Cumaceans of the American Atlantic Boreal Coast Region (Crustacea: Peracarida) CARL ZIMMER Edited by Thomas E. Bowman and Les Watling SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 302 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoo/ogy Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y ? N U M B E R 3 0 2 Cumaceans of the American Atlantic Boreal Coast Region (Crustacea: Peracarida) Carl ?immer Edited by Thomas E. Bowman and Les Watling SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 A B S T R A C T Zimmer, Carl (edited by Thomas E. Bowman and Les Watling). Cumaceans of the American Atlantic Boreal Coast Region (Crustacea: Peracarida). Smith- sonian Contributions to Zoology, number 302, 29 pages, 78 figures, 1980.?Dis- tributional records are given for 49 species (1 with 2 subspecies) of Cumacea, contained in 17 genera and 6 families, along the Atlantic coast of North America from the Strait of Belle Isle to northern Florida (30?N). The 6 species briefly diagnosed but not illustrated by Zimmer in 1943 are illustrated and described in detail. Seven other species are illustrated and described in more or less detail. OFFICAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Zimmer, Carl Wilhelm Erich, 1873-1950 Cumaceans of the American Atlantic boreal coast region (Crustacea, Peracarida) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 302) Bibliography: p. 1. Cumacea?Geographical distribution. 2. Cumacea?Classification. 3. Crustacea?Geographical distribution. 4. Crustacea?Classification. 5. Crustacea?Atlantic coast (North America) ? Geographical distribution. 6. Crustacea?Atlantic coast (North America) ?Classification. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 302. QL1.S54 no. 302 [QL444.M328] 591'.08s [595'.381'091634] 79-12589 Contents Page Foreword v Introduction 1 Family BODOTRIIDAE 2 1. Pseudoleptocuma minor (Caiman) 2 Mancocuma Zimmer 2 2. Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer 2 3. Mancocuma altera Zimmer 4 4. Cyclaspis longicaudata G. O. Sars 8 5. Cyclaspis varians Caiman 8 6. Cyclaspis pustulata Zimmer 8 Family LEUCONIDAE 9 7. Leucon nasica (Kr0yer) 9 8. Leucon nasicoides Lilljeborg 9 9. Leucon nathorsti Ohlin 9 10. Leucon acutirostris G. O. Sars 10 11. Leucon americanus Zimmer 10 12. Leucon longirostris G. O. Sars 11 13. Eudorella emarginata (Kr0yer) 11 14. Eudorella pusilla G. O. Sars 11 15. Eudorella hispida G. O. Sars 13 16. Eudorella abyssi G. O. Sars 13 17. Eudorella difficilis Blake 13 18. Eudorellopsis deformis (Kr0yer) 13 19. Eudorellopsis biplicata Caiman 14 20. Eudorellopsis integra (Smith) 14 Family NANNASTACIDAE 14 21. Cumella carinata (Hansen) 14 22. Cumella micruropus Zimmer 14 23. Cumella sp 15 24. Campylaspis rubicunda (Lilljeborg) 15 25. }Campylaspis horrida G. O. Sars 15 26. Campylaspis sp 15 27. }Campylaspis vitrea Caiman 15 28. Platycuma marginalis Zimmer 16 Family LAMPROPIDAE 18 29. Lamprops fuscata G. O. Sars 18 30. Lamprops quadriplicata Smith 18 31. Platytyphlops orbicularis (Caiman) 18 Family PSEUDOCUMIDAE 19 32. Petalosarsia declivis (G. O. Sars) 19 Family DIASTYLIDAE 19 33. Diastylis rathkei sarsi Norman 19 34. Diastylis glabra nearctica (Zimmer) 19 iii IV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Page 35. Diastylis glabra labradorensis Zimmer 19 36. Diastylis oxyrhyncha Zimmer 19 37. Diastylis lucifera (Kr0yer) 19 38. Diastylis goodsiri (Bell) 20 39. Diastylis stygia G. O. Sars 20 40. Diastylis edwardsii (Kr0yer) 20 41. Diastylis sculpta G. O. Sars 20 42. Diastylis polita Smith 21 43. Diastylis quadrispinosa G. O. Sars 21 44. Diastylis abbreviata G. O. Sars 22 45. Diastylis cornuifer (Blake) 23 46. Makrokylindrus sp 24 47. Brachydiastylis resima (Kr0yer) 24 48. Leptostylis longimana (G. O. Sars) 24 49. Leptostylis ampullacea (Lilljeborg) 24 50. Oxyurostylis smithi Caiman 26 Literature Cited 28 Foreword Although cumaceans are often important con- stituents of bottom communities, American zoolo- gists have given them little attention. In the early 1930s, being aware of this neglect, the late Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, then curator of the Division of Marine Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution, per- suaded Carl Zimmer, director of the Zoological Museum, University of Berlin (now Humboldt University) to undertake the study of the Division's collection of unidentified Cumacea. The specimens were sent to Berlin, and Zimmer's study of them resulted in his authorship of three papers on Amer- ican Pacific and tropical Atlantic cumaceans: 1936. California Crustacea of the Order Cumacea. Proceed- ings of the United States National Museum, 83(2992): 423-439. 1943. Cumaceen des Stillen Ozeans. Archiv fur Naturges- chichte, 12:130-174. 1944. Cumaceen des tropischen Westatlantiks. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 144:148-167. The North American boreal Atlantic Cumacea remained largely unstudied, and in 1936 and 1938 Dr. Schmitt sent large collections from this region to Professor Zimmer. In late 1938 a manuscript with unmounted illustrations on this material, to- gether with about half the borrowed specimens, was received from Zimmer. The manuscript, in German, had been typed personally by Zimmer, who explained that his emeritus status did not en- title him to the services of a typist. Dr. Schmitt ar- ranged to have the manuscript translated into English by Coates W. Shoemaker, who had also translated Zimmer's 1936 paper on California Cu- macea, but by the time the translation was com- pleted, World War II was under way, and it was necessary to postpone publication of the manu- script until it was again possible to communicate with Zimmer. Evidently believing that his manuscript would not be published in Washington, Zimmer extracted from it and published the accounts of the one genus and six species that were described as new: 1943. Ober neue und weniger bekannte Cumaceen. Zoolc- gischer Anzeiger, 141(7-8): 148-167. In this paper only a single illustration was given, no types were designated, and the extensive locality records in the 1938 manuscript were not included. The 1943 publication, however, made the need to publish the longer manuscript less press- ing, and after Zimmer's death in November 1950 no further action was taken. In 1975, when I was beginning to study cuma- ceans of the northeastern United States, Zimmer's unpublished manuscript was brought to my atten- tion by Dr. Thomas E. Bowman, and we agreed that publication of this unabbreviated and illus- trated version in English was highly desirable. I undertook the editing of the text and arranged for it to be typed, while Dr. Bowman arranged to have Zimmer's drawings refurbished and assembled by Ms. Maura McManus (Smithsonian Institution). The following new genus and species, described by Zimmer in his 1943 paper, are included in the present manuscript: Mancocuma, including the species M. stellifera and M. altera, Cyclaspis pustu- lata, Leucon americanus, Cumella micruropus, and Platycuma marginalis. Of these, specimens were re- turned to Washington only for Mancocuma altera, Cyclaspis pustulata, and Leucon americanus; no specimens are now available of M. stellifera, C. micruropus, or P. marginalis. An obituary of Carl Zimmer, by Prof. B. Rensch, was published in 1952 (Zoologischer Anzeiger, sup- plement, 16:454-456). I.F.S WATLING Cumaceans of the American Atlantic Boreal Coast Region (Crustacea: Peracarida) Carl Zimmer Edited by Thomas E. Bowman and Les Watling Introduction In the large collection of cumaceans that the United States National Museum [now the National Museum of Natural History] entrusted to me for examination and report, there were a great num- ber of specimens from the Atlantic boreal coast of America. In this report I take the opportunity to bring together here all that is known of the cuma- cean fauna in this region. In delimiting the region dealt with, I take as the northern boundary the latitude of the outlet of the Strait of Belle Isle (approximately 52.5? N) and as the southern boundary 30? N off northern Florida. These limits are chosen arbitrarily and in no way bear any relation to the natural hydro- graphic climatic or faunal boundaries. In addition to the descriptions of the species, I wish to make the following remarks regarding the terminology of the developmental stages of cuma- ceans: In earlier cumacean literature, females with a fully developed marsupium and males with fully developed and setose antennae, as well as with all pereopod exopodites and pleopods, were desig- nated as "adult." In 1926 I pointed out that the stage of development that precedes the above Carl Zimmer (deceased 1950), Zoological Museum, University of Berlin. Thomas E. Bowman, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Les Watling, Depart- ment of Oceanography, Ira C. Darling Center, University of Maine at Orono, Walpole, Maine 04573. stage often is called "subadult" but that, for various reasons, it also merits the term "adult." I sug- gested that, the females, after hatching of the young, and the males, after copulation, perhaps again assumed more or less the "dress" preceding the "Brutkleid" (broodclothing) and the "Hoch- zeitskleid" (nuptial dress). B. Forsman (1938a,b) changed my terminology because the females in "Brutkleid" and the males in "Hochzeitskleid" must be termed "adult." The stage I had simply called "adult," he designated "Bereitungstadium" (preparatory stage), a term he later changed to "Vorbereitungstadium" (prepreparatory stage). I adopt Forsman's terminology in this report. [In the remainder of this paper, "Vorbereitung- stadium" will be translated as "subadult," and Zimmer's reference to females in "Brutkleid" and males in "Hochzeitskleid" will be translated as adult.?LW] In the following species accounts I include refer- ences to the original descriptions and to other papers with more precise descriptions or additions to the original descriptions. In addition to refer- ences in the monographs, I refer to Stebbing's (1913) work on cumaceans in Das Tierreich for de- scriptions and synonyms. [Only a part of the material examined by Zim- mer was returned. That material now in the USNM collection of the National Museum of Na- tural History will be indicated by an aster- isk.?LW] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Family BODOTRIIDAE 1. Pseudoleptocuma minor (Caiman) Leptocuma minor Caiman, 1912:616-619, figs. 14-20. Pseudoleptocuma minor.?Watling, 1977:594 MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Gloucester Harbor, Mass., 8.5 fm, 1 Aug 1878. Steamer Speedwell Sta 141, numerous females and males. 36?46'N, 75?38'W, 18 m, 20 Jan 1914, Steamer Bache Sta 10157, 4 females (1 adult) and 2 males (1 adult). Chesapeake Bay, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 8829, 24 m, 9 Jul 1920, 30.39%o, various young. Chesapeake Bay, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 8835*. 20 m, 21 Aug 1920, 33.58%o, 1 female, 4 male adults. Chesapeake Bay, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 8931 *, 16 m, 22 Jan 1921, 1 female adult and 1 male adult. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Gloucester Harbor, 8 and 8.5 fm, and vicinity of Woods Hole (Caiman, 1912). Woods Hole region {Fish, 1925). Not previously known from other regions. Mancocuma Zimmer DIAGNOSIS.?Five free thoracic somites. Exopodites well developed on maxillipeds 1?3 and pereopods 1?3 of female; exopodite rudimentary on female pereopod 4. Male pereopod 4 with well-developed exopodite. Male with 2 pairs of very small pleopods. TYPE-SPECIES.?Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer. Gender feminine. 2. Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer FIGURES 1-19 Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer, 1943:154-156. DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.?Length 4 mm. Body with pigment spots, mostly stellate but many punctate, especially dense on anterior part of cara- pace; also dense on free thorax, sparsely scattered on abdomen. Thorax about 214 times as long as its greatest width, considerably longer than abdomen, almost as long as abdomen and uropod combined (Figure 1). Viewed from above (Figure 2), it tapers evenly anteriorly and posteriorly, and is widest at about its midlength. Carapace almost as long as free thorax. Pseudo- rostrum short; viewed from above it rounds off bluntly; viewed laterally upper and anterior mar- gins meet at right angle. Subrostral notch only faintly indicated. Under ocellar lobe is pigment, but no evidence of lenses. First free thoracic tergite short, covered on sides by more extended adjoining tergite. Second free tergite long in median line; third still longer. Fourth about as long as second; fifth short. Lateral margins of tergites shaped some- what epimere-like and cover attachment sites of pereopods. Abdomen comparatively short and wide. Antennula (Figure 3) relatively short; 3 articles of peduncle subequal in length. Primary flagellum biarticulate, with 2 esthetascs at apex of second article. Accessory flagellum uniarticulate, extending somewhat beyond middle of first article of primary flagellum. Antenna (Figure 4) better developed than usual within the Bodotriidae. Peduncle with 5 articles; terminal article relatively long. Maxillula with 2 about equally long setae on palp. Gill part of first maxilliped (Figure 5) with 5 gill elements on margin; the first quite long, fol- lowing ones decreasing in length. Behind them is a small button-shaped element. There is also an accessory element of considerable length and strength pointing backward. Second maxillipeds (Figure 6) with rather short but distinct ischium. Inner margins of the pair are inserted in juxtaposition and run parallel toward a curve of basal inner margin. Third maxillipeds (Figure 7) with basis about half as long again as distal part of limb; distal end produced somewhat outward and somewhat in- ward over insertion of ischium. First pereopod (Figure 8) with propodus project- ing slightly beyond tip of pseudorostrum. Basis somewhat longer than distal articles combined; projecting at distal end and surrounding ischium in collar-like fashion. On underside (side turned away from trunk) this collar reaches end of ischium and ends gradually. Upper side of collar serrate. Inner margin of ischium produced into obliquely blunt lamella extending over upper side of merus. Carpus longest of terminal segments and dactylus shortest; carpus markedly broadened; terminal margin obliquely rounded, extending inward con- siderably over insertion of propodus. Surface of carpus with a few inward and somewhat backward pointing pinnulate setae. Inner margin of propodus with row of stronger setae that increase in length distally and continue on the terminal margin, ex- tending dorsally and reaching far beyond dactylus. NUMBER S02 FIGURES 1-19.?Mancocuma stellifera, female: 1, lateral view; 2, anterior end of body from above; 3, antennula; 4, antenna; 5, gillplate; 6, second maxilliped; 7, third maxilliped; 8, first pereopod; 9, second pereopod; 10, fourth pereopod; 11, last abdominal segment and uropod. Male in breeding stage: 12, lateral view omitting thoracic extremities; 13, antennula; 14, antenna; 15, 2 joints from proximal part of antenna flagellum; 16, joint from distal part of the antenna flagellum; 17, first pleopod; 18, protuberances of first pleopods; 19, uropod. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Dactylus with a few setae on inner margin and a few terminal setae. Second pereopod (Figure 9) relatively short and thick. Basis about as long as distal segments com- bined. Ischium outer margin longer than fairly short inner margin. Carpus longer than either propodus or dactylus; latter subequal. Pereopods 3-5 short, thick, with short terminal claws. Pereopods 1-3 with unusually broad, strong exopodites. Fourth pereopod (Figure 10) with biarticulate exopodite with long basipodite and very short ter- minal joint. Uropod peduncle (Figure 11) longer than fifth abdominal segment, but not as long as fifth and sixth abdominal segments combined; inner margin with a few spines. Endopodite about as long as peduncle and longer than exopodite; proximal article about 2y2 times as long as terminal article, inner margin with 8 spines; terminal article with 2 spines on inner margin and a terminal spine. Spines on inner margin of peduncle and endopo- dite with extraordinarily fine bilaterally plumose setae (not included in the drawing). A female dissected had 12 embryos in the marsu- pium. DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE.?Length 3-3.5 mm, thus somewhat smaller than female. Carapace broader and somewhat flattened (Figure 12). Sub- rostral notch present in form of flat, but relatively wide, backward pointing protrusion of carapace margin. Antennula (Figure 13) larger and stronger than in female. Primary flagellum 3-jointed. Lateral mar- gin of basipodite bears 2 juxtaposed esthetascs, and each terminal joint has, as usual, 1 at apex. Antenna (Figure 14) with short flagellum, which when laid backward does not reach end of thorax. I could not come to a clear decision about the articulation of the peduncle on the dissected speci- men and did not want to subject another specimen to dissection. I therefore submit the drawing (Fig- ure 14) with reservations. While the terminal joint of the antennal peduncle usually carries a dense covering of fine, long bristles, the setae here are sparse. The joint carries on its terminal margin, however, a row of strong setae. Anterior margin of terminal joint somewhat concave with row of low, wide denticles. Proximal part of flagellum formed somewhat different than distal part. Comparatively long basipodite followed by about 12 articles firmly articulated to one another. Each (Figure 15) article carries on anterior margin terminal spine and in middle of joint 2 juxtaposed digitate appendages with finely granulated surfaces. Distal part of flagellum formed by about 16 articles that are less rigidly articulated and more slender; digitate ap- pendages (Figure 16) resemble very slender clubs. The antenna is quite evidently a clasping organ used during copulation. The extensive dilation of the subrostral notch, which allows a far-reaching free movement of the limb, is probably connected with this function. First 4 pereopods with well-developed exopodites, as usual stronger than in females. Pleopods (Figures 17, 18) consist of only 2 very small pairs. Peduncle biarticulate; rami uniarticu- late. Endopodite with angular process on inner margin that extends behind exopodite. Uropods (Figure 19) slender, more spinose than in female. OCCURRENCE.?Northern bank of Matamec River, Province of Quebec, Canada, summer of 1927, Amory and Bowman, USNM 95922, 11 adult females and 7 adult males. The Metamec River empties into Moisie Bay (about 50i/?? N, 66? W). Unfortunately, I have no information on the salinity at the type-locality. 3. Mancocuma altera Zimmer FIGURES 20-27 Mancocuma altera Zimmer, 1943:156-159, fig. 1. DESCRIPTION.?The description is given mainly in the form of a comparison with M. stellifera. Smaller, more slender. Length of adult females 2.5- 2.75 mm; that of males in the breeding stage 2-2.75 mm. Integument punctate. Thorax (Figure 20) about as long as abdomen and uropod peduncle combined, thus somewhat shorter than that of M. stellifera. Difference between cara- pace and free thorax is greater, since carapace is not as long as first 4 free thoracic segments combined. Antennula (Figure 21, 25) more compressed in both sexes. Antenna (Figure 26) of adult male differs con- siderably from that of M. stellifera. Last peduncle article with thick border of rows of sensory setae on outer margin; each seta has a somewhat stronger, NUMBER 302 FIGURES 20-27.?Mancocuma alt era, female: 20, lateral view omitting extremities; 21, antennula; 22, terminal part of first pereopod; 23, terminal part of second pereopod; 24, uropod. Male in breeding stage: 25, antennula; 26, antenna; 27, terminal abdominal segment and uropod. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY but short, basic part bearing a long transparent tubular terminal filament. Distal end of peduncle also armed with a number of robust setae. Flagel- lum consisting of about 20-21 articles, becoming longer and more slender distally, each with a pair of digitate appendages that become gradually more slender and longer distally. Carpus of first pereopod not much broadened (Figure 22). Second pereopod (Figure 23) with dactylus decidedly longer than either of the 2 pre- ceding articles; of these, propodus somewhat longer than carpus. Abdomen and uropods decidedly more slender than in M. stellifera (Figure 24, 27). Uropod pe- duncle not as long as last 2 abdominal segments combined, but slightly longer than endopodite. Ex- opodite of adult male about as long as endopodite, but somewhat shorter in female. Proximal article of endopodite about 3 times as long as distal article. Inner margin of peduncle in both sexes with 7-8 spines; inner margin of endopodite basal segment with 7 spines in female, 6 in male. Terminal seg- ment of endopodite without marginal spines or with only 1; with 1 larger and 1 smaller terminal spine. The fine plumose setae could not be seen on our dissected specimen even under high magnification. OCCURRENCE.?The material was derived almost entirely from dredgings by the Steamer Fish Hawk in Chesapeake Bay. Sta 8827, 18.3 m, 25.40%,), 9 Jul 1920, 1 adult female, 4 adult males. Sta 8895*. 16.47 m, 29.31%o, 21 Oct 1920, 1 adult female, Sta 8901', 16.1 m, 27.78%o, 4 Dec 1920, 1 adult female {type), 1 adult male. Sta 8931 ?, 15.99 m, 22 Jan 1921, 1 adult male (type). Sta 8934\ 12.81 m, 24.53%o. 23 Jan 1921, 1 female. Also one specimen from Fort Macon Canal, Beaufort, North Carolina (shallow, 6 Jun 1930). RELATIONSHIPS OF Mancocuma.?The main char- acteristic is the reduction of the pleopods to 2 pairs. The family classification of the cumaceans is based primarily on the number and development of pleopods and pereopodal exopodites. Two pleopods are characteristic of the Leuconidae, Diastylidae, and Pseudocumidae. The first 2 of these families differ from the Pseudocumidae as well as from the Bodotriidae in having a free telson. With the dis- covery of Mancocuma, the Leuconidae and Bodo- triidae cannot now always be distinguished by the number of pleopods. With respect to the numbers of exopodites, in the Leuconidae only the last 2 pairs of pereopods in the female and only the last pair of pereopods in the male lack exopodites. We find this also to be the case with Vaunthompsonia of the Bodotriidae. Therefore, these 2 families cannot be differentiated by means of the pleopods and pereo- podal exopodites. It cannot be said, however, that the distinction between the 2 families is obliterated. Mancocuma remains a genuine bodotriid despite its two pairs of pleopods, and Vaunthompsonia likewise despite the number of exopodites. Reliable differentiating characters between the 2 families are found pri- marily in the characteristic development of the Leuconidae mandible and in the structure of the pleopods. In the Bodotriidae the endopodite of the pleopod carries on its inner margin behind the exopodite a finger-shaped or angular process that is altogether lacking in the Leuconidae. Besides this, there are also differences in habitus that are difficult to express in words. The first pereopods of Mancocuma are similar to those of Gephyrocuma Hale. In the latter genus, I include besides the type-species, G. pala Hale 1936, G. australiae, which I described in 1921 and placed with a "}" in the genus Vaunthompsonia. The first pereopod of all 3 species has a lamellate distal pro- cess on the basis, a process on the inner margin of the ischium, a broadening of the carpus, and a dense border of setae on the dorsal terminal margin of the propodus. The structure of the third maxillipeds is also very characteristic for Gephyrocuma. It is usually the rule among the cumaceans that when a narrowed tip of the maxillipeds is attached to a widened basal end, the basal end extends outward over the ischium. The case in Gephyrocuma is quite the op- posite. In Mancocuma the basal end projects out- ward and is here even somewhat more extended. There is also a small process pointing inward, but it is not longer than usual among cumaceans. Noteworthy is the relatively well-developed female antenna of Mancocuma. It is 5-articled in contrast to the 1- or 2-articulate antennae usually found in this family. Only in Leptocuma, Pseudoleptocuma, and Vaunthompsonia do we find a 3-articled an- tenna (the female antenna of Gephyrocuma is so far unknown). A shortening of the male antennal flagella, but not their development as grasping organs, occurs in this family among species of Iphinoe and Vaun- NUMBER S02 thompsonia. [But we find them developed to this perfection in isolated cases among Lamprops fuscata (G. O. Sars)]. The development of the exopodites varies much within this family as the following chart shows. In both sexes the third maxilliped and the first pere- opod generally have an exopodite and usually, as throughout the order, the last pereopod lacks the exopodite. The condition of the exopodite in the second to fourth pereopods (P2-P4) is indicated on the chart. (Pluses indicate that a well-developed exopodite is present; r, that the exopodite is rudi- mentary; 0, no exopodite). females males Leptocuma, Mancocuma, Pseudoleptocuma Vaunthompsonia Gaussicuma Gephy rocu tn a Sympodomma Pirocuma Heterocuma, Cumopsis Remaining six genera P2 + + + r r PS + + + r r P4 r 0 0 r 0 unknown r 0 r 0 0 0 P2 PS P4 + + + + + + unknown + + r + + 0 + + 0 r r 0 0 0 0 This shows that Mancocuma and Leptocuma have equally developed exopodites. These 2 genera also are the only ones in the family that have less than 5 pleopods. Gephyrocuma differs from the above 2 genera in that the female P3 has only 1 rudimen- tary exopodite, which, however, is better developed than rudimentary exopodites in general. In both known species of Gephyrocuma, P4 of the male is equipped with a rudimentary exopodite, and while the exopodite of P3 is well developed in one of the species, it is rudimentary in the other. It must, to be sure, be pointed out that in neither species is the male-breeding stage known in which full de- velopment of the exopodite is present. We can, however, draw the conclusion that the condition of the male in the breeding stage is correctly indi- cated on the chart by the young male and the subadult male. If we sum up these facts, it follows that Man- cocuma is related to Leptocuma and to Gephyro- cuma and that these 3 genera form a subgroup within the family [This subgroup has been de- scribed as the subfamily Mancocuminae by Wat- ling (1977).] 4. Cyclaspis longicaudata G. O. Sars Cyclaspis longicaudata G. O. Sars, 1865:207, 208; 1900:16, 17, pis. 7, 8. REMARKS.?This species was not represented among the submitted material. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE RECION.?39?54'OO"N, 67?05'30"W, 1813 fm; 39?05'30"N, 70?44'30"W, 1525 fm; 38?59'00"N, 7O?O7'OO"W, 1554 fm; 38?22'00"N, 70?17'30"W, 1825 fm (Caiman, 1912). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Norwegian coast northward to Lofoten Islands; northern section of the North Sea, west of Ireland; Gulf of Biscay, Spanish-Portuguese coasts; Mediterranean off Capri and Sardinia; Azores; North Atlantic (56?11'N, 37?41'W); south of Iceland, great depth. 5. Cyclaspis varians Caiman Cyclaspis varians Caiman, 1912:610-612, figs. 1-5. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Woods Hole, Mass., 21 Aug 1881, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1 female, 8 males, most in breeding stage; 5 Sept 1881, U.S. Fish. Comm., 3 females, 2 males; 2 Oct 1882, 8 PM, surface, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1 female. Chesapeake Bay, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 8856#, 7.32 m, 25 Aug 1920, 13.63%o. 1 female; Sta 8858, 7.32 m, 25 Aug 1920, 12.64%o, 1 specimen; Sta 8925*. 10.06 m, 9 Dec 1920, 1 male; Sta 8961*. 18 m, 28 Mar 1921, 12.99%o. 1 male; Sta 8964#, 14 m, 28 Mar 1921. 11.36%6 1 female. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.-?Vineyard Sound, sur- face; Woods Hole, surface (Caiman, 1912). Woods Hole region {Fish, 1925). Not recorded from other regions. 6. Cyclaspis pustulata Zimmer FIGURES 28-31 Cyclaspis pustulata Zimmer, 1943:157-159. DESCRIPTION OF SUBADULT MALES.?Length slightly over 2 mm. Thorax and abdomen about equal in length. Carapace as long as the free thorax and the first 2 abdominal segments com- bined. Subrostral notch very well developed. Sub- rostral angle tooth-shaped, somewhat obtuse at tip. Pseudorostral lobes confluent for short distance in front of ocellar lobes. Ocellar lobe with dark pig- mentation, but no trace of lenses perceptible. Pseu- dorostral lobe with fine longitudinal fold, begin- ning above subrostral notch, extending posteriorly in a curved fold and turning backward toward median line, without reaching it, however. Behind and outside of fold in posterior part of carapace are 6 very fine longitudinal lines, sometimes not SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURES 28-48.?Cyclaspis pustulata, subadult male: 28, lateral view omitting extremities; 29, anterior part of body from above; 30, first pereopod; 31, last abdominal segment and uropod. Leucon nathorsti, male in breeding stage: 32, anterior part of body, lateral view; 33, terminal part of first pereopod; 34, terminal part of second pereopod; 35, terminal part of third pereo- pod; 36, uropod. L. americanus, subadult female: 37, lateral view; 38, anterior part of body from above; 39, pseudorostral lobe from the side; 40, antennula; 41, first pereopod; 42, second pereopod; 43, final abdominal segment and uropod. Male in breeding stage: 44, lateral view of thoracic part omitting extremities; 45, pseudorostral lobe from the side; 46, anten- nula; 47, terminal part of third pereopod; 48, uropod. NUMBER 302 at all visible. Carapace indented on all sides in front of curved fold; fold forms boundary for in- dentation in anterior, but not in posterior part. Across carapace runs a median ridge that is only slightly developed on ocellar lobe and frontal lobe, and even less so in middle section, but which, however, increases in acuteness toward carapace margin. It has a considerable height at posterior end of carapace. First free thoracic segment completely absent; only 4 segments visible. First segment with very distinct median ridge, second segment with only slightly developed ridge. Last 3 thoracic segments with lateral ridges; especially well developed on last 2 segments. Fifth abdominal segment markedly longer than last. First 5 abdominal segments with distinct median crest. Articulations usually found between abdominal segments in species of this genus are not perceptible. First pereopod (Figure 30) with a tooth at the distal end of ischium; last 3 articles successively decrease in length. Last abdominal segment considerably overlap- ping dorsally insertion of uropod (Figure 31). Uro- pod peduncle about as long as last abdominal seg- ment; rami shorter, only about as long as part of peduncle beyond abdominal end; exopod some- what longer than endopod. Each ramus armed apically with 1 strong and 1 or 2 more slender and shorter spines. Uropods otherwise unarmed. Entire body surface covered with numerous round to oval pustules, slightly lighter in color, more opaque than the brownish body. Pustules form distinct longitudinal rows on carapace and rows between fine longitudinal lines on posterior part of carapace. In addition to 2 adult males, there were 3 young females that did not vary from the adult males except in the sex characters. LOCALITY.?Chesapeake Bay, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 8827*. 18.3 m, 9 Jul 1920, 25.40%o- REMARKS.?The deep indentation on each side of the carapace is very characteristic. There is a similar indentation in Cyclaspis glacialis Hansen, which, however, lacks the curved ridge and the longitudinal lines on the carapace. The latter lines occur on Cyclaspis costata Caiman but are here longer and much more numerous. Family LEUCONIDAE 7. Leucon nasica (Kr0yer) Cuma nasica Kr0yer, 1841:524-527, pl. 6: figs. 31-33. Leucon nasicus.?G. O. San, 1900:30, SI, pis. 21, 22. REMARKS.?This species was not represented in the material at hand. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Off Cap d'Espoir, Que- bec, Canada, 70 fms (Whiteaves, 1874). Outside northern entrance to Baie des Chaleurs (Whiteaves, 1874). Between Cap d'Espoir and S side of lie Bonaventure, 70 fms (White- aves, 1901). 49?41'N, 52?9'W, 335 fms, green mud (Zimmer, 1926). OTHER LOCALITIES.?European coasts from the Baltic Sea to the Kara Sea, Spitzberg?n, Iceland, eastern and western Greenland, Labrador, southern coast of Alaska; shallow water to 350 fms. 8. Leucon nasicoides Lilljeborg Leucon nasicoides Lilljeborg, 1855:122, 123.?G. O. Sars, 1900:31, 32, pl. 23. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?45?29'00"N, 55?24'00"W (S of New- foundland) 67 fms, 3 Jul 18F5 (Albatross Sta 2466). 12, female: and males. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Same locality as above (Caiman, 1912). Eastport, Maine; Bay of Fundy; Gulf of St. Lawrence (Smith, 1879); Gulf of St. Lawrence (White- aves, 1901). Mount Desert region, Maine, blue day, 37 fms (Proctor, 1933). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Baltic Sea, Skagerrak, Norwegian coasts, Novaya Zemlya, Spitzbergen, Iceland, eastern and western Greenland, Kamchatka; shallow water to 125 fms. 9. Leucon nathorsti Ohlin FIGURES 32-36 Leucon nathorsti Ohlin, 1901:41-43, fig. 9.?Hansen, 1920: 14, 15, pl. 1: fig. 5. REMARKS.?The male in the breeding stage has not heretofore been described. DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE.?Length about 5.5 mm. The anterior part of body (Figure 32) resembles very much that of L. nasicoides described by Sars (1900) in that pseudorostrum is short and, when viewed laterally, bluntly truncated. Trunca- tion wtih 2 denticles at base; smooth subrostral notch also with 2 denticles. Frontal lobe with 2 median denticles in series on anterior part and a denticle on each side close to lateral margin. [Sars does not mention this denticle, but Stappers (1911) does.] 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Third pereopod (Figure 35) with only a single modified seta at end of ischium (other known males have 2 or 3). This seta very long and strong, slightly arched, exceeding somewhat terminal spine of dactylus; fine median line runs along entire length of its surface. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?45?29'N, 55?24'W, 67 fm (S of Newfoundland), 3 Jul 1885, (Albatross Sta 2466), 8 females and males (1 adult male). 39?54'30"N, 7O?2O'OO"W, 390 fm, 8 Aug 1885 (Albatross Sta 2547), 1 male. The species had not previously been found in the region examined. OTHER LOCALITIES.?Novaya Zemlya, Spitzbeigen, Jan Mayen, Iceland, eastern Greenland, Davis Straits. Shallow water to 530 fins. 10. Leucon acutirostris G. O. Sars Leucon acutirostris G. O. Sars, 1865:181, 182; 1900:34, 35, pi. 26. REMARKS.?This species was not represented in the material examined. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?51?20'N, 52?25'W (E of northern tip of Newfoundland), 424 m, mud (Zimmer, 1926). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Kattegat, Skagerrak, Norwegian coast, Novaya Zemlya, Davis Straits. Shallow water to 582 fms. 11. Leucon americanus Zimmer FIGURES 37-48 Leucon americanus Zimmer, 1943:159-160. DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.?Length of larg- est specimen about 5 mm. Thorax (Figure 37) somewhat longer than ab- domen including its last segment. Carapace about as long as first 4 abdominal segments combined, sharply pointed in dorsal view (Figure 38). Pseudo- rostrum relatively long, almost y3 length of cara- pace from anterior margin of frontal lobe to pos- terior margin. Viewed laterally, it runs almost horizontally. A denticled median dorsal ridge ex- tends to about middle of carapace and often even somewhat beyond it. Anterior lobe without denti- cles. Margin of the pseudorostral lobe (Figure 39) finely denticled. Above subrostral angle, which is only slightly extended and not pointed, is a row of small denticles rapidly becoming indistinct to- ward posterior part. At posterior margin of last abdominal segment, somewhat on the dorsal side (Figure 43), are 2 spines. Last article of antennula peduncle (Figure 40) longer than penultimate. Accessory flagellum very short and not reaching much less than midlength of first article of biarticulate main flagellum. An- tennula reaches only slightly beyond tip of pseu- dorostrum. First pereopod (Figure 41) long. Basis about as long as distal articles combined, excluding dac- tylus. Carpus is longest of 3 distal articles and propodus is shortest. Second pereopod (Figure 42) basis somewhat shorter than distal part. Carpus as long as pro- podus and dactylus combined; propodus somewhat shorter than dactylus. Uropods (Figure 43) compact. Peduncle about as long as last 2 abdominal segments combined. Endopod about as long as peduncle; distal segment slightly more than % length of proximal joint. Exopod distinctly longer than endopod. Inner margin of peduncle with a few fine spines, dorsal side with a row of long spines; inner margin of first and second joints of endopod with 6 and 2 spines, respectively. DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE.?Length about 5.5 mm. Pseudorostrum (Figure 44) somewhat shorter and more truncate than in female, but quite long for a male of this genus. Dorsal median row of denticles on carapace completely lacking. Anterior margin of pseudorostrum (Figure 45) slightly den- ticled above subrostral notch. Subrostral notch broadly rounded; subrostral angle and margin of carapace behind it completely lack denticles. Main flagellum of antennula (Figure 46) 4-arti- cled; proximal article with group of esthetascs. Ischium of third pereopod (Figure 47) with 2 long spines close to inner margin, neither particu- larly stout nor modified in form, and without con- spicuous differences from spines on carpus or propodus. Uropod peduncle (Figure 48) about half as long as last 2 abdominal segments combined. Endopod distinctly longer than peduncle; distal segment only slightly shorter than basipodite. Exopod con- siderably longer than endopod. Inner margins of peduncle and endopod with abundant and com- plex armature of fine plumose setae and spines. REMARKS.?The three following characters are shared by L. americanus and L. acutirostris G. O. Sars: endopod of uropod shorter than exopod; median row of denticles not reaching end of the NUMBER 302 11 carapace; accessory flagellum of antennula short. There is also a similarity in habitat with this spe- cies, but the body of L. acutirostris is distinctly smaller (3-3.5 mm) and differs in the relative lengths of the joints of the pereopods and the uropod. Also, the adult male has 3 modified spines on the ischium of the third pereopod. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Woods Hole, Mass., surface, in the evening, 2 May 1888, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1 female, 1 male. Amityville, Long Island, N.Y., 6 Jul 1938. H. K. Towncs, 1 female, 1 male in breeding stage. Moriches Bay, Long Island, N.Y., H. K. Townes, 42 females and males, among them females in "Brutkleid" and males in breeding stage. Steamer Fish Hawk Stations in Chesapeake Bay: Sta 8800*, 12.5 m, 3-4, Jul 1920, 2 males; Sta 8803, 10 m, 4 Jul 1920, 10.08%0, 6 females and males; Sta 8804, 12.5 m, 5 Jul 1920, 16.22%o, 2 pulli; Sta 8812*. 12.81 m, 7 Jul 1920, 17.27%o. 1 female, 4 males; Sta 8826*, 45.75 m, 8 Jul 1920, 25.23%o, 5 females (1 adult), 2 males; Sta 8907*, 14.64 m, 6 Dec 1920, 1 male; Sta 8926#, 12.81 m, 9 Dec 1920, salinity 16.78960, 9 females, 2 males; Sta 8940?, 12.81 m, 24 Jan 1921, 14.72%o, 1 female, 1 male; Sta 8950#, 47.58 m, 26 Jan 1921, 17.70%o, 1 male; Sta 8955*. 12.81 m, 27 Jan 1921. 11.39%O, 1 adult male; Sta 8957, 12.81 m, 27 Jan 1921, 14.25%o, 2 females; Sta 8958*, 20.13 m, 27 Jan 1921, 14.46%,,, 1 male; Sta 8961#, 18 m, 28 Mar 1921, 12.99%,,, 5 females, 4 males; Sta 8962#, 15 m, 28 Mar 1921, 12.41%0, 1 female, 5 males; Sta 8963?, 9 m, 28 Mar 1921, 9.16%o, numerous specimens, among them adult males, but no adult females; Sta 8968#, 7 m, 29 Mar 1921, 11.840^0, 4 males. Potomac River at Tall Timbers, Md., 28 Mar 1928, J. E. Benedict, coll., numerous specimens?female and male. Beaufort, N.C.?, 23 May 1935, from stomach of Penaeus setiferus female, G. Gubsell, coll., 1 male. One mile inside of May River, S.C.*. 17 Jan 1891, Steamer Fish Hawk, 1 female, 1 male. 12. Leucon longirostris G. O. Sars Lexicon longirostris G. O. Sars, 1871a:78-79; 187Ib:42-43, fig. 75.?Caiman, 1906:414-416, pi. 27: figs. 1-8. REMARKS.?This species was not represented in the material examined. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?40?16'50"N, 67?5'15"W, 1290 fms (Caiman, 1912). OTHER RECORDS.?Mediterranean off Capri, Monaco; Bay of Biscay, Portugal; Davis Straits; great depth. 13. Eudorella emarginata (Kr0yer) Leucon emarginatus Kr0yer, 1846:209, pl. 1: fig. 7, pl. 2: fig. 3. Eudorella emarginata.?G. O. Sars, 1900:36, 37, pis. 27, 28. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Off Halifax, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1877, 1 female. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE RECION.?Off Halifax, 52 fms, fine sandy mud; entrance of Gaspe Bay, Gulf of St. Law- rence, 30 fms (Smith, 1879); Twenty miles ESE of Cape Sable, 70 fms; 45?4'00"N, 59?36'45"W (off Nova Scotia), 57 fms; off Cape Cod, 16 fms; off Martha's Vineyard, 36 fms (Caiman, 1912). 49?41'N, 52?9'W (E of Newfoundland), green mud (Zimmer, 1926). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Baltic Sea, Kattegat, entire Norwegian coast, British coasts, Novaya Zemlya, Kara Sea, western Siberian Polar Seas, Spitzbergen, Iceland, E and W Green- land, Davis Straits, Labrador, Vancouver; shallow water to 420 fms. 14. Eudorella pusilla G. O. Sars FIGURES 49-50 Eudorella pusilla G. O. Sars, 1871a:79-80; 1871b:46-49, figs. 76-94. REMARKS.?This is the common Eudorella species of the Atlantic-American coasts. Caiman identified it in 1912 with the European E. truncatula (Spence Bate). I could not agree with Caiman when I ex- amined 2 of his specimens in 1921. My opinion is even more strengthened now that I have had the op- portunity to study a number of American speci- mens. Not only are the relative lengths of the arti- cles of the uropod different, but the structure of the border of the carapace also shows a constant differ- ence. In Eudorella pusilla it has the following struc- ture: anterior submargin of carapace distinctly curved upward toward subrostral angle (Figure 49). Subrostral angle with a stout oblique tooth pointing upward, the first and largest of a row of teeth on the anterior submargin of the carapace. Process at bot- tom of subrostral notch with 2 denticles pointing downward, a larger one and above it a smaller one that almost has appearance of secondary tip to larger. Subrostral notch defined above by 3 denticles pointing upward, middle one larger than other 2. Sars drawing (1871b, fig. 79) presents the propor- tions correctly, but the impression is somewhat ob- scured by his double outline. In a copy without the double outline the appearance is brought out more correctly. The male (Figure 50) presents the following ap- pearance: subrostral angle with a moderately stout tooth pointing somewhat upward. Submargin of carapace and anterior margin above it without any denticulation. Anterior margin forming anteriorly convex curve. There occurred in a female a median denticle on the carapace behind the siphonal opening as de- scribed by Caiman in 1912. 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURES 49-55.?Eudorella pusilla: 49, female, margin of pseudorostral lobe; 50, male in breed- ing stage, margin of pseudorostral lobe. Eudorella hispida: 51, male juvenile, margin of pseudorostral lolie. Cumella micruroptis, female: 52, lateral view omitting extremities; 53, anterior part of body from above; 54, last pereopod; 55, last abdominal segment and uropod. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?44?r00"N, 59?2'30"W (E of Nova Scotia), 140 fms, 23 Aug 1926. Albatross Sta 2703, 2 females. Casco Bay, M:iine, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1873, 2 females (1 adult). Gloucester Harbor, Mass., 85 fms, 1 Aug 1878, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 141, 2 females (1 adult), 1 adult male. Vineyard Sound, Mass., 13 fms, 3 Sep 1880, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 863, 1 female. Vineyard, Mass., 16 fms, 29 Aug 1887, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 1231, 3 females (1 adult), 1 male. Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 39 fms, taken in trawl wings 7 Sep 1881, Steamer Fish Hawk Sta 993, 1 adult male. Block Island Sound, R.I., 30 Aug 1887, 18.5 fms, Steamer Fish Hawk, Sta 1240, numerous specimens, mostly pulli. 40?13'15"N, 69?29'15"W, 46 fms, 28 Sep 1884, Alba- tross Sta 2260, 1 adult female. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Shinnicock Bay, 18 fms, mud (Sars, 1871a,b); Block Island Sound, 17 fms, sand and mud; Massachusetts Bay, off Gloucester, 25 fms, sand and gravel; Casco Bay, 3-17 fms, mud, 9 fms, sand and mud; NUMBER 302 13 Bay of Fundy, 1-4 fms, very soft mud, 5-10 fms, mud; Gulf of St. Lawrence (Smith, 1879). Gulf of St. Lawrence (Whiteaves, 1901); Massachusetts Bay, 26-54 fms; off Ply- mouth, 16 fms; off Martha's Vineyard, 30 fms; Vineyard Sound, 16 fms; off Block Island, 19.5 fms; Block Island Sound, 18.5 fms (Caiman, 1912). Not recorded from other regions. 15. Eudorella hispida G. O. Sars FIGIIRK 51 Eudorella hispida G. O. Sars, 1871a:8O-81; 1971b:49~50, ligs. 95-97. REMARKS.?I include in this species, but not with- out some hesitation, a young male of about 5 mm in length. On the whole it agrees well with Sars' de- scription and illustrations. A not unimportant differ- ence lies in the fact that the carpus of the second pereopod, according to Sars, should be almost twice as long as the merus. It is true that it is longer, but not nearly twice as long. The setation on the cara- pace is not as thick as Sars pictures it for his specimen. The anterior margin of the carapace presents the following structure (Figure 51): subrostral tooth rising horizontally forward, quite long. Subrostral notch moderately shallow; process at bottom with 3 denticles, topmost very small, lowest one the largest. Notch defined dorsally by group of 4 denticles, of which topmost one points dorsally and others ven- trally. Most ventral denticle minute, only barely dis- tinguishable as a denticle. Sars' drawing shows the same horizontal position of the subrostral tooth. The fact that Sars shows only 2 denticles on the bottom of the notch and only 3 above it is of little importance, since 2 of the denticles are very small and easily overlooked. Sars does not mention any- thing about the direction of the denticles, but his drawing can easily be interpreted so that the top most tooth points upward, and the 2 following downward. Considerably different, however, is the anterior carapace margin of the species that Hansen in 1920 referred to as E. hispida: the subrostral tooth and the group of teeth at the bottom of the notch agree well with my specimen. But the upper part of the notch is deeper and above it are, according to Han- sen's illustration, 5 upward pointing teeth (I cannot quite make Hansen's description agree with his illustration). Hansen's specimens were obtained from very great depths (318-582 fms), whereas the species otherwise has been found only in shallow waters (see below). It is therefore possible that Han- sen's specimens belong to a different species or to a distinct geographic race. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?40?4'00"N, 69?29'30"W, 58 fms, 28 Sep 1884, Albatross Sta 2261*. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?39?54'N, 73?15'W, 50-35 fms fms, mud (Sars, 1871a, b). Off Cape Ann, 35 fms. sand, Casco Bay 17 fms, mud (Smith, 1879). Not recorded from other regions. 45. Diastylis cornuifer (Blake) Ekdiastylis cornuifer Blake, 1929:30, 31, fig. 15. Diastylis cornuifer.?Zimmer, 1930:649, 650, fig. 47. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 349 fms, 11 Aug 1882. Fish Hawk Sta 1093, 2 females. Cape Cod Bay, 42?01'N, 70?H'W, 21 fms. 29 Aug 1879, Speedwell Sta 310, 3 adult females. 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Mount Desert region (Blake, 1929). Casco Bay, Maine, mud (Zimmer, 1930). Mount Desert region, 70 fms, mud and shells (Procter, 1933). Not recorded from other regions. 46. Makrokylindrus sp. FIGURE 73 DESCRIPTION OF SUBADULT FEMALE.?The subadult female of a Makrokylindrus definitely represents a new species. The carapace is much damaged, how- ever, and the specimen shows various other imper- fections. Therefore, I would not like to make it the basis for a description of a new species and will con- fine myself to a short characterization. Viewed laterally, thoraic part is very much arched and backward slope of free thoraic segment is abrupt. There is only an indication of a subrostral notch. Denticulation of carapace margin begins from subrostral angle. First denticles long and linear; they become shorter posteriorly and finally disappear al- together. Surface of thoracic part thickly covered with tiny denticles; such denticles also occur in smaller numbers on dorsum of first abdominal seg- ment. The fifth abdominal segment has on its upper posterior lateral angles a stout spine bent backward. Telson (Figure 73) somewhat longer than fifth ab- dominal segment. Postanal part about half as long as preanal; distal end with 2 quite stout terminal spines, lateral margins with 4?5 fine setae. Second article of antennula extends partly over the pseudo- rostrum; 2 distal articles of peduncle slender com- pared with first. Antenna lacking on both sides. Uropod peduncle (Figure 73) extends somewhat be- yond apex of telson but not to ends of terminal spines. Exopodite somewhat longer than endopodite including its terminal spine. First of 3 articles of endopodite somewhat longer than both the others combined. Last article about ys as long as second. Inner margins of 3 endopodite articles with 7, 3, and 1 spines. Distal article of exopod with 2 apical spines, 1 stout, and 1 fairly long and not distinctly articulated with the article. Length about 7 mm. LOCALITY.?38? 15'00"N, 72?O3'OO"W, 1594 fms, 21 Jun 1884, Albatross Sta 2174, 1 subadult female. 47. Brachydiastylis resima (Kr0yer) Cuma resima Kr0yer, 1846:206, 207, pl. 2: fig. 2. Diastylopsis resima.?G. O. Sars, 1900:65-67, pl. 47. Brachydiastylis resimus.?Stebbing, 1912:107-109, figs. 62-65. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Off Nova Scotia (?); one specimen in early adolescence that may, but not with certainty, be- long to this species. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Off Nova Scotia, 45?04'00"N, 59?36'45"W, 57 fms (Caiman, 1912). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Coasts of Norway, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Baltic Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak, E coast of Scotland, Spitzbergen, Iceland, E and W Greenland, Baffin Island; shallow water to 110 fms. 48. Leptostylis longimana (G. O. Sars) Diastylis longimana G. O. Sars, 1865:173-175. Leptostylis longimana.?G. O. Sars, 1900:68, 69, pl. 48. REMARKS.?An adolescent specimen present in the material shows the considerable elongation of the pereopods and otherwise resembles this species, but it varies in the following respects: Uropod peduncle only as long as fifth abdominal segment plus half the sixth and only 2i/? times the length of the telson. Exopodite of uropod reaches only to half the length of third article of endopod, not to end of second article. In endopod of uropod, first article is indeed longest but not as long as second and third com- bined. Second article is not longer, but shorter, than third. These differences are perhaps due only to the adolescent stage of the specimen. At any rate, I as- sign it with a question to L. longimana. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Off Gay Head, Mass., surface, 8 Aug 1888, V. N. Edwards, 1 male. 40?04'00"N, 69?29'30"W, 58 fms, 28 Sep 1884, Albatross Sta 2261, 1 juvenile. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Casco Bay (Smith, 1879). Mount Desert region, Maine, mud, 20-70 fms (Procter, 1933). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Kattegat, Norway's coast up to Lofo- ten Islands, W of Ireland, NW of Faroe Islands, Iceland, Danish Straits, Davis Straits; shallow water to 1236 fms. 49. Leptostylis ampullacea (Lilljeborg) FIGURES 74-77 Cuma ampullacea W. Lilljeborg, 1855:120, 121. Leplostylis ampullacea.?G. O. Sars, 1900:70, 71, pl. 50: fig. 1. REMARKS.?The species is not represented in the material examined. I have seen a number of specimens belonging to the USNM collections of the National Museum of Natural History that were from more northerly regions. One of them, a subadult female leads me to NUMBER 302 25 FIGURES 62-78.?Diastylis abbreviata, male in breeding stage: 62, lateral view; 63, anterior part of body from above; 64, antennula; 65, peduncle and first joints of flagellum of antenna; 66, third tnaxilliped; 67, first pereopod; 68, second pereopod; 69, telson and uropod. Subadult female: 70, anterior part of body from above; 71, lateral view omitting extremities; 72, telson and uropods. Makrokylindrus sp.: 73, terminal abdominal segment, telson and uropod. Leptostylis ampullacea, female: 74, denticulation of carapace margin; 75, end part of first pereopod; 76, end part of second pereopod; 77, last abdominal segment, telson and uropods. Oxyurostylis smithi, female: 78, carapace from the side. 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY make some comments. It varies from Sars' figure and description in the following respects: Dorsum more hairy. Second pereopod (Figure 76) with dactylus somewhat longer than carpus. Telson (Figure 77) distinctly more than half as long as uropod pedun- cle; it is also more slender than usual. Endopod of uropod is not slightly but rather distinctly shorter than peduncle. The denticulation on carapace mar- gin (Figure 74) is distinctive. Notches between den- ticles are rounded at bottom. Each denticle with approximately square basal part and triangular forward-pointing tip. I was able to compare a speci- men from Bergen, which undoubtedly belongs to L. ampullacea. In the hairiness of the dorsum and the less slender telson, there is better agreement with Sars' description than with the USNM specimens. On the other hand, there are the following resem- blances: Second pereopod with dactylus longer than carpus; telson more than half as long as uropod pe- duncle; uropod endopodite distinctly shorter than peduncle; and denticulation on carapace margin is exactly the same. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Gulf of Maine, 52-90 fms (Smith, 1879). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Baltic Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak, entire Norwegian coast, Durham, Faroe Islands, Iceland, 66i4?30'N, 80'W (Fox Channel), 10 Aug 1927 and from 49i4?31'N, 63?50'W (off Labrador), Jul 1927, coll. Capt. R. A. Bartlett; shallow water to 300 fms. 50. Oxyurostylis smithi Caiman FIGURE 78 Oxyurostylis smithi Caiman, 1912:667-670, figs. 91-99. REMARKS.?The development of the curved lines on the carapace is somewhat variable. The lines are often sharply ridge shaped, but often slighter, indi- cated only as "lines." They are usually more devel- oped in large than in small specimens. In smaller specimens connecting line between first and second curved lines is not visible. The relations were as follows in larger specimens: According to Caiman there are 3 curved lines present. The first begins on the pseudorostral side, runs backward, turns to- ward the frontal lobe, then turns backward again shortly before reaching it, and soon ends. The termi- nal part that again bends backward can often be lacking. The next 2 curved lines run farther back on the carapace and all 3 lines converge generally concentrically. I found this development in only a few specimens, all from Woods Hole. A connecting line was usually present between curved lines 1 and 2, and the sec- ond line may have a geniculation in its forward course. In extreme cases there is a development as shown in Figure 78. The connecting line begins where line 1 bends posterior to the margin on the frontal lobe, and it terminates in an angular pro- jection on the second line. This extreme condition appeared in some specimens from Woods Hole, in one specimen from Albatross Sta 2283, and in some specimens from Chesapeake Bay and from the May River, South Carolina. The majority of the specimens from Chesapeake Bay showed the following distinctions: line 2 was not geniculate, and the connecting line between 1 and 2, present only in the anterior part, does not reach line 2. I examined a similar specimen from Woods Hole and one also from Fish Hawk Sta 818. The specimen that Caiman used for his figure 92 shows a similar development. The specimens from Skull Creek, South Carolina, generally have a geniculation in line 2, but to a different degree. The connecting line is often alto- gether lacking or only faintly indicated. In other instances only the posterior part is present and not the anterior part as in the cases described above. All the specimens from the May River show likewise a geniculation in line 2, but frequently hardly per- ceptible. The connecting line is frequently com- pletely lacking, but is also frequently present in the form of stout ridges as already mentioned. More about the adult males: I examined speci- mens from Woods Hole, the region of Cape Hat- teras, and Chesapeake Bay. In both specimens from Cape Hatteras line 3 was lacking altogether, and line 2 was geniculate but not distinctly developed. In one specimen from Chesapeake Bay line 3 was present only in the median part and even here only indistinctly. The "lateral line" that plays such an important part in the adult male in the family Diastylidae (Zimmer, 1930) terminates anteriorly in Caiman's picture, where it meets line 3. I did not see such a specimen; moreover, in the specimen before me the lateral line extends anteriorly over line 3 to line 2. The part lying between lines 2 and 3 is sometimes only faintly visible, but sometimes very distinct, particularly in the specimens from Chesapeake Bay. In males, as well as in females, line 3 is sometimes NUMBER 302 27 inclined to a more or less undulated course. In some specimens, I find a very faint, hardly visible, con- necting line between lines 2 and 3. Its position is somewhat more toward the dorsal margin of the carapace than the connecting line between 1 and 2. The above indicates that the different develop- ment of the system of lines shows a certain geograph- ical variation, which, however, is not sufficiently pronounced for the establishment of a geographic race, at least not on the basis of the material exam- ined. About 40 young were counted in the marsu- pium of an adult female. MATERIAL EXAMINED.?Vineyard Sound, 5 Sep 1881, U.S. Fish. Comm., 4 females (1 adult); 1 male. Woods Hole, Mass., 21 Aug 1881, U.S. Fish. Comm., 3 females. Woods Hole, Mass., evening, surface, 2 May 1888, U.S. Fish. Comm., 1 male. Woods Hole, Mass., surface, evening, 2 May 1888, V. N. Edwards, U.S. Fish. Comm., 3 females (1 adult); 2 males (1 adult). Woods Hole, Mass., evening, 8 Jul 1901, 4 days of W wind, S. J. Holmes, 1 female, 1 juvenile. Narra- gansett Bay, R.I., 9.5 fms, 23 Aug 1880, Fish Hawk Sta 818, 1 female. Newport, R.I., Jul 1894, S. D. Judd, 1 female. Amityville, Long Island, N.Y., 6 Jul 1938, H. N. Townes, 45 females and males (1 adult female and 1 adult male). LOCALITIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY OF THE STEAMER FISH HAWK.?Sta 8347#, 37?54'03"N, 76?06'70"W, 24 Oct 1915, 1 female, 1 adult male. Sta 8351, 38?09'20"N, 76?09'06"W, 25 Oct 1915, from bottom, a number of females and males. Sta 8353, 38?20'25"N, 76?18'15"W, 25 fms, 25 Oct 1915, 1 adult male. Sta 8506#, 37?16'50"N, 76?14'27"W, 5.5 fms, Apr 1916, 1 female. Sta 8610#, 37?52'24"N, 76?04'59"W, 3 fms, 27 Jul 1916, 1 female. Sta 8790, Point to Point Light, W 7/8 N Holland Bar Light, SE i/2 S, 7.27 fms. 6 May 1920, 1 female. Sta 8822#, 23.79 m, 8 Jul 1920, 1 female. Sta 8826*, 45.75 m, 8 Jul 1920, 1 adult male. Sta 8828*, 16.47 m, 9 Jul 1920, 1 adult male. Sta 8829?, 23.79 m, 9 Jul 1920, 9 females and males. Sta 8844?, 8.23 m, 23 Aug 1920, 1 young. Sta 8856*, 7.32 m, 25 Aug 1920, 11 females and males. Sta 8878*, 7.76 m, 19 Oct 1920, 2 females. Sta 8879*, 12.81 m, 19 Oct 1920, I female. Sta 8883*, 10.06 m, 20 Oct 1920, 1 male, 1 young. Sta 8884?, 12.81 m, 20 Oct 1920, 1 female. Sta 8887, 1281 m, 20 Oct 1920, 3 females and males. Sta 8888#, 7.78 m, 20 Oct 1920, 18 females and males. Sta 8889, 14.64 m, 20 Oct 1920, 3 females and males. Sta 8893*. 44.83 m, 21 Oct 1920, 6 females and males. Sta 8896, 22.87 m, 21 Oct 1920, 4 females and males. Sta 8898*, 28.08 m, 4 Dec 1920, 6 females and males. Sta 8899*, 11.44 m, 4 Dec 1920, 1 male. Sta 8900#, 22.87 m, 4 Dec 1920, 1 female. Sta 8909*. 12.81 m, 6 Dec 1920, 1 adult male. Sta 8932*, 18.30 m, 22 Jan 1921, 1 adult female. Sta 8936?, 10.07 m, 23 Jan 1921, 4 males. Sta 8938*. 14.64 m, 23 Jan 1921, 1 female. Sta 8970*, 24 m, 30 Mar 1921, 1 female. 35?21'15"N, 75?23'15"W (off Cape Hatteras), 14 fms, 19 Oct 1884, Albatross Sta 2283*, 1 adult female. 34?38'00"N, 76?12'00"W, surface, 19 Oct 1885, Albatross Sta 2607, 2 adult males. One mi inside of May R, S.C.#, 17 Jan 1891, Fish Hawk, 7 females, 9 males. West end of Skull R, S.C.#, Fish Hawk, a number of females and males. EARLIER RECORDS IN THE REGION.?Casco Bay, Vineyard Sound, surface (Caiman, 1912). Woods Hole region, plank- ton (Fish, 1925). OTHER LOCALITIES.?Gulf of Mexico (Punta Rassa, Fla, 1 fm, Calcasieu Pass, La, tow, wharf). Literature Cited Bell, T. 1885. Account of the Crustacea. In E. Belcher, Last of the Arctic Voyages . . . in Search of Sir J. Frank- lin . . .,2:1-403. Blake, C. H. 1929. New Crustacea from the Mount Desert Region, Maine. Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region, 3:1-34. Caiman, W. T. 1905. The Marine Fauna of the West Coast of Ireland, part IV: Cumacea. Fisheries, Scientific Investiga- tions. (Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland), 1:1-52. 1906. The Cumacea of the Puritan Expedition. Mit- teilungen aus der zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 17:411-432. 1912. The Crustacea of the Order Cumacea in the Col- lection of the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41:603-676. Fage, L. 1929. Cumacds et Leptostraces provenant des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince Albert I " de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Prince Albert /??", 77:1-51, plates 1-3. Fish, Charles J. 1925. Seasonal Distribution of the Plankton of the Woods Hole Region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 41:91-179. Forsman, B. 1938a. Untersuchungen iiber die Cumaceen des Skageraks. Zoologiska Bidrag fr&n Uppsala, 18:1-161, plates 1-3. 1938b. Faunistische und biologische Studien iiber nor- dische Cumaceen. Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Zoolo- gischer Anzeiger, 121(3/4):59-66, figure 1. Hale, H. M. 1936. Cumacea from a South Australian Reef. Records of the South Australian Museum, 5:404-438. Hansen, H. J. 1887. Malacostraca marina Groenlandiae occidentalis: Oversigt over det vestlige Gr0nlands Fauna af malakostrake Havskrebsdyr. Videnskabelige Med- delelser fra den nalurhistoriske Forening i Kj0ben- havn for Aarene (Kj0benh;ivn), 9:195-223. 1920. Crustacea Malacostraca, IV: The Order Cumacea. Danish Ingolf Expedition, Copenhagen, 3 (6): 1-74. Hart. J.F.L. 1930. Some Cumacea of the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, new series, 6(3):25-40. Kindle, E. M., and E. J. Whittaker 1918. Bathymetric Checklist of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada, with an Index to Whiteaves' Catalogue. Sessional Papers, 38a. Ottawa. Kr0yer, H. 1841. Fire nye Arter of Slaegten Cuma Edw. Xalurhis- torisk Tidsskrift (Copenhagen), 3:503-534. 1846. Om Cumaernes Familie. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (Copenhagen), 2:123-211. Lilljeborg, W. 1885. Om Hafs-Crustaceer vid Kullabergi Skane. Ofver- sigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhan- dlingar (Stockholm), 12(3): 117-138. Norman, A. M. 1902. Notes on the Natural History of East Finmark. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 10:472-486. Ohlin, A. 1901. Arctic Crustacea, Collected by Swedish Arctic Ex- pedition, 1898-1899, I: Leptostraca, Isopoda, Cu- macea. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- akademiens Handlingar, 12:1-54. Packard, A. S. 1867. Observations on the Glacial Phenomena of Labra- dor and Maine, with a View of the Recent In- vertebrate Fauna of Labrador. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1:210-303. Procter, W. 1933. Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region. 402 pages. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute of Anat- omy and Biology. Sars, G. O. 1865. Om den aberrante Krebsdygruppe Cumacea og dens nordiske Arter. Forhandlingar i Videnskabs- Selskabet i Cliristiania, 1864:128-208. 1870. Nye Dybvandscrustaceer fra Lofoten. Forhandlingar i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Cliristiania, 1869:147-174. 1871a. Nya arter af Cumacea samlade under K. Svenska Korvetten Josephines Expedition i Atlantiska Oceanen ar 1869 af F. A. Smitt och A. Ljungman. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetetukapsakade- miens Forhandlingar, 28:71-81. 1871b. Beskrivelse af de paa fregatten Josephines expe- dition fundne Cumaceer. Kongliga Svenska Veten- skapsakademiens Handlingar, 9(13): 1-57, plates 1-20. 1872. Cumaceer fra de Store Dybder i Nordishavet, indsamlede ved de Svenske Arktiske Expeditioner aarene 1861 og 1868. Ofversigt af Kongliga Veten- skaps-Akade miens Forhandlingar, 1871 (Stockholm), 28(6): 797-802. 28 NUMBER 302 29 1873. Om Cumaceer fra de Store Dybder i Nordishafvet, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Hand- lingar, 11(6): 1-12, plates 1-4. 1886. Crustacea, II: List of Species Observed on the Ex- pedition, with Remarks on Occurrence and Dis- tribution. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedi- tion, 1876-1878 (Zoology), 2:1-96, 1 map. 1887. Report on the Cumacea Collected by H.M.S. Chal- lenger during the Years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Chal- lenger during the Years 1873-76 under the Com- mand of George S. Nares and Frank Tourle Thorn- son, 19(55): 1-78. 1900. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway, III: Cumacea. 115 pages, 72 plates. Bergen. Smith, S. I. 1879. The Stalk-Eyed Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast of Xorth America, North of Cape Cod. Trans- actions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science, 5(1):27-I36. 1881. Preliminary Notice of the Crustacea Dredged in 64 to 325 Fathoms off the South Coast of New England by the United States Fish Commission in 1880. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 3:413-452. Smith, S. I., and O. Harger 1874. Report on the Dredgings in the Region of St. George's Banks in 1872. Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Science, 3:1-57. Stappers, L. 1911. Crustaces Malacostraces de la Campagne arctique de 1907 (Due d'Orleans). 152 pages, Brussels. Stebbing, T.R.R. 1912. South African Crustacea, part VI: The Sympoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 10:127-176. 1913. Cumacea (Sympoda). Das Tieneich, 39:1-210. Stimpson, W. 1853. Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrates of Grand Manan. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6:1-63. Verrill, A. E. 1873. Results of Recent Dredging Expeditions on the Coast of New England. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 6:435-441. 1874a. Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College, XXVI. In Results of Recent Dredg- ing Expeditions on the Coast of New England, number 4. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3, 7<37):38-46. 1874b. Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College, XXVIII. In Results of Recent Dredging Expeditions on the Coast of New Eng- land, number 6. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3, 7(40):405-414, figures 1, 2, plates 4, 5. Verrill, A. E., and R. Rathbun 1880. List of Marine Invertebrata from the New England Coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12:227-232. Verrill, A. E., and S. I. Smith 1873. Report upon the Invertebrate Animals of Vine- yard Sound and Adjacent Waters. Reports to the United States Fisheries Commission 1871 and 1872, 478 pages, 38 plates. Washington, D.C. Watling, L. 1977. Two New Genera and a New Subfamily of Bodo- triidae (Crustacea: Cumacea) from Eastern North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89(52):593-598. Whiteaves, J. F. 1874. On Recent Deep-Sea Dredging Operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. American Journal of Science and Arts, 7:210-219. 1901. Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada (Ottawa), 271 pages. Zimmer, C. 1921. Cumaceen. In Results of Dr. E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia, 1910-1913. Kunglica Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlin- gar, 61(7): 1-13. 1926. Northern and Arctic Invertebrates in the Collec- tion of the Swedish State Museum, Cumaceen. Kunglica Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlin- gar, series 3, 3(2): 1-88, plates 1-4. 1930. Untersuchungen an Diastyliden (Ordnung Cuma- cea). Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin, 16(4):583-658. 1943. Ober neue und weniger bekannte Cumaceen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 141(7-8): 148-167. REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review within their originating Smithsonian museums or offices and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with approval of the appropriate museum authority on Form SI-36. Requests for special treatment?use of color, foldouts, casebound covers, etc.?require, on the same form, the added approval of designated committees or museum directors. 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