A REVIEW OF THE SCORP.ENOID FISHES OF JAPAN. By David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks,0/ the Leland Stanford Junior University. In this paper is given a review of the species of Scorpsenidx knownto inhabit the waters of Japan. The specimens examined are in thenmseum of Leland Stanford Junior University and in the UnitedStates National Museum, most of them having been collected byMessrs. Jordan and Starks in 1900 and a few by the United StatesFish Commission steamer Albatross.Family SCORP.ENID^E.Body oblong, more or less compressed, the head large, and with oneor more pairs of ridges above, which usually terminate in spines;sometimes very irregular in form. Opercle usuall}^ with 2 spinousprocesses; preopercle with 4 or 5. Mouth terminal, usually large,with villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, and usually on the palatines.Premaxillaries protractile; maxillary broad, without supplemental))one, not slipping under preorbital. Gill openings wide, extendingforward below; the gill membranes separate and free from the isth-mus; usually no slit behind the fourth gill. Scales ctenoid, or some-times cycloid, usually well developed, sometimes obsolete. Lateralline single, continuous, concurrent with the back; a narrow bony sta}''extending l^ackward from the suborbital toward the preopercle. Ven-tral tins thoracic, usually of the normal percoid form, I, 2, to I, 5, therays branched; dorsal fin continuous, sometimes so deeply notched asto divide it into two parts, or even three parts, with 8 to 16 ratherstrong spines and about as many soft rays; anal rather short, usuallywith 3 spines and 5 to 10 soft rays; soft rays in all the tins usuallybi-anched, except some or all of rays of the pectorals; pyloric ciecain moderate or small number (less than 12). Pseudobranchije large.Air bladder present or absent. Actinosts moderate, inserted on theposterior edges of hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid; ril)s borne onenlarged pleuraphyses. Post-temporal bifurcate, normally connected;myodome more or less developed. Genera and species numerous,Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXVII?No. 1 351 . 91 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.inhabiting all seas, but especially abundant in the temperate parts ofthe Pacific Ocesui, where they form a large proportion of the fishfauna. They are nonmigratory tishes, living a])out rocks. Most ofthem are of hirge size, and all are used as food. Many of them areviviparous, the young being produced in great numl)ers when aboutone-fourth inch in length. Many of them have a venom sac at thebase of the dorsal spines. In Japan the olivaceous species are knownas Meharu (pop eye), the others as So! ov Al'a-uiro (red fish). Niuner-ous species with venomous spines are known as Olx^oze. a. Dorsal fin beginning well backward at the nape, far behind the eye.h. Body scaly, sometimes with fleshy flaps; no free rays on the pectoral; ventralrays always I, 5.c. Pectoral fin with its lowermost ray not detached as a separate feeler.d. Dorsal spines not greatly produced with slender free tips; pectoral finsmoderate. e. Sebastin.e. Dorsal spines more than 12; vertebrae more than 10 + 14./. Dorsal spines 15 or 16; vertebrae about 11 + 18 = 29; palatine teethpresent; scales ctenoid; top of head scaly.g. Pectoral with the lower rays produced in a distinct lobe; anal raysIII, 5 Sebastolobus, 1 . ff. Dorsal spines 13 (rarely 14); vertebrae usually 12 + 15 = 27; palatineteeth present./(. Head and lateral line without series of filaments.i. Preorbital stay without series of hooked spines.j. Base of skull strongly curved; interorbital space broad, flat, orconvex; cranial spines relatively low; gill-rakers relativelylong Sehastodes, 2.jj. Base of skull nearly straight; interorbital space narrow, mostlyconcave; cranial spines relatively sharp and high; gill-rakersshort and thick Seba.'^tichthys, 3.ii. Suborbital stay and preopercle with a row of strong hookedspines; dorsal spines very strong and long. .Neosebastes, 4./(/(. Head and lateral line with many dermal filaments; preorbitalstay without enlarged spines ThysanicJithys, 5.ee. ScoRP.ENiN.E. Dorsal spines normally 12; vertebrae 10 + 14 = 24./. Bones of head scarcely cavernous; occiput witli two pairsof spines; scales ctenoid, or else provided with dermalflaps; some of the jjectoral rays branched.m. Scales on top of head ctenoid; cranium essentially as inSebastodes; the armature moderate, and no deeppits; palatine teeth present.n. Air bladder well developed Sebastiscus, 6.nn. Air bladder obsolete Helicolenu.^, 7.mm. Scales on top of head cycloid or wanting; no air blad-der; cranium irregular above, with many spines.0. Palatine teeth present Scor}}a;na, 8.00. Palatine teeth none Scorpfenopsis, 9.II. Bones of head with large muciferous cavities; scales cy-cloid; pectoral rays usually 20 or more, some of thembranched; head scaleless above; no groove at occiput;palatine teeth present; scales deciduous.p. Dorsal spines 12; interorbital space wide and con-vex; gill-rakers short and slender. .St'tarchea, 10. NO. 13S1. SCORPJENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND STARKS. 93jyp. Dorgal ?pines 11; interorbital space concave;gill-rakers slender, rather long; dorsal verydeeply notched Li/tJiric}i(hi/x, 11.dd. Pfrrolmr. Dorsal sjiines 12 or 13 in number, greatly produced, venom-ous; pectoral fins more or less elongate; top of head with spinouscrests; three anal spines; no palatine teeth. .q. Pectoral greatly elongate, all the rays simple,largely free at tips, and extending to or beyondthe caudal; no bony crests at the nape.Pterols, 12.qq. Pectoral moderately produced, the rays unitedby membrane nearly to the tips,r. Each side of occiput with an elevated bonycrest Ebosia, 13.cc. Apistin.e. Pectoral An elongate, its lowermost ray detached; chin with bar-bels; dorsal with 15 spines; anal spines, 3; ventral rays I, 5 .. Apistus, 14.hb. Body scaleless, sometimes with dermal flaps. .s. M1N01N.E. Dorsal spines, 10 or 11; the finundivided; pectoral moderate, with thelower ray free; ventral rays I, 5; analwith 2 slender spines; top of head withspinous crests.t. Dorsal spines stiff and sharp. . Minons, 15.tt. Dorsal spines slender and flexible.Decterias, 16.S6'. Dorsal spines 15 to 18 in number; headirregularly formed, with deep pits ordepressions above.u. Synancein^. Pectoral without freerays; body robust,r. Skin smooth; no pit on the cheekventrals I, 4 Erosa, 17.wi. Pelorin,e. Pectoral with the twolower rays almost free; first 3 spinesof dorsal separated; head depressed,fantastically formed.w. Pectoral fin without produced fila-ments above Jnimicu^^, 18.an. ApLOACTiNiE. Dorsal fin beginning farther forward, the first spinesinserted above the eye; the spines provided with venom glands;pectoral fin without free ra}'s; scales small or wanting.X. Ventral rays I, 5; preorbital witha strong spine; skin smooth.y. Mouth small; palatine teethpresent; dorsal fin with 1(5spines Ocosin, 19.yi/. Mouth large; palatine teethobsolete; dorsal fin withspines; no slit behind lastgill; chin without barl)els.Siiyderiuo, 20. .r.r. Ventral rays I, 2, to I, 4. z. Preorbital with a strongspine. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. a'. Skin with small scales, or almost naked; dorsal fin not notched; no barbels; noslit behind last gill; palatine teeth present; anal with 3 spines; ventral raysI, 4 Paraceutropogon, 21.a^n'. Skin scaleless, covered with velvety prickles; no barbels; no slit behind lastgill; palatine teeth absent; ventral rays I, 2, or I, 3.?. Dorsal fin nndivided ; anal with two spines Erisphex, 22.zz. Preorbital without spine;spinous dorsal deeplynotched, the first threespines separated ; no pala-tine teeth; no anal spine;ventral rays I, 2.Aploacils, 23.1. SEBASTOLOBUS Gill.SebasfoJohus Gill, Report, Smithsonian Institution, 1880, p. 375 {IS8'[) , [macrochir) . Pectorals with a wide base, produced backward near the upper mar-gin and not medially, lower rays thickened, extending much be3"ondrays next above in a linguiform lobe; ventrals directly under axils ofpectorals, with the outer rays produced, thick, branched; anal III, 5;vertebrae 11+18= 29; otherwise as in Sehcistes. Pacific Ocean in deepwater.{(Te/SaG'Tog, Sehastes; XofSog, lobe.) I. SEBASTOLOBUS MACROCHIR (GUnther).BALA MENUKE (THORNY POP-EYES).Sehastes macrochir Ctunther, Shore fishes Challenger, 1880, p. 65, pi. xxvii; offEnoshima in 345 fathoms.Sebastolobus macrochir Jordan and Evermann, Fish. North and Middle Am., II,1898, p. 1763.Head 2^ in length; depth 3i. D. XV, 6; A. Ill, 5; P. 22 (V). Lat.line, about 45. Scales rather regular. Eye very large, much longerthan snout, 3 in head. Mouth wide, maxillary reaching beyond middleof eye. Teeth on mandibles, vomer, and palatines in very narrowbands, those on premaxillaries in somewhat broader l)ands. Interor-bital space llattish, narrow, scaleless, about 2^ in orbit. Occipitalregion flat, with some rudimentar}" scales. Preocular, supraocular,postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchal spines present. Interor-bital stay with strong spines. Preopercle with 5 pointed spines. Eachramus of mandible with 3 large pores. Dorsal spines rather feeble,third to sixth longest, 2^ in head. Anal spines stronger, but shorterthan longest dorsal spines. Caudal truncate. Pectoral extremelybroad, 5 or 6 lower rays elongated beyond those above them, theirextremities somewhat thickened, and used like the similar outer ven-tral rays, as an organ of locomotion. Pectorals reaching vent, ventralsbeyond vent. Red, a large black spot on posterior half of spinousdorsal, another between anal spines. Length about a foot. NO. 1351. SCORPuENOID FISHES OF JAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 95Coast of Japan at moderate depths; often taken on the long lines(da))onawa) at 200 to 400 fathoms. Our specimens from Miyako andMisaki, and Nemuro in Hokkaido. It was also dredged by the U. S.Fish Commission steamer A/hafross in Station 3697, off ManazuraPoint, Sagami Bay, in 265 to 120 fathoms, these figures representingthe depths at the beginning and end of the dredge-haul.(yUrt'/cpoV, long; X^^Pi hand.)2. SEBASTODES Gill.ROCK-FISHES. Schastodes Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 165 (paudspinu).Sebdnlosomus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 147 {mrlanopK).AcKfomcnfuni Euienmann and Beeson, American Naturalist, 1893, p. 669 (ovalis).Frimoi^pina Eigenmann and Beeson, American Naturalist, 1893, p. 669 (mifstinus).Rosicofit Jordan and Evermann, Check-List Fishes North and Middle Amer.,1896, p. 429 ipinniger).Eosebastcs JORDAji and Evermann, Check-List Fishes North and Middle Amer.,1896, p. 430 {aurora).Emmclas JORDA^i and Evermann, Fish. N. and M. Am., 1898, p. 1777 (glaums).Body and head somewhat compressed; head large, 2f to 3f in lengthof liody ; depth 2i to 3f in length of body ; mouth moderate or large,with the jaws equal or the lower more or less projecting; the max-illary reaching middle of eye or bej^ond, sometimes be3'ond posterioredge of orbit, its length from If to 3 in head; teeth in villiformbands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Head more or less evenlyscaled, without dermal flaps; interorbital space broad, convex, widen-ing markedly with age; base of skull strongly curved; cranial ridgesmore or less developed, one or more of the following pairs alwaj'spresent, usually ending in spines: Prcocular, supraocular, postocular,tympanic, coronal, parietal, and nuchal. Five preopercular and 2opercular spines; 1 to 3 spines on the suprascapula. Suborbital staymoderate, usually not reaching preopercle. Gill rakers always longand slender. Scales moderate or small, mostl}^ ctenoid, 35 to 100transverse series. Dorsal fin continuous, emarginate, its formulaXHI, 12 to 16, the number of spines rarel}' 14, never 12; anal fin III,6 to y. Pectorals well developed, the base broad or narrow, the lowerraA^s undivided. Caudal slightly rounded, truncate, or slightly forked;soft parts of vertical fins more or less scaly. Pyloric ca^ca 6 to 11.Vertebriv 12 + 15. Species of varied, often brilliant colors, mostlyred. Sexes colored alike. Air bladder present in all species .so faras known. The group inhabits the two shores of the northern PacificOcean; some of the species are extremel}^ localized; exceedinglj-abundant in rocky places along the west coast of the United States and .lapan. They seem to disappear rather abruptly to the southward onboth coasts; the number of species dwindles northward; none are Arctic 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.and none tropical, the bulk of the group inhabiting temperate waters.The vertical range of most of the species is rather limited; some livein and near tide water, and a few species have been taken at a depthof 1,600 feet. All are ovoviviparous, bringing forth great numbersof young, which are nearly one-half inch in length when born. Thespecies differ greatly in form and armature, and in the extension ofthe bones of the cranium, but the genera based on these differencesintergrade too closely to admit of definition, notwithstanding thegreat differences which appear on comparison of extreme forms.{sebastes, sidaog^ resemblance; Sebast&s is from ffeftocarog^ magnifi-cent.) a. Emmelas. Dorsal spines 14; skull thick, with small spines; eolor dull brownish;peritoneum black glaucus, 2.aa. Dorsal spines always 13.b. Cranial ridges, except parietal, all obsolete, or very slightly develoi^ed ; lowerjaw much projecting. c. Scales moderate, 40 to 55 pores in lateral line. Parietal bones usually meeting.d. Pkimospina. Peritoneum black; lower jaw projecting with a symphysealknob; anal rays III, 7. e. Body moderately elongate, compressed; the depth 3 to 3^ in length./. Tubes in lateral line 45; mandible naked; maxillary scaly, 2i in head.Color warm brown, shaded and mottled with darker; all the fins,except pectoral and caudal, distally black tnczanowsku, 3.ff. Tubes in lateral line, 54; mandible scaled; maxillary scaled, 2^^ inhead; pectorals scarcely reaching vent; color creamy brown; lateralline in a pale streak; opercle with a black blotch itinus, 4.ee. Body ovate, compressed, the depth 2| in length; scales large, 30 poresin lateral line; mandible not scaled; maxillary scaly, reaching pos-terior border of eye; pectorals reaching front of anal. Color creamyolive green, orange-tinged below; orange streaks about eye; back in apale streak; clouded with dusky; lateral line a dark, opercular l)lotch;fins blackish edged steindacJineri, 5.dd. Sebastosomus. Peritoneum white, color blackish or bronze-greenish. ff. Anal rays III, 8./(. Pores of lateral line 50; mouth moderate, the maxillary 2J in head;eye 3^ in head; pectoral reaching tips of ventrals; not to front ofanal; color blackish with dark cross-bands; fins all black; depth2| in length guntheri, 6.hli. Pores of lateral line 45; mouth larger, the maxillary 2\ in head;eye 3 in head; pectoral reaching front of anal; color dull brassygreen; maxillary usually with a dark stripe; depth 2f inlengthc incrmis, 7.gg. Anal rays III, 7; pores 45; body slender; the depth 2f in length;pectoral very long, reaching beyond ventrals to front of anal;mouth moderate; eye 3 in head. Color dusky, white below; finsedged with dusky, the pectorals colorless toMonis, 8.hh. Cranial ridges somewhat developed, most of them present and ending in aslender spine; lower jaw projecting; parietals usually not meeting.i. AcuTOMENTUM. Lower jaw much i>rojecting, with a sjnnphj'sealknob.j. Second anal spines not nuich if any longer than third. NO. 1351. SCORP.^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 97 k. Peritoneum white. Scales small, about 48 pores in laterallines; depth 2? in length; pectorals about as long as head,about reaching anal ; maxillary not reaching middle of eye.Color red, with 5 blackish cross-bands jojineri, 9.kk. Peritoneum black; scales large, the pores about 30; colordeep red, inside of gill cavity black./. Teeth in narrow bands on jaws and on palatines; jawsscaly.m. Pectoral reaching base of third anal spine; ventrals reach-ing vent; a dusky shade on opercle matsubarn; 10.7iim. Pectoral not reaching anal fin; ventrals not to vent, adusky spot on side of body iracundus, 11.//. Teeth in single series on sides of jaws and on palatines;maxillary 2^ in head; pectoral reaching front of anal.flammeus, 12.jj. Second anal spine longer than third; scales large, 28 pores inlateral line; depth 2j in length, pectorals shorter than head;maxillary reaching just past middle of eye. Peritoneumdusky. Color red, with brownish clouds or cross shades.sojtJiropns, 13.ii. RosicoLA. Lower jaw little projecting; scales not large; maxil-lary reaching hinder margin of orbit.n. Supraocular spine wanting; nasal, preocular, post-ocular, tympanic and parietal spines present; jawsscaleless; pectoral about 1^ in head. Color dusky,with irregular darker cross blotches and spots; finsbroadly edged with blackish; dark shades acrosscheeks; pores about 46 (60 to 70 series of scalesabove lateral line ) .fuscescens, 14. 2. SEBASTODES GLAUCUS (Hilgendorf.)Sebastes glaucus Hilgendorf, S. B. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 1880, p. 170; Yezo.Sebastodes glaucus Jordan And Gilbert, Kept. V. S. Fur Seal Conim., Ill, 1898,p. 447; Bering Island. ? Jordan and Evermann, Fish. North and MiddleAmer., II, 1898, p. 1777; Bering Island.Head 3^ in length; depth 2f ; eye -tf in head, 11 in snout; interor-bital width 3f in head. D., XIV, 16; A., HI, 8. Lateral line with 56pores. Highest dorsal spine 2.^ in head, thirteenth spine -If, four-teenth spine 3|; second anal spine 3|, third anal spine 31, longest softray of dorsal lj%. Crown and occiput very broad, more convexlyarched than in any other species known to us. Nasal spines low, butstrong. Ocular ridge low, evident onlv above front of eye; occipitalridges barely evident, evenly scaled over; top of head otherwise with-out spines, ridges, or furrows, the even convex curve unbroken. Ver-tical distance from niiddh^ of intiM-orbital space to upper edge of orbitequaling one-half vertical diameter of or])it. Anterior margin ofpreorbital with 2 rounded lobes which do not Ix^ar spinous points;preopercular spines very strong, the upper 2 closely aiiproximate, theothers widely separated, all the spines sharp point(>(l, the ui)permostvery wide at base, the second much narrower, the others short andProc. N. M. vol. xxvii?03 T 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.wide; upper 2 spines directed backward, the 3 lower downward andbackward; opercular spines strong, flat, often bifid ortritid; spines onadjacent angles of subopercle and interopercle sometimes bifid ; behindthese on margin of subopercle a few short spinous points. Gill rakersvery long and slender, 11 + 29 in number, the anterior 1 or 2 of lowerarch tubercular, the longest (22 mm.) more than two-thirds diameterof orbit. Mandible very heavy, the symphysis not produced, the 2jaws subequal. Vomerine and palatine patches of teeth extremelynarrow. Fins high, the third to seventh dorsal spines subequal; caudalvery slightly emarginate; anal spines graduated; pectorals scarcelyreaching vertical from vent, the lower 9 simple, the 10 upper forked;ventral not reaching vent, two-thirds length of head. Caudal scaledto tip on membranes and rays; soft dorsal and anal with narrow bandsof scales following the rays to or nearly to their tips, the membranesof the first 3 or 4 rays in each fin wholly scaled on basal third; spinousdorsal naked; pectorals scaled on basal half; ventrals naked; head, themaxillary and mandible, the branchiostegal raN's, the anterior andupper half of interopercle, and all of preorbital except a minute areaalong its posterior margin, naked. The body is covered with smallAveakly ctenoid scales, largely covered over by the extraordinarilydeveloped accessory scales; scales on breast; belly, and prepectoralarea smooth. The naked skin covering bones of head is minutelywrinkled or papillose. Color in spirits, light brownish on body andfins, with darker shades on lips, gill membranes, opercles, and top ofhead; it may have been reddish in life; mouth and gill cavity white;peritoneum jet-black. Here described, after Jordan and Gilbert, fromone specimen 49 cm. long, from Bering Island. The identification ismade with some doubt, owing to lack of any detailed description of thetype, a dried specimen from Yezo, and to some minor discrepanciesbetween the two. Our specimen has 56 (not 49) tubes in the lateralline, the nasal spine is small but not properl}" to be called rudimentary,the dorsal notch seems somewhat deeper, and the second anal spinesomewhat shorter. North Pacific; two specimens known, the one fromHokkaido, in the museum of Berlin, the other from Bering Island, inthe United States National Museum.{yXavKOs, hoary blue.) 3. SEBASTODES TACZANOWSKII (Steindachner).Sehastodes taczanowskii Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1880, p. 256, pi.II, fig. 1 (dorsal XIV, 13); Bays of the Gulf of Strielok, near Vladivostok,Japan Sea. ? Jordan and Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fur Seal Comui., Ill, 1898;Shana Bay, Iturup Island. ? Jordan and Evermann, Fishes N. M. Amer., II,1898, p. 1831; after Steindachner and Jordan and Gilbert.Head 2f in length; depth 3. Dorsal XIII, 13; anal III, T. Tubesof lateral line 45. Body not much elevated. Mouth moderate; maxil-lary nearly reaching vertical from posterior edge of pupil, 2^ in head. NO. 1351. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 99I^ower jaw projecting. Tcoth in rather narrow bands, developed in a .slight knob at tij) of lower jaw. Eye a little longer than snout, 3f inhead. Intcrorbital space rathei- wide and slightl}' convex, its widthscarcelj' less than diameter of eye. Nasal and prcocular spines present,supraocular ridge very slightly developed, sometimes ending in a tinyspine on one or both sides, usually absent. Crown and occiput evenlyconvex, and without spines or ridges. Preopercular spines divei'ging,the lowest pointing downward, the highest backward. Preorbital with2 rounded lobes, no spines. Gill rakers long and slender, the long-est, half the diameter of the eye. Caudal truncate or very slightlyemarginate.Scales rough ctenoid. Maxillary and proorbital with tiny embeddedscales. Mandible naked.Color warm brown above and on sides, paler brown below; obscureshadings of darker brown on upper part of sides; many scales withbasal or central area darker; opercles with a dusk}' shade; no darkstreaks on head; tins brown, all except the pectorals and caudal becom-ing distinctly black on distal portion; lining of buccal and gill cavitieswhite, but with a narro'v^ dark streak along each side of floor ofmouth anteriorl}'; peritoneum brownish black, uniformly and denselypigmented.This species, a near ally of the Aleutian Sebastodes dUatus and of theAmerican S. mystinus, is very abundant in northern Japan. Ourmany specimens are from Otaru, Mororan, Iwanai, Aomori, and Same.(Named for Professor Taczanowsky). 4. SEBASTODES ITINUS Jordan and Starks, new species.YANAGI-NO-jVIAI (MAID OF THE WILLOWS).Head 3|^ in length; depth 8i; e3^e -I- in head; snout 4; maxillarv 21^0;intcrorbital i. Dorsal XIV, 13; anal 111, 7; pores of lateral line, 54.Mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching a little past posteriormargin of pupil. Lower jaw strongly projecting. Symphyseal knol)prominent. Teeth coarse and sharp, in narrow bands on jaws, vomerand palatines. A knob of teeth developed on front of mandible,whichshuts outside of maxillary teeth. Intcrorbital e\enly convex, thesuperorl)ital rim not raised. Nasal spines very small, but sharp.Prcocular s})ines represented by very blind, incon.spieuous lobes; otherspines absent. Occipital I'idges scaled ovei- and scarcely discernible.Edg(> of preor})ital slightly scalloped, but without spines. Preopercu-lar spines evenly spaced, th(> next to the uppermost the largest, thetwo lowest directed downward. Gill rakers very slender, the longestf eye, 26 on outer limb of arch.Pectoral rays 11), the lower 1(> unbranched. They reach slightlypast tips of ventrals, but scarcely to vent. Dorsals low. tlie longerspines equal to the anterior or longest rays. The longest spine 2^ in 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.head, the next to the last f eye; the last equals eye. When fin isdepressed, the next to the last spine reaches along the basal third ofthe last. Tips of last dorsal rays reach to within half the diameter ofthe eye of the base of upper axillary caudal rays. Second anal spinenot nearly so long as third, its length equal to eye. First spine one-third eye. Caudal concave.Scales strongly ctenoid on body and top of head, less strongly- oncheeks. Fine scales on mandible, preorbital, and maxillary. Pec-toral, ventrals, soft dorsals, and caudal, with fine scales nearly to tipsof rays, basal half of anal with scales. Peritoneum black.Color creamy brown; top of head and upper part of sides clouded Fig. 1.?Sebastodes itintjs.with dusky; lateral line running in a conspicuous light streak. Upperpart of opercles with a black spot.This species is known from a single example taken at Hakodate, 27cm. in length. It much resembles the "Willow-maiden," Sebastodesxfelndaclineri., differing from it in having smaller scales, a more slenderbody, a smaller mouth, scales on mandible, and man}- minor characters.It is an ally of Sehastodes entoinelas.Type.?No. Y368, Ichthyological collections, Leland Stanford JuniorUniversity Museum.(irsivog.^ of the willow, in allusion to the common name Yanagi-no-mai.) 5. SEBASTODES. STEINDACHNERI (Hilgendorf) . AKA SOI (RED ROCK-FISH); YANAGI-NO-MAI (WILLO\V-MAIDEN).Sebasies steindachneri Hilgendorf, S. B. Ges. Natur. Freunde, Berlin, 1880, p. ?172, with plate; Yezo. ? J(jrdan and Evermann, Fish. N. M. Am., II,1898; p. 1880, copied.Head 2f in length; depth ^f. Dorsal XIH, 14; anal HI, 7. Eye 4in head; snout 4; interorbital 4^. Lateral line with 30 pores.Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to posterior edge of orbit.Lower jaw strongly projecting, a knob de\'eloped at symphysis. Teeth NO. 13M. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STAllKS. 1 01rather coarse, in narrow bands, developed in a knob at front of man-dible. Intor<)rl)ital space sliohtly and evenly convex, superor])italrim not raised. No spines on head except nasal. Ridges absentexcept at occiput, Avhere they are but very sliohtly evident. Spinesof preopercle all pointing' backward, the next to the upper one thelargest, Freorbital with iJ obtuse spines. Gill rakers long and slender,three-fifths in diameter of eye.Pectoral rather l)road and rounded, reaching past tips of ventrals tovent or to front of anal; 18 ra3^s, the lower 9 unbranched. Ventralsnot reaching vent; ventral spine three-fifths of length of soft rays.Doi'sal spines rather low, a little lower than soft rays; the fourth toeighth subequal, 2| in head, next to last spine 3^; last spine 3; Avhentin is declined, the next to last spine reaches about two-thirds the dis-tance to tip of last spine. Dorsal rays reach well past tips of anal rays(when fins are declined) and nearly to base of auxiliary caudal rays.Caudal slightly concave. Second anal spine stouter and as long or alittle longer than third, length 2^ to "2^ in head; first spine 5 in head,scarcely reaching to middle of second. Scales CA'er^'where stronglyctenoid; mandible naked; maxillary and pre^rbital with fine scales.Peritoneum black.Color of fresh specimen: Light olive green, verging on goldenbelow and orange-tinged on breast. ' Dull orange stripes radiate fromeye. -laws fleshy pink, the lips golden, the maxillary with a yellowstreak. Dark olive clouds on body, the lateial line pink. Dorsalclouded olive, pinkish at tip with blackish edging. Pectoral pink,yellow olive at base. Ventral yellow olive with pink on first raysand l)lackish at tip. Anal spines pink, the rays bright yellow olive.Caudal bright olive, pinkish above and below. In the preservedspecimens the color has almost entirely disappeared; the l)ack isclouded with dusk}'; the opercular spot is conspicuous, but withblended edges, and the lateral line is in a conspicuous light streak cut-ting through th<^ dusky pigment of black,Wq identify our specimens with those of Dr, Hilgeudorf, withsome doubt, Hilgendorf describes orbit 3^ in head, three-fourths insnout (4 in head in our specimens, and equal to snout). The ocularand tympanic spines rudimentar>' (entirely absent in our specimens),and mandible and preorbital naked (preorbital with scales in our speci-mens). Hen^ d(>scrib(Hl from two specimens 2(> and 24 cm. in l(Migth.This ver}' handsome species, known as Yanagi-no-mai ov willow-maiden, is rather rare in the markets of Japan. Our two specimensare from Hakodate. This species very nuich resembles Srlmstodrsordllx of California, having, however, larger scales. Its black perito-neum, long gill rakers and smooth head show its relationship to SrJxis-tix/, N idczunixruVi and Sclxisfodrs (jfanctis.(Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner.) 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII. 6. SEBASTODES GUNTHERI Jordan and Starks, new species.Plead 3i in length; depth 2f. Dorsal Xlll, 14; aual 111, 8. Poresof lateral line, 50; IT scales in a vertical series running upward andbackward between anal spine and lateral line; 12 between lateral lineand last dorsal spines; mouth not large, the maxillary reaching a littlepast a vertical line passing through middle of pupil 2| in head; chinstrongly projecting and entering into profile of head, its lip with aknob of teeth; teeth in narrow bands; orbit longer than snout?3i inhead. Interorbital convex, of moderate width, almost equal to diam-eter of eye. Ridges of head low and ending in small but sharp spines.Nasal, preocular, supraocular, and parietal spines present. Preoper-cular spines all directed backward, the upper one very small, the next Fig. 2.?Sebastodes gxJntheri.b}^ far the largest. Gill rakers slender, the largest slighth' exceedinghalf the diameter of eye, 26 on anterior limb of arch.Pectoral reaching to tips of ventrals, or scarcely to front of anal.Ventrals rather long, ventral spine reaching two-thirds of length oflongest rays. Anal not nearly reaching to base of auxilary caudalrays when depressed. Second anal spine stronger and a little shorterthan third?2i times longer than first. Dorsal spines moderate, thefourth 2 in head, the last two-fifths longer than the one preceding it.Soft dorsal rays about equal to spines in length. Peritoneum white.Color black on back and gides, dusky silvery below. Sides with 4broken irregular cross-bars. Fins all black.Here described from the type, from Wakanoura, Ti inches in length.This species is closely related to Sebastodes inermis^ diftering fromit in having smaller scales and eye, shorter maxillary, wider interorbitaland longer ventral spine, as compared with ventral rays. N0.1351. SCORPjENOID fishes of japan?JORDANand STARKS. 103Other specimens were taken at Misaki, Wakanoura, and Hakodate.Type.?No. THTii, Ichthyolot^ieal colloctions, Leland Stanford l"ni-versity Juidor Museum. Cotypes are No. 5090-1, LJ.S.N.M.(Named for Albert Giinther.) 7. SEBASTODES INERMIS ( Cuvler and Valenciennes).KURO-SOI (BLACK ROCK-FISII). Sebastodeti inenniti CvwER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 346;Japan. ? Gunthek, Cat., II, 1860, p. 97. ? Hilgendokf, Sitzuugb. Bericht.Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1880, p. 172.?SxEiNDACHNERand Doderlein,Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 205; Tokyo. ? Jordan and Evermann, Fish. N. M.Jim., II, 1898, p. 1829 (after Steindachner).Sehastes ventricosus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 48, pi. xx, figs. 1, 2;Nagasaki.^ ? Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen., XXVI, p. 80; Nagasaki. ? Gunther,Cat. Fisb, II, 1860, p. 87.?Nystrom, Kong. ver. HandL, 1887, p. 20; Nagasaki.Sehastodes ventricosus JORDA's and Evermann, Fish. N. M. Am., II, 1898, p. 1829(copied).Sebastodes fuscescens Jordan and 8nydek, Proc. IT. 8. Nat. Mas., 1900, pp. 745-756;Tsushima (not of Houttuyn).Head 2| in length; depth 2f . Dorsal XllI, 14; anal IH, 8. Poresof lateral line 43; 14 scales in series, running upward and slightlybackward, between anal spines and lateral line, between last dorsalspines and lateral line.Body deepest at first dorsal spines. Head pointed. Tip of lowerjaw strongly projecting and entering into upper profile. Mouthmoderate, maxillary nearly reaching vertical from posterior edge ofpupil; 2^ in head. Teeth in narrow bands, developed in a knol> attip of lower jaAv. Or})it much longer than snout, 3 in head. Inter-orbital convex, rather narrow, two-thirds of diameter of orbit.Ridges on head low and little developed, ending in small, sharpspines lying close against the skin; nasal, preocular, supraocular, andparietal spines present. Two spines on shoulder and 2 on opercle.Preopercle spines all directed })ackward, Preorbital with 2 spinesdirected downward and backward. Gill rakers long and slender, thelongest a little less than half orbit; 24 on anterior limb of arch.Pectoral 1^ in head, reaching to tips of long ventrals, nearly toabove front of anal. Ventrals long and slender, the spine reachinglittle more than halfway to tip of first ray. Anal, when depressed,leaching to, or nearly to, auxiliary caudal rays, the third s))ine a littlelonger and weaker than second; the first half length of second. Dor-sal spines moderate, the fourth about 2 in head; the last one-thirdlonger than the one preceding it, which scarcely reaches the middleof last when fin is depressed. Soft dorsal rays as long or longer thanthe spine. Peritoneum white. Color. l)rassy green, pale or dusky.Maxillar}' usually with a strijie.Here described from specimens from Tokyo, 20 to 23 cm. in length. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII.This species is very abundant in southern Japan, b}' far the mostcommon representative of the genus. It is the only one often seenin the markets of Nagasaki and it is abundant even so far north asTokvo. It is well figured by Schlegel as Sebastes ventricosus. Ourspecimens are from Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima,Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, and Tsushima.The nearest American ally of this species is Sebastodes JlaA)idm.{inennis^ unarmed.) ? 8. SEBASTODES TOKIONIS Jordan and Starks, new species.Head 2| in length; depth 2|. Dorsal XIII, 14; anal III, T. Poresof lateral line 4.5; 14 scales in a series, running upward and back-ward between anal spines and hiteral line; 9 between hiteral line andposterior dorsal spines.Mouth moderate, maxillary extending to below middle of eye, tipof lower jaw strongly projecting and entering into upper profile of W^ FlO. 3. ? SEBASTODKS TOKIONIS.head. Teeth in narrow })ands, developed in a knob at tip of mandible.Eye large, its diameter 3 in head. Interorbital slightly convex, three-fourths diameter of eye. Ridges of head low; nasal, preocular,supraocular, and parietal present. Preorbital with two spines, theanterior one triangular, the posterior one rather sharp and directeddownward and backward. Gill rakers slender, two-fifths of eye, 26on anterior limV) of arch.Pectoral long and slender, reaching well past tips of ventrals toabove front of anal. Ventral spine three-fifths the length of soft rays.Ventrals not reaching to anal. Dorsal spines not high, equal to heightof soft rays, the fourth spine 2i in head. Anal scarcely reaching toauxiliary caudal rays when depressed, the third spine a little longerand more slender than the second. Peritoneum white. NO. VM . SCORP.ENOID FISHES OF JAPAN?JORDAN AND STA RKS. 105Color silvery below, dusky on })ack. Dorsals, anal, and tips ofV(Mitruls dusky; pectoral colorless.This species is known to us from numerous specimens taken atTokyo, Wakanoura. Tsuruga, and Misaki. It is very close to Sehas-todes inermis^ difl'ering- in the longer pectoral, more slender form, andlonger ventral spines. Here described from the type from Misaki.Ty^x'.?^o. 736H, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stanford -JuniorUniversity Museum. Cotypes, No. 5090.5, U.S.N.M.(Tokyo, at the capital.) 9. SEBASTODES JOYNERI (Giinther).TOKENOKO MEBARU (BAMBOO-SPROUT R()CK-FTSH).?Sehastes joyneri Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1878, p. 485; Japan;Challenger Report, Shore Fishes, 1880, p. 64, pi. xxix, fig. A.Sehastodes joyneri Jordan and Evermann, Fish N. M. Am., II, 1898, p. 1829, afterDoderlein. ? Jordan and Snyder, Check List, 1901.Sebastes inermis Hilgexdorf, S. B. Gesell. Naturf. Frennde, Berlin, 1880, p. 172,with plate. ? Steindachner and Doderlein, Denkseh. Akad. Wiss. Wien,1884, J). 206 (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes).Head 3 to 3i; depth 2f ; D. XIH, 14 or 15; A. IH, 7; P. 16 (10-6);lateral line 45 to -tO (pores); orbit 3; snout -li; interorl)ital width, flat,unbroken by ridges, 4 in head. Mouth moderate, oblique; projectinglower jaw with symphyseal knob. Teeth delicate, sharp, in narrowbands, tip of mandible developed in a knob, which tits in a notch inupper jaw and projects above maxillary teeth. Maxillary not quitereaching middle of eye. Preorbital broad, with 2 strong spinesdirected downward and backward. First (uppermost) spine of pre-opercle a little weaker than the fifth; second longest, the othersdecreasing rapidly in length. Opercular spines parallel, the upperstronger. Maxillary, under side of lower jaw. Preorbital and greaterpart of snout (nearly whole head except lips) scaled. Pores of lowerjaw inconspicuous. Ridges of head very low, ending in acute spines.Nasal preocular, supraocular, and occipitul spiiuvs present. Gilli-akers, half eye in length, 25 on anterior liml) of arch. Fourth tosixth dorsal spines longest, 2^ in head; second anal spine stronger buteipial to third in length, 2=V in head. Pectoral somewhat pointedtoward tip, as long as or only a little shorter than head, reachingbeyond vent or even to origin of anal. Ventral and caudal l.V in head,the latter slightly concave; basal half of spinous dorsal with minutescales; whole of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal completelj' scaled.Color in life (Doderlein), red, darker on the l)ack; 5 blackish crossbands running upon dorsal fin and ending below (except second andthii'd) at lateral line; last 2 bands short, rounded; the longest 2. mid-dle bands somewhat interrupted, each sometimes forming 2 spots. "This fish is re))nti'd dclicions when boiled with hainboo sprouts. 106 PROCEEDTNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvn.Peritoneum white. Here described from a specimen 9 inches in lengthfrom Tokyo.This handsome species is known to us by several specimens fromAomori, Miyako, and Tokyo. It is rather rare, livino- in water ofsome depth, its nearest American ally being- S{^)aRt(>de^ ,pronger . (Named for Mr. Joyner, who collected for the British Museum inJapan.) 10. SEBASTODES MATSUBAR^E ^Hilgendo^f).SebaMes matsubane Hilgendokf,? Sitzb. Gesell. Naturf., Freunde, 1880, p. 170;Hondo.SebaModes matsuhdnv Jordan and Evermann, Fish. N. M. Anier., II, 1898, p.1833, after Hilgendorf.Head 2f in length; depth 2i. Dorsal XHI, 13; anal HI, 7. Pores oflateral line 32. Eye 2f in head; maxillar}^ 2^. Interorbital width If.Lower jaw slightly projecting. Symphyseal knob prominent.Teeth fine and sharp, in very narrow bands, developed in a knob attip of mandible which fits in a notch in premaxillaries. Maxillaryreaching to below middle of e3'e. Snout two-thirds eye, interor-bital rather wide, three-fifths the diameter of eye, deeply concave, thesupraorbital edges not abruptly raised as ridges; along its middle area pair of weak ridges with a shallow rather wide channel betweenthem. Cranial ridges scarcely developed except parietal ridges, whichare very high and sharp. Cranial spines moderate in size and sharp.Preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietj>l, and nuchalspines present. Preorbital with an anterior broad rounded lobe and2 spines. Preopercle spines sharp and the 2 upper ones rather slender;the lowest are directed downward, the next 2 downward and backward,and the 2 uppermost backward. Two opercular spines, the upper onelong, sharp, and slender. Gill rakers long and slender, one-third eye,22 on anterior limb of arch.Pectoral rather slender, reaching to above base of third anal spine;number of rays 19, the lower 10 simple and not much thickened. Ven-trals covering A^ent, not reaching anal. Fifth dorsal spine equal tolength of soft dorsal rays, which are equal or very slightly exceeddiameter of orbit. Next to the last dorsal spine li in head; last 3^.Second anal spine stronger, slightly shorter and more curved thanthird, its length 2| in head; first spine half as long. Caudal slightlyconcave.Scales strongly ctenoid. Mandible, preorbital, and maxillary withtine scales. Fine scales cover soft fin rays nearly to their tips. Peri-toneum jet black, inside of gill covers dusky. ? The specimens from the Aleutian Islands in Pallas' s collection (No. 8145, Mus.Berlin) referred by Dr. Hilgendorf to S. matsnharn', belong to Scbastodes (tJciitimmsJordan and Gilbert, an allied species with smaller scales and lower spines. N0.1351. SCORPJ'JNOTD FTSHES OF JAPAN -JORDAN AND STARKS. 1()7Color ill life bright red; in spirits colorless or flesh color; the finswithout Miarkino-.s; the upper })art of opercle shows traces of a difl'use(luskv blotch.This species is known to us only from specimen ii8 cm. in lengthtaken with the long lines at Misaki. It is an ally of SrhasfichtJiys(Named for Shinnosuke Matsubara, director of the Imperial Fish-eries Institut(> in Tokyo.) II. SEBASTODES IRACUNDUS Jordan and Starks, new species.Head 2| in length; depth 2|. Dorsal XIII, 13; anal III, 8. Poresof lateral line 80. Eye 8| in head; maxillary 2i; interorbital width 5.Snout blunt. Lower jaw projecting and with a large symph^'sealknob. ]\Iouth large; maxillary not quite reaching to below posteinor Fk;. 4.?SEBASTODES IRACUNDUS. orbital rim. Teeth rather sharp, set in narrow bands at sides of jaws,and becoming much wider anteriorly; tip of mandible with a smallknob of teeth which tits in a notch in premaxillaries; vomer with anarrow V-shaped patch; palatines with a short narrow patch. Cranialspines without ridges except at occiput, where they are sharp, but ratherlow. Spines very slender, but sharp. Nasal, preocular, postocular,tympanic, parietal, and (on one side) nuchal spines present. Pre-or])ital Avith ? lobes, the anterior one broadly rounded, the other 2aiigulated, but without spines. The 3 upper prco])(M-cular spines i-losertogether than the others; the next to the uppiM-most the largest; alldirected backward. The 2 lower ones directed downward and back-ward, dill rakers two-fifths diameter of orbit; 21 on anterior limb ofarcli.Pectoral reaching just past vent, but not to anal fin; its lower J> raysshnple, 11 branched rays. Ventrals not reaching to vent by a distance 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.equal to three-fourths diameter of eye. Fifth dorsal spine 3i in head;not as Vmg as the lonj>-est soft ra^^s; twelfth spine 5^ in head; thirteenth4|. Third anal spine longer and much slenderer than second, ?>^ inhead; second 4; tirst barely half second. Caudal probably concave.Scales rout>h ctenoid. Head entirely scaled to tip of snout, smallscales on branchiosteo-al rays, isthmus, and h^-oid l)ones aliove branchi-ostegals. Small scales on lower two-thirds of spinous dorsal, on three-fourths of pectoral, on ventrals including- ventral spine, and on basalhalf of anal, soft dorsal, and caudal. Peritoneum duskj", inside of gillcovers black.Color bright red; in spirits colorless, with no markings except a jet-black spot just above lateral line below the base of the sixth or seventhdorsal spine, its diameter on one side about half that of eye, on theother side about a fourth this size.The t3'pe is a large specimen 55 cm. in length, numbered l^Tlt),Ichthyological Collections Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.This species is known from this specimen, taken at Kushiro inHokkaido, and presented to us by Professor Mitsukuri.It is neare'r Sebastodes alutus and Sehastodes aleutimiits than to anyother of the American species.{'iracuvdi/s, red with wrath.)12. SEBASTODES FLAMMEUS" Jordan and Starks, new species.Head 2f in length; depth 3i. Dorsal XIII, U; anal III, S. P:ye 3|in head; maxillary 2^; interorbital width -If.Body not much elevated. Lower jaw strongly projecting and witha large knob at symph3'sis. Teeth shai'p and curved, set in a singleirregular row at sides of lower jaw, in a narrow band at front, and ina large knob at tip which shuts entirelj" outside of premaxillaries;premaxillaries with wide toothless space at front, a narrow band ofteeth at sides, which grows slightly under anteriorly, and inside ofother teeth on each side of toothless area is a conspicuous knol) oflarge curved teeth pointing irregularly but inward. Vomerine teethin a narrow^ })and; palatine teeth in a single row. Maxillary reachingto below posterior margin of pupil. Interorbital space flat with 2median ridges, between which is a shallow rather narrow channel.Cranial spines small and except occiput not preceded by ridges.Preocular, supraocular, postocular (on one side), tympanic, andparietal spines present; the last preceded by ver}" sharp moderatelyhigh ridges. Preorbital with 3 lobes without spines. Preoperclespines sharp and slender, the upper 3 directed backward. Gill rakerslong and slender, the longest two-hfths diameter of eye, 21 on anteriorlimb of arch.Pectoral long and slender, reaching to front of anal, number of ? See illustration on p. 1 75. NO. 1351. SCORPMNOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STAKKS. 109rays li>, the lower ac'kward; thelower 2 project downward and backward; a sul)opercular and an inter-opercular spine closely approximated; 2 large, flat, acute spines onupper part of opercle; 2 small, humeral spines. Head, conq)letelyscaled; lower jaw, maxillary, and preor])ital area with very small scales;dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventral tins with small scales extending almostto tips of spines and rays; pectorals less exttMisively scaled; all thescales except those on fins and branchio4egals ctenoid. First dorsal 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.spine shortest; equal in length to width of interorbital space; secondequal in length to ninth and tenth; third to sixth twice as long- as iirst;interspinal meni))ranes deepl^v incised. Longest dorsal rays as long asthird spine. First anal spine a little less than half as long as second,somewhat more than half as long as third; second spine strong. Edgeof caudal concave; 8 lowermost rays of pectoral simple; uppermostsimple ray. in middle of fin, longest, extending to a vertical throughinsertion of anal. Ventrals extending to vent. Color, in alcohol, lightred, w^ith brownish, cloud-like blotches of irregular shape, a blotchequal in width to half the diameter of orbit extending from insertionof dorsal downward to lower edge of interopercle, the brownish colordarker on upper part of opercle; a patch of dark color on upper medianpart of body, spreading over posterior two-thirds of spinous dorsal,extending posteriorly below base of soft dorsal, and reaching upwardon anterior part of the latter fin; a dark band on posterior dorsal partof caudal peduncle.This species is known onh^ from the original types taken at themouth of the ba}^ of Tokyo, and a third specimen taken with long linesoff Misaki. It is related to Sehastodes hopkinsi of the California coast.(aKvdpoTtoq^ pouting, having a protruding lower lip.) 14. SEBASTODES FUSCESCENS (Houttuyn).KURO SOI (BLACK ROCK FISH.)/S;partts/uscescAS and Evermann, Fish. N. and M. Am., II, 1898, p. 1834;after Steindachner.Sehastodes nigromaculatus'^ GiJj^i'niER, Ann. Majj;. Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 377; Chi-fu,China, coll. Mr. Swinhoe.Sehastodes hakodatis Jorb \y! and Snyder, I'roc. I". S. Nat. Mus. , 1901, p. 361, pi.xiv; Hakodate (No. 49394, U. S. Nat. Mus., Coll. Alhatross). ?Dorsal XIII, 12; anal III, 8; lateral line 75 (pores doubtless nuicb fewer).Height of body a little less than length of head, and one-third total (withoutcaudal). Scales rather irregular. Upper surface of head scaly, flat, with very low,plain ridges, without prominent spines. Superciliary edge not elevated; width ofinterorbital one-fifth length of head. Lower edge of preorbital and preoperculumwith acute spines. Maxillary reaching nearly to vertical from hind margin of orbit.The fifth, sixth, seventh (or the fourth, fifth, sixth) dorsal spines longest, longerthan anal spines and not half length of head. A deep notch between dorsal fins.Brownish or greenish brown, with numerous irregular, black spots about as largeas pupil; an oblique brown streak from lower part of eye toward the angle of theperculum; fins black, 7^ inches long. (Giinther. ) This species described, from the Chinese side of the Sea of Japan, seems to beidentical with Sehasfodca fvsrescens. NO. 1351. SCORPJSNOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND STARKS. IllHead 2 1 in length; depth 2|; depth of caudal peduncle 3| in head;eye4|; snout 4; maxillary 2|; interorbital space 4^; height of longestdorsal spine 2|; longest ray 2|; anal spine S^; ray 2-}', length of pec-torals 4 in length; ventrals 5; caudal 4i; D. XIII, 12; A. Ill, 7;pectoral rays 10-8; scales in lateral line 51; pores 16.Eye moderate in size; nearer tip of snout than to posterior edge ofopercle, a distance ecjual to its diameter. Snout ecjual in length todiameter of eye. Lower jaw projecting; symphysial knob scared}'noticeal)le. Maxillar}'^ extending to a vertical through posterior edgeof or])it. Bands of teeth on jaws, palatines, and vomer; palatine ])andsas wide as those on lower jaws. Gill-rakers, 6-17; thosci on upper partof arch short and blunt; others long and slender. Interorbital spacea little convex; interorbital ridges very low, rounded. Head notstrongl}' armed, the spines all Ij'ing close to the surface; nasal, pre-ocular, postocular, and tympanic spines minute, sharp; occipital ridgeslow, rounded, terminating in small, acute spines; preor))ital with threeflat, sharp spines which project downward; preopercle with tive flat,rather blunt spines; two opercular and two humeral spines present.Preorbital area, maxillary, lower jaw, and branchiostegals naked; sub-opercle and lower and posterior edges of preopercle with cycloid scales;other pa-rts of head with small ctenoid scales; those of the interorbitalarea extending forward to na.sal spines; breast and belly with cycloidscales; other parts of bod}' with ctenoid scales, the edges of whichhave minute bristles; most of body with minute accessor}- scaleswedged in between the larger ones; spinous dorsal, except a smallspace on posterior ventral part, naked; other fins with minute scales,which are closely packed at the bases, extending outward along themembranes. Dorsal fins continuous, though having a dividing notch;interspinous membranes deeply incised; first and twelfth spines con-tained three and one-third times in length of maxillary; fourth toseventh spines longest; tenth and thirteenth spines of equal length;second and third dorsal rays longest. Anal fin rounded, first spine alittle less than one-half the length of second; second and third spinesof equal length, the second much stronger. Pectoi-al rounded, thelower eight rays simple. Ventrals pointed when depressed. Edge ofcaudal slightly convex. Color, in alcohol, dark, with scarcely notice-abl(^ irregular ])lotches on upper ]mrts; fins ])roadly edged with darkercolor; an indistinct light band on pectoral.A number of smaller specimens (co-types No. 6271, Leland StanfordJunior University Museum), from the same locality as the type, aremuch lighter in color, with small, irregular brown spots scatteredover the body. In many individuals the spots arc collected together,forming four or five indistinct lateral bands; all have three or fourdark lateral ]>an(ls radiating downward and backward from the orbit.The fins show more or less* dark color, the pectoral and caudal oftenbeing distinctly l)arred. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.One specimen has well-developed coronal spines, but is otherwiseindistinguishable from the others.This species is extremely common in northern Japan, its rangecoinciding- with that of Sebastode.s taczanowahlL Our numerous speci-mens are from Otaru, Iwanai, Aomori, Same, Mororan, and Hakodate,where it is especially abundant.But one species of this t3"pe is represented in our collections, JhiI'o-datis and scJdegelil l)eing the same, and apparently identical with theSpams fmcesce7is of Houttuyn. If the scales in the t^'pe of S. Ixd-o-datls are counted so as to give the subvertical series above lateral line,there would l>e 00 to 68 as described for S. xcJdegelll.Of the California species, this most resembles Seha-stodes atromreni<.{fimcescenn^ growing dusky.)3. SEBASTICHTHYS Gill.Sebastichthys Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 329 {rugrodnctufi) . Sehastomus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 147 {rosaceus).Pteropodus Eigenmann and Beeson, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 670 {maliger).Audospina Eigenmann and Beeson, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 670 {anricidatus).Hispaniscus JonoAys and Evermann, Check List Fish. N. M. Amer., 1896, p. 431{rubrimnctus) . This genus is closely allied to Sehastodes^ being connected with it l)yan almost continuous series of species. As a whole it differs in thenearly straight base of the skull, the convex interorbital space, andthe short, thick, gill-rakers. All these characters are subject to largevariation, and while the Japanese species are well defined, there aresome American species intermediate between the two groups. Speciesof this type are found also on the coasts of Chile and of Cape Colony.[ffs/iaarog^ magnificent; ix^^^'s, lish.) a. Pteropodus. Supraocular spine wanting; scales large; pores 30 to 40; jaws scale-less or nearly so; peritoneum white.b. Gill rakers relatively long and slender, 2^ to 3 in diameter of eye; 14 to 16 onlower part of arch. Lower jaw not projecting. c. Color brown, with marblings and spots of darker brown and white; usuallya darker cross shade under each half of dorsal ndpes, 15.cc. Color dusky brown, nearly uniform, covered by snowy spots; second analspine enlarged nivoms, 16.ccc. Color bright greenish yellow, with an irregular dark shade aliove and below,leaving lateral line in a dark streak; a dark shade ^long base of dorsal; darkshades across cheek tririttatus, 17.bh. Gill rakers relatively short and thick, 4 to 5 in diameter of eye, 10 to 14 en -'ower part of arch; fins usually much spotted.i. Interorbital area flat, rather wide and scaly. e. Cranial ridges rather low; scales small; 40 to 65 pores in lateral line;body rather elongate, little compressed, its depth 3 in length; eye small,5 in head. Color gray, clouded, or barred and spotted with dark; softfins with small spots; cheek with dark bars.f. Scales 59 to 65; over 50 pores in lateral line oblongu.s, 18.ff. Scales 45 to 50; about 40 pores in lateral line initsukurn, 19. NO. 1851. SCORFyENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 113 er. Cranial ridgew high and rather bhmt; body stout, the depth 2i in length ;-pectoral broad, reaching front of anal. Color blackish, usually witli yel-low areas, one under each dorsal; lower \rArif^ and fins usually but notalways profusely spotted with dark pacliyccphahix, 20.d(L Interorbital area narrow, deeply concave, with a deep channel betweentwo raised ridges; dorsal spines often 14; cranial spines rather high. Colorgray, much mottled and barred with reddish, fins all ])arre(l and mottled;anal spines scarlet in life. Color more variegated than any other species,the size smaller eleyanx, 21.15. SEBASTICHTHYS VULPES ( Steindachner and Doderlein).Si'huKtcs vulpes Steindaciineu and Doderlein, Fische Ja})ans, III, 1S84, p. 203,pi. 11; Tokyo.Scbastodes nilpef! .ToRDxs and Evehm.\xx, Fisli. X. and ]\1. Amer., 11, 1898, p. 1835;after Steindachner.Head 2| to 2i in length; depth 2i. Dorsal XllI, 13; anal 111, 7;lateral line with 82 pores. Nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, andparietal spines moderately developed; eye 4 to -If; snout -1; interorbitalspace 5 in head. Maxillary' reaching posterior margin of orbit; lowerjaw scarcely projecting, without distinct symphyseal knob. Lowerl)order of l)road preorbital wdth 3 blunt lobes; the 2 lower opercle spinesbroad, blunt, the 3 upper more slender, sharp, the 2 opercular spinesstrongly diverging; upper end of interopercle, especially in older indi-viduals, with a spine; lower end of subopercle wdth a weaker spine whichsometimes divides into several. Snout, anterior part of preorl)ital. andlower jaw scaleless; a few very small scales on maxillary behind andunder preorbital (sometimes absent); rest of head thickly covered withrough scales. Several pores on each side under low^er jaw. Inter-orbital space nearly flat, with very weak interorbital ridges. Gill rakersrather long and slender, the longest two-fifths of eye; 21 on anteriorof arch. Upper profile rises moderatel}', slightl}' curved at the snout.Fifth dorsal spine longest, 2f in head. Second anal spine stronger, butsometimes a little shorter than third, 2i in head in small individuals,nearly 3 in larger ones. Pectoral equals head without snout, reachingvent in adults, a little l)eyond in young; ventral If to 1^ in head;caudal equaling ventrals, slightly convex. Scales moderately large,with some accessory scales. Peritoneum white.Body, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins mingled reddish brown and whit-ish; pectoral and ventral grayish; upper half of head reddish brown,strewn with small dark-l)rown spots which posteriorly almost unite inwavv stripes, or marked like body; lower side of head and body whitishyellow. Sometimes a distinct broad i l)ar of dark brown luidei- mid-dle of spinous dorsal and a less distinct one under soft dorsal.This large and strongly marked species is rather rare in Jai)an. Ourspecimens are from Hakodate, Sam(\ and Miyako in Kikuchu. It isan ally of Seh<(xticht]iys uiallger.[I'lilpe^s, fox.)Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii?03 S 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvn. i6. SEBASTICHTHYS NIVOSUS ( Hilgendorf).GOMA SOI (SPECKLED ROCKFISH), KESHIMrYO."Schodes nivosus Steindachner and Dodeklein, Fiwhe Japans, III, 1S,S4, p. 202,pi. vii; Tokyo, Hakodate.Si'hasiodes nivosus .Tordan and Evermax.v, Fish. N. and ]\I. Anu-r., II., 1898, ji.1834, after Steindachner.Head L>| in lenglh; depth 2f. Dor.sal Xlll, 12; aiiiil III. 7; later; 1line pores, 36; cranial edges and spines well developed. Nasal, pro-ocular, postociilar, tympanic, and parietal spines present. Upperprolile slightly convex to beginning of dorsal. Eye and snout -If,interorbital space 5^ in head. Maxillary reaching to })osterior rim oforbit, in older individuals somewhat farther. Inferior l)order of pre-or))ital with 3 more or less rounded lobes, the last angulated, butwithout a spine. Interorbital space between the elevated supraocularridges weakly convex. Head entirely scaled, except jaws, snout (infront of nostrils), preorbital, and nearly the whole of interopercle;scales of head small, firm, rough, wilh accessory scales like those onbody. Preopercular spines short, ])road, and blunt, (rill rakersmoderate in length, one-third of eye, 16 in number on anterior liml) ofarch. Pectoral rays 18, the lower 10 unl)ranched, its length 1| inhead, its tips reaching past tips of ventrals; ventral more than If inhead; caudal equaling ventral, slightly convex; 36 pores on body, ^to 3 on l)ase of tail. Peritoneum white. Blackish brown, with innu-meral)le small white dots on body and tins. In some individuals theuniform dark brown of bod}^ is interrupted b}' lighter .;^hades.This beautifully marked species is not very common in Japan. Ourspecimens are from Same and Misaki. It is somewhat related toSSastiehthys iiehdosuj^, but is well distinguished by the profuse starr}^spots.{nivosus^ snowy.) 17. SEBASTICHTHYS TRIVITTATUS (Hilgendorf).SHIMA SOI (STEIPEl) EOCKFISH).Sebastes triviltaius Hilgendorf, S. B. Gessell. natnrf. Freunde, BerUn, 1880, p. 171,with plate; Yezo, Japan.Sebastodes tririttatuf! JORBA-s and Evermanx, Fisli. X. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p.18o-t, after Hilgendorf.Head 2| in length; depth 2|; eye 5 in head; snout 1; maxillary 2^;interorbital width 5^. Dorsal XIII, 11; anal III 7. Pores of lateralline 39.Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to posterior border of eye.Lower jaw slightly shorter. Symphyseal knol) very small. Teeth inrather broad bands. Interorbital slightly concave. A pair of ridgesrun longitudinally near middle of interorbital space, between whidi is "Marked with unshaven tufts, as on a child's head. . 1351. SCORPJENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND STAEKS. 115 a narrow channel. Cranial rido-(>s and spine.s strong. Nasal, preocu-lar, postocular. tynii)anic', and ])iirictal spines present. Edge of pre-orbital with 2 rounded and an angulated lobe, but without spines.Preopefcle spines well developed, the next to the uppermost thelargest, (xill rakers of moderate length, 10 of them on anterior limbof areh, the longest two-tifths of eye.Dorsal spines a little lower than soft rays, the longest 2i in head;the next to the last 41; the last 8^. Noteh ])etween dors-als ratherdeep. Pectoral broad, reaching past \entrals to above front of anal,17 rays, the lower 8 simple. Ventrals usually reaching vent. Secondanal spine stronger and as long, or sometimes a little shorter, thanthird; length of first spines halt" second. Inclined anal ra3s reach baseof auxiliary caudal rays; dorsal rays reach slightly past. Caudalrounded.Scales strongly ctenoid on sides below lateral line, less strongl}^ Fig. 5. ? Sebastichthys TRivixxATrs.above; scales on head cycloid. Maxillary, mandible, smd preor))italnaked. Uppei- pectoral, dorsal, and caudal rays with very small scalesnearly to their ends. Peritoneum white.Color in spirits light gray with an irregular longitudinal dark l)rownor black bar above and below lateral line leaving lateral Yuw in a lightstreak. Another dark bar along base of spinous dorsal. Dark barsradiating from eye across cheek. Each scale on head with a blackspot. Fins dark.In life bright yellow with slightly greenish cast everywiicre. theblackish parts dark olive, th(^ sami^ yellow wash being over them.Here descril)ed from a specimen fi-om Hakodate. In length IM\ cm.This very beautiful species seems to ])c rare in .lapaji. Our speci-mens are from Aomori and Kushiro. It has no near ally amongAmerican species, Sehdxfichfhi/s rt.rHhiriK being as near as any.{trimttatuH^ three-striped. ) 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. i8. SEBASTICHTHYS OBLONGUS (Gunther). Schdstei^ ohlongm Gunther, Challenger Report Shore Fishes, ? 1880, p. M, \A. x x v 1 1 1 ; Inland Sea, Japan, Yokohama. ? Hilgendorf, S. B. Gesell. naturf. Frennde,Berlin, 1880, p. 171, with plate; Tokyo.Sebastodcs ohlongus Jordan and Evermanx, Fish. North and Middle Am., II, 1898,p. 1830; after Gunther.Head 3f in length; depth 3i. D. XIII, 1?; A. Ill, 5; scales 59 to (>5.Scales rather irregular, much smaller above than below lateral line.Head scaly above as far forward as nostrils; very minute scales onpreor])ital. Snout pointed, longer than eye. Interorbital space flat,equal to eye, 6 in head. None of spines on upper side of head pro-jecting, those on prcopercle obtuse. Teeth in broad bands on jaws,vomer, and palatines. Maxillary reaching posterior margin of eye.Dorsal spines strong, fourth to seventh longest, 2i in head; analspines stronger, much shorter than longest dorsal. Brownish, marbledwith darker; lower parts and all hns with brown spots; an obliquebrown streak from preorbital toward angle of preopercle.Recorded from the Inland Sea of Japan and the market of Yokohama.Not seen by us. All our specimens of this type belong to SehastiehtJiysniitmhirii and it may be that S. oUovgas is merely an extreme exam-ple of the same species.This species was not taken by us. Were it not that Dr. Boulengerhas verified for us Dr. Giinther's count of scales, which agrees withthat shown in his figure, we should believe that Sehastle]dhy.s ohlongusis the same as Sehastichthys mUsukurii. Except for the larger scalesof the latter, we know of no difference.{ohlongus, oblong.) ig. SEBASTICHTHYS MITSUKURII (Cramer).Sebastes ohlongus (var.?) Steindachner and Doderlein, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss.Wien,1884, p.204; Tokyo.?Nystrom, Kong. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 20; Nagasaki.Sebastodcs milsukurii Cramer, in Jordan and Evermann, Fish. North and MiddleAm. , 11, 1898, p. 1831 ; Tokyo, based on the description given by Steindachnerand Doderlein.Head 2i in length; depth 8. Eye 5 in head; snout 4|; maxillary2iV; interorbital 5i. Dorsal XIII, 12 to 11 (usually 12); anal III, 7.Pores of lateral line 10 to 12.Mouth large, maxillary reaching to behind eye. Jaws subequal orthe lower very slightly projecting. Symphyseal knob scarcely devel-oped. Teeth in broad bands on vomer and palatines. Teeth on front "Dr. Boulenger has kindly reexamined the types of Sebastodes ohlongus. He findsthat they agree with Dr. Giinther's plate in,showing about 60 scales, counting obliqueseries below the lateral line. Scales 58, 59, 60, in 4 examples. In our specimensof Sebastodes vtilsnkiirii a species otherwise very similar to *S'. ohJongits, the scales,counted in the same way, number from 42 to 46. N0.1351. SCORP.^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 117 of maiulihle somewhat raised and fitting' in a notch in niaxillarios, not,liowt'Ncr. develoix'd in a knob. p]ye small, a little shoilcr tlian snout.]ntert)rhital Hat sometimes sliohtly concaved usual!}' unlu'oken byridges, sometimes with slight nearly parallel ridges running- backwardfrom nasal spines. Cranial ridges all low, the occipital ridges bestdeveloped. 8pin(>s sharp but lying close to the skin and not })romi-nent. Nasal, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present. Pre-orbital with slight rounded lobes, no spines present. Preoperclespines subeciually spaced or the two upper sometimes closer togetherthan others. Gill-rakers \QYy short and blunt, one-fourth or one-fifthdiameter of eye, 12 or 13 developed on anterior limb of arch.Dorsal spines longer than soft ra3's, the fifth '2\ in head; next to lastequals snout; last 1 in head. Notch between dorsals rather deep.Pectoral rounded the lower 10 rays unbranched, its tip reachingslighth' past ventrals to above vent. The second anal spine strongerand as long as third 3 in head; first spine half as long. Tips of lastdorsal ra^'s reach to base of auxiliary caudal rays, and slightl}' farther])ack than those of anal. Caudal rounded. Peritoneum Avhite.Scales ctenoid. Soft fins except ventrals with a few small scales atbase. Preorbital scaled. Mandible and maxillar}- naked. Bodyclouded and spotted with dark brown, these spots forming 1 or 5 moreor less conspicuous broken crossbars. Dark bars radiating from eve,especially conspicuous in small specimens. Rays of soft fins with darkspots which do not involve the membrane. All fins rather dark.This species, which must be extremel}' close to Sebastichthys ohlon-(jus, we found abundant about the Inland Sea of Japan, and northwardeven to Hakodate. Our specimens are from Hakodate, Aomori, ^Nlat-sushima. Tokyo, Yokohama, Onomichi, Kobe, and Nagasaki. It maybe known from Seh<(stiehthys (MonguH by the presence of but 15 crossrows of scales instead of 55 to 65. It is perhaps not really a distinctspecies.(Named for Kakichi Mitsukuri.)20. SEBASTICHTHYS PACHYCEPHALUS (Schlegel).MURA SOI (BLOTCHED ROCK-FISH).Sebastei^ pacJiyeephalus Schlegel, Fauna Japoui?'a, Poiss., 1843, p. 47, pi. xx, tiir. 3,Nagasaki.?? Richardson, lohth., China, 1846, p. 214; Canton. ? Gixthek,Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 97. ? Steindachner, Reise Aurora, 1897, ]>. 202, Ko])e.Head 2^ in length; depth 2i; e\'el^in head; maxillarj' 2|; snout 11.Dorsal XI 11, 13; anal III, 7; pores of lateral line, 30.Body rather deep, deepest under first spine of dorsal. ^lonthlarg(\ maxillary reaching nearl}' to ))elow posterior orl)ital margin.Lower jaw included. Teeth in moderate bands, wide on front ot" pre-niaxillaries, not developed in a knob at front of mandible. Narrowestpart of interorbital space just behind preocular spine three-fifths eve. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.Iiitcrorl)ital decph' t-oncave, the median area l)et\veen supraocularrido-es Hat and covered with small scales. Cranial ridges and spineswell developed. Nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietalspines present. Upper 2 preopercle spines the largest; all except thelower one, whi(;h is inclined downward, are directed backward. Gill-rakers one-fourth eye in length; 12 developed on anterior limb of arch.Pectoral very broad and rounded, composed of 17 rays, the lower 10very much swollen and unbranched; its tip reaches past tips of ven-trals to above front of anal. Dorsal spines rather low, a little lowerthan soft rays, the fifth spine 2k in head, the last spine 8, next to last3^. Second anal spine a little longer and nnich stronger than third,twice as long as lirst. Caudal rounded.Scales everywhere coarsely ctenoid. Preorbital, maxillary, andmandible naked. Small scales only on the base of soft tins. Peri-toneum white.Black or dark brown, with or without areas of gray. Usuall}" a palearea under spinous dorsal, which in the fresh state is with golden-yellow reticulations and spots; a second light -yellowish area underfront of soft dorsal. Fins and lower parts of body sometimes pro-fnsely covered with dark round spots. Spots on breast and base ofpectorals sometimes round and distinct, sometimes diffused, sometimesrunning together, leaving this region dusky, or sometimes entirelyabsent, leaving this region cream color. Entire body sometimesuniform dark brown, lighter on breast and in front of pectoral, with-out markings of any kind.This species is general!}' common in southern Japan, our specimensbeing from Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima, and Shhnonoseki. It isrelated to Sefxistodes chrysonielas of the American coast.Our various specimens, though differing much in coloration in theextremes, run together so that it is impossi])le to separate them. Noneof them differ in anything except coloration.(TTfl'^f?, thick; KecpaXt}^ head.) 21. SEBASTICHTHYS ELEGANS ( Steindachner and Ddderlein).Sebastes eZf^cms Steindachner and Doderleix, Fische Japans., Ill, 1S84, }>. 205;Tagawa, in the Inland Sea of Japan.Sebastocles elegan.^ JORBAN and Evekmann, Fish. N. and M. A., II, 1S9S, ]>. 1830(after Steindachner).Head 2^ in length; depth 2f ; eye 4^ in head; snout -If; maxillary2i; interorbital width 6f ; dorsal Xlll. 12, often XIV, 12; anal lit,7; pores of lateral line 30.Mouth rather lai-ge, the maxillary reaching nearly to below poste-rior border of eye. Jaws equal. No knob at symph3''sis. Teeth inmoderate bands. Interorbital deeply concave, the supraorbital edgesraised. Near middle of interorbital are 2 curved longitudinal ridges, N0.1351. SCORP.^NOID FISHE(i OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 119})etwoen wliicli runs ii very luirrow deep canal. C'ranial I'iflocs and .spines well developed. Nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, andpari(>tal spines present. Freorbital with '2 sharp angles, but withoutspines, (iill-rakers very short and Idunt, 14 on anterior linil) of arch.Dorsal spines variable in number, 13 to 14, a character vevy unusualjn this group, lower than dorsal rays, the longest 3 in the head; thenext to the last 3^; the last 3^. Notch })etween dorsals not verydeep. Pectoral rounded, the lower 1?) ra^'S not branched, reachingpast ventrals and slightly past vent. VentraLs reaching to vent.Second anal spine stronger and longer than third, 2^ in head; tirstspine one-half length of second. Tips of last aual ra3\s scarceh' reach-ing base of auxiliar}- caudal rays, not extending so far back as dorsalrays. Caudal rounded.Scales weakly ctenoid. Few auxiliary scales present. Mandil)le Fig. 6. ? Sebastichthys ei-ehans.and preorbital naked. Maxillary with a few eml)edded scales nearanterior end only (these not always evident, never evident without theaid of the lens, and after specimen has l)een out of alcohol a fewmiiuites and has become slightlj" dry). Median rays of pectoral withfine scales nearly to their tips. Peritoneum white.The following color description was taken from a fresh specimen:Gray much mottled with darker and Avith Hesh color. Body with 4dirt'use dark cross liands, first at shoulder, second behind pectoral,third narrower; more distinct under soft dorsal; fourth at base ofcaudal. A black band covering top of head; extending on tlieeks.A pale ])reorbital band from eye, and a pale l)and on preopercle behindeye. Lower jaw with dark spots. I^arge black spot at angle ofmouth, another on maxillaiy. I>eliy mottUnl with l>lack. Dorsalolive and a dusky shade corresponding with tiody bands; tirst 2 spinesblack. Tips of tins flesh color. Caudal flesh color at base, the termi- 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. nal half reddish, with l)i'oad dark base made of 3 or 4 bars. Analspines scarlet, l)arred with black. Soft dorsal dusky at base with palestreaks, tipped with flesh color. Ventral colored like anal; first spinereddish, the thin tie,-h color at tip blackish, paler at base. Pectoralflesh color barred with blackish; lower rays tinged with orange. Paleshades on lower flns somewhat tinged with golden.Here described from specimens from Misaki 1.5 to 17 cm. in length.The species may be separated from SehaMlehfhys pachyeepludns(which it somewhat resembles) at a glance by the narrow, dee]) chan-nel along middle of interorbital. The area between raised supraor-bital rims in B. j>avJiycephalus is wide and scaled over.This small and handsome species, like the preceding, has no honio-logue on the American coast. Our specimens are from rocky shoresabout Misaki, Onomichi, and Miyajima. About the famous sacredisland of Miyajima it is especially abundant.Table of dorsal spines.Numberof speci-mens. Locality. Numberof dorsalspines.Tokyo : 14Misaki i 14Kobe 14Miyajima 14 ....do I 13Onomichi 13 4. NEOSEBASTES Guichenot.Neosebastes Guichenot, Mem. Soc. Nat. Sei., Cherbourg, XVI, 1868, p. 8.3 {panda. )This genus is closeh^ allied to Sehastichthi/.s, having 13 dorsal spines,which are very long and strong; a series of strong spines in a linefrom edge of preorbital across suborbital stay and preopercle; a longband of palatine teeth; armature of upper parts of head much as inSehastichthys\ vertical tins, scaleless.Indian seas.In Guichenot's arrangement ]V^eo-^ehaforl)ital to preopercle, the tirst large one on center of preorbitalpreceded by 1 or 2 tiny ones; 2 or 3 under anterior half of eye. onerecunilH'iit upon another; a similar group under posterior i)art of eve,haying an interval between; a very long, sharp spine on preopercle,its point nearly reaching edge of opercle, a secondary ridge and spinedeveloped on its base. Edge of preopercle witli 3 smaller spinesbelow, growing smaller downward. 0])ercle with 2 spines; the upper 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.one inodenitc in size, inclined somewhat upward, not preceded by aridge; the lower one is long and sharp, pointing straight backwardand preceded by a sharp, naked ridge, which runs nearly across thewhole length of opercle. Eight gill rakers developed on anteriorlimb of arch, the longest one-third the k)ng diameter of eye.Scales ctenoid, though not roughl3^ Lateral line anteriorly raisedin a low ridge. Head with scales to tip of snout; preorbital, inter-orbital, suborbital regions and nape with line, crowded, irregularscales; scales more regular and larger on cheek and opercle; inter-opercle and maxillary with scales; l)ranchiostegal region and mandiblenaked; the latter with a great many pores scattered ii-regularly overit; opercle with a naked flap above; upper opercle spine. Fins naked.Pectoral scarcely reaching front of anal (slightly past in cotype); ithas 13 branched rays and 8 simple ones; the fourth or fifth ray fromthe uppermost the longest. Ventrals rather wide apart, not reachingto vent. Dorsal and anal spines each with a channel along its side,reaching its entire length. Third dorsal spine the longest, 3^ in entirelength without caudal; the first scarcely half as long, equal to thethirteenth; the twelfth three-fifths eye. Longest dorsal rays 2it inhead. Second anal spine much stronger and longer than third, '2^ inhead; the first If in second. Caudal truncate. Peritoneum white.Color, light below, mottled with fine lines and spots on sides and l)ack.Pectoral dark, the color solid above, Avith white spots below. Analwith white spots on a dusky ground. Soft dorsal and anal rays crossedwith dark lines. Spinous dorsal mottled. This species is known tous from two fine specimens, the one from Chosu, in Shimosa, the otherfrom Misaki. From the first the drawing is taken. The species isknown locally as Kasago.The type is from Misaki. It is IT cm. in length and is numbered7367. Ichthyological collections, Leland Stanford Junior UniversityMuseum. The cotype from Chosu is numbered 50900 in the UnitedStates National Museum.(fVrarad: inaxi Ihiry 2t;anal Til, 5. Pores of lateral line ?J'.]. Kye :]l iiiiteroi'l)ital 51.Lower jaw not projecting-. Syinph3'sis with a knoh. ]\Iaxillarvreaehinij;- to 1)elow middle of eye. Anterior end of })reniaxillaries on alevel with or slightly above lower margin of orbit. Teeth in ratherbroad l)ands on jaws; in narrower bands on palatines and vomer; teethdeveloped in a knob at tip of mandible, which tits in a toothless notchat front of premaxillaries. Interorbital deeply concave and coveredwith scales, and with a pair of interorbital ridges with a moderatechannel between them. Cranial spines large and more erect than in Fig. 8. ? Thysanichthys cros.sotus.the genus SfhastlchfJu/K, not preceded by ridges even at occi])ut. Xasul.preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchalspines present. Preorbital with 3 lobes, the anterior one ])roadlyround(Kl, the others angulated, but without spines. A ridge of ?> lowspines extends along suborbitals. Preo[)ercle with 5 s])ines. the upper3 sharp, i\u\ others blunt, the uppermost oiu^ hooked upward. Twohundred spines present, rather close together. Opei'cle with ?! spin(>sof equal size, the ui)p(M' one inclintnl slightly upward. Spines on topof head each with a long lilauicnt behind; the longest ones half eye inlength. Similar tilaments behind the preorbital lobes, the spines onsu])orbitids, the three upper spines on ])reopei-cle, and a fringe of themalong lateral line. Gill rakers very short, about one-foui'th diamctei"of pu])il. 7 of them d(>veloped on antcM'ioi" limb of ai'ch.Scales roughly ctenoid. Lateral line lunning in a crooked lin(\ 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.Upper parts of head with scales to tip of snout. Maxillary and pre-orbital with scales. Suborbital and mandible naked, the latter withthree large pores on its lower side. Base of pectoral caudal and softdorsal with scales; other fins naked. Pectoral reaching- to a])ove l)aseof third anal spine; it has 10 simple rays and T branched ones. Ventralsbare!}" reaching to front of anal. Dorsal and anal spines each with alongitudinal channel, as in the genus Xeos^'ha.ste-^. The anterior dorsalspines strongly curved. Third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines ofabout equal length, 2i in head; the thirteenth higher than the twelfthb}^ half the diameter of the pupil. Second anal spine much strongerand larger than third, nearly as long as soft rays, If in head; the third2f ; the first 2i in the second. Peritoneum white.Color in spirits: Body and fins with little color remaining. Indica-tions of a dusky blotch under first dorsal spine, one under middle ofspinous dorsal and one under last spine. A black spot on spinousdorsal from ninth to twelfth spine; fins otherwise colorless.This species is known to us from a single example, 85 mm. long,dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Alhatross at Station3720, in Suruga Bay, off Ose Point, in 63 fathoms. It is numbered inthe U. S. National Museum 50907.{KpoffffcoTog^ fringed.)6. SEBASTISCUS Jordan and Starks, new genus.Sebastisais Jordan and Starks, new genus {marmomtns).This genus is based on species having the external appearance ofSehastodes and much resemblance to the subgeneric group calledPteropodus^ but having but 12 spines in the dorsal fin and the vertebrjB10+14=24, agreeing in these regards with Scor2?eena. From Ilell-Golemis^ 8(3l>ast!scus differs, solely, perhaps, in the presence of a well-developed air ])ladder. Peritoneum pale. The two known speciesare very much alike and both very abundant in Japan.[ffefSaaTiffKog, a diminutive form, from Sebastes.) rt. Color olivaceous, mottled with darker; no spine below eye; shore species.marntDratioi, 24.u((. Color rose red, marbled with golden and violet; a small spine close below lowermargin of eye; species inhabiting deeper water alhnfasridfus, 25.24. SEBASTISCUS MARMORATUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).KASAGO.Srhastes inarmunttus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. .i45;Japan, Coll. Langsdorf. ? Schlec{el, Fauna Japonica, 1843, p. 46, pi. xxi, fig.1, 2; Nagasaki. ? Gunther, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 104; Japan, China.?Steindachner, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 32; Tokyo. ? Nystrom, Kong.Vet. Handl., 1887, p. 20; Nagasaki.?Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, ]). ol;Fuknshima, Tokyo, Kii.HelicolenuH marmoratns JonDA^ and Snyder, Check List, 1901, p. 98; Hakodate.Sehastes crassisjmiisD'6T>ERi.Eii^, Fische Japans, III, 1884, jj. 32; Tokyo.f Sebastes sinensis McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, 1843, p. 397, pi.XXI, fig. 3; Chusan, China. NO. i;!5i. SCOnP^EXOin FISHES OF JA PAN?JORDAN AND STARRS. 125Head 2| in length Avithout caudal; deptb 2f. Dorsal XII, 12; analIII, 5. Pores in lateral line 46. Eye -ti in head; maxillary 2i; inter-orbital half orbit.Jaws (M|ual. or the lower sliuhtly included. Symphyseal knobslight. ^laxillarv nearly reaching- to ))elow posterior margin of eye.T(M>th in i-ather wide bands, ver}' wide at front of premaxillaries, nar-rower on vomer and palatines; in a V-shaped band on vomer. Cranialspines high and sharp; nasal, preocular, superocular, postocular,tympanic, coronal, parietal, and nuchal spines present; coronal spinesending just anterior to a line between tips of tympanic spines. Occipi-tal ridges high. A small dermal tilament usually present l)ehind eachof the parietal, nuchal, and superocular spines. Interorbital deeplj'-concave; the interobital ridg-es end behind in the coronal spines andhavQ a deep channel between them, which is narrow l)etween qxqh andgrows Avider l)etween coronal spines. Preorbital with a spine on itsposterior lower Q(]ge and 2 very low lobes anteriorly. Preoperclespines moderately sharj), the upper 3 directed backward, the 1ow(M' 2downward and backward; the next to the upper the largest. Operclewith 2 flat spines, the upper one directed slightly upward. Gill-rakers short, in length al)out one-fourth eye, 13 to 15 on anterior limbof arch, counting 3 or -4 anterior tubercles.Scales everywhere ctenoid, except on breast. Pectoral with scalesextending about half the length of median raj's; other tins exceptventrals with line scales at the base. Maxillary, preorbital, mandible,and branchiostegals naked; subopercle naked except at its posterior end.Pectoral with 18 rays, an equal number simple and branched, theformer projecting be3"ond the others; the upper posterior edge of thefin usually concave, sometimes obliquely truncate; pectoral reachingpast tips of ventrals, usually but slight!}', sometimes nearly to frontof anal. Fourth dorsal spine 3 in head; the eleventh 3^; the twelfth4^. Dorsal spines a little lower than the soft rays. Anal spines allstout, the second stronger and a little longer than third, which is 2^in head and twice as long- as first spine; the spines consideral)!}* shorterthan the soft rays. Caudal truncate, or very slig-htl}' rounded. Peri-toneum white.Coloi" in spirits: Dark b]-own on back, belly white or light l>rown;5 light spots along back at base of dorsals, one below fourth and fifthspines, one below seventh and eighth, one below last spines and firstrays, one below middle ra3's, and one on caudal peduncle l>ehindlast ray; the dark-])rown area between the spots with its edges usuallydarker and sonu^imes extending up on the dorsal; below, marbledwith brown; soft fins brown, and with white spots, giving fins theappearance of having crossbars of white and brown; fins in somespecimens nearly colorless. Other s})ecimens have acellated lightspots scattered o\er the sides. 12() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvu.The following" color note was taken from a specinuMi in a fresh state:Head and bod}* ahove brassy-, changing to light carmine l)elow; spotson l)ody light olive green {bluish in life); spots at base of dorsal red-dish yellow; tins all suffused with carmine; spots on dorsal and analsame as on body; caudal spots whitish.This species is one of the most abundant of the shore tishes of Japan,and varies widely in color, according to depth and condition. Thewhitish spots along the ]>ase of the dorsal and the dark dots or barson the pectoral are very constant.SeJmstlcus alhofasciatus.. closely resem})les it, but may be knownby the bright red coloration and the presence of the small spine belowthe ej^e, which is wanting in SSaHtlois maniiorafux.This species is known everywhere as Kasago. Our specimens arefrom Hakodate, Same, Tokyo, Misaki, Sagami Bay, Enoshima, SurugaBav, Kobe, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, and Nagasaki It was dredgedby the U. S. Fish Commission steamer AlJ>atr(? fathoms;3715, same locality, 68 to 65 fathoms; 3720, same localit}", 63 fathoms;3730, Owai Point, Totomi Ba}^ 34 fathoms; 3734, same locality, 48 to36 fathoms.This species can he almost alwavs known at sight by the blackishdots or bars on the pectoral, wanting in all species of Ilelicolenus^ andby the little spine under the eye, wanting in S. niarinoratvs. Like/Scha,st/.sci(,s inari/ioraf !(,.'<, and unlike the species of Th-l'x-ol'niix. it pos-sesses a large air bladder.[aJlnis^ white; /(ixc!ut no occipital pit; mouth large with bands of villiform teethon jaws, vomer, and palatines. Dorsal. fin continuous, not deeplynotched, with stout spines and 10 to 12 rays; anal with 3 spines and 6rays; pectoral l)road, fan-shaped. Avith rays arranged in three groups,the first of 2 simi)le rays, the second of S or branched rays, thethird of 8 simple rays, sometimes prolonged, with their tips more orless free from membrane; soft dorsal with tips free from iiMMubrane:subor})ital keel smooth, or nearly so; preoj-])ital with spines small andhidden beneath the skin. Vertebnv 10 + 14 = 24; no air bladdtM*.Peritoneum ))lack. Atlantic. Very close to San'j^n'na^ differing oidyin the iS'r''>r/,sA'.s- like cranium. From i,SW>r^s'/'/c7/?'/'7/.s' it is distinguished l)ythe smaller number of V(n-tebra% b}' the presence of but 12 dorsalspines, as also by th(> entire absence of the air l>ladder.{ifkiKo^^ strong; coXtv)/^ ell)ow. ai'in.) ((. Posterior edge of eye witliont >jjiiiic; immtli l>l:ick: body with ."> wide diffuse uivciioi- red bands ]>teruK, 2(>.(('(. I\>sterior edge of eye with a spiiii": two si)ines under tlie eye rinhfeiiiiirliiK, 27. 128 PROQEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xx\ai. 26. HELICOLENUS DACTYLOPTERUS (De La Roche).Scorpcma dactyloptera De La Koche, Ann. Mus., XIII, 1809, pi. xxii, lig. 2;Ivica, Barcelona.?Risso, Ichthyol. ans, HI, 1884,p. 195; off T'okyo.Head 2iin length without caudal; depth 2^. Dorsal XII. l(?; analHI, 6. Pores in lateral line 22; scales 10, counting subvertical seriesal)ove lateral line. Eye 4 in head; maxillary 2i; interorbital space 7.Head rather short. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching butlittle past posterior edge of pupil. Jaws e((ual. Knob at symphysismoderate. Teeth in narrow bands on jaws, narrower on palatines and 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.vomer. Cranial spines sharp, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postoou-lar, coronal, parietal, and nuchal spines present; the coronal spines atthe end of the low interorbital ridges, just behind the eye on a levelwith upper edge of pupil, are a pair of spines set close together,and a sharp ridge ending in a spine behind them. A pair of supraocu-lar spines set close together; a backward hooked spine at center ofpreorbital in a line with subor])ital ridge; suborbital ridge with 3spines and a double preopercle spine in the same series; preoperclewith 4 short, blunt spines below double spine at angle; opercle with 2spines at tlie ends of ridges, diverging from a point near its anteriorpart, the lower ridge the larger; preorbital with a sharp spine point-ing forward at its anterior end, a pair of spines pointing downwardand forward near the middle lower edge, and the largest spine point-ing backward and downward near its posterior edge. Pit at occiputevident, but not large. Interorbital narrow and deeply concave, theinterorliital ridges close together and with a narrow channel between.A large tentacle behind supraocular spine on superorbital ridge; oneon posterior margin of anterior nasal, one large one on preorbitalbehind last spine, extending over maxillary, and several smaller onesanteriorly; several on cheek below suborbital ridge; and several scat-tered over body. Gill-rakers very short and blunt, about G developed,and 3 or 4 rudimentar}^ scales. Fins naked. Peritoneum white.Fourth dorsal spine 2^ in head; the eleventh 5; the twelfth 3i. Pec-torals usually not reaching past ventrals, which just cover vent; 9lower pectoral rays simple; 8 upper rays branched. Second anal spinestronger and longer than third, its length 2| in head.Color, dark brown, irregular markings on back, surroiuiding lighterareas; the markings usually with sharp, cut edges, though sometimesshading into each other; markings continued on dorsal tins; a lightarea on base of spinous behind third dorsal spine, running down onback; a similar, more diffused area liehind base of sixth or seventhspine; a light area under last spines and first soft ra3"s; the surround-ing dark area running up on middle rays of soft dorsal, and continueddownward, forming an irregidar crossbar; an irregular brown cross-bar at base of caudal; brown bars radiating from eye more or less dis-tinct; upper lip Avith or without brown markings; axil light dusky,mottled with white spots, which are variable in size, number, and posi-tion on different individuals; sometimes axil is faded and colorless.Young examples with fine brown and white mottling, which in theadult are faded and indistinct; a distinct wide crossbar of l)rown acrosscaudal raj's and sometimes a dark, conspicuous dark spot toward tipsof posterior dorsal spines.The following color note was taken from a fresh specimen: Oliveabove, much mottled; lower marks and bands bright red, those aboverather brown. NO. 1351. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND STARKS. 133This .species may he known from Scorpsena onaria, which it mostivs(Mnl)l('s, by the shorter liead, sinallcr eye, smallei- mouth, and lowercranial spines. In S. jimhridhi the oix'i'cular (la}) is distant fi'om theoutline of back al)ov(> it onc^ diameter of eye; in .S'. oiuirld it is distanthalf the diaiueter of eye.This species is known to us from several sjx'cimcns taken at W'aka-Moura, Kobe, and Misaki. or found in the Tokyo market.{ p'//ih/'J'i/>is, frino-ed.) 29. SCORP^NA MIOSTOMA Giinther. Scorjvniii iiilnstoiiKt (Htnthku, Short' lislies of llie (Jliiillt'iijjcr, 18S0, p. (vi; Yoko-hama.Dorsal XII, 10; anal III, 5. Lateral line 45. Palatine^ teeth; thevomerine teeth form a simple open V-shaped l)aiid. The height of thebod}' is less than the length of the head, which is contained twice andone-thii-d in the total length (without caudal). Head nearly entirelyscaleless. Upper jaw slighth' overlapping the lower. Orbital ten-tacles broad, fringed, shorter than the eye, which equals the length ofthe snout. Interorbital space deeply concave, with a pair of slightridges within its concavity. Vertex with a quadrate depression, whichis rather broader than long, and surrounded by spines. The maxillary'does not extend backward to below the middle of the eye. All thecutaneous appendages on the head, bod}', and tins are well developed.The fourth and tifth dorsal spines are longest, two- fifths of the lengthof the head, and e({ual to the second of the anal fin, which, howevcM-, isstronger. Eight of the pectoral rays are branched. Body and finsmarbled with the usual colors of this genus, but without any peculiarmarkings. The axil of the pectoral is scarcel}' spotted, and the lowerpai'tof the head is white. Length of specimen, 5^ inches. Market ofYokohama (Giinther).This species is not represented in our collection. According to thedescription given bv Giinther, it ma}' be known from the other Japa-nese species of /Seorpasna by the maxillary not reaching to below themiddle of the eye.[/.lejog^ reduced; gtoi-ux mouth.) 30. SCORP.(ENA ONARIA Jordan and Snyder.ONARI (TABU).Srorpvnm ricglrrtd, Scni-EGEi, Fauna Jaiionica, Poiss., 1S4S, ]>. 4:^, i>l. i.xxvn, li^. 4;Nagasaki (not Scorpivmi neglectn of Hcckel, 1840).Scorpxna finihriatu Nysthom, Kong. Vet. Hamll., 1SS7. i?. IS; Nagasaki (not ofSteindachner).ScorjKtiia oiuiritt .Ioudan and Snydioi!, Proc. I'. S. Nat. Mns.. lHOn, ]>. :'>ti">: witliplate; Tokyo. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.Of this species a good figure and description luive been already oivenin these Proceedings."This species is occasionally taken on the coast of Japan. It is knownto us only b}^ the types of Scorpsena onarui which were taken l)yProfessor Otaki in the market of Tokyo.{onari, an Emperor's journey; a fish tabu, or set aside, for theEmperor.)31. SCORP^NA IZENSIS Jordan and Starks, new species.Head 2|^ to 2ir in length without caudal; depth 2f to 3^. DorsalXll, 10; anal III, 6. Pores of lateral line 23; suborbital series ofscales above lateral line, 41. Eye li to li in head; maxillary 2^V;interorbital 6 to 6^.Lower jaw usuall}'^ slightly projecting (scarcely projecting in type).Symph3^seal knob large. Mouth large, the maxillary scarcely reach- FlG. 10.?SCORP.ENA IZENSIS.ing to below posterior rim of orbit. Teeth rather coarse, in moderatebands on mandible and sides of premaxillaries, becoming very wideon front of the latter, in ver}^ narrow ))ands on vomer and palatines.Interorbital space wide and concave; as compared with its width muchmore shallow than S. jivihrlata and S. onarla. The interorbital ridgesare rather high and have a channel between them. Cranial spineshigh, but not ver}^ sharp. Nasal, preocular, superocular, postocular,coronal, parietal, and nuchal spines present; behind upper posteriormargin of eye is a small bunch of 2 or 3 small spines, and behind itare 2 low spines preceded by ridges; sul)orbital ridge with the spinesnot set directl}^ in line, terminating in a double spine at edge of pre-opercle, below which are 4 small preopercle spines, the upper 2sharp, the lower 2 blunt; no spine at center of preorbital; 2 operclespines at the ends of diverging ridges, the lower ridge man}' times the ?Pro(;. U. S. Nat. Miis., XXIII, 1900, p. 365. NO. i*M. SCORPMNOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 135stronger; proorhitiil with a lurgo spine at its lower postei'ior edge, apair of suiallci' spines near themiddle of its loAver edgi' and an anteriorrounded lol)e. A ti'ntatde heliind each of the ocular spines^ that behindsuperocular much tlu^ largest, and nndtitid; a small one ))ehiiid theparietal and michal spines: a multitid one on posterior margin of ante-rior nostril; a few Hat tentacles on soft part of eye above iris; onebehind each suboihitul spine; a large, flat, thin Hap behind posteriorpreorbital spine, extending over maxillary, and similar ones alongk)wer edge of preopercle; a long, simple tentacle at anterior end ofpreorbital, extending down to a level with teeth, a large flat flap oniinier ])ase of pectoral just behind upj^er rays, a series of thin flat onesalong lateral line and similar ones variously scattered over the body,(rill rakers very short and blunt, (! or 7 developed on anterior limb orarch, ''^ or -t rudimentary ones in front of them. Peritoneum white.Pectorals extending a little past ventrals, which usually do not ivachto vent; 10 pectoral rays branched, 9 simple. Third dorsal spine 2| inhead, the first half as long; the eleventh 5^; the twelfth ?>\. Secondanal spine a little stronger and slightly longer than first (?), its length3^V ii^ head. Caudal slightl}' rounded.Color in spirits greyish, with larg(> irregular blotches of brownishslate color on back and sides, with light areas between; a dark blotcha))ove opercle flap involving base of front of dorsal l)ack to third spine;a similar one on l)ase of middle dorsal spines, running obliquely back-ward and downward, l)ut very much broken up and irri^gular; a darkpatch on posterior dorsal spines, and another under middle of softdorsal; the light areas ))etwe(Mi ruiuiing out on spines and I'ays ofdorsal to their tips; a dark l)and across snout and another betweeneyes, leaving a light band between; dark sjiots on pectoral rays, form-ing irr(\gular cross lines; soft dorsal, antil and caudal with scatteredsmall black spots; ventrals colorless. Axil colorless, or with diflused})lack spots variable in number and position.The color of a spiM-imen from Suruga Wiy when first examined wasas follows: Dee}) maroon purple, variegated with olive al)ove andshaded with piidvish, below pinkish with golden shades; flaps fleshcolor, sides and toj) of head maroon purple, cheeks golden below;lower jaw and belly whit(\ Dorsal pale with crimson edge and a fewdusky mottlings, the soft dorsal pale, reddish edged, axil i)lain yel-lowish. Pectoral pale, centi'ally flesh color, spotted with round dotsof maroon ci'imson. Caudal pale, violet at tip.This species may be distinguished from Scorpiena onarld and *!?.Jiiiil>rl>ifcies we have several large specimensdredged by the U. S. Fish Connnission steamer Alhairo.ss in SurugaBay, and smtillei- on(>s in Sagami Hay and Totomi Bay. The localitiesare: 87o8, Osi' Point, Suiuga Bay, )'.(? to T(? fathoms; 8Ti;'>, same local- 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.ity, 45 to 4S futhoms; 3715, same locality, 68 to 65 fathoms; 3717,same locality, 63 to 100 fathoms; 3720, same locality, 63 fathoms;3729, Omai Point, Totomi, 31 fatlioms; 3751, Sune Point, SagamiBay, 18 to 52 fathoms; 3756, same locality, 57 to 77 fathoms; 3763,same locality, 19 to 52 fathoms; 3765, same locality, 6S to 15 fathoms.The typo is the largest specimen, 215 mm. in length; it is numbered50909 in the U. S. National Museum. Cotypes are No. 7366, LelandStanford Junior Ichth3"ological Collection.(Izu, a province of Japan, occupying the promontory l)etweenSagami and Suruga bays.)9. SCORPv^NOPSIS Heckel. Scorpfcnojx'ii.'i IIeckel, Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, p. 159.Scorptenodcs Bleeker, Ind. Ned. Pise, IV, about 1S60, p. 452 {dlaholus).Scorjjsenichthys Bleeker, Bijdr. Ichth. Boero, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., XI, about1862, p. 402 {cirrhosuft, not of Girard).This genus differs from Scorpxna in the absence of palatine teeth.The species are of still larger size and more peculiar appearance.{(jKopTraiva^ Scorpffina; oi/ns, appearance.) a. Pectorals never reaching niuch beyond tips of ventrals, never to anal; cranialspines entire; coloration greatly varied eJrrhosa, 32.an. Pectorals very long, reaching second anal spine; cranial spines much broken upwith serrations; coloration less elaborately varied kago.^himatia, .33.32. SCORPiENOPSIS CIRRHOSA (Thunberg).ONIKASAGO; ROKUBU (PILGRIM).Perca cirrhosa Thvsberg, 'Nya Handl., Stockliohn, XIV, 1793, p. 199, pi. vii,fig. 2; near Nagasaki.Scorpama cirrhosa Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 318;Jajjan, Coll. Langsdorff; Malabar. ? Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843,p. 42, pi. XVII, figs. 2, 3; Nagasaki. ? Bleeker, Nieuwe Nalez., Japan, about1863, p. 79.?GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 120; China, Japan, RaoulIsland, Amboina. ? Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Boshu.Scorpvmopsis cirrhosus Bleeker, Bydr. Ichth. Boero, Nat. Ned. Ind., XI, p. 402;Buru; Scorpaenoides, 1876, p. 32; Singapore, Ternate, Burn, Amboina.? Scorpiena lennina Richardson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 216; Canton.Head 2| in length without caudal; depth 3. Dorsal XII, 10; analIII, 6. Pores of lateral line 23. E^^e 6 in head. If in snout; maxil-lary 21 in head; interor])ital width 1^ in orbit.Lower jaw projecting; no knob at symphysis. Mouth large; themaxillary reaching to below posterior margin of orbit. Teeth rathercoarse; set in very wide bands. Interor])ital rather deeply concave;the interorbital ridges high and sharp; not ending in spines behind; adeep channel between them, divided anteriorly by a median ridgerunning back from premaxillar}" process. Premaxillar}^ processesvery high, forming a deep notch in profile between them and raisedsuperorbital crests. Cranial spines large; nasal, preocular, superocu- NO. 13.^1 . SCORP^NOID FISHES OF .L IPA X?.TORDAX AXD STARKS. 137lar, postoeular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchal spines present. Asuiall doii])l(^ spino just ])(>hiiians, III, 1884,p. 28; and in Fische Japans, IV, 1887, pi. in; Ka>ro8hiina.Head 3 times in total length; depth 3^; Dorsal XII, 10; anal III, 5.Lateral line 22; scales 44 or 45.Head 1^ times longer than broad. Diameter of eye 11 in snout, 5^in head, and H in interorbital width. Maxillary reaching to undermiddle of eye. The ci'anijil ridges and spines are broken uj) into manysmall spines. Interorbital with a rather deep channel. Pit at occiputbroader than long. Under the anterior part of the eye is a deep pit.No teeth on palatines. Second anal spiiu^ somewhat longer, thoughnot strouii'cr than the third. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUfiEUM. vol. xxvii.Color deep gray with broad, dark, diffused cross bauds; under sideof head dark; all of the fins clouded with dark; posterior half ofcaudal with a broad, dark cross band, which is crossed with light, wavylines; inner side of pectoral light blue, anteriorly with dark spots;posterior edge of pectoral with a lu-oad dark border. (Steindachnerand Doderlein.)This species may be known from Scorj^fenopNis cirrJiosa hy the long-pectoral, which is shown in the plate to reach to above the second orthird anal si:)ine, and by the serrated cranial ridges. It is not repre-sented in our collections.(Kagoshima, basket-island, a port in Satsunia, in south(M-n .lapan, 'noted for the richness of its fish fauna.)lO. SETARCHES Johnson. *S'fi/ffrc7/<:".v JoiixsoN, Proc. Zool. 8oc.. Lond., 1862, p. 177 {rjuntlieri).BathyHebast.es Steindachner and Doderlein, Denschr. Akad. Wiss. Wein, 1884,p. 207 (albescens).Head and l)ody compressed; head scaleless above, its bones cavern-ous; only 1 pair of spines at occiput; no transverse groove at occiput,only small spines or none above orbit; opcrcle and preopercle stronglyarmed with straight, long spines. Eye moderate, near, but not touch-ing, profile. Mouth terminal, broad, somewhat oblique; maxillaryextending to posterior edge of 03'e, much expanded behind. Lowerjaw somewhat projecting, the small symphyseal knol) received inrostral notch. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Pre-orbital with '2 oi- 3 spines. Opercle scaly. Scales cycloid, moderate.Lateral line a broad, scaleless groove with dermal (about 27 to 80)tubes. No dermal flaps. Dorsal deeply notched, with 12 spines, itsorigin in front of pectoral; soft dorsal shorter, the rays fewer thanthe spines. Anal inserted under end of dorsal, its spines strong,graduated. Pecstoral broad and bony, Avith 20 or more rays, of whicha considerable number of juedian ones are branched. Branchiost(^gals6 or T. Pyloric appendages few. Deep water.(Etymology not obvious.)34. SETARCHES ALBESCENS ( Steindachner and Doderlein).STIIKO KA.SAGO (WHITE ROCK-FISH).Balhysebasfes albescens STEiNnAonNEU and Dodeui,ein, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p.207; off Tokyo.Setarches albescens Steindachner, Fische .Tai)ans, IV, 1887, p. ail, same speci-mens. ? Jordan and Snyder, Check List, litOl, ]>. 99.Head 2| in length without caudal; depth 3|. Dorsal XII, 10; analIII, 5. Pores of lateral line 27, series of scales below lateral line run-ning-downward and backward, 58. Ej^eliin head; interorbital width4|; maxillar}' Ij",,; third anal spine 3g; second anal spine Ig. NO. I3r,i. SCORP^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?.TORT).\N A NT) STARK'S. 1 8ULower jjiw projoctino-; .S3'^mph3'^seal knol) moderate. Moutli lar^e;niaxilliuv projcctiiio' to below posterior rim of ()r])it. Eve iiiitclishorter than snout. Teeth in very narrow hands. Interor})ital spacerather wide and convex, the bones of top of liead very cavernous.Nasal spines very tiny: preocnhir spines small, ])ut sharp, scarcely ris-ing- above surface of superocular rim, l)ut slightly projecting laterally;parietal spines prtH'eded l)}^ very low, scarcely evident ridg-es; a lowridge running backward from upper third of eye and ending in asmall spine above i)reopercle ridge.Opercle with two ridges originating at a conmion point near i)reo-percle ridge, dixerging. and ending in 2 sharp spines near edge ofopercle. Preopercle with 5 long spines, the next to the upper onethe largest, its length from preopercle ridge tive-sixths of diameter ofQ\e; the next ])elow and the upper one subequal, the uppiM" one on alevel with suborbital ridge, the lowest one pointing downward. Pre-orbital with ?> large sharp spines; the posterior one the largest andpointing somewhat backward, the anterior one pointing almost directl}'^forward, and the middle one slightl}" forward. A slit behind last gillarch, half the diameter of the eje in length. Gill-rakers rather shortand slender, widely spaced, the longest one-third eye; 10 of them onanterior liml) of arch.Scal(\s til in and cycloid. Head naked everywhere, except on opercleand ch(M>ks. wh(n-(^ the scales are inconspicuous. Fins naked.Pectoral reaching to above base of tirst soft ray of anal, outline of))cct()ral rounded, its lower rays swollen, but only the lower three orfour simple; it has 21 rays. Ventrals reaching three-fifths of the dis-tiuice from their base to front of anal. Fourth dorsal spine four-fifths length of longest dorsal ra3's, 3^ in head; the eleventh 9 in head.Caudal truncate, or ver}' slightly rounded. If. in head. Peritoneumwhite.Alcoholic specimen showing scarcel.v n-n}^ coloi-; a little l)rown pig-ment on back, a few dots in front of pectoral and ch(M>ks, a dark shadeon opercle, caus(>d b^^ dusky lining of oper<'les sliowing through; finscolorless. The}' were doubtless red in life.ller(? descril)ed from a specimen 22 cm. in length. The picture ofthis species given by Steindachner and Doderlein, Kentniss dcr Fische .bipans (IV), Plate I, agrees ver}^ well with our specimen.This species is known to us from several specimens in the ImperialInivei-sity Museum, one of which Avas presented to the Leland Stan-ford Junior University Museum, taken in deej) water off Mlsaki. Itwas dredged by the U. S. Fisji Conunission steamer A/lnih-o.^.s atStation ;>T20, off Omai Point, Totomi, in VA fathoms.{((]l>('.\c(')is, whitish.) 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. 11. LYTHRICHTHYS Jordan and Starks.Lythrichihys Jordan and Starks, new genus (eulabes).This g-enus differs from Setarehes chiefly in having- the interor])it{ilconcave, the head more strong-ly armed with spines, the next to theupper preopercle spine (which in Setar'cJieK is the largest one) scarcelydeveloped, with one less dorsal spine, and the last spine not longerthan the one preceding it. The notch l)etween dorsals is very deep,almost separating them.Small species of the sea bottom in rather deep water.(It'^po?', gore, from the red color; ix^vg, lish.)35. LYTHRICHTHYS EULABES Jordan and Starks, new species.Head -i^ in length, without caudal; depth 3. Dorsal XI, 10; analHI, 5. Pores of lateral line 26. Ej^e 1 in head; interorbital 3f ; maxillary 2.Body shaped as in the shorter species of Sehastodef^ ; the back arched, Fig. 11.?LYTHRICHTHYS Kri.ABES.highest at first dorsal spines, and the ventral outline from isthmus toanal straight.Head large, wider than body. Mouth little oblique, the tip of pre-maxillary on a level with lower margin of orbit; maxillary extendingto below posterior orbital margin. Lower jaw slightly projectingand with a small knob at symphysis, its tip fitting into a I'ostral notch.Teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Interorbitalspace concave; at its middle a pair of interorbital ridges with rather awide channel between. Nasal and preocular spines small, but rathersharp; superocular and postocular spines smaller and blunt, repre-sented by notches in the superorbital ridge ; parietal ridges moderatelyhigh and sharp, ending in rather ])lunt, small spines. Preopercle with5 spines, the uppermost the longest, long and sharp, projecting beyond NO. 1351. SCORP^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 141preoperclo edg-e, a distance equal to half the diameter of e3'^e, the mid-dle one but little .shorter, the one between very short, triangular, aswide at its base as it is long-, the lowest short, rather sharj) and hookedforward. Preorbital armed with 3 long, sharp spines, the anterior onedirected forward, the posterior one downward and backward, and themiddle one downward. Opercle with 2 ridg'es radiating from a ])ointnear opercle and ending- in spines. Gill rakers slender and moderatelylong, 10 on anterior limb of arch.Scales very thin and cycloid. Head naked except cheeks and oper-cle. Lateral line with large dermal tubes. Fins naked.Pectoral reaching to above middle of anal base. Ventrals nearlyreaching vent. Dorsals nearly separated; last 3 spines not graduatedin size, last 2 very tiny and subequal in length, the preceding onetwice as long; the fourth spine longest, 2i in head. Peritoneumwhite.Body (red in life) with dots of dark brown scattered sparsely overit. Spinous dorsal dusky; other fins colorless, doubtless red in life.One small specimen 48 mm. in length, dredged b}^ the U. S. Fish Com-mission steamer AJhatross (at 3708) in Suruga Baj^, off Ose Point, in60 to T<> fathoms. It bears the number 50010 in the U. S. NationalMuseum.{svXa/J?/5^ w^ary.) 12. PTEROIS Cuvier.Pseudomonoptems Klein, Missus. Pisces, V, 1756, p. 76 (lumbinomial) (rolitans).Pseudopteriis Klein, same type.Les Pteroix CvyiE,K, R'-giie Animal, Isted., 1817, p. 286 (voUtatii^) . PteroiH Oken, Isi.s, 1817, p. 1182, same type.JYems Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. ."Jol {rolitam).Macrochi/rus Svt-AissoN, Nat. Hist. Classn. Anim., II, 1839, p. 264 {miles).Iteroleptus SwAistiOS, Nat. Hist. Classn. Anim., II, 1839, p. 264 {longlcauda) . Reropfems SwAmsoN, Nat. Hist. Classn. Anim., II, 1839, p. 264 (radiafa).Bod}' elongate, compressed, covered with njoderate or small-sizedscales, which are usually not ciliated. Bones of head well armed; theui)per surface of head with cirri; opercle with a spine; mouth large,with teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines; dorsal tin elevated,with 12 or 13 spines, which are slender, sharp, and joined by mem-brane only at ))ase; soft dorsal Avith liranched raj's; anal with threespines and to 8 branched rays; caudal rounded or truncate; ventralmoderate, or long, the rays I, 5. Pectorals greatly elongate, the rayssimpl(> and largely' free from the base, the tips reaching to or beyondthe caudal tin.Species of rather large size, abounding about the coral reefs in thetiopical Pacific, dreaded by fishermen on account of their venomousspines. The coloration is very showy, most of the species being ye\-lowish with dark' bands.{nrepov^ ^ving.) 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. a. Doi>al spines 13; scales not ciliated.h. Scales very small, in 95 transverse series, 14 scales lietween median dorsal spinesand lateral line; soft parts of vertical tins with l)ro\vn sjjots; ventrals withyellow spots ; pectoral rays about 15 volUans, 36.bb. Scales larger, ' ' in 70 transverse series" (39 as usually counted) ; 8 scales betweenmedian dorsal spines and lateral line; soft parts of vertical fins faintly spot-ted; ventrals with dusky sijots; pectoral rays about 13... lunulata, 37.36. PTEROIS VOLITANS (Linnaeus).MINOKASAGO (RAIN-COAT ROOKFISH) LION-FISH.Gasterosteus volitans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 175(S, p. 296, after Percndorso-monopterygio, capite cavernono of Gronow, Mua. No. 191.Pterois volitans Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, \i. 352,fig. 88; Molucca, Amboyna, He de France, Bourbon, Ceylon, Red Sea, Sey-chelles, Pondicherry.?GtJNTHER Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 122; Cape of GoodHope, Madras, China, Aml)oina, Sydney, Cape Upstart, Fische der Siidsee,1875, p. 81; Palauls., Tahiti.?Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Miyako-shima, Riukiu Islands.Pseudomonopicrds volitdntt Bleeker, Acad. Roy. Sci. Amst., 1876, p. 44.Scorpxna miles Bennett, Fishes Ceylon, 1828, p. 2, Ceylon.Pterois muricata Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 363,Red Sea.Iterois geniserra Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 366,Ava.This species is thus described by Giinther:D. XII, I, 11; A. Ill, 6 or 7; scales 90, p\'Ioric caica 3; vertebrae10 + 11.Nape naked, space between eyes vevy concave, the width equal tothe diameter of the e^^e which is If in snout. Pectoral fins reachingto or beyond the caudal fin. Color red; snout, head, and whole bodywith a great many blackish cross-streaks; all the rays of vertical finsspotted, the spots on the pectorals and ventrals larger and betweenthe rays.This species is very widel}^ diffused throughout the East Indies.Two specimens from the Riu Kiu Islands, one being from Miyakoshima,are in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo. Another specimen is fromOgosahara in the Bonin Islands. There is no other certain record fromJapan.{volitans, flying.)37. PTEROIS LUNULATA Schlegel.MINOKASAGO," YAMANOKAMI (MOUNTAIN WITCH).Pterois lunulata Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 46, pi. xv; Nagasaki. ? Richardson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 213; Canton. ? Bleeker, Verb. Kon.Ak. Wet., I, about 1862, p. 3; Japan.?GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 124;Japan. ? Steindachner and Doderlein, Fische Japans, II, 1884, p. 31; ?Mino means Japanese rain coat. Kasago is an ancient name applied to Sebas-tiscus marrnoratus. NO. 1351. SCORP^^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND 8TARKS. 143Tokyo.?IsiiiKAWA, Prel. Cat, 1897, p. 50; Tokyo, Enoshinia.?.Jordanami Snyder, Cherk-List, FisheH .Jajian, 1901, p. 99; Tokyo.Pseudoniouojiteras InnuhUus Blekker, Ac. Roy. Sci. Aiiist., 187(3, p. 47; Japan;Singapore.Head 2i in length without ejuulul; depth 3; dorsal XIII, 12; analIII, 8. Scales 39; pores of lateral line 23. Ej-e 5 in head; interor-hital -l-i; snout 2^; maxillaiy 2^.Lower jaw not projeetino-; symphyseal knob well developed; tip oflower jaw fitting into a deep, toothless, rostral notch, but withoutteeth developed in a knob at tip. Palatines toothless; vomer with atrianoultir patch of teeth; moderate bands of villiform teeth in jaws.Maxillary reachino- to below anterior edge of pupil; backward extend-itio- processes from premaxillarics forming a conspicuous bunch onsnout, and making a notch in upper protile between them and raisedsupraorbital rim. Nasal spines small and sharp; preocular spineswhen present very small, sometimes absent; a small knob of bonepresent just l)ehind preocular spine on supraorbital rim, to whichsupraorbital filament is attached; a rather sharp, triangular, postocu-lar spine present; parietals with veiy high sharp ridges ending in aspine; a nuchal spine close behind; 2 spines behind eye in a line withlateral line; suborbitals with a slight ridge broken up into 2 smallspines; preopercle with 3 spines and a rudimentar}" one below; theu})per one the largest. Preorbital with an anterior low rounded lobeand 2 angulated tilament-bearing lobes behind; no spines. Interor-bital space very deeply concave and with two slight ridges, betweenwhich is a shallow wide channel. Supraorbital filament small in theadult, long in young examples (in a specimen IT cm. in length the}'are as long as the interorbital width); a long filament on posteriorangle of preorbital, longer than diameter of eye, and a smaller one,scarcely a third as long, on angle at middle of lower edge of preor-bital; 2 filaments on lower edge of preorbital; a filament on posterioredge of anterior nostril. Gill-rakers very short, 10 of them onanterior limb of arch. Snout, occiput, mandible, maxillaiy, and inter-o})ercle naked; opercle, cheeks, and interorbital with scales; the scaleson interorbital very fine.Length of pectoral varjdng with size and sex; in male examples 21cm. in length it reaches to middle of caudal I'ays, in those from 14 to10 cm. it reaches to the tip of the caudal; in a female 21 cm. inlength it barely reaches to base of caudal. The tips of the pectoralrays are filamentous in males; in females-a ])road thin membrane, freeon the lower edge, extends to the tips of the upper pectoral raj's.Membrane of upper pectoral ray incised about to the basal fourth ofthe second ray; that of second ray about to basal two-fifths of thirdray; that of third to basal two-thirds or three-fourths of fourth; themembrune of the upper 3 rays is incised to flu- next ray below each, 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.each ray bearing- the free membrane only on its lower edge; the mem-brane between the other rays is notched, each ru}^ bearing an equalshare of the free membrane. Dorsal spines of males longer than thoseof females, and the membrane growing gradualh^ less to tip of spine;in females the membrane is wider and is of same width nearly to tipof spine; fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth spines subequal; the second,third, and fourth growing slightly and graduall}" shorter anteriorly;the first abruptly shorter, three-fifths the length of fifth; the ninth,tenth, and eleventh growing gradually shorter; the twelfth and thir-teenth abruptly shorter, the former 2i times in fifth. Ventrals reach-ing to front of anal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Peritoneumwhite.Color in spirits: Body crossed with many dark brown or blackishnarrow bars across light ground. Intororbital space with a dark lon-gitudinal stripe running from behind eye to premaxillary processes,where it meets a V-shaped mark; a band from supraorbital rim toanterior preorbital barbel; two or three short ones before it; a bandcrossing iris and running downward from ej^e; three narrower ones infront of it radiating from eye; a band across occipital region justbehind eye, continuous with its fellow of the opposite side, runningobliquely backward across preopercular spines to edge of opercle; anarrower one in front of it; a band across parietal ridges runningobliquely backward to edge of opercle to above base of upper pectoralray; one or two shorter ones in front of it and three behind; a wideband from second dorsal spine crossing a conspicuous dark spot behindopercular flap and extending on axil; parallel to the last is a narrowerband from third spine crossing body; a shorter, still narrower streakjust in front of it; a wide band from fourth dorsal spine running down-ward and back parallel to the last and meeting a similar band fromsixth spine running straight downward at a point some distance belowlateral line, inclosing a short streak from fifth spine which stops atlateral line; behind this bands are parallel and run straight downward;a moderately wide one from eighth spine; a wider one from tenth;three narrow ones from eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth spines, themiddle one the widest; a wide one from second ray; a narrower onefrom fourth; a wide one from seventh, and a very narrow one underlast ray. All of these bars involve membrane of spinous dorsal orbase of soft dorsal. Two stripes across caudal peduncle and one atbase of caudal rays. Each dorsal spine with three or four large darkspots having an interval between each equal in width to the spots.Each ray of pectoral crossed with several large spots equal in width tointerval between; their edges soft and blended; on the membrane ateach side they run obliquel}" backward. Rays of ventrals crossed byfour or five distinct but irregular dark bars, which usually cross themembrane, but sometimes are broken between each ray. Small exam-ples with distinct small black spots on dorsal, anal, and caudal, which NO. 1351. SCORPMNOW FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARRS. 145disappear more or less on the larj>-er ones, though u.sually traces of afew of them remain.Except where otherwise stated, measurements in this descriptionwere taken from male specimens 21 cm. in length. Specimens werecollected b}' Jordan and Snyder at Tokyo, Misaki, Yokohama, andWakanoura. It is a rather common market fish, but in market s])eci-mens the first dorsal is removed by the fishermen, who dread its sting.{lun ulatus, crescent-shaped. ) 13. EBOSIA Jordan and Starks.Ebosia Jordan and Starks, new genus (bleekeri).This genus is allied to Pierois, differing in the shorter pectoral,which barely reaches the base of the caudal, and in which the rays areunited by membrane nearly to their tips. From Dendrochlrm Swain-son, with which genus it agrees in these respects, it differs in thepresence of a large saber shaped angulated ridge of bone rising on eachside of the nape. The dorsal spines are high and joined by membranenearly to their tips. The scales are large and rough. The singleknown species is thus far known only from Japan.(Eboshi, an ancient Japanese hehnet or head-dress shaped like thenuchal appendages in this genus, hence the vernacular name of Eboshi-Kasago.) 38. EBOSIA BLEEKERI (Steindachner and Doderlein).EBOSHIKASAGO (HELMET ROCK-FISH).Pterois bleekeri Steindachner and Doderlein, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 32,pi. VI, fig. 1, la; Tokyo. ? Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Tokyo. ? Jordanand Snyder, Check List, 1901, p. 99; Tokyo.Head 2| in body; depth 2f. D, XIII, !). A, HI, 7. P, lO. Eye4 in head, snout 3|.Maxillary extending to middle of eye; occipital crest, thin, lunate,varying in height; perhaps smaller in females; upper orbital marginirregularly toothed; tentacles all short over eye on anterior nostril onpreorbital and i)reopercle. Interorbital space scaleless. Cheeks,opercle, and sides of posterior part of head with rough persistentscales. Preorbital (in male) rough. Longest dorsal spine, not quite3 in head. Pectorals not reaching caudal; ventrals usually reachinganal.Color much as in Pterois lunulata^ the fins 3^ellowish, only thepectorals showing l)road dark cross-])ars. Posterior part of head with :i dark band, which descends vertically to the posterior edge of opercle.Three dark bands radiating from eye. (Steindachner and Doderlein).This .species is known to us from a single example found in the marketat Tokyo by Mr. Otaki. It is very well figured b}' Steindachner andDoderlein.(Named for Pieter van Bleeker).Proc. N. M. vol. xxvii?03 10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.14. APISTUS Cuvier.Apisius CiTviER, Regne Animal, 10th ed., 1828 {alatas).Fterichthys SwAisao^, Nat. Hist., II, 1839, p. 265 {carinatus).Polemius Kavp, Wiegman's Archiv. 1858, p. 333 {alatas).Body oblong-, compressed, covered with moderate or small scales.Head without spinous crests above, the sides rough. Orbit serrate.Preorbital with three spines, the posterior elongate and directed back-ward; preopercle with -i to 6 spines; opercle with 2. Mouth large;teeth on vomer and palatines. Dorsal tin long, beginning behind theeye, deeply notched, the spines 15, the soft ra3^s 7 to 9; anal rays III,T or 8. Pectorals elongate, acute, of 11 rays, connected by membrane,the lower ray free. Ventral rays I, 5. Caudal tin rounded. Smalltishes of the coasts of southern Asia, notable for their long pectoralfins and for the envenomed dorsal spines.{artiffToz^ perfidious.) a. Scales about 72 in lengthwise series; maxillary 2i in head; caudal tin with 6 or 7narrow cross bands erolans, 39.aa. Scales about 60; maxillary 2\ in head; caudal with three broad irregular darkbars renenana, 40.39. APISTUS EVOLANS Jordan and Starks, new species.HIREKASAGO (LONG-FINNED ROCK-FISH).Apistus alatus Bleeker, Ac. Roy. Sci. Amst., 1876, p. 59, pi. iii, fig. 2; Kiusiu(not ApiMus al<(tU:S Cuvier and Valenciennes, ApiMus car'matns Blocli andSchneider). ? Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, ]>. 50; Sagami Bay. ? Jordan andSnyder, Check List, 1901, p. 99.Head 21 in length without caudal; depth 3|; dorsal XV, 1>; analIII, 8; scales 72, counting series above lateral line ruiniing down andforward. Eye 4^ in head; maxillarv 2^; interorbital 10.Lower jaw with a well-developed knol) at symthysis strongly pro-jecting and sharp at tip, fitting into a deep rostral notch. Mouthoblique, the front of premaxillaries on level with lower margin ofpupil. Posterior margin of eye nearer tip of snout than end of oper-cular flap by a diameter of the pupil. Maxillar}^ scarcely extendingto anterior margin of pupil. Teeth on premaxillaries in a narrowband widest at sides, becoming narrow and pointed in front; a widetoothless interval in front; ])and of teeth on lower jaw scarcely widerin front; the palatine and vomerine l)ands very narrow; those on thevomer in a sharply curved })and which is widest at the ends. Inter-orbital narrow and deeply concave, having parallel interorbital ridgeswith a narrow channel between, the ridges curve outward behind theeye and are contiiuious with the sharp parietal ridges. Suborbitalplates verj" wide, as wide as diameter of eye and covering cheek, theirsurface roughened with radiating ridges, as is that of opercle; alongtheir center is a ver}^ slight ridge continuous with large preopercular NO. 1351. SCORPjENOID fishes ofjapan?JORDANAND STARKS. 147 spine. Prcopoiclo with a iono- sharp spine and 4 blunt triangularones below, these not on preopercular ridge but on wide flat producededge of preopeivle; the next to the upi)er of the lower ])lunt spinesthe largest, the lowest but little developed. Opercle with 2 flat slightspines. Preorbital with a long curved spine at its posterior end reach-ing btickward to end of maxillary, and a pair of small spines at itsantei'ior end directed forward. Parietal ridges not ending in spines.From the upper posterior border of the eye a low broken ridge runsto tlu; anterior end of the lateral line. Superioi' anterior border ofeye denticulate. A long tentacle on each side of lower jaw three-fourths of diameter- of eye from its tip, and a smaller one at its tip.Pseudobranchia^ large; a short slit Ixdiind last gill; gill-rakers longand slender, the longest a little over half the diameter of eye; 16of them on anterior liml) of arch. Lower jaw and lower part of pre- Fui. VI.?Apisti's kvoi.ans. oi)ercle thickly (?()\'('r(Hl with very small jjores. Head naked, t'.\('e])ta little patch on cheek below su))orbital stay and ])ehind maxillary.Body, 1)i-east, and isthnms everywhere eveidy scaled; scales thinand not rough to the touch, ]>ut appearing under the lens coarselytoothed. Lateral line straight, not following contour of back. Finsnaked.Pectoral I'eaches to within half the diameter of the eye to the l)aseof the caudal rays. Pectoral rays all branched excei)t a couple of theshort lower ones; iuunl)er of va\h l(>; the upper one the longest.Detached pectoral ray equal to distance from tip of snout to tip oflarge preopercular spine. Ventrals reaching past vent but scarcely tofront of anal. Fourth dorsal spine 2 in head; frt)m the fourth to thetenth or eleventh spine the spines are subequal; the lirst is 'Ih in head,equal to the last; the next to the last the shortest, 4 in head. Thesecond dorsal ray the longest, 1|^ in head; when tin is depressed none 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.of the rays reat-h past the tips of the second and third; tips of last raysreach base of caudal; tips of the longest reach half the diameter of theeye past base of caudal. Anal spines graduated in length, the lirsteipial to the diameter of the eye, the third twice as long. Longestanal ra}^ li in head, and reaching- to base of caudal. CViudal rounded.Color: Under part of head, base of pectoral, and small area behindpectoral white; sides of head silvery; lower part of ))ody light, proba-bly silvery; back a uniform light brown becoming lighter l)elow andshading to the light lower parts; top of head and snout marbled withvermiculated light streaks; a broad light ]>and across nape, borderedwith white at ends of parietal ridges and in front of tirst dorsal spine;membrane of spinous dorsal white, mottled with darker; a small blackspot on meml)rane })ehind first spine; an oblong jet-black spot on mid-dle of spines from ninth to twelfth spine entireh^ surrounded with pureopaque white; soft dorsal crossed by irregular brown and white streaks;pectoral jet black, its upper and lower ray light; detached pectoralra}^ white; pectoral soiled white on inner surface; ventrals white,slightly dusky toward ends of ra3's; anal white with a black band insharp contrast ])ecomino- wider behind and including within its borderssome large spots of the white ground color; caudal crossed b}- 6 or 7narrow irregular wavy brown bands, with white intervals of equalwidth. Peritoneum white.This species diti'ers irovo-Ajyistus venenaiis in having the scales smaller,maxillary shorter, eye smaller, interorbital narrower, dorsal spineshigher, head rougher, preorl)ital spine longer, and the color different,especiall}' the pattern on caudal.A single specimen, the type, collected at Tokyo liy Professor Otaki,is 15 cm. in length, and is numbered 7303, ichthyological collections,Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.{evolcms^ flying away.) 40. APISTUS VENENANS Jordan and Starks, new species.Ajnstus alatus Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss., 1843, p. 41), j)l. xxii, lig. 2; Nag-asaki (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes, whose types came from Pondi-cherry=Ajnstus carinatus Bloch and Schneider). ? Steindachner andDoDERLEiN, Fische Japans, IV, 1884, p. 200; Kagoshima, Knchi.Head 3f in length without caudal; depth 3i. Dorsal XV, 1>; analIII, 8. Scales 60, counting series al)ove lateral line running downwardand forward. Eye 4 in head; maxillary 2i; interorbital U.Lower jaw projecting and iitting into a rostral notch. Posteriormargin of eye midway between tip of snout and end of opercular flap.Maxillary reaching just past front of pupil. Teeth in very narrowbands; narrower on palatines and vomer than on jaws; the bands onpremaxillaries narrower and pointed in front, and separated from eachother by a wide toothless area. Interorbital narrow and concave and NO. 1351. scnnp.j^xorD fishes ofja pan?Jordanand starks. 149having a narrow channel between the slight interorbital ridges. Sub-orbital plates very wide, covering cheek, a slight ridge along themcontinuous with ridge from large preopercular spine; the plates other-wise smooth. Opercle with 2 small spines at the ends of slight ridges.Preopercl(> with a long sharp spine and 4 short blunt ones below, thelargest forming an angle. rre()r])ital with a pair of small spines ante-riorl}' pointing forward, and a long, sharp, curved spine posteriori}!'which fails to reach the end of the maxillai'v by a distance nearl}^equal to diameter of pupil. Parietal ridges not bearing spines. Fromupper posterior border of aye. a slight broken ridge runs to beginningof lateral line. Superior anterior border of eye denticulate. A longtentacle at tip of mandible and one on each side of similar size half thediameter of the eye, behind it. Pseudobranchia^ large; a small slitbehind last gill arch; gill-rakers slender, equal to half eye; 14 of them Fig. 13. ? Apistus venenans.below angle of arch. Head entirely naked, except a small patch ofscales on cheek l)elow subor})itals and just l)ehind maxillai-y.Bodv, breast, and isthmus evenly scaled with soft pectinate scales.Lateral line straight. Fins naked.Pectoral reaches to just past ])ase of dorsal or to within a diameterof eye of caudal base; number of rays 10, all branched except acouple of the lowest short ones, the upper ra}^ the longest. Detachedpectoral ray If in head. Ventrals reaching to base of second analspine. Fourth dorsal spine 2| in head; last spine 3 J, ; next to the last 8^.Tips of dorsal rays reach past base of caudal. First anal spine equalin length to the diameter of the eye. the thii'd twice as long, and thesecond in length midway between. Caudal rounded.Color: Lower parts of head and body white, sides of head silvery;back and sides of body uniform light l)rownish. shading gradually tothe white of lower parts; abroad dark l)and across topof head, extend- 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.ing down on the sides to upper margin of pupil, its anterior edgeabove middle of eyes, its posterior edge at posterior end of parietalridges, giving place to a light crescent in front of dorsal spine; it isirregularl}^ vermiculated with white lines, and between the parietalridges is a white spot; snout dusky; a dark l)and running anteriorlyfrom eye; membrane of spinous dorsal white, mottled wdth dark, adark sjDot between first and second spine, and a large black spotbetween eighth and thirteenth spines surrounded by white; soft dorsalwith 8 or 4 dark bands across rays with intervals of white betweenequal to them in width; pectoral jet black on outer surface, white oninner; detached ray white; ventrals white, dusky toward tips, extremetips white; first 2 anal spines white, the rest of fin dusky and with adarker band across middle of rays; caudal crossed by 3 rather broadirregular bars, the one at tips of ra3^s darker, lietween them 3 whitebands, equal to them in width, the first across ]>ase of ra3^s. Perito-neum white.The following color note made from a fresh specimen: Color brown;pale markings, dirty white; dark ones l)rown or ])lack; no red oryellowish.This species differs from Day's description of specimens from theIndian Ocean, particularly in not having the parietal ridges ending inspines, and from his plate in having the soft dorsal uuich higher, thefirst dorsal spine lower, in having the black dorsal spot surroiuided 1)vwhite, not shading into a dusky ))and along entire top of spinousdorsal, and in having no red or yellowish in life.The type and single specimen taken at Nagasaki. It is 10.5 mm.in length and is numbered 7371 Ichthyological Collections, LelandStanford Junior Universit}^ Museum.It is apparently the species described as Apistus alatns hj Schlegel,while Bleeker's figure seems to belong rather to A. ewjJani^. Bothseem to ])e distinct from Apistus carinatus= A. alatns of the EastIndies.{venenans, poisoning).15. MINOUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.Minous CuYiER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 420 (nvora).Cor?/<7io6ai)ercular spiiu^ tniiicate; ventral^ r('acliiii<^ front of anal ; caudal with2 broad, ilark l)ars adumsi, 41.an. Lower preopercular spine hooked hackward; vciitrals .scarcely rea<'hing vent;caudal with irregular bars eclilgonias, 42. 41. MINOUS ADAMSI " Richardson.OKOZE.Minotis adamM RicnAunsoN, Voy. Samarang, 1850, p. 7, i)l. 11, figs. 4, 5; 8ea ofChina.Head (exclusive of projecting lower jaw) 2| in length withoutcaudal; depth 3. Dorsal X, 11; anal 11 or 12. P^ye-lin head; maxil-lary 2iLower jaw strongly projecting and entering into the upper profile.Teeth in narrow bands on jaws in two widely separated patches onvomer. Maxillary extending to below front margin of pupil. Inter-or])ital wide and concave, having a pair of ridges with a channelbetween, along which runs a slight median ridge which divides anddiverges posteriorly; interorbital width 1\ in length of orbit.Preorbital with a long sharp posterior spine which reaches nearh^ orquite to end of maxillary, and a small spine in front pointing down-ward. Preopercle with 6 spines, the upper one short and triangular,directed slightly upward; the next below by far the longest and verysharp, reaching to edge of opercle; the two next l)elow short andrather blunt, and the lower two directed downward and truncate attheir tips. Bones of head, where the}^ appear, eveiywhere rough anddeeply sculptured; the suborbitals are wide, rough, bony l)ucklers bear-ing a prominent but blunt ridge, a transverse depression on top ofhead behind eye separating the postorbital from the interorbitalregion. Parietals produced in wide, blunt, rough ridges, Avhich endbehind in blunt spines. A similar ridge on side of head behind ej^eextending out on post-temporal and ending in a spine. Post-tem-porals apparently firmly joined to cranium. Nasals ending above in "The following is the synonymy of tlie closely related Indian species, Mhioui,vumodactiilua (Blocli and Schneider):Scorpivna monodactyla Blocit and Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. li<4.Afitioitx iiionodactylus Cuviek and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 182i?, p.424, pi. Lix, fig. 2.?GiTNTiiER, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 148; IMadra-s, Borneo,China. ? Bi.eekek, Ac. Sci. Roy. Amst., 187(5, p. 04; Java, r.orneo, Ce]el)es,I>anka, Singapore, Sumatra, Pinang.Apistmt mhioas Cuvier, Regne Auim.,2d ed., 1828, after Russell. ^fi)lnHs iroora Cuvirk and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Ptiiss., IV, 182VI, j>. 421;India (Woora-minoo of Russell).Corythohatus woora Cantor, Cat., 1S.">0, p. 4ri; Malay rcninsula. 152 PROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.produced angles, but not in spines, their upper edge denticulate, as isthe entire supraorbital rim. A short slit behind last gill arch. Gillrakers verj" small and blunt, 9 or 10 of them on anterior limb of arch.A tentacle on middle of mandible below, and a smaller one midwaybetween it and tip of mandible. Lower parts of head and isthmus,especiall}^ maxillary and lips, thickly covered with blunt, fleshy papil-lae; upper parts more sparsely covered, and traces of them may oftenbe made out with the aid of a lens, scattered over the body. Lateralline represented by 17 or IS small inconspicuous pores.First dorsal spine situated three-fifths or three-fourths the diameterof eye distant from the transverse ridge across top of head behindeye; the first spine the longest of the anterior spines, its lengthequal to distance from tip of snout to front of pupil; the last spinethe longest, longer than the first spine b}^ the longest diameter of thepupil. No notch ])etween dorsal spines and rays, the longest of thelatter much longer than the spines; the tips of the last ra3^s reachpast the base of the caudal. Pectoral reaching to above base of thirdor fourth anal ray; the pectoral rays all simple, 11 in number.Detached pectoral ray in large specimens (12 cm. in length) equal inlength to distance from tip of snout to middle of eye; comparativelylonger in smaller specimens usually not reaching front of anai.Ventrals usually reaching about to front of anal, adnate to body,except a small portion at ends of rays; free portion ecpial to diameterof eye. Caudal rounded. Distance from base of pectoral filament toanal nearly equal to head.Color brownish above, usually with vermicidated diagonal or longi-tudinal light streaks above and below lateral line, but never crossingit; lateral line runs along a brown streak and often has a light streakabove and below defining it; above the light and dark streaks extendon dorsal; lower part of sides, bell}^, and under part of head white;a black spot on membrane behind tip of each dorsal spine; a largerblack spot across tips of first 3 or 1 dorsal rays; anal, ventrals, andpectoral black, shaded at base into the white of lower parts of l)ody;the pectoral crossed by inconspicuous lighter vermiculated streaks, itsinner surface white; caudal crossed by 2 wide solid dusky bands,separated by an interval narrower than themselves; these bands veryconstant; scarcely anj^ variation in a hundred specimens examined.Peritoneum white.Here described from specimens about 12 cm. in length. Upwardof a hundred specimens were obtained by us from Onomichi, Nagasaki,Kobe, and Wakanoura. This species is closely allied to Mmcmsmonodactylus of the East Indies, diflering in the stouter body shorterfirst dorsal species and in other details of color and structure. InRichardson's figure of Mlnous adconsi^ the belly is shown as veryshort, the pectoral reaching middle of anal, the pectoral filament and NO. 1351 . SCORPJSNOID FISHES OF JA PAX?JORDAN AND STARKS. 153 ventrals also past its front, the distance from base of filament to frontof anal onl}' about half head. His specimen was probably a shriveledmale of this species. There is no previous record of this speciesfrom Japan, and this form belongs to a different faunal area. This isthe common Okoze, or poison fish of the Inland Sea of Japan.(Named for Arthur Adams, its discoverer.) 42. MINOUS ECHIGONIUS Jordan and Starks, new species.Mlnous monadacij/lux Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 49, No. 863; Niigata.Head 2^ in length without caudal; depth 2^. Dorsal X, 11; anal 12.Eye -li in head; maxillary 2^. Lateral line with 17 pores.Lower jaw strongly projecting, its tip sharply hooked up. Teethin a ver}' narrow band in lower jaw, scarcely wider in front, in a muchwider band on premaxillaries, wider in front; teeth on vomer in 2 Fig. 14.?Minous echigonius.widely separated patches. Maxillary reaching to just past front oforbit. Interorl)ital wide and concave, the ridges as in J/, adanis/',its width equal to diameter of orbit. Preorbital with a long, sharpposterior spine, which reaches nearly to end of maxillary, and a smallspine in front which points downward. Preopercle with a long, slen-der, sharp spine, reaching nearly to margin of opercle; above it, awide triangular spine; below it, 4 short spines, the upper of which iscloser to the large spine than to the next below; it is short and notvery sharp; the next below is .slightly longer and sharper; the next,closer to it than to the next below, its point rather sharp and hookedbackward; the lowest is smaller and is directed downward. Exposedbones and ridges of head rough and arranged as in M. adamxl. Lastgill arch with a short slit behind it. Gill raker.s .short and blunt, S innumber on anterior limb. A tentacle at middle of lower jaw below, asmaller one midwa}' between it and tip of jaw, and several small ones 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. at tip of jaw. Head and especially lips and maxillary covered withsmall, fleshy papiihe.Pectoral reaching to above base of second anal ray; detached pec-toral ray equal to distance from tip of snout to posterior border ofpupil. Ventrals adnate to T)ody for nearly their whole length, theirtips scarcely reaching to vent. Last dorsal spine the longest, 2| inhead; the longest dorsal rays equal in length the length of snoutand eye.Color of type nnich faded; light brownish above; lower parts ofbody and head white; a light streak running along lateral line aboveand below leaves it in a dark streak; each dorsal spine with a brownspot on membrane behind its tip; soft dorsal with a large brown spoton distal ends of lirst 6 rays, the rays crossed by light streaks; pec-toral dark l)rown on its outer surface, white on its inner; ventrals andanal dark l)ro\vn at tips of rays, shading to the white of body; tip ofcaudal white, on distal third rays are crossed by a dark bar, whichdivides below; in front of it is a wide light interval with a brownspot in th(^ middle; then a narrow, dark, irregular l)ar across middleof rays, and then a wide white area with traces of bars al)Ove andbelow. Peritoneum white.This species is close to M/'nou.'^ rfdani.n^ differing in having asmaller eye; the tip of the mandi))le more hooked upward; the lowerpreopercular spines hooked backward, rather than truncate; the max-illary slightly shorter; the ventrals shorter and more adnate; the pos-terior outline of soft dorsal more l)roadly rounded; and in having thecaudal marked with irregular bars. In 3f. ?(.s?7/?,s' Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 50; Nagasaki. ? GtJNTHEK, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 149, copied. ? Steindachner and Doder-LEiN, Fisclie Japans, III, 1884, p. 297; Kagoshima.Head 2f in length without caudal; depth 3|. Dorsal IX or X, 10or 11; anal 10. Eye 3^ in head; maxillary 2^. NO. 1351. SCORPJENOID FISHES OF JA PAX?.TORT)AX . 1 XI) .ST. 1 7.'AX 155The upper profile of head very much broken up, the superior post-orbitnl roo-ioii dopressod antoriorl}', loaving the supraorbital roo-ionmuch produced; a deep notch in front of orl)ital rim caused hv theproduced nasal region. Exposed bones of head very rough, theorbital rim denticulate: and 2 or '4 irregular denticulate ridges alongsuborbitals. Prcorbital with 2 short spines, the anterior directeddownward, the posterior downward jind backward. Preopcrcle witha long, sharp spine a])ove and 4 smaller ones i)clow. Parietals veiyrough and produced behind in spines, a rough ridge running ])ack-ward froui posterior margin of e3'e. Mouth large; maxillary reach-ing to below front of eye. Narrow bands of teeth on jaws scarcelywidened anteriorl} ; teeth on vomer in 2 small, widely separatedpatches. Interorbital space narrow and deeply concave; through itruns a pair of slight interorbital ridges, not very close together, its ^^^ Fic. 15.?DECTEur.^s in'sii.i.i's. width three-fifths of orbit, or (> in head. Middle of under ])art ofmandible with a rather long barbel, and a smaller on(? l)etween it andtip of mandil)le. La.st gill arch with a short slit behind it; 8 or 9short, 1)lunt gill rakers on anterior limb of arch.Pectorals reaching to or a little past front of anal, and having 10simple rays; lower detached ra^' reaching to tips of ventrals. Ven-trals reaching to Aent; about half of last ray adnate to body. Dorsalspines long and hair-like; the third, or longest, equal to snout andhalf eye. No notch between dorsals. Caudal rounded.Color in spirits: Finely mottled with slaty above, abruptly wiiiteon lower half of side and body; membrane of spinous dorsal black;soft dor.sal crossed by irregular d:iik lines; pectoral black on outerface; inside sometimes black, sometimes with a tinge of white, butnever strikingly white as in species of Mi)i(>iit<; ventrals and analblack toward tips of rays, shading at base into the w^hite of the under 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL IfUSEUM. vol. xxvii.parts of boc\y; each ray of caudal with 5 or 6 small dark spotsarranged to form irregular dark cross lines across fin. Peritoneumwhite.About a dozen specimens were takcTi b}' Jordan and Snyder atWakanoura, the longest 6 cm. in length.{/>itsi//as, feeble.)17. EROSA (Swainson) Jordan and Starks, ne^A^ genus.Erom Swainson, Nat. Hist. C'lassn. Aniiii., II, 1839, p. 61; diagnosis, no refer-ence to type, erosa understood from context.Synanchia "Swainson" Bleeker, Nat. Verli. FIoll. Maats. Wetens., 1S74, p. 11(rejirint) {erosa): (not Synanchia Swainson, which was a mere misprintor vagary of spelling for Synanceia).Body short and thick, covered with naked skin, on which are skinnyflaps. Head very large, cuboid, irregularly^ formed, with deepgrooves and depressions. Eyes small; mouth large, almost vertical;teeth on the vomer, none on the palatine; preorbital with two strongspines; preopercle with 5 bluntish spines; bones of the skull verythick; top of head rough; a large quadrangular pit at the vertex.Dorsal fin continuous with 13 stout spines and Dsoft rays; none of thespines separated; doi'sal fin beginning behind the nape; none of thefin ra3^s filamentous. Anal short, with 3 distinct and 5 soft rays.Pectoral short without fiee ray. Ventrals moderate, the rays 1, 1.Caudal rounded, skin smooth.A single species, distinguished from Sipianceia {horrida) = /Sr/vaji-cidiwin ^ I^tiJicJdJiys^ ]>y the form of the head, by the absence of wartsand fringes on the smooth skin of the body, and by the absence of adeep cavity below the eye. As originally presented, neither Krosanor Sijiumchia seem to have an}^ standing in nomenclature. Thegenus is however valid, and we may adopt Erom as its name, unlessErosla (1857) be regarded as excluding it. '^.rosus, ragged, gnawed out.)44. EROSA EROSA (Langsdorf).r>ARUMA,? DARTJMAOKOZE, TOKENOKO ( BAMBOO-SPROTTTS ) . Synanceia erosa Langsdorff, in Cuvier an. 49, etc.; locality unknown. ? Jordan andSnyder, Check List, 1901, p. 100; Yokohama.Felor tigrhmm Richardson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 212; Canton.Head 3 in length without caudtil; depth, 8i, Dor.sal XVII, 7; analII, II. Lateral line tentacles 15. Eye 7 in head; maxillary 2f.()r1)ital rim and premaxillary proce.s.ses more produced than in Lauraut/acns^ the snout narrower, the distance across maxillaries just])ehind angle of mouth is half of length of head. The teeth similar.The arrangement of cranial spines and, ridges the same, l)ut they aremuch higher and sharper, the transverse ridge across posterior part ofintcrorbital space is developed as a very high, sharp crest; a conspic-uous sharp ridge runs from a tubercle in front of orbital rim inwardin a cur\'e along intcrorbital space nearly to transverse crest. (In /.(imudifieus this ridge is scarcely developed.) The interorbital space,tlie transverse depression, and the preorbital pits are deeper. Thedermal fringes are arranged the same and are the same number andsize.Pectoral reaching to or a litth^ past front of anal and having 10 rays.Ventrals adnate for their whole length, the membrane extending pastthe tip of the last ray nearlv to the front of the anal. Anal spinesshort, their tips not projecting through the skin. Front of dorsal dis-tant from tip of snout a space contained ii times in entire h'ngthwithout caudal. Caudal rounded.Color in life dark brown, with cross hands of l)lack or deep red. Thespecimen above described, in spirits, has ahcrnate light brown and0})aque pinkish red areas on back and sides, outlined with darker color;head almost entirely red down to branchiostegals, with irregular lightbrown spots outlined with dark brown; these mottling interorbitalspace and preorbital pits; a pair of them at occipital region, one onend of maxillary, a couple on operch\ and one on suborl^ital; cheekand snout nearly solid red; tip of mandible with a large red spot;anterior dermal fringes red; under part of head otherwise white orbrownish, freckled with dark brown; the red of head extends back tothird dorsal spine, involving the front of dorsal; behind which is anirregular brownish crossbar, involving dorsal to sixth spine and reach-ing to opposite anterior third of pectoral; next behind is a large redarea containing some small light brown .spots, extending on dorsal to 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII.eleventh spine, extending down to just past middle of side, and send-ing an arm along middle of side back to a similar red spot from four-teenth spine to second or third soft ray, inclosing between a lightbrown spot which extends on dorsal; middle of soft dorsal crossed bya light brown band which extends down and is continuous with thelight color of the lower parts; end of soft dorsal and base of caudalwith a red bar; then a narrow white l)ar across caudal, followed by awider red one, a white one across middle of rays, a still wider red anddark brown one, and the tips of the rays with a narrow white border;pectoral with a white bar across base of rays continuous with a similarbar obliquely across rays beyond their middle, inclosing a red spotabove; posterior third of pectoral red; lower parts white, coveredwith large and small irregular brown spots; ventrals and anal similar,but darker with brown.Another specimen has dark brown taking the place of the red of thehead, with similar light brown spots; the lower parts nearly solidbrown; the dark bands of pectoral and caudal dark brown, a tinge ofred on the former, the red areas of back approximately in the sameplace, but more restricted by the brown color.A third specimen has the head slaty ])lack with the spots and mot-tling gray; the areas on back and fins, which were red in the firstspecimen, are here duskv or slate color, and those which were lightbrown are here gray; the lower part of side and bell}' is dusky, slightlybrownish, and crossed in all directions by nearl}^ straight white linesappearing like the cracks in old crockery.Numerous specimens are in the collection from Tokyo, Tsuruga,Onomichi, Yohohama, and Kobe. The species is common throughoutsouthern Japan, and is daily in the markets, usually with the spinousdorsal removed. Measurements of Inimicus japonicus.Length in mm. without caudalHead in hundredths of lengthDepthEyeMaxillaryInteriir)>ital widthWidtli snout across maxillaries, just behind aii,u;le of mouthLength of third dorsal spineLength of caudalNumber of dorsal spinesNunil)er nf dorsal raysNumber of anal sj linesNumber of anal ravs 150 NO. vm. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 161Upper protile of hoiul deeply concave from first dorsal spine toposterior end of produced preniaxillarv i)rocesses, the eye much pro-duced al)Ove level of rest of i)rotile. Mandible with a knob at sym-])liysis. Snout very broad, the distance across maxillaries just behindang'le of mouth li to 1| in length of head. Teeth on mandible in abroad band in front, very narrow at the sides; on premaxillaries muchwider at sides and al)out Q([u;i\ in front to band on front of mandi))le;on vomer in a band as wide as on front of jaws; palatines toothless.Top of head with many blunt spines and ridges, nuich lower than inI? Imicus japonicui<. A rather sharp ridge across posterior part ofinterorbital separating interorbital space from a transverse depressionacross occipital region, which is somewhat more shallow than inter-orbital space. A couple of spines on occipital region (probably onparietals), a third farther back and slightly out of line with them, anda pair behind posterior margin of eye on a level with lateral line. Aspine on middle of preorbital and 2 on its lower edge, the posterior ofwhich is the larger. One on suborbital just below deep depression infront of eye, and a pair below cxq slightly ])efore its middle, oneplaced above the other. Opercle with 2 small spines and a row of 3or 4 around preopercle. A row of multifid dermal fringes around})reopercle extending around lower side of mandible; the largest ofthese at side of mandible and at end of maxillary. A couple of smalldermal flaps on preorbital and several on lower edge of opercle. Arow of dermal flaps along lateral line and above it a row of shorterwart-like ones placed about half as frequently. The dorsal spinesdecorated with numerous tentacles.Pectoral reaching to front of anal or a little past. 10 rays withoutthe 2 detached ones, all branched, the lower 4 appearing simple.Ventrals adnate for their whole lengtb, the membrane extending pastthe tip of the last nearly to the front of anal. Anal spines entirelycovered with skin, theii- points not free; the tips of the posterior raysreach to the base of caudal. Front of dorsal placed from tip of snouta distance contained 4 times in entire length without caudal. Caudalrounded.Color in spirits of one specimen is entirely white (bright orange in11 to) with the exception of .5 or (> black spots the size of pupil scatteredIrregularly over each side and not placed the same on opposite sides; ;') or 4 similar spots on inner surface of pectoral. This specimen inlife was bright yellowish orange.Another specimen is slightly dusky on back and has several regu-larly placed irregular dark l)rown blotches; interorbital space andpreocular pits uniform dark ])rown; a similar colored area on opercleand preopercle, leaving a light area behind eye and on cheek; anotherdark brown one on back above lateral line below third to flfthdorsal spines; one just below the last and behind base of pectoral, oneat tip of pectoral and one under soft dorsal rays extending on soft ,Proc. N. M. vol. xxvli?03 11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVII.dorsal; all dermal flap.s dark In-own; lips and maxillar}- dusky; pec-toral dark at middle, lighter below and ])ehind, a few black spots onunder surface; ventrals, caudal, and anal dusky; belly and lower partssparse!}' freckled with slightl}' diffused spots, not so large, black, orclear-cut as on the other specimen. This specimen in life, where notdark ))rown, was golden yellow.We have two specimens from Hiroshima and Kobe, 24 and 28 cm.in length.The species is much less conmion than Inhnicus japonicus.{aurmitiaciis^ orange color.)Measurements of Inimicus aurantiacus. Locality. Length in millimeters without caudalHeart in hundredths of lengthDepthEyeMaxillarvInterorbitiil widthWidtli of snout across maxillariesLengtli of i)eetoralLength of third dorsal spineLength of caudalNumber of dorsal .spinesNumber of dorsal raysNumber of anal spinesNumber of anal rays Kobe. NO. 1351. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 163without a y^'iiiphj'seal knob; teeth in moderate bands on jaws; in nar-row l)ands on vomer and palatines. Interor])ital narrow in front,equal to half the diameter of eye, increasing to twice that width overmiddle of eye. Superorbital rim raised in a slight crest, with a pairof ridges between, which diverge posteriorly. Posterior end of pre-orbital armed with a long, sharp, curved spine, which reaches nearlyto tip of maxillar}-; anterior lower edge with a very small spineinclined back and downward. A pair of spines on upper part of headin line with superorbital rim, and a couple behind eye in line withanterior end of lateral line. Suborbitals with a broken ridge, butwithout spines, ending in upper preopercle spine. Freopercle with 4spines and traces of a fifth below; long and sharp above, growingevenly and gradually shorter below. Last gill arch without a slit Fig. 17.?Ocosia vespa.l)(>hind. Gill rakers rudimentary, represented by 4 or 5 smalltubercles.No notch between soft rays and spines of dorsal. Spinous dorsalvery high; its origin above middle of eye; its first spine equal inlength to orbit and contained 2f times in second; the anterior (exceptthe first) spines the longest, decreasing gradually, but very slightly,in length to the last, which is shorter than second spine from one-halfto four-fifths eye. Soft dorsal rays scarcely, or xevy slightly, longerthan posterior spines, decreasing quickly in length behind middle rays;the last ray adnate to body and reaching a little past base of caudal.Pectoral reaches beyond tips of ventrals, but scarcely to front of anal;it has 12 rays, the fifth or sixth from the top the longest. Ventralswith spine and 5 rays, their tips scarcely reaching to vent. Firstanal spine equal in length to diameter of eye, and contained If, in thirdspine; second spine intermediate in length. Second anal ray the long- 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. est, 2 in bead; last ray not adnate to body. Body and bead every-wbere witbout scales.Color in spirits, brownish or dusky irreg-ular cross bars over a whiteground; one downward under seventh dorsal spine, broader belowlateral line and inclosing a white spot just below it, fading on lowerpart of sides; the next under last spine and first -i or 5 rays, extendingnearly- to anal; a narrowband across base of caudal, and one acrossrays toward their tips; extreme tips white; dorsal without color,except a little dusky at end of soft dorsal; anal and tips of ventralsdusky; pectoral with a broad white band across middle of rays, a blackband toward tips, and extreme tips white; a dusky spot on nape; adark stripe from eye to upper preopercle spine, one obliquely acrosscheek, and one forward across maxillary and mandible; snout and tipof mandible white; a dusky band covered with small black pointsacross interorbital space. Other specimens have small dark points onfront of dorsal, base of pectoral, a,nd on head following the radiatinglines from eye. Sometimes entire dorsal is more or less spotted. Onespecimen shows traces of pink above lateral line and on head. In lifethe species was pink or pinkish gray with darker markings.Specimens were dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamerAUKitross in 40 to 50 fathoms in Sagami Bay. Stations 3757, off SanoPoint, Sagami Bay, 41 to 50 fathoms; 3762, same locality, 42 to 49fathoms, and 3764, same locality, 44 to 50 fathoms. They do notexceed 50 mm. in length.The types are in the U. S. National Museum and are numbered 50911.Cotypes are numbered 7375 and 7376 Leland Stanford JuniorIchthyological collection.{vespa, wasp.)20. SNYDERINA Jordan and Starks.Snyderina Jordan aud Starks, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1901, p. 381 {ymnanohami).Body robust, compressed, sparsely covered with nonimbricate,thickened or granular scales. Head naked, ridged, without cranialspines. Profile angulated in front of eye; preorbital with a longsharp spine. Preopercle with a long sharp spine above and 1 smallerones. Teeth villiform, in bands on jaws and vomer; palatines tooth-less. Gill-membranes narrowl}^ united and narrowly connected withthe i.sthnuis. No slit behind fourth gill. Branchiostegals 7. Lateralline present. Dorsal continuous, with about 13 spines and 10 ra3\s.Anal with 3 spines. First dorsal spine short, inserted above middleof eye; last dorsal ray adnate to caudal peduncle. Ventral rays I, 5.Pectoral without free ray. Caudal rounded. Fins all scaleless.This genus is close to Tetrarof/e {harbatus), differing at least in theabsence of barbels at the chin.(Named for John Otterbein Snyder.) NO. vm. SCORPJENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARRS. 165 48. SNYDERINA YAMANOKAMI Jordan and Starks.YAMA-NO-KAMI (MOUNTAIN WITCH).ITetraroge guntlxeri Boulengek, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 2?>9, with plate;Muscat, Arabia (palatines said to have teeth).Snyderina yamanobmii Jordan and Stakes, Proc. Cal. Ac. Hci., 1901, p. 381,pi. XX ; Kagoshima, Japan.Head 2.6 in body; depth 2.7; c}'e 4 in head; maxillary 2.5. DorsalXIII, 10; anal III, 5. Pores of lateral line 21.Body compressed, the back elevated anteriorly, deepest o^'er poste-rior part of head, tapering to a rather small caudal peduncle.Head with many spines and ridges, the ridges smooth and coveredwith thin skin. Profile very steep from first dorsal spine to snout, Fig. 18.?Snyderina yamanokami.which latter projects at a sharp angle and is less nearly vertical.Mouth very obliciue, the lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillarybroad at the posterior aroundanterior margin of eye runs backward to beneath base of third dorsalspine; it has a depression above middle of ej^e and another above pos-terior part of eye. Superior margin of eye with a ridge which isscarcely continuous with that of anterior margin. From behind eye,about on a level with superior margin of pupil, a broken horizontalridge extends backward above gill-opening nearly to tip of opercularflap. Suborbital stay with a sharp, smooth ridge extending back andjoining at right angles a ridge that follows around margin of pre-opercle. From the latter and below its junction with suborbitid ridge 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.the preopercle sends a ridge backward which ends in a sharp spine.Preorbital with a short spine anteriorly projectino- transversely tomaxillary; a long sharp spine folloAvs upper contour of maxillary andis as long as half the diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, blunt, uneven ; about 4+8 in number.Entire head, a space on back below dorsal, breast, and a space behindbase of pectoral, naked. Sides of body covered with small granula-tions which are somewhat thickened toward their posterior margins,but are not spiniferous.Dorsal without a notch between the spinous and rayed portions.The first spine not longer than eye (its tip broken), its base abovemiddle of eye. The second spine over twice as long as the first; thefifth equal to distance from eye to tip of opercular flap. The middlerays of soft dorsal longest; their length equal to the distance from tip ofsnout to preo]3ercular ridge; the posterior margin of the fin straight,forming an angle slightly less than a right angle with the superiormargin. The last ray is adnate to the caudal peduncle for its wholelength, the meml)rane not quite reaching to base of caudal.The anal spines are graduated; the first scarcely as long as diameterof eye, the third twice the length of the first. When the fin is depressedthe tips of the middle rays reach the base of the caudal. The last rayis adnate to the caudal peduncle for about half its length. When ven-tral fins are depressed the longest ray reaches to the base of the firstanal spine, while the tip of the ventral spine falls short of it a distanceequal to the diameter of the eye. Pectoral angulated, the sixth andseventh rays longest, reaching to above the first anal ray. Caudal finnarrow and elongate, with the posterior margin rounded; its lengthli in head.Color (from a specimen long in spirits) slaty white with brownishmarkings. Membrane of spinous dorsal clouded with brownish; someof the spines with a small, dark spot in front of them. All of theother fins with vermiculated markings transversely across the rays.A large dark-brown spot behind upper part of gill-opening and asmaller one on lateral line below base of last dorsal spines. Eye withtraces of lines radiating from the center.The type is a single specimen (No. 64:33 on the Stanford MuseumRegister) in good condition, 217 mm. long, presented to Stanford Uni-versity by Professor Mitsukuri of the Imperial University of Tokyo.It is said to })e from Kagoshima in Kiusiu, and to bear the local nameof Yama-no-kami, or Mountain Goddess, in local mythology a womanwith wings, capable of starting a storm. Dr. Boulenger calls ourattention to the probable identity of this species, with his Tetrarogeguntheri. The two agree in form and color, but 8. guntheri is said tohave palatines toothed and there is some ditterence in size of mouth. NO. 1351. SCORP^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARRS. 16721. PARACENTROPOGON Bleeker.Paracentropotjon ]'>leekkh, Act. Sci. Roy. Ainst., 1876, p. (56, {longispini, the jaws subequal; teeth on vomei- and palatines; no barbelsat tile ciiiii; "ills ;>j, no slit behind the last; pectorals moderate, with-out free rays; dorsal continuous, not joined to the caudal, the spines12 ro 14, the tirst inserted over the eye, the anterior spines strong anddivcroent; soft rays 8 or 9; ventral l?a^^s I, 4; anal rays 111. 4 to 0;caudal rounded. Small brightly colored tishes, with stinging spines.They are distinguished from the genus Tetraroge chiefly b}'^ the absenceof barl)els. From (ryjiinapistus {Pentraroi/t^) the absence of a slitbehind the last gill is the chief distinction. Both Tetraroge and Gyin-ixijttstiix are said to have the ventral rays I, T), but V^alenciennes incor-rectly assigns the same number to Parncentnypogon loiujUplnlx.{ntxpa^ near; Ci'iiiropogon^ a related genus; Kevrpov^ spine;TToyojv, beard.) 49. PARACENTROPOGON RUBRIPINNIS (Schlegel).OKOZE.Apistus rubripiwils Schlegel, Faun. Jap. Poias., 184.S, p. 49, pi. xxii, fig. 2;Nagasaki.Tetraroge rubripinnis Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., II, 1860, p. 133; afterRchlegel. ? Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 50; Boshu, Misaki. ? Johdan andSxvDEii, Check List Fishes Japan, 1901, p. 100; Yokohama.Tetraroge hmgifpmis Steindachnek, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 29; Tokyo,Tagawa, Tango, not ofCuvier and Valenciennes, a species from Anihoina,found also in China.Paracentropogon longiitpijiix Steixdachnek, Reise Aun^ra, 1897, p. 20.S; Kobe,HiogoTetraroge longispinift var. mula (ii-nther, Shore fishes Challenger, 1880, p. 66;Kobe, Japan.Head 8 in length without caudal; depth 2|^. Dorsal XIV, 7: analHI, 4 or 5, usually 4. Ventral ray I, 4. Eye 3^ in h(>ad: maxillary2f ; interor])itjil 5^. Lat?M-al line with 20 pores.Anterior profile of head very steep and very slightly convex fromHrst dorsal spine, which is a])ove middle of eye. to tip of snout.Mouth moderately ol?lique, the front of premaxillaries on a level withlower margin of eye. Maxillary reaching to below middle of eye.Jaws ecjual, the lower with a slight knob at .symphysis. Broad bandsof villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and jialatines; the l>ands on pre-maxillaries broader than on mandible, those on palatines short in com-parison with their ])i'eadth. Interor])ital space rather narrow, itsedges converging anteriorly, and having a pair of large ridges which 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii.diverge anteriorl}^; the superorbital ridge is somewhat raised, andwere the iuterorbital ridges absent, the interorbital space would beconcave. Preopercle with a large, sharp spine at its edge on a levelwith suborbital stay, and 3 or 4 slight, sharp tubercles covered withskin on its edge below. A long sharp spine on posterior edge ofpreorbital reaches backward past end of maxillary nearly to belowposterior orbital margin, and a small spine at its base, which is directeddownward. Anterior limb of first gill arch with 8 or 9 very shortblunt gill-rakers. Pseudobranchiaj present. Gills 3^, no slit behindthe last.Pectoral reaching past tips of ventrals to opposite vent; pectoralrays 11, all branched. Dorsals without a notch between them; thefirst spine less than half the length of second; second and third sub-equal li to 1\ times in head, the third to sixth decreasing in lengthbackward and the remaining ones subequal, the last spines two times Fig. 19. ? Pakacentropogon eubeipinnis.in head, and equal to the longest rays; last dorsal ray connected tobody for nearly its full length by a membrane. (These measurementstaken from a specimen 10 cm. in length.) In specimens 6 cm. inlength the first spine is longer in comparison with second, which latteris equal to half head, and the posterior spines behind the fourth aresubequal in length and contained 2i times in head. Third anal spinelonger, but equal to second in diameter; its length 2| in head.Head and body appearing to the naked ej^e and to the touch naked;under a lens, however,, the posterior part of the body is seen to besparsely covered with small, round, embedded, nonimbricated scales, ingreater or fewer numbers (sometimes entirely absent) and not alwaysof the same size; these not developed anterior to the tip of the pec-toral.Color in spirits: Sides and backs mottled and spotted with smallirregular dark-brown or black spots, sometimes arranged to form very N0.1351. SCORP.ENOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDAN AND STAKKS'. 169imu'li hrokcn and ii regular crossbars; \v1k'h tliosc arc evident. Ihcrcis one under front of soft dorsal, one undi'r posterior part of softdorsal and on eaudal peduncle, one across body under pectoral, one atnape, and one across interorbital space. Radiating bars coniinonlypresent from eye; these extending- on iris nearly to pupil, leaxing anarrow silvery ring of the iris aroiuul pupil; one downward acrossmaxillary, one downward across cheek, one downward and backwardto preopercle spine, one upward and backward toward base of seconddorsal spine. A spot usually of the light ground color present justabove or resting on lateral line, situated at a point midway betweentip of snout and noddle of caudal rays; sometimes it is made conspic-uous with opacpie white pigment especially in females, liays of softfins crossed with narrow wa\\v lines, except ventrals, which are whitewith dusln' tips. Spinous dorsal irregularly mar])led; a lai'ge deepl>lack blotch from sixth to ninth ray, extending slightly on l)ack.Peritoneum white.A fresh specimen showed the following color: Olive spotted withdarker olive; a jet-l)lack spot on back; lower fins and belly rosy;doisal l)l()tched with brownish red, a pale spot above lateral line.The coloration is sul)ject to great variation in degree of mottling. Thefemales are rather duller in color and with lower spines.This description is based on many specimens fi'om Tokyo. Tomo in 1 jingo, Misaki, Kobe, and Wakanoura.According to Dr. (Tunther, this specic^s (which he calls vai'. ////^A/)isdistinguished from Paran titroixxioii loiKjisjjlnls of the East Indies bythe virtual absence of scales.{;ri(hc/\ red; p!n)}(i^ fin.)22. ERISPHEX Jordan and Starks.Erhplti'x Jordan and Stakks, new genus (puttii).Body oblong, compressed, scahdess, but covered with velvety pric-kles. Head without spines or rough crests al>ove; preorbital with2 spines below; preopercle with 3 or 4 blunt spines, opercle with 2spines; mouth moderate; t(H>th on the \omer, none on the j)alatines.Dorsal tin continuous, notched after the third or fourth spine, liegin-ning over the e3^e, of 11 to 18 spines and !> to 11 soft rays; pectoralslounded, without free rays; anal with "1 spini^s and s to !'? soft rays;ventral ra^s 1, 2, or I, ?>.Small fishes of the East Indies, ranging northward to flapan. FromCocofi'opux Kau]) {cr/i/DafuH)^ the most nearly related geiuis. theJapanese genus ditier in the presence of but 1 or 2 soft rays in theventrals instead of 5.{^'pi, very; G(j)tS^ wasp.)a. Dorsal rays XI, 18; the 3 anterior spines set off l)y a Uivteli; maxillary ri'acliingto opposite middle of eye jioltii, 50.aa. Dorsal i-ays XIII, 10; the 4 anterior spines set off hy a notch; maxillary barelyreaching front of eye bK/nshimeim,^, 51. 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. 50. ERISPHEX POTTII (Steindachner).Cocotropus pottii Steindachner, Reise der Aurora, 1897, p. 203, pi. iv, fig. 1;Kobe. ? Jordan and Snyder, Check List, 1901, p. 101; Yokohama.Head 3i in length without caudal; depth 2f. Dorsal XI, 13; analII, 10. Ventral I, 2. Lateral line with 11 pores. Eye 1 in head;maxillary 2.Upper profile of head nearly luiifornily convex from first dorsalspine to tip of snout, a slight notch between slightly produced proc-esses from premaxillaries and superorbital rim. Mouth ver}^ o])lique,more nearly vertical than horizontal. Lower jaw bluntly rounded andstrongl}'^ projecting. Anterior end of premaxillaries on a level withlower margin of pupil: maxillary reaching to below middle of eye.Teeth in moderate bands on jaws, growing wider in front; the patchon vomer narrower than on jaws, widest at the middle; palatines tooth-less, Interorbital slightly concave: li in head: a high median ridgedivides anteriorl}" and surrounds a pit behind premaxillar}" processes,posteriorly it stops at a slight transverse depression just in front ofdorsal. Preorbital with 2 spines, the posterior much the larger, nearlyreaching to end of maxillary, the anterior small and pointing down-ward and outward. Freopercle with 4 spines, the upper one the larg-est, the others growing gradually smaller })elow. A blunt spine ortubercle at upper -posterior edge of eye, another behind it oppositebase of third dorsal spine; 2 similar ones behind eye on a level withbeginning of lateral line. A slight ridge on suborl>itals extendingobliquely across cheek to upper preopercle spine.No slit behind last gill arch; gill-rakers with slight tubercles, 5 or 6of them below angle of first arch. Head and body, l)ase of pectoral,and base of dorsal and anal covered with soft hair-like papilla?.Fin rays all simple. Pectoral with 12 rays, the third from the topthe longest, reaching to front of anal or a little past. Ventrals with1 spine and 2 rays, their length equal to combined length of snout andeye. Anterior 3 spines of dorsal separated from rest of fin b}^ a notch;the first spine a little behind middle of eye, its length 2^ in head, orequal to the second; no notch between dorsal spines and rays; thelatter a little higher than the former; last dorsal ray adnate to caudalpeduncle; tips of last ray reaching base of caudal. Anal a little lowerthan caudal and ending opposite to it; its origin midway between tipof mandible and middle of caudal rays. Caudal rounded.Color in spirits: Uniform brownish on back and sides, or the colorbroken up into difl'used spots as large as eye; belly lighter; finsusually darker than body, and darker toward ends of rays, thoughsometimes they are as light as body and have similar diffused spots;pectoral darker toward tips of rays, the extreme tips white; innersurface of pectoral similar to outer; tips of caudal rays white. NO. \m. SCOllP.F.yOTD FrSHES OF JA P. I A?./O/?/). 1 A^ A NT) STA Ilk'S. 171Of this species we have numerous specimens, the longest 85 nmi.in UMit^th. Those were taken at Tokyo, AVakanoui-a. and MatsushimaBay, Station 3771, oft' Doumiki Point in 61 fathoms.(Named for Constantine von Pott, captain of the Ai'/'o/-f/.) 51. ERISPHEX KAGOSHIMENSIS (Ishikawa).Tetraroge derm(irines partly separated from the others; second and third spines longe.st. About 9groups of larger prickles along the lateral line. Color, in spirits, sepia brown, withfaint irregular markings of darker color. Type, a single specimen from Kagoshima84 mm. in length; head 28 mm. in length; snout 10; eye 7.5; first dorsal spine 10,second 11; pectoral 21; ventral 15; greatest depth of body 38." (Ishikawa MS.)This specimen, No. 869, in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo, Avasexamined by us. It is close to Ji'rlsjj/ie.r derinaaoithux, l)ut apparentlydistinct from E. pottii. It is distinguished bj^ the partial separation oftlie first four dorsal spines.23. APLOACTIS Schlegel. J^jZood/.s- ScHLEGEL, Fauua Japoiiica, Poiss., 184:5, ]). 51 (ai^pera).f Aploactimnnt Castelnau, Proc. Zool. 80c. Victoria, II, 1872, p. 64 {schomburgkia species with 5 detached spines).Head and bod}^ compressed, studded with small prickles; bones ofthe head with obtuse prominences; preorbital without spine; mouthmoderate, with teeth on vomer; none on palatines. Dorsal finbeginning- anteriorly with 14 spines and 11 to 14 soft rays; the 8anterior spines detached from the others; anal long, without distinctspines; ventral rays 1, 2. Pectorals moderate, without free-ray;caudal rounded.Japan and East Indies.(?7rA.oo?, simple; aKTig, ray.) 52. APLOACTIS ASPERA Richardson.Aploactia Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 51, pi. xxii, fig. 3; Nagasaki.Aploactis aspcra Richakdson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 1846, p. 72; China.?Cirx-THEK, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 142; Japan. ? Steindachnek and Doderlein,Fische Japans, IV, 1884, j). 197; Kagoshima.Head 3i in length without caudal; depth 3f. Dorsal III. XI, 12;anal 13. Ventral I, 2. Lateral line with 12 pores. Eye -l.V in head;maxillarv 2^. 1T2 phoceedings of the national museum. youxxxh.The supraorbital rijii is but little produced, leaving the upper pro-file of head nearly uniformly convex from first dorsal spine to tip ofsnout; there is a slight notch in front and behind eye. Mouth veryoblique; the anterior end of premaxillary is siightl}" above the level ofmiddle of eye; the maxillary scarcely reaches to below anterior marginof pupil. Lower jaw bluntly rounded and projecting. Teeth inbroad bands on jaws, narrower on vomer, palatines toothless; bandson premaxillaries not widened in front, those on mandible veryslightly widened. Interorbital with a pair of ridges slightly raisedabove superorbital rim and having a wide shallow depression between,which is closed behind by a transverse ridge bounding a slight trans-verse depression across head in front of first dorsal spine. Superorbitalrim uneven and continuous posteriorly with a broken, very crookedridge; just below which are a couple of blunt tubercles forming abroken ridge from upper posterior border of eye. Suborbitals with a ^??tf4i^ Fig. 20.?Aploactis aspera.blunt, crooked ridge ending in the upper preopercle spine. Preorbitalending posteriorly in a pair of very blunt, short spines and having asimilar spine on its anterior edge, which points down and forwards.Preopercle with 5 spines, all blunt, the upper one the largest, theothers growing gradually smaller below. Opcrcle with 2 blunt spinesat the ends of slight ridges. Last gill arch Avithout a slit behind it.Gill rakers scarce!}^ developed; 5 or 6 slight tubercles below angle offirst arch.Head and body completely covered with coarse, rather soft papillae,which vary in size and abundance on different specimens; some-times they are rather fine and scattered on head, and the blunt cranialspines and ridges stand out prominently, sometimes they are so coarseand abundant as to obscure the spines more or less.Pectoral reaching to opposite vent, its border rounded, having 13simple rays. Ventrals short and with 1 spine and 2 rays, their length NO. 1351. SCORP^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 1 782 ill head. The first 3 spines of dorsal separated from succeedingspines; no notch between spines and raA's, and as rays arc all sini])leit is ditiicult to distinguish spines from vnyn. Dorsal base ending- justin front of caudal base. Anal not reaching so far back as dorsal; itsinsertion midway between tip of mandi))le and posterior third ofcaudal.C'olor slate or brownish, usually lighter below, but not alwa)^s;sides sometimes with fine black spots; fins all black or dark slate color,sometimes showing ])Iack cross lines, particularl}" on pectoral; tips ofpectoral rays and dorsal rays and spines light. This description isbased on specimens from Nagasaki, the longest 95 mm. in length.The species is apparently rather rare.{asper, rough.) SUMMARY.Family Scorp^enid^e. 1. Sebastolobus Gill. 1. macrochir (Giinther); Miyako, Misaki, Neiuuro, Sagami Bay. 2. Sebastodes Gill. 2. r/?micH.s (Hilgendorf) ; Bering Island.o. taczanuv'skii (Steindachner) ; Otaru, jNIororan, Iwanai, Aoniori, Same.4. itinus Jordan and Starks; Hakodate.5. steindachner i (Hilgendorf ); Hakodate.6. giiniheri Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Wakanoura, Hakodate.7. inernm (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Hakodate, ]\Iatsnshima, Tokyo, Misaki,Enoshima, Kobe, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tsushima.8. tokionis Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Tokyo, Wakanoura, Tsuruga.9. joijneri (Giinther); Aomori, Miyako, Tokyo.10. ?)i?/.st{6?n(" (Hilgendorf); Misaki.11. irocunrftw Jordan and Starks; Kushiro.12. Jianimeua Jordan and Starks; Misaki.13. S(;(///j.ro7jri.s Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Tokyo.l-^. fuscescem (Houttnyn); Tokyo, Nagasaki, Otaru, Iwanai, Aomori, Same, 3Ior-oran, Hakodate. 3. S<:basticlithi/K Gill. 15. (?((/y^c'.'f (Steindachner and DiJderlein); Hakodate, Sanu'', Miyako near Morioka.16. nivosiis (Hilgendorf); Same, Misaki.17. trivittatiL'^ (Hilgendorf) ; Aomori, Kushiro.18. oblongiis {Guniher); (not seen).19. mitsiikarii (Cramer); Hakodate, Aomori, Matsushima, Tokyo, Yokohama, Ono-michi, Kol)e, Nagasaki.20. pachijcephabix (Schlegel); Wakanoura, Kobe, Hiroshima, Sliimonoseki.21. elegans (Steindachner and IXxlerlein); Misaki, Onomichi, Miyajima. 4. Neosebastes (iuichenot.22. entaxis Jordan and Starks; Misaki, Chosu. 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvii. 5. Thysanichfhi/!< Jordan and Starks. 23. crossotni^ Jordan and Starks; Suruga Bay. 6. Sebastiscus Jordan and Starks.24. marmoratns (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Hakodate, Same, Tokyo, Misaki, SaganiiBay, Enoshinia, Surnga Bay, Kobe, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.25. albqfasciahis (Lacepede); Tokyo, 3Iisaki, Awd*, Wakanoura, Naga.saki, Surnga Bay,Totomi Bay. 7. Helicolenus Goode and Bean. 26. dadytopierus (De la Roche); Misaki, Awa, Sagami Bay, Suruga Bay.27. emblemarius Jordan and Starks; Okinose, Misaki. 8. Scorppemi (Artedi) Linnpeus.28. j^mfcnato Doderlein; Wakanoura, Kohe, Misaki, Tokyo.29. jmostomfl Giinther; (not seen.)30. onaria Jordan and Snyder; Tokyo.31. izeusls Jordan and Snyder; Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, Totomi Bay. 9. Scorpunopms Heckel.32. cirrho.m (Thunberg); Wakanoura, Nagasaki.33. kagoshhnana (Steindachner and Doderlein); not seen. 10. Seturches Johnson.34. albescens (Steindachner and Doderlein); Misaki, Totomi Bay. 11. Lijihrk-htlnjs Jordan and Starks.35. eulabes Jordan and Starks; Suruga Bay. 12. Pterois Cuvier.36. volitans (Linnfeus).37. lunulata Schlegel; Tokyo, Yokohama, Wakanoura, ]Misaki. 13. Ebosia Jordan and Starks.38. blcekeri (Steindachner and Doderlein); Tokyo. 14. .l;*/.s^?.s' Cuvier.39. evolans Jordan and Starks; Tokyo.40. venenans Jordan and Starks; Nagasaki. 15. Minous Cuvier and ^'alenciennes.41. adamsi Richardson; Kobe, Onomichi, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.42. echigonius Jordan and Starks; Niigata. 16. Decferias Jordan and Starks.43. pusillus (Schlegel); Wakanoura. NO. 1351. SCORP^NOID FISHES OFJAPAN?JORDANAND STARKS. 175 17. Erosa (Swainson) Jonlan and .Starks.44. erosa (Langsdorf); Misaki.18. 7*(/////r((.s' Jordan and Starks. 45. japonicus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); Tokji-o, Ononuchi, Yokohama, Kobe.46. aurantiacus (Schlegel) ; Hiroshima, Kobe.19. Oro!/derina Jordan and Starks.48. yamanokami Jordan and Starks; Kagosliima.21. Paracrntropogon Bleeker. 49. ruhripinnis (Schlegel); Tokyo, Tomo, IMisaki, Kobe, AVakauoura.22. Erisjilit'.i: Jordan and Starks. 50. jxMli. (Steindachner); Tokyo, Wakanoura, Matsushima Bay.51. ki Igoshimenis (Ishikawa); Kagoshima.23. Ajiluartis Schlegel.52. aKpera Richardson; Nagasaki. NOTE.The Sel)a>