A KEDESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES OF THEGENERA OF COCCIDAE BASED ON SPECIES ORIG-INALLY DESCRIBED BY MASKELL.^
By Harold Morrison and Emily Morrison,Of the Bureau, of Entomologv, United States Department of Agriculture.
INTRODUCTION.As may be noted from the appended bibliography, W. M. Maskell,registrar of the University of New Zealand, began the publication ofpapers on tlie family Coccidae in the year 1879, and from that dateuntil his death in 1898, an almost uninterrupted series of studies onthe species of this family was produced by him, one or more articles,usualW of considerable length, appearing annually except in theyears 1881, 1883, 1886, and 1888, to the number of more than 40. Theearlier work was confined to the Coccid fauna of New Zealand, butbefore long specimens from Australia began to come to Maskell fordetermination, and before his work ended he had described numerousnew species from that continent, from various Polynesian islands,from China, Japan, and India, from South Africa, and even fromNorth and South America. In the course of these studies Maskellbrought together a large collection of insects of this family, amoimt-ing to 597 numbers, most of which represent miduplicated species.This collection includes imstained slide mounts of nearly all thespecies present, and in most cases unmounted material of the samespecies. Unfortunately Maskell had or retained only very smallquantities of unmounted material in his own collection with a ma-jority of the species.Recognizing the absolute necessit}- for a reexamination of this col-lection in the light of modern concepts if the classification of theCoccidae was to develop properly, Dr. C. L. Marlatt, Assistant Chiefof the Bureau of Entomology, instituted negotiations looking to itsloan for study purposes in 1906. These were continued betweenDoctor Marlatt, Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau, and Mr.T. W. Kirk, at present director of the horticultural division of the
? This paper was completed and presented for pubUcation before the appearance ofMacGillivray's " The Coccidae," and in consequence maket> no attempt to discuss thegenotypes of some seventeen new Diaspine genera established in that work for rarionsspecies described by Maskell.No. 2407?ProCEEDI NQS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60. ART. 12.1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60.New Zealand Department of Agriculture,^ and the generous recom-mendations made by the last to the New Zealand authorities so re-sulted that the final consignment of the collection reached Washing-ton in 1909. Studies on the collection were begun under the directionof Doctor Marlatt immediately after its arrival, and various noteswere made and photographs taken of the more important species, butuncontrollable circimistances have, up to the present, prevented theextended critical study of the species which is much needed to fur-tlier the classification of the Coccidae, and have also prevented thepreparation for publication of such notes and studies as had beenmade previously.When an opportunity recently presented itself to the writers toundertake definite work on this collection, it was decided, after someconsideration, that the redescription and redefinition of the differentgenera based on Maskellian species was the most immediately im-portant work which could be done, in spite of-the fact that it requiredstudies of genera scattered promiscuously through the whole family,and gave little or no opportunity for correlative classification in anygroup. These studies have certainly opened up more questions thanthey have been able to settle ; however, it is hoped and believed thatthey will further the beginning which is being made in the study ofthe classification of this diffcult family along lines leading away fromthe superficial and conspicuous characters heretofore depended uponto indicate relationships, and toward those fundamental similaritiesand differences, often minute, in the structure and biology of thespecies, which must sooner or later be relied upon if a true classifica-tion is to be developed.In the following descriptions, and particularly in the diagnoses ofthe genera, the writers have, in all probability, overemphasized manystructural details which will be found on extended comparative studyof the different groups to have little value for generic differentia-tion. The field is so large that a thorough knowledge of the com-parative anatomy of the members of the family can only come inpiecemeal fashion, and it has in consequence been considered prefer-able to err through the inclusion of unnecessary details rather thanthrough the omission of possibly important facts.The studies of the type species have been confined almost entirelyto the various stages of the female, and principally to the adult andthe first-stage larva. While there is no reason for believing that astudy of every stage of both sexes of a species will not contributesomething to a knowledge of its relationships, practical considera-tions, chiefly the question of the volume of this paper, the fact thatthe two stages emphasized are the ones most frequently obtained incollections, and the fact that in the case of the male sex there is no
? Recently retired.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 3definite basis for description or diagnosis, have influenced the limita-tion noted. As Maskell has in most cases described the superficialappearance of the insects named by him quite fully, this phase of eachspecies has also been very largely ignored, and special emphasis hasbeen laid on the morphological characteristics in the following de-scriptions, which are to that extent supplemental to those of Maskell.Many of the opinions regarding the classification of the Coccidaeexpressed by Maskell in the course of his work appear to be excellent,and it can only be regretted that he did not correlate such ideas witha much higher degree of accuracy in the course of his descriptivestudies. It is certainly safe to state that a majority of the Maskelldescriptions which have been examined in the course of this workcontain actual errors, not of omission, but of statement of anatomicalfact, these occurring so frequently that it has not been considereddesirable to call attention in the body of a description to the factthat Maskell described a sti'ucture as having certain characteristics,while these prove on reexamination to be different. Therefore, wherethe following descriptions differ in detail from those of Maskell itmay be accepted as a rule that due consideration has been given toMaskell's statements and that the differences result from a studyof specimens of the species involved. Besides this, as will be notedin the cases of Erium and Anoplaspis, Maskell has confused othercoccidologists by misidentifying specimens examined by him, and bysending out such incorrectly determined specimens as examples ofspecies described by him.In some instances the Maskell material has been so scant that ithas been necessary to rely upon recent redescriptions of the speciesin question for more or less of the information given. In other cases,from the same cause, it has been necessary to supplement the Maskellspecimens with others evidently of the same species from othersources. Wherever it has been possible, however, the following de-scriptions and figures have been prepared from Maskell's type ma-terial. The genera and species described here are listed in the ordergiven in the Fernald Catalogue of the AVorld, 1903, although in manycases a different position within the family from that given in thiscatalogue has been indicated. For compactness no references givenin that catalogue are repeated, and only those subsequent to it thatappear to have a definite bearing on the genus involved.It is hoped that this paper will be the first of a series discussing thespecies of this very important collection.Thirty-seven genera and subgenera are described and discussed intlie following pages, besides which it has been necessary to describeone new species. Wherever possible, the writers have added notes onthe species other than the type which have been included in a genus.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. t?l. 80,have expanded the generic diagnoses accordingly, and have also madesuggestions as to the possible relationships of the genus. Unfortu-nately little or nothing of this sort could be contributed with far toomanj'^ of the genera.The text figures showing the structural characteristics of the vari-ous species have been prepared by the junior author.DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.Family COCCIDAE.Subfamily Monophlebinae.Genus MONOPHLEBULUS CockerelLPlate 1, fig. 1.Genotype.?Monophlehus fuscus Maskell.Reference.?FQviidl^, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 19.This genus was established by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell in 1902, onthe basis of the presence of 7-segraented antennae in the adult female,and with only the single included species, which must therefore bethe type species.This species is now represented in the Maskell collection by threeslides, two each with a single larva, one dated 1892, the other 1894,and one with an antenna, a leg, and a portion of the derm of the adultfemale dated 1892, and by a single unmounted female with the Mas-kell No. 286. It is possible to obtain a little light on the character-istics of this species from the larvae and the pieces of the adult fe-male, but few structures may be described in detail.Adult female.?Elongate ovate, much shriveled when dry, bodymore or less covered by white secretion and with numerous glassythreads protruding from this secretion, especially along the marginwhere they form small bundles ; antenane 7-segmented. varying fromthe normal monophlebine type only in a reduction of the number ofsegments from that usually present and in the shortening of the in-dividual segments; legs normal monophlebine type, tarsal digitulesrepresented only by the stubs; mentum not available for examina-tion ; spiracles not available for examination ; derm, so far as can bedetermined from the very small piece available, with at least threetypes of pores, two circular, one smaller, apparently flat, with trilobedcenter and an oval pore between each two lobes and the surroundingring, the other larger, apparently more heavily chitinized, normallywith a larger center surrounded by a circle of several somewhatsmaller pores, but this arrangement variable, so there may be onelarge pore and two or three smaller pores in the center of the porecircle, the third pore type large, heavy, trilocular tubular ducts, these
ABT. 12. MASKELX. GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON.
secreting the glassy threads; derm with two types of setae and scat-tered stout lanceolate spines, some of the setae slender with a definitebasal collar, others, more numerous, relatively stout at base, thentapering gradually to a very slender tip, the basal collar on these
JTlG. 1. MONOPHLBBULUS FOSCUS (MASKELL). A. LAUVA, OUTLINKj X B7.5 ; B. LARVA,MIDDLE LEG, X 115 ; C. AND D. LARVA, DORSAL SPINES, X 640 ; E. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 115 ;F. LARVA, ANAL RING, X 335 ; G. ADULT FEMALE, SECTION OF DERM, X 230, WITH ENLARGEDDETAILS OF SETAE, X 335, AND OF SPINES,, PORES, AND DUCTS, X 640 ; H. LARVA, TBILOCULAUDUCT, X640; I. LARVA, THORACIC SPIRACLE, X 335 ; J. LARVA, ABDOMINAL SPIRACLE, X 335,SHOWING DIFFERENCE IN SIZE ; K. LARVA, ABDOillNAL SPIRACLE. X 1500 ; L. ADULT FEMALE,LEG, X50; M. ADULT FEMALE, DERM PORES, X 640 ; N. LARVA, TRILOCULAR DISK PORE,Xl500; O. ADDLT FEMALE, DERM SPINBSj SHOWING VARIATION^ X 335 ; P. ADULT FEMALB,ANTENNA, X 57.5.
very small: anal opening not available for examination; ventralcicatrices not available for examination.Intermediate stages.?None available for examination.Larva.?Elongate oval, antennae rather stout, 5-segmented. theterminal largest ; legs normal, claw with digitules and denticle ; withtwo thoracic and seven abdominal pairs of spiracles, the latter simple;
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.derm with trilocular center circular pores arranged in four longi-tudinal rows dorsally and two rows ventrally, and in addition withthirteen pairs of the heavy short-tubular marginal ducts, each ducttrilocular and giving off three glassy filaments which form a singlethread; derm with five more or less distinct double rows of stoutspines dorsally, one median, one on each margin, the other two in-termediate, each accompanied by slender setae, and ventrally withrather numerous but scattered slender setae; anal opening a shorttube surrounded by a pore collar; with four small circular ventralcicatrices on each half, these curving forward and out.The following generic diagnosis has been drawn up from thepreceding description, and includes only the type species, as thewriters are unable at this writing to cite any other species as belongingdefinitely with M. fuscus, although Monophlehus crawfordi Maskelland var. pilosior Maskell seem very closely related and may proveon thorough study to be congeneric with M. fuscus.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF MONOPHLEBULUS.Monophlebine coccids; adult female elongate ovate, covered withloose secretion containing numerous glassy threads; probably notsecreting an ovisac; antennae 7-segmented, legs well developed,normal; with two pairs of thoracic and seven pairs of abdominalspiracles ; derm with two sorts of circular multilocular disk pores, andlarge trilocular tubular ducts; with slender setae, large taperingsetae, and stout lanceolate spines; condition of anal opening andventral cicatrices not known; intermediate stages not known; larvaelongate oval, antennae 5-segmented; legs normal, claws with digi-tules and denticle; with two pairs of thoracic and seven pairs ofabdominal spiracles; body with longitudinal rows of trilocular diskpores and with a marginal row of large trilocular tubular ductsaround the whole body ; derm with dorsal and marginal rows of stoutspines, and with slender setae dorsally and ventrally; anal tubeshort, surrounded by a pore collar; four pairs of ventral circularcicatrices, and a single pair of long differentiated terminal setae.This genus appears, on the basis of such study of other Monophle-bine genera and species as has been possible, to be more closely re-lated to the group including WalkeHana^ Lophococcus^ and Aspido-proctus^ than to any others, although it does not possess so great avariety of either glands or spines in its derm as do these other genera,and there appears to be no tendency towards the development of theinternal pouch or marsupium, which is also found in the lattergenera.Besides the type, one other species, M. townsendi Cockerell, hasbeen proposed for inclusion in this genus, but this has already been
AHT. 12. MASKELi. GENERA OF COCCTDAE?MORRISOlsr. 7shown to have been placed on the basis of an antenna having twoterminal segments broken off, giving the appearance of 6-segmentedantennae, when in reality eight were originally present, and it has inconsequence been removed to Drosicha}Subfamily Margarodinae.Genus COELOSTOMIDIA Cockerell.Plate 1, fig. 2.Genotype.?Coelostoma zealandica Maskell.Reference.?FQvii?i\di, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 30.Coelostomidia is a new name proposed by Professor Cockerell as asubstitute for Coelostoma Maskell, the latter genus being preoccupied.The genus was first established under the latter name by Maskell in1880 with the single inlcluded species C. zealandicum, which thereforestands as the type.This species is at present represented in the Maskell collection byseven slides, one of " young insects from Muhlenbeckia, Dec. 1879,"one of " under side of female, 3d stage from Muhlenbeckia, Feb. 4,1880," one of " female 2d stage from Muhlenbeckia Feb. 7, 1880," oneof " female 2d stage 1889," one of " antenna of female, Apr. 1890,"one of " adult female, 1891," and one of " intermediate stage of male,1891," and by a number of unmounted specimens, including males,females, and a number of the tests of immature stages, all of the lat-ter bearing the Maskell No. 98.If the statement of the published original description to the effectthat it was read June 5, 1879, is correct, none of these specimens canbe considered as true type specimens of the species, but it does seemquite probable that the specimens on slides dated 1879-80 representindividuals from the same colony as those on which Maskell basedhis original description, and consequently will be satisfactory forredescriptive purposes.Adult female.?Elongate oval, broadest behind the middle; an-tennae 11-segmented, stout, tapering, the intermediate segments widerthan long ; legs normally developed, stout ; mouthparts wanting ; withtwo pairs of thoracic and seven pairs of large tubular abdominalspiracles, the later without the pore collar found in the intermediatestage, the posterior pair placed behind and at some distance from theanal ring ; derm thin and transparent, the setae relatively much morenumerous than the pores, in contrast to the condition in the secondstage, with only the multilocular disk type of pore present, and theseof only one sort, with a chitinized outer band, a circle of numerousloculi, and a cluster of unequally developed central loculi ; derm setae
? See Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 17, 1920, p. 157.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. OL. 60.
Fig. 2.?CoELosTOMiniA zbalandic.4. (Maskell). a. larva, pore, one type, X8-40;B. LARVA, PORE, SECOND TTPB, X 1500 ; C. LARVA, OUTLINE FROM BENEATH, X 57.5 ; D.LARVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 115 ; E. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, DERM SETA AND SPINB,X335 ; F. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 115 ; G. LARVA, THIRD TTPE OF PORE, IN TWO PLANES, X 1500 ;H. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, VENTRAL PORE, X 640 ; I. SAME STAGE, ANAL TUBE, X 57.5,WITH DETAILS, X 640 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, PORTION OF DERM, X 165, WITH DETAIL OF SKTAB,X335, AND OF PORES, X 1500 ; K. LARVA, ANAL TUBE, X 333 ; L. LARVA, POSTERIOR ABDO-MINAL SPIRACLE, X500; M. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ABDOMINAL SPIRACLE, X 165 ;N. SAME ST4GB, THORACIC SPIRACLE, X 165 ; O. LARVA, LATERAL ABDOMINAL SPIRACLU,X500; P. LARVA, THORACIC SPIRACLE, X 500 ; Q. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, MULTI-LOCULAR DISK PORE, TWO VIEWS, X 1500 ; R. ADULT FEAIALE, ANAL TUBE, X 57.5 ; S. ADULTFEMALE MIDDLE LEG, X 30 ; T. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X30; U. INTERMEDIATE STAGEFEMALE, DISK PORE, SECOND SORT, X 1500 ; V. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACLES, THORACIC TOLEFT, ABDOMINAL TO RIGHT, X 115 ; W. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 115 5X. SAME STAGE, SMALL SIMPLE PORE, TWO VIEWS, X 1500 ; Y. SAME STAGE, MIDDLE LEG,X115; Z. SAME STAGE, THIKD SORT OF DISK PORE, X 1500.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCmAE MORRISON. 9
of two types, quite similar in appearance, the size varying onlyslightly, with the notable exception that a little behind the antennaeventrally is a pair of long slender setae, perhaps 6-8 times the lengthof the adjacent derm setae ; anal tube, as represented in the precedingstages, present only as a short, somewhat chitinized simple tube ta-pering anteriorly ; no ventral cicatrices observed.Intermediate stage female.?Shape nearly globular ; antennae veryshort and stout, conical, apex rounded, composed of nine segments;legs much reduced, stout, tapering, the tarsal claw normally witha minute denticle, the trochanter, though greatly reduced, presentand bearing a seta nearly as long as the remainder of the leg ; mentumapparently two-segmented, not with three ; with two pairs of thoracicand seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, each with the inner endinvaginated and with a collar of pores, two deep, around it, posteriorabdominal pair set very close to the anal opening, the openings ofthe thoracic and abdominal spiracles approximately the same size,but the former with a long chitinous bar attached; derm ratherthickly set with pores, all circular, including small clear pores sur-rounded by a chitinized ring, multilocular disk pores, varying some-what in size, shape, and internal composition, as shown in figures,and relatively much larger simple clear disks surrounded by a chiti-nous ring, the first two types numerous but scattered over both sur-faces of the body, the third type placed in more or less evident trans-verse rows ventrally and laterally ; derm with fairly numerous, small,slender setae both dorsally and ventrally, these mostly larger andstouter in the chitinized area surrounding the anal opening; analtube opening in a large, roughly circular, chitinized area at the pos-terior apex of the body, long, heavily chitinized, the opening sur-rounded by a slight chitinous ring and immediately within this aband of heavily chitinized short-tubular pores, immediately belowthis a band with numerous pores presenting a sievelike appearance,below this a band of large, irregularly circular pores of indeterminatestructure, then a tube of plain chitin, and finally at the inner enda band of heavy, irregular-shaped, multifaceted wax secreting plates
;
without traces of the ventral cicatrices of the larva, unless the numer-ous, large, circular ventral disk pores, already described, are deriva-tives of these larval structures.Larva.?Body somewhat elongate oval; antennae well developed,compact, and stout, the apical segment much the largest, but notconspicuously so, 6-segmented; legs normal, the claw with a largedenticle, and a pair of slightly knobbed digitules that surpass thetip ; with 7 pairs of large abdominal spiracles and two pairs of differ-ently shaped thoracic spiracles; body, both dorsally and ventrally,with numerous circular, heavy disk gland pores, the central loculiof which vary in number from 3-6 ; derm with rather numerous small3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.eO 29
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. tol. 60.
slender setae, each set in a collar ; anal tube distinctly chitinized, theend with a double collar of pores ; apex of abdomen with a single pairof long differentiated setae, these perhaps a fourth the length ofthe body; with three rather large, circular, ventral cicatrices, themedian slightly larger than the laterals.Cotype.?Cdii. No. 24755, U. S. N. M.Besides the slides already listed the Maskell collection containsone other, marked " from E. Eaithby, Reefton, 1891," an adultfemale which appears to be identical with the adults of C. zealandi-cum^ except that it has a small thickening or tubercle between theanterior legs that strongly resembles a much reduced mentum. Thatthis might easily be such a structure is shown by some recently pub-lished observations on the variability in the extent of the developmentof the mouth parts in certain related species.Of the four other species left in this genus, according to thearrangement in the Fernald Catalogue, C. assimilis (Maskell) hasbeen made the type of a subgenus, and will be discussed next. C.ivairoensis (Maskell) is known only from the male, and a com-parison of this male with that of the type indicates that its assign-ment to the genus is questionable, particularly in view of the greatincrease in the number of the tarsal digitules, as many as 24 beingpresent on each tarsus, according to Maskell. An examination ofthe type slides of C. coTnpressa (Maskell) shows that its placing inthis genus is likewise questionable; the larval antennae are 7-seg-mented and of a different type from those of G. zealandica; themultilocular disk pores of the immature stages are of a very differentsort from any found in the genotype ; the anal tube is wanting in theintermediate stage of the female, and the antennae of the adultfemale are 10-segmented, to mention some of the more conspicuousdifferences. A similar uncertainty is evident with regard to theremaining species, G. pilosam, and the following generic diagnosishas therefore been limited quite closely to the characters exhibitedby the type species of the genus.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF COELOSTOMIDIA.Coccids of the Monophelbine-Margarodine series; adult femaleelongate oval, secreting a mass of cottony substance at oviposition,antennae stout, 11-segmented ; legs normal; mouth parts wanting;with two pairs of differentiated thoracic and seven pairs of largesimple abdominal spiracles; derm with a single type of multiloculardisk pore and two types of slender setae, all abundant; anal tubeshort, simple; ventral cicatrices wanting; intermediate stage femaleglobular, enclosed in a heavy protective cell ; antennae and legs muchreduced; mouth parts present and functional; with seven pairs of
ABT. 12. MASKEUL, GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 11abdominal and two pairs of thoracic spiracles, all with collars ofwax pores; derm with numerous multilocular disk pores, variable indetail, small simple pores, and large circular disk simple poresventrally, these probably the ventral cicatrices; with one type ofsmall, slender setae; anal tube large and long, with three collars ofsecreting pores of different types; larva elongate oval, antennaenormal, 6-segmented ; legs normal ; spiracles rather large, with samenumber as in other stages, each without pore collar, but with one ortwo pores; anal tube small, with double pore collar; derm withrather numerous multilocular disk pores, varying in details, and withsmaller circular simple pores; derm setae simple, slender, rathernumerous; with a single pair of long differentiated posterior setae
y
with three ventral cicatrices in transverse curved row; adult malewith 10-segmented antennae set on prominent tubercles, the hairsnot arranged in definite whorls; head with a prominent lamina be-tween antennae; abdomen without caudal or lateral tassels, thesheath of the penis long conical, tapering almost to a point.Genus ULTRACOELOSTOMA Cockerell.Genotype.?Goelostoma assimile Maskell.Reference.?Cockerell, The Entomologist, vol. 35, 1902, pp. 114,258.This was established by Professor Cockerell with the single in-cluded species on the basis of the stated absence of legs in the adultfemale. No other species have been added subsequent to its estab-lishment.The type species is represented in the Maskell collection by fiveslides, one of " larva, Feb. 4, 1890," one of " 2nd Stage female, Sept.1889," one of " antenna of 2nd stage female, Feb. 4, 1890," one of" adult female, Apr. 2, 1890," and one of " adult female, 1891."Adult female.?Nearly globular; antennae much reduced, shortand stout, composed of five segments; legs present, but much reducedyeach appearing as a stout triangle with claw at apex; mouth partswanting; with two pairs of thoracic spiracles, each with a longchitinized bar, and with seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, each withlarge opening, nearly as large as that of thoracic spiracles, simplCythe posterior pair placed quite close to the anal tube; derm withnumerous multilocular disk pores of one type, but varying in details,the centers circular to trilocular; derm with numerous rather largebut delicate setae, many of which appear swollen just at base; analopening a simple ring joined by a simple chitinized tube ; no ventralcicatrices observed.Intermediate stage female.?Nearly globular, somewhat moreheavily chitinized than is the adult; antennae smaller and stouterthan in adult, 5-segmented ; legs present but even more reduced than
12 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. VOL. 60.
are those of adult ; mentum long triangular, apparently 2-segmented
;
with two pairs of thoracic and seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, theformer with chitinous bar as in adult, all with one or two pores, the
FlO. 3. ULTRACOai.OSTOMA ASSIMILB (MASKKLL). A. LARVA, OUTLINE FROM BENEATH,X 57.5 ; B. SAME, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 165 ; C. LARVA, LEG, X 220 ; D. UiRVA, VENTRAL DERMBETWEEN LEGS, X 336, WITH DETAIL OF PORE, X 640 ; B. LARVA, ABDOMINAL SPIRACLB,X600; F. LARVA, THORACIC SPIRACLE, X 500 ; G. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, LEG, X 335 ;H. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 220 ; I. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, PORTION OF DERM BETWEENHIND LEGS, XS3B; J. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL TUBE, X 165 ; K. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE,ANTENNA, X 385 ; L. ADDLT FEMALE, PORTION OF DERM, X 165, WITH DETAIL OF PORE, X 640 ;M. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 165 ; N. ADULT FEMAL3, MIDDLBLBG, X440; O. SAME, ANTENNA, X 165 ; P. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, THORACICSPIRACLB, X500; Q. SAME, ABDOMINAL SPIRACLE, X 500 ; R. ADULT FEMALE, ABDOMINALSPIRACLB, Xl65; S. SAME, THORACIC SPIRACLE, X 165.posterior abdominal pair much enlarged and placed close to the open-ing of the anal tube; derm with numerous large circular clear pores,
.small circular clear pores, quadri or trilocular center pores, and multi-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCrDAE MORRISON. 13locular disk pores with simple centers ; derm with a few fairly short,stout setae, the circular chitinized disk at apex of abdomen bearing apair of large setae, and a number of smaller threadlike setae;anal tube large and stout, bearing a single circle of clear pores a littlenearer inner than outer end, and a band of irregular wax plate poresabout three deep at inner end ; no ventral cicatrices observed.Larva.?Oval, somewhat narowed behind; antennae 6-segmented,short and stout, the club not especially conspicuous; legs normal,but rather short and stout, claw with denticle and slender somewhatknobbed digitules; mentum long triangular, 2-segmented; with twopairs of thoracic spiracles, with chitinous bar attached, and presum-ably with seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, these much smallerand simple; derm with rather numerous disk pores with the loculivarying from two to four, and with fewer clear pores ; derm setae notnumerous, fairly large, but slender; posterior apex of body with acircular chitinized area bearing a pair of long apical setae, a numberof long slender, thread-like setae, slightly knobbed at tips, and anumber of clear pores; anal tube well developed, opening in themiddle of this chitinous area, long, striate longitudinally, with asingle circle of cylindrical pores nearer inner end than outer, and adouble collar of wax pores at inner end.If it were not for Maskell's extended description of the habits andappearance of the adult of this insect, there would be some doubt asto whether the stage described by him was really adult. As wasnoted in the body of the description, the legs, although greatly re-duced, are present in both of the late stages of the female examined,and the genus is therefore based on a morphological inaccuracy. Thepractical loss of the legs, together with some other structural modi-fications, seems to give sufficient grounds for the retention of thegenus as a valid zoological unit. In this connection, mention may bemade of a Japanese species, Xylococcus alni Oguma {not X. alniFlorence), recently described in detail by Oguma,* which is said tohave the legs entirely wanting and the antennae reduced to one-segmented stubs in the adult female, and which may prove on com-parative study to be related to U. asshnile (Maskell).The generic diagnosis following is based wholly on the typespecies. GENEEIC DIAGNOSIS OF rLTRACOELOSTOMA.Coccids belonging to the Monophlebine-Margarodine series; adultfemale enclosed in a heavy test placed in the twig axils of the host;nearly globular, antennae and legs very much reduced, the first5-segmented; mouth parts wanting; with 7 pairs of abdominal andtwo pairs of differentiated thoracic spiracles, all without pores;
* Jour. Col. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Sapporo, Japan, toI. 8, pt. 3, Mar. 1919, pp.77-109.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60.derm with one type of multilocular disk pore and simple slendersetae; anal opening a short simple tube; ventral cicatrices want-ing; intermediate stage female nearly globular with apex of ab-domen chitinized; antennae and legs reduced as in adult; nientumlong triangular, 2-segmented; derai with bi- to quadrilocular diskpores, large and small clear circular pores, these ventrally at least,and comparatively few slender setae; with spiracles as in adult,J3ut each with one or two pores; anal tube long and stout, withmedian and interior rows of pores; chitinized apical area bearingthreadlike setae, one pair of large setae and the posterior spiraclesin addition to the anal tube ; no ventral cicatrices ; larva oval ; an-tennae short and stout, 6-segmented; legs stout, normal, claw withdenticle and digitules; mentum as in intermediate stage; spiraclesas in preceding stages, but simple; derm with bi- to quadriloculardisk pores and simple pores, and with some slender setae; apex ofabdomen chitinized, this area bearing threadlike setae, one pairof long apical setae, and some pores ; anal opening in center of this
;
anal tube long and stout, with pores as in intermediate stage butless developed; no ventral cicatrices.The present confusion among the genera in this group is so greatthat it is practically impossible to place this genus with any degreeof certainty. Except for the reduction of the legs and antennaeand the failure of the adult to become active at maturity, otherstructural characters and habit indicate a closer relationship toXylococcus than to any other genus at present known to the writers.Subfamily Phenacoleachiinae.Genus PHENACOLEACHIA Cockerell.Plate 1, fig. 3.Genotype.?Leachia zealandica Maskell.Reference.?F^rnsild, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 38.This is another one of Professor Cockerell's genera based on asingle species. It is represented in the Maskell collection by eightslides, one of " larva, 1889," one of " adult female, 1889," one of
"antenna of female, 1889," one of "foot of female, 1889," one of
" adult male, 1889," one of " semi-apterous male, 1890," and two of
" adult female," one marked " Capleston, 1891, R. W. Raithby."As the species has been described in detail by Maskell, the follow-ing descriptive notes may be regarded as supplemental to his work.Adult female.?Elongate, the ends of the body tapering androunded; antennae with a single stout sickle-shaped seta on a num-ber of the terminal segments besides the pair on the apical one ; legswith the chitinous attachment piece very long and slender, claws
AET. 12. MASKELL GENEEA OF COCCEDAE MORRISON. 15
with a pair of digitules, one short and flat, the other threadlike,knobbed at tip ; tarsal digitules not differentiated, claw with denticlenear apex; anal ring with a single interior band of more heavilychitinized pores, surrounded by a band, several pores deep, of more
Fig. *.
?
Phenacolbachia zealandica (Maskell). A. larva, outline, dorsal, Xbs; B.LAKVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 115 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, HEAVY CLEAR PORE, X 1500 ; D. SAMESTAGE, MULTILOCULAR DISK PORE, X 1500 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, DETAIL OF CLAW, X 165 ; V,ADULT FEMALE, LEO, X 57.5 ; G. ABULT FEMALE, TRIANGULAR PORE, X 1500 ; H. SAME, ANALRING, Xll5; I. SAME, EVAGINATED STRUCTURE, X 1500 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, GROUP OF SETAEAND EVAGINATED STEUCTUEBS ON CHITINIZED BASE, X 115 ; K. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 115 ;Li. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 115 ; M. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 57.5.lightly chitinized circular pores, and within this band a set of sixlarge anal ring setae ; without the smaller hairs described by Maskell
;
derm dorsally with three types of gland pores, and some peculiarevaginated structures possibly representing a fourth type, these three
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. yol. 60,large, heavily chitinized, simple, clear pores, multilocular disk poressimilar in appearance to those found in Pseudococcus^ triangularpores, similar in appearance to those of Pseudococcus under lowmagnification, but showing three additional, smaller, loculi whengreatly enlarged, and finally the evaginated cylindrical tubes, con-stricted and with a very muoh smaller finger-like prolongationof the apex, these last grouped with the large submarginal setae;derm both dorsally and ventrally with numerous setae, varyinggreatly in size, and in the abdominal region, at least,, arranged intransverse segmental bands, with a much larger seta on each margin,then setae not quite so large, in transverse groups of about three orfour placed just within the margin and united hy a small chitinizedpatch, and finally slightly smaller setae singly to the number of twoor three on each half of each segment; mentum distinctly 3-seg-mented, but the two basal segments not so conspicuously separatedas indicated by Maskell's figure.Intermediate stages.?None available for study; apparently un-known.Larva.?Elongate, tapering at ends; antennae T-segmented withtwo curved setae on apical segment and one on preapical ; legs ratherstout, claw with denticle and two digitules; tarsal digitules notdifferentiated ; mentum 3-segmented ; anal ring and setae much as inadult; long marginal and dorsal setae present as in adult, but thelatter less numerous ; these accompanied by the tiny tubular protuber-erances of the adult ; dorsum, so far as can be determined, only withtriangular pores ; venter, so far as can be determined, only with mul-tilocular disk pores.Male adult.?While the eyes of this stage are aggregated into twolinear groups, as described and figured by Maskell, there seems to besome doubt as to the propriety of characterizing them as compound
;
from the specimens available, little or nothing can be added toMaskell's description of this stage.This very peculiar species has no near relatives, so far as the writersare aware, and in spite of a careful study of the limited materialavailable, it has not been possible to link it definitely with any of thelarger groups now known to exist in the family. There is much inthe general appearance, the kinds of pores, the development and char-acter of the anal ring, and the development of what may be termedpseudo-cerarii, in that they serve as supports for lateral tassels, tosuggest a relationship with the Pseudococcus group of genera. Thenumber of antennal segments, the absence of dorsal ostioles, and theabsence of definite cerarii seem to be sufficient to eliminate any closerelationship with the mealy-bugs, however. Similarly, the numberof antennal segments, the dense hairiness of these, as well as of the
i
ABT. 12. MASKEUL, GENERA OF COCCroAE MORRISON. ITlegs and body, the absence of differentiated tarsal digitules and thedevelopment of the large circular clear pores would seem to indicatesome connection with the Monophlebine-Margarodine series of gen-era, but here again, the presence of the anal ring with setae and poresand the absence of abdominal spiracles, are sufficient to eliminateclose relationship with this group as well. It has therefore beennecessarj^ to continue to consider this single species and genus as thesole representative of a distinct subfamily in the Coccidae, for whichthe following generic diagnosis has been prepared.GKNEKIC DIAGNOSIS OF PHENACOLEACHIA.Coccids of uncertain relationships, probably representing a dis-tinct subfamily; adult female elongate oval, tapering at ends, cov-ered with secretion and with lateral abdominal tassels in life;antennae 11-segmented, with numerous setae and, relatively, spines;legs well developed, with numerous small setae, tarsal claw withdenticle and two differentiated digitules; tarsal digitules not dif-ferentiated from other setae; mentum 3-segmented; anal ring cir-cular, with six large setae and a broad band of pores; derm poresof three types, triangular, with three large and three small loculi,multilocular disk, and larger heavy clear disk; with small cylin-drical projections with apical nipple, in clusters, especially sub-marginally ; body setae numerous, slender, varying greatly in size,with a few larger hairs grouped transversely; intermediate stagesnot known ; larva elongate oval, tapering before and behind ; anten-nae T-segmented, the terminal segments with differentiated spines,all with numerous setae; legs rather short and stout, the claw anddigitules as in adult; mentum 3-segmented; anal ring as in adult,but less developed; derm pores fewer, but much as in adult; setaeas in adult, except less numerous; adult male with 10-segmentedantennae, eight ocelli on each side, arranged in a curved continuousrow ; legs long and slender, tarsal claw nearly straight, with denticleand digitules as in female; penis sheath long-conical, rounded; apexof abdomen with a large circular group of multilocular disk poreson each side of penis, and in center of these about 4 long, slendersetae. Subfamily Daclylopiinae.Genus FRENCHIA Maskell.Plate 1, fig. 4.Genotype.?Frenchia casurinae Maskell.Beference.?Fevnsdd, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 39.This genus was originally described with one included species,which therefore stands as the type. Maskell later added another
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE oSTATIOlSrAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60.
species, but these two are all that have ever been placed in thegenus.The Maskell collection contains seven slides of the type species,one of " rostrum of female, 1890," one of " larva, 1891," one of " larvato show spinnerets, 1891," one of " cephalic surface of female, 1891,"one of " abdomen of female, 1891," one of " female 2nd stage, 1891,"and one of " adult female, 1891." Besides, there is a quantity ofunmounted material, including some galls split open to show thefemale in position, all under the No. 125. In addition, the National
Fig. 5.
?
Feenchia casuarinae Maskbll. A. labva, outline fbom above, showingPORES, ETC., XllB; B. THE SAME, SHOWING A DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF THE 8-SHAPKDPORES, XII5; C. "TAIL" OF ADULT FEMALE, X 7.5 ; D. THE SAME, DETAIL OF CHITINIZEDAPEX, WITH ANAL TUBE DOTTED IN, X 115 ; E. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, TIP OF ABDO-MEN, X335; F. THE SAME, OUTLINE OF BODY SHOWING SHAPE, X 12 ; G. ADULT FEMALE,QUINQDELOCDLAE DISK PORE, X 640 ; H. SAME, BODY SPINE, X 640 ; I. SAME, 8-SHAPB PORB,X640; J. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ANAL TUBE, X 640 ; K. ADULT FEMALE, TUBOLABDUCT, X640; L. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335 ; M. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA FROM SIDE, X 336 ;N. SAME, FROM ABOVE, X33B.Collection of Coccidae contains a quantity of material of this speciesfrom which supplementary mounts that have aided greatly in rede-scription have been made.Before proceeding to a description of the different stages of theinsect, the writers desire to call attention to the following importanterrors in Maskell's description: 1, the tubular gall or test whichMaskell describes as being excreted by the female is unquestionablywoody, and a product of the plant, not of the insect; 2, the secondstage as described by Maskell is in reality a first-stage larva aboutto molt; Maskell apparently failed to differentiate the real second
i
ABT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 19
stage and the adult female, both of which occur within the gall.The following descriptive notes are directly supplementary to Has-kell's extended description:Adult female.?Of a peculiar disk-like shape, with slender tail-like abdomen; derm clearing completely when boiled in potassiumhydroxide; antennae not wanting, but represented by minute cones,placed anterior to the strongly developed framework of the mouthparts; no traces of legs observed; derm with three types of glandpores, at least dorsally; with long, slender, tubular ducts angulatenear bottom, with large multilocular disk pores, these, so far asnoted, all quinquelocular, and with smaller, broad, somewhat obscure8-shaped gland pores set in the bottom of a short tube, all thesetypes more or less localized, but the arrangement not determinabledue to distortion of the body on mounting ; the first two types appear-ing very numerous and closely crowded before the development ofthe eggs, but much more widely scattered after the stretching of thederm due to egg development ; ventrally probably with only the tiny8-shaped pores, except for multilocular disk pores in the spiracularregion; derm setae small, fairly stout, scattered in the head andthoracic regions, becoming very much larger and arranged in trans-verse rows in the middle of the "tail" and then quite small andspiny at its apex ; gland pores apparently entirely lacking through-out most of the " tail " ; anal ring represented by a chitinized tubewithout setae, opening a short distance before the apex of the " tail "
;
the latter quite heavily chitinized.Interni'ediate stage feviale {not of Maskell's description).?Occur-ring, so far as noted, within the half-formed gall of the species;maximum length mounted on a slide about 2.6 mm. ; turbinate ortop-shaped, but somewhat flattened on the longitudinal vertical axis;antennae even more minute than in adult ; no trace of legs ; spiraclesshaped much as in adult ; mouthparts as in adult ; gland pores appar-ently of only two types, multilocular disk and minute 8-shaped setat the bottoms of small tubes, both as described for the adult, bothmuch less numerous than in that stage ; derm setae very few, small,scattered, except on the conical apex of the abdomen, where theyare more numerous and larger ; anal tube small, swollen in the middle,without setae.Larva.?Elongate oval, antennae apparently 6-segmented, the ter-minal segment with a long apical and another subapical seta, anda stout curved spine, the second segment from the last with a similarspine, the second segment with two long setae; legs rather slender,claw slender with tip strongly curved, no denticle, the two claw digi-tules exceeding the claw, the two tarsal digitules even longer, allthese slender, slightly knobbed at apex; apex of abdomen with two
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60long slender setae and between these a conical invaginated tube show-ing at the inner end a hairless anal ring; derm dorsally and alongthe margin with large and prominent 8-shaped pores, each set atthe bottom of a short tube, and present in two different sorts ofarrangement, as shown in figure; no further evidence available toindicate whether such difference is connected with different sexes orwhat is responsible for it; spiracles small, each accompanied by asingle multilocular disk gland pore.One other species, F. semiocculta Maskell, has been placed in thisgenus. The mounts of this species in the Maskell collection are insuch condition that it is not possible to be certain regarding thecorrectness of this placing. It appears to have been properly as-signed to Frenchia.1 however, and may readily be separated from thetype species by the fact that the " tail " is much shorter, stouter, andsemicircularly rounded at apex.The following generic diagnosis is based principally on the typespecies, with such modifications as would seem to include the otherdescribed species. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF FRENCHIA.Asterolecanine coccids producing peculiar woody galls on or in thehost, the adult female disk-shaped, with a long tail-like prolongationof the apex of the abdomen, chitinized at tip ; antennae very muchreduced; legs wanting; mentum 1-segmented; anal ring developedinto a short tube and without setae ; derm with circular multiloculardisk pores, long tubular ducts, and minute 8-shaped pores; dermsetae few, small and scattered, larger and more numerous on theabdomen ; no traces of spiracular spines or thickenings around analring; intermediate stage female flattened turbinate; antennae verymuch reduced; legs wanting; only multilocular disk pores andminute 8-shaped gland pores present; otherwise much as in adult;larva elongate oval; antennae apparently 6-segmented; legs slender,digitules all normal, slender, knobbed, claw without deniicle; bodywith two long apical setae ; anal ring minute, without setae, placed atbottom of invaginated tube ; dorsum and sides of body with rows oflarge 8-shaped pores.As indicated in the generic description, this genus is placed with-out question in that group of genera containing Asterolecaniu'tn andothers, a position which has already been suggested by Mr. E. E.Green.^ The gall-making habit and the development of the long
" tail " are the only characters showing any connection with the so-called Brachyscelini while all of the morphological characters avail-able for study indicate a definite relationship with the Asterole-caninae.
? Cocc. Ceylon, pt. 4, 1909, p. 295.
ART. i:J. MASKELL genera of COCCIDAE MORRISON. 21Genus SOLENOCOCCUS Cockerell.Plate 1, fig. 5.Genotype.?Sol&nopfiora fagi Maskell.i?e/erewe.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 58.Maskell originally described this genus, using the preoccupiedname S0167102)hora ^ and including two species. Cockerell laterchanged the name to that given above, but the type does not appearto have been fixed until its publication in the Fernald Catalogue in1903.The type species is represented in the Maskell collection by threeslides, one of "larvae on Fagus menziesii, Sept., 1889," one of
" female 2nd stage, on FagiLS menziesii, Aug., 1889," one of " adultfemale on Fagus m?miesii, Aug., 1889," and by a few unmountedspecimens under No. 107. The National collection of Coccidae con-tains a portion of the type material, and additional mounts havebeen secured from it. The appearance and habit of the insect havebeen satisfactorily described and figured by Maskell.Adult female.?Body oval, somewhat tapering behind, with alarge lobe projecting out over the anal ring and lobes?; antennaeminute tubercles bearing about 5-6 setae, and possibly very obscurelysegmented ; legs entirely wanting ; without spiracular spines ; mentumshort triangular, perhaps obscurely 2-segmented; body with long-tubular ducts and 8-shaped and multilocular pores of two sizes,tubular ducts most abundant along margin of body, but also present,widely scattered, dorsally, 8-shaped pores quite variable in size,rarely appearing trilocular and all more or less deeply set into cups,the largest in a group on each half of the posterior body lobe, andjoined to these groups a continuous but irregular ventral band ofthese pores, varying considerably in size and several deep, runningclear around the body margin without interruption, and finally withnumbers of these same pores, mostly quite small, scattered over theventral surface or in more or less distinct rows on the abdomen ; withclusters of small, apparently quinquelocular disk pores accompany-ing each spiracle, these scattered among the submarginal 8-shapedpores for some distance opposite each spiracle ; also with minute cir-cular disk pores accompanying the band of 8-shaped pores, their in-ternal structure not determinable, but possibly tri- to quinquelocular
;
dorsally, near the posterior apex of the body, with two clusters ofsmall cribriform plates, each group composed of two to three separateplates ; body dorsally apparently without setae, ventrally, particularlyon the posterior lobe, with a few, small, stout setae ; anal ring small,
" The relative positions of the different structures as given in this description havebeen studied very carefully and are believed to be correct, but it has not been possibleto segregate dorsal and ventral structures absolutely from the material at hand.
99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. TOL. 60.with a single row of pores and six rather short setae ; anal lobes welldeveloped, but small, elongate, rather slender, tapering, with a stoutapical spine a little longer than the lobe, and three small stout setaeon the inner face of each ; anal ring surrounded by a simple, somewhatchitinized tube, continuous with the lobes, this produced dorsallyinto a median cauda, about as long as an anal lobe, tapering, and withthe apex rounded.
Fig. 6.?SoLENOCoccus fagi (Maskbll). A. laeva, ouoplinb, dorsal, Xiis; B. larva,8-SHAPBD POEE, X 640 ; C. LARVA, QUINQDKLOCDLAR PORB, X 640 ; D. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG,X335; E. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335 ; F. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 440 ; G. ADOLT FBMALB,SPIRACLB, X 640 ; H. ADDLT FEMALB, OUTLINE OF BODY SHOWING POSITION OF STRUCTURES,X30; I. ADULT FBMALB, DORSAL CRIBRIFORM PLATES, X 880 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA,X640; K. SAME, ANAL LOBBS AND RING, SHOWING TERMINAL SETA AND DORSAL TRIANGULARCAUDA, X335; L. SAME, BOOT SETA, X 1500 ; M-R. VARIOUS TYPES OF PORES FOUND ONBODY OF ADULT FEMALE, X 1500.InterTnediate stage female.? (from Maskell slide only) Appar-ently differing from the adult only in having the antennae a littlemore developed, in having more 8-shaped pores, occurring dorsallyas well as ventrally, and in lacking the cribriform plates.Larva.? (Maskell slide only) Oval, legs and antenna normallydeveloped, the latter 6-segmented, body with a marginal row oflarge, 8-shaped pores set at the bottoms of short tubes and doubledup, each in the abdominal region accompanied by a quinqueloculardisk pore, also with a dorsal median double row of the same 8-shapedpores, these diverging anteriorly and becoming much reduced in size
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 23on the posterior abdominal segments, and between the median andmarginal rows with still another row of smaller pores on each sideof the body ; anal lobes present, with a long terminal seta, two smallspines and two setae on each ; anal ring with pores and six setae -,Cauda present, rounded ; no body spines noted ; mentum 2-segmented,with indications of a second joint close to the base.Cotype.?C^t. No. 24756, U. S. N. M.There are 10 species besides the type that are included in thisgenus at present. No careful study of all of them has been possible,but from such notes as have been made, it seems probable that theirinclusion in this genus is correct.The following generic diagnosis has been based primarily on thetype species, but should also cover other species which may properlybe included with it.GENEKIC DIAGNOSIS OF SOLENOCOCCUS.Asterolecanine coccids forming a horny or tough waxy test usu-ally with a posterior tube or spout; adult female membranous, an-tennae reduced to tubercles; legs wanting; without spiracularspines, with dorsal cribriform plates, with well developed anal tuber-cles, with a median cauda above the anal ring, the latter with poresand six setae, derm setae relatively few and inconspicuous ; derm withnumerous 8-shaped pores, sometimes more or less definitely ar-ranged, rather large quinquelocular pores and long tubular ducts,and finally minute clear or faintly multilocular pores; intermediatestage female quite similar to adult, but without cribriform plates;larva with 6-segmented antennae, normal legs, 8-shaped pores inlongitudinal rows both dorsally and laterally, some large quinque-locular disk pores, well developed anal lobes, setae, a median cauda,and an anal ring with pores and six setae.This genus appears to have a distinct and valid place within itssubfamily, in so far as the character of the included species is con-cerned. The writers have had no opportunity to study the typeof Comstock's genus Gerococcus^ and are therefore unable to verifyGreen's indication that Solenococcus is a synonym of this genus,although from an examination of the available literature his con-clusions appear to have been correct.^Subgenus Thekes Maskell.Plate 2, fig. 1.Genotype.?Eriococcus eucalypti Maskell.Reference.?F^rndildi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 70, 74.As Mr. Crawford's only connection with the name given above wasto place it as a label on some of the specimens in his collection, it
T See Green, Cocc. Ceylon, pt. 4, 1909, p. 305.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60.54seems to the writers impossible to justify the crediting of this genericname to him. In view of Maskell's statement that E. eucalypti bythe characters of its sac and of its dorsal conical spines, belongs tothat section of the genus of which the New Zealand E . multispmosusmay be taken as the type," it would seem to follow that if Maskellis to be credited with the authorship of the subgenus, then this latterspecies should be taken as the type. Actually the first definite state-
FIO 7?ERIOCOCCUS (THEKES) EUCALYPTI MASKBLL. A. LARVA, LEO, X 440 ; B. LARVA''T.iNrxr; C. 1.CL. .KMALE, TUBULAR OUCT ^^ --.-?- ^^ O^Js S^t X^D ADULT FEMALB, HIND LEG, X 165 ; E. SAME. ANTENNA. X 165 , F. ?^^^^' Jj'^'^"''/" . rFROM B^DX, X640; G. LARVA, ANAL LOBBS, X 440 ; H. LARVA, BODY ^^^^'J?^^^ ' ^ "^^^^ -IdULT female, anal plates, X220; J. LARVA, OUTLINE FROM ABOVE, Xie5 K. ADULTtaUALE. QUINQUELOCULAR DISK PORE, X 1500 ; L. SAME, TUBULAR DUCT, X 1000.ment concerning the use of the name Th^kes to designate a grouphigher than a species is that of Professor Cockerell,? as follows:
"(2) Rhizococcus (?) devonenisis Green, Ent. Record, 1896, p. 260. ishould certainly prefer to call this EHococcus <Uvomensis. We al-ready know several species of EHococcus with 7-jointed antennae^;the subgeneric name Thehes Crawford ms. is available for them^As this statement stands, it certainly implies the desi.gnation of A^
8 American Naturalist, vol. 31. 1807, p. oS9.
ART. 11!. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 25devoniensis (Green) as the type of TJiskes. Finally the FernaldCatalogue definitely assigns the subgenus Thekes to Maskell andplaces eucalypti as the type. The confusion outlined above repre-sents a condition which the writers do not desire to comment on atpresent, and they have therefore followed the assignment of the typeas given in the Fernald Catalogue, as well as its designation of theauthorship of the genus.The type species is represented in the Maskell collection by fourslides, one of "adult female (Australia), 1891," one of "details offemale (Australia) , 1891," one of " larvae (Australia) , 1891," and oneof " male pupa in sac (Australia) , 1891." In addition there are threeseparate lots of unmounted material, all bearing No. 205 as the onlydata connected with them, of which two seem to be E. eucalypti^ whilethe third represents some other species of the genus Eriococcus^ whichwe have not attempted to place.Adult female.?Sac and external appearance much as described byMaskell ; a brownish color given off by the body when treated withDotassium hydroxide ; antennae of normal eriococcine form, usually 7,rarely 8-segmented ; legs of normal eriococcine form, hind coxae withnumerous pores, mostly on the basal half; spiracles small, not un-usual ; mentum very short and stout, apparently 1-segmented ; dermwith numerous small, long-tubular ducts with cup-shaped bases andthreadlike continuation, both dorsally and ventrally, some, near theposterior apex and apparently ventral, with flat heavy bases and thethreadlike continuation seemingly wanting ; ventrally anterior to theanal lobes with transverse bands of tiny disk pores, apparently quin-quelocular; no pores accompanying the spiracles; derm ventrallywith small setae in transverse rows in abdominal region, scattered inthoracic region; dorsally and laterally with numerous very short,conical spines, these approximately uniform in diameter of base,mostly of a peculiar nipple-like shape, tending to become longer andstouter at the margins near the posterior end; anal lobes broad andstout, heavily chitinized in decided contrast to the transparent derm,the inner face strongly notched where two of the spines attach, bear-ing these two stout spines on the inner upper face, one basal, oneabout the middle, and a third sub-basally and dorsally, a longapical seta, a smaller subapical, and a still smaller basal seta ven-trally; anal ring small, of normal eriococcine type, with eight setaeand a double row of pores, the inner row smaller and incomplete.Intermediate stage.?Not available for study.Larva.?Oval, antennae 6-segmented, legs normal, digitules longand slender, slightly knobbed, claw with denticle close to apex ; dermdorsally, at least at end of abdomen, with a longitudinal row oftrilocular pores on each side near margin, and with long-tubular3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.ea 30
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. 60.ducts alternating with the marginal spines ; margin of body with acontinuous series of stout conical spines, each constricted beyond themiddle, dorsally with a submarginal row of smaller spines parallel-ing the margin, and in the mid-thoracic region about three pairs ofsimilar spines; ventrally with a few slender setae; anal lobes notprominent, mostly invaginated into the posterior apex of the body,broadest behind the middle, dorsally with a stout spine at base, an-other near middle, and a third at outer angle, apically with a longseta about two-fifths the length of the body; ventrally with tworather large setae on the inner face; anal ring with pores and sixsetae, these about half as long as the anal lobe setae.Cotyve.?Q^t. No. 24757, U.S.N.M.The following generic description has been prepared from thepreceding
:
GENEEIC DIAGNOSIS OF THEKES.Eriococcine forms, adult female enclosed in a sac with posterioropening; body oval, convex, narrowed behind; antennae 7-8-seg-mented; legs normal, digitules slender, slightly knobbed, claw withdenticle, hind coxae with pores; derm with numerous tubular ductswith cup-shaped bases both dorsally and ventrally and with multi-locular disk pores ventrally in abdominal region; dorsally and atmargins with numerous very short-conical, nipplelike spines, someof these near posterior end of body more elongate; ventrally withsetae in transverse rows ; anal lobes well developed, but rather shortand broad, each bearing three stout dorsal spines and two ventralsatae in addition to the long apical seta; anal ring with pores andeight setae; young larva oval, with 6-segmented antennae, normallegs, stout marginal and dorsal spines, trilocular pores and tubularducts; anal lobes with spines and setae as in adult, anal ring withsix setae.The writers consider it very doubtful if tliis subgenus has anyvalid standing, and at present regard it as representing nothing morethan a possible key or table section within the genus Eriococcuswhich may break down entirely when the species of that genus arebetter known. Genus CYLINDROCOCCUS Maskell.Plate 2, fig. 2.Genotype.?Cylindroeoccus casuarinae Maskell.Reference.?Y^viidiU, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 84.Maskell established this genus with two included species, and th(first definite designation of type appears to have been made in theFernald Catalogue, as referred to above.The type species of this genus is represented in the Maskell collec-tion by three slides, one of " larvae, 1891," one of " adult female,
AET. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 271891 " ; one of " feet of female, 1891 " ; and by one unmounted femaleand two galls under No. 226. The National collection of Coccidaefortunately contains a few lots of this species, received fromvarious entomologists in Australia, and from these it has been pos-sible to prepare additional mounts for study. The following descrip-tions have been obtained from all the material available ; as Maskell'sdescription and figures of the gall seem quite satisfactory nothing isadded on this.Adult female.?Elongate, parallel-sided; derm clearing on boilingin potassium hydroxide, except the posterior lobe of the body, thisremaining somewhat chitinized ; antennae acute conical, the segmen-
FlQ. 8. CyLINDBOCOCCDS CASUARINAE MASKKLL. a. larva, outline, XllS; B. LARVA,MIDDLE LEG, X 335 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL RING AREA, X 115 ; D. ADULT FEMALE, OUT-LINE FROM ABOVE, X 17.5 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, DISK PORE, TWO VIEWS, X 640 ; F. ADULTFEMALE, TIP OF MIDDLE LEG, X 115 ; G. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335 ; H. ADULT FEMALE, AN-TERIOR LEG, X115; I. LARVA, APEX OP ABDOMEN, X 335 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 115.tation incomplete, but perhaps 5-segmented; with two small, incon-sj^icuous eye-spots near the antennae; anterior legs stout, fingerlike,the tibio-tarsal articulation very incompletely indicated, the tro-chanter apparently fused with the femur; intermediate legs repre-sented by large evaginated pouches or sacs at the apex of which aresmall, somewhat chitinized plates, each bearing the rudiments of aclaw, digitules and some setae ; posterior legs represented by smallerlobes with the apices even less developed than in the intermediatepair; the prominence of these sacs apparently varying inversely inproportion to the extent of the distension of the body through ovariandevelopment; mentum apparently 1-segmented, the additional seg-
2S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. 60.ment described by Maskell not lorated, very short and stout triangu-lar; spiracles not a* companied by any circular multilocular pores;anal lobes entirely lacking, their presenice indicated only by twopairs of short spines, each pair accompanied by a slender seta, andeach set diagonally behind the anal ring; anal ring simple, but ap-parently bearing two setae, placed close together just outside of thering proper, and morphologically the lower pair; posterior apex ofbody more heavily chitinized, forming a somewhat circular disk,bearing numerous long setae, and, in the center, the anal ring, thesetae arranged in two roughly circular irregular bands at the outside,in three transverse rows anterior to the anal ring, and in an irregularcircular cluster around the ring; the anterior body segments withsimilar setae along the margins, these in transverse rows on eachside in the abdominal segments, but irregularly scattered along themargins of the thoracic, and head segments, gradually averagingsmaller anteriority ; derm, so far as noted, with only a single type ofpore, this multilocular disk with 5-7 loculi, set at the bottom ofa short tube, fairly numerous, but scattered, over the whole anteriorportion of the body, less numerous on the chitinized apical disk, want-ing in the immediate vicinity of the anal ring, present both dorsallyand ventrally.Intermediate stage female.?Not known.Larva.? (The Maskell slides of this stage show the larva of C.spiniferus, not of casuarinae, but this fact modifies the descriptiongiven by him only in regard to the body spines.) Oval, somewhatnarrov/ed behind, antennae 5-segmented, not with six; legs normal;mentum apparently 1-segmented; body, at least in the abdominalregion, with five rows of large spines on each side, two dorsal, onemarginal, and two ventral, the spines in the latter smaller, all stoutand long, but pointed at apex ; the spines in spiniferus considerablylonger than in true casuarinae, flattened and incised at apices, notpointed; anal lobes well developed, each with a stout apical spineand a long apical seta, also bearing two smaller spines; anal ringapparently simple, with a chitinized flange above, beneath this twowidely separated short spines, and at the bottom two more shortspines set close to each other ; spines of head reduced to small, rela-tively slender setae.Three species besides the type have been placed in this genus. Thewriters have no information at present in regard to C. gracilis Fuller.As noted by Maskell when describing it, O. om/plior Maskell is verydifficult to separate from C . casuarinae. C. spinife^^ts Maskell showssome conspicuous differences from the type and is possibly not con-generic with it. In the adult of this species the body, legs, antennae,spiracles, and derm pores appear to be of the same general character
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 29
as those found in casuarinae. The derm bears stout spines as well asslender setae ; the posterior apex of the body is more chitinized andbears in the middle of its disk a pair of heavily chitinized plates,these together forming nearly a circle, and fused along their inneredges with the outer margins of each bearing 4-5 large stout spines;these plates obscuring the anal ring so that its structure can not bedetermined definitely, but apparently it is entirely without setae.In the larva only the differences in the body spines have been noted.In the following generic diagnosis an attempt has been made toinclude both species discussed above within the limits indicated.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF CYLINDROCOCCUS.Coccids forming woody galls, possibly Eriococcine, adult femalewith cylindrical body, membranous derm with posterior apex moreheavily chitinized in form of a more or less circular disk; antennaeshort-conical, indistinctly segmented, legs abnormal, much reducedor represented by evaginated pouches ; spiracles without multiloculardisk pores; mentum 1-segmented; anal lobes wanting, position indi-cated by grouped spines and setae or fan-shaped spined plates ; analring simjDle, setae much reduced in number or wanting; body withsetae or spines and setae, the setae long, rather stout, much moreabundant at apex of abdomen ; with only one type of derm pore, thesemultilocular, usually quinquelocular disk pores, set at bottom ofsmall tube; larva oval, tapering posteriorly, antennae 5-segmentedyset close together, legs normal, abdomen with rows of long, stoutsetae dorsally and ventrally; anal lobes well developed, ea li withan apical spine and seta ; anal ring simple, with some spines or setaeset close to it.The genus was not assigned to any higher coccid group by Maskellwhen he originally described it, but was placed by Cockerell in thetribe Eriococcini in his Tables for the Determination of the Generaof Coccidae.^ The writers have no further changes to suggest atpresent. Genus SPHAEROCOCCOPSIS Cockerell.Plate 2, fig. 3.Genotype.?Sphaerococcus infatipe?, Maskell.Reference.?F^rn^ldi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 85.This genus was established by Cockerell on the basis of the presenceof legs in the adult female, as contrasted with the condition inSphaerococcus; actually the two genera, as represented by tlie typespecies, are very remotely related, if at all. Only the single typespecies, with its variety, was known when the genus was established,and none have been added subsequently.
?Can. Bnt.. vol. 81. 1899, p. 277.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.The Maskell collection contains two slides of this species, both of
" adult female, 1892," and a strip of bark bearing a number of thetests of the insect. From the latter it has been possible to obtainmounts of the adult, cast skins believed to be of the second stagefemale, and very young larvae, and the following description hasbeen prepared principally from these mounts. The unmounted ma-terial bears No. 294.Before proceeding further it may be well to note that the previousgeneric characterization is fundamentally wrong, in that the typespecies possesses a well developed anal ring bearing six large and afew smaller setae.Adult female.?Test and body about as figured and described byMaskell; antennae reduced, of 6 segments; with three pairs of legs,the two anterior pairs reduced, about half the size of the posteriorpair, and appearing more or less deformed ; all legs with few setae,the tarsal claws short, the digitules apparently normal, slender,knobbed, but usually injured, posterior tibia and tarsus nearly asthick as femur; mentum apparently 1-segmented, no second segmentobserved, short and broad conical; spiracles not unusual; withoutanal lobes, these replaced by a group of large heavy spines, fringingthe dorsal area and standing above the anal ring, there being foursuch spines close together in the middle, then a large seta on eachside, then about four more large spines; the region around the analring and between it and the spines with numerous slender setae,mostly small, but varying in length ; anal ring medium in size, cir-cular, and very stout, set at the inner end of a short tube, with about10 setae, of which six are larger than the remainder, the ring itselfwith pores only in circles around the bases of these setae; no tracesof eyespots observed ; dorsum with a flattened circular area, borderedby stout spines, in a single row continuous with those above theanal ring posteriorly, but considerably smaller and several deep lat-erally and anteriorly, and also scattered over the dorsal area ante-riorly, this area crowded with " cells " of unknown function, but pos-sibly glandular, these circular to irregularly oval in shape, veryclose together in the center, somewhat more scattered around themargin, mostly appearing as small tubercles or hemispherical nod-ules, which are continued onto the sides in less completely developedform; only one type of definitely developed gland pore noted, thesequinquelocular disk pores, occurring in transverse bands ventrally;body with the stout spines already mentioned, these of two sorts,acutely tapering and pointed on the posterior portion of the body andmuch more bluntly pointed on the anterior portion ; in addition withonly slender, hairlike setae, varying considerably in size, a few scat-tered through the circular dorsal area, others occurring rather thicklyventrally, particularly in the abdominal region.
A?T. 1^. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCrDAE MORRISON. 31Intermediate stage female.?A cast skin, possibly of this stage butmore probably of the larva, shown in the figure.Lai'va.?Oval, tapering somewhat behind; antennae 5-segmented,legs normal but rather stout except the claw, this long and slender;with a marginal row of spines around the body, supplemented on theabdomen by a submarginal row of smaller spines and a medianpaired row on thorax and a second submarginal row on abdomen;dorsum of anterior part of body with numerous hemispherical tuber-cles, these continued onto the abdomen in a median paired row and
Fig. 9.
?
Sphabeococcopsis inflatipes (Maskell). A. larva, odtlink from above,X230; B. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335 ; C. ADULT FBMALB, QUINQDILOCDLAH PORB, X 840 ; D.ADULT FEMALE, PORTION OF ANTERIOR DORSAL DERM SHOVTINO SPINES, SETAE AND" POEKS," X185; E. CAST SKIN OF, POSSIBLY, SECOND STAGE FBMALB, BUT PROBABLTLAEVA, XB7.5; F. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 335 ; G. ADULT BTIMALK, FOEB LEG, X 115 ; H.ADULT FEMALE, ANAL RING AREA, WITH FRINGE OF SPINES ABOVE IT, X 115, WITH DETAILOF SPINB AND OF DERM, X 335 ; I. LARVA, MARGINAL SPINE, X 840 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, HINDLEO, XllS; K. SAME, ANTENNA, X 220.two submarginal rows on each side; anal ring small, circular, ap-parently with pores, but no setae observed.Cotype.?C2it. No. 24758, U. S. N. M.After an examination of Maskell's slides of the variety describedby him the writers are of the opinion that it is clearly a distinctspecies, the differences pointed out by Maskell in his description aswell as a number of others being quite pronounced. The genericdiagnosis which follows has been modified to include this species aswell.
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60.GENEKIC DIAQNOSIS OF SPHAEROCOCCOPSIS.
" Dactylopiine " coccids of the Fernald Catalogue, of uncertainlocation, possibly Eriococcine, but evidently not closely related to thePseudococcus group of genera; adult female secreting a firm, com-pact, waxy test, almost horny externally, with spongy inner layerand with circular median dorsal opening, the test more or less sunkenin a depression in the bark of the host ; adult female circular, like aflattened globule, with a circular to oval dorsal chitinized area; an-tennae more or less reduced ; all legs present, more or less abnormal,the posterior pair much larger than the others; mentum 1-segmented.anal lobes wanting, represented by a pair of long setae and a fringeof large tapering spines above the anal opening; anal ring stout andcircular, with setae, and with or without pores, these when presentin circles around the setae of the ring ; body with dorsal area bearingnumerous hemispherical nodules and surrounded by a circle of spines,also with numerous slender setae ventrally and laterally ; only a singletype of derm pore present, these quinquelocular disk pores; larvaoval, antennae 5-segmented, legs normal but stout, with rows of dorsaland lateral spines and numerous hemispherical nodules dorsally ; analring circular, without setae, and lobes not developed.Genus CALLOCOCCUS Ferris.Plate 2, fig. 4.Genotype.?ISfhaerococcus pulchellus Maskell.References.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 87.?Ferris, Can.Ent., vol. 50, Oct., 1918, p. 328.This genus has only recently been established by Ferris to includethe single type species. Except for what is believed to be the secondstage female, which is described here for tlie first time, the descrip-tions of Maskell and Ferris have covered the species rather thor-oughly, and the writers have noted only a few apparent discrepanciesin these descriptions.The Maskell collection includes three slides of the type species,one labeled " adult female, 1896," one " adult female, side view,1896," and one " late 2nd stage female, 1896," and a small amount ofunmounted material under No. 504, from which it has been possibleto otbain additional mounts of the different stages. It may be notedthat if the writers have coiTectly identified and described the inter-mediate stage female, then Maskell's " late 2nd. stage 9 " actuallyrepresents an early adult form.Adult female.?Somewhat elongate oval, sac-like; derm trans-parent except for a longitudinal median, dorsal, perforated, chitinizedband, continuing around both apices of the body onto the venter, and
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCLDAE MORRISON". 33supplemented in the middorsal region by two short additional bands,one on each side of and close to the median and paralleling it ; anten-nae reduced to minute unsegmented tubercles bearing 2-3 shortsetae; without any traces of legs; mentum apparently 1-segmented;spiracles not unusual ; with no traces of spiracular spines ; body bothdorsally and ventrally with scattered tubular ducts with cup-shapedbases and long slender terminal tubes, these more numerous near the
Fig. 10.
?
Callococcus pulchkllus (Maskbll). A. adui/t female, outline, X26.5; B.LARVA, OUTLINE, X 115 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL RING AND ADJACENT PORES AND SETAE,X335; D. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 335 ; E. INTERMEDIATE STAGEFEMALE, OUTLINE, X 57.5 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA FROM ABOVE, X 640 ; G. ADULTFEMALE, DETAIL OF DORSAL PORE BAND IN ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL REGION, X 115 ; H. INTER-MEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, MIDDLE LEG, X 335 ; I. SAME, CLAW, X 640 ; J. ADULT FEMALE,DISK PORE ADJACENT TO SPIRACLE; X 1500 ; K. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X640; L. ADULTFEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 335 ; M. ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT OF SORT FOUND IN HEAVTBAND, XlOOO; N. SAME, TYPE FOUND OVER THE BODY, X 1000 ; O. ADULT FEMALE, 8-SHAPBDPORE FOUND IN HEAVY BAND, TWO VIEWS, X 1500.median chitinous band; with the 8-shaped pores reduced to an irreg-ular double row running along the center of the chitinized band,and all set at the bottom of short tubercles ; with a single row of largetubular ducts, perhaps modifications of the first type mentioned,strongly swollen, with an inverted cup near the middle, and anotherlarge swollen portion beyond this terminating in a short cylindricalthread ; finally with a few quinquelocular disk pores in the vicinityof each spiracle; derm with only a very few widely separated, tiny,
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TOL. 60.
spine-like setae, these most frequent in the area surrounding the analring; anal ring a minute ovate chitinous ring placed beyond theposterior end of the recurved dorsal chitinized band, and so locatedventrally.Intermediate stage femaW^^ (not of Maskell)..?About 1 mm. long,elongate, slender, tapering and rounded at each end, the head morebroadly; antennae 5-6-segmented, semirudimentary ; broad andstout at base, and tapering strongly to a rounded point, the terminaltwo segments with some stout spines and setae; legs similarly re-duced, stout, claw stout, with two large teeth at base, to which thedigitules may possibly attach in perfect specimens, tarsal digitulesnormal, threadlike, apices slightly knobbed, not extending beyondthe apex of the claw; mentum apparently 1-segmented; spiraclesnot unusual, with a single quinquelocular disk pore immediatelyadjacent; with a few similar pores dorsally in the thoracic region;derm both dorsally and ventrally thickly set with small knoblikeprotuberances, these largest dorsally in the anterior portion of thebody, progressively decreasing in size to a finely granular conditionin the abdominal region ; derm with occasional little groups of stoutspines each set in a ringlike base on the head, these in more or less dis-tinct rows dorsally and ventrally on the remainder of the body, andsomewhat larger posteriorly; anal ring small, simple, located at theposterior end of the body, without traces of anal lobes.Larva.?Elongate oval, antennae with four stout segments, all bear-ing setae, and the last two with a short spine on each ; legs normal,the claw long and slender, both pairs of digitules long and slender,knobbed at apices, the tarsal attached well back from the apex andmuch longer than the claw digitules; body with a marginal row of24 large 8-shaped pores extending clear around the body; spiraclestiny, each bearing one quinquelocular pore ; apex of abdomen withouttraces of anal lobes, but with a pair of relatively large and stoutsetae, between these the minute, simple anal ring, and above this asmaller pair of setae ; each 8-shaped pore with a tiny seta above andbelow it, in addition with submedian rows of tiny setae both dorsallyand ventrally on each half of the body; the median caudal lobefigured by Ferris not discernible in the limited material availablefor study.Cotype.?Qnii. No. 24759, U.S.N.M.Both the second stage female and the young larvae were takenfrom a test which also enclosed an adult female. No species otherthan the type has been included in this genus, and in view of itspeculiarities it is quite probable that it will continue to stand alone.
?" Subsequent examination of various stages of related species suggests that the writershave possibly been mistaken in considering this as the second stage female, but nodefinite conclusion has been reached as to the stage it really represents.
ABT. rz. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCEDAE?MORRISON. 35The following generic diagnosis has been based on the precedingdescription. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF CALL0C0CCU8.Asterolecanine coccids with the adult female enclosed in a striatedwaxy test of peculiar form ; adult female an elongate oval sac with amedian dorsal chitinized stripe containing numerous pores and ducts
;
antennae reduced to tiny disks ; legs wanting ; mentum 1-segmentedspiracles not unusual; derm with minute 8-shaped pores at bottomsof short ducts, large tubular ducts with swollen inner ends, slendertubular ducts with cup-shaped bottoms and thread-like tube, andquinquelocular disk pores, with only the slender tubular ducts numer-ous; derm with a few small stout setae and no differentiated analsetae; anal lobes completely wanting, anal ring a minute ovate ringwithout setae ; intermediate stage female elongate, slender, tapering,antennae semirudimentary, 6-segmented, legs reduced, claw digitulesif present placed on teeth at base of claw, derm pores reduced to thequinquelocular type only, derm setae much as in adult, anal ringsimple, at apex of body ; larva elongate oval, with a marginal row of8-shaped pores and a single quinquelocular pore attached to eachspiracle, with small setae dorsally and ventrally in rows, antennaeshort and stout, 4-segmented, legs normal, digitules normal, anal ringsimple, without traces of anal lobes, but with a pair of larger andstouter anal setae.The writers at present incline to the belief that this genus will findits nearest known relative in the genus Frenchia, in spite of theoccurrence of a considerable number of divergences.Genus SPHAEROCOCCUS Maskell.Genotype.?ISphaerococcus casvurinae Maskell.Refererices.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 85.?Ferris, Can.i5nt., vol. 51, Nov., 1919, p. 249.This genus has just recently been redescribed and more correctlylocated by Ferris (1919), who has also called attention to some errorsin Maskell's description. As S. casuarinae was the only species in-cluded by Maskell at the time he established the genus, it remains thetype, and, as noted by Ferris, it is in aU probability the only speciesof all that have been placed in the genus Sphaerococous that canlegitimately remain under that name.The Maskell collection contains five slides of this species, all dated1891, one of larva, two of second stage female, and two of adultfemale. There is also a single gall of Cylindrococcus casuarinae^under No. 221, which is supposed to bear a specimen of S. casuaHnas,but the specimen is no longer present, and probably became detachedwhile tlie gall was still mounted on a pin.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TOL. 00.
Fig. 11.?SpHAEttococcus casdaeinab Maskbll. A. larva, middle leg, xsss; B. adultFEMALE, ANTENNA, X 500 ; C. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 500 ; D. LARVA, OUTLINE, X 115 ;E. ADULT FEMALE, DEEM SETA, X 1500 ; F. ADUI/T FEMALE, DERM PORE, X 1500 ; G. ADDLTFEMALE, ANAL RING, X 165 ; H. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ANTERIOR LEG, X 440 ; I.ADULT FEMALE, POSTERIOR SPIRACLE AND ADJACENT POE? PATCH, X 220 ; J. ADULT FEMALE,OUTLINE, X30; K. INTBRMEDIATH STAGE FEMALE, OUTLINE, X 67.5 ; L. ANTENNA OF INTSB-MEDIATB STAGE FBMALB, X 440 ; M. LARVA, ANTIKNA, X 335.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 37Only the Maskell slide mounts have been available for study, andas these have not proven entirely satisfactory the following descrip-tions haA^e been confined largely to notes on certain points.Adult fejnale.?This stage much as described by Maskell, exceptfor the anal ring, this having six short stout setae, as noted byFerris ; the multilocular pores of Maskell's description, so far as canbe noted, all trilocular, set at the bottom of short tubes, these appear-ing rifled as a gun barrel and their openings each surrounded by acircular chitinized plate; disk pores at the spiracular openings alsoapparently, but not certainly, trilocular; the exact character of thetwo glandular patches close to the posterior spiracles not determin-able, but apparently made up of large simple pores, each surroundedhj a chitinized circle and set in a polygonal area ; only one type ofbody seta noted, these rather short and fairly stout.Intermediate stage^ fetnale.?Differing from the adult, as noted byMaskell, in the smaller size, the presence of the legs, and in otherparticulars; both the tarsal and claw digitules present, not wantingas suggested by Maskell ; with six anal ring setae, not two, and thering set at the inner end of a tube as in the adult; body pores andsetae apparently much as in the adult, but without the glandularpatches behind the posterior spiracles as in the adult.Larva.?Quite as described and figured by Maskell and Ferris.With regard to the species placed in this genus by Maskell, anumber have already been removed to other genera, and for theremainder it is possible to confirm the suggestion made by Ferris indiscussing this genus, to the extent that none of the Maskell speciesnow referred to the genus are congeneric with the type species, al-though such peculiar and diverse forms are included under this namethat it is impossible to reassign them without extended study.The following generic diagnosis is given for the sake of complete-ness in this paper. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF SPHAEROCOCCUS.Pseudococcine forms having dorsal ostioles, adult female globular,naked, antennae rudimentary, legs wanting, posterior spiracles ac-companied by a large poriferous tract, anal ring set at the innerend of an invaginated tube, with pores and six setae, anal lobes want-ing, derm with only one type of seta, and with only trilocular pores
;
intermediate stage, female, similar to adult, but smaller, lacking theporiferous patches and with the legs present and the antenna^e moredeveloped ; larva long oval, with 6-segmented antennae, normal legs,anal ring with pores and six setae, anal lobes slightly produced, withone pair of cerarian spines, one slender, and a long apical seta oneach, and with some longitudinal rows of trilocular pores and slendersetae.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TOL. ?0,As is noted by Ferris, this genus is separable from Antonina Sig-noret (as represented by the American and some other species) only bythe retention of the legs in the stage preceding the adult, and by hav-ing the derm pores of the trilocular type only, all the species ofAntonina available for examination (six in all) having large multi-locular disk pores in addition to the triloculars.Genus EREMOCOCCUS Ferris.Plate 2, fig. 5.Genotype.?Syhaerococcus pirogaUis Maskell.References.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 87.?Ferris, Can.Ent., vol. 51, 1919, p. 252.This is another genus recently described by Ferris, and so char-acterized that but little needs to be added to the previous descriptions.It has been possible to make certain corrections and additions,notably with respect to the curious invaginated character of the an-tennae in the adult female. Only the type species has been placed inthis genus thus far.The Maskell collection contains six slides of this species, one labeled"2nd stage female, 1893," two labeled "adult female, 1893," andthree labeled " adult male, 1894," and a lot of material under MaskellNo. 364, including a numerous cluster of the galls of the species. Thefollowing descripti\^ notes have been prepared from this material.Adult female.?Enclosed in a pear-shaped gall as described byMaskell; body an oval sac, flattened above, with an oval, somewhatchitinized dorsal disk, corresponding to the flattened area, occupy-ing most of the dorsum and presenting a rather nodulose appearance
;
with a wide band, consisting of numerous scattered, long, slendersetae and large 8-shaped pores around the margin of this area, venterapparently without pores ; with a few scattered setae anteriorly, anda rather numerous cluster around the vaginal opening ; antennae ofpeculiar structure, the number of segments not exactly determin-able, consisting of a short evaginated tubercular collar, and a longinvaginated tube passing through the collar and far within, withabout 5-6 large, stout setae of varying lengths lying at the bottomand pointing up through the tube toward its opening, the longestfully half the length of the tube ; spiracles peculiar only in their lackof the multilocular disk pores that usually accompany these struc-tures; legs entirely lacking; internal framework of mouthparts, asnoted by Ferris, large and heavily chitinized; mentum apparentlyindistinctly 2-segmented; derm pores apparently only of the large8-shaped type already mentioned, none of the loculi indicated by Fer-ris in his figure of these pores visible in specimens examined by thewriters; derm setae of one type, as already described; anal ring
ART. lii. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 39
small, simple, circular, set in a small, circular, more heavily chitinizedplate on the dorsal surface close to the posterior end of the body.Intermediate stage female.?Differs from the adult chiefly indegree, the size smaller, the number of pores and setae very muchless, and the antennae only a little invaginated, the antennal setae
Fio. 12.
?
Eebmococcus pirogallis (Maskkll). a. larva, leg, X44o; B. larva, an-tenna, X440; C. LARVA, TDBOLAR DUCT, X 640 ; D. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 440 ; E.LARVA, OUTLINE, PROBABLY OF CAST SKIN, X 165 ; F. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, AN-TBNNNA, X640; G. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ; H. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACL.B, X 335 ;I. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, ANAL RING REGION, X 230 ; J. ADUI/T FEMALE, ANALRING, X640; K. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY, X 67.6 ; L. AND M. 8-SHAPED PORKS(DIFFERENT VIEWS, ADULT FEMALE, X 1500.protruding distinctly from the collar; ih^ long setae near the analring in a more or less distinct single row (this not the 2nd stagefemale of Maskell).Larva.? (2nd stage of Maskell) (cast skins only) Broad oval,rather pointed at posterior extremity, dorsum more heavily chitinized,forming an elongate oval area marked by distinct transverse seg-
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEIJIM. tol. 60.
mental divisions; antennae with two distinct basal segments anda long and large third one indistinctly divided into three segments,making a possible total of five segments; body with a few setaealong the margin, these very small anteriorly, but much larger,stouter, and with one curved pair to each abdominal segment pos-teriorly, the apical segment with anal lobes very slightly indicated,and bearing a stout setae inside and a slender, hair-like, much longerone, perhaps two-thirds the body length outside, on each half ; dor-sally with a pair of small submedian spines on at least the anteriorsegments; gland pores, so far as can be observed, confined to twopairs, one pore located on the margins of, apparently, the firstand second abdominal segments, these long tubular, with slightlyswollen bottom, and apparently possessing a median dividing wallin the bottom portion of the tube; legs well developed, moderatelyheavy, the femora imbricated, the tarsal digitules attached pecu-liarly, as noted by Maskell ; eye spots showing as small, round disksjust behind the antennae.Cotype.?C?it. No. 247G0, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis has beeii prepared from the pre-ceding description. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF EIIEMOCOCCUS.(fall making coccids belonging in the subfamily Dactylopiinaeof the Fern aid Catalogue: adult female an oval membranous sac,flattened and more heavily chitinized dorsally in a disk; antennaeinvaginated, segmentation indefinite, legs wanting, internal frame-work of mouth parts very large and heavy, mentum indistinctly2-segmented; spiracles normal, not accompanied by disk pores;derm pores of one type only, large, heavy, 8-shaped; derm setaeof one type only, stout, tapering; anal ring minute, simple, placeddorsally near posterior apex of body ; no traces of anal lobes ; inter-mediate stage female similar to adult, except smaller, body notchitinized dorsally, hairs and pores fewer, with an occasional poretrilobed; antennae less invaginated; larva oval, pointed behind,more chitinized dorsally, antennae distinctly 3-segmented, perhaps6-segmented, legs well developed, one tarsal digitule placed aboutmidway between the base and apex of tarsus, derm pores reducedto two pairs of long, heavy tubular ducts located on basal abdom-inal segments, body margin with setae, these stouter posteriorly,apex of abdomen without distinct anal lobes, but with one longslender seta ; anal ring minute, simple.The writers are not able to place this genus any more definitelythan did the describer. The heavy 8-shaped pores suggest a pos-sible connection with the Asterolecaninae, but there seems to belittle else to bear this out.
ART. 12. MASKELL. GENERA OF COCCEDAE MORRISON. 41Genus EPICOCCUS Cockerell.Plate 3, fig. 1.Genotype.?Coccus acaciae Maskell.Reference.?F^YYiiAd, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 88, 89.This genus as established by Professor Cockerell included only thetype species, and none have been added to it subsequently.There is a small number of unmounted specimens with the MaskellNo. 505, one slide labeled " adult female, 1896," one " antenna andfeet of female, 1896," and one " larva, 1896," under this name in theMaskell collection. It has been possible to obtain an additionalaioimt of an adult female and a larva from the unmounted material,and these have proven to be of considerable assistance in preparingthe following description.Adult feiiiale.?Body, as stated by Maskell, dark red, usualh^much wrinkled, more or less globular or somewhat conical above,naked except for some ventral secretion, resembling some Antoninaspecies in this respect ; fully mature form, when boiled in potassiumhydroxide expanding to an almost spherical sac, with the ventralsurface slightly flattened; antennae small, 6-segmented, typicallyPseudococcine in appearance ; legs small but otherwise normal, clawwithout denticle, digitules normal, slender, knobbed, hind coxae withnumerous pores ; mouthparts small, mentum apparently 2-segmented
;
dorsal ostioles obscure ; with only the two posterior pairs of cerariipresent as such, the remainder of the margin of the ventral surfacewith a continuous band of trilocular pores and short, slender, taper-ing but blunt-tipped spines, together with an occasional slender seta,the cerarian spines slender, acute at apices, somewhat lanceolate, andconsiderably larger than those of the band ; spines of band clusteredmore or less, although \Q,vy indistinctly, into small groups with onlypores intervening; anal lobe cerarii set on small protuberances, eachaccompanied by a slight chitinized area and each composed of from10-15 lanceolate spines, accompanied by a somewhat larger numberof small triangular pores; with a relatively large and stout apicalseta below, but this shorter and more slender than the anal ringsetae; without ventral chitinized thickenings; anal ring small, withpores in an inner and an outer row on each half, with six relativelylarge, stout setae, placed dorsally quite a distance from the apicalcerarii, as compared with other Pseudococcine forms, and at theinner end of a short delicate membranous tube which is much longerbelow than above: with the two long setae usually occurring belowthe anal ring in Pseudococcus and related forms placed directly be-tween the two apical cerarii and at a distance from the ring; derm,so far as noted, with three types of pores, the usual trilocular. trian-gular pores, occuring in the cerarii, the marginal band and wideltr3130?22?Proe.N.M. Vol.60 31
42 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60.
FIG 13.?EPICOCCUS ACACIAE (MASKELL). A. ADULT FEMALE, MIDDLE LEG, X 115 ; B. ADL I/rB-EMALE, BODY SPIKES, THE LAUGEST FROM CEUAPai, X 500 ; C. ADUI^ T^! MmDLE'X115- b. ADULT FEMALE. VENTRAL DISK PORE, TWO VIEWS, X 1500 ; E. LARVA I DLELEO X335; r. LARVA, ANTENNA. X 335 ; G. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 115 ; H. ADULTFEMALE TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500 ; I. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY FROM BELOW, X 17.5J LARVA APEX OF ABDOMEN. X 440 ; K. ADULT FEMALE, TRILOCULAR PORE, THREE VIEWS,X ?L LARVA, OUTLINE OF BODT, X 115 ; M. ADULT FEMALE, APEX OF ABDOMEN SHOW-ING CBRARII. ANAL RING, ETC., X 165 ; N. HABIT SKETCH, ADULT FEMALE, X T.5.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 43
scatteied over the dorsum, these larger in the anterior portion ofthe band, the large multilocular disk pores, occurring ventrally inthe abdominal region, and the short cylindrical tubular ducts, theseoccurring rarely in or adj acent to the marginal band ; possibly withtiny quinquelocular pores near the spiracle, but the structure ofthese not determinable with certainty,; with large, lanceolate cerarianspines, smaller, more slender, blunt-tipped spines in the marginalband, and scattered widel^^ on the dorsum, slender tapering peglikespines; with slender setae of varying sizes in tiie marginal band andwidely scattered on the body.Intermediate stages.?None available for examination.Larva.?Oval, slightly pointed behind, abdominal segmentationdistinct; antennae 6-segmented, the last much the longest; legs nor-mal, claw simple, digitules normal ; mentum indistinctly 2-segmented
;
anterior dorsal ostioles set back well behind the anterior border ofthe framework of the mouthparts, posterior between the fifth andsixth (visible) abdominal segments; anal lobes somewhat produced,short triangular, more heavily chitinized than the derm, chitinizationcontinued anteriorly beneath as a narrow strip bearing the ventralsetae, with a pair of large lanceolate spines above, one apical, theother just before it, and a long slender, subapical ventral seta and*a shorter basal one ; anal ring overlapped above by the dorsal derm,open beneath, set in rather deeply between the anal lobes, cellular andwith six long setae, the longest extending beyond the apex of the anallobes; with two pairs of slender setae, the upper about twice thelength of the lower, just beneath the anal ring; upper surface withtrilocular pores and slender, peg-like spines, these mostly paired to-gether and on the abdomen in three longitudinal rows on each half ofthe body, the outer row marginal, the inner submedian, ventral sur-face with a submedian row of slender setae, and three rows of peg-like spines, similar to but longer and more slender than the dorsalones, on each half of the abdomen, the outer row nearly marginal.Cotype.?Ciit. No. 24761, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis has been prepared from the pre-ceding description. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF EPICOCCUS.Pseudococcine forms, having dorsal ostioles, triangular pores,cerarii and other structures normal to that group ; adult female globu-lar or nearly so, antennae 6-segmented, normal, legs normal, mentumobscurely 2-segmented, only the two posterior pairs true cerarii, restrepresented by continuous marginal band of spines and pores, theformer somewhat grouped, each cerarius composed of a cluster oflanceolate spines and triangular pores, the apical pair slightly chitin-ized beneath, no ventral chltinous thickening, anal ring placed dors-
4:4: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. tol. 60.
ally, well separated from lobe area, with six setae and two rows oipores, apical seta of lobes smaller than anal ring setae; derm withthree distinct pore types, triangular, multilocular disk and cylin-drical tubular, and with lanceolate spines (cerarian), slender peg-like spines and slender pointed setae of varying sizes; larva oval,antennae 6-segmented, legs normal, dorsum with triangular poresand slender peg-like spines, anal ring normal, with six setate, anallobes developed, each with a pair of large lanceolate spines dorsallyand a subapical and subbasal seta, only the anal lobes with indica-tions of cerarii.As will be noted from the preceding description, this species wasincorrectly described by Maskell, and consequently very inaccuratelyplaced. Cockerell in creating the genus Epicoccus for this speciesplaced it more correctly, stating that it was " Dactylopiid," whichpresumably meant that he followed his key to the genera of Coccidaein placing it, and so referred to what is called the subfamily Dacty-lopiinae of the Fernald Catalogue. In this catalogue the genus isplaced just before Phenacoccus^ which locates it still more correctly.The genus is actually a member of the group, probably a subfamily,of which Pseudococcus may be looked upon as the typical genus. The
? writers are not sufficiently familiar with this group of genera to statewhether or not this genus is sj^nonymous with any other previouslyor subsequently described genus, nor to f)lace it with any accuracy inthe series, although from present knowledge its affinities appear tolie with Ripersia and its relatives.Genus LACHNODIUS Maskell.Genotype.?DactyJopius eucalypti (Maskell).Reference.?F^Yniildi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 95.Maskell included three species in this genus, one previously de-scribed and two new, at the time he originally established it, andthe type does not appear to have been fixed until the publication ofthe Fernald Catalogue, in which eucalypti is indicated as the geno-type.There are six slides of this species in the Maskell collection, one of
"adult female, Australia, 1886," one of "adult female, 1893," one oflarvae, Australia, 1886," one of " larvae, 1894," one of " adult male.Australia, 1886," one of " antennae and feet of male, Australia, 1886."The 1886 slides are evidently the types of the species. In additionthere is a verj^ small amount of material in position on the host, underMaskell No. 206. From this material the following description, sup-plementary to that given by Maskell, has been prepared.Adult female.?Body of mounted female nearly circular, antennae7-segmented, similar to the Eriococcus type rather than to the Pseu-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENEEA OF COCC[DAE MORRISON. 45dococcus type, the two basal segments each with a long seta ; and theapical segment With several fairly long setae; legs not very long,fairly stout, the tibia and tarsus thick, tarsal claw short and stout,without denticle, digitules normal, threadlike, with swollen tips;coxae without pores, but with two long setae at apex below ; eyespots
Pig. 14.
?
Lachnodius eucalypti (Maskell). A. lauva, antenna, X44o; B. larva, apbxOH" ABDOMEN, X 440 ; C. LARVA, OUTLINE OP BODY, X 165 ; D. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA,XllS; E. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL RING, X 220 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, TYPES OF SPINES, X 1500 ;G. ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500 ; H. ADULT FEMALE, QUINQUBLOCULAR PORE,X1500; I. ADULT FEMALE, LEG, Xll5; J. LARVA, LEG, X 440.
not observed; mentum small, short-triangular, 1-segmented, apexrounded; no traces of dorsal ostioles noted; margin of body with asingle row of short, sharp conical spines and much longer setae alter-nating, or more frequently with two spines and then one seta; bodyelsewhere with occasional short sliarp spines, and small blunt spines,
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.and more numerous slender setae, the latter varying considerably insize; so far as can be noted, with only two types of "derm pores, quin-quelocular disk and large tubular, the latter opening into a somewhatchitinized circle and with the inner end appearing slightly bilobedfrom some angles at least ; anal lobes completely wanting, no tracesof apical spines or setae evident; anal ring set well in from themargin, circular, bearing about 20 setae, mostly large, but someslightly but distinctly smaller, and with pores, these not in continuousrows as in Pseudococcus and its relatives, but with a circle of poresaround the base of each seta, an arrangement similar to that alreadydescribed for Sphaerococcopsis.Intermediate stage.?Not known.Larva.?Small, broad oval, flat, margin of body with a continuousseries of flat, pointed flabellate spines, these shorter and broaderanteriorly, longer and more slender posteriorly, the continuous rowinterrupted only a little on each side of the head at the eyespots;with a total of 31-32 pairs of these around the body, the threeposterior pairs smaller and very frequently broken off more or lessat the apices; antennae 6-segmented, cylindrical, the apical segmentlongest, with a seta at apex about as long as the whole antenna andwith the three apical segments each with one or more slender curvedspines ; legs rather stout, the tibia noticeably shorter than the tarsus,the digitules slender with a slight knob at apex, the tarsal abouttwice the length of the claw, claw without denticle ; mentum small,short triangular, apparently 1-segmented; dorsal ostioles wanting,anal lobes not developed, the apex of the body with only an incisionfor the anal ring; lobes indicated by the presence of a long slenderseta on each side of the ring, between the second and third flabellatespine; anal ring small, vertical, so far as can be observed with sixsetae, of Avhich the lower two are distinctly larger than the others, thepresence or absence of pores in ring not determinable ; body appar-ently Avithout derm pores ; dorsally with a submedian row of slendersetae each set in a large ring base, with an additional pair of these oneach side of the thorax ; ventrally with a submarginal row of minutespines, one to a segment, and on the posterior abdominal segmentswith an inner similar row.Cotype.?C^t. No. 24762, U.S.N.M.All of the three species described by Maskell as members of thisgenus can probably be properly retained in it. It is doubtful if anyof the others subsequently placed here are properly assigned, sinceit seems apparent that later writers have confused certain Pesudo-coccine forms with this genus on account of the numerous anal ringsetae. The writers can not relocate these species definitely, butsuggest the possibility that the genus Lachnodiella Hempel (origi-
ART. i:i. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCTDAE MORRISON. 47
nally proposed without description by von Ihering) will fit themmore correctly than any other described genus. The larvae ofMaskell's three species can easily be separated, as those of bothlectulaHus and hlrtus have conical marginal spines, instead of theswollen ones found in eucalypti^ while the lectularius larva is evenbroader oval than eucalypti, and that of hirtus is much more slender,and tapers strongly behind, and as compared with lectularius, bearsnumerous body setae. The adults may also be readily differentiated,that of lectulaHus having a closely set continuous marginal row oflong conical, slender tipped, and rather delicate spines, while, asstated, eucalypti has short, stout conical spines, alternating withslender setae, and hirtus has undifferentiated marginal spines, andthe whole dorsum with numerous but scattered slender, long, andrather delicate spines. The differences in /virtue, both in larva andadult, are such that it may prove desirable to remove it to a distinctgenus after it has been studied more thoroughly.An effort has been made to cover the three Maskell species in thefollowing generic diagnosis
:
GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF LACHNODFUS.
" Dactylopiine " coccids, occurring free or protected by the barkof the host, naked or more or less covered by secretion ; adult femalecircular, flattened, antennae normally 7-segmented, tending to belong and slender, the terminal segment smallest, legs rather stout,the tibia much longer than the tarsus; mentum 1-segmented; dorsalostioles wanting, derm with two types of pores, quinquelocular diskand large tubular opening into chitinized ring (based on eucalyptionly) ; derm with spines and slender setae more or less definitelyarranged along the margin and dorsally, anal lobes wanting, no analcleft, no cerarii, anal ring dorsal, some distance from margin, circu-lar, complete, bearing numerous (about 20) setae of varying lengths,each of these with a circle of pores aromid its base; intermediatestages of female not laiown; larva elongate to very broad oval,margin with an almost continuous series of stout spines, lanceolateor conical, with a single pair of apical setae, antemiae 6-segmented,the apical largest; legs noiTnal, mentum 1-segmented, no dorsalostioles, anal lobes not developed, derm pores wanting, body setae,except marginal, small, slender, more or less numerous, anal ringwith six setae.The writers are unfortunately able to offer no definite suggestionsas to the proper position of this genus within the " subfamily
"
Dactylopiinae. Its possible connection with Sphaerococcopsis hasalready been indicated in the specific description. It does seem
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. GO.obvious that it is not closely related to the Pseudococcus group ofgenera as has been believed by authors subsequent to Maskell.Genus ERIUM Cockerell.Genotype.?Dactylopius glohosus Maskell.References.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 112.?Morrison,Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, 1919, p. 74.The confusion which already exists in regard to this genus hasbeen still further complicated by the discovery, as will be evidentfrom the following description, that a serious error has been madeas to the species that is really the type of the genus. From the con-text of Maskell's comments on the species D. gJohosus following hisdescription, it is evident that he regarded the material received fromCrawford some years before the publication of the description asthe true type specimens of the species. A careful examination ofMaskell's slides and material shows plainly that the specimens hementions as having come from Mr, French are a different species fromthose received from Crawford, and that it is specimens of Mr.French's species which Maskell has sent out to other coccidologists,thus giving to other entomologists an incorrect conception of thegenus. The group of species placed under Erium in the FernaldCatalogue will therefore, if they represent a valid generic group,require a new genus name, while E. glohosmn of authore (Maskellin part only) will need a new specific name. The vrriters thereforepropose the name A^nonostherium, new genus, for the group ofspecies formerly included under Erium^ propose the specific nameco7ifusu?7i, new species, for the species r/Johosum of authors andMaskell in part, and designat-e the common American species Uch-tensioides (Cockerell) as the type of this new genus, but for thepresent do not attempt to indicate definitely the disposition of allthe species formerly placed under Erium.This species is represented in the Maskell collection by a singleslide labeled " adult female, Australia, 1886." There is also another,labeled '* adult female, 1891," representing Amonostherium confusum.There is also some unmounted material, divided into three lots, underNo. 82, one of which represents true Enum glohosuvi., while the othertwo are the previously unnamed species. The following descriptionsand figures have been taken from Maskell's true type material.Adult female.?Oval, stout, strongly convex, enclosed in a fluffywhite sac; antennae 7-segmented, rather stout and short, the ter-minal segment longest; legs short and stout, otherwise normal, thedigitules knobbed, the claw pair stouter; every part of hind legsexcept tarsus with numerous small clear pores, not dehnitelygrouped; mentum rather long triangular, distinctly 2-segmental;
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 49
spiracles large, normal ; cerarii probably numerous, but those ante-rior to the last four pairs represented only by a pair of slendersetae so widely separated that they can not be definitely character-ized as cerarii, posterior cerarius with two fairly stout, conical
Fig. 15.
?
Erium globosum (M.\skeli>). A. adult female, hind leg, Xies; B. samb,ANTENNA, X 165 ; C. SAME, VENTRAL DISK PORE, X 1500 D. SAME, TDBULAR DUCTS, X 1500 ;B. SAME, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 165 ; F. SAME, OUTLINE OF BODY, X 12 ; G. SAME, POSTERIORCERARIAN SPINES, X 500 ; H. SAME, PAIR OF CERARIAN SPINES THIRD FROM POSTERIORAPEX, XoOO; I. TRIANGULAR PORE, ADULT FEMALE, X 1500 ; J. LARVA, SETAE, X 1500 ; K.LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 500 ; L. LARVA, TRIANGULAR PORE, X 1500 ; M. LARVA, AN-TENNA, X335.spines accompanied by a group of about 8-10 slender setae and awidely scattered cluster of triangular pores; penultimate cerariuswith two considerably smaller spines, about three setae and only afew pores; antepenultimate cerarius with two spines, one more
50 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60.
slender than the other, as long as but more slender than those ofpenultimate cerarius, two setae and a few pores; fourth cerariussimilar to third; remainder of cerarii, so far as can be determined,represented only by slender, almost hairlike setae, possibly occur-ring in pairs, but the members of such pairs widely separated ; anallobes obsolete, their location indicated by an apical seta about aslong as the anal ring setae, by a chitinized thickening of slightdensity surrounding the apical cerarius, and by a small, narrow,diagonal ventral thickening; derm dorsally with an occasional tri-angular pore, still less frequently with a long, slender, hairlike seta,and still more rarely with small tubular ducts; anal ring com-pound, with a double row of pores and six rather large setae ; poste-rior dorsal ostioles distinct; ventral surface in abdominal regionwith rather numerous circular multilocular disk pores and hairsarranged in transverse rows.Intermediate stage?not known.Larva? (from embryonic specimens within body of adult only)oval, antennae 6-segmented, terminal largest ; legs not determinable
;
with a pair of somewhat developed anal lobes bearing an apical seta,and on the inner face, the only pair of cerarian spines that are plainlydeveloped, these relatively large, conical; anal ring with six setae,dorsum with triangular pores and setae, venter with slender setae.Cotype.?Ciit. No. 24763, U.S.N.M.The status of the species formerly included in the genus Eriumhas already been discussed. It is sufficient to repeat here that noneof them appears congeneric with the true type of the genus.The following generic diagnosis is based on the preceding de-scription, GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ERIUM.Pseudococcine forms, having dorsal ostioles and triangular pores;adult female oval, approaching globular, enclosed in a fluffy sac, an-tennae 7-segmented, normal, legs normal, claw without denticle, definitecerarii reduced to not more than four pairs, cerarian spines conical,posterior pair underlaid by thickening, with slight ventral thicken-ing, apical seta about as long as those of anal ring, derm with setae,but no spines, derm with triangular pores, multilocular disk pores,and short tubular ducts ; anal ring compound, with two rows of poresand six setae; larva oval, antennae 6-segmented, derm with setaeand triangular pores, with only the apical pair of cerarian spinesdeveloped, anal ring with six setae.This genus, as based on the type species, appears to offer no dis-tinct characters to separate it from the genus Trionyinus Berg, as thelatter has recentl}^ been emended by Ferris,^^ although it certainly
" Calif., Species Mealy Bugs. 1918, pp. 35, 66.
ART. lU. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 51differs prominently in shape from the type of that genus, T. 'perrisi(Signoret). The writers incline to place Er'ium as a synonym ofTrionymus^ but leave a definite statement of transfer to some timewhen the group can be studied as a whole.Genus PSEUDORIPERSIA Cockerel!.Plate 3, tig. 2.Genotype.?Eriococcus turgipes Maskell.Reference.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 115.This was first established as a subgenus, with only the type speciesincluded, and while later raised to generic standing, no other specieshave been added to it.The Maskell collection contains five slides of the type, one of '' adultfemale, dorsal view, 1892," one of " adult female, ventral view, 1892,"one of " anal ring, 1892," one of " larvae, 1892," and one of " larva,1896." There is also some unmounted material bearing the MaskellNo. 267.Adult female.?Enclosed in a sac, body subglobular, slightly flat-tened dorsally, etc., as described by Maskell in detail ; dorsal surfacemore heavily chitinized, somewhat brownish, head and thoracicregions very large, occupying fully three-fourths of the whole bodyand bringing the posterior legs far back ; antennae small and incon-spicuous, 6-seg'mented, the third and last segments about equal inlength ; legs relatively very large, short and stout, so arranged as togive the appearance of six equidistant stout spikes projecting fromthe circular body, the parts fused so that only two distinct segmentsand a claw are visible, the outer segment with a cluster of tiny spinesbeneath at the apex, this segment in the hind legs also with a clusterof numerous tiny circular pores above, claw of peculiar shape, prob-ably comprising both tarsus and claw, claw digitules tiny acute hairs
;
mentum long, tapering, but with apex rounded, distinctly 2-seg-mented; only the posterior cerarii isolated, each surrounded by aheavily chitinized half-oval plate, extending down and beyond theapical seta, the cerarius made up of a cluster of lanceolate or sub-lanceolate spines and triangular pores in about equal numbers; apicalseta shorter than anal ring setae; with the penultimate cerarius be-ginning an almost continuous marginal row of triangular pores,accompanied by more scattered and fewer lanceolate spines of vary-ing sizes, this roAv wandering irregularly around the whole body mar-gin from cerarius to cerarius, and paralleled by a less conspicuousand less well-developed inner band, the pores in the bands set offfrom the numerous similar surrounding pores by their larger sizeand closer grouping, the spines accompanying this band becomingfewer and more scattered anteriorly; dorsally, in addition to the
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. GO.pores and spines already mentioned, with numerous lanceolate spinesof various sizes, these in transverse rows on the abdominal seinnents
Fig. 16. PSELDORIPERSIA TURGIPES (MASKELL). A. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 335 ; B.ADULT FEMALE, TRIANGULAR PORE, X 1500 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, MULTILOCOLAR DISK PORE,Xl5G0; D. LARVA, OUTLINE OF BODY, X 115 ; E. LARVA, TRIANGULAR PORB, X 1500 ; F. ADULTFEMALE, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X165; G. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 230 ; H. LARVA, ANTENNA,X230; I. ADULT FEMALE, POSTERIOR LEG, X 165 ; J. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X165; K.ADULT FEMALE, CERARIAN AND BODY SPINES, X 600 ; L. PORB, ADULT FEMAI4B, X 1500 ; M.ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500.just anterior to the anal ring:, but scattered elsewhere, and with manysmall tubular ducts and triangular pores; ventrally with numerous
iRT.VJ. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 53long, slender setae, larger tubular ducts and, near the anal ring, afew multilocular disk pores.Intermediate stages.?Not known.Larva.?Eather elongate oval, antennae large, 6-segniented, termi-nal segment much the largest and tapering to an acute point; legsnormal, rather slender, tarsus longer than tibia, digitules all long,slender, slightly knobbed, one of tarsus placed basad of the other,claws with a tiny denticle near the apex; mentum 2-segmented,tapering, apex almost conical and with a number of long setae;anal lobes slightly developed, each with a chitinized area dorsally,this bearing a single triangular pore placed between a pair of lanceo-late spines, ventrally and subapically with a long, stout seta, slightlylonger than the anal ring seta; body ventrally with two tiny, cir-cular submarginal rings on each segment and six longitudinal rowsof slender setae; dorsally with three more or less complete rows ofslender spines with similar but stouter spines along the margin, andwith five more or less complete rows of triangular pores; with twopairs of dorsal ostioles, both distinct; anal ring circular, with sixsetae and some pores.Cotype.?Cnt. No. 24764, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis has been drawn from the preced-ing description. GENEEIC DIAGNOSIS OF PSEUDORIPERSIA.Pseudococcine forms having the adult female enclosed in a thin,tough, globular sac attached to the twigs of the host; adult femaleglobular, somewhat flattened; dorsum and sides, except posteriorapex, more heavily chitinized, antennae small and short, 6-segmented
;
legs large, very stout and short, the posterior pair attached veryfar back, the three pairs radiating from the circular body at aboutequal distances from each other, segments fused so that only twosegments and a claw remain ; mentum 2-segmented ; with at least theposterior dorsal ostioles present, with the posterior cerarii only de-veloped, placed on a half oval chitinized area, remainder of cerariirepresented by a continuous row of pores and lanceolate spines, ac-com]3anied by a less distinct inner row, cerarii made up of lanceolatespines and triangular pores, but no setae; dorsal derm with laiiceolatespines, triangular pores and tubular ducts, ventral derm with longslender setae and multilocular disk pores ; anal ring large, circular,with six setae and numerous pores of two sorts; larva elongate oval,antennae 6-segmented, legs normal, mentum 2-segmented, dorsalostioles present, anal cerarius developed, with chitinized area, twospines and a tnangular pore, body with row of setae and triangularpores, anal ring with six setae.
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TOL. 60,In tlie remarkable structure of the body and the legs, this genusseems to possess characters which make it stand alone among thePseudococcine forms, and to fully justify its isolation as a distinctgenus. Genus RIPERSIELLA Tinsley.Genotype.?Ripersia rumicis Maskell.Reference.?FQvn^ild., Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 115.This genus name was first published by Professor Cockerell, witha sufficient indication of Tinsley's authorship, and included twospecies, but the type was subsequently designated by Professor Cock-erell as Maskell's species.This species is represented in the Maskell collection by two slides,one of " adult female, 1890," the other of " head and abdomen of
Fig. 17.?RiPEHsiELLA Rujricis (Maskell) ; all figures of adult female. A. apex ofABDOMEN, X335; B. QUADRILOCULAR PORE, (PROBABLY A FREAK), X 1500 ; C. ANTENNA,X335; D. MIDDLE LEG, X 335 ; E. SPIRACLE, X 1500 ; F. DOUBLE TUBULAR DUCT (PROBABLYA FREAK), Xl500; G. TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500 ; H. TRIANGULAR PORE, TWO VIEWS, X 1500 ;I. NORMAL MULTILOCULAK DISK PORE, X 1500 ; J. BODY SETAE, X 1500,adult female, 1890," and by a few unmounted specimens under No.170.Adult female.?Practically naked, elongate oval when mounted;antennae short and stout, placed very close together at the anteriorapex of the head, 6-segmented, the first and last longest, the last withthree stout spines ; legs small, stout, the tibia and tarsus about equalin length, claw long, slender, only slightly curved near apex, with-out denticle, claw digitules slender, apparently acute at apices, tarsaldigitules not observed, hind coxae without pores; mentum rather-long triangular, indistinctly 2-segmented; spiracles small, not ab-normal; with four pairs of dorsal ostioles; anal ring small, stout,with six well-developed setae, without pores of the type found in thering of Pseudococcus, for example, but with some relatively large,faint, uneven areolation; cerarii wholly wanting, tlie anal lobes notdeveloped, their location indicated by a group of three setae aboutas long as those of the anal ring and placed on each side of this;
AUT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 55bodj^ elsewhere with scattered setae of varying lengths, both dorsallyand ventrall}^; these, in general, longer posteriorly and toward themargin; derm with three and possibly more, distinct types of pores(see figures), somewhat triangular pores, but apparently with sixloculi, corresponding to the usual trilocular, occurring both dorsallyand ventrally; relatively large multilocular disk pores also bothdorsal and ventral, and most abundant near posterior apex, and ver)^rarely tubular ducts; also a large quadrilocular pore, probably amodified multilocular disk pore, and a very peculiar double tubularduct, possibly a modification of the normal type noted ; body beneath,some distance behind the posterior legs with a pair of tiny truncateconical structures the exact nature and function of which can not bedetermined.Immature stages.?None available.Cotype.?C&t. No. 24765, U.S.N.M.The writers have not had access to satisfactory study material ofany of the other species which have been placed in this genus, all ofwhich are American, and are therefore unable to comment on theirstatus with relation to the type. The following genus diagnosis ha^been prepared only from the preceding description.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF KIPERSIELLA.Pseudococcine forms, probably altogether root inhabiting; adultfemale elongate oval, antennae short and stout, 6-segmented, placedvery close together at the apex of the body, legs stout and short, withacute claw digitules and no denticle, mentum 2-segmented, two pairsof dorsal ostioles present, no cerarii developed, posterior pair andapical seta represented by three long setae, no specialized body spines,anal ring with six setae and large, faint areolations, without the usualrows of pores, derm with large multilocular disk pores, small some-what triangular pores and tubular ducts, perhaps with other sorts,and with slender setae.Genus CHAETOCOCCUS Maskell.Plate 3, fig. 3.Genotype.?Sphaerococcus hambusae Maskell.Reference.?YQvn^ld, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 120.This genus was established by Maskell for a species he had formerlyincluded in his genus Sphaerococcus because it had been discoveredhy Mr. E. E. Green that the type, hcmhusae had setae on the analring, while Maskell was of the opinion that casuarinae, the type ofSphaerococcus, had no anal ring setae; actually these two type speciesstatus with relation to the type. The following genus diagnosis hasbeen discussed in detail previously in this paper and elsewhere.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. GO.This species is represented in the Maskell collection by five slides,one of " adult female, 1892," one of " 2nd stage female, 1892," one of" antennae of female, 1892," and two of " larvae of female, 1892."There is also a small quantity of unmounted material bearing No. 221.
Fio. 18.
?
Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell). A. lauva, outline, Xiis; B. auultFBMALE, POSTERIOR SPIRACLE (ABOVE) AND PORE PLATE (BELOW), X 115 ; C. AD0LT FEMALE,DETAILS OF PORES IN PLATE, X 1500 ; D. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY, SHOWINGSHAPE, X12; E. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 440 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, MULTILOCULAR DI^KPORB, Xl500; G. SAME, TRIANGULAR PORE, X 1500 ; H. SAME, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 440 ;1. LAUVA, LEG, X 220 ; J. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 220 ; K. DERM SETA OF ADULT FEMALE, X 1500.Adult female.?Occurring well down in the leaf sheaths in themidst of dense white waxy secretion, this surrounding but not cover-ing the strongly flattened insect ; bodj^ oval, pointed, and more or lessstrongly tapering behind, usually somewhat distorted and asymmetri-cal ; derm at maturity heavily chitinized, brown, the abdominal seg-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 57
merit's strongly marked by lateral and dorsal constrictions; antennaereduced to minute unsegmented tubercles, placed at the anterior endof the body and each bearing about six small spines; legs entirelywanting; spiracles large, each set in a deep pocket in the chitinizedderm, with a patch of small tubular glands behind each posteriorspiracle; derm with numerous clear pores scattered over both sur-faces, at the bottom of which are small triangular pores or tubularducts; in addition with circular multilocular disk pores at the pos-terior end of the body; body setae all rather stout and short, a fewat the posterior margin of the apical segment longer and more slender,the setae very rare except on the apical abdominal segments, wherethey are rather numerous ventrally, especially along the middle line;apical abdominal segment sometimes faintly bilobed; anal ring aheavy band placed a little dorsally and at the inner end of a shorttubular invagination, ring bearing numerous small pores and sixsetae, slender and projecting a little beyond the circular opening ofthe tube.Intermediate stage female (possibly adult before maturity).?Ovalwith the posterior apex of the body, only, chitinized and brown, theapical segment very broadly rounded, the remainder of the derm clearand membranous; antennae, mentum, legs and anal region as madult, derm pores and setae along the margin of the body apparentlymuch more numerous than in adult in proportion to size.Larva.?Body elongate, parallel-sided, the ends rounded ; antennaeC-segmented, the apical segment as long as the three precedingtogether ; legs normal, rather slender, claw simple, digitules all long,slender, slightly knobbed; mentum short and stout, obscurely 2-segmented; derm with marginal rows of large triangular pores,dorsally with a submedian row of smaller but similar pores andan additional submarginal row anteriorly, ventrally also with arow of much smaller pores, this row submarginal posteriorly andsubmedian anteriorly, finally with a group of such pores at eachspiracular opening; posterior dorsal ostioles conspicuous, anteriornot noted ; the abdominal segments with a pair of rather stout spine-like setae on each margin, one larger, one smaller, those on the apicalsegment large, the remainder gradually decreasing in size anteriorly,apical segment also with a pair of much longer, slender anal lobesetae ; anal lobes developed only as very slight protuberances, with afew pores and six short slender setae.Maskell placed one other species, first described by him as a Sphae-rococcus, and now known as Antonina graviinis (Maskell), in thisgenus in 1898. This species closely resembles Sphaerococcus casuari-nae Maskell in size and shape, and when the intermediate stages areknown may require a modification of the statement under Sphaero-3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.60 .'52
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60COCCUS that probabljT' no other species originalh'^ inchided in thatgenus are really congeneric with the type, as ^fhaerococcus is atpresent isolated on the basis of the presence of legs in the secondstage of the female.The following generic diagnosis is based on the preceding de-scription. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF CHAETOCOCCUS.Modified Pseudococcine forms living parth^ surrounded by secre-tion in protected situations on the host; adult female large, oval,tapering, and somewhat pointed behind, flattened, heavily chitinizedat maturity, antennae reduced to tiny tubercles, legs wanting, men-turn indistinctly 2-segm.ented, dorsal ostioles obscure, no cerarii de-veloped, body with spines, particularlj'^ posteriorly, and with multi-locular disk pores, triangular pores, and tubular ducts, with a poreplate behind each hind spiracle, anal ring with pores, placed atinner end of invaginated tube, and with six setae protruding some-what; larva elongate, parallel-sided, antennae 6-segmented, the apicallong, legs normal, derm with longitudinal rows of trilocular poresand small slender setae, no definite cerarii, at least posterior dorsalostioles present, with a pair of apical setae but no evident anal lobes,anal ring with pores and six slender setae.This genus very obviously belongs with the group of modifiedPseudococcine forms of which Antonma is the oldest described genus,and which also includes Sphaerococcug and possibly other, mis-placed, genera. The writers consider Chaetococcus to be doubtfullydistinct from Aiitoniva, as this latter genus is commonly understood,the only apparent difference occurring in the very heavy thickeningof the derm which developes all over the body of Chaetococcus atmaturity, instead of merely on the posterior abdominal segments asin Antonifia. Genus KUWANINA Cockerell.Genotype.?Sjjhaerococcus parvus Maskell.References.?Fe^vndildi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 121.?Green, Ent.Month. Mag., vol. 51, 1915, p. 181.?Ferris, Can. Ent., vol. 50, Oct.1918, p. 324.This genus was established by Cockerell in the Fernald Catalogueon the basis of the larval characteristics only, and with a singleincluded species. One other species, Sphaerococcus ohscuratusMaskell has recently been added to the genus by Ferris, but thewriters have had no opportunity to study satisfactory^ material ofthis last species, and in view of the doubt expressed at the time ofits reassignment, have decided to confine the generic diagnosis whichfollows to the type species.
ACT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 59The type species is represented in the Maskell collection by twoslides, one of "adult female, 1897," and one of "larvae, 1897,"There appears to be no unmounted material of the species.^^ It hasfortunately been carefully redescribed by Green, and also discussedby Ferris (see reference), so the writers have limited their work onthis species to the preparation of some illustrations and to giving,
li generic diagnosis. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF KUWANINA.Dactylopiine coccids (of the Fernald Catalogue) of uncertainposition; adult female oval, posterior end somewhat more heavilychitinized and faintly nodulose, antennae tiny unsegmented tubercleswith apical setae, legs wanting, mentum apparently 1-segmented,with small cribriform plate behind each posterior spiracle, derm
Fig. 19. KUWANINA PARVUS (MasKELL). A. ADULT FEMALE^ OUTLINE OF BODY, X 50 ; B.CRIBRIFORM PLATE OF ADULT FEMALE, X 640 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL RING REGION, X 640 ;D. ADULT FEMALE, QUINQUELOCULAR PORE, X 1500 ; E. SAME, SIDE VIEW, X 1500 ; F. ADULTFEMALE, TRILOCULAR PORE, X 1500 ; G. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ; H. ADULT FEMALE,SETAE, Xl500; I. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 640 ; J. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 640.
setae spine-like, small, scattered, more numerous posteriorly, dermpores normally quinquelocular, but varying from 3-7, also varyingin size, set in bottoms of short tubes, anal ring small, heavy, entire,without pores, with six short setae ; intermediate stage (from Green),body short oval, antennae 2-segmented, legs wanting, mentum 1-seg-mented, derm pores, etc., in general similar to those of adult; larva(from Green), rather elongate oval, antennae short, stout, 3-seg-mented, apical segment relatively very long, legs small, rather stout,derm pores sparse and irregularly scattered, anal ring simple, incom-plete, with six short setae, body with a pair of apical setae.The writers are able to contribute nothing new in regard to thisCfenus.
^ Unmounted and unlabeled material of tbis species has subsequently been located inthe Maskell Collection under lot No. 560. Coti/pa.?CAt. No 2i76G, U.S.N.M.
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.Subfamily Coccinae.Genus CERONEMA Maskell.Plate 3, fig. 4.Genotype.?Ceronema hanksiae Maskell.Beference.?FernaM, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 127.At the time of original description, Maskell included only thetype species in this genus, although he later added another to it.Ceronema hatiksiae is represented in the Maskell collection bythree slides, one of " adult female, 1894," one of " 2nd stage female,1894," and one of " larvae, 1894," and by a single unmounted adultfemale specimen, two ovisacs and a male puparium bearing No. 421.Maskell appears to have described the different stages with con-siderable accuracy, so the following notes are to some extent a repe-tition of his work.Adult female.?External appearance as described by Maskell.body elongate oval, more or less asymmetrical, flattened, or slightlyconvex, dorsal derm heavily chitinized except along margin of body,punctured by numerous pores, anal plates placed close to the pos-terior apex; antennae 6-segmented, third very long; legs normal,small, rather slender, claw stout, with denticle, digitules slender,long, knobbed at apices; mentum not discernible; spiracles normalfor the group; marginal spines rather long, slender, acute setae,usually separated by several times the length of one; spiracularspines about 5-7 in each group, all stout and bluntly rounded, butvarying greatly in size, the end of the spiracular groove marked by acurved chitinized thickening; dorsal derm with an occasional tinyspine set at the end of a clear pore ; dorsally with three types of pores,small simple circular pores, larger tubular ducts and much largertubular ducts, these at intervals along the margin and appar-ently corresponding to the marginal tubercles so conspicuous insome Lecanine species, the first two numerous over most of the sur-face, except in a median longitudinal area, the last with about 33around the body margin, with similar, but less developed andsmaller pores intervening between many of the larger ones, to thenumber of 20 ; ventrally along the body margin with numerous longtubular ducts, similar to but much smaller than the second type de-scribed for the dorsum, and with two sorts of multilocular diskpores, the larger with, usually, six loculi, in the anal region, theothers, somewhat smaller and usually with five loculi, between spi-racles and margin of body ; anal plates each more than twice as longas wide, the anterior halves of the pair almost forming a semicircle,but the posterior half of each tapering, slender, forming almosta rounded point at the apex, plates without dorsal setae, with four
Fig. 20.
?
Ceronema banksiae Maskell. A. addlt female, ventral tobdlar duct, X500 ;B. same, MDLTILOCULAK disk pore near anal plates, X1500; C. same, &IULTILOCULABDISK PORE between SPIRACLES AND MARGIN, X 1500 *, D. SAME, ANAL PLATES, X 116 ; B.same, dorsal view, x 17.5, showing shape, arrangement 01." pores and submarginaltubercles; F. same, dorsal tubular duct, X.'Oo; G. same, " submarginal tubercle,"X5oo; H. SAME, portion of margin OPPOSITE spiracle, Xi65; 1. same, antenna, X16C;J. larva, outline FKOJI above, XII5; K. adult FBM.ALK, hind LE<!, XIO5; L. SAMS,MARGINAL SPINE, X 650 ; M. LARVA, ANAL PLATES, X 220 ; N. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULABSPINES, X 640 ; O. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 220. 61
62 PROCEEDINGS or THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60.
apical setae, unequal in leng-th^ but one much longer, on each, ven-tral ridge placed along the outer edge of each plate, curving withthe outline, bearing four setae at wide intervals, the two anteriorones quite long; apparently without fringe or hypopygial setae; analring placed some distance anterior to the plates, small, oval, stout,bearing pores and apparently eight large setae.Intermediate stage female.?No material available (Maskell's 2ndstage female, in the opinion of the writers, nothing more than abadly parasitized adult female).Larva.?Elongate, broadest in thoracic region, head rounded, taper-ing gradually behind, apex of abdomen rounded; antennae long andslender, 6-segmented, the terminal segment very long; legs ver}'slender, digitules slender, knobbed, one of the tarsal inserted muchabove the other, the latter smaller, claw with denticle near tip; men-tum very short triangular, 1-segmented ; spiracular spines in threes,the median larger, all stout, bluntly rounded at apices; marginalspines very minute if present at all; with five long, slender sub-marginal tubular ducts on each side of the bod}', and with three orfour pairs of much larger and relatively stouter tubular ducts in amedian row, one pair before the mouthparts, one pair behind, and oneor two pairs on the anterior portion of the abdomen, all dorsal ; analpiates slender, not reticulated, bearing a long apical seta about halfthe length of the body, one outer and two inner curved and twoventral straight much smaller slender setae ; also with a pair of muchlarger submedian ventral setae anterior to the anal ring; anal ringwith pores and six setae.Besides the type, four species have been placed in this genus. Ofthese, Ceronema dryandrae Fuller is described as being very similarto hanksiae^ and can probably remain in the genus ; C. caudata Frog-gatt might from its similar superficial appearance, and from theanalogy of identical general distribution, easily be congeneric withhanksiae.) but the description gives only the external appearance ofthe insect, omitting morphological details entirely, so no definitestatement on its proper position is possible. An examination of thetype specimens (slides) of C. japonica Maskell shows that the doubleanal plates remarked on by the describer are due to his having pre-pared mounts from preadult individuals just ready to moult. Onaccount of the condition of these specimens, it is difficult to commentaccurately on the generic affinities of the species. It does not appearto be congeneric with C. hanksiae in morphological characters, thechief differences lying in the marginal and spiracular sjjines and theanal plates, in the older stages, and in the more oval shape, the muchshorter and stouter legs and antennae and the absence of large tubularducts in the larva of C. ja'ponica. A similar comment appears toapply to C. koeheli Green, in so far as this can be determined from
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 63Green's elaborate figures and description. G. africana McFie alsodiffers in morphological characters from the type of the genus, andcan hardly be included in it on such grounds. The writers are notable to suggest any other genus location for the last three speciesdiscussed, but do believe that, at most, only the three Australianspecies can be legitimately included in the genus Ceronema.The following generic diagnosis is based almost wholly on the typespecies
:
GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF CERONEMA.Coccine forms (of Fei'nald Catalogue), female at maturity sur-rounded by a heavy secretion of waxy threads covering all of thebody except a portion of the dorsum; adult female with heavilychitinized dorsal derm with numerous pore canal punctures, 6-seg-mented antenna, normal legs, normal spiracles, slender acute margi-nal setae, numerous, stout, bluntly rounded spiracular spines in theusual four groups, each accompanied by a chitinized plate, withminute setae dorsally, derm pores dorsally of three types, minutesimple pores, large tubular ducts and " submarginal tubercles," allnumerous, ventral pores small tubular ducts and two sizes of multi-locular disk pores, anal plates slender, tapering posteriorly, no dorsalsetae on these, some apical setae, a few ventral setae, no fringe setaeapparently, no hypopygial setae, anal ring placed anterior to plates,small, with pores and eight setae ; larva elongate, tapering posteriorly,legs and antennae very long and slender, spiracular spines subequal inlength, all stout, blunt, with submarginal and submedian large con-spicuous tubular ducts, anal ring with 6 setae, anal plates slender, notreticulated, bearing an apical seta about half as long as body.The characters presented by the type of this genus seem quite sufll-cient to justify its retention.Genus ERIOCHITON Maskell.Plate 3, fig. 5.Genotype.?Eriochiton hispidus Maskell.Reference.?FQvndld, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 127.The type of this genus was automatically set by Maskell in describ-ing it with only the single included species, although the first definitestatement regarding a type species appears to be that in the FernaldCatalogue.The Maskell collection contains only a single slide of the specieslabeled " adult female from Olearia, 1880," and a few unmountedspecimens in different stages under No. 59. From the latter it hasbeen possible to obtain mounts of the larva.Adult female.?Short oval, almost elliptical, slightly convex, dermclearing completely on boiling in potassium hydroxide; antennae
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. VOL. 60.7-segmented, rather slender; legs small, normal, digitules slender,slightly knobbed, claw with a denticle, tarsus considerably longerthan tibia ; ventral surface between anterior and intermediate legs andaround mentum more heavily chitinized, bulging into symmetrica]
Fig. 21.
?
Ekiochiton hispidds Maskell. A. i^rva, X us ; B. lauva^ apex of abdomen,X335; C. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 335 ; D. ADOLT FEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 220 ; E.ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY, DOKSAL, X 17.5 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 165 ; G.LARVA, LEG, X 220 ; H. SAME, CLAW SHO^TNC DIGITULES AND DENTICLE, X 640 ; I. ADULTFEMALE, BODY SPINB, X 500 ; J, ADULT FEMAI L . MIDDLE LEG, X 165 ; K, SAME, CLAW, X 640 ;Ij. larva, ANTENNA, X 220 ; M. ADULT FEMALE, TUiiULAU DUCT, X 1500 ; N. ADULT FEMALE,QUINQUELOCULAR PORE, X 1500 I O. ADULT FKMALE, VENTRAL SETA, X 500.folds partly overlapping the mentum below, the latter apparently1-segmented; whole dorsal surface with numerous long, but fairlyslender, somewhat tapering truncate spines, these more numerous ina row along the margin; spiracular spines not differentiated; dorsal
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 65surface with some small, slender setae in addition to the spines;ventral derm with some larger slender setae; with only tiny, long-tubular ducts occasionally near the margin, and with tiny quin-quelocular pores near the spiracles, and a few similar but slightlylarger beneath the anal plates ; these stout broad, each about half ora little more as wide as long, broadest before the middle, taperingbehind, both the inner and outer margins curving so the tips arewell separated, dorsally with a large stout spine before the middleand a subapical seta, apparently without apical setae, ventrally witha strong seta, flattened and expanded apically, at the posterior endof the ventral ridge, and with a single large fringe seta on eachside ; anal ring placed within the plates, rather large, oval, slender,with a single row of pores and eight stout setae; hypopygial setaewanting.Intermediate stages.?None available for examination.Larva.?Body oval, broadest at or before the middle, the two endsbluntly rounded, v/hole margin of the body with a single row of long,slender, blunt-tipped spines ; with a median longitudinal double rowof similar but smaller spines, three transverse rows of similar spineson head and thorax, and an additional longitudinal double row oneach half of the abdomen; spiracular spines not differentiated;dorsum without other setae, ventrally ^s^ith an occasional tiny slenderseta; with slender tubular ducts along the body margin, no otherpores noted; antennae C-segmented, legs normal, rather stout, clawwith denticle; anal plates more or less invaginated within margin,stout, irregular in shape, bearing a slender hair at apex, a stoutblunt spine of unusual shape, expanded at apex, latero-ventrally,and still a third anterior to this, and much smaller, dorsally with alarge stout, blunt-tipped spine, similar to the marginal spines mid-dorsally, and two similar but smaller spines arising from the innermargin of each plate ; anal ring apparently with six setae.Cotype.?Cvit. No. 24767, U. S. N. M.Two other species have been included in this genus, one of which, E.spinosus (Maskell), is quite obviousl}' congeneric with the type, dif-fering conspicuously only in the fact that the dorsal truncate spinesare very few in number and are confined largely to the median longi-tudinal area. The other species, E. theae Green, differs so decidedlyfrom the type species in certain morphological characters, notably theconspicuous differentiation of the spiracular spine groups and the de-velopment of longitudinal submedian clusters of conical spines, as tomake its elimination from the genus desirable. As has already beennoted, Maskell's specimens of Ceronema jayonica are apparently pre-adult, so it is not possible to state definitely that Mr. Green's intima-tion at the time he described theae., that his species might be the sameas G . japonica is correct. However, from a comparison of Green's care-
66 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60.ful description with Maskell's types, it is possible to state that the twoare very plainly congeneric, and that of the differences suggested byGreen,^^ only that of the number of antennae segments stands, andeven this can be accounted for on the basis of immaturity. The earlystage of the Maskell specimens would preclude the formation of a com-plete test, and the anal ring actually has six setae, such as Green de-scribed for E. theae, instead of eleven as figured by Maskell. As amatter of opinion, the writers consider the two to be the same species.The following generic diagnosis has been based upon the twoMaskell species from New Zealand.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ERIOCHITON.Coccine forms of the Fernald Catalogue, the adult female enclosedin a test composed of compact felted secretion, this test more or lesscomplete; adult female elliptical, antennae T-segmented, legs small,normal, claw with denticle, mentum 1-segmented, margin and dorsumof body with long, slender, blunt-tipped spines more or less numer-ously developed, spiracular spines not differentiated, dorsal and ven-tral surfaces with some slender setae, only small, slender, long-tubularducts and tiny quinquelocular disk pores present on body, anal phitesstout, broad, with a large stout, blunt dorsal spine and some setae, withone large fringe seta on each side, hypopygial setae -wanting, anal ringwith pores and eight setae; larva stout, antennae 6-segmented, legsstout, normal, claw with denticle, at least the margin of the bod}' witha fringe of long, slender, blunt-tipped spines, spiracular spines notdifferentiated, only long tubular ducts present, at margin, anal platesmore or less retracted, stout, with stout spines and setae, anal ring withpores and six setae. Genus MALLOCOCCUS Maskel!.Plate 4, fig. 1.Genotype.?Mallophora sinensis Maskell.Reference.?FQvuiild, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 142.Mallococcus is a new name substituted by Maskell for the genusname MaUofhora., established by him for the single species siiiensis, aname which proved "to be preoccupied.There are four slides of the type of this genus in the Maskell collec-tion, one of " adult female, 1896," one of " abdomen of female, 1896,''one of " antenna of female, 1896," and one of " larva, 1896." There isin addition a little unmounted material under No. 512.Adult female.?"Covered by a closel}'--felted secretion"? (Mas-kell), this, in the dried material a dense but brittle, almost homo-geneous test ; bod}^ stout, elliptical, almost circular, shriveling into a
1= Ind. Mus. Notes, vol. .5, 1900, p. 11.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MOERISOlSr. 67
Fig. 22.?Mallococcus sinensis (Maskeld. A. adult female, leg, Xies; B. adultFBMAMl, SMALL 8-SHAPED PORE, X 1500 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 115 ; D. ADULTFEMALE, ANAL PLATES (FROM SPECIMENS LOANED BY PkOF. G. F. FeRRIS, NOT FROM TYPRMATERIAL), X 440 ; E. LAKVA, X 115 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, DISK PORE, X 1500 ; G. LARVA,"ANAL PLATES," X 440 ; H. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULAR DISK PORE, X 1500 ; I. ADULTFEMALE, SPIRACULAR SPINE REGION, X 165 ; J. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 220 ; K. LARVA, AN-TENNA, X220; L. ADULT FEMALE, DISK PORE NEAR ANAL RING, X 1500 ; M. ADULT FBMALB,DETAIL OF DORSAL SPINE AND ADJACENT AREA, X 640 ; N. LARVA, SPIRACLE TO MARGIN,X640; O. ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500 ; P. ADULT FEMALE, 8-SHAPED PORE, TWOVIHWS, X1500.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60.
small distorted mass at the anterior end of and free from the testafter producing young; venter of abdominal segments more heavilychitinized; antennae, 7-8-seginented, the third usually somewhatthe longest; legs rather slender, claw stout, without denticle; tarsaldigitules slender, long, with stout knob, claw digitules large andbroad, with large knob; spiracles short and stout, strongly con-stricted; mentum stout, short triangular, 2-segmented; body dor-sally with fairly numerous, but scattered, large, stout, conical spines,invaginated their whole length within the body, arranged in indefi-nite transverse rows and more numerous near the margin; bodyalong margin wnth a single to triple row of slender, very acutelypointed spines ; spiracular spines represented by a single one, abouttwice as long as the marginal, slender, but stouter near the tip thanthe marginal, and bluntly rounded at apex, opposite each spiracle;ventrally with pairs of long hairs on the segments anterior to theanal ring; dorsally with numerous 8-shaped pores, these clusteredin indefinite fashion around the large conical invaginated spines,with a few small circular pores, and with numerous slender tubularducts with deep, cup-shaped bottoms, and slender prolongationsscattered promiscuously; ventrally with similar ducts, with trans-verse rows of larger muitilocular-disk pores, and, finally, with somesmall tubular ducts, the disk pores with about eleven loculi placedanterior to the anal ring; those, about half as large, with five or sixloculi, scattered between each spiracle and its marginal spine, eachrov7 of these terminating in a dense cluster at the base of the spine
:
anal ring small and stout, with pores and six setae, surrounded by apair of curved plates, flat, short, and deej)?that is, long dorso-ven-trally, somewhat pitted above, each bearing four setae, and oneventral ridge seta ; a single fringe seta on each side.Intermediate stages.?Not available for examination.Larva.?Elongate oval, somewhat broader anteriorly; antennae6-segmented, terminal segment longest, legs normal, claw with den-ticle, all digitules slender, knobbed, one tarsal digitule inserted abovethe other and slightly longer; mentum stout triangular, apparently1-segmented ; with a single long, cylindrical, blunt-tipped spiracularspine opposite each spiracle; margin of body with a row of short,blunt, tapering spines, about one to a segment, and a submarginalrow of tiny, apparently simple pores, dorsally with a submedianlongitudinal row of 8-shaped pores on each side, ventrally with twoor three longitudinal rows of slender setae and a single row of tinypores on each half, also with two or three multilocular disk poresbetween each spiracle and its spine; anal plates protruding, eachchitinized, bearing one apical spine, two smaller spines, one slenderapical seta, and a smaller seta ; anal ring with pores and six setae.Cotype.?QoX. No. 24768, U.S.N.M. ^
ART. 12. MASKELL GENEKA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 69One other species, M. lanigerum (Hempel.) was doubtfully in-cluded in this genus according to the Fernald Catalogue, but it isobviously not related to the type at all, and the following genericdiagnosis is therefore based wholly on the type species.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS 01" MALLOCOCCUS.Apparently Coccine forms having the adult female enclosed in atest composed of waxy threads, ovate, with well-developed legs andantennae, the latter 7-8 segmented, 2-segniented mentum, a singlespiracular spine opposite each spiracle, slender, acutely pointed mar-ginal spines, numerous large, conical dorsal spines, invaginated theirwhole length into the derm, numerous small 8-shaped pores dorsally,small slender tubular ducts and minute circular pores both dorsallyand ventrall}'', and two sizes of multilocular disk pores ventrally,anal ring with pores and six setae, surrounded by a pair of " platesunited below, free above ; larva eloiigate oval ; antennae 6-segmented,legs normal, claw with denticle, spiracular spines single, margin withsmall but stout spines, with a dorsal submedian row of 8-shaped poreson each side, anal lobes protruding, bearing an apical seta and stoutspines.In certain respects this genus resembles some members of the sub-family Asterolecaniinae so much that it stands either as a remark-able example of parallel modification or as a connecting unit indicat-ing a relationship between the two groups of genera.Genus LECANOCHITON Maskell.Plate 4, ng. 2.Genotype.?Lecanochiton nnetrosideri Maskell.7?e/ere7ice.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 147.Lecanochiton was established by Maskell with a single includedspecies, which therefore stands as the type. The small amount ofmaterial available for examination and the peculiar nature of thespecies has made this type a most difficult and unsatisfactory oneto study, and fresh, and perhaps living material is much neededto straighten out some points in its anatomy and to verify statementsmade here.The Maskell collection contains a single slide of "tests of adultfrom Kata, Jan. 1881," and a little unmounted material bearingNo. 31.Adult female.?Circular, convex, shaped like an inverted basket,covered by a test having the cast second stage skin in the middleof the dorsum (Maskell) ; anal cleft relatively long, dorsum heavilychitinized, venter slightly so, both clearing somewhat in potassiumhydroxide so the venter becomes transparent; antennae apparently
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. VOL. 60.3-segmented, legs apparently wanting; mentum apparently l-seg-mented, spiracles small ; marginal setae and spiracular spines appar-ently wanting; no dorsal or A^entral surface setae noted; dorsallywith scattered, small, slender tubular ducts penetrating the chitinthrough small clear openings, and a row of small closely set poresthrough the chitin running forward from the anal plates on eachside of the median line for a short distance; ventrally with onlytiny quinquelocular disk pores, these a few near the spiracles,
Fig. 23.
?
Lecanochiton metrosidbri Ma.skell.. A. larva, outline, ventral, X165; B.ADULT FEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 220 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE FROM ABOVE, X 32 ; D.ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 640 ; E. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335 ; F. LARVA, LEG, X 335 ; G.ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 440 ; H. LARVA, SPIRACLE AND SPINE, X 500 ; I. LARVA, ANALPLATES, X640.continued into a row of widely scattered pores running to the bodymargin, around this, and for some distance onto the dorsal surface;no similar pores noted near the anal plates ; anal plates small, slender,tapering, with a short, stout apical seta, one or two dorsal setae placedbehind the middle, with three ventral ridge setae and with a singlefringe seta on each side; anal ring set just anterior to the plates,small, with pores and apparently six setae.Larva.?Elongate oval, antennae 6-segmented, legs normal, alldigitules knobbed at apices, one of the tarsus longer and stouter thanthe other, one of the claw stouter than the other, claw without den-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MOERISOlSr. 71tide; margin of bodj^ with a single row of rather long, slender setae,spiraciilar spines stout, short, apices rounded, occurring singly,shorter than marginal setae, the latter accompanied by ventral sub-marginal and submedian rows of much smaller setae; anal plateseach half-oval, with three apical and subapical setae, all short, andone ventral seta; anal ring small, with pores and six setae.Cotype.?Q^i. No. 24769,' U.S.N.M.In 1890 Maskell described another species in this genus, an exami-nation of a specimen of which shows that it is very closely relatedto the type, although on the basis of the scant material availableapparently distinct. This species is L. ininor Maskell. The follow-ing generic diagnosis has been prepared from both these species, buteven then is incomplete in many respects, and is subject to revisionon the basis of the studj^ of more satisfactory material.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF LECANOCHITON.Coccine forms (of Fernald Catalogue), adult female Avith theexuvium of the preceding stage remaining attached to tlie middle ofthe dorsum, at least appearing as if covered by a hard test; dorsalderm heavily chitinized, body circular, convex, antennae present,size and number of segments reduced, legs wanting, mentum 1-seg-mented, spiracular spines wanting, marginal setae wanting, nodorsal or ventral derm setae, with slender tubular ducts dorsally andquinquelocular pores of one size ventrally adjacent to the spiracles,anal plates slender, with dorsal, apical, and ventral setae, one pairof fringe setae, no hypopj^gial setae, anal ring small, with poresand six setae; larva oval, antennae 6-segmented, legs normal, mar-ginal setae slender, spiracular spines single, stout, rounded at apex,anal plates half-oval, with apical setae, anal ring with pores andsix setae.Between the uncertainty in regard to some of the structural cliar-acters of the included species and the confusion existing in thegeneric classification of the subfamily in which the genus belongsthe writers are unable to offer any suggestions as to its relation-ships; the apparent retention of the exuvium of the preceding stageby the adult female appears to provide a distinguishing identifica-tion character which can be used until the true relationships ofthe genus have been determined.Genus CTENOCHITON Maskell.Plate 4, fig. 3.Genotype.?Ctenockiton viridis Maskell.Reference.?FQVT\ix\d, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 159, 161.In spite of the fact that this genus was described in 1879, the firstdesignation of a type species for it does not appear to have been made
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vol. 60.
until the publication of the Fernald Catalogue in 1903, at which timevi7'idis was indicated as the type.The Maskell collection contains three slides of the type species, oneof " old females from Rubus, June, 1877," one of " Female, early 3dstage, Jan. 1890," and one of "Adult male, 1890," and some un-mounted specimens under No. 33. It has been possible to obtainadditional mounted specimens from this latter material, and most ofthe following descriptive notes have been obtained from these latermounts. There is no positive evidence, however, that the unmountedspecimens were from the original type lot of material.Adult female.?Bright green in life (Maskell) ; very flat in driedstate, broadest behind, somewhat acuminate and asymmetrical an-teriorly; test incomplete and broken in old forms; derm not veryheavily chitinized; antennae small, slender, 6-segiTiented, the thirdvery long; legs small, normal, the claw very short and stout, thetarsal digitules slender, knobbed, the claw digitules more flattenedand expanded through their whole length ; mentum very short, broad,apparently 1-segmented ; margin of body with a row of widely sepa-rated, small, conical spines, placed about 4r-5 times their own lengthapart; spiracular spines represented by a single long spine oppositeeach spiracle; no dorsal setae observed; ventrally with long hairsnear the antennae, and in pairs anterior to the anal plates, and alsowith some small scattered hairs; dorsally with tiny tubular ducts,widely scattered and each surrounded (in stained specimens) by asmall, circular, clear area, also with a short transverse row of tinydisk pores some distance anterior to the anal plates and a few similaralong the body margin ; ventrally with a scattered row of quinque-locular disk pores between each spiracle and the margin, and withnumerous larger multilocular disk pores in transverse and encirclingbands anterior to and around the anal plates ; these latter circular tooval with as many as eleven to twelve loculi and oval centers, alsowith the tubular ducts ventrally, at least near the margin ; anal plates,when flattened, broad and stout, tapering to a blunt point posteriorly,with a slender apical spine, two similar, subapical, on the inner faceof each plate, and (probably) a much larger subapical dorsal seta(represented only by the clear spot in the chitin to which the basewas presumably attached), with two ventral setae near the base ofthe ridge, fringe setae apparently wanting ; anal ring with six setae,one pair larger and longer than the others, and a double row of pores,placed a little anterior to the anal plates.Intermediate stages.?Not available.Lai^a? (embryonic only). Broad ovate, slightly narrowed behind;antennae 6-segmented; legs normal, claw without denticle, tarsaldigitules knobbed, one much stouter than the other, the more slenderinserted a little above the other, claw digitules similar, one much
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 73
FIO. 24.-CTENOCHITON VIRIDIS MaSKELL. A. LARVA, X U5 ; B. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACDLARAND MARGINAL SPINES, X 500 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE, X 12 ; D. ADULT FEMALE SPI-RACULAR DISK PORE, X 1500 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 165 ; F. ADULT FEMALEDISK PORES ANTERIOR TO ANAL PLATES, TWO VIEWS, X 1500 ; G. LARVA, ANAL PLATEs'X640; H. LARVA, SPIRACLE TO MARGINAL SPINE, X 640 ; I. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA X 166 'J. ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT. X 1500 ; K. LARVA, LEG. X 335 ; L. ADULT FEMALE, DHCTXlSOO; M. ADULT FEMALE, LEC, X 165 ; N. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 335.3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.60 33
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stouter than the other ; spiracular spines single, relatively large andstout, margin with a widely separated row of small slender setae;with 2-3 tiny quinquelocular disk pores between each spiracle and itsspine, no other pores noted ; anal plates triangular, with a long apicalseta, not reticulated; anal ring small, with pores, and, apparently,six setae.Ootype.?C^t. No. 24770 U.S.N.M.A considerable number of species has been included in this genus,and while it is not possible to comment accurately regarding the dis-position of most of these, on account of the confusion existing in thisand related genera, it seems probable that most of the New Zealandsepecies now included here are rather closely related to the type andmay be left in the genus for the present; C. eucalypti Maskell andC. rhizophorae Maskell do not appear to be congeneric with the type,but we can not indicate their proper location at present ; C. ceUulosaCockerell appears to be a Ceroplastodes in the sense of Ceroplastodescajani (Maskell), which in turn is probably not congeneric with thetype of Oeroplastodes. Beyond these, no suggestions can be offeredat this time as to the remainder of the species now included in thegenus.The following generic diagnosis has been prepared chiefly from thedescription of the type species, with reference to some of the otherincluded species. GENEKIC DIAGNOSIS OF CTENOCHITON.Coccine forms (of Fernald Catalogue) ; adult female more or lessconvex, usually x^ry slightly so, covered in life with glassy, whitish,or transparent wax plates, these often fragile and broken or wanting,projecting beyond the body margin like saw teeth when perfect;antennae G-8-segmented, the third usually long; legs and spiraclesnormal, the claw digitules somewhat swollen, claw with or withoutdenticle, mentum 1-segmented, marginal setae small, conical spinesset variably from very close together to some distance apart, accord-ing to the species, spiracular spines single, large, strongly differen-tiated, dorsal .setae wanting or very small, dorsal spines present ina definite pattern in some species, ventral setae few. not conspicuous,derm with tiny tubular ducts and, ventrally, with two sizes of multi-locular disk pores, with or without other types of pores, anal cleftshort, plates small, tapering behind, with apical and subapical setaeand a large dorsal pore (or hair base) , with ventral ridge setae, with-out fringe setae, without hypopygial setae, anal ring placed anteriorto plates, with six setae and double row of pores; larva ovate, anten-nae 6-segmented, legs normal, spiracular spines occurring singly,marginal setae small, slender, spiracular disk pores present, anal
'rri. VJ. IvIASKELL GENEKA OF COCGIDAE MOKRISON". 75plates triangular, with long apical seta, anal ring small, with poresand six setae. Genus INGLISIA Elaskeli.Plate 4, fig. 4.Genotype.?Inglisia patella Maskell.^e/erewce.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 162, 163.Inglisia was first described by Maskell in 1879, and originally in-cluded only the single species patella., which consequently stands asthe type.This species is represented in the Maskell collection by a singleslide of " rostrum, antennae, foot, and spiracle, June, 1881," and bya very few unmounted specimens under No. 46. There is thus noindication that Maskell retained in his collection the specimens hestudied when describing the species and genus, and it seems probablethat they are no longer in existence. The species is so distinct incertain structural characters, however, that there would seem to be noquestion as to the identity of the later material with that originallydescribed.Adult female.?The glassy external covering, as described byMaskell, that is limpet-shaped; body indistinctly eight-sided, analcleft very short, derm clearing completely in potassium hydroxide,convex above, but flattening without injury on mounting; antennaesmall and short, indistinctly 7-segmented; legs small, short, normal,joint between tibia and tarsus somewhat indistinct, tarsal digitulesslender, knobbed, but one larger than the other, claw digitules en-larged, both swollen at tips, claw small and stout, without denticle;mentum 1-segmented. small; spiracles small, not strongly constrictedin middle; marginal spines small, short, of two distinctly differentsorts, one stout, clavate, the other slender, tapering, straight, bothset in cup-shaped sockets and normally alternating ; spiraoular spinesnot differentiated, their location indicated only by a slight marginalindentation and a few quinquelocular pores; both dorsally andventrally with a few tiny, slender setae, especiall}^ near the margin,and with a transverse row of the same some distance anterior to theanal plates; with only slender tubular ducts, mostly along themargin, probably dorsally and with a few tiny quinquelocular pores,all of one size, between each spiracle and the body margin, andaround the anal plates; dorsally, just behind the conical apex of thebody, with a pair of large somewhat quadrate compound cribriformplates; submarginal tubercles apparent^ wanting; anal plates small,short triangular, the inner face of each from a little anterior to themiddle to the apex with five large " pores," presumably the in-sertions for short spines, with a similar pore dorsally about a third
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. VOL. 60.
of the plate length from the posterior end, the presence or absenceof ventral fringe or hypopygial setae not determinable; anal ring
Fig. 25. INGLISIA PATELLA MaSKELL. A. LARVA, ANAL PLATES, X 640 ; B. ADULT FEMALE,OUTLINE or BODY, X 17.5 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, DORSAL CRIBRIFORM PLATE, X 220 ; D. ADULTFEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 500 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULAR POKE, X 1500 ; F. LARVA,MARGINAL SPINE, X 1500 ; H. EMBRYONIC LARVA, X 165 ; I. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA,XS35; J. ADULT FEMALE, LEO, X 335 ; K. ADULT FEMALE, MARGINAL SPINE, ONB SORT,Xl500; L. ADULT FEMALE, PORTION OF MARGIN OPPOSITE SPIRACLE, X 500 ; M. LARVA,ANTENNA, X 335 ; N. ADULT FEMALE, MARGINAL .SPINE, SECOND SORT, X 1500 ,' O. LARVA,LEG, X335; P. ADULT FEMALE, TUBUL.\R DUCT, X 1500.
relatively large, placed a little before the plates, with pores and sixsetae?not eight.Intermediate stages.?Not available.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCLDAE MORRISON. 77Larva (embryonic).?Elongate oval, antennae G-segmented, legsnormal, claw with denticle, digitules slender, one tarsal longer andlarger than the other, inserted above it, one of the claw similarlyenlarged; mentum very short, 1-segmented; body margin with acontinuous closely set row of clavate spines, some slightly smallerthan others, accompanied above and below by more widely sepa-rated tiny submarginal setae ; with a pair of long slender hairs ven-trally anterior to the anal ring; body apparently without glandpores ; anal plates slender, tapering, with a long apical seta and sixother slender setae ; anal ring small, with pores and six setae.Cotype.?Cixt. No. 24771, U.S.N.M.Eleven species besides the type have been included in this genusby various writers. After an examination of specimens or descrip-tions of all of these, the conclusion that no one of them is congenericwith the type is unavoidable. The peculiar character of the margi-nal spines and the complete lack of differentiation of the spiracularspines in both adult and larva, and the development of the unusualcompound cribriform plates in the adult all serve to separate thetype species sharply and widely from the other species included inthe genus, and similarly from the other species and genera of thegroup in which the genus has been placed, in so far as the latter areknown to the writers.The following generic diagnosis is therefore confined to the typespecies. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF INGLISIA.Coccine forms (of Fernald Catalogue) covered, in the older stagesat least, by a glassy, vertically striated test or shell, conical in thetype; body of adult female delicate, convex above, short and themargin angular, anal cleft very short, antennae indistinctly 7-seg-mented, legs normal, mentum 1-segmented, marginal spines of twosorts, tapering and slender, and stout clavate, alternating, spiracu-lar spines not differentiated, dorsal and ventral setae present, mostlyvery few and scattered, with only long tubular ducts and smallquinquelocular disk pores (ventral), anal plates small, triangular,with several stout setae along inner margin of each, anal ring withpores and six setae; larva elongate oval, antennae 6-segmented, legsnormal, body margin with continuous series of closely set clavatespines, spiracular spines not differentiated, anal plates slender, ta-pering, with long apical seta and several others, anal ring withpores and six setae.Some of the structural characters of this genus suggest a relation-ship to the subfamily Asterolecaninae, notably the dorsal cribriformplates, the peculiarly shaped anal plates, and the glassy externalcovering, but other characters do not bear out this suggested rela-
78 PROCEEDIlNi GS OF THE NATIOISrAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.tionship, so the o:enus aj^pears actually to be rather anomalous amongthe Coccinae and may stand alone as a distinct tribe when the genericclassification of this subfamily is reorganized.Genus PARALECANIUM Cockerell.Plate 4, fig. 5.Genotype.?Lecanium frenchii Maskell.Reference.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 199.The type of this genus was specifically designated as being Le-canium frenchii Maskell at the time Professor Cockerell erected thesubgenus Paraleccmium^ which he later raised to generic standing.The Maskell collection includes three slides of the type species, oneof " adult female, Aug. 1890," one of " antenna of female, Aug., 1890,"and one of " 2nd stage female, Aug., 1890," besides which there are afew unmounted specimens under No. 131.Adult female.-?Flat, broad oval, dorsal derm heavily chitinized,dark brown; derm clearing only a little when boiled in potassiumhydroxide; body with clear radial lines extending part way in to-ward the center all the way aromid the margin, these continued aslarge areolations in the middorsal region ; antennae small, slender,8-segmented; legs small, slender, normal, claw apparently withoutdenticle, digitules slender, knobbed at apex; spiracles small, slenderin middle; mentum small, short, 1-segniented ; marginal flabellasmall, faintly striate, triangular with rounded corners, not overlap-ping; spiracular spines in threes, the middle one somewhat longer,all slightly clavate; dorsal surface with an occasional small slenderhair, ventral surface with two pairs of relatively large setae anteriorto the anal ring, and with scattered minute setae; derm with occa-sional clear pores through the chitin dorsally, probably representingthe openings of tubular ducts, although details of such can not bemade out, ventrally with a row of tiny quinquelocular pores betweeneach spiracle and its marginal spines, similar pores in all probabilitypresent in the ventral anal region, although here again they are notobservable; anal plates elongate, triangular, posterio-lateral marginsomewhat longer than anterio-lateral ; anal plate setae very few, onlya single submedian one observed dorsally, apparently without apicalsetae, and with only a single fringe seta ventrally, these very small,and possibly with a few more present; anal ring small, stout, nor-mally placed anterior to the plates, with pores and six long setae.Intermediate stages.?None available for examination. (Maskell's2nd stage female apparently a late first stage larva.)Larva.? (Maskell's 2nd stage female.) Only one specimen badlyattacked by fungus, so that nearly all the characters are obscured,those visible shown in figure.Cotype.?QQ,t. No. 24772, U. S. N. M.
AHT. 12. MASKELL GENEEA OF COCCIDAE MOKRISON. 79Between fifteen and twenty species and varieties besides the typehave been placed in this genus, all of which, with the possible ex-ception of P. Tnariomum Cockerell appear to be correctly placed.Nearly all the published work on the included species has been doneby Mr. E. E. Green."
Fig. 26.
?
Paralecanium frbnchii (Maskell). A. latb larva, outline of body, X165;B. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 220 ; C. LATH LAEVA, ANAL PLATES, X 220 ; D. ADULTFEMALE, PORTION OF BODY MARGIN, X 165 ; E, ADULT FEMALE, MARGINAL FLABELLA, X 610 ;F. LATE LARVA, SPIRACULAR SPINES, X 640 ; G. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULAR SPINES, X 6-10 ;H. ADULT FEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 220 ; I. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY FROMABOVE, X 17.5.In the following generic diagnosis an attempt has been made tocover all of the included species, with the single exception notedabove. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF PAEALKCANItJM.Coccine forms (of the Fernald Catalogue), normally leaf in-habiting; adult female with body flat, circular to oval, medium in
"Chiefly in his Coccidae of Ceylon (pt. 3, 1904, pp. 235-247).
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. vol.60.
size, covered by a thin film of transparent wax, usually with marginindented at anal cleft and opposite spiracles, the cleft short, dermheavily chitinized at maturity, usually some shade of brown, atleast after death, derm usually with large quadrate or polygonaldepressed areas in rows in the middorsal area, with numerouslarge faint areolations in groups or clusters, with the dorsummore or less distinctly divided up into plates by clear lines,with a ventral marginal chitinous zone of varying width; an-tennae present, well developed or more or less reduced; legs pres-ent, reduced or wanting ; spiracles not unusual ; mentum short, stout,1-segmented; marginal spines enlarged into broad, flattened flabellaof varying shapes; spiracular spines present, set in incisions withfrom three to many to a group, stout, not tapering to apex, tipsrounded ; dorsal setae, if present, few, scattered, minute ; ventral setae,if present, similar with pairs of larger setae anterior to the analplates; dorsal specialized derm pores, if present, probably confined toa few long tubular ducts, ventrally with multilocular disk pores oftwo sizes, the larger below the anal plates, the smaller between spira-cles and margin ; anal plates small, triangular, the sides straight andthe corners usually sharp, with a varying number of both dorsal andventral setae, these all very small ; minute fringe setae present, hypo-pygial setae wanting; anal ring small, placed anterior to the analplates, with pores and six long setae; larva oval, antennae 6-seg-mented ; legs normal, marginal setae slender, individual setae widelyseparated; spiracular spines one to three set on a chitinized incisionof the body margin ; anal plates long, slender, with long apical seta.The salient characters of the genus lie in the curious marginalflabellae, and these, together with the characters already described,make its members readily recognizable. The genus PlatylecaniurtiCockerell is the nearest relative of Paralecanium known to thewriters, having the same characteristic external appearance, but themarginal spines slender, seta-like, and not expanded into flabellae.Genus CRYPTES Cockerell and Parrott.Plate 5, fig. 1.Genotype.?Lecanium haccatum Maskell.Reference.?F&Tiv2iU, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 209.This genus, which is credited to " Crawford " in the Fernald Cata-logue, is a parallel case to that of EHum in so far as the proper as-signment of an author name is concerned. Crawford merely used thename as a specimen label in his collection; Maskell simply recordsthe fact that Crawford did this, and goes further, in describing thespecies as a Lecanium., and shows his own conviction that the newgeneric name used by Crawford is not necessary. The first definite
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 81
use of the name as a unit in the classification of the Coccidae is byCockerell and Parrott.^^
Fig. 27.
?
Ceyptes baccatcs (Maskell). A. larva, anal plates, X44o; B. adultFEMALE, ANAL PLATES, X 165 ; C. LARVA, OUTLINE OP BODY, X 115 ; D. LARVA, MIDDLE LEG,X220; E. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 220 ; P. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 220 ; G. ADULT FEMALE,LEG, X115; H. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULAR SPINE REGION, X 220 ; I. ADULT FEMALE, AB-DOMINAL VENTRAL DISK PORE, X 1500 ; J. LARVA, SPIRACLE TO MARGIN, X 640 ; K. ADULTFEMALE, BODY SPINE, X 1500 ; L. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACULAR PORE, X 1500 ; M. ADULTFEMALE, SPIRACI-E VTITH PORES, X 220 ; N. ADULT FEMALE, TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500.The Maskell collection contains two slides of this species, one of
" rostrum, antenna, and foot of female, Australia, 1891," and one of
" larvae, 1891." There is also a considerable quantity of unmountedi^The Industrialist, 1899, p. 162.
82 PKOCEEDIlSrGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. GO.
material, evidently from different collections, bearing No. 64, andfrom the latter it has been possible to obtain additional mounts forstudy, although it has not been possible to determine with certaintywhich unmounted lot of material represents the type lot.Adult female.?Strongly convex, globular, or, when closelycrowded, even higher, usually pale yellow in color, anal cleft com-pletely fused, the anal plates placed in a slightly chitinized platehigh up on the posterior face of the body ; derm clearing completelyin younger specimens, more or less chitinized in the older, more fullymatured forms; antennae small, 8-segmented; legs small, slender,normal, all digitules slender and knobbed at apices, claw with denti-cle; spiracles normal; mentum short, 1-segmented; marginal setaesmall, entire, scattered, not in a distinct row ; spiracular spines verystout, short, blunt tipped, normallj^ with two opposite each anteriorand one opposite each posterior spiracle; derm with occasional tinysetae, especially beneath; dorsally with an occasional long tubularduct with threadlike continuation, ventrally with small quinque-locular disk pores betw^een spiracles and margin and numerous muchlarger multilocular pores over the ventral surface of the abdomen;anal plates half oval, outer angle rounded off, the ends pointed, withabout four dorsal setae, near posterior apex, and one apical seta,ventral ridge with five large setae; no fringe setae as such noted; nohypopygial setae; anal ring placed below and within the plates,small, oval, apparently without pores, but with numerous (about 16)closely set setae.Intermediate stages.?Not recognized.Larva.?Body elongate oval; antennae 6-segmented, slender; legsslender, long, normal, all digitules slender, threadlike with knobbedtips, one tarsal digitule smaller than the other and inserted above it,claw with denticle at apex ; body margin with a series of rather longsetae, blunt-tipped and mostly bent or curved backwards ; spiracularspines very short, stout, and bluntly rounded, normally with twojopposite each anterior spiracle and one opposite each posterior, rarelywith two opposite the latter ; Avithout dorsal setae or pores ; ventrallywith two submarginal rows of small setae on each side, paralleling thejmarginal, of which the setae of the outer row are about twice thelength of those of the inner row ; derm pores confined to the smalquinqueloculars, in rows of from two to four, between the spiraclesand the margin; anal plates half oval, pointed posteriorly, withlong apical seta as much as two-thirds the body length, but usualbbroken off more or less; with two subapical and one dorsal tetaejwith one ventral ridge seta; apparently with one fringe seta; hy-popygial setae wanting; anal ring small, placed just below theanterior end of the plates, with six setae.Cotype.?C2it. No. 24773, U.S.N.M.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCGIDAE MORKISON. 83Besides the type species, a variet}^ has been described by Fuller,but the writers are able to contribute nothing regarding the latter.The following generic diagnosis has been based to the descriptionof the type species. GENEIUC DIAGNOSIS OF cnYX'TES.Coccine forms (of the Fernald Catalogue), adult female naked,globular, with anal cleft completely fused, antennae 8-segmented,legs, spiracles and mentum normal, the latter 1-segmented, marginalsetae small, tapering, irregularly arranged, spiracular spines veryshort, stout, and blunt, not more than two opposite any spiracle,dorsal body setae few and scattered, derm pores confined to longtubular ducts and multilocular disk pores of two sizes, anal plateshalf oval with large dorsal, subapical and apical and ventral ridgesetae, no fringe setae, no hypopygial setae, anal ring located belowand v.'ithin anal plates, small, oval, with numerous (about IG) setae;larva elongate, antennae 6-segmented, legs, mentum and spiraclesnormal, marginal setae large, blunt-tipped, curved or bent back-wards, spiracular spines stout, very short, blunt-tipped, two oppo-site anterior, normall}'^ one opposite posterior spiracles, anal plateswith very long apical setae and large dorsal, subapical and ventralridge setae, no hypopygial setae, anal ring with six setae.The form of the male pupa case and the structural characters ofthe female and larva as given above are quite sufficient to isolate thisspecies generically, and the male pupa case, as described and figuredby Maskell and commented on by Cockerell, at least indicates thepossibility that G. haccatus digresses widely from the normal Coccinetype. To the best of the writer's belief, Kermes acaciae Maskellrepresents a mixture of this species and of some species of EHococcus^the immature stages, as described by Maskell being of the larva andadult of the Eriococcus^ while the adult of Maskell is the adult ofCryptes haccatus. In view of the known host habits of Kermes.^ thisis a logical expectation, and the writers propose the synonomy indi-cated, subject to future revision.Genus ALECANOPSIS Cockerell.Plate 5, fig. 2.Genotype.?Lecanopsis filicum Maskell.Reference.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 211.This genus lias never included more than the single, type species.The Maskell collection of Coccidae contains a single unmountedspecimen bearing the No. 300, and two slides, one of " adult female,1893," and one of " antennae of female, 1893." The United States
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60.Bureau of Entomology collection possesses a few specimens takenfrom the roots of grass, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, collectedby A. Koebele, which from a careful comparison with Maskell's speci-mens appear to be the same species, and owing to the unsatisfactorycondition of Maskell's mounts, some of the description and the figuresgiven below have necessarily been taken from the South Australianspecimens.Adult female.?Body strongly convex, wrinkled, dark reddishbrown, etc., as described by Maskell; derm clearing after treatmentwith potassium hydroxide; antennae small and short, 6-segmented;legs much reduced, semi-rudimentary, the joints very indistinct, theclaw stout and short, both pairs of digitules present, slender,knobbed; spiracles large, stout and heavily chitinized, considerablymore developed than in the normal coccine forms; mentum very
Fig. 28.
?
Alecanopsis filicum (Ma.skbi.l) , adult female. A. spiracular disk poke,X 1500 ; B. anal plates, X i65 ; C. lfx5, X 220 ; D. antenna, X 220 ; E. derm pore aboveANAL PIRATES, X 1500 ; F. VENTRAL ABDOMINAL MDLTILOCnLAR DISK PORES, X 1500 ; G.SPIRACDLAR SPINE AND ADJACENT PORES, X 165 ; H. SMAI-L TUBULAR DUCTS, X 1500 ; I.DERM SETA, X 500 ; J. LARGE TUBULAR DUCT, X 1500.
short and broad, small, 1-segmented ; derm with tubular ducts, large!and small, scattered rather uniformly throughout, and ventrally withmultilocular disk pores, all of approximately one size, normally withabout seven loculi, but variable, as shown in figure, in transverserows anterior to the anal plates, with pores of similar size, butnormally quinquelocular, in rather heavy bands between the spiracles]and the margin, dorsally anterior to the anal plates with some cir-cular indistinctly trilocular disk pores ; marginal setae stiff, tapering,entire, rather long, scattered and not in a single row in one plane!and sometimes two deep, not continuous clear up to the spiracularspines; the latter short, stout, somewhat clavate, with one, or rarelyJ
AET. Ii2. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 85two, opposite each spiracle, placed in the midst of a group of diskpores; dorsal derm with an occasional small stiff seta, these muchmore numerous and larger in the area around the anal plates, ventralderm with an occasional large stiff seta anteriorly, and a number ofthe same in transverse rows, one to each abdominal segment, pos-teriorly; anal plates stout triangular, the anterio-lateral marginlonger than the posterio-lateral, the apices rounded, bearing three orfour subapical and apical setae dorsally, and about five to sevenlarger ventral setae, mostly subapical, but probably continuous witha row of fringe setae which was not observable in the Maskell mounton account of its condition ; no hypopygial setae noted ; anal ringrelatively large, not very heavy, with a double row of pores andnumerous (perhaps as many as 24) rather long, stout setae.Immature stages.?None available for examination.The following generic diagnosis has been based wholly on thepreceding description.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ALECANOPSIS.Coccine forms of the Fernald catalogue, having a subterraneanhabit; adult female strongly convex, wrinkled, derm not heavilychitinized, antennae reduced, 6-segmented, legs much reduced, jointsindistinct, mentum very short, 1-segmented, spiracles considerablylarger than normal, and more heavily chitinized, derm pores includ-ing tubular ducts of two distinct sizes, somewhat variable multiloc-ular disk pores, those opposite spiracles with five loculi, those ante-rior to anal plates with seven, and dorsally with obscurely triloculardisk pores anterior to anal plates, all derm setae slender, but stiff, themarginal scattered, entire, not in continuous row, the spiracularspines stout, clavate, one or two opposite each spiracle, dorsal setaesnjall, ventral larger, but still small, anal plates broad triangular,with a few dorsal apical and subapical setae, a number of larger ven-tral ridge setae, and some large fringe setae, anal ring rather slender,with pores and very numerous (over 20) setae.The writers have no specimens of Lecanopsis available for exami-nation, and are therefore unable to make a critical comparison of itwith Alecanopsis. Professor Cockerell established the genus in 1901on the very superficial characters of the shape of the body, the color,and the reduction of the legs and antennae. This reduction, in con-nection with the enlargement of the spiracles, the habit and the greatincrease in the number of anal ring setae are probably quite sufficientto separate this genus from all of the other genera now included inthe Coccinae of the Fernald catalogue.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.Subfamily Diaspinae.Genus POLIASPIS Maskell.Plate 5, fig. 3.Genotype.?Poliaspis media Maskell.Reference.?Fevn^U, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 243.Maskell established this genus on the basis of the type species only,although a number of additional species have been placed in itsubsequentl3\The species is represented in the Maskell collection by a singleslide, presumably the type one, labeled " female, 2 stages fromVeronica, Jan. 1879." There is also some unmounted material inthe Maskell collection under No. 27, while the National Collection ofCoccidae also contains some material received from Maskell throughCockerell, and supposed to be a portion of Maskell's type material.Such slides as have been prepared from this last and from Maskell'sunmounted specimens appear to represent a different species fromthat mounted by Maskell in 1879. The following specific descrip-tion has therefore been confined to the material on the type slide,and on account of its condition certain details of structure havenecessarily been omitted.Adult ferndle.?Scale as described by Maskell: body elongate oval,tapering somewhat posteriorly, membranous, except a portion of thepygidium; antennae small, flattened tubercles with one or two longspines; spiracles slender, each accompanied by a close group ofpores, the anterior with about 15-20, the posterior with about 12-15
;
margin of head with a few small setae : margins of thorax and ab-dominal segments with a few small setae and with short, smalltubular ducts and slender gland spines with broadly expanded bases,these latter extending in from the margin ventrally; hind marginof posterior abdominal segments with a definite row of tubularducts on each side and another similar row about midway betweencenter and margin, these dorsal; pygidium not especially large norprominent, not sharply separated from remainder of body, roundedat apex, median lobes large, not contiguous, more or less protrud-ing, strongly diverging, the margins rounded off and finely crenulatein part, lobes joined by a heavy chitinized thickening, and with apair of sharp, converging setae between the lobes; inner lobule ofsecond lobes smaller, somewhat asymmetrical, the apex rounded, theouter lobule broadly triangular, inconspicuous, the two lobules o^the third lobes represented only by inconspicuous marginal projec-tions; margin beyond lobes broken, but without distinct teeth orcrenulations ; gland spines relatively long and slender, one outsideeach median lobe, one beyond the second lobes, one beyond the rudi-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 87ments of the third lobes, then one more near the basal angles of thepygidium; marginal setae, dorsally one anterior to outer angle ofmedian lobe, one above outer lobule of second lobes, then two moreat increasing intervals, ventrally the median pair and one approxi-
FlG. 29. rOLIASPIS MEDIA MASKELL. A. ADULT FEMALE, PTGIDIUM, X 220 ; B. POLIASPIS,SPECIES, LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 500 ; C. POLIASPIS MEDIA, INTERMEDIATE STAGE,FEMALE, MARGIN OF PYGIDIUM, X 500 ; D. POLIASPIS, SPECIES, LARVA, OUTLINE OF BODY,X230; E. POLIASPIS MEDIA, ADULT FEMALE, MARGIN OF PYGIDIUM, X 500.mately just below each of the dorsal setae; without incisions or para-physes ; anal opening rather small, placed much nearer anteriormargin of the pj^gidium ; paragenitals in eight groups, the medianC-T, supplementary median 6-8, anterio-laterals 14?22, supplemen-tary anterio-laterals 5-10, posterio-laterals 25-35 ; marginal pores
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.
short tubular, of moderate size, one opening just inside second lobe,and with a short spinelike marginal projection opposite it, thenwith two in a group, one inside, one anterior to the rudimentarythird lobes, and after an interval two more; dorsal pores placed indefinite closely set rows, inner with three to four, posterior groupof second roAv with about 6-8, anterior group with 5-6, third rowwith about 7 in posterior group and 6-7 in the anterior; ventrallywith a number of micropores, the ducts of these rather short andstout, the exact number and position of these not determinable fromMaskell's type slide ; with two widely separated, small, dorsal setaeon each side, these above and within the posterio-lateral parageni-tals; ventrally with small submarginal setae opposite the marginal,and with a pair of smaller setae within and opposite each spacebetween the anterio- and posterio-lateral paragenitals ; perhaps withothers anterior to these, but not definitel-f discernible in the materialexamined; p^^gidium, while somewhat chitinized, without basal orventral thickenings; with faintly defined, long triangular, dorsalthickenings running in from the posterior margin opposite the firsttwo pairs of lobes.Intermediate stage female.?Essentially similar to the adult, dif-fering principally in the absence of the paragenitals and in the re-duced size and development of the pores, etc.Larva.? (Of Poliaspis, species, but not included in the Maskellslide mount ; included for the sake of the greatest possible complete-ness.) Oval, antennae 5-segmented, the terminal not annulate; dor-sally at apex with a pair of double, heavily chitinized, tubular ducts
;
legs normal; apex of abdomen with a pair of long apical setae be-tween which are a pair of triangular projections, similar in shape togland spines, but apparently without internal ducts, and with twosmall setae, outside of which are two well-developed but tiny lobesand between these a relatively large gland spine, then outside thesecond lobe another gland spine, followed by several much smallerones on the margin of the abdominal segments, a pair to each.Eight species have been placed in this genus in addition to thetype. These appear to the writers to belong to at least three andpossibly four different groups. P. pini Maskell is quite obviously amember of the Lepidosaphes series. P. canssae Cockerell appearsto have its relationships with the group represented by DinaspisLeonardi. The status of P. exocarpi Maskell, P. 7iitens Fuller, andP. intermedia Fuller is more doubtful, but the writers at presentconsider their inclusion in this genus as open to question. It is notpossible to comment definitely on P. casuarinae Lidgett. So far asmay be determined from available material and descriptions, P.argentosis Brittain, P. cycadis Comstock, and P. kiggelariae Brainmay be properlv included with P. media Maskell. In examining
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 89these species, no attention has been given to the question of possiblespecific synonomy.The following generic diagnosis has been based largely on thespecific description preceding.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF P0LIASPI3.Diaspine forms, probably belonging in the generic group contain-ing Aulacaspis fentagona (Targioni) ; scale of male elongate, Chi-onaspis-like, but without carinae ; scale of female elongate pyriform,exuviae terminal; body of adult female membranous, elongate oval,antennae tiny tubercles, spiracles normal, all accompanied by aclosely set cluster of pores, margins of thoracic and abdominal seg-ments with small short tubular ducts, gland spines and tiny setae,pygidium rounded, median lobes large, more or less protruding, notcontiguous, with an intermediate pair of setae, second and third lobesmore or less developed, divided into two lobules where distinct, glandspines present, the posterior ones arranged singly, marginal setaenormal, without incisions or chitinous thickenings, anal openingmoderate, circular, nearer base than apex of pygidium, paragenitalspresent, in eight groups, marginal pores present, axis longitudinal,inner single, remainder in pairs, dorsal pores in distinct linear rows,split into two groups, axis longitudinal, pygidium with some indis-tinct thickenings running cephalad from margin, with ventral mi-cropores and both dorsal and ventral setae; intermediate female ingeneral similar to adult, but without paragenitals and less developed
;
young larva oval, with 5-segmented antennae, a pair of large cephalictubular ducts, apex of abdomen with long setae, two pairs of lobesand gland spines. Genus PHAULASPIS Leonardi.Plate 5, fig. 4.Genotype.?Asjndiotus haJceae Maskell.Reference.?F^viidildi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 251, 260.Leonardi first established the genus Phaulaspis in 1897, designat-ing haheae as the type. Later, in 1900, he substituted Cryptaonidia^with the same type, for Phaulaspis^ but without an explanation ofhis action. There appears to be no question but that the first namehas precedence over the later one.The Maskell collection contains eight slides of this species, twoof " adult female, 1895," one of " male, 1895," one of " male pupa,1895," one of "larva, 1895," one of "1st pellicle 2, 1895," one of" 2nd pellicle $ , 1895," and one of " pellicles 2 1895." There is alsosome unmounted material under No. 483,3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.60 34
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol. 60.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell; body normallynearly circular, with the pj^gidium slightly protruding, often appear-ing oval, broader than long, due to the failure of the abdominal seg-ments to expand during treatment; derm membranous, pj'^gidiumslightly chitinized ; antennae tiny tubercles pointed at tip, but with-out setae ; spiracles small, stout, not accompanied by pores ; abdominalsegments rather indistinct, with little clusters of short tubular ductsand tiny spines set in rings, beneath and at the margins of segments,the ducts more numerous; pj^gidium without lobes or plates, themargin somewhat undulating, with a small median ventral, mar-ginal, chitinized thickening, this with a tiny seta on each side; dor-sally with four small setae on each half of the pygidium, the firsttwo, one anterior to the other, not far beyond the chitinous thicken-ing, the third and fourth widely separated, and much bej^ond thefirst two, all submarginal; ventrall}?^ with the same number, but ofsmaller setae, and with the pair at the outer end of the row, insteadof the inner ; with a few scattered, tiny, tubular ducts ventrally closeto the margin; paragenitals wanting; anal opening large, circular totriangular, placed rather close to the posterior apex of the pygidium,with distinct internal tube; apparently without dorsal setae or pores;ventrally with a single seta on each side anterior to and diagonallyoutside of the anal ring and three more in a group in the same direc-tion near the anterior edge of the pygidium ; nearly all of the pos-terior margin of the pygidium broadly but faintly thickened.Intemiediate stage female.?Cast skin large, very convex, coveringthe adult, approximately circular, margin of pygidium of this stagewith lobes and spines as shown in figure ; body itself nearly circular,antennae short tubercles bearing two rounded knobs and three spines
;
margin of abdominal segments with a very few setae and tubularducts; pygidium with two pairs of well-developed lobes, the medianlargest, protruding strongly, deeply notched at apices, with the outertooth shorter than inner, second lobes similar in shape, but muchsmaller and less prominent, and with a blunt tooth bej^ond these,probably corresponding to third lobe; marginal setae, dorsal, onesmall, on outer edge of median lobe, one, large, outside of second lobe,one, large, bej'^ond marginal tooth, and one more, large, near end ofpygidium, ventral, possibly one on median lobes, one beneath andbeyond each of the other three dorsal setae, all small; with an in-cision with more or less distinctly thickened edges between themedian and second lobes and traces of another outside of the secondlobes ; no marginal paraphyses ; anal opening median, circular, fairlyclose to apex of pygidium ; dorsal marginal tubular pores ore or twoopening into first incision, two or three in the rudimentary secondincision, and one beyond each of the three large dorsal marginalsetae; with a micropore tube between the median lobes and another
AST. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE?MORRISON. 91
Fig. 30.
?
Phaulaspis hakeah (Maskell). A. lauva, outline, Xi65; B. intermedi.-.teSTAGE, CAST SKIN, X57.5; C. LARVA, DORSAL PORE PLATE, X 640, WITH DETAIL OF ONE OFINCLUDED PORES, X 150O ; D. ADULT FEMALE, PYGiniUM, X 220 ; E. ADTTLT FEMALE, OUTLINE,X57.5; F. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, APEX OF PTGIDIUM, X 335 ; G. LARVA, CAST SKIN,'X 57.5 ; H. LARVA, LEG, X 640 ; I. APEX OF LARVA, X 335 ; J. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 640 ; K.ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ; L. SAME, SPIRACLE, X 640 ; M. INTERMEDIATE STAGEFEMALE, MARGIN OF PYGIDIDM OF CAST SKIN, X 220 ; N. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE,ANTENNA, X 640.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vol. GO.opening on each median lobe; with long but indistinct thickeningsrunning from the median lobes far past the anal opening.Larva.?Cast skin nearly circular, slightly narrowed behind, show-ing the two pore plates near center of body, and the remains of theappendages; embryonic larva broad oval, antennae 5-segmented, thelast very long, legs slender ; with a pair of large poriferous plates inthe mid-dorsal region, these with a few tubular ducts and numerousS-shaped center pores ; margin of body with tubular ducts and tinysetae; pygidium with anal opening close to apex; a median chitinizednotch, long apical setae, then the median lobes, well developed andnotched, and outside of these a few setae and tubular ducts.Cotyve.?Q^i. No. 24774, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis is based on the preceding speciesdescription
:
GENEiaC DIAGNOSIS OF PHAULASPIS.Diaspine forms, probably related to the Aspidiotus series, the adultfemale covered by and more or less enclosed within the convex castskin of the preceding stage, the secretionary covering thin, usuallydestroyed, body circular, membranous, pygidium slightly chitinized,antennae tubercles without any long setae, spiracles small, withoutpores, with small clusters of short tubular ducts and tiny spines alongmargin of abdomen, pygidium without lobes or plates, margin un-dulating, with a few tiny marginal and submarginal setae, with somesmall tubular ducts at margin, anal opening large, with internaltube, placed near apex, paragenitals wanting, dorsal pores wanting;intermediate stage female puparium strongly convex, reddish brown,circular, body circular, antennae longer than in adult, with setae,abdominal segments with a few setae and pores at margin, pygidiumwith two pairs of lobes, Diaspidiotus-like, no plates, dorsal andventral spines, more or less developed marginal incisions with thick-ened edges, no paraphj'ses, anal opening near apex, with dorsalmarginal pores, a few micropores; larva broad oval, developed with-in the body of the adult, antennae 5-segmented, terminal annulate,legs long, slender, normal, with a pair of large chitinized poriferousplates dorsally near mouthparts, each bearing two types of i:)ores,pygidium with anal opening close to apex, median chitinized notch,long apical setae, one pair of lobes and a few setae and tubular ducts.According to the Fernald catalogue, this genus is synonymouswith Aspidiotus, and its identity with Anonidia has also been sug-gested. It is the present view of the writers, after a rather limitedstudy of supposedly related species, that the genus Phaulaspis isvalid, and is entitled to generic rank, this view being largely basedon the, apparently, unique development of tlie large dorsal poriferousareas in the larva, and on the absence of marginal pygidial plates in
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 93
all stages. No other species deserving inclusion here are known tothe writers. Genus CHENTRASPIS Leonardi.Genotype.?Aspidiotus unilobis Maskell,Reference.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 251, 280.This is another genus which was established with only a single in-cluded species, so that only it can be the type.The Maskell collection contains a single slide of this species, labeled
" adult female, 1894," and a small amount of material under No. 419.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell and Leonardi; bodynearly circular, the posterior apex slightly protruding and pointed;derm anterior to pygidium wholly membranous, the thoracic and ab-dominal segmentation indistinct ; antennae tiny tubercles, each bear-ing a long stout seta ; spiracles small, without pores ; margins of head,thoracic and abdominal segments, both dorsally and ventrally withlittle groups of two or more relatively long slender setae and, usually,one or more tiny tubular ducts; posterior abdominal segments witha longitudinal row of tiny setae and a row of large tubular ducts oneach half dorsally, ventrally at margin with a number of smalltubular ducts on each side, with more of these in submarginal areasand with two more or less distinct longitudinal rows of tiny setae;anterior portion of pygidium hyaline, central portion more or lesschitinized; median lobes only present, these fused to form one lobe,with a faint median notch, and usually two lateral notches; secondand third lobes represented by tiny spine-like triangles; no lateralteeth or crenulations, but the margin outside of the plates somewhatirregular ; plates present, strongly branched, two outside the medianlobes, then the tiny second lobe, then three more plates, then the tinythird lobe, and one to four more plates, the last two, in the lattercase, simple; with three or four very short incisions in the margin,these with more or less thickened bottoms and edges ; marginal setaerelatively very large, as long or somewhat longer than the plates,the median pair quite stout, but becoming gradually more slendertoward the outer margin of the pygidium, dorsally with one justoutside the base of the median lobes, one above the tiny second lobes,one above the third lobes, one well beyond the last group of plates,and one well beyond this ; ventrally with one opposite each of theseexcept the first; without marginal chitinous paraphyses; anal open-ing oval, medium in size, placed fairly close to the apex of thepygidium ; paragenitals wanting ; dorsal marginal pores two betweenfirst and second dorsal spines; two, separated, between second andthird spines; two, well separated, between third and fourth spines;two, widely separated, between fourth and fifth spines ; dorsal poresall near margin, about six in num.ber; ventrally with a number of
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. GO.
Fio. 31.
?
Chentraspis unilobis (Maskell). a. adult female, outline of body, X57.5;B. LAEVA, PYGIDIUM, X 500 : C. INTBUMBDIATE STAGE FEMALE, X 440 ; D. LARVA, OUTLINE OFBODY, X220; B. ADDLT FEMALE, PYGIDIUM, X 220 ; F. ADULT' FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ;G. LAKVA, ANTENNA, X 640 ; H. LARVA, LEG, X 610.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 95
submai'ginal micropores, two between two ventral spines, 3-5 betweenthe second and third ventral spines, and about four or five betweenthe third and fourth ventral spines; without setae dorsally; with asubmarginal row of four small ventral setae and with about five moreon each half of the anterior median portion of the pygidium ; withthree transverse linear basal thickenings, one median, and with onelong, somewhat indistinct thickening running from the median platesout and back past these transverse thickenings.Inteiinediate stage female.?Body differing from that of adultonly in the smaller size and in the reduced numerical developmentof the pores and setae.Larva.?Broad oval, somewhat more pointed behind; antennaeslender, 5-segmented, terminal annulate; legs slender, normal, spi-racles small, slender, without pores, pygidium more or less developed,margin with a median quadrate protuberance bearing two tiny setae,outside this with an incision with a tubular duct, then with themedian lobe, the outer margin curved and crenulate, then a seta, fol-lowed by an incision with pore, and beyond this a succession of setaeand pores ; ventrally below the first incision with the long apical setaabout a third the body length ; anal opening medium, oval, near apexof abdomen.Cot7jpe.?C2.t. No. 24775, U.S.N.M.Besides the type, one other species, Aspidiotus extensus Maskell,was subsequently included in the genus by Leonardi. This speciescertainly can not be looked upon as being congeneric with the type.The generic diagnosis which follows has been based on the typespecies only. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF CHENTRASPIS.Diaspine forms, probably more closely related to the group con-taining Aspidiotus camelliae Signoret {rapax Comstock) than toany other; adult female with body nearly circular, derm mem-branous, antennae tiny with a single long seta, spiracles small, with-out pores, margin of body with some setae and small tubular ductsin clusters, pygidium somewhat chitinized, median lobes only welldeveloped, protruding, fused into a single lobe, marginal platespresent, grouped near the middle line, strongly branched, both dorsaland ventral marginal setae present, relatively large and long, withmarginal incisions with thickened edges, no paraphyses, anal open-ing medium in size, placed near the apex of pygidium, paragenitalswanting, dorsal marginal pores present, some opening in incisions,dorsal pores present, few in number, tubes short, axis transverse,with ventral micropores with short tubes and with tiny ventral setae,with basal thickenings; intermediate stage female similar to adult,differing only in smaller size and numerical reduction of ducts and
96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
setae; larva oval, antennae 5-segmented, terminal annulate, legsslender, normal, margin of body with a few ducts and setae, pygi-dium somewhat developed, anal ring near apex, median lobes onlydeveloped, separated by a rectangular projection bearing setae, apicalsetae long, no traces of plates, but with incisions and marginal ductsand setae.This genus was placed as a synonym of Aspidiotus in the Fernaldcatalogue, and its identity with Targionia has been suggested. Asalready noted, the type species seems, except for the question of thesize and the position of the anal opening and the fused median lobes,to resemble A. camelliae Signoret {rapax Comstock) quite closely.The writers prefer not to comment on the question of the zoologicalvalidity of this genus at present.Genus AONIDIELLA Berlese and Leonardi.Genotype.?Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell.Beference.?FeTiiiild, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 285, 287-8.This genus was established for the single type species. TheMaskell collection contains two slides marked as collected in 1877,and therefore presumably the type slides. This species has beenshown to be extremely widespread and common, and has been de-scribed and illustrated with elaborate detail by Berlese,^^ because ofwhich no attempt is made here to redescribe or figure it. Thewriters are not able to comment definitely on its generic validity,and have in consequence done nothing more than record its right toa place in the series of genera discussed in this paper.The four following units have been variously designated byLeonardi, who described them, as genera or subgenera of the genusLepidosaphes {Mytilaspis) . While their standing is in most casesuncertain, they have been placed as genera in this paper.Genus PHAULOMYTILUS Leonardi.Plate 5, fig. 5.Genotype.?Mytilaspis striata Maskell./fe/erence5.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 304, 314.?Leonardi, Ann. E. Sc. sup. agr. Portici, ser. 2, vol. 5, 1904, p. 5.This genus has never included more than the single type species.The Maskell collection contains a single slide of "adult female,1894" and a small quantity of unmounted material of this species,the latter bearing the No. 409.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell and Leonardi ; bodyelongate, broadest behind the middle, sides of cephalothorax taperingstrongly anteriorly, this apex rounded; cephalothorax in fully ma-
'"Riv. Path. Veg., vol. 4, 1895, pp. 125-137.
ART. 12. MASKELL GENEEA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 97tured individuals tending towards chitinization, and becomingslightly distended and hardened; abdomen, including nearly all of
Fig. 32.
?
Fhaulomytilus steiatus (Maskell). A. adult female, pvgidium, X220; B.ADULT FEMALE, ANTERIOR SPIRACLE, X 64 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, ABDOMEN, X 115 ; D. LARVA,OUTLINE OF BODY, X 220 ; E. ADULT FKMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINEOF BODY, X57.5; G. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 640 ; II. U^RVA, MIDDLE LEG, X 640 ; I.LAEVA, ANTENNA, X 640.the pygidium remaining membranous, and wrinkled when dried;antennae very small tubercles bearing two medium and one longer
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 00.
stout setae; spiracles small, anterior placed just behind the mouthparts, accompanied by 2-3 small disk pores, posterior placed farback, fully one-third the body length from the anterior, about thesame size but without pores; eye spots represented by faimt mar-ginal protuberances a little behind the antennae; with a few tinytubular ducts around the margin of the cephalothorax ; first twoabdominal segments with a considerable cluster of small tubularducts and a few small slender gland spines with expanded bases ven-trally at margin, remaining segments with similar but fewer ductsat margin and dorsally, including one or two large ducts to a seg-ment and no gland spines ; each segment ventrally with a slender sub-marginal seta and one or two others, smaller, inside this on each side
;
pygidium only faintly chitinized, lobes small, triangular, pointed,normally not or only very slightly protruding bej^ond the irregularmargin, median lobes slightly smaller than the second pair, widelyseparated by a quadrate protruberance bearing two slender ventralspines at its base and having a large short-tubular duct between itand each lobe, second lobe placed well beyond the first, also triangularpointed, third still farther beyond the second, and considerablysmaller; margin with a large triangular indentation beyond thethird lobe; without gland spines; dorsal marginal setae, one out-side of each lobe, ventral the same, and with one beyond the marginalnotch, all slender, not very long; ventrally with submarginal setae,considerably larger than marginal and anterior to these, as follows
:
1, 2, 2, 2; without incisions with thickened edges, but with dorsalmarginal incisions into which short tubular ducts open, these ductsone inside the firet lobes, two between the first and second lobes, onejust inside and above the second lobe, two between the second andthird lobes, one behind third lobe, and three beyond marginalnotch; without chitinous paraphyses; anal opening fairly large,oval, much nearer base than apex of pygidium ; paragenitals want-ing; dorsal pores numerous, not arranged in definite rows of closelyset pores, although in indefinite rovv^s, about three in first, four insecond, 7-8 in third, 5-7 in fourth, and about five in fifth, withsome corresponding inner groups of about three each; withoutthickenings except those running in from the "lobes"; with a fewventral micropores and several small setae in the genital openingregion.Intcriiiediate stage female? (From exuviae only). Apparentlydifi^ering from the adult only in the reduction in size and numbersof the structures described for the latter stage.Larva? (Embryonic). Oval, antemiae 5-segmented, the fourth seg-ment so constricted as to give somewhat the appearance of anothersegment; legs slender, normal, apex of abdomen not at all chitinized,with no traces of lobes or gland spines; with two long apical setae.
ABT. liJ. MASKELL GENERA OF COCO [DAE MOKKISON. 99two ver}^ small, close together between these, one larger on each sidenear and below the base of the large apical seta, and two more, small,above each apical seta; each margin of each of at least the abdominalsegments with three small setae, one above the other, of which themedian is the longest, anal ring small, circular, somewhat invagi-nated, placed near the apex of the abdomen ; body with dorsal andTentral rows of small setae, one on each half, as shown.Cotype.?Q^t. No. 24776, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis has been based on the precedingdescription. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF PHAULOMYTILTJS.Diaspine forms of uncertain affinities, superficially resemblingLefldosofplies ; the secreted covering mytilaspiform, adult femalewith elongate body, somewhat chitinized cephalothorax, very smallantennae with three setae, spiracles with or without pores, these nevernumerous, abdominal segments with groups of tubular ducts andshort slender gland spines with greatly enlarged bases at margins,pygidium with small triangular widely separated more or less pro-jecting lobes, witliout gland spines or plates, marginal setae present,approximately normal in arrangement, without incisions with thick-ened edges, with slight incisions for marginal pores, without chiti-nized paraphyses, anal ojDening oval, placed much nearer base thanapex of pygidium, paragenitals wanting, marginal ducts present,large, axis longitudinal or approximately so, dorsal pores present,fairly numerous, axis not uniform but approximately longitudinal,pores not arranged in definite and conspicuous rows, without internalpygidial thickenings except from base of lobes, with some ventralmicroijores and surface setae ; intermediate stage similar to adultbut less developed; larva oval, antennae 5-segmented, terminal notannulate, legs normal, apex of abdomen not chitinized, without tracesof lobes or gland spi.-cs. vvith a pair of long apical setae and othersmall setae, anal ring small, circular, near apex of abdomen.As may be not?d from the preceding description, the writers con-sider that Leonardi's interpretation of the triangular projectingmarginal structures is incorrect and that they are really poorly de-veloped pygidial lobes, instead of gland spines. There is no evidencethat they are connected with internal ducts, as are the true glandspines. The morphological modifications of the type species appearto be quite sufficient to separate the genus widely from LepidosafJies^as represented by the type, L. ulmi (Linnaeus) and to establish it asa unit of full generic rank. The writers are not able to say whetheror not the genus thus established is identical with any other described
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. 60.genus, or whether it should remain in the group of species of whichLepidosa'phes is typical.Genus COCCOMYTILUS Leonardi.Plate 6, fig. 1.Genotype?MytUaspis convexa Maskell.References.?YQviiHildi, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 304, 307.?Leon-ardi, Ann. R. Sc. sup. agr. Portici, ser. 2, vol. 5, 1904, p. 4, 9.Leonardi apparently failed to designate a type species for thisgenus, and it seems to have -first been set in the Femald catalogue.The Maskell collection contains a single slide of " adult female,1892" and a small quantity of uinnounted material of this species,the latter under No. 347.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell and Leonardi ; bodyelongate, broadest about the middle, narrowed anteriorly; cephalo-thorax and anterior abdominal segments in fully matured individualshardened, chitinized, and brittle, remainder of abdomen, exceptportions of the pygidiiim, membranous; antennae small tuberclesbearing two setae of unequal length and some conical protuberances
;
spiracles small, anterior with 3-5 pores, posterior with 2-3 pores;head with some pairs of small setae around margin; margins ofthoracic and abdominal segments with clusters of numerous tubularducts, some ventral, some dorsal ; with a cluster of conical glandspines with somewhat enlarged bases ventrally posterior to eachspiracle ; with similar gland spines ventrally on the second and thirdabdominal segments near margin; with a few marginal setae andstraight, tapering gland spines on remaining segments; pygidiumsomewhat chitinized, the margin uniformly curved, with three pairsof lobes, all protruding, the median large, prominent, the apicalborder rounded and more or less distinctly notched at each side, sec-ond lobes about half as long and wide, the posterior margin nearlystraight, somewhate crenulate, third lobes well beyond second, ob-tusely triangular, the outer face longest, margin beyond this irregu-larly toothed and incised developing projections resembling thethird pair of lobes but not chitinized ; gland spines present, twobetw^een median lobes, two between these and second lobes, first two,then one, between second and third lobes, two outside of third lobesand two more beyond two toothlike projections of the margin, allsmall but gradually enlarging from the median out; marginal setaepresent, dorsally one inside, one outside each median lobe, one out-side each second and third lobe, one beyond marginal projection,ventrally one outside each median lobe, and one below and beyondeach of the remaining dorsal setae, these all fairly large ; no incisionswith thickened edges; no chitinous paraphyses; anal opening rathersmall, approximately circular, placed near the base of the pygidium
;
AKT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MOERISON. 101
Fig. 33.?Coccomytilus convbxus (Maskell). A. fillt distbndhd and chitinizbdADUI/r FKMALB, X 67.5 ; B. ADOLT FEMALE, ABDOMEN, X 115 ; C. INTERMEDIATB STAGEFEMALE, PYGIDIDM, X 335 ; D. ADULT FEMALE BEFORE DISTENSION, X 57.5 ; E. ADULTFEMALE, SPIKACLE, ANTERIOR, X 220 ; F. ADULT FEMALE, PYGIDIDM, X 220 ; G. ADULTFEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640.
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. 60.paragenitals wanting; marginal and siibmarginal pores present, ar-ranged as follows : three, one median, between median lobes, one be-hind each median lobe, one behind outer margin of same, twobetween first and second lobes, one or two behind second lobe, three,in a more or less distinct row, between second and third lobes, onebehind third lobe, about five in and just anterior to both the firstand second marginal teeth; dorsal pores rather numerous, indis-tinctly differentiated from marginal, chiefly marked by positionand somewhat smaller size, arranged in fairlj'^ distinct rows, aboutfive in inner row, three in both posterior and anterior group ofnext row, two in the following row, about five in posterior group and5-7 in anterior group of next row ; ventrally with a few microporesand some setae, the latter mostly around the vaginal opening ; ante-rior to two median pairs of lobes and around anal opening slightlymore heavily chitinized than in remainder of pj'^gidium.Intermediate stage feTnale.?Resembling the adult, differing chieflyin the reduction in size and numerical quantity of the lobes, pores,gland spines, etc., as already described for the adult.Larva.?Very unfortunately no larvae seem to be present in thetype material, and it has not been possible to make out the larvelcharacters from the exuviae available for examination.Cotype.?C2,t. No. 24777, U.S.N.M.From a comparison of the adult females of the species which havebeen included in this genus, the writers consider that the inclusion ofC. hainbusicola (Cockerell) and C. argentota (Cockerell) is probablyentirely incorrect. The position of the remaining species assignedhere by Leonardi appears to be debatable, and can probably not besettled until a revision of Lepidosaphes is undertaken.The following generic diagnosis has been based chiefly on the typespecies. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF COCCOMYTILUS.Diaspine forms probably closely related to Lepidosaphes, appar-ently differing from that genus, as represented by the type specieschiefly in the absence of paragenitals in the adult female, and thetendency of the anterior portion of the body to become heavily chiti-nized at maturity ; body mytilaspiform, antennae very small tubercleswith setae, spiracles with a few pores, cephalothorax with smallsetae, with small tubular ducts, and some gland spines, margins ofabdominal segments with the same; pygidium somewhat chitinized,lobes present, gland spines present, marginal setae normal, withoutincisions with thickened ed<res or chitinous paraphyses, anal openinglocated near base of pygidium, small, circular to oval, paragenitalswanting, marginal pores present, axis longitudinal, dorsal pores pres-ent, fairly numerous, in rather distinct rows, axis more or less longi-
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORBISON. 103tudinal, with micropores and some setae ventrally, without internalbasal thickenings; intermediate stage in general resembling adult,but less developed; larva not known.As not?d in the generic diagnosis, the chief basis for separatingthis genus from Lcpidosaphes appears to lie in the absence of para-genitals, a doubtful generic character. The writers prefer not tocomment definitely on the status of this genus at present.Genus TRICHOMYTILUS Leonardi.Plate 6, fig. 2.Genotype.?Mytilaspis formosa Maskell.References.?F^vn^l^, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 304, 309.?Leon-ardi, Ann. E. Sc. sup. agr. Portici, ser. 2, vol. 5, 1904, pp. 4, 23.Only the single-type species has ever been included in this genus.The Maskell collection includes two slides of this species, one of
" adult females, 1893," and one of " puparia with females and male,1893," and besides this a small quantity of unmounted material underNo. 337.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell and Leonardi ; bodymytilaspiform ; antennae small, cylindrical tubercles with invagi-nated apices and two slender setae protruding slightly and with astout short spine on the lip; spiracles slender, posterior withoutpores, anterior with two trilocular pores; head with a few smalltubular ducts and setae; body segment between spiracles and thatposterior to hind spiracles with a triangular cluster of small tubularducts running from opposite the spiracle to and around each margin,and with a few conical gland spines with expanded bases at the innerapex of each, next two segments (abdominal) with similar clusters,but denser and with the gland spines more numerous, gland spines ofthe following abdominal segment reduced to two large, long taperingones at margin; pygidium with three pairs of small protrudinglobes, the median largest, spatulaform, with faint traces of notcheson inner and outer faces, not contig-uous, but united by a thickening,and with a tiny triangular tubercle just inside of each and a medianpair of ventral setae, second lobes smaller and more slender thanmedian, very faintly notched, third stouter and larger than second,usually nearly straight within and distinctly notched without, mar-gin beyond third lobes somewhat notched ; gland spines present, un-usually large and long, the first three double?that is, with two ductsleading into a single spine?one present outside of each of the lobes,the fourth either double or with tAvo separate spines, the fifth groupof two spines: marginal setae, dorsally two, small, just outside ofmedian lobes, one long, slender, anterior to both the second and thirdlobes, another similar, anterior to the second toothlike projection
104 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. r>().
Fig. 34.
?
Trichomxtilus formosus (Maskell). a, adult female, pygidium, X220; B.LARTA, LEG, X 640 ; C. ADULT FEMALE, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 115 ; D. ADULT FEMALE, OUT-LINE OF BODY, X57.5; B. ADULT FEMALE, ANTERIOR SPIRACLE, X 500 ; F. ADULT FEMALE,MARGIN OF PYGIDIUM, X 335 ; G. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, MARGIN OF PYGIDIUM,X335 ; H. LARVA, ANTFNNA, X 640 ; I. LARVA, OUTLINE OF BODY, X 220 ; J. LARVA, CAST SKIN-XI15; K. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 1500 ; L. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 640.
AiiT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 105beyond the third lobes, and still another, smaller, near the base ofpygidium, ventrally with those between the median lobes, alreadymentioned, a small one beneath the first dorsal pair, and similar ones,all small, corresponding to the remaining dorsal setae; with a sub-marginal ventral row of smaller setae, each anterior to a marginalseta, except the first, and each accompanied by a micropore ; withoutincisions with thickened edges, but with the openings of the marginalpores set in slightly, the rim chitinized and with a rather prominentlobelike marginal projection below each, these pores one inside sec-ond lobe, one inside third lobe, two between third and fourth glandspine groups and three near base of pygidium ; anal opening of me-dium size, circular, close to base of pygidium; paragenitals present,in five groups, median 6-7, anterio-laterals 13-17, posterio-laterals19-23 (one group with 10), these averages from four specimens;dorsal pores present, in fairly distinct rows, the pores set rather closetogether, inner row posterior group 1-3, anterior 2, second row, pos-terior group variable, 3-5, anterior 3-5, then with supplementaryposterior row of two, third row, posterior group about four, anteriorabout four; without internal pygidial thickenings; with two pairsof tiny setae dorsally near anal opening and similar setae ventrallynear the genital opening.Intermediate stage female.? (exuvium only) apparently resemblingthe adult female, differing chiefly in the reduced development of thevarious pygidial structures and in the gland spines being single andisolated.Larva.?Oval, antennae slender, 5-segmented ; legs slender, normal,the claw long, very slender, curved; anterior apex of body with apair of large and long slender tubular ducts; the tiny circular analring near body apex; apex of abdomen with long and short setae,one pair of lobes, marginal ducts and two pairs of gland spines.C'otype.?Q,2Lt. No. 24778, U. S. N. M.The following generic description is based on the preceding de-scription. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF TRICHOMYTILUS.Diaspine forms, with female scale elongate, mytilaspiform, exuviaeterminal, body of adult female similar, antennae cylindrical invagi-nated tubercles with setae, spiracles slender, with or without pores,margin of cephalothorax and abdominal segments with tubularducts, gland spines and small setae, in rather definite arrangement,pygidium rounded, with well developed entire lobes, large and longdouble gland spines, normal dorsal and ventral setae at margin, noincisions with thickened edges, no paraphyses, anal opening fairlylarge, near base of pygidium, paragenitals present, in five groups,marginal pores present, dorsal pores present, in fairly distinct rows,3136?22?Proc.N.M. Vol .60 V^^
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.
with both dorsal and ventral surface setae, with ventral micropores,without distinct internal thickenings; intermediate stage similar toadult, but less developed; young larva oval, antennae 5-segmented,legs normal, anteriorly with a pair of large tubular ducts, apex ofbody with a pair of large apical setae, lobes, gland spines and othersmaller setae.No other species has been included in this genus, which was basedwholly on the development of a supplementary fluffy secretion cov-ering the female scale to some extent, a character which would seemto be of very little value. In the opinion of the writers this genusshould be included in the Ghionaspis series, instead of the Lepi-dosaphes group, this view being based on the characters of thepygidium, such as the absence of a median pair of gland spines andthe presence of a double pair of setae dorsally near each medianlobe, and on the character of the male scale, this being a felted sacof the type found in Ghionaspis but without traces of dorsal carinae,and not similar to that of the female in the sense in which this istrue of the male scale of Lepidosaphes. As will be noted, the presentinterpretation of the pygidial marginal structures differs quite mate-rially from that of Leonardi.Genus ALLANTOMYTILUS Leonardi.Plate 6, fig. 3.Genotype.?Mytilaspis Tnaideni Maskell.Reference.?FG^vii2i\di, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, pp. 304, 311.Only the type species has ever been placed in this subgenus whichwas first erected by Leonardi in 1897 wholly on the basis of thestrongly transversely corrugated covering scale of the female, andwhich appears to have been abandoned completely by him subse-quently, as no other reference to it on his part has been located, noteven in his Monograph of the genus '"'' Mytilaf^pls.'^''The Maskell collection contains three slides of this species, one of
" adult female, 1896," one of " male, 1896,'' and one of " $ and 9puparia." There is also a small quantity of unmounted materialunder No. 520, while the National Collection of Coccidae contains aquantity of material from the type lot, received from Mr. W. W.Froggatt.Adult female.?Scale as described by Maskell ; body short mytil-aspiform, broadest behind the middle, the cephalothoracic regionsomewhat chitinized, the abdomen membranous except the pygidium
;
antennae represented by a circle with three setae ; anterior spiracleswith two to seven pores, posterior without pores ; thoracic and abdo-minal segments at and near margin ventrally with clusters of rathernumerous tubular ducts, cephalothorax with occasional small setae;
ART. lii. MASKELL GENEEA OF COCCrDAE MORRISON. 107posterior abdominal segments with stout gland spines and dorsaltubular ducts ; pygidium short, very broad, posterior margin almosttruncate ; with three pairs of lobes, all small, all widely separated,the third pair a little smaller, not very strongly projecting, roundedconical, the first two pairs indistinctly notched on inner and outer
Fig. 35.
?
Allantomytilds maideni (Maskell). A. intermediate stage, cast skin, odt-LiNE, Xi8o; B. adult female, pygidium, X22o; C. larva, apex of ABDOMEX, X640; D.intermediate stage female, antenna, X64o; E. intermediate stage female, pygid-ium, X335; F. adult female, antenna, X64o; G. adult female, outline of body,X57.6; H. LARVA, LEG, X 640 ; I. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 640 ; J. LARVA, CAST SKIN, X 165 ; K.adult FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 640.
sides ; with a number of small tapering gland spines as follows : twomedian, two between first and second lobes, three between second andthird lobes, two or three outside of third lobes, the largest of theseat most only a little longer than the lobes; marginal spines present,small, inconspicuous, dorsally with one inside and one outside the first
108 PROCEEDIlSrGS OF THE jSTATIONAL MUSEUM. vor . .iO.lobe, and one outside the second and third lobes, ventrally with asimilar spine corresponding to each of these except the median ; with-out marginal incisions with thickened edges or chitinovis paraphyses
;
anal opening nearly circular, placed close to the anterior apex of thepygidium ; paragenitals wanting ; marginal pores present, one aboveand anterior to the first and second lobes, sometimes with anotherbetween these two, two inside the third lobes and one just within themarginal notch ending the pygidium; dorsal pores present, rathernumerous, more or less definitelj' grouped, but not in conspicuousrows of closely set pores, three or four anterior to and between me-dian lobes, perhaps fourteen altogether anterior to and between firstand second lobes, perhaps four or six between second and third lobes,about five or six next to notch terminating pygidium ; without anydistinct internal thickenings; no ventral micropores noted, this per-haps due to condition of specimens examined ; with some small ven-tral surface setae.Intermediate stage female.?Differing from the adult chiefly in thesmaller size and in the reduced development and numbers of the struc-tures described for the adult.Larva.?Oval, antennae 6-segmented, the terminal annulate, legsnormal, slender, with a pair of large long tubular double gland tubesnear the anterior end of the body ; margins of the abdominal segmentswith small single gland spines alternating with tiny setae; apex ofabdomen with a median pair of tiny lobe-like protuberances, thenthe apical seta and a gland spine, then a relatively large lobe, thena rather large gland spine, followed by another lobe, and well beyondthis another gland spine.Gotype.?C2it. No. 24779, U.S.N.M.The following generic diagnosis has been prepared from the de-scription of the type species
:
GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ALLANTOMYTILUS.Diaspine forms most closely related to, if not identical with, Coc-comytUus and Lepidosaphes ; scales elongate, exuviae terminal, scalestrongly corrugated transversely ; adult female mytilaspiform, withminute antennae ; margins of cephalothorax and abdominal segmentswith tubular ducts and small setae; abdominal segments also withsome marginal gland spines; pygidium very short, apical marginnearly truncate; with small, widely separated lobes, gland spines,normal marginal setae, no incisions or chitinous paraphyses, analopening nearly circular, near anterior edge of pygidium, marginaland dorsal pores present, axis longitudinal ; intermediate stage simi-lar but with structures less developed; young larva oval, antennae6-segmented, terminal annulate, legs normal, slender, anterior apex
AKT. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 109
of body above with a pair of large tubular ducts, margin of abdomenwith small gland spines and setae, apex of abdomen with large apicalsetae, definitely developed lobes and gland spines and marginal setae.Genus ANOPLASPIS Leonardi.Plate 6, fig. 4.Genotype.?Mytilaspis metrosideri Maskell.References.?Fernald, Cat. Cocc. World, 1903, p. 311.?Ferris, Can.Ent., vol. 52, 1920, pp. 63-4.The confusion created by Leonardi in regard to the type speciesof this genus has been fully discussed by Ferris (1920), and is notcommented on here further than to say that 31. metrosideri stands asthe type. Curiously enough, a still greater degree of confusion wasfound to exist when Maskell's specimens of this type species wereexamined, as it was found that Maskell had confused two distinctspecies, apparently cougeneric, and from the same host, and had sentspecimens not the type species to other coccidologists as specimensof metrosideri. It has consequently been necessary to redescribe thesecond species in the Maskell collection. The writers are indebted tothe note on the genus by Mr. Ferris for the information that My-tilaspis metrosideri Maskell and not Aspidiotios hamhusarum Cock-erell is the true type species.The Maskell collection contains two slides bearing the name
'" Mytilaspis metrosideri," one of " female and puparium, July, 1890,"and one of " adult female, 1891," and a small amount of unmountedmaterial under No. 17. The slide mounts are really an undescribedspecies, and will be discussed later under the description of this newspecies. From the material still unmounted, it has been possible toobtain a mount of a female from the true type material, as determinedby a comparison with Maskell's original description and figures, andit is this mount which is redescribed below. Material presented tothe Bureau of Entomology collection by Maskell proves to be the un-described species. What Leonardi had before him when he firstestablished the genus it is impossible to state, but the species sent toCockerell and, as stated, to the Bureau of Entomology by Maskellwas incorrectly determined and favors the inference that Leonardialso had incorrectly determined specimens before him.Adult female.?Scale white, elongate, pyriform, the anterior apexslender, the exuviae apical, yellowish brown; body elongate, broad-est behind the middle, somewhat pyriform, but Avith the pygidiumlarge, prominent and triangular, and the anterior body apex rounded
;
derm membranous, antennae placed in small pits in the head, tinytubercles with a single large seta ; eyespots represented by clear
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 60.
circles, one to each side of the head near antennae ; spiracles slender,anterior with 3-i pores, posterior without pores; head region witha few small setae; margins of posterior thoracic and the abdominalsegments with clusters of short tubular ducts and tin.y setae, but nogland spines; abdominal segments with similar clusters of smallerpores in line behind the posterior spiracles ; pygidium large, stronglytriangular; median lobes present, large, contiguous, the inner edgesfused, at least at tips, the two outer margins forming a well-defined
Pig. 36.?A'NoPLASPis meteosideri (Maskell). a. adult female, antenna, X640; B.ADDLT FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 640 ; C. INTERMEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, PYGIDIAL MARGIN,X335; D. ADDLT FEMALE, PYGIDIAL MARGIN, X 335 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, PYGIDIUM, X 165 ;F. LARVA, LEG, X 640 ; G. LARVA, ANTENNA, X 640 ; H. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN, X 335 ;I. ADULT FEMALE, OUTLINE OF BODY, X 57.5.obtuse triangle, second lobes represented by a small, slender, asym-metrically tapering lobe closely applied to the large protrudingtubular duct opening lying just within it, third and any additionallobes represented by heavy, almost continuous serration and denticu-lation of the pygidial margin, running nearly to the base of thepygidium; gland spines small and inconspicuous, two only on eachside, one just outside each median lobe, and one just inside thesecond long marginal tubular duct, each apparently connected witha long, slender internal structure that gradually expands anteriorlyand is strongly clubbed and bent inwards at its inner end, these
ART. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COGCIDAE MORRISON. Illprobably representing very heavily chitinized ducts of the typeusually attached to the gland spines; marginal setae, dorsally, withone tiny seta at the outer basal angle of each median lobe, one largeand stout one above the reduced second lobe, one large and stoutone just outside of the second marginal tubular duct, one large onejust outside the fourth marginal tubular duct, ventrally all large andstout, one outside of second lobe, one just inside of third tubularmarginal duct, one, small, half-way between fourth and fifth tubularducts ; without incisions with thickened edges or chitinous paraphysesas in some Aspidioti; anal opening medium, circular, a very littlenearer to base than to apex of pygidiiini; paragenitals numerous,in five groups, linear, and often indistinctly segregated, median 5-6,anterio-laterals 16-22, posterio-laterals 16-19 ; marginal tubular ductsof two sizes, the normal ones large and very long, one outside offirst gland spine, one outside of second gland spine, then three atintervals about equal to the space between the first two, then threemore at wider intervals; with much smaller tubular ducts, possiblycorresponding to those opening into the gland spines when these arepresent, beginning opposite the fifth large duct, with four between thefifth and ninth large duct; and 6-8 along the margin anterior tothe ninth large duct; with dorsal ducts, these nearly as large andlong as the marginal, few in number, two to three in first group,opposite posterior end of posterio-lateral paragenital group, five tosix in the anterior group, opposite the anterior portion of the para-genital arch; pygidium without basal thickenings but with broadthickenings running in from the posterior margin dorsally, the me-dian pair of these continuing to well beyond the anal ring, the twolaterals on each side nearly as far.Intermediate stage feviale.?Similar to the adult, apparently dif-fering only in the smaller size, the somewhat reduced developmentof the different glands, etc., and in the absence of paragenitals.Larva.? (Cast skin only.) Antennae 5-segmented, the terminal an-nulate ; legs normal ; apex of abdomen with a pair of tiny divergingmedian lobules, one pair of well developed lobes between which aretwo tubular ducts, two pairs of ventral setae, one large (apical) andwanting in specimens studied ; with a dorsal and ventral seta, then atubular duet, then a marginal lobe, then another dorsal seta, and aventral seta, a tubular duct, etc., outside of the median lobe ; with afew scattered ventral surface setae.Cotype.?Q^t. No. 24780, U.S.N.M.The presentation of the generic diagnosis is deferred until the de-scription of the following new species has been given, as both speciesare covered in the genus description.
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. vol.60.ANOPLASPIS MASKELLI, new species.Plate 6, fig. 5.Adult female.?Scale white, flat or nearly so, broadly pyriform tosometimes almost circular, exuviae apical; body of female elongateturbinate; derm membranous; pygidium somewhat chitinized; an-tennae small tubercles j^laced in a pocket as in preceding species,each with a single large seta ; spiracles slender, anterior with about15 pores, posterior without pores; head with a few setae, thoracic
Pig. 37.?ANOPLASPIS maskblli, new species, a. adult female, pygidium, Xiv-;, B.ADULT female, OUTLINE OP BODY, X 30 J C. ADULT FEMALE, SPIRACLE, X 640 ; D. INTER-MEDIATE STAGE FEMALE, PYGIDIAL MARGIN, X 335 ; E. ADULT FEMALE, ANTENNA, X 640 ; F.ADDLT FEMALE, PYGIDIAL MARGIN, X 335 ; G. LARVA, APEX OF ABDOMEN^ X 640 ; H. LARVAANTENNA, X 640.and abdominal segments with groups of medium sized short tubularducts at margins, without gland spines; abdominal segments withgroups of small, short tubular ducts in a row behind each posteriorspiracle; pygidium strongly triangular, but with the extreme apexrounded; median lobes present, small, short-spatulate, placed closetogether, but separated by two small gland spines, second lobes largerand broader, the inner apical angle much more prominent, the outermargin parallel to the pygidium, third and any other lobes repre-sented by almost continuous serrated and notched thickenings of thepygidial margin; with the two median gland spines already men-
Anx. 12. MASKELL GENERA OF COCCIDAE MORRISON. 113tioned, with a small one outside of each median lobe, and anothersmall one outside each second lobe; marginal setae, dorsally oneabove median lobe, one above inner corner of second lobe, one aboveinner end of beginning of chitinized margin, one just beyond fourtlimarginal tubular duct and one beyond ninth tubular duct, ventrallywith one beneath the outer edge of the median lobe, one just out-side the second lobe, one just within the third marginal duct, onebeneath the fifth duct and one beyond the ninth duct; without in-cisions with thickened edges or paraphyses, but the edges of someof the marginal duct openings more or less thickened, and apparentlywith faint chitinized thickenings connected with at least the secondpair of gland spines ; anal opening elongate ovoid, placed about halfway between base and apex of pygidium ; paragenitals in five lineargroups, the anterior three more or less confused, median 7-9, anterio-laterals 14r-22, posterio-laterals 14r-19; marginal pores large, fairlylong, one opening into a pointed projection between first and secondlobes, and seven or eight more, at approximately'- equal intervals,except the last one or two more widely separated, all these openingwithin the margin and the openings with thickened edges; dorsalpores large, in three rows, the inner with 2-i pores, the intermediatewith about five and the outer with about 7-9; without micropores,but with a few small tubular ducts ventrally near the margin ; with afew small setae ventrally.Intermediate stage female.? (Cast skin only.) So far as can bedetermined, differing from the adult only in the smaller size andreduced development of the different structures.Larva.? (Cast skin only.) Antennae apparently 4-segmented, theterminal annulate ; posterior apex of body with two small tubercles,a pair of marginal tubular ducts, a pair of lobes and at least threemore ducts at intervals.Holotype arid Paratypes.?C?ii. No. 24781, U.S.N.M.This species has been described from seven specimens as follows
:
holotype from specimens in the Department of Agriculture Collec-tion received from Maskell directly, paratypes from same collection,from the Cockerell collection now included in the National Collec-tion, and from Maskell's slides, all labeled M. metrosideri Maskell.The holotype and some paratypes of this species are therefore in theNational collection of Coccidae, and some paratypes are in tlieMaskell collection. The species was collected on Metrosideros in NewZealand, presumably by Maskell, and in 1890 or 1891.The following generic diagnosis has been prepared to include bothof the preceding species.
114 PROCEEDIiSrGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yol. 60.GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ANOPLASPIS.Diaspine forms of somewhat uncertain affinities, possibly to be in-cluded in the Lepidosaphes group of genera ; ^^ scale of adult femalenearly circular to pyriform, exuviae apical; adult female elongateturbinate to somewhat pyriform, membranous except portions of thepygidium ; antennae minute tubercles with a single seta, each set ina small pit in head ; spiracles slender, anterior with pores, posteriorwithout ; head with tiny setae but no pores ; thorax and abdomen withtubular ducts and setae at margin, but no gland spines; pygidiumlarge, prominent, strongly triangular, lobes present, the median fusedor separate, the lateral margin beyond the lobes heavily chitinizedand serrate or denticulate, with one or two pairs of small and very in-conspicuous gland spines accompanying the lobes, marginal setaenormal and occurring singly, without incisions or chitinous para-physes, anal opening moderate, approximately half-way between baseand apex of pygidium, paragenitals present, numerous, in five lineargroups, marginal ducts large, numerous, not grouped, axis longi-tudinal, dorsal ducts large, in three definite rows, a single group toeach row, without micropores, with a few ventral setae, withoutbasal thickenings, with large, conspicuous, broad thickenings extend-ing in from the posterior margin; intermediate stage female essen-tially similar to adult ; larva with 4-5-segmented antennae, the termi-nal annulate, apex of body with a median projection, a pair of lobesand several pairs of marginal tubular ducts, the inner pair withinthe lobes. ^^In spite of the differences noted, chiefly with relation to the ratherconspicuous divergence in the character of the median lobes, and tothe shape of the body in the two species discussed herewith, thewriters believe them to be congeneric, since the.resemblance in prac-tically all of the remaining comparative characters is close.It is not possible at present to give any more definite indicationof the relationships of the genus than that suggested in the genericdiagnosis.
1' The writers believe that the male scale of botli these species was observed in theMaskell material, and that it was similar in shape and appearance to that of the female.The material was so limited, however, that the preceding can not be stated positively.
'* The simllatlty in the apex of the abdomen of the larva in tliese two species is note-worthy, in contrast to the marked differences in the adults. While a careful effort wasmade to keep a!l stajres of these two species separate, it is possible, since they were bothenclosed in the same package, tliat the larva became scattered before new mounts weremade, and that as a result the larva of the same species has been described twice.The material available for study does not permit an attempt to verify this possibility,and It Is therefore necessary to let the larval descriptions stand as distinct, pending theexamination of additional material. In this connection It may be noted that the differ-ence of one segment in the number found in the antennas may also prove to be moreapparent than actual wlien an abundance of good material is available for examination.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MASKELL PUBLICATIONS ON COCCIDAE.The following list, arranged chronologically, is believed to be a completerecord of the papers published by Maskell on the scale insects
:
1879. On Some Coccidae in New Zealand. Trans. New Zealand Inst, vol. 11,for 1878, pp. 187-228, pis. 5-8.1880. Further Notes on Nev.- Zealand Coccidae. Trans. New Zealand Inst.,vol. 12, for 1879, pp. 291-301, pi. 7.1882. Further Notes on Coccidae in New Zealand, with descriptions of newspecies. Trans. Now Zealand Inst., vol. 14, for 1881, pp. 215-229, pis.15-16.1884. Further Notes on Coccidae in New Zealand. Trans. New Zealand Inst.,vol. 16, for 1883, pp. 120-144, pis. 1-2.1885. Chermes or FTermes. Trans. New Zealand Inst., \o\. 17, for 1884, pp.17-18.
. Further Notes on Coccidae in New Zealand. Trans. Nevv- Zealand Inst.,vol. 17, for 1884, pp. 20-31, pi. S.1887. On the Honeydew of Coccidae and the Fungus Accompanying these In-sects. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 19, for 1886, pp. 41-45, pi. 1.
. Further Notes on New Zealand Coccidae. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol.19, for 1886, pp. 45-49, pi. 2.
. An Account of the Insects Noxious to Agriculture and Plants in NewZealand, The Scale Insects (Coccidae). Wellington, 1887, 116 pp., 23 pis.1889. On Some new South Australian Coccidae. Trans. Royal Soc. SouthAustralia, vol. 11, for 1888, pp. 101-111, pis. 12-14.
. On the Distinction l)etween Lecanidinae, HemicoccMinae and Coccidinae.Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 25, 1889, pp. 405-409.1890. Further Notes on Coccidae, with Descriptions of New Species fi'om Aus-tralia. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, for 1889, pp. 133-156, pis.4-9.
. Icerya purchasi and its Insect Enemies in New Zealand. Ent. Month.Mag., vol. 26, 1890, pp. 17-19.
. On a New Australian Coccid. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales,ser. 2, vol. 5, 1890, pp. 280-282, pi. 15.
. How do Coccids Produce Cavities in Plants. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 26,1890, pp. 277-280.
. New Zealand Coccidae exhibited by W. M. Maskell at the meeting of theEntomological Society of London (published letter). Proc. Ent. Soc.London, for 1890, pt. 2, pp. xiv-xvi.1891. Descriptions of New Coccidae. Indian Museum Notes, vol. 2, 1891, pp.59-62.
. Description of a New Scale Insect Infesting Grass. Agricultural Ga-zette, New South Wales, vol. 2, no. 6, 1891, pp. 352-353.
. Further Coccid Notes, with Descriptions of New Species from New Zea-land. Australia and Fiji. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 23, for 1890,pp. 1-36, pis. 1-7.1892. Further Coccid Notes with Descriptions of New Species and Remarks onCoccidae from New Zealand, Australia, and Elsewhere. Trans. New-Zealand Inst., vol. 24, for 1891, pp. 1-64, pis. 1-13. 115
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.1882. Migrations und New Localities <,f some Coccids. Ent. Montli. Mag., vol.28, 1892, pp. 69-71.
. A new Icerya and Some Other New Coccids from Australia. Ent. Montli.Mag., vol. 28, 1892, pp. 183-184.1893. Further Ooccid Notes, with Descriptions of New Species from Australia,India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara and South Pacific. Trans. NewZealand Inst., vol. 25, for 1892, pp. 201-252, pis. 11-18.
. A few Remarks on Coccids. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 29, 1893, PP- 101-105.
. Notes on Cocoanut palm Coccidae. Indian Museunj Notes, vol. 3, 1893,pp. 66-67, fig.1894. Further Coccid Notes with Descriptions of Several New Species andDiscussion of Various Points of Interest. Trans. New Zealand Inst.,vol. 26, for 1893, pp. 65-104, pis. 3-8.
. The Egyptian Icerya in Australia. Insect Life, vol. 6, 1894. p. 268.
. On a New Coccid on Fern Roots. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales,ser. 2, vol. 8, for 1893, pp. 225-226, pi. 7.
. Remarlis on Certain Genera of Coccidae. The Entomologist, vol. 27,1894, pp. 44-46, 93-95, 166-168.1895. Synoptical List of Coccidae Reported from Australia and the PacificIslands up to Dec. 1894. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 27, for1894, pp. 1-35.
. Further Coccid Notes, with Descriptions of New Species from NewZealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands and Elsewhere, and Remarkson many Species Already Reported. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol.27, for 1894, pp. 36-75, pis. 1-7.
. Notes on Some Genera and Species of Coccidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,ser 6, vol. 16, 1895, pp. 129-138.(?). Aspidiotus perniciosus and Aouidia fusca. Their Probable Identityand Genus. Agricultural Gazette, New South Wales, vol. 6, no. 12,for 1895, pp. 868-870.1896. Further Coccid Notes, with Descriptions of New Species and Discussionsof Questions of Interest. Trans. N\nv Zealand Inst., vol. 28, for 1895,pp. 380-411, pis. 1&-23.
. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. and Aonidia fusca Mask. : A question ofidentity or variation. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 32, 1896. pp. 33-36.
. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. and Aonidia fusca Maskell. A question ofidentity or variation. Canadian Ent., vol. 28, 1896, pp. 14-16.
. Notes on Coccidae. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 32, 1896, pp. 223-226.1897. Further Coccid Notes, with Descriptions of New Species and Discussionof Points of Interest. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 29, for 1896,pp. 293-331, pis. 18-22.
. On a Collection of Coccidae Principally from China and Japan. Ent.Month. Mag., vol. 33, 1897, pp. 239-244.1898. Further Coccid Notes, with Description of New Species, etc. Trans.New Zealand Inst., vol. 30, for 1897. pp. 219-252, pis. 23-27.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.The photographic illustratious of the habit characteristics of the variousspecies shown in these plates have, vt^ith the single exception noted, been pre-pared by Mr. J. G. Pratt, photographer for the Bureau of Entomology. Noattempt has been made to photograph the insects to a definite scale of enlarge-ment, and the text of this paper or Maskell's publications should be consultedfor information as to the actual size of each species. Due either to the poor<*ondition or the lack of material of a number of Maskell's species, it has notbeen possible to obtain photographs of them, and in consequence the series isnot complete. PI.ATE 1.Fig. 1. Monophlebuhis fusmis (Masked), adult female.2. Coelostomidia sealandica (Maskell), tests of intermediate stage females.3. Phenacoleachia zealandica (Maskell), adult male and adult female.4. Fretwhia casuarinae Maskell, adult females, from above and in posi-tion within gall.5. Solenococcns fagi (Maskell), tests of adult females. (.1. G. Sanders,photo.
)
Plate ?.Fio. 1. Ericoccv.s CHCaliipti Maskell, sacs of adult females on twigs.2. Cylindrococcus casuarinae Maskell, adult female galls.3. Sphaerococcopsis inflatipes (Maskell), female tests on bark.4. Callococcus pulchellus (Maskell), female tests on twig.5. Eremococcus pirogalUs (Maskell), female galls.Plate 3.Fig. 1. Epicoccus acaoiac (Maskell), adult females on twigs.2. Pseudoripersia turglpes (Maskell), adult female sacs on twigs.3. Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell), adult females.4. Ceronenm banksiae Maskell, adult female on leaf.5. Eriochiton hispidus Maskell, female tests on leaf.Plate 4.Fig. 1. Mallococciis sinensis (Maskell), female tests on twig.2. Lecanochiton metrosideri Maskell, female tests on twig.3. Ctenochiton viridis Maskell, adult females.4. Inglisia patella Maskell, female tests.5. Paraleeaivium frenchii (Maskell), adult females (not Jlaskell speci-mens). Plate 5.Fig. 1, Ci'Vptes haccatus (Maskell), male puparia and females.2. Alecanopsis fiUcum (Maskell), adult female.3. Poliaspis media Maskell, female scale (probably not true media).4. Phaulaspis hakeac (Maskell), female scales on bark.5. Phaulomytilns striatus (Maskell), female scales on host. 117
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. voi. 60.Plate 6.Fig. 1. Coccomytilus convexut (Haskell), female scales on host.2. Trichomytilus fonnosus (Maskell), female and male scales on leaf.3. Allantomytilus maideni (Maskell), female scales on leaf.4. Anoplaspis metrosideri (Maskell), female scales.5. Anoplaspis maskelU, new species, female scales on leaf of host.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCZEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. I
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFor explanation of plate see page 117.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. 2
i
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFOR EXPLANATJON OF PLATE SEE PAOE 117
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. 3
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFor explanation of plate see page 117.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. 4
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFor explanation of plate see page 117.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. 5
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFor explanation of plate see page 117.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 12 PL. 6
Maskells Genera of CoccidaeFor explanation of plate see page 118.
INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.
[In the following index valid generic names are indicated in boldflice type ; valid specificnames in roman, and synonyms in italics.]Page.acaciae, Epioccus 41acaciae, Kermes 83africana 63Alecanopsis 83filicum 83Allantomytilus 106maideni 106alni Florence 13alnl Oguma 13Amonostherium 48confusum 48lichtensioidea 48amplior 28Anoplaspis 109maskelli 112metrosideri 109Aonidiella 9Gaurantii 96argentata 102argentosls 88assimile 11aurantii 96baccatus 80bambusae 55bambusicola 102banksiae 60cajani 74Oallococcus 32pulchcllus 32carissae 88casuarinae, Cylindrococcus 20casuarinae, Frenchia 17casuarinae, Poliaspis 88casuarinae, Sphaerococcus 35caudata 62cellulosa 74Ceronema ^_ 60africana 63banksiae 60caudata 62dryandrae 62japonica 62koebelei 62Ceroplastodes 74cajani 74Chaetococcus S.Tbambusae 55graminis 57Ohentraapls 93extensus 95unilobis 93
Page.Coccomytilus 100argentata 102bambusicola 102convexa 100Coelostomidia 7a.ssimilis 10compressa . 10pilosa 10wairoeusis 10zealaudica , 7compressa 10confusum 48convexa 100crawfordi 6crawfordi pilosior 6Cryptaonidia 89Cryptes 80baccatus 80Ctenochiton 71cellulosa 74eucalypti 74rhizophorae 74viridls 71cycadls 88Cyllndrococcus 26amplior 28casuarinae 26gracilis 28spiniferus 28Drosicha 7townsendi 6dryandrae 62Epicoccus 41acaciae 41Eremococcus 38pirogallis 38Eriocliiton 63blspidus 63spluosus 65theae 65Eriura 48globosum 48eucalypti, Ctenochiton 74eucalypti, Briococcus 23eucalypti, Lachnodius 44eucalj'pti, Thekes 23exocarpi 88extensus 95fagi 21filicum 83formosus 103119
120 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.
yrenchlacasuarlnae ?semioccultafrenchiifuscusglobosumgracilis --graminishakeaehirtushispidusInflatipesInglisia
.patellaintermediaJaponicaKermesacaciaekiggelariaekoebeleiKuwanina -obscuratusparvus .LachnodiellaLachnodiuseucalyptihirtuslectulariuslanigerumLecanochitonmetrosideriminorlectularius-ilichtensioidesmaideniMallococcuslanigerumsinensismarianummaskellimediametrosideri, Anoplasplsmetrosideri, Lecanochiton.minorUonophlebiucrawfordlcrawfordi pllosiorMonophlebulusfuscustownsendiniteusobscuratusFaralecaniumfrenchiimarianum
1717I'O7844828578947632975758862838388G25858584644444747696969714748106666966791128610969716664468858787879
Page.parvus 58patella ._. .- 75Phaulaspis S9hakeae 89Phaulomytilus ;>6fetriatus :)6Phenacoleachia ._ 14zealandica 14pilosa 10pini ^__^ . 88pirogallis -1-1--^ : 38Foliaspis 86argentosis s8carissae 88casuarlnae 88cycadis 88exocarpi 88intermedia 88kiggelariae 88media 86aitens 88pini 88Fseudoripersia 51turgipes 51pulchellus 32rhizophorae 74Ripersiella 54rumicis 54somiocculta 20sinensis 66Solenoooccus 21fagi 21Sphaerococcopsis -9inflatipes 29Sphaerococcus !5casuarinae "iSspiniferus 28spinosus 65striatus "JOtheae 65Thekes 23eucalypti 23townsendi 8Trichomytilus 103formosus 103turgipes 31TTltracoelostoma 11assimile 11unilobis 93viridis 71Xylococcus 13alnl Florence 13alni Oguma 13zealandica Coelostomldia 7zealandica, Phenacoleachia 14