PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued ll^ik S 0?^l ^H '^'
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUMVol.84 Wathington : 1937 No. 3015MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI
By Robert Tracy JacksonMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
The collection of fossil Echini reported upon in this paper wassubmitted to me for study by Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan. All typesof new species described herein are in the United States NationalMuseum except that of Lovenia mexicana, which is in the museum ofthe California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.I should express my warm appreciation to my friend Dr. HubertLyman Clark for his help in this work. His opinion is of great value,especially in the cidaroids and clypeastroids, for the indentification inthese two groups is exceptionally difficult on account of the multi-plicity of species, and Dr. Clark is a high authority on both groups.Assistance in stating precisely the localities and the geologic horizonshas been kindly rendered by J. M. Muir and Thomas F. Grimsdale.The regular Echini are represented by only two species of Cidarisand one of Stomopneustes. This last is of exceptional interest, as itis the first recorded occurrence of the genus as found fossil in America.Indeed, its previous occurrence as a fossil anjnvhere is somewhatdoubtful. The clypeastroids, as usual in Tertiary collections, arerather abundant in species and individuals. Of spatangoids there area number of species, and the specimens are in an exceptionally goodstate of preservation.128736?37 227
228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou 84Table 1 shows the localities and the geologic horizons of the speciesfound in the collection.Table 1.
?
Localities and geologic horizons of species of Mexican fossil Echinirecorded in this paper
Species
MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI?JACKSON 229Order CIDAROIDA DuncanFamily CIDARIDAE GrayGenus CIDARIS LeskeCIDARIS LOVENI CotteauCidaris loveni Cotteau, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 13, no. 6, p. 10,pi. 1, figs. 11-14, 1875.
?
Jackson, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 306,p. 19, pi. 1, figs. 8-10, 1922.A fragment consisting of an interambulacral area and a lialf-ambu-lacral area appears referable to this species, although it is considerablylarger than the type, which is from the Eocene of St. Bartholomew,West Indies. The Mexican specimen measures 29 mm in height, widthof the interambulacrum at the midzone 22 mm, width of the half-ambulacrum at the same zone 3 mm. Tliis, of course, indicates 6 mmas the width of the ambulacral area. This species is recorded quali-fiedly as Cidaris cf . loveni by Kew and also by Israelsky as from Tuxpan,based apparently on the same specimen here considered.Miocene, Tuxpan formation, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico; Dumbleand Cummins, collectors, 1908, California Academy of Sciences,locahty X 14, one specimen.CIDARIS THOUARSn Agassiz and DesorCidaris thouarsii Agassiz and Desor, Catalogue Raisonn^, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser.3, vol. 6, p. 326, 1846.A specimen somewhat crushed but otherwise fairly well preservedis referred to this species. It measures 17 mm in height, width of anambulacrum at the midzone about 3 mm, width of an interambula-crum at the same zone 14 mm. Cidaris thouarsii occurs in theRecent fauna of the Pacific off the west coast of Mexico. It is ofinterest that it is found also in the fossil state in Mexico. C. tribu-loides, which is abundant in the Recent West Indian fauna, has beenfound fossil in Cuba.Miocene, Tuxpan formation, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico; Dumbleand Cummins, collectors, 1908, Cahfornia Academy of Sciences,locality X 14, one specimen.Order CENTRECHINOIDA JacksonSuborder Stirodonta JacksonFamily STOMOPNEUSTIDAE MortensenGenus STOMOPNEUSTES AgassizSTOMOPNEUSTES PRISTINUS, new speciesPlate 12, Figure 1Test low, dome-shaped, ambitus below the midzone, slightly pen-tagonal in horizontal outline, the ambulacral areas coinciding with
230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.84the apices of the pentagon, flattened dorsally, slightly reentrant aboutthe peristome, otherwise very nearly flat ventrally. Ambulacrawide, measuring about 25 mm in width at the ambitus, ambulacralplates composed of three elements, but tliis species, like the RecentS. variolaris (Lamarck), has a peculiar arrangement in that everyfourth ambulacral plate bears a large primary tubercle that has grownover four plates and hides their sutures. This, with other importantdetails in regard to the Recent species, is considered by Dr. H. L.Clark.* Interambulacra with two vertical rows of primary tuberclesin each half-area. Diameter of the specimen 81 mm, height 38 mm.The single known specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 496275) of this new andinteresting ecliinoid is much worn and shows structural detail only inparts of the test. The peristome and periproct are not preserved, orare not \asible. The test is thick and solid and gives no evidence offlattening or other distortion.The genus Stomopneustes is known from the Recent species ^S*.variolaris (Lamarck) from the southern Pacific Ocean. According toDuncan,^ a species has been found in the Tertiary of Java, but hequeried the statement.OUgocene, Mes6n, Hacienda Tierra Amarilla, about 7 km north-west of the town of Temapache, Canton Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico;Corona collection, no. 29 ( = H176), one specimen.Order EXOCYCLOIDA JaeksonSuborder Clypeastrina GregoryFamily CLYPEASTRIDAE AgassizGenus CLYPEASTER LamarckCLYPEASTER MERIDANENSIS MichellnClypeaster meridanensis Michelin, R^v. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 240, 1850;M6m. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 2, vol. 7, p. 136, pi. 14, figs, la-f, 1861.Of the species Clypeaster meridanensis, described by Michelin fromthe Tertiary of Merida, Yucatan, there is a fine series of extremelywell preserved specimens from Tuxpan, Tampico, and Hacienda SantaF6, Topila, Mexico. The largest specimen, from a small quarry inthe town of Tuxpan, collected by D. R. Semmes, no. 82, measures 160mm in length, 142 mm in width at the widest part through ambulacraII and IV, and 27 mm in height.There are 12 specimens of this species from the Miocene of Tuxpan,Veracruz, Mexico, and two from the Oligocene Meson formation ofHacienda Santa F^, Topila, Veracruz. Also there is a 4-rayed speci-men and a fragment from 1 mile north of Tampico and on the opposite
? Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, no. 2, 1912.
? Revision of the genera and great groups of the Echinoidea. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 23,pp. 1-311, 1889.
MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI JACKSON 231
side of Laguna del Carpintero from it ; California Academy of Sciences,locality X 34. A specimen with petals broader and poriferous areaswider than is usual in the species as a variant is from Tiixpan, Vera-cruz, California Academy of Sciences, locaUty X 14.Lambert ^ also records this species from Tuxpan.CLYPEASTER MARINANUS, new speciesPlate 12, Figure 2; Plate 13, Figure 1Test elongate, low, subpentagonal in outline, very thin on the bor-ders, center only slightly elevated, ventrally nearly flat, slightlyreentrant around the mouth. Ambulacral petals relatively short,slightly curved, open at the tips, nearly flush with the surface of thetest, poriferous areas not sunken. Apical disk sUghtly anterior to thecenter. Periproct near the posterior end; in a specimen 72 mm longthe periproct is 6 mm from the border. Tubercles are small dorsallyand closely associated; ventrally they are larger and more deeplysunken.There is a rather large series of specimens of this species from severallocahties. The specimen selected as the type, H 120 (U.S.N.M. no.496276), from Chamal on the north side of Soto la Marina River,measures 102 mm in length, 94 mm in width, and about 20 mm inheight. Another specimen, from Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila, measures116 mm in length, 98 mm in width, and about 17 mm in height.Clypeaster marinanus approaches in character nearest to C. rogersiMorton but differs from that in having the test flatter and being muchthinner at the margin and less deeply reentrant around the mouth.Also the ambulacral petals are shorter, narrower, and less curved, andthe poriferous areas are narrower in rogersi. C. marinanus differsfrom C. staubi Lambert, which also occurs east of Soto la Marina, inthat the test of marinanus is much less conically elevated and muchless pentagonal in outline than staubi.Oligocene, Mes6n formation, at the following localities: Chamal, Sotola Marina River, Tamaulipas, Mexico, Corona collection, six specimensincluding the holotype ; Mes6n, Hacienda Santa F6, Topila, Veracruz,six specimens; Lot 214 Hacienda Chinampa, 10 km east of town ofChinampa, Canton Tuxpan, Veracruz, just above the main Lepido'eyclina gigas beds, top of Mes6n formation, three small immaturespecimens; east of Ozuluama, one specimen; Mes6n formation, AguilaColony, about 4 km northwest of the cathedral, Tampico, Mexico,one specimen; north of Arbol Grande, between 3,700 and 4,300 feetnorth of Arbol Grande station, near Tampico, Mexico, several frag-ments; cut on street railway between Dona Ceciha and Tampico,Mexico, one fragment, California Academy of Sciences, locaUty X 118.
' Op. cit., p. 272.
232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.84CLYPEASTER TOPILANUS, new speciesPlate 13, Figures 2, 3Clypeaster sp. a Kew, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, no. 5, table facingp. 128 (for localities listed), pp. 130, 131, pi. 23, fig. 2; pi. 24, fig. 2, 1917.Clypeaster sp. Israblsky, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 140,1924.Test moderately high, pentagonal, elongate anteriorly, truncateposteriorly, with thick rounded margin, dorsally elevated into a lowdome, ventrally reentrant to the moderately sunken peristome. Apicaldisk small, a little anterior to the center of the test. Periproct nearthe posterior border of the test, 5 mm from it in the type, whichmeasures 96 mm in length. Ambulacral petals open at the tips,poriferous areas narrow, moderately depressed, nonporiferous areasonly moderately elevated.There is a rather large number of specimens of this species. Theone selected as the type (U.S.N.M. no. 496278) measures 96 mm inlength, 80 mm in width, and 25 mm in height. With all the speciesassigned to the genus Clypeaster, it is annoying to make still another,but these specimens cannot be made to fit into any species known.C. topilanus is nearest to C. planipetalus Cotteau, but it differs fromthat in having shorter petals and being less open at the tips; also thepetals are straighter and the poriferous areas are narrower than theyare in planipetalus. C. topilanus is more massive and more stronglypentagonal in outline than C. sanrajaelensis Israelsky, wliich is fromthe Tampico region.The species that Kew figured as Clypeaster species a is evidentlythe same as that described here as new. Kew did not give any de-scription of his species a, but it is listed in his table of species fromthe "San Fernando formation and associated beds." As noted onpage 125 (footnote) of Dickerson and Kew's paper, the name "SanFernando" being preoccupied, the name "San Rafael" was proposedas a substitute by Prof. E. T. Dumble. That name has now beendropped, as it was a synonym of the Mes6n formation. Kew gave aslocalities for his species a: Salitre Ranch, Tamaulipas; and hill atextreme north of La Puerta Range, Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila,Veracruz.In the material at hand there is a fine series from the Mes<5n for-mation at abandoned Corona camp. Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila,Veracruz, Mexico, 16 specimens. One specimen without locality ismarked locality X 83a, California Academy of Sciences.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 84 PLATE 12
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1, Clypeaster marinanus, new species, Meson formation, Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila, Mexico, locality Ml'JV.paratype, ventral view, U.S.N.M. no. 496277; 2, C. topilanus, new species, same formation and locality,holotype, dorsal view, U.S.N.M. no. 496278: 3, C. topilanus, same formation and locality. Corona collectionno. 14, paratype, ventral view, U.S.N.M. no. 496279; 4, Laganum leptum, new species. Meson formation,on line of Transcontinental Railroad, lot 145, Hacienda Chinampa, 8 km east of town of Chinampa, Can-ton Tuxpan, Veracruz, at the first cut examined November 28, 1920, holotvpe, dorsal view, U.S.N.M.no. 496280. (Five-sixths natural size.
)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 84 PLATE 14
Eupntngus mtiicaniis, new species, Meson formation, Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila, Mexico, Corona collectionno. 1, holotype, dorsal view, U.P.N.M. no. 496281. The figure is slightly foreshortened. (Five-sixthsnatural si7e.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL 84 PLATE 15
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MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI?JACKSON 233Family LAGANIDAE DesorGenus LAGANUM GrayLAGANUM LEPTUM, new speciesPlate 13, Figure 4Test very nearly circular, very flat and thin. Apical disk central,peristome probably the same, but invisible. Ambulacral petals short,wide, obovate. Poriferous areas wide. Periproct very near to, beingonly 2 mm from, the posterior border of the test.The single known specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 496280) measures 38mm in length, 35 mm in width, and about 5 mm in height. Thisspecies approaches perhaps nearest to Laganum johnsoni Twitchell,from the Eocene of Alabama. It differs from johnsoni in the extremethinness of the test and in the shortness and obovate form of thepetals in leptum.L. Upturn was collected by Dr. T. W. Vaughan in the OligoceneMes6n formation on the line of the Transcontinental Railroad, lot145, Hacienda Chinampa, 8 km east of the town of Chinampa,Canton Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, at the first cut examined, Novem-ber 28, 1920. Family SCUTELLIDAE AgassizGenus SCUTELLA LamarckSCUTELLA CAZONESENSIS KewScuiella cazonesensis Kew, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, p. 132, pi. 19,fig. 1, 1917.This species is represented by a fragmentary but very well pre-served specimen of an individual almost exactly the same size as theone figured by Kew.The specimen here considered is from La Cuesta, Soto la MarinaRiver, Corona collection, no. 28. The geologic horizon is not defi-nitely know^n, but is either upper Mes6n or Tuxpan.Suborder Spatangina JacksonFamily HEMIASTERIDAE H. L. ClarkGenus AGASSIZIA ValenciennesAGASSIZIA CLEVEI CotteauAgassizia clevei Cotteau (pars), Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 13,no. 6, p. 33, pi. 6, figs. 2-8, 1875.
?
Jackson, Carnegie Inst. WashingtonPubl. 306, p. 71, pi. 12, figs. 5-7, 1922.Not Agassizia clevei Kew, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, pi. 17, figs,la, lb, 1917.Two specimens are referred to this species. The larger of thetwo as a variant shows considerable resemblance to A. rriflata Jackson.
234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.84Kew figures a specimen as A. clevei as noted above. This specimenIsraelsky ^ makes the type of a new species, A. regia, and comparesthis with A. inflata Jackson, which by error he calls A. elevata Jackson.A. clevei differs from A. regia in being proportionately narrowerlaterally and less expanded anteriorly.Mes6n, Sahtre Ranch, Mexico; Cummins and Sands, collectors,1909; California Academy of Sciences, locaHty X 24, two specimens.Genus SCHIZASTER AgassizSCmZASTER CRISTATUS JacksonSchizaster crisiatus Jackson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, p. 499, pi. 68, figs.2-4, 1917.S. cristatus differs from S. dumhlei Israelsky ^ in being more com-pressed laterally and more liighly carinate posteriorly.The species cristatus, described from Brazil, Costa Rica, is repre-sented by a number of excellent specimens from Mexico:Oligocene, Mes6n, locaUties: Horizon "M", Transcontinental Rail-road, lot 145 Hacienda Chinampa, 8 km east of the town of Chinam-pa. Canton Tiixpan, Veracruz; also in lot 214, Hacienda Chinampa,D. R. Semmes, collector, June 1920, one specimen; station 49, Trans-continental Railroad, east of construction camp, just below largeLepidocycHna bed, D. R. Semmes, 1920, one specimen; HuastecaRailroad cut, Km 10, Hacienda San Aliguel, 7.5 km south of DosBocas Crater, Canton Ozuluama, Veracruz, Dr. T. W. Vaughan,collector, 1920, one specimen.Miocene: Quarry, Tiixpan, Mexico, D. R. Semmes, collector, no.77, U.S.N.M., two specimens.Family SPATANGIDAE GrayGenus EUPATAGUS AgassizEUPATAGUS MEXICANUS, new speciesPlate 14; Plate 15, Figure 1Test massive, elongate, ovate, high, rounded, dome-shaped, trun-cate anteriorly, elongate-ovate posteriorly. Steeply rounded fromthe apical disk to the anterior border of the test. Ventrally nearlyflat except the plastron, which is strongly elevated. The anteriorfurrow is lacking except for a moderate depression ventrally close tothe peristome. The paired ambulacra are flush, wide, petaloid, theanterior pair II and IV curving somewhat forward. The anterior
? Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 142, 1924.
? Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 141, 1924. The species dumblei was figured as Schizastertcherzeri Gabb by Kew, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, no. 6, pi. 18, fig. 2, pi. 19, fig. 2, and pi.20, fig. 2, 1917.
MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI?JACKSON 235ambulacrum III is narrow, straight, inconspicuous, but widening asit approaches the peristome. The posterior pair of ambulacra Iand V extend backward in almost a straight line and are widelydivergent from the anterior pair. The pores of the paired ambulacraare dorsally very much alike, the inner pores being rounder and theouter pores elongate. The interambulacra are very wide and arehighly rounded in the medium line. Dorsally there are numerousperforate primary tubercles, widely spaced with secondary tuberclesand miliaries between them. Ventrally the primary tubercles arelarger, more crowded, and with numerous smaller tubercles betweenthem. In the best-preserved specimen the peripetalous fasciole isin part \'isible. The apical disk is small, with five small ocular andfour small genital plates situated at the highest point of the test,which is eccentric anteriorly. The periproct is large, situated pos-teriorly and just not visible in dorsal view, clearly visible on theposterior slope when viewed ventrally. The peristome is large,situated far anteriorly. The plastron is prominent, elongate, ele-vated, and relatively narrow.The holotype (U.S.N.M. no. 496281), wliich is the smallest of thethree knov^'n specimens, is selected as such because it is the most per-fectly preserved. It measures 127 mm in length, 116 mm in width,and 58 mm in height; the distance from the center of the apical diskto the anterior margin is 27 mm (pi. 14 is slightly foreshortened).The largest specimen measures 152 mm in length, 139 mm in width,and 71 mm in height. This magnificient species is represented bythree specimens in remarkably perfect condition of preservation.The tests are not at all compressed or distorted and show surfacecharacters exceptionally well, especially the smallest one of thethree.E. mexicanus approaches nearest to E. vaughani Jackson, ^? from theOligocene of Antigua, West Indies. It differs from vaughani in beinghigher and more steeply rounded anteriorly, in outline more truncateanteriorly, and more elongate-ovate posteriorly. In mexicanus theperistome is situated farther anteriorly, and the plastron is narrowerand less elevated posteriorly than in vaughani.Lambert (op. cit.) records a specimen of E. vaughani under the nameAntillaster vaughani (Jackson) from near Topilla. His specimen, asstated and figured, is incompletely preserved, and it is quite possiblethat it may be referable to the new species E. mexicanus.Meson formation, former Corona camp site, at southern end ofCerro La Puerta, Hacienda Santa Fe, Topila, Canton Ozuluama,Veracruz; Corona collection, three specimens, nos. 1-3.
? Carnegie Inst. Washington Pulil. 306. p. 96, pi. 17, fig. 2; pi. 18, figs. 1, 2, 1922.
236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol.84Genus LOVENIA DesorLOVENIA DUMBLEI KewLovenia dumblei Kew, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 7, p. 136, pi. 17,figs. 2a-c, 1917.?IsRAELSKY, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, p.145, 1924.The genus Lovenia is not recorded by Clark and Twitchell as occur-ring in the United States, and so far as known it is thus far found inAmerica only in ^Mexico. Lambert {op. cit.) describes as a new speciesVasconaster jeanneii from near Tiixpan, Mexico. This type is nearlyallied to Lovenia.A number of fine specimens of L. dumblei occur in the collection fromseveral localities of Oligocene age in Mexico:Transcontinental Railroad, a little east of Km 5, lot 214 HaciendaChinampa, 10 km east of the town of Chinampa, Canton Tuxpan,Veracruz, from main Lepidocyclina gigas bed, Mes6n formation, col-lected by Vaughan, Weaver, and Semmes, 1920, three specimens, no.M,30V; another specimen was collected from the same locality b}^ thesame geologists but just above the Lepidocyclina gigas bed, no. M.29V;station 49, Transcontinental Railroad, east of construction camp,Mes6n formation just below large Lepidocyclina bed, D. R. Semmes,collector, one specimen, no. 57. Vaughan and Semmes collected fromthe Eocene, probably the Tantoyuca formation, on Arroyo Zarco,south side of Peregrina Hill, Hacienda Tamemaz, 9 km southeast ofthe town of Tempoal, Veracruz, north of road from El Cristo to DosCaminos, Mexico, from just above the Venericardia bed (M.1106 V),several fragments of a species of Lovenia that resemble L. dumbleiKew. LOVENIA MEXICAN A, new speciesPlate 15, Figures 2, 3Test low, cordiform, elongate, truncate anteriorly with a moderatelydeep anterior furrow, ovately elongate posteriorly. Nearly fiatdorsally, flattened and moderately reentrant about the peristomeventrally. Anterior ambulacrum III narrow, inconspicuous in themoderately deep anterior furrow. Paired ambulacra slightly sunkendorsally, wide, triangular near the apical disk; they narrow toward theambitus. Interambulacra broad, rounded, bearing dorsally rathersmall perforate primary tubercles, widely spaced, with secondaryand miliary tubercles. There are a number of primary tubercles onthe posterior interambulacrum 5, as well as on the other four inter-ambulacral areas. Ventrally the primary tubercles are more crowded.Neither the internal fasciole nor the subanal fasciole could be madeout in either specimen, though these characters are quite clear insome of the specimens of L. dumblei. In L. mexicana the apical disk
MEXICAN FOSSIL ECHINI?JACKSON 237is small, situated a little posterior to the center of the test. Peristometransversely oval, situated on the posterior face, just not visible indorsal view. Peristome wide, sunken, near the anterior border.Plastron very narrow, highly elevated into a rostrum, near thelabrum in the center line.There are two specimens of this new species, the smaller, which ismore perfectly preserved, being selected as the holotype (in museumof California Academy of Sciences). It measures 49 mm in length, 45mm in width, and 15 mm in height. The larger specimen, which isless well preserved in surface characters yet undoubtedly the samespecies, measures 65 mm in length, 58 mm in width, and 21 mm inheight. L. mexicana differs from L. dumblei in having the posteriorinterambulacrum 5 carina te. The apical disk is posterior to thecenter instead of anterior, the primary tubercles are smaller and occuron interambulacrum 5 as well as other interambulacral areas, whereasthey are lacking in area 5 in dumblei. In mexicana the plastron isnarrower and at the same time more strongly keeled than in dumblei.Mes6n formation, Rancho Nuevo, 2,5 km west-southwest of Meson,Canton Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, a few miles northeast of Tepezin-titla, between Mes6n and Cerro Azul, Veracruz; W. F. Cummins,collector, two specimens, California Academy of Sciences, localityX62.
U.S. eOVIRNHENT PRINTJNS OmCI: KIT