THE GATEWAYS PROJECT 2003 F 1052.9 .F58 2003 ANTH Surveys and Excavations from Hare Harbor to Jacques Cartier Bay William W. Fitzhugh and Helena H. Sharp Arctic Studies Center Department of Anthropology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution November 2003 ji Jtd A3UZ 10 = 51 Ue UIKLCIIUN MTL NCCQ 514 864 2448 P 12023572684 Ministcre de Sa Culture et des Communicalions jon generate de I'Est du Quebec of amt Cammunlcationt Quebec “o N°. de permis: Direction de Ma Xjde-memoire aux archeologues P 04/04 03-FITZ-01 Nom du rcquerant: Adresse: William W. Fitzhugh Annie du permis: 2003 Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History 332, 8th Street s e. Washington, D.C. U.S.A. 20003 Nature dc la demande: Archaeological survey and lest excavations at selected sites. Cape Whittle to Brador, Lower North Shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec Contenu du rapport de recherche archeologique 1. Durie du sijour sur le terrain 2. Carte topographique au 1: 50 000 (localisation des sites) 3. Phoiographie airienne (localisation des nouveaux sites) 4. Plans - territoire prospcctc (cchcllc) - surface fouillcc (echelle) - sondages (echelle) 5. Coupes - stratigraphie de chaque site etudie 6. Description - techniques de fouille et/ou d'inventaire - cnrcgisirement des donnees 7. Traces d’itablissement - plan general - photos significatives - niveau stratigraphique - indications generates - mesures de protection prises 8. Interpretations 9. Recommandations 10. Catalogue des objets 11. Catalogue des photos Cochez S.V.P. Old Non Non Pages 2 applicable correspondantes 2-5_ 18-27 18-27 X X X 28-62 28-62 28-62 127-133 x_ r _x t 1 X X T x JL x_ B 10-13,28-62,92-97 28-91 127-133 13-15_ 15-16 92-97,1-60 i -vii En annexe 0 □ □ (Tir<5 de la Reglementalion sur la recherche archeologsquc. Pour obtenir une copie complete du Rcglement, communiques avee Ie ou la responsable des permis de la Direction generate de I'Est du Quebec) Note: Veuillcz s.v.p. adjoindre cel aide-memoire lors du dipot du rapport. 4SQ, boul. Saint-Laurent bureau 600 Vleux-Montiial (QuttxO H2Y 3Y7 Courrlel: em@mcc.gouv.qcca wv*w.mo.gouv.qceVragion/0 6Z06.htm Date d'impression- 9 juillet. 2002 ** PPGE TOTPLE.04 ** Contents Page no. Figure List. I-VI i Section 1: Project Narrative, Fieldwork, Conclusions, and Recommendations.... 1-17 Section 2: Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs. 18-27 Section 3: Field Notes.....28-62 Section 4: Field Photographs.......63-91 Section 5: Artifact Square Inventories...92-97 Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square............................................ 98-126 Section 7: Stratigraphy.127-133 Apendix A: Gateways 2002 Artifact Catalogue ..... 1-61 Apendix B: Sample Field Report Form...62-64 Figure List Fig. No. Location Subject Page No. LI Pitsiulak Cristie Boone’s Birthday Photo by W. Richard 3 1.2 Blanc Sablon Orca Cresting Photo by W. Richard 3 1.3 Havre de la Croix Crew in Survival Suits Photo by W. Richard 4 1.4 Hare Harbor-1 Wilson Evans Diving Photo by W. Richard 4 1.5 L'Anse du Portage Dorset Site 5 1.6 Harrington Harbor Pitsiulak After a Storm 5 2.1 Overview map LNS Gateways 2003 sites 19 2.2 Petit Mecatina-2 and Hare Harbor-1 Aerial Photograph 20 2.3 Petit Mecatina-2 and Hare Harbor-1 Topographic map 21 2.4 Gros Mecatina Aerial Photograph 22 2.5 Gros Mecatina Topographic map 23 2.6 Seal Net Point-2 Aerial Photograph 24 2.7 Seal Net Point-2 Topographic map 25 2.8 L’Anse du Portage & Bayfield Harbor-1 Aerial Photograph 26 2.9 L’Anse du Portage & Bayfield Harbor-1 Topographic map 27 3.1 Gros Mecatina-1 Rectangular feature with Cristie Boone 29 Figure List i 3.2 Gros Mecatina-1 Eastern and Western terrace 29 3.3 Gros Mecatina-1 Area sketch 30 3.4 Gros Mecatina-2 Area sketch 31 3.5 Gros Mecatina-2 L2 32 3.6 Gros Mecatina-2 LI 32 3.7 Gros Mecatina-3 Area 3 33 3.8 Gros Mecatina-3 LI 33 3.9 Gros Mecatina-3 LI 34 3.10 Gros Mecatina-3 L2 sketch 35 3.11 Gros Mecatina-3 L2: SI & S2 35 3.12 Gros Mecatina-3 Area sketch 36 3.13 Gros Mecatina-3 Area photo 36 3.14 Gros Mecatina-3 Area 1 map 37 3.15 Gros Mecatina-3 Area 1 37 3.16 Gros Mecatina-3 Area 3 map 37 3.17 Petit Mecatina -2 Sketch map 38 3.18 Petit Mecatina-2 LI, general 38 3.19 Petit Mecatina-2 LI, close-up, SW 38 3.20 Petit Mecatina-2 LI, close-up, N 39 3.21 Petit Mecatina-2 LI map 39 3.22 Petit Mecatina-2 L1, after excavation 39 3.23 Petit Mecatina-2 Rectangular structure, to SE 40 3.24 Petit Mecatina-2 Rectangular structure map 40 ii The Gateways Project 2003 3.25 Bayfield Harbor-1 View North 41 3.26 Bayfield Harbor-1 View to NW 41 3.27 Bayfield Harbor-1 Feature map and artifact sketch 42 3.28 L'Anse du Portage-1 Area photo 43 3.29 L’Anse du Portage-1 Area sketch 43 3.30 L’Anse du Portage-2 Boulder beach photo 45 3.31 L'Anse du Portage-2 Area sketch 46 3.32 L'Anse du Portage-3 Find location photo 47 3.33 L'Anse du Portage-3 Area sketch 48 3.34 Seal Net Point-2 Area 2 and 3 49 3.35 Seal Net Point-2 Area 2 and 3 map with artifact list 50 3.36 Seal Net Point-2 Area 2 test trench 51 3.37 Seal Net Point-2 Area 2 excavation, day 1 51 3.38 Seal Net Point-2 Area 3 unit 1 51 3.39 Seal Net Point-2 Area 3 excavation map 52 3.40 Seal Net Point-2 Area 3 profile and notes 52 3.41 Seal Net Point-2 Radiocarbon calibration graph 54 3.42 Hare Harbor-1 Area sketch 55 3.43 Hare Harbor-1 Early stage of excavation 56 3.44 Hare Harbor-1 Midway into excavation 56 3.45 Hare Harbor-1 View of east edge boundary 56 3.46 Hare Harbor-1 View of boulder, W of hearth 56 3.47 Hare Harbor-1 2 South line detail 57 Figure List 3.48 Hare Harbor-1 Excavation and Visitor, Larry Ransom 57 3.49 Hare Harbor-1 Excavation 2003, 3/4 complete 57 3.50 Hare Harbor-1 4 South 4 East, hearth 58 3.51 Hare Harbor-1 Pavement along 3 East line 58 3.52 Hare Harbor-1 4S4E Hearth map 2 58 3.53 Hare Harbor-1 “Hearth” area completed 59 3.54 Hare Harbor-1 Close of 2003 season 59 3.55 Hare Harbor-1 1 South 3 East pavement 60 3.56 Hare Harbor-1 View south from shelter 60 3.57 Hare Harbor-1 Test pit 5 61 3.58 Hare Harbor-1 Test pit 6 61 3.59 Hare Harbor-1 Test pit 7 61 3.60 Hare Harbor-1 Excavation gridwith surface elevation measurements 62 4.1 Hare Harbor-1 View of site from bay 64 4.2 Hare Harbor-1 S View of site from overhang 64 4.3 Hare Harbor-1 2003 crew taking refuge in shelter 65 4.4 Hare Harbor-1 View of completed of excavation to north 65 4.5 Hare Harbor-1 Boulder and depression in site 66 4.6 Hare Harbor-1 Boulder and hearth depression 66 4.7 Hare Harbor-1 East pavement edge 67 4.8 Hare Harbor-1 North pavement edge 67 4.9 Hare Harbor-1 North pavement edge 68 iv The Gateways Project 2003 4.10 Hare Harbor-1 NE comer of excavation 68 4.11 Hare Harbor-1 Team working north edge 69 4.12 Hare Harbor-1 1S3E, Floor slab and nail 69 4.13 Hare Harbor-1 Iron spear point, 1N3E 70 4.14 Hare Harbor-1 Baleen at 1S1W 70 4.15 Hare Harbor-1 0N2E Rectangualr soapstone pot fragment 71 4.16 Hare Harbor-1 Tile dump at SE cmer of site 71 4.17 Hare Harbor-1 IS IE Ceramics, lead, and flint 72 4.18 Hare Harbor-1 ON IE Pipe stem, ceramics, glass, mica, nail 72 4.19 Hare Harbor-1 2N4E Pipe stem, glass, ceramics 73 4.20 Hare Harbor-1 1S3E Glass and ceramic 73 4.21 Hare Harbor-1 0N3E Ceramic, iron, pipe stem 74 4.22 Hare Harbor-1 0N2E Whale bone 74 4.23 Hare Harbor-1 0N2E Rectangualr soapstone pot fragment (outside) 75 4.24 Hare Harbor-1 0N2E Rectangualr soapstone pot fragment (inside) 75 4.25 Hare Harbor-1 1N3E Glass, lead, ceramic, whetstone, spear point 76 4.26 Hare Harbor-1 0N0E Ceramics and flint 76 4.27 Hare Harbor-1 Test pit 7 Ceramics 77 4.28 Hare Harbor-1 2S6E Ceramics 77 4.29 Hare Harbor-1 1N5E Ceramics, glass 78 Figure List v 4.30 Hare Harbor-1 4.31 Hare Harbor-1 4.32 Hare Harbor-1 4.33 Hare Harbor-1 4.34 Hare Harbor-1 4.35 Hare Harbor-1 4.36 Hare Harbor-1 4.37 Hare Harbor-1 4.38 Hare Harbor-1 4.39 Hare Harbor-1 4.40 Hare Harbor-1 4.41 Hare Harbor-1 4.42 Hare Harbor-1 4.43 Hare Harbor-1 4.44 Hare Harbor-1 4.45 Hare Harbor-1 4.46 Hare Harbor-1 4.47 Hare Harbor-1 4.48 Hare Harbor-1 4.49 Harrington Harbor vi Pipe stems and bowl, glass, lead, 78 musket ball Test pit 7 ceramics 79 Test pit 6 flint blocks 79 5S5E Rudder pintle (pin) 80 Stoneware vessel shoulder 80 4S4E Pipe stem, ceramic, glass 81 4S1E Lead and glass 81 Ceramics 82 Whetstone and glass 82 1N1E Ceramic and glass 83 IN IE Ceramics, with decoration 83 Glass Beads: Photo by Jean- 84 Francois Moreau Underwater collection 84 Underwater collection, ceramics 85 Anja Herzog with underwater 85 ceramic Perry Colboume and Wilson Evans 86 diving Anja Herzog with underwater 86 ceramic 2003 crew, team #1 87 2003 crew team #2 87 Christie Leece at town meeting 88 The Gateways Project 2003 4.50 Hare Harbor-1 Lena Sharp and Perry Colboume 88 4.51 Petit Mecatina-2 Boulder field 89 4.52 Gros Mecatina North shore 89 4.53 Gros Mecatina-3 LI with Andrew Hofstra 90 4.54 Gros Mecatina-3 L3 with Lena Sharp 90 4.55 Gros Mecatina-3 LI 91 4.56 Seal Net Point-2 Groswater Artifacts 91 6.1-6.55 Hare Harbor-1 Artifact traces 98-126 7.1 Hare Harbor-1 IS line profile 128 7.2 Hare Harbor-1 6E line profile comparison 128 7.3 Hare Harbor-1 3E line profile comparison 129 7.4 Hare Harbor-1 2E line profile comparison 129 7.5 Hare Harbor-1 IS line profile comparison 130 7.6 Seal Net Point-2 Area 3 profile 130 7.7 Seal Net Point-2 Area 2 profile 131 7.8 Petit Mecatina-2 Mound profile 131 7.9 Gros Mecatina-3 LI surface profile 132 7.10 Gros Mecatina-3 L3 surface profile 132 7.11 Bayfield Harbor-1 Feature surface profile 133 Figure List VII Section 1 Project Narrative, Field Work, Conclusions, and Recommendations Section 1: Project Narrative St. Lawrence Gateways Project: 2003 Field Report William W. Fitzhugh1 The St. Lawrence Gateways Project has completed its third season (2001-03) of archaeological reconnaissance and excavations along the Lower North Shore. Our initial 2001 survey was the most extensive geographically and ranged from the Mingan Islands to the Strait of Belle Isle (Fitzhugh 2001), while 2002 and 2003 seasons concentrated on the more restricted region between Harrington Harbor and La Tabatiere (Fitzhugh and Gallon 2002). Work in 2002 tested several sites found during the 2001 survey and expanded surveys of the outer coast region around the southern tip of Petit Mecatina. These same areas became the focus of the 2003 season, with principal attention given to the Basque site, Hare Harbor 1, which had been located in 2001 and tested in 2002. This year’s work expanded the testing program, uncovered a workshop floor, and made an initial underwater survey adjacent to the site that revealed a Basque midden on the sea floor. Work at other sites confirmed the presence of a Groswater (Transitional Paleoeskimo) site at Seal Net point near Cape Whittle and identified new prehistoric site prospects on Gros Mecatina Island and at L’Anse du Portage near St. Augustine. This work is reported in preliminary fashion below, following a brief narrative account of the project. Previous project reports provide more extensive discussion of the goals of the Gateways Project. Briefly stated, these include (1) general archaeological exploration of the little-known LNS region, especially its outer coast environment; (2) identifying and investigating local Maritime Archaic and later Indian sites; (3) determining the western limits of Paleoeskimo and historic Inuit (Eskimo) culture penetration; (4) researching patterns of prehistoric trade and culture contacts with Labrador, Newfoundland, and the inner Gulf; (5) locating and establishing archaeological evidence for early European (Viking, Basque, and later) sites; and (6) investigating evidence of historic period European-indigenous contact. Research to date has contributed information from more than fifty sites toward each of these goals. Detailed reports on 2001 and 2002 field activities have been submitted to the Ministry of Culture and Communication, Government of Quebec, together with artifact catalogs prepared by Anja Herzog of Laval University. To date, the field collections are modest in size and are housed at the Quebec Archaeological Repository. 2003 work continued this pattern of modest archaeological recovery, but achieved significant results. This report describes the field activities, the sites and finds, presents project field notes and catalog, preliminary conclusions, and includes a detailed catalog of the 2002 collections. Project Narrative As in previous years we began the 2003 field season at Lushes’ Bight at the eastern end of Long Island, on Pilley’s Arm between Notre Dame Bay and Green Bay, Newfoundland. Perry had already prepared Pitsiulak for sea before the crew’s arrival, so we were able to depart for Quebec on the next day, July 25. In addition to skipper Colbourne and myself, the outbound crew included returning veterans Warren Hofstra, an old hand from our Labrador projects in the 1970s, now a professor or history at Shenandoah College in Winchester, Virginia; Cristie Boone of Seattle, who had finished her BA and was about to begin graduate school at the University of California in Santa Cruz; and Will Richard of Maine, project photographer. New crew members included Christie Leece, recently graduated from George Washington University in anthropology, and Helena Sharp, a recent McGill anthropology graduate. Warren Hofstra was accompanied by his son, Andrew Hofstra. 1 This report has been assembled by Helena Sharp, with contributions by Anja Herzog and Christie Leece. 2 The Gateways Project 2003 We had a great send-off organized by Perry’s wife, Louise, and the rest of the Colbourne clan, and with good weather proceeded to La Scie east of Cape St. John for our first evening stop. The next day we made a short, windy run to Fleur de Lys that shook out the kinks in the vessel (as well as several stomach contents) and landed us, as in 2002, at the Dorset soapstone quarry and its Interpretation Center, where we introduced the crew to the local archaeology and met briefly with John Erwin, who had just completed a field school project in Coachman’s Harbor. The evening was highlighted by northern lights - a fitting display, since it happened to be Cristie Boone’s birthday! The evening of the 27th brought us to Quirpon Harbor near the northern tip of Newfoundland in a long day of smooth steaming past the Grey and Seal Islands, St. Anthony’s, and several venerable icebergs. In Quirpon we met Boyce Roberts, a friend of Will’s, and enjoyed a fine dinner at the Gina Nordhof’s Norseman Restaurant in L’Anse aux Meadows. The 28th turned out to be too foul to travel, so we spent the day visiting the Parks Canada Viking site and museum, and the trade village at LAM, where we found tourists from the Quebec-based cruise ship, Echo de Mer, ashore soaking up rain and Viking lore. An evening banquet of moose stew and fish at Boyce Robert’s provided good cheer and old stories that set us up well for the next day’s long run across the Strait of Belle Isle. The highlight of this passage - other than its uncharacteristically calm seas - was our rendezvous at close quarters with a large male and female orca (killer whale) for several miles as we passed Blanc Sablon. Evening found us anchored in a quiet cove near the St. Augustine run, swatting mosquitos. At mid-day on the 30th we arrived at Gros Mecatina (“Grand Isle”) and spent the afternoon surveying its northeast end, with little success until we went ashore on the north side of Gaumont Harbor. Here we found a steep boulder beach whose upper levels had several interesting linear arrangements of boulders and slabs associated with cache pits and possible impressions of sunken house floors. The next morning we surveyed the southwestern arm of the island and found several interesting site locations on raised boulder beaches, including a very large walled enclosure whose interior cache pits had been dug out by local enthusiasts searching for artifacts. Above this feature (LI) we found a set of Maritime Archaic multi-room houses (L2) and near the modern shore a round house pit (L3). That evening we arrived at Harrington Harbor, which would serve as our base of operations for the next three weeks. In Harrington we found Anja Herzog had arrived on the coastal boat, Nordik Express, moments before us, having come from Quebec City by bus and ferry to join the crew. We quickly reconvened with old Harrington friends from previous years: Mayor Paul Rowsell, Heritage Committee Chairman Keith Rowsell, Wildlife Officer Wilson Evans and his wife Christine Vatcher, and others. Wilson, a scuba-diver, had just launched his re-built cabin boat and quickly reminded me of his earlier offer to help us explore the underwater areas near the Basque site at Hare Harbor. Since I had been unsuccessful in securinq funds to bring in professional archaeological divers, I Fig. 1.2: Orca Breaching Fig. 1.1: Cristie Boone’s Pitsiulak Birthday. Section 1: Project Narrative 3 accepted enthusiastically. We also learned that Christine Vatcher, Helen Morency, and Georgianna Maurice wanted to volunteer on our excavations, and that the town’s efforts to locate government funding for student workers had not been successful. tfW On 1 August, we left Harrington for Havre de la Croix on the southwestern tip of Petit Mecatina. Here we spent a day investigating boulder mounds and other features at the Petit Mecatina 2 site, which resembled Maritime _ Archaic burial mounds. The ‘mound’ we tested turned out to be a natural feature, but nearby we found and mapped a three-segment longhouse (see fig. 3.23-3.24 ). While we were engaged with archaeological pursuits, Perry wandered afield, sampling the local bakeapple crop, and returned to pronounce it a rather poor year. Later that day we ran a life-saving drill, donning the vessel’s immersion survival suits and acquainting the crew with what it feels like to be safe but helpless floating on the surface of the water. That afternoon we rounded the Cape and anchored in Hare Harbor on the southeastern end of Petit Mecatina, where our research would be concentrated for the first two weeks in August, interrupted every few days by re-supply trips to Harrington. Fig 1.3: The Crew in Survival Suits Our principal work at Hare Harbor 1 was to expand the trenches begun here the previous year. At that time we excavated test pits in different areas of the site and opened up two one-meter wide trenches in Area 1, where we had found a level area with a paved floor. We had also shot in a preliminary site map and searched for the blubber rendering ovens. Our 2003 work here was devoted to clearing the entire floor of what we were now calling Structure 1, continuing our search for ovens and other workshops areas, and exploring the adjacent underwater zone. Unlike last summer, the early August weather this year was superb and permitted us to accomplish a great deal of work under ideal conditions. Even the flies were manageable. Progress was substantially enhanced by participation of the Harrington volunteers noted above. Toward the end of our stay, Wilson Evans arrived with his diving gear and, with Perry’s assistance, spent several hours surveying the harbor bottom near the site. To our amazement, he found it covered with a layer of fine sediment through which were protruding Basque roof tiles, cut timbers, whale bones, and pottery vessels. The latter were identical to the ceramics we had been finding at the land site. Samples of these materials were recovered for identification and further study. The 10th was our final day of work at Hare Harbor, and we celebrated it and Will Richard’s birthday with a picnic feast on the rocks at Pointe Antrobus. That evening we returned to Harrington and presented our results to an enthusiastic community gathering, and the next morning to the regional Fig. 1.4: Wilson Evans Diving radl° audience- On the 12-13th of August we shifted operations to Point a Maurier west of Harrington to test the Seal Net-2 Paleoeskimo site we had found in 2001. At that time we had found a biface fragment in a peat blow-out but had been unsuccessful locating other finds or a source deposit. This year, within a short time, we located the parent site a few meters 4 The Gateways Project 2003 away and soon isolated two areas where we conducted small excavations for the next day and a half, recovering a small Groswater too! assemblage and charcoal samples (see fig. 4.41). On the 14th we returned to Hare Harbor to complete our excavations and maps, and closed the site for the winter beneath a tarp covered with backdirt Our return voyage from Harrington began on the 18th with a ritual ceremony involving fresh peaches and ice cream taken on the warm, sun-drenched deck of Pitsiulak’s after cabin, en route to Gros Mecatina, where we spent the afternoon testing the large ring enclosure (LI), the L2 Maritime Archaic structure, and the L3 pithouse. The enclosure continued to resist identification, but we found a chert biface in the L2 (Maritime Archaic?) structure and some evidence of prehistoric activities in L3, making prospects for future work here promising (see pages 33-37). We spent the night of the 18th in La Tabatiere, and then continued east to St. Augustine via the inside passage, arriving about noon the next day. At this point we contacted Nicholas Shattler, who had earlier expressed interest in showing us potential site areas on the outer coast. We traveled with him to Bayfield Harbor where we did some surveying that afternoon at lie Leon (Dead Man’s Island), finding a cluster of pit features previously visited by Jean-Yves Pintal, and a small structure on the opposite shore. The next morning, we inspected a cove east of Cumberland Harbor before proceeding to L’Anse du Portage, a seasonal fishing settlement at the southwestern entrance of Jacques Cartier Bay, where we learned about an historic Inuit burial, found more boulder cache pits, and came across a single Dorset (?) biface in a footpath near the village. That afternoon we departed for Blanc Sablon, making harbor late in the evening after bucking a tough headwind. The next morning we packed up our collections, which were to travel with Anja Herzog back to Quebec by ferry and bus, and about noon began a very fair passage across the Straits, arriving near midnight in Quirpon to discover the dock jammed with fishing vessels taking refuge from a gale predicted for the next two days. However, by early morning the storm had not yet materialized, so we set out to see how much southward progress we could make before having to take refuge. As it happened, the weather remained calm almost until nightfall, and by that time we had arrived safely at Lushes Bight, completing the return voyage in the record time of four days. During the next few days we prepared Pitsiulak for winter and completed our logs and notes. A brief excursion to Oil Island, a short distance west of Long Island, resulted in discovery of a site with a large number of cache pits, rock enclosures, and chert flaking debris, including diagnostic Dorset implements. It is likely that this site has been used by a number of Indian and Paieoeskimo groups, given its proximity to the chert quarries on the nearby Flint Islands, which we also visited and sampled. Finally, we also climbed up the north side of North China Head to inspect a cave from which Beothuk Indian burials had been recovered early in the 20th century, finding it still contained scraps of birch bark and wood. Fig. 1.6: The Pitsulak After a Storm Fig. 1.5: L’Anse du Portage-3 Section 1: Project Narrative 5 Fieldwork Activities The following site descriptions summarize data recorded more fully in the field notes section of this report and present preliminary conclusions about cultural affiliation, age, significance, and potential for future research. Seal Net Point-2 (Ec Bw-2) Elevation: A2: 7.71 m. asl; A3: 5.0 m. asl Location: 50° 20.177'N 59° 48.725'E Culture: Groswater Paleoeskimo Site Type: Seal hunting camps The Seal Net Point sites a kilometer south of Pointe a Maurier were first located in 2001, when a stray biface of Groswater chert was found in a peat blowout near a small rocky knoll overlooking the site’s western cove. Unable at that time to locate the site which we believed should be nearby, we returned for two days in 2003. This time we quickly succeeded in finding Paleoeskimo traces in two areas above the small ponds on the west side of Seal Net Point peninsula. Area 2 is about 30 meters south of the original biface find, and Area 3 is east of Area 2, about 25 meters away at a slightly lower elevation (see pp.49-54). Our first excavation at A2 was a 50cm wide trench that followed a linear rock alignment that may have been the mid-passage of an ill-defined axial dwelling. Artifacts and flakes were found in a 5cm layer of tundra vegetation and peat set upon a base of gravelly sand and bedrock. The artifacts were in the lower peat and upper black sandy midden soil. This exploratory trench produced mostly brown southwest Newfoundland (“Groswater”) cherts and a few microblades (fig. 4. 56). The next day we opened up four 1 x 1 meter squares east of the earlier trench, finding three concentrations of tiny re-sharpening flakes and several tools, most notably a fine flared endscraper and a small radiocarbon sample that returned an AMS date of 2500+/-40 (Beta 182960) (fig. 3.41). At the end of the day we had to depart before completing our excavations here and plan to return in the future. Two days were also spent excavating several square meters of Area 3. Here the soil deposit ranged from 10-20cm deep: tundra moss and berries overlying a level of peaty humus overlying humified peat that rested directly on smooth sloping bedrock. As in A2 this area exhibited clusters of small re-sharpening flakes of Newfoundland chert. Very few artifacts were found; however a large burin-like tool spall with grinding facets on three sides, a burin-like tool base fragment, and some other pieces, including microblades, clearly indicate a Groswater component. Like A2, this area needs further excavation. In addition to seven different varieties of fine-grained chert, we recovered several tools and flakes of Ramah chert (fig 3.35). Petit Mecatina-2 (Ed Bt-2) Elevation: Location: Culture: Site Type: 15.24 m. asl 50° 32.579'N 59° 19.528’ W Maritime Archaic? LI Mound feature; L2 longhouse foundation Petit Mecatina-2 is located on a large exposed boulder beach on the northeast side of Trap Cove, opposite PM 1. When first located in 2001 we noted the presence of several low mounds of 6 The Gateways Project 2003 boulders, about four meters in diameter and 0.5m high, one of which had a rectangular slab embedded in its crest. The boulder fields also had several conical cache pits and suggestions of other features or structures, primarily in the upper beaches. Suspecting the mounds might be Maritime Archaic burial features, and some of the other structures might be longhouses, we returned in 2003 and tested two of the most likely locations. LI, a mound near the eastern crest of the beach near the lake outlet, and L2, a possible longhouse foundation in a swale between two beach ridges in the center of the upper beach area about 100 meters southwest of LI (pp. 38-40). The LI mound feature had a cap of low berry bush and lichen on its crest but was not otherwise vegetated. After laying out a grid and mapping the feature we removed the upper boulders and soon discovered a continuous layer of undisturbed beach cobbles below the surface rocks that extended into the nearby beach deposits. Apparently the mound is a natural feature or a surficial cultural construction of undetermined nature (fig. 3.17-3.22). We located the L2 rectangular structure for the first time in 2003 near one of the other mound-like features in the center of the upper beach, 2-3 m lower elevation than LI. An 8 meter long rectangular area between two beach ridges had been cleared of the larger surface boulders to create a more level floor area below in the underlying beach deposit of smaller cobbles and small boulders. We mapped the structure and ‘excavated’ the top two levels of rocks, finding them underlain by much larger undisturbed beach boulders. Nothing at all was found: no artifacts, flakes, or even a single fire cracked rock - not unexpected given the absence of vegetation or peat and the large interstices between the rocks. Some of the wall rocks had fallen in onto the floors and it was not possible to identify individual rooms, but the pattern conformed to the other LNS Maritime Archaic longhouse sites, including a lack of artifact finds (fig. 3.23-3.24; pp.40). Hare Harbor 1 (EdBt-3) Elevation: 0-10 m. asl (Structure 1: 9.26 m.) Location: 50° 33.73' N 59° 18.12' W Culture: 17th C. Basque Site type: Settlement and workshops; underwater midden This site’s historical importance is matched by its dramatic physical setting at the base of a huge cliff whose in-slanting lower wall creates a 100-meter long rain-free shelter with a dry zone ranging from 5-10m deep (fig. 4.1). Some of this shelter is cluttered with rock-fall, but much is accessible, and fragments of tile, iron spikes, charcoal, and bone from two test pits excavated at the drip-line suggest the Basque may have utilized the shelter and erected structures inside its dry zone (fig. 4.3). Access from the harbor is by a steep grass-covered bank (fig. 4.1). Test pits excavated in 2002 at the top of the bank revealed a thin culture layer with tile fragments, small spikes, small amounts of ceramic, and charcoal. One pit contained faience or majolica earthenware fragments with glazed decoration, a fluted earthenware strap handle, large quantities of charcoal, and several clay pipe stem fragments. On the north side of the cove the land rises sharply to a steep cliff in a jumble of large blocks that separated from the cliff face in a massive rock-fall. In digging a test pit between these blocks in 2002 we discovered that roof tiles have been pinned directly beneath the fallen blocks, raising the possibility that this portion of the site may have received a catastrophic blow during or shortly after its occupation and that this event may have contributed to site abandonment. Section 1: Project Narrative 7 In 2002 we produced a rough site map with a transit, searched unsuccessfully for ovens, excavated new test pits, and opened a T-trench of 40 square meters in Area 1, which we found to have been a work area with a paved floor (fig. 4.10). The black, humus-rich soil above this floor contained large amounts of roof tile (most plain but a few lead-glazed), large numbers of iron spikes ranging in size from small nails to heavy spikes 25cm in length, shards of thick dark bottle glass, extremely thin flat and curved glass fragments, highly-fired grey stoneware in a variety of vessel shapes, soft earthenware, and large amounts of charcoal. No wood or bone remains were found, although charcoal was present in large quantity and in large lumps. Among the more peculiar finds were a lump of beeswax and the corner of a blubber-encrusted soapstone lamp of Inuit style and probable Inuit manufacture. This season we opened 41 one-meter units around the original 2002 T trench, extending a meter or so beyond the limit of the floor pavement, an area that also defines the major area of artifact finds (fig. 3.49). The excavation was designed to open up the entire floor area of Structure 1 and to determine the nature of the large hearth area in the south-central part of the structure. Work proceeded by excavating progressively out from the margins of the 2002 trenches, limiting our work only to the deposit above the paving stones, which we wanted to maintain in original position. Stratigraphy Soil deposits above the floor mirrored those encountered in 2002. Roof tiles and iron spikes were frequently found in the 5-10cm thick layer of turf, and were joined by ceramics, charcoal and other materials in an undifferentiated layer of black, charcoal-stained black earth that extended to the top of the floor pavement. The thickness of this culture layer varied but was usually also 5-10 cm thick (see fig. 7.1 -7.5). However outside the limit of the floor pavement (fig. 4.7-4.8), we excavated deeper to explore the lower deposits, finding they continued to depths of 30-60cm’s in some cases, for instance along the north and west pavement edge. These deeper deposits contained tile, iron, and other artifacts similar to materials found above the pavement, in addition to occasional rock slabs and rounded beach rocks. Like the deposits above the pavement, these deep deposits were not stratified and did not contain signs of cut peat or sod blocks - nor did the rocks appear to have functioned as foundations or features. Toward the bottom of these deposits there was a transition from black earth into a greasy brown humified peat lacking artifacts, slabs, and charcoal which represented the undisturbed soil prior to the occupation. This was followed after some centimeters by either by coarse sand with a heavy admixture of mussel shell, or bedrock. These deep deposits were found along the southern, western, and northern margins of the floor but not along its eastern margin, where the upward-rising sterile beach was closer to the surface, immediately beneath the floor pavement (fig.4.10). Crushed Tile Dump Beginning outside the eastern edge of the pavement we found a layer of crushed tile whose fragments were much smaller than those found elsewhere in the Structure 1 deposits. This material seemed to have been crushed by having been walked upon and was often heavily burned. The layer is thickest at the southeast edge of the excavation and extends into the bushes east of the site, where test pits showed it to be 40-50cm deep. The layer lenses out toward the north end of the excavation. As a whole the layer appears to have built up over a period of time through use as a tile dump rather than as a function of work activity. Few artifacts were found among these crushed tiles (see fig. 3.45). The Floor Pavement During excavation it was obvious that the floor pavement, which covered an area ca. 8 x8 meters, was uneven and was composed of rocks ranging from true slabs to semi-flat rocks or worse. The purpose of the pavement is unclear; there seems to have been little attention to creating a smooth, level floor except in the northeast corner of the structure where cultural material lies directly on beach sand (fig.4.10) Elsewhere it compensated for the intrusion of The Gateways Project 2003 ledge rock in the northeast floor and stablized the wet peaty soil which otherwise would have been a muddy mess. Testing beneath several paving slabs in the center of the structure reveals a few artifacts (nails mostly) in the spaces between floor slabs but sterile peat below. However, this needs further verification. Another interesting feature is the presence of the large rocks and blocks that lay randomly on top of the pavement. These appear to be “late arrivals” that resulted from roof fall or for anchoring canvas tarps that may have been used to cover the floor over the winter (fig. 4.7). The Hearth This year we opened up the large hearth feature that was partially uncovered at the south end of the north-south trench in 2002. This feature consisted of a partial ring of cobbles, slabs and small boulders set against a 2-meter wide beach boulder. The top of this rock was higher than the rest of the site surface and its sod cover contained large and nearly unbroken roof tiles, as though from collapse of the tile roof. The northern border of the hearth area arcs north in a semi-circle from this boulder, merging with the crushed tile level on the east side. Its margin to the south was unclear, perhaps because the ground surface rises toward the ledge that probably formed the southern wall of the structure, two meters away (fig. 4.5-4.6). Inside the hearth (fig. 3.50-3.53), cultural deposits extended down 30 cm below the general floor pavement level, terminating in a carefully-laid floor of thin slabs. A concentration of grey stoneware shards was found in the pit, together with a number of nails, and dozens of 5-10 cm diameter seething stones. These stones, the high concentration of charcoal, and the fire-burnt inward sides of the border rocks all indicate a major open-hearth fire. Underwater Survey The highlight of the 2003 work was the discovery of an underwater Basque component in the site’s landing area. Although only briefly inspected, Wilson Evans recovered samples of roof tile, a nearly-whole earthenware vessel with broad strap-handles and stamped panel decoration like that found in the land site, a piece of whale bone, cut timber, and ballast stone (fig 4.42-4.46). We surmise that these materials accumulated as detritus from the land operation, from repairs to vessels or vessel remains, and damaged roof tiles and ceramics dumped from Basque ships after breakage during the sea-crossing. In the absence of professional divers, we limited our underwater collection to a small sample of representative materials. 2003 Test Pits Three test pits were excavated during the past day or two of the 2003 season to check areas of the site that had not been tested previously. Test Pit 5 (fig. 3.57) revealed a thin cultural level containing clay tiles, a pipe bowl, nails, and some glazed ceramic fragments lying upon sterile beach deposits. This area was designated Area 2 in 2002 and was thought to contain another shop area; it needs more investigation in the future, since there is a suggestion of sub-surface structure and of surface leveling. Test Pit 6 (fig. 3.58) is located near the ledge at the southern edge of the site above the access beach and below what may be a purposefully leveled area. The thin deposit contained much charcoal and ashy soil, burned tile, large chunks of burned European flint, and a few pieces of wood. There were no obvious structural remains. Test Pit 7 (fig. 3.59) was placed south of the large cluster of rock fall boulders in the center of the site ‘meadow’. One large rectangular block is cultural, but no other cultural material was found other than tile fragments, which are found everywhere. Section 1: Project Narrative 9 Summary Work in 2003 adds much new data to previous information about this site and provides a clearer picture of activities and artifact complex from the Area 1 structure. From deposits above the floor we recovered a large sample of grey stoneware vessels of several types, brown earthenware with fluted strap handles and stamped panel decoration; a variety of glass bottle fragments, pieces of fine, thin, rolled-edge glassware; large and small iron spikes, a large-headed iron pin that may be a ship’s rudder pintle, a tanged iron spear point or knife, and other iron remains. Charcoal was abundant everywhere and in large quantities, but there was no evidence of smelting or smithing, or of major processing of whale blubber. Small amounts of lead sheet and melted lead sprue suggest a bit of work with melted lead. Scattered fragments of whale bone and baleen suggest that baleen rather than whale oil may have been most important economically. However, the most interesting finds were a small number of glass beads of 5 or 6 different types (fig 4.41), a variety of clay pipe stems and bowls that suggest a 17th century occupation, considerable later than ca. 1600, as previously suggested. This may also explain the absence of rendering ovens and the presence of baleen, which in the 17th century replaced oil as the prime whale product of importance to Basques operating in this region. Another interesting development was the recovery of a second piece of Inuit contact evidence: this time the broken end of a soapstone cooking pot (fig 4.15, 4.23-4.24). This pot has single-groove rim decoration, a style dating to the early period of Inuit contact in Labrador, ca. 1600. As in the case of the soapstone lamp found in 2002, this artifact is normally owned by and usually associated with Inuit women. Interestingly, residents of the nearby village of Tete-a-la-Baleine recall that Hare Harbor was once known as L’Anse aux Esquimaux. However, as has been noted previously (Taylor 1978, 1980; Martijn 1980; Goddard 1984), this term may not always have referred to the Inuit and may have been used by some Indian groups to refer to others of Indian ethnicity in the Lower North Shore region. Pipes, beads, Inuit soapstone, baleen, and the continued absence blubber rendering facilities raise interesting new questions about the dating and economy of this Basque site in comparison to others in the Straits and Gulf. Gros Mecatina-1 (Ee Br-14) Elevation: ca. 7.01 m. as! Location: 50° 48.909' N 58° 51.862' E Culture: Maritime Archaic and/or Later Indian Site Type: Boulder beach structures This site (pp.29-30) is located on a steep raised boulder beach on the north shore of Gaumont Harbor at the northeastern end of Gros Mecatina Island, near a prominent bulldozer scar ascending at right angle to the shore. East of the scar on the second terrace from the top of the beach we found a number of boulder caches and other structure types, including two or three rectangular 2x4 meter features which might be mid-passage house floors or burials. Faint depressions on the uppermost beach suggests the remains of a three-room Maritime Archaic longhouse with depressed floors separated by raised platforms or dividers. The terrace extension to the west of the forest patch has several large and small cache pits, one of which had been disturbed by recent local digging. We did not test any of these sites, and their cultural affiliation remains unknown, although a Maritime Archaic occupation seems likely for some of these features (fig. 3.1). 10 The Gateways Project 2003 Gros Mecalina-2 (Ee Br-15) Elevation: ca. 9.14 -12.19 m. Location: 1-1: 50° 47.725' N 58° 53.058' E Culture: Unknown Prehistoric Site Type: Boulder beach structures This site (pp.31-32) consists of three separate loci (LI, 2, 3) near the top of the easternmost beach pass on the island’s southwest arm. LI, at the western end of an exposed boulder beach, has one large (meat?) and two small (bird or egg?) cache pits. L2 is south of LI near the crest of the pass and appears to be a round house pit whose slightly excavated floor, about 3.5m in diameter, has been created by removing a layer or two of beach rocks. A possible grindstone was noted on the floor, but no excavation was attempted and no diagnostic materials were found. This structure resembles L3 at Gros Mecatina-3 and is probably related to a post-Maritime Archaic Indian culture. We also tested the prominent sandy beach terrace (L3) immediately above the shore at the southwest side of the pass, which had a distinct bowl-shaped depression, but we found no evidence of charcoal, flakes, or cultural indications (fig. 3.4). Gros Mecatina-3 (Ee Br-16) Location; culture, elevation ask LI 50° 47.367' N, 58° 53.434’ W; unknown prehistoric; 7.35 meters as! L2 50° 47.357' N. 58° 53.430' W; Maritime Archaic; 9.6m asl L3 50° 47.388' N, 58° 53.448' W; unknown prehistoric pithouse; 5.25m asl L4 50° 47.725' N, 58° 53.058' W; unknown prehistoric cache pits A series of site locales (pp.33-37) was identified on the outermost beach pass on the southwest arm in the central part of the west-facing boulder beaches adjacent to a fossil lagoon. Many of these beaches are exposed, while others are covered with a thick layer of peat vegetation that probably conceals other site areas. The vegetated extension of the upper terrace to the west of LI-3 especially should be investigated. LI is a large irregular-shaped oval structure (fig. 3.7-3.9, 3.14) with multi-tiered boulder walls and two internal cache pits, one of which has been excavated by local enthusiasts. The structure’s rock walls range from 2 to 3 tiers high. We made a rough sketch map of this unusual site and excavated the upper level of rocks in a portion of the northern interior, but found no sign of cultural material, it seems likely that the disturbance in the larger cache pit of this very recognizable walled structure was the source of the stone artifacts reportedly found on this island in the past. The beach area immediately south and east of this structure has a series of depressions and cache pits that may be the remains of a Maritime Archaic longhouse (fig. 3.13). L2 is a probable Maritime Archaic longhouse complex located on the next terrace above LI, consisting of three cleared floor areas, with its two western rooms aligned and in a ‘dog leg’ orientation to a third, eastern, room. All three may be part of a single extended dwelling structure whose rooms are separated by elevated (uncleared) sections of beach acting as partitions between them. These structures are wider than most Labrador Maritime Archaic longhouses. I found a chert preform fragment among the cobbles near a rectangular slab feature in the center of SI, and a similar square hearth also existed in S2. Given the general absence of lithic debitage and tools from other longhouse sites excavated on the LNS, this site gives promise of containing identifiable Section 1: Project Narrative 11 artifacts, and its hearth features are also unusually well-defined for a Maritime Archaic site, if that is what this is (fig. 3.10). L3 is a circular feature with a flat sunken floor resembling the interior of a semi-subterranean dwelling (fig. 4.54). Excavating the eastern portion of the floor produced a possible fragment of flaked stone and some charcoal but no diagnostic materials. This structure appears similar in form to the L2 house floor at Gros Mecatina 2, L2. L4 is located among the boulders not far above the active beach at the southeastern end of the site area and consists of a series of conical boulder pits, most likely caches for seal meat (fig. 3.16). Bayfield Harbor-1 (Eh Bo-17) Elevation: ca. 22.86 m. asl Location: 51 ° 12.6' N 58° 21.8' E Culture: Unknown Site type: Stone structure and cache pit While surveying with Nicholas Shattler we visited a location on the north side on a rocky knoll at the northeast end of Bayfield Harbor where a multi-tiered rock walled structure had been found by local residents. A small cache pit 20-30 meters to the southeast is probably associated with this structure. The structure has a bi-lobed, figure-8 shape with its larger, northern oval “room” having internal dimensions of 1.5 x 2.0 meters and a smaller walled enclosure 1 m in diameter connected to its southern, uphill, side. The bowl-shaped interior of the south room is too small for human occupancy and may have been used as a cache. The north room is larger and has a relatively flat floor with a few paving stones, upon which we recovered a single flake of hard slate¬ like rock with a striking platform and a polished surface (cortex?) (fig. 3.27). This site is unusual for its small size and exposed location. Full excavation might provide more answers (fig. 3.26). L’Anse du Portage-1 (Eh Bn-4) Elevation: ca. 39.14 m. asl Location: 51° 14.5’ N 58° 17.0’ E Culture: Unknown Site Type: Human grave? In spring, 2003, Nicholas Shattler of St. Augustine contacted us inquiring about our possible interest in visiting a location in Jacques Cartier Bay where according to a local resident named Kenneth Maurice a human skeleton and a ‘lantern’ had been found many years ago. The finds were supposed to have come from a narrow crevice 20 meters southwest of a rock cairn on the outer shore several hundred meters south of the settlement (fig. 3.28-3.29). According the local lore the finders became nervous about having a skeleton in their possession and ‘reburied’ it in another cleft across a small pond to the west of the site. According to Maurice, the “lantern” resembled an egg with the yoke scooped out (a good description of an Inuit soapstone lamp) and was later given to a Mr. Stiles who was traveling with and collecting from the Indians in St. Augustine in the 1950s. This must have been William Stiles, who worked with Frank Speck as a collector for the Museum of the American Indian / Heye Foundation in New York City, now the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. (We are investigating if this lamp can be traced at the NMAI, or were among the Canadian ethnographic and archaeological collections transferred from the Heye to the Cloverdale collections in Tadoussac.) We visited the site with Shattler on August 20, 2003, and were shown the 12 The Gateways Project 2003 location, but found no archaeological remains or evidence of a burial feature either in the primary find locus or the reburial area across the pond. L’Anse du Portage-2 (Eh Bn-5) Elevation: Not measured Location: 51 ° 13.949' N 58° 17.082' W Culture: Unknown Site Type: Boulder pits While walking back to the village from LARI we found a concentration of boulder pits in a small, steep sloped raised beach on the west side of a cleft between the hills leading to the cliffs on Jacques Cartier Bay (fig. 3.30-3.31). Two 2-3 meter diameter pits were present in the upper part of the beach and 3 or 4 smaller 1m pits a few meters below. The upper two pits were linked or conjoined somewhat like the Bayfield 1 structure, but in this case are conical pits rather than subsurface floors. The larger (lower) pit had been dug into, probably by the same individuals who recovered the bones and soapstone lamp. Shattler noted that local residents had been interested in these sites several decades ago. We looked for signs of cultural material in the disturbed pits but found none. It seems likely the two large features as well as the smaller ones are caches for seal, fish, birds or eggs. However, Shattler noted that people had found stone tools in some of these pits in the past, so they should probably be investigated carefully and not simply dismissed as caches . L’Anse du Portage-3 (Eh Bn-6) Elevation: 10.36 m. asS Location: 51° 14.208' N 58° 17.257' W Culture: Probably Dorset Site Type: Stray find? Returning to the village area, Nick Shattler and I found a single chert biface and a flake of the same chert in an eroded spot in a path west of the settlement area, SW of a tidal lagoon that in Dorset times would have been a small protected cove. We tested the locality for signs of in situ deposits but found no other cultural material, although a few cobbles seem to have been part of a hearth or structure. The biface appeared Dorset-like and was made of dark chert resembling Newfoundland varieties. Further work probably will reveal a Dorset site in the vicinity (fig. 3.32-3.33). Conclusions Gateways Project surveys along the Lower North Shore continue to provide new information on the environment, cultures, early history, and archaeology of this beautiful but little-known coast. This region was first surveyed by William Wintemberg in the 192Q-30s, and its eastern-most area, around Blanc Sablon, has been studied extensively in recent years (Pintal 1998; Pintal and Martijn 2002). Three years of Gateways research concentrating primarily on the outer coast islands and cape regions have produced evidence from more than fifty sites, dating from Early Maritime Archaic times 7-8000 years ago to the modern day. Geography Evidence for prehistoric coastal settlement from Mingan to Cape Whittle is concentrated at river mouths and areas where modem towns have spurred archaeological discoveries, although relatively few sites have been excavated in this region in recent years. While Section 1: Project Narrative 13 river-mouth sites are also common east of Cape Whittle, this area’s islanded geography adds a new component that is absent from the economic and settlement opportunities available to those living west of this Cape. The presence of an islanded, indented coast and colder marine waters from the Labrador Current produced increased concentrations of sea mammals and open ocean fish resources, adding significantly to the riverine and inshore economic base that sustained coastal peoples in the inner Gulf. An added consequence of colder waters and increased maritime influence is a less forest cover, greater tundra and shrub components in the vegetation, and presence of raised boulder beaches that facilitated aboriginal settlement and archaeological prospecting. Hence while it is not clear that these geographic changes resulted in increased prehistoric and historic settlements or higher population levels, Cape Whittle does seem to mark a major transition point in terms of cultural adaptations, economy, seasonality, and settlement patterns and types. Maritime Archaic Work at Petit Mecatina, Gros Mecatina, and locations like Belles Amours are beginning to provide a consistent picture of a LNS Late Maritime Archaic culture that differs considerably from that of Newfoundland and Labrador and may be provisionally designated the Mecatina Complex (5200 - 3500 BP). This complex exhibits houses with multi-segment rooms, low walls, pit caches, and a linear or “long house” configuration. Further, all of the sites of this complex are located in outer coast environments and are associated with boulder beaches and food caches that suggest they are occupied seasonally when sea mammals - most probably harp seals - were available in quantity, in the fall and early spring. At other times of the year the resource base for this culture complex was probably limited to fish, caribou, and other small game. It seems likely that economic and technological limitations such as periodic scarcity of food and of high quality lithic raw materials, at least seasonally, may have restricted the development of the Mecatina complex compared to the more elaborate expressions of Maritime Archaic cultures known from Labrador and Newfoundland. In addition to major differences in tool abundance, the Quebec sites and houses are much smaller, averaging 3-5 rooms per longhouse compared to 10-25 for the same period in Labrador. Further discussion of this subject appears in our 2002 field report. Later Indian. Paleoeskimo, and Inuit At lower elevations, in the 10 to 14 m (43 ft) range at Pointe des Belles Amours, we found a sequence of sites beginning with late Maritime Archaic dwellings which we radiocarbon-dated to 4000 year ago. At lower elevations at Gros Mecatina and Belle Amours are found round boulder pit houses that are unlike the Maritime Archaic longhouses and seem to date to the Intermediate Indian period ca. 3500 - 1500 years ago. A scatter of Paleoeskimo finds indicate that both Groswater and Dorset peoples occupied the LNS between Cape Whittle and Blanc Sablon, with the Groswater culture (ca. 2500 BP) occurring now as far west as Cape Whittle, whereas present evidence for Dorset culture (ca. 2000-1600 BP) is still limited to the region around Middle Bay and Vieux Fort. So far, apart from the Inuit soapstone finds at Petit Mecatina, there is no certain evidence of Thule Eskimo or historic Inuit sites or stone monuments, such as grave cairns, inuksuks, fox traps, and tent rings, west of St. Augustine. Basque Archaeology Our most extensive data are from European sites of the past 500 years, which represent a tremendously important archaeological resource for Lower North Shore culture history. So far, no Viking sites have been found, nor is evidence of their presence known from Native contact sites. However, discovery of two major Basque sites at Mecatina and Havre Boulet, dating to the late 16-17th centuries, provides opportunities for new studies of this early European group who were the first to exploit North America for the European whale oil market. The Mecatina Basque site has produced collections across a range of material culture and has the potential of providing data on an unexplored 17th century Basque occupation period and economy. Its underwater deposits discovered this year offer exciting possibilities for recovering large amounts of intact objects, and most importantly, preserved organic objects of bone and wood not preserved 14 The Gateways Project 2003 on land, including tools and weapons, whaling gear, maritime technology, boat and ship remains, and zooarchaeological dietary and commercial remains. Whether the Basque sites explored by the Gateways expeditions operated as whaling stations is not clear. Mecatina has no blubber furnaces or other signs of major whaling activities, probably because whales in these southern waters had been hunted out by the early 17th century, forcing the Basque to shift to pursuits like fishing, sealing, and fur trading. Future Prospects In future years we need to broaden knowledge of the prehistory of the Lower North Shore to fulfill the goals outlined at the outset of the Gateways Project. More work is needed to clarify the settlement forms and technology of the Maritime Archaic culture; to clarify the distribution and frontier characteristics of Paleoeskimo and Inuit cultures; and to learn more about the maritime aspects of Later Indian cultures. Survey work has enabled us to identify the sites needed to provide this information. And we need to extend comparisons of these materials to other regions. Many of these sites can make important contributions to the developing heritage tourism economy and will provide locations to visit and objects to display in local interpretation centers. An important part of these future programs will engage local communities and their student populations in field projects in the vicinity of their towns and villages. The Mecatina Basque site in Hare Harbor is the most important archaeological find made to date in the Gateways Project. We anticipate that in future years our work here will expand thorough collaboration with Laval University, the Government of Quebec, Parks Canada, as well as with Harrington Harbor and other communities along the Lower North Shore. One future goal will be to continue exploration of the Hare Harbor site to further define the nature of its on-shore activities and types of structures, and to recover material remains needed to date the site occupation, determine the functions of its structures, and its economic basis. We have yet to explore opportunities connected with a second Basque site found at Boulet Harbor near Mutton Bay. Another goal is to search for more evidence of Basque interaction with native peoples. Progress in this direction is now beginning to emerge from Mecatina. Initially we expected that Basque activities on the Lower North Shore would have involved Native groups economically through trade or direct assistance in the whaling or fishing industries; but to date the only evidence for contact are two fragments of Inuit soapstone vessels, one a lamp and the other a cooking pot. The likelihood of contact is enhanced by the fact that the site dates to ca. 1600 or later, when Inuit had begun to appear regularly in the Strait of Belle Isle. At this time, contacts with Indian groups would also have been more frequent, and perhaps more friendly. A third future goal is to explore the nature of the Mecatina underwater site to determine its extent, state of preservation, and contents. Preliminary indications suggest that at least a meter of Basque deposits containing tiles, pottery vessels, worked wood, and whale bones is present, and a large worked timber resembling a ship keel may indicate a sunken vessel. Fourth, we need to compare the Mecatina Basque site with other Basque occupations in the Gulf and Strait of Belle Isle, as well as other contemporary European sites in Newfoundland and Labrador to understanding differences in chronology, economy, material culture, and native contact history. Finally, we should explore the possibility of planning an exhibition tentatively titled, “Basque 1000” to explore and commemorate the past thousand years of Basque people, culture, history, and Section 1: Project Narrative 15 arts in the Old World and New, and which could feature - among other subjects - archaeological research and finds from Basque sites in the Quebec and southern Labrador, including Petit Mecatina. Acknowledgments Gateways 2003 has benefited from assistance from many organizations and individuals. We acknowledge first and foremost the generous financial support provided by General and Mrs. Raymond E. Mason, Jr. and Anina Glaize, as well as the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. We thank the Quebec Ministry of Culture and Communication, especially Gilles Samson, Claudine Giroux, and Anne-Marie Balac for assistance in the permitting and reporting processes. Selma Barkham, Reginald Auger, Laurier Turgeon, and Rene Levesque have provided important encouragement and stimulation. We are grateful to our friends in the LNS villages, especially in Chevery and Harrington Harbor, for their support and assistance, particularly Harrington Harbor Mayor Paul Rowsell, Kieth Rowsell, Christine Morency and Wilson Evans, Amy Evans, Georgianna Maurice, Helen Morency, Larry Ransom, and others; Nicholas Shattler of St. Augustine; Clifford and Florence Hart of Brador; Gina Nordhof and Boyce Roberts of L’Anse aux Meadows and Quirpon; and of course the entire Colbourne clan of Lushes Bight. Our 2003 core crew members, Cristy Boone, Anja Herzog, Warren and Andrew Hofstra, Christine Leece, and Helena Sharp, deserve thanks for their many contributions, as well as Perry Colbourne for his expert nautical stewardship and tolerance of our scientific peculiarities and the Smithsonian’s fiscal ineptitude. I am also grateful the efforts provided by photographer Will Richard for helping us record our efforts and communicating our work. References Barkham, Selma 1980 A note on the Strait of Belle-Isle during the period of Basque contact with Indians and Inuit. Etudes/lnuit/Studies 4(1-2): 51-58. Fitzhugh, William W. 2001 The Gateways Project 2001: Archaeological Survey of the Quebec Lower North Shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Mingan to Blanc Sablon. Report to the Ministry of Culture and Communications, Government of Quebec. Smithsonian Institution: Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History. Fitzhugh, William W., and Matthew Gallon 2002 The Gateways Project 2002: Surveys and Excavations from Petit Mecatina to Belles Amours. 174 pp. Report submitted to the Ministry of Culture and Communications, Government of Quebec. Smithsonian Institution: Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History. Goddard, Ives 1984 Synonymy. Pp. 5-7 in: Introduction. Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 5. Arctic. Edited by D. Damas. Washington, Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution. 16 The Gateways Project 2003 Huxley, Selma (editor) 1987 Los Vascos en el Marco Atlantico Norte. Siglos XVI y XVII [The Basques in the North Atlantic in the 16th and 17th Centuries]. San Sebastian: Editorial Etor. Levesque, R. 1972 Description preliminaire detaillee de quatre saisons de fouilles archeologiques dans le region de Blanc-Sablon, au detroit de Belle-Isle (1968-1971). Report on file at Ministere des Affaires Culturelles, Quebec. Martijn, Charles A. 1974 Archaeological research on the Lower Saint-Lawrence North-Shore, Quebec. In Archaeological Salvage Projects 1972, edited by W. J. Byrne, pp. 112-130. Mercury Series Paper No. 15, Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man, Ottawa. 1980a La presence inuit sur la Cote-Nord du golfe St.-Laurent a I’epoque historique. Etudes/lnuit/Studies 4(1-2): 105-125. 1980b The Inuit of Southern Quebec-Labrador: A Rejoinder to J. Garth Taylor. Inuit/Etudes/ Studies (1-2): 194-198. Moussette, Marcel 1994 Le site du palais de I’intendant a Quebec: genese et structuration d’un lieu urbam. Siliery, Quebec: Septentrion. Pintal, Jean-Yves 1994 A Groswater site at Blanc-Sablon, Quebec. In Threads in Arctic Prehistory: Papers in Honour of William E. Taylor, Jr. edited by D. Morrison and J.-L. Pilon, pp. 145-164. Mercury Series Paper No. 149, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Ottawa. 1998 Aux fronteres de la mer: La prehistoire de Blanc Sablon. Les Publications du Quebec, Dossiers 102, Collection patrimonies et Municipality de Blanc-Sablon, Quebec. Rousseau, G. 1982 Inventaire et sauvetage archeologiques a Brador/Middle Bay, 1981. MAC, Report, p. 130. Taylor, J. Garth 1978 Did the First Eskimos Speak Algonquian? In Papers of the Ninth Algonquian Conference, pp. 96-103. William Cowan, ed. Ottawa: Carleton University. 1980 The Inuit of Southern Quebec-Labrador: Reviewing the Evidence. Etudes/lnuit/ Studies 4(1 -2): 185-194. Section 1: Project Narrative 17 Section 2 Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs Note: Topographic maps are scans of the 1:50 000 series maps issued by Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Aerial photographs are scans of 1:40 000 prints issued by Resources Naturelles Quebec. Fig. 2.1: 2003 Gateways Project sites, Lower North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Section 2: Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 19 Fig. 2.2: Aerial Photograph 12J9 showing locations of Petit Mecatina-2 and Hare Harbor-1 20 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 2.3: Section of map 12 J/11 showing locations of Petit Mecatina-2 and Hare Harbor-1 Section 2: Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 21 Fig. 2.4: Aerial Photo 12 J/13 showing Gros Mecatina 1,2 and 3 22 The Gateways Project 2003 % SS%A f /lA%44k/I h •<*S*L * ^ gjfV ^ C** 0 •W^»v o 0 G’t>?4 Mecatirs-1 High Bcsicfei 4 8«WS M avH 0 ;.A i ' *%, f /■• '4 31 | *■ ffi '< :■ 1 £ 4 /m,®*" L €a> l A V 4r^#i Ci bu ._ I' ':^v ): /|! sr iik&AHy* * 3. ■/"’•; ., '(»<*’•< " .’ / -1 Q«».Mee«w*2 - 's • fe» 3 12 &KQS MiCATINA **m$ 1 S2-iUp.. . ■ ., , 4/3. )#»*%*«■ , jGrcss fetasibS 'S L.3_J 1 ' u-^ K1 v L2‘ \ . , * *. 5v-^' i *?Sv :a 4 A' v-vj /; A.'-- % 1 4 ■>>^ I ?4 65‘ 6# Fig. 2.5: Section of map 12 J/15 showing locations of Gros Mecatina, 1,2 and 3 Section 2: Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 23 Fig 2.6: Aerial Photo 12 J/6 showing location of Seal Net Point-2 24 The Gateways Project 2003 y* e _t T" '.X 25 i-oups Mjsrins 5 I- J ■ \ I 1 *~ . ,iy. .. .| 0if | .4f \5“'” >\ , J v Lsrrl • a , 4... pAi,r.o? ■ ./ JC~£. ;1 S« “• ' "". c> ^-\4 ff i *» Li ~4] 1 <3 ...4, r/"“ '"V7 _/>v I i , rjSB&* **"jS5v j ^ / CS * jr ..j .X. wX44\t-- > x" f i* \ X~ " ?' 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Tentative Dating: Unknown Site Type/ Seasonality: Boulder beach structures Site Location: On boulder beach midway along north side of Havre Gaumont, NE side of Gros Mecatina Fig. 3.1: Gros Mecatina-1: One of the Rectangular Features Fig. 3.2: Gros Mecatina-1: View Southeast (Cristie Boone for scale, view of N end of site to NE) Western Terrace Eastern Terrace Description of Site: This site has a prominent bulldozed scar right down the left (west) side of the boulder beach. One local informant from Tabatiere told us that this scar was created by someone who mined the beach for boulders, bulling them down the road-bed and loading them aboard a vessel. To the east of the scar on the second terrace from the top are a number of boulder caches and possible structures, some appearing to be opened caches while others seem intact. Two or three features were rectangular ca. 2 x 4 meters in dimension and might be mid-passage house floors or burials. The upper beach has faint depres¬ sions looking like a Maritime Archaic longhouse with depressed floors, separated by raised platforms or dividers (3 ‘rooms’ and 3 ‘dividers’), but this was not very clear without excavation. One large and a couple of small cache pits were located on the western boulder beach terrace. Nothing was found below the level Section 3: Field Notes 29 of the beach rocks in the already-opened (by recent people) cache aside from more beach cobbles; we did not find a “solid” level down there. Areal Extent of Site: 300-400 meters Raw Materials: Nothing found. No testing or moving of rocks was done. Collection Procedure(s): Nothing collected Samples Taken: None Photos: Polaroids; 2 or 3 35mm color slides; Digital Stills Surveyed By: Pitsiulak 2003 crew Date Surveyed: 7/30/03 GPS Station: 141 Remarks: Mouton Bay and Tabatiere residents told us there were pits and stone houses on the northern part of Gros Mecatina, and said that stone artifacts had been found in there. After finding Gros Mecatina 3 & 41 believe these reports probably refer to this large site, which had evidence of disturbed pits and structures. We did not find much digging or disturbance in these structures (unless there are other sites). We did not have time to do any mapping or digging. It would be interesting to excavate the rectangular features and a room in the “longhouse” Fig. 3.3: Gros Mecatina-1: Area Sketch Many of the structures had patches of moss around them, perhaps an indicator of extra nutrients, as was found to be the case at the Maritime Archaic sites at Aillik, where moss patches on the boulder field marked hearths in long houses. Lifting a few rocks in one of the rectangular features produced nothing but more rocks and no soil floor. Most of the structures on the eastern beach have not been disturbed and could be excavated. 30 The Gateways Project 2003 Gros Mecatina-2 Borden Number: Ee Br-15 Height A.S.L.: Not measured, around 9-12 meters ASL Military Grid Ref.: 50° 47.725' N 58° 53.058' E Map Ref.: Tabatiere 12 J/15 Culture: Unknown Prehistoric Tentative Dating: Unknown Site Type/ Seasonality: Boulder beach structures Site Location: On the boulder beaches on the first beach pass next to the main part of the island, SW end of Gros Mecatina island. Description of Site: LI is on the exposed beach at the SW end of the pass, on the west side facing Tabatiere. It consisted of one large circular feature (meat cache pit) and two small conical pits (possibly egg caches?). No mapping or test pits were made. L2 is southwest of LI just south of the crest of the pass and is a circular house floor whose interior had been cleared of surface rocks. There were no obvious internal structures. I checked for tools or flakes and found none but I think we might be successful excavating here. Inside diameter of the feature is roughly 3-4 meters. It looks like other pits and features may exist in this vicinity. Areal Extent of Site: Very small Raw Materials: None found, except a possible grindstone fragment. Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Exposed beach boulders where vegetation has not grown over the boulders. Section 3: Field Notes 31 Collection Procedure(s): Nothing collected Samples Taken: Nothing collected Photos: Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slide. Surveyed By: Pitsiulak 2003 crew Date Surveyed: 7/31/03 GPS Station: LI = 142, L2 = no GPS reading Remarks: L2: This is likely not a Maritime Archaic structure, at least it is not like the other ones we’ve found here to date, but the site is high enough to be Maritime Archaic. It is circular in shape and not rectangular. The L2 house floor looks interesting as a potential excavation site. It looks similar to the circular structure (L4) at Gros Mecatina-3. Fig. 3.5: Gros Mecatina-2: L2 View to StV Fig. 3.6: Gros Mecatina-2: LI View to NW L3: We also tested the prominent sandy beach terrace just above the shore at the southwest side of the pass, and found it to have a fine sandy deposit just under the sod, but with no evidenceof charcoal, flakes or other disturbance. A distinct pit at the west end of the terrace looked like a house pit two small shovel tests here were sterile. 32 The Gateways Project 2003 Gros Mecatina-3 Borden Number: Ee Br-16 Military Grid Ref.: LI =50 ° 47.367' N 58° 53.434' W L2 = 50° 47.357' N 58° 53.430' W L3 = 50° 47.388' N 58° 53.448' W L4 = 50° 47.725' N 58° 53.058' W Map Ref.: Tabatiere 12 J/15 Culture: LI = Unknown prehistoric (7.35 meters ASL) L2 = Maritime Archaic (9.6 meters ASL) L3 = Unknown pit house (5.25 meters ASL) Site Type/ Seasonality: Caches, boulder walls and floors, rectangular house floors Site Location: On boulder beaches in central portion of the north side of beach pass Fig. 3.7: Gros Mecatina-3: Area 3 View to North pi'f (PI jAV Fig. 3.8: Gros Mecatina-3: LI, View to North Section 3: Field Notes 33 Description of Site: LI is a large oval/irregular shaped walled structure with a recently excavated pit (expansion of a former cache pit?) in the center and a smaller cache in SW corner of structure. Rock walls are 2-3 tiers high, rather irregular in shape, with north end particularly so. We in¬ spected the floor area but found no cultural material. The large pit in the center may be the excavation we heard stories told about (con- Fig.3.9: Gros Mecatina-3: View to West , . . . .. , . , , , taming artifacts) since it is the most prominent recent disturbance on the beach. L2 is a set of two rectangular structures, the western one with two rooms separated by a divider platform. The northern structure (S3) is cocked at an angle towards SI. Another possible structure lies between SI and S2 and may be another room of SI. Several small conical pits lie within and outside of these structures. Areal Extent of Site: About 50m by 20m area on the upper boulder beach terrace just north of the ledge outcrop at the crest of the beach pass. Raw Materials: A portion of a chert biface was found next to a hearth-like structure in the second room (LI/ SI) from the NW end of the site when we re-visited the site in mid-August. Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Exposed boulder beaches and patches of extensive peat and tundra vegetation. Collection Procedure(s): Inspected the surface in a cursory way during our second visit to the site in mid- August. Samples Taken: Biface fragment Photos: Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slides; digital stills Surveyed By: Pitsiulak 2003 crew Date Surveyed: 7/31/03 Remarks: These sites are found in a large basin of raised beaches on the western portion of the second low pass west of the main Gros Mecatina island core. Four cache pits were noted at L4 at the SE end of the beaches. Many of the beaches are exposed, but even more are covered with a thick layer of peat vegeta¬ tion. The vegetated extension of the upper terrace to the west of LI-3 should be looked at carefully for sites below the vegetation. L3 is the lower circular house floor, excavated to the boulders and is very dearly defined. There is excellent potential for future excavation, but with the usual problems of boulder beach sites. L2, on the terrace above LI structure had two or three rectangular house floors are similar to those found at the Pte. Belle Amours and Petite Mecatina-4 Maritime Archaic ‘longhouses’ but these two or three 34 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 3.10: Gros Mecatina-3, L2, Structures 1-3 Sketches floors may be linked into two, or possibly one, dog-leg structure. Warren Hofstra sketched them, as shown above(WF re-sketched in August see “Additional Survey”). The floors of these structures are small cobbles, the upper level of surface rocks have been removed to make the walls. We searched for subsurface finds but saw nothing. Fig. 3.11: Gros Mecatina-3, L2: View of SI to North, S2 in Background, View to NE Section 3: Field Notes 35 Gros Mecatina-3: Additional Survey 8/18/03: \ Fig. 3.12: Gros Mecatina-3: Area Sketch We returned to test this boulder beach site for a couple hours after running down from Harrington Har¬ bor on our return trip at the end of the season. We had not been able to check the floors of the several struc¬ tures found here earlier in the summer, we returned to do a more through survey and to make more useful maps of the houses. Fig. 3.13: Gros Mecatina-3: Area Photo 1<‘Z\ 1 .5sgk-yisjpr. mm LI: This large irregular high-walled structure is still a total mystery, both in terms of its function and age/ culture. It is very large and has several ‘lobes’ and its boulder walls vary in height and thickness, with the western wall being built of 3-5 ‘courses’ of rocks and 0.7 meters high while the northern wall, downslope towards the shore, is only 2-3 ‘courses’. The internal area of the north ‘floor’ is cleared of large beach cobbles and is composed of 10 cm diameter beach stones, while the rest of the ‘floor’ has larger rocks. We excavated down into the northern floor searching for cultural material but found nothing. The large pit (cache pit?) in the center of the structure is probably more recent then the walled structure since there would be no reason to build the structure around it, and it does seem to be an authentic pit, not just a creation of the looters who later enlarged it searching for artifacts (but check further in the future). There is a second smaller pit south of the larger central one, also tampered with in recent years as shown by the stones tossed out with no lichen cover. The floor and walls of the original structure are all well covered with lichen. I can’t imagine how you would build a roof over this whole structure, so perhaps it was not intended as a roofed structure. There are four cache pits in the beach east of the structure, two small cleared circles surrounded by low walls, and two large 2 meter diameter pits that are clearly caches, like the large one inside the walls. 36 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 3.14: Gros Mecatina-3: L1 Map Fig 3.15: Gros Mecatina-3: LI View to North L2: On the next beach level higher we checked the rectangular structures under the ledge backing the beach to the south. There are three cleared floor areas, the two to the west being aligned and in a “dog leg” orientation to the eastern third room. They may all be part of a single extended dwelling structure with elevated (uncleared beach sections) partitions between them. These structures are wider than is usual for most Maritime Archaic longhouses. Earlier in the summer, Warren and Andrew Hofstra had checked a few locations in the room floors for artifacts, and found nothing. I did the same in a couple areas, and south of a ‘hearth’ slab in SI found a chert pre-form fragment. This larger room had a square slab hearth. A similar but less clear square hearth also existed in S2. S3 had a small cache pit near its southern wall. It appears that full excavation might turn up some interesting material here. The hearth features are also unusual and interesting, not seen in other Maritime Archaic related structures. Section 3: Field Notes 37 Petit Mecatina-2 Borden Number: Ed Bt-2 Military Grid Ref.: 50 ° 32.579' N 59° 19.528’ W Map Ref.: Tete a la Baleine 12 J/11 Culture: Maritime Archaic? Tentative Dating: LI = Unknown L2 = 4000 BP? Site Type/ Seasonality: LI = Cache L2 = Rectangular boulder field house foundation Site Location: LI and L2 are on the upper boulder terrace at the east end of the exposed beach closest to the lake outlet. L2 is 100 meters southwest of LI in the middle of the beach. Description of Site: LI is one of several stone mounds on the beach that seemed like they might be burials (ie: large enough). We thought they should be tested since they are at the same beach levels as the Petite Mecatina 1 and 4 sites, and might contain artifacts that have not been found in the living sites. The LI mound had a partial cap of blackberry vegetation and a single flat slab set vertically into the south side of the mound was anomalous in a struc¬ ture otherwise composed of rounded beach rocks. Fig.3.18: Peti Mecatina-2: Working at LI Cache pile, Viewto North Fig. 3.19: Petit Mecatina-2: View of LI Mound to North 38 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 3. 20: Petit Mecatina-2: LI “Maritime Archaic”Mound S'**" i (mt-2) ft s»f\V* *«.' j&rvW* c H ou^ i SPSF?,.- Lg&lc. ltA(L$k*'p dry*- fkraey Fig, 3.21: Petit Mecatina-2: Map of “Maritime Archaic” Mound Area! Extent of Site: 6x8 meters Raw Materials: Beach cobbles Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Berries and peat in patches. Collection Procedure(s): We mapped the mound area, no profiles were taken as nothing was found, and there was no sub-mound pit. No tools, flakes or charcoal was seen. Samples Taken: None Photos: Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slides; digital stills and video Surveyed By: Fitsiulak 2003 crew Date Surveyed: 8/1/03 Remarks: We cleared the vegetation and removed the upper mound rocks, revealing a layer of small fist- sized cobbles. This cobble level extends beneath the big surface rocks in other areas of the beach, and had not been disturbed. There was no sub-mound pit, unfortunately we have to write off what seemed like a good prospect for a Maritime Archaic burial site on the Lower North Shore. Fig. 3.22: Petit Mecatina-2: L1 Post Excavation View to North Section 3: Field Notes 39 The L2 rectangular structures are located in the middle of the open boulder beach about 100 meters southwest of LI mound in a swale and perhaps 6-10 feet lower elevation than the LI location. A cleared area in the beach was evident from the smaller stones uncovered by removal of the larger surface rocks. We mapped the general outline of the structure and excavated the top two levels of rocks, finding them underlain by much larger rocks all apparently in situ in the beach. Nothing at all was found, no artifacts, flakes or even a single fire cracked rock. Some of the wall rocks had fallen into the interior, but a few rocks seemed to be placed inside, some as part of dividers. Clearly this structure follows the form of the Lower North Shore Maritime Archaic dwellings, and conforms also to their impoverished condition. Fig. 3.23: Petit Mecatina-2: View of L2 Rectangular Structure to SE Fig. 3.24: Petit Mecatina-2: L2 Rectangular Structure Map FM-2. && MtceJifya -4. C&ft'ik-ts it*.i«. if. ifsr&y 40 The Gateways Project 2003 Bayfield Harbor-1 Borden Number: Eh Bo-17 Height A.S.L.: ca. 22.9 meters ASL Military Grid Ref.: 51° 12.60'N 58° 21.80'E Culture: Unknown Tentative Dating: Unknown Site Type/ Seasonality: Stone structure and cache pit Site Location: This site is on a rocky knoii at the NE end of Bayfield Harbor on the north side of the run. The site is just east of the crest of the hill facing a bog marsh. A small cache pit is located about 20-30 meters to the SE. Nicholas Shattler had reported this site from information provided by someone living here. Description of Site: This site consists of a bi-Iobed, figure eight shape with a 1.5 x 2.0 meter dimensions for the larger, lower, northern “room”. A smaller circular 1 -meter diameter “room” is connected to the lower room with an internal divider of boulders. The walls of the structure are distinct and 1-2 rocks high, rein¬ forced on the outside especially on the downhill side north of north room. The “floor” of the south room is bowl shaped and too small for occupancy, but is not deep enough to be a cache. The north room is larger and has a relatively flat floor, which includes a few flat pavement-like stones. The other rocks in the struc¬ ture are rounded beach rocks. It is difficult to say if any of the internal rocks are features. Fig. 3.26: Bayfield Harbor-1: Trowel Testing the Feature Fig. 3.25: Bayfield Harbor-1: View to North, Cabin in Background Raw Materials: One flake of hard slate-like rock with a striking platform, a polished surface (or cortex?). It is very surely a flake and is not natural. This came from the NW edge of the lower room. Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Birch and Labrador tea, moss, etc. The site may have been disturbed in the recent past, as suggested by the green feather moss, which colonizes open soil, in the middle of the floor. Collection Procedure(s): We trowel-tested the northern area of the north room and a smaller central area in the south room. Section 3: Field Notes 41 Samples Taken: One flake of slate-like rock with polished (?) surface. Photos : Black and white polaroids and 35mm color slides Surveyed By: Pitsiulak 2003 crew with Nick Shattler Date Surveyed: August 19, 2003 Remarks: This is an unusual site form and an unusual location high on a hill. If it is early Maritime Archaic it would have been a small conical island. I’ve never seen a room and cache combination like this before. We should return to excavate fully. 42 The Gateways Project 2003 L’Anse du Portaqe-1 Borden Number: Eh Bn-4 Height A.S.L.: 9.1 meters approximately Military Grid Ref.: 51° 14.50' N 58° 17.00’ E Map Ref.: Bayfield 12-0/1 Culture: Historic? Tentative Dating: Unknown Site Type/ Seasonality: Local report of human skeleton recovered from rocks near shore. Site Location: South of the seasonal outpost of L’Anse du Portage, along the outer shore of Jacques Cartier Bay, in a narrow crevice a few metes south of a cairn. Fig. 3.28: LAnse du Portage-1: Area Photo Description of Site: Nicholas Shattler of St. Au¬ gustine offered to spend some time with us, show¬ ing us some old places. On August 20,2003, we visited L’Anse du portage and he showed us where some human bones and an Inuit stone lamp were reported found by Kenneth Maurice about 40 years ago in a rock crevice near the shore south of the settlement. Raw Materials: Nothing found Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Rocks, small water basin, possible burial in rocks Collection Procedure(s): None Samples Taken: None Photos : Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slides and digital stills Surveyed By: Pitsiluak 2003 crew and Nick Shattler Date Surveyed: August 20, 2003 Section 3: Field Notes 43 Remarks: Human bones were found by K. Maurice just east of a large rock at the west end of a crevice/ eroded dike in the bedrock 40 years ago. Bones were collected but then were deposited in a crevice in the hillside across from the original find, because the finders were superstitious. From the find location these most likely would have been infant bones, but a soapstone lamp (‘lantern’) was also reportedly found a few meters away in a shallow water basin on the other side (west) of the rock from the skeleton. This ‘lantern’ (looking like an egg with the yoke scooped out according to K. Maurice) was later given to a Mr. Stiles who was collecting in the area (This should be Stiles from Museum of the American Indian / Heye Foundation, NYC). We found no further evidence of a burial structure in the crevice or nearby, or artifacts, nor did we find any in the caves in the hill to the south. There is no potential for further work here. 44 The Gateways Project 2003 UAnse du Portaqe-2 Borden Number: Eh Bn-5 Height A.S.L.: Not measured but about 15.2 meters by GPS Military Grid Ref.: 51 ° 13.949’ N 58° 17.082' W Map Ref.: Bayfield 12-0/1 Culture: Unknown Tentative Dating: Unknown Site Type/ Seasonality: Boulder pits Site Location: Southeast of the L’Anse du Portage settlement area, about half a kilometer, on the south side of a small pass through the hills to the outer coast. Description of Site: This site is in a small boulder beach on the west side of the pass. Two prominent pits in the upper boulder beach and 3-4 smaller 1-meter pits a few meters lower. The upper pits were linked or adjoining somewhat like the Bayfield site structure, but the latter had a flat floor and these are real pits. The larger (lower) one had been dug into and had green moss on the sandy bottom and cobbles with no lichen growth outside. There were no level areas for habitation sites nearby with boulder beaches. Fig. 3.30: L’Anse du Portage-2: Boulder Beach, View to Northeast Areal Extent of Site: 20 x 20 meters or so Raw Materials: None collected Nature of Soils/Sediments/Vegetation Cover: Boulder beach with some sand in the bottoms of the two pits that have been excavated slightly by local people who see these features as burials. Sometimes young boys excavate them, says Nick Shattler, but then get nervous about encountering human remains. Collection Procedure(s): No excavation done Samples Taken: None Section 3: Field Notes 45 Photos : Black and white polaroids; 35 mm color slides and digital stills Surveyed By: Pitsiluak 2003 crew and Nick Shattler Date Surveyed: August 20, 2003 Remarks: We looked for signs of cultural material in the disturbed pits but found none. It seems likely these two large features and the smaller ones associated with them are caches for seal, fish, birds or eggs. There is a possibility for further excavation work here. Fig. 3.31: L’Anse du Portage-2: Area Sketch 46 The Gateways Project 2003 L?Anse du Portaqe-3 Borden Number: Eh Bn-6 Height A.S.L.: 10.4 meters GPS (roughly) Military Grid Ref.: 51° 14.208'N 58° 17.257'W Map Ref.: Bayfield 12-0/1 Culture: Possibly Dorset Tentative Dating: caSOOAD? Site Type/ Seasonality: Find location, no further identification Site Location: Nick Shattler and I found a single chert biface and a flake of the same chert in an eroded spot in a path west of the settlement area, SW of a small marshy cove that once had been a tiny cove. Description of Site: The shore team tested in the path and in a few surrounding areas (test pits 25 x 25 cm) but found no further chert or other cultural materials. In the path and nearby are a few small rocks that seem to be parts of a feature or structure, but the absence of flakes or charcoal was frustrating. The artifact and dark chert looked Dorset-like and resembled Newfoundland chert. I tested very briefly the front edge of the terrace lower to the east but saw nothing. Fig. 3.32: L’Anse du Portage-3: Testing the Find Location (Jacque Cartier Bay in background) Areal Extent of Site: 1 meter so far. Raw Materials: Dark Newfoundland-like chert. Nature of Soils/SedimentsA/egetation Cover: Blackberry, Labrador teas and moss. Everything is in situ except for a 20 x 20 cm eroded area in the path. Collection Procedure(s): Troweled the find area 50 x 50 cm and dug a few 25 x 25 shovel tests nearby. Nothing was found. Very strange. There must be a Dorset site here somewhere. Photos : Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slides and digital stills Surveyed By: Pitsiluak 2003 crew and Nick Shattler Date Surveyed: August 20, 2003 Section 3: Field Notes 47 Remarks: L’Anse du Portage is the most prominent habitation area in the mouth of Jacques Cartier Bay and is used by many people today for subsistence fishing and sealing. 12-15 houses now stand in the camp area facing the NW side of the beach. This area should be tested extensively, as there must be a more substantial site somewhere in the vicinity immediately or in the L’Anse du Potage area. Fig. 3.33: L’Anse du Portage-3: Area Sketch 48 The Gateways Project 2003 Seal Net Point-2 Borden Number: Ec Bw-2 Military Grid Ref.: 50° 20.177’ N 59° 48.725' E Map Ref.: Etamamiou 12 J 5/6 Culture: Groswater (7.71 meters ASL) Dorset (5.00 meters ASL) Tentative Dating: Groswater is about 2200 B.P. Dorset is about 2000 B.P. Site Type/ Seasonality: Small camps Site Location: South above the small ponds on the south side of Seal Net Point peninsula, and south of the cement house foundation. Area 2 is about 30 meters south of the original find. Description of Site: Area 3 is east of Area 2 and about 25 meters away at a slightly lower elevation. In 2001 we found a single chert biface in a peat blowout behind a ledge overlooking the southern cove of the Seal Net peninsula. We could not find a real site then and so we returned to try and locate it. I found a few chert flakes in a bedrock depression and tested some rock alignments in the sod nearby and found in situ material, leading to the areal elevation. Testing widely in surrounding areas, I found flakes of ‘Groswater’ chert in the mossy area to the north of Area 1, which became Area 2. Fig. 3.34: Seal Net Point-2: Area 2 and Area 3. Areal Extent of Site: Thin scatter 100 x 100 meters Raw Materials: Various cherts, including Port au Port cherts and others as well as 2 artifacts of Ramah chert. Nature of Soils/Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Thin cover of blackberries and dwarf birch, over peat, over sand. Collection Procedure(s): Excavated Section 3: Field Notes 49 Samples Taken: Small charcoal samples from areas 1 and 2 for AMS dating (Beta 182960). Photos: Black and white polaroids; 35mm color slides and digital stills Surveyed By: Pitsiulak 2003 crew and Christine Vatcher Date Surveyed: August 12-13, 2003 5??T jlirV iff SikUflJcj i. ?• " 11 • ;• : tf ii, l' .; . " *i n. n U* i‘ ft' u •j ti )l • u fT- ^rt xi f 41 V ” • ; l! iVcrCwuV.ntf# k 1; . i&Taw '' r*l» pr i; i7.juh cW^v^WJ I ^ -kn/ixmx to/Tii VHflC&r.. Iffyt f;+0 (&) Qy.b tvJrcxU cvhxiwe. /Iffetfitc-Z ™w^‘ TW« w W $ [ cWt 1* f f«x Fig. 3.35: Seal Net Point-2: Areas 2 and 3 Map with Artifact List 50 The Gateways Project 2003 Remarks: The Area 2 trench dug on 8/12/03 had large rocks on a gravel bed, set into peat. The artifacts were in the lower peat and upper black sandy midden soil. We found mostly brown southwest Newfoundland cherts, and a few microblades. On 8/13/03 we returned and excavated four 1 x 1 meter squares to the east of the earlier trench, and found three concentrations of tiny re-sharpened flakes, and several tools, most notably a fine flared/ eared end scraper. Area 2 should be excavated more in the future. Fig. 3.36: Seal Net Point-2: Area 2 Excavation, View to East Fig. 3.37: Seal Net Point-2: Area 2 at 110°. The 8/12/03, Area 3 trench was 50 cm wide plus Lena’s 1 x 1 meter square and had some small clusters of re-sharpened flakes. The 8/13/03 trench expanded the lower end (east) to the north. A large burin-like tool spall with grinding on three sides was found by Anja Herzog. A BLT base from 8/12/03 and some other pieces, plus the microblades are clear evidence of a Groswater site, charcoal samples for dating were taken. If excavated, Area 3 could probably yield more. In total seven types of chert were found, including brown, grey-blue, tan , dark etc. Section 3: Field Notes 51 ,fk Ife* - • = C Mft PT-* i (3 .r«^. cWw'^o'vl pnA&W -$£.}> eke.A \r\ areoA % & C. "rWV&b only ?c«a7 \w 2)[a.tK Vumui $ fooV layer Jo*. WlwX |$c — $£;c>£i(A^{ok of- AJfcS^i «.tViF«.tSrr) d.bW'^A'-^ - A' Pi -S/h'! 52 The Gateways Project 2003 Radiocarbon Date Seal Net Point-2: Area 2 Conventional Radiocarbon Age 2500 +/- 40 BP Sample: 2003-3 (Charcoal) Analysis: AMS-Standard delivery Material/ Pretreatment: (Charred Material): acid/alkali/acid 2 Sigma Calibration: Cal BC 790 to 420 (Cal BP 2740-2370) Measured 13C/12C Sample Data Radiocarbon Age Ratio Sample number: Beta-182960 2510 +/- 40 BP -25.7 o/oo Testing done by: Beta Analytic INC. Dr. M.A. Tamers and Mr. D.G. Hood 4985 S.W. 74th Court Miami, Florida 33155 305-667-5167 http://www.radiocarbon.com Section 3: Field Notes 53 R a ti to ^ ir li n i* a o 2 i C -P i CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (V uriab lcs: C 13/C 12“-2 5.7 :lab. ni ult- I) I ,u I hi rat ii ry itiimlj^r: 15«( ji -1 X 2 9 6 0 C on vc ni Lon «I rad to curb on age: 2 5(M}±40 BP 2 Sigma t: ulili raled rtxnH: Cal liC 7011 J.o 420 11 I1 2740 In 2370) (95% probability) Intercept data llllCj CepLM Itf I'Lld it) CS I'lu’l II atjL- with calibration cuivc: Cal BC 7fi0 (Cal HI* 27 10) and Cal UC 620 (Cal J3P 25CO) and Cal BC 590 (Cal Bl* 2 54 0) 1 Sigma citlibrsilctl rssull*: Cal UC 7«0 U> 740 (fill UP 2730 to 2690) and (68% probnbility) Cul BC 710 to 530 (Cal BP 266Q to 2480) 25001*0 LU' fjfcarrsd material Re fcrcnccs: Du isk& X K U*Cti/ Cult hrulit/N V h a .f s? iSrfhortet Comment SttfiVfr, \f . v/tft (iur Pfit.hi. ft., Radutanrhan 40(\}. pub-iit \ /.-V TC A t.4ft ft aJinrerh/m Ag* C.ullhruiinn iV (u i vet , A/.. 4*/. ul., / 0 V Rutf iacur f/v/t 40 (Ji, ;>tU41 •JOHJ A/ aill cm t£ iic A A SM pStfifd Apprv*{h t<» Culihr* iin% C / / Detm T<>b: fclT. Mlpil. I'lATl/n ini'! ti.iA * lei: (tfl S'/ 6 ti? M61 09tU • F.-Sfml: bn la fa r adult- nrb li it .<■ ,> m Fig. 3.41: Seal Net Point-2: Radiocarbon Calibration Graph 54 The Gateways Project 2003 Petit Mecatina-3, Hare Harbor-1: Basque Site Borden Number: Ed Bt-3 Height ASL: ca. 9.14 meters Military Grid Ref. 50° 3373'N 59° 18.12'W Culture: Basque Tentative Dating: ca 1600 Areal Extent of Site: The entire area from the stone outcrop shelter to the southern ledge to the shore contains cultural materials. Nature of Soils/ Sediments/ Vegetation Cover: Grassy, alders, and some juniper under the dry areas of the shelter, there is a drainage through the central area of the site into the cove. Large amounts of water cascade from the cliff during heavy rains and have beaten a drip line into the vegetation along the shelter edge. Collection Procedure: Controlled excavation-piece-plotted except for small pieces of tile. Samples Taken: Yes, now located at Laval University, Quebec for analysis, preservation, and cataloging by Anja Herzog. Excavated By: Pitsiulak 2003 Crew, as well as Helen Morency, Georgie Maurice, Wilson Evans, and Christine Vatcher Date Excavated: August 2003 Section 3: Field Notes 55 Fig. 3.43: Hare Harbor-1: View to the Northwest, Early Stage of Excavation. Excavation in the early stage, expanding the 2002 T trench after clearing the backfill. The tarp laid down before backfilling was a real success in preserving the results from 2002 without a disturbance. Fig. 3.44: Hare Harbor-1 View to the Northwest Expanding into the second tier of squares outside the T trench. By this time we also lengthened the North-South axis two meters more to the south. Fig. 3.45: Hare Harbor-1: View to North of Paved Boundary These are the 6 east squares showing the boundary between the paved floor and the area to the east, dominated by tiles that had been crushed by walking on them. The tile level continues into unexcavated squares to the east and excavated squares to the south, but notin 2N/4E. Fig. 3.46: Hare Harbor-1: 5S/2E View to the North A large boulder west of a fire pit surrounded by a tile dump and charcoal stained/ lump charcoal in a black soil matrix. Tiles continued right over the top of the boulder beneath the sod layer. Large amounts of tiles were found in black soil and especially large pieces in contact with the boulder. 56 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 3.47: Hare Harbour-1:2 South Line, View to East An iron spike was found beneath tile and a floor-paving slab. A fair number of spikes were found below paving rocks. Pave¬ ment in this structure is not complete or systematic and is very roughly laid. Only in Warren’s square along the 2 North line was there fairly regular and level paving. Many large rounded or high rocks are found resting on the paving slabs, in an apparent or¬ der. Perhaps this was done when leaving the site for the last time, covering the floor with canvas and rocking it down. Fig. 3.48: Hare Harbor-1: View to the East 8/8/03 With Larry Ransom and Friend Larry Ransom and a buddy visited the site and are here looking at the SE corner where a dense concentration of roof tiles is seen in the east wall of Anja’s square (5S/4E). Most of the tiles are small fragments that seem to have been walked on. A lot of charcoal is mixed into the soil and tiles here. The pit in the foreground seems to have been a hearth, and is surrounded by larger rocks which are fire- cracked and which may have been the source of the char¬ coal found in the surrounding deposits. Fig. 3.49: Hare Harbor-1:8/10/03 View to the North By this time the excavation has reached the limit of the paved area of the site and has extended into the pe¬ ripheral areas where the land has been filled with soil, charcoal and broken tile. The larger boulder west of the hearth pit is conspicuous and had a covering of large fragments of broken tiles. Cristie Boone and Lena Sharp are working on the lower area of the structure towards the cove, beyond the paved area. Helen Morency, Georgie Maurice, Christie Leece, Wilson Evans and Christine Vatcher are working the north¬ ern margin where there is a rock feature outside the paved area, which may be a hearth. Section 3: Field Notes 57 Fig. 3.50: Hare Harbor-1:4 South/5 South//4 East ( North is towards the top right corner) \J\le cleared down to a carefully paved floor about 30 cm below the rough upper pavement, and were surprised to see this, since it seemed like this was a hearth deposit. Some large rocks had fallen onto the pavement along the west side (three blocks) and in the southeast corner of the square. When I removed these to clear the area, I found the slabs going beneath them. Fig. 3.51: Hare Harbor-1: Pavement Along 3 East Line. The pavement extended west of the 3 East line to the large boulder, and a large number of grey stoneware sherds were found in the fill just above the pavement, which also included some large cobbles (indicated by check mark). There were also a number of nails found directly on the pavement, two of which had rusted hard onto the paving stones (indicated by an ‘X’). Perhaps this construction was a cache left at the time the Basque departed (see map below for paving slabs)? Unto; «*-vi ~ c,rat pad**) o n Lf i *«u aWt - 3? V.5. / plow «*l a rylcf rotkfiVt, 'flu* lo+et ic**, % SJodVltht- Z VA\W.i H-sslW ''Ik*** V' t|ocX fW<;—) Hi* tff (-Hi r Fig. 3.52: Hare Harbor-1:4-5 S/4 E: Map 2 $ tvali Ibttt js »*(«*• k> %»». «f \r- f*’’* y "“C- Mr au, /J 1L p<*y. p’.w, :: ■-'■ FFMPfH a ■ ;«{l SIS: ,...'■ Fig. 4.27: Hare Harbor-1: Test pit 7, 3 earthenware shards, 1 green glaze ceramic Fig. 4.28: Hare Harbor-1: 2S6E, 3 earthenware shards (one small one with puncate decor) Section 4: Field Photographs 77 Fig. 4.29: Hare Harbor-1: 1N5E Green and red glazed earthenware, thin frosted glass, grooved strap handle, 2 pieces green bottle glass Fig. 4.30: Hare Harbor-1: Assortment, bottle top, pottery handle, flattened musket ball, round ball (lead, pyrites?), pipe stems (decorated), pipe bowl 78 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 4.31: Hare Harbor-1: Test pit 7, 3 pieces plain earthenware Fig. 4.32: Hare Harbor-1 :Test pit 6, 4 flint blocks Section 4: Field Photographs 79 Fig. 4.33: Hare Harbor-1: 5S5E Iron rudder pintle Fig. 4.34: Hare Harbor-1: Stoneware pot shoulder and rim 80 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 4.35: Hare Harbor-1: 4S4E, Pipe stem, stoneware, blue-green bottle base Fig. 4.36: Hare Harbor-1: 4S1E, Lead sheets, 4 pieces thin frosted glass Section 4: Field Photographs 81 plainware Fig. 4.38: Hare Harbor-1: 1N1E, Scored whetstone, 1 clear rolled edge glass 82 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig.4.39: Hare Harbor-1: 1N1E, Green bottle glass bottom, earthenware fragment, fragment with decorative motif Fig. 4.40: Hare Harbor-1: 1N1E, Pottery decorations Section 4: Field Photographs 83 Fig. 4.41: Hare Harbor-1: Beads, photo courtesy of Jean-Francois Moreau Fig. 4.42: Hare Harbor-1: Underwater collection. 84 The Gateways Project 2003 Section 4: Field Photographs 85 Fig. 4.45: Hare Harbor-1: Perry Col borne and Wilson Evans diving in the bay. 86 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 4.47: Hare Harbor-1: 2003 Crew team #1 (Left to Right) Will Richard, Lena Sharp, Cristie Boone, Anja Herzog, Warren Hofstra, Andrew Hofstra, Christie Leece Fig. 4.43: Hare Harbor-1: 2003 Crew team #2 (top): Lena Sharp, (Left to Right): Cristie Boone, Anja Herzog,Helen Morency, Christie Leece, Will Richard, Christine Matcher, Wilson Evans (bottom): Georgianna Maurice Section 4: Field Photographs 87 Fig. 4.49: Harrington Harbor: Christie Leece explaining Hare Harbor-1 artifacts to Harrington Harbor residents at town hall information session. Fig. 4.50: Hare Harbor-1: Lena Sharp and Perry Colbourne weighing roof tiles. 88 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 4.51: Petit Mecatina-2: Boulder field, view north. Fig. 4.52: Gros Mecatina: North shore, view south with fallen fishing cabin in center view. Section 4: Field Photographs 89 Fig. 4.53: Gros Mecatina-3: LI, Andrew Hofstra for scale, view NE. Fig. 4.54: Gros Mecatina-3: L3, Lena Sharp for scale. 90 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 4.55: Gros Mecatina-3: LI, Cache pit in centre view NE. Section 4: Field Photographs 91 Section 5 Artifact Inventories by Square Excavator Christie Leece Wilson/ Georg ie/Lena ChristineVatcher Helen Morency Georgie Maurice Christie Leece Christie Leece Petit Mecatina-3: (Hare Harbor-1) Artifact inventories by Square Square Finds 2N3E 1 mica sample, 2 charcoal samples, 1 baleen, 11 iron nails, 4 iron, 1 flint, 1 green and red glaze ceramic, 1 white glaze ceramic, 1 lead (musket?) ball, 1 grindstone?, 1 glass, 4 earthenware (possible plate or pot base) 2N4E Several glaze fragments (white and blue), 1 blue-green bottle glass, 2 thin green glass, 1 green bottle glass, 1 pipe stem, 2 coarseware, 2 charcoal samples, 1 baleen, 16 iron nails 2N5E 1 T/D pipe bowl (19m cen.), 1 green bottle glass, 1 blue-green glass, 1 green glazed earthenware shard, 1 bone fragment, 4 faience fragment with blue/white decoration, glaze spalls, 1 iron nail, 2 nail fragments, 1 charcoal sample 1N1E 1 iron spike, 1 flat iron, 2 bent iron nails, 18 iron, 1 pyrite?, 4 whale bone, 1 charcoal, 2 mica, several blue/white glaze, 2 baleen, 1 green bottle base, 1 flat blue-green glass, 1 quartz, 5 flint, 1 thin frosted glass, 2 green/white glaze, 6 sandstone, 1 decorated earthenware, 18 plain earthenware 1N2E 39 iron nails/ fragments, 1 iron “tube”, 2 plain pipe stems, 1 charcoal sample, 1 mica sample, 1 baleen, 1 hemp rope?, 1 quartz, 1 clear glass with folded rim, 1 rock with grindstone markings, 2 possible grindstones, 1 wood/baleen?, 7 earthenware (1 decorated), y2 red bead 1N3E 42 nails, 2 flat iron pieces, soil sample, 2 green glass, 1 light blue glass, 1 flint, 3 pipe stems, 2 lead balls, 3 frosted glass, whetstone, 1 stoneware, 1 ceramic handle with 2 refit shards, 1 mica, 1 charcoal sample, 2 glaze fragments, 1 iron spear, 1 glazed potsherd, 1 light blue bead (2 fragments), 1 pipe bowl 1N5E 28 iron, 1 flint, 13 green bottle glass, 1 frosted glass, 1 thin clear glass, 1 strap handle, 1 glazed earthenware, 1 decorated earthenware, 3 “glazed” potshards, 1 rock/ ceramic?, 1 mica sample, 1 charcoal sample Section 5: Artifact Inventories 93 Anja Herzog 1N6E 1 charcoal sample, light blue glaze fragments, 5 green bottle glass, 3 yellow glaze earthenware, 1 earthenware rim, 1 flint, 1 ceramic?, 8 iron nails, 2 iron fragments Cristie Boone ONOE 24 earthenware, 7 flint, 2 blue-green glass, 1 clear glass, 1 thin frosted glass, 3 blue/white glaze, 1 charcoal sample, 20 iron nails, 6 iron fragments Will Richard ONI E 1 charcoal sample, 1 mica sample, 16 nails, 2 flat iron, 4 small iron, 1 pipe stem, multiple small faience, 1 earthenware, 1 white shard, 1 green glass, 1 bottle glass green, 8 blue-green bottle glass, 1 rolled bottle top green glass, 2 flint WII Richard 0N2E 5 iron nails, 4 iron fragments, 2 whale bone, 1 Inuit soapstone pot fragment, 2 charcoal samples, 3 light blue glass, 1 pipe stem, 4 stone wear, 4 white faience (1 base), 6 plain earthenware Christie Leece 0N3E 1 green glaze ceramic, 1 light blue glass, 1 pipe stem, 16 grey stoneware, 2 grey stoneware rims, 1 iron bar, 12 iron spikes, 5 iron nails, 1 iron fragment, 1 blue bead Warren Hofstra 0N5E 13 iron, 4 earthenware, 1 stoneware, 5 thick green bottle glass, 1 bone/graphite?, 1 mica, 1 charcoal sample Warren Hofstra 0N6E 10 iron, 1 charcoal sample, 1 pipe stem, 1 tile, 1 earthenware rim, 1 stoneware, 1 light blue-green bottle glass, 2 pieces green bottle glass, 1 flat green glass Lena Sharp 1S1W 1 lead weight, 12 nails, 1 nail head, 3 nail fragments, charcoal sample from next to baleen, 1 red ochre sample, 1 frosted glass, 14 ceramic pieces with white and blue glaze, 3 flint, 2 earthenware, baleen, 1 square flat iron piece, 1 iron chunk. Cristie Boone 1S0E 25 iron nails, 11 plain pottery, 8 flint, 1 ceramic?, flint cortex?, 1 pottery strap handle Cristie Boone 1S1E 18 iron (nails), 3 light blue glass, 1 flint, 1 pipe stem, 9 earthenware (1 base), 1 grey stoneware, 1 green glazed decorated ceramic, 1 lead fishing weight?, 1 charcoal sample Cristie Boone 1S2E 16 iron nails, 4 plain pottery (1 rim), 5 grey stoneware, 4 blue- green bottle glass, 1 flat green glass (not in bag), 1 white seed bead, 1 plain pipe stem, 1 twisted pipe stem Christie Leece 1S3E 3 iron spikes, 13 iron nails, 3 blue-green glass, 5 yellow-green glass, 1 black bead, 1 black and white bead, 3 stoneware, 1 frosted glass, 1 white glazed ceramic, 1 flint 94 The Gateways Project 2003 Bill Fitzhugh 1S3E 1 grey stoneware strap handle, 1 iron/ rust fragment Floor collection (below paving stones) Andrew Flofstra 1S5E 1 charcoal sample, 12 stoneware fragments, 1 possible grindstone, 2 pottery sherds, 1 flint, 1 pipe stem, 2 green bottle glass shards, 11 iron nail fragments Andrew Hofstra 1S6E 8 iron nails, 5 iron fragments, 1 iron strap, 1 pipe stem, 1 blue- green bottle glass, 1 green glass, 1 stoneware, 3 earthenware pot shards, 1 charcoal sample Lena Sharp 2S0E 3 spikes, 4 nails, 2 iron pellets, 1 charcoal sample, 1 grindstone?, 4 flint, 2 earthenware, 1 blue glass, 1 lead pellet Lena Sharp 2S1E 8 nails, 1 flat iron, 2 mica, 2 earthenware, 1 pipe stem, 1 green glass Lena Sharp 2S2E 1 iron spike, 28 nails, 1 charcoal sample, 1 ceramic glaze, 1 mica, 2 blue green glass, 14 pieces of earthenware, 1 plain pipe stem, 2 nail fragment Lena Sharp 2S3E 6 iron nails, 8 stone ware, 1 faience shard (shattered), 2 blue - green glass, 1 green glass Bill Fitzhugh 2S4E Floor 4 iron nails, 1 iron fragment, 1 blue-green glass, 1 green-yellow collection glass, 1 grey stoneware fragment, 2 earthenware Anja Herzog 2S5E 17 iron nails, 1 iron spike, 14 corroded iron fragments, 1 flat iron, 1 green bottle glass, 4 glaze (white, green spots, blue/ white), 1 mica, 1 flint, 2 blue-green bottle glass, 2 thin green glass, 4 ceramic?, 1 corrosion/wood, 1 flat rock, 2 earthenware Anja Herzog 2S6E 7 iron nails, 10 iron fragments, 1 blue-green bottle glass, 1 green bottle glass, 8 ceramic shards, 5 earthenware shards, 1 Saint- Onge(?) ceramic shard, 1 ceramic shard with green glaze Bill Fitzhugh 4S1E 1 charcoal sample, 1 iron spike, 4 iron nails, 2 iron fragments, 2 lead sprue, 5 frosted glass, 1 grindstone, 2 earthenware shards, 4 flint, 1 blue green glass, 1 lead ball Bill Fitzhugh 4S2E 1 thin green-yellow glass, 1 flat iron fragment, 1 clenched nail Will Richard 4S3E “Dimension” wood Section 5: Artifact Inventories 95 Bill Fitzhugh 4S4E 25 iron nails, 2 iron spikes, 1 iron fragment, 1 iron hinge?, 2 tan ceramics, 1 pipe stem, 1 brown ceramic strap?, 1 thin glass shard, 1 clear glass shard, 1 blue-green glass shard, 1 tan stone chip, 39 grey stoneware fragments, 1 charcoal sample Anja Herzog 4S5E 1 ceramic shard?, 1 bone fragment, 1 piece of wood, 1 nail, 1 nail stem, 1 iron knife fragment Anja Herzog 4S6E 1 iron nail Will Richard 5S1E 1 iron spike, 4 clenched nails, 5 iron nails, 1 iron slag? Bill Fitzhugh 5S2E 2 pipe stems, 2 pieces mica, 2 stoneware shards, 1 soapstone sample, 1 membrane sample, 1 iron spike, 12 iron nails WII Richard 5S3E 8 iron, 1 earthenware, 1 stoneware rim shard Bill Fitzhugh 5S4E 1 piece of wood, 2 stoneware shards, 1 flint flake, 17 nail fragments, 1 iron spike Anja Herzog 5S5E 1 Iron rudder pintle, 7 iron nails, 5 iron fragments, 1 quartz chunk, 6 ceramic shards, 1 faience without glaze, 1 blue-green glass, 1 wood/ tusk/ bone?, 1 bone fragment, 1 blue-green glass (not in bag), 1 charcoal sample Will Richard 6S2E 1 flat green glass shard, 1 clenched nail, 1 iron knife blade?, 9 iron nails WII Richard 6S3E 38 Iron spikes, 1 iron piece, 1 iron nail, 1 pipe bowl, 1 flint, 2 mussel shells, 1 lead sprue, 1 charcoal sample, 1 soil sample Bill Fitzhugh 6S4E Bone fragments, baleen fragment, 15 iron nails, 2 iron spikes, 6 iron sheet fragments, possible grindstone, 1 earthenware shard Lena Sharp Test pit 5 3 iron pieces, 2 flint, 1 grey stoneware, 1 orange glaze ceramic, 1 pipe bowl Anja Herzog Test pit 6 6 iron nails, 1 sample of wood fragment, 6 earthenware, 10 flint pieces, 1 blue-green glass Christie Leece Test pit 7 1 green glaze French earthenware, 3 earthenware rim shards, 2 flint, 2 iron nails Wlson Evans Underwater collection 1 earthenware rim and handle (handle with vertical groves) with decoration, 1 earthenware jug with handle and small neck (missing bottom), 2 pieces of wood, 1 whale bone, 2 roof tiles, 1 glazed earthenware rim fragment, with handle strap fragment, 1 brown glass bottle, 1 glazed ceramic fragment No Provenience 2 glazed tile fragments, 2 large roof tiles 96 The Gateways Project 2003 Seal Net Point-2 Area Flakes and Samples Artifacts Area 3, Unit 1 1 charcoal sample 1 bag flakes 1 fire cracked rock sample 1 shaped side point 1 microblade 1 side notched biface base 1 asymmetrical biface tip Area3, Unit 2 Red ochre, charcoal 1 bag miscellaneous flakes 1 bag green grey chert flakes 1 bag freckled chert flakes 1 bag “milky” chert flakes 1 bag quartz flakes 1 bag grey chert flakes 1 bag striped chert flakes 1 bag Port au Port chert flakes 3 chert microblades 1 burin spall 7 quartz microblades/ flakes 1 chert core fragment 1 chert biface fragment 1 core fragment? 1 chert microblade core fragment Area 2 3 bags flakes 1 circular side blade 1 bag charcoal 1 BIT base 1 bag surface collection 1 utilized flake 1 asymmetric knife tip 2 worked quartz chunks 1 chert end scraper 5 chert ridge flakes 30 microblades (2 Ramah chert) Section 5: Artifact Inventories 97 Section 6 Artifact Tracings by Square (Scale is aprox. 50% original size) Section 6: Artifact Traces 99 C O |i 1 '^) fW\<> 1 W\ , q5|5E WIe*1 ! H*fL WwW (Ufii'F) asfotlZs#} il / J^-fT*** V4^U- jf**' 4Wi i- 0> -c^>- v- C^} j^^***) r. 5W«^frf J £L*b . Fig. 6.3: Hare Harbor-1, 4S5E & 2S5E ' .# Fig.6.4: Hare Harbor-1, 0N5E (# 1-7 +14) 100 The Gateways Project 2003 H M -1 afisB IU 5, r> 3 Fig. 6.5: Hare Harbor-1, 0N5E (# 8-19) Fig. 6.6: Hare Harbor-1, 1N5E (# 1-25) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 101 Fig. 6.8: Hare Harbor-1, 6S4E & 2N5E 102 The Gateways Project 2003 " ^ -^atf* V« 0; -*■"* — VjiiSaxiSlt^ *3$ £ C j. <* rr'v t -fcT ftf S*^- '■''■*£*, - ■- j' s’ «,#> ^3< « *f~(£^SK-» <«•-*« (S-V-- i ^ ^ e*- !- T , ^r'«5>»*^'» " " «• <• . -*?- * * •'Piiisdw" c ♦ * W «<•>*» *Mwsjr *•& •» * **s,$? •a Ip - |— ...^ Fig. 6.9: Hare Harbor-1, 5S4E |4 M -4 F/g. 6.10: Hare Harbor-1, 4S4E (#30-49) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 103 f H H •>3*T > 1 . *-* SST ^ ^ 3 ^' i I -V Fig. 6.14: Hare Harbor-1, 4S3E& 5S3E Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 105 Fig. 6.15: Hare Harbor-1, 2S3E jfr :.J IrJ?., — -jutLi._ . *&■ ’* . C«^ggf-r~g fr-a^.V -- ! a -X -4£L*i: . -I\ 2.. uk> IX | “isS. * . 3- 5I» -» 1 r-O*-** £»v_ifeffc . I ^ - / ._£_JS . 4.__ ,„ fy - &£i&S\ CZJL&2jL£*££?-.~Z_jEs&acA-luA <_ f.fer 1 '~-&*ar —„ „ _ £^--lrn>;_> axvX ■H ~~ ’fca*S**tf'v*.\ - "lEs®N*Jt-. \KZ? M#%£kJ&JL. ^t^KT^'lSLJ :fauLg.Sa-jam^-^ «v.<.4iut>«.its& -.«■ -~r-—«=- " ■ - " • ,. ■ ;."!%v ■ 4.«?-tA?VXii*e £x~i^nu^.= y ' "N^ .... “v^, ~' ■;'.2X1—~-~-jjf# Swifc. Fig. 6.16: Hare Harbor-1, 1N3E (#1-10) 106 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig.6.17: Hare Harbor-1, 1N3E (#11-16) Liht.1 -2-'t o-?r:*V<£ joi.- *C ' 'I - 2T "tp- V j - "~^x' V "•x: «3& .JfetefcAi. .'v^ _J!S^£s<* ■ ..&.,& *. . gT ‘TPs**. Fig. 6.18: Hare Harbor-1, 1N3E (#17-34) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 107 iV-f *36 A tt l *+Tf— l--** ***•""* / afc;- T^'e;. ‘n—! _^*«s %. i^o^j «-~»_*2»-.. 4- JSA£L~ -3t&$WS. %.fcC-4ffK.1. Fig. 6.19: Hare Harbor-1, 1N3E (#35-55) ^l ^ v' C H iQ^"8. ** I 4f -=- § f -£■ v.*«r ^ ^ •siT* j •* kc »»\ v-' t- vs .' y 8 *'<**-*'* ** V »tf: ^ «S>-£ <*ff & . <^,W^s •* ***' -'ll <5“ t. jur^^- 4-«*u*a ■£■ -s.'+4^-^ ^-‘" t Wa-i'C<,4s? -Ss-i, * t -x *, So SW ^puw* •**»■&*> t^rfgssP^ «7 "-O"* r Fig. 6.20: Hare Harbor-1, 4S2E &4S1E 108 The Gateways Project 2003 V> H } Fig. 6.21: Hare Harbor-1, 2S2E ii %: rra Ha it H car L^Oc- JL H \ < ! 'Si "i2* ££ Fig. 6.22: Hare Harbor-1, 1S2E Iron Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 109 is&e Fig. 6.23: Hare Harbor-1, 2S6E A 14&W /ywr isjs.e Fig. 6.24: Hare Harbor-1, 1S6E 110 The Gateways Project 2003 * * * ' Fig. 6.25: Hare Harbor-1, 5S5E Fig. 6.26: Hare Harbor-1, 2S5E Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 111 /55T 8ls/S 1/5*5 SW*-? Fig.6.27: Hare Harbor-1, 1S5E Fig. 6.28: Hare Harbor-1, 6S3E ( #1-19) 112 The Gateways Project 2003 Ou Fig. 6.30: Hare Harbor-1, 6S3E (#32-46) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 113 V*F«J*- • V '+*'-***• * V “** Hr ^ .. W «■' ik «w-x <2f» - •■■ «- ••s, fc»\ ^ ^ ^ 4 <* - •y -1 i- * —< * 4^ ■ * •* ^ *«? M: * •»• ** •■ ~ - * £ •**?» . £> *■ P'je d *T •»« -w* #s. | * * * *. -3*^ 5^ t.: **, »■<,** Vjd£*»,V.;* - *&*i *» Vii:5 . «.J2 •<*. «*• vXltf*rL<1 Cf r «^ *i 4^’ V. &>CK *W *. c-i**4+ r? * r n ? *=f •Va*af» i -»• *~-■' ****■*& -Tj^tCtfL. X / '-"•^ V- ^ Fig. 6.31: Hare Harbor-1, 4S1E, 6S1E, 5S2E Fig. 6.32: Hare Harbor-1, 1S2E 114 The Gateways Project 2003 j4 ■'* / * |g- 1 / ■■• ~L: *' Jus. ssh®' ,.3 x < ' »4#tt3 * CJ» ^ ^.*Ki>i.^1rr»'^ «ST o^t c=4a«fci_-' *~> .j\&T. *-*; s #h / £t <^c / j< ,1/ w <"-^ '73^ T * .,, _ 5 ■ ■.,......^ * ■& 5 j ^ f / -*a * 3d <^- / j *' i. a2a j^r&a >*= w%^. / / *'<£*■ / / Z1 \a */ /__^ ~»^— ..-»a | ,Q 'yf- ^ O** ^ /' r> >,»■) Fig. 6.33: Hare Harbor-1, 1N2E (#1-17) f Z.»■«♦* *** , -89^ | «£&>*. 'CtO -rusi£*«£<,££>*• ] r7^r=FF3 i .: - j x^V'. ,,* -~c ft l V* >a*g c'*“*''<‘ _ ' —• m ;, / .y \ 1 i: j t .*, 1 r ..... Fig. 6.34: Hare Harbor-1, 1N2E (#18-30) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 115 f t -J ( er Fig. 6.35: Hare Harbor-1, 1N2E (#31-39 & 43-52) Y* \ Fig. 6.36: Hare Harbor-1, 1N2E (#40-42) & 2S2E 116 The Gateways Project 2003 . €tc«v Fio 6.37: Hare Harbor-1, 5S1E Hsu* H*x. X. WDr us: ^'Vs.s.ev. •<<&:«■* <& •*«.?*•.?:■> ^-^>3 *a-V' S ■■JfifOwt Fig. 6.38: Hare Harbor-1, 5S1E 117 o ■&£ j/xj '5* t-Jorl **^2 ll£I >&».**: «£«*u&5* A- ■«•?.«■. ?> ->«-■« * **V v3* ,-»<<3Lt..* *r&<^ Fig. 6.39: Hare Harbor-1, 1S1E -— Pom itm o / gfc * r£*e£3P~9> 118 The Gateways Project 2003 o*.j Fig. 6.41: Hare Harbor-1, 0N1E (#5-14) jA 4». «&* €fe3fc ■ irvi C‘’«r «S «*"*. * C. C.WTkS'P TTTWV'S'V* Fig. 6.42: Hare Harbor-1, OA/fE (#15-26) Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 119 Fig. 6.43: Hare Harbor-1, 0N1E (#27) & 1N1E (#1-9) iw Fig. 6.44: Hare Harbor-1, 1N1E (#10-28) 120 The Gateways Project 2003 w i / Vg Fig. 6.45: Hare Harbor-1, 1N1E (#1-16 Iron) *. k 8 3- Ofa, I •£*,. <•. «.*r**. « Cl'ii x-v^s »c--4- r" XL ■' / V* ** K ^ 3^*-.. 32^ "A£S- /jS^ '8f4»* J Fig. 6.47: Hare Harbor-1, 1S0E (#1-18 Iron & #14) Fig. 6.48: Hare Harbor-1, ONOE (#1-20 & #1-13 Iron) 122 The Gateways Project 2003 x_. *b- Fig. 6.49: Hare Harbor-1, Test pit 5 Fig. 6.50: Hare Harbor-1, Test pit 6 Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 123 TLJHsr 3 ( * ( \jj / ''S_ '~~f ■■-. *£. S *< S*£ \r.}. -<^* , j ( <£ p'"tr. i*A \ ^ > p£> 4T Fig. 6.51: Hare Harbor-1, 1 SI W(#19-28) Fig. 6.52: Hare Harbor-1, 2S0E 124 The Gateways Project 2003 CP t 04r- j 7 * ft x- j -4ur :..:•»*. IvvS.: : %&'■■> , ^::-SxC ''%&**$ Fig. 6.53: Hare Harbor-1, Test pit 5 Fig. 6.54: Hare Harbor-1, Test pit 6 Section 6: Artifact Tracings by Square 125 Fig. 6.55: Hare Harbor-1, Test pit 7 126 The Gateways Project 2003 Section 7 Stratigraphy Section 7: Stratigraphy 127 Fig. 7.1: Hare Harbor-1: 1 South Line Profile tm - Tfe 1^53 - Ran Rods <22Z>- - Rack JC ~ Nar* Black earth IS ZW S 1W I beneath bedrock IS QW 3 err. - ea cm Fig. 7.2: Hare Harbor-1: 6 East Line Profile Comparison 6 East Line ■*— Sterile Ground Level Below Tile North-South Orientation Fig. 7.3: Hare Harbor-1: 3 East Line Profile Comparison 3 East Line ■ —Sterile Ground Level Fig. 7.4: Hare Harbor-1: 2 East Line Profile Comparison •— Ground Surface and Floor Level Sterile Ground Level Depth Below 2 East Line Section 7: Stratigraphy 129 Fig. 7.5: Hare Harbor-1: 1 South Line Profile Comparison ■ Ground Surface 1 South Line Fig. 7.6: Seal Net Point-2: Area 3 Profile 1 meter I-—I 130 The Gateways Project 2003 Fig. 7.7: Seal Net Point-2: Area 2 Profile 0 cm , 5 cm Turf 8 cm 10 cm i 12 cm i Light Peat Black Sandy Soil Dark Peat Gravel Bedrock Cultural leve Fig. 7.8: Petit Mecatina-2: Maritime Archaic Mound Surface Profile, Points A-B (see Fig. 3.21) 1m 2m 3m 4m 8m 6m 7m ■* 2m 1m Section 7: Stratigraphy 131 D ep th B el ow Z er o (cm ) Fig. 7.9: Gros Mecatina-3: L1 Surface Profile Gros Mecatina-3: LI Fig. 1.10: Gros Mecatina-3: L3 Surface Profile Gros Mecatina-3: L3 132 The Gateways Project 2003 D ep th B el ow Z er o (c m ) Fig. 7.11: Bayfield Harbor-1: Surface Profile of Feature Bayfield Harbor-1 NEiSW Distance (meters) Section 7: Stratigraphy 133 Apendix A Gateways 2002 Artifact Catalogue By Anja Herzog o a cd cn S3 £U O ^ ^ (X) If ° 1 m m m rn Q. 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(black c olour) Slate •o O C hert (white c olour) C hert (white c olour) Quartzite (light grey) Quartzite (grey c oloured) M aterial / T ype Qty C ultural affiliation Fragm entary, distal e nd o 0 o 0 o 0 o CD Fragm entary, m e sio-proxim al e nd? Fragm entary, m e sial fragm ent Fragm entary, distal e nd 1 Fragm entary, m e sial fragm ent? Fragm entary, m e sial fragm ent Fragm entary, distal e nd Fragm entary, distal e nd Fragm entary, m e sio-proxim al e nd \A A iole? •o o 0 •O | Fragm entary | Fragm entary W hole? Fragm entary, distal e nd O 0 •0 W hole? C ondition Fits w ith 2,4 x 2,7 c m JSJ ■vl X CD O 3 1,8 x 1,9 c m 2,1 x 2,1 c m 1,7 x 1,6 c m CO ro X CO CD O 3 3,4 x 3,3 c m 3,5 x 4,0 c m CD X CO o o 3 N) Ol X CO o 3 |2,4 x 3,8 c m |3,4 x 2,3 c m 3,3 x 2,5 c m 6,9 x 3,9 c m 4,5 x 3,8 c m S5 ,5 x 3,6 c m 11,6 x 1,6 c m V X Vi o 3 1,2 x 1,8 c m 1,1 x 2,6 c m 2,5 x 2,6 c m 4,4 x 4,9 c m M ax. Length x M ax. W idth / D iam eter 2 - 7 m m CO 3 3 l4 - 7 m m 1 -7 m m i bi 3 3 CD 3 3 3 3 |1 -1 0 m m '-j 3 3 3 3 j1 - 8 m m 2 -1 1 m m 1 - 5 m m 3 -1 2 m m 1 -1 4 m m 128 m m N> CD 3 3 |3 - 8 m m 1 - 2 m m 1 - 10 m m 1 - 6 m m oo 3 3 Thickness 5,4 g o> o CQ 3,3 g 2,9 g V ca 8 ,2 l o (Q 15,1 gl pi M (Q > bi CQ 8,5 g 6,1 g pi to 1 35,8 g 44,5 g 1 54,4 g Vi o 3 2,6 x 2,7 c m 1,5 x 1,8 c m 1,7 x 1,4 c m cn X o 3 1,9 x 1,2 c m 2,2 x 1,1 c m 1,9 x 0,7 c m 1,4 x 1,6 c m | M ax. L ength x M ax. W idth / D iam eter 1 - 3 m m 2 - 6 m m 1 - 7 m m N) 3 3 do GO 3 3 2 -7 m m 1 ,5-5 m m 11 - 15 m m 1 - 4 m m < 1 -4 m m 3 - 9 m m cn 3 3 3 3 1,5- 10 m m T hickness 0,4 g 2,0 g 2,0 g CD CQ CO oo CQ CO CO CQ 4,9 g. 6,2 g 0,9 g p Vi CQ | 2,2 g 1,0 g 1,1 g 2,5 g W eight R em arks Oi Co Site N am e: M utton B ay-3 B orden C ode N o.: E eB s-3 D ate of C ollection: D ate of Inventory: 02-07-22 o a ^ cu CD CD O O ? O < 9. 11 ^ Q CD CO § CD O CD m a) 03 9. • ‘ CD 03 CO CO CO CD 7 73 03 $ - 3J o 03 CD $ - s 7 03 ^ 3. 3 n 73 O 5 aj to (Q S '- 3|5 CD jy 03 3 g- CQ 3 §. 3 ■n 31 O 3 0J (B o 5 - CD qj 03 3 ^ S ~ S 7 03 03 S’ O =5 c ” ^ 0) c o 5. _L M CD M CD S’. X X ^ J-* j'O (Q 03 O)^ o o sr 33| 3 i CO g £ g ni 03 0) |j X X Q. o o a> o a ^ T3 Z 5 o 2- CD m cd 00 LN S 2002 A R T IFA C T C A TA LO G Apendix B Sample Field Report Form 62 The Gateways Project 2003 SITE fJAfliE --.-.—. BORDEN NQ« _ __ HEIGHT A.S.L. __ MILITARY CHID REE. 00 N HO E MAP REF. _- CULTURE ____ TENTATIVE DATING SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY SITE LOCATION DESCRIPTION CF SITE I AREAL EXTENT OF SITE ’ RAW MATERIALS NATURE CF S OILS/SEDINTS/VE GETATION COVER Apendix B 63 COLLECTIflM PaOCEDUftE(S) SAMPLES TAKES POTENTIAL FLSI FURTHE* M$K (# OF SQUARES, DEPTH Of DEPOSIT ?) REMARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation^ 20TCS; BLACK and WHITE CLLOfl SLIDES _______ iUR'iEY£0 BY __ _______ DATE 64 The Gateways Project 2003