SCI. MAR., 68 (3): 355-372 SciENTiA MARINA 2004 A review of Strobopagunis Lemaitre, 1989 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), with description of a new species* RAFAEL LEMAITRE Department of Invertebrate 2Ux)Iogy. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box. 37012, Washington. D.C. 2(X)I3-7012. E-mail: lemaitre.rafael@nmnh.si.eclu SUMMARY: Species of the parapagurid genus Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989 are reviewed based primarily on abundant specimens obtained during French campaigns across the Indo-Pacific region. A new species. A', hreviacus, is described. The genus contains two other species, 5. gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891), the type of the genus, and 5. sihogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972). One taxon, Parapagurus kilburni Kensley, 1973, originally described from off eastern Africa, has been found to be a junior synonym of 5. sihogae. An updateddiagnosisof the genus, and diagnoses and comparative illustrations of all three species, are presented together with a key to aid in their identification. Information on live coloration is provid- ed for S. gracilipes and S. sihogae; live coloration of S. hreviacus is not known. Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea, Parapaguridae, deep-water hermit crabs, Strobopagurus, Indo- Pacific, eastern Atlantic, new species. RESUMEN: REVISI6N DE STROBOPAGURUS LEMAITRI:, 1989 (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: PAGUROIDEA: PARAPAGURIDAE), CON IJ^ DESCRIPCI6N DE UNA ESPECIE NUEVA. - Sc revisan las especies del g^nero Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989, principalmente en base a abundantes especi'menes obtenidos durante las campaiias francesas a traves de la region del Indo-Paclfico. Se des- cribe Una especie nueva, S. hreviacus. El g^nert) contiene otras dos especies, S. gracilipe.i (.^. Milne-Edwards, 1891), la especie tipo del g^nero, y S. sihogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972>. Se ha determinado que Paraimgurus kilburni Kensley, 1973. un taxdn originalmente descrito de la costa oriental africana. es sindnimo de 5. sihogae. sicndo este ultimo el nombre mas antiguo a retener. Se presenta una diagnosis revisada del genero, y de cada una de las especies. Se incluyen ilustraciones comparativas, asi como una clave para ayudar en la identificacidn de las especies. Se presenta informacion sobre los patro- nes de coloraci<5n en vida de S. gracilipes y S. sihogae; el color en vida de S. hreviacus se desconoce. Palabras clave: Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura. Paguroidea, Parapaguridae, cangrejos ermitaiios de aguas profundas, Strobopagurus, Indo-Pacffico, Atldntico oriental, especie nueva. INTRODUCTION The genus Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989. was established by Lemaitre (1989) for a small group of distinctive parapagurids characterized primarily by their short, broad shields with oblique rows of long setae dorsally, stout ocular peduncles with strongly ?Received September 16, 2003. Accepted January 19. 2004. dilated corneas, slender chelipeds, straight dactyls on the ambulatory legs, and in males, the strongly twisted distal segments of the second pleopods. Lemaitre (1989) included three taxa in this genus: S. gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891), at the time known from the eastern Atlantic and Hawaii; 5. sibogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972), from the western Pacific; and 5. kilburni (Kensley, 1973), from off eastern Africa. New specimens of 5. gracilipes and REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 355 S. sibogat have rarely been reported since their orig- inal descriptions, whereas 5. kilburni has remained exclusively known from the type material. While continuing the study of the remarkably rich parapagurid collections obtained during the French campaigns of the last three decades to the western Indian Ocean, New Caledonia and other Pacific regions, numerous specimens assignable to S. gracilipes, the type species of the genus, and 5. sibogae, were found. Also, abundant specimens of an undescribed species were discovered. The evalu- ation of this and all other materials of Strobopagu- rus taxa found in various museums, has provided the opportunity to update the diagnosis of the genus, as well as the morphology and distribution of its ^jecies. Furthermore, a comparison of the type materials of 5. kilburni and S. sibogae showed that the former is a junior synonym of the latter. In this study, the genus Strobopagurus is rediag- nosed, the newly discovered species is fully described, and the other two species herein recog- nized as valid are reviewed and diagnosed, including comparative illustrations of diagnostic characters, and color information where available. A key to aid in the identification of species is also presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphological terminology employed, and measurements, follows those defined by Lemaitre (1989, 1999, 2004). However, on the fourth pereo- pod, the length of the propodus is measured in a straight line from the proximal end of the ventral margin to the tip of the distalmost scale of the rasp; the height of the propodus is measured perpendicu- larly to the dorsal margin, from its midpoint, to the ventral margin. The numbers or range in millimeters (mm) included in the Material examined and figure legends, are measurements for shield length (si), measured from the midpoint of the rostral lobe to the midpoint of the posterior margin of the shield. The specimens from the French campaigns remain deposited in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), except for some represen- tatives sent to the National Museum of Natural His- tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. (USNM). Other specimens used have been returned to the following museums: Bernice P. Bishop Muse- um, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. (BPBM); Fisheries Research Station, Hong Kong, China (FRS); Mus^e Oceanographique, Monaco (MO); National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (NTOU); South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa (SAM); Zologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands (ZMA); Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMK); Zoological Muse- um, Moscow State University, Russia (ZMUM). Other abbreviations used are: M, male(s); F, female(s); ch, "chalutage", shrimp trawl; CP, beam trawl; DW, Waren dredge; FRV, Fishery Research Vessel; juv, juvenile; N.O., Navire Oceanographique; ov, ovigerous; stn, station; RA', Research Vessel. The station data for the French campaigns from which Strobopagurus material was examined, can be found in the following publications or unpub- lished reports, or through the MNHN website (http://cimbad.mnhn.fr/musorstom/): BATHUS 1-4: Richer de Forges and Chevillon, 1996. BENTHAUS: MNHN website. BENTHEDI: unpublished report (A. Crosnier, pers. comm.). BERYX 11: Lehodey et al. (1992). BIOCAL: Richer de Forges, 1990. BIOGEOCAL: Richer de Forges, 1990. BORDAU 1: Richer de Forges et al., 2000a. BORDAU 2: MNHN website. CHALCAL 2: Richer de Forges, 1990. HALIPRO 1: Richer de Forges and Chevillon, 1996. LIFOU: unpublished report (A. Crosnier, pers. comm.). Madagascar, N.O. Vauban: Crosnier, 1978. MUSORSTOM 2: MNHN website. MUSORSTOM 4-6: Richer de Forges, 1990. MUSORSTOM 8: Richer de Forges et al., 1996. MUSORSTOM 10: Richer de Forges et al., 2000b. NORFOLK 1: MNHN website. SALOMON 1: MNHN website. SMIB 3, 4: Richer de Forges, 1990. SMIB 5: Richer de Forges, 1993. SMIB 8: Richer de Forges and Chevillon, 1996. SMIB 10: MNHN website. SURPRISE: Garrige et al., 2000. TAIWAN 2000-2003: MNHN website, and T.-Y. Chan (pers. obs.). VOLSMAR: Laboute er a/., 1989. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Family PARAPAGURIDAE Smith, 1882 Genus Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989 Parapagurus: de Saint Laurent, 1972: 101 (in part). Strobopagurus Lemaitre. 1989: 35; 1996: 167. Type species: By original designation: Sympagurus gracilipes A. 356 R. LEMAITRE Milne-Edwards, 1891: 132. Gender: masculine. Other species: Strobopagurus breviacus sp. nov., and S. sibogae (de Saint Laurent. 1972). Diagnosis: Eleven pairs of biserial or quadriseri- al gills weakly divided distally. Shield slightly to distinctly broader than long, evenly calcified: with oblique rows of long setae. Ocular peduncles stout. Corneas strongly dilated. Posterior carapace densely setose, membranous to weakly calcified. Antennal peduncle with or without small dorsodistal spine on fourth segment. Epistomial spine absent. Right che- liped elongate, often more slender in males than in females; palm with rounded mesial face, and weak- ly to well delimited dorsolateral margin. Left che- liped evenly or sometimes weakly calcified on merus, carpus, and proximal portion of palm. Ambulatory legs with dactyls straight or nearly so. Fourth pereopod with propodal rasp consisting of 1 row of corneous scales at least distally. Fifth pereo- pod with small, subterminal corneous tooth on pre- hensile margin of dactyl laterally (Fig. 6). Second abdominal somite with left pleuron terminating ven- trally in small subtriangular lobe. Males with well developed paired first and second gonopods; first gonopods each with short, broad subtriangular distal lobe; second gonopods each with strongly twisted distal segment, with rudimentary exopod on both left and right gonopods, or only on left or right. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic; western Indian Ocean; and western and central Pacific. Depth: 40- 1200 m. Remarks: Lemaitre (1993) and Zhadan (1997) summarized the morphological similarities and dif- ferences between Strobopagurus and Bivalvopagu- rus Lemaitre, 1993, and suggested the existence of a close phylogenetic relationship between the two. Species of these two genera have broad, short shields typically with dense setae, strongly dilated corneas, short basal antennular segments, densely setose posterior carapaces, slender chelipeds and ambulatory legs, the latter with straight dactyls, and second pleopods with twisted distal segments. Strobopagurus does differ from Bivalvopagurus in the degree of calcification of the shield and posteri- Dr carapace (weak in the former, strong in the latter), and first and second abdominal somites (membra- nous in the former, calcified in the latter); the ros- trum and lateral projections of the shield are weakly produced in the former whereas they are well pro- duced and often spinose in the latter; in both sexes :he third to fifth pleopods are unpaired in the former, and paired albeit asymmetrical (reduced on the right side) in the latter; the telson and uropods are asym- metrical in the former, whereas they are symmetri- cal or nearly so in the latter. A small, subterminal corneous tooth laterally on the prehensile margin of the dactyl of the fifth pereo- pod (Fig. 6) has been found to be present on all Strobopagurus species. Its function is unknown. The presence or absence of this tooth has not been report- ed in other parapagurids, although during this study it was found to occur at least in the monotypic genus Bivalvopagurus, and at least one species of Para- giopagurus, P.fasciatus Lemaitre and Poupin, 2003. Key to species of Strobopagurus 1. Fourth pereopod with propodus short, at most about 1.5 times as long as high, often subcircular (Fig. 5F); meri of ambulatory legs slender, 3.6 (first leg) or 2.7 (second leg) times as long as high; posterior lobes of telson nearly symmetri- cal Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) (eastern Atlantic; western, central, and South Pacific) - Fourth pereopcxi with propcxlus long, about 1.9 or more times as long as high (Fig. 5A, H); meri of ambulatory legs not slender, at most 2.5 (first leg) or 2.0 (second leg) times as long as high; posterior lobes of telson distinctly asymmetrical 2 2. Right chela with dorsomesial and dorsolateral margins strongly spinose (Fig. 3E, G); carpus of left cheliped armed with spines on dorsal surface (Fig. 3F, H); antennal acicles exceeding distal margin of corneas by 0.2 or more length of aci- cles Strobopagurus sibogae (de Saint Laurent. 1972) (western Indian Ocean; western Pacific) - Right chela with dorsomesial and dorsolateral margins unanned or at most with small, blunt spines or tubercles (Fig. 3A); carpus of left che- liped lacking spines on dorsal surface except for small dorsodistal spine; antennal acicles at most reaching to about distal margin of corneas Strobopagurus breviacus sp. nov. (western Pacific) Strobopagurus breviacus sp. nov. (Figs. IA-D; 2; 3A. B; 4A-G; 5A-E; 6) T\pes: Holotype: M 6.1 mm. New Caledonia. SMIB 5. stn DW 76, 2'3MI.20'S, I68?00.50'E, 280 m. 07.09.1989 (MNHN Pg 7081). Paratypes: All other specimens listed below. REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 357 Material examined: Solomon Islands. SALOMON I: stn DW 1772, 8?I5.8'S. I60?40.4'E, 570-756 m, 28.09.2001: I M 3.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6564); stn CP 1858,9''37.0'S, 160?41.7'E, 435-461 m, 07.10.2001: 4 M 3.3-5.3 mm. 2 F 3.7, 3.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6565). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8: sm CP 963,20'>20.10'S. 169''49.08'E, 400-440 m, 21.09.1994: I F 3.5 mm, 2 ov F 5.2, 5.9 mm (MNHN Pg 6545); sin CP 964. 20''19.60'S, 169M9.00'E. 360-408 m, 21.09.1994: 1 M 4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6546). New Caledonia. (No expedition name), Dr 3, (no depth), 23.05.1978: 1 M 6.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7082). Dragage 3, N.O. Vauban, 22''17'S, 167?12'E, 390 m, 23-28.05.1978: 1 M 5.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7083). CHALCAL 1: stn DC 64. 22?11.50'S, 159?15.40'E, 305 m, 27.07.1984: 1 F 3.9 mm (MNHN Pg 6531). MUSORSTOM 4: stn CP 172, 19?01.20'S, 163?16.00'E, 275-330 m, 17.09.1985: 1 M 5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7084); stn DW 226, 22?47.20'S, 167'>21.60'E, 390 m, 30.09.1985: 1 M 6.4 mm, 2 ov F 5.2, 6.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7085); sin DW 227, 22?46.00'S, 167''20.00'E, 300 m, 30.09.1985: 2 F 4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7086). MUSORSTOM 5: (no stn number). Chesterfield Islands, (no depth), (no month or day) 1986: 3 M 5.2-6.9 mm, 2 ov F 4.9-7.0 mm (USNM 1016949); stn 258. 25?32.8'S. 159?46.10'E. 300 m. 08.10.1986: 2 F 3.6,4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7087); stn 263.25'21.30'S, 159'>46.44'E. 225-150 m. 08.10.1986: 1 M 4.8 mm. 2 F 3.6.4.3 mm, 1 ovF4.9mm (MNHN Pg 7088); stn 265,25?21.10'S, 159?45.20'E, 190-260 m, 08.10.1986: 2 M 3.6, 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7089); stn 266,25<'20.20'S, 159''45.70'E, 240 m, 08.10.1986: 2 M 5.2,6.7 mm, 1 ov F 5.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7090); stn 267,25?23.60"S. 159?47.20'E, 285 m, 08.10.1986: 1 M 3.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7091); stn 268, 24?44.70'S, 159?39.20'E, 280 m, 09.10.1986: 3 ov F 4.6-4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7092); stn 273, 24?43.02'S, 159?43.26'E, 290 m, 09.10.1986: 1 M 4.6 mm, 1 F 2.5 mm (MNHN Pg 7093); stn 274, 24?44.83'S, 159'>41.00'E, 285 m, 09.10.1986: 1 M 4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7094); stn 275. 24"'46.60'S. 159?40.30'E. 285 m. 09.10.1986: I M 6.3 mm. 1 F 3.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7095); stn 276. 24?48.90'S, 159"40.90'E. 269-258 m. 09.10.1986: 1 M 3.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7096); stn 279. 24'>08.72'S. 159?37.76'E, 260-270 m. 10.10.1986: 1 F 3.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7097); stn 280.24'>09.99'S, 159''35.75'E, 270 m. 10.10.1986: 1 juv M 2.7 mm, 1 F 3.0 mm (MNHN Pg 7098); stn 288,24?04.80'S, 159?36.80'E, 270 m, 10.10.1986: 2 M 3.1,4.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7099); stn 289, 24''01.50-S, 159?38.40'E, 273 m, 10.10.1986: 2 M 4.8.4.9 mm, 1 ov F 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7100); stn 291, 23?07.70'S. 159?28.40'E, 300 m. 11.10.1986: 1 M 3.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7101); stn 293. 23?09.35'S, 159''30.80'E, 280 m, 11.10.1986: 2 M 3.3, 4.3 mm, 1 F 3.3 mm, 1 ov F 4.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7102); stn 299. 22"'47.70'S, 159''23.70'E, 360-370 m. 11.10.1986: 1 M 7.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7103); stn 307. 22?11.07'S, 159?24.07'E. 350-345 m. 12.10.1986: 2 juv F 2.9, 3.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7104); stn 312. 22''17.20'S. 159''24.80'E. 315-320 m, 12.10.1986: 2 5.5. 6.7 mm. 3 ov F 4.8-5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7105); stn 318. 22''26.5rS, 159''21.36'E. 330 m. 13.10.1986: 1 ov F 4.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7106). CHALCAL 2: stn DW 71. 24<'42.26'S. I68?09.52'E, 230 m, 27.10.1986: 1 M 3.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7107); stn DW 74, 24'>40.36'S, 168<'38.38'E, 650 m, 29.10.1986: 1 M 2.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7108). SMIB 3: stn DW 18, 23?41.50'S, 167?59.40'E. 338 m. 23.05.1987: 1 M 8.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7109), 1 F 5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7110); sm DW 29, 22''46.70'S, 167"'l 1.70'E, 405 m, 25.05.1987: 1 M 5.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7111). MUSORSTOM 6: (no stn number). Loyalty Islands, (no depth): 1 F 2.5 mm, 1 ov F 4.5 mm (MNHN Pg 7112); stn DW 391, 20?47.35'S. 167?05.70'E, 390 m, 13.02.1989: 3 M 3.4-6.4 mm, IF 5.2 mm (USNM 1016951); stn DW 406, 20''40.65'S. 167?06.80'E. 373 m. 15.02.1989: 1 M 6.1 mm (USNM 1016953); stn DW 407, 20''40.70'S. 167">06.60'E. 360 m, 15.02.1989: I ov F 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7113); stn DW 428, 20?23.54-S. 166''I2.57'E. 420 m. 17.02.1989: 2 M 2.5. 4.3 mm (MNHN Pg 7114); stn DW 452. 2r00.30'S. 167?25.50'E. 300 m, 20.02.1989: 1 M 6.4 mm (USNM 1016950); stn DW 457. 21?00.42'S, 167028.71'E. 353 m. 20.02.1989: 1 M 5.7 mm. 1 F4.6 mm (USNM 1016952); stn DW 480, 21?08.50'S. 167?55.98'E, 380 m. 22.02.1989: 1 F 5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7115). SMIB 4: stn DW 46, 24?46.70'S, 168?08.50'E, 260 m, 08.03.1989: 1 M 6.3 mm (USNM 1016954). SMIB 5: stn DW 73, 23''41.40'S, 168"'00.60'E, 240 m, 07.09.1989: 1 ov F 6.6 mm (USNM 1016955); stn DW 76, 23?41.20'S, 168?00.50'E. 280 m. 07.09.1989: 1 M6.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7116); stn DW 105. 23?14.30'S, 168"'04.50'E. 310 m. 14.09.1989: 1 ov F 5.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7117). BERYX 11: stn DW 10. 24?53'S. 168?2rE. 565-600 m. 15.10.1992: 1 M 2.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7118). SMIB 8: stn DW 157, 24''45.64'S, 168?08.23'E, 251-255 m. 28.01.1993: 1 M 6.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6532); stn DW 165, 24?47.64'S, 168''09.61*, 372-600 m, 28.01.1993: 1 F 2.9 mm, 1 ov F 4.9 mm (MNHN Pg 6533); stn DW 175, 23041.13', 168?00.38', 235-240 m, 29.01.1993: 1 M 5.9 mm (MNHN Pg 6534); sm DW 177, 23'>39.06', 168?00.05', 320-370 m, 29.01.1993: 1 M 7.9 mm. 3 F 3.4-7.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6535); stn DW 178. 23?45.12'S. 168''17.0rE. 400 m. 30.01.1993: 1 ov F 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6536). BATHUS 1: stn DW 690. 20?32.94'S, 165000.83'E. 352 m. 16.01.1993 (MNHN Pg6537). BATHUS 2: stn CP724.22?47.85"S, 167?25.77'E, 344-358 m, 11.05.1993:4 M 2.0- 6.2 mm (MNHN Pg 6538); stn CP 730, 23''02.56'S, 166?58.30'E, 350-400 m, 12.05.1993: 1 M 5.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6539); sm CP 737, 23?03.42'S, 166?59.97-E, 350-400 m. 13.05.1993: 1 ov F 4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6540). BATHUS 3: stn DW 838, 23?00.81'S, 166"'55.87'E, 400-402 m, 30.11.1993: 1 M 2.5 mm, 2 ov F4.4, 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6541). BATHUS 4: stn DW 904, 18?59.85'S, 163?11.76'E, 461 m, 04.08.1994: 2 M 4.9, 5.0 mm, 1 ov F 4.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6542). SMIB 10: stn DW 208, 24?49'S. 168?09'E. 270 m, 10.01.1995: 1 M 7.2 mm (MNHN Pg 6543); stn DW 209. 24?49'S. 168'>09'E. 329-560 m, 10.01.1995: I F5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6544). SURPRISE: stn CP DW 1391. 18 29.8'S. 16302.8'E. 365 m. 12.05.1999: 1 M 8.3 mm (MNHN Pg 6552); stn CP 1392,18?29.8'S. 163?02.7'E. 365 m, 12.05.1999: 2 M 3.5.7.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6553). LIFOU 2000: stn CP 1 (no coordinates), near R^cif Shelter, (no depth), 20.11.2000: 1 M 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6554). NORFOLK 1: stn CP 1672. 23''43'S, 168?0rE, 267-324 m, 21.06.2001: 1 M 6.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6547); stn CP 1676, 24?43'S, 168?09"E, 227-232 m, 22.06.2001: 1 M 3.6 mm (MNHN Pg 6548); stn DW 1679, 24<'43'S, 168?10'E, 298-324 m, 22.06.2001: 1 F 6.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6549); stn CP 1716, 23''22'S, 168''03'E, 266-276 m, 26.06.2001: 1 M 5.7 mm, 1 ov F6.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6550); stn CP 1718,23?24'S, 168?0rE, 260-373 m, 26.06.2001: 1 M 5.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6551). Fgi. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1387, 18?18.5'S. 178''04.7'E. 229- 370 m. 19.08.1998: 1 F 6.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6566). BORDAU 1: stn CP 1470. 19?40'S, nS'lCW, 316-323 m,08.03.1999: 1 M 4.4 mm, 1 F 3.7 mm. 1 ov F 6.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6446); stn 1475. 19?4rS. 178? 1 rW. 321 -424 m. 08.03.1999: 3 M 3.8-4.8 mm. 3 F 3.8-4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6555); stn CP 1476. 19?4rS, 178''irW. 310-420 m. 08.03.1999: M 3.7 mm(MNHN Pg 6556). 4 M 4.7-7.8 mm. 3 F 4.2- 4.3 mm (MNHN Pg 6557); stn DW 1477, 20<'58'S. 178?45'W, 390- 405 m, 09.03.1999: I M 6.3 mm (MNHN Pg 6558); stn CP 1478, 20'>59'S. 178''44'W, 386-396 m, 09.03.1999: 1 M 4.9 mm, 1 ovF6.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7013); stn DW 1497, 18?44'S, 178?25'W, 335-350 m, 12.03.1999: 2 M 2.0, 2.8 mm, 1 F4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6559). Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn CP 1533. 21?44'S. 175<'20'W. 322-329 m, 04.06.2000: 1 M 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6568); stn CP 1541, 21?15'S, 175?14'W,319-333m, 05.06.2000: 2F2.6,4.9 mm. I FF5.3mm (MNHN Pg 6560); sw DW 1587. 18''37-S. 173''54'W. 309-400 m, 13.06.2000: 1 M 2.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6561); sm CP 1592. I9?08'S, 174<'17"W. 391-426 m. 14.06.2000: 1 F4.2 mm (MNHN Pg 6562); stn CH 1596. 19''06'S. 174?18'W. 371-437 m. 14.06.2000: 1 ov F 7.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6569); stn DW 1636.21<'44'S. 175''20'W.321- 331 m. 20.06.2000: 1 F 6.5 mm. (MNHN Pg 6553); stn CP 1643, 21?05'S, 175''22'W, 371-437 m, 22.06.2000: 1 M 9.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6570). Etymology: The specific name is a compound noun used as an adjective, from the Latin brevis, short, and acus, needle. The latter is also the stem of the word "acicle". The name makes reference to the short antennal acicle, one of the characters that dis- tinguishes this new species from its congeners. Description: Shield (Fig. lA) weakly convex in lateral view; dorsal surface moderately calcified; with rows of long setae on each side, usually as follows: 1 oblique row from level of rostrum to level of lateral projection, 1 oblique row from midpoint between base of antennal peduncle and posterior midline of shield, and 1 longitudinal row parallel to lateral margin oi shield. Rostrum broadly rounded, with short longitu- dinal dorsal ridge; in juveniles (si <3.0 mm) occasion- 358 R. LEMAITRE ^^ c 7/ FIG. 1. - Sirohopagums hreviacus sp. nov.. New Caledonia: A. D. SMIB 5, stn DW 76. holoiype M 6.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7116); B, SMIB 3, stn DW 18. paratype M 8.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7109); C. MUSORSTOM 5. stn 307. paraiype juv F 2.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7104). A. shield and cephalic appendages; B, anterior portion of shield and cephalic appendages; C, anterior portion o( shield: D. right antennal peduncle and anterolateral margin of branchiostcgile, lateral view. Strohopaiturus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards. 1891). New Caledonia, BIOCAL, stn DW 33. M 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119): E, shield and cephalic appendages. Strobopagurus sihogae (de SainI Laurent, 1972). Indonesia. "Siboga" Expedition, stn 12, holotype ov F 7.4 mm (ZMA Del03.109): F, shield and cephalic appendages. Scales equal 3 mm (A, F), 2 mm (B, D), 0.5 mm (C), and 1 mm (E). ally with smalt terminal spine (Fig. IC). Anterior mar- gins weakly concave; lateral projections broadly sub- triangular, unarmed; anterolateral margins sloping; posterior margin broadly rounded. Anterodistal mar- gin of branchiostegite rounded, setose. Ocular peduncles slightly more than 0.5 length of shield, constricted at about midpoint; with short row of setae dorsally. Ocular acicles subtriangular. each terminating in prominent simple spine (rarely bifid), separated by about basal width of 1 acicle. Antennular peduncles long, exceeding distal margins of corneas by about half length of penulti- mate segments; with scattered setae. Basal segment with strong ventromesial spine distally; lateral face with distal subrectangular lobe usually unarmed, and strong spine proximally. Ventral flagellum with about 10 articles. Antennal peduncles (Fig. ID) exceeding distal margins of corneas by 0.3 or more length of fifth segments. Fifth segment with scattered setae. Fourth REVIEW OF 5r/?OBO/'4Gt//ft/S SPECIES 359 FIG. 2. - Sirobopagurus breviacus sp. nov.. New Caledonia: SMIB 3, sin DW 18. paratype M 8.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7109). Left mouthparts, internal view: A. mandible: B. maxillule: C. distal end of endopod of same; D. maxilla; E, first maxilliped; F, second maxilliped: G, third maxilliped: H, same, basis and ischium with crista dentata. Scales equal I mm (A, B. O. E. H). O.S mm (C). and 2 mm (F. G). segment unarmed or with minute dorsodistal spine, with scattered setae. Third segment with small, blunt or sharp ventromesial distal spine. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle produced, terminating in strong spine; mesial margin rounded distally, with or without small spine. First segment with unarmed lateral face. Flagellum long, nearly twice as long as ambulatory legs, naked or at most with scattered short setae less than 1 flagellar article in length. Aci- cle (Fig. 1A,B) not reaching or slightly exceeding distal margin of cornea, sparsely setose, frequently strongly curved outward, and terminating in strong spine; with 4-9 small spines on mesial margin. Mandible (Fig. 2A) as figured. Maxillule (Fig. 2B, C) with external lobe of endopod weakly devel- oped, internal lobe with long seta distally. Maxilla (Fig. 2D) with endopod exceeding distal margin of scaphognathite. First maxilliped (Fig. 2E) with endopod exceeding exopod in distal extension. Sec- ond maxilliped (Fig. 2F) without distinguishing 360 R. LEMAITRE A, B CD E,F G,H FIG. 3. - Right (A, C, E, G) and left (B, D, F, H) chelipeds. A, B. Strohopagurus breviacus sp. iiov., New Caledonia, SMIB 5, stn DW 76, holotype M 6.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7116). C, D. Strohopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards. 1891}. New Caledonia. BIOCAL. stn DW 33, M 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119). E-H, Strohopagurus sibogae ide Saint Laurent, 1972). Madagascar, ch 61 (MNHN Pg 5707): E, F, M 4.7 mm; G, H, M 8.2 mm. Scales equal 4 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C, D), 2 mm (E. F), and 3 mm (G, H). characters. Third tnaxilliped (Fig. 2G,H) with crista dentata consisting of about 14 small corneous- tipped teeth; basis with 1 small tooth mesially. Ster- nite of third maxillipeds with spine on each side of midline. Chelipeds markedly dissimilar. Right cheliped (Fig. 3A) elongate, usually not exceeding tip of dactyls of ambulatory legs when cheliped and legs fully extended; chela nearly naked or with setae on lateral and mesial margins, and scattered setae dor- sally. Fingers straight, tips curving inward and ter- minating in corneous claws; cutting edges each with 2 or 3 large calcareous teeth separated by smaller similar teeth. Palm smooth dorsally, or at REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 361 FIG. 4. - Sirohopagurus hreviacus sp. nov.. New Caledonia, SMIB 5, stn DW 76. holotype M 6.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7116): A, B, right first (A) and second (B) ambulatory legs, lateral view; C, D, dactyls of same, mesial view (C. first; D, second); E. F. meri of left first (E) and second (F) ambulatory legs, lateral view; G, stemite of sixth thoracic stemitc (second ambulatory legs), ventral view. Sirohopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891). New Caledonia, BIOCAL, stn DW 33. M 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119): H. left first ambulatory leg. lateral view ; I, left second ambulatory leg, lateral view. Sirohopagurus sihogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972), Indonesia, "Sihoga" Expedition, stn 12, holotype ov F 7.4 mm (ZMA Del03.109): J, left first ambulatory leg, lateral view; K, left second ambulatory leg. lateral view. Scales equal 5 mm (A, B, J, K), 4 mm (c, D), 1 mm (G), and 2 mm (H, I). most with scattered minute tubercles; dorsomesial margin straight, with irregular rows of small spines or tubercles; dorsolateral margin nearly straight or weakly curved in outline (dorsal view), with irreg- ular row of small blunt spines; ventral surface smooth or with scattered small tubercles. Carpus with longitudinal rows of small setose tubercles on dorsal surface, and row of small spines or tubercles on dorsodistal margin; mesial and lateral surfaces with moderately dense setae, ventral surface often with dense setae. Merus unarmed but with setae on dorsal surface, and often dense setae on ventral 362 R. LEMAITRE FIG. 5. - Strobopagurus breviacu.i sp. nov.. New Caledonia: A-C, D, E, SMIB 5, stn DW 76. holotypc M 6.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7116); C, MUSORSTOM 5. stn DW 258. paratype F 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7087). Strobopagurus gradlipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891). New Caledo- nia: F, G, BIOCAL, stn DW 33, M 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119). Strobopagurus sibogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972). Indonesia: H, 1, "Siboga" Expedition, stn 12, holotype ov F 7.4 mm (ZMA Del().?.109). A, F, H, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral view; B, G, I, tel- son, dorsal view; C, posterior margin of telson, dorsal view; D, left male first pleopod, mesial view; H. left male second pleopod, anterior view. Scales equal I mm (A, B, D, E, F, H, 1), and O.S mm (C, U). surface. Ischium and coxa each with ventromesial margin setose. Left cheliped (Fig. 3B) with dense setae on dor- sal surfaces of chela and carpus, and ventral surfaces of carpus and merus; frequently iridescent (pre- served) on dorsal surface of palm and carpus. Fin- gers straight, tips curving inwards and terminating in corneous claws; cutting edge of dactyl with comb-like row of small corneous spinules, cutting edge of fixed finger with small blunt to .sharp cal- careous teeth. Palm unarmed but with setae. Carpus with small dorsodistal spine. Merus unarmed except for dorsal row of short tufts of setae. Ischium and coxa each with ventromesial margin setose. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 4A-F) similar from right to left except for slightly shorter meri on left. Dactyl about 1.9-2.2 times as long as propodus, terminating in sharp corneous claw; with dorsodistal row of bris- tle-like setae; mesial face with median longitudinal row of about 9 minute corneous spinules. Propodus with dorsal row of short setae. Carpus with small dorsodistal spine, and dorsal row of short setae. Merus about 2.4 times (first leg) or 1.9 (second leg) as long as high; with dorsal row of short setae; ven- trodistal margin armed with irregular rows of small spines (first leg), or unarmed (second leg). Ischium unarmed. Coxa with ventromesial row of setae. Anterior lobe of sixth thoracic stemite (Fig. 4G), with or without small subterminal spine. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 5A) semichelate. Dactyl subtriangular, longer than dorsal margin of propo- dus, terminating in corneous claw; with ventrolater- al row of corneous spinules. Propodus ovate (lateral view), about 1.9 times or more as long as high; rasp consisting of 1 row of ovate scales; ventral margin with long setae. REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 363 FIG. 6. - Strobopaaunis breviaciis sp. IK)\ .. New Caledonia. MUSORSTOM 4. sin UW 226, F 6.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7085), -SEM micrographs: A, distal portion of propodus and dactyl of left fifth pereoptxl, lateral view; B, distal portion of dactyl of same, lateral view. Scales equal I mm (A), and l(X)//m(B). Fifth pereopod (Fig, 6) semichelate. Dactyl witii small subterminal corneous tooth laterally, Propodal rasp extending to midpoint or more of lateral face of propodus. Uropods and telson asymmetrical, Telson (Fig. 5B, C) with weak lateral indentations; dorsal surface frequently with scattered, low blister-like tubercles; terminal half divided into 2 distinctly asymmetrical posterior lobes separated by shallow, unarmed U- shaped cleft; terminal margins of posterior lobes armed with row of corneous spines stronger, and curved, on left side; females frequently with several submarginal rows of spines on terminal margin of left posterior lobe (Fig. 5C). Males first and second gonopods (Fig. 5D, E) as diagnosed for genus; second gonopods sometimes missing rudimentary exopod on left or right gono- pod (Fig. 5E). Coloration in life: Unknown. Distribution: Western Pacific: New Caledonia region; Fiji; Tonga; Vanuatu; and Solomon Islands. Depth: 150 to 756 m. Similarities: This new species is most similar to 5. sihogae. The two can be separated by differences in shape and armature of the right cheliped (chela and carpus), and relative length of the antennal aci- cles. The mesial and lateral margins of the right chela in S. hreviacus are nearly straight in outline (viewed dorsally), whereas they are arched in all but the largest sized specimens (si > 8.0 mm) of 5. siho- gae. The dorsomesial and dorsolateral margins of the chela, and the dorsal surface of the carpus are unarmed or have small blunt spines in 5. hreviacus, whereas the margins of the chela are strongly spin- ose, and the carpus has many spines on the dorsal surface in S. sihogae. The antennal acicles at most reach to about the distal margins of the corneas in S. hreviacus. whereas the acicles exceed the corneas by 0.2 or more the length of each acicle in 5. sihogae. Unfortunately the coloration of S. hreviacus is not known, and thus cannot be compared to the distinct color pattern of S. sihogae. Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards. 1891) (Figs. IE; 3C,D; 4H.1; 5F,G; 7, 8 A-D) S\mpai>urus i^racilipcs A. Milne-Rdwards, 18m: 132: A. Milne- Edwards and Bmivicr. 1892: 205: 1894: 68. pi. 9. Ims. 18-.34; 1897: 133; 1899: 58: I9(X): 194. pi. 24. Ims. 7. 8; Alcock, 1905: 173:Pzibram, 1905: 197; Boiivier. 1922:^21: Forest, 1954: 167, figs. 3, 7: Gordan, 19.56: .341. Panipaf'unis firacilipcy. Forest, 1955: 103, pi. 3. figs. 8-11; de Saini Laurent-Dechance. 1964: 21: Zariquiey-Alvarez, 1968: 252; de Saint Laurent. 1972: 115: Kenslev. 1973: 287: Turkay. 1976: 31: Ingle. 1985: 764; Lemailrc. 1989: .36. StrohopciKiinis i-rocilipfs: Lemaitre. 1989: 36; 1990: 225. fies. 3-5; 1996: 167: Garcia Raso. 1996: 739: Udekem d'Acoz, 1999: 176. Slr<>h(>pa)iiirus cf. sihogae: Poupin. 1993: 51 (abstract). [Not Sirohopa^urus sihogae (de Saint Laurent. 1972)|. (See Rfinarks). Slrohopdiiiiru.s cf. f;r(icilipi:s: Lemaitre. 1994: 377, figs. 1, 2; Poupin 1996: 96. (See Remarks). Not Strohopafiiini.s aff. f>racilipfs: Zhadan. 1997: 77. figs. 15. 16. (= ']Bivul\(ipagiinis sp.; see Remarks). Types: Syntypes: 1 M 4.1 mm, I F 3.6 mm, I ov F 3.4 mm. L'Hi- romlclle stn 198. Azores. 38?26'25"N. .30?59'IO"W. 800 m, 25.07.1888 (MO). Material examined (see also Lemaitre. 1990. 1994): Taiwan. TAI- WAN 2(XX): stn CP 20. 22?2I.O"N. I2()?4I.2'E. 720 m. 28.07.2(KK): I ov F 4.7 mm (NTOU A(XX)11): sin CP 55. 24?26.9'S, 122?18. TE, 364 R. LEMAITRE 638 m. 04.08.2000: I M damaged (NTOU A00005). T.MWAN 2001:slnCP 139. 22?10.7'N. l20?l4.rE. 718 m. 23.11.2001: 1 ov F 4.2 mm (NTOU A00003). TAIWAN 2003: stn CP 214. 24<'28.6'N, I22?12.7'E. 490-1027 m. 27.08.2003: 1 M 4.6 mm. 2 F 4.7.5.1 mm. 9 ovF 3.5-5.1 mm (NTOU AOOOOl). 4 M 4.5-6.1 mm (NTOU A00009), 1 M 6.0 mm (with abnormal riglii cheliped) (NTOU A00002). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1: stn DW 1830, 10''1I.3'S, I61?18.8"E. 500-563 m: 1 M 3.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6.598): stn CP 1833, 10?11.8'S. 161?18.7'E. 367-533 m: 1 M 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6599). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8: stn CP 963, 20*'20'S. 169?49E. 4(X)- 440 m, 21.09.1994: 1 M 3.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6586): stn CP 993, 18?48'S, 168''54"E. 780-783 m. 24.09.1994: 1 M 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6587); stn CP 1035. 17?56'S. 168'>44'E. 765-780 m. 29.09.1994: 2 M 4.9, 5.5 mm, 1 ov F 4.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6558); sin CP 1114, 14?52'S, 167?03'E, 647 m. 08.10.1994: 2 M 4.5. 4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6589). New Caledonia. BICXTAL: stn DW 33,2.3?10'S. 167?10E. 675-680 m. 29.08.1985: 14 M 2.0-4.0 mm. 11 F 2.6-3.8 mm, 4 ov F 2.7-4.3 mm. 1 imm 2.2 mm, 2 megalopas 1.6. 1.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119); stn DW 36, 23''09'S. 167?irE. 650-680 m. 29.08.1985: 1 M 3.3 mm (MNHN Pg 7120): sin DW 51, 23''05S, 167?45'H, 680-700 m. 31.08.1985: I M 3.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7121). MUSORSTO.M 4: sm CP 158. 18?49.3'S. I63"'15"E. 625 m. 15.09.1985: 2 M 4.6. 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7122); stn DW 161. 18''38.8'S. 16.3?10.6-E. 5.50 m, 15.09.1985: 1 M3.0mm. 1 F2.5 mm(MNHNPg7123):stnCP 169. 18?54.3'S. 163?11.2"E,590m. 17.09.1985: 8 M .3.-3-4.9 mm, 1 F4.2 mm, 7 ov F 3.-3-4.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7124); sin CP 199. 18'.50'S. 163?14.5'E. 595 m, 20.09.1985: 1 M 5.2 mm. I ov F 4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 7125). CHALCAL 2: stn DW 73. 24?39.9\S. 168?38.rE. 573 m. 29.10.1986: 2 F 4..5, .5.1 mm. 1 ov F 7.5 mm (MNHN Pg 7126); stn DW 74. 24?40.36"S, 168?38.38E. 650 m, 29.10.1986: 1 M 3.1 mm, 4 F 2.3-4.2 mm. 1 ov F4.3 mm (MNHN Pg7127);stnDW75,24?.39.3rS,168''.39.67'E. 600 m. 29.10.1986: 1 M 3.1 mm, 2 F 2.2, 3.4 mm. 1 ov F .3.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7128). BIOGEOCAL: stn CP 290. 20''36.9rS, 167?03.3'E, 920-760 m. 27.04.1987: 1 M 4.5 mm (MNHN Pg 7129). S.MIB 3 stn DW 2, 24''53.40'S. 168?21.70'E. 5.30 m, 20.05.1987: 1 F2.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7130). MUSORSTOM 6: stn CP 438,20''23'S, 166'':0'K. 780 m. 18.02.1989: 1 ov F 5.4 mm (MNHN Pg 7131). BERYX ll:StnDW 10. 24?53'S. 168?2rE, 565-600 m, 15.10.1992: 1 M 2.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7006). BATHUS 3: stn DW 776, 24?44-S, I70''08'E. 770-830 m, 24.11.1993: 3 M 2.5-3.0 mm. 1 ov F 3.5. 4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6571); stn DW 781. 23?53'S, 169?46'E. 625-640 m. 25.11.1993: I ov F 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6572); Mn DW 784, 23''56'S, 169"'46'E, 611-615 m. 25.11.1993: 1 M 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6573); stn DW 787. 23''53'S, 169048-E, 695-702 m, 25.11.1993: 1 ov F 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6574); stn DW 790. 23?48.94\S, 169?49.60'E, 685-715 m, 25.11.1993: 2 M 3.4. 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7000); sm DW 793. 23''47'S. 169?48'E. 731-751 m. 26.11.1993: 1 ov F 4.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6575); stn DW 794. 2.3?48S. I69''49'E. 751-755 m. 26.11.1993: 2 M 4.3. 4.8 mm. 1 F 3.0 mm. 1 ov F 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6576); stn DW 800. 23?35'S, 169?36E. 655 m. 26.11.1993: 1 M 2.3 mm (MNHN Pg 6577); sm DW 809. 23'4rS. 167'59'E. 510-530 m. 27.11.1993: 1 M .3.3 mm. 2ov F.3.1. 3.6 mm (MNHN Pg 6578): stn DW 827. 23''22"S, 168?0rE. .381-469 m. 29.11.1993: 1 ov F4.6 mm (MNHN Pg 6579); sm CP 831.23''04-S, 166?55'E, 650-658 m. 30.11.1993: 1 F 4.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6580); stn CP 832, 23WS, 166''53'E. 650-659 m. .30.11.1993: I M 5.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6581); stn CP 842. 2.3''05'S. 166?47-E. 8.30 m. 01.12.1993: 1 M .3.4 mm. 1 ov F4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6.582): stn CP 844. 23?06'S. 166''45"E, 908 m, 01.12.1993: 28 M 3.1-4.1 mm, 10 F 2.5-3.5 mm, 17 ov F 2.9-3.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6583). HALIPRO 1: sm CP 854. 21?40'S, 166?38"E, 650-780 m, 31.03.1994: I M 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7007); stn CP 867. 21''26.15'S, 166?18.17E. 720- 950 m, 22.03.1994: 1 M 5.1 mm. 1 F 2.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7008); sin CH 876. 23"'10'S. 166''49'E, 870-1000 m, 31.03.1994: 7 M 2.8-.5.4 mm, 2 ov F 3.5, 3.9 mm (MNHN Pg 6584). BATHUS 4: stn CP 913. 18056'S, 163?04'E, 777-820 m, 05.08.1994: 1 M 4.5 mm, 2 F 3.5, 3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6585); stn CP 921. 18?46.72-S. 163?17.0rE, 613-610 m, 06.08.1994: M 5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7001); .stn CP922. 18''48'S. 163''18'E, 600 m. 06.08.1994: 2 M 3.5-4.7 mm, 3 K 2.9-3.9 mm. 6 ov F 3.4-4.2 mm (ZMUM). NORFOLK 1: sin DW 1694. 2440'S. 16839'E. 575-589 m, 24.06.2001: 3 F 2.7-3.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6448); stn DW 1695, 24?40'S, 168''39'E, 562-587 m. 24.06.2001: 3 M 5.0-5.5 mm, 1 ov F 2.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6445): stn DW 1697, 24'>39"S. 168?38'E. 569-616 m. 24.06.2001: 1 M 2.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6449): stn DW 1700. 24?40'S. 168?40'E. 572-605 m, 24.06.2001: 1 M 4.1 mm i MNHN Pg 6447). French Polynesia. Austral Islands. BENTHAUS: stn DW 1863, 27?39.rS, 144='15.8'W, 6.50-684 m. 02.11.2002: 1 M 3.6 mm, 1 ov F 3.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7(?3): stn 1889, 27?36.8"S. 144?15.7'W, 600-620 m,07.11.2002: ov F4.3 mm (MNHN Pg 6590); sm 1891, 27?.37.rS, 144?15.4W. 800-850 m. 07.11.2002: 2 M 3.6, 5.2 mm, 1 F 3.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6.591); sin 1892. 27?38.8'S, 144?15.6'W, 742-1000 m, 02.11.2002: 1 M 2.3 mm, 3 F 3.0-4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6592); stn 1906.27=24.8"S. 144'01.7'W. 110-127 m, 09.11.2002: 1 M 3.2 mm. 3 F 2.9, 4.3 mm. 2 ov F 4.0.4.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6593); smDW 1961,23?20.9'S. 149''3.3,5'W, 470-800 m, 19.11.2002: 1 F 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 7002); sm CP 1965,23?21.35'S, 149?33.92'W, 500-1200 m, 19,11.2(X)2: 2 M 5.5, 6.1 mm. 3 F 4.4,4.7 mm, 2 ov F 4.2, 4.8 mm, 1 megalopa 3.2 mm (MNHN Pg 6594); stn CP 1967, 23?21.4'S, 149?34.2-W. 6CK)-1200 m. 19.11.2002: 1 M 5.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6595); sin DW 1972, 2.3'22'S. 150''42.9'W, 500-1020 m, 02.11.2002: 1 F 3.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7004); stn DW 2004, 22?27.72, 15n8.7-W. 4.30-8.50 m. 24.11.2002: 1 M 5.7 mm (MNHN Pg 6596): stn DW 2010. 22?32.4-S. 151?20.8-W. 520-950 m, 24.11.2002: 2 M 2.8.5.9 mm. 1 F 2.1 mm (MNHN Pg 7005); stn DW 2018, 22''37.r.S. 152'49.rW. 770-771 m. 02.11.2002: I M 7.0 mm (MNHN Pg 6597). Hawaiian Islands. U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross: sin 3471, Oahu. SE of Honolulu. 2n0..50'N. 157''48..50'W, 616 m. 04.12.1891: 1 M 3.5 mm (LSNM 168990); stn 3472, Oahu. SE of Honolulu. 21'>12.00N. 1.57?49.(X)-W. 540 m. (M.12.1891: 2 ov F 3.6.4.3 mm (USNM 168991): sin 3476.21'>09.0O'N. 157<'53.00'W. 545 m. 06.12.1891: 1 M 4.8 mm (USNM 216792). 2 M 4.9-6.3 mm (USNM 168992); sin .3815. Oahu. off Diamond Head light, 571-417 m. 28.03.1902: 1 ov F4.5 mm (USNM 168993); stn .3835, Molokai. off Ueoka Laau light. 2r00.17-N. 157?05.83'W. 309-333 m, 03.04.1902: 1 M 5.2 mm (USNM 168994); stn 3836, Molokai. off Laeoka Laau light. 21''00.08'N. 157?08.33'W. 435-466 m, 03.04.1902: 2 F 3.3. 4.2 mm (USNM 168995); stn 4084. Maui. off Puniana Poim, 21?()6.66'N. 15.5''20.25'W. 46.3-488 m. 21.07.1902: 2 M 5.0, 5.9 mm (USNM 169005); stn 3865. Pailolo Channel, off Mikuhooniki islet, 468-518 m. 10.04.1902: 5 M 2.8-6.2 mm, 1 F 3.9 mm (USNM 168996); sin 3867, Pailolo Channel, off Mikuhooniki islet, 2n 1.9rN, l.56?33.66'W, 519-530 m, 10.04.1902: 4 F 4.2- 4.5 mm (USNM 168997); stn .3883, Pailolo Channel, off Mikuhooniki islet. 21=09.25'N, 1.56?34.25*W, 507-519 m, 16.04.1902: 4 M 2.8-6.4 mm (USNM 168998); stn .3910, Oahu, off Diamond Head. 569-616 m. 05.05.1902: 1 M 6.0 mm (USNM 168999); stn 3916, Oahu. oft Diamond Head. 547-604 m. 06.05.1902: 1 M 6.2 mm, I ov F 4.7 mm (USNM 169000); stn 3917, Oahu. off Diamond Head light. 604-538 m. 06.05.1902: 1 M 6.4 mm. 1 ovF5.1 mmd.'SNM 169001); stn .3918. Oahu, off Dia- mond Head light, 538-470 m. 06.05.1902: 1 juv sex indet. 2.2 mm (USNM 169002); stn 39.39. v.cinity of Laysan Island light, 25?52.58'N, 171?42.48'W, 298 108 m, 16.05.1902: 1 left cheliped (USNM 169003); stn 4083, Maui, off Puniana Poim, 2r05.42"N, 156?20.33'W, 435-463 m, 21.07.1902: 1 ov F 5.0 mm (USNM 169004); sm 4089. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki islet, 543-556 m. 22.07.1902: 1 M (>.0 mm (USNM 169006); stn 4116, 2I?43.50'N, 1.58">0<).00"W. Oahu. off Kahuku Point. 440-516 m. 25.07.1902: 1 M 8.9 mm (USNM 169(X)7); stn 4132, Kauai, off Hanamaulu warehouse. 22?01..50'N. 159?21.16"W. 470-570 m, 01.08.1902: 1 ov F 4.6 mm (USNM 169008); stn 4133, Kauai. off Hanamaulu waithousc. 22?02.f>6"N. 159?I9.92'N. 302-75 m. 01.08.1902: 1 ov F .3.8 mm (U.SNM 169009). Stn Mac .3, W of Unai. 20'48'N. 157?OIW. 256-274 m, 11.10.1967, coll. L.G. Eldredge: 1 M 4.0 mm (BPBM). R/V Townsend Cromwell, United States National Marine Fisheries Service: stn 33-2, 20?36.9'N, 156?53.8'W, 417-420 m, 26.10.1967: 1 M .3.7 mm, 1 F 3.7 mm (dry, BPBM S10962); sin .3.5-15, 2r()5'N, 156?32'W, 360 m, 01.04.1968: 2 M 5.1, 5.7 mm (BPBM S10953). R/V Proteus: stn 103, 8 mi (14.8 km) NE of Kauhola Point, 20?20.7'N. 155?47.5'W, 457 m. 05.09.1971: 4 M 4.0-4.9 mm. 1 F 3.4 mm (BPBM S8597). Diagnosis: Shield (F-'ig. IE) convex in lateral view, slightly broader than long. Rostrum broadly rounded, with short longitudinal dorsal ridge. Ocu- lar peduncles more than half length of shield. Ocu- lar acicles each terminating in strong spine (rarely REVIEW OF SlROBOPACl/RtyS SPECIES 365 FIG. 7. - Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891), New Caledonia, BIOCAL, stn DW 33, megalopa 1.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7119): A, shield and cx:ulaT peduncles; B, right cheliped; C, left cheliped; D, left first ambulatory leg; E, left second ambulatory leg. Scales equal 0.5 mm (A), and 1 mm (B-E). bifid). Antennular peduncles exceeding distal mar- gin of corneas by slightly more than length of ulti- mate segments. Antennal peduncles at most exceed- ing distal margin of corneas by about 0.2 length of ultimate segments; fourth segment usually lacking or occasionally with dorsodistal spine; second seg- ment with dorsolateral distal angle produced, termi- nating in strong spine, mesial margin with or with- out small spine at dorsodistal angle; first segment with row of short spines on ventrodistal margin. Antennal acicle exceeding distal margin of corneas by at most 0.2 length of acicle; mesial margin armed with 3-7 small spines on proximal half. Stemite of third maxillipeds usually lacking spines on each side of midline. Right cheliped (Fig. 3C) usually broader and shorter in females than in males; in large males (si > 4.0 mm) carpus and chela frequently very elon- gated, each 2.0-2.5 times as long as broad; dactyl with row of small blunt spines on mesial margin proximally; palm unarmed dorsally but with scat- tered setae, dorsomesial and dorsolateral margins with small blunt or sharp spines; carpus with scat- tered or numerous small spines or tubercles dorsal- ly. Left cheliped (Fig. 3D) with setae or bristles on dorsal surface of chela, carpus, and merus; dorsal surface of carpus with or without small spines, and small dorsodistal spine. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 4H, I) with meri shorter on left legs than on right legs; merus about 3.6 (first leg) or 2.7 (second leg) times as long high. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 5F) semichelate; dactyl stout, about as long as dorsal margin of propodus; propodus short, about 1.4 times as long as 366 R. LEMAITRE Fig. 8.? Live coloration. A-D. Strohopaf-unis f;r(icili/>i's (A. Milne-Edwards. 1891): A. ov F 5.1 mm. TAIWAN 2(K).l. sin CP 214 (NTOU A(XXX)1); B. M 6.0 mm (with abnormal riaht clicliped). same station (NTOU A(XKX)I): C. M 6.1 mm, French Polynesia. BENTHAUS. stn CP 1965 (MNHN Pc 6594): D. ov F .^.8 mni. French Polynesia. BENTHAUS. stn DW 1863 (MNHN Pg 7(X).^). E. Slrohopcit-urus sihoi-m- (de Saint Laurent. 1972): F 6.2 mm. TAIWAN 2(X).3. stn CP 216 (NTOU A(XX)7). Photographs by T.-Y. Chun (A, B. E). and J. Poupin (C. D). REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 367 high, often subcircular in outline (lateral view); propodal rasp with 1 row of rounded scales. Anteri- or lobe of sternite of sixth thoracic sternite (second ambulatory leg) usually unarmed, setose. Uropods strongly asymmetrical, telson (Fig. 5G) weakly so. Terminal half of telson divided into 2 nearly sym- metrical, rounded posterior lobes separated by wide U-shaped cleft, and armed with often curved cor- neous spines. Coloration in life (Fig. 8A-D): Somewhat vari- able. Shield and cephalic appendages white or light orange, antennular and antennal peduncles some- times light red. Chelipeds white or light orange becoming darker distally on carpi and near base of fingers on palm. Ambulatory legs white, most fre- quently with lateral faces of meri, carpi, and propo- di partially light orange or with light orange stripe; dactyls light orange proximally near propodi, white distally. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: from Portugal to Morocco, including the Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands. Western, central, and South Pacific: New Caledonia region; Vanuatu; Solomon Islands; Taiwan; Hawaiian Islands; and French Polynesia. Depth: 75 to 1200 m. Variations: As stated in the diagnosis, the right cheliped in large males of this species can be quite long, and slender. One male examined (Taiwan 2003, stn CP 214, si 6.0 mm, NTOU AOOOOl) has what appears to be an abnormal right cheliped, sim- ilar in size to the left cheliped (Fig. 8B). Small spec- imens (si < 2.0 mm), and immature individuals usu- ally have paired, asymmetrical pleopods. Similarities: This species can be distinguished from the other two congeners, 5. sibogae and S. bre- viacus sp. nov., primarily by the shape of the propo- dus and dactyl of the fourth pereopod, the more slender segments (the meri in particular) of the ambulatory legs, and shape of telson. On the fourth pereopod, the propodus is short and subcircular (in lateral view) in S. gracilipes, whereas it is long and ovate in the other two species; the dactyl is stout and short, about as long as the dorsal margin of the propodus in 5. gracilipes, whereas the dactyl is elon- gate, and longer than the dorsal margin of the propo- dus in the other two congeners. The length/height ratio of the meri of the ambulatory legs varies from 2.7 to 3.6 in 5. gracilipes; from 1.9 to 2.4 in S. bre- viacus sp. nov.; and from 2.0 to 2.5 in S. sibogae. The terminal half of the telson is divided into nearly symmetrical posterior lobes in S. gracilipes, where- as the lobes are distinctly asymmetrical in the other two congeners. Also, the two species differ in col- oration (Fig. 8) of chelipeds and ambulatory legs. Remarks: Lemaitre (1994) tentatively reported a female specimen from French Polynesia as S. cf. gracilipes. This same specimen had been reported by Poupin (1993) as Strobopagurus cf. sibogae. Reexamination of the specimen has removed any doubts on its identity, and represents 5. gracilipes. So far, 5. sibogae is not known to occur in French Polynesia. Zhadan (1997) reported a number of specimens from the ridges of Sala y Gdmez, in the southeastern Pacific, as Strobopagurus aff. gracilipes. He found the specimens to be intermediate between S. gra- cilipes and Bivalvopagurus sinensis. To explain their morphology Zhadan invoked a process of "pro- gressive carcinization" similar to that presumed by Blackstone (1989) for southern and northern popu- lations of Pagurus hirsutiusculus (Dana, 1851) in the eastern Pacific. Zhadan chose to assign his spec- imens tentatively to S. gracilipes based on the pres- ence of unpaired left third to fifth pleopods. Howev- er, the degree of development of right third to fifth pleopxxls in B. sinensis can vary substantially (pers. obs.), and they can often be small or obscured by tufts of setae. The description and characters depict- ed by Zhadan (1997) suggest instead that his speci- mens represent either B. sinensis or perhaps an undescribed species of that currently monotypic genus. It should be pointed out that the concept of carcinization, as traditionally applied to the Paguri- dae, and Blackstone's (1989) assumption, have both been shown to be erroneous (Crain and McLaughlin, 1993; McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 1997; McLaughlin et ai, 2004). Strobopagurus gracilipes has a broad, disjunct distribution that includes the eastern Atlantic, and western, central and South Pacific. At least two other parapagurids, Paragiopagurus ruticheles (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) and Sympagurus acinops Lemaitre, 1989, have similar, disjunct distributions (Lemaitre, 1990, unpub. obs.). It is conceivable that such distributions may reflect the existence of cryp- tic species. However, so far no adult morphological characters have been found that allow separation of Atlantic and Pacific populations of any of these three species. Two megalopas inhabiting gastropod shells, believed to be of 5. gracilipes, were found at BIO- CAL station DW 33 (MNHN Pg 7119) along with adults of this species. These megalopas differ from other parapagurid megalopas previously reported 368 R. LEMAITRE (see de Saint Laurent-Dechanc6,1964; Lemaitre and McLaughlin, 1992; Lemaitre, 1997) by the short, broadly subtriangular rostrum (Fig. 7A) with a shal- low, median indentation, and the straight dactyls (Fig. 7D, E) of the first and second ambulatory legs, which lack ventromesial spines. In other para- pagurid megaiopas, the dactyls of the pereopods have a row of ventromesial spines, and are evenly curved; the rostrum is obtusely subtriangular, round- ed, more produced anteriorly than in S. gracilipes, and lacks a median indentation. The chelipeds (Fig. 7B, C) of the megaiopas of 5. gracilipes are smooth, unarmed, similar to those of the megalopa of Sym- pagurus dimorphus (see Lemaitre and McLaughlin, 1992). In other characters so far studied, all para- pagurid megaiopas are nearly identical. Strobopagurus sibogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972) (Figs. IF; 3E-H; 4J, K; 5H, I, 8E) Parapagurus sibogae de Saint Laurent, 1972: 116, figs. 10. 23; Miyake, 1978:71; 1982: 197. Parapagurus kilhurni Kensley, 1973: 285, figs. 1. 2; 1974: 66; 19$U 33. (See Remarks) Strobopagurus sibogae: Lemaitre, 1989: 36; 1996: 167, fig. 1; 1997: 575; Miyake, 1991: 197; Davie, 2002: 91. Strobopagurus kilhurni: Leinaitre, 1989 36; 1996: 167; Zhadan, in press: figs. 45-47, 53. Types: Holotype: ov F 7.4 mm, Indonesia, "Siboga" Expedition, stn 12,07?15'S, 115?15.6'E,289m, 14.03.1899, coll. M.Weber (ZMA DelO3.109). Presumed paratypes (see Remarks): China Seas, Fish- eries Research Station, Hong Kong, coll. O. T. Chan: 1 M 5.9 mm, Cr. 4/64, stn 146, trawl 227,285 m, 24.08.1964, (MNHN Pg 2204); 1 M 4.3 mm, Cr. 4/64, T 227,285 m (MNHN Pg 2206): 1 F 3.6 mm, Cr. 4/14, stn 114, trawl 216, 251-256 m, 22.08.1964 (MNHN Pg 2207); 1 M 8.2 mm, Cr. 12/65, stn 65, T/380 (MNHN Pg 2205). 1 F 4.3 mm, Indonesia, Borneo, Sibuko Bay, off Mabul Island. Alba- tross stn 5589, 04?12.10'N, 118?38.08'E, 260 m, 29.09.1909 (USNM 169010). I F 6.5 mm, (exact locality unknown), Gier no. 24,06.09.1909 (ZMA De.103.114). Types of Parapagurus kilhurni Kensley, 1973: all from off Durban, South Africa, 270 m. (unknown date), coll. R. N. Kilbum: holotype: M 7.5 mm (.SAM A13185); paratypes: 4 M 6.0-7.5 mm (SAM A13186). Material examined (see also Lemaitre, 1996, 1997): Western Indi- an Ocean. BENTHEDI: NE Mozambique Channel, (Hies Glo- rieuses, stn 98F, 11?35.5'S, 47?16.5'E, 260-460 m, 07.(M.I977: 1 F 6.7 mm (MNHN Pg 7132). Madagascar: PI ch 4. 12?52.4'S, 48?10.4'E, 400-410 m, 04.03.1971, coll. A. Ctosnier: 1 M40mm. 1 F 3.5 mm, 1 ov F 4.6 mm (USNM 1016851, ex MNHN Pg 5699 in part); PI ch 6, 12''52.42.7'S. 48?12.8'E, 444-4.35 m, 05.03.1971. coll. A. Crosnier: 2 ov F 4.3-4.4 mm (MNHN Pg 57(K)); ch 12. 12?42.2'S, 48''14.2'E, 395-405 m, 14.04.1971, coll. A. Crosnier: 3 M 5.1-5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 5706); ch 61, 23?.36.rS. 4.3?31.0'E. 445-455 m, 27.02.1973, coll. A. Crosnier: 3 M 4.7-8.2 mm, 1 F 3.8 mm (MNHN Pg 5707); ch 105, 22?I7.9'S, 43?04.0E, ^150 m, 29.11.1973, coll. A. Crosnier: I F4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 5711). Wal- ters Bank: Marion Dufresne, stn CP47, 33? 11.4'S, 44?00.4'E, 620- 635 m, 16.03.1976: I M 5.1 mm (MNHN Pg 6604). Indonesia. Java-South Africa Expedition 1929-30: stn 7, 8?29'S. 114?40'E, 200 m, 05.04.1029: 5 M 3.9-7.6 mm, 3 F 3.9-6.1 mm, 3 ov F 5.5-7.0 mm (ZMK); stn 10, 8?36"S, 114?34'E. .300 m, 07.04.1929: 1 M 6.4 mm (ZMK); stn 15,7?29'S, I WMg'E, 240 m. 10.04.1929: 1 ov F 6.7 mm (ZMK); stn 16. 7?35'S, I I4?42'E, 200 m, 10.04.1929: 1 F 3.3 mm (ZMK). Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000: stn DW 7,22?20.2'S, 119?I3.2'E. 260 m. -.07.2000: I M 4.6 mm, 1 F 4.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7136), I F 4.0 mm (MNHN Pg 7011); stn CP 11, 22?18.6'S, I19?I4.8E. 262 m. 28.07.2000: 1 F4.3 mm (MNHN Pg 7012). TAIWAN 2001: stn CP 74, 24?50.8'N, 121?59.3'E, 220 m, 07.05.2001: 1 M 7.8 mm (NTOU AOOOlO). TAIWAN 2002: stn CP 162, 22?09.6'S, 120'>37.9'E, 190-200 m. 25.05.2002: 1 M 7.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6734). TAIWAN 2003: stn CP 216, 24?34.7rN, 122?4.02'E, 209- 280 m, 27.08.2003: 1 F 6.2 mm (NTOU A00007). Su-Aou fishing port, I-Lan County, NE Taiwan, 23 Mar 1999, coll. commercial trawler: 1 M 7.9 mm + loose cheliped (NTOU A00008). TaiShi fishing port, 1-Lan County. NE Taiwan, 25 May 1998, coll. P.K.L. Ng, from commercial trawler: 1 M 9.0 mm (NTOU A00004). Philippines. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1913-1916: 25 mi (45.7 km) E by S of Zamboanga. 370-290 m, 03.03.1914: 1 F 4.8 mm (ZMK). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1: stn CP 1851, 10?27.6'S, 162?00'E, 297-.350 m, 07.I0.2(X)I: 2 M 5.1. 5.6 mm, 4 F 5.1-5.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7010): stn 18()0. 9?22'S, l60?3rE, 620 m, 07.10.2001: 1 M 7.9 mm (MNHN Pg6605). New Caledonia. MUSORSTOM 2: stnCP63, I4?07'S, 120?15'W, 215-230 m, 29.11.1980: 1 ov F (MNHN Pg 6412). VOLSMAR: Stn DW 7, 22?26'S, 17r44.10'E, 400 m, 01.06.1989: 1 M 7.5 mm (MNHN Pg 7133). SMIB 5: stn DW 75, 23?40.90'S, 168?00.80'E, 270 m, 07.09.1989: I M 6.9 mm (MNHN Pg 7134). BATHUS 2: stn CP 737, 23?03'S, 166^59'E, 350-400 m, 13.05.1993: I M 7.9 mm, I F 5.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6600); stn CP 743, 22<'35'S, 166'>26'E, 713-950 m. 14.05.1993: 1 M 4.5 mm (MNHN Pg 6601). BATHUS 3: stn CP 822, 23?19"S, 167?57'E, 950-980 m, 29.11.1993: 1 M 7.9 mm. 1 F 5.4 mm (MNHN Pg 6602); stn DW 827, 23?22'S, 168?0I'E, .381-469 m, 29.11.1993: 1 M 4.6 mm (MNHN Pg 7009). HALIPRO 1: ,stn CP 854, 21?40'S, 166?38'E, 650-780 m, 19.03.1994: I ,M 4.8 mm (MNHN Pg 6603). BATHUS 4: stn CP 921, I8?46S, 163?I7'E,6I3-610 m, 06.08.1994: I M 5.2 mm (MNHN Pg 7135). Diagnosis: Shield (Fig. IF) convex in lateral view. Rostrum broadly rounded, with short longitu- dinal dorsal ridge. Ocular peduncles more than half length of shield. Ocular acicles each terminating in strong spine (occasionally bifid). Antennular pedun- cles exceeding distal margin of corneas by slightly more than length of ultimate segments. Antennal peduncles exceeding distal margin of corneas by about 0.3 or less length of fifth segments; fourth segment with small dorsodistal spine; second seg- ment with dorsolateral distal angle produced, termi- nating in strong spine (occasionally bifid), mesial margin with small spine at dorsodistal angle; first segment with row of short spines on ventrodistal margin. Antennal acicles exceeding distal margin of corneas by as much as 0.3 length of acicles; mesial margin armed with 5-7 spines on proximal half. Stemite of third maxilli|x:ds with small spine on each side of midline. Right cheliped (Fig. 3E, G) with chela usually ovate, or oblong in large speci- mens (si > 8.0 mm); dactyl with row of spines on mesial margin; palm with dorsal surface covered with short, fine setae not hiding surface beneath, dorsal surface lacking spines or tubercles, and with dorsomesial and dorsolateral margins well delimited by row of often strong spines (usually double row on mesial margin); carpus armed with often numerous small spines on dorsal surface. Left cheliped dense- ly setose; carpus with dorsolateral, and often also dorsomesial rows of spines. Ambulatory legs with REVIEW OF STROBOPAGURUS SPECIES 369 meri shorter on left side than on right; merus about 2.5 (first leg) or 2.0 (second leg) times as long as dorsoventral height. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 5H) semichelate; dactyl elongate, as long or longer than dorsal margin of propodus; propodus ovate (lateral view), about 1.8 times as long as greatest height; propodal rasp with 1 row of ovate scales. Anterior lobe of sixth thoracic stemite (second ambulatory legs) usually unarmed, setose. Uropods and telson (Fig. 51) strongly asymmetrical; terminal half of tel- son divided into 2 rounded, distinctly asymmetrical posterior lobes by broad, U-shaped cleft, and armed with strong, often curved corneous spines. Coloration in life (Fig. 8E): Shield and cephalic appendages mostly white except for light orange antennules. Chelipeds mostly light orange, with white fingertips, dark orange ventrolateral margins of carpi, and dark orange band near dorsodistal mar- gin of meri; chelae sometimes mostly white with light orange dorsomesial face. Ambulatory legs white; dactyl light orange proximally; carpi and propodi with dorsolateral and dorsoventral stripes; meri with dark orange band near dorsodistal margin, and light orange proximally fading to white distally. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozam- bique Channel; Madagascar. Western Pacific: Indonesia; Philippines; New Caledonia region; Solomon Islands; Taiwan; China Sea; and Japan. Depth: 40 to 980 m. Variations: Variations in shape of the right che- liped of S. sibogae are related to size, particularly in males. Most specimens of both sexes have the lateral margins of palm and fixed finger, and the mesial mar- gin of the palm, distinctly arched (Fig. 3E), with chela and carpus each about 1.4 times as long as broad. In contrast, large males (si > 8.0 mm) have the lateral margins of palm and fixed finger, and mesial margin of palm, nearly straight, with chela and carpus each about 2.1 times longer than broad (Fig. 3G). Similarities: (See S. breviacus). Remarks: In the original description of this species by de Saint Laurent (1972: 116) the paratypes were not listed in detail, although it was mentioned that they came from "Indonesia ("Sibo- ga", and coll. Mortensen), China Sea (F.R.S. Hong Kong), and Japan (coll. K. Sakai)". Thus, it is unclear which were to be considered paratypes. Of the specimens used and labeled by de Saint Laurent, only those listed above under "presumed paratypes" have been located and examined. Kensley (1973), in his description of Parapagurus kilburni, contrasted his species with Parapagurus gra- cilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) (= Strobopagurus gracilipes), and Parapagurus macrocerus Forest, 1955 (= Paragiopagurus macrocerus). Kensley justi- fied his new species on the basis of differences in the antennal acicles, cheliped armature, and telson. It appears that Kensley was unaware of de Saint Lau- rent's (1972) description of Parapagurus sibogae (= Strobopagurus sibogae) as he did not mention her taxon or 1972 publication. A comparison of Kensley's (1973) description and type material of Parapagurus kilburni with Strobopagurus sibogae, has shown that the two are indistinguishable morphologically, and therefore the former must be considered a junior syn- onym of the latter. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this study was possible, in part, by a one-month research grant from the MNHN. The cruises TAIWAN 2000-2003, were supported in Tai- wan (R.O.C.) by Taiwan Fisheries Research Insti- tute, National Science Council; National Museum of Marine Science & Technology, Keelung; and National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung; and in France by MNHN, and Institut de Recherche pour le D^veloppement. Much thanks are due to Bertrand Richer de Forges, Philippe Bouchet, and other colleagues working on board and in land- based laboratories in Noumea and Paris, and Tin- Yam Chan in Keelung, Taiwan, for their continuing leadership in making these campaigns a success. As usual, Alain Crosnier has nurtured my parapagurid studies in many ways. His advice, generous hospi- tality, and sense of humor during working visits to his Paris museum laboratory, have been instrumen- tal and are gratefully acknowledged. At the Paris museum, I am grateful also to Dani^le Guinot and Nguyen Ngoc-ho, for placing type and comparative specimens at my disposal, and processing speci- mens; and Regis Cleva, for assisting in collections- related tasks. Thanks are extended to other col- leagues and curators who have provided specimens, arranged loans, or provided information; these include: Tin-Yam Chan, NTOU; Dirk Platvoet, ZMA; Joseph Poupin, Institut de Recherche de I'E- cole Navale, Brest Naval, France; Michelle van der Merwe, SAM; Beatrice Burch, BPBM; and Torben Wolff, ZMK. The color photographs were kindly provided by T.-Y. Chan, and J. Poupin. Patsy A. McLaughlin, Shannon Point Marine Center, West- em Washington University, and anonymous review- 370 R. LEMAITRE ers, provided useful criticism to the manuscript. Sarah Trunneil, American University, enthusiasti- cally assisted in producing the SEM micrograph (Fig. 6). Rose A. 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