1464 [Monocots] (Melica ? Muhlenbergia) INFL: 5?36 cm; branches appressed to spreading; spikelets 3?30 per branch. SPIKELET: 3?7 mm; glumes 2?6 mm, ? equal, persistent; bisexual florets 1?2; lemma 3?7 mm, glabrous or scabrous, tip acute to obtuse, gen glabrous or minutely scabrous; palea ? = lemma; ster- ile cluster 0.5?4 mm, > axis, acute to obtuse, not resembling bisexual floret. Dry rocky hillsides, chaparral, woodland; < 1500 m. NCoRI, c&s SN, ScV (Sutter Buttes), CW, SW, DMoj; NV, AZ, Baja CA. Apr?May M. spectabilis Scribn. (p. 1467) PURPLE ONION GRASS Rhi- zomes short to long. ST: 3.5?10 dm; corms short-stalked, scattered. LF: ligule 0.1?3 mm; blade 2?5 mm wide. INFL: 5?26 cm; branches gen appressed; spikelets 1?4 per branch. SPIKELET: 7?19 mm; glumes 3.5?7 mm, ? equal, < 1/2 spikelet, obtuse, persistent; bisex- ual florets 3?7; lemma 6?9 mm, glabrous or minutely scabrous, gen widest above middle, tip acute to obtuse; palea ? 7/8 lemma; sterile cluster ? 2.5 mm, 1.5?3.5 mm, acute, tapered, gen concealed. Wet sites, meadows, conifer forest; 1200?2600 m. KR, n NCoR, n SNH, Wrn; BC, Rocky Mtns. May?Jul ? M. stricta Bol. (p. 1467) Densely cespitose. ST: 1?9 dm; corms 0. LF: ligule 2.5?5 mm; blade 1.5?5 mm wide. INFL: 3?30 cm; branches very appressed; spikelets 1?2 per branch, pedicels sharply bent below spikelets. SPIKELET: 6?23 mm, open, appearing V-shaped; glumes 6?16 mm, ? equal, spreading, distal 1/2 translu- cent, deciduous; bisexual florets 2?4; lemma 8?16 mm, glabrous or minutely scabrous, tip obtuse to acute, awn 0; palea 1/2?3/4 lemma; sterile cluster 2?7 mm, acute to acuminate, resembling lower florets. Open sites, conifer forest, rocky areas in alpine; 1200?3350 m. KR, NCoRH, CaR, SNH, Teh, s SCoR, TR, Wrn, SNE, DMtns; OR, UT. [M. s. var. albicaulis Boyle] Jun?Aug M. subulata (Griseb.) Scribn. Rhizomes short. ST: 5?13 dm; corms sessile, clustered. LF: ligule 0.4?5 mm; blade 2?10 mm wide. INFL: 8?25 cm; branches appressed to spreading; spikelets 1?5 per branch. SPIKELET: 10?28 mm; glumes persistent, lower 4?8 mm, upper 6?12 mm, acute; bisexual florets 2?5; lemma 8?15 mm, gen hairy with longer hairs near base, tip strongly tapered, acuminate, awn 0; sterile cluster 4?9 mm, tapered, resembling bisexual florets. Moist sites, streambanks, conifer forest; < 2300 m. KR, NCoR, CaRH, n&c SNH, CCo, SnFrB, Wrn; AK, Rocky Mtns; also in S.Am. Apr?Jul M. torreyana Scribn. (p. 1467) ST: decumbent to erect, 3?10 dm; corms 0. LF: ligule 1?5 mm; blade 1?2.5 mm wide. INFL: 6?25 cm; branches gen appressed; spikelets 4?38 per branch. SPIKELET: 3.5?7 mm; glumes 3?7 mm, ? equal, acute, persistent; bisexual flo- rets 1?2; lemma 3.5?6 mm, back scabrous or occ hairy with longer hairs near tip, tip obtuse to weakly notched, awn 0 or to 2 mm; sterile cluster 0.5?4 mm, < axis, widest at distal end, truncate. Chaparral, conifer forest; < 1600 m. NW (exc NCoRH), CaRF, n&c SN, ScV (Sutter Buttes), CW. Mar?Jun MELINIS Ann, per. ST: erect to prostrate; internode solid to hollow. LF: gen cauline; ligule hairy. INFL: gen panicle-like, open; branches spreading to ascending; spikelets subsessile to stalked. SPIKELET: falling as 1 unit; glumes strongly unequal, lower << upper or 0, upper glume silky-hairy; florets 2, lower floret sterile or staminate, lemma ? = upper glume, upper floret fertile, lemma membranous to thick, firm, smooth, ? white in fr, margin flat, tip blunt, palea ? = lemma. 22 spp.: warm temp, subtrop, se Asia, Afr. (Greek: a cereal, probably millet) [Wipff 2007 FNANM 25:490?492; Zizka 1990 Mitt Inst Allg Bot Hamburg 23:563?572] M. repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. repens NATAL GRASS, RUBY GRASS Ann or short-lived per. ST: decumbent to erect, (2)4?15 dm; internodes glabrous or with swollen-based hairs; sheath 3?9 cm, gla- brous; ligule hairs 0.5?1.5 mm; blade 3?27 cm, gen 2?9 mm wide, upper surface glabrous. INFL: (4)6?22 cm; 1? branches 2.5?6(11) cm, glabrous to puberulent; spikelet stalk 0.5?5 mm, ? wiry, hairy. SPIKELET: 2?5.5 mm, ? 1?2 mm wide, ovate to elliptic; lower glume < 1.5 mm, 0?1-veined, upper glume 2?5 mm, densely silky- hairy, hairs ? 7 mm, rose to ? purple fading to pink or white in age; lower floret staminate or sterile, lemma ? like upper glume, 5-veined, tip minutely lobed, palea ? = lemma; upper floret ? 2/3 length lower floret, lemma firm, ? white, shiny; anthers 3. 2n=36. Disturbed areas, slopes; < 850 m. NCoRO, SnJV, s CCo, SCoRO, SCo, WTR, PR; to s US; native to S.Afr, w Asia. [Rhynchelytrum r. (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.; R. roseum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.; Tricholaena r. Nees] Used for soil stabilization. All yr MUHLENBERGIA MUHLY Paul M. Peterson Ann, per, occ mat-like, often rhizomed. ST: decumbent to erect, ? clumped. LF: basal and cauline; sheath open; ligule mem- branous, entire to irregularly toothed, occ with 1 large tooth on each side; blade flat to rolled. INFL: panicle-like, narrow to open; branches spreading to appressed. SPIKELET: gen single (bisexual) occ paired (bisexual, staminate or sterile); glumes subequal, gen 1?3-veined, short-pointed to awned, upper glume occ 3-veined; florets 1, occ 2; axis breaking above glumes; lemma short-pointed to awned, glabrous to hairy, 3-veined; palea ? lemma. FR: ? fusiform, red-brown, gen falling with lemma and palea. 173 spp.: temp Am, s Asia. (G.H.E. Muhlenberg, PA botanist, 1753?1815) Reports of M. dumosa Vasey, M. glauca (Nees) B.D. Jacks., M. thurberi (Scribn.) Rydb. have proved to be erroneous. 1. Ann 2. Lemma awned, awn 1?3 cm, lemma 2.5?6 mm 3. Lemma gen 4.5?6 mm; infl gen < 1.5 cm wide, branches closely appressed; glumes gen 1?2 mm . . . . . . M. appressa 3? Lemma gen 2.5?4.5 mm; infl 1?5 cm wide, branches spreading to ascending; glumes gen < 1 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. microsperma 2? Lemma short-awned, awn < 1 mm, or awn 0; lemma < 2.5 mm 4. Infl narrow, < 1 cm wide; branches closely appressed; sts often rooting at lower nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. filiformis 4? Infl open, 1.5?8 cm wide; branches reflexed, ascending to spreading; sts not rooting at lower nodes 5. Infl branches stiffly spreading to reflexed ? 90? from axis; glumes glabrous; ligule teeth 2, 1 on each side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. fragilis 5? Infl branches ascending < 80? from axis; glume tip short-hairy; ligule truncate to obtuse, irregularly short-toothed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. minutissima UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-Group 8b.indd 1464 6/3/11 10:16 AM [Monocots] 1465 1? Per 6. Lemma awn 0 or short-awned, awn < 1 mm 7. Infl 5?14 cm wide, open, branches spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. asperifolia 7? Infl ? 4 cm wide, narrow, branches ascending to appressed, occ loosely spreading 8. Rhizomes creeping, ? scaly; sts ? decumbent to erect 9. Glumes 2.5?4 mm, ? = lemma; lower 1/2 lemma short-soft-hairy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. californica 9? Glumes 0.5?1.8 mm, ? 1/2 lemma; lemma glabrous to ? scabrous 10. Ligule gen 1?2.5 mm; infl axis gen obscured by branches, spikelets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. richardsonis 10? Ligule gen < 1 mm; infl axis gen visible between branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. utilis 8? Rhizomes 0; sts clumped or decumbent and ? rooting at nodes 11. Blade < 4 cm; lemma gen < 2 mm; st gen < 3 dm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. filiformis 11? Blade ? 5 cm; lemma gen > 2.5 mm; st 2?15 dm 12. Infl ? 15 cm, 1.5?4 cm wide; branches loosely fld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. jonesii 12? Infl 15?60 cm, ? 1.2 cm wide; branches densely fld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. rigens 6? Lemma awn 1?30 mm 13. Infl open, 6?15 cm wide, branches spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. porteri 13? Infl gen < 6 cm wide, branches ascending to appressed, occ spreading 14. Glumes 1 or 2, gen < 0.5 mm, vein 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M. schreberi] 14? Glumes 2, gen > 0.5 mm, vein(s) evident 15. Rhizome gen scaly, creeping 16. Blade gen rolled, < 2 mm wide; anther purple, 1.5?3 mm 17. Lemma, palea short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2; sts loosely clumped, decumbent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. arsenei 17? Lemma base sparsely short-hairy; palea glabrous to ? scabrous; sts erect, ? rooting at lower nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. pauciflora 16? Blade gen flat, ? 2 mm wide; anther yellow, gen ? 1.5 mm 18. Hairs at lemma base 2?3.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. andina 18? Hairs at lemma base < 1.5 mm 19. Lemma awn gen < 2.2 mm; anther 1?1.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. californica 19? Lemma awn 2.5?9 mm; anther < 0.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. mexicana 15? Rhizomes 0 20. Upper glume 3-veined, 3-toothed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. montana 20? Upper glume gen 1-veined, obtuse, acute, or awned 21. Lower glume 2-veined, 2-awned; infl 5?8 mm wide, spike-like, dense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. alopecuroides 21? Lower glume 1-veined, with 1 awn or awnless; infl 5?30 mm wide, dense to loose 22. Glumes 0.5?1 mm, obtuse; cleistogamous spikelets gen present in lowermost st axils . . . . . . 2M. microsperma 22? Glumes gen 1.5?3.5 mm, acute, acuminate, or awned; cleistogamous spikelets 0 23. Lemma, palea short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2; sts loosely clumped, decumbent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. arsenei 23? Lemma base sparsely short-hairy; palea glabrous to ? scabrous; sts erect, ? rooting at lower nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2M. pauciflora M. alopecuroides (Griseb.) P.M. Peterson & Columbus (p. 1467) WOLFTAIL Per. ST: 3?6 dm. LF: ligule 2?12 mm, acuminate; blade 4?12 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat; midribs, margins ? white; tip with awn- like extension of midrib, 3?10 mm. INFL: 4?10 cm, 5?8 mm wide, spike-like, densely fld. SPIKELET: paired, pair with subtending axis segment falling as 1 unit; lower spikelet staminate or sterile, upper spikelet bisexual; glumes 1?2 mm, unequal, awned, lower glume 2-veined, 2-awned, awns 1?3.5 mm, upper glume 1-veined, 1-awned, awns 2.5?5 mm; lemma 3?4 mm, short soft-hairy on lower 2/3, awn 1.5?3 mm; anthers 1.5?2 mm, yellow. 2n=40. Rocky slopes and mesas; ? 500 m. e DMtns (New York Mtns); sw US, Mex; also nw Argentina, Bolivia. [Lycurus setosus (Nutt.) C. Reeder; L. phle- oides Kunth, misappl.] Jul?Oct ? M. andina (Nutt.) Hitchc. FOXTAIL MUHLY Per; rhizome scaly, creeping. ST: 2.5?8.5 dm. LF: ligule 0.5?1.5 mm, truncate, ciliate; blade 4?16 cm, 2?4 mm wide, flat. INFL: 2?15 cm, 5?15 mm wide, narrow; branches appressed, loosely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 2?4 mm, acuminate or short-awned; lemma 2?3.5 mm, hairs at base = lemma, awn 1?7 mm; anthers 0.5?1.5 mm, yellow. 2n=20. Canyons, streambanks, wet meadows; < 3100 m. KR, NCoRI, SN, SCoRI, SnBr, SNE, DMtns; to Can, CO, w TX. Jul?Sep M. appressa C.O. Goodd. APPRESSED MUHLY Ann. ST: 1?4 dm. LF: ligule 1.5?3 mm, truncate to obtuse, decurrent to sheath, toothed; blade 1?5 mm, 1?2 mm wide, flat or folded. INFL: 4?14 cm, 0.5?1.5 cm wide, narrow; branches appressed, loosely fld. SPIKE- LET: in lower branch axils cleistogamous, enclosed by tightly rolled sheath; glumes 1?2 mm, obtuse to acute; lemma 4.5?6 mm, hairs at base short-appressed between veins, awn 1?3 cm; anther 0.5?1 mm, purple. Open canyon bottoms, rocky slopes; 20?1600 m. s ChI (San Clemente Island), DMtns (Providence Mtns); s AZ, Baja CA. Apr?May ? M. arsenei Hitchc. (p. 1467) TOUGH MUHLY Per; rhizomes occ ? short or appearing 0. ST: 1.5?4 dm, decumbent at base. LF: ligule 1?2 mm, acuminate, toothed, ? decurrent to sheath, with 1 large tooth on each side; blade 1?5 cm, < 2 mm wide, rolled. INFL: 4?12 cm, 1?3 cm wide, narrow; branches ascending to appressed, loosely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 2?3 mm, acute, ? short-awned, awn < 1 mm; lemma 3.5?5 mm, short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2, awn 4?12 mm; palea short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2; anther 1.6?3 mm, purple. Limestone rock outcrops, slopes; 1400?1860 m. DMtns (Clark Mtn Range); to se UT, n NM, n Baja CA. Aug?Sep ? M. asperifolia (Trin.) Parodi (p. 1467) SCRATCH GRASS Per; rhizomes shiny, scaly; ? stoloned. ST: decumbent to erect, 1?6 dm. LF: ligule 0.2?1 mm, truncate, minutely ciliate; blade 2?6 cm, 1?2.8 mm wide, flat or folded. INFL: 6?17 cm, 5?14 cm wide, ovoid, open; branches 5?14 cm, spreading. SPIKELET: glumes 0.5?1.5 mm, acute; florets 1?2; lemma 1?2 mm, glabrous ? short-awned; anther 1?1.2 mm, purple. 2n=20,22,28. Moist, often alkaline meadows, seeps, hot springs; 120?2150 m. CA; w N.Am, s S.Am. Jul?Oct M. californica Vasey (p. 1467) CALIFORNIA MUHLY Per; rhi- zomes short, scaly, creeping. ST: 3?7 dm. LF: ligule 0.8?2 mm, trun- cate, irregularly toothed, minutely ciliate; blade 4?16 cm, 2?6 mm wide, flat. INFL: 5?13 cm, < 2 cm wide, narrow; branches ascending UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-Group 8b.indd 1465 6/3/11 10:16 AM 1466 [Monocots] (Muhlenbergia ? Munroa) to erect, short, densely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 2.5?4 mm, acumi- nate, ? long-tapered to awned, awn < 1.2 mm; lemma 2.8?4 mm, short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2, hairs < 1.5 mm, awn < 2.2 mm; anther 1?1.5 mm, yellow. 2n=80. Streambanks, canyons; 100?2000 m. SCo, SnGb, SnBr, SnJt. Jun?Sep ? M. filiformis (S. Watson) Rydb. PULL-UP MUHLY Ann. ST: decumbent, loosely clumped, rooting at lower nodes, 0.2?3 dm. LF: ligule 1?2.5 mm, obtuse to acute, margin serrate; blade 1?4 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat or rolled. INFL: 1?6 cm, < 1 cm wide, cylindric, nar- row; branches closely appressed. SPIKELET: glumes 0.5?1.2 mm, obtuse, ? toothed at 10?; lemma 1.5?2 mm, short-awned, awn < 1 mm; anther 0.5?1 mm, purple to yellow. 2n=18. Moist meadows, seeps, streambanks; 150?3350 m. NW, SN, WTR, SnBr, SnJt, GB; to BC, c US, NM, Mex. Jun?Aug M. fragilis Swallen (p. 1467) DELICATE MUHLY Ann. ST: erect or spreading, 1?3.5 dm. LF: ligule 1?3 mm, decurrent to sheath, with 1 large tooth at each side; blade 1?6 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat, margin, midvein strongly white-thickened. INFL: 10?30 cm, 3.5?8 cm wide, ovoid, open; branches thread-like, stiffly spreading to reflexed ? 90? from central axis. SPIKELET: glumes 0.5?1 mm, obtuse to acute, glabrous; lemma ? 1 mm, gen glabrous, margin, midvein occ short- hairy; anther < 0.5 mm, purple. 2n=20. Open, ? disturbed, limestone gravelly wash; ? 1600 m. e DMtns (Clark Mtn Range, New York Mtns); to w TX, Mex. Oct ? M. jonesii (Vasey) Hitchc. JONES? MUHLY Per. ST: densely clumped, 2?5 dm. LF: basal gen tufted; ligule 2?4.5 mm, acute; blade 5?12 cm, 1?2.5 mm wide, flat to ? folded. INFL: 4?15 cm, 1.5?4 cm wide; branches ascending to loosely spreading, loosely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 0.6?1.8 mm, obtuse, upper irregularly toothed, ? 3-veined; lemma 2.8?3.5 mm, short-soft-hairy on lower 1/3, short- awned, awn < 1 mm; anther 1.4?2.2 mm, purple. 2n=20. Open slopes; 1130?2130 m. KR, CaRH, n SNH. Jun?Aug ? M. mexicana (L.) Trin. Per; rhizomes scaly, creeping. ST: 3?7 dm. LF: ligule 0.4?1 mm, truncate, irregularly toothed; blade 4?12 cm, 2?5 mm wide, flat. INFL: 2?15 cm, 5?15 mm wide, narrow; branches stiffly ascending, densely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 1.5?3.5 mm, acu- minate to short-awned, awn < 2 mm; lemma 1.8?3.4 mm, hairs at base < 1.5 mm, awn 2.5?9 mm; anther < 0.5 mm, yellow. 2n=40. Uncommon. Riverbanks, canyons; 60?1530 m. KR, NCoRO, n SN; to BC, e US. Jul?Aug M. microsperma (DC.) Kunth (p. 1467) LITTLESEED MUHLY Ann, short-lived per. ST: 1?6 dm. LF: ligule 1?2 mm, decurrent to sheath, truncate to obtuse, toothed; blade 2?6 cm, 1?2.5 mm wide, flat or loosely rolled. INFL: 5?20 cm, 1?5 cm wide; branches spread- ing to ascending, loosely to densely fld. SPIKELET: in lower branch axils cleistogamous, enclosed by tightly rolled sheath; glumes 0.5?1 mm, obtuse; lemma gen 2.5?4.5 mm, short-soft-hairy at base, awn 1?3 cm; anther 0.5?1 mm, purple. 2n=20,40,60. Open, ? disturbed sites; < 1650 m. CCo, SCoRO, SW, D; to sw UT, AZ, Mex; also in S.Am. Mar?May M. minutissima (Steud.) Swallen (p. 1467) Ann. ST: ascending to erect, 0.2?3 dm. LF: ligule 1?2 mm, truncate to obtuse, short- toothed; blade 0.5?4 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat. INFL: 1?20 cm, nar- rowly ovoid, open; branches 1.5?5 cm, ascending < 80? from central axis. SPIKELET: glumes 0.5?1 mm, obtuse, tip short-hairy; lemma 1?1.5 mm, margins, midvein short-hairy; anther 0.5?1 mm, purple. 2n=60,80. Open, ? disturbed, sandy slopes, seeps; 400?2300 m. KR, n&c SNH, SnBr, SnJt, SNE; to WA, MT, w TX, Mex. Jul?Oct M. montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. (p. 1467) MOUNTAIN MUHLY Per. ST: 1?4 dm, densely tufted. LF: ligule 4?10 mm, acute; blade 5?12 cm, 1?2.5 mm wide, flat, ? rolled. INFL: 4?15 cm, 2?6 cm wide, oblong; branches spreading to ascending, loosely fld. SPIKELET: glumes 1.5?3 mm, upper 3-toothed, 3-veined; lemma 3?4.2 mm, margin, midvein short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2, awn 6?18 mm; anther 1.5?2.2 mm, purple. 2n=20,40. Open slopes, granitic rock outcrops, dry meadows; 1640?3420 m. KR, SNH; w US to C.Am. Jun?Aug M. pauciflora Buckley (p. 1473) FEW-FLOWERED MUHLY Per; rhizomes ? short, knot-like, or appearing 0. ST: erect, 3?5 dm, wiry, ? rooting at lower nodes; lower nodes knot-like. LF: ligule 1?2.5 mm, decurrent to sheath, with 1 large tooth on each side; blade 5?8 cm, 0.5?1.5 mm wide, flat to ? folded. INFL: 5?12 cm, 0.5?3 cm wide, narrow; branches ascending to appressed, loosely fld. SPIKE- LET: glumes 1.4?3.2 mm, acuminate to ? short-awned, awn < 1 mm; lemma 4?5 mm, base sparsely short-hairy, awn 5?20 mm; palea gla- brous to ? scabrous; anther 1.8?2 mm, purple. Rocky slopes, ledges, canyons; 1755 m. e DMtns (New York Mtns); to s CO, w TX, Mex. Sep?Oct ? M. porteri Beal (p. 1473) Per. ST: 2.5?8 dm, wiry; lower nodes knot-like. LF: ligule 1?2.5 mm, truncate, decurrent to sheath, toothed; blade 2?8 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat to ? folded. INFL: 4?15 cm, 6?15 cm wide, ovoid, open; branches thread-like, spreading. SPIKELET: glumes 2?3 mm, acuminate, occ short-awned, awn < 1 mm; lemma 3?4.2 mm, hairy below middle, awn 2?10 mm; anther 1.5?2.3 mm, purple to yellow. 2n=20,23,24,40. Among boulders or shrubs, rocky slopes, cliffs; 610?1680 m. SnBr, PR, SNE, DMoj; to CO, w TX, Mex. Jun?Oct M. richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. (p. 1473) MAT MUHLY Per, mat- ted; rhizome scaly. ST: decumbent to erect, 0.5?4 dm; lower nodes often swollen or knot-like. LF: ligule 1?2.5 mm, acute to truncate, decurrent to sheath; blade 1?5 cm, 1?2 mm wide, flat to ? rolled. INFL: 1?12 cm, 1?4 mm wide, cylindric, narrow; axis gen obscured by appressed branches. SPIKELET: glumes 0.8?1.8 mm, acute to ? short-awned; lemma 2?3 mm, glabrous, ? scabrous at tip, ? short- awned, awn < 0.5 mm; anther 1.2?1.5, yellow to purple. 2n=40. Open sites, ? moist meadows, talus slopes, along streams; 1220?3670 m. KR, CaRH, SNH, SCoRO, TR, SnJt, GB, DMtns; to Can, ne US, Mex. Jun?Aug M. rigens (Benth.) Hitchc. (p. 1473) DEER GRASS Per. ST: densely clumped, 5?15 dm. LF: ligule 0.5?2 mm, truncate, ? ciliate; blade 10?50 cm, 1.5?6 mm wide, flat. INFL: 15?60 cm, 5?12 mm wide, cylindric, narrow; branches appressed, densely fld. SPIKE- LET: glumes 1.8?3 mm, acute or obtuse, ? scabrous; lemma 2.5?3.5 mm, base sparsely short-hairy, ? abruptly pointed; anther 1.3?1.7, yellow to purple. 2n=40. Sandy to gravelly places, canyons, stream bottoms; < 2150 m. CaRH, SN, GV, SCoRO, SCo, TR, SnJt, SNE, DMoj; to TX, Mex. Jun?Sep M. utilis (Torr.) Hitchc. APAREJO GRASS Per; rhizome scaly. ST: decumbent, often creeping, 0.5?3 dm. LF: ligule 0.3?0.8 mm, truncate, decurrent to sheath; blade 1?3.5 cm, 0.6?1.2 mm wide, flat to ? rolled. INFL: 1?5 cm, 1?3 mm wide, narrow; branches short, appressed; axis gen visible between branches. SPIKELET: glumes 0.5?1.5 mm, acute; lemma 1.5?2.5 mm, acute, glabrous; anther 1?1.2 mm, yellow to purple. 2n=20. Wet sites along streams, ponds; 250? 1000 m. SCoRO, SCo, WTR; to TX, C.Am. Oct?Mar MUNROA Jes?s Vald?s-Reyna Ann, mat-forming. ST: stolon-like, 2?8 cm, terminating in clusters of lvs from which new sts arise; st to 15 cm. LF: mostly basal; sheath hairy-tufted at throat; ligule hairy; blade linear, gen inrolled, occ flat or folded, sharply pointed, margins white, thickened. INFL: terminal, head-like; spikelets 2?4, subsessile to pedicelled, clustered, subtended by lfy bract; axis breaking above glumes or below bract. SPIKELET: laterally compressed; florets 2?10, lower florets bisexual or pistillate; terminal florets sterile; glumes < spikelet, 1-veined, unawned; lower glumes gen present, upper absent or reduced on terminal spikelet; UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-Group 8b.indd 1466 6/3/11 10:16 AM 1467 UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-Group 8b.indd 1467 6/3/11 10:16 AM 1473 UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-Group 8b.indd 1473 6/3/11 10:16 AM The Jepson Manual Vascular Plants of California SECOND EDITION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BE R K E L E Y L OS A NGE L ES L ON D ON Bruce G. Baldwin (Convening Editor) Douglas H. Goldman David J. Keil Robert Patterson Thomas J. Rosatti Dieter H. Wilken Editors Jeffrey Greenhouse Staci Markos Richard L. Moe Scott Simono Margriet Wetherwax Staff Linda Ann Vorobik Principal Illustrator UC_Jepson-1stpps-CS5-mac-frontmatter.indd 7 5/31/11 4:27 PM