Th e typifi cation of Cordia fl avescens Aubl., the transfer of Firensia Scop.... 19 The typification of Cordia flavescens Aubl., the transfer of Firensia Scop. from Cordia L. (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) to the synonymy of Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae), and the identity of the species of Firensia Christian Feuillet 1 1 Department of Botany, MRC?166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Corresponding author: Christian Feuillet ( feuillec@si.edu ) Academic editor: James Miller ? ? |? ?Received 4 February 2013 ? ? |? ?Accepted 8 May 2013 ? ? |? ?Published 17 May?2013 Citation: Feuillet C (2013) Th e typifi cation of Cordia fl avescens Aubl., the transfer of Firensia Scop. from Cordia L. (Cordiaceae; Boraginales) to the synonymy of Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae), and the identity of the species of Firensia . PhytoKeys 23 : 19 ? 24 . doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.23.4827 Abstract Firensia Scop. was based on Cordia fl avescens Aubl., a species described and illustrated from a mixed col- lection that Scopoli never transferred to Firensia . Th e genus included three additional species formally named by Rafi nesque. Currently the four species are placed in three diff erent families and none retained the epithet accepted by Scopoli or given by Rafi nesque for reason of priority. A lectotype is designated for Cordia fl avescens that places Firensia in the synonymy of Ocotea (Lauraceae). Keywords Aublet, Boraginales, Combretaceae, Cordia , Lauraceae, French Guiana, Rafi nesque, typifi cation Introduction In the preparation of the treatment of the Boraginaceae for the Flora of the Guianas, I got intrigued by the history of Firensia Scop. When Scopoli (1777: 157) described Firensia , he included only Cordia fl avescens Aubl. that is therefore the type of the genus. Contrary to what is stated by Jackson (Index Kewensis 1893, as refl ected in IPNI (http://www.ipni.org/index.html; accessed 23.01.2013), in that work C. fl ave- scens was not transferred to Firensia . Necker (1790, 1: 276) accepted Firensia as one PhytoKeys 23: 19?24 (2013) doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.23.4827 www.phytokeys.com Copyright Christian Feuillet. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A peer-reviewed open-access journal Christian Feuillet / PhytoKeys 23: 19?24 (2013)20 of his ? species naturalis ? in a work where the nomenclature was uninominal and that is rejected as a source of names by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006, App. VI: 483). Th ree species were placed in Firensia by Rafi n- esque (1838: 40), two of them illegitimate renaming. Other authors ignored Firensia or placed it in the synonymy of Cordia (ex.: Candolle 1845: 471 [as ?Firenzia?]). Th en Kuntze (1891, 2: 977) placed them in Lithocardium ?L. 1735?. As this is a pre- 1753 name, he created Lithocardium Kuntze with Cordia L. as a synonym. It is an illegitimate renaming of Cordia . Methods To solve the question of the generic and familial placement of Firensia, I studied the literature and type specimens. I looked also at printed photographs found in the cited herbarium collections, and examined scanned of specimens or photos of specimens posted online, available directly through the herbarium site, or through the sites of JSTOR or Europeana. Example: ?photos F, MO!, US!; scan!?. Th e Internet address to the scans is given in a note below the species. A few typifi cations had to be made. When the type collection was known, but not the holotype, the text says: ?Type:... (lectotype... ; isotypes...)?. When the original description was associated with several collections of equal status or syntypes, a type collection and a lectotype were selected and the text says: ?Lectotype...: ... (hololecto- type...; isolectotypes...)?. In both cases the information on the date of lectotypifi cation is given next to the word lectotype. Taxonomic treatment Typification of Cordia flavescens and familial placement of Firensia in the Lauraceae Th e name Cordia fl avescens Aubl. was described and illustrated based on a mixture of fruiting branches of Ocotea commutata Nees (LAURACEAE) and fl owers belonging in Cordia . Specimens by Aublet at BM and S represent only the Ocotea element (Johnston 1935: 44). Th is off ers an opportunity to give a clear identity to the name by designat- ing as the lectotype a specimen lacking the Cordia element. Cordia fl avescens Aubl. is the only species included in Firensia by Scopoli (1777: 157) and is therefore the type species of Firensia Scop. Firensia falls in the synonymy of Ocotea Aubl. 1775 and belongs in the Lauraceae. Nomenclature stability is satisfi ed: Firensia Scop. (1777) does not have priority over Ocotea Aubl. (1775), and the epithet fl avescens cannot be transferred to Ocotea as the name Ocotea fl avescens Rusby (1920) applies to a diff erent species from Colombia. Aublet?s name becomes a synonym of Ocotea commutata (Nees) Mez. Th e typifi cation of Cordia fl avescens Aubl., the transfer of Firensia Scop.... 21 Ocotea Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 780; 4: t. 310. 1775. Type: Ocotea guianensis Aubl. Firensia Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat. 157. 1777. Type: Cordia fl avescens Aubl. Identity of the type species and those once placed in Firensia Th e species once placed in Firensia have been named or identifi ed as species of Cordia L., one by Linnaeus (1757: 14) and three by Aublet (1775: 219, 224, 226; t. 86, 88, 89). None of the epithets used in Firensia could be kept for reason of priority. Th e type species, Cordia fl avescens , and the three species of Firensia currently belong in three dif- ferent genera and families. 1. Cordia fl avescens Aubl., Lauraceae Ocotea commutata (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. K?nigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 327. 1889. Type: Based on Oreodaphne commutata Nees Cordia fl avescens Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 226; 3: t. 89. 1775; not Ocotea fl avescens Rusby 1920. Type: French Guiana. J.B. Aublet s.n. [specimens without the Cordia fl owers] (lec- totype here designated BM [BM-000993950; scan!]; isotypes LINN [SM 374.6], S [04-2350; scan!]) Cordia sarmentosa Lam., Tab. Encycl. M?thod. 1: 422. 1791; illegitimate renaming. Type: Based on Cordia fl avescens Aubl. Oreodaphne commutata Nees, Syst. Laur. 428. 1836. Type: French Guiana. J. Martin s.n. (holotype B ?ex P? [photos neg. F-3643, MO!, US!; scan!]; isotypes B [2 sheets, scans!], K, P! [2 sheets, scans!] and as ? Martin 20 ? P! [scan!] Lithocardium fl avescens (Aubl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977. 1891. Type: Based on Cordia fl avescens Aubl. Gerascanthus fl avescens (Aubl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34(3?4): 400. 1988. Type: Based on Cordia fl avescens Aubl. Note. Th e holotype of Oreodaphne commutata can be seen at http://ww2.bgbm.org/ herbarium/view_large.cfm?SpecimenPK=47688&idThumb=253360&SpecimenS equenz=1&loan=0, and the Paris isotypes at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/colweb/request. do?requestaction=exec; the lectotype of Cordia fl avescens at http://plants.jstor.org/ specimen/bm000993950, and its Stockholm isotype at http://plants.jstor.org/speci- men/s04-2350?history=true. Christian Feuillet / PhytoKeys 23: 19?24 (2013)22 2. Firensia fusca Raf., Cordiaceae Cordia collococca L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 274. 1762. Lectotype (designated by Miller 1988, 1999): Jamaica. P. Browne s.n. (hololecto- type LINN, Savage Catalog number 253.8[scan!]) Firensia fusca Raf., Sylva Tellur. 40. 1838; illegitimate renaming. Type: Based on Cordia collococca L. Lithocardium collococca (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 438. 1891. Type: Based on Cordia collococca L. Gerascanthus collococcus (L.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34(3?4): 399. 1988. Type: Based on Cordia collococca L. Notes. Th e hololectotype of Cordia collococca can be seen at [herb. LINN scan!; http://www. linnean-online.org/view/plants_alpha/cordia_callococca.html; accessed 22.01.2013]. For other synonyms, see Feuillet (2012: 160). 3. Firensia hirsuta (Willd.) Raf., Cordiaceae Cordia nodosa Lam., Tab. Encycl. 1: 422. 1792. Type: Aublet (1775) Hist. Pl. Guiane 3: pl. 86. Cordia collococca sensu J.B. Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 219; & 3: pl. 86. 1775; non L. 1757. (= Cordia nodosa Lam.) Cordia hirsuta Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 5 [as ?4?] 1(2): 1076. 1798. Type: Based on Cordia nodosa Lam. Firensia hirsuta (Willd.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 40. 1838. Type: Based on Cordia nodosa Lam. Lithocardium nodosum (Lam.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 977. 1891. Type: Based on Cordia nodosa Lam. Notes. Sometimes the collection from French Guiana?J.B. Aublet s.n. (BM [scan!], LINN SM-374.5 [microfi che!], P-Rousseau 5: 181! [acquired by P only in 1953])?is cited as the type of Cordia nodosa and C. hirsuta . In fact it is unlikely that Lamarck (1792, 1, 2(1): 422) or Willdenow (1798, 1(2): 1076) saw a specimen as they only cited Aublet plate 86. Aublet s.n. can be seen at http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/bm000906214 Cordia hirsuta Fresen. 1857 is diff erent from C. hirsuta Willd. 1798. For other synonyms, see Johnston (1935: 13?14). 4. Firensia lutea Raf., Combretaceae Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 64(2): 266. 1983. Type: Based on Cordia tetraphylla Aubl. Th e typifi cation of Cordia fl avescens Aubl., the transfer of Firensia Scop.... 23 Cordia tetraphylla Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 224; 3: t. 88. 1775. Lectotype (designated by Howard 1983: 266): Plate, Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: pl. 88, excl. f. 1-3 (1775). Firensia lutea Raf., Sylva Tellur. 40. 1838; illegitimate renaming. Type: Based on Cordia tetraphylla Aubl. Lithocardium tetraphyllum (Aubl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 977. 1891. Type: Based on Cordia tetraphylla Aubl. Gerascanthus tetraphyllus (Aubl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34(3?4): 402. 1988. Type: Based on Cordia tetraphylla Aubl. Note. For other synonyms, see Acevedo and Strong (2012: 229). Invalid names Ocotea commutata Nees ex Meisn., Prodr. (DC.) 15(1): 120. 1864, invalid: pro syn. Oreodaphne commutata Nees (= Ocotea commutata (Nees) Mez 1889). Cordia echitioides Lam. ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 612. 1839; invalid: pro syn. Cordia fl avescens Aubl. (= Ocotea commutata (Nees) Mez). Acknowledgements I want to thank Larry Kelly for reviewing the manuscript and Jim Miller for being the editor. My gratitude to the editorial team who indulge my poor handling of the interac- tion with the PhytoKeys website. I am indebted to the curators of the herbaria cited who made easy to get loans, or work in the collection in their care, or provided scans of types. References Acevedo-Rodr?guez P, Strong MT (2012) Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithso- nian Institution Scholarly Press, Washington, 1?1192. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/17551 Aublet JB (1775) Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Fran?oise. Didot jeune, London, Paris, 4 vol., 1?976 & plates 1?392. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.674 Candolle AP de (1845) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 9. Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris. 1?573. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.286 Feuillet C (2012) Boraginaceae. In: Acevedo-Rodr?guez P, Strong MT (Eds) Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. 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