Vol. 32, pp. 149-160 September 30, 1919
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A REVIEW OF REICHENBACH'S GENERA SIPTORNIS
AND CRANIOLEUCA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW ALLIED GENERA AND A SUBGENUS.
BY CHARLES B. CORY.
The species included in the Genus Siptornis Reichenbach as
recognized by Sclater* and Sharpef and later by Brabourne and
Chubb| apparently represent five genera and at least one sub-
genus, the distinguishing characters of which may be briefly
described as follows :
A. Tail feathers rounded at ends or abruptly pointed (not attenuated
terminally and sharply pointed).
a. Size small; tail graduated and much shorter than wing (about %);
hallux (without claw) longer than outer toe (without claw); wing
about 4 times length of tarsus. Siptornis Reichenbach.
(Type —Siptornis flammulata Reichenbach) not
Sittasomus flammulatus Lesson § and not Siptornis flammulata Jardine
(Synallaxis striaticollis Lafresnaye.)
b. Size variable; tail evenly graduated with tail feathers either blunt,
rounded or abruptly pointed (not attenuated terminally and not
with most of the feathers sharply pointed) tail; varying from slightly
shorter than wing (albiceps) to much longer than wing (sordida, etc.) ;
wing from about 3J^ times length of tarsus (curtata, etc.) to about 3
times length of tarsus (humilis, modesta, etc.), or decidedly more than
3 times length of tarsus (erythrops, subcristata, etc.) hallux; (without
claw) longer than outer toe (without claw) (albiceps, patagonica, etc.),
or about equal to outer toes (vulpina, etc.), or shorter (as in most
* Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, p. 58.
t Hand-list Bds., iii, 1901, p. 58.
X Birds South Am., I, 1912, p. 332.
§ The type of Sittasomus flammulatus Lesson is a young specimen of Glyphorhynchus
cuneatus cuneatus (Lichtenstein) (c/. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 489; Menegaux
and Hellmayr, M6m. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. d'Autun, XIX, 1906, p. 97).
30—Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 32, 1919. (149)
150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
forms) nasal; operculum largely covered by feathers (sordida, etc.)
or much more exposed (erythrops, subcristata, etc.).
Cranioleuca Reichenbach.*
(Type Snyallaxis albiceps d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.)
c. Tail long, strongly and evenly graduated! and from 1 J^ times length
of wing to nearly twice length of wing; tail feathers slightly narrowed
terminally, the ends blunt not sharply pointed; wing about 3 times
length of tarsus; frontal feathers stiffened and sharply pointed;
hallux (without claw) shorter than outer toe (without claw).
Pseudosiptornis, gen. nov.
(Type Siptornis ottonis Berlepsch.)
d. Tail long, unevenly graduated; tail feathers blunt, the three middle
pairs gently graduated, the fourth pair (from outside) at least % as
long as middle pair, and first, second and third pair abruptly and
strongly graduated; wing about 3J4 times length of tarsus; tail
about \}/2 times length of wing; hallux (without claw) shorter than
outer toe (without claw) Siptornopsis, gen. nov.
(Type Siptornis hypochondriacus Salvin.)
B. Tail feathers decidedly attenuated terminally and most of the feathers
sharply pointed; tarsus 1-3 or more length of wing; plumage on upper
parts or under parts or both conspicuously streaked
Siptornoides, gen. nov.
(Type Siptornis flammulata Jardine.)
a. Plumage streaked above and below, general plumage dark streaked
with white or whitish. Siptornoides (typica).
b. Upper plumage tawny or buffy streaked with black; under parts
largely or entirely without streaks Eusiptornoides, subgen. nov.
(Type Synallaxis anthoides King.)
The measurements of wing, tail and tarsus of the species and subspecies
belonging to the above genera and subgenera are as follows. J An asterisk
before a name indicates I have not seen specimens and that it is not repre-
sented in the British Museum.
* I am unable to find any constant characters to distinguish the Genera Asthenes Reich-
enbach and Acrorchilus Ridgway from Cranioleuca. In the large number of specimens
examined I find considerable variation in the shape of the culmen and also in the extent of
the feathering which in some species nearly covers the nasal operculum and in others leaves
it mucn more exposed, but several species appear to be intermediate so far as this character
is concerned. The same conditions may be said to obtain regarding the relative length of
wing and tarsus, and that of the hallux and outer toe, which vary in combination in different
species to such an extent that their diagnostic value as distinguishing generic characters
are practically lost. The advisability of recognizing several subgenera in this group based
on color characters in connection with one or more of the above mentioned structural char-
acters remains to be determined, but to my mind little advantage would be gained.
t Tail measurements of Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch), cotyp—e from Anta, Cuzco,Peru (No. 99163, American Museum of Natural History, New York) outer pair rectrices
40 mm.; 2d pair 55; 3d pair 70; 4th pair 85; 5th pair 100; middle pair 115 mm.
1 1 am greatly indebted to my friend Mr. Charles Chubb for measurements of a number
of type specimens, and others in the British Museum.
Cory—A Review of Siptomis and Cranioleuca. 151
Wing Tarsus Tail
Siptomis striaticollis (Lafresnaye) monotypic 66 16 J^ 50
Cranioleuca albiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye) 66 203^ 64
Cranioleuca albicapilla (Cabanis) 78 25 72
Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Reichenbach) 68 22 72f
Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln)
Cranioleuca pallida (Wied) 55 17 53
Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny)
Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr)
Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater) 65 18 70
Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (Taczanowski) 70 18 72
Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski)
Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs) 64 18 68
Cranioleuca baroni (Salvin) , 81 15 81
Cranioleuca curtata curtata (Sclater) 64 18 61
Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) ..67 18 69
Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater) 66 18 71
Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway; 67 18J^ 72
Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence) 66 18 73
Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater) ...67 17^ 70
Cranioleuca ruticilla (Cabanis and Heine)
Cranioleuca striaticeps striaticeps (d'Orbigny and
Lafresnaye) 64 18^ 69
Cranioleuca striaticeps heterocerca (Berlepsch) 65 183^ 68
Cranioleuca humicola humicola (Kittlitz) 64 21 73
Cranioleuca humicola steinbachi (Hartert and Venturi) 63 21 74
Cranioleuca d'orbignyii (Reichenbach) 62 22 72
Cranioleuca modesta modesta (Eyton) 64 21 68
Cranioleuca modesta sajamae (Berlepsch) 70 22*^ 76
Cranioleuca modesta rostrata (Berlepsch) _ 68 22J^ 70
Cranioleuca humilis humilis (Cabanis) -74 24 79
Cranioleuca humilis marayniocensis (Berlepsch and
Stolzmann 67 22 68
Cranioleuca humilis robusta (Berlepsch; 76 25 73
Cranioleuca arequipae (Sclater and Salvin) .67 24 68
*Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater)
Cranioleuca neglecta Cory ..62 22 83
*Cranioleuca hilereti (Oustalet)
^Cranioleuca heterura (Berlepsch)
Cranioleuca sordida sordida (Lesson). 66 21 84
Cranioleuca sordida affinis (Berlepsch)... —.67 21 86
Cranioleuca sordida flavogularis (Gould) 66 21 J^ 84
Cranioleuca baeri (Berlepsch) 63 21 65
Cranioleuca patagonica (d'Orbigny) 59 21 67
Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister).... 56 18 70
Cranioleuca wyatti (Sclater and Salvin) 58 20 67
+ From specimens in the British Museum.
152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Wing Tarsus Tail
*Cranioleuca graminicola (Sclater)f
Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch) monotypic 60 21 95-110
Siptornopsis hypochondriasis (Salvin) monotypic ..65 20 93
Siptornoides flammulata flammulata (Jardine) 63 24J^ 74
Siptornoides flammulata multostriata (Sclater) 65 25 75
Siptornoides flammulata quindiana (Chapman) 63 25 75
Siptornoides flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and
Stolzmann) .63 24 87
Siptornoides flammulata maculicauda (Berlepsch)
*Siptornoides virgata (Sclater)
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) anthoides (King) 70 20 76
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater) 75 22 84
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) lilloi (Oustalet) ...76 24 85
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) punensis (Berlepsch and
Stolzmann) 76 25 90
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) maluroides (d'Orbigny
and Lafresnaye).. 53 163^ 63
Key to the Species and Subspecies Belonging to the Allied Genera
Siptornis, Cranioleuca, Pseudosiptornis, Siptornopsis, and
Siptornoides (Adult Males) with Type Localities.
A. Back not distinctly streaked,
a. Cap and more or less of upper parts (at least upper back) nearly the
same color.
a 1 . Cap and at least upper back rufous or rufous chestnut or rufous
brown.
a2 . Under parts plain (not mottled or spotted).
1. A whitish superciliary stripe
Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Pelzeln).
(Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil.)
2. Male similar, but female lacks the rufescent upper back
Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln).
(Rio Branco, N. Brazil.)
b 2 . Under parts more or less mottled, the feathers tipped with dusky.
1. Front of crown streaked; sides of body reddish brown
Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr).
(Mexiana I., N. E. Brazil.)
b 1 . Cap (ground color) and upper parts, nearly the same color (either
brown, or olive brown, or buffy brown or grayish).
b2 . Whole tail plain (tail feathers uniform, not bicolored nor dis-
tinctly marked with brown or black on some feathers).
b3 . Crown streaked.
b. Underparts olive grayish or buffy grayish.
1. Primaries edged with rufous
Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater) .
(Caracas, Venezuela.)
t I have not seen this species and it may not belong to this genus.
Cory—A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 153
2. Primaries not edged with rufous
Cranioleuca ruticilla (Cabanis and Heine).
(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
c4 . Under parts white, whitish or grayish white.
1. Size larger; middle rectrices uniform to the ends
Cranioleuca slriaticeps strialiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).
(Bolivia.)
2. Size smaller; middle rectrices with inner webs tinged with
dusky and dusky ends
Cranioleuca striaticeps helerocerca (Berlepsch).
(Cosquin, Cordova, Argentina.)
c 3. Crown not streaked.
c. Flanks streaked with black or blackish.
1. Under parts white or whitish; wings blackish bordered
with mouse color Siptomopsis hypochondriacus (Salvin)
(Melea, Cajabamba, Peru.)
d4. Flanks not streaked with black.
1. Edges of wing coverts rufous; basal part of outer webs of
remiges pale rufous forming a band; a sulphur yellow throat
spot (adult) no throat spot; under; parts more or less tinged
with ochraceous or pale tawny; crown and back buffybrown
(immature) Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister).
(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
2. Wing coverts and tail dark rufous; under parts ochraceous;
crown and back tinged with olivaceous (immature);
cap rufous (adult) Cranioleuca pallida (Wied).
(Campos Geraes, S. E. Brazil.)
'. Some tail feathers (at least) bicolored, marked or bordered with
differently colored ends or bases,
c. Throat white, the feathers with black or brown points or spots;
breast (at least) with narrow shaft streaks (no colored throat
patch).
1. Wing coverts, flanks and lower abdomen rufous brown; a
white superciliary stripe; tail dark brown, the outer webs
of the two outer feathers largely rufous brown
Cranioleuca humicola humicola (Kittlitz).
(Valparaiso, Chili.)
2. Similar but wing coverts, flanks and lower abdomen more
rusty brown; superciliary stripe but slightly indicated or
absent
Cranioleuca humicola steinbachi (Hartert and Venturi).
(Cachi, Prov. Salta, Argentina.)
d3 . Throat (in adult) with patch or spot of rufous, chestnut or
tawny; throat spot absent or faint in immature.
d4 . Tail more than 90 mm. long.
1. Tail feathers rufous shading to dusky rufous towards the
ends; crown and back brown; forehead rufous; throat
spot (in adult) rufous
Pseudosiptornis ottonis (Berlepsch).
(Cuzco, Peru.)
154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
e 4 . Tail less than 90 mm. long.
e B . Rump strongly rufous.
1. Outer tail feather only with inner web black and outer
web rufous, rest of tail feathers black; outer secon-
daries edged with rufous; basal part of secondaries
washed with rufous forming a band throat; spot rufous ;
under parts not milky white
Cranioleuca d'Orbignyii (Reichenbach).
(La Paz, Bolivia.)
2. At least two outer pairs of tail feathers entirely rufous;
outer secondaries not edged with rufous and no rufous
basal band on secondaries; throat spot rufous; under
parts milky white
Cranioleuca arequipae (Sclater and Salvin).
(Arequipa, S. W. Peru.)
fB . Rump not strongly rufous.
f6 . At least outer tail feather uniform, both webs the same
color to the base.
f7 . Outer tail feather only uniform rufous brown, rufous
or pale brown.
1. Outer tail feather brown, rest of tail dark brown,
the feathers more or less bordered with pale
brown; a white superciliary stripe; throat whitish,
more or less indistinctly streaked with brownish
Cranioleuca humilis (Cabanis).
(Junin, Peru.)
2. Outer tail feathers dark rufous, rest of tail dark
rufous with blackish on inner webs; throat spot
(in adult) tawny rufous
Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater).
(Obraillo, C. Peru.)
g7 . Two outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous, rest
blackish or blackish marked with rufous.
1 . Third tail feather with some blackish on inner web ;
tail relatively short (about 68 mm.)
Cranioleuca baeri (Berlepsch).
(Cosquin, Cordova, Argentina.)
h 7 . Three outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous or
brownish rufous.
h8 . Upper tail coverts dark rufous.
1. Upper parts brown; rump slightly brownish ru-
fous; under parts, sides and flanks brownish
ashy; large throat spot deep rufous chestnut
Cranioleuca neglecta (Cory).*
(Macate, Peru.)
* This may prove to be the same as pudibunda, but the throat spot and coloration of
the tail feathers is quite different from the description of that species, as given by Sclater
and Taczanowski.
Cory—A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 155
8
i . Upper tail coverts brownish like back and rump.
1. Upper parts pale brown (between wood brown
and buffy brown) throat; spot (in adult ) tawny
rufous Cranioleuca sordida sordida (Lesson").
(Chili.)
2. Similar but upper parts darker (more fuscous
brown) throat spot similar;
Cranioleuca sordida flavogularis (Gould).
(Santa Cruz, Patagonia.)
3. Similar but upper parts still darker; under parts
whitish gray; throat spot rufous chestnut
Cranioleuca sordida affinis (Berlepsch).
(Las Vasques, Tucuman, Argentina.)
7
i . Four outer pairs of tail feathers uniform rufous or
brownish rufous.
1. Two middle pairs of tail feathers dusky brown (at
least on inner webs); tail feathers pointed; throat
spot tawny; under parts tinged with tawny
Cranioleuca heterura (Oustalet).*
(Tucuman, Argentina.)
2. Four outer tail feathers uniform brownish rufous;
two middle pairs with more or less blackish; tail
feathers not sharply pointed
Cranioleuca pudibunda (Sclater).f
(Obraillo, C. Peru.)
6
j . Outer tail feather more or less bicolor (not uniformly
colored to base).
7
. Middle pair of tail feathers with outer websj rufous,
inner webs blackish.
1 . Outer tail feather with at least basal part of inner
web dusky brown or blackish; all tail feathers
including middle pair with more or less blackish
and rufous; throat spot tawny rufous
Cranioleuca modesta modesta (Eyton).
(Chili.)
2. Similar but upper parts sandy earth brown; wings
and tail longer
Cranioleuca modesta sajamae (Berlepsch).
(Esperanza, Sajama, W. Bolivia).
3. Similar but throat spot (in adult) chestnut rufous;
bill longer (about 15 mm.;
Cranioleuca modesta rostrata (Berlepsch).
(Vacas, E. Bolivia.)
• I have not seen this species, which may belong to a different genus.
t I have not seen this species, which is described by Sclater (and also Taczanowski) as
having the two middle pairs of rectrices only marked with blackish on inner webs, the rest
of the tail feathers uniform. Berlepsch, however (J. f. O., 1901, p. 93 in text) states that
pudibunda has the 2d to 4th pair blackish on inner webs. As no specimens are available,
I have been forced to include it in both sections.
156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
k7 . Middle pair of tail feathers uniform pale tawny.
1. Throat spot (in adult) rufous
Cranioleuca hilereii (Oustalet).
(Tucuman, Argentina.)
e 3 . Throat uniform pale grayish (no bright colored throat spot in
adult.
1 . Outer tail feather with outer web rufous, rest of tail feathers
blackish; upper parts mouse brown or grayish earthy
brown under parts grayish under wing coverts ochraceous; ;
cinnamon; lower belly and flanks buffy ochraceous
Cranioleuca patagonica (d'Orbigny;.
(Rio Negro, Patagonia.)
b. Color of cap and back very different.
b 1 . Cap, wings (externally) and tail rufous, chestnut or rusty brownish.
b2 . Breast not distinctly streaked or spotted.
b3 . Face and sides of head not rufous or cinnamon.
b4 . With a distinct superciliary stripe.
b 5 . Cap streaked with black.
1 . Similar to antisiensis, but crown streaked with black
Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs).
(Santa Marta, Colombia.)
c5 . Cap not streaked with black,
c. Smaller, wing less than 62.
1. Under parts ochraceous; back brownish; superciliary
stripe white or whitish
Cranioleuca pallida (Wied).
(Campos Geraes, S. E. Brazil.)
d6 . Larger, wing more than 60.
1. Under parts ochraceous; back olivaceous; supercili-
ary stripe tawny
Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski).
(Chirimoto, N. E. Peru.)
2. Under parts pale grayish; upper parts brown; lores
and superciliary stripe whitish; wing less than 70
mm. Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater).
(Cuenca, Ecuador.)
3. Similar but superciliaries purer white and ear coverts
more grayish; under parts somewhat pale
Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (Taczanowski).
(Huambo, N. Peru.)
4. Upper parts grayish mouse color; throat white; wing
more than 70 mm., otherwise approaches antisiensis,
but larger Cranioleuca baroni (Salvin).
(Huamachuco, E. Central Peru.)
c4 . Without a distinct superciliary stripe.
1 . Upper parts brown tinged with rufous crown and forehead;
nearly uniform in color; throat whitish
Cranioleuca curtata curtata (Sclater).
(Bogota, Colombia.)
Cory—A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 157
2. Similar but forehead brownish olive; size somewhat smaller
Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).
(Marcapata, S. E. Peru.)
c 3 . Face and sides of head rufous or cinnamon.
cc. Middle pair of rectrices russet brown (different color from
rest of tail).
1. Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater).
(Pallatanga, Ecuador.)
d4 . Middle pair of rectrices cinnamon rufous like rest of tail.
1. Chest grayish; rufous of crown extending to nape
Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway).
(San Antonio, Rio Cali, N. W. Colombia.)
2. Chest light buffy olive; rufous of crown not extending to
nape Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence).
(Costa Rica.)
c2 . Breast distinctly streaked or with irregular spots.
1. Back reddish brown; crown somewhat darker; breast brownish
olivaceous with whitish streaks; superciliary stripe white;
belly plain Siptornis striaticollis (Lafresnaye).
(Bogota.)
2. Back brown; breast pale grayish brown marked with black
points or spots to the feathers, belly with obscure blackish
bars Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye).
(Yuracares, Bolivia.)
c 1 . Cap white or brownish white (very different from back); tail and
more or less of wing coverts rufous.
1. Upper back rufous; lower back brownish; under parts olivaceous
brown; size smaller
Cranioleuca albiceps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).
CSica-Sica, Bolivia.)
2. Upper parts olive brown; cap brownish white; throat and fore-
neck whitish; rest of under parts pale earthy brown
Cranioleuca albicapilla (Cabanis).
(Maraynioc, Peru.)
B. Back distinctly streaked.
a. Under parts (at least below the throat) not streaked.
a 1 . Upper parts dark olive brown streaked with blackish.
a2 . Outer tail feathers uniform (plain rufous or brownish rufous);
under parts not buffy white.
1. Three outer tail feathers plain rufous; size smaller, wing about
60 mm.; throat spot rufous; breast and sides more or less
tinged with brownish olivaceous
Cranioleuca wyatti (Sclater and Salvin).
(Santa Marta, Colombia.)
158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
2. Two outer tail feathers uniform brownish rufous; third tail
feather with blackish border on inner web under parts rufous;
cinnamon; size larger, wing about 72 mm.
Cranioleuca? graminicola (Sclater).*
(Near Junin, Peru.)
b 2 . Outer tail feathers largely dark brown (not uniform rufous or
brownish rufous) under; parts buffy white.
1 . Bill shorter
; exposed edges of basal part of inner primaries not
rufous; inner tail feathers blacker and the pale edging not so
pronounced; throat patch larger; darker rufous wing (about
70 mm.) Cranioleuca humilis humilis (Cabanis).
(Junin, Peru.)
2. Bill longer; exposed edge of basal part of inner primaries rufous;
pale edging on inner tail feathers brighter and more conspicu-
ous; throat patch smaller; paler rufous wing (about 67)
Cranioleuca humilis marayniocensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).
(Maraynioc, C. Peru.)
3. Similar but larger; wing about 74 mm.
Cranioleuca humilis robusta (Berlepsch).
(Iquico, W. Bolivia.)
b 1 . Upper parts olive buffy or olivaceous tawny streaked with blackish.
b 2 . Cap plain bright rufous; size smaller, wing less than 55 mm.;
tail attenuated and sharply pointed
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides maluroides (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).
(Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
c2 . Cap not plain rufous; whole crown streaked; size larger, wing
much more than 60 mm. tail attenuated and
; pointed.
c 3 . Superciliary stripe whitish or buffy white.
1. Throat spot rufous ;| flanks and under tail coverts not dis-
tinctly streaked; smaller, wing 70 mm. or less
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) anthoides (King).
(Straits of Magellan.)
2. Throat spot yellowish or rufous; flanks and under tail cov-
erts more or less streaked; wing about 74 mm.
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater).
(Conchitas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
3. Throat spot rufous; lower abdomen and flanks uniform fawn
color without streaks; size of hudsoni
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) lilloi (Oustalet).J
(Tucuman, Argentina).
* I have not seen graminicola Sclater and it may belong to a different genus.
t The gular patch and general color of the throat is very variable and may be due to
age. In this connection Mr. Charles Chubb writes me as follows: "The colour of the throat
is a variable character which occurs in both male and female being sometimes white dotted
with black, at others lemon or sulphur yellow, and many (at all seasons of the year) cin-
namon rufous."
t I have not seen specimens of either lilloi or punensis.
Cory—A Review of Siptornis and Cranioleuca. 159
d3 . Superciliary stripe rufescent.
1. Superciliary stripe and middle of abdomen rufescent
Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) punensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).
(Puno, S. E. Peru.)
b. Both upper parts and under parts streaked.
b 1 . Plumage dark streaked with white or whitish.
b2. Size larger, wing more than 68 mm.
1. Lower back and rump not streaked; middle breast white
Siptornoides virgata (Sclater).
(Junin, Peru.)
c2 . Size smaller, wing less than 68 mm.
1. White streaks on under parts much wider, upper throat rufous
tawny Siptornoides ftammulata flammulata (Jardine).
(Andes of Ecuador.)
2. Similar but color of throat extending to upper margin of breast
(in adult) whitish streaks on back narrower;
Siptornoides flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).
(Maraynioc, C. Peru.)
3. Similar but no rufous tawny on throat; forehead more tinged
with rusty; stripes on breast and sides more obscure; blackish
marking on tail irregular
Siptornoides flammulata maculicauda (Berlepsch).*
(Iquico, W. Bolivia.)
4. Whitish streaking on under parts much narrower; throat spot
on upper throat deep rusty rufous (in adult)
Siptornoides flammulata multistriata (Sclater).
(Bogota.)
5. Whole throat (in adult) ochraceous buff or buffy rufous; sides
of head more or less buffy rufous
Siptornoides flammulata quindiana (Chapman).
(Paramo de Santa Isabel, Central Andes, Colombia.)
c 1 . Plumage tawny or buffy; upper parts streaked with blackish;
breast and sides streaked with dark brown or dusky.
1. Throat spot tawny rufous (adult?) or upper throat plain whitish
(immature?)! Siptornoides (Eusiptornoides) hudsoni (Sclater).
(Conchitas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
* No specimens seen.
t See foot note (antea) regarding the variation in coloration of throat in this species.