen-eral appearance, but the latter has a thicker test with rather inflatedchambers and slightly depressed sutures. These differences are notvery distinctive, and there are transitional forms.Distribution.?Rather common in the Miocene deposits nearBordeaux. Somewhat similar specimens occur in the Eocene ofFrance.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHTNIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 97Miocene.?France, Aquitanian superieur, near Mont de Marsan,St. Avit; Burdigalien superieur, Ponl Pourquet, Saucats; Burdigalieninferieur, St. Paul de Dax, Dax; Le Coquillat, Leognan; Moulin deFEglise, Saucats.Eocene.?France, Calcaire grossier, Beauves; Lutetien, Chaussy.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DUMBLEI (Cnshman and Applin)Plate 25, figures 1 a, bPolymorphina compressa d'Orbigny var. dumblei Cushman and Applin',Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 173, pi. 9, figs. 4, 5.Test compressed, elongated, obtuse at the base, more or less acuteat the apertural end; chambers slightly longer than wide, more or lesscompressed, much embracing, arranged at first in a nearly triserialseries becoming biserial later; sutures but little depressed, distinct;wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.70-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.16-0.20mm.The present species is an ally of Pseudopolymorphina decora of theEuropean Tertiary, and it is often difficult to separate them. Theimportant difference is the shape of chambers, which in the presentspecies are shorter than those of the European species.Polymorphina texana is a few-chambered species representing ayoung stage of P. decora.Distribution.?This was originally described as a variety of P.compressa but is not related to that species. The types are from theupper Eocene of Texas. It is found in the upper Eocene of Texas,Alabama, and Georgia as well as in samples from Mexico referred tothe Alazan clays. Single specimens from the Miocene and the Clai-borne are close to this species as well as a few from the Midway, butmore material will give added light on their exact relationships. Wehave no European material to place with this.Our specimens are from the following localities
:
Miocene.?Florida, Choctawhatchee marl, 1 mile east of Red Bay.Eocene.?Jacksonian, Bridge Creek, Iji mUes above Angelina River,Texas; Powells Landing, east bank of Sepulga River, sec. 35, T. 4 N.,R. 13 E., Covington County, Ala. ; Conecuh River at Beck, CovingtonCounty, Ala.; Cocoa sand, Keysers Hill, one-fourth mile west ofWater Valley, Choctaw County, Ala. Jackson, on old WaynesboroRoad, 5 miles north of Millen, Jenkins County, Ga.; Rich Hill,Crawford County, Ga. Mexico, Alazan shale, Rio Buena Vista, 9.8kilometers upstream from Tumbadero, Vera Cruz; Rio Tuxpam,south side just above Agua Nacida, Vera Cruz, Mexico.92709?30?7
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA OKUWAENSIS Cushman and OzawaPlate 25, figures 2, 3Pseudopolymorphina compressa d'Orbigny var. okuwaensis Cushman andOzawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 72, pi. 13^ fig. 7; pi. 15,figs. 8, 9.Test compressed, elongated, rounded at the base, acute at the aper-tural end, margin nearly parallel; chambers slightly compressed, aslong as wide, slightly embracing, arranged at first in a nearly triserialseries (the microspheric form) later becoming biserial; sutures gen-erally slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thick; apertureradiate.Length 0.85-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.36-0.50 mm. ; thickness 0.15-0.27mm.We formerly described this as a variety of Pseudopolymorphinacompressa, but it is very distinct from the latter in its much shorterchambers. It may be compared with the European Pseudopoly-morphina decora and American Eocene P. dumblei, with which it maybe closely related. Its distinction from these two is in the roundshort chambers, but there are intermediate forms among the abovethree species.Distribution.?It is quite abundant in the Japanese Pliocene aswell as now living in the same general region.Recent.?Kobama, Inland Sea of Japan, Province of Echizen, Japan.Upper Pliocene.?Ohuwsi, Province of Kaga, Japan.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA ISHIKAWAENSIS Cushman and OzawaPlate 25, figures 4, 6Pseudopolymorphina ishikawaensis Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol.Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 70, pi. 13, fig. 5; pi. 15, fig. 5Test much elongated, somewhat compressed, but the peripherybroadly rounded, sides in the adult portion nearly parallel; chambersnumerous, biserial, somewhat inflated, only slightly overlapping;sutures somewhat limbate, not depressed, distinct; wall thick, smooth;aperture radiate.Length 2.30-2.70 mm.; breadth 0.70-0.78 mm.; thickness 0^8-0.52 mm.The elongate and narrow test consisting of oval chambers whichare arranged in an almost entirely biserial series will distinguish itfrom any other species of the genus.Distribution.?The types of this species are from the Upper Plio-cene of Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan. It also occurs in the upperPliocene of Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, and Dainichi, Provinceof Totomi, Japan. The same species occurs in the Upper Mioceneof Kumonyo, Provmce of Totomi, Japan.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAE^?CTJSHMAN AND OZAWA 99PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA ZEUSCHNERI (Reuss)Plate 25, figures 5 a-cPolymorphina zeuschneri Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 56, pt. 1, 1867,p. 90, pi. 4, fig. 1.Test oblong to more or less fusiform, compressed, broadest at theupper half, rather acute at the initial end; chambers rounded, com-pressed, arranged in a biserial series; sutures depressed but little,distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 0.80 mm; breadth 0.50 mm.; thickness0.30 mm.The specimen described by Reuss comes from "Salzthon" and
"Steinsalz" in Galicia. We have a specimen from the Miocene ofVarpolata in Hungary which is not much different in its foraminif-eral fauna from the formation in Galicia.Polymorphina consecta d'Orbigny, figured later by Fornasini, isfrom the Miocene of Dax and shows a close resemblance to the presentspecies. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA INDICA (Cusl.man)Plate 25, figures 7 a, bPolymorphina prohlema d'Orbigny var. indica Cushman, Bull. 100, U. S.Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 265, pi. 52, figs. 1, 2; pi. 53, figs. 1 a, b.Test large, broad, oblong, but little compressed; chambers inflated,rounded, arranged at first in a quinqueloculine series, later becomingmore or less biserial; each succeeding chamber removed farther fromthe base; sutures much depressed, distinct; wall thick, that of earlierchambers and the posterior half of the later ones with fine longitu-dinal costae; aperture radiate.Maximum length 2.50 mm.; breadth 1.60 mm.; thickness 1.00 mm.The present species is close to Guttulina regina from which it isevidently derived by losing the quinqueloculine arrangement ofchambers. The surface ornamentation is not definite, and that ofthe later chambers is often obscured.Type specimen (Cat. No. 16056, U.S.N.M.) from Albatross StationD5579, off Sibuko Bay, Borneo, in 75 fathoms (320 m.).Distribution.?We have three specimens from the type locality.
"The species also occurs at the neighboring Albatross Station D5580,off Sibuko Bay, in 162 fathoms. A single specimen from off Amino,Japan, completes the known distribution.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA INDICA (Cushman) var. JAFONICA Cnshman and OzawaPlate 26, figures 1, 2Pseudopolymorphina indica (Cushman) var. japonica Cushman and Ozawa,Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 71, pi. 13, fig. 6; pi. 15, fig. 6.Polymorphina costata Allix, Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, vol. 43, 1913,p. 41, fig. 6 (in text) (?).
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Variety differing from the typical form in having the later cham-bers more regularly biserial and accordingly the test more compressed.Length of holotype 3.10 mm.; breadth 1.87 mm.; thickness0.81 mm.Polymorphina costata Allix reported from the Miocene of Touraineappears to be a yomig specimen of the present species. We have aspecimen like Allix's figure from the Miocene of Pontlevoy. Thisspecimen is fistulose and resembles the young stage of the megalo-spheric form of Pseudopolymorphina indica var. japonica. We cannot say definitely whether or not Allix's species is identical with thepresent variety. The specific name costata of Allix's species is pre-occupied by Egger in 1856, and therefore the present varietal name isnot disturbed by his species.The types of this variety are from the Pliocene of Sawane, island ofSado, Japan. The specimen figured here is from Albatross StationD4807, 44 fathoms, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA RUTILA (Cushman)Plate 26, figures 3 a, bPolymorphina regina H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones var. rutila Cushman,U. S. Gaol. Survey Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 34, pi. 5, figs. 7, 8.Test compressed, elongate, fusiform, with a strong spine at thebase; chambers more or less elongated, not much embracing, alter-nating; sutures more or less depressed, distinct; wall marked with afew strong, longitudinal costae; aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.30 mm.; breadth 0.22 mm.; thickness 0.14 mm.This species is undoubtedly derived from Guttulina costulata Cush-man by greatly reducing the quinqueloculine arrangement of cham-bers in the young. Like Guttulina costulata, it is conspicuous by itssurface ornamentation.Distribution.?This species was described from the lower Oligocene,the Byram calcareous marl at Leaf River, Miss. It occurs also in theByram marl at Byram, Miss.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA RUTILA (Cushman) var. PARRI Cushman and Ozawa, new varietyVariety differing from the typical in the somewhat broader testand coarser costae.Holotype of variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 7833.) From Miocene,Janjukian, soapy clay bed in Polyzoal limestone, Danger Point,Torquay, Victoria, Australia.This variety is named for Mr. W. J. Parr, of Australia, whose in-teresting collections have afforded us opportunity to study many ofthe Australian forms.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 101PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA PAUCICOSTATA Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 26, figures 4 o, feTest compressed, elongated, greatest breadth in the upper half,gradually tapering toward the initial end; chambers more or lesscompressed, arranged in a biserial series; sutures slightly depressed,distinct; wall thick, ornamented by a few low longitudinal costae,which are often obscured; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 1.20 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.Holotype.? {Cat. No. 371261, U.S.N.M.) From Midway Eocene,U. S. G. S. Station 1/797, on west or downthrow side of fault, 2 milesnorthwest of Lone Oak, Hunt County, Texas.Its more or less lance-shaped test and coarse longitudinal orna-mentation are the important characteristics to separate the presentspecies from any others of the genus.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA OBSCURICOSTATA (Galloway and Wissler) (?)Plate 39, figure 6Polymorphina obscuricostata Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1,1927, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 12 (P. obscurocostata on explanation of plate).Test compressed, irregularly oval in side view; chambers few, com-pressed, longer than wide, not much embracing, arranged in a biserialseries; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall ornamented withabout six low obscure costae to a side, extending from the roundedinitial end about two-thirds of the way to the aperture; apertureradiate.Length of the specimen 0.22 mm.; width 0.13 mm.; thickness 0.05mm.The present species is undoubtedly a young specimen of an orna-mented Pseudopolymorphina. It resembles Pseudopolymorphina in-dica and its variety, but the chambers are more elongated and thecostae are fewer; therefore we keep it as a good species.The above description is mainly copied from the original.Distribution.?Galloway and Wissler described the species from asingle specimen which is from the Pleistocene, middle bed, in theD. M. S. and B. quarry, near Lomita, Palos Verdes Hills, Calif.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA VARIATA (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady)Plate 26, figures 5, 6Polymorphina variata Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady, Foram. Crag, pt. 1,1866, pi. 1, figs. 67, 68.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 237, pi. 40, fig. 24.?Jones, Foram. Crag,pt. 2, 1895, pi. 5, fig. 27; pt. 3, 1896, p. 272.Test suboblong to oblong, compressed, the greatest breadth abovethe middle; chambers rounded, compressed, arranged in an almostbiserial series from the beginning; sutures depressed, but not very
102 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77distinct; wall studded with irregular, angular, low elevations impartinga mottled appearance to the exterior, sometimes ro.arked with strongangular elevations unequally distributed; aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.60 mm.; breadth 1.25 mm.; thickness 0.30 mm.The present very interesting species is described from the Crag ofSutton for the first time hj Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady, whocharacterize the species as having the surface with irregular andangular depressions. We have examined material from the samelocality and found several specimens showing the same characters asPseudo'polymorphina variata excepting surface ornamentation. Ourspecimens are ornamented with irregular elevations instead of depres-sions. We have well preserved specimens from the Miocene of Pont-icvoy in France, which are marked by graphically distributed eleva-tions imparting to the surface an appearance of depressions at lowermagnification.Terquem figured two different specimens obtained from the Plioceneof the Isle of Rhodes under the name Polymorphina fischeri. Onehas a smooth surface, while the other has a many-chambered elongatetest, the wall of which, according to his description, is rugose orarenaceous. If his specimen really belongs to the Polymorphinidae,we may suppose it may be rugose and not arenaceous. His smoothspecimen is separated as a variety of the present species.Distribution.?The species seems to be limited to the late Tertiaryin Europe. Brady, Parker, and Jones's specimens are from the Cragof Sutton, where it is rather common. We have specimens from thetype locality at Sutton and from the Miocene of Pontlevoy, France.Terquem's rough specimen from the Pliocene of the Isle of Rhodesis probably to be placed under this species.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA VARIATA (Jones. Parker, and H. B. Brady) var. FISCHERI (Terquem)Plate 10, figures 8, 7; Plate 28, figures 7, 8Polymorphina fischeri Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 41, pi. 3 (8), figs. 37, 39.Guttulina racemosa Terquem, M?m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878,p. 46, pi. 4 (9), figs. 20-22 (not figs. 23, 24).Polymorphina compressa Jones, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896, p. 258, pi. 1, figs.54, 65, 77-80; and (distorted) pi. 5, figs. 26, 28.Polymorphina dilatata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No.11.?FoRNASiNi, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 5.Polymorphina lecointreae Allix, Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistres, vol. 43,1913, p. 34, fig. 5 (in text).Polymorphina consecta d'Orbignt, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265, No.10.?FoRNASiNi, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 4.Variety differing from the typical form in having a smooth surface.Maximum length 2 mm,; breadth 1.30 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 103As remarked in the case of the typical form, Terquem's species,Polymoryhina fischeri, contains both smooth and ornamented forms.The form having a smooth surface is described and figured before theornamented form, which coincides with Pseudopolymorphina variata.Therefore Terquem's specific name jischeri is used as a varietal namefor the smooth variety of P. variata.Jones included a smooth variety from the Crag in Polymorphinacompressa, but their difference is very conspicuous. The presentvariety has compressed but more rounded chambers instead of elon-gated chambers as in Polymorphina compressa.Polymorphina dilatata listed by d'Orbigny and figured by Fornasini,considered from the figure, is very close to the present variety.Polymorphina lecointreae Allix, as reported from the Miocene ofTouraine, has rather rounded chambers separated by more or lessdepressed sutures, and may be included in the range of variation ofthe present variety.Some figures of Guttulina racemosa Terquem described in the samepaper as the present variet-y appear to be very similar to a young stageof the present variety. They are probably young specimens. Twospecimens somewhat resembling Terquem's Guttulina racemosa arefigured.Distribution.?The present variety generally occurs associated withthe typical form, and it seems to be limited to the late Tertiary ofEurope. The localities of our identified specimens are as foUows:Pliocene.?Crag, of Suffolk, England. Isle of Rhodes.Upper Miocene.?Pontlevoy, France; near Bordeaux, France.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA OVALIS Cushman and Ozawa, new namePlate 27, figures 1 a-c; Plate 29, figures 6 a-cPolymorphina ovata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 233, pi. 13, figs. 1-3 (not of 1826).?H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Chal-lenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 564, pi. 72, figs. 7, 8.
?
Cushman, Bull.104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 151, pi. 40, figs. 11, 12.Test fusiform, more or less compressed, elliptical in end view;chambers inflated, much embracing, arranged in a nearly biserialseries, each succeeding chamber not much removed from the base;sutures but little depressed, fairly distinct; wall smooth; apertureradiate.Length 0.85 mm.; breadth 0.65 mm.D'Orbigny's Polymorphina ovata, described in the Vienna mono-graph, is evidently different from Polymorphina (Globulina) ovata,named in 1826, but was neither figured nor described by d'Orbigny.Polymorphina ovata, therefore, as a specific name can not be used, anda new name ovalis is proposed.
104 PROCEEtJlNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEtTM vol.77Pseudopolymorphina ovalis has a more or less compact test, consist-ing of rather inflated chambers arranged in an almost biserial series,and it is more or less related to Pyrulina, but the compressed fusi-form test having the chambers arranged in a biserial series showsa closer relationship of the present species to Pseudopolymorphina,where we have placed it.Distribution.?Pseudopolymorphina ovalis is rather rare in the Am-phistegina marl of Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, in Vienna. It is rarely-found in the Recent state, and the specimens noted below are notentirely typical. We have specimens of the present species from thefollowing localities
:
Recent.?Albatross Station D3407, in 885 fathoms off the GalapagosIslands, and D4807 in 44 fathoms off Japan. Single specimens fromeach station are larger than the typical form and may not be the same.Pliocene.?Belgium, Crag noir, Antwerp.Miocene.?Austria, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz,Nussdorf, near Vienna. Hungary, Kostej, Banat. France, Bur-digalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA OBSCURA (Roemer)Plate 27, figures 2 a-bPolymorphina obscura Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385, pi. 3,fig. 23.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 50, abt. 1, 1864, p. 471, pi. 3,figs. 8-10.Polymorphina teretiuscula Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385,pi. 3, fig. 24.Polymorphina campanulata Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838, p. 385,pi. 3, fig. 22.Polymorphina subdepressa Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f . Min., etc., 1838, p. 385,pi. 3, fig. 28.Test elongate, compressed, sides nearly parallel, slightly broadernear the apertural end, initial end rounded; chambers not elongated,slightly embracing, arranged at first in a quinqueloculine series, andlater biserial; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall thick, smooth;aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 3.30 mm.; breadth 1.25 mm.; thickness0.65 mm.We have the same opinion as Reuss, who in the paper on the faunaof the German upper Oligocene, published in 1864, put togetherunder P. obscura: Polymorphina obscura, P. teretiuscula, and P.campanulata figured by Roemer.Polymorphina subdepressa v. Miinster, described for the first timeby Roemer in the same paper as the above three, has a much roundedinitial end, few chambers, and short test, and may be considered asthe megalospheric form of the present species. The early chambersare not biserial, and for this reason we have placed the species inPseudopolymorphina.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?-CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 105Distribution.?We have a good series of the present species fromthe upper Ohgocene of Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. There is asingle specimen in the collection from the Oligocene of Lattdorf,Germany. PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA CURTA Cashman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 27, figures 3 a, &Pseudopolymorphina species Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. andGeogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 71, pi. 15, fig. 7.Test oval, compressed, rounded at both ends, margin even; cham-bers few, as long as wide, more or less compressed, slightly embracing,arranged in an almost biserial series; sutures but little depressed,often obscured; wall thin, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.55 mm. ; breadth 0.40 mm. ; thickness 0.27 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11731.) From 32 fathoms, one-halfmile northwest of Eagle Island, Casco Bay, Me.A characteristic of the species is the oval test composed of a fewmore or less compressed rounded chambers. Pseudopolymorphinaspecies recorded by us from the upper Pliocene of Sawane, Japan, isvery similar to the present species.Distribution.?In addition to the above localities, we have speci-mens from Hudson Bay, Richmond Gulf (about 3 miles from entrance,in 15-20 fathoms).PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA SPATULATA (Terquem)Plate 27, figures 4, 5Polymorphina spatulata Terquem, Mem. Soc. G6ol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2,1882, p. 142, pi. 14 (22), figs. 32 a, b.Polymorphina truncata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265,No. 3.?FoBNASiNi, BoU. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 152, fig. 6(in text)
.
Test slightly compressed, elongated, periphery broadly rounded;chambers inflated, slightly overlapping, arranged at first in a nearlyquinqueloculine or triloculine series especially in the microsphericform, abruptly becoming biserial; sutures but little depressed, distinct;wall smooth; aperture radiate.Maximum length 2.30 mm.; breadth 0.55 mm.; thickness 0.30 mm.As is noted in the remark given with Pseudopolymorphina decora,it is diflicult to distinguish Pseudopolymorphina spatulata fromPseudopolymorphina decora because of transitional forms. Especiallythe megalospheric form of the present species, having an almostbiserial test, shows a great resemblance to Pseudopolymorphina decora.Polymorphina truncata d'Orbigny, figured by Fornasini, havingalternating rounded chambers, is not different from the presentspecies, although its apertural view is almost circular.
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Distribution.?Our specimens are mostly from the Miocene ofFrance, where the species is common and well developed. We havespecimens from the following localities
:
Miocene.?France, Aquitanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont deMarson, near Bordeaux; Burdigalien superieur, Merignac (Gironde);Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan; Moulin de I'Eglise,Saucats.Oligocene.?Upper, Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DOLLFUSSI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 27, figures 6, 7Test cylindrical, but little compressed, rounded at the base, obtuseat the apertural end; chambers elongated, not much embracing,arranged at first in a triserial series, becoming biserial later, eachsucceeding chamber removed much farther from the base; suturesvery little depressed, not very distinct; wall rather thin, smooth;aperture large, radiate.Length 0.95-1.40 mm.; breadth 0.28-0.35 mm.; thickness 0.18-0.22mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11739.) From the Miocene, Burdi-galien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. Paratype in collec-tion of Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo, Tokyo,Japan.The present species has a tendency to become more or less uniserialin the later stages, but the sutures are invariably oblique and thechambers alternating.This species is named for Dr. G. Dollfuss, of Paris, formerly Pre-sident of the Society G^ologique of France, who furnished excellentmaterial from the Miocene of France for our studies.Distribution.?This species occurs in the Miocene of France. Wehave specimens from the following localities:Miocene.?Aquitanian superieur, La Brede, Larriey, near Bor-deaux; Burdigalien superieur, Merignac (Gironde); Burdigalieninferieur. La Coquillat, Leognan.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DOLLFUSSI Cushman and Ozawa var. TENUISTEIATA Cushmanand Ozawa, new varietyPlate 27, figures 8 a, hVariety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test,which consists of very fine longitudinal striations.Length 0.80-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.18-0.25 mm.; thickness 0.15-0.22 mm.Eolotype of variety.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11743.) From the Mioceneof St. Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France. Paratypes in thecollection of the University of Tokyo.
ART 6 PORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 107PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA JONESI Cusliman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 28, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina nodosaria Jones, Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896, p. 262, pi. 1,figs. 55-58 {Dimorphina)
.
Polymorphina thouini Jones (not d'Orbigny), Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1896,p. 261, pi. 1, fig. 59.Test cylindrical, elongated, rounded at the base; chambers as longas wide, circular in transverse section, arranged at the beginning in atriserial series, later becoming uniserial; sutures but little depressed,distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 1.60 mm.; breadth 0.36 mm.Holotype.? (Cushman Coll. No. 11745.) From Miocene, Burdigalienof St. Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France.Pseudopolymorphina jonesi is different from Reuss's Polymorphinanodosaria and P. subnodosa in having the chambers not inflated andthe sutures not depressed. Jones's Polymorphina nodosaria andP. thouini, figured from the Coralline Crag of Sutton, are the same asthe present species. It may be noticed here that d'Orbigny's Di-morphina nodosaria, described from the Vienna Basin, is a Marginulina.Distribution.?Jones's specimens were from the Pliocene Crag ofSutton, England. We have specimens also from the Miocene ofSt. Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA SUBCYLINDRICA (Hantken)Plate 28, figures 2 a-cPolymorphina subcylindrica Hantken, A Magy. Kir. foldt. int. evkonyve,vol. 4, 1875 (1876), p. 51, pi. 14, fig. 14; Mitth. a. d. Jahrb. k. ungar.geol. Anstalt, vol. 4, 1875 (1881), p. 60, same pi. and fig. (misprintedsubcyindrica in explanation of plate)
.
Cristellaria pleurostomelloides Kakrer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 58 (1),1868, p. 171, pi. 4, fig. 5.Psecadium oblongum Franzenau, Glasnik. kr. nar. drutztva God., vol. 6,1894, p. 275, pi. 4, fig. 52.Test elongated, more or less irregularly cylindrical, rounded at thebase; chambers longer than wide, arranged at the start in a nearlytriserial series, later becoming more or less uniserial, but little embrac-ing; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thick; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 1.20 mm.; breadth 0.40 mm.; thickness0.35 mm.Hantken's figure of the present species shows a nearly triserialarrangement of the earlier three chambers, to which are added twouniserial chambers. The chambers are not much elongated and areseparated by depressed sutures. Our figured specimen from theVienna Basin resembles Karrer's Cristellaria pleurostomelloides fromKostej, and has slightly longer chambers than Hantken's species,although there is no important difference between them.
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Psecadium oblongum Franzenau, judging from his figure, is veryclose to Hantken's species and is provisionally placed under thepresent species.Distribution.?Hantken reported the present species from the Eoceneof Ofen (Kleinschwabenberg) , where he found only one specimen.Karrer noted its occurrence as very rare. We have a single specimenfrom the Miocene (Tortonian) of the Vienna Basin.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DIGITATA (d'Orbigny)Plate 28, figures 3 a, bPolymorphina digitata d'Orbigny, Guerin-Menevilles Cuvier, Iconographie,MoUusques, 1829-43, p. 9, pi. 3, fig. 3.Polymorphina nodosaria Franke, Danmarks Geol. Unders. II, Raekke, No. 46,1927, p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 18.Test elongate, cylindrical, rounded at both ends; chambers short,nearly as long as broad, slightly embracing, arranged in an entirelybiserial series; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall smooth;aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 1.95 mm.; breadth 0.55 mm.; thickness0.50 mm.The present species was only figured and not described by d'Orbignyunder the name Polymorphina digitata.Moreover, neither the locality nor geological formation of the specieswas mentioned, and accordingly there is great difficulty in determiningexactly the species. We have several specimens from the UpperCretaceous of Maastricht, which in every feature resemble d'Orbigny 'sfigure of Polymorphina digitata, and those specimens are provisionallydetermined as the same as d'Orbigny's species, and one of them isfigured.Pseudopolymorphina digitata of our identifications resembles in somerespects P. spatulata from the Miocene of Europe, but the latter ismore compressed, and its chambers are longer.Distribution.?We have specimens of the species from the UpperCretaceous of Maastricht only.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA LEOPOLITANA (Reuss)Plate 28, figures 4 a-cPolymorphina leopolitana Reuss, Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, 1851,p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 11.Polymorphina rudis Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861 (1862),p. 319, pi. 3, figs. 5-8.Test elongated, slightly compressed, rounded at the base; chambersinflated, but little embracing, arranged in a nearly biserial series fromthe beginning, often tending to become uniserial in later develop-ment; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 109Length 1.10-1.50 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.45-0.65 mm.Pseudopolymorphina leopolitana is evidently related to P. soldanii,and they have some characters in common, such as inflated chambersand slightly compressed test.The present species however, has a much more elongated test,which lacks a triserial arrangement of chambers in its early stagesand becomes more or less uniserial in its later stages.Reuss separated Polymorphina rudis from Pseudopolymorphinaleopolitana by its much larger test and its more nearly uniserialarrangement of chambers. As he noted, Polymorphina rudis is veryvariable, and we can hardly find two specimens quite alike, thereforeit is better to unite Reuss's two species cited above.Distribution.?^Reuss's Polymorphina leopolitana is recorded fromthe mucronata bed of Lemberg (Cretaceous) and his Polymorphinarudis from Cretaceous tuff of Maastricht, in material from which wefound several specimens.The figured specimen is from the chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works,Cambridge, England.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA MENDEZENSIS (White)Plate 28, figures 7-9Polymorphina mendezensis White, Journ. Pal., vol. 2, 1928, p. 213, pi. 29,fig. 14.Test compressed, broadly oval to oblong, rounded at the base;chambers rounded, compressed, arranged at first in a nearly triserialseries, becoming biserial, each succeeding chamber removed fartherfrom the base; sutures but little depressed, usually distinct; wallthick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length 0.60-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.35-0.45 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.30 mm.The present species is very variable in its general outline, somebroadly rounded at the end consisting of much compressed chambers,the others much narrower at the initial end as each succeeding moreor less inflated chamber is removed farther from the base.In spite of the variable shape of the test, the arrangement of cham-bers is rather definite, and is always nearly triserial at the start, be-coming biserial later. A quinqueloculine arrangement of chambers islacking in this species.Distribution.?Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis is very common inthe Upper Cretaceous deposits in North America. We have noEuropean specimen representing the present species.White recorded it from the base of the Mendez to a point a littleabove the base of the Velasco. It occurs also in our material fromthe Navarro formation of Texas in various cores. At the clay pit 3
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
miles South of Corsicana, Tex., it is very common. We have speci-mens from the Chipley well in Florida at 2,520 feet.PSEUDOPOLYMOKPHINA SUBNODOSA (Reuss)Plate 29, figure 2Polymorphina subnodosa Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 42, 1860, p. 362,pi. 2, fig. 15.Polymorphina nodosaria Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 48, pt. 1, 1863,p. 58, pi. 7, fig. 85.?H. B. Bbady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 233, pi. 40, figs. 18 a, b.Test almost cylindrical, more or less tapering toward the base;chambers inflated, not much embracing, alternating, arranged in anearly biserial series, becoming uniserial; sutures oblique, depressed;wall smooth; aperture radiate.Brady, Parker, and Jones put Reuss's Polymorphina subnodosa andP. nodosaria together, reserving the latter name because the formerdoes not represent as good a type as that later described under thename which they have adopted. Polymorphina subnodosa was de-scribed and figured as well as P. nodosaria, and the former has thepriority; therefore we keep the specific name "subnodosa" accordingto the rule of priority.We have not found any specimen resembling the present species.The above description is written in accordance with Reuss's figure ofthe species.Distribution.?The present species is apparently limited to the Ter-tiary of Europe. Reuss's records are the middle Tertiary of centralGermany and the Crag of Antwerp.PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA INCERTA (Egger)Plate 29, figures 3-5Polymorphina incerta Egger, Neues Jahrb. fur Min., Jahrg. 1857, p. 286,pi. 13, figs. 19-21.Polymorphina depressa d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267, No. 26.Globulina depressa Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882,p. 131, pi. 13 (21), figs. 28-30.Polymorphina {Globulina) depressa Fornasini, Riv. Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902,p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 8.Polymorphina depauperata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 55, pt. 1,1867, p. 89, pi. 3, fig. 9.Polymorphina amygdaloides Reuss var. lepida Fornasini, Mem. Istit.Accad. Sci. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902 (1902), p. 71, fig. 24 (intext)
.
Polymorphina subdilatata Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 286,pi. 13, figs. 30-33.Polymorphina media Egger, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Jahrg., 1857, p. 287,pi. 13, figs. 28, 29.Polymorphina solidula Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 40, pi. 3 (8), figs. 31a-33.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 111Test almost equally compressed on both sides, oval, marginrounded; chambers not numerous, usually five or six, compressed,usually almost as broad as long, arranged in a nearly biserial series;sutures not depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length, 0.55-0.75 mm.; breadth, 0.45-0.60 mm.; thickness, 0.18-0.25 mm.Several different names were given by various authors to thedifferent phases of growth of the present species. Globulina de-pressa, listed by d'Orbigny from the environs of Beauvais in 1826and figured much later by both Terquem and Fornasini, havingfour chambers, evidently represents a young stage of the presentspecies. The name, however, can not be used, as the 1826 specieswas not described or figured until much later.Polymorphina solidula Terquem is a form having the last chamberadded in a slightly abnormal manner. We have such specimensamong our collections of Pseudopolymorphina incerta.Polymorphina depauperata Reuss is undoubtedly the same asGlobulina depressa in every respect.Polymorphina incerta Egger, having the priority among severalspecific names proposed for the present species, is an adult and morecommon form.Polymorphina amygdaloides var. lepida Fornasini, with slightlyacute initial end, and Polymorphina subdilatata Egger are forms ofthe present species havmg a more or less elongate test.Polymorphina foveolata was separated by Reuss from Polymorphinadepauperata because of its thicker and more or less irregularly ovaltest and sparsely distributed surface depressions, but such differ-ences appear to us not as important as the other more essentialcharacters which show no real differences between the above twospecies.Polymorphina media Egger has an elongate test and is in somerespects unlike the present species, but we think it is better to placeit as within the range of variation of Pseudopolymorphina incerta.Distribution.?One of the most common species distributed widelyin the European younger Tertiary deposits. We have the speciesfrom the following localities
:
Recent.?Italy, shore sand of Rimini on the Adriatic.Miocene.?France, Helvetien, Pontlevoy; Aquitanien superieur, St.Avit, near Mont de Marsen; La Brede, Larriey ; Burdigalien superieur,Merignac (Gironde); Burdigalien inferieur, Dax; Moulin de i'Eglise,Saucats; Le Coquillat, Leognan. Hungary, Tortonian, Varpolata.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Orbitolites bed, Grignon. England,Bracklesham bed XVII, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight.
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Genus PALEOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, new genusTest with the early chambers spiral, later ones becoming biserial.Genotype.?P. pleurostomelloides (Franke).PALEOPOLYMORPHINA PLEUROSTOMELLOIDES (Franke)Plate 28, figures 5 a, bPolymorphina pleurostomelloides Franke, Abhandl. d. preuss. geol. Landes-anstalt, vol. 3, 1928, p. 121, pi. 11, fig. 11.Test small, more or less cylindrical, tapering toward the initial end;chambers initiated, oval, but little embracing, alternating, arrangedin an entirely biserial series, each succeeding chamber much fartherremoved from the base; sutures oblique, much depressed, distinct;wall smooth; aperture radiate.The present species quite recently has been described by Frankefrom the lower Cenomanian marl of Tecklenburg, a locality fromwhich we obtained foraminiferal material from the original authorand found three specimens. They are very similar to Pleurosto-mella, excepting for the radiate aperture. Its development is evi-dently a biserial one from a spiral ancestry, and as such we haveerected a new genus for it and the following species.Distribution.?Germany, lower Cenomanian, Tecklenburg, West-phalia, near the brickyard of HoUenberg, where it is not rare.PALEOPOLYMORPHINA GAULTINA (Berthelin)Plate 28, figures 6 a, 6Polymorphina gaultina Berthelin, Mem. Soc. G6ol. France, s6r. 3, vol. 1,1880, p. 58, pi. 4, figs. 19 a-c.Test small, more or less compressed, fusiform, acute at both ends;chambers few, the lasi> two much larger than the earlier ones, em-bracing, arranged in a biserial series, each succeeding chamberremoved from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wallsmooth; aperture radiate.Paleopolymorphina gaultina is one of the smallest species amongthe PoJymorphinidae. The test is generally composed of five cham-bers, of which the last two are much enlarged. It is a well-definedspecies and can be easily distinguished from any other.Distribution.?Berthelin described it from the Lower Cretaceous(Albian) of France. We have several specimens from the Gault ofFolkestone, England.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 113Gernis POLYMORPHINA d'Orbigny, 1826POLYMORPHINA BURDIGALENSIS d'OrbignyPlate 29, figures 7 a-cPolymorphina hurdigalensis d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265,No. 2; model No. 29.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 224, pi. 39, figs. 9 a, &.?Cushman andOzAWA, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, pt. 1, 1928, p. 16,pi. 2, fig. 10.?OzAWA, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, pt. 2,1929, p. 35, pi. 6, figs. 1-3.Polymorphina hurdigalensis d'Orbigny var. lequilensis Fornasini, Mem.Istit. Bologna Acad. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 9 (1900-1902), p. 73, fig. 26.Test fusiform to oblong, more or less flattened on one side, un-symmetrically convex on the other; chambers elongate, more em-bracing on the flattened side, arranged in an almost biserial seriesfrom the start; sutures scarcely depressed, distinct; wall smooth,translucent; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.40 mm.; thick-ness 0.25 mm.Ozawa found that d'Orbigny's original specimen deposited in thepaleontological department, Museum of Natural History, Jardin desPlantes in Paris, is lost, and the species has been neither figured nordescribed by d'Orbigny; therefore the only reference having anyauthority is a plaster model. Brady, Parker, and Jones figured amodel of Polymorphina hurdigalensis in their monograph, but as faras the figures are concerned their model is different from that in theCushman Laboratory, because those figures are the reverse of thatform shown by this model; but all models of Polymorphina hurdi-galensis, including that in the British Museum of Natural History,which was examined, are just the same as this. Apparently thisreversal came in the drawing of the figures, a similar reversal beingshown in other species in Brady, Parker, and Jones' monograph.According to the Tableaux Methodique, d'Orbigny's specimen wasobtained from the Miocene in the environs of Bordeaux. We haveexamined much material from the same locality, as well as from Dax,and only one specimen somewhat resembling the model was found.The specimen figured here is just the same as Polymorphina hur-digalensis, at least in the degree of embracing of the elongate chambersand an unequal compression on each side of the test, although thearrangement of chambers is not as regular as shown by the model,which should be considered to be somewhat coventionalized.Fornasini's Polymorphina hurdigalensis var. lequilensis, obtainedfrom Lequile, is almost the same as ours.Distribution.?The locality of our figured specimen is Miocene(Burdigalien inferieur), Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, (Gironde),France.92709?30 S
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77POLYMORPHINA FORNASINH Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 29, figures 8 a, bTest compressed, oblong, greatest breadth in the upper halftapering toward the acute base, periphery rounded; chambers eiongated, arranged at first in a more or less sigmoid series becomingregularly biserial; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wail smooth,thin, transparent; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 1.25 mm. ; breadth 0.60 mm. ; thickness 0.30 mm.Holotype.?(Cush.m.&n Coll. No. 9,867.) Recent, off Tripoli.The early chambers of the species are sigmoidaily arranged, butthe later ones are regularly biserial and alternating, sometimesbecoming very irregular and spreading.The species is named for Prof. C. Fornasini of Bologna, Italy.POLYMORPHINA INCAVATA StachePlate 29, figures 9 a, bPolymorphina incavata Stache, Novara Exped., Greol. Theil 1, 1864, p. 260,pi. 24, figs. 7 a, h.Polymorphina dispar Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil 1, 1864, p. 261,pi. 24, figs. 8 a, b.Test more or less compressed, elongated, rounded at the base;chambers twice as long as wide, more or less inflated, not muchembracing, arranged in a biserial series; sutures slightly depressed,distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.We have no specimen which we can identify with the presentspecies, and the above description is given in accord with the originalfigures. Stache's P. dispar is very similar to the present species.It may be a young specimen. It seems to be known only from theTertiary, Upper Eocene, at Whaingaroa Port, New Zealand.POLYMORPHINA SUBRHOMBICA ReussPlate 30, figures 1-3Polymorphina subrhombica Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. I,1861 (1862), p. 339, pi. 7, fig. 3.Test compressed, rhombic (young) to subrhomboidal (adult),symmetrical, margin angular; chambers rather broad, not much em-bracing, alternating; wall smooth, thick; sutures not depressed, butdistinct; aperture radiate.Maximum length 2.60 mm.; breadth 1.30 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm.The present species has fairly large dimensions and even a fewchambered specimen attains 1 millimeter in length. It has but aslight resemblance to Polymorphina complanata, with which it hasbeen generally considered to be identical. The narrow elliptical endview is enough to separate the present species from any other of the
AET. 6 FOEAMINIFERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 115known species of Polymovphina having the chambers arranged inan entirely biserial manner.Distribution.?Reuss first described Polymorphina subrhombicafrom the Upper Cretaceous (?) (Eocene (?)) of New Jersey, where itis rather common in the Eocene formation, and from which we haveseveral specimens. The formation formerly supposed to be Cre-taceous in New Jersey is probably Eocene.POLYMORPHINA ACULEATA d'OrblgnyPlate 30, figure 4Polymorphina aculeata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 265,No. 5.?FoRNASiNi, Riv.Ital. Pal., vol. 8, 1902, p. 1, pi. 1, fig. 1.Test compressed, elongate, margins almost parallel, acute at bothends, initial end with a spine; chambers compressed, elongate, alter-nating; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall ornamented withfine costae, interrupted at the sutures; aperture produced, radiate.Polymorphina aculeata, listed by d'Orbigny but not figured or de-scribed until 1902 by Fornasini, is a well-characterized speciesreported from the environs of Paris. We have examined materialfrom the Paris Basin, but we could not find any specimen like this.The above description is based on Fornasini's figure.Distribution.?Known only from the Eocene of the Paris Basin.POLYMORPHINA LONGISTRIATA Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 30, figure 5Polymorphina complanata (d'Orbigny) var. striata Burrows and Holland,Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. 15, 1897, p. 46, pi. 2, fig. 15.Test elongate, rhomboidal, compressed, almost symmetrical;chambers compressed, alternating, arranged in an entirely biserialseries; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall ornamented bylongitudinal costae interrupted at the sutures; aperture radiate.We have examined material which we collected from the Thanetbeds of Pegwell Bay, but we did not find any specim.en like Poly-morphina complanata var. striata described by Burrows and Holland.This seems to be quite distinct from any described species. It isevidently related to Polymorphina complanata d'Orbigny in its muchspecialized biserial arrangement of chambers, but it is not only orna-mented but the test is also much elongated and its chambers aremuch broader than those of Polymorphina complanata.A new specific name "longistriata" is proposed.Its nearest ally seems to be Polymorphina advena Cushman, fromwhich it is separated by its more elongate, angular test, and coarserornamentation.Distribution.-?The only known record is from the Thanet beds ofPegwell Bay in England.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77POLYMORPHINA PARALLELA MillettPlate 30, figures Q a, bPolymorphina regularis var. parallela Millett, Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc.Cornwall, 1894, pp. 4, 7 (list), pL, figs. 5, 6 a, b.Test compressed, oblong, margins nearly parallel; chambers elon-gate, compressed, alternating; sutures not depressed; wall smooth,translucent; aperture radiate.The present species is recorded by Millett under the name of Poly-morphina regularis var. parallela. His description runs as follows:
"This variety has the characters both of P. regularis and P.frondi-formis. It differs from the former in having the lateral faces parallel,and from the latter in the fact that the sutures do but rarely reachthe central line of the test, leaving a clear space from the oral to theaboral ends."It is quite distinct from Sigmomorpha regularis in its arrangementof sutures. It resembles in some features Polymorphina frondea,but the latter has the periphery with raised margins.Distribution.?Millett's specimens are from the Pliocene of St.Erth, England.POLYMORPHINA ALLENI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 30, figures 7 a, bPolymorphina complanata Heron-Allen and Eahland, Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1909, p. 432, pi. 17, figs. 3-5.Test broadly oval, much compressed, symmetrical; chamberscurved, elongate, cylindrical, alternating, each succeeding chamberslightly removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct, uni-formly curved; wall rather thin, translucent, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.37 mm.; thickness 0.12mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11777.) From Eocene, Brackle-sham bed XVIII, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England.Heron-Allen and Earland described and figured from Selsey a prettybiserial specimen of Polymorphina under the name of P. complanatad'Orbigny. We have a specimen from the Brackleshani bed XVIII,White Cliff Bay of Isle of Wight, which in every respect coincideswith Heron-Allen and Earland's species. This is quite distinct fromPolymorphina complanata from the Vienna Basin in the uniform,strongly curved, cylindrical chambers, all of which come down muchfarther toward the base than in P. complanata.To the present species a new specific name alleni is given forEdward Heron-Allen.
ART. 6 FOEAMINIFERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 117POLYMORPHINA CUSHMANI PliunmerPlate 30, figures 8 a, bPotymorphina cushmani Plummeb, Bull. 2644, Univ. Texas, 1927, p. 125,pi. 6, fig. 9; pi. 15, figs. 1 a-c.Test compressed, oblong, broadest at the upper half, rhomboidal inend view, margins angular but not carinate; chambers elongate,alternating in an entirely biserial series; sutures not depressed,straight, often thickened and obscured; wall thick, ornamented inthe middle part of the broad faces with raised beads arranged longi-tudinally from the aperture to the initial end or not more than four,strong, broken costae developing independently of the sutures;aperture radiate.Maximum length 2.60 mm. ; breadth 1.30 mm. ; thickness 0.60 mm.Polymorphina cushmani is one of the best defined species of thegenus. Its straight sutures and peculiar ornamentation are thespecial features that will separate it from the species related to it.Distribution.?This species seems to be limited to the lower Eocene,Midway, of the Texas region. Mrs. Plummer describes it from the baseof a high bluff on west side of Colorado River between the Travis-Bastrop County line and the mouth of Dry Creek (Bastrop quad-rangle), Tex., and 5}^ miles due south and very slightly west ofLittig, where the 440-foot contour cuts a northeast-southwest road(Bastrop quadrangle), Texas. The specimen here figured is fromthe station near Littig, kindly sent us by Mrs. Plummer. We alsohave typical specimens from the Midway of Texas in our collectionfrom other Texas localities.Mrs. Plummer's notes on the occurrence of this species are givenhere:In the Midway formation P. cushmani is most frequent in the glauconiticsands and clays in the upper part of the transition zone, which in the beltof outcrop northeast of the Mexia area is marked by phosphatic nodules andsouthwest of this same area by the abundance of Venericardia bulla. In someoutcropping clays it is of sufficient abundance to be detected with the aid of ahand lens. Because no other formation in the Texas geologic section has yieldeda compressed Polymorphine test bearing strong longitudinal markings, P. cush-mani becomes very useful as a Midway signpost. The underlying Navarroformation carries very rarely a somewhat similar large species that is muchsmoother and possesses fewer chambers in its fullest development.POLYMORPHINA COMPLANATA d'OrbignyPlate 30, figures 9 a, bPolymorphina complanata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846,p. 234, pi. 13, figs. 25-30.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans.Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 230, pi. 40, figs. 14 a, b; woodcuts f-j.Test rhombic in outline, much compressed, greatest breadth abovethe middle, acute toward the initial end ; chambers elongate, slender,
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compressed, arranged in a regular biserial series, alternating almostequally upon the two sides, slightly embracing, each succeedingchamber removed farther from the base; sutures slightly depressed,distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.25 mm.; breadth 0.95 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm.Polymorphina complanata is highly specialized and can be easilydistinguished from any other described species by its much compressedand rhombic test. The arrangement of the chambers is also veryregular and entirely biserial, and a Guttnlina-like stage is skipped inthis species.Many forms are recorded as Polymorphina complanata from variousparts of the world, but are all different from the species described byd'Orbigny from the Vienna Basin.Distribution.?The present species is only known from the Tortonian,Amphistegina marl, at Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, whereit is fairly common. Ozawa collected more than 50 specimens fromthis locality. D 'Orbigny reported its occurrence in the Tortonian clayof Baden, but there is no original or paratype specimen of the presentspecies from Baden, and Ozawa could not find any specimen like thepresent one in all the material he collected and prepared from thatlocality. POLYMORPHINA ADVENA CuslunanPlate 30, figures 10 a, bPolymorphina advena Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-F,1922, p. 132, pi. 31, fig. 4; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5,1929, p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 5.Test much cdmpressed, broadly ovate; chambers numerous, elon-gate, alternating, much the broadest near the peripheral end; suturesslightly depressed, very oblique; surface ornamented with numerousfine longitudinal costae, except the last-formed one or two chambers,which are smooth, at least at the apertural end; aperture radiate.Length 0.40-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.22-0.30 mm.; thickness 0.05-0.06 mm.Type specimen from the Lower Oligocene, Mmt Spring marl,Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. It is also known from theByram marl of Byram, Miss.This species is an unusual one for this genus, appearing much morehke a Bolivina, but it has the characteristic aperture of Polymorphina.It is perhaps most closely related to Polymorphina complanatad'Orbigny. POLYMORPHINA FRONDEA (Cushman)Plate 30, figures 11 a, 6Bolivina frondea Cushman, XJ. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, 1922, p,126, pi. 29, fig. 3; Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 20.Polymorphina frondea Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5,1929, p. 41.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 119Test compressed, of uniform thiclaiess, the broad sides nearlyparallel, oblong, broadest above the middle, acuminate toward theinitial end, margins with a raised rim; chambers compressed, elon-gated, alternating; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, oftenwith obscure fine costae; aperture radiate.Length 0.50-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.04-0.05 mm.Polymorphina frondea is one of the most clearly marked species ofPolymorphina. Its raised margins are very characteristic, and noother known species has such margins. Otherwise, it is closelyrelated to Polymorphina advena, which is always ornamented on itssurface and has a rounded periphery.Distribution.?The species is characteristic of the lower Oligocene ofthe Coastal Plain region of the United States; Byram marl, Byram,Miss. ; Glendon limestone, below waterfall in Glass Bayou, Vicksburg,Miss.; west bank of Conecuh River at McGowan's Bridge, about1 mile below the mouth of the Sepulga River, Ala.; Marianna lime-stone, bluff east of small branch about Iji miles northeast of Brandon,Miss. ; Mint Spring marl, Chickasawhaj^ River, 1 K miles northwest ofmouth of Limestone Creek, 4 miles northwest of Waynesboro, andlYi miles southwest of Boice, Miss. ; Red Bluff clay, St. Stephen's Bluff,right bank of Tombigbee River, about 9 miles above Jackson, Ala.POLYMORPHINA CHARLOTTENSIS CushmanPlate 31, figures 1-6Polymorphina charlotiensis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,vol. 1, 1925, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 9.
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Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ.Geol. and Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 72, pi. 13, fig. 8; pi. 15, figs. 11, 12;pi. 16, fig. 1.Polymorphina compressa Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913,p. 89, pi. 40, fig. 3.Polymorphina complanata Bagg (not d'Orbigny), Bull. 513, U. S. Geol.Survey, 1912, p. 69, pi. 20, figs. 13, 14.Polymorphina biserialis Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927,p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 4.Polymorphina elongata Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927,p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 7.Test elongate, more or less compressed, tapering slightly from thebroadly rounded initial end, edges more or less angular; chamberscompressed, not much elongated, arranged at first in a clockAvise,sigmoid series in the microspheric form, but in an almost alternatingbiserial series in the megalospheric form, each succeeding chamberremoved much farther from the base; sutures not depressed, generallylimbate and distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate.Maximum length, 3.10 mm. ; breadth, 0.85 mm. ; thickness, 0.30 mm.Polymorphina charlotiensis is generally very large, attaining 3millimeters in length. Bagg described and figured the present spe-
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
cies under the name Polymorphina complanata d'Orbignj^^, but thetwo have almost no features in common excepting the alternatingchambers.Cushman described and figured the microspheric form of the presentspecies from British Columbia.To the same form Galloway and Wissler later gave the namePolymorphina elongata, which is considered by them to be the sameas Bagg's Polymorphina compressa, but Bagg's P. compressa hasdepressed sutures and more rounded chambers, the characteristics ofPseudopolymorphina, and is quite different from Galloway andWissler's P. elongata. Moreover, P. elongata is preoccupied byFornasini in 1902.Polymorphina biserialis Galloway and Wissler, reported from thePliocene of Timms Point, Calif., is evidently a full-grown specimenof the present species.Distribution.?Polymorphina charlottensis is a species limited to thePacific as far as known. It is only known from the late Tertiary andas a Recent species. We have specimens from the following localities:Recent.?Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, 25 fathoms.Albatross D 4825, D 4826, D 4878 off Japan, 84-114 fathoms.Pleistocene.?Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, California.Pliocene.?Timms Point, San Pedro, California. Natsukawa,Province of Echigo, Japan.POLYMORPHINA LINGULATA StachePlate 31, figures 7 a, bPolymorphina lingulata Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 255, pi. 24, fig. 1 a, b.Polymorphina sacculus Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 259, pi. 24, fig. 6 a, b.Polymorphina pernaeformis Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 256, pi. 24, fig. 2 a, b.Polymorphina gigantea Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 262, pi. 24, fig. 9 a, b.Polymorphina cognata Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2.1864, p. 257, pi. 24, fig. 3 a, b.Polymorphina contorta Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 257, pi. 24, fig. 4 a, b.Polymorphina marsupium Stache, Novara Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, Abt. 2,1864, p. 258, pi. 24, fig. 5 a, b.?Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Surv.,Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 68, pi. 5, fig. 5.Polymorphina regularis Munster var. lingulata Chapman, New ZealandGeol. Surv., Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 67, pi. 5, figs. 1, 3, 4, 6.Polymorphina regularis Munster var. pernaeformis Chapman, New ZealandGeol. Surv. Pal. Bull. No. 11, 1926, p. 67, pi. 5, fig. 2.Polymorphina regularis Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Surv., Pal. Bull. No.11; 1926, p. 67, pi. 5, fig. 9 a, b.Test compressed, oval (young) to oblong (adult), tapering towardboth ends; chambers elongated, alternating, arranged in a nearly
AKT. 6 FOKAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 121biserial series from the start; sutures not depressed, limbate, distinct;wall smooth; aperture radiate.Ozawa examined the original specimens of P. lingulata, P. pernae-formis, P. cognata, P. contorta, P. marsupium, and P. sacculum de-posited in the department of geology and paleontology, Museum ofNatural History of Vienna, and is convinced that the difference amongthese species is not more than the range of variation of individualsof one species.We have no specimens like the present species. It closely resemblesP. charlottensis found in the Pacific, but the test is much broader,consisting of elongated chambers. Polymorphina subrhombica fromthe lower Eocene of New Jersey appears to be very close to Polymor-phina lingulata, but it has straight sutures, wider chambers and amore compressed test.Distribution.?Stache's species were from the Tertiary of NewZealand. POLYMORPHINA SCHLUMBERGERI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 31, figures 8 a, bTest compressed, fusiform in outline, rather obtuse at both ends,margin even, periphery rounded; chambers compressed, elongated,arranged at first in a contraclockwise, sigmoid series, later becomingregularly biserial; sutures not depressed, distinct; wall smooth,rather thick, polished; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.90 mm. ; breadth 0.50 mm. ; thickness 0.20 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11791.) From the Miocene, Aqui-tanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, France.In its arrangement of chambers it is very similar to Polymorphinafornasinii, but it has a rather obtuse end, the sutures not depressed,and the later chambers more elongate.POLYMORPHINA HOWCHINI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 31, figures 9 a, bTest elongated, compressed, broadly rounded at the base, more orless tapering toward the obtuse apertural end; periphery rounded;chambers, much longer than broad, slightly inflated, overlapping,alternating in a biserial series; sutures very little depressed, not verydistinct; wall thick, partly ornamented by numerous fine costaebetter developed near the base; aperture large, radiate.Length of holotype 2 mm.; breadth 1.05 mm.; thickness 0.45 mm.Holotype.? (Cushman Coll. No. 9771.) From the Lower Pliocene,McDonalds, Muddy Creek, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia.The present species is fairly large, and in general outline it resemblesPolymorphina frondiformis from the Crag of England, but it is much
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol 77thicker and the numerous costae, although only partly developed,are much finer. It is named for Rev. W. Howchin, of Australia.POLYMORPHINA FRONDIFORMIS Searles WoodPlate 31, figures 10 a, bPolymorphina frondiformis Searles Wood, in Morris, Catal. Brit. Fossils,1843, p. 62.
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Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady, Crag. Foram., Pal.Soc, vol. 19, 1866, App. i, ii (footnotes), pi. 1, figs. 62, 63, 69.?H. B.Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 241,pi. 41, figs. 33 a-c.?Jones, Foram. Crag., pt. 3, 1896, p. 271, pi. 1,figs. 62, 63; pi. 4, figs. 11-14.Test elongate, oval, greatest breadth above the middle, more acutetoward the base than the apertural end; chambers elongate, com-pressed, not much embracing, arranged in an entirely biserial series,each succeeding chamber removed much farther from the base; wallrather thick, ornamented with irregular, rough, longitudinal costae,interrupted at the sutures, sometimes almost smooth; sutures butlittle depressed, not very distinct; aperture radiate.Our largest specimen measures, length' 3.40 mm. ; breadth 1.60 mm.
;
thickness 0.30 mm.Polymorphina frondiformis with generally large dimensions is oneof the most specialized and well-defined species of the genus. Itssurface ornamentation is not definite, but is usually present to agreater or less extent. It consists of circular or oval beads or of moreor less interrupted costae distributed unequally in a longitudinaldirection over the flat sides of the test.Distribution.?The present species appears to be limited to the Cragin England, in which it is rather common. Searles Wood first reportedit from the Crag at Sutton, near Colchester, where our specimenswere also obtained. Brady, Parker, and Jones record it from theCoralline Crag of East Anglia.GeBus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushmait and Ozawa, 1928SIGMOMORPHINA NYSTI (Reuss)Plate 32, figures 1 a, bPolymorphina regularis Mxjnster var. nysti Reuss, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci.Belg., ser. 2, vol. 15, 1863, p. 152, pi. 3, fig. 42.Test compressed, lanceolate, greatest breadth in the upper half,tapering toward the base, margin angulatej chambers elongated,arranged in an open, clockwise, sigmoid series, each succeeding cham-ber removed much farther from the base; sutures not depressed,almost straight, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 1.15 mm.; breadth 0.45 mm.; thick-ness 0.20 mm.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA : POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 123The present species is described by Reuss as a variety of Polymor-phina regularis and the varietal name ^'nysti" is only used in the ex-planation of the figure. It is related to the German Oligocene speciesS. regularis in some features, but the present species has shorter andnoninflated chambers and the test is narrower with straight sides.Distribution.?Reuss recorded this species from the Crag of Ant-werp. We have found it in the Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, LeCoquillat, Leognan, France, a specimen from this locality beingfigured here. SIGMOMORPHINA JACKSONENSIS (Cushman)Plate 32, figures 2 a, hPolymorphina jacksonensis Cxjshman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,vol. 2, 1926, p. 35, pi. 5, figs. 5 a, b.Polymorphina compressa Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 84, 1928,p. 93, pi. 6, figs. 18, 19.Test broad and compressed, periphery broadly rounded, aperturalend narrowed to a slightly produced aperture; chambers elongate,slightly inflated, embracing, arranged in a contraclockwise, sigmoidseries, each succeeding chamber removed farther from the base;sutures very slightly depressed, distinct, almost straight; wall thick,smooth; aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.10 mm. ; breadth 0.65 mm. ; thickness 0.25 mm.Sigmomorphina jacksonensis more or less resembles S. regularis insome features, but the latter has more inflated chambers arranged ina clockwise, sigmoid series.Distribution.?The type locality for this species is near Blue Springs,Jackson County, Fla. The other localities of our specimens are asfollows: Upper Eocene, Jackson, Miss. Jackson, west bank ofChickasawhay River, IK miles south of Shubuta, Wayne Countj^, Ala.
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on small stream entering Conecuh River, NE. % sec. 6, T. 3 N., R. 15E., 1 mile east of Beck, Covington County; about 3K miles southeastof Culiomburg, road from Bladen Springs to MOlry. Cocoa sand,Cocoa post oflSce. Ocala limestone, branch at road in sec. 7, T. 6 N.,R. 6 E., m miles southwest of Perdue Hill, Monroe County, Ala.Barnwell sand, Barnwell County, S. C. Claiborne, Lisbon formation,1 mile north of Watubbee Station, Clarke County, Miss. It occurs atnumerous other Claiborne localities not listed here. Trinidad, MountMoriah beds, Vistabeila quarry.SIGMOMORPHINA JACKSONENSIS (Cushman) var. COSTIFERA (Cushman)Plate 32, figurse 3 a, bPolymorphina jacksonensis Cushman var. costifera Cushman, Contr. Cush-man Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 35.Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test,which in the varietv has several rounded longitudinal costae on the
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77basal portion of the test, sometimes covering a large portion of thesurface. As a rule the variety and the typical form do not occurtogether, although both occur at Jackson, Miss., and at a station 1mile east of Beck, Covington County, Ala.Maximum length 1.20 mm. ; breadth 0.50 mm. ; thickness 0.13 mm.Distribution.?The localities of the variety in our collection are allfrom the upper Eocene. Jackson formation, Mississippi, roadside onhill above pumping station, Jackson; BluflP on Garlands Creek, about5 miles northeast of Shubuta, Clarke County; large ravine about 1mile south of Yazoo City, Yazoo County. Alabama, east bankof Sepulga River, about 4 miles northeast of Brooklyn, ConecuhCounty; road from Perdue Hill to Claiborne, Monroe County; bankof small stream entering Conecuh River, northeast Yi sec. 6, T. 3 N.,R. 15 E., 1 mile east of Beck, Covington County. Georgia, Rich Hill,Crawford County, 6 miles southeast of Roberta. Florida, road nearBlue Springs, Jackson County. South Carolina, Barnwell sand,Barnwell County.A few specimens evidently of this variety are from the Gosport sandof the Claiborne, near Claiborne, Ala.SIGMOMORPHINA CHAPMA>n[ (Heron-Allen and Earland)Plate 32, figures 4, 5Polymorphina chapmani Heron-Allen and Earland, Journ. Roy. Micr.Soc, 1924, p. 163, pi. 10, figs. 60-63.
"Test compressed, sharp at the marginal edges; thickest at a pointbetween the edge and the median line, which is somewhat depressed;consisting of 4 to 6 pairs of chambers, rapidly increasing in size,arranged alternately on each side of the median line. The wholeshell has a spiral twist to the extent of about a quarter of a convolu-tion on this median axis. Sutures flush and obscure but thick.Aperture typical but inconspicuous. Not infrequent and one of themost striking forms in the deposits. Its structure is very obscure, butit appears to represent a thin and sharply carinate and twisted formof P. humboldti Bornemann. Length 0.80-1.50 mm."Distribution.?Janjukian, "Filter quarry," Batesford, Victoria,Australia.Sigmomorphina chapmani is one of the best defined species amongthe genus. We have examined material from Filter quarry, but nospecimen of this species was found; therefore Heron-Allen andEarland's description is cited above, and their figures are copied here.SIGMOMORPHINA NUTTALLI Cushman and O/^wa. new speciesPlate 32, figures 6 a, bTest compressed, more or less inflated in the median, longitudinalarea, rounded at the base, periphery somewhat acutely edged;
iET.6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 125chambers elongated, arranged in a clockwise, sigmoid series, eachsucceeding chamber much farther removed from the base; sutures notdepressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.45 mm.; thickness 0.20mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11799.) From the Eocene, MountMoriah beds, yellow sandy clay overlying orbitoidal limestone,Vistabella quarry, Trinidad, British West Indies.In general features it is very similar to S. jacksonensis, but thesigmoid arrangement of chambers in the present species is clock-wise, while in S. jacksonensis, it is contraclockwise. We have nospecimens of S. jacksonensis having a clockwise arrangement ofchambers. The species from Trinidad, although they are representedby but few specimens, are clockwise. Therefore the Trinidad speci-mens are separated from the Jackson species, and the specific namenuttalli is given for Dr. W. L. F. Nuttall who has described manyspecies from Trinidad.SIGMOMORPHINA PLINTH (Cushman)Plate 32, figures 7 a-cPolymorphina flintii Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 155,pi. 40, fig. 10.Test oval or somewhat rhomboidai, compressed, margin more orless angulate; chambers elongated, slightly inflated, arranged in aclockwise, sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber removed fartherfrom the base; sutures distract, but very slightly depressed; wallsmooth, thick; aperture radiate.Maximum length, 2.50 mm. ; breadth, 1.35 mm. ; thickness, 0.55 mm.This is a large well-characterized species in its more or less com-pressed test, consisting of elongated chambers arranged in a clock-wise sigmoid series.Distribution.?This species occurs at a large number of Albatrossstations off the eastern coast of the United States at depths rangingfrom 56-72 fathoms. Somewhat similar specimens occur in theupper Pliocene of Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, and in theMiocene, Janjukian, of Filter quarry, Batesford, Victoria, Australia.SIGMOMORPHINA PSEUDOREGULARIS Cushman and ThomasPlate 32, figures 8 a-cSigmomorpha (Sigmomorphina) pseudoregularis Cushman and Thomas, Journ.Pal., vol. 3, 1929, p. 178, pi. 23, figs. 5 a-c.Polymorphina regularis Stadnichenko (not von Miinster), Journ. Pal., vol. 1,1927, p. 231, pi. 38, figs. 18, 19.Test large; length about twice the width and thickness a littlemore than half the width; median longitudinal ridge on both sideswith sutures sloping backward, both right and left sets beginning at
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
right side of ridge, the left set crossing the ridge and bending in a gen-tle curve backward, while those on the right begin at the right of theridge and extend backward in a more nearly direct fashion, both setsreaching the periphery and giving the shell only a semiequitant ap-pearance, the two sides so nearly equal as to give a bilateral sym-metry; aperture round, radiate, the apertural end showing fourchambers.Length of holotype, 0.70 mm. ; width, 0.32 mm. ; thickness, 0.12 mm.Holohjpe.?Cat. No. 371021, U.S.N.M.It differs from any other known Sigmomorphina in its stronglyinflated longitudinal ridge developed in the portion corresponding tothe line of the apertures of each of the sigmoid series of chambers.Distribution.?Eocene, 17K miles south of Palestine Road onGrapeland Road, first creek crossed hj fording north of Grapeland,Houston County, Tex. It occurs in the Mount Selman and CooksMountain greensands of the Eocene of Texas.SIGMOMORPHINA REGULARIS (v. Munster)Plate 33, figures 1 a, hPolymorphina regularis v. Munster, in Roemer, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., etc.,1838, p. 385, pi. 3, fig. 21.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855(1856), p. 247, pi. 7, figs. 70-73.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones,Trans. Linn. See, vol. 27, 1869, p. 229, pi. 40, figs. 13 a-c?Weller,Geol. Surv.New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, 1907, p. 253, pi. 3, figs.29-31.Polymorphina anceps Philippi, Beitr. Kennt. Tert. nordwest. Deutschlands,1843, p. 41, pi. 1, fig. 34.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18,1855 (1856), p. 246, pi. 6, fig. 68; pi. 7, fig. 69; vol. 50, abt. 1, 1864,p. 472, pi. 3, figs. 11, 12; pi. 4, figs. 1-3; Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss.Wien, vol. 25, 1865, p. 155, pi. 4, figs. 9-11.?H. B. Brady, Parker,and Jones, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 223, pi. 39, fig. 8 a-c.Polymorphina compressa Philippi, Beitr. Kennt. Tert. nordwest. Deutsch-lands, 1843, p. 69, pi. 1, fig. 35.Polymorphina humboldti Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol.7, 1855, p. 347, pi. 18, figs. 7, 8.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones,Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 236, pi. 40, figs. 21 a, 6.?Reuss,Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 488.? v. Schlicht,Foram. Septar. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 32, figs. 23-26, 29-32, 35-38.Test oval (young) to oblong (adult), compressed, broadest in theupper half, margin angular; chambers compressed, long, arranged ina clockwise, sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber removed muchfarther from the base; sutures not depressed, limbate; wall smooth,translucent; aperture radiate.Maximum length of our specimens, 2.70 mm.; breadth, 1.20 mm.;thickness, 0.65 mm.This species has been described by German authors under differ-ent names as the above synonymy shows. This is not surprising;
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEEA : FOLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 127and if we compare only the figures, we are easily led to separate theminto many species.Roemer's figures of Polymorphina regularis are fairly well drawnand show the characteristics of the species?a clockwise sigmoidarrangement of chambers, each succeeding chamber removed fartherfrom the base. Accordingly, the side view shows that on the rightside more than two-thirds of the surface is occupied by a series ofregularly arranged, not much embracing, elongate chambers, whileon the left is a series of a lesser number of much embracing, wide,and short chambers.Bornemann's figures of Polymorphina humboldti appear to be moreinflated than Polymorphina regularis, but all of Bornemann's speci-mens are few chambered and undoubtedly represent young stages ofthe present species as his measurements show. Bornemann's speci-mens measure from 0.6 mm. to 1.5 mm. in length while Roemer'sspecimen having numerous chambers is much larger, attaining almost3 mm. in length. We have a good series of the species from youngto adult obtained from Cassel, Germany.Strictly speaking, it is not certain whether or not Reuss's Poly-morphina regularis is the same as that figured by Roemer, because,when he described Polymorphina anceps Philippi in 1855 ^? he placedunder its synonymy the Polymorphina regularis described by him in1851 and Polymorphina compressa Philippi not Polymorphina regularisV. Miinster in Roemer. Moreover, he gave the precedence to Poly-morphina anceps described later than Polymorphina regularis. How-ever, his figures of Polymorphina anceps in the same paper are allgiven the name of Polymorphina regularis. Reuss's figures show thathis Polymorphina. anceps or regularis has the chambers regularlyalternating in a biserial series as in Polymorphina compressa andP. anceps reported by Philippi, and as far as his figures are concernedhis species as well as Philippi's Polymorphina anceps differs from eitherPolymorphina regularis v. Miinster or Polymorphina humboldtiBornemann.We have examined a large number of specimens obtained from theOligocene deposits of various localities in Germany, but could notfind any specimen like Philippi's Polymorphina anceps which, ac-cording to Reuss, is not rare. Therefore it maj' be supposed thatPolymorphina anceps is the same as Polymorphina regularis, and thefigures of the species given by Philippi and Reuss are much conven-tionalized according to their conception of the Polymorphinidae.Specimens having a sigmoid arrangement of chambers are very oftenmistaken by various authors and not well drawn.
to Zur Fauna des deutschen oberoligocens etc., p. 38.
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77Distribution.?SigmomorpJiina regularis is one of the specializedspecies and appears to be limited to the German Oligocene andpossibly the Cooper marl of the United States. We have specimensfrom the following localities
:
Oligocene.?Germany, Ahnatal, near Cassel (abundant); Herms-dorf, near Berlin; Doberg, near Biinde; Escherhausen ; Diisseldorf;Dickholzen, Hildesheimeswald.Upper Eocene.?Cooper marl, United States, Cooper River, S. C;pit on United States Highway No. 17 about 1 mile south of MoncksCorner, Berkeley County, S. C.SIGMOMORPHINA FRONDICULARIFORMIS (Galloway and Wissler)Plate 33, figures 2 a, bPolymorphina frondiculariformis Galloway and Wisslek, Journ. Pal., vol.1, 1927, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 6.Sigmomorpha (Sigmomorphina) frondiculariformis Cushman and Ozawa,Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, pi. 2, fig. 12.
?
Cush-man, Special Publ. No. 1, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1928, pi. 27,fig. 12.
?
Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929,p. 81, pi. 17, fig. 23.Frondicularia inaequalis Bagg (not Costa), Bull. 513, U. S. Geol. Survey,1912, p. 60, pi. 18, figs. 1, 2.Test elongate, lanceolate, compressed, the initial end with aprominent spine; chambers elongated, compressed, arranged in acontraclockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber only slightlyremoved from the base; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wallsmooth; aperture produced, radiate.Maximum length 2 mm.; breadth 0.70 mm.; thickness 0.20 mm.The present species is one of the well defined species of the genus.Its elongated chambers arranged in an open sigmoid series and itsstrong initial spine are the characteristics of the species by which it iseasily distinguished from others of the genus.Distribution.?This species is only known from the later Tertiaryin California and Recent ofT the coast. It is common in the upperPliocene of Timms point, San Pedro, Calif., and rare in the Pleis-tocene of Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills. We also have thespecies from off La JoUa, Calif.sigmomorphina TORTA (Galloway and Wissler)Plate 33, figure 3Polymorphina torta Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927,p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 5.Sigmomorphina torta Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6,1929, p. 81.Test elongate, elliptical, acuminate toward the base, compressedand twisted, the initial end with a blunt spine; chambers elongate,
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 129
slightly twisted, not much embracing, arranged in a contraclockwisesigmoid series, each succeeding chamber removed farther from thebase; sutures but little depressed, distinct; wall smooth; apertureproduced, radiate.Maximum length 1.50 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm.Sigmomorphina torta is evidently related to Sigmomorphina frondi-culariformis from which it is derived by having the chambers shortenedand more or less curved and accordingly the test is twisted. It isone of the most specialized species of the genus.Distribution.?Galloway and Wissler described the species from thePleistocene D. M. S. and B. quarry, Lomita, Palos Verdes Hills, andfrom the Pliocene of Timms Point, Calif. We have specimens fromboth localities, and also Recent specimens from off the southernCalifornia coast. SIGMOMORPHINA SEMITECTA (Renss)Plate 33, figures 6, 7Polymorphina semiteda Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 55, pt. 1, 1867,p. 91, pi. 3, fig. 10.Polymorphina lucida d'Okbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266, No.18.?FoENASiNi, Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 10, 1902,p. 51, fig. 50 (in text).Test compressed, oval to ovate, broadly rounded at the base, taper-ing toward the aperture; chambers elongate, arranged in a clockwisesigmoid series, all extending down to the base, but not involute;sutures scarcely depressed, distinct; wall smooth, the apertural endoften with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate.Length 0.55 mm.; breadth 0.37 mm.; thickness 0.12 mm.The nearest ally of the present species is Sigmomorphina undulosa,which has elongated chambers arranged in a sigmoid series, but eachsucceeding chamber is much farther removed from the base and notextending down to the base, as in the present species.Guttulina lucida d'Orbigny, figured by Fornasini, is undoubtedly ayoung specimen of the present species.Distribution.?We have specimens referable to the present speciesfrom the following localities
:
Miocene.?France, Aquitanien superieur. La Brede, Larriey. Hun-gary, Tortonian shell sand, Varpolata.Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Parnes (Les B6ves).SIGMOMORPHINA SEMITECTA (Reuss) var. TERQUEMIANA (Fornasini)Plate 33, figures 4, 5; Plate 34, figures 2, 3; Plate 35, figure 1.Polymorphina amygdaloides Reuss var. terquemiana Fornasini, Mem. Accad.Istit. Sci. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902 (1902), p. 72, fig. 25 (in text).Polymorphina amygdaloides Terquem, Mem. Soc. G6ol. France, ser. 3, vol.2, 1882, p. 141, pi. 14 (22), figs. 30, 31.92709?30 9
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vot. 77Polymorphina pauperata Terqtjem, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 38, pi. 3 (8), figs. 11 a to 19.Globulina varians Terquem, M^m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 2, 1882, p.128, pi. 13 (21), figs, 9-16.Variety differing from the typical in its more elongate lanceolatetest consisting of elongated chambers and more acute initial end.Polymorphina pauperata Terquem, described from the Pliocene ofthe Isle of Rhodes, is a compressed lanceolate form having an acuteinitial end. It is a few-chambered specimen and resembles a com-pressed Globulina. We have several such specimens which are invari-ably small, and they appear to us to represent a young stage of thepresent variety. Globulina varians Terquem from the Eocene ofVaudancourt may be also placed under the present species, as faras his first and second figures are concerned.Distribution.?We have specimens more or less typical from thefollowing locahties
:
Recent.?Mediterranean, 10-14 fathoms, off the island of Delos.Pliocene.?Italy, Castel Arquato.Miocene.?France, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan;Moulin de I'Eghse, Saucats.
? Eocene.?France, Lutetien, Chaussy; Grignon. United States,Jackson, east bank of Sepulga River, about 4 miles northeast ofBrooklyn, Conecuh County, Ala.; Rich Hill, Crawford County, Ga.SIGMOMORPHINA SCHWAGERI (Karrer)Plate 34, figures 1 a-cPolymorphina schwageri Karrek, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 9, 1877,p. 384, pi. 16 b, fig. 43.Polymorphina (Guttulina) megapolitana Clodius, Archiv. Ver. Fremde Nat.Mecklenburg, 75 Jahr., 1922, p. 126, pi. 1, fig. 9 a-c.Polymorphina regularis Hosius, Ver. Nat. Hist. Vereins Pr. Rheinlande,vol. 50, 1893, p. 107, pi. 2, fig. 8.Test elongate, equilateral, equally compressed on either side,margin rounded; chambers slightly inflated, not much overlapping,arranged in a clockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamberremoved farther from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct;wall thick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of figured specimen 1.80 mm.; breadth 0.95 mm.; thickness0.30 mm.Karrer's Polymorphina schwageri is fairly well drawn in its sigmoidarrangement of chambers, although he did not describe it correctly.It is a well-defined species, and there is no other to be confused withit. Sigmomorphina regularis has the same arrangement of chambers,but it is more compressed, especially on the margin.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 131Polymorphina megapoliiana, described by Clodius from the Mioceneof Mecklenburg, is placed under the present species although it has aspine at the initial end.Distribution.?The present species seems to be limited to the laterTertiary in Europe. Karrer described it from Lapugy in Siebenbur-gen. Clodius's specimens are also from the Miocene. We have itfrom the Crag of Sutton, England, and from the Miocene, Burdigalieninferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France. A form very similar tothis occurs in the upper Pliocene, Natsukawa limestone, Natsukawa,Province of Echigo, Japan.SIGMOMORPHINA UNDULOSA (Terquem)Plate 34, figures 4, 5Polymorphina amygdaloides Terquem (not Reuss), Mem. Soc. Geol. France,ser. 3, vol. 1, 1878, p. 39, pi. 3 (8), figs. 22, 25 (not 23, 24, 26-30).Polymorphina undulosa Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1,1878, p. 41, pi. 3 (8), figs. 35 a, h, (not 36).Test oval to ovate, compressed; chambers elongated, embracing,arranged in a contraclbckwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chambernot much removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, rather thin, often covered with fistulose tubes; apertureradiate.Maximum length 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm.This species is undoubtedly related to Guttulina ladea, from whichit is derived by losing the quinqueloculine arrangement of chambersand becoming sigmoidal. The direction of the sigmoid arrangementof chambers appears not to be definitely fixed, and rarely thereare some specimens showing a clockwise sigmoid arrangement ofchambers.Some figures of Polymorphina amygdaloides Terquem (the firstfigure of the species, 22, and fig. 25, ? 26), described in 1878, coincidewith the present species, but the specific name amygdaloides is pre-occupied by Reuss in 1856 {Glohulina amygdaloides Reuss in 1851);therefore undulosa is chosen for the present species.Distribution.?S. undulosa occurs in European late Tertiary de-posits as well as in the Recent state. We have specimens of thespecies from the localities listed below:Recent.?Atlantic, Lord Bandon, dredgings southwest of Ireland;coast of Iceland; coast of Brazil; Dry Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms.Pliocene.?England, Crag of Sutton.SIGMOMORPHINA LAMARCKI Cnshman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 34, figures 6 a-cTest oval, rounded at the base, obtuse at the apertural end, com-pressed, periphery rounded; chambers much longer than wide,
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
slightly compressed, slightly embracing, arranged in a clockwisesigmoid series, each succeeding chamber farther removed from thebase; sutures somewhat depressed, distinct; wall entirely ornamentedby numerous fine costae, rather thick; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.62 mm. ; breadth 0.32 mm. ; thickness 0.15 mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11840.) From the Eocene (Lute-tien), Campbon, France.The general outline is very similar to Sigmomorphina semitecta,but it is ornamented and the test has a tendency to elongate. Thespecific name is given for Lamarck.SIGMOMORPHINA PEARCEYI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 35, figures 2, 3Polymcrphina inflata Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburg, vol. 49, 1914, p.1,023, pi. 2, figs. 14^16.Test elongate, clavate, the greatest breadth in the upper half,tapering toward the base, apertural end rounded; chambers more orless compressed, early ones elongated, later becoming rounded,generally the last one much inflated and large, arranged in a contra-clockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber, especially the lastone or two, removed farther from the base; sutures depressed, distinct;wall smooth, thin, translucent; aperture near the center of the lastchamber, with short entosolenian tube.Length of largest specimen 0.80 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.; thickness0.45 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11841.) From off Dry Tortugas,Fla., 18 fathoms.The later chambers of the present species tend to become morecircular and are removed farther from the base, yet they are arrangedin a sigmoid series. This species is well characterized and for the firsttime described by Pearcey under the name " Polymorphina inflata,"but the name is preoccupied first by Zittel in 1876, and secondly byTerquem in 1886. Zittel's Polymorphina inflata is apparently a mis-take for P. lactea Williamson, as explained by Sherborn. Glohulinainflata Reuss is different from either ZittePs or Terquem's P. inflata.We can not use the specific name "inflata" for the present species;therefore "pearceyi" is proposed for Pearcey, the first recorder of thespecies.Distribution.?It is a very rare species. Pearcey recorded it fromthe Scottish Antarctic Expedition collections. We have one specimenfrom the Eocene of Val di Lonte, Italy, and two specimens from theAtlantic, off Gasp6, between Ship Head and Cape Bonne Ami, 30fathoms, and off the Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms. The range of thesethree specimens seems to show that even though they seem very muchalike, more material may show that these are not all the same.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 133SIGMOMORPHINA CRASSA (Roemer)Plate 35, figures 4, 5Polymorphina crassa Roemer, Neues Jahrb. f. Min. etc., 1838, p. 385, pi. 3,fig. 27.?Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856), p. 250,pi. 8, fig. 82.Polymorphina crassatina v. Munster, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1838,p. 385, pi. 3, fig. 30.GuttuUna robusta Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856), p. 246,pi. 6, fig. 65.Polymorphina problema d'Orbigny var. deltoidea Reuss, Denkschr. k. Akad.Wiss. Wien, vol. 25, 1865, p. 154, pi. 4, fig. 8.Polymorphina insignis Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 18, 1855 (1856),p. 248, pi. 7, figs. 74, 75.Test broadly oval to oblong, greatest width above the middle;chambers inflated, arranged at first in a quinqueloculine series, becom-ing biserial later, each succeeding chamber removed much fartherfrom the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall thick, smooth; aper-ture radiate.Maximum length 2.25 mm.; breadth 1.60 mm.; thickness 0.45 mm.Sigmomorphina crassa is fairly large, and even a young specimen,which may closely resemble GuttuUna problema in general features, ismuch larger than an adult of that species. This circumstance has ledReuss to give the present species several specific names in differentstages of growth. Our study of a large number of specimensobtained from the German Oligocene, showed that Reuss's Polymor-phina problema var. deltoidea is a young phase of P. crassa. HisGuttuUna robusta, together with Polymorphina (GuttuUna) crassatinaMunster, has one more chamber added. Polymorphina insignis, avery large specimen attaining to 2.6 mm. in length, is the adult andhas the later chambers arranged in a sigmoid series as in Sigmomor-phina crassa (Roemer)
.
Distribution.?The present species seems to be restricted to theGerman Oligocene where specimens are fairly common. We haveabundant specimens from the upper Ohgocene of Ahnatal, nearCassel, Germany.SIGMOMORPHINA SCHENCKI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 35, figures 6 a, bTest compressed, broadly ovate, greatest breadth near the base;chambers elongated, embracing, arranged in a clockwise sigmoidseries, each succeeding chamber slightly removed from the base;sutures not depressed, distinct; wall rather thick, smooth; apertureradiate.Length of holotype 1.20 mm. ; breadth 0.90 mm. ; thickness 0.40 mm.Eolotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 10147.) From the Oligocene(Keasey shale), Oregon.
PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77In the general outline, it resembles Japanese Pliocene Sigmomor-phina kotoi, but it is much larger and the chambers broader comparedwith the length. It more or less resembles Sigmomorphina crassafrom the German Oligocene, but it has an advanced sigmoid arrange-ment of chambers, and the chambers are much elongated.The species is named for Dr. H. G. Schenck of the GeologicalDepartment of Stanford University.SIGMOMORPHINA KOTOI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 35, figures 7 a, hTest compressed, ovate, broadly rounded at the base, taperingtoward the aperture, periphery somewhat angulate; chambers moreor less compressed, elongated, arranged in a clockwise sigmoidseries, each succeeding chamber slightly removed from the base;sutures not depressed, distinct; wall smooth, translucent; apertureradiate.Length of holotype 0.65 mm. ; breadth 0.40 mm. ; thickness 0.17 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11848.) From the upper Pliocene,Natsukawa, in Province of Echigo, Japan.The characteristic feature of the present species is its ovate testcomposed of elongated chambers which extend down to the base.The species is named for Emeritus Prof. B. Koto, Imperial Universityof Tokyo, Japan.Distribution.?Known onl}^ from the upper Pliocene of Japan.SIGMOMORPHINA TRINITATENSIS Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 36, figures 1, 2Test elongated, greatest breadth near the base, broadly rounded atthe base, uniformly tapering toward the acute apertural end; cham-bers elongated, more or less cylindrical, embracing, arranged in aclockwise sigmoid series; sutures not depressed, distinct; wall ratherthick, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 1.45 mm. ; breadth 0.90 mm. ; thickness 0.55 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11849.) From the Eocene, Hermit-age quarry, Dumfries Road, Trinidad, British West Indies.The elongated test, somewhat like an isosceles triangle in its sideview, is very characteristic of the species.Distribution.?In addition to the Trinidad specimens, we have avery similar specimen from the Eocene of Vincentown, N. J.SIGMOMORPHINA BORNEMANNI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 36, figures S a, bPolymorphina dilatata Retjss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851,p. 83, pi. 6, fig. 49.Test compressed, equilaterally triangular with rounded peripheriesand angles, initial end slightly produced, margin thin and rather
AET. e FORAMINIFEEA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 135
acute; chambers compressed, elongate, arranged in a clockwise sig-moid series, each succeeding chamber not much removed from thebase; sutures not depressed but distinct; wall smooth, thick; apertureradiate.Length of figured specimen 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.75 mm.; thick-ness 0.40 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11851.) From middle Oligocene,Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany.Sigmomorphina bornemanni bears a close relationship to S. regularisand might be taken as a young stage of the latter, and naturallyReuss himself placed it under Polymorphina anceps { = S. regularis).If however, we compare the species with a young specimen of Sigmo-morphina regularis, for example, such specimens as figured by Borne-mann under the name of P. humboldti, it is not difficult to separatethem. In Sigmomorphina bornemanni each succeeding chamber isadded laterally and all chambers extend down almost to the base,while in S. regularis, even in its young stage, each succeeding chamberis removed from the base so that the test is much elongated. Sigmo-morphina bornemanni might be considered to represent the micro-spheric form of S. regularis, but we have no evidence to assume it.Polymorphina dilatata is preoccupied by d'Orbigny, therefore a newspecific name bornemanni is given for Bornemann. It must be noticedhere that Guttulina dilatata Reuss described from the Vienna Tertiaryis different from the present species, although some authors haveconsidered them the same.Distribution.?Reuss described the present species from the Oligo-cene of Hermsdorf near Berlin where it occurs rarely. We have speci-mens from the original locality as well as from the Oligocene ofDiisseldorf, and Ahnatal, near Cassel.SIGMOMORPHINA GALLOWAYI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 36, figures 4 a, 5Test compressed, more or less twisted, oval in side view, caudateat the initial end; chambers elongated, slightly compressed, arrangedin a contraclockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber notmuch removed from the base; sutures but little depressed, distinct;wail smooth, rather thin, transparent; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.90 mm. ; breadth 0.55 mm. ; thickness 0.22 mm.Holotype.? (Cushman Coil. No. 11855.) From Albatross D4807,coast of Japan.The twisted, compressed, oval test is characteristic of the species.Its nearest ally is Sigmomorphina aliceae, which is more elongated,and the chambers shorter and broader. This species is named forDr. J. J. Galloway, of Columbia University.Distribution.?Known only from off the coast of Japan.
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77SIGMOMORPHINA TRILOCULARIS (Bagg)Plate 36, figures 5 a-cPolymorphina trilocularis Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survej^ Bull. 513, 1912, p. 75,pi. 20, figs. 15-18.Sigmomorpha trilocularis Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr.,vol. 6, 1928, p. 74, pi. 16, fig. 5.Test small, ovate, more or less rounded at the base, rather acutetoward the apertural end; chambers much elongated and slender,roundly triangular in cross section, slightly embracing, arranged in acontraclockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber removedfrom the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thin; aper-ture radiate.Maximum length 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm.; thickness 0.20 mm.Its elongated, slender chambers arranged in a more or less sigmoidseries are the characteristics of the species. Its sigmoid arrangementof chambers is somewhat variable, and often it is closed, showingmore or less a quinqueioculine series.Distribution.?Only known in the North Pacific region as a lateTertiary fossil and as a Recent species. We have the species fromthe following localities
:
Recent.?Off coast of southern California.Pliocene.?Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif. Upper Pliocene,Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan.SIGMOMORPHINA YOKOYAMAI Cushman and OzawaPlate 36, figures Q a, bSigmomorpha (Sigmomorphina) yokoyamai Cushman and Ozawa, Contr.Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 16; Jap. Journ.Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 75, pi. 13, figs. 12-14; pi. 16, figs. 7, 8.Test ovate, greatest breadth toward the base, tapering toward theapertural end, periphery sharply angled and carinate in the adult;chambers comparatively few in the megalospheric form, morenumerous in the microspheric ; chambers elongated and very narrow,arranged in an open sigmoid series and added so that the axis of eachchamber is somewhat oblique giving a peculiar twisted appearanceto the test; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall thin,transparent, with longitudinal costae which are continuations fromthe ridges of the radiate apertures of each chamber, in some specimenswith additional costae covering the entire surface; aperture radiate,terminal, somewhat produced into a cylindrical neck.Length of holotype 0.93 mm.; breadth 0.50 mm.This species is common and shows some variations in the surfaceornamentation, some of the specimens being smooth except for thecostae of the central portion, others being costate throughout. Thisis one of the most striking species of the Japanese collection and is
ART. 6 PORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 137named for Dr. M. Yokoyama, who described the fossil moUusksfrom the same locality.Distribution.?Our specimens are from the upper Pliocene ofSawane, island of Sado, and from Natsukawa, Province of Echigo,Japan. SIGMOMORPHINA SAWANENSIS (Cushman and Ozawa)Plate 38, figures 1 a, bSigmomorpha sawanensis Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr.,vol. 6, 1929, p. 74, pi. 16, fig. 6.Test ovate, greatest breadth just above the base, tapering towardthe apertural end; chambers numerous, elongate, about five times aslong as broad in the adult, each chamber reaching nearly to the base,arranged in a contraclockwise sigmoid series; sutures distinct, slightlydepressed; wail of medium thickness, smooth, translucent; apertureradiate.Measurement of the holotype specimen: Length 0.76 mm.;breadth 0.33 mm. ; thickness 0.25 mm.This has a very much more elongate form than Sigmomorphinasadoensis and is more involute than that species, the chambers beingvery much longer and inclosing the earlier ones. It differs from theEuropean Sigmomorphina semitecta in its more broadly rounded base.Distribution.?The type specimens are from the upper Pliocene ofSawane, island of Sado, Japan. We have additional specimens fromthe upper Pliocene of Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan.SIGMOMORPHINA VAUGHANI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 38, figures 2 a-cTest almost rhombic with three rounded angles and acute aperturalangle, compressed, and more or less twisted, margin of the lower half,wavy; chambers compressed, elongated, arranged in a clockwisesigmoid series, each succeeding chamber farther removed from thebase; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth; apertureradiate.Length of holotype 0.80 mm.; breadth 0.62 mm.; thickness 0.30mm.Holotype.? {C&t. No. 371262, U.S.N.M.) From the Eocene(Cooper marl) at Ingleside marl pit, Charleston, S. C. (U. S. Geol.Survey 6319).It differs from Sigmomorphina bornemanni from the GermanOligocene in its twisted test, wavy margins and more or less depressedsutures. This species is named for Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan of theScripps Institution of Oceanography.Distribution.?Upper Eocene, United States, Cooper marl. Inaddition to the type locality this species also occurs in the Cooper
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
marl of Cooper River, S. C. and in a pit on the Unitfed States HighwayNo. 17, about 1 mile south of Monck's Corner, Berkeley County,S. C. SIGMOMORPHINA WILLIAMSONI (Terquem)Plate 38, figures 3, 4Polymorphina williamsoni Terquem, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3,vol. 1, 1878, p. 37.Polymorphina lactea Walker and Jacob var. oblonga Williamson, RecentForam. Great Britain, 1858, p. 71, pi. 6, figs. 149, 149a.
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Millett,Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1903, p. 262, pi. 5, fig. 5.
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Chapman, Journ.Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 30, 1910, p. 413, pi. 55, fig. 12.?Ctjshman,- Bull.104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 147, pi. 40, figs. 7, 8.Polymorphina compressa Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen,CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 309, pi. 9, figs. 11-13.Polymorphina formosa Egger, Abhandl. kon. bay. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen,CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 440, pi. 9, figs. 17-19.Polymorphina mucronata Terquem (not Terquem, 1878), Essai Class.Anim. Dunkerque, 1881, p. 130, pi. 17, fig. 3.Polymorphina oblonga, H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 222, pi. 39, figs. 7a, &.?Terquem, Essai Class.Anim. Dunkerque, 1875, p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 11.
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Heron-Allen andEarland, Proc Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 84, 1913, p. 100, pi. 8,fig. 17.Dimorphina millettii Sidebottom, Journ. Ro}^ Micr. Soc, 1918, p. 145,pi. 5, figs. 15, 16.Test ovate to oblong, compressed, of nearly equal thickness, sidesnearly parallel, rounded at both ends; chambers elongated, embracing,arranged in a contraclockwise, sigmoid series, each succeedingchamber extending down to the base; sutures scarcely depressed,but distinct; wall smooth, thin, nearly transparent; aperture long,radiate, furnished with an entosolenian tube.Maximum length 0.92 mm.; breadth 0.42 mm.; thickness 0.20 mm.Sigmomorphina williamsoni is a well-marked species and is firstrecorded by Williamson from Southport, England, under the name
"Polymorphina lactea var. oblonga." Brady, Parker, and Jonesused the varietal name as the specific name, but much later Terquemchanged the name "oblonga" to "williamsoni," as oblonga is pre-occupied by d'Orbigny.Polymorphina formosa Egger and P. mucronata Terquem, charac-terized by an oblong test with almost parallel peripheries, resemblethe present species and can be included in it, although P. mucronatahas a spine at the mitial end.Polymorphina compressa Egger (not Philippi, not d'Orbigny) israther shorter than the typical specimen, but is to be placed in thesynonymy of the present species.Often the present species apparently shows an alternating chamberon one side on account of an incomplete overlapping of chambers, butthe real arrangement of the chambers is always sigmoidal.
AET. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 139Dimorphina millettii, described by Sidebottom from off the eastcoast of Australia, 465 fathoms, having an elongated quadrangulartest with a sigmoid arrangement of the chambers, is very similar toS. williamsoni. The difference is only an extra chamber which isadded on the top of the main test. Such specimens, having around extra chamber, are often found in shallow water off Englandand Belgium.Distribution.?S. williamsoni appears to be rather common in theshallow water off England and Belgium, from where we have num-erous specimens. Some forms very similar to the present species arereported from off east Australia. We also have a few fossil specimenswhich are something like the present species, but not enough materialto be positive of the identification.SIGMOMORPHINA CONCAVA (Williamson)
I Plate 38, figures 5-7Polymorphina lactea Walker and Jacob var. concava Williamson, RecentForam. Great Britain, 1858, p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 151, 152,Excepting the last attached part, the test is oval and much com-pressed; chambers elongate, much embracing unequally on eitherside, each succeeding chamber extending down to the base, attachedpart (or chamber ?) generally highly convex, leaving a large spacebetween the test and the foreign object, but without visible aperture;sutures not depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thin and almosttransparent; aperture radiate.Williamson was the first who noticed an unmistakably parasiticspecies of the Polymorphinidae which he named Polymorphina concava.We have several attached specimens, some of which are the same asthat figured by Williamson. The present species is undoubtedly aspecialized one among the Polymorphinidae. No other species havinga test resembling that of Sigmomorphina concava is known, thereforeWilliamson's species is taken as a valid one.Distribution.?Sigmomorphina concava seems to be extremely rare.Williamson gives Brixham, England, as the locality whence hisspecimens were obtained. We have specimens from off the Belgiancoast, from the Mediterranean, and off the island of Delos, 10-14fathoms. We have also a specimen here figured from the Pliocene ofMonte Mario, near Rome.SIGMOMORPHINA ALICEAE Cashman and 02iawa, new speciesPlate 38, figures S a, bTest oblong, compressed, twisted nearly 180?, greatest width inupper half, tapering toward the initial end; chambers elongated,especially the early ones, later ones becoming broader, compressed,not much embracing, arranged in a contraclockwise sigmoid series,
140 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77each succeeding chamber farther removed from the base; suturesbut little depressed, distinct; wall of medium thickness, smooth;aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.55 mm.; breadth 0.80 mm.; thickness 0.35 mm.Holotype.? iCiit. No. 20856, U.S.N.M.) From Albatross D4805, offJapan.Sigmomorphina aliceae is twisted, as is S. torta, from which it isquite distinct in its flat later chambers. In general appearance, itresembles Sigmomorphina pearceyi, but the latter has inflated cham-bers, and the test is not twisted as much as in the present species.The specific name is given for Alice E. Cushman, who took muchcare in preparing our manuscript and in checking our proofs.Distribution.?Known only from off the coast of Japan.Genus SIGMOIDELLA Cushman and Ozav.a, 1928SIGMOIDELLA ELEGANTISSIMA (Parker and Jones)Plate 39, figure 1 a-cPolymorphina elegantissima Parker and Jones, Phil. Trans., vol. 155, 1865,Table X, p. 438.?H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.See, vol. 27, 1870, p. 231, pi. 40, figs. 15 h, c (not a).?H. B. Brady,Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 566, pi. 72, fig. 13 (notfigs. 12, 14, 15).?Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept., 1897, p. 319, pi. 67,fig. 4.
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Bagg, Maryland Geol. Surv. (Eocene), 1901, p. 247, pi. 63,fig. 11; (Miocene), 1904, p. 476, pi. 133, fig. 3.?Cushman, Bull. 71,U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 90, pi. 38, fig. 1; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.100, vol. 4, 1921, p. 267, pi. 54, figs. 1, 2.
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Nuttall, Quart. Journ.Geol. Soc, vol. 84, 1928, p. 93, pi. 6, fig. 10.Sigmoidella elegantissima Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. & Geogr.,vol. 6, 1929, p. 76, pi. 16, figs. 10, 11.Test compressed, almost circular excepting the slightly acute,apertural end, margins angular; chambers elongate, overlapping,arranged in a clockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamberbecoming much larger and embracing those previously formed, butin old age specimens, the last one or two chambers not extendingdown to the base; sutures not depressed, but generally distinct; wallsmooth; aperture radiate.Maximum length 2 mm.; breadth 1.60 mm.; thickness 0.85 mm.This beautiful species is only mentioned by Parker and Jones in1864 and is first figured and described by H. B. Brady, Parker, and?Jones in 1870. The species is discussed in detail in our paper on thePolymorphinidae found in Japan.Distribution.?It is one of the most abundant species in warm seasof the Australian region extending into the Philippine region, whereit is abundant, but not as far north as Japan, where it is replaced bySigmoidella kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa. It occurs in the lateTertiary of the Australian and East Indian region. It is also com-
ART. 6 FORAMINIFEKA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 141mon in the Tertiary of Trinidad, where numerous other species nowliving in the Indo-Pacific are found fossil. Our specimens representthe following localities
:
Recent.?Pacific, Philippine expedition. Albatross D5143, vicinityof Jolo, 19 fathoms; D5145, off Jolo, 23 fathoms; D5146, 24 fathoms,D5148, 17 fathoms, both Sulu Archipelago, vicinity of Siasi; D5151,24 fathoms, D5152, 34 fathoms, both Sulu Archipelago, off Tawi TawiGroup; D5178, 78 fathoms, D5179, 37 fathoms, both off Romblon;D5282, 248 fathoms, China Sea, off southern Luzon; D5318, 340fathoms, China Sea, off" Formosa; D5569, 303 fathoms, north ofTawi Tawi; D5580, 162 fathoms, Darvel Bay, Borneo; D2668, 9fathoms, off Hongkong; Dusky Sound, New Zealand.Pliocene.?Saloenia, Benkoelan, Sumatra.Miocene.?Australia, Balcombian, lower beds. Muddy Creek,Victoria. Janjukian, soapy clay bed in polyzoal limestone, DangerPoint, Torquay, Victoria. Green marl, Bird Rock cliffs, Torquay,Victoria; Filter Quarry, Batesford, Victoria. Trinidad, ''Sagrinabeds," Orapouche Lagoon, Trinidad Point; " Uvigerina bed," Ciperosection; from oil-stained shales, just north of Point Bontour.Oligocene.?Australia, Clifton Bank near Hamilton, Victoria.jEbcene.^Trinidad, Cipero section and Mount Moriah beds,yellow sandy cla}^, underlying orbitoidal limestone, Vistabella quarry.SIGMOIDELLA KAGAENSIS Cushman and OzawaPlate 39, figures 2, 5Sigmoidella kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 14; Jap. Journ. Geol. & Geogr., vol. 6,1929, p. 76, pi. 13, fig. 15; pi. 16, fig. 9.Polymorphina elegantissima H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Linn.Soc, vol. 27, 1870, p. 231, pi. 40, fig. 15 a.Test broadly ovate, base very broadly rounded, apertural endsomewhat tapering, sides nearly parallel for more than half thelength, compressed, periphery subacute; chambers elongate, narrow,five or six times as long as broad, arranged in an open, clockwisesigmoid form, resulting in a test in which, when viewed from eitherside, one elongate chamber appears at the left and all other visiblechambers are in a series of graduallj'' increasing length on its right,and involute; sutures very distinct, curved, not depressed, except onthe growing edge, which is depressed; wall smooth, translucent;aperture terminal, radiate.Length of holotype 1.50 mm.; breadth 0.70.; thickness 0.34 mm.The arrangement of the chambers in the species is in many wayssimilar to that seen in Sigmoilina in the Miliolidae except that theaperture is always at one end. It is closely related to Sigmoidellaelegantissima, but is a more elongate and narrow form and probably
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77
represents a cool water relative of Sigmoidella elegantissima (Parkerand Jones).Distribution.?Our specimens represent the following localities
:
Recent.?Off Japan, Kobama (abundant). Albatross D4883, 53fathoms, about 20 miles southwest of Nagasaki entrance, EasternSea; Inland Sea. Philippines, D5143, 19 fathoms, off Jolo Jolo;D5311, 88 fathoms, China Sea, near Hongkong.Pleistocene.?Japan, Alluvium, Kehi, Province of Tajima.Pliocene.?Upper, Japan, Kumomya, Province of Totomi; Okuwa,Province of Kaga; Ono, Province of Kochi; Natsukawa, Province ofEchigo. Lower Pliocene, Beaumaris, near Melbourne, Victoria,Australia.Miocene.?Australia, Janjukian, polyzaal marl, overlying lime-stone, Filter quarries, Batesford, Victoria.SIGMOIDELLA PLUMMERAE Cashman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 39, figures S a, hTest compressed, ovate, broadly rounded at the base, acutetoward the aperture, periphery angular; chambers elongated, moreor less compressed, arranged in a contraclockwise sigmoid series,each succeeding chamber embracing the earlier one, but often thelast chamber not extending dov/n to the initial end; sutures notdepressed, usually distinct; wall rather thin, smooth; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm.; thickness 0.22mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11879.) From the Eocene, CooksMountain formation, Smithville, Tex.The main difference between the present species and Sigmoidellaelegantissima is the sigmoid arrangement of chambers, that of thepresent species being contraclockwise, while that of S. elegantissimais clockwise.Distribution.?It is common in the Eocene in the United States,especially in the Claiborne, but ranges from the Cooper marl to theMidway. We have it from numerous localities from South Carolinato Texas. The species is named for Mrs. Helen J. Plummer.SIGMOIDELLA MARGARETAE Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 39, figures 4 a, bTest much compressed, ovate in outline, periphery very angular;chambers compressed, elongated, arranged in a contraclockwisesigmoid series, each succeeding chamber extending down to the baseand embracing the earlier ones; sutures not depressed, distinct; wallsmooth, rather thin; aperture radiate.Length of holotype 0.50 mm. ; breadth 0.25 mm. ; thickness 0.10 mm.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE?CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 143Holotype.? (Cushman Coll. No. 11882.) From the upper Plioceneof Terao Miura, Japan. We have a single specimen from AlbatrossD4807 off Japan.In its contraclockwise sigmoid arrangement of chambers and thegeneral outline of the test it is similar to Sigmoidella plummerae fromthe Eocene of North America. However, compared with the Americanspecies, it is much more compressed, with a very angulate peripheryand a thinner wall.When we described Sigmoidella elegantissima in our recent paperwe remarked that we had examined very many specimens whichshowed the sigmoid series of chambers clockwisely arranged, and asingle specimen was found with a contraclockwise arrangement. Nowwe are convinced that this single specimen is not Sigmoidella elegan-tissima, but is quite distinct from that species in its much compressedtest and more acute apertural end. This determination is confirmedby the occurrence of specimens having a contraclockwise arrangementof chambers in the Japanese late Tertiary.The specific name is given for Miss Margaret S. Moore, who madeall the drawings for the figures in this paper.Genus GLANDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826GLANDULINA LAEVIGATA d'Orbign?Plate 40, figures 1 a, bNodosaria {Glandulina) laevigata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826,p. 252, No. 1, pi. 10, figs. 1-3.Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 29,pi. 1, figs. 4, 5.Test fusiform the initial end very acute and often with spine in themicrospheric form, obtuse in the megalospheric form, circular incross section; chambers inflated, much overlapping, arranged atfirst in a biserial series, abruptly becoming uniserial in the micro-spheric form, entirely uniserial in the megalospheric form; suturesnot depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thick; aperture radiate.Tiiere are at least two kinds of Glandulina; this one is derived fromPyrulina, and the other from Marginulina. Therefore it is almostimpossible to give any synonymy without examining the actual speci-mens. D'Orbigny listed the present species from the Adriatic Sea,Tertiary of the environs of Siena, and Tertiary of the Vienna Basin.We have examined abundant specimens from the last two localitiesand found that d'Orbigny 's G. laevigata is evidently related to Pyru-lina. Such specimens figured by d'Orbigny in the Tableau and alsoin the Vienna Basin monograph have invariably an early stage con-sisting of biserial chambers.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77GLANDULINA REUSSI Cushman and Ozawa, new speciesPlate 40, figures 2 a, bPsecadium acuminatum Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, yol. 62, pt. 1, 1870,p. 478.?V. ScHLiCHT, Foram. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pi. 25, figs. 1-10.Test elongate, fusiform to cylindrical, circular in section, greatestbreadth near the apertural end, distinctly acute toward the initialend; chambers rounded, arranged in an entirely uniserial series;sutures not depressed, distinct; wall smooth, translucent; apertureoften with an entosolenian tube, which is visible from the exterior,radiate.Length of holotype 0.43 mm.; breadth 0.18 mm.Holotype.?(Cushman Coll. No. 11884.) From the Oligocene ofPietzpuhl, Germany.The present species is fairly well figured by v. Schlicht under thename of Atradolina, to which Reuss gave the name Psecadium acumi-natum, but we include it in Glandulina. The name acuminata ispreoccupied by d'Orbigny, and accordingly the new specific namereussi is proposed.Distribution.?We have only a single specimen from the Oligoceneof Pietzpuhl, Germany, the type locality.GLANDULINA DIMORPHA (Bornemann)Plate 40, figures 3-5Guttulina dimorpha Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. GeselL, vol. 7,1855, p. 345, pi. 17, fig. 5.Guttulina vitrea Bornemann, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. GeselL, vol. 7, 1855,p. 346, pi. 17, fig. 8.Polymorphina proteiformis Reuss, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., ser. 2, vol. 15,1863, p. 151, pi. 2, figs. 30-35 (not fig. 36; pi. 3, figs. 37-40).Psecadium nussdorfensis Karrer, Abhandl. k. k. Geol. Reichs., vol. 9, 1877,p. 379, pi. 16 b, fig. 23.Polymorphina vitrea Bornemann var. glandulinoides Fornasini, Mem.Accad. Soc. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 9, 1900-1902 (1902), p, 66,fig. 18 (in text).Test fusiform (young microspheric form) to cyhndrical (adult),acuminate (microspheric) or rounded (megalospheric) at the initialend; chambers inflated, arranged in a nearly triserial series in theyoung, becoming uniserial later in the microspheric form, or entirelyuniserial, but not regularly so in the megalospheric form; suturesslightly depressed, generally distinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.Maximum length 1.20 mm.; diameter 0.44 mm.The present species is undoubtedly derived from Pyrulinafusiformis.
'The early stage of the microspheric form of Glandulina dimorpha re-sembles Pyrulina Jusiformis, yet its septa even in the young statetend to be placed at right angles to the exterior wall.
ART. 6 FORAMINIFERA: POLYMORPHINIDAE CUSHMAN AND OZAWA 145Quttulina vitrea (Bornemann) has the acute initial end and its septabecoming parallel to each other; however, it may represent themicrospheric form of the present species.Polymorphina glandulinoides Fornasini is undoubtedly a typicalmicrospheric form.The first figure of Polymorphina proteiformis Reuss, as well asPsecadium nussdorfensis, is characterized by the rounded initialend and almost parallel septa. They are considered to represent themegalospheric form of the present species.Distribution.?We have specimens from the upper Oligocene ofAhnatal, near Cassel, Germany, and from the Miocene of Nussdorfin the Vienna Basin.92709?30 10
EXPLANATION OF PLATESPlate 1Fig. 1. Eoguttulina polygona (Terquem). X 80. From Jurassic, Kimmeridgeclay, Ely, England, a, b, side views; c, basal view.2. Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland). X 80. From Jurassic, lower Lias,Chettenham, Gloucestershire, England, a, 6, side views; c, basal view.3. Eoguttulina anglica Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. From Cretaceous,Cambridge greensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England, a,b, side views; c, basal view.4. Quadrulina rhabdogonioides (Chapman). X 40. (After Chapman.) Cre-taceous, lower Greensand, Bargate beds of Surrey, Littleton, England.a, side view; b, apertural view.5. Quadrulina frondicularioides (Chapman). X 45. (After Chapman.)Cretaceous, lower Greensand, Bargate beds of Surrey, Littleton,England, a, side view; b, apertural view.6. Quadrulina lagenalis (Terquem) . (After Terquem.) Lower Lias, Quen-leu-les-Metz, France, a, side view; b, apertural view.7, 8. Guttulina bulloides (Reuss) . X 30. From Miocene of Pontlevoy, France.7, Young specimen. 8 a, h, side views; 8 c basal view.9. Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski). X 40. From Cretaceous, Chalkmarl,Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England, a. b, side views; c,basal view.10. Guttulina bartschi Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. From AlbatrossD5178, 78 fathoms off Romblon, Philippines, a, b, side views; c,basal view.146
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Plate 2All figures Guttulina problema d'OrbignyFigs. 1, 2. From Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy. X 45. a, b, side views; c,basal view.3, 4. From Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France.X 35. a, b, side views; c, basal view.5. From Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. X 45.6. From Cretaceous, Flysch, Austria. X 35. a, b, side views; c, basalview. 147
Plate 3Figs. 1. Guttulina problema d'Orbigny. X 45. Pliocene, Stazzano, Italy.a, b, side views; c, basal view.2, 3. Guttulina orientalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Pliocene, Sawane,Island of Sado, Japan, a, b, side views; c, basal view.4, 5. Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny). Miocene, Tortonian, Amphisteginamarl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria, a, b, side views; c, basalview. 4, adult. X 25. 5, young. X 35.148
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Plate 4Fig. 1. Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Middle Oligocene,Sollingen, Germany, a, b, side views; c, basal view.2. Guttulina trigonula (Reuss) . X 80. Cretaceous, Lower Gault, Cam-bridge Brickyard, Cambridge, England, a, b, side views; c, basalview.
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3-5. Guttulina austriaca d'Orbigny. X 45. Miocene, brickyard of Baden,near Vienna, Austria. 3, 4, early stages. 5, adult, a, b, sideviews; c, basal view,o, 7. Guttulina yabei Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Pliocene, Sawane,Island of Sado, Japan. 6 a, b, side views of young specimen. 7,adult, a, side view; 6, basal view. 149
Plate 5Figs. 1, 2. Guttulina spicaeformis (Roemer). X 45. Oligocene, Diisseldorf,Germany, a, b, side views; c, basal view.3. Guttulina spicaeformis (Roemer) var. australis (d'Orbigny). X 45.Recent, off Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms.a, b, side views; c, basal view.4-6. Guttulina hantkeni Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Eocene, NewJersey. 4 a, early stage; b, adult. 6, holotype. Kleinzeller nearOfen, Hungary. Adult.7. Guttulina pulchella d'Orbigny. X 45. Recent, off Loggerhead Key,Dry Tortugas, Fla., 18 fathoms, a, b, side views; c, basal view.150
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Plate 6Figs. 1, 2. Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones). X 45. 1, youngspecimen from Newcastle Beach, New South Wales. 2, adultfrom off Tawi Tawi Group, Philippines, 34 fathoms, a, b, side views;c, basal view.3. Guitulina costatula Galloway and Wissler. X 65. Pleistocene,Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, California, a, side view; h,basal view.4, 5. Guttulina caudata d'Orbigny. X 80. 4, young specimen. Eocene,Lutetien moyen, Grignon, France. 5, older specimen. Eocene,Lutetien, Vaudancourt, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view.6. Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski) var. cuspidata Cushman and Ozawa,n. var. X 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl, Folkestone, England.7. Guttulina adhaerens (Olszewski). X 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl,Folkestone, England, a, side view; b, basal view.8. Guttulina praelonga (Egger) . X 35. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, nearCassel, Germany.9. Guttulina guttiformis{Tev(iuem). X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,Le Coquillat, Leognan, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view.151
Plate 7Figs. 1, 2. Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny). X 45. Early stages, middleOligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany, a, b, side views;c, basal view.3. Guttulina irregularis d'Orbigny var. nipponensis Cushman andOzawa, n. var. X 45. Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga,Japan, a, b, side views; c, basal view.4, 5. Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa. X 30. Eocene, Ciperosection, Trinidad, British West Indies. 4, young. 5, adult, a, b,side views; c, basal view.152
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Plate 8Figs. 1, 2. Guttulina lehneri Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Eocene, San Fer-nando, Trinidad, British West Indies. 1, young, 2, adult.Holotype.3, 4. Guttulina yamazakii Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. 3, upper Phocene,
; Natsukawa, Pi'ovince of Echigo, Japan. 4, holotype, from Alba-tros D4807, off Japan, a, b, side views; c, basal view.
? 5, 6. Guttulina kishinouyi Cushman and Ozawa. X 40. Upper Pliocene,Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan. 5, holotype. 6, paratype.a, b, side views; c, basal view.92709?30 11 153
Plate 9Figs. 1,2. Guttulina baileyi Cushm&n and Ozawa. X 30. l,liolotype, AlbatrossD2416, coast of Carolina, 276 fathoms. 2, Albatross D5151, offTawi Tawi Group, Philippines, 24 fathoms, a, b, side views;c, basal view.3. Guttulina roemeri (Reuss). X 45. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, nearCassel, Germany, a, b, side views; c, basal view.4. Guttulina roemeri (Reuss) var. gigas (Karrer). X 60. Miocene, Tor-tonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna,Austria, a, b, side views; c, basal view.154
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Plate 10Figs. 1-4. Guttulina lactea (Walker and Jacob). 1, copied from Walker andJacob's original figure. 2-4, from off Bantry Bay, southwestIreland, 37)^ fathoms, a, b, side views; c, basal view.5. Guttulina lactea (Walker and Jacob) var. earlandi Cushman and Ozawa,n. var. X 65. Selsey Bill, England (After Heron-Allen and Ear-land) .6, 7. Pseudopolymor'phina variata (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady) var.fischeri (Terquem). 6, adult. Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, England.X 30. 7, young, a, 6, side views; c, basal view. X 45. Miocene,Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, France.155
Plate 11Fig. 1. Guttulina schafferi Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Tortonian, Amphi-stegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria, a, b,side views; c, basal view.2. Guttulina woodsi Cushman and Ozawa. X 80. Cretaceous, lower Gault,Barnwell pit, Cambridge, England.3. Guttulina quinquecosta Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Pliocene, TimmsPoint, San Pedro, Calif, a, b, side views; c, basal view.4. Guttulina paalzowi Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Cretaceous, Maas-tricht, Holland, a, side view; b, basal view.5. Guttulina regina (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones) var. crassicostataCushman and Ozawa. X 45. Lower Pliocene, Beaumaris, near Mel-bourne, Victoria, Australia, a, b, side views; c, basal view.
- 6. Guttulina emersoni (Bagg). X 25. (After Bagg.)156
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Plate 12Figs. 1, 2. Guttulina daiosoni Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Gaspe Bay.1, holotype. 2, abnormally large specimen occurring with thetypical form, a, b, side views; c, basal view.3. Guttulina costulata (Cushman). X 80. Lower Oligocene, MintSpring marl, Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss, a, side view;b, basal view.4. Pyrulina labiata (Schwager). X 45. Pliocene, Fiji, a, side view;b, basal view.5. Pyrulina extensa (Cushman). X 45. Pacific, a, Nero 1063, 1,884fathoms, b, iVero 2061, 1,670 fathoms, a, 6, side views; c, basal view.6. Globulina prisca Reuss. X 65. Cretaceous, Cambridge greensand,Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England- a, b, side views;c, basal view. 157
Plate 13Fig. 1. Pyrulina gutia d'Orbigny. X 45. Lowest Eocene, Wansin, Belgium.a, b, side views; c, basal view.2. Pyrulina vicksburgensis (Cushman). X 80. Lower Oligocene, MintSpring marl, at waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.a, b, side views; c, basal view.3-8. Pyrulina fusiformis (Roemer). X 45. Upper Oligocene. 3-5, Ahnatal,near Cassel, Germany. 3, 4, early stages. 5, adult. 6, young. Creta-ceous, chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England. 7, 8,Miocene. Tortonian, brickyard at Baden, near Vienna, Austria.158
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Plate 14Figs. 1-5. Pyrulina cylindroides CRoenzer). 1, X 45. Middle Oligocene, Herms-dorf, near Berlin, Germany. 2, X 80. Cretaceous, lower Gault,Barnwell pit, Cambridge, England. 3, X 45. Upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 4, X 45. a, Cretaceous, upperSenonian, Dasbeck; b, Hanover, Westphalia, Germany. 5, X 45.Fistulose form, Cretaceous, Cambridge greensand, Saxon CementWorks, Cambridge, England.6. Pyrulina thouini id' Ovhigny). X 45. Eocene, Lutetien moyen, Grig-non, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view.7. Pyrulina acurninata d'Orbigny. X 45. Cretaceous, Craie blanc,
J Bougival, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view. 159
Plate 15Figs. 1-3. Pyrulina albatrossi Cushuian and Ozawa. 1, X 25. Albatross D21Q0,167 fathoms, off Cuba. 2,3, X 65. Albatross D2756, 417 fathoms,off Brazil. 3, with an extra chamber.4. Pyrulina reticulosa Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Off Japan, AlbatrossD4882, 248 fathoms, a, side view; b, basal view.5. Globulina rotundata (Bornemann) var. pyrula (Fornasini). X 35.(After type figure.) Pliocene, Siena, Italy.6, 7. Globulina glacialis Cushman and Ozawa. X 65. Pleistocene, glacialclay, north side of the glen, near Montreal, Canada. 6, holotype,with an extra chamber, a, b, side views; c, basal view.8. Guttulina semicostata (Marsson). X 30. (After Marsson.) a, 6, sideviews; c, apertural view.9. Globulina landesi (G. D. Hanna and M. A. Hanna) . X 65. Recent, offKobama, Province of Echizen, Japan, a, side view; b, basal view.10. Globulina dentimarginata {Chapman) . X 40. (After Chapman.) a,outer surface; b, attached side.160
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Plate 16Figs. 1-4. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny. 1, X 35. Miocene, St. Paul de Dax,near Bordeaux, France. 2, X 45. Miocene, Tortonian, Amphiste-gina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria. 3, X 65.Eocene, Lutetien, Grignon, France. 4, X 35. Miocene, Perch-toldsdorf, near Vienna, Austria.5-7. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. striata Egger. X 80. 5, Drawn fromEgger's paratype, from Miocene, near Ortenburg, Germany. 6,Miocene, Tortonian, Varpolata, Hungary. 7, Miocene, near Orten-burg, Germany.8. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. myristiformis (Williamson). X 65.From Lord Bandon dredgings, off southwest Ireland, a, side view;b, basal view.9. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. ornata (Karrer). X 45. Miocene,Kostej, Banat, Hungary.92709?30 12 161
Plate 17Fig. 1. Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. spinata Cushman and Ozawa, X 80.Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany.2. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. verrucosa Cushman and Ozawa, X 80.Eocene, Lutetien, Campbon, France, a, side view; b, basal view.3. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. fissicostata Cushman and Ozawa.X 60. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany.4, 5. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. punctata d'Orbigny. X 45. 4,Eocene, Lutetien, Grignon, France. 5, Miocene, Tortonian,Vosslau,near Baden, Vienna, Austria.6, 7. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. tuberculata d'Orbigny. X 35. Mio-cene, Tortonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf,Vienna, Austria.8,9. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. globosa (v. Mlinster). X 45. 8,Miocene, Tortonian, Atnphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf,Vienna, Austria. 9, upper Ohgocene, Ahnatal, near CasselGermany.162
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Plate 18Fig. 1. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. longitudinalis Cushman and Ozawa,X 60. Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy, a, side view; b, basalview.2-4. Globulina inaequalis Reuss. 2, X 45. Miocene, Tortonian sand,Strebersdorf, Bisamberg, near Vienna, Austria. 3, X 65. Eocene,Lutetien, Parnes (Les Boves), France. 4, X 45. Middle Oligo-cene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany.5, 6. Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. caribaea d'Orbigny. X 80. 5, offDry Tortugas, Fla., 12 fathoms. 6, Albatross D2150, CaribbeanSea, 382 fathoms.7. Globulina inaequalis Reuss var. dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa, X 45,Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France.163
Plate 19Figs. 1, 2. Globulina lacrima Reuss. 1, X 45. Cretaceous, upper Senonian,Dasbeck, near Hanover, Westphalia Germany. 2, X 65. Cre-taceous, upper Senonian, Galling, near Siegsdorf, upper Bavaria,Germany.3. Globulina lacrima Reuss var. horrida Reuss. X 80. Cretaceous,upper Senonian, Galling, near Siegsdorf, upper Bavaria, Germany.4. Globulina lacrima Reuss var. ericia Cushman and Ozawa. X 45.Cretaceous, chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, Eng-land.5-7. Globulina lacrima Reuss var. subsphaerica (Berthelin). X 80. 5, 6,Cretaceous, chalk marl, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, Eng-land. 7, Cretaceous, lower Gault, Storey's Way, Cambridge,England.8. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. cognata (Franzenau). X 45. Plio-cene, Sepik River, New Guinea, a, b, side views; c, basal view.9. Globulina ampulla (Jones) . X 80. Eocene, Bracklesham bed XVIII,White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England, a, b, side views; c, basalview.164
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Plate 20Fig. 1. Globulina flexa Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Upper Oligocene,Doberg, near Biinde, Germany, a, b, side views; c, basal view.2. Globulina exserta CBerthelin) . X 45. Cretaceous, chalk marl, Folke-stone, England, a, b, side views; c, basal view.3, 4. Globulina minuta (Roemer). 3, X 45. Oligocene, Dtisseldorf, Ger-many. 4, X 65. Middle Oligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin,Germany.5. Globulina granulosa Egger. X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, France.6. Globulina gibba d'Orbigny var. myristiformis (Williamson). 80.Beach, Lido, Venice, Italy, a, side view; b, basal view.7. Globulina granulosa Egger (?). X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien, St.Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France, a, b, side views; c, basalview. 165
Plate 21Fig. 1. Globulina granulosa Egger var. polita (Terquem.) X 45. Miocene,Tortonian, Strebersdorf, Bisamberg, Austria, a, b, side views;c, basal view.2. Globulina gravis {J^arTer) . X 35. Cretaceous, upper Senonian, Maas-tricht, Holland.3, 4. Globulina rotundata (Bornemann) . X 35. 3, middle Oligocene,Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. 4, upper Oligocene, Ahnatal,near Cassel, Germany.5. Globulina ampla (Karrer). X 45. Cretaceous, upper Senonian,Stemmerberg, Westphalia, Germany.6. Globulina consobrina {Fornasmi) . X 45. Miocene, Tortonian, GrunesKreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.166
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAEFor explanation of plate see page 167.
Plate 22Figs. 1,2. Globulina triserialis Cushman and Ozawa. X'45. 1, Miocene,Helvetien, Moulin du Minoy, Salles, France. 2, Burdigalieninferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, France.3. Globulina munsteri (Reuss) . X 65. Middle Oligocene, Doberg, nearBtinde, Germany.4. Globulina species. X 35. Porcupine Station 16, Eastern Atlantic.5, 6. Pseudopolymorphina ligua (Roemer). X 30. 5, upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 6, Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, Eng-land. 167
Plate 23Figs. 1, 2. Pseudopolymorphina novangliae (Cushman). X 35. Off easterncoast United States. 2, Fistulose form.3. Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga Cushman and Ozawa. X 35.Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan, a, b, sideviews; c, basal view.4. Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga Cushman and Ozawa var. jugosaCushman and Ozawa. X 35. Recent, off Kobama, Japan,o, side view; b, basal view.5. Pseudopolymorphina striata (Bagg). X 35. Miocene, Choptankformation, 1 mile above Governor Run, Chesapeake Bay, Md.C-8. Pseudopolymorphiua soldaniiid'OTbiguy). X 35. 6, upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 7, 8, Pliocene, Crag noir, Ant-werp, Belgium.168
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Plate 24Fig. 1. Pseudopolymorphina hanzawai Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. UpperPliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan, a, side view; h, basalview.2. Pseudopolymorphina atlantica Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Alba-tross D 2416, East coast. United States, a, side view; b, basalview.3. Pseudopolymorphina phaleropei Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Recent,Woods Hole Region, a, side view; b, apertural view.4. Pseudopolymorphina parva (Clodius). (After Clodius.)5. Pseudopolymorphina doanei {GaMow&y a,ndy^is&\ev). X 25. Pliocene,Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif, a, b, side views.6-8. Pseudopolymorphina decora (Reuss). X 45. Miocene, Burdigalieninferieur, Moulin de FEglise, Saucats, France, a, b, side views;c, apertural view.92709?cO 13 169
Palte 25Fig. 1. Pseudopolymorphina dumbleiiCushmsin and ATpp\m). X 65. EoceneJacksonian, Bridge Creek, 1}^ miles above Angelina River, Tex.2, 3. Pseiidopolymorphina okuwaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 45.Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan, a, side view;6, apertural view.4. Pseudopolymorphina ishikawaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35.Upper Pliocene, Okuwa, Province of Kaga, Japan, a, side view;b, apertural view.5. Pseudopolymorphina zeuschneri (Reuss). X 45. Miocene, Tortoniansand, Varpolata, Hungary, a, b, side views; c, apertural view.6. Pseudopolymorphina ishikawaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 25.Upper Pliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, a, sideview; b, apertural view.7. Pseudopolymorphina indica (Cushrasin) . X 35. Albatross 1)5579, oSSibuko Bay, Borneo.170
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Plate 26IFiGS. 1, 2. Pseudopolyjnorphina indica (Cushman) var. japonica Cushman andOzawa. 1, X 25. Recent, Albatross D4807, 44 fathoms, off CapeTsiiika, Japan. 2, X 35. Miocene, specimen doubtfully belong-ing here (= F. costata AUix), Pontlevoy, France, a, b, side views.3. Pseudopolymorphina rutila (Cushman). X 65. Lower Oligocene,Byram marl, Leaf River, Miss, a, side view; b, basal view.4. Pseudopolymorphina paucicostata Cushman and Ozawa. X 45.Eocene, Midwayan, Texas.5, 6. Pseudopolymorphina variata (Jones, Parker, andH. B. Brady). X 30.5, Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, England. 6, Miocene, Helvetian,Pontlevoy, France,7, 8. Pseudopolymorphina variata (Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady) var.fischeri (Terquem). X 25. 7, Pliocene, Crag, Sutton, England.a, side view; b, basal view. 8, Miocene, Helvetian, Pontlevoy,France, a, side view; b, apertural view. 171
Plate 27Fig. 1. Pseudopolymorphina ovalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Miocene,Tortonian, Brickyard at Baden, near Vienna, Austria, a, b, sideviews; c, basal view.2. Pseudopolymorphina obscura (Roemer). X 12. Upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany, a, side view; b, apertural view.3. Pseudopolymorphina curta Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Recent,Casco Bay, Me. 32 fathoms, a, side view; 6; basal view.4, 5. Pseudopolymorphina spatulata (Terquem). X 35. 4, Miocene, Aqui-tanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, France. Young.5, Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France.Adult, a, side view; b, apertural view; c, basal view.6, 7. Pseudopolymorphina dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. 6, holo-type, Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan,France, a, side view; 6, apertural view. 7, Miocene, Aquitaniansuperieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marsan, France, a, side view;b, apertural view.8. Pseudopolymorphina dollfussi Cushman and Ozawa var. tenuistriataCushman and Ozawa. X 45. Miocene, St. Paul de Dax, nearBordeaux, France, a, side view; b, apertural view.172
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAEFor explanation of plate see page 173.
Plaice 2SFig. 1. Pseudopolymorphina jonesi Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. Miocene, St.Paul de Dax, near Bordeaux, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view.2. Pseudopolymorphina subcylindrica (Hantken). X 35. Miocene, Torto-nian, Amphistegina marl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria, a, b, sideviews; c, basal view.3. Pseudopolymorphina digitata (d'Orbigiiy). X 35. Cretaceous, upperSenonian, Maastricht, Holland, a, side view; fe, apertural view.4. Pseudopolymorphina leopoliiana (Reuss). X 35. Cretaceous, Cambridgegreensand, Saxon Cement Works, Cambridge, England, a, b, sideviews; c, basal view.5. Paleopolymorphina pleurostomelloides (Franks). X 65. Cretaceous,lower Cenomanian, Tecklenberg, Westphalia, Germany, a, side view;b, apertural view.6. Paleopolymorphina gauUina (Berthelin). X 80. Cretaceous, Gault,Folkestone, England, a, side view; b, basal view.7-9. Pseudopolymorphina mendezensis (White). X 45. Upper Cretaceous,Navarro formation, clay pit at Corsicana, Tex. Various stages indevelopment; b, basal view. 173
Plate 29Fig. 1. Pyrulina velascoensis (Cushman). X 65. Cretaceous, Velasco shale,Hacienda El Limon, west of Panuco, Mexico, a-c, side views.2. Pseudopolymorphina subnodosa (Reuss). (After Reuss.)3-5. Pseudopolymorphina incerta (Egger). X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien infe-rieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France, a, side view; b, basal view.6. Pseudopolymorphina ovalis Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Miocene, Tor-tonian, Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Aus-tria, a, b, side views; c, basal view.7. Polymorphina burdigalensis d'Orbigny. X 45. Miocene, Burdigalieninferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, France, a, b, side views; c, basalview.8. Polymorphina fornasinii Cushman and Ozawa. X 40. Recent, off Tri-poli, a, side view; b, outline of end view.9. Polymorphina incavata Stache. X 15. (After Stache.) a, side view;b, apertural view.174
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPH 1 Nl DAEFor explanation of plate see page 175.
Plate 30Figs. 1-3. Polymorphina subrhombica Reuss. X 25. Eocene, Vincentown, N. J.b, apertural view.4. Polymorphina aculeata d'Orbigny. (After d'Orbigny.)5. Polymor-phina longistriata Cushnian and Ozawa. X 25. (After Bur-rows and Holland.) Eocene, Thanetian, Pegwell Bay, England.6. Polymorphina parallela Millett. X 90. (After Millett.) Pliocene,St. Erth, England.7. Polymorphina alleni Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Eocene, Brackle-sham bed XVII, White Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England, a, sideview; b, outline of end view.8. Polymorphina cushmani Plummer. X 25. Eocene, Midwayan, 5}4miles due south and very slightly west of Littig, Tex. a, side view;6, apertural view.9. Polymorphina complanata d'Orbigny. X 35. Miocene, Tortonian,Amphistegina marl, Grunes Kreuz, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.a, side view; b, apertural view.10. Polymorphina advena Cushman. X 80. Lower Oligocene, MintSpring marl, at waterfall in Mint Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.a, side view; h, apertural view.11. Polymorphina frondea (Cushman). X 80. Lower Oligocene, Byrammarl, Byram, Miss, a, front view; 6, apertural view. 175
Plate 31Figs. 1-6. Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman. 1, Pliocene, Timms Point, SanPedro, Calif. X 25. a, b, side views; c, apertural view. 2-6,upper Pliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, showingearly stages in development. X 45.7. Polymorphina lingulata Stache. X 20. (After Stache.) a, frontview; b, end view.8. Polymorphina schlumbergeri Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Miocene,Aquitanian superieur, St. Avit, near Mont de Marson, nearBordeaux, France, a, side view; b, apertural view.9. Polymorphina howchini Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. Lower Plio-cene, McDonald's, Muddy Creek, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia.a, side view; b, basal viev>f.10. Polymorphina frondiformis Searles Wood. X 25. Pliocene, CragSutton, England, a, side view; b, apertural view.176
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAEFor explanation of plate see page 176.
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPH 1 N I DAEFOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 177.
Plate 32Fig. 1. Sigmomorphina nysti (Kenss) . X 45. Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur,Le Coquillat, Leognan, France, a, side view; b, apertural view.2. Sigmomorphina jacksonensis (Cushman). X 35. Eocene, Ocalalimestone, loose blocks along road near Blue Springs, JacksonCounty, Fla. a, side view; b, basal view.3. Sigmomorphina jacksonensis (Cushman) var. costifera (Cushman).X 35. Eocene, Jacksonian, Barnwell County, S. C. a, side view;b, apertural view.4, 5. Sigmomorphina chapniani (Heron -Allen and Earland). X 20.(After Heron-Allen and Earland.) Filter quarry, Batesford, Vic-toria, Australia.6. Sigmomorphina nuttalli Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Eocene,Mount Moriah beds, yellow sandy clay overlying orbitoidal lime-stone, Vistabella quarr}-, Trinidad, British West Indies, a, sideview; b, apertural view.7. Sigmomorphina flintii (Cushman). X 25. Off Atlantic coast ofCarolina, 440 fathoms, a, b, side views; c, basal view.8. Sigmomorphina pseudoregularis Cushman and Thomas. X 25.Eocene, 17}i miles south of Palestine Road on Grapeland Road, firstcreek crossed by fording north of Grapeland, Houston County, Tex.a, b, side views; c, apertural view.92709?30 14 177
Plate 33Fig. 1. Sigmomorphina regularis (v. Miinster). X 12. Upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany, a, side view; b, basal view.2. Sigmomorphina frondiciilariformis (Galloway and Wissler). X 35.Pliocene, Timms Point, San Pedro, Calif, a, side view; b, basal view.3. Sigmomorphina torta (Galloway and Wissler). X 45. Pleistocene,Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Calif.4,5. Sigmomorphina semitecta (Keuss) var. terquemiana (Fornaisini). 4, Plio-cene, Castel Arquato, Italy. X 80. a, b, side views; c, basal view.5, Eocene, Lutetian, middle bed, Grignon, France. X 80.6, 7. Sig?no?norphina semiteda (Reuss). X 65. Miocene, Burdigalien in-ferieur, de I'Eglise, Saucats, France, a, b, side views. 7, young.178
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAEFor explanation of plate see page 178.
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPH 1 N 1 DAEFor explanation of plate see page 179.
Plate 34Fig. 1. Sigmomorphina schwageri (Karrer). X 25. Miocene, Burdigalieninferieur, Le Coquillat, Leognan, France, a, b, side views; c,apertural view.2, 3. Sigmomorphina semitecta (Reuss) var. terquemiana (Fornasini). 2,Miocene, Burdigalien inferieur, Moulin de I'Eglise, Saucats, France.X 65. 3, Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy. X 60.4, 5. Sigmom,orphina undulosa (Terquem) . X 65. From Loi-d Bandondredgings, off S.W. Ireland, a, b, side views; c, basal view.6. Sigmomorphina lamarcki Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Eocene,Lutetien, Campbon, France, a, b, side views; c, basal view.179
Plate 35Fig. 1. Sigmomorphina semitecta (Keuss) YSbT. terquemiana iFovnsisim). X 35.Gulf of Sidra.2, 3. Sigmomorphina pearceyi Cushman and Ozawa. 2, holotype. Recent,Dry Tortugas, Fla., 10 fathoms. X 80. 3, Eocene, Bartonian,Val di Lonte, Italy. X 45. a, side view; b, basal view.4, 5. Sigmomorphina crassa (Roemer). X 25. Upper Oligocene, Ahnatal,near Cassel, Germany.6. Sigmomorphina schencki Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Oligocene,Keasey shale, 1 mile below Keasey post office. Rock Creek, Colum-bia County, Oreg. a, side view; b, basal view.7. Sigmomorphina kotoi Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. Upper Pliocene,Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, a, side view; b, basal view.180
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHINIDAEFor explanation of plate see page 180.
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPHI NIDAEFOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 181.
Plate 36Figs. 1, 2. Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushnian and Ozawa. X 35. Hermi-tage quarry, Dumfries Road, Trinidad.3. Sigmomorphina bornemanni Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. MiddleOligocene, Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany, a, side view; b, basalview.4. Sigmomorphina gallowayi Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. AlbatrossD4807, off Japan, a, side view; b, basal view.5. Sigmomorphina trilocularis (Bagg). X 45. Albatross D4807, offJapan.6. Sigmomorphina yokoyamai Cushman and Ozawa. X 45. UpperPliocene, Island of Sado, Japan, a, side view; b, basal view.181
Plate 37Figs. 1, 2. Guttidina sadoensis (Cushman and Ozawa). X 45. Upper Pliocene,Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan, a, b, side views; c, basal view.3-5. Guttulina (Sigrnoidina) pacifica {Cushmsin and OzSiWSi) . X 35. Alba-tross D5318, Philippines, a, b, side views; c, basal view.6, 7. Guttidina (Signioidina) silvestrii Cushman and Ozawa. 6, Miocene,Janjukian, Filter quarry, Batesford, Victoria, Australia. X 35.7, Van Dieman's Inlet, Gulf of Carpenteria, Queensland, Australia,10 fathoms, a, side view; b, basal view.8, 9. Gidtulina (Sigmoidina) seguenzana (H. B. Brady). X 30. (AfterH. B. Brady.) Recent, off Ki Islands, Pacific.182
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPH INI DAEFor explanation of plate see page 182.
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPH INIDAEFOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 183.
Plate 38Figs. 1. Sigmomorphina sawanensis (Cushman and Ozawa). X 45. UpperPliocene, Natsukawa, Province of Echigo, Japan, a, side view;b, basal view.2. Sigmomorphina vaughani Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. Eocene,Cooper marl, Cooper River, S. C. a, b, side views; c, basal view.3. Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem). X 45. Recent, coast ofBelgium, a, side view; b, basal view.4. Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem). X 65. Recent, coast ofBelgium, a, b, side views; c, basal view.5-7. Sigmomorphina concava (Williamson). X 80. 5, Recent, coast ofBelgium. 6, Recent, off island of Delos, Mediterranean, 10fathoms. 7, Pliocene, Monte Mario, near Rome, Italy, a, sideview^ b, basal view.8. Sigm,omorphina aliceae Cushman and Ozawa. X 35. AlbatrossD4805, coast of Japan, o, side view; b, basal view. 183
Plate 39Figs. 1. Sigmoidella elegantissima (Parker and Jones). X 25. AlbatrossD5178. Recent, Philippines, a, b side views; c, basal view.2, 5. Sigmoidella kagaensis Cushman and Ozawa. X 25. 2, AlbatrossD4807, off Japan. 5, off Kobama, Japan, a, side view; b, basalview.3. Sigmoidella phiTnmerae Cushman and Ozawa. X 60. Eocene, CooksMountain formation, Smithville, Tex. a, side view; 6, basal view.4. Sigmoidella ?nargaretae Cushman and Ozawa' X 65. Recent, offTerao Miura, Japan.6. Pseudopolymorphina obscuricostata (Galloway and Wissler) (?). X 75.Pleistocene, Lomita quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Calif.184
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'?>''\i
3a
'^a. shFORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLYMORPH 1 Nl DAEFOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 184.
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FORAMINIFERA OF THE FAMILY POLY MORPH I Nl DAEFor explanation of plate see page 185.
Plate 40Figs. 1. Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny. X 45. Miocene, Baden, ViennaBasin, Austria, a, side view; fe, basal view.2. Glandulina retissi Cushman and Ozawa. X 80. Oligocene, Pietz-puhl, Germany, a, side view; h, basal view.3-5. Glandulina dimorpha (Bornemann). X 45. 3, Upper Oligocene,Ahnatal, near Cassel, Germany. 4, 5, Miocene, Tortonian,Amphistegina marl, Nussdorf, near Vienna, Austria.6. Guttulina yabei Cushman and Ozawa var. ovale Cushman and Ozawa.X 45. Upper Pliocene, Sawane, Island of Sado, Japan.92709?30 15 185

INDEX
Pageaculeata, Polymorphina 115acuminata, Polymorphina 58(Pyrula) 58Pyrulina 58acuminatus, Psecadium 144acuta, Globulina 64Polymorphina 33, 64, 73,83adhaerens, var. cuspidata, Guttulina 37Guttulina 36Polymorphina 36advena, Polymorphina 118aequalis, Globulina 64Polymorphina gibba, var 64albatrossi, Pyrulina 58aliceae, Sigmomorphina 139alleni, Polymorphina 116amoena, Polymorphina 89ampla, Globulina 84Polymorphina 55, 84amplectens, Globulina 60,73ampulla, Globulina 79Polymorphina 79gibba, var 79amygdaloides, Globulina 73var. lepida, Polymorphina 110Polymorphina 52, 73, 85, 129, 131var. terquemiana, Polymor-phina 129anceps, Polymorphina 126anglica, Eoguttulina 16angusta, Guttulina austriaca, var 37Polymorphina 55(Globulina) 37asperella, Polymorphina 75asperula, Globulina 68atlantica, Pseudopolymorphina 94Aulostomella pediculus 79australis, Globulina 32Guttulina spicaeformis, var 32Polymorphina 32austriaca, var. angusta, Guttulina 37Guttulina 29var. io, Polymorphina 31baileyi, Guttulina 41bartschi, Guttulina 23
^biserialis, Polymorphina 119Bolivina frondea 118bornemanni, Sigmomorphina 134brevis, Polymorphina frondiformis, var 68bucculenta, Polymorphina 80Bulimina contraria 95builoides, Globulina 23Guttulina 23burdigalensis, var. lequilensis, Polymorphina 113Polymorphina 113
Pagebyramensis, Guttulina 25Polymorphina 25campanulata, Polymorphina _ 104caribaea, Globulina 75inaequaiis, var 75caudata, Guttulina 36centrata, Guttulina 25chapmani, Polymorphina 124Sigmomorphina 124charlottensis, Polymorphina 119clavata, Polymorphina 52cognata, Globulina gibba, var 65Polymorphina 65, 120communis, var. etrusca, Polymorphina 85Guttulina 20Polymorphina 20lactea, var 20complanata, Polymorphina _-_ 116,117,119var. striata, Polymorphina 115compressa, var. dumblei, Polymorphina 97var. okuwaensis, Pseudopolymor-phina 98Polymorphina 89,92, 94, 102, 119, 123, 126, 138var. striata, Polymorphina 92concava, var. dentimarginata, Polymorphina 72Polymorphina 45lactea, var 45, 139Sigmomorphina 139consecta, Polymorphina 102consobrina, Globulina 85Polymorphina sororia, var 85contorta, Polymorphina 120contraria, Bulimina 95costata, Polymorphina 65,99(Globulina) 65costatula, Guttulina 35Polymorphina (Guttulina) 35costifera, Polymorphina jacksonensis, var 123 "Sigmomorphina jacksonensis, var.. 123costulata, Guttulina 48Polymorphina cuspidata, var 48crassa, Polymorphina ^ 133Sigmomorphina 133crassatina, Polymorphina 133crassicostata, Guttulina regina, var 35cretacea, Guttulina 20Polymorphina 20Cristellaria pleurostomelloides 107curta, Pseudopolymorphina 105cushmani, Polymorphina 117cuspidata, var. costulata, Polymorphina 48Guttulina adhaerens, var 37Polymorphina lactea, var 28sororia, var 55187
188 INDEXPagecylindrica, Guttulina 54cylindroides, Polymorphina 54,56Pyrulina 56damaecornis, Polymorphina ._.? 28(Guttulina) 28dawsoni, Guttulina 47decora, Polymorphina 96Pseudopolymorphina 96deflexa, Polymorphina 41deformata, Guttulina 41deformis, Globulina 23Polymorphina (Globulina) 23deltoidea, Polymorphina problema, var - 133dentimarginata, Globulina 72Polymorphina concava, var. 72depauperata, Polymorphina 110deplanata, Guttulina 43depressa, Globulina 110Polymorphina 110(Globulina) 110diffusa, Polymorphina laetea, var 61digitata, Polymorphina 108Pseudopolymorphina 108dilatata, Guttulina 25Polymorphina 102diluta, Guttulina 74dimorpha, Glandulina 144Guttulina 144Dimorphina millettii 138discreta, Globulina 73dispar, Polymorphina 37,114doanei, Polymorphina.. 95Pseudopolymorphina 95dollfussi, Globulina inaequalis, var 76Pseudopolymorphina 106var. tenuistriata, Pseudopolymor-phina 106dubia, Guttulina 41diimblei, Polymorphina compressa, var 97Pseudopolymorphina 97earlandi, Guttulina laetea, var 45elegantissima, Polymorphina 50,140,141Sigmoidella 140elongata, Globulina 81Guttulina 89Polymorphina 119(Globuhna) 81emersoni, Guttulina 47Polymorphina 47Eoguttulina 16anglica 16liassica 17polygona 17equalis, Polymorphina 64ericia, Globulina lacrima, var 78etrusca, Polymorphina communis, var 85exserta, Globulina 80Polymorphina 80extensa, Polymorphina 53Pyrulina 53flscheri, Polymorphina 102Pseudopolymorphina 102fissicostata, Globulina gibba, var 67flexa, Globulina 81flintii, Polymorphina 125Sigmomorphina 125
Pageformosa, Polymorphina 138/ornasinii, Polymorphina 114fracta, Guttulina 86frankei, Guttulina 28frondea, Bolivina 118Polymorphina 118Frondicularia inaequalis 128frondiculariformis, Polymorphina 128Sigmomorpha (Sigmomor-phina) 128Sigmomorphina 128frondicularioides, Polymorphina 19Quadrulina 19frondiformis, var. brevis, Polymorphina 68Polymorphina 122fusiformis, Polymorphina 54,56,73Pyrulina 54gallowayi, Sigmomorphina 135gaultina, Paleopolymorphina 112Polymorphina 112gibba, var. aequalis, Polymorphina 79ampulla, Polymorphina 79cognata, Globulina 65fissicostata, Globulina 67globosa, Globulina 64Globulina 60var. glomula, Globulina 20Guttulina (Globulina) 60var. longitudinalis, Globulina__ _. 68myristiformis, Globulina 66orbicularis, Polymorphina 60ornata, Globulina 67ovoidea, Polymorphina (Globu-lina) 60pirula, Polymorphina (Globu-lina) 60Polymorphina 60,77,78,85(Globulina) 60var. punctata, Globulina 69striata, Globulina 65subgibba, Polymorphina (Globu-lina) 60tuberculata, Globulina 68verrucosa, Globulina 67gigantea, Polymorphina 120gigas, Guttulina roemeri, var 42Polymorphina 42glacialis, Globulina 71Glandulina dimorpha . 144laevigata 143(Glandulina) laevigata, Nodosaria.. 143Glandulina reussi___ 144glandulinoides, Polymorphina vitrea, var... 144globosa, Globulina 60gibba, var 64Guttulina 87Polymorphina 64,69Globulina acuta 64aequalis 64ampla 84amplectens 60, 73ampulla 79amygdaloides 73(Globulina) angusta, Polymorphina 37Globulina asperula 68australis 32
INDEX 189PageGlobulina bulloides - 23caribaea 75consobrina 85(Globulina) costata, Polymorphina 65Globulina deformis 23(Globulina) deformis, Polymorphina 23Globulina dentimarginata 72depressa 110(Globulina) depressa, Polym.orphina 110Globulina discreta 73elongata 81(Globulina) elongata, Polymorphina 81Globulina exserta 80flexa , 81gibba 60var. cognata 65fissicostata 67globosa 64glomula 20(Globulina) gibba, Guttulina 60Globulina gibba. longitudinalis 68myristiformis 66ornata 67(Globulina) gibba, ovoidea, Polymorphina. - 60pirula, Polymorphina 60Polymorphina 60Globulina gibba, punctata 69striata 65(Globulina) gibba, subgibba, Polymorphina. 60Globulina gibba, tuberculata 68verrucosa 67glacialis 71globosa 60granulosa 81polita 82(Globulina) granulosa, Polymorphina 81Globulina grateloupi 81(Globulina) grateloupi, Polymorphina 81Globulina gravis . 84guttula 25hispida 75horrida 79inaequalis 73caribaea . 75dollfussi 76spinata 76inflata 73irregularis 20lacrima 77ericia 78horrida 79(Globulina) lacrima, Polymorphina 77Globulina lacrimd, subsphaerica 78lacrynia 77laevis 17landesi 71minuta 83miinsteri 85ovalis 61oviformis 61priscd 73punctata 69roemeri 41rotundata 86pyrula 88rugosa 69
PageGlobulina species 89spinosa 68(Globulina) spinosa, Polymorphina 68Globulina subalpina 87,93subgibba 60translucida 74transversa 61triserialis 88tuberculata 68(Globulina) tuberculata, Polymorphina 68Globulina tubulosa 60turbinata 64varians 130glomula, Globulina gibba 20gracilis, Polymorphina 83granulosa, Globulina 81polita, Globulina 82Polymorphina (Globulina)grateloupi, GlobulinaPolymorphina (Globulina)gravida, Guttulina .gravis, Globulina 84Polymorphina 84gutta, Polymorphina 51,77,78Pyrulina 51guttata, Polymorphina 29guttiformis, Guttulina 38Polymorphina 38guttula, Globulina 25Guttulina adhaerens 36cuspidata 37austriacd 29angusta 37baileyi 41bar tschi 23bulloides 23byramensis 25caudata 36centrata 25communis 20costatula 35(Guttulina) costatula, Polymorphina 35Guttulina costulata 48cretacea 20cylindrica 54(Guttulina) damaecornis, Polymorphina 28Guttulina dawsoni 47deformata 41deplanata 43dilatata 25diluta 74dimorpha 144dubia 41elongata 89emersoni 47iracta 86frankei 28globosa . 87(Globulina) gibba 60gravida 61guttiiormis 38hantkeni 33incurva 86irregularis 2527nipponensis.
190 INDEXPageGuttulina jarvisi 39kishinouyi 40lactea 43earlandi 45laevigata 82(Guttulina) lanceolata, Polymorphina 55lata, Polymorphina 20Guttulina lehneri 39(Guttulina) megapolitana, Polymorphina 130minima, Polymorphina 83Guttulina nitida 79obtusa ' 87orientalis 24ovalis 54paalzowi 46(Guttulina) parva, Polymorphina 95Guttulina plancii 31ponderosa 61
, praelonga 37problema 19,25(Guttulina) problema, Polymorphina 20Guttuhna pulchella 33quinquecosta 46racemosa 102regina 34crassicostata 35robusta ___ 133roemeri 41gigas 42rotundata 86sadoensis 49schafferi 45semicostata 48semiplana -._ 25(Sigmoidina) pacifica 50seguenzana 50silvestrii 51spicaeformis 31australis 32trigonula 28turgida 87vitrea 144woodsi 45yabei 30ovale 31yamazakii 40hantkeni, Guttulina 33hanzawai, Pseudopolymorphina 94hirsuta, Polymorphina 69hispida, Globulina 75horrida, Globulina 79laerima 79Polymorphina 75, 79howchini, Polymorphina 121humboldti, Polymorphina 126inaequalis, caribaea, Globulina 75dollfussi, Globulina 76Frondicularia 128Globulina 73Polymorphina 89spinata, Globulina 76incavata, Polymorphina 114incerta, Polymorphina 110Pseudopolymorphina 1 10incurva, Guttulina 86
Pageindica, japonica Pseudopolymorphina 99Polymorphina problema 99Pseudopolymorphina 99inflata, Globulina 73Polymorphina 61, 132insignis, Polymorphina 133io, Polymorphina austriaca 31irregularis, Globulina 20Guttulina 25nipponensis, Guttulina 27ishikavifaensis, Pseudopolymorphina 98jacksonensis, ccstifera, Polymorphina 123Sigmomorphina 123Polymorphina 123Sigmomorphina 123japonica, Pseudopolymorphina indica 99jarvisi, Guttulina 39jonesi, Pseudopolymorphina 107jugosa, Pseudopolymorphina suboblonga 91kagaensis, Sigmoidella 141kishinouyi, Guttulina 40kotoi, Sigmomorphina 134labiata, Polymorphina 53Pyrulina 53laerima, ericia, Globulina ^ 78Globulina 77horrida, Globulina 79Polymorphina (Globulina) 77subsphaerica, Globulina 78lacrynia, Globulina 77lactea, communis, Polymorphina 20concava, Polymorphina 45,139cuspidata, Polymorphina 28diffusa, Polymorphina 61earlandi, Guttulina 45elongate variety, Polymorphina 83Guttulina 43novangliae, Polymorphina 90Polymorphina 20, 43, 75, 77, 79, 83, 138Serpula 43laevigata, Glandulina 143Guttulina 82Nodosaria (Glandulina) 143laevis, Globulina 17lavgenalis, Polymorphina 19Quadrulina 19lamarcki, Sigmomorphina .___. 131lanceolata, Polymorphina 54(Guttulina) 55landesi, Globulina 71Polymorphina 71lata, Polymorphina (Guttulina) . .. 20lecointreae, Polymorphina 102lehneri, Guttulina 39leopolitana, Polymorphina 108Pseudopolymorphina 108lepida, Polymorphina amygdaloides 110leprosa, Polymorphina 75lequilensis, Polymorphina burdigalensis 113liassica, Eoguttulina 17Polymorphina 17ligua, Polymorphina 89Pseudopolymorphina 89lingulata, Polymorphina 120regularis 120
INDEX 191Pagelongicollis, PolymorphiDa 53,77longistriata, Polymorphina 115longitudinalis, Globulina gibba 68lucida, Polymorphina 129margaretae, Sigmoidella 142marsupium, Polymorphina 120media, Polymorphina 110megapolitana, Polymorphina (Guttulina). ._ 130mendezensis, Polymorphina 109Pseudopolymorphina 109metensis, Polymorphina 17millettii, Dimorphina 138minima, Polymorphina (Guttulina) 83minuta, Globulina . 83Polymorphina. 83mucronata, Polymorphina 138miinsteri, Globulina 85Polymorphina 85myristiformis, Globulina gibba 66Polymorphina 66nipponensis, Guttulina irregularis 27mtida, Guttulina 79Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata 143nodosaria, Polymorphina 95, 107, 108, 110novangliae, Polymorphina lactea 90Pseudopolymorphina 90nussdorfensis, Psecadium 144nuttalli, Sigmomorphina 124nysti, Polymorphina regularis 122Sigmomorphina 122oblonga, Polymorphina .. 29,30,93,138oblongum, Psecadium 107obovata, Polymorphina 93obscura, Polymorphina 104Pseudopolymorphina 104obscuricostata, Polymorphina 101Pseudopolymorphina 101obtusa, Guttulina 87Polymorphina 85Pyrulina 54okuwaensis, Pseudopolymorphina 98compressa. 98orbicularis, Polymorphina gibba 60orbignii, Polymorphina 79orientalis, Guttulina 24ornata, Globulina gibba 67Polymorphina 67Orthoceratia tuberosa 92ovale, Guttulina yabei 31ovalis, Globulina 61Guttulina 54Pseudopolymorphina 103ovata, Polymorphina 103oviformis, Globulina 61ovoidea, Polymorphina (Globulina) gibba_-_ 60ovulum, Polymorphina 85Pyrulina 58paalzowi, Guttulina 46pacifica, Guttulina (Sigmoidina) 50Sigmoidella (Sigmoidina) 50Paleopolymorphina 112gaultina 112pleurostomelloides 112parallela, Polymorphina 116regularis 116parri, Pseudopolymorphina rutila 100
.Pageparva, Polymorphina (Guttulina) 95Pseudopolymorphina 95paucicostata, Pseudopolymorphina 101pauperata, Polymorphina ._ 74,130pearcey i , Sigmomorphina 132pediculus, Aulostomella 79pernaeformis, Polymorphina 120regularis 120phaleropei, Pseudopolymorphina 95pirula, Polymorphina (Globulina) gibba 60plancii, Guttulina 31pleurostomelloides, Cristellaria 107Paleopolymorphina 112Polymorphina 112plummerae, Sigmoidella 142polita, Globulina granulosa 82Polymorphina _._. 82polygona, Eoguttulina 17Polymorphina 17Polymorphina aculeata 115acuminata 58acuta 33,64.73,83adhaerens 36advena 118alleni 116amoena 89ampla 55, 79ampulla 79amygdaloides 52, 73, 85, 129, 131lepida 110terquemiana 129anceps 126angusta 55asperella 75australis 32austriaca, io 31biserialis 119bucculenta 80burdigalensis 113lequilensis 113byramensis 25campanulata 104chapmani 124charlottensis 119clavata 52cognata 65,120communis 20etrusca 85eomplanata 116,117, 119striata 115compressa 89,92,94,102,119,123,126,138dumblei 97striata 92concava 45dentimarginata 72consecta 102contorta 120costata 65,99crassa 133crassatina 133cretacea 20eushmani__ 117euspidata, costulata 48cylindroides 54, 56damaecornis 28
192 INDEXPagePolymorphina decora 96deflexa 41depauperata 110depressa 110digitata 108dilatata 102dispar 37, 114doanei - 95elegantissima 50,140,141elongata 119emcrsoni 47equalis 64exserta 80extensa 53fischeri 102flintii 125formosa 138fornasinii 114frondea 118frondiculariformis 128frondicularioides 19frondiforniis 122brevis 68fusiformis 54,56,73gaultina 112gibba 60,77,78,85aequalis 64ampulla 79orbicularis 60gigantea 120gigas 42globosa 64,69(Globulina) angusta 37costata 65deformis 28depressa 110elongata 81gibba 60ovoidea 60pirula 60subgibba.- 60granulosa 81grateloupi 81lacrinia 77spinosa 68tuberculata 68gracilis 83granulosa 81gravis--- , 84gutta.--.' 51,77,78guttata..-- 29guttiformis 38(Outtulina) costatula 35damaecornis 28lanceolata 55lata . 20megapolitana 130minima 83parva 95problema 20liirsuta 69horrida 75,79liowchini 121humboldti? ----- 126incavata 114incerta 110
PagePolymorphina inequalis 89inflata 61, 132insignis 133jacksonensis 123costifera 123labiata S3Jactea 20, 43, 75, 77, 79, 83, 138communis 20concava 45,139cuspidata 28diffusa 61elongate variety 83novangliae 90lagenalis 19lanceolata 54landesi 71lecointreae 102leopolitana 108leprosa 75liassica 17ligua 89lingulata 120longicollis 53,77longistriata --. 115lucida 129marsupium 120media 110mendezensis 109metensis 17minuta 83mucronata 138miinsteri 85myristiformis 66nodosaria 95, 107, 108, 110oblonga 29,30,93,138obovata 93obscura 104obseuricostata 101obtusa 85orbignii 79ornata 67ovata 103ovulum 85parallela 116pauperata 74, 130pernaeformis 120pleurostomelloides 112polita 82polygona 17praelonga 37problema 19deltoidea 133indica 99var 20proteiformis 144proteus 93pulchella 33pupa 82(Pyrula) acuminata 58regina 32,34,92rutila 100regularis 120,125,126,130lingulata 120nysti 122parallela 116pernaeformis 120
INDEX 193PagePolymorphina rhabdogonipides 18rotundata 86pyrula 88rudis 108rugosa 69sacculus ___ 120schlumbergeri 121schwageri 130seguenzana 50semicostata 48semitecta 129similis 83soldanii 92solidula 110sororia 41, 83consobrina 85cuspidata 55spatulata 105spicaeformis _. 31spinosa 68. 75subcompressa_ 89subcruciata 87subcylindrica 107subdepressa 104subdilatata 110subnodosa 1 10subrhombica 114subsphaerica 78subteres 54sulcata 66tenera 55teretiuscula 104texana 96thouini 57, 107torta 128translucida 74trigonula 28trilocularis 136truncata 105tuberculata 68turgida 87undulosa_ __ 131uviformis 31uvula 41variata 101velascoensis 59vicksburgensis 53vitrea, glandulinoides 144williamsoni 138zeuschneri 99ponderosa, Guttulina 61praelonga, Guttulina 37Polymorphina 37prisca, Globulina 73problema, deltoidea, Polymorphina 133Guttulina 19.25indica, Polymorphina 99Polymorphina 19(Guttulina) 20var., Polymorphina 20proteiformis, Polymorphina 144proteus, Polymorphina 93Psecadium acuminatus 144nussdorfensis 144oblongum 107
PagePseudopolymorphina atlantica 94compressa, okuwaensis 98curta 105decora 96digitata 108doanei 95dollfussi 106tenuistriata.- 106dumblei 97hanzawai 94incerta 110indica 99japonica 99ishikawaensis 98jonesi 107leopolitana 108ligua 89mendezensis 109novangliae 90obscura 104obscuricostata 101okuwaensis 98ovalis 103parva 95paucicostata 101phaleropei 95rutila 100parri 100soldanii 92spatulata 105striata 92subcylindrica 107subnodosa 110suboblonga 91jugosa 91variata 101flscheri 102zeuschneri 99pseudoregularis, Sigmomorpha (Sigmomor-phina) 125Sigmomorphina 125pulchella, Guttulina 33Polymorphina 33punctata, Globulina 69gibba 69pupa, Polymorphina 82(Pyrula) acuminata, Polymorphina 58pyrula, Globulina rotundata 88Polymorphina rotundata 88Pyrulina acuminata 58albatrossi 58cylindroides 56extensa 53fusiformis 54gutta 51labiata 53obtusa 54ovulum 58re tieulosa 59thouini 57velascoensis 59vicksburgensis 53Quadrulina 18frondicularioides 19lagenalis 19rhabdogonioides 18
194 INDEXPagequinquecosta, Guttulina 46racemosa, Guttulina . 102regina, crassicostata, Guttulina 35Guttulina 34Polymorphina 32, 34, 92rutila, Polymorphina 100regularis, lingulata, Polymorphina 120nysti, Polymorphina 122parallela, Polymorphina 116pernaeformis, Polymorphina 120Polymorphina 120, 125, 126, 130Sigmomorphina 126reticulosa, Pyrulina 59reussi, Glandulina 144rhabdogonioides, Polymorphina 18Quadrulina 18robusta, Guttulina 133roemeri, gigas, Guttulina 42Globulina 41Guttulina 41rotundata, Globulina 86Guttulina 86Polymorphina 86pyrula, Globulina 88Polymorphina 88rudis, Polymorphina 108rugosa, Globulina 69Polymorphina ^.-- 69rutila, parri, Pseudopolymorphina 100Polymorphina regina 100Pseudopolymorphina 100sacculus, Polymorphina 120sadoensis, Guttulina 49Sigmomorpha 49sawanensis, Sigmomorpha 137Sigmomorphina 137schafferi, Guttulina 45schencki, Sigmomorphina 133schlumbergeri, Polymorphina 121schwageri, Polymorphina 130Sigmomorphina 130seguenzana, Guttulina (Sigmoidina) 50Polymorphina 50semicostata, Guttulina 48Polymorphina 48semiplana, Guttulina 25semitecta, Polymorphina 129Sigmomorphina 129terquemiana, Sigmomorphina 129Serpula lactea 43tenuis ovalis laevis 43Sigmoidella elegantissima 140kagaensis 141margaretae 142plummerae 142(Sigmoidina) paciflca 50(Sigmoidina) paciflca, Guttulina 50Sigmoidella 50seguenzana, Guttulina 50silvestrii, Guttulina 51Sigmomorpha sadoensis 49sawanensis 137(Sigmomorphina) frondiculari-formis 128pseudoregu-laris 125yokoyamai - 136trilocularis 136
PageSigmomorphina aliceae 139bornemanni_.' 134chapmani 124concava 139crassa 133flintii 125frondiculariformis 128(Sigmomorphina) frondiculariformis, Sigmo-morpha 128Sigmomorphina gallowayi 135jacksonensis 123costifera 123kotoi 134lamarcki 13]nuttalli 124nysti 122pearceyi 132pseudoregularis 125(Sigmomorphina) pseudoregularis, Sigmo-m orpha 125Sigmomorphina regularis 126sawanensis 137schencki 133schwageri 130semitecta 129terquemiana 129torta 128trilocularis 136trinitatensis 131undulosa 131vaughani 137williamsoni 138yokoyamai 136(Sigmomorphina) yokoyamai, Sigmomorpha. 136silvestrii, Guttulina (Sigmoidina) 51similis, Polymorphina 83soldanii, Polymorphina 92Pseudopolymorphina 92solidula, Polymorphina 110sororia, consobrina, Polymorphina 85cuspidata, Polymorphina 55Polymorphina 41, 83spatulata, Polymorphina 105Pseudopolymorphina 105spicaeformis, australis , Guttulina 32Guttulina . 31Polymorphina 31spinata, Globulina inaequalis 70spinosa, Globulina 68Polymorphina 68, 75(Globuhna) 68striata, Globuhnp gibba 65Polymorphina complanata 115compressa 92Pseudopolymorphina 92subalpina, Globulina 87,93subcompressa, Polymorphina 89subcruciata, Polymorphina 87subcylindrica, Polymorphina 107Pseudopolymorphina 107subdepressa, Polymorphina 104subdilatata, Polymorphina IICsubgibba, Globulina 60Polymorphina (Globulina) gibba.. 60subnoaosa, Polymorphina 110Pseudopolymoi phina 1 10suboblonga, jugosa, Pseudopolymorphina 91Pseudopolymorphina 91
INDEX 195PagesubrhOiUbica, Polymorphina 11subsphaerica, Globulina lacrima 78Polymorphina 78subteres, Polymorphina 54sulcata, Polymorphina C6tenera. Polymorphina 55tenuistriata, Pseudopolymorphina dollfussi__ 106teietiuscula, Polymorphina lOlterquemiana, Polymorphina amygdaloides.. 129Sigmomorphina semitecta 129texana, Polymorphina %thouini, Polymorphina 57,107Pyrulina 57torta, Polymorphina 128Sigmomorpiiina 128translueida, Globulina 74-Polymorphina 74transversa, Globulina 61trigonula, Guttulina 28Polymorphina 28trilocularis, Polymorphina 1 36Siginormorpha 13fiSigmomorphina 136trinitatensis, Sigmomorphina 134triserialis, Globulina 88truncata, Polymorphina 105tuberculata, Globulina 68gibba 68Polymorphina 68(Globulins) 68
Pagetuberosa, Orthoceratia 92tubulosa, Globulina 60turbinata, Globulina 64turgida, Guttulina 87Polymorphina 87undulosa, Polymorphina 131Sigmomorphina 131uviformis, Polymorphina .- 31uvula, Polymorphina '. 41varians, Globulina 130variata, flscheri, Pseudopolymorphina 102Polymorphina 101Pseudopolymorphina 101vaughani, Sigmomorphina 137velascoensis, Polymorphina 59Pyrulina 59verrucosa, Globulina gibba 67vicksburgensis, Polymorphin 53Pyrulina 53vitrea, glandulinoides, Polymorphina 144Guttulina 144williamsoni, Polymorphina 138Sigmomorphina 138woodsi, Guttulina 45yabei, Guttulina 30ovale, Guttulina 31yamazakii, Guttulina 40yokoyamai, Sigmomorpha (Sigmomorphina) 136Sigmomorphina 136zeuschneri, Polymorphina 99Pseudopolymorphina 99
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