SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 123 REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUBFAMILY EUCOSMINAE OF THE FAMILY OLETHREUTIDAE BY CARL HEINRICH Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings^ the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthro- pology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and dis- tributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper in pamphlet form is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents of the volumes. The Bulletins^ the first of which was issued in 18Y5, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa- sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type specimens, special collections, etc. The ma- jority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indis- pensable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contribiir- tions from the National Herharium^ has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 123 of the Bulletin series. William deC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary^ in charge of the United States National Micseum. Washington, D. C, January 31, 1923. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Historical review 2 Phylogeny and classification 4 Comparative table of structural characters 6 Description of family Oletlireutidae 9 Key to the subfamilies 10 Larval habits and economic importance 10 Key to the genera of Eucosminae 11 Genus 1. Pseudogalleria 12 2. Rhyacionia 13 3. Petrova 21 4. Barbara 27 5. Spilonota 30 6. Strepsicrates 31 7. Thiodia 32 8. Eucosma 71 9. Epiblema 136 10. Suleima 155 11. Sonia 160 12. Gypsonoma 162 13. Proteoteras 165 14. Zeiraphera 169 15. Exentera 172 16. Gretchena 179 17. Griselda 186 18. Gwendolina 188 19. Crocidosenia 189 20. Norma 191 21. Kundrya 192 22. Rhopobota 193 23. Epinotia 1 194 24. Anchylopera 233 25. Ancylis 243 26. Hs^stricophora 253 Species referable elsewhere 259 Species omitted 260 Appendix 263 F}xplanation of plates 273 Index 287 III IV REVISIOiN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUB- FAMILY EUCOSMINAE OF THE FAMILY OLETHREUTIDAE. By Carl Heinrich, 0/ the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. INTRODUCTION. The present paper is the result of several years' study of the family Olethreutidae. It is based chiefly on the collections of the United States National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and of Dr. William Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois. Through the cour- tesy of the American Museum I have been able to study and arrange the Kearfott material and to make genitalia slides of such species as were not represented by authentically determined specimens in the United States National Museum. Wherever possible the genitalia of the type specimen—where the latter was a male and available — were examined and mounted on slides. Genitalia slides were made of every species represented by males in the National Collection, and in many cases several slides were made of a species, especially of doubt- ful or variable forms. Doctor Barnes has loaned the National Mu- seum the whole of his unworked material, and both he and the Ameri- can Museum have contributed liberally to the National Collection. The three collections are being arranged to conform to the system herein proposed, and at present represent, with the exceptions noted in the text, the complete described North American fauna in this group. I have also examined the Zeller types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and the Clemens types in Philadelphia, and Dr. Henry Fernald has kindly allowed me to study the collection of his father at Amherst, Massachusetts. I am also indebted to Dr. W. T. M. Forbes for some valuable sug- gestions. Mr. August Busck, at whose suggestion I undertook the revision of the Olethreutidae, has given me his notes on the Walsing- ham types in the British Museum and has helped at every stage by criticism and suggestion. Indeed, without the support of his mature and comprehensive knowledge it would have been impossible to have accomplished anything with this most difficult group. The present preliminarjT paper is a complement to his revision of the Tortricidae 1 2 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. proper and is in reality only a division of labor preparatory to a monograph of the entire North American Microlepidoptera on which he and I are now engaged. Inasmuch as the latter work will deal fully with each species, it has been deemed advisable to confine the present paper within the limits of a mere revision, omitting descrip- tions of already named species, except in so far as these are covered by specific keys and photographs of the male genitalia. Only the more important references are cited, and for those species common to both Europe and North America purely European synonomy has been omitted. The accepted North American synonomy has in each case been reexamined and corrected or verified by comparison with types or other authentic specimens. In a few instances where this could not be done (for example, some of the Walker species whose types are in the British Museum) the fact has been noted in the text and the synonomy of older authors followed. Citations to the Dyar catalogue (Catalogue of North American Lepidoptera, 1903) refer to the United States National Museum Bulletin No. 52. Twenty-six genera are recognized as belonging to the subfamily. Of these, nine are described as new. It is unfortunate that additional generic names had to be made, as the sj^nonomy is already heavily burdened, but I have only done so where no older names could be applied. The generic synonomy itself is not complete, as only those genera are treated of which the genitalia of the genotype could be studied. Three hundred and eighty-two species and twenty-nine varieties are recognized. Of these, sixty-nine species and nine vari- eties are described as new. Six species which I have been unable to recognize or place properly from the published descriptions, with three others which must be referred to other groups, are briefly treated at the end of the paper. HISTORICAL REVIEW. Until recently the Heinemann system has been the base of classifi- cation in the Tortricidae, and while nearly all workers felt it to be unsatisfactory there has been no radical departure until 1915, when Walsingham and Durrant^, largely at the suggestion of Busck, threw out all genera based on secondary sexual characters, placing under the genus Eucosma alone some twenty-seven as synonyms. The list is not complete, for the authors made no attempt to place those genera whose genotypes were not before them at the time. Their genus Eucosma corresponds roughly—this is, with the inclusion of a few generic groups that they still tentatively retained such as Ancylis, Rhyacionia {Evetria Authors not Hiibner), Hendecaneura—to the subfamily Eucosminae as here defined. Meyrick in 1910 in his classi- » Biol. Cent. Amer. Lepid. Heter., toI. 4. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 6 fication of the Australian Tortricina ^ discarded the male costal fold as a valid character, retaining, however, other secondary characters, particularly those of the male antennae, though Busck has pre- viously ^ pointed out the weakness of all such characters. As early as 1876 Peyerimhoff* and again in 1885 Barrett^ had pointed out the worthlessness of the costal fold. Peyerimhoff's paper is a fine critical study of the various external characters of the Tortricoidea. He saw much more than any of his contemporaries or successors their weaknesses, but . unfortunately he was unable to suggest a better arrangement. Dampf in 1908,^ in a very careful morphological study of the genitalia of Rhoyobota naevana^ calls attention to the taxo- nomic value of these organs, pointing out what he believes to be generic differences in several European species and defining the sub- families Tortricinae and Olethreutinae on genitalic characters.^ No other author, as far as I know, has ever attempted to use genitalia in classifying the moths of this group, and Dampf's paper is natur- ally confined to the study in hand, suggesting rather than carrying out the larger application. Kearfott's work with the Tortricid families was confined to specific descriptions. Fernald's long-expected revisions never appeared. His Synonymical Catalogue ^ is merely the application of the Heinemann system to the North American fauna. He did, however, a valuable and lasting work in fixing the types of the various Tortricid genera (The Genera of the Tortricidae and Their Types, 1908) and clearing the field of vexatious nomenclatorial problems. Walsingham and Durrant's later work in the Biologia has changed the terminology very little from Fernald except by additions to the synonomy. Their few radical changes, such as the substitutions of Cydia Hiibner for Carpocorpsa Treitsclike (with pomonella Linnaeus as type) and the relegation of Laspeyresia Hiibner to synonomy, are the result of the acceptance of Stephens Catalogue in the matter of type fixation. On such questions the writer prefers to follow the American authors, accepting the types as fixed hj Fernald. In lumping all genera that could not be maintained on venational or other structural characters common to both sexes, the authors of the Biologia took a long step in advance toward a natural classifica- tion. This is evidenced by the fact that the generic divisions here » Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 36, pt. 2. s Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 19, 1906, p. 174. *Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 6, ser. 5, pp. 523-546. ^Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 22, pp. 1-6. 8 Iris, vol. 21, pp. 304-329. ^ In 1917 I gave a short paper before the Washington Entomological Society (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 19, pp. 137-138),. in which I separated the Olethreutidae and Tortricidae on genitalic structure and criticised Meyrick's use of the uncus for that purpose. I regret that at the time I was unacquainted with Doctor Dampf's paper, which had already covered much of the same ground. « Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 10, 1882, pp. 1-72. 4 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. made after consideration of both primary and secondary characters in the light of the added information derived from a study of the male genitalia and to a limited extent of the larvae, only split within, and not across, the limits of their genera. The only weakness of their system lay in the equal value they attached to differences in fore and hind wing variation. The erection of the family Spargano- thidae is untenable on the character given (7 and 8 of fore wing stalked) for the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of the fore wing does occur in several genera in the Olethreutidae, and these can in no way be united with Sparganothis^ in spite of the pectinate hind wing. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION. It is the author's conviction that in the Olethreutidae venational changes of the hind wings are the characters of most fundamental import. On these characters—with the exceptions of a stalked 6-7, easily and at different places derived from the normal approximate condition of these veins, and the united 3-4 derived equally readily from a stalking of 3-4—the genera fall into larger natural groups to which, for convenience of handling, subfamily names are given. In separating the genera of the Eucosminae I have considered as nearly as possible all the external structural characters of the moth, including secondary sexual modifications. My purpose has been to arrange the species in their natural order, putting together those most alike in genitalic structure and general habitus and separating them into groups according to their development from the general- ized type. These groups I have designated as genera, defining them on any characters that would serve to identify them. In this family, strange as it may seem, it is necessary to know what species consti- tute a group before the taxonomic value of any single character can be established. Once we know what species constitute a group, any character or combination of characters will serve to identify it, even though such a character unsupported may not of itself justify ge- neric separation. This applies to venational almost as strongly as it does to secondary sexual characters. Of the latter I have been able to use the male antennal notch (figs. 3a, 4a) and certain male sex scalings on the hind wings {Proteoteras^ Grocidosema, Rhopohota^ figs. 6, 7). These characters, though independently acquired in dif- ferent places, indicate an advance from the primitive type and corre- spond with other progressive characters in the genitalia. This, of course, does not mean that all the species having an antennal notch, for example, belong together, any more than that all the species having veins 7 and 8 of fore wing stalked belong together, but I think it does mean that they have developed further than those without the notch and should be separated from them, particularly as such a character when once acquired would not be easily lost. NORTH AMBKICAN EUCOSMINAE. 5 The male costal fold, on the other hand, is thoroughly unreliable. I have used it only in one place (Thiodia), and there simply for con- venience, to separate an unvp^ieldly genus and there again only be- cause the species which would fall under Thiodia are closely related otherwise and in venation average a considerable advance over those with the fold (3-4 of hind wing are very frequently long stalked or united in Thiodia, seldom so in Eucosma proper). Since the generic name already exists, nothing is added to the synonomy by the separa- tion. I believe that the Eucosminae as a group originated from a form possessing the fold, and that its loss is part of the general progress, but it is too easily and frequently lost in any of the groups for the loss to be significant here. Neither have I been able to use differences in pectination of the male antennae or vestiture of the palpi. The differences are too gradual and slight and as marked between species within a given group as between the groups them- selves. In the Olethreutidae, generic divisions have not the same signifi- cance as in groups where natural limitations are sharply defined by consistent structural differences. This is particularly true of the Eucosminae, which is in reality one large composite genus with few or no distinct gaps between the species, and with exasperating spe- cific fluidity. In fact, because of the tendency to modify under local and food-plant conditions, to split off into local races and varieties differing in structure, color, and size, the fixing of specific limits is often a difficult matter. With the genera the limits are even more ob- scure. Fundamental structural differences between the subfamilies are none too rigidly fixed. The transition, for example, from a hind wing with vein 5 bent and closely approximate to 4 at the base to one with 5 straight and parallel with 4 (the Laspeyresiin charac- ter) is not sudden. Indeed, several of the Eucosminae have vein 5 well separated from 4, and, in some cases, were it not for habitus and genitalic characters there would be considerable doubt of their posi- tion. With all other characters it is the same. Nothing holds rigidly. There are, however, within the family several definite tendencies at work indicating diverging lines of development. Not all the species are tending the same way. Groups here and there show markedly opposite tendencies, and in the farthest advanced species the result is striking. But the difficulty is that not one or two but many tenden- cies are manifest, and in no two groups is the same proportion or rate of change among the various structures maintained. Some, for ex- ample, will retain a developed uncus while exhibiting an advanced type of neuration. Others again in losing the uncus exhibit a tendency to narrow and split the organ, while still others reduce it in an en- tirely different way. Such tendencies are significant, as they show the influence of heredity, different in the descendants of different 6 BULLETIN 128, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. individuals who in remote or recent time diverged in method to a common end (in the case in point to a form without uncus). To lump all such groups of species into a single genus because no one single consistent and inflexible character can be found to separate each of them from all the others is to beg the issue. Not only con- venience but fidelity to the truth, as we know it, demands some ar- rangement and separation of the specific groups that will link the species in their natural order and separate them according to their different lines of development. These groupings we call genera. Their definitions we must frame in a synthesis of characters so as to include within the genus those species which are obviously close and to exclude all obviously different. On the other hand, to unite forms that agree on one or two struc- tural details—whatever they may be—or to classify upon one set of characters, venational, genitalic, vestigial, or secondary sexual, is to commit the absurd, bringing together species of widely different origin and separating others that by their very habitus must be spe- cifically close. For example, the stalking or fusion of veins 7 and 8 of the fore wing, the uniting of 3 and 4 of hind wing, the loss of uncus or socii from the genitalia, the presence of raised scales or an antennal notch may and do occur each in several places. It is that synthesis of several characters considered in the manner of their development which must be considered significant. The comparative chart will illustrate more clearly than any possible description the tendencies working to separate groups and how far each has progressed in the several groups, and should show at once the necessity of some arrangements expressing this progression and the difiiculty of defining it in terms of " yes or no," " with or without," since its real significance is the total of results plus direction. The general tendencies in the Eucosminae may be enumerated as follows : 1. In wing shape : from a form with rather broad forewings with a costal fold and convex termen tending to narrower winged forms, with termen straight and slanting, evenly concave with apex rounded or distinctly falcate, or with termen deeply notched between veins 4 and 5, the costal fold disappearing and frequently lost. 2. In forewing venation : from a primitive form with 2 straight, 3, 4, and 5 well separated at termen, 11 arising from cell well before middle, with upper internal vein of ceU branching off between 10 and 11 and with apical end of cell unconstricted ; the tendencies are for the apical end of the cell to become constricted, for the internal vein to move forward till it branches off between 9 and 10, for 11 to move forward till it arises from the middle or somewhat beyond the middle of the cell, for 3, 4, and 5 to crowd together at the termen COMPARATnrE TABLE OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS. Symbols: X= Character present. OX=Character both present and absent. I Earely. • See remarks. » Often. * 7806—22. (Face p. 6.) NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMHsTAE. 7 (in extreme cases 3 and 4 fusing well before the termen), and for vein 2 to become sharply bent upward before reaching termen. 3. In hind wing venation : from a form with 6-7 approximate to- ward base (" tortriciform"), with 3-4 short stalked, and with 5 bent at base and closely approximate to the stalk of 3 and 4 ; to forms with 6-7 distinctly stalked, with 3 and 4 united, and with 5 tending to be- come straight and moving away from 3 and 4 at the base. 4. In secondary characters : from a smooth winged form with sim- ple antennae and possessing the male costal fold but without the other secondary sexual modifications; to forms with raised scales on forewings, notched antennae or male sex scalings on the hind wings. 5. In genitalic development showing modification in several direc- tions, all tending, however, to the following results : a loss of uncus, socii, clasper, and costal hook of harpe (element of a divided, re- duced, and modified transtilla) and a general simplifying of the tegumen and harpes. The uncus disappears in three distinct ways : (a) by gradual weakening and reduction without narrowing {EuGOsma-Epiblema group) ; (b) by narrowing, splitting to a bi- fid hook and gradually becoming shorter and shorter till it disap- pears but without becoming more weakly chitinized {Epinotia- Ancylis group) ; (c) by bifurcation and reduction becoming in ad- vanced types {Rhopohota^ Norma^ Kundrya) two short widely sep- arated, wealdy chitinized projections from the posterior end of the tegumen. The socii disappear (or lose their identity) in two ways, either by gradual reduction {Rkyacionia) or by fusion with gnathos {Gyp- sonoma, Gretchena^ Epinotia) . In the latter case, however, it does not appear to be the socii which are disappearing. In fact, they become broader, more triangular {Gypsonoma) or more stronglj^ chitinized {Epinotia) . The gnathos becomes correspondingly smaller and more restricted but in the close association and final fusion of the two parts the identity of the socii is obscured. The most extreme devel- opment is reached in Rhopobota where there is an almost complete fusion of the two parts into a hairy, knobbed, porrected organ, only the apices of which can be differentiated as socii and only a narrow connecting band between the two porrected arms identified as the free element of a gnathos. All the rest is a fusion of the two parts. The gnathos itself is entirely lost only in Hystricophora. The harpes imdergo various developments, in some forms acquiring spines on the outer surface {Rhopobota^ Crocidosema) , but on the whole tend- ing to lose the heavy spining from sacculus and the region bordering the neck. These organs have a wide specific range of shape but the general tendency is to a simple form with rather broad battledore 8 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. shaped and evenly spined cucuUus. This type is best exemplified in the Laspeyresiinae which from the standpoint of genitalia exhibits the highest development of the Olethreutidae. In the subfamily Eucosminae there are apparently three main lines of development, three group complexes as it were. The first and largest is the Epiblema-Eucosma-Thiodiia line with its several off-shoots ; the second and in some respects more primitive (as to uncus and harpes structure) but otherwise more advanced type (on wing form) is the Epinotia-Ancylis line with its laterals. Most of the genera trace either to one or the other of these two stems. A few {Rhopohota^ Kundrya, Norma) show affinities to both lines and are of doubtful origin, but on the whole seem more closely related to the Epinotia than the Eucosma group. The third distinct line is represented by a single genus, EysPricophora^ a highly specialized type with its divided harpes and lost gnathos, but on other genitalia structures a primitive form not linked up with any other Olethreutid group or genus that I know. The modified eighth abdominal segment so prominently de- veloped in this genus and Pseudogalleria is also somewhat similarly developed in Proteoteras. Venation places Flystricophora in Eucos- minae, but the genitalia while distinctly Olethreutid show many resemblances to the Tortricid type. It has no derivatives and prob- ably is an advanced specialization from the most pnmitive type. At any rate, it forms a line by itself. Pseudogalleria^ the most advanced of the Eucosminae and what may be considered to represent a possible fourth line, shows more affinity to the Eucosma than to the Epinotia groups. In structure it has much in common with RJiyacionia and forms the connecting link between the Eucosminae and Laspeyre- siinae. If genitalia alone were considered, it would easily go into the latter subfamily. At this point it might be well to consider for a moment the relative position of the two families Tortricidae and Olethreutidae. Our dis- tinguished authority on dogmatic evolution, Mr. Edward Meyrick, derives the former from the latter. To quote his own words,^ " the external relationship of the family (Tortricidae) appears to be clear; it is a development from the Argyroploce group of the Eucosmidae (Olethreutidae) the transitional connection (through Mictoneura in the Tortricidae and ArticoUa in the Eucosmidae) being almost com- plete. As the Argyroploce group exhibits a not inconsiderable degree of modification relatively to the Laspeyresia group, which is the primitive form of the Eucosmidae, the origin of the Tortricidae must be regarded as markedly later than that of the Eucosmidae." With these conclusions and their premises we are compelled to disagree. The family Olethreutidae is sharply distinguished from the Tortri- » Genera Insectorum : Tortricidae, Fasc. 149, 1913, p. 2. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. - 9 cidae on gentitalia, which alone enable clear and exclusive definition of the two families, and on genitalia the Olethreutidae are distinctly in advance of the Tortricidae. The genitalia of the Olethreutidae with the peculiar fusing of the upper margin of saccalus to the costal edge of the harpe leaving a restricted opening toward the base of the harpe, the narrowed articulating base of the harpe, articulating against the juxta of the anellus and connecting with the tegumen only by the costal hook, or (as in Rhyacionia) by a thin membrane from the place usually occupied by the hook, rather than the primi- tive articulation along the lateral margin of vinculum, as well as the loss of transtilla and the progressive reduction and elimination of many fundamental structures all indicate a specialized and advanced type. From this no generalized type could have developed, and in every way the Tortricid genitalia are distinctly the more generalized type. The genitalia of the Olethreutidae are unique and like those of no other group in the Lepidoptera. Indeed it is hard to see just where the connection is made between the two families, so complete is the break. At any rate, it is far back, and one thing is certain, the Tortricidae could have developed from no group with the genitalic development of the present Olethreutidae. Exactly reversing Mey- rick's order I would derive the Olethreutidae from the Tortricid stem, interpreting the Laspeyresiinae as their most advanced develop- ment. The Olethreutidae as a whole are a newer more plastic group, with structural characters unsettled, generic limits poorly defined, and many species in process of change. From it no other family has as yet developed. The tree (facing p. 1) illustrates my present conception of the phy- logeny of the genera of the Eucosminae and the relation of the larger groups of the Olethreutidae to each other and to the Tor- tricidae. Family OLETHREUTIDAE. Moth.—Antennae less than two-thirds as long as fore wings. Head rough scaled above. Labial palpus ascending, with third joint porrected and normally short. Ocelli present. Tibiae with all spurs present. Fore wing with eleven or twelve veins; 1 bifurcate; 2 from cell before outer three-fourths ; 4 and 5 sometimes connate; 7 and 8 separate, stalked or united; other veins separate. Hind wing with 7 or 8 veins ; 3 and 4 separate, connate, stalked or united ; 6 and 7 approximate towards base or stalked, rarely separate and parallel {Dichrorampha) ; 8 free; lower median vein pectinate towards base. Harpes of male genitalia strongly chitinized ; basal articulation narrow, articulating against basal plate (juxta) of anellus; sacculus not extending into a free arm but with upper edge fusing with costal 10 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. margin of harpe, leaving a more or less restricted opening at base of harpe; cucullus well defined; transtilla absent or represented only in its reduced elements by a short hook on costa of harpe near base; anellus developed, consisting of a triangular plate with ex- tended central arm supporting aedoeagus. Larva.—Prothorax with three setae, on prespiracular shield ; Ila as high or higher than la. Proleg-bearing abdominal segments with IV and V approximate under the spiracle. Ninth abdominal seg- ments with paired setae II closer together than paired I on dorsum of eighth abdominal segment, usually on a single chitinization ; I and III approximate, normally on a single chitinization. No secondary hairs, except an occasional fourth seta in Group VII on proleg-bearing abdominal segments. Pupa.—Two rows of spines on dorsum of most abdominal seg- ments; wings broad at tip (not sharply tapering); antennae not reaching to tips of wings. KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF OLETHKBUTIDAE. 1. Hind wing with 5 straiglit, almost parallel with 4 (fig. 2) laspeyresiinae. Hind wing with 5 bent at base, approximate to 4 2 2. Hind wing with 3-4 separate or connate (fig. 1) Olethreutinae. Hind wing with 3-4 stalked or united (fig. 6) Eucosminae.*" Dichroram'pha belongs in the Laspeyresiinae. It is obviously close to Laspeyresia and a derivative from it. The separate condition of veins 6-7 in the hind wing may be interpreted as a later development rather than the primitive venational type. Bactra and Pohjchrosis fall naturally in the Olethreutinae. All the characters defining the subfamily are given in the above key. The larvae of so few species are available that no definition can be drawn on larval characters. LARVAL HABITS AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Nearly every type of larval activity is represented in this sub- family. The greater number of species whose life histories are known are borers in the roots, stems, bark, buds or fruits of trees, shrubs, or low growing plants. Several are leaf-tiers and a few feed exposed upon the leaves or flowers. In the genus Epinotia we have at least two species {E. heucherana and E. ruidosana) whose larvae are true leaf miners for the entire feeding period. A number of ^* This character seems to share the fate of nearly all others and to fall down in one place (.OtcendoUna concitatrioana Heinrich). Hei'e in most specimens veins 3 and 4 are distinctly connate. In a couple, however, they appear very short stalked aJid as the genitalia is distinctly Bucosmin, it must be included in the Bueosminae. Oiven- dolina is also distinguished from the Olethreutinae by having a distvnct notch in termen of fore wing. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 11 species are of prime economic importance and four of our common introduced pests {Spilo7iota ocellana, Grocidosema pleheiana^ Rhopo- hota 7iaeva7ia, and Rhyacionia huoliana) are members of the subfam- ily. In fact the species constituting the genera Rhyacionia, Petrova, and Barbara (the old genus Evetria of authors) are the most impor- tant lepidopterous enemies of our coniferous trees. Nearly every plant family finds an enemy somewhere in the Eucosminae and its range of food plants covers most of the genera of our flora. All authentic food plant records are given under each species. It is hoped that the too frequent phrase, " food plant unknown ", will stimulate more extensive biological activities; for only when the larvae of our species are known will it be possible to construct a truly satisfactory taxonomy. KEY TO THE GENERA OF EUCOSMINAE. The genus Hendecaneura Walsingham, treated in the appendix, is not included in this key. It would fall under No. 24 and be differentiated from Zeiraphera by the "stalked rather than approximate condition of veins 6-7 in the hind wing. 1. Fore wing with a distinct notch in termen ; hind wing with veins 3 and 4 connate (18) Gwendolina. Fore wing with or without a notch ; but if notch is present veins 3 and 4 of hind wings never connate 2 2. Fore wing with apex falcate 3 Fore wing with apex pointed or rounded but not distinctly falcate 4 3. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings stalked '. (25) Ancylis. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings united (24) Anchylopera. 4. Fore wing with 4-5 connate 5 Fore wing with 4-5 separate or approximate ; not connate 7 5. Costal hook of harpe absent; socii rudimentary or absent— (2) Rhyacionia. Costal hook of harpe present ; socii developed, long 6 6. Harpe with rudimentary clasper (3) Petrova. Harpe without such clasper (4) Barbara. 7. Fore wing with 7 and 8 united 8 Fore wing with 7 and 8 approximate connate or stalked 10 8. Uncus absent ; if rudimentary not bifurcate 9 Uncus weak but developed, bifurcate (21) Kimdrya, 9. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wing stalked ^ (11) Sonia. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wing united (10) Suleima. to. Antenna of male with notch above basal joint 11 Antenna of male without notch above basal joint 12 11. Fore wing smooth (5) Spilonota. Fore wing with tufts of raised scales above dorsum (6) Stepsicrates. 12. Harpe with heavy spines from outer surface 13 Harpe without heavy spines from outer surface 15 13. Gnathos and socii fused; socii caudally projected (22) Rhopobota. Gnathos and socii separate; socii drooping 14 14. Fore wing with tufts of raised scales above dorsum (13) Proteoteras. Fore wing smooth (19) Crocidosema. 15. Eighth abdominal segment modified and included in genitalia 16 Eighth abdominal segment not so modified 17 12 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 16. Harpes divided (26) Hystricophora. Harpes simple (1) Pseudogalleria. 17. Harpe witli rudimentary clasper 18 Harpe without rudimentary clasper 19 18. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing stalked (12) Gypsonoma. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing approximate towards base (9) Epiblema. 19. Uncus normally strong; if reduced bifurcate or narrow and bifid 20 Uncus rudimentary or absent; not bifurcate or narrow and bifid 22 20. Uncus bifurcate; arms widely separated 21 Uncus simple or bifid (narrow) (23) Epinotia. 21. Socii broadly triangular (17) Griselda. Socii ribbon like (20) Norma. 22. Socii and gnathos fused beyond base; gnathos reduced 23 Socii and gnathos free beyond base ; gnathos not reduced 24 23. Fore wing with slight tufts of raised scales above dorsum— (16) Gretchena. Fore wing smooth (15) Exentera. 24. Socii short and broad (triangular) ; harpes sickle shaped with neck densely densely spined (14) Zeiraphera. Socii finger like; liarpse otherwise 25 25. Fore wing of male with costal fold (8) Eucosma. Fore wing of male without costal fold (7) Thiodia. 1. Genus PSEUDOGALLERIA Ragonot. (Figs. 39, 40, 413.) Genotype.—Galleria inimicella Zeller. Thorax with slight posterior tuft. Fore wing smooth; termen concave between 4 and 7; 12 veins; 7 and 8 separate; 10 from cell midway between 9 and 11; 9 approxi- mate to 8; 11 from near middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell from between 9 and 10; 3, 4, and 5 not approximate at termen; 2 straight; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate towards base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpe simple; cucuUus weakly spined, with only a few scattered strong spines in corona ; sacculus weakly haired. Uncus and socii absent. Gnathos weak, almost obsolete. Posterior of tegumen forming a hood over anal opening. Vinculum rather broadly triangular. Aedoeagus slightly curved; long; tapering; moderately stout; cornati a cluster of a half dozen slender moder- ately long spines. Eighth abdominal segment distinctly modified. On genitalic structure this genus would go into the Laspeyresiinae. Its hind wing venation, however, is typically Eucosmid and it will have to go here as the highest development of the Eucosminae, link- ing that subfamily and the Laspeyresiinae. It contains only one species. ISrOETH AMEEICAN EUCOSMHSTAK. 13 PSEUDOGALLERIA INIMICELLA (Zeller). (Figs. 39, 40, 413.) Oalleria inmiicella Zkllkr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 22, 1872, p. 559. Pseudogalleria inimiceUa Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 4, ser. 6, Bull, pp. L-Li. — Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5078, 1903. — Keabfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 350 ; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 209 ; Ins. N. J., 1909, p. 541. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6878, 1917. Male genitalia figured from reared specimen in National Collec- tion from Washington, District of Columbia (" Jan. 11, 1900, August Busck"). Larva bores subterraneously in the stem of SmiXax. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: District of Columbia, New York, New Jersej?^, Connecticut, North Carolina, Texas, Indiana, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—16.5-23 mm. Type.—In collection, Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Smilax (cat briar). 2. Genus RHYACIONIA Hubner. (Figs. 9, 15, 45.) Genotype.—Tortrix huoliana Denis and Schiffermiiller. Synonyms.—R^tinia Guenee. Genotype. — Tortrix huoliana Denis and Schiffermiiller. Evetria Authors (not Hiibner) (part). Fore wing smooth; termen straight or very slightly convex; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 separate ; 4 and 5 connate ; 10 remote from 9 but fur- ther from 11 than from 9; 11 from middle or near middle of cell; upper internal vein from between 10-11 ; 3, 4 and 5 remote at termen; 2 straight ; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 12 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpes simple; cucullus sharply defined but somewhat narrower than middle of harpe; pollex present (very short in genotype but normally well developed) ; no strong anal spines; neck smooth; sacculus without heavy spine or hair clusters; costal hook ah sent., its place taken by a small triangular membrane connect- ing costa of harpe and vinculum. Uncus absent. Socii rudimentary (mere clusters of hairs in type) or absent. Gnathos not distin- guishable (in genotj^pe represented by a weakly chitinized ventral plate on underside of anal tube. In other species even this is ab- sent). Aedoeagus straight or very slightly curved; slender, or if stout, tapering ; moderately long ; cornuti, when distinguishable, con- sisting of a cluster of two or more of slender, elongate spines. 7806—23 2 14 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The genus as here deJBned represents one group of those species which formerly constituted the genus Retinia or what we in recent years have been wrongly calling Evetria. The type of the latter {tedella Clerck) is nowise related to any of the species that have been cited as Evetria, and is congeneric with similana Hiibner the type of Epinotia. Evetria must fall therefore as a synonym of the latter. A study of the different coniferous bud, shoot and cone moths showed that among those Olethreutids without the costal fold there were three distinct groups, each with its own peculiar type of genitalia and a correlating specialization of larval habit, and representing what I believe to be three closely related but distinct genera. They have been till now considered as one genus {Evetria of authors not Hiibner) which was retained on the connate character of veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing, a lumping that can not be maintained unless we are willing to ignore genitalic characters altogether. In that case, everything in the subfamily might as well go into Eucosma for, unsupported, the venational character is no better than any other. On the whole it holds, but in several Eucosina 4 and 5 are so closely approximate that it requires an effort of the imagination to distinguish them as not con- nate. I have been compelled to use the character in my generic key ; but I should hate to rest a genus on it alone. Furthermore, the larval habits and structure indicate the same lines of generic cleavage as the genitalia. In Rhyacionia the larvae feed only on pines, boring into the buds and from them into the new growth of the stems. Their presence is usually indicated by a resinous exudation about the buds; but none of them cause pitch nodules to form on the stems. In Petrova the larvae bore into the stems, branches, and bark of both pines and spruces, some species favoring the new and others the older growth. None of them attack the buds and all cause a nodule like exudation of pitch to gather on the part of the tree attacked. This nodule is quite characteristic, being a round dirty lump of pitch and frass. Within it they rest when not feeding and within it they pupate. The larvae themselves have an extra seta on the abdominal prolegs. In every other genus in the Olethreutidae as far as I know there are only three setae in Group VII on the prolegs. In Petrova there are four. In Barlara the larvae all feed in the cones of spruce. None of them attack the buds, stems, bark, or other parts of the tree. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHYACIOXIA. 1. Fore wing silvery white, transversely lined and blotched v^ith pale faun color (10) subcervinana. Fore wing otherwise 2 NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 15 2. Entire fore wing ferruginous orange; transverse markings in tlie form of irregular, sharply contrasting silver white bars (1) buoliana. Ground color of fore wings red-brown; if ferruginous orange only so ire apical area and with basal part of wing grayish, faintly cross lined with whitish or silvery gray 3 3. Basal area of wing grayish 4 Basal area of wing reddish brown 8 4. A narrow, longitudinal black streak or two in fore wing from middle of termen (2) neomexicana. No such longitudinal black streak from middle of termen 5 5. Outer sides of palpi distinctly ferruginous 6 Outer sides of palpi grayish or grayish fuscous 7 6. Grayish part of wing heavily dusted with blackish ; termen finely edged with very dark ferruginous brown (6) montana. Grayish part of fore wings without such black dusting ; termen edged with bright brownish red (3) pasadenana. 7. Grayish basal shade extending as far out toward outer margin on dorsum as on eosta; male antennae coarsely ciliate (4) busckana. Grayish basal shade extending further out toward outer margin on costa than on dorsum; male antenna very finely ciliate, almost smooth. (5) adana. 8. Basal ferruginous patch following by a broad median whitish fascia frosted with silver scales (7) rigidana. Basal ferruginous patch following by a narrow antimedian yellowish white fascia 9 9. Specimens averaging under 15 mm. alar expanse (8) frustrana. Specimens averaging over 15 mm. alar expanse (9) var. bnshnelli. 1. RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (Schiflfermuller) . (Pigs. 9, 15, 45.) Torfrix buoUana Schiffeemuller, Syst. Verz. der Schmett., 1776, p. 128. Rhyacionia buoliana Hubnek, Verz., 1818, p. 379. Retinia MioUana Guenee, Index. Microlep., 1845, p. 46. Evetria biioliana Meyeick, Handbk. Brit. Lepid., 1895, p. 470. — Staudingee and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 1851, 1901. — Busck, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, 1914, p. 340 ; Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr., no. 170, 1915, pp. 1-11. This dangerous pest has been repeatedly introduced into this country on European pine seedlings and has been discovered in several of our nurseries. At present writing it seems to be well estab- lished only on Long Island. Busck's bulletin gives the life history and a comprehensive bibliography. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Westbury, Long Island (New York) reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 13905a from Pinus sylvestris (Heinrich, 12 June, 1915). Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from New York. Alar expanse.—16-24 mm. Type,—Location unknown. Type locality.—Austria. Food plant.—Pinus (various species). 16 BULLETIN" 123, UI^ITED STATES E^ATIOFAL MUSEUM. 2. RHYACIONIA NEOMEXICANA (Dyar). (Fig. 46.) Evetria neomexicana Dyak, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 286. — Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6764, 1917. .Semasia offectalis Oockerell (not Hulst), Ent. News, vol. 12, 1901, p. 317. This is the principal native bud moth on the western yellow pines in the Southwest. It is of great economic importance and in New Mexico and Arizona does great damage to the trees. The life his- tory has been worked out by Mr. J. H. Pollock, of the United States Bureau of Entomology. According to his notes the species has one generation a year, the adults emerging from April 12 to 23, laying their eggs on the inner side near the base of the needles. In from thirty-nine to forty-six days the eggs hatch, the larvae bore into the buds down into the stems of the new shoots, killing them, and when they have exhausted the food in one, passing to another and repeat- ing the process. Larval development is completed by July 15, at which time the caterpillars leave the twigs and enter the ground, at the base of the tree, spin a thin cocoon and pupate. By August 1 all the brood have pupated and in this stage they overwinter. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Flagstaff, Arizona (Hopk. U. S. no. 13962&, C. F. Kostian, collector, June 29, 1916). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : New Mexico, Arizona, southern Colorado. Alar expanse.—19-28 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Las Vegas, New Mexico. Food plant.—Pinus ponderosa, P. scopulorum. 3. RHYACIONIA PASADENANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 50.) Evetria pasadenana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 3.- Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6771, 1917. This is the species that has been recorded by Walsingham and others as the European E. duplana Hiibner. The true duplana does not occur in our fauna. We have two specimens in the United States National Museum reared from buds of pine (species not specified), one of which had been seen by Walsingham and labeled " dupla^ia Hiibner." Male genitala figured from reared specimen in national collection from California (exact locality not specified). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 17 Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Alameda, Pasadena, and Los Angeles Counties, California. Alar expanse.—l-t-lT mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—iVlameda Count}^, California. Food Plojnt.—Pi7ius, species. 4. RHYACIONIA BUSCKANA, new species. (Fig. 51.) Antennae of the male coarsely ciliate. Palpi sordid white speckled with grayish fuscous. Head grayish fuscous shading to reddish fus- cous above. Fore wing from base to outer fourth grayish fuscous barred with gray-white, the gray-white markings rather faint but distinguishable and in four pair of vertical bars; outer fourth of wing red with a bright red line along termen; cilia sordid white with a blackish fuscous subbasal line and a blackish fuscous terminal shading.- Hind wing smoky fuscous with a very distinct dark basal line. Legs fuscous banded with Avhite and with hind tibiae sordid white faintly dusted with fuscous. Male genitalia of type jfigured. Type.—Cat. No. 24785, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Tyjye locality.—Bellmore, Long Island, New York. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type from Bellmore, Long Island (" G. P. Englehardt, IV-1913 ") ; one male and five female paratypes from Central Park, Long Island (Englehardt, March and April) ; one female paratype from Riverton, New Jersey (" IV-22, 06 ") ; one female paratype from lona, New Jersey (" IV-25 ") ; one male para- type from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ("III-26-11 ") ; and one female paratype from Hazleton, Pennsylvania ("IV-25"). I also have before me several specimens (males and females) taken flying at Falls Church, Virginia, by Miss Ada F. Kneale during the last week in March, 1920. This is the species that has appeared in our collections as the European Retinia turionana Hiibner. The true turionana belongs in the genus Petrova and does not occur in our fauna. P. husckana is close to the western montana Busck which it resembles closely in genitalia. It is distinguished from it and adana by its aedoeagus, which is distinctly toothed for a greater part of its length. In the other two this organ is smooth. R. montana is also distinguished 18 BULLETIN 123, UlTITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. from both adana and tuschana by the number and size of its cornuti, having a dozen or more short ones in a cluster while the other two species have only three each and these rather long. Named in honor of my friend, August Busck. 5. RHYACIONIA ADANA, new species. (Fig. 52.) Like B. lyusckcma^ from which it differs in having very finely ciliate (almost smooth) antennae in the male; darker palpi; a touch of red on the tegulae ; and an invasion of the outer ferruginous shade into the gray ground color on dorsum. In other words, the grayish basal shade extends further out into the wing on costal than on dorsal half of fore wing, not extending beyond the middle of the wing on latter. In this respect the pattern is that of neomexicana without the longi- tudinal black streak from middle of termen. It is distinguished also by its aedoeagus which is smooth and tapers to a long curved pointed tip. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—16-17.5 mm. Type.—C2it. No. 24786, U.S.N.M. Paratopes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Forest Hills, Massachusetts. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type from Forest Hills, Massachusetts ("Wm. Kaff, 5-IV-1910 ") ; two male paratypes from Falls Church, Virginia (A. F. Kneale, March 21, 1919, and March 31, 1920) ; one male paratype from Bluemont, Virginia (A. F. Kneale, March 30, 1920) ; and one male paratype from Hazleton, Pennsylvania (" Dietz, IV-16-87"). Named in honor of Miss Ada F. Kneale, to whom I am indebted for the very careful genitalia drawings accompanying this paper. Superficially this species is uncomfortably close to huschana, but on male antenna and genitalia characters must be kept separate. Neither have as yet been bred and the larvae of both are unknown. 6. RHYACIONIA MONTANA (Busck). (Fig. 47.) Evetria montana Busck, Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, 1914, p. 147. — Baknes and McDuNNOTJGH, Check List Lepid., Bor. Amer., no. 6777, 1917. I have seen only the type of this species. It differs from the others of this immediate group (neomexicana, pasadenana, buscJcana, adana) chiefly in the number and character of the cornuti of the NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 19 penis. In montana these are very short and stout and form a cluster of a dozen or more set very close together. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—19 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Elliston, Montana. Food plant.—Pinus contorta. 7. RHYACIONIA RIGIDANA (Fernaid). (Fig. 49.) Retinia rigidana Fern'ald, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1879, 1880, p. 237. — Packaed, Fifth Rept., U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p. 754. Evetria rigidana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepld., no. 4999, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6761, 1917. For many years this species had not been represented in our col- lections, and as far as I know has not been recorded in our economic literature since Packard's citation of the original description and notes of Fernaid and Comstock. I have several times in recent years reared the moth from larvae feeding in the buds of various pines also infested with the larvae of the Nantucket pine moth, E. frus- trana Comstock. The two species occur together, have the same habits, and are probably confused in the economic references to frustrana. Fernald's species, however, seems to be more local. While its distribution in the East probably corresponds roughly to that of frustrana^ it is to be found only in localities here and there and does not seem to be very common anywhere. The larvae of the two have never been satisfactorily differentiated and the complete life history of rigidana remains to be worked out. It has two gen- erations a year (like frustrana)^ the moths issuing in March and April and again in late June and early July. It overwinters in the buds as pupa. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Staunton, Virginia (reared April 7, 1917 under Hopk. U. S. no. 13975a from larva in bud of Pinus taeda., J. J. de Gryse, collector.) Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, New York. Alar expanse.—14-18 mm. Type.—In collection Fernaid. Type locality.—Ithaca, New York. Food plants.—Pimis rigida.^ P. virginiana^ P. taeda., P. laricio, P. ryVvestris. 20 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 8. RHYACIONIA FRUSTRANA (Comstock). (Fig. 53.) Retmia frustrana Comstock, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1879, 1880, p. 236, — Packakd, Fifth Report U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p. 745. Evetria frustrana Feknald, in Dyar'List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 4998, 1903. Baknes and McDunnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6760, 1917. This species is known in economic literature as the " Nantucket pine moth," It is our commonest and on the whole the most de- structive pine moth we have—on account, chiefly, of its abundance and wide distribution. It occurs nearly everywhere east of the Rockies where pines grow. It has two generations a year (moths issuing during March and early April and again during June and July) and its life history corresponds to that of rigidana as far as we know the latter. Its favored food plant in the east is the com- mon scrub pine {Pmus virginiana) , but it attacks and thrives on all species except the white pines. For some reason these seem to be immune. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Morristown, Pennsylvania (reared from Pinus taeda, April, 1915, under Hopk, U. S. no. 12169(?, Heinrich, collector). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Florida, Texas, Georgia, Ala- bama, South Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Dis- trict of Columbia, New Jersey, Massachusetts. Alar expanse.—9-15 mm. Type.—In collection Cornell University. Type locality.—Massachusetts, Food plant.—Pi/nus, spp. 9. RHYACIONIA FRUSTRANA BUSHNELLI (Busck). (Fig. 48.) Evetria hushnelU Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, 1914, p. 144. — Baknes and McDunnough, Checli List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6773, 1917. Busck described this as a separate western species distinct from the eastern frustratia. After several years' rearings of both forms, during which I have succeeded in producing a typical hushnelU artificially by inducing our smaller native frustrana to oviposit on western yellow pine (P. ponderosa) and rearing through on that tree, and after comparison of the genitalia of several specimens, I am convinced that it is nothing more than a local food plant race. There are, in fact, no consistent characters upon which to separate the two. On account of its great economic importance in the sec- tions of the West where it occurs, I am retaining Busck's name as a racial designation. I have seen it in the West only in places where NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 21 reforestation has been undertaken, and in such phices its origin can be traced to trees introduced from eastern nurseries. At Halsey, Nebraska, the infestation is especially severe, nearly every bud of nearly every pine tree containing one or more larvae. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Fort Bayard, New Mexico (reared from P'mus ponderosa^ March 17, 1916, under Hopk. U. S. no. 13955, A. J. Jaenicke, collector). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Arizona, New Mexico, Ne- braska. Alar expanse.—12-19 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Fort Bayard, New Mexico. Food plant.—Pinus pjonderosa and other species. 10. KHYACIONIA SUBCEKVINANA (Walsingham) . Retinia suhcervinana Walsingham, Illus. Ivepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 25. Eveendix. (Figs. 21, 148.) Genotype.—Eucosma drculana Hiibner. Synonyms.—1. Grapholitlia Treitschke in part (Pelochrista Led- erer). Genotype. — Paedisca mancipiana Mann. 2. PygolopJia Lederer. Genotype. — Penthina higubrana Treit- schke. 3. Catoptria Guenee. Genotype. — Tortrix cana Haworth. 4. Affa Walker. Genotype. — AJfa Mpuncfella Walker. 72 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5. GalUmosema Clemens. Genotype. — Gallhnosema scintillana Clemens. Fore wing smooth; termen straight or slightly concave between veins 3 and 6; 12 veins; 7 and 8 separate; 4 and 5 separate; 10 much nearer to 9 than to 11 ; 11 from middle or just before middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11; 3, 4 and 5 remote or approximate at termen but not the former when termen is appreciably concave; 2 straight or very slightly bent up near termen; 3 and 4 rarely fusing before termen (fig. 5); male with costal fold. Hind wing with 7 or 8 veins ; 3 and 4 stalked, rarely united ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base. Male genitalia with harpes simple; cucuUus variously shaped, sharply defined, usually with strong anal spine or spines; neck in- curvation usually pronounced; neck not heavily spined or haired; sacculus without heavy spine or hair clusters; costal hook present; no rudimentary clasper. Socii developed ; finger like ; short or mod- erate. Gnathos free to near base ; weakly chitinized but not reduced. Uncus rudimentary; never more than a rounded or pointed projec- tion at end of tegumen; basally broader than long. Aedoeagus straight ; short or moderate ; normally stout, not needle like ; cornuti a cluster of three or more elongate spines. The largest genus in the subfamily. It is still considerable of a lump. The different types of cuculli seem to suggest the possibility of further division but an attempt along these lines would separate species that on pattern and general habitus seem extremely close. Very likely the larvae will give us characters on which to divide the genus; but as yet too small a percentage is known. As it stands Eucosma represents a group of species intermediate between Epi- hlema and Thiodia and with them constituting one of the two main stems of the Eucosminae. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EUCOSMA. 1. Fore wing unicolorous; sometimes finely dusted, finely and evenly spotted, or with a single small spot at end of cell, but with no large dark spots or perceptibly clouded areas nor appreciable white lines nor ocelloid patch nor other conspicuous markings 2 Fore wing otherwise 17 2. Ground color of fore wing white c> Ground color of fore wing not white -1 3. Fore wing evenly and conspicuously spotted with black. (79) hyponomeutana. Fore wing with only a few scattered black scales (70) larana. 4. Fore wing bright yellow or golden 5 Fore wing otherwise colored, often ochreous but not bright yellow or golden 7 5. Fore wing yellow 6 Fore wing golden evenly spotted with darker iridescent patches. (78) grandiflavana. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMmAE. 73 6. Fore wing pale lemon yellow unmarked (10) gandana. Fore wing bright canary yellow with a black dot at end of cell. (81) bipunctella. 7. Fore wing entirely unicolorous sometimes finely dusted with pale or sub- lustrous scales giving an ashy appearance but not conspicuously spotted_8 Fore wing more or less evenly peppered with small spots of dark or white scales 15 8. Fore wing gray (86) excerptionana. Fore wing ochreous or somewhat reddish or decidedly brownish 9 9. Fore wing decidedly brownish with ashy gloss 10 Fore wing pale ochreous to ochreous-fuscous or rust red 11 10. Cilia of fore and hind wing white (83) denverana. Cilia of fore and hind wing dark (105) molDilensis. 11. Fore wing rust red (50) immaculana. Fore wing pale ochreous to ochreous fuscous 12 12. A few sublustrous scales on fore wing, especially toward apex, also a few scattered black scales in ocellar area (48) subflavana. No such black or sublustrous scales on fore wing 13 13. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous, shining (45) luridana. Hind wing dark smoky fuscous, dull 14 14. Alar expanse averaging 19 mm.; not over 22 mm (46) consociana. Alar expanse averaging 25 mm.; not under 23 mm (49) handana. 15. Fore wing blackish fuscous evenly and densely spotted with white. (93) landana. Fore wing grayish ochreous or ochreous fuscous 16 16. Irrorations on fore wing very fine and evenly placed, semi-metallic; hind wing smoky fuscous, cilia concolorous (47) irroratana. Spotting on fore wing dark, coarse, irregularly placed; hind wing very dark dull fuscous, cilia white (84) fuscosparsa. 17. Fore wing light yellow to brown or red with pure white (silvery) mark- ings either in longitudinal stripes, blootches, cross bands, or irregular curved markings ; no ocellus 18 Fore wing otherwise 36 18. Ground color of fore wing pale salmon yellow, silver markings faint, mark- ing the veins, most noticeable along base of cell and vein 7 (9) caniceps. Ground color otherwise ; white markings distinct 19 19. Markings of fore wing transverse, as broad as long or broader 20 Markings longitudinal or oblique 23 20. A median transverse white band 21 No such median transverse white band ; white markings in large blotches obscuring most of the ground color 22 21. Small basal spot followed by a single transverse band_(l) qainquemaculana. Small basal spot followed by two transverse bands (2) robinsonana. 22. Groimd color of fore wing brown (11) adamantana. Ground color of fore wing pale lemon yellow (12) spaldingana. 23. Without a serpentine white bar on disk 24 With a serpentine white bar on disk 33 24. White markings consisting of two longitudinal silver streaks only. (4) fandana. White markings otherwise 25 25. White markings in narrow silver streaks largely following the veins 26 White markings otherwise 27 26. Ground color of fore wing pale golden yellow (18) argenteana. Ground color of fore wing olivaceous (19) idahoana. 74 BULLETIN 123, ' UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27. Median bar unbroken from base to margin (3) crambitana. Median bar not unbroken from base to margin 23 28. Median bar absent; white markings oblique (20) ragonoti. Median bar present; white markings longitudinal 29 29. Median bar reaching from base to middle of wing 30 Median bar not reaching from base to middle of wing (13) sandiego. 30. An unbroken silver band along costa from base to just before apex. (5) canariana. No such unbroken costal band 31 31. Ground color of fore wing golden ochreous (6) ridingsana. Ground color of fore wing pink or red 32 32. Median bar and spots narrow; ground color pinkish (7) fernaldana. Median bar and spots broad; ground color rust red (8) magnidicana. 33. Serpentine white bar on disk near center of wing 34 Serpentine white bar on lower median field, forming a line along fold to tornus, thence upward along termen to apex (15) optimana. 34. A long silver stripe along dorsal margin of fore wing (14) gilletteana, A single w^hite spot on dorsal margin near middle 35 35. Serpentine white bar continued to base of fore wing (16) agassizii. Serpentine white bar not continued to base of fore wing but often joining dorsal margin near base (17) bolanderana. 36. Fore wing ochreous white or pale ochreous, lined with white ; the white markings often obscure ; if distinct, not silvery ; no ocellus ; no dark patches on dorsal margin 37 Fore wing otherwise '. 41 37. White markings rather sharply contrasted against ground color 38 White markings fine and obscure or poorly contrasted against ground color 39 38. With a white serpentine bar on lower median field curving upward from dorsal margin near base and returning to dorsal margin near tornus. (21) serpentana. No such serpentine bar; but with strong median white bar extending from base to just beyond middle of wing (24) morrisoni. 39. Ground color pale dull ochreous ; white lines very fine ; no marked median streak (27) agricolana. Ground color whitish ochreous ; "white lines often blending into ground color; but rather coarse than fine; median white streak distinguish- able 40 40. White areas predominating over dark, giving a generally white appearance to wing (23) argentialbana. Dark areas somewhat more predominate than the white, giving wing a rather dirty white appearance jj^f) pergandeana. \ (26) var. flavana. 41. Fore wing cream white, whitish-ochreous, ochreous, golden, reddish, or grayish-fuscous; with ocellus usually strongly marked, consisting of one or more short horizontal black lines or a series of black dots between two or three vertical white or metallic bars; costa usually finely strigu- lated with Avhite; often with scattered spots or curved lines of semi- metallic scales ; if ocellus is poorly defined, a clouding of fuscous scales forming a blotch of dark scaling somewhere in cell ; no distinct dark patches on dorsal margin ; no definable dark basal patch 42 Fore wing otherwise 61 NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 75 42. Apex of fore wing acutely pointed; termen deeply concave; ground color ochreous with a somewhat coppery hue 43 Apex of fore wing bluntly pointed or rounded; termen rounded, straight, or but slightly concave 45 43. Veins 3-4 of fore wing fusing before termen 44 Veins 3-4 of fore wing closely approximated but not fusing before termen. (126) conspiciendana. 44. Head reddish ochreous (125) cataclystiana. Head white (127) floridana. 45. Fore wing with blotch of fuscous scaling in cell 46 Fore wing without such blotch 47 46. Ground color dirty whitish ochreous; alar expanse over 15 mm. (29) comatulana. Ground color clay-yellow; alar expanse under 14 mm— (43) pallidipalpana. 47. Fore wing cream white or whitish ochreous with a distinctly grayish cast 48 Fore wing ochreous, golden, reddish, or grayish fuscous 49 48. Ocellus with one black longitudinal line (33) monogrammana. Ocellus with three black longitudinal lines (34) atomosana, 49. Ground color of fore wing grayish fuscous 50 Ground color of fore wing not grayish fuscous 51 50. Head brown irrorated with white (35) glomarana. Head putty color (36) sandana. 51. Fore wing with scattered spots or curved lines of semimetallic scales 53 Fore wing not so marked 52 52. Underside of fore wing dusted with fuscous especially toward extremity. (44) perdricana. Underside of fore wing not so dusted (28) costastrigulana. 53. Semimetallic markings in scattered spots 54 Semimetallic markings in thin curved lines 56 54. Alar expanse 12 mm. or less (30) albiguttana. Alar expanse over 16 mm 55 55. Metallic spots bordered with white (31) graciliana. Metallic spots not bordered with white (32) galenapunctana. 56. Area near termen of fore wing, above ocellus, white dusted with faint fuscous streaks 58 Area above ocellus of the yellowish ground color ; not so dusted 57 57. Costa from base to beyond middle shaded with fuscous (37) circulana. Costa from base to beyond middle putty colored and somewhat paler than ground color of fore wing (38) var. gemellana. 58. Fore wing at least twice as long as broad 59 Fore wing not over one and one-half times as long as broad 60 59. Distribution Atlantic States to Rocky Mountains (39) scintillana. Distribution Rocky Mountain region and westward (40) var. randana. 60. Ground color of fore wing Indian red (41) fratruelis. Ground color of fore wing buckskin yellow (42) fraudabilis. 61. Fore wing with a dark basal patch extending from inner angle or near inner angle of dorsal margin or with at least one dark band, or spot on dorsal margin 68 Fore wing without such marking 62 62. Fore wing with a few longitudinal streaks of black or white; otherwise unmarked 63 Fore wing otherwise 64 76 BUUL-ETIlsr 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63. Longitudinal streaks black (82) bilineana. Longitudinal streaks white (85) mediostriata. 64. Fore wing ashy-gray, whitish or pale golden 66 Fore wing dark brown ; or ochreous partially clouded with blackish fuscous. 65 65. Fore wing dark brown ; costa finely strigulated with white. (103) fulminana. Fore wing pale ochreous shading into blackish fuscous toward dorsum. (104) rusticana. 66. With a brown spot or dash at apex of fore wing 67 Without such spot (88) biplagata. 67. A distinct brown streak from costa beyond middle slanting outwardly to near tornus, but not touching dorsal margin ; alar expanse under 20 mm. (89) primulana. A faint brownish dusting extending in an arc from costa beyond middle to apex, joining apical dot; alar expanse 26 mm. and over (87) bactrana. 68. Fore wing with a single dark dash from middle of dorsal margin extending to middle of wing; or with a single dark patch covering most of dorsal margin 69 Markings on dorsal margiii otherwise 70 69. Dark patch extending from mid-dorsal margin, finger like, slanting out- wardly and extending to middle of wing (51) maculatana. Dark patch covering most of dorsal margin (22) heathiana. 70. Male costal fold narrow, not flatly appressed, extending to middle of costa 71 Male costal fold rather broad, flatly appressed, not extending beyond basal third of costa 77 71. Alar expanse 8 to 11 mm (90) gomonana. Altar expanse 13 mm. or over 72 72. Head snow white ; fore wing without any short germinate spots on apical third of costa (52) sonomana. Head cream yellow or ochreous ; two or more short geminate spots on apical third of costa 73 73. Pale portions of fore wing whitish, semi-metallic (56) monitorana. Pale portions of fore wing yellow 74 74. Dark portions of fore wing dark brick red 75 Dai'k portions of fore wing pale rust red or brovsTi 76 75. Posterior part of thorax heavily dusted with siilver gray scales ; outer costal spots of fore wing yellow (55) rescissoriana. Posterior part of thorax but faintly dusted with gray scales; outer costal spots of fore wing brick red (54) cocana. 76. Dark markings of fore wing rust red (53) bobana. Dark markings of fore wing brown (57) tocullionana. 77. Fore wing with a dark basal patch, broader on costal than dorsal margin, not angulate; sometimes with a transverse white line extending across wing parallel with this from middle, or just beyond middle of dorsal mar- gin, toward costa ; or with an outer dark patch on dorsal margin not ex- tending to costa but running parallel with such a basal patch 78 Basal patch obscure, represented only by dusting on paler background ; if present and distinct, straight or outwardly angulate, not appreciably wider on costal than dorsal margins ; often broken and vanishing toward costa ; sometimes only represented by a dark angulate spot on dorsal mar- gin just beyond base; sometimes an outer transverse dark band on wing, but latter, if present, not running parallel with basal patch 80 NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE, 77 78. Two transverse parallel white lines on fore wing 79 No such transverse white lines (92) nandana. 79. A distinct dark spot at apex (112) aspidana. No such apical spot (91) dilatana. SO. Hind wing rust red (98) graduatana. Hind wing not rust red 81 81. Fore wing red-brown, chocolate brown, or terra cotta with darker mark- ings 82 Fore wing white, whitish ochreous, grayish white, or dark ashy fuscous with darker markings 89 S2. An obscure dark basal patch on fore wing; no dark spot on dorsal margin darker than extreme base of wing; an obscure transverse dark shade across wing from dorsal margin near tornus to costa 86 One or two dark spots on dorsal margin; inner dark spot darker than extreme base of wing 83 83. A distinct dark spot on dorsal margin of fore wing near base and one from costa near middle (sometimes reaching dorsal margin) ; the two spots not fusing (94) dorsisignatana. Dark markings not so placed ; or if so, fused into one mark 84 84. Dorsal and costal dark spots on fore wing fused into a single gourd shaped mark 85 Two dark spots on dorsal margin of fore wing; neither reaching to costa. (97) engelana. 85. Ground color of fore wing dark brown (95) diffusana. Ground color of fore wing red-brown (96) similana. 86. Outer transverse dark shade of fore wing outwardly edged with white 87 No such white margin on transverse band 88 87. Palpi and head ochreous fuscous sometimes slightly ferruginous but not purplish red (99) juncticiliana. Palpi and head purplish red (100) excusabilis. 88. Scales on head and thorax brown tipped with white; hind wing dark brown (106) sombreana. Scales on head and thorax reddish brown; not tipped with white; hind wing pale smoky fuscous (102) mandana. 89. Fore wing dark ashy fuscous; darker markings indicated, but obscure, not contrasted with ground color 90 Ground color of fore wing white or whitish ; if ashy gray, darker mark- ings sharply contrasted 92 90. Vertical metallic bars of ocellus of fore wing narrow (101) eumaea. Vertical metallic bars of ocellus of fore wing broad 91 91. A narrow whitish patch on mid-dorsum of fore wing (123) womonaiia. No such whitish patch on dorsal margin of fore wing (124) vandana. 92. An outwardly slanting fuscous band from middle of costa extending to and fusing with outer dorsal patch before tornus, forming a complete fascia_93 No such complete fascia ; if indicated broken at or below middle by at least a line or shade of the pale ground color 101 93. Ground color suffused with dark scales giving fore wing a decidedly grayish appearance . 94 Ground color distinctly white; or somewhat dusted, giving fore wing a pale bluish white rather than a distinct gray tint 95 7806—23 6 78 BTTLLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 94. Basal patch not complete, indicated only by an outwardly oblique dark dash on dorsal margin near base; fascia outwardly margined by a thin white line (109) corosana. Basal patch complete, outwardly angulate; fascia not so outwardly mar- gined (107) pandana. 95. Alar expanse over 25 mm 96 Alar expanse less than 25 mm 98 96. Head reddish '. (63) invicta. Head white 97 97. Ground color of fore wing pearly gray white (65) snyderana. Ground color of fore wing pure white (64) subinvicta. 98. Hind wing dark brown, as dark as dark markings on forewing, or darker 99 Hind wing smoky fuscous ; paler than dark markings on fore wing 100 99. Outer fourth of fore wing, beyond fascia, mostly white (59) momana. Outer fourth of fore wing, beyond fascia, largely occupied by a brown terminal blotch! (58) lolana. 100. Head ochreous; terminal joint of labial palpus black (119) rorana. Head white; terminal joint of labial palpus white (60) grotiana. 101. Outer dark spot on dorsal margin a large quadrangular fuscous blotch cov- ering entire terminal third of wing (including ocellar area) except a narrow part below apical third of costa, touching costa only at extreme apex (80) giganteana. Outer dark spot otherwise 102 102. Vein 3 of fore wing not bent upward, reaching termen just above anal angle ; termen slanting and rounded, slightly convex 103 Vein 3 of fore wing bent upward, reaching termen well above anal angle ; termen nearly vertical and slightly concave; if slanting, straight or a trifle concave, not convex 105 103. Dark markings of fore wing blackish brown 104 Dark markings of fore wing pale grayish fuscous (113) hohana. 104. Median fascia rather broad and outer dark patch near termen conspicuous. (61) dodana. Median fascia narrow; outer dark patch obscure (62) fofana. 105. Outer dorsal patch on fore wing narrowest at base, inwardly oblique. (122) zomonana. Outer dorsal patch on fore wing wide at base, vertical or outwardly oblique 106 106. A distinct outwardly oblique half fascia from middle of costa, extending nearly to outer dorsal patch, as wide as outer dorsal patch and sep- arated from it by only a narrow strip of the pale ground color of the fore wing 107 No such half fascia 108 107. Head white; alar expanse not over 15 mm (69) matutina. Head not white; alar expanse over 20 mm (108) fiskeana. 108. A distinct and isolated fuscous patch or mark at end of cell— 109 No such patch ; or, if present fusing with dark patch above ocellus or with outer dorsal patch, not isolated 115 109. Ground color of fore wing white 110 Ground color of fore wing whitish ochreous 112 110. From costa beyond apical third, a sinuous, irregularly dilated fuscous band or line running around outer margin of ocellus to tornus (116) suadana. No such marking 111 NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAB. 70 ill. Apical spot curved inward from apex of fore wing and decidedly faun brown (66) emaciatana. Apical spot outwardly curved and ashy fuscous (67) totana. 112. Head pure white; a distinct white spot in cilia of fore wing just belo^V' apex (74) reversana. Head ochreous or ochreous white; no such white spot in cilia of fore wing 113 113. Termen of fore wing nearly vertical; veins 3, 4 and 5 decidedly approxi- mate at termen (71) exclusoriana. Termen of fore wing slanting ; veins 3, 4 and 5 not appi'oximate at termen 114 114. Dark markings obscure ; veins 3 and 4 of hind wing long stalked or united. (73) occipitana. Dark markings distinct; veins 3 and 4 of hind wing short stalked. (72) daemonicana. 115. Fore wing with a smeared appearance, the ground color encroaching on the dark markings 116 Dark markings of fore wing definitely defined against ground color 117 116. Ground color dirty white (118) expolitana. Ground color ochreous white (115) palousana^ 117. Head pure white 118 Head ochreous-white, ashy white or grayish-brown 119 118. Termen of fore wing nearly vertical (120) metariana. Termen of fore wing decidedly slanting (68) popana. 119. Head ochreous-white 120 Head ashy white or grayish-brown 123 120. Cilia of fore wing pure white (117) canana. Cilia of fore wing dusted or streaked with fuscous 121 121. Alar expanse under 20 mm 122 Alar expanse over 20 mm (76) shastana. 122. Dark markings of fore wing contrasted against pale (whitish) ground color; hind Vising pale smoky fuscous (75) tahoensis. Dark markings faintly defined, these and ground color suffused with ochreous; hind wing very dark full fuscous (77) palpana. 123. Dorsal patches and apical spot on fore wing ferruginous brown. (114) biquadrana. Dorsal patches and apical spot blackish fuscous 124 124. Outer dorsal spot of fore wing triangular, sharply defined and faintly edged with white scales 125 Outer dorsal spot irregularly square ; not edged with white scales and less clearly defined (121) passerana. 125. Fore wing of male with termen not concave; veins 3, 4, nad 5 not ap- preciably approximate at termen (110) pulveratana. Fore wing of male with termen very slightly concave; veins 3, 4, and 5 somewhat approximate at termen (111) consobrinana. 1. EUCOSMA QUINQUEMACULANA (Kobinson). (Fig. 231.) Cwtchylis qulnquemaculana Robinson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 2, 1869, p. 284. 80 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eucosma quinguemaculana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid. no. 5080, 1903.—Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179.—Keakfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 128, 1905, p. 350. — ^Baenes and McDtrNNouGH, Check .List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6879, 1917. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion taken at Tryon, North Carolina (Fiske). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : North Carolina, Florida, Long Island, New York, Georgia. Alar expanse.—14.5-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 2. EUCOSMA KOBINSONANA (Grote). (Fig. 214.) ConcJiyli3 robinsonana Gkote, Can. Ent., vol. 4, 1872, p. 101. Paedisca guintana Zellee, Verh. Zool. hot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 304. Paedisca robinsonana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 136. Eucosma quinquemaculana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5080, 1903. Eucosma robinsonana Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179. — Baenes and McDuNNOXJGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6880, 1917. Eucosma robinsoniana tryonana Keaefott, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 350. Eucosma robinsoniana Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 351. Dyar and Kearfott removed this species from the synonymy of quinquemaculana Robinson. The genitalia shows this to be correct. Kearfott's supposed variety tryonana^ however, must fall as a syn- onym-since the character he gives (whether the white mark at tornus of fore wing is a single spot or cluster of three or four spots) does not hold and there is nothing in the genitalia to indicate either a specific or distinct racial difference. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion taken at Washington, District of Columbia (Busck). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Florida, North Carolina, Dis- trict of Columbia, New Jersey, Iowa, Alabama* Alar expanse.—10-17.5 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science Philadelphia {rohinsonana) ; Museum Comparative Zoology {quintans) ; American Museum {tryonana). Type localities.—Alabama (roMnsonanu) ; Dallas, Texas {quin- tana) ; Tryon, North Carolina {tryonana) . Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 81 3. EUCOSMA CRAMBITANA (Walsinffham). (Fig. 213.) Pacdisca cramhitana Walsingham, Illns. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 43. Eucosma cramMtana Feenald, in Dyar List, N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5085, 1903. — Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasli., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179. — Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 33, 1907, p. 19. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6896, 1917. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National collection from Oregon. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Colorado, Arizona, Washington, Oregon, Utah. Alar expanse.—^23.6-28 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mount Shasta, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 4. EUCOSMA FANDANA Kearfott. Eucosma fandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 19. Baknes and McDunnough, List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6889, 1917. Eucosma argyraula Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This species is known only by the single female type. It is easily distinguished by the two silver-white longitudinal lines on the yellow fore wing. Alar expanse.—32 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Denver, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 5. EUCOSMA CANARIANA Kearfott. (Fig. 182.) Eucosma canariana Kearfoot, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 18.' Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6890, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Utah, Colorado. Alar expanse.—^28-34 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. 6. EUCOSMA RIDINGSANA (Robinson). (Fig. 210.) Conchylis ridingsana Robinson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 2, 1869, p. 285. Conchylis argentifurcatana Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 8, 1876, p. 206. 82 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Conchylis hipeana Geote, Can. Ent., vol. 8, 1876, p. 207. Encosma ridingsana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5083, 1903. — Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. — Baknes and McDunnottgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6894, 1917. A distinct species but somewhat variable both in markings and genitalia. The difference in the latter are however slight and con- fined to small variations in the size and shape of the cucullus of the harpe. Four moths were reared by the writer August 3-4, 1915, from larvae taken feeding in the roots of " greasewood ? " at Gar- den of the Gods, Colorado (Hopk. U. S. no. 1219T, A. B. Champlain, Coll.). They will probably be found to feed in other species of the Chenopodiaceae. Grote's two species are at present listed as varieties. I have seen no specimens answering his descriptions from eastern Canada and it is very possible that his names may represent either a distinct eastern species or a local race of ridingsana. For the present I am retaining them in the synonomy. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in the National Col- lection taken at Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Washington, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, California, Texas, Manitoba, Illinois. Alar expanse.—18-26 mm. Types.—Lost ? {ridingsana) ; In British Museum ? {argentifur- catana and hipeana). Type localities.—Colorado {ridingsana) ; Port Stanley, Ontario {argeniifurcatana and hipeana). Food plant.—Roots of " greasewood ? " {Sarcohatus vermieu- lafus ?) . 7. EUCOSMA FERNALDANA (Grote). (Fig. 209.) Paedisca fernaldana Gbote, N. Amer. Ent., 1880, p. 98. Eucosnia fernaldana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5084, 1903. Dyab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, pp. 179, 180.—Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6895, 1917. Extremely close to ridingsana Robinson but distinguished by the reddish rather than yellow ground color. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Col- lection taken at Aweme, Manitoba (Criddle). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Manitoba, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado. Alar expanse.—15-25 mm. Type.—^In British Museum ? Type locality.—Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 83 8. EUCOSMA MAGNIDICANA, new species. (Fig. 208.) Dull rust red with silver markings on fore wing as in femaldana Grote but considerably broader ; median silver bar broad, broken in middle by a rather wide space of the red ground color; a broadly triangular silver spot on costa near middle ; almost touching this and separated only by a thin line of the ground color a similar large oval silver spot on costa near apex; along dorsum a broad silver band extending from base of wing almost to tornus; the silver markings not so sharply edged as in femaldana. Hind wings dull grayish fuscous. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Southwest Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from a single male from the Kearfott collection in the American Museum of Natural History ("Dietz, 1899 "). A striking and easily recognized species, nearest to E. femaldana Grote, but distinguished from the latter by the width of the silver markings. The genitalia are very much alike in the two species. 9. EUCOSMA CANICEPS (Walsingham) . (Fig. 185.) Paedisca caniceps Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 137. Eucosma caniceps Feenaxd, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5149, 1903. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6899, 1917. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion taken at Stockton, Utah (Tom Spalding) . Specimens in National Collections, American Museum and collec- tion Barnes from Utah. Alaj'' expanse.—26-30 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Montana. Food plant.—Unknown. « 10. EUCOSMA GANDANA Kearfott. Eucosma gandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 20. Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6897, 1917. Eucosma chloroJeuca Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Known only from the single female type. Is closest in appearance to caniceps Walsingham from which it is distinguished by its lemon yellow color. Alar expanse.—33 mm. 84 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Denver, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 11. EUCOSMA ADAMANTANA (Gnen^e). (Fig. 215.) Argyroptera adamantana Guen^e, Ann. S'oc. But. France, ser. 2, vol. 3, 1845, p. 303. Paedisca adamantana Wai-singham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 505. Eticosma adamantana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5145, 1908. — Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 351.—Barnes and McDun- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6884, 1917. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collection taken at Tryon, North Carolina (Fiske). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: North Carolina, New Jersey, Florida. Alar expanse.—15-20 mm. Type.—In collection Oberthiir. Type locality.—"Lapland?" "North America." Food plant.—^Unknown. 12. EUCOSMA SPALDINGANA Kearfott. (Fig. 184.) Eucosma spaldingana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 19. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6893, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (Stock- ton, Utah). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Stockton, Utah, and Eureka, Utah. Alar expanse.—14-26 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—^Unknown. 13. EUCOSMA SANDIEGO Kearfott. (Fig. 181.) Eucosma sandiego Kearfott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 172. Barnes and McDunnoxjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6898, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Distribution according to specimen in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: San Diego, California, and Loma Linda, California. Alar expanse.—18.5-28 mm. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE.- 85 Type—In American Museum. Type locality,—San Diego, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 14. EUCOSMA GILLETTEANA Dyar. (Fig. 194.) Eucosma gilletteana Dyak, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, pp. 180, 229. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6883, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Colorado ("#2471"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Utah. Alar expanse.—lG-25 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Williams, Arizona. Food plant.—Unknown. 15. EUCOSMA OPTIMANA Dyar. (Fig. 196.) Eucosma optimana Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5. 1893, p. 180. — Baknes and MoDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6891, 1917. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Utah. Alar expanse.—27-33 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 16. EUCOSMA AGASSIZII (Robinson). (Fig. 200.) Conchylis agasslzii Robinson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 2, 1869, p. 284. Eucosma agassizii Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5082, 1903. Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1908, p. 180. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6882, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in American Museum taken at Stockton, Utah (Tom Spalding). Specimens in American Museum and collection Barnes from Utah. Alar expanse.—23 mm. Type.—Lost. Type locality.—Waco County, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 17. EUCOSMA BOLANDERANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 201.) Paeidisca 'bolanderana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 42 ; Trans. Ent. Soc Lond., 1884, p. 136. 86 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eucosma lolanderana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5081, 1903. — Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179. — Barnes and McDun- NOTTGH, Check List Lepid, Bor. Amer., no. 6881, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection taken at type locality. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: California, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico. Alar expanse.—17-20 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mount Shasta, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 18. EUCOSMA ARGENTEANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 216.) Paedisca argenteana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 504. Eucosma argenteana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5146, 1903. Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179. Barnes and McDuN- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6885, 1917. This species has veins of 3, 4 of hind wing long stalked and some- times united ; some specimens exhibiting both venations on the hind wings. Male genitalia from specimen in National Collection taken in Colo- rado ("#2578"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Colorado, Montana. Alar expanse.—18-20 mm. Typ-e.—^In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 19. EUCOSMA IDAHOANA Kearfott. (Fig. 217.) Eucosma idahoana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 90. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6892, 1917. In pattern like argenteana Walsingham but distinguished by the olivaceous ground color of the fore wings. The genitalia of the two species are quite different. Appears to be known only from the type. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—21 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Blackfoot, Idaho. Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 87 20. EUCOSMA RAGONOTI (Walsingham) . (Fig. 202.) raedisca ragonoti Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 503. Eucosma ragonoti Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5160, 1903. — Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasli., vol. 5, 1903, p. 180. — Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Cbeck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6887, 1917. Eucosma ragonoti harnesiana Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 180. Dyar's varietal name falls into the synonomy since it identifies only an aberration. We are limiting such names to distinct local races and food plant varieties and applying them even then rarely and only when there is a distinct necessity for a designation. Were we to begin naming all aberrations and color varieties in this group where species are so subject to variation there would result only a multipli- cation and confusion of names which could serve no useful purpose. In ragonoti the dorsal spots vary greatly, are more often fused than not and when fused make a fascia of variable form. Two specimens from the same locality and taken at the same time frequently show both extremes; that is, with the dorsal spots distinctly separate or completely fused. Male genitalia figured from paratype in National Collection. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum and collection Barnes from various Colorado localities. Alar expanse.—^20-25 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—^Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 21. EUCOSMA SERPENTANA (Walsingham). (Figs. 206, 207.) Paedisca serpentana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc, London, 1895, . p. 504. Eucosma serpentana Fernald, in Dyar List, N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5161, 1903. — Dtak, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., voL 5, 1903, p. 180'. — Barnes and McDun- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6888, 1917. A species easily recognized on pattern. The structural characters, however, like those of many species in this subfamily show rather marked differences in specimens from Pacific coast as compared with those from east of the Sierras. Differences such as those shown in the harpes of the two specimens here figured (figs. 206, 207) would normally indicate two species; but as between specimens from the Pacific coast region and Rocky Mountain or eastern localities they often signify no more than racial differences. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection taken at Pullman, Washington (C. Y. Piper) and Mesilla, New Mexico (C. N. Ainslie). 88 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Washington, Montana, New Mexico, Iowa. Alar expanse.—16-20 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 22. EUCOSMA HEATHIANA Kearfott. (Fig. 235.) Eucosma Jieathiana Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 56. — Barnes and McDuffiNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6930, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Washington County, Arkansas. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Manitoba, Arkansas, South Dakota, Iowa, Kansas, New Mexico. Alar expanse.—14-18.5 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cartwright, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unlmown. 23. EUCOSMA ARGENTIALBANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 234.) Paedisca argentialbana Walsingham, Ulus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 44. Paedisca smithiana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 506. Eucosma argentialbana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5089, 1903. — Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 44. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6918, 1917. Eucosma smithiana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5162, 1903. Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 44. Barki:s and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7047, 1917. My conception of this species agrees with Kearfott's, except that I would include smithiana Walsingham as a synonym, as there is nothing in the description of the two species on which to separate them. The specimens in the American Museum determined by Kear- fott as smithiana are Thiodias and obviously not Walsingham's species. I have seen no specimens from the type locality of argentialbana (Texas) but specimens from Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Man- itoba agreeing . with the descriptions of both argentialbana and smithiana agree on all genitalia characters. In the National Collec- tion there is also a series of specimens from Sioux City, Iowa (" IX, NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 89 1918, 1916, C. N. Ainslie") which I take to be a local race of argen- tialbana. There is little in general appearance to distinguish the adults except their size which averages smaller (12 to 14 mm.) than that of argentialbana but there is an appreciable though slight dif- ference in their male genitalia. Those of argentialbana have the rudimentary uncus notched and nearly square while the variety shows it triangular and pointed. It is possible that these specimens may represent a distinct species but for the present I prefer to leave them as an unnamed race of argen- tialbana. There is also in the National Museum a series of half a dozen moths collected at Florisant, Colorado, by S. A. Eohwer, July 7, 1907, in which the ground color of the fore wing is darker and the white pattern is more outstanding than in what is generally un- derstood to be the typical argentialbana. These moths in superficial appearance resemble much more closely serpentana Walsingham, for which they might easily be mistaken. One specimen of the series has, indeed, been labeled by Kearfott as '"'' serpentana Walsingham var." Their genitalia characters however are those of argentialbana. I consider this also merely a variety and am leaving it unnamed. This and the following three species are variable in both pattern and structure and their races seem to run into each other so that it is often difficult to separate them. I would also call attention to three specimens from Verdi, Nevada, found among Kearfott's dupli- cates—and which I take to be only a local race of argentialbana^ larger in size (22 mm.) and with somewhat darker hind wings and showing aberrations in venation; one specimen having 3-4 of fore wing approximate at termen and two with 3-4 of fore wing fusing before termen. The venation of the hind wing also varies in the three specimens. In one 3-4 is long stalked (differing in the length of stalk in the right and left hind wing) and in the other two they are united. For obvious reasons I am not naming this form. I call attention to the aberations simply because in two other species of the genus Eucosma {catacylstiana Walker and fioridana Kear- fott) the fusion of veins 3 and 4 of fore wing before termen is a constant character and would suggest generic separation were it not for such intermediate forms as we find associated with argentialbana. How many species we really have and what their exact limits are we can only determine when their food plants and life histories are known. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection taken in Colorado ("#2143"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Montana, Colorado, New Mex- ico, Manitoba, Utah. 90 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—14r-22 mm. Types.—In British Museum. Type localities.—Texas (argentialbana) ; Loveland, Colorado {smithiana) . Food plant.—Unknown. 24. EUCOSMA MORRISONI (Walsingham), (Fig. 229.) Paedisca morrisoni Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 138. Eucosma morrisoni Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5159, 1908.— Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasli., vol. 5, 1903, p. 179. — Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, pp. 44, 208. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6886, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection taken at Vineyard, Utah (" VIII, 9-13, Tom Spalding "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Utah, Colorado, Montana, Mani- toba, New Mexico, California. Alar expanse.—16-23 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Montana. Food plant.—Unknown. 25. EUCOSMA PEKGANDEANA Fernald. (Fig. 240.) Eucosma pergandeana Fernald, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 399. — Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 352.—Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6917, 1917. Paedisca i)ergandeana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 506. This species with its western variety flavana Fernald comes be- tween morrisoni Walsingham and agricolana Walsingham and grades into both species in pattern. It is variable also in structure having veins 3-4 of hind wing frequently long stalked and oc- casionally even united. The genitalia also are somewhat variable. I would limit the name pergandiana to the eastern form. Male genitalia figured from a typical specimen in National Collec- tion taken at East Eiver, Connecticut (" July—C. R. Ely"), Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: North Carolina, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Massachusetts. Alar expamse.—13.5-18 mm. Type.—In collection Fernald. Type locality.—Virginia. (Male type labeled " Pergande, Wash- ington"). Food plant.—^Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 91 26. EUCOSMA PERGANDEANA FLAVANA Fernald. (Fig. 236.) Eucosma pergandeana flavana Feenald, Can. Ent, vol. 37, 1905, p. 399. — Baenes and McDonnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6917, 1917. The name flavana is merely a varietal designation for the western specimens of pergandeana Fernald and probably should be rele- gated to the synonomy as it does not seem to apply to any definite race. I am holding it for the present as the specimens to which it has been applied run into agrlcolana Walsingham. The two species (if there are two) are mixed in all the collection. The geni- talia does not help us for the same variations occur in both the Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast specimens and do not correspond with the patterns which are also equally variable. I have figured the genitalia of what I take to be a typical speci- men from Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Type.—In collection Fernald. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 27. EUCOSMA AGRICOLANA (Walsingham). (Figs. 228, 288.) Paedisca agricolana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 42 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 189. Eucosma agricolana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5092, 1903. Baenes and McDonnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6922, 1917. A variable and difficult species. Some of the Colorado specimens show so little of the white ground color emphasized by Walsingham in his description that they could be referred to more properly as pale dull ochreous. In the American Museum of Natural History there is a typical specimen from Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, cor- responding closely to Utah specimens in the National Collection and agreeing perfectly in genitalia with one of the Colorado forms fig- ured here (fig. 228). I have seen no specimens from either of the type localities (California or Oregon). In the Kearfott collection there are three specimens named by Walsingham. One of these is labeled " cotype " but none bear locality labels. Male genitalia figured from two Colorado forms in the National Collection. Distribution according to specimen in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes: Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, British Columbia (Kaslo). Alar expanse.—13-23 mm. Type.—In British Museum. 92 BULLETIIT 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Type localities.—" California, Oregon." Food plant.—Unknown. 28. EUCOSMA COSTASTRIGULANA Kearfott, (Pig. 163.) Eucosma costastrigulana Keakfott, Journ. N. Y, Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1907, p. 171. — ^Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6910, 1917. A variable species in genitalia, not to be distinguished from comatulana Zeller except by the darker dusting on the fore wing of the latter. I think the two are one species. From the same lo- calities in Colorado we get both forms and nearly all the possible genitalia variations. I am retaining Kearfott's name however un- til something is known of their life history, Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from San Diego, California. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and Collection Barnes : California, Colorado, Utah. Alar expanse.—13-18 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—San Diego, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. 29. EUCOSMA COMATULANA (Zeller). (Fig. 164.) Paedisca comatulana Zeller, Verli. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 316. Eucosma comatulana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no, 5098, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor, Amer,, no. 6926, 1917. This species has been badly mixed in the collections. Should costastrigulana Kearfott prove to be a distinct species, comatulana must be limited to the form in which the fore wing shows appre- ciable shading of dull fuscous, and has the incurvation of the neck of the harpe wide as in figure 164. In that event it will be neces- sary to erect at least two more species for the forms diverging on genitalia from typical comatulana and costastrigulana but inter- grading with them on pattern and color. The females of both species have an appreciable admixture of black scales in the anal tuft, somewhat more pronounced in the darker specimens of comat- ulana. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Clear Creek, Colorado. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 93 Mexico, California (San Diego), Utah, South Dakota, Iowa. In the National Collection there are also specimens from Venadia, Sinaloa, Mexico. Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Type.—In British Museum? Type locality.—Texas, Food plant.—Unknown. 30. EUCOSMA ALBIGUTTANA (Zeller). (Fig. 169.) Paedisca alMguttana Zelleb, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 313. — Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 138. Eucosma alMguttana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5090, 1903. Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353; Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 170. — Barnes and McDonnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6919, 1917. As determined by Fernald and as it stands in our collections the smallest of our silver-dotted, yellow-winged species. The genitalia shows it to be very distinct from its nearest allies. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Hampton, New Hampshire. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: New Ham-pshire, Connecticut, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, Kentucky, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—7-12 mm. Type.—In Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 31. EUCOSMA GRACILIANA Kearfott. (Fig. 167.) Eucosma graciliana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1905, p. 352; Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 170. — Baknes and McDonnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer. no. 6913, 1917. A distinct species limited apparently to the southeastern United States. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and Collection Barnes : Tryon, North Carolina ; Southern Pines, North Carolina. Alar expanse.—16.5-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Tryon, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. 7806—23 7 94 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 32. EUCOSMA GALENAPUNCTANA Kearfott. (Fig. 166.) Eucosma galenapunctana Keakfott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 169. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6909, 1917. A rocky Mountain species very close to graciliana Kearfott, but distinguished by male genitalia and the absence of any white scaling about the silver spots on fore wing. The ocellar markings are some- what variable, in some specimens being almost obsolete. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Clear Creek, Colorado. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from various Colorado localities. Alar expaoise.—lY-25.5 mm. Type.—lw American Museum. Type locality.—Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 33. EUCOSMA MONOGRAMMANA (ZeUer). Paedisca monograinmana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wieu., vol. 2.5, 1875, p. 313. Eucosma monogrammana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5086, 1903.—Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353.—Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6908, 1917. This species is not represented by authentic specimens in the National Museum, the American Museum, or the Barnes collections. There are four specimens in the Fernalcl collection at Amherst, Massa- chusetts, from Dallas Texas, but none of these bears Zeller's green label. The species strongly resembles atoTnosana Walsingham, which I am inclined to believe will prove to be only a western race of Zeller's species. Alar expanse.—20 mm. Type.—In British Museum ? Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 34. EUCOSMA ATOMOSANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 165.) Paedisca atomosana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter., vol. 4, 1879, p. 42. Eucosmo, atomosana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5091, 1903.— Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353. — Barnes and McDun. NouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6921, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection taken at Claremont, California. NOETII AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 95 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: California, Arizona, New Mexico. Alar expanse.—20-23.5 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—San Francisco, California, Food plant.—Unknown. 35. EUCOSMA GLOMERANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 146.) Paedisca glomcratia Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter., vol. 4, 1879, p. 49. Eucosma glomarana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5103, 1903. Eucosma glomcrana Keaefott. Can. Ent., vol. 87, 1905, p. 209. — Baenes and McDuNxouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6936, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kansas. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Kansas, Iowa, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—20-26 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 36. EUCOSMA SANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 144.) Eucosma sandana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 22. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6904, 1917. Eucosma griplwdes Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 4S, 1913, p. 34. Very close to glome^^ana Walsingham, if not merely a variety of that species. From the specimens determined as the latter, Kearfott's species differs chiefly in its proportionally larger male genitalia. The structure of these organs in the two species is otherwise the same. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes: Kansas, South Dakota, Colo- rado. Alar expanse.—19-24 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Chimney Gulch, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 37. EUCOSMA CIRCULANA Hubner. (Figs. 21, 148.) Eucosma circiilana HtJBNER, Zutr. Exot. Schmett., vol. 2, 1823, figs. 363, 364. Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5079, 1903. — Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 352 (not Kearfott. Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 44). — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepiu. Bor. Amer., no. 6901. 1917. 96 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIOISrAL MUSEUM. IPaedisca circulana Walsingham, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond., ISSJ:, p. 136. The specimens under this name in the collections have been very badly mixed and the conception of the species itself somewhat con- fused in spite of Hiibner's very accurate figure. His name applies obviously to a form which has the ground color above the ocellus in the fore wing yellow and unmarked by white or fuscous scales. Eucosma scintillana Clemens which has been listed as a variety or synonym of circidaria is an entirely different species as the genitalia show. Hiibner described circulana as from Pennsylvania, but I have seen specimens only from Florida and Louisiana. It is not common and the usual references to it in literature apply to scintillana Clemens. In Florida itself there appear to be two species or at least two distinct races on the east and v>^est coast, hardly to be distinguished in color or pattern but with so much difference in the genitalia that I do not feel justified in including them under the same name. The name gemellana is proposed for the west coast specimens. Male genitalia of E. circulana figured from typical specimen in National Collection taken at Hastings, Florida. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes : Florida, Louisiana. Alar expanse.—16 mm. Type.—Location unknown. Type locality.—" Pennsylvania." Food plant.—^Unknown. 38. EUCOSMA CIRCULANA GEMELLANA. new variety. (Fig. 150.) Like circulana Hiibner from which it differs only in male genitalia and in the pale putty colored shading on costa of fore wing from base to beyond middle. In circulana this part of the costa is more or less dusted with fuscous scales. The neck of the harpe of the male genitalia is narrower while the harpe itself is larger than in circulana. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—19-24 mm. Type.—Q2ii. No. 24805 U.S.N.M. Paratype.—In collection Barnes. Type locality.—St. Petersburg, Florida. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male paratypes. The type and one paratype are from St. Petersburg, Florida (the latter from Doctor Barnes' collection collected by E. Ludwig (" 4-11-14 "). The other specimen is a large male without abdomen from the Walsing- ham collection, labeled " Florida, Morrison, 1884 " and with the name " Paedisca circulana " in Walsingham's handwriting. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 97 39. EUCOSMA SCINTILLANA (Clemens), (Fig. 248.)- Cullimosmia scintillana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 5, 1865, p. 142. Paedisca dodecana Zeller, Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 311. Paedisca circtilana Fernald (not Hiibner), Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 10, 1882, p. 36. Eucosma circulana Feknald (not Hiibner), in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no 5079, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6901, 1917. Eucosma dodeoana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6902, 1917. This is the species most commonly confused with oirculana Hiib- ner, For many years it has been listed either as a synonym or variety of the latter. Clemens description (with which his type agrees) plainly shows that it is not that species but the one later described by Zeller as dodecana. It is rather common and distributed throughout tlie eastern and central United States and Canada to the Rocky Mountains, Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Col- lection taken in Iowa, Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Manitoba, Texas (Dallas, Piano), Oklahoma, Ohio, Kansas, South Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Virginia. Alar expanse.—11-22 mm. Types.—In Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia {scintil- lana) \ in Museum Comparative Zoology {dodecana). Type localities.—Unknown {scintillaina) ; Dallas, Texas {dode- cana?). Food plant.—Unknown. 40. EUCOSMA SCINTILLANA RANDANA Kearfott, (Fig. 253.) Eucosma randana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 21. — Baenes and McDunnough Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6903, 1917. Eucosma paraglypta Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This is the western race of scintillana Clemens, occuring in the Rocky Mountain and arid regions to the Sierras. The typical form seems distinct enough to warrant its original position as a separate species but in the smaller specimens, pattern, and structure grade, into the lighter colored specimens of the true scintillana. Normally the latter species is much more heavily dusted with fuscous on wings and thorax and the genitalia are smaller ; but with this as with many another member of the genus (probably all the borers at least) spe- cific characters even of genitalia which are normally so rigidly fixed are here fluid and subject to variation. 98 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Denver, Colorado. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Colorado. New Mexico, Arizona, California (Havilali). Al€ur expanse.—11-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Denver. Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 41. EUCOSMA FRATRUELIS, new species. (Fig. 232.) Superficial!}^ like scintiUana Clemens except that the wings are much broader in proportion to their length, a little more than half as long as broad ; their ground color is an Indian red with the ocellus and its surrounding grayish and fuscous dusting occupying a large portion of the outer half of the wing, the grayish and fuscous in this part extending to costa ; a straight rather narrow dull silver fascia at middle of wing; a spot of similar metallic scales on costa just be- yond middle ; a similar curved band of the same silver scaling on the reddish ground color from costa near apex to middle of termen ; base of wing, thorax, and head mixed gray and fuscous; costal fold of male extending over one-third the wing length; hind wings dark brown; cilia paler. Male genitalia differs from all the forms of seintillana. in the much narrower emargination between cucuUus and sacculus of harpe. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24806 U.S.N.M.. also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Southern Pines. North Caiolina. Food plan t.—Unknown. Described from male type and 10 male and 3 female paratypes from Doctor Barnes's collection. Collected at Southern Pines, North Carolina (July 8 to Sept. 15). 42. EUCOSMA FRAUDABILIS, new species. (Fig. IGl.) Like fi-atruelis Heinrich in size and general appearance, but much paler. Ground color of fore wing buckskin yellow, with straight narrow antimedian and a similar median fascia ; fuscous dusting in fore wing limited to area about ocellus and bordering median fascia. Head and thorax concolorous with fore wing. Hind wing pale ochreous fuscous. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 99 Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—13-16 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24807 U.S.N.M. Also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Southern Pines, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 13 male and 4 female j^aratypes, nil from Doctor Barnes's collection, collected at Southern Pines (June 1 to July 23). There is also in the National Museum a small (11 mm.) rubbed male of this species collected by Doctor Dyar at Skyland, Virginia, July 15, 1911. 43. EUCOSMA PALLIDIPALPANA Kearfott. (Fig. 227.) Eiicosma paUidlpnliKDia Keakfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353. — Barnes and IMcDunnough, Check List Lepicl. Bor. Amer., no. 6920, 1917. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion collected at Washington, District of Columbia, July, 1901 (Busck). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Virginia. District of Columbia, North Carolina, Connecticut, Iowa. Alar expanse.—9-13.5 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Washington, District of Columbia. Food plant.—Unknown. 44. EUCOSMA PERDRICANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 205.) Paedisca perdricana Walsingham, lllxis. Lepid. Heter. Bi-it. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 49. Eucosma perdricana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5102, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6934, 1917. Eucosma kandana Kearfott. Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 20. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6911, 1917. Eucosma argillacea Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Kearfott 's type and cotypes of kandana answer in every detail Walsingham's description of perdricaTUX; and I have no hesitation in listing it as a synonym. Aside from the specimens determined as kandana., there are no specimens that could be applied to Walsing- ham's name in the National Collection or either of the two other collections. The specimen in the American Museum determined by Kearfott as perdricana Walsingham is much too large for that species. 100 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Male genitalia figured from cotype of handana Kearfott in Na- tional Collection. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Utah, Colorado. Alar expanse.—18-20 mm. Types.—In British Museum (perdriccma) ; in American Museum (kandana). Type localities.—Burney Falls, Shasta County, California {per- dmcana) ; Stockton, Utah {kandana). Food plant.—Unknown. 45. EUCOSMA LURIDANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 204.) Paedisca luridana AValsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mns., vol. 4, 1879, p. 44. Eucosma luridana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5088, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6916, 1917. Walsingham's cotype from North Carolina is in the National Col- lection. It is a unicolorous, pale, faun colored specimen without the markings shown in his figure.^^ Under this name we have also had a series of some twenty-two males collected at Pullman, Washington, during July and August by C. V. Piper. These Kearfott has de- termined as Walsingham's species. Some specimens show a dis- tinct, though pale, fawn-colored basal spot and a similar small spot on dorsum before tornus. In others the entire wing is suffused with very pale fawn color showing no traces of the above-mentioned spots. The genitalia of the various specimens show considerable variation but none quite agree with the cotype of luridana. It is possible that luridana is an unusually variable species and may in- clude all these extremes. I am inclined to think however that our specimens represent two species. Rearing alone will decide. For the present I am able to determine as luridana only four specimens from Eureka, Utah (Tom Spalding), from Doctor Barnes's material. Two of these are in the National Collection and two in his collection. These agree with Walsingham's cotype in structure and color except that the fore wings are a trifle more pinkish, possibly due to the age of the Walsingham specimen. Male genitalia figured from cotype. Alar expense.—18-19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—" North California." Food plant.—Unknown. " Fig. 3, PI. 70, lUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 101 46, EUCOSMA CONSOCIANA, new species. (Fig. 187.) Like luridana Walsingham, but somewhat duller and with dark fuscous hind wings, the color of the fore wings ranging from dull grayish ochreous to pale ochreous fuscous. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—lT.5-22 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24808 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum. Type locality.—Eureka, Utah. Food plant.—Unlniown. Described from male type and 4 male paratypes from Doctor Barnes's collection, labeled " Eureka, Utah, Tom Spalding," " VII- 23-11," " VII-29-11," " VIII-13-11." In genitalia and color this species resembles subflavaTia Walsing- ham and kandana Kearfott, differing from both, however, in its much smaller size and in the size of its genitalia, which are hardly half the size of those of the other tAvo species. 47. EUCOSMA IRRORATANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 189.) Paedisca irroratana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Miis., vol. 4, 1879, p. 48. Eucosma irroratana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. .5105, 1903. — Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353. — Baknes and Mc- DuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6938, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection, from the type locality. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and Collec- tion Barnes from California. Alar expanse.—28 mm. Type.—British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 48. EUCOSMA SUBFLAVANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 186.) Paedisca maculatana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 48. Eucosma suhflavano, Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5108, 1903. Barnes and McDunnoxjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6906, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection col- lected at Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). 102 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and Collection Barnes: Washington, Wyoming (Yel- lowstone Park), Oregon, California. Alar expanse.—27-32.5 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Kouge Eiver, Oregon. Food, plant.—Unknown. 49. EUCOSMA HANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 188.) Eucosma handana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 20. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 5905, 1917. Eucosma caramiti^ Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. A large unicolorous species close to suhflavana Walsingham but distinguished by male genitalia and the absence of any sublustrous scales on the fore wing. In rubbed specimens it is very difficult to tell the two species apart without examining the genitalia. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and Col- lection Barnes from Stockton, Utah. Alar expanse.—25-30 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. 50. EUCOSMA IMMACULANA Kearfott. (Fig. 179.) Eucosma immncidana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 35. Barnes and McDunnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6900, 1917. A large unicolorous species easily distinguished by the pinkish ochreous color of the fore wings. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Represented by cotypes only in National Collection, American Museum and Collection Barnes, all from Pullman, Washington. Alar expanse.—25-28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Pullman, Washington. Food plant.—Unknown. 51. EUCOSMA MACULATANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 190.) Paedisca maculatana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 48. Eucosma maculatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no 5111, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7033, 1917. NORTH AMEEICAN EUCOSMHsTAE. 103 A very distinct and strikingly marked species. Specimens in Col- lection Barnes and National Collection from Shasta Retreat (Siski- you County) California are grayish fuscous, considerably paler than the type but agreeing in all details of pattern and genitalia. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and Collection Barnes : Lake, Mendocino, Placer and Siskiyou Counties, California; Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Alar expanse.—16-23 mm. Type.—In British Museum. 2'ype locality.—Lake County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 52. EUCOSMA SONOMANA Kearfott. (Fig. 141.) Eitcusina sonomana Keakfoot, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 27. — Baekes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7002, 1917. The most beautiful species in the genus and like the following live species closely resembling the bud, cone, and shoot moths for- merly listed under the old genus Retinia {Evett-ia Authors) and superficially distinguishable from them only by the presence of a costal fold in the fore wing of the male. They are all feeders in coniferous trees. In the National Collection we have five specimens reared from Pinus ponderosa and Picea engehnanni, March 5, 1915, and April 4 and 5, 1916, at Missoula, Montana, by Joseph Brunner (reared in connection with the forest insect investigations of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology under Hopk. U. S..nos. 12350, 12369, and 12370). Male genitalia figured from one of the above reared specimens. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes : Montana, California. Alar expanse.—18-21 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Sonoma County, California. Food plants.—Pinus ponderosa., Picea engelmanni (larvae boring in the pith of terminal branches). 53. EUCOSMA BOBANA Kearfott. (Fig. 140.) Eucosma hoMna KEARroxT, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 26. Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7000, 1917. Eucosma antichroma Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. This is a species of economic importance as the larva bores into the cones and feeds on the seeds of the western yellow pines. Sev- eral moths have been reared in connection with the forest insect 104 buij:,etin 123, united states national museum. investigations of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology from cones of Pinus 'ponderosa and P. jeffreyi collected at Silver Lake, Oregon ^Hopk. U. S. no. 13251 ^ P. D. Sargent, Coll.), Pine Valley, Cali- fornia (Hopk. U. S. no. 13276% F. P. Keen, Coll.). According to J. M. Miller, of the Bureau of Entomology, who has investigated the life history, the species has only one generation a year, the larvae feeding during June, July, and August, pupating in October, and overwintering in cocoon as pupa within the cones, moths issuing the following May and June. Male genitalia figured from reared specimens in National Collec- tion. (Silver Lake, Oregon. Hopk. U. S. no. 13251 \) Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes : Colorado, Oregon, California, Utah, Arizona, Texas. Alar expanse.—17-28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Salida, Colorado. Food plants.—PiniiS ponderosa^ Pinus jeffreyi. 54. EUCOSMA COCANA Kearfott. (Fig. 139.) Eucosma cocana Kearfott, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 26, — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7001, 1917. Eucosma rhodophaea Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Known only from the types. In general appearance closest to hohan^a Kearfott and rescissoriana Heinrich, but in genitalia more like monitorana Heinrich. Apparently a distinct species and ob- viously of this immediate group. Will be found to be a coniferous feeder when bred. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.— 19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. 'Type locality.—Tryon, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. 55. EUCOSMA KESCISSORIANA Heinrich. (Fig. 138.) Eucosma rescissoriana Heineich. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, 1920, p. 58. Known only from the type. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—23 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Sprague River, Oregon. Food plant.—Pinus murrayana (larvae feeding in cones on scales and seeds). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 105 56. EUCOSMA MONITORANA Heinrich. (Fig. 137.) Eucosma nionitorana Heinkich, Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, 1920, p. 58. Male genitalia figured from type. Specimens in National Collection from Pennsylvania and Vir- ginia. Paratype deposited in collection Barnes. Alar expanse.—13-16 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Danville, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Pinus (larvae boring in cones). 57. EUCOSMA TOCULLIONANA Heinrich. (Fig. 136.) Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, 1920, p. 59. Male genitalia figured from type. Specimens in National Collection from Connecticut and Pennsyl- vania. Alar expanse.—13-15 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Lyme, Connecticut. Food plant.—Picea (larvae boring in the cones). 58. EUCOSMA LOLANA Kearfott. (Fig. 175.) Eucosma lolana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 29. — Barnes and McDuNNOTJGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6959, 1917. Eucosma leucomalla IMeyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection col- lected at Eureka, Utah; agreeing in all details with genitalia of type. Cotype not in National Collection as stated by Kearfott. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Utah. Alar expanse.—32 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 59. EUCOSMA MOMANA Kearfott. (Fig. 203.) Eucosma momana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 30. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7012, 1917. Eucosma metaschista Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia of type figured. 106 BUIXETTN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Yuma County, Redington, Prescott, Arizona. Alar expanse.—32 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Yuma County, Arizona. Food plant.—Unknown. 60. EUCOSMA GROTIANA Kearfott. (Fig. 154.) Eucosma grotiana Kearfott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 170. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., No. 6958, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (" Colo- rado #2620"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum and collection Barnes: Illinois, Iowa, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas. Alar expanse.—15-22 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Iowa. Food plant.—Unknown. 61. EUCOSMA DODANA Kearfott. (Fig. 177.) Eucosma dodana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, voL 33, 1907, p. 27. — Barnes and McDuNNOtJGH Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7003, 1917. Eucosma spilophora Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection col- lected at Mount Pirau, Alberta. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum and collection Barnes : Colorado, Alberta. Alar expanse.—16.5-24 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Southwest Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 62. EUCOSMA FOFANA Kearfott. (Fig. 178.) Eucosma fofana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, a^oI. 33, 1907, p. 28. Barnes and McDunnough Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7004. 1917. Eucosma annulata Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Known only from the type. Very close to dodana Kearfott, if not merely an aberration of that speoies. The two forms are hardly separable. Male genitalia figured from type. NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 107 Alai' expanse.—21 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Berthoud Pass, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 63. EUCOSMA INVICTA (Walsingham). (Fig. 102.) Paedisca inricta "Walsi.xgham, Trans. Eiit. Soc. Loncl., 1895, p. 509. Eticosma invicta Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5157, 1903. — Kear- roTT, Trans. Amer. Eut. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 33. — Baknes and McDun- NOUGH, Claeck List. Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7018, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection labeled " Colorado, Collection, Wm. Scliaus." Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Colorado. Alar expanse.—26-34 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Larima County, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 64. EUCOSMA SUBINVICTA Kearfott. Eucosina su'binvicta Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 33. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7019, 1917. I believe this is only a race of invicta, but have seen no males. The type and the two specimens in the National Museum (all from Williams, Arizona) are females. Ala?' expanse.—26-30 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—^Williams, Arizona. Food plant.—Unknown. 65. EUCOSMA SNYDERANA Kearfott. (Fig. 195.) Eucosma snyderana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 89. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7034, 1917. Known only from the type. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Blackfoot, Idaho. Food plant.—Unknown. 108 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 66, EUCOSMA EMACIATANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 193.) Paedisca emaciatana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p, 137. Eucosnm emaciatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5154, 1903. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7042, 1917. This species is one of a number in the genus that have very similar genitalia; but those with the same wing shape and similar pattern differ in genitalia structure. The termen of the fore wing in emacia- tana is straight and decidedly slanting. There are two specimens in the National Museum from the material submitted by Doctor Barnes and other specimens in his collection which I determine as this species. Kearfott's specimen in the American Museum is not the same and I do not believe can be Walsingham's species, althqugh Kearfott's specimen is from Arizona. In most cases, where there are any chances of mistake or where the species are at all obscure, his determinations of Walsingham's species are not to be relied on. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection col- lected at Eureka, Utah., by Tom Spalding (" vii-2T-ll "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection and Collection Barnes : Eureka and Vineyard, Utah. Alar expaQise.—22 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Arizona. Food plant.—Unknown. 67. EUCOSMA TOTANA Kearfott. (Fig. 198.) Eucosma totana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 32. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6928, 1917. Eucosma spodias Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Very close to emaciatana Walsingham and with similar genitalia and markings, but obviously a distinct species. It differs in the following : The palpi are much longer; the dustings and markings on fore wing are more distinct and ashy fuscous rather than faun brown; the apical costal dash is oppositely curved (in emaciatana it curves inward slightly from the apex and is distinctly faun brown) . There is also a distinct cloud of dark scales over ocellus and a dusting of dark scales along vein \c which are lacking in emaciatana. The termen of fore wing is slanting as in emaciatama but veins 3 and 4 are somewhat more bent and slightly more approximate at termen. Kearfott's cotypes represent at least two different species, none of the paratypes apparently agreeing with the type. I have been able to match the latter 'with three males from Eureka, Utah. There is NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 109 considerable variation in the genitalia of different specimens, but only in the comparative width of the cucuUus of the harpe. This is so marked in one specimen that I was inclined to name it as a ncAv species. The wing pattern, however, agrees in every detail with Kearfott's type. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—18-21 mm. I'ype—In American Museum. Type locality.—'' South Utah." Food plant.—Unknown. 68. EUCQSMA POPANA Kearfott. (Fig. 224.) Eueosma popana Kearfott, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 31. — Barnes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6929, 1917. Eueosma carcJiarias Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. A distinct species with good genitalia characters and though close to totana still distinguishable by the more sharply defined markings and heavier dusting of ashy fuscous scales, Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Stockton, Utah ("Tom Spalding, VI-14-4"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Colection Barnes : Stockton, Utah ; Vineyard, Utah, Alar expanse.—15-19 mm. Type—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah, Food plant.—Unknown. 69. EUCQSMA MATUTINA (Grote). (Fig. 199.) Pcnthina matutina Geote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 92. Eueosma matiitvrm Feknaio, in Dyar List. N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5137, 1903. — Kearfott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 171. — Barnes and McDuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6962, 1917. In the Kearfott collection in the American Museum there is a male without locality label and named by Fernald who probably had com- pared it with Grote's type. The male genitalia of the Kearfott speci- men is here figured. In the National collection we have a rubbed specimen from Shovel Mountain, Texas, determined by Kearfott, and two fresh, well- marked specimens from Kerrville, Texas, agreeing in every detail of pattern, color, and genitalia structure with the specimen deter- mined by Fernald. 7806—23 8 110 BULJ^ETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 70. EUCOSMA LARANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 197.) Paedisca larana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 43. Eucosma larana Fernaxd, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5087, 1903. — Baenes and McDunnough, Checls List Lepid. Bor. Anier., no. 6915, 1917, Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Specimens from Doctor Barnes' material in the National Collec- tion and Collection Barnes I have also identified as this species. They are a trifle larger and the male genitalia are also somewhat larger. They may prove to be a different but very close species. For the present I am inclined to regard them as only a variety or race; collected at Vineyard, Utah ("Aug., 1912") by Tom Spalding. This species is chiefly distinguished from em^aciatana and those that immediately follow it in this arrangement by the termen of the fore wing, which in larana is almost vertical rather than decidedly slanting, Kearfott's specimens in the American Museum were not correctly determined. Alar expanse—19-24 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 71. EUCOSMA EXCLUSORIANA, new species. (Fig. 160.) Sordid whitish overlaid with ochreous and ashy fuscous scales. Palpi white dusted with fuscous. Face clear white. Head yel- lowish. Fore wing with termen somewhat slanting, slightly con- cave; veins 3, 4 and 5 approximate at termen; in general appear- ance yellowish white, spotted and marked with ashy fuscous; the fuscous dustings forming a distinct spot in cell near base (indi- cating a basal patch in part), at end of cell a larger, more con- spicuous spot, another in apical area over ocellus and a small tri- angular spot or dorsum before tornus, the latter rather obscure; costa strigulated with white and fuscous; two black streaks in ocellus; cilia heavily dusted with blackish fuscous. Hind wing pale, smoky fuscous, somewhat darker along outer margin; cilia white with a fuscous basal line. Legs white, dusted on outer sides 5C0RTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. Ill Avitii fuscous; tibiae and tarsi strongly banded with fuscous. Anal tuft of female black. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14.5-16 mm. Type—C^t No. 24809., U.S.N.M. Paratypes in National Collection, American Museum and collec- tion Barnes. Type loccdity.—Cotulla, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and three male paratypes from Cotulla, Texas, in the National Collection, and from one male and four female paratypes from San Antonio, Texas, in Kearfott's unworked material at the American Museum. The latter were set aside by Kearfott as a new species under the manuscript name ''''atomosana Femald " and so mentioned in Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society (vol. 33, 1907, p. 23). In general appearance this and the following four species closely resemble each other. It is distinct, however, and easily recognized by its characteristic geni- talia. 72. EUCOSMA DAEMONICANA, new species. (Fig. 220.) Like exclU'Soriana in color and markings, but termen of fore wing decidedly slanting with veins 3, 4, and 5 not approximate at termen, and face and palpi are whitish ochreous rather than distinctly white. The entire insect has a pale yellowish ochreous color and the white ground color is completely obscured except for a few costal dashes. From occipitana Zeller it is distinguished by its more pronounced spots of fuscous scales and from all the species of this immediate group by the male genitalia. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—17 mm. Type.~C2it. No. 24810 U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Hell Canyon, New Mexico. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from a single male collected by the writer September 14, 1916, in Hell Canyon, Manzano National Forest, New Mexico. 73. EUCOSMA OCCIPITANA (Zeller). (Fig. 226.) Paedisca occipitana Zeller, Yerli. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 31?. Eucosma occipitana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5099, 1903, — Not Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6927, 1917. 112 BULLETIIsr 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. This species is less distinctly marked than any of the others in this immediate group although the pattern is much the same. In the hind wing veins 3-4 are long stalked and occasionally united, Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Mesilla, New Mexico (C. N. Ainslie). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes : Colorado, New Mexico (Mesilla) , Kearfott's record from Manitoba ^* is based on a misidentification. Kis specimens under this name being Thiodia griseocapitana Wal- singham. Alar expanse.—14-18 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 74. EUCOSMA REVERSANA Kearfott. (Fig. 223.) Eucosma reversana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol 33, 1907, p. 22. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6942, 1917. Very close to shastana Walsingham and tahoensis Heinrich but distinguished by characteristic genitalia and the distinct white spot in the cilia of the fore wing just below the apex. In this case also Kearfott's types are mixed. The paratype in the American Museum is my exclusoriana. Male genitalia of type figured. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Texas, Arizona (Mohave County.) Alar expanse.—17-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—San Antonio, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 75. EUCOSMA TAHOENSIS, new species. (Fig. 230.) Palpi, face and head ochreous-fuscous ; palpi and head darker than face. Thorax fuscous with scattered whitish scales. Fore wing with termen slanting, not appreciably concave and with veins 3, 4, and 5, at most, only slightly approximate at termen; whitish marked with fuscous; a fuscous angulate basal patch, obscure towards costa ; on dorsum before tornus another conspicuous fuscous patch extending into cell; over ocellus a cloud of fuscous scaling; along costa several narrow, short fuscous dashes interspaced with 11 Can. Ent, vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 113 white; the apical fuscous spot more conspicuous than the rest and broad as long; ocellar area and the space between outer dorsal and basal patches the only conspicuously whitish areas ; cilia ashy fuscous with little or no admixture of white, especially from above tornus to apex. Hind wings smoky fuscous, cilia concolorous. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—15-19.5 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24811, U.S.N.M. Also in collection Barnes. Type locality.—Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. Described from three males from Doctor Barnes' material, labeled "Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, July 1-7" and "July 8-15." Closest to shastana Walsingham from which it is chiefly distinguished by its much smaller size. The genitalia are only about half the size of those of Walsingham species. 76. EUCOSMA SHASTANA (Walsingham). (Pig. 221.) Paedisca shastana AValsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 46. Fjucosma shastana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5109, 1903.— • Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer.. no. 7045, 1917. The only specimens I have seen that answer to Walsingham's description are a series from Doctor Barnes' collection taken at Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, California. Eepresentatives of these are in his collection and in the National Collection. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection. Ala?' expanse.—27 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mount Shasta, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 77. EUCOSMA PALPANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 225.) Paedisca palpana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1S79, p. 54. Eucosma palpana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5112, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer. no. 6947, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Represented also by two specimens from California in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. Alar expanse.—14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Tyjje locality.—Mount Shasta, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 114 BULLETIJSr 123, UNITED STATES NATIOlSrAL. MUSEUM. 78. EUCOSMA GRANMFLAVANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 191.) Paedisca grandiflavana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 47. Eucosma grandiflavana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5107, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6907, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Deer Park Springs Lake, California, Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : California, Nevada. Alar expanse.—30-34 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Lake County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 79. EUCOSMA HYPONOMEUTANA (Walsingham). Paedisca hyponomeutana Walsingham, Trans, Bnt. See. Lend., 1895, p. 502. Eucosma hyponomeutana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5156, 1903. — Babnes and McDunnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7044. 1917. A striking species unlike anything else in the Olethreutidae. I have not been able to examine the genitalia but have little doubt of the generic position. The species appears to be rare. There is a single male (without abdomen) from Colorado in the American Museum and a female from Colorado (" Dyar and Caudell, Coll. no. 17883 ") in the National Collection. Ala?' expanse.—^26-30 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—^Unknown. 89. EUCOSMA GIGANTEANA (Riley). (Fig. 143.) Paedisca giganteana Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 318.— Walsingham, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 139. Eucosma giganteana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5101, 1903. Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 354.—Babnes and McDun- nough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7021, 1917. Riley's type material is in the National Collection and consists of three females rather than two as stated in his description. One of these from Wisconsin (Barlow) and not mentioned in his descrip- tion is labeled in his own handwriting " Paedisca giganteana Riley, Type." Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina (Fiske, Coll.) NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMIISTAE. 115 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum and collection Barnes : Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois, North Carolina, Florida. The National Collection has also received larvae from Mr. A. K. Wyatt, of Chicago, Illinois, who informs us that the species feeds in the roots of Siljihiuni perfoliatum. Alar expanse.—^25^0 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Missouri. Food plant.—SilphiuTn perfoliatum. 81. EUCOSMA BIPUNCTELLA (Walker). (Fig. 142.) Affa Upunctella Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 27, 1863, p. 202, Paedisea worthingtoniana Feenald, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 83. Paedisca hipunctellsL Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 47. Eucosma Upunctella Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5106, 1903. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7022, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from Chicago, Illinois, reared by A. K. Wyatt, " VIII-8-14," from larvae feeding in the roots of Silphiuin laciniata. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Kansas, Illinois. Alar expanse.—32-43 mm. Types.—In British Museum {hipunctella) ; in collection Fernald (tvorthingtoniana) . Type localities.—" " {hipunctella) ; north Illinois {worth- ingtoniana) . Food plant.—Silphium laciniata. 82. EUCOSMA BILINEANA Kearfott. (Fig. 145.) Eucosma MUneana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 54. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7039, 1917. This is a rather variable species, some of the specimens showing- little or nothing of the longitudinal black streaks so characteristic of normal specimens. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from west Manitoba (" Hanham, Julj^ ") . Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Manitoba, Utah, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Alar expanse.—24-32 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Illinois. Food plant.—Unknown, 116 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83. EUCOSMA DENVERANA Kearfott. (Fig. 183.) Eucosma denverana Kearfott, Can, Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 77. — Barnes and McDuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6935, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection, Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes all from Denver, Colorado. Alar expanse.—24-28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Denver, Colorado. Food plant.—^Unknown. 84. EUCOSMA PUSCOSPARSA (Walsinghaui) . (Fig. 218.) Paedisca fuscosparsa Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 507. Eucosma fuscosparsa Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5155, 1903.— Barnes and McDunnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7043, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Colorado. Specimens from Colorado in National Collection, American Mu- seum, and collection Barnes. Alar expanse.—20-28 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown, 85. EUCOSMA MEDIOSTRIATA (Walsingham). (Fig. 245.) Paedisca mediostriata Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1895, p. 508. Eucosma mediostriata Feunaid, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5158, 1917. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7046, 1917. A variable species in color and markings, ranging from a form in which the fore wings are a dull brown marked along the veins with white to a form with the fore wings a clear pale buckskin yellow practically without markings. The genitalia of these, however, show no significant variations, Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Colorado ("2576"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Nevada. Alar expanse.—17-26 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado, Food plant.—Unknown, .HvTORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. ' 117 86. EUCOSMA EXCERPTIONANA, new species. (Fig. 237.) Entire insect a nearly uniform, dark, dull, smoky gray, the fore wings lightened by a fine dusting of whitish scales. Antennae of male finely ciliate. Male costal fold short and appressed. Collar of prothorax, underside of head, and inner sides of palpi, white. Legs and under side of abdomen dusted with white. Cilia of fore and hind wings whitish, with dark basal bands. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12-15.5 mm. Type.—C^i. No. 24812 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Verdi, Nevada. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 12 male paratypes, all collected at Verdi, Nevada, by A. H. Vachell (" June 1-10 " and " June 20-30 "). A distinct and easily recognized species. It has been in the col- lections as suhlapidana Walsingham on Kearfott's determination. It resembles but can not be that species. A male paratype of the true suhlapidana is in the National Collection. It has no costal fold and is a true Thiodia. The genitalia are also quite different in the two species. 87. EUCOSMA BACTRANA, new species. (Fig. 239.) Antennae finely ciliate, ashy black above. Palpus very long, ex- tending over twice the length of the head beyond it ; third joint hid- den ; white on inner, dark fuscous on the outer sides. Head and face and thorax whitish, with some dusting of yellowish fuscous scales on thorax. Fore wing tapering from base to broadest part just before termen; termen moderately slanting, very slightly concave; veins 3, 4, and 5 not appreciably approximate at termen; grayish white, dusted with ashy-grayish-ochreous and fuscous scales, giving the entire wing an ochreous-gray or pale fuscous-gray appearance ; mark- ings faint ; no distinct basal patch, but in unrubbed specimens a faint fuscous clouding at base of cell; from middle of costa, touching upper outer angle of cell and extending to apex an arc of similar but very faint dark shading ; at apex a large pale but distinctly ochreous- fuscous spot; basal third of costa dark fuscous; underside of wing dull smoky fuscous; cilia gray white dusted with fuscous. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous; cilia paler with a dark basal line. Ab- domen blackish-gray above. Legs fuscous ; paler on inner sides, but not appreciably banded. Male genitalia of type figured. 118 BULLETINS" 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—26-30 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24813, U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Silverton, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and three male paratypes from Doctor Barnes' collection labeled " Silverton, Colorado," " July 16-23 " (type and paratype), "July 24r-31" (one paratype), and "Aug. 1-7" (one paratype) ; and from one male paratype from the American Museum collection labeled " Durango, Colorado." An easily recognized species, in superficial appearance somewhat resembling a Bactra. 88. EUCOSMA BIPLAGATA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 174.) Paedisca Uplagata Walsingham, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 507. Eucosma Uplagata Feknauj, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5148, 1903. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7023, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Pullman, Washington (" 23-July-98, C. V. Piper ") . Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Washington, Colorado. Alar expanse.—2'ilr-26 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 89. EUCOSMA PRIMULANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 171.) Paedisca primulana Walsingham, Illns. Lepid. Heter. Brit Mus., vol. 4, 1879. p. 45. Eucosma primulana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5095, 1903. Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7024, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from Sonoma County, California ("A. H. Vachell, May 10-25"). Specimens in National Collection, American Museum and Collec- tion Barnes from Sonoma County, California. Alar expamse.—15-20 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 119 90. EUCOSMA GOMONANA Kearfott. (Fig. 149.) Eucosma gomonana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 78. — Barnes ami McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6998, 1917. Eucosnic discipula Meyrick, Ent. Mo, Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. A small species different from anything else in the genus. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Plummer Island, Maryland ("Apr., 1909, August Busck"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and Collection Barnes : New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia. Alar expanse.—8-11 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Essex County Park, New Jersey. Food plant.—Unknown. 91. EUCOSMA DILATANA (Walsingham) . Paedisca dilatana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 510. Exicosma dilatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5158, 1903.— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7041, 1917. I have seen only two specimens of this species, a female in Doctor Barnes's collection labeled " Wilgus, Cochise County, Arizona," and a female in the Kearfott collection at the American Museum from the Baboquavaria Mountains, Arizona, It is very like nandana Kearfott but much paler. Alar expanse.—26 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Arizona, Food plant.—Unknown. 92. EUCOSMA NANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 211.) Eucosma nandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 17.-- Baknes and McDun'nough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6944, 1917. Eucosma chersaea Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Close to dilatana Walsingham. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Chicago, Illinois (" IX, 8-16, A. K. Wiatt ") . Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Manitoba, Illinois, Iowa, North Carolina. Alar expanse.—25-30 mm. Type.—In American Museum, Type locality.—Eounthwaite, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknown. 120 BULI>ETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. 93. EUCOSMA LANDANA Kearfott. Eucosma landana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 18. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7007, 1917. Eucosma isospora Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This species is represented in the collections only by females, so the generic reference can not be made with absolute certainty. I have little doubt, however, that it belongs in Eucosma. It is unique and not easily confused with any other species. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Iowa, Alar expanse.—23-27 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Rounthwaite, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknown. 94. EUCOSMA DORSISIGNATANA (Clemens). (Fig. 180.) PoecilocJiroma ? dorsisignatana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 353. Carpocapsa distigmana Walker, Cat. Lepid, Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 394. Paedisca clavana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 303. Paedisca dorsisignatana Fernald, Syn. Cat. Tort. N. Amer. (Trans. Amer. But, Soc, vol. 10, 1882), no. 290, 1882.—Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. Eucosma dorsisignatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5144, 1903.—Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 355; Can. Ent, vol. 37, 1905, p. 208; Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 169.—Barnes , and McDunnough, Check List. Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7029, 1917. If similana Clemens {confluatia Kearfott), dificsana Kearfott, and engelana Kearfott can be retained as good species or even varie- ties, which I doubt, the synonymy will be restricted as above. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Col- lection. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Manitoba, British Columbia, Kansas, Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia, North Carolina, Quebec, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Colorado. Alar expanse.—17-22 mm. Types.—Lost ? {dorsisignatana) ; British Museum {distigmana) : British Museum ? {clavana). Type localities.—Pennsylvania ? {dorsisignatana) ; "North Amer- ica" {distigmana); Ohio {clavana). Food plant.—Solidago (larva a root borer according to Kellicott). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 121 95. EUCOSMA DORSISIGNATANA DIFFUSANA Kearfott. (Fig. 173.) Eucosma dorsislgnatana diffusana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 355. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7029, 1917. I think this is nothing but a color variety of dorsislgnatana and will eventually fall as a synonym. Extensive rearings are necessary to determine the specific limits of dorsislgnatana. E. diffusana may prove to be a food plant variety. It is obviously not a geographical race. There are slight, but no really significant, genitalia differences between it and typical specimens of dorsislgnatana. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection, from Tryon, North Carolina (Fiske, Collector). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: North Carolina, District of Columbia, New York, Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Louisiana. Alar expanse.—15-23 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Vernon Parish, Louisiana. Food plant.—Unknown (presumably Solldago). 96. EUCOSMA DORSISIGNATANA SIMILANA (Clemens). (Fig. 172.) Poecilochroma ? similana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 353. Paedisca dorsislgnatana Feknald, Syn. Cat. Tort. N, Amer., no. 290, 1882. Eucosma dorsisignatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5144, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7029, 1917. Eucosma dorsisignatana confluana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 355; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7029, 1917. Kearfott named his variety confiiuMW, on the assmnption, generally accepted, that similana Hlibner and similana Clemens were con- generic and that the latter name was therefore preoccupied. Hiib- ner's species, however, is an Eplnotla., and as both his and Clemens's species were originally described in different genera, Clemens's name Avill take precedence over Kearfott's. I think that eventually simi- lana^ like the other supposed varieties of dorsislgnatana^ will prove to be nothing but a mere color variety of dorsislgnatana and will fall back into the synonymy. Until this is definitely established it seems wise to have a name calling attention to the differences. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Washington, District of Columbia (August Busck, August, 1900). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, District of Columbia, Manitoba. 122 BULLETIliT 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—18-21 mm. Types.—Lost ? (similana) ; in American Museum (confluana) . Type localities.—Pennsylvania ? {similana) ; Montclair, New Jersey {confluana). Food plant.—Unknown. 97. EUCOSMA DORSISIGNATANA ENGELANA Kearfott. (Fig. 170.) Eucosma engelana Keakfott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 169. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6978, 1917. I have seen only the type in New York. The latter is so rubbed that no markings are left. It appears to be only a pale, runted speci- men of similana Clemens. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—I^IT mm. Type.—^In American. Museum. Type locality.—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 98. EUCOSMA GRADUATANA (Walsingham). Paedisca graduatana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 54. Paedisca dorsisignatana Feknald, Syn. Cat. Tort. N. Amer., no. 290, 1882. Eucosma dorsisignatana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5144, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7029, 1917. Eucosma graduatana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. Kearfott is very likely correct in removing this species from the synonymy. His two specimens in the American Museum of Natural History (a male without abdomen and a female) agree with Wal- singham's figure and are easily separable from dorsisignatana and its varieties by the rust-red color of the hind wings. I have seen no other representatives of this species. Kearfott's specimens are from Aweme, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—17 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 99. EUCOSMA JUNCTICILIANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 1.55.) Rhyacionia juncticiliana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 75. Eucosma juncticiliana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5121, 1903.— Kearfott, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 354 ; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 209. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6967, 1917. ISTOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 123 I have seen no specimens of this species from the Shasta region or any other California locality. In the Kearfott collection there is a male labeled " Named by Walsingham," but it bears no locality label. It diifers in a number of slight details of genitalia structure from what we have been calling juncticilianu, and if the specimen is from the type locality, the Rocky Mountain and eastern form should be differentiated as a local race. For the present we may assume that the common form represented in our collections is the true juncticillana. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina (" Fiske, 8-13-14"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Massachusetts, Maryland, Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, North Carolina, Florida, Colorado, Wash- ington, Manitoba, Ontario. Alar expanse.—14-20 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Shasta County, California. Food plant.—Solidago. 100. EUCOSMA EXCUSABILIS, new species. (Fig. 158.) . Very like juncticilmna Walsingham, from which it only differs in genitalia structure and the color of its palpi and head. The differ- ences in the shape of the harpes are easily seen in the figures. Walsingham's species has the cucuUus much narrower and the costal angle of the cucullus much sharper than excusabilis. The latter also has a more rounded, more constricted incurvation of the neck of the harpe and a finer tufting of spines in the arch of the neck of harpe than juncticiliana. Both species have the same pattern and, except for the difference noted, the same color scheme. If anything, excusabilis is a trifle the darker of the two, Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—20 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24814 U.S.N.M., also in American Museum. Type locality.—Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from three males from the Barnes collection, all from the type locality. At first I took them to be only a form of junctici- liana^ but the genitalia show that they represent a distinct species. 124 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101. EUCOSMA EUMAEA Meyrick. (Fig. 159.) Eucosma wandana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907 p. 24. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6950, 1917. Eucosma eumaea Meybick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. In this instance we are able to use one of Meyrick's substitutes for the Kearfott "nonsense names," as loandana is a homonym of van- dana Kearfott, the only difference in the two being a substitution of the letter w for v. In Latin or Latinized words these represent the same s3rmbol. Male genitalia jfigured from type which is the only authentic speci- men of the species I have seen. Alar expanse.—17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 102. EUCOSMA MANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 168.) Eucosma mandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 17. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6914, 1917. Eucosma amanda Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Plummers' Island, Maryland (August Busck, July, 1903). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : New Jersey, Maryland, District of Columbia, Texas. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—^Washington, District of Columbia. Food plant.—Unknown. 103.JEUCOSMA FULMINANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 176.) Paedisca fulminana Walsingham, Illiis. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 50. Eucosma fulminana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5104, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6937, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Iowa. Distribution according to specimens in National collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 125 Alar expanse.—22-26 mm. Type.—In British Museum, Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 104. EUCOSMA RUSTICANA Kearfott. (Fig. 162.) Eucosma rusticana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 358. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6945, 1917. An easily distinguished species. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina (" Fiske, 8-1-04 "). Distribution : North Carolina, Texas, Indiana, Illinois. Alar expanse.—21-2,4: mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Kerrville, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 105. EUCOSMA MOBILENSIS, new species. (Fig. 212.) Brown with every scale and hair tipped with white giving the entire insect a dusty gray-brown appearance. Fore wing without lines or patches of any kind; veins 3, 4, and 5 well separated at termen. Hind wing a semi-lustrous smoky fuscous; cilia somewhat paler. Underside of fore and hind wings lustrous, ashy-gray; a patch of coarser scaling, similar to that on upper surface, on that part of the fore wing which overlaps the hind wing. Eesembles both landami Kearfott and somhreana Kearfott, but easily dis- tinguished from both ; from sorribreana by the absence of any basal patch or other marking on fore wing and from landana by the more vertical termen, more finely powdered pale dusting on fore wing and more rounded extremity of female abdomen. In landana the termen of fore wing is decidedly slanting, the white markings on the fore wings are in small but distinct spots, and the extremity of the female abdomen tapers abruptly and sharply. In the female of 7nohilensis the extremity of the abdomen is somewhat swollen and rounded, the closely oppressed scaling of the anal tuft having the superficial appearance of the clothed male genitalia. From nandana Kearfott which it most closely resembles in genitalia it is at once distinguished by the male antennae; those organs being decidedly ciliate in nandana and smooth in moMlensis. Also the basal patch of fore wing, though faint, is always distinguished in nandana. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—20-25 mm. 7806—23 9 126 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. Type.—Csit No. 24815, U.S.N.M. Type tocality.—Eastern shore of Mobile Bay, Alabama. Food plant.—Chrysoma paucifiosculosa. Described from male type and female paratype reared October 3, 1920, by George P. Englehardt at Brooklyn, N. Y., " from root cuttings of Ghrysoma {Solidago) paucifiosculosa collected by Dr. Thomas van AUer, of Mobile, Alabama, during September (1920) near Daphne, Baldwin County, Alabama, along the eastern shore of Mobile May in sand along the beach. The larvae attacks the root- stock, boring in tortuous channels from the base of the plantstalk downwards. The galleries are packed tightly with powdery frass. At time of pupation it constructs a circular tube one or two inches long, out of minute plant chips and silk, either within the gallery or adjacent thereto along the rootstalk. When received during September the rootstocks contained two pupae and a number of larvae in various stages of growth." To Mr. Englehardt we are indebted for the above note. 106. EUCOSMA SOMBREANA Eearfott. (Fig. 151.) Eucosma somibreana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 357. — Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid Bor. Amer., no. 7036, 1917. Euoosma phlaeodes Meyrick, Exot. Microlepid. vol. 2, pt. 2, 1920, p. 344. This species is slightly variable in color, but at that Kearfott has mixed two species among his cotypes. Two females in the National Museum and one in the American Museum are quite different from his type. Mr. George P. Englehardt who has reared the species has furnished "the following note on its habits: "Adults, July-August. Larvae, September-November, borers, in Helianthus giganteus and H. tube- rosus^ beginning at basal part of plant stalk, downward into rootstock and later into the tubers. Frass and slimy exudence indicate places of attack. At maturity, late October or early November, the larvae leave foodplant, tunnel through the soil to within about one inch below surface and hibernate within a tough, oval cocoon, flattened at the upper end to seal a horizontal slit. Pupation does not take place until late June or early July. Pupal state about two weeksi." Male genitalia from typical specimen in National Collection from Oconee, Illinois ("Aug. 16"). Distribution: North Carolina, New York, Maryland, Pennsyl- A'^ania, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, New Jersey, Connecticut, Arkansas, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—19-27 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Tryon, North Carolina. Food plants.—Helianthus giganteus and H. tuberosus. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 127 107. EUCOSMA PANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 153.) Eucosma pandana Kearfott, Tl-ans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 17. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6943, 1917, Eucosma sardiopa Metkick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Among his cotypes Kearfott has two distinct species. Only the Texan specimens are the true pandana. The cotypes from Wilgus, Arizona (a female in the American Museum and a male in the Na- tional Collection) are only a grey variety of corosana Walsingham. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Kerrville, Texas. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum and collec- tion Barnes from Texas. Alar expanse.—23-28 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality—Kerrville, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 108. EUCOSMA FISKEANA Kearfott. (Fig. 152.) Eucosma fisJceana Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 358. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7035, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: North Carolina, Virginia, Illi- nois. Alar expanse.—20-29 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Tryon, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. 109. EUCOSMA COROSANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 219.) Paedisca corosana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 139. Eucosma corosana Feenald, in Dyar List N, Amer. Lepid., no. 5152, 1903. Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 209. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7040, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Colorado ("Dyar and Caudell, 17882"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Arizona, Colorado, Utah. The 128 BUTiT.ETIlT 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. National Collection also contains specimens from Venadio, Sinaloa, Mexico. Alar ex-panse.—18-21 mm. Tyfe.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Montana. Food plant.—Unknown. 110. EUCOSMA PULVERATANA (Walsinsrham) . (Fig. 238.) Paedisca pulveratuna Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 45 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. Eucosma pulveratana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5122, 1903. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6968, 1917. Appears to be a somewhat variable species. Cotype in National Collection. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen from San Diego, California ("7-31-07, W. S. Wright"). Distributed according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Claremont, San Diego, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Loma Linda, California. In the Na- tional Museum we also have a few specimens from Mexico City, Mexico, recently received from Seiior Roberto Miiller. This species until now has not been recorded from Mexico. Alar eospanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—San Francisco, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. 111. EUCOSMA CONSOBRINANA, new species. (Fig. 242.) Like pulveratana Walsingham, of which it may prove to be a variety. It is smaller, however, and has considerably smaller geni- talia. The termen of fore wing is slightly concave, not so slanting as in pulveratana and veins 3, 4, and 5 are appreciably approximate at termen. In pulveratana (especially in the male) veins 3, 4, and 5 are more nearly parallel and the termen of fore wing is not con- cave. The markings are the same in both species except that to the naked eye consoirinana has a cloud of fuscous scaling near termen below apex, which is not so noticeable in pulveratana. Color dirty grayish white with grayish fuscous markings, Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—11-14 mm. Type.—Cat No. 24816, U.S.N.M. Paratypes..—In National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 129 Tyfe locality.—Elk Point, South Dakota. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and one male and five female paratypes collected at Elk Point, South Dakota, by C. N. Ainslie (Aug., 1913) and three female paratypes from Sioux City, Iowa (C. N. Ainslie). 112. EUCOSMA ASPIDANA (Walsingham) . Paedisca aspidana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. Eucosma aspidana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5147, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no .7031, 1917. This species is placed here provisionally, as I have never seen a specimen matching Walsingham's figure or description. Both would seem to indicate a form similar in color and general habitus to pulveratana. On the other hand, the parallel white lines on fore wings would suggest something similar to dilatana. Walsingham. Alar expanse.—17 mm. Type.—^In British Museum. Type locality.—Arizona. Food plant.—^Unknown. 113. EUCOSMA HOHANA Kearfott. (Fig. 241.) Eucosma hohana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 28. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7005, 1917. Eucosma syrtodes Meybick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Alberta, Canada; Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington. Alar expanse.—20-22 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Mount Piran, Alberta, Canada. Food plant.—Unknown. 114. EUCOSMA BIQUADRANA (Walsingham). Paedisca Mquadrana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 45. Eucosma Mquadrana Fernald, in Dj^ar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5110. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6963, 1917. I have seen nothing that answers satisfactorily to Walsingham's description and figure, though his species undoubtedly belongs in this immediate group. The nearest thing to it is Kearfott's pcdou- sana, but that has too pale a head and thorax. 130 BTJTLLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—22 mm. Type.—In British Musemii. Type locality.—Pitt Kiver, Shasta County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 115. EUCOSMA PALOUSANA Kearfott. (Fig. 222.) En-cosma palousana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 34;— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6940, 1917. Kearfott has two species among his cotypes representing two dif- ferent genera. The California specimens are the same as Sonia fliana Busck, as are also the specimens determined by Kearfott as Eucosma shastana Walsingham. The type of palousana., however, (a male from Pullman, Washington) is a true Eucosma with veins 7 and 8 of fore wing both present and separate. One of his cotypes (" Pullman, Washington, 10 Aug., '98, Wash. Exp. Sta. #533, C. V. Piper") in the National Collection is conspecific with the type. There are also in the National Collection two other female speci- mens from Pullman, Washington. It is possible that palousana may be a synonym or local race of hiquadrana Walsingham, but this can not be ascertained in the ab- sence of an authentic male of Walsingham's species. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Pullman, Washington. Food plant.—Unknown. 116. EUCOSMA SUADANA, new species. (Fig. 243.) Palpus white, slightly clouded with fuscous on tuft of second joint. Face and head white. Thorax white somewhat marked with fuscous. Fore wing with a short appressed fold in the male ; termen slanting, not concave; veins 3, 4, and 5 not appreciably approximate at ter- men ; white marked with dark fuscous ; on dorsum beyond base and before middle a conspicuous outwardly curved fuscous patch reaching to top of cell; another broadly triangular fuscous spot on dorsum beyond middle; along costa several five geminate fuscous dashes; also near middle of costa a square fuscous patch; from costa just beyond apical third a more or less triangular spot extending in a curved, somewhat irregular and variously expanded fuscous band running to tornus around outer margin of ocellus; between this and apex a small but rather conspicuous triangular fuscous spot; another somewhat larger spot at apex; at end of cell an obscure fuscous spot; white areas somewhat streaked and spotted with NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 131 fuscous, but the white ground color nowise obscured thereby ; ocellus only faintly marked with scattered fuscous or blackish scales; cilia fuscous, the tips of the scales white; hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia pale fuscous, with a darker basal line and the tips of the scales white. Fore and middle legs fuscous with scaling at ends of joints whitish; hind legs dirty white not appreciably banded or shaded with fuscous. Male genitalia of type figured. AlcM' expanse.—18-22 mm. Type.—Ciit. No. 24817, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Vineyard, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male and four female para- types all from Vineyard, Utah, Tom Spalding, collector (one speci- men dated "VII-6-12"; two dated "VII-8-12"; three, "VII- 10-12"; and one, " VII-14r-12"). Part of these were from the unplaced material in the National Museum and the rest from Doctor Barnes' collection. I have described this species with considerable hesitation and some doubt. It may prove to be a local race of palousana Kearfott. All the specimens of palousana I have seen are old and more ochre- ous than fuscous colored in the dark areas. The whitish parts of fore wing also have a yellowish tint entirely lacking in suadana. The white head and the dark fuscous rather than ferruginous spots on fore wing exclude suadana from hiquadrana Walsingham which it also approaches closely. 117. EUCOSMA CANANA (Walsingham). Paedisca canana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 50 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 139. Eucosma canana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5115, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6951, 1917. There is a female paratype in the National Collection. I have seen no other specimens. It is distinguished from the other species in this immediate group by the pure white cilia of the fore wing. Walsingham described it from California, but also records a speci- men from Arizona.^^ Alar expanse.—19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type localities.—" Mendocino and Lake Counties, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. i« Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 139. 132 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 118. EUCOSMA EXPOUTANA, new species. (Fig. 249.) In pattern like suadana Heinrich but with a more washed-out ap- pearance, the white areas of fore wing more sordid and the fuscous spots and markings paler and less sharply defined. The entire in- sect has a rubbed over appearancfe as if the pattern had been partially erased. The curved fuscous line from beyond outer third of costa to tornus so prominent in suadana is either broken in exyoUtana or else narrow and obscure. In genitalia it equals rorana Kearfott, but differs in lacking a completed fascia on fore wing beyond middle, the head is more whitish and the insect generally lacks the rusty appearance of Kearfott's species. The last joint of the labial palpus is black in both forms. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—16-20 mm. Type.—C^it. No. 24818 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Provo, Utah. Food plami,.—Unknown. Described from male type (" labeled, Provo, Utah, Tom Spalding, VIII-11-8 ") and four male and two female paratypes from Provo, Utah (Aug. 4 to 20), and two male and one female paratypes from Eureka, Utah ("VII-8-11," "VII-2^11," " VIII-15-11"), all col- lected by Tom Spalding. These paratypes have been selected from a large series in the National Museum and Barnes's collections. There is also a specimen of the same species in the National Collection from Arizona. This species may prove on rearing to be nothing but a variety of rorana. The genitalia are the same in both. In large series of expolitana^ however, there is so little variety in pattern that I do not feel justified in lumping them with rorana. In general appear- ance the two appear quite distinct. 119. EUCOSMA RORANA Kearfott. (Fig. 252.) Eucosma rorana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 31. — Barnes and McDuNNOUGH, Cheek List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6931, 1917. Eucosma sceletopa Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from the type locality. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Stockton and Vineyard, Utah. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 133 Alar expaTise,—15-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. 120. EUCOSMA METARIANA, new species. (Fig. 251.) Like rorana Kearfott, but with head whitish and without yellowish cast on fore wing. Ground color of fore wing white; fuscous markings more decidedly brown; two distinct dorsal spots as in rorana and expolitana; outer dorsal spot margined by whitish scal- ing above; no post median fascia as in rorana; white ground color obvious, but much lined with fuscous. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12-16 mm. Type.—^In collection Barnes. Pavatypes.-—Cat. No. 24819 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Shasta Eetreat, Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and five male paratypes from Shasta Re- treat, Siskiyou County, California ("June 16-23," "June 24-30") ; two male paratypes from Hot Springs, Green Eiver, Washington, and one male paratype from Victoria, British Columbia (E. H. Black- more, " 19-VII-20 "). In pattern and color metariana falls between rorana Kearfott and passerana Walsingham. In genitalia these three species as well as expolitana.^ zomonana, and vandana are almost identical. I have de- scribed it as a species but strongly suspect that it and rorana are only local races of passerana. 121. EUCOSMA PASSERANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 247.) Paedisca passerana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 49. Eucosma passerana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5114, 1903. — Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208 (sic!). — Baenes and McDun- NOTJGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6949, 1917. Cotype in National Collection. I have seen no other specimens that exactly match it. It has an ashy brown head and the white on fore wing is almost completely overclouded with fuscous. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Alar expanse.—15 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 134 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 122. EUCOSMA ZOMONANA Kearfott. (Fig. 250.) Eucosmcb zomonanm Keabfott, Can. Enl., vol. 39, 1907, p. 80. — Baenes and McDoNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6973, 1917. Eucosma explosa Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 86. Looks like an eastern form of passerana. Has the head ashy gray, the dorsal marks on fore wing blackish brown and the outer dorsal mark slanting decidedly toward cell. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection frorh. Plummer Island, Maryland (June, 1906, August Busck, collector). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes: Missouri, Illinois, Ten- nessee, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia. Alar expanse.—11-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 123. EUCOSMA WOMONANA Kearfott. (Fig. 244.) Eucosma womonana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 88. — Barnes and McDonnough, Check Lfet Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6941, 1917. Eiwosma semnitis Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Another eastern representative of the passerana group. Closest to vandana and probably only a more northern variety of that species. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection and American Museum : Ohio, Maryland, Texas. Alar expaTise.—15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 124. EUCOSMA VANDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 246.) Eticosma vandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 24. — Babnes and McDonnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6946, 1917. Eucosma pholas Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. A Florida species like passeruna^ but with white areas of fore wing entirely obscured by dark fuscous markings, the only pale part being in the ocellar area. The characteristic dorsal patches are also obscured in the general brown color. Head ashy fuscous. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 135 Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion. All specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes from Hastings, Florida. Alar expanse.—12-16 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Hastings, Florida. Food plant.—Unknown. 125. EUCOSMA CATACLYSTIANA (Walker). (Figs. 5, 156.) Paedisca cataclystiana Walkek, Cat. Lepid. Heter .Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 378. — Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 46. Steganoptycha ? ochreana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 520. Eucosma cataclystiana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5096, 1903. — Keaefott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 353. — Baknes and McDun- NOTJGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6924, 1917. A common and well-known species in the eastern United States, readily recognized by its reddish ochreous color and peculiar vena- tion. It is the only species in the country with reddish ochreous head, thorax, antenna, and fore wing, in which veins 3 and 4 of fore wing fuse before reaching termen. The apex of the fore wing is acutely produced and the termen distinctly concave. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kentucky ("August Busck, Aug."). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Kentucky, Kansas ,Colorado, Manitoba, New Mexico, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Dis- trict of Columbia, New Jersey, Illinois, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania. The National Collection also contains a single speci- men (male) from Mexico City, Mexico, collected by Senor Roberto Miiller. This Mexican record is new. Alar expanse.—12-19 mm. Types.—In British Museum {cataclystiana) ; Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia {ochreana) . Type localities.—" North America " {cataclystiana) ; Virginia {ochreana). Food plant.—Unknown. 126. EUCOSMA CONSPICIENDANA, new species. (Fig. 157.) Antennae, head, thorax, and fore wings reddish ochreous. Wing pattern and markings as in cataclystiana^ except that the lines from costa near apex are finer, and w^iite rather than silvery. The apex of fore wing is acutely produced and termen is concave, but appreci- 136 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. ably less so than in cataclystiana; also veins 3 and 4 are approximate at termen and not fused as in cataclystiana. Male genitalia of type figured. Alaaf' expaTise.—17-18 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Patatypes.—Cat. No. 24820 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and Collection Barnes. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and female paratype from Stockton, Utah (Tom Spalding, Collector, "VII-^^" and "VI-2T-4"), one male paratype from Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, Califor- nia, one male paratype from Eureka, Utah (" Tom Spalding, V-31- 10 "), and one male paratype from St. Ignatius, Montana. A very distinct species, as shown by the male genitalia. 127. EUCOSMA FLORIDANA Kearfott. (Fig. 147.) Eucosma floridana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 21. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6912, 1917. This species also has veins 3 and 4 of fore wing fusing before ter- men; but is distinguished by its white head and pale clay colored thorax. There are also a few scattered silver spots on the reddish yellow fore wings. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Cotypes in National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes, all from Hastings, Florida. Alar expanse.—18-22 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Hastings, Florida. Food plant.—^Unknown. 9. Genus EPIBLEMA Hubner. Genotype.—PhalceeTia Tinea /<9e?ie?Za Linnaeus (fig. 19). Synonyms.—1. Apotomis Hubner. Genotype.—Apotomis turbi- dana Hubner. 2. Pardia Guenee. Genotype.—Tortrix tripunctana Denis and Schiffermiiller. 3. Notocelia Hubner. Genotype.—Phalaena Tortrix uddmanniana Linnaeus. 4. Grapholitha Treitschke, part {CococJiroea Lederer). Geno- type.—Paedisca grandaevana Zeller. 5. Monosphragis Clemens. Genqfype.—Monosphragis otiosana Clemens. NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 137 6. Euryptychia Clemens. Genotype.— {Eurytychia saligneana Clemens) Hedya scudderiana Clemens. Characters as in Eucosma except : Vein 11 of fore wing normally from well before middle of cell. Male genitalia with small rudimentar}?^ clasper on harpe ; no strong anal spine or spines on cucuUus ; neck sometimes densely clothed with hair-like spines. As here defined represents the lowest and most primitive group in the main EucosTna stem. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPIBLBMA. For the following new species not included in this key, see Appendix : gratuitana and periculosana. 1. Fore wing with termen convex ; veins 3 and 4 widely separated at termen 2 Fore wing with termen not convex ; veins 3 and 4 approximate at ter- men or but slightly separate, and parallel from just beyond base 6 2. Termen of fore wing decidedly slanting ; fore wings rather narrow 3 Termen of fore wing rounded, but not slanting ; fore wings broad 4 8. Head whitish gray ; fore wing gray white with dark markings ochreous fuscous (32) ahbreviatana. Head dark fuscous; fore wing dull fuscous marked by indistinct lines of black scales and with a somewhat obscured mid-dorsal white patch. (2) serangias. 4. Fore wing dark brown with a white patch on middle of dorsal margin. (23) walsinghami. Fore wing pale grayish fuscous, with a triangular dark-brown patch on dorsal margin near base 5 5. Fore wing with a small triangular brown spot on dorsum before tornus ; a brown band from middle of costa to end of cell (30) brightonana. Fore wing without such, but with a large triangular outwardly curved brown patch on costa near apex (31) tandana 6. Fore wing dark brown, with a distinct well-defined white patch on dor- sum near middle 7 Fore wing otherwise 13 7. White patch on dorsal margin near middle fusing on the margin with white ocelloid patch (26) dorsisuffusana. White patch on dorsal margin near middle not so fusing with ocelloid patch 8 8. White patch on dorsal margin near middle outwardly curved or produced above into an outwardly pointing hook 9 White patch on dorsal margin square or triangular 10 9. White dorsal patch marked with fine median fuscous lines or line. (1) boxcana. White dorsal patch unmarked (29) otiosana. 10. Ocellar area of fore wing a distinct white patch (16) kennebecana. Ocellar area of the ground color, or with little white scaling 11 11. Mid-dorsal white patch large, square and extending nearly to costa. (14) tripartitana. Mid-dorsal white patch not extending above middle of wing 12 12. Alar expanse under 15 mm 13 Alar expanse over 16 mm (24) infelix. 138 BUIXETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13. Second joint of palpus clothed with, long scales which extend far beyond and cover terminal joint (21) hirsutana. Second joint of palpus not so clothed ; terminal joint exposed. (22) purpurissatana, 14. Male with costal fold extending more than half the length of the wing 15 Male with fold not extending beyond middle of costa 16 15. Fore wing sordid pinkish white with bluish fuscous markings ; termen and cilia of same from apex to above tornus blue black ; dark basal patch out- wardly angulate (18) obfuscana. Fore wing white marked and mottled with black, red-brown and leaden scales ; termen from apex to above tornus margined with red-brown ; dark basal patch with outer margin crenulate (20) carolinana. 16. Fore wing unicolorous, bright ochreous (10) ochraceana. Fore wing not unicolorous ; if so, not bright ochreous 17 17. Fore wing with a white median area, blackish fuscous basal patch, a gray- ish fuscous suffusion over outer third and a distinct round black spot at lower outer angle of cell (15) scudderiana. Fore wing pattern otherwise 18 18. Fore wing with ground color ashy gray-white suffused with darker gray and with definite dark fuacous-gray basal and outer dorsal patches but these not well contrasted against ground color (13) exacerbatricana. Fore wing with ground color other than ashy-gray white ; or if so colored, without basal and outer dorsal patches or with these strongly contrasted against ground color 19 19. Fore wing with pale ground color and well contrasted dark basal patch and dark patch on outer dorsal margin ; head black, dark fuscous, or ochreous fuscous 20 No such basal and dorsal patches on fore wing; or, if latter are present, head white or whitish ochreous 24 20. Basal patch and dark markings on fore wings dark slate gray or bluish fuscous 23 Dark markings pale brown or ferruginous 21 21. Dark markings on fore wing pale brown, spotted with black scaling ; pale areas mottled with lead-colored scales giving a marbled appearance to the fore wing . (25) suffusana. Dark markings on fore wing ferruginous, at least toward termen where there is a well defined, inwardly curved ferrugineous band_(28) culminana. 22. Hind wing whitish (27) illotana. Hind wing brown or smoky fuscous 23 23. Pale areas of fore wing somewhat pinkish (19) desertana. Pale areas of fore wing pale whitish gray (17) discretivana. 24. Terminal joint of palpus black and antenna Avith a sharply contrasted black spot on second joint 27 Terminal joint of palpus not black and antenna without such black spot on second joint 25 25. Ground color of fore wing whitish or pale yellow ; distinct basal and outer dorsal dark patches 26 Ground color of fore wing ochreous-fuscous or brownish gray; ocelloid patch white and a white germinate dash on costa near apex; no other contrasted markings (3) strenuana. 26. Ocelloid patch and median pale area of fore wing yellowish (11) sosana. Ocelloid patch and median pale area of fore wing whitish (12) insidiosana. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMIFAE. 139 27. Ground color of fore wing pale sordid oclireous or ochreous fuscous 28 Ground color grayish white or ashy gray 29 28. Ground color ocheous fuscous (4) abruptana. Ground color pale sordid ochreous somewhat clouded with grayish fuscous and with a grayish fuscous patch in cell near base (5) numerosana. 29. Basal patch on fore wing indicated by its outer blackish fuscous margin. (6) grossbecki. Fore wing without any such indication of a basal patch 30 30. Ground color of fore wing ashy gray, rather dark (9) deflexana. Ground color of fore wing grayish white, very pale 31 31. A conspicuous dot on fore wing over vein Ic, one-third from base. (7) praesumptiosa. No such brown dot on fore wing (8) var. separationis. 1. EPIBLEMA BOXCANA (Kcarfott). (Fig. 254.) Eucosma boxcana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 87.— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6975, 1917. Eucosma aspista Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. There appear to be two species or at least two distinct forms among the cotypes of this species. The typical hoxcana has a distinct black patch on dorsum of fore wing just before tornus and bordering the mid-dorsal white spot, also a blackish shade to basal patch. It be- longs in the strenuana group and is very close to that species but distinct. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection, from Kerrville, Texas. Distribution according to specimens (typical) in National Collec- tion, American Museum, and collection Barnes ; Ohio, Texas, Illinois, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—14^18 mm. Type,—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—^Unknown. 2. EPIBLEMA SERANGIAS (Meyrick). (Fig. 256.) Eucosma vomonana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 90. — Baenes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6997, 1917. Eucosma serangias Meykick, Eut. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. In this case we are again able to use a Meyrick substitute for one of Kearfott's "nonsense" names, as vomonana is preoccupied by womonana Kearfott, the synonymous letters v and w being the only difference between the two. This species is distinguished from the others of the strenuana group by the lack of any ocellus in the fore wing. Male genitalia figured from type. 140 BULLETIlsr 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Placer County, California. Alar exfanse.—15-17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cisco, Placer County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 3. EPIBLEMA STRENUANA (Walker). (Figs. 257, 258.) Grapholita strenuana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 383. Grapholita exvaffana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 383. Steganoptpcha flavocellana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., vol. 5, 1865, p. 138. Qrapholitha sulveirsana Zeller, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 318. Paedisca strenuana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 52 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. Eucosma strenua/na Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5129, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6981, 1917. Eucosma minutana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 356. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6982, 1917. Eucosma antaxia Metrick, Exot. Microlepid., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1920, p. 344. This is the most variable species of the genus both in color and structure. On the differences in shape and size of the harpes one would be inclined to divide it into at least six species. None of the forms can be maintained, however, even as a race, as all possible variations are to be found in any rearing from a given locality. Kearfott's minutana is the most distinct on color ; but it is not con- stant and in color and structure grades into the typical dark strenuana form. In all specimens the chitinization of the subanal plate of the gnathos is the same and a constant character. The size and minor differences of the harpes, however, can not be used to separate this species even from those of the numerosana group. The latter also have a constant character in the subanal plate of the gnathos. This structure is nearly square in numerosana, and its allies while in strenuana it approaches the hour-glass shape. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from San Diego, California (fig. 257) and Palm Beach, Florida (fig. 258). These show the two extremes in genitalia structure. The former is the more nearly typical. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: California, Utah, Colorado, Missouri, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ohio, West Virginia, Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, District of Columbia, Penn- sylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Illinois. Alar expanse.—10-19 mm. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE., 141 Types.—In British Museum {strenuana and exvagana) ; Acadamy of Natural Science, Philadelphia {flavocellana) ; Museum Compara- tive Zoology (subversana) ; American Museum {minutana). Type localities.—" North America " {strenuana and exvagana) ; Pennsylvania? {fiavoceUana) -^ Dallas, Texas {subversana) \ Essex County Park, New Jersey (minutana). Food plants.—Arnbrosia artimisifolia, A. trifida (larvae are stem- borers) . 4. EPIBLEMA ABRUPTANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 259.) Paedisca abruptana Wai.singham, Illus. Lepid. Heter, Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 53. Eucosma abruptana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., No. 5126, 1895. — Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 354 (part). — Barnes and McDxjNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., No. 6980, 1917. Tliis species is somewhat mixed in the collections. About half the specimens determined by Kearfott are referable to Gretchena dulciana Heinrich. The true abruptana is superficially much like strenuana Walker from which it is distinguished by the distinctly blue black terminal joint of its palpus and the blue black second joint of its antenna, I believe it is nothing more than a color variety of nu/merosana Zeller from which it is distinguished by the lack of any pale shading on the lower half of the fore wing and by its somewhat darker head and thorax. Bearing alone will determine the synonymy or distinctness of the two. Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Tryon, North Carolina ("Fiske, 8-14-1904"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : North Carolina, Texas, Florida, Louisiana, Illinois. Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. Typ)e.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Texas. Food plants.—^Unknown. 5, EPIBLEMA NUMEROSANA (Zeller) . (Fig. 260.) Paedisca numerosana Zellee, Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 317. Eucosma numerosana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., No. 5100, 1903. Barnes and McDunnoitgh, Check List Lepid, Bor. Amer., No. 6923, 1917. This species with grossbecM^ praesumptiosa., defexana, and abrupt- ana form a single species group and what I believe will prove to be only one very variable but well defined species. All have the same striking characters in structure and marking ; that is in the genitalia 7806—23 10 142 BULI^ETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIOI^AL, MUSEUM. the same stout, broad, almost triangular aedoeagus, the same well separated socii, the same hood like, round, reduced uncus and the same squarish chitinization of the subanal plate of the gnathos; in color marking they agree in all having a blue black second antennal joint, a black terminal joint of palpus and a round black spot on the outer side of second joint of palpus. They vary greatly in the ground color and pattern of fore wings and in size and shape of the harpes. I have split the complex and grouped the forms under district names upon the same logic that prompted the lumpings under strenuana^ namely to prevent confusion. The strenmana and numero- sana groups are very close but have constant and obvious characters to separate them. Now with the strervuana forms we know they are all one species for all their varieties have been produced from a single rearing from a single locality (District of Columbia). With the numerosana complex on the other hand we have only a strong sus- picion of specific identity. They have not been reared. When they are I expect we shall find them all one species. Until then however, I think it best to keep the different forms under separate names. They can always be lumped and in the mean time no harm is done by the synonomy. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kerrville, Texas. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana, Ala/r exyanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—In Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 6. EPIBLBMA GROSSBECKI, new species. (Fig. 261.) Like nwmerosana except: Head and thorax more whitish. Fore wing very pale gray ; costa of the gray ground color finely and evenly strigulated from base to apex with fuscous; an outwardly angulate basal patch indicated only by a narrow fascia of blackish fuscous scales on its outer margin; on dorsum bordering the inner margin of ocellus a narrow band of blackish fuscous scaling; joining this a faint, narrow, more or less continuous line of blackish fuscous scales from middle of costa ; a distinct blackish fuscous spot at apex ; above and at outer margin of white ocellar spot some streaking of blackish scales ; cilia white dusted with pale fuscous giving an even light gray color to the fringe. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—13-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE, 143 Puratypes.—Cat. No. 24821 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Everglades, Florida (April, 1912). Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 9 male and 4 female paratypes from Everglades, Florida, and five male paratypes from Fort Myer, Florida, all from the Kearfott collection in the American Museum. Kearfott had set this aside as a new species and given it the manu- script name grosshecki, which I take pleasure in validating. I be- lieve that it will eventually prove to be a synonym or at most a Florida race of nuTiierosana^ but for the present it is better to name it as a distinct species. 7. EPIBLEMA PRAESUMPTIOSA, n©w species. (Fig. 262.) Palpi, face, head, and antennae white; third joint of palpus and second joint of antenna black ; a spot of blaskish fuscous scaling on outer side of second joint of palpus. Thorax and fore wing white faintly and evenly dusted with pale fuscous giving the entire insect a uniformly grayish white appearance; costa of fore wing evenly strigulated with pale fuscous; near apex a short but conspicuous triangular white dash; at apex a pale fuscous spot; over vein Ic, one-third from base, a conspicuous brown spot; a smaller fainter brown spot on inner margin of ocellus ; ocellus white with a central black dot and a similar black dot at upper margin ; cilia concolorous with wing. Hind wings concolorous with fore wings; cilia slightly paler. Legs white dusted with pale fuscous on outer sides. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. Type.—Cut. No. 24822 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—Brownsville, Texas. Food plant.—^Unknown. Described from male type and five female paratypes collected at Brownsville, Texas, by August Busck ("5-27-17"). On genitalia hardly distinguishable from numeroana and abrupt- ana, but superficially quite distinct. 8. EPIBLEMA PRAESUMPTIOSA SEPARATIONIS, new variety. (Fig. 265.) Like pra^sumptiosa, except much smaller and without the brown spots on vein Ic and at inner margin of ocellus. The genitalia also differs in having the cucullus of the harpe more rounded. 144 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—9-11 mm. Type.—C2.t. No. 24823 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—Brownsville, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male and two female paratypes from Brownsville, Texas, collected by August Busck ("5-27-lT"). Looks like a runted praesumptiosa^ except for the harpes of the male genitalia. 9. EPIBLEMA DEFLEXANA, new species. (Fig. 266.) A pale grayish fuscous (or ashy gray) form like the paler strenu- ana specimens {minutana Kearfott), except for black terminal joint of palpus and black second joint of antenna. Head and face sordid white. Hind wings pale smoky fuscous. Tarsi of legs strongly marked with dark fuscous on outer sides. Male genitalia as in ahi'uptana Walsingham. but with cucullus of harpe much reduced. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12.5 mm. Type.—Cd^t. No. 24824 U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Brownsville, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and male paratype from Brownsville, Texas, collected by August Busck ("5-27-17"). Probably an extreme form of abruptana Walsingham and like that and the three other new forms here described, but a variation of numerosana Zeller. If any are to be kept distinct, however, this form also requires separation. 10. EPIBLEMA OCHEACEANA Femald. (Fig. 268.) Epiblema ochraceana Feknald Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 9, 1901, p. 51. Eucosma ochraceana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5097, 1903. — Babnes and McDonnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer. no. 6925, 1917. A distinct species, like strenuana in genitalia, but easily distin- guished by its uniforml^^ bright ochreous color. Male genitalia from specimen in National Collection, from Palm Beach, Florida. Specimens in National Collection, from Palm Beach, Florida. Alar expanse.—12 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Palm Beach, Florida. Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 145 11. EPIBLEMA SOSANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 269.) Eucosma sosana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 32. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6932, 1917. Eucosma pelina Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Utah and California. Alar expanses.—15-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. 12. EPIBLEMA INSIDIOSANA, new species. (Fig. 263.) Palpi and head white shaded with pale olivaceous fuscous. Face white. Antennae grayish white. Fore wing white marked and mottled with pale fuscous of a somewhat olivaceous tint ; costa evenly and conspicuously strigulated with narrow fuscous dashes from base to apex; a well-marked basal patch with outer margin somewhat irregular but nearly vertical ; on dorsum before ocellus a large dark blotch fusing with a similar dark shading above the ocellus ; ocelloid patch white with a single central longitudinal dark line ; cilia white, dusted basally with fuscous. Hind wing smoky fuscous; rather dark; cilia whitish with dark basal and terminal shading. Legs white on inner sides ; on outer sides fuscous, banded with white. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—10-14.5 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24825, U.S.N.M. Also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locaMty.—Southern Pines, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 10 male and two female paratypes from Southern Pines, North Carolina ("June 1-7" to "July 16- 23 "), all from Doctor Barnes's collection. It is very similar to sosana Kearfott in color and markings but without the yellow patch on mid dorsum of fore wing and the yellow ocelloid patch so characteristic of the latter species. The basal patch is also different in the two. In sosana its outer margin is slanting, the patch being wider on costal than on dorsal margin of the wing, while in insidiosana it is the same width above and below, with the outer margin nearly vertical. 146 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. 13. EPIBLEMA EXACERBATRICANA, new species. (Pig. 264.) Like irisidiosana Heinrich except darker and with fore wings narrower in proportion to their length. Palpi, face, and head sordid grayish white tinged with ochreous; third joint of palpus black. Fore wing ashy gray white with darker fuscous gray basal patch, outer dorsal patch, costal strigulae and clouding above ocelloid patch; ocellus consisting of two vertical bars of whitish semi- metallic scaling (sometimes faintly tinted with pink) and a median dark spot or streak breaking into the outer bar ; cilia whitish, heavily dusted with fuscous gray. Hind wing dark smoky fuscous; cilia a trifle paler with dark basal band. Legs ashy fuscous on outer sides faintly ringed on tibiae and tarsi with ochreous white; sordid ochreous white on inner sides. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—11-13 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24826, U.S.N.M. Also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Southern Pines, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 14 male and 4 female paratypes from Southern Pines, North Carolina ("Aug. 16-23 " to " Sept. 16- 23"), all from Doctor Barnes's collection. On genitalia and pat- tern appears to be a distinct species close to insidiosana. 14. EPIBLEMA TRIPAKTITANA (Zeller). (Fig. 270.) Paedisca tripartitana Zellek, Verb. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 308. Euoosma tripartitana Fernald, in Dj'ar List N. Arner. Lepid., no. 5141, 1903. — Barnes and McDuwnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7025, 1917. A distinct species, easily recognized by the characters given in the key. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Cocoanut Grove, Florida (E. A. Schwarz). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : Florida and Texas. One speci- men in the American Museum from Brownsville, Texas, labeled as reared from Rudheckia; presumably this species but too badly rubbed to allow of certain identification. Alar expanse.—14-21 mm. Type.—In Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—" Gutierrezia microcephala " (Zeller) ; Rudheckia^ larva an inquilin in Cecidomyid galls (Wm. T. Davis) . NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 147 15. EPIBLEMA SCUDDERIANA (Clemens) . (Pig. 271.) Hedya scudderiana Clemens, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla., 1860, p. 358. Euryptychia saligneana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soe. Phila., vol. 5, 1865, p. 141, Paedisca affusana Zeller, Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 307. Paedisca scudderiana Kellicott, Can. Ent., vol. 14, 1882, p. 161. — Waxsing- HAM, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. FAicosma scudderiana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5139, 1903. — Keabfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 354 ; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905. p. 208. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7014, 1917. A common and well known species. The larva is a stem borer and gall maker in golden rod. Male genitalia figure from reared specimen in National Collection from Boston, Massachusetts ("May, 1908"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Indiana, Iowa, Manitoba, Ontario. Alar expanse.—15-21 nmi. Types.—In Academy National Science, Philadelphia {scud- der'iana) ; ? (saligneana) ; ? (affusana). Type localities.—Massachusetts (scudderiana') ; Eock Island, Illinois (scudderiana) " North America " (affusana). Food plant.—Solidago. 16. EPIBLEMA KENNEBECANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 272.) Epinotia kenneJ)ecana Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 157. Enarmonia kennehecana Barnes and McDtjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7164, 1917. A small apparently distinct species, known to me only from the type. It looks like a small scudderiana except that the basal patch of fore wing is outwardly angulate and that neither the mid dorsal nor the ocelloid white patches extend to costa. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—13 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality..—Kennebunk Port, Maine. Food plant.—Unknown. 17. EPIBLEMA DISCRETIVANA (Heinrich). (Fig. 273.) Eucosma discretivana Heinrich, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 20, 1921, p. 823. Male genitalia figured from type. 148 BUULETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A reared series (type and paratypes) in National Collection from Texas. Alar expanse.—13-16 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Sheldon, Texas. Food plant.—^' Wild myrtle." 18. EPIBLEMA OBFUSCANA (Dyar). (Fig. 274.) Paedisca obfuscata Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., vol. 1, 1888, p. 33. Eucosma oJ)fuscana Dyar, List N. Amer. Lepid., nos. 5140-1, 1903. — Kearfott, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, 1907, p. 157. — Barnes and McDun- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7016, 1917. The naming of this species will have to be credited to Dyar, as the few remarks of Eiley's in the Proceedings of the Washington Ento- mologist Society can not possibly be construed as a description. The species is quite distinct from both scudderiana and desertana. From the latter, which it most closely resembles, it is at once sepa- rated by the uncus of the male genitalia as well as the less obvious color character given in our key. The larva is a stem borer in golden-rod. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Ames, Iowa (" Osborn, 5-30-81"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Iowa, District of Columbia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, New York. Alar expanse.—15-21 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—District of Columbia. Food plant.-—Solidago. 19. EPIBLEMA DESERTANA (Zeller). (Pig. 275.) Paedisca desertana Zeller, Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 306. Eucosma desertana Fernald, in Dyar List. N. Amer, Lepid., no, 5140, 1903.— Barnes and McDunnoxjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7015, 1917. The larva of this species is also a stem gall maker in golden-rod. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Wellington, Kansas. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : New York, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Texas, Florida, Kansas. Alar expanse.—11-18 mm. Type.—In Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Solidago. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 149 20. EPIBLEMA CAROLINANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 277.) Paedisca (?) caroUnana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1895, p. 509. Eucosma caroUnana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5150, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7020, 1917. Eucosma Carolina Kearfott, Ins. of New Jersey, 1909, p. 542. A striking and easily recognized species. In the National Col- lection there is a female from New Brighton, Pennsylvania (" Mer- rick, VIII-13-'07 "), bearing a label with the notation " reared from Rhudbeckia." Its habits are probably the same as the other species of this immediate group. Male genitalia figured from specimen in American Museum from Montclair, New Jersey ("Kearfott, VIII-2"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : New Jersey, New York, Penn- sylvania, Illinois, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—19-26 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—North Carolina. Food plant.—Rudbeckia. 21, EPIBLEMA HIRSUTANA (Walsingham). Paedisca Mrsutana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter, Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 50. Eucosma Mrsutana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5132. — ^Barnes and McDTJNN0iT6H,^heck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6990, 1917. I have seen nothing that could be definitely determined as this species. It is keyed and placed here entirely on Walsingham's description and figure. Alar expanse.—13 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Sonoma County, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. 22. EPIBLEMA PURPURISSATANA, new species. (Fig. 267.) Antennae gray; rather strongly pubescent in the male. Palpus dirty gray white shaded with leaden gray towards end of second joint; short, hardly projecting beyond head. Head and thorax ochreous gray, the latter somewhat dusted with dirty white. Fore wing of male with a broad appressed fold extending to slightly beyond middle of costa; blackish fuscous, somewhat ferruginous brown on costa toward apex and bordering termen; a dirty white patch on dorsum near midde ; also a considerable suffusion of dirty white over dark ground of extreme base of wing; from the upper 150 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. outer angle of the mid dorsal white patch a streak of white extend- ing to end of cell and ending in an upcurved white dash; three or four obscure dirty white dashes on apical third of costa; ocellus consisting of a shining broad bluish metallic inner bar and a nar- rower outer bar of the same color enclosing three more or less coa- lescing black streaks; areas bordering ocellus above and behind heavily dusted with black ; a fine black line along terminal margin ; cilia dirty ochreous white shading to blackish fuscous at tips. Hind wing dark smoky brown ; cilia pale with a dark basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—10.5-11.5 mm. Type.—^In Canadian National Collection. Paratype.—QdX. No. 24827, U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Vernon, British Columbia. Food plant.—Wild rose. Described from male type and female paratype received from Dr. J. M. McDunnough and labeled: "Vernon, B. C, from wild roses, V-20." This species is apparently very close to hirsutana Walsingham. I suspected it of being that form; but Walsingham states clearly that hirsutana has the second joint of palpus clothed with long scales which project far beyond, the apical joint. In purpurissatana the scales are rather short and the third joint exposed. Superficially it most resembles Epinotia heucherana Heinrich, with which it might easily be confused. Its genitalia are, however, typically Epiblemid. 23. EPIBLEMA WALSINGHAMI (Kearfott). (Fig. 278.) Enarmonia walsingJiami Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 57. Laspeyresia walsinghami Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7245, 1917. Kearfott's cotypes represent two species of Epihlema. The true walsinghami is a broad winged dark form with a triangular mid- dorsal white patch on fore wing and superficially looks like a Las- peyresia resembling L. americana Walsingham from which Kear- fott distinguished it. The Tryon, North Carolina, specimens from the National Museum were divided by Kearfott, one of those he labelled (incorrectly) L. americana, and two he included among his cotypes of walsinghami. They are true Epihlema, but quite dis- tinct on genitalia and other characters from loalsinghami, and of course do not at all answer to americana, which is a true Laspeyresia^ Male genitalia figured from typical specimen in National Collec- tion from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("V-13-16"). IsrORXH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 151 Distinction according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and Collection Barnes: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Florida. Alar expanse.—14:.5-1Q mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Essex County, New Jersey. Food plant.—Unknown. 24. EPIBLEMA INFELIX, new species. (Fig. 276.) Head, thorax and fore wings brownish ochreous. Fore wing with- termen slightly concave; veins 3, 4, and 5 somewhat approxi- mate at termen; a rather large irregularly square white patch on mid dorsum marked with one or two short fuscous dashes or dots on dorsal margin; outer half of costa marked with four pair of short white dashes which are continued in bluish metallic scales, the metallic scaling shading a large part of outer third of wing; ocellus consisting of two vertical bars of bluish metallic scales, the inner one very broad, and a vertical central line of black scales, which broadens into an outwardly pointed pot hook above ; a patch or two of black scales on inner margin of ocellus; termen brown; cilia brownish fuscous with a darker basal line. Hind wing dark brown ; cilia but slightly paler. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—18-21 mm. Type.—Q^t. No. 24828, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—^Tryon, North Carolina. Food plant.—Unknown Described from male type and one male and one female paratype from Tryon, North Carolina (the type dated " 5-25-04 " and the paratypes dated "7-5-04"), Fiske, collector. The type had been labeled Enarmonia americana Walsingham by Kearfott and the female paratype had been made a cotype of {Enar- monia) Epiblenia walsinghami Kearfott. The cotype of walsing- hami from Tryon, North Carolina, in the American Museum is also this species, but as it is somewhat abberant I do not include it among my paratypes. The mid dorsal white spot on fore wing is sharply triangular, as in tualsinghami^ and the dark color approaches that of walsinghami a little more than it does infelix. Its genitalia and venation, however, are those of the latter, and I have no doubt it is that species. It is not walsingTiami. 152 BULiLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIOISTAL. MUSEUM. The distinguishing characters separating the two species, in addi- tion to genitalia differences, are as follows: In walsinghami the head and thorax is blue black, the apical third of fore wing is much darker and the metallic markings less obvious ; vein 2 of fore wing is not bent upward, and vein 3, 4, and 5 are well separated at termen ; in the hind wing vein 5 is rather well separated from 4 at base, not far enough, however, to justify its being con- fused with the Laspeyresiinae. In infelix vein 5 of hind wing is closely approximate to 4 at base ; 3 and 4 are longer stalked ; vein 2 of fore wing is bent up ; the termen is more concave ; 3, 4, and 5 are slightly approximate at termen; the apical third of fore wing is browner, the metallic scaling more obvious, and the head brown. In all specimens, except the somewhat abberent one in New York, the face is too rubbed to be sure of its color. The latter has a white face. In walsinghami the face is blackish fuscous. The two species must be very close to hirsutana Walsingham. 25. EPIBLEMA SUFFUSANA (Teller). (Fig. 279.) Penthina suffusana Zeltler, Isis, 1846, p. 211. Notocelia suffusana Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2060, 1901. Eucosma suffusana Keaefoot, Ins. of N. J., 1910, p. 541. — Barnes and Mc- DuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6957, 1919. This introduced European insect is to be found in a few of our Eastern localities. Its only known food plant in this country is Tvose, the larva attacking the buds and young leaves. In Europe it is recorded from Pt'unus, Pyrus, and Crataegus. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("Fred Marloff, vii-1-12"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland. Alar expanse.—16-19 mm. Type in collection.—Unknown. Type locality.—North Germany. Food plant.—Rose. 26. EPIBLEMA DORSISUFFUSANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 280.) Eucosma dorsisuffusana Keaefott, Jour. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 167. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7017, 1917. This species is easily recognized by the dark fuscous ground color and the white dorsal area of fore wing, the latter formed by the con- fluence of the median dorsal and ocelloid patches. Male genitalia figured from type. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 153 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Ohio, Pennsylvania. Alar Expanse.—17.5-24 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 27. EPIBLEMA ILLOTANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 281.) Paedisca illotana Walsingham. IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 39. Eucosma illotana Feenat.d, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5138, 1903. — Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 5, 1905, pp. 44, 208. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7013, 1917. A distinct easily recognized species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Ottawa, Canada ("19-6-1900"). Distribution acording to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ontario, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—16-19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Kouge River, Oregon. Plant food.—Unknown. 28. EPIBLEMA CULMINANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 282.) Paedisca culminana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 38. Eucosma culminana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5117, 1903. Keabfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, pp. 44, 208. ^Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6953, 1917. Another very uniform, widely distributed, easily recognized species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from East River, Connecticut (" C. R. Ely, Sept. 4, 1907"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : North California, Utah, Wash- ington, Colorado, British Columbia, Manitoba, Indiana, District of Columbia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire. Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Shasta County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 154 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29. EPIBLKMA OTIOSANA (Clemens). (Fig. 283.) Monosphragis otiosana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 354. Paedisca incUnana Zelleb, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 301. Paedisca otiosana Wat.singham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140. Eucosma otiosana Fernald, in Dyar List N, Amer. Lepid., no. 5142, 1903. — Keabfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 355.—Barnes and Mc- DuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7062, 1917. A very variable species as to size of individual specimens but rather constant in pattern. It has been confused somewhat with constrictana Zeller, but the latter is generically distinct. The larva is a stem borer in various weeds. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Tryon, North Carolina ("Fiske, 6-30-'04")- Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Missouri, Kansas, Ohio, Illinois, Arkansas, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts. Alar expanse.—12-20 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science Philadelphia {otiosana) ; Museum Comparative Zoology {incUnana) . Type localities.—Pennsylvania {otiosana) ; Dallas, Texas {in- clinana) . Food plants.—Bidens frondosa^ Polygonum, AmJbrosia. 30. EPIBLEMA BRIGHTONANA (Kearfott), (Fig. 284.) Eucosma brightonana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 23. Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6977, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—13-16 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 31. EPIBLEMA TANDANA (Kearfott). (Pig. 289.) Eucosma tandana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 23. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7032, 1917. Eucosma trapesitis Meyuick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Male genitalia figured from specimen in American Museum from Montclair, New Jersey (Kearfott). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 155 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Illinois, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Iowa. Alar expanse.—20-22 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 32. EPIBLEMA ABBREVIATANA (Walsingltam) . (Fig. 255.) Paedisca abbreviatmia Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 54. Eucosma aibreviatana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5124, 1903. — Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6970, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from New Haven, Connecticut ("W. E. Britton, 24 May, 1905"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Connecticut, New Jersey, Illi- nois, Ontario, Saskatchewan. One specimen from Eiley collection in U.S.N.M. without locality, but labeled ''Solid.ago ? 20-5.85." Alar expanse.—10-12 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Washington, District of Columbia. Food plant.—Solidago? EPIBLEMA TRIGEMINANA (Stephens). This European species has been recorded from our fauna.^^ To the best of my knowledge we do not have the true trigeminana and the name should be dropped from our lists. None of the American specimens I have seen labeled as trigeniinana were even congeneric with Stephens's species. 10. SULEIMA, new genus. (Figs. 26, 292.) Genotype.—Semasia helianthana Riley. Characters as in Sonia except : Hind wing with 7 veins ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 3 and 4 united. 3 and 5; vein 11 from middle or slightly beyond middle of cell; male without costal fold. Hind wing with 7 veins ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 and 4 united. Male genitalia with no rudimentary clasper on harpe. Socii short ; finger-like. " Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit.- Mus., vol. 4, 1879, pp. 51, 77. 156 BUOjETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Derived from Sonia. In venation the most advanced of the Eucos- mine genera. KBY TO THE SPECIES OF SDLEIMA. 1. Fore wing with entire dorsum white, dotted along margin with fuscous. (6) cinerodorsana. Fore wing with entire dorsum not white 2 2. Fore wing white with dark basal patch and dark patch on outer dorsal margin before ocellus 3 Fore wing gray or fuscous 4 3. Head cream white; subcostal area of fore wing beyond middle nearly pure white (4) lagopana. Head pale ochreous ; subcostal area of fore wing beyond middle clouded with fuscous (5) baracana. 4. Fore wing pale ashy gray with strong outwardly curved antimedlan blackish fuscous patch on dorsal margin and similar smaller patch on dorsum be- fore ocellus (1) helianthana. Fore wing dark and not so marked 5 5. Fore wing dark gray with darker basal and outer dorsal patches but faintly indicated (2) daracana. Fore wing with area beyond end of cell pale ochreous (3) skinnerana. 1. SULEIMA HEUANTHANA (Riley). (Figs. 26, 292.) Semasia helianthana Rii^y, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 319. Thiodia helianthana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5186, 1903. no. 7081, 1917.—Heineich, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 20, 1921, p. 824. This is an easily recognized species and its food plant is known; but it is often misidentified. In collections it frequently appears as lagopana Walsingham. The larva feeds in the stems and on theseeds of the common garden sunflower. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution affording to specimens in National Collection, Ameri • can Museum, and collection Barnes : Texas, California, Illinois. Alar expanse.—15-20 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Texas. Food plant.—Helianthus. 2. SULKIMA DARACANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 293.) Thiodia daracana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 44. Eucosma daracana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7077, 1917. Thiodia profana Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol 48, 1912, p. 34. A dark gray species, quite distinct from anything in the genus. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Placer County, California. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 157 Distribution according to specimens National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes : California and Washington. Alar expanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Placer County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 3. SULEIMA SKINNERANA, new species. (Fig. 298.) Palpi projecting the length of the head beyond it; sordid white heavily dusted with grayish fuscous, especially on outer sides. Head sordid white. Thorax grayish fuscous, the anterior margin shaded with white. Fore wing to end of cell gray brown, the dark shading outwardly angulate at upper outer angle of cell and curving in to meet costa a middle; at middle of wing a faint broken white patch reaching from dorsum almost to costa, caused by a shading of white scales between the veins ; outer part of wing yellowish white with two or three faint, longitudinal blackish streaks on ocellus; on costa be- tween middle and apex, three pair of outwardly curved white dashes, the pair from middle of costa rather long, reaching to upper outer angle of cell; cilia whitish spotted with fuscous, especially toward apex. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous; cilia paler, with a faint darker basal band. Legs ochreous white heavily dusted with fuscous ; tarsi fuscous banded with white. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—17-21 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 24829 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia, and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 4 male and 4 female paratypes col- lected in Carr Canyon, Arizona, August, 1905, by Dr. Henry Skinner, and named in honor of the collector. Kearfott had an unnamed specimen among his duplicates and he had given the name sMnnerana to the series in the Academy of Natural Sciences ; but the description had never been published. I take pleasure in validating his name. In addition to the type material there is also a female from Palmerlee, Arizona, in the National Collection. On account of its rubbed con- dition, however, I am not including it among the paratypes. S. skinnerana is a distinct and easily recognized species, readily separated on both pattern and genitalia from others in this genus. It is possible that it is (Semasia) Thiodia ochrocepJiala Walsingham. It matches the description very well. If so, Walsingham has failed to note the reduced venation. 7806—23 11 158 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4. SULEIMA LAGOPANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 296.) Steganoptycha lagopana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 71 ; Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1884, p. 145. Epinotia lagopana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5222, 1903. Enarmonia lagopana Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7149, 1917. Various things have been confused under this name and specimens of helianthana Eiley have more often than not been labeled lagopana. In the Kearfott collection there is a specimen of the true lagopana without locality label, but bearing Walsingham's name label. I have also seen three authentic specimens in the Fernald collection at Amherst from California, which had probably been submitted to Walsingham. Kearfott also had a specimen of lagopana from Phoenix, Arizona, under the name Eucosma canana Walsingham. Superficially it resembles the Eucosma canana group, but is easily separable on venation and it is quite distinct from all Suleima except haracana Kearfott. Male genitalia figured from specimen ?n National Collection from Southern Arizona ("Poling, Sept. 1900"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum and collection Barnes : California (?) and Arizona. Alar expanse.—16-22 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type of locality.—Colusa County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 5. SULEIMA BARACANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 297.) Thiodia baracana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 43. Thiodia caracana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 43. Thiodia oxyleuca Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Thiodia famosa Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Eucosma iaracana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7107, 1917. Eucosma caracana Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7108, 1917. Here Kearfott has copied Walker and described the same insect under two different names on the same page. We thus get rid of one of his " nonsense names," Eventually we shall probably be rid of both, as well as Mr. Meyrick's more elegant substitutes, for iara- cana is probably nothing but a color variety of lagopana Walsing- ham. It differs only in that the head is a trifle more ochreous, the dark costal strigulae of fore wings a trifle narrower, the dark areas more suffused and the white less prominent than in Walsingham's NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 159 species. They are variable forms, however, and in genitalia there is nothing to distinguish the two apart. I retain them as separate species for the present, pending some knowledge of their life history, but have little doubt but that they will eventually prove the same. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (Colo- rado "2133"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Colorado, Utah, California. Alar expanse.—15-22 mm. Types.—In American Musuem. Type localities.—Stoclrton, Utah (haracana) ; Denver, Colorado (cai'acana) . Food plant.—Unknown. 6. SULEIMA CINERODOESANA, new species. (Fig. 294.) Palpi, face and head white ; the outer sides of palpi faintly dusted with fuscous. Thorax dark brownish fuscous; tegulae shaded with white. Fore wing dark brownish fuscous with entire dorsal margin and ocelloid patch white and a few short white dashes on costa near apex ; along the entire length of dorsal edge of white dorsal strip, a series of small fuscous dots; ocellus with one or two longitudinal black streaks; cilia whitish heavily dusted with blackish fuscous especially above tornus. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous, darker towards outer margin and apex; cilia whitish with dark basal and subterminal bands. Genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—11.5-16 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24830 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Oak Station, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type, nine male and four female paratypes collected at Oak Station, Pennsylvania, by Fred Marloff and bearing various dates from July 26 to Aug. 15, one male paratype from Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania ("Henry Engel, VII-17-05"), and one male paratype from Cabin John Bridge, Maryland ("August Busck, Aug."), all from the Kearfott collection in the American Museum. A distinct easily recognized species which Kearfott recognized as new and had given the manuscript name " cinereadorsana^'^ but which he never described. 160 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11. SONIA, new genus. (Figs. 22, 291.) Genotype—Paedisca Gonstrictana Zeller. Fore wing smooth; termen markedly concave between 3 and 6; 11 veins; 7 and 8 united; 10 much nearer to 9 than to 11; 11 from well before middle of cell ; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11; 3, 4, and 5 approximate at termen; 2 straight; costal fold present in male. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 approximate at base, often anastamosing beyond cell ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia as in Eucosma except : Rudimentary clasper present on harpe (as in EpibleTna) ; socii short, rather broad in proportion to length (but not broadly trian- gular) . A derivative of Epihlema. KEr TO THE SPECIES OF 'SONIA. 1. Fore wing chocolate browu witli gray or grayish white markings ; hind wing brown with dark cilia (1) constrictana. Fore wing ochreous with ochreous fuscous, or white with dark grayish fuscous markings ; hind wing smoky fuscous with pale cilia 2 2. Paler areas of fore wing white (2) vovana. Paler areas of fore wing ochreous (3)filiaiia. 1. SONIA CONSTRICTANA (Zeller). (Figs. 22, 291.) Paedisca (?) constrictana Zeulee, Vehr. Zool. hot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 305.—Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 140'. EuGosnia constrictana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5125, 1903. — Keakfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 359. — Barnes and Mc- DuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6971, 1917. There is considerable variation in this species both in color and genitalia structure, the- head varying from dull dark fuscous to pinkish, the paler areas of fore wing from pale grayish fuscous to almost white. There is also considerable difference in the shape of the cucuUus of the harpe in different specimens. The differences do not seem constant enough, however, to enable specific or even distinct racial separation. In the hind wing veins 6 and 7 are normally closely approximate toward base, but some specimens show a slight anastomosing beyond the cell, and in a few the veins appear to be truly stalked. These venational differences do not correspond with differences in either genitalia or color. Zeller's species has been sometimes confused with Epihlema otio- sana Clemens and more often with Epinotia perplexana Fernald. There is no occasion for this, as its fore wing venation readily sepa- NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 161 rates it from both, and the last named (perplexana) has a very dis- tinctive vestigial character. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection, from Tryon, North Carolina ("Fiske, 8-8-04"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Florida, Texas, North Caro- lina, Kentucky, Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—11.5-16 mm. Type.—In Museum Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. 2. SONIA VOVANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 290.) Eticosma vovana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 33.— Barnes and McDtjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., No. 6961, 1917. Hendecaneura (?) fraternana Busck, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 15, 1907, p. 134. Eucosnia typicodes Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. Eucosina fraternana Barnes and McDunnottgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., No. 6939, 1917. In this species also 6 and 7 of hind wing are either approximate towards base of anastomase just beyond cell. There is no doubt of the synonymy of Busck's and Kearfott's species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Baboquavaria Mountains, Arizona (O. C. Poling, "July 15-1903"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Utah, Arizona and California. Alar expanse.—17-22 mm. Types.—In American Museum {vovana) ; in National Collection (fraternanaJ. Type localities.—Stockton, Utah (vovana) ; West Riverside, Cali- fornia (fraternana). Food pla7it.—Unknown. 3. SONIA FILIANA (Busck). (Figs. 11, 295.) Hendecaneura (?) filiana Busck, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 15, 1907, p. 135. Eucosma palousana Kearfott (not Kearfott), Tranp. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol 33, 1907, p. 34. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., No. 6940, 1917. The bulk of Kearfott's cotypes of palousana are this species. His type, as we have noted, is a true Eucosma. Kearfott also de- 162 BUIi,ETI]Sr 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM, termined a large series of filiana from San Diego, California, as Eucosma shastana Walsingham. In flliana veins 6 and 1 of hind wings are normally closely approximate towards base. In a very few specimens they anastomose for a very short distance just beyond the cell. Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Los Angeles, San Diego, and West Riverside, California. Alar expanse.—^20-25 mm. Ti/pe.—In National Collection. Type locality.—^West Eiverside, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 12. GENUS GYPSONOMA Meyrick. (Figs. 27, 27a, 64.) Genotype.— {Tortrix dealbana Frolich) Tortrix incarnana Ha- worth. Fore wing smooth; termen slightly concave between veins 3 and 6; 12 veins; 7 and 8 approximate; 10 from cell midway between 9 and 11 ; 11 from cell at or near middle ; upper internal vein of cell from between 9 and 10 ; 3, 4, and 5 separate or but slightly approxi- mate at termen ; 2 straight ; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 stalked, 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpes club shaped; normally with a pair of strong hair tufts from intersegmental area at base of tegumen; cucuUus moderate; rudimentary clasper present; neck smooth; sac- culus sparsely clothed with fine hairlike spines. Uncus absent. Socii broad, roughly triangular ; densely haired but without the beard-like tufts of Proteoteras. Gnathos greatly restricted and partially fused with socii. Aedoeagus moderately long; stout; cornuti a cluster of elongate spines. An offshoot from Epiblema. Closely related to Zeiraphera and Proteoteras. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GYPSONOMA. 1. Fore wing with no white or whitish areas beyond dark basal patch. (4) salicicolana. Fore wing with ground color beyond basal patch, white or whitish; or at least with a broad white fascia bordering the basal patch 2 2. White on fore wing confined to a broad fascia bordering the darli basal patch. (3) substitutionis. Apical third of fore wing whitish or heavily dusted with white 3 3. A well-defined and complete post median dark fascia on fore wing. (1) fasciolana. No well-defined post median dark fascia (2) haimbacliiana. NORTH AMERICAK EUCOSMINAE. 163 1. GYPSONOMA FASCIOLANA (Clemens). (Fig. 68.) Anchylopera fasciolana Clemens, Proc. Eut. Soc, Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 511. Penthina Uakeana Gkote, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 91. Steganoptycha fasciolana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 145. Epinotia fasciolana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5221, 1903. Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 253. Enarmonia fasciolana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7146, 1917. I am placing this species here with some hesitation, as the rudi- mentary clasper on the harpe is nearly obsolete and somewhat dif- ferently placed than in the other species. Otherwise, however, the structures agree, and there is no genus in which it fits as well as it does here. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from White Horse, Alaska (P. B. Clark). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Indiana, Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, British Columbia, Alaska. Alai" expanse.—13-18 mm. Types.—Lost ? {fasciolana) ; in British Museum {hlakeana) . Type localities.—New Brunswick, Maine [fasciolana) ; Pennsyl- vania {Uakeana). Food plant.—Unknown. 2. GYPSONOMA HAIMBACHIANA (Kearfott). (Figs. 27, 27o, 64.) Epinotia hairmbachiana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 51. Enarmonia haimbacJiiana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor, Amer., no 7148, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—13-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 3. GYPSONOMA SUBSTITUTIONIS, new species. (Fig. 67.) Palpi, face and head grayish fuscous. Fore wing dark brown with a moderately broad anti-median white fascia, the outer margin of which is somewhat irregular, projecting as a slight spur just above 164 BUKLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dorsum; ocellus consisting of two vertical bars of leaden scales in- closing three or four short black streaks or dots; from outer third of costa a narrow oblique band of lead colored scales extending to and joining the inner bar of the ocellus ; a few faint whitish strigulae on outer third of costa ; at apex a small round black dot ; cilia fuscous brown with a darker basal line. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia concolorous with a very fine whitish basal line. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12 mm. Type.—Q^X. No. 24831, U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Aweme, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type from Aweme, Manitoba ("Criddle. 2r-VII-05"—in National Collection. This is the species that has figured in our lists and been deter- mined in our collections as the European incarnana Haworth. It differs in genitalia (compare figs, 66, 67) as well as in pattern. The true incarnana has a distinct black spot on the disk and considerable whitish scaling on outer fourth of fore wing both of which are lack- ing in substitutionis. Moreover the latter has a black dot at apex which is entirely absent in the European species. The true incarnana probably does not occur in this country and should be dropped from our lists. 4. GYPSONOMA SALICICOLANA (Clemens). (Fig. 65.) Hedya salicicolana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pbila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 514. Hedya saliciana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 515. Epinotia salicicolana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5225, 1903. Epinotia saliciana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5226, 1903. Enarmonia salicicolana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7159, 1917. Enarmonia saliciana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7160, 1917. The genitalia of Clemens two species are alike in all details. There is some slight color differences, but they grade into each other through several specimens, and both have the same larval habit and food plants, being inquilin feeders in galls on Salix. They have also been reared, according to Kearfott,^'^ from larvae crumpling the young leaves. I have compared our specimens carefully with the types and have no hesitation in making the synonymy. Male genitalia figured from reared specimen {saliciana) in Na- tional Collection from Pleasantville, Indiana (" on willow," I. W. Spencer). " Insects of New Jersey, 1909, p. 544. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 165 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Miisemn, and collection Barnes: North Carolina, New Jersey, New Hampshire, District of Colmnbia, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, California. Alar expanse.—10-11 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science Philadelphia (salicicolana) ; in collection Fernald {saliciana) . Type locality.—Illinois. Food plant.—Salix. 13. Genus PROTEOTERAS Riley. (Figs. 7, 25, 299.) Genotype.—Proteoieras aesculana Riley. Thorax with a slight posterior tuft. Fore wing with three or four tufts of raised scales above dorsal margin (near lower margin of cell) in both sexes; termen concave between veins 3 and 6 ; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 separate ; 4 and 5 separate ; 10 from cell about midway between 9 and 11; 11 from cell just before middle ; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11 3, 4, and 5 closely approximate at termen ; 2 slightly bent up towards termen. No costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 closely approximate at base; 3 and 4 stalked; in male with costal hair pencil developed and often with a thickening of coarse black scales along costal margin (fig.T). Male genitalia with harpe elongate, narrow and with a row (3 to 5) of long, heavy, flattened spines on outer surface; cucullus reduced; sacculus fringed with long hairlike spines near base and with a cluster of short stout spines near incurvation of neck. Uncus rudimentary. Socii developed; fingerlike; short; with long hair pencil. Gnathos free (as in Eucosma). Aedoeagus short; straight; moderately stout; cornuti a cluster of elongate spines. Eighth abdominal segment slightly modified. A highly specialized genus showing in color, pattern, and geni- talia, a number of resemblances to Epinotia., but apparently derived through Zeiraphera and Gypsononia from the Epiblema-Eucosma stem. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROTEOTERAS. 1. Fore wing with ground color gray, olivaceous or bright green 3 Fore wing with ground color sordid white 2 2. Dark markings of fore wing blackish gray (6) arizonae. Dark markings of fore wing olivaceous (7) obnigrana. 3. Fore wing with ground color gray 4 Fore wing with ground color olivaceous or bright green 5 4. Fore wing unicolorous or with dark markings nearly obsolete. (2) willingana. Fore wing with broad black crescent band from mid costa to apex and with costal area enclosed within the crescent, ochreous (3) crescentana. 166 BUIXETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5. Fore wing v/ith a broad white band along costa and with white ocelloid patch (4) naracana. Fore wing without sucli G 6. Ground color of fore wing bright verdegris green ~(5) moffatiana. Ground color of fore wing olivaceous green (1) aesculana. KEY TO THE SPECIES ACCORDING TO SEX SCALING OF THE MALES. 1. No black sex scaling on either fore or hind wings (2) crescentana. More or less black scaling present, at least on hind wing 2 2. Sex scaling on underside of wings only 4 Sex scaling also present on upper side of hind wings 3 3. Sex scaling along costal edge and covering outer half of fore wing on under- side; outer two-thirds of underside of hind wing so scaled, except costal area above vein 8 ; entire upper surface of hind wing below vein 8 except extreme base heavily dusted with blackish fuscous \ ,„l arizonae. [ (7) obnigrana. Sex scaling limited to a heavy streak below costa on underside of fore wing and a black costal margin on upper and under side of hind wing. (1) aesculana. (2) willlngana. 4. A thin streak of black scaling along basal two-thirds of costal edge on under- side of hind wing; on underside of fore wing a faint longitudinal sub- costal streak near middle (4) naracana. Hind wings as above but no such scaling on fore wing (5) moffatiana. 1. PROTEOTERAS AESCULANA Riley. (Figs. 7, 25, 299.) Proteoteras aesculana Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 321.— Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7130, 1917. Proteoteras aesculanum Packaed, Fifth Report U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p. 655, — Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5219, 1903. The commonest and most widely distributed species in the genus, somewhat variable in size and color but easily distinguished by the characters given in the key. The larva bores in seeds, leaf stalks, and terminal twigs of horse chestnut and maple. In the National Collection we have series reared from both food plants. Male genitalia figured from reared specimens in National Col- lection from Missouri (Murtfeldt, "73 1," July 23, 1883). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Illi- nois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Mary- land, West Virginia, Oregon, California, Ontario, Vancouver Island, Manitoba. Ala?' expanse.—11-18 mm. Type.—In National Collection, Type locality.—Missouri. Food plants.—Acer, Aesculus. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMIITAE. 167 2. PROTEOTERAS WILLINGANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 302.) Proteopteryx wilUngana Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 306; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 89. — Baknes and McDxtnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7125, 1917. This is a true Proteoteras with the same sex scaling as aesculana and like that species in color except that the fore wings are gray without the distinctly greenish olivaceous cast of aesculana. One would naturally take it for a form or variety of Riley's species were it not for its different genitalia. The larva is a gall maker in terminal twigs and leaf steams of box elder. Male genitalia from specimen in National Collection from Cin- cinnati, Ohio ("A. F. Braun, VI-1-05"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia, Saskatche- wan, North Dakota, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Maryland, Dis- trict of Columbia. Alar expanse.—15-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Eegina, Saskatchewan. Food plant.—Negundo aceroides. 3. PROTEOTERAS CRESCENTANA Kearfott. (Fig. 301.) Proteoteras crescentana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 49. — Baenes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7132, 1917. Easily distinguished by the heavy black crescent shaped band from mid costa to apex of fore wing and the distinctly ochreous color of the costal patch enclosed within the crescent. There is considerable variation in the genitalia between eastern and northwestern speci- mens suggesting two possible races but no corresponding color or pattern differences. In the National Collection we have a speci- men from Manhattan, Kansas, reared from box elder, and in the American Museum there is one from Regina, Saskatchewan, labeled " ex. pupa, in maple stem." Male genitalia figured from type. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Maryland, Ohio, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, South Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Ala7' expanse.—16-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Plummer Island, Maryland. Food plants.—Acer and Negundo. 168 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4. PROTEOTERAS NARACANA Kearfott. (Fig. 304.) Proteoteras naracana Keaefott, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 50.— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7134, 1917. Proteoteras praesinospila Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. A species easily distinguished by its olivaceous green fore wing^ with white ocelloid patch, broad white band along upper third of wing, distinct black spot on upper margin of ocellus and the sharply pointed rudimentary uncus of its genitalia. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania (F. Marloff, " V-25-1912 ") . Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin, Alar expanse.—16-22 mm. 2'ype.—In American Museum. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 5. PROTEOTERAS MOFFATIANA Fernald. (Fig. 303.) • Proteoteras moffatiana Fernald, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 16. — ^Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7135, 1917. A striking species at once to be recognized by the bright verdegris green of its fore wings. Male genitalia from specimen in National Collection from Pough- keepsie. New York (H, G. Dyar, "no. 2182"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, "Wisconsin. Alar expanse.—14—20 mm. Type.—In collection Fernald. Type locality.—London, Ontario. Food plant.—Unknown. 6. PROTEOTEaAS ARIZONAE Kearfott. (Fig. 300.) Proteolerxis orteonce . Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 48.— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7131, 1917. This is a grayish western form, the males of which can be recog- nized by the diffused dark sex scaling on underside of both fore and hind wings. The only thing like it is the following species, which may be but an extreme eastern varietj^ Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Mesilla, New Mexico (Cockerell). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 169 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Arizona, New Mexico, Colo- rado, Alar expanse.—17-20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. T)/p>e locality.—Prescott, Arizona. • Food plant.—Unknown. 7. PROTEOTERAS OBNIGRANA, new species. (Fig. 305.) Like arizonae Kearfott except dark marking of fore wing oliva- ceous rather than fuscous gray. Fore wing sordid white with oliva- ceous basal patch and somewhat broken outer fascia from middle of costa to anal angle, an olivaceous shade below costa near apex and a thin, irregular broken line of black scales from middle of wing curv- ing up to apex (as in aesculana) . Sex scaling of male on under side of fore wing and on upper and undersides of hind wing as in arizonae. Cilia of hind wing white. Legs whitish dusted with blackish fuscous. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—16 mm. Type.—C^t. No. 24832 U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Dublin, New Hampshire. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type collecte.d by August Busck at Dublin, New Hampshire. I would take this for an eastern race of arizonae Kearfott except for its genitalia. The cucuUi of the harpes of the two are differ- ently shaped, and the differences are considerably more than could be looked for in one species. Those of ohnigrana are quite similar to aesculana Riley which the moth otherwise much resembles. Its dif- fused male sex scaling, however, easily rules it out of aesculana. 14. Genus ZEIRAPHERA Treitschke. (Fig. 28.) Genotype.—Tortrix corticana Hiibner {=^cor)imunana Curtis). Thorax smooth. Fore wing smooth; termen straight (very slightly concave be- tween veins 3 and 6 in claypoleana) ; 12 veins ; T and 8 closely ap- proximate or connate ; 10 remote from 9 ; 11 from well before middle of cell ; upper internal vein of cell from betweeii 10 and 11 ; 3, 4, and 5 separate at termen (very slightly approximate in claypoleana) 2 slightly bent up toward termen ; no costal fold in male. 170 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 closely approximate at base; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpe sickle shaped; neck densely spined; cucullus large; sacculus reduced, not strongly spined. Uncus rudi- mentary. Socii developed; broad in proportion to their length; roughly triangular. Gnathos free; weak. Aedoeagus short; straight ; moderately stout ; cornuti a cluster of elongate spines. A small genus, most of the species of which are feeders on coni- ferous trees. The spining on the neck of the harpe is appreciable in all the species, but in the genotype and in ratzehurgiana it is less dense and more hair like than in the other species. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ZEIRAPHERA. 1. Termen of fore wing vertical, slightly concave; dark markings shaded with greenish olivaceous (1) claypoleana, Termen of fore wing slanting and straight, not concave; no shading of greenish olivaceous on fore wing 2 2. Lighter area of fore wing ferruginous ochreous (2) ratzehurgiana. Lighter area of fore wing gray or grayish white 3 3. Median pale area of fore wing narrow, and no wider on dorsum than costa. (4) fortunana. Median pale area of fore wing wide, and wider on dorsum than costa. (3) diniana. 1. ZEIRAPHERA CLAYPOLEANA (Riley). (Fig. 285.) Proteotcras (?) claypoleana Riley, Amer. Nat., 1882, p. 913. Steganoptycha claypoleana Claypole, Psyche, vol. 3, 1882, p. 364.— Riley, Papilio, vol. 3, 1883, p. 191.—Packard, Fifth Report U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p. 654.—LiNTNEB, Rept. N. Y. State Ent, vol. 12, 1897, p. 214, Sericoris instrutana Claypole (Not Clemens), Proc. Amer. Assn. Adv. Sci., vol, 30, 1881, p. 269 ; Amer, Nat., vol. 15, 1881, p. 1009. Epinotia claypoleana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5232, 1903. Enarmonia claypoleana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7156, 1917, This species is placed here provisionally. In genitalia structure it is true Zeivapkera while in wing shape, pattern, color and larval habit it would go better with Profeoteras than with the coniferous feeders that constitute the typical ZeirapTiera. It is in fact a primi- tive Proteoteras that has not yet developed the advanced genitalia or secondary sexual characters and forms the link between Zeiraphera and Proteoteras. It should rightly have a separate generic designa- tion ; but I have been unable to find a character to separate and dis- tinguish it. For the present it may remain in Zeiraphera with which it has many affinities. It certainly can not be included in Proteoteras as it possesses none of the structural characters that definitely char- acterize that group. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 171 The larva bores in the leaf-stalks and feeds on the leaves and flowers of the common buckeye. We have also in the National Collection a couple of specimens labeled as reared from chestnut (E. A. Schwarz, Victoria, Texas). Male genitalia figured from reared specimen in the National Collec- tion from Eiley's type series ("360L"). Distribution according to specimens in the National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes : Ohio, Missouri, Texas. Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Ohio. Food plant.—Aesculus glabra. 2. ZESRAPHERA RATZEBURGIANA (Ratzeburg). (Fig. 286.) Tortrix ratzeburgiana Ratzebueg, Forst, Ins., vol. 2, 1840, p. 217. Steganoptycha ratzMirgiana Fernald, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1884, p. 378. — Packard, Fifth Report, U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p. 845.—Statjdingeb and Rebei,, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 1983, 1901. Epinotia ratzenhurgiana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no 5233, 1903. Enarmonia ratzebvrgiana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7157, 1917. Eatzeburg, not Saxesen, is really the author of this name, and it should be credited to him as is done by Staudinger and Eebel. The species is an introduced one in this country, but is apparently well distributed through the spruce regions of the Northern States and Canada. The larva is an external feeder on the leaves. Male genitalia figured from reared specimens in the National Col- lection from Hoquiam, Washington (on Picea stichensis, Burke, col- lector, Hopk. U. S. no. 4:026a). Distribution according to specimens in the National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes: Maine, Washington, Ontario. Ala7" expanse.—12-15 mm. Type.—Unknown. Type locality.—^Germany. Food plants.—Abies, Picea. 3. ZEIRAPHERA DINIANA (Guenee). (Fig. 287.) SjJJialeroptera diniana Guenee, Ind. Microlep., 1845, p. 33. Grapholitha pinicolana Zellee, Isis, 1846, p. 242. Stegenoptycha diniana Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 1977, 1901. Epinotia pinicolana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5229, 1903. Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 89. Cydia pseudotsugana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 110. 172 BUIiETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. TJiiodia pseudotsugana Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 927. Epinotia pseudotsugana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905', pp. 89, 253. Enarmonia pseudotsugana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7143, 1917. Enarmonia pinicolana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7144, 1917. Kearfott's pseudotsugana is plainly a synonym of pinicolana Zeller. The character he gives for separating the two (that is, whether the dark markings incline to lead gray or brown) is by no means constant. Authentic European specimens of picicolana show considerable variation and the typical pseudotsugana is included in its forms. There are no appreciable genitalia differences in the two. The reference of pinicolana as a synonym of diniana Guenee I have accepted on the authoritj^ of the European lists. Male genitalia figured from specimens of pseudotsugana in National Collection from Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar " Coll. no. 30964.") Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Montana, New York, New Hampshire (Mt. Wash- ington.) Alar expanse.—15-21 mm. Types.—in collection Oberthiir ? {diniana) ; In British Museum i {pinicolana) ; In American Museum {pseudotsugana) . Type localities.—The Alps {diniana) ; Germany {pinicolana) ; Kaslo, British Columbia {pseudotsugana) . Food plants.—Pseudotsuga; (in Europe on Larix and AHes). 4. ZEIRAPHERA FORTUNANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 288.) Epinotia fortunana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 126. Enarmonia fortunana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7168, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Ontario, Canada. Alar expa')ise.^l'2r-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Ottawa, Canada. Food plant.—Unknown. 15. Genus EXENTERA Grote. (Figs. 30, 30a, 308.) Genotype.— {Exentera apriliana Grote) =Sciaphila improhana Walker. NOBTH AMERICAN" EUCOSMINAE. 173 Characters as in Gretchena except : Fore wing smooth; termen with a notch between veins 3 and 5. Male genitalia with cucuUus of harpe not reduced; lower outer margin of sacculus and lower inner margin of cucullus at incurva- tion of neck densely clothed with slender, short, black spines; no other strong lower marginal spines on cucullus; anal spine of cu- cullus weak. Socii broadly triangular; articulating with tegumen on a stem. Aedoeagus rather slender; articulation between annellus and aedoeagus moderate. A compact little genus closely related to Gretchena and apparently derived from the Ejnnotm stem. The genitalia of the different species are so much alike that it is extremely difficult to use these or- gans for specific differentiation. KEY TO THE SPECIES OP EXEXTBRA. 1. Fore wing whitish ochreous witli a large red-brown blotch on costa 2 Fore wing not so marked 3 2. Head cream white; pale area of fore wing witli a very few scattered darlc dots (8) costomaculana. Head sordid ochreous; pale area of fore wing finely lined and dusted with fuscous-ochreous (9) virginiana. 3. Fore wing with a distinct wavy, contrasted blaeli line from apex to middle of upper margin of cell 4 Fore wing without such 5 4. Fore wing with a broad clay colored shading over lower part of cell and a distinct line of black scaling along vein 2, ending in a black dot before ocellus (5) faracana. Fore wing without such ; or with black line over vein 2, diffused with other blackish scaling (4) haracana. 5. Fore wing with a complete, sharply contrasted dark basal patch and a com- plete, sharply defined post median fascia ; pale areas sharply defined (6) maracana. Fore wing with basal patch obsolete, poorly defined or more or less suffused with paler shadings ; post median fascia absent or broken below middle, if complete not sharply defined and contrasted; pale areas more or less suffused with darker scaling 6 6. Dark shading over ocelloid patch on fore wing semilustrous and somewhat bronzy (7) habrosana No definable dark shading over ocelloid patch or if present ochreous or fuscous, or ferruginous ochreous, not semilustrous or bronzy 7 7. Median dorsal area of fore wing sordid whitish or whitish ochreous ; ground color not slate gray (3) spoliana. Median dorsal area or fore wing pale slate gray; ground color pale slate gray 8 8. Fore wing not unicolorous ; a blackish fuscous spot on dorsum before ocellus and an indication of dark basal patch at least on dorsal margin near base. (1) improbana. Wing unicolorous or with darker markings almost obsolete. (2) var. oregonana. 7806—23 12 174 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1. EXENTERA IMPROBANA (Walker). (Figs. 30, 30a, 308.) {ioiaphila improbana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Brit Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 337. Paedisca diffinana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 378. TIcdya cressoniana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. PMla., vol. 3, 1864, p. 514. Exentera apriliana Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 227. — Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5208, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7111, 1917. Paedisca improMna Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 51. Eucosma impro'bana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5133, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6992, 1917. Proteopteryx cressoniana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5212, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7115, 1917. Specimens of both cressoniana Clemens and spoliana Clemens have been indiscriminately determined by Kearfott and others as impro- bana Walker. I have compared our material with Clemens's types and find no great difficulty in separating his two species. Both are variable and in genitalia structure very similar but there are con- sistent differences in pattern and color which will separate them. Clemens's type of cressoniana answering as it does in every detail to the descriptions of improl)ana as given by Walker and Walsinghaem, can hardly be anything but that species and I have no hesitation in making the synonymy. Under the name apriliana Grote two dif- ferent species have been confused. The greater number so de- termined are improhana Walker. A few of the smaller specimens are referable to the genus Epinotia. I am describing them elsewhere in this paper under the name Epinotia hicordana. The life history of improhana has not been worked out. We have in the National Museum two specimens reared by Doctor Dyar from larvae taken on oak (Bellport, Long Island) and it is very likely that that is its natural food plant and that its life history and habits are much the same as those of spoliana. The moths of both species are commonly taken together in early spring, appearing before the trees leaf out or just as the buds are opening. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from New York (" Comstock No. 177, Sub 1 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois, Missouri. Alar expanse.—15-21 mm. Types.—In British Museum {improlianxi., diifinana, apriliana) ; in Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia {cressoniana). NOETH AMEKICAN EUCOSMINAE. 175 Type localities.—St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson Bay {improhana and diffinana) ; Virginia {cressoniana) ; Albany, New York (apriliana). Food plant.—Oak. 2. EXENTERA IMPROBANA OREGONANA (Walsingham). (Pig. 309.) Semasia ? oregonana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 62. Proteopteryx oregonana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5211, 1903. — Baknes and McDunnough, Cl^eck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7114, 1917. Exentera apriliana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 253 (in part). I am retaining Walsingham's name as a racial designation, though in all probability oregonana is nothing but a color variety of im- prohana. On the whole, however, the western specimens are rather uniform. They differ from the eastern forms in that the contrasted markings are almost obsolete and the fore wings to the naked eye at least — practically unicolorous. An occasional specimen from Mani- toba is as plainly marked as any eastern improhana while not a few New York specimens of the latter grade into typical oregonana. The differences in the food plants of our reared specimens and the rather consistent uniformity of far western specimens suggest a distinct race. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings are either very short stalked or connate in both forms. Most of the specimens from Manitoba determined by Kearfott as apriliana Grote are referable to oregonana. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Aweme, Manitoba (" N. Criddle, 30-III-1918, reared from aspen poplar"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Athabasca, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—19-21 mm. Type.—In British Columbia. Type locality.—"Camp Watson, on John Day's River" (near Canyon City) , Oregon. Food plant.—Populus. 3. EXENTERA SPOLIANA (Clemens). (Fig. 310.) Hedya spoUana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 513. Proteopteryx spoliana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5214, 1903. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7121, 1917. Eucosma Jiaracana Busck (not Kearfott), Proc. Ent, Soc. Wasli., vol. 16, 1914, p. 150. 176 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, In the woods of the District of Columbia and neighboring regions this is our commonest moth in early spring. During late March and early April the adults fly in great numbers wherever chestnut abounds and during May the work of the larvae is quite noticeable. They make a very characteristic roll of the leaf from the tip inward, entering the ground when full fed, pupating in the .fall and emerg- ing as moths the following spring. The species is quite variable but apparently distinct from cressoniana. Busck, who has worked out the life history, confused it with haracana Kearfott ; but it does not agree with the type of that species. I have compared reared specimens from chestnut with Clemens's type in Philadelphia and they agree. In both the National Museum and the iVmerican Mu- seum there is a considerable series in which the dark marking of fore wings are distinctly ferruginous except for the outer dorsal margin of the basal patch which is blackish fuscous. This would appear to be a distinct species or race except for the fact that there are a few specimens that grade into the typical s^poUana. The reddish color may in fact be due to the action of the cyanide used in killing the moths. There is no difference in genitalia. While the favorite food plant seems to be chestnut, there is also a specimen in the National Collection from Missouri (coll. C. V. Riley) bred from a larva on maple. The note on the specimen gives a brief description of the larva and the life history and these agree with what we know of the chestnut form. Male genitalia figured from specimen in the National Collection from Falls Church, Virginia ("Heinrich, Apr. 8-1915 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Missouri. Alar expanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—In Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia. Type locality.—^Virginia. Food plant.—Chestnut, maple. 4. EXENTERA HARACANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 312.) Proteopteryx haracana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 46. — Barnes and McDunnoxjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7117, 1917. Proteopteryx resoluta Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This species and faracana are distinguished from the others in the genus by the well marked, fine wavy black line on fore wing from apex to middle of costal margin of cell. In addition to Kearfott's types and paratypes which were the only specimens properly determined by him as haracana I find a service from Lakewood, New Jersey, among liis unnamed specimens. In all NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 177 veins 7 and 8 of fore wing are either connate or closely approximate at base. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("F. Marloff, March 26-07"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Alar expanse.—13-17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Hunters Ridge, Pike County, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 5. EXENTERA FARACANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 311.) Proteopteryx faracana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 47. — Baenes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7119, 1917. Proteopteryx ultrix Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. Kearfott indicated that this might be a variety of spoliana Clemens. I am inclined to think it is only an extreme aberation, as I have seen one or two specimens of the true spoliana which approach it in pattern. There is no differences in genitalia between the two even in the size of the harpes. I have seen only the type of faracana., however, and until more specimens are recovered and something is known of its life history it will have to stand as a distinct species. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wing are closely approximate at base. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar eoapanse.—19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality—Scranton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 6. EXTENTERA MARACANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 313.) Proteopteryx niaracana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 46. Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7120, 1917. Proteopteryx praescripta Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This species is easily recognized from others in the genus by its clear cut grayish fuscous basal patch and unbroken postmedian fascia. The whitish areas of fore wing at middle and beyond the post median dark fascia extend unbrokenly from dorsum to costa and contain no traces of ochreous shading. Above ocelloid patch there is a grayish fuscous blotch which fuses with a similar dark shade along termen. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("F. Marloff, IV-14-12"). 178 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ' Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Ohio and Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—12-15 mm. Type.—^In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 7. EXENTEEA HABROSANA, new species. (Fig. 314.) Palpi, face, head, and thorax grayish fuscous with scale ends tipped with white giving them an ashy appearance. Fore wing ashy gray; a brownish-ochreous outwardly curved spot on dorsum near base; a similar smaller, fainter smear of color on dorsum just before tornus, sometimes connected with an indistinct band of the same color from outer third of costa, forming a rather obscure postmedian fascia ; but in average specimens this fuses into a dark shade which occupies most of the outer third of wing above the middle; these dark shadings have a semi-lustrous rather bronzy tint especially on outer part of wing; costa with four pairs of short, somewhat ob- scured, white geminate marks beyond middle; cilia whitish, dusted, lined and spotted with dark fuscous; ocelloid spot pale but not dis- tinctly marked. Hind wing very pale smoky fuscous; shining; cilia white with a dark basal band. Underside of fore wing pale shining fuscous with white geminations on outer half of costa dis- tinct. Underside of hind wing nearly white, slightly smoky, and with a satin sheen. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—18 mm. Type.—C?it. no. 24833 U. S. N. M. Paratypes.—National Colle,ction, American Musuem, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—San Diego, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and one male paratype from San Diego, California (" W. S. Wright," " 3-17-12 " and " 3-18-12 "), one male paratype from San Francisco, California, and one female paratype, without abdomen, labeled " California." A distinct, easily recognized species with veins 7 and 8 of fore wing connate or very closely approximate at base. 8. EXENTERA COSTOMACULANA (Clemens). (Fig. 315.) Anchylopera costomaculana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1860, p. 349. Batodes Upustulana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 316. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMmAE. 179 Proteopteryx costomaculana Febnald, iu Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5217, 1903. Enarmonia costomaculana Barnes and McDunnougii, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7139, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection, from Gowanda, New York C'W. Wild, VI-8-13"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : New York, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, Connecticut, Wisconsin. Alar expanse.—12>-1S mm. Type.—In Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia. Type locality.—Pennsylvania.? Food plant.—Unknown. 9. EXENTERA VIRGINIANA (Clemens). (Fig. 316.) Anchylop&'a virginiana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 512. Proteopteryx virginiana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no 5216, 1903. Enarmonia virginiana Baenes and McDunnough, Checli List Lepid. Bor. AmtT., no. 7138, 1917. Very close to costomaculana Clemens, but apparently distinct. In both species 7 and 8 of fore wing are connate or closely approximate at base. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from New Brighton, Pennsylvania. ("H. D. Merrich, 3-19-02.") Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—18-19 mm. Type.—Lost ? Type locality.—Virginia. Food plant.—'Unknown. 16. GRETCHENA, new genus. (Figs. 14, 31, 317.) Genotype.—Hedya deludana Clemens. Fore wing with slight tufts of raised scales above dorsal margin ; termen deeply concave between veins 3 and 6 or with a notch between veins 3 and 5 ; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 approximate, connate, or stalked ; 10 from cell midway between 9 and 11 ; 11 from cell at or close to mid- dle ; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11 ; 3, 4, and 5 closely approximate at termen ; 2 appreciably bent up toward termen no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 closely approximate toward base 3 and 4 stalked. 180 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Male genitalia with harpe simple ; cucullus moderate, with spined area reduced and with strong anal and lower marginal spines; sac- culiis with a dense clothing of long, hairlike spines, especially toward neck. Uncus absent. Socii developed; set close together near apex of tegumen; strongly chitinized; elongately triangular; porrected (that is, projecting caudally or at right angles from tegumen). Gnathos weak; greatly restricted and partially fused with socii. Aedoeagus long, stout, tapering; supporting arm of annellus slender and long with stout articulation to aedoeagus; cornuti a cluster of elongate spines. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GRETCHENA. 1. Fore wing with ocelloid spot wliite and sharply contrasted against ground color 2 Fore wing without ocellus, or with ocelloid patch not white or sharply con- trasted against ground color 3 2. Dark ground color of fore wing shading to ferruginous brown toward apex. (4) dulciana. Dark ground color blackish fuscous without admixture of ferruginous brown (3) watchungana. 3. Dark and pale areas of fore wing fusing; no sharply defined black scaling or other markings in apical third ; no indication of an ocellus or any whitish streak in cilia below apex (8) blangulana. Fore wing with dark and pale shadings contrasted ; ocelloid patch at least indicated ; cilia with a whitish dash below apex 4 4. Fore wing with no crescent or blotch of contrasting scaling above ocelloid patch . (2) concubitana. Fore wing with crescent or blotch of black scaling above ocelloid patch 5 5. Ground color and major part of fore wing very pale ashy gray 7 Ground color dark gray or, if pale, with the dark scaling occupying major portion of wing 6 6. Subcostal area of fore wing suffused with dark scaling; basal patch com- plete (6) amatana. Subcostal area pale to base, obliterating basal patch above cell. (7) delicatana. 7. Black scaling above ocellus fusing with a black dash at apex and a black streak along upper outer margin of cell, forming a continuous wavy black line (5) 'bolliana. Black line above ocellus curving down to lower middle of wing, not fusing with the black streak on upper outer margin of cell (1) deludana, 1. GRETCHENA DELUDANA (Clemens). (Figs. 14, 31, 317.) Hedya deludana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 513. Proteopteryx deludana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5213. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7116, 1917. Steganoptyclia diludana Keaefott, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 173. In our economic literature this insect has been often recorded as a pecan feeder on account of its confusion with Gretchena hoUiana Slingerland. Its northern distribution, however, would seem, to NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 181 exclude that tree. It is in all probability a hickory insect, but its exact food plant has not been determined. Its pale grey color with contrasted and hroken black streaking and its caudally projecting socii (easily mistaken for a divided uncus and looking like nothing so much as the frame of a lyre) coupled with its narrow harpes readily separate it from anything else in the genus. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings are normally short stalked but occasionally connate and in a few specimens approximate at base. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Plummer Island, Maryland (E. A. Schwarz, Apr. 28, 1903). . Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Vir- ginia, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—14^17 mm. Type.—Lost (?). Type locality.—Virginia. Food plant.—Unknown. 2. GRETCHENA CONCUBITANA, new species. (Fig. 318.) Pale slate gray heavily dusted with grayish fuscous, except upper part of face which is dark brownish fuscous, giving insect generally a slaty fuscous color. Dark dustings on fore wing extending from base into a faint much elongated outwardly angulate basal patch reaching nearly to upper outer angle of cell; a similar faint dark spot on dorsum before tornus; a slight shading above ocellus and more or less dark dusting along costa ; hut no line or hlotch of hlach- ish scaling above ocelloid patch or in middle of wing; seven narrow faint white geminations on costa ; cilia dark slaty gray, paler toward tornus and with a fine white dash below apex; ocellus of the paler ground color but not sharply contrasted; underside of fore wing pale semi-lustrous fuscous brown, darker than hind wing and with the whitish costal geminations rather well marked. Plind wing glossy smoke brown, paler toward base ; cilia whitish with a distinct dark basal band. Male genitalia with socii projecting caudally from tegumen (as in deludana) ; harpe nearly half as broad as long and with cucullus no broader than middle of harpe. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. 2^2/pe._Cat. No. 24834 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection and American Museum. Type locality.—Monticello, Florida. Food plant.—Hicoria. Described from male type reared from Hickory under Quaintance no. 12822 by J. B. Gill (at Monticello, Florida, moth issuing March 182 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15, 1914) and one male and one female paratype from New Brighton, JPennsylvania (H. D. Merrick, "4-27-03" and "5-2-03"). The species is distinct from the others in the genus on both geni- talia and slight but constant color characters. In genitalia it most resembles deludana, from which it is distinguished by its broad harpes. Unlike all but hiangulana Walsingham it has no blackish mark or shading on fore wing over the ocellus. From 'biangula/na it is distinguished by the greater contrast of its light and dark mark- ings. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings are stalked. 3. GRETCHENA WATCHUNGANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 326.) Epinotia watchungana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 81. Enarmonia watchungana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7167, 1917. This and the following species are distinguished from the others in the genus by their whitish ocelloid patches, sharply contrasting with the dark ground color of the fore wings. The two species {luatchungana and dulciana) are easily separated by genitalia and the characters given in the key. In both species veins 7 and 8 of fore wings are stalked. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (" Essex County Park, N. J., Kearfott, 4^21-1900 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes : New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—12-16 mm. Type.—^In American Museum. Type locality.—Essex County Park, New Jersey. Food plant.—Unknown. 4. GRETCHENA DULCIANA, new species. (Fig. 327.) Palpi, face, head, and thorax brown with a very slight dusting of grayish-white scaling on head and thorax ; inner sides of palpi whit- ish. Fore wing brown with white ocelloid patch, a couple of short, distinct, germinate white dashes on costa near apex, a slight dusting of white and black scaling and a more diffused shading of semi-lus- trous lead scales ; cilia fuscous dusted with black except at anal angle, where they are white. Hind wing dark, smoky fuscous ; cilia paler with a dark basal band. Like loaichungana Kearfott, except that dark ground color of fore wing is ferruginous brown, especially in apical half, rather than blackish and that it lacks any indication of a whitish, mid-dorsal patch. In watchungana also the hind wing is much paler, almost transparent towards base and there is no trace of NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 183 leaden scaling on the fore wing. The two species differ markedly in the shape of the harpes of the male genitalia. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—13-15 mm. Tyfe.—Q2ii. No. 24835 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Greenwood Lake, New Jersey. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and one male paratype from Greenwood Lake, New Jersey ("Kearfott, June"), one female paratype from Plummer Island, Maryland (" Busck, July"), one female paratype from Montclair, New Jersey (" Kearfott, June ") , and one female paratype from the Grote and Robinson collection of the American Museum without locality label ("No. 137"). These specimens had been confused by Kearfott with Epiblema ohruptana Walsingham, and formed part of the series of that species in the National Collec- tion and the American Museum collections. It is quite distinct from the true abruptana^ however, both on structural and superficial characters. 5. GRETCHENA BOLLIANA (Slingerland.) (Fig. 322.) Steganoptt/cha bolliana Slingekland, Rural New Yorker, June, 1896, p. 401.— Keaefott, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 173. Protcopteryx holUana Gill, Farmers' Bull., no. 843, U. S. Dept. Agr., 1917, p. 25. This species is known in economic literature as the " Pecan Bud- Moth." Pecan appears to be its favorite food plant, the larvae feed- ing upon the buds and leaves and often doing considerable damage to young orchards. It has also been occasionally reared from Hick- ory/, and in the National Collection there are several specimens labeled " from Walnut." Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. Male genitalia from specimen in the National Collection reared from pecan under Quaintance no. 12827 (Lafayette, Louisiana. "X-1-1914"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Florida, Texas, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania. District of Co- lumbia, New Jersey, Illinois. Alar expanse.—16-18 mm. Type.—In collection Cornell University. Type locality.—Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Food plant.—Pecan, hickory, walnut. 184 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6. GRETCHENA AMATANA, new species. (Fig. 319.) A dark grayish fuscous species powdered and marked with ashy gray and blackish scales, the paler areas having a somewhat ochreoiis tint especially towards costal margin of fore wing. Fore wing with a distinct, outwardly angulate, dark basal patch ; on middle of dorsal margin a somewhat irregular pale blotch, in some specimens extend- ing from basal patch almost to ocellus ; ocellus pale but not sharply contrasted; above ocellus a crescent of black scales, often fusing with a short black streak on upper outer edge of cell, forming with it what looks like a thin black sickle ; cilia gray dusted with blackish fuscous, somewhat paler at anal angle and with one or two pale dashes below apex. Hind wing smoky fuscous; semilustrous ; cilia but slightly paler with a faint dark basal band. Harpe of genitalia with a row of 6 or 7 short stiff marginal spines on lower margin near anal angle of cucullus. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24836 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Oak Station, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 3 male and 1 female paratypes from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("F. Marloff, May"), 2 male and 4 female paratypes from New Brighton, Pennsylvania (" H. D. Mer- rick, May-June"), 1 male and 1 female paratypes from Hampton, New Hampshire (" S. A. Shaw, June"), 1 male paratype from Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania ("H. Engel, June 8-05"), and 1 male paratype from Jefferson County, West Virginia (Kearfott, " VIII-1 ") out of a large series from the American Museum collection that had been set aside as a new species by Kearfott under the manuscript name amatana, here adopted. Other specimens in the National Collection and American Museum collections from New Jersey and Massachu- setts. This species is at once distinguished from all others in the genus, but delieatana Heinrich by the shape of the cucullus of the male genitalia and from the latter by its broader wings, more sordid coloring, and the number of marginal spines before anal angle of cucullus. This latter character seems constant. The color and pat- tern is somewhat variable. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wins; connate. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 185 7. GRETCHENA DELICATANA, new species. (Fig. 320.) Like amatana but with narrower fore wings and a cleaner looking more diffused and more whitish gray powdering on fore wing, the pale suffusion extending along costa to base and breaking the basal patch ; the longitudinal black scaling also forms more of a continued narrow line from apex to well back on upper margin of cell, not forming so sickle shaped a mark as in anudana. Hind wing also paler, especially toward base. Genitalia as in ainatana except with fewer marginal spines on harpe near anal angle (1 to 5) and always more on one harpe than the other. The termen of fore wing has also more of a notch at vein 4, approaching the decided notch of Exentera. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wing connate. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14—16 mm. Type.—C^it. No. 24837 U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—Oak Station, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 4 male and 3 female paratypes from Oak Station, Pennsylvania (Fred Marloff, April-May), 1 male paratype from Beaver County, Pennsylvania (Kemp, May), 1 male and 2 female paratj^pes from Essex County Park, New Jersey (Kear- fott, May), 1 female paratype from Montclair, New Jersey (Kear- fott, May), and 1 female paratype from New Brighton, Pennsyl- vania (H.D. Merrick, May), out of a series in the National Collection and the American Museum that had been determined as Exentera liaracana Kearfott and placed by him with his types of that species. Superficially the two are much alike but haracana has not the white dash in cilia of fore wing below apex so characteristic of most Gretchena. 8. GRETCHENA BIANGULANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 321.) ^teganoptycha Mangulana Walsingham, IIlus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 71. Epinotia hiaiigulana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5230, 1903. Enaromnia Mangulana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7154, 1917. This species is easily recognized by its almost uniform gray-brown color and the washed out almost obsolete character of the dark markings, the pale and dark shades fusing together and the pale dorsal area of fore wing more indicated than sharply defined. There 186 BUULETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. is no ocellus. The termen of fore wing is more decidedly slanting than in any other species in the genus and veins 7 and 8 are closely approximate at base, not stalked or connate. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Los Angeles, California. Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes from California. Alar expanse.—17-21 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Crooked Eiver, near Klamath Lakes, southern Oregon. Food plant.—Unknown. 17. GRISELDA, new genus. (Figs. 36, 329.) Genotype.—Paedisca radicana Walsingham. Fore wing smooth; termen concave between veins 3 and 5; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 approximate ; 10 remote from 9 but rather nearer to 9 than to 11 ; 11 from before middle of cell ; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11 ; 3, 4, and 5 only slightly approximate at termen ; 2 very slightly bent up toward termen ; costal fold present in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia as in Epinotia except : Uncus bifurcate with arms short and widely separated. Aedoeagus short and stout. A derivative of Epinotia. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GRISELDA. 1. Fore wing blackish fuscous with entire dorsal margin white, spotted with black (2) pennsylvaniana. Fore wing ochreous fuscous or pale gray ; otherwise marked 2 2. Ground color of fore wing ochreous fuscous; dark markings blackish. (3) gemlae. Ground color pale ashy gray ; dark markings ferruginous brown. (1) radicana. 1. GRISELDA RADICANA (Walsingham). (Figs. 36, 329.) Paedisca radicana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 53. Eucosma radicana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5113, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6948, 1917. This species does not seem to have been knovvai to our Lepidop- terists, for the specimens I have seen were either unnamed or wrongly NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 187 determined. In the Kearfott collection I found one from Victoria, British Columbia, under the name scalana Walsingham and three among- the duplicates, labeled as reared from spruce. We have also in the National Collection several collected specimens received from E. H. Blackmore (Victoria, British Columbia) and one specimen from Seaview, Washington, reared from larva feeding on leaves of spruce (Quaintance no. 15564: H. K. Plank, collector; moth issued " VII-3-1918 "). All these answer in detail to Walsingham's de- scription and figure. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from British Columba. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia and Wash- ington. Alar expanse.—13-15 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type localUy.—Rouge River, Oregon. Food plant.—Spruce. 2. GRISELDA PENNSYLVANIANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 328.) Proteoteras alMcapitana pennsylvaniana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 48. Enarmonia pennsi/lvaniana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepld. Bor. Amer., no. 7141, 1917. Kearfott named this as a variety of {ProteoteixLs) Epinotia al- hicapita/na, and a specimen in the Fernald collection from Dallas, Texas, is so labeled in his handwriting. Superficially it does look very much like a small race of that species, but in structure is quite different. We have in the National Collection two specimens from Forest Hills, Massachusetts, and one from Missouri. The Fernald collection in addition to the specimen determined by Kearfoot also possesses a male—without label, but presumably from Dallas, Texas. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Forest Hills, Massachusetts ("Wm. Reiff, 14-IV-1910"). Alar expanse.—15.5-17 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Type locality.—^New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 3. GRISELDA GERULAE, new speciss. (Fig. 324.) Antennae, palpi, upper face and head very pale grayish fuscous; antennae faintly barred with black above; lower face white. Fore wing pale dull ochreous fuscous ; a white patch on middle of dorsal 188 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. margin followed and preceded by a faint shading of blackish fus- cous ; from middle of costa a somewhat irregular curved line of black scales extending to upper outer angle of cell and thence up to apex ; costal area enclosed within this black arc, of the pale ground color marked by three rather conspicuous black dashes; costa otherwise very faintly strigulated with blackish fuscous ; ocelloid patch nearly obsolete, indicated only by two very faint, vertical leaden bars ; cilia dark brownish fuscous with a darker basal band and a whitish patch at anal angle. Hind wing very pale smoky fuscous; cilia sordid whitish with a smoky basal band. Male genitals of type figured. Alar expanse.—1T.5-I8mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratype.—Cdit. no. 24838 U.S.N.M. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and female paratype from the Ameri- can Museum collection collected by H. D. Merrick ("3-26-02") and labeled "taken in coitu." In genitalia this species belongs with the foregoing two and all three have the characteristic harpe structure of Epinotia^ showing their derivation from that genus; but while pennsylvaniana and radicana also have the Epinotia wing pattern, gerulae has distinctly that of Gretchena or Exentera. It might easily be mistaken for one or the other on superficial appearance were it not for its decided costal fold. There is also a faint indication of raised scaling on the fore wing as in Gretchena. 18. GWENDOLINA, new genus. (Figs. 32,323.) Genotype.—Gwendolina concitatricana., new species. Fore wing very slightly rough scaled; termen with a notch at vein 4; 12 veins; T, 8, 9 approximate at base; 10 from cell midway between 9 and 11 ; 11 from cell slightly before middle ; upper inter- nal vein of cell from between 10 and 11 ; 3, 4, and 5 closely approxi- mate at termen; 2 appreciably bent at 2/3; costal fold present in male. Hind wings with 8 veins; 6 and 7 closely approximate toward base; 3 and 4 connate (in some specimens very short stalked). Male genitalia as in Gretchena except : Socii not strongly chitinized nor elongately triangular but broad as long, almost circular. The males also have an additional character in that there is a heavy black sex scaling on the upper surface of the abdomen, on NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMHSTAE. 189 upper surface of inner margin of hind wing and along the upper and lower margins of the cells on the underside of both fore and hind wings. I make this genus with considerable reluctance, but there is no other way possible. In hind wing venation it should fall into the Olethreutinae, but the notched termen of fore wing and the genitalia as well as the pattern shows it to be a primitive Gretchena derived from the stem of Epinotia and still retaining a strong costal fold. In genitalia it differs from Gretchena only in having broader, shorter, more wealdy chitinized socii. GWENDOLINA CONCITATRICANA, new species. (Figs. 32, 323.) Antenna fuscous brown; basal joint black on inner side. Palpi, upper face, head and thorax sordid fuscous; inner sides of palpi sordid whitish; lower face dirty ochreous white. Fore wing sordid ochreous-fuscous marked with black scaling; a faint indica- tion of a dark basal patch chiefly determined by a blotch of black scaling in cell near base of wing; over ocelloid patch a streak of black scaling connecting with a similar short streak on outer upper margin of cell; on outer half of costa four or five short blackish fuscous dashes, that at apex most conspicuous; ocellus indicated by a paler square of the ground color; a similar pale spot on dorsum before tornus; cilia dark fuscous with a couple of very faint pale dashes below apex. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia smoky with a pale median shade and a very fine pale line at base. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. Type.—Q^X. No. 24839, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Tyjye locality,—Kerrville, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 4 female paratypes from Kerrville, Texas (F. C. Pratt, June and July) ; one male paratype from Hazle- ton, Pennsylvania ("T-22-06") ; one male paratype from Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania (" 5-1 ") ; and one female paratype from Jeffer- son County, West Virginia (W. D. Kearfott, "VIII-1"). The last three are from the Kearfott duplicates ; one of these he had set aside as representing a new genus. 19. Genus CROCIDOSEMA Zeller, (Figs. 10, 29, 29a, 325.) Genotype.—Crocidosema pleheiana Zeller. Fore wing smooth; termen notched between veins 3 and 5; 12 veins; 7 and 8 closely approximate; 10 from cell midway between 7806—23 13 190 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 and 11 ; 11 from cell just before middle ; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11; 3, 4 and 5 closely approximate at termen; 2 straight; costal fold of male present. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 closely approximate towards base ; 3 and 4 stalked ; in the male a conspicuous hair tuft from lower median vein at base of cell. Male genitalia with a row of long stout spines (2-3) on outer surface of harpe near apex; cucullus irregularly trigonate, large; neck smooth, sacculus densely clothed with long hair-like spines. Uncus present; weak; slender; moderately long. Socii broadly triangular. Gnathos greatlj^ reduced; partially fused with socii. CROCIDOSEMA PLEBEIANA Zeller. (Figs. 10, 29, 29a, 325.) Crocidosema plebemna Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 721. — Staudingek and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 1968, 1901.—Heineich, Journ. Agr. Res., voL 20, 1921, p. 822. Encosma plebeiana Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Amer. Lepid. Heter., a-oI. 4, 1914. pp. 231-232. This widely distributed species is the only one of the genus to be found in our fauna. Crocidosema marcidellMin Walsingham from Hawaii is congeneric and resembles plebeiana very strongly in both pattern and genitalia. Busck's lantana^ also from Hawaii, and de- scribed by him as a Crocidosema is, however, an Epinotia with the typical Epinotia genitalia. The larva of pleheiana is a feeder in the seeds, fruits and flowers of various malvaceae with habits much the same as those of the Pink Bollworm {Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders). There are considerable differences in color and pattern between the males and females. In the latter the fuscous basal patch does not extend to the costa and the greater part of the wing above the fold is ochreous, while in the male the entire wing above the middle is shaded with brownish fuscous. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from San Diego, California ("W. S. Wright, 9-30-1911"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : California and Texas. Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. Type.—Location unknown. Type locality.—Syracuse, Sicily. Food plants.—Various Malvaceae., Crataegus. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 191 20. NORMA, new genus. (Pigs. 33, 414.) Genotype.—Epinotia dietsiana Kearfott. Fore wing smooth; termen deeply concave just below apex (be- tween veins 5 and 6); apex pointed but not falcate; 12 veins; 7 and 8 closely approximate; 10 from cell rather nearer to 9 than to 11; 9 approximate to 8; 11 from middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell from between 9 and 10; 3, 4 and 5 closely approximate at termen; 2 bent up slightly toward termen; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpe simple; several very long spines on cucullus arising near costal margin and neck of harpe; sacculus densely clothed with long hair-like spines. Uncus bifurcate; arms widely separated, weakly chitinized. Socii long; broad; ribbon- like. Aedoeagus straight; moderately long; stout. A monotypic genus closely related to Kundrya and Rhofobota. The three are probably derived from the Epinotia stem but in the development of the uncus are like nothing except perhaps Griselda. The socii and gnathos are more as we find them in Eucosma, NORMA DIETZIANA (Kearfott). (Figs. 38, 414.) Epinotia dietziana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 92. Enarmonia dietziana Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7141, 1917, I have reared this species from Ilex verticillata along with speci- mens of both Rhopobota ilioifoliana Kearfott and Kundrya fmti- muma Heinrich. The three are apt to be confused but can be easily separated on structural characters, the condition of veins 7 and 8 of fore wing being alone sufficient to distinguish them apart. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Hazleton, Pennsylvania (" 5/30 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Virginia, Indiana, Colorado. Alar expanse.—10-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum, Type locality.—Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Ilex vertidllata. 192 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21. KUNDRYA, new genus. (Figs. 8, 8a, 34,415.) Genotype—KuTidrya finitimana^ new species. Fore wing smooth; termen deeply concave between veins 5 and 6; apex pointed but not falcate; 11 veins; 7 and 8 united; 10 from cell midway between 9 and 11 ; 9 approximate to 8 ; 11 from middle of cell ; upper internal vein of cell from between 9 and 10 ; 3, 4, and 6 closely approximate at termen ; 2 bent up slightly toward termen ; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia as in Norma except only one long super spine from cucuUus of harpe near costal margin. Very close to No^ma^ from which it differs chiefly in having veins 7 and 8 of fore wing united, not separate. The difference in the number of super spines on cucullus is probably only a specific character. KUNDRYA FINITIMANA, new species. (Figs. 8, So, 34, 415.) Antennae, palpi, upper face, head, and thorax fuscous brown; the terminal fourth of antenna is somewhat paler and the inner sides of palpi and the lower part of face are sordid whitish. Fore wing fuscous brown shading to a more ferruginous brown toward apex and marked with sordid white; the dark scaling forming a distinct basal patch followed by a moderately broad whitish fascia ; ocelloid patch whitish, the inner bar suffused with leaden scaling; whitish median fascia and basal patch more or less streaked with lead-colored scales; in fresh specimens a black mark on disk, and in most speci- mens a round black dot at apex; cilia fuscous, somewhat suffused with whitish at tornus and with a black basal line, the latter most obvious at apex. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia slightly paler with a dark basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—1-10 mm. Type.—Q2ii. No. 24840, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes. Type locality.—Hampton, New Hampshire. Food plant.—Ilex verticillate. Described from male type and one male and one female paratype from Hampton, New Hampshire (S. A. Shaw; dated as follows: Type, " VI-11-1909 " ; male paratype, " VII-12-1909 " ; female, " VII-15-1913 ") and three male and one female paratypes from NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 193 Falls Church, Virginia (reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 12162, April 8 to 30, 1915, from larvae feeding on leaves of Ilex verticiUata^ Hein- rich, collector). The pupa is quite characteristic with large, protruding orange yel- low spiracles. 22. Genus RHOPOBOTA Lederer. (Figs. 6, 37, 416.) Genotype.—Tortrix naevana Hiibner. SynonTTiy,—Eud&mis Authors (not Hiibner). Fore wing smooth; termen deeply concave at 5 and 6; apex pointed but not falcate; 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked; 10 from cell mid- way between 9 and 11; 9 approximate to 8; 11 from cell at, or just before middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell nearly obsolete, from between 9 and 10; 3, 4, and 5 closely approximate at termen; 2 bent up slightly toward termen ; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate towards base ; 3 and 4 stalked; in male a shading of coarse black scales on underside of wing along upper vein of cell (fig. 6). Male genitalia with a row of stout spines on outer surface of harpe just above lower margin; rudimentary clasper present. Uncus bi- furcate; arms widely separated, rather short and weakly chitinized (slipper shaped). Gnathos reduced; fused with socii. Socii greatly developed; porrected (posteriorly projecting); ends of arms meet- ing in hairy knob-like projection. Aedoeagus straight; moderately long; fairly stout; cornuti a cluster of elongate spines. A distinct genus. Close to Norma and Kundrya but at once to be recognized by its peculiarly developed socii. RHOPOBOTA NAEVANA (Hubner). (Figs. 6, 37, 416.) Tortrix naevana Hubner, Samm. Eur. Schmet., Tort., 1914, p. 41, fig. 261. Rhopohota naevana Lederer, Wien. Ent. Monat., vol. 3, 1859, p. 366. — Staud- IN6EB and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2281, 1901. — Dampf, Iris, vol. 21, 1908, pp. 804-329.—Plank (and Heinrich), Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 1032, 1922. ? Sciaphila luctiferana Walicer, Cat. Lepid. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 342. Anchylopera vacciniana Packard, Guide Study, Ins. 1869, p. 338. Eudemis vacciniana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5238, 1903. — Barnes and McDtjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7172, 1917. The purely European synonymy is omitted from the above list. I have elsewhere noted the identity of our vacciniana with the European naevana and given full description of larva and pupa. In Europe the larva is reported as feeding on black thorn, holly, and 194 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vaccinium. In America it is best known as a pest of the cran- berry. Plank's bulletin gives the life history and our latest informa- tion regarding it. Male genitalia figured from reared specimens in National Collection from Nova Scotia (" on cranberry, U. S. Dept. no. 7168, issued 17 Aug. 1896"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Nova Scotia, Washington, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—10-14 mm. Types.—Location unknown {naevana) :, In British Museum {luc- tlferana) ; In Museum Comparative Zoology (vacciniana) . Type localities.—Europe {naevana) ; St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson Bay {luctiferana) ; Massachusetts {vacciniana). Food plant.—Cranberry. 2. RHOPOBOTA NAEVANA IIJCIFOLIANA (Kearfott). Epinotia ilidfoliana Keaefott, Bull, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol 23, 1907; p. 158. Proteoteryx ilicifoliana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7129, 1917. The genitalia of Kearfott's species are identical in all details with those of the true naevana and I do not think it is any more than a color variety or at most a food plant race. Eventually we shall probably have to refer it to the synonymy ; but until the larva is better known I prefer to hold the name as a racial designation. Kearfott's cotypes average appreciably paler than the general run of typical naevana^ but there is considerable variation in the latter even among specimens of the same locality reared from cranberry and the differences are by no means constant. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: North Carolina, New Jersey, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. , Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Black Mountains, North Carolina. Food plant.—Ilex verticillata. 23. Genus EPINOTIA Hubner. (Pigs. 38, 358.) Genotype.—Tortrix similana Hiibner. Synonyms.—1. Episagma Hiibner. Genotype.—Phalaena Tortrix solandriana Linnaeus. 2. Acalla Hubner. Genotype.—Tortrix opthalmicana Hiibner. 3. Evetria Hiibner. Genotype.—PJialaena Tinea tedella Clerck. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 195 4. Panoplia Hiibner. Genotype.— Plmlaena Tortrix cruciana Linnaeus. 5. Steganoptycha Stephens. Genotype.—Tinea nisella Clerck. 6. Pdedisca Treitschke. Genotype.—Tortrix Mluana Haworth. 7. Phlaeodes Guenee. Genotype.—Tortrix t etr aquetr ana Haworth. 8. Pamplusia Guenee. Genotype.—Tortrix mercuriana Hiibner (= TTionticolana Duponchel). 9. Proteopteryx Walsingham. Genotype.—Proteopteryx emar- ginanu Walsingham. 10. Catastega Clemens. Genotype.—Catastega timidella Clemens. Fore wing smooth (or but slightly rough scaled) ; termen straight, (?oncave between veins 2 and 6 or with a decided notch between veins 3 and 5 ; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 approximate, rarely connate or short stalked; 10 from about midway between 9 and 11; 11 from before middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell from between 10 and 11; 3, 4, and 5 separate or approximate at termen, closely approximate when termen is notched; 2 straight or slightly bent near termen; apex of wing blunt ; costal fold of male present or absent. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 approximate toward base; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpe simple; cucuUus variously shaped, sharply defined ; neck incurvation usually narrow and much reduced, when wide, neck not heavily haired or spined; sacculus with dense cluster of heavy short spines near neck incurvation or densely clothed with long slender spines. Uncus usually well developed and strong; simple or bifid; if reduced bifid and no broader than long. Socii greatly developed; if slender, strongly chitinized; nor- mally broadly triangular and densely haired, Gnathos reduced and partially fused with socii. Aedoeagus moderately long; straight; stout or slender but not needle like; comuti a cluster of elongate spines. The second large stem of the subfamily. Like Eucosma^ some- thing of a lump. The costal fold can not be used here except to divide the genus artificially, for its disappearance is so gradual that it is difficult in some cases to say whether it is or is not present. Furthermore there are no correlating characters in the genitalia to justif}' such a separation. It may be possible to hold Proteopteryx on the character of the notched fore wing but here also the genitalia seem to forbid such a splitting. My separation of the genus into two groups is simply a matter of convenience to enable easier placing and identification of the species and does not correspond to any natural division. 196 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPINOTIA. E. improviscuna, new species, described in Appendix, is not included in this key. Fore wing of Male with Costal Fold Group A. Fore wing of Male without Costal Fold Gkottp B. Group A. 1. Termen of fore wing straight or concave 2 Termen of fore wing with a decided notch 38 2. Termen concave; or, if straight, rather vertical than slanting 3 Termen of fore wing straight and decidedly slanting 34 3. Male with heavy black sex scaling on inner angle of hind wings. (7) perplexana, Male with no such sex scaling 4 4. Fore wing with a distinct white dash in cilia (or on termen) below apex__2G No such white streak in cilia below apex 5 5. Fore wing with a dark brown basal area, a white spot on mid dorsum and a roughly triangular blackis»h fuscous spot on dorsum near tornus; alar expanse less than 16 mm 6 Fore wing pattern otherwise; or if as above, then alar expanse over 18 mm 7 6. Fore wing with a complete, angulate, dark basal patch ; ground color along costa beyond basal third much paler than basal patch, ochreous fuscous. (27) walkerana. Fore wing without a complete basal patch ; ground color of entire costal area a nearly uniform shade, brownish fuscous (28) momonana (part). 7. Darker contrasting areas of fore wing orange yellow, brick or madder red 8 Darker contrasting areas sometimes ferruginous, but not brick or madder red, nor orange yellow ; 10 8. Fore wings banded with orange yellow (8) castaneana. Fore wings with darker areas red — 9 9. Costal and basal areas of fore wing pale brick red ; a black line bordering the lower outer margin of an incomplete basal patch; cilia and terminal margin from below apex to just above anal angle, black. (9) johnsonana. No such black markings ; a large madder red spot covering apical fifth of wing (10) madderana. 10. Termen of fore wing deeply concave; apex somewhat produced and pointed; ground color pale gray or cream color finely speckled with scat- tered blackish or fuscous dots 11 Termen of fore wing straight or but slightly concave ; apex not produced ; pattern otherwise 12 11. Ground color of fore wing gray (19) subplicana. Ground color of fore wing cream white (20) basipunctana. 12. Fore wing greenish or with at least some suffusion of greenish scales 13 Fore wing without such greenish suffusion 16 13. Basal patch complete and sharply contrasted (6) medioviridana. Basal patch obsolete or but partially defined 14 14. Fore wing with a prominent, blackish, broken, transverse, outer fascia. (18) fumoviridana. No such outer fascia on fore wing 15 NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 197 35. Grouud color of fore wing pale bluish or veiNligris green (16) hopkinsana. Ground color of fore wing dark absinthe green (17) var. cupressi. 16. Pore wing brown with a large white spot on mid dorsum and a similar white spot at tornus covering the ocelloid area (1) similana. Fore wing otherwise marked 17 17. Costal margin on underside of fore wing from middle to apex ochreous, strongly marked with four or five square fuscous spots (2) solandriana. Costal margin on underside concolorous with rest of underside of fore wing or but slightly paler, dark costal spots faint IS 18. Ground color of head, thorax and fore wing ferruginous brown. (3) ethnica. Ground color of head, thorax, and fore wing gray 19 19. Ground color of fore wing whitish gray, darker markings of pattern well contrasted (4) pulsatillana. Ground color of fore wing dark olivaceous gray, pattern nearly obsolete. (5) var. siskiyoTiensis. 20. Dark markings on fore wing rusty orange yellow (29) terracoctana. Dark markings on fore wing not orange yellow 21 21. Fore wing brown, no definable basal patch, no outer dark fascia or half fascia, white scaling on costal area limited to a few faint geminate marks toward apex 22 Fore wing otherwise 23 22. A small, curved, sharply contrasted white spot on mid-dorsal margin of fore wing followed by a triangular patch of blackish fuscous shading. (28) momonana (part). Pale spot on mid-dorsal margin very faint and but a shade lighter than The ground color, not followed by a triangular blackish patch. (23) hamptonana. 23. Fore wing with basal patch complete, sometimes faint but not broken below costa nor blotched with white scaling ; if occasionally incomplete the fad- ing out is on dorsal rather than costal margin 24 Basal patch incomplete, interupted toward costa by longitudinal whitish streaks or dustings; if occasionally complete, heavily blotched or verti- cally streaked with white 30 24. Fore wing with a complete, well defined, transverse, brown outer fascia extending from mid costa to outer fourth of dorsal margin 25 Fore wing without dark outer fascia, or with such fascia broken above dorsal margin, or fusing with dark shading in terminal area of wing__26 25. Pale anti-median area bordering basal patch of fore wing distinctly white. (31) silvertoniensis. Pale anti-median area of fore wing bordering basal patch much suffused with fuscous (30) miscana 26. Pale area of fore wing bordering basal patch much sufEused with fuscous or ochreous; if white, contrasted against slate-colored basal patch 27 A clear white area bordering basal patch, at least toward dorsal margin of wing; basal patch brown 29 27. Ground color of fore wing at apex pale brown; no suffusion of blackish scaling above ocelloid patch ; no indication of a dark crescent mark ex- tending from mid costa to apex (22)solicitaiia. Ground color of fore wing at apex gray or dark brown ; if occasionally pale brown some suffusion of black or darker brown over ocelloid patch or a more or less complete crescent marking from mid costa to apex 28 198 BULLETIN 123, UlTITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 28. Basal patch of fore wing slate color; wing beyond basal patch whitish, slightly suffused with blackish fuscous giving a pale bluish white shading to this area (25) var. criddleana. Color markings of fore wiug various; but not as above (24) nisella. 29. White area bordering basal patch forming a complete antimedian fascia. (32) digitana. White area bordering basal patch defined as a rather large white spot on dorsal margin; obscured toward costa by fuscous scaling. (33) transmissana. 30. Entire costal margin of fore wing from base to near apex white, marked only by fine dark geminations (21) rectiplicana. Greater part of costal margin not white; or if so, with at least one con- spicuous dark spot near middle —31 31. Cilia white at anal angle of fore wing _— (26) albangulana. Cilia at anal angle of fore wing as dark as or darker than cilia toward apex 32 32. Fore wing with a complete, transverse, brown fascia extending from outer third of costa to outer fourth of dorsal margin (34) nigralbana. No such fascia on fore wing 33 33. Median white area of fore wing broad, diffusing to outer fifth below costa. (35) ruidosana. Median white area narrow, defined as an angulate white fascia considerably narrower on costal than on dorsal margin (36) heucherana. 34. Fore wing blackish fuscous with an irregular white border along entire dorsal margin (15) alMcapitana. Fore wing grayish white or grayish fuscous 35 35. Fore wing unicolorous; markings all but obsolete (13) zandana. Fore wing with a fine transverse post median dark shading, with an in- complete dark basal patch, or with a somewhat contrasted white patch on dorsal margin 36 36. Fore wing grayish white finely speckled with fuscous and with a fine black- ish-fuscous line crossing wing from middle of costa to outer angle of dor- sal margin (14) yandana. Fore wing much suffused with luscous, especially on costal half and toward base; a contrasting whitish patch covering greater part of dorsal margin. .37 37. On fore wing from middle of costa to end of cell a fuscous half fascia. heavily dusted with blackish scales (11) laracana. Outer half fascia from costa, not dusted with blackish scales, faint or obso- lete and fusing into a general fuscous costal suffusion— (12) vertumnana. 38. Neck incurvation of harpe of male genitalia constricted by invasion of cucuUus (38) crenana. Neck incurvation of harpe not so constricted 39 39. Socii triangular (39) cercocarpana. Socii narrowly elongate (37) emarginana. Group B. 1. Fore wing unicolorous ; or if marked, then only by slightly darker shading or a few dark dots along dorsal margin or a blackish streak on median basal area -' Fore wing not unicolorous ; and otherwise marked 4 2. Hind wing sordid white 3 Hind wing smoky fuscous (42) arotostaphylana. NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 199 3. Fore wing ferruginous brown (40) bigemiua. Fore wing fuscous brown (41) Bicordana. 4. Fore wing longitudinally bicolored, witli costal area purplish red or pur- plish brown and dorsal area whitish 5 Fore wing not longitudinally bieolored ; or if so, costal area grayish fus- cous 7 5. Costal area of fore wing purplish red 6 Costal area of fore wing purplish brown (60) lindana. 6. Fore wing with whitish dorsal area strongly arched near tennen. (59) vagana. Fore wing with whitish dorsal area but slightly arched near termen. (58) septemberana. 7. Fore wing longitudinally bieolored, but not markedly so ; the whitish dorsal area more or less lined with fuscous (46) timidella. Fore wing not longitudinally bieolored , 8 8. Fore wing salmon ochreous with black line along termen, small black dots along dorsal margin and conspicuous black dusting around ocelloid patch. (61) trossulana. Fore wing otherwise colored and marked 9 9. Fore wing with a conspicuous, blackish, irregular crescent marking on outer half of costa (62) signiferana. Fore wing without such 10 10. Alar expanse less than 12 mm 11 Alar expanse over 12 mm 13 11. Ground color of fore wing whitish; hind wing very pale smoky fus- cous 12 Ground color of fore wing bronzy fuscous; hind wing dark smoky fus- cous (50) nanana. 12. Fore wing with distinct transverse dark fascia from mid costa to pretornal dorsal margin; hind wing rather dark smoky fuscous (51) meritana. Outer transverse dark fascia faint or broken, not sharply contracted ; hind wing very pale smoke color (49) normanana. 13. Fore wing with a large triangular dark patch on custa or with a broad transverse dark band or spot extending outwardly from mid costa but not reaching dorsal margin 14 Fore wing without such 19 14. Costal marking a large triangular blackish gray patch (53) lomonana. Costal marking a transverse band 15 15. Transverse marking chocolate brown or purplish fuscous 16 Transverse marking rust or brownish red more or less dusted with black scales 17 16. Transverse marking chocolate brown, reaching only to lower outer angle of cell (52) medioplagata. Transverse marking purplish fuscous, reaching almost to torn us. (54) purpuriciliana. 17. Thorax and basal area of wing ochreous 18 Thorax and basal area of wing reddish brown (57) cruciana, var. alaskae. IS. Underside of fore and hind wings unicolorous (55) cruciana (typical). Underside of fore wing darker than hind wing. (56) cruciana var. plumbollneana. 19. Entire costa of fore wing markedly strigulated witli fuscous 20 Costa faintly strigulated ; appreciably so only toward apex 22 20. Dark marking of fore wing blackish or grayish fuscous 21 Dark markings greenish gray (48) nonana. 200 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21. Dark areas of fore wing heavily dusted with blackish scales ; cilia fuscous with little admixture of white ; hind wing dark smoky fuscous. (45) marmoreana. Dark areas of fore wing grayish fuscous, the fuscous pattern much broken by scaling of the white ground color ; cilia white spotted and dusted with fuscous; hind wing pale smoky fuscous -(47) aceriella. 22. Second joint of palpus with two distinct black spots on upper edge; alar ex- panse less than 15 mm (43) unica. Second joint of palpus not so marked; alar expanse over IS mm. (44) infuscana. Group A. Male with Costal Fold. 1. EPINOTIA SIMILANA (Hfibner), (Figs. 38, 358.) Tortrix similana Hubneb, Vog. and Schmet., 1792, fig. 71. Tortrix Mmaculana Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins., vol. 13, 1808, pi. 459. Epinotia similana Hubnee, Verz. Schmet, 1826, p. 377. — ^Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Amer. Lepid. Heter., vol. 4, 1914, p. 226. Paedisca Mmaculana Zelleb, Verb. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 302. Epiblema sitmlana Staudingeb and Rebel., Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2135, 1901. Eueosma similana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5143, 1903.— Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7028, 1917. This species has another European synonym, but I only quote Mmaculana, as that is the name under which Zeller recorded similana from Massachusetts. It is not common in America and is less often taken than solandriana. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from Medford, Massachusetts ("Sept. 20-1868"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Massachusetts, Quebec, New Hampshire, British Columbia. Alai' expanse.—18.5-20 mm. Type.—In collection unknown. Type locality.—Germany. Food plants.—Hazel, birch (European records). 2. EPINOTIA SOLANDRIANA (Linnaeus). (Fig. 354.) Phalaena Tortrix solandriana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 532. Episagma solandriana HiJBNEK, Verz. Schmet., 1826, p. 383. — Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Amer. Lepid. Heter., vol. 4, 1914, p. 227. Epiblema solandriana Staxjdingeb and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2125, 1901. Eueosma solandriana Dtae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 6, 1904, p. 117. — ^Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7030, 1917. This and emarginana Walsingham are the most variable species in the genus if not in the family, as far as pattern is concerned. It is easily recognized, however, and the genitalia structure is quite uniform in different specimens. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 201 We have in the National Museum a specimen reared from crab- apple. In Europe the food plants of the larva are given as willow and birch. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Victoria, British Columbia (A. T. Crocker, "30-7-09"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Ontario, British Columbia, Washington. Ala?' expanse.—19-21 mm. Type.—In collection unknown. Type locality.—Europe. Food 2)lants.—Willow, birch (European records) , crabapple. 3. EPINOTIA ETHNICA, new species. (Fig. 332.) Antennae gray, finely banded with black above. Palpi and face grayish fuscous; third joint of palpus long and exposed. Head ferruginous brown. Fore wing dull ferruginous brown with a very sordid gray white patch on mid dorsum and a sordid white ocelloid patch; regions bordering ocelloid patch faintly dusted with blackish fuscous ; termen narrowly edged with black ; subcostal area near apex shaded with ochreous, the ferruginous ground color form- ing three obscure costal spots on outer third; cilia grayish dusted fuscous. Hind wing smoky fuscous ; cilia slightly paler with a dark basal band. Uncus of male genitalia simple, Male genitalia of type figured, Ala?' expa?ise.—13-15 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratypes.—Cat. No, 24841, U.S,N.M. ; also in collection Barnes. Type locality.—San Diego, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male paratypes from the Barnes collection, all from San Diego, California, and dated "June 16-23." The specimens are in rather poor condition but there is no doubt of the validity of the species which is easily recognized by the genitalia. 4. EPINOTIA PULSATILLANA (Dyar). (Fig. 34.5.) Eucosma pulsatillana Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 297 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 926.—Barnes and McDunnough, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6988, 1917. Male genitalia figured from paratype in National Collection from Denver, Colorado (Dyar, "No. 987-, 7-July-1901 ")." 202 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado and British Columbia. Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Boulder, Colorado. Food plants.—Pulsatilla hirsutissima, Clematis. 5. EPINOTIA PULSATILLANA SISKIYOUENSIS, nei7 variety. (Fig. 346.) Like pulsatillana except that the whitish dusting on head, thorax, and fore wing is absent. Color dark olivaceous graj^, nearly unicol- orous; basal patch on fore wing indicated only by a slightly darker shading and a faint outer margin of blackish fuscous scaling; the broken outer fascia of pulsatiUana obsolete, replaced by very ob- scure wavy lines of blackish fuscous scaling. Male genitalia as in pulsatiUana except that uncus is shorter and slightly notched at the tip. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—18 mm. Type.—Csit. No. 24842, U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Shasta Eetreat, Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from single male type ("Aug. 16-23") easily distin- guished from the typical pulsatiUana by its uniformly dark oliva- ceous gray color, the absence of contrasted whitish dusting on fore wing beyond basal patch and its short notched uncus. 6. EPINOTIA MEDIOVIRIDANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 347.) Encomia medioviridana Keabfott, Joum. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 168. — Barnes and McDunnougit. Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6987, 1917. Very like pulsatiUana but distinguished by a verdigris green shade bordering basal patch on fore wing and its squarely spatulate uncus. Male genitalia of type figured. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Ontario and Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—16-17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Ottawa, Canada. Food plant.—Unknown. 7. EPINOTIA PEKPLEXANA (Fernald). (Fig. 375.) Epiblema perplexana Feknald, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 9, 1901, p. 51. Eucosma perplexana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5130, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6983, 1917. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 203 This species is distinguished from all other Epinotia by the heavy black sex scaling on the upper surface of abdomen and on inner angle of hind wing of the male. A similar secondary char- acter is possessed by Gwendolina concitatricana Heinrich. Fernald's species, however, is a true Epinotia. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (Dyar, Collector). I have seen only specimens of the type series from the National Collection and Fernald collection. Alar expanse.—13-15 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Palm Beach, Florida. Food plant.—Unknown, 8. EPINOTIA CASTANEANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 338.) Paedisca castaneana Walsinqham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 511. Eucosma castaneana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5151, 1903.— Dyak, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 925.—Barnes and McDun- NOUGH, Checlc List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7037, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kaslo, British Columbia ("Dyar #21057"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Washington, Califor- nia, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—12-16 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Loveland, Colorado. Food plant.—Gooseberry (Dyar). 9. EPINOTIA JOHNSONANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 383.) Eucosma joJmsonana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, voL 33, 1907, p. 36. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7009, 1917. A striking species easily recognized by its brick red costal shading, black bordered termen and incomplete, black margined, red basal patch. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Victoria, British Columbia. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Washington, Nevada, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—14-16 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Nevada. Food, plant.—Unknown. 204 BULLETIN 12l3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1«. EPINOTIA MADDERANA (Kearf»tt). (Fig. 339.) Eucosma madderana Keabfoot, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 55. — ^Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7038, 1917. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection (West Manitoba, A. W. Hanham), Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes : Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario. Alar expanse.—13-14 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Eounthwaite, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknown. 11. EPINOTIA LARACANA (Kearfott). Proteopteryx laraccuna Kblakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 33, 1907, p. 45. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7118, 1917. Proteopteryz navalis Meyrick, Ent. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. I have not figured the genitalia, as the only male I have seen (a cotype from New Brighton, Pennsylvania) is badly rubbed and looks like a different species from the other specimens of the type series. The pattern reminds of 2inExentera^h\it the species evidently belongs in Epinotia and is probably nothing but a color variety of vertumnana. It differs as far as I can see only in the greater intensity of its dark shading; but in the absence of any authentic male I do not fell justified in making the synonymy. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Ohio, Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 12. EPINOTIA VERTUMNANA (Zeller). (Fig. 371.) Paedisca vertumnana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 310. Paedisca celtisana Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 319. Eucosma vertumnana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Anier. Lepid., no. 5135, 1903. — (not Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 208).—Barnes and McDun- nough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6984, 1917. Eucosma celtisana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5136, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6985, 1917. Eucosma xandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 24.— • Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6995, 1917. Eucosma atacfa Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 205 Fernald was correct in his surmise that celtisana was the same as vertumnana. I have compared Riley's type with the Zeller types at Cambridge and find it equals " varieties " "A," " B," " C," of ver- tumnana. Zeller had a mixed lot before him and the rest of the " varieties " are not conspecific with the specimens labeled "A," " B," and " C." " Variety D " is a Gretchena or Exentera. " Varieties " " E " and " F " are something else, two distinct species apparently. All are more or less rubbed and I would not attempt to place them without an examination of their genitalia. The name, however, must apply to the first "variety" ("A"), so the identity of the others is of no great importance. Kearfott's xandana on both genitalic and pattern characters is an obvious synonym. He had no specimens under Riley's name and evi- dently did not know Zeller's species for the specimens he has so named are not vertutnnana or any of its so-called " varieties." Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Cincinnati, Ohio ("A. F. Braun, IV-22-05 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Texas and Ohio. Alar expanse.—14—15.5 mm. Types.—In Museum Comparative Zoology {vertumnana) ; in Na- tional Collection {celtisana)] American Museum {xandana). Type localities.—Dallas, Texas {vertumnana and celtisana) ; Cin- cinnati, Ohio {xandana). Food plant.—Celtis. 13. EPINOTIA ZANDANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 370.) Etwosma zandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 25. — Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6994, 1917. Etwosma peristicta Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. This is probably also a synonym (or color variant) of vertumnana Zeller. For the present I am keeping them separate as the aedoegus of the genitalia is apx)reciably stouter in vertumnana than in zan- dana. This may or may not be significant. It usually is. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania (F. Marloff, "22 March-07"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania and Ohio. Alar expanse.—14r-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 7806—23 14 206 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 14. EPINOTIA YANDANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 369.) Eucosma yandana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 2.5. — Barnes and McDxjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6993, 1917. Eucosma notlirodes Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 34. One of the cotypes in the National Collection (a female) has veins 7 and 8 of fore wing stalked. The rest of the specimens have them approximate. This appears to be only an abberation as other- wise the specimen agrees with the other cotypes. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from New Brighton, Pennsylvania ("H. D. Merrick, IV-9-04"). All specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes from Pennsylvania. Alar expmise.—16-17 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. 15. EPINOTIA ALBICAPITANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 384.) Proteopteryx alhicapitana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. See, vol. 33, 1907, p. 47. Enamwnia albicapitatia Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7142, 1917. A striking species easily recognized on both pattern and genitalia. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Placer County, California ("Sept."). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: California, Colorado, Utah. Alar expanse.—17-21 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Placer County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 16. EPINOTIA HOPKINSANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 340.) ucosma JiopMnsana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 36. Baknes and McDtjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no 7010, 1917. A variable species with small tufts of raised scales on fore wing. It probably has two generations a year as moths were reared by Mr. J. M. Miller of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology from January to April and again in October and November. Some of our reared specimens also bear midsummer dates indicating considerable over- lapping of broods. The color of the fore wing varies from a pale NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 207 apple or verdigris green to a dark absinthe green. The larvae feed in tJtie cones on seeds of Spruce, Pine, and California Cypress. Adults reared from the last are very dark and so diifferent in color from the Spruce and Pine forms that I am giving them a separate varietal designation. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Hoquiam, Washington (Burke, "7-21-04"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Washington, California, and British Columbia. Alar expanse.-—16-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Hoquiam, Washington. Food plants.—Picea stichensis, Pinus radiata. 17. EPINOTIA HOPKINSANA CUPRESSI. new variety. (Fig. 341.) Differs from typical hopkinsana Kearfott in the much darker green color of thorax and primaries, which are a decided absinthe rather than pale bluish or verdigris green shade ; in its dark fuscous cilia on fore w^ing; and its dark smoky fuscous hind wing. The cilia of the latter are concolorous with the wings and the dark basal band is barely discernable. The genitalia do not differ to any ap- preciable extent. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse.—19-21 mm. Type.—Q2.t. No. 24843, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Cypress Point, California. Food plant.—Cupressus macrocarpa. Described from male type (reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 13264 C^, Nov. 4, 1915, by J. M. Miller from larva feeding in cones of Cupressus macrocarpa) ; one male and two female paratypes from Pacific Grove, California (reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 12579g, Apr. 16 and 23, 1915, J. M. Miller) ; two male paratypes from Cypress Point, California (Hopk. no. 13313f, Oct. 26, 1916, J. M. Miller) ; and two female paratypes from the Kearfott collection taken at Lone Moun- tain, San Francisco, California (F. X. WilHams, " VI-1-09 " and "VI-10-09"). A distinct food plant variety of hopkinsana easily distinguished by its much darker color. 208 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 18. EPINOTIA FUMOVIRIDANA, new species. (Fig. 348.) Palpi, face and head dark grayish fuscous. Thorax and fore wing dark grayish fuscous dusted with greenish scales giving ground color to the naked eye a smoky gray green appearance ; basal patch obsolete ; from middle of costa a rather broad transverse black band extending nearly to a black spot on dorsum before tornus, forming with the latter a fascia broken above the dorsal spot by a thin line of the ground color ; ocelloid patch faint, a paler greenish shade than the ground color and containing two or three indistinct black streaks; above ocelloid patch a faint shading" of black; at apex an inwardly pointed short black dash; on outer half of costa three faint dark fuscous spots ; cilia very dark fuscous with a black- ish basal shading; termen distinctly concave; veins 3, 4, and 5 approximate at termen; above dorsum a couple of small tufts of raised scales. Hind wing semilustrous ; dark smoky fuscous; cilia but slightly paler with a dark basal band and the extreme tips of the hairs white. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—19-21 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Pciratypes.—Cat. No. 24844, U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum. Type locality.—Shasta Eetreat, Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type ("Aug. 16-23 ") and two female para- types ("Aug. 16-23," " Sept. 1-7 ") from Doctor Barnes collection, labeled " Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou County, California. A distinct species reminding very much of pulsatillana Dyar from which it is distinguished by its darker greenish gray color, its black rather than fuscous gray post median fascia, and its more concave termen. 19. EPINOTIA SUBPLICANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 355.) Paedisca ? subplicana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 41. Eucosma subplicana Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5094, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6955, 1917. This species has what amounts to a falcate apex in the fore wing. This character should throw it into Ancylis. The genitalia and the large costal fold however clearly show that it belongs where we have placed it. Another example of the difficulties experienced with all characters of this subfamily. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Ashland, Oregon (reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 13208 E,^ May 17, NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 209 1915, from larva feeding on Arctostaphyllos viamanita, F. P. Keen, collector). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: California, Oregon, Washing- ton, Nevada. Alar expanse.—17.5-22 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocina County, California. Food plant.—Arctostaphyllos manzanita. 20. EPINOTIA BASIPUNCTANA (Walsineham). Paedinca ? hasipunctana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 40. Eucosma hasipunctana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5093. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6923, 1917. I have seen only one specimen answering to Walsingham's descrip- tion, a female in Kearfott collection, without locality, and determined by Walsingham. It is very much rubbed but looks like a very pale subplicana. It is possibly nothing but a variety of that species. Alar expanse.—19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Lower Lake, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 21. EPINOTIA RECTIPLICANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 366.) Paedisca recUplicana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1878, p. 40; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 139. Eucosma recUplicana Fernald, in Dyar, List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5118, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6964, 1917. We have a male in the National Collection from Placer County, California ("Nov. 28, '85"), reared from a larva taken between leaves of willow and labeled " Paedisca rectiplicana Walsingham, C, V. R. '86." It was probably referred to Walsingham and is very likely his species as it answers well to the description. Male genitalia figured from this specimen. There is one other specimen in the National Collection and a sim- ilar one in the Barnes collection from British Columbia, and two specimens in the American Museum from Verdi, Nevada, which Kear- fott had determined as La^peyresia gallaesaliciana Riley. Alar expanse.—13 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Salix. 210 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATTONAL MUSEUM. 22. EPINOTIA SOUCITANA (Walker). (Figs. 363, 364.) Grapholita solicitana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 387. Halonota packardiana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 2, 1864, p. 417. Paedisca tephrinana Zellee, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 308. Paedisca solicitana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 5, 1879, p. 55. Eucosiiia solicitana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5127, 1903. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6972, 1917. One of Zeller's cotypes of tephrinana (a male) is in the National Collection. It is labeled in Walsingham's handwriting as follows: '"''Paedisca solicitana Wlk.=tephrinana Zell., Walsm. /86." The male genitalia of this specimen is illustrated (fig. 363). The specimen is in poor condition and the genitalia has been injured. In Figure 364 I show the genitalia of an undamaged specimen from Orono, Maine, reared at the Maine Experiment Station ("Exp. 1337, IV-10-11 ") from birch. This is a northern species. The specimens in the Kearfott collec- tion from Pennsylvania, while having the same pattern and color- ation as typical solicitana, are very doubtfully that species. I have reared from catkins of hazel at Falls Church, Virginia, in company with a number of moths of Epinotia walkereana, two specimens which appeared to be solicitana. There is no superficial character to separate them, yet the genitalia are different in both the shape of the sacculus and the position of the sacculus spine cluster. I leave them undescribed for the present, awaiting more material and fur- ther rearings. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Maine, New Hampshire, Mas- sachusetts ? , Pennsylvania ? . Alar expanse.—13-14 mm. Types.—In British Museum {solicitana)^ {tephrinana?)-, lost? {parkardiana) . Type localities.—Nova Scotia {solicitana) ; Labrador {packardi- ana) ; " Massachusetts or Maine " {tephrinana). Food plant.—Birch. 23. EPINOTIA HAMPTONANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 362.) Eucosma haniptonana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 153. — Barnes and McDunnough Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7027, 1917. Very close to solicitana but apparently distinct. The genitalia are the same for the two except that the heavy spine cluster of sac- culus is on the dorsal margin in hamptonana, while in solicitana it is above the margin and nearer the basal orifice of the harpe. ISrORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 211 Male genitalia figured from type. Specimens in National Collection and American Museum from New Hampshire. Alar expanse.—12.5-14 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Hampton, New Hampshire. Food plant.—Unknown. 24. EPINOTIA NISELLA (Clerck). (Fig. 356.) Tinea nisella Clerck, Icon. Ins., 1759, pi. 12, fig. 6. Epiblema nisella Staudingeb and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2. no. 2119, 1901. EucosmrAL MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—10-13 mm. Type.—C2it. No. 24848, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality—Rosslyn, Virginia. Food plant.—Heuchera americana. Described from male type, seven male and two female paratypes all reared from larvae mining the leaves of our eastern " alum root " (Hopk. U. S. no. 13981, Heinrich, collector). The habits of the larvae are similar to those of the western ruidosana except that they make a digitate rather than a blotch mine (very similar in fact to the mines made by the larvae of the genus Parectopa) . They are found fairly abundant in the damp shady spots on the hillsides along the Potomac near Washington, District of Columbia. The larvae were collected in October, 1916, and moths issued during late May and early June of the following year. When full fed, the larvae is a deep uniform red with jet black head and thoracic shield. The species is close to ruidosana, which it replaces in the East ; but is quite distinct and easily recognizable. 37. EPINOTIA EMARGINANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 330.) Proteopteryx emarginana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 68 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 144.—Feknald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5210, 1903 ; Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 120.—Barnes and McDuNNOUGH, Clieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7113, 1917. This and the following two species would constitute the genus Pro- teopteryx could that group be validlj^ separated from Epinotia. It has only one character to distinguish it, namely, the deeply notched termen of fore wing and without some other character either in larval or genitalic structure I would not feel justified in maintaining it. The three species are quite easily separated on genitalia but in pat- tern are hardly to be distinguished. Both emarginana and crenand are extremely variable and many of their varieties have so much the same appearance that without an examination of their genitalia it is practically impossible to determine which is which. Dyar's cerco- carpana is if anything the most distinct; but it too, aside from its genitalia, has no key character. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona (reared under Hopk. U. S. no. 12129c from Quercus agrifolia, May 28, 1914, M. Chrisman). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Arizona, California, Oregon, Washington. British Columbia. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 219 Besides a large reared series from oak, we also have in the National Collection a series reared from Ai'ctostaphylos termentosa (Hopk. U. S. No. 16186a, June, 1920, Bonnie Doon, California, R. D. Hart- man, collector). Alar expanse.—13-17 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plants.—Quercus and Arctostaphylos. 38. EPINOTIA CRENANA (Hnbner). (Fig. 331.) Tortrix crenana HtJBNEB, Samm. Eur. Schmett. Tort., 1827, fig. 242. Epiblema crenana Staudinger and Rebei,, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2133, 1901. Eucosma crenana Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 6, 1904, p. 117; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 926. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Anier., no. 6996, 1917. Proteopteryx coluniMa Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 112 ; Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 253. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7123, 1917. Proteopteryx Columbia albidorsana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 113. Proteopteryx Columbia mediostriana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 114. Dyar suggested the synonymy of Columbia and crenana in 1904. An examination of the genitalia verifies his contention. The forms albidorsana and mediostriana are merely color varieties and there- fore should be treated as synonyms. There is nothing to be gained to holding such names where they apply only to color varieties of a variable species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar, " 33662"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Manitoba and British Columbia, Alar expanse.—14—15 mm. Types.—In collection, unknown? {crenana) \ in American Mu- seum (Columbia and varieties). Type localities.—Europe (crenana) ; Wellington, British Columbia (Columbia and mediostriana) ; Kaslo, British Columbia (albidor- sana). Food plant.—Salix. 39. EPINOTIA CERCOCARPANA (Dyar). (Fig. 342.) Encosma cercocarpana Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 297. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6989, 1917. Male genitalia figured from paratype in National Collection. 220 BUULETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. A paratype is in the American Museum. The rest of the types are in the National Collection. I have seen no other specimens. Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Piatt Canon, Colorado. Food plant.—Gercocarpus parvifolius. Geoup B. Male without Costal Fold. 40. EPINOTIA BIGEMINA, new species. (Fig. 374.)- Antennae ferruginous above, whitish gray beneath. Palpus with the third joint long and exposed; ferruginous shading to fuscous at tip; inner side of basal and second joint white. Face, head and thorax ferruginous brown. Fore wing with the termen straight and slanting; veins 3, 4, and 5 not approximate at termen; unicolorous dull ferruginous brown ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing white, very faintly mottled with fuscous; cilia white. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14r-15 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24849, U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum, and collection Barnes. T'ype locality.—Carmel, California. Food plant.—^Unknown. Described from male type, and 3 male and 3 female paratypes col- lected by A. H. Vachell at Carmel, California ("Apr."), all from the Kearfott collection of the American Museum. A distinct species reminding of arctostaphylana Kearfott, but dis- tinguished by its genitalia and white hind wings. This and the fol- lowing species illustrate the difficulty of such a character as the costal fold. I have placed them in the group without fold, but the costa is often partially curled up near base, sometimes for almost half the length of the wing, suggesting a fold; but it is not completely folded over. On wing shape, color and genitalia both species are very close to vertumnmia^ vandana., and zandana of group A and really belong with them except for the disappearance (or incom- pleteness) of the fold. As it is, they form a connecting link between the species of Epinotia with and without a decided fold. 41. EPINOTIA BICORDANA, new species. (Fig. 368.) Antennae, palpi, face, head, thorax, and fore wing dull dark fuscous; cilia paler shading to a dirty white toward anal angle. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 221 Hind wing sordid white, margin narrowly shaded with pale smoky fuscous ; cilia sordid white with a pale fuscous basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 21850, U.S.N.M.; also in collection Barnes. Type locality.—Aweme, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male paratypes from Aweme, Manitoba (Criddle, " 26-III-05 "), which Kearfott had included in the series he determined as Exentera apriliana Grote. A true Epinotia closest to vertumnana in genitalia, but otherwise most like big^emina, from which it differs in its fuscous brown rather than ferruginous brown color, its somewhat shorter palpi and the dark band at the base of the cilia of the hind wings. It also differs markedly from higeinina in genitalic structure. 42. EPINOTIA ARCTOSTAPHYLANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 350.) Cydia aretostaphylana Keabfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 109. Thiodia arctostaphylcma Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 927. Enarnionia aretostaphylana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7137, 1917. A pretty and variable species distinguished from the other unicol- orous species in this group by its genitalia. Male genitalia figured from reared specimen in National Collection from Shasta Retreat, California. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Colorado, British Columbia, California. Alar expanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Kaslo, British Columbia, Food plant.—Arctostaphylos uvaursi. 43. EPINOTIA UNICA. new species. (Fig. 376.) Antenna pale grayish ochreous with second joint black. Palpus pale ochreous dusted with fuscous gray laterally and towards tip and with two distinct black spots on upper edge of second joint. Face and head ochreous. Thorax ochreous dotted with black. Fore wing ochreous with a faint, grayish fuscous basal patch, the latter incom- plete, however, and not extending above middle of wing; ocelloid patch nearly obsolete, whitish with a few faint black spots; region 7806—23—15 222 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. surrounding ocelloid patch, pale brown ; subcostal area near base and basal patch irregularly spotted with scattered black dots ; costa from base finely, and weakly strigulated with black, before apex with a few short white dashes, the one just before apex most marked; a similar short white dash on termen below apex, but not extending into the cilia ; at apex a round dark-brown dot ; some two or three long faint slender metallic streaks from apical third of costa; cilia whitish gray dusted with black. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia whitish shading to smoky fuscous at apex and with a dark basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—13-13.5 mm. Type.—Cd^i. No. 24851, U.S.N.M. Type locality.—Knoxville, Tennessee. Food plant.—Bradburya virginiana. Described from male type and female paratype from Knoxville, Tennessee, reared by C. N. Ainslie from Bradburya virginiana ("Knoxville no. 17295."). A distinct species easily recognized by its unique genitalia. 44. EPINOTIA INFUSCANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 352.) Semasia infuscana Walsingham, Illus, Lepid. Heter. Brit, Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 62. TModia infuscana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5195, 1903. Eucosma infuscana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7094, 1917. Several specimens in National Collection, labeled as reared from larvae on Lupinus arhorae. Male genitalia figured from one such specimen from Alameda County, California. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : California and Arizona. Alar expanse.—^20-21 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—San Francisco, California. Food plant.—Lupinus. 45. EPINOTIA MARMOREANA, new species. (Fig. 349.) Like infuscana but with the pale areas of fore wing white and with a smaller blackish fuscous spot just above the outer dorsal dark patch. Palpus with third joint long and exposed ; white dusted and clouded with grayish fuscous on outer side. Head and face sordid white somewhat dusted with grayish fuscous on the sides. Thorax grayish NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 223 fuscous dusted with white. Fore wing white lined and marked with blackish fuscous ; a dark, outwardly angulate basal patch, its blackish ground color somewhat dusted with white scales especially at extreme base and toward costa ; on dorsum before tornus a triangulate dark patch ; just above this at lower outer angle of cell a small elongate brownish fuscous patch edged with blackish scales; several narrow blackish fuscous streaks on costa, those towards apex more conspicu- ous than the others and continued towards termen in thin brown lines ; a rather conspicuous, inwardly pointed, short blackish apical dash; ocelloid patch nearly obsolete, determined by two semi-metallic silvery bars; margining ocelloid patch on outer and upper sides a curved line of black scales; whitish areas otherwise rather finely streaked and dusted with blackish fuscous scales giving the insect a somewhat marbled appearance; cilia fuscous, dusted with blackish and with a fine white basal line. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous: cilia concolorous, with a fine white basal line. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—16-18 mm. Type.—C^i. No. 24852, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Stockton, Utah. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type; 6 male and 5 female paratypes from Stockton, Utah (Tom Spalding, July 16 to 30, 1912, 1913) ; 1 male and 2 female paratypes from Provo, Utah (Spalding, Aug. 10-11, 1912) ; 2 female paratypes from Glenwood Springs, Colorado (Wm. Barnes, Aug. 17, 1892) ; 1 female paratype from Colorado Springs, Colorado; and 1 female paratype from Clear Creek, Colorado (Oslar). A distinct species, in pattern close to infuscana Walsingham, but radically different in genitalia. 46. EPINOTIA TIMIDELLA (Clemens). (Fig. 373.) Catastega timidella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1861, p. 96; Tin. N. Amer., 1872, p. 177.—Dyab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 128.— Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7280, 1917. Oelechia timidella Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 852; in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5830, 1903. Clemens erected his genus Catastega for three species {timidella., aceriella., hamumsliella) which he knew and described only as larvae ; establishing the genus on the larval habit and separating the species on the differences in food plant. 224 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dyar (1903) bred timidella and thus established the identity of the moth. According to his notes he reared two specimens, both females. I have located one of these and it proves to be a male. We have besides in the National Collection three other males in good condi- tion. Kearfott also had a series of males and females under Clem- ens's name, all correctly determined and agreeing with Dyar's reared specimen. In 1903 Busck cited timidella as the type of Gatastega and that citation holds; but Clemens's genus falls as a synonym of Epinotia. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Hyattsville, Maryland (Busck, 1909). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Manitoba, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. Food plant.—Quercus. Inasmuch as the species was described from the work of its larva it can not be said to have a type, unless we can consider Dyar's reared specimen in the National Collection as such. In that case the cita- tion of the type locality must read Bellport, Long Island, New York. Clemens mentions seeing the work at St. Paul, Minnesota. 47. EPINOTIA ACERIELLA (Clemens). (Fig. 372.) Gatastega aceriella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1861, p. 86; Tin. N. Amer., 1872, p. 178.—Fyles, Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., vol. 25, 1894, p. 46. — Febnau), Gen. Tort., 1908, pp. 89, 56. — Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Amer. Heter., vol. 4, 1914, p. 238. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7278, 1917. Hedya signatana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 514. Steganoptyoha variana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 514. OraphoUtha subnisana Zelleb, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 25, 1875, p. 294. Thiodia signatana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5189, 1903. Eucosma sigmatana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Ainer., no. 7084, 1917. Fyles' rearing of aceriella established the synonymy of aceriella and signatana., so two of the three species described by Clemens in his genus Gatastega are accounted for. The third, harfiarmeliella yet remains to be reared and identified as adult. Dyar ^* suggests that it is probably a synonym of Episimus argutarms Clemens. It may as well rest there for the present. Both Fernald (1908) and Walsingham (1914) cite aceriella as the type of Gatastega, but as Busck had previously (1903) cited timidella as the type their later citations will not hold. At any rate " Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 128. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 225 the two species are congeneric and very close together and both must go in Epinotia, so no nomenclatorial difficulty is caused either way. Male genitalia figured from specimens in National Collection from Essex Park, New Jersey (Kearfott, " May 20 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection Ameri- can Museum and collection Barnes: Pennsylvania, New Jersey. North Carolina, Vermont, Ontario. Alar expanse.—16-17 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia (signatana) ; lost ? (variant) ; In British Museum ? {subnisana) . Type localities.—Virginia {signatana) ; Pennsylvania {variana) ; " Massachusetts or Maine " (subnisana) . Food plant.—Acer. 48. EPINOTIA NGNANA (Kearfott). Euoosma nonana Kearfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 30. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6960, 1917. Eucosma carplwloga MErrRicK, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. I have seen only the type of this species (a female). It is much like aceriella in appearance but larger and of a different color. The markings are greenish gray on a grayish white ground, making the predominating color to the naked eye a greenish gra3^ Alar expanse.—24 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Pueblo, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 49. EPINOTIA NORMANANA Kearfott. (Pig. 378.) Epinotia normanana Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 156. Enarmonia normanana Barnes and McDtjnnotjgh, Check List, Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7169, 1917. This and the following species are the smallest of the Epinotia without costal fold. They are quite distinct and easily identified. Male genitalia from specimen in National Collection, from Aweme, Manitoba (Criddle, " 27-VI-05 "). All specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes from Manitoba. Alar expanse.—9-10.5 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Aweme, Manitoba. Food plant.—Unknov/n. 226 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59. EPINOTIA NANANA (Treitachke) . (Fig. 377.) Coccyx nanana Teeitschke, Schmett. Eur., vol. 10, pt. 3, 1835, p. 80. Steganoptycha nanana Staudingeb and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 1894, 1901. Eucosma domonana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 79. — Barnes and McDuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 6991, 1917. Epinotia piceafoUana Keaefott, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, 1908, p. 176. Eucosma efficax Meyeick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p, 35. Enarmonia piceafoUana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List, Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7163, 1917. A comparison of the types of domonana and 'piceafoUana easily establishes the synonymy. Both the cotypes of doTnotumui are females so that Kearfott's reference of it to Eucosma (a genus with the costal fold) was a mere guess. His surmise that pioeafoliana might be the same as the European nanana is verified by their genitalia. Male genitalia from reared specimens in National Collection, from Montclair, New Jersey (Kearfott, " VI-3 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : New Jersey, Massachusetts, Maine. Ala/r expanse.—9.5-11 mm. Type.—In collection unknown ? (nanana) ; In American Museum {doTuonana and piceafoUana) . Type localities.—Germany {nanmia) ; Cunningham, Massachusetts {domonana)', Essex Park, New Jersey {piceafoUana). Food plant.—Picea mariana. 51. EPINOTIA MERITANA, new species. (Fig. 381.) Antennae cream white faintly banded above with black. Palpi, face, head and thorax cream color. Fore wing white, banded and cross lined with blackish fuscous ; the dark markings forming an out- wardly angulate basal patch and a transverse post median fascia; the basal patch is much broken by white scaling especially at extreme base of wing ; between basal patch and dark fascia the white shading is most conspicuous, extending from costa to dorsum and containing a very fine median dark line ; outer third of wing brown dusted with black, the white scaling limited to costal strigulae and a slight shad- ing along the outer margin of the post median fascia; four pair of white streaks on outer half of costa, the first and second pair fusing below costa and extending nearly to dorsal margin, forming the light shading which borders outer margin of the dark fascia ; a fine black line along terminal margin; on termen below apex a small white spot ; ocellus nearly obsolete, indicated only by a couple of ob- NORTH AMEEICAN EUCOSMIlSrAE. 227 scure semimetallic vertical bars; a few other leaden scales scattered over the white markings on outer half of wing ; cilia lead gray with a paler shading toward base. Hind wing smoky fuscous ; cilia shin- ing lead gray with a somewhat darker basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—10-11 mm. Ti/pe.—C&t. No. 24853, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—National Collection, American Museum, collection Barnes, and collection E. H. Blackmore. Type locality.—Carbon County, Utah. Food plunt.—Pinus. Described from male type, four male and four female paratype? received from Herbert J. Peck, assistant entomologist of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, who states that the moths were reared from larvae mining pine needles (moths issued May and July, 1921) ; also from one male and three female paratypes collected at A^ictoria, British Columbia (" 18-VII-21," "28-VI-21") by W. R. Carter. A distinct species close to nanana and normanana, but distinguis|;ied from both by the shape of the cucuUus of its harpe. In color and pattern it is most like noTmanana but a trifle darker and with the outer dark fascia of fore wing more clearly defined. 52. EPINOTIA MEDIOPLAGATA (Walsingrham) . (Fig. 343.) Zeiraphera medioplagata Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 516. Epinotia medioplagata Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5236, 1903. — Dyab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 928. Enarmonia medioplagata Baenes and McDunnotjgh, Olieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7161, 1917. An easily recognized species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar, "19700"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—14.5-19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Custer County, Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 53. EPINOTIA LOMONANA (Kearfott). (Fig. 333.) Tortrix lomonana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 82. — Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7370, 1917. Tortrix veneratrix Meybick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 36. 228 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. In placing this species where he did, Kearfott evidently over- looked the very obvious pectination on the median vein of the ]iind wing. It is a good Olethreutid and on all characters runs to Epinotia. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection, from Victoria, British Columbia (A. J. Crocker, "12-9-09"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia, California, Ontario. Alar expanse.—1-^19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Victoria, British Columbia. Food plant.—Unknown. 54. EPINOTIA PURPURICILIANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 344.) Steganoptycha purpuricilimia Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 72. Epi^vot.ia purpurioiliana Fernald, in Dj'ar List N, Amer. Lepid., no. 5224, 1903. Enannonia purpuriciliana Barnes and McDunnough, Checlc List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7151, 1917. I have seen only three specimens of this species, all apparently from the region of Mount Shasta, California; a cotype in the Na- tional Collection, a specimen named by Walsingham (but without locality label) in the Kearfott collection and a specimen from Sihasta Retreat in the Barnes collection. Male genitalia figured from specimen in American Museum. Alar expanse.—14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mount Shasta, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 55. EPINOTIA CRUCIANA (Linnaeus). Phalaena Tortrix cruciana Linnaelts, Fauna Svecicii, no. 1333, 1761. Tortrix augustana Hubneb, Schmet. Europ., 1800, fig. 205. Steganoptijcha cruciana Staudingee and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2003, 1902. Epinotia augustana Feenald, In Dyar List No. Amer. Lepid., no 5228, 1903. Enurmonia cocJdeana Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 137. — Dyab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 929. Laspeyresia cockleana Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7243, 1917. Dyar suggested the synonomy of cockleana with cruciana. An examination of their genitalia proves it. The European species has stood for some time in our lists under the name of its synonym augustana Hiibner. The genitalia agrees with those of plumholin- NORTH AMEBICAN EUCOSMINAE. 229 eaTia Kearfott which is probably nothing but a color variety and the figure (337) under the latter name will answer for both forms. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia. Alar expaTise.—12-15 mm. Types.—In collections unknown (cruciana and augustana) ; Na- tional Collection {cockleana) . Type localities.—Europe {cruciana and augiistana) ; Kaslo, British Columbia {cockleana). Food plant.—Salix. 56. EPINOTIA CRUCIANA PLUMBOLINEANA Kearfott. (Fig. 337.) Epinotia plumbolineana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 33, 1907, p. 53. Enarmonia plumbolineana Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7162, 1917. Kearfott's name probably should be referred as a mere synonym. I am keeping it as a varietal designation on the suspicion that his form may be a true local race. It has the under side of the hind wings somewhat dusted with whitish and considerably paler than the underside of the fore wings, a character I do not find in any of our typical American or European specimens of cruciana. The latter have the under sides of both fore and hind wings concolorous and dark shining fuscous. Male genitalia figured from cotype in National Collection from Wellington, British Columbia (T. Bryant, "June"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Washington, and British Co- lumbia. Alar expanse.—14r-16 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Wellington, British Columbia. Food plant.—Salix. 67. EPINOTIA CRUCIANA ALASKAE, new variety. (Fig. 336.) Differs from typical cruciana in having the head, thorax and basal third of wing dark red-brown, the same shade as the outer dark markings on fore wing and not a clay or putty color. I may not be justified in giving this form a name. I do so, how- ever, for the same reason that I keep Kearfott's plumbolineaTia., namely, that it presumably designates a local race and not a mere color variety. Male genitalia of type figured. 230 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Alar expanse.—13 mm. Type.—Q^i. No. 24854, U.S.KM. Type locality,—Yukon, Alaska. Food plant.—Unknown (probably Salix). Described from a single male type collected by G. I. Huntington, August 3, 1916. 58. EPINOTIA SEPTEMBERANA Kearfott. (Fig. 353.) Epinotia septemberana Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 51. Enarmonm septemberana Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7136, 1917. This and the following two species have a similar pattern. The dorsal area of the fore wing is whitish more or less finely spotted with fuscous, and with two projections into the contrasted dark shade on upper half of the wing, a triangular or subtriangular pro- jection near middle and an arched or rounded one above tornus. In septemherana the triangular projection is not so sharply defined as in vagana and lindana and the arched projection above tornus is ap- preciably flattened. Male genitalia from cotype in National Collection from Essex County Park, New Jersey (Kearfott, "X-27-03"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—16-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Essex County Park, New Jersey. Food plant.—^Unloiown. 59. EPINOTIA VAGANA, new species. (Fig. 335.) With the color scheme of septemberana and the pattern of lindana. Antennae ferruginous above, grayish beneath. Palpi ferruginous with a somewhat purplish tint; shading to grayish white on inner sides. Head ferruginous on sides, ferruginous-ochreous on top. Thorax ferruginous. Fore wing ferruginous with a purplish bloom over costal half and with the dorsal area white, somewhat speckled with fuscous or ferruginous scales; the whitish dorsal area limited above by a fine white line forming a triangular projection at middle and a rounded arch well above tomus; pale area near tornus some- what suffused with ferruginous ochreous; cilia ferruginous with a narrow, longitudinal black streak at tornus. Hind wing very pale smoky fuscous ; cilia whitish with a dark basal band. NORTH AMEEICAN EUCOSMINAE. 231 Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. Type.—Cat No. 24865, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, collection Barnes, and collection E. H. Blackmore. Type locality.—" Liaga, Washington." Food plant.—Pynts ri/vularis. Described from male type; 1 male and three female paratypes from "Liaga, Washington," reared July 20 to 24, 1918, under Quain- tance no. 16568 from larvae on " wild crabapple " (larvae collected May 24, 1918, E. S. Heckard) ; one male and four female paratypes from Victoria, British Columbia (E. H. Blackmore, "13-IX-21"; " l-IX-20 "; "24-IX-21 ") ; 1 female paratype from Duncans, Van- couver Island (Hanham) ; 1 female paratype from Hoquiam, Washington (Burke, "8-30-04"). A distinct species close to and intermediate between septeniberana and lindana. From the former it is distinguished at once by the color of the cilia on fore wing. In septerriberaTia these are whitish at anal angle, above anal angle heavily dusted with blackish and with a fine white basal line which reaches nearly to apex. From lindana it is at once separated by the rose purple or purplish red rather than purplish brown color of the costal half of the fore wing. It is also easily separated from both species by its genitalia. 60. EPINOTIA LINDANA (Fernald). (Fig. 334.) Steganoptycha lindana Feknald, Can. Ent., vol. 24, 1892, p. 178. Epinotia Imdana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5235, 1903. — Dyab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 928.—Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 253. Enarmonia lindana Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer.. no. 7140, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from St. Johns, Quebec (W. Chagnon, " ll-IX-1915 "). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia, California. Alar expanse.—18-20 mm. Type.—In collection Fernald. Type locality.—Hamilton, Ontario. Food plant.—Cornus. 61. EPINOTIA TROSSULANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 367.) OraphoUtha trossulana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 67. 232 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Enarmonia troussulana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5281, 1903. Lasperesia troussulana Baenes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor, Amer., no. 7237, 1917. In the duplicates of Doctor Barnes's collection were found two specimens of this very striking and beautiful species, one from Plumas County, and the other from Castle Lake, Siskiyou County, California. ("Aug. 8-15.") The latter is now in the National Col- lection and its genitalia is here figured. We also have a specimen from Victoria, British Columbia, recently received through Mr. E. H. Blackmore. Alar expanse.—13-14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Hatchet Creek, Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 62. EPINOTIA SIGNIFEBANA, new species. (Fig. 365.) Antennae, palpi, face, head, and thorax grayish fuscous, the tips of the scales white, giving the insect a steel gray appearance. In some specimens head and thorax are somewhat ferruginous ochreous. Fore wing steel gray with the faintest indication of a darker basal patch; at extreme inner angle a short dash of blackish scales; from middle of costa, curving down to end of cell and again upward to apex, a moderately broad irregularly crescent-shaped brown mark- ing, more or less suffused with black; along costa several obscure, small fuscous dashes, most noticeable on apical half; cilia concolor- ous with ground color of wing. Hind wing pale smoky fuscous with faint, wavy, darker mottlings ; cilia concolorous with the faint- est indication of a dark basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—14r-18 mm. Type.~Cat. No. 24856, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—San Diego, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and 6 male paratypes from San Diego, California (type and 3 of the paratypes labeled "W. S. Wright" and dated " 11-14-11," " 11-20-11," and " 11-21-11 ") ; 1 male and 1 female paratype from Reno, Nevada (H. G. Dyar, Sept. 20 to 25, 1915) and 2 male paratypes from Prescott, Arizona ("Oct. 1-7"). A distinct species easily recognized, as it is the only Epinotia with- out costal fold, possessing a curved marking on fore wing from mid costa to apex. The termen of fore wing is straight and slanting and veins 3, 4, and 5 are not approximate at termen. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 233 24. Genus ANCHYLOPERA Stephens. Genotype.—Pyralis luridana Fabricius. Syno7iyms.—Eficharis Hiibner (Preoccupied name). Genotype.— Tortrix derasana Hiibner. Phoxopteris'i^Yoit'&Qhk^e, {Phoxopteryx Authors). Genotype.—Tor- trix siculana Hiibner. Characters as in Ancylis except that it has 7 veins in hind wing; 3 and 4 united. In spite of the fact that the united condition of veins 3 and 4 of hind wing is not a stable character in the Eucosma complex of the subfamily, it seems here to justify separation of Anchylopera and Ancylis; for here we have none of the intergrades to be found in Eucosma and TModia. The veins are always decidedly stalked in Ancylis and always definitely united in Anchylopera. Again all the species with 3 and 4 united have the same wing pattern, a pattern possessed by none of the species of Ancylis proper. Specifically the genus presents considerable difficulty as the few North American species are nearly all mixed in our collections and the names juggled around in a most confusing fashion. To add to the difficulty the genitalia are often so similar as to be no help in separating color forms. The main trouble probably is that we have too many names. Extensive rearings will very likely show that we have only a few distinct species, and that these are variable in size and color and except in rare cases are not confined to single food plants. KET TO THE SPECIES OF ANCHYLOPEKA. A. definitivana, new species, described in Appendix is not included in this key. 1. Fore wing with broad, well marked outer stripe from mid costa, pointing toward tornus ; or if without such, or with the outer stripe obscure, with terminal fourth of wing strongly shaded with ferruginous ochreous or pale clay yellow, or with red basal patch 4 Fore wing without a strongly marked outer stripe from mid costa ; if this is sometimes weakly indicated, then with terminal fourth of wing not dusted with ferruginous ochreous or clay yellow, but with entire pale ground color gi'ayish dirty white; basal patch never red 2 2. Fore wing with terminal area above tornus suffused with leaden blue scales ; extreme apex red (1) nuheculana. Without such leaden blue sufEusion above tornus; extreme apex brown___3 3. White ground color of fore wing slightly dusted with grayish; liead cream white (2) subaequana. White ground color of fore wing well dusted with grayish; head sordid ochreous (3) var. kincaidiana. 4. Basal patch and outer dark markings of fore wing concolorous and black- ish fuscous 5 Basal patch and outer dark markings of fore wing not concolorous; or if so not blackish fuscous 7 234 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5. Outer transverse stripe from mid costa broadening into a fuscous blotch covering entire lower terminal area (6) semiovana. Lower terminal area not suffused with fuscous 6 6. Terminal area of fore wing near tornus faintly bluish (4) discigerana. Terminal area near tornus not bluish (5) spiraeifoliana. 7. Basal patch blackish; outer marking and dustings on fore wing a con- trasting ferruginous ochreous 8 Basal patch red, brownish ochreous, ferruginous brown, or ferruginous ochreous ; if sometimes very dark brown then with outer dark marking not a contrasting ferruginous ochreous 9 8. Hind wing dark smoky fuscous (9) burgessiana. Hind wing whitish (10) var. pnini. 9. Lower terminal area of fore wing whitish with a single distinct black dot near tornus (14) pulchellana. Lower terminal area not so marked 10 10. Basal patch strongly marked ; if faint then with upper margin shaded with blackish fuscous 11 Basal patch nearly obsolete (13) platanana. 11. Basal patch shaded on upper margin with blackish fuscous__(8) maritima. Basal patch not so dark margined 12 12. Basal patch dark fuscous brown (7) angulifasciana. Basal patch ochreous or ferruginous brown 13 13. Cilia of fore wing below apex cream white, faintly suffused with ferruginous ochreous (11) laciniana. Cilia of fore wing below apex more ferruginous ochreous than whitish. (12) fuscociliana, 1. ANCHYLOPKRA NUBECULANA aemens. (Fig. 388.) Anchylopera nubeculana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 349. Phoxopteris nubeculana Zetj^ee, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 249.—Riley, Rept. U. S. Dept Agr., 1878, p. 239, Anoylis nubeculana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5240, 1903. — Kearfott, Can. Ent., vol, 37, 1905, p. 253.—Leach, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 435, 1916. — Baenes and McDuknough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7174, 1917. This species is economically the most important of the Anchylopera and the best known. It is a common apple pest. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from New Brighton, Pennsylvania ("H. D. Merrick, V-27-04"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: Pennsylvania, New Jersej^, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Iowa, Michigan, Manitoba, Ontario. Alar expanse.—14r-16,5 mm. Type.—In Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Type locality.—Pennsylvania? Food plant.—Apple. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 235 2. ANCHYLOPERA SUBAEQUANA (Zellcr). (Fig. 390.) Plwxopteris suhaequana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 254. Ancylis subaequana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5241, 1903.— , Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7175, 1917. Zeller described this species from three specimens, two males and one female. The males are probably in the British Museum and one of these must be considered the actual type. The female is now in the Fernald Collection. It is much smaller than typical specimens of suhaeqitana and is very likely not that species. It has more the size and appearance of one of the angulifasciana group. However that may be, it need cause no great difficulty, as the true suhaeqitana is quite distinct from other species in this genus. Its extremely long, slender aedoeagus at once identifies it. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Sabec Lake, Maine ("June 25-30"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collect on Barnes : North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maine, Ontario, Oregon. Alar expanse.—14-17 mm. Type.—In British Museum ?. Type locality.—"Maine or Massachusetts." Food plant.—Unknown. 3. ANCHYLOPERA SUBAEQUANA KINCAIDIANA (Femald). Phoxopteris kincaidiaim Feknald, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 500. Ancylis Mncaidiana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5627, 1903. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7204, 1917. Described as a distinct species but has the same genitalia as sub- aequana. It differs in having a sordid ochreous rather than a cream white head. The costal and outer areas of the wing also have the white ground color more suffused and obscured by grayish dusting than typical specimens of subaequana., but these characters are by no means constant. I am holding it therefore as nothing but a northwestern race of Zeller's species. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Musemn, and collection Barnes : Alaska, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Metlakahtla, Alaska. Food plant.—^Unknown. ' 236 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4. ANCHYLOPERA DISCIGERANA (Walker). (Fig. 392.) GraphoUta discigerana Walk.er, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 384. ? Anchylopera lamiana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 513. Phoxopteryx discigerana Waxsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 72. Ancylis discigerana Fesnau), in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5242, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7176, 1917. Just what this name stands for can not be ascertained without careful comparison with Walker's type. His description would apply to almost any Anchylopera. As it is, Walsingham, Fernald, Kearfott, and others have agreed upon a certain California form as Walker's species. This appears to be quite variable, as many speci- mens have the palpi fuscous, while others from the same localities have them nearly pure white. We have also in the National Collection a series of moths from the Shasta region which, while not distinguish- able on external characters from the supposedly typical disaigercDna, exhibit so reduced a cucuUus that they appear to represent a distinct species. I believe they are only a local race, but hesitate to describe them under any designation until the identity of the true discigerena is established. Pending further information I am determining the form with white palpi as typical. Like subaequana, maritinia., and anguUfascia7ia, discigerana lacks the uncus. A. lamiana Clemens is referred to the synonomy on suspicion. The type is lost; but the description seems to fit. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Placer County, California ("A. H. Vachell, V-1"). Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from California. Alar expanse.—15-19 mm. Type.—^In British Museum (discigeranu); lost (lamiana). Type locality.—Nova Scotia, (discigerana); Brunswick, Maine, (lamimia). Food plant.—^Unknown. 5. anchylopera SPIRAEIFOLIANA Clemens. (Fig. 395.) Anchylopera spireaefoliana OleImens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 348. GraphoUta rnetamelana Walkeb, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 385. GraphoUta discoferana Walkee, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 386. Phoxopteryx spiraeifoUana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 72.—Beutenmuller, Ent. Amer., vol. 5, 1889, p. 39. AncyUs spiraeifoUana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5246, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7183, 1917. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 237 In his description Clemens states that syiraeifoliana has the dark markings reddish brown. This is contradicted by the supposed "type" which has them dark grayish fuscous without a trace of ferruginous and this has led to much confusion. Of course a rearing from larvae feeding on Spiraea would settle the identity of spiraeifo- liana but unfortunately none of the collections possesses a reared specimen (unless the " type " be such) and I doubt if any one since Clemens has actually reared the species. For the present therefore 1 am accepting the type as authentic, and determining and keying the species accordingly. If Clemens's description rather than his " type " shall hold, laciniana Zeller will fall as a synonym. The Walker species {metamelana and discoferana) were placed in the synonymy by Walsingham. On that authority and on the assump- tion that Walsingham knew the true spiraeifoliana they must, for the present at least, be so retained. I find among the Kearfott duplicates several specimens from Wyo- ming County, Pennsylvania (" VI-lT-06, W. D. Kearfott"), that agree with the " type " of spiraeifoliana in Philadelphia. A series of these is now in each of the three collections. The Fernald collection also contains what purports to be a " homotype " of spiraeifoliana. It has no locality label and is considerably smaller than the type, but otherwise seems to agree. Superficially spiraeifoliana much resembles angulifasciana. It is larger, however, and has a well developed uncus. The latter organ is lacking in Zeller's species. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. All specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes from Pennsylvania. Alar expanse.—13.5-16.5 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia {spiraeifo- lianm) ; in British Museum {metamelana and discoferana) . Type localities.—Pennsylvania? {^spiraeifoliana) \ "North Amer- ica " {metamelana and discoferana) . Food plant.—Spirasa opulifolia. 6. ANCHYLOPERA SEMIOYANA (Zeller). (Fig. 393.) Phoxopteris semiovana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 250. Ancylis semiovana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5248, 1903. — Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 360. — Barnes and Mc- DUNNOUGH, Check Lfst Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7178, 1917. This species seems to have given no difficulty. The extension of the outer fascia into a fuscous suffusion below the costa readily iden- 7806—23 16 238 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tifies it. Like angulifaciana which it most nearly resembles it has a well developed uncus. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Forest Glen, Maryland (" 6-2-14, O. Heidemann"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes : Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Iowa. Alar expanse.—15-16mm. Type.—In British Museum? Type locality.—New York. Food plant.—Unknown. 7. ANCIIYLOPEEA ANGULIFASCIANA (Zeller). (Fig. 391.) Phoasopteris anguUfasciana Zeu^er, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 256.—Febnald, Psyche, vol. 3, 1880, p. 88. Ancylis anguUfasdiana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5253. — Grossard, Bull. Ohio, Agr. Exp. Sta., no. 297, 1916. — Barnes and McDttn- NOTJGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7180, 1917. Ancylis mtermediana Keakfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 56. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7182, 1917. Zeller's types of this species are probably all in the British Mu- seum. There are, however, in the Fernald collection two specimens labeled "North America" and bearing Zeller's green label. These may or may not be part of the original type material. They are un- doubtedly authentic specimens of the true angvMfasciana. Kear- fott's intevmediana differs in no way from them and must fall as a synonym. I can find no characters on which to separate it even as a local race. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Wooster, Ohio ("5-15-05"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Massa- chusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Washington, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario. Alar expanse.—9-13 mm. Types.—In British Museum {angyZifasoiana) ; in American Museum {intermediana) . Type localities.—Ohio (angulifascianai) ; Wellington, British Co- lumbia (intermediana). Food plant.—Trifolium. 8. ANCHYLOPERA MARITIMA (Dyar). (Fig 394.) Ancylis maritima Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 6, 1904, p. 221. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7184, 1917. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 239 In size, structure, and general appearance very close to anguli- fascian.'a. Like the latter, it lacks an uncus, but it is at once dis- tinguished by the more elongate cucuUus of its harpe. Male genitalia figured from paratype in National Collection from the type locality. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Rhode Island and Maine. Alar expanse.—11-13 mm. Types.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Weeka'pa.ugh, Rhode Island. Food plant.—Lathyrus maritima. 9. ANCHYLOPERA BURGESSIANA (Zeller). (Fig. 396.) Phoxopteris 'burgessiana Zeller, Yerli. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 3875, p. 252. Phoxopteris murtfeldtiana Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 323. Ancylis burgessio/na Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5248, 1903. — Barnes and McDtjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7186, 1917. Ancylis murtfeldtiana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5244, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7179, 1917. A comparison of the types of hurgessiana and murtfeldtiana shows them to be the same species. The work of the larvae is fairly com- mon in the vicinity of Washington, District of Columbia, on the chestnut and chinquapin, as well as several of the oaks, and I have reared the typical form from chestnut. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Wyoming County, Pennsylvania ("VI-17-06, W. D. Kearfott"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Missouri, Pennsylvania, Massa- chusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey. Alo/r expanse.—11-15 mm. Types.—In collection Fernald {hurgessiana) ; in National Col- lection {murtfeldtiana). Type localities.—Beverly, Massachusetts {hurgessiana) ; Missouri, {murtfeldtiana) . Food plants.—Oak, chestnut, chinquapin. 10. ANCHYLOPERA BURGESSIANA PRUNI, new variety. Like hurgessiana Zeller from which it differs only in the color of the hind wing, which is a very pale smoky fuscous, almost white, with a slight yellowish shade toward apex. Alar expanse.—10-15 mm. Type.—C^i. No. 24857, U.S.N.M. 240 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes, Type locality.—Caldwell, New Jersey. Food plant.—Prunus. Described from male type from Caldwell, New Jersey (" May 17-03, W. D. Kearfott"), 3 male paratypes from Oak Station, Penn- sylvania ("May 22-08," and " V-22-10," "Fred Marloff"), 2 male paratype from St. Louis, Missouri ("¥-14^05, McElhose"), 1 male paratype labeled, " from cultivated cherry, 5-22-85 " and 1 male paratype labeled "273 M, on wild cherry, ^29-85." The last two specimens have been for many years in the National Collection un- der the name hurgessiana Zeller. In view of the confusion and uncertainty that prevails in regard tc several species in this genus (namely, laciniana., spiraeifoliana^ duh- iana, and pulchelluna) I dislike to add a further name to the list. It is advisable, however, to have names to distinguish the oak and Prurnis feeding forms. I think they are one species; but there is always the possibility that they are not, and since they are at least distinguishable as food plant races on the color of the hindwings it seems but the wisdom of caution to so separate them. A too fine splitting can always be corrected, but a false lumping is not as easily remedied and is fruitful of nothing but confusion. 11. ANCHYLOPERA LACINIANA (Zeller). (Fig. 397.) Phoxopteris laciniana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 253. Ancylis laciniana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5247, 1903. — Ke'akfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 253. — Babnes and McDunnouigh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7190, 1917. This species has also been badly juggled. Zeller's description is plain enough and can hardly refer to anything else than the form here determined. There is, however, in the Fernald collection a specimen from Massachusetts, labeled in Zeller's handwriting and possibly one of his cotypes, which agrees better with what I am call- ing spiraeifoliana than with any of our conceptions of laciniana; but then it does not agree with Zeller's description either and as there is little likelihood of its being the actual type we need not appeal to it against the description. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Mountain Lake, Virginia ("14-21, June, 1907, A. F. Braun"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : North Carolina, Virginia, Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Massachusetts. Alar expanse.—13.5-16 mm. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 24J Type.—In British Museum? Type locality.—Massachusetts. Food plant.—Unknown. 12. ANCHYLOPERA FUSCOCILIANA Clemens. (Fig, 399.) AncJiylopera fuscociliana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 512. Anchylopera duMana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 512. Ancylis duMana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5249, 1903. — Keakfott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 254. — Baenes and McDtjnnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7187, 1917. The name fuscociliana was omitted from the Dyar and Barnes and McDunnough lists, as Fernald did not recognize the species. The types, or what purport to be the types, of both it and dubiana are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Science at Phila- delphia. They agree with each other and with what Kearfott had in his collection under the two names. I have my doubts that either is anything but a poor variety of laciniana. They average a trifle smaller and there is somewhat more of a yellow suffusion on the white areas and in the cilia of the forewing, but otherwise there is little difference. In genitalia structure there is nothing to separate fuscociliana from laciniana, or for that matter from hurgessiana or platanana, and in a long series of collected adults from a given locality there is even a gradual transition in color and pattern from typical platanana to typical hurgessiana. In this series fuscociliana comes between laciniana and platanana. I am of the opinion that all these forms are nothing but varieties of a single variable species with many food plants. Extensive rearings will be necessary to determine how correct is this assumption. In the mean- time we must keep them under separate names. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Mountain Lake, Virginia ("June 14r-21, 1907, Annette F. Braun"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Virginia, North Carolina, Penn- sylvania, Ohio, New Jersey. Alar expanse.—11-14 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia. Type locality.—Virginia. Food plant.—Unknown. 13. ANCHYLOPERA PLATANANA Clemens. (Fig, 398.) Anchylopera platanana Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 349, PTwxopteris marcidana Zelleb, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 260. Phoxopteris platanana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 145. 242 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ancylis platanana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5254, 1903. — Baknes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7191, 1917. This is the well known sycamore feeder. In addition to typical pale specimens with the basal patch nearly obsolete I have before me what I take to be a darker variety with well defined faun brown basal patch and a well defined reddish outer bar on fore wing. Most of these specimens are from Colorado and may represent a distinct species. I hesitate to describe them or to include them under platanana, as none of them have been reared. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Oak Station, Pennsylvania ("Fred Marloff, 19 May, 1900"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: District of Columbia, Mary- land, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas. Alar expanse.—10-16 mm. Types.—In Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (platkmana) ; Museum Comparative Zoology (marcidana). Type'' localities.—Pennsylvania (platanana) ; Dallas, Texas (mar- cidana) . Food plant.—Platanus. 14. ANCHYLOPERA PULCHELLANA Clemens. (Fig. 389.) Anohylopera pulchellana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 511. Proteopteryx pulcliellana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5218, 1903. Ancylis pulchellana Keabfott, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, 1907, p. 159. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7181, 1917. This species is distinguishable by the red-brown basal patch and the small but conspicuous black dot on the whitish tornal area of the fore wing. These characters are given in Clemens description. They are not present however in the specimen in Philadelphia which Fer- nald selected as the probable type. This latter is referable to laci- niana as are many of the specimens which have been determined as pulchellana. The actual type of pulchellana is probably nonexistant. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Merchantville, New Jersey (" V-26-1904"). Specimens in National Collection, American Museum, and collec- tion Barnes from New Jersey. Alar expanse.—13-16 mm. Ty^e.—Lost? Type locality.—Virginia. Food plant.—Unknown. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 243 ANCHYLOPERA LUNDANA (Fabricius). This European species was recorded from Oregon by Walsingham and still appears in our lists. I have never seen an American moth, however, that agreed with European specimens of Iwndana and am inclined to the belief that it does not occur here and should be dropped from our lists. 25. Genus ANCYLIS Hubner. (Pigs. 13, 35.) Genotype.—Pyralis laetana Fabricus. Fore wing smooth; termen concave between veins 3 and 6; apex distinctly falcate; 12 veins, 7 and 8 separate; 10 from about mid- way between 9 and 11; 9 not closely approximate to 8; 11 from cell at, or just before middle of cell; upper internal vein of cell from be- tween 10 and 11; 3, 4, and 5 more or less approximate at termen; 2 straight or very slightly bent up toward termen; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins; 6 and 7 approximate toward base; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpe narrowly elongate; cucullus sharply defined, long and narrow; neck incurvation normally pronounced and broad; neck smooth; sacculus without spine clusters and very sparsely clothed with hair like spines; costal hook weak, frequently absent and replaced by membrane as in Rhyacionia. Uncus present or absent; if present, bifid and hook like. Socii greatly developed, very broad and densely haired. Gnathos greatly reduced almost com- pletely fused with socii. Aedoeagus slender; straight or slightly curved; moderately long to very long. A direct derivative from Epinotia. To be distinguished chiefly by its falcate fore wing (fig. 13). The genitalia are not structurally different from those of EpiTwtia. KET TO THE SPECIES OF ANCTUS. 1. Fore wing bronzy brown with a metallic luster (18) loricana. Fore wing not bronzy brown nor with a metallic luster 2 2. Fore wing with an outer dark transverse fascia or a dark cresent on outer half of costa 3 Fore wing without such 7 3. Fore wing with dark crescent from mid costa to apex (15) torontana. Fore wing with a dark transverse outer fascia 4 4. Costa of fore wing broadly margined with pure white, finely strigulated with black and interrupted at middle by the dark fascia— (14) mediofasciana. Costa of fore wing sometimes pale but not pure white 5 5. Fore wing with an obscure whitish gray triangular patch on mid-dorsal mar- gin and a grayish white patch at tornus (9) carbonana. Fore wing without such 6 244 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6. Ground color of fore wing much broken by wavy blackish vertical lines. (12) unguicella. Ground color of fore wing little broken by vertical blackish lines. (13) paclficana. 7. Fore wing with a sinuate whitish longitudinal line 8 Fore wing without such line 9 8. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wing very short stalked, often nearly connate. (11) goodelliaaa. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wing moderately long stalked (lO)diminutana. 9 Fore wing with a defined basal patch 11 Fore wing without defined basal patch 10 10. Fore wing with costa from base almost to apex broadly margined with pure unmarked white (17) albacostana. Fore wing with costa of the brownish ground color, faintly strigulated, from base with blackish and toward apex with white (16) tineana. 11. Basal patch of fore wing continuing to costa; if obscured toward costa, then costa at base broadly smeared with semilustrous leaden purple or steel blue scales 12 Basal patch not continued to costa ; costa at base whitish ochreous or gray strigulated with brown or black 1 14 12. Head white or whitish (5) divisana. Head decidedly ochreous 13 f (7) muricana. 13. Basal patch of fore wing dark purplish 1 ^g^ ^^^^ cornifoliana. Basal patch ferruginous ochreous (6) apicana. 14. Basal patch and outer dark shading of fore wing brown or brownish red- 15 Basal patch and outer dark shading of fore wing ferruginous orange. (3) var. fragariae. (1) comptana. 15. Dark shadings of fore wing distinctly brown . ^2) var cometana Dark shadings of fore wing brownish red (4) var. floridana. 1. ANCYLIS COMPTANA (Frohlich). Tortrix comptana Feohlich, Enumer. Tort. Wurt., 1828, p. 99. OraphoUta conflexana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 384. Phoxopteris comptana Zellek, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 24, 1875, p. 257. Ancylis comptana Febnald, In Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5252, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7185, 1917. This is the species known to our economic literature as the " straw- berry leaf roller." In Europe it has a number of food plants of the rose and mint families. Here it is most commonly found on strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries. I was inclined to re- gard Zeller's species amblygona and -floridana as mere color varieties which should be treated as synonyms. Dr. W. T. M. Forbes, how- ever, thinks that they can be held as local races; the typical comp- tana as the dark form ranging from northern New Jersey north- ward, fragariae {amblygona) as the pale form from southern New Jersey, Ohio, and Missouri westward and southward; and floridana as the dark form ranging from southern New Jersey southward. The NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE, 245 light form {fragariae) however has been taken in Colorado and as far north as South Dakota and has been reported from Canada which would extend its range as far north as that of the dark typical Gomptana. I do not know how the varieties run according to food plant, as nearly all the reared specimens from strawberry and rasp- berry in our collections are of the fragariae variety. All the Euro- pean specimens in our collection are the dark form, and all the typical corresponding American specimens of northern distribution, that I have seen, are collected specimens without food plant data. There are no genitalia differences distinguishing the supposed races, and the probabilities are that at most we will be able to recognize but two forms a light and a dark with pretty general distribution. For the present, pending further rearings, I am keeping the several names as racial designation, applying Walsinghams' cometana to the dark western form. This was described as a distinct species. His figure is very poor but the description fits very well the dark form of comptana. I have seen nothing else to which it could apply. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Maine, Ontario, Quebec. Alar expanse.—10-14 mm. Types.—In collection unlaiown {comptana) ; in British Museum {conflexana) . Type localities.—Germany {comptana) ; Nova Scotia {conflexana). Food plants.—Potentilla., Dryas.^ Poterium^ Thymus.^ Teucrium (European records). 2. ANCYLIS COMPTANA COMETANA (Walsingham) . Phoxopteryx cometana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 74. AncyWs cometana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5264, 1903.— Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer,, no. 7201, 1917. This is probably nothing but a synonym of co'mptana\ but in as much as we are holding fragariae and floridana as races the name may be retained for dark western specimens of compta^na. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Manitoba, Alaska. Alar expanse.—11-13 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Unknown (probably same as other varieties of comptana) . 246 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3. ANCYLIS COMPTANA FRAGARIAE (Walsh and Riley), (Fig. 406.) Anchylopera fragariae Walsh and Rh-ey, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, 1869, p. 89; Ins. Mo., vol. 1, 1869, p. 142. Phoxopteria amblygona Zeller, Vehr. Zool.-bot. Ges., vol. 25, 1875, p. 259. Ancylis amblygona Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5251, 1903. — 'Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7188, 1917. Ancylis comptana Feenau>, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no, 5252, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7185, 1917. All our reared specimens from strawberry, blackberry, and rasp- berry in the National Collection are of this variety. We also have a single specimen labeled " on Solidago, iss. May 25-84," Male genitalia figured from reared specimen in National Collec- tion from Vineland, New York (" #6687, on blackberry, 9-July -95"), ^ Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Illinois, New York, Missouri, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Louisiana, Colorado, South Dakota, Alar expanse.—9-13 mm. Types.—^In National Museum (fragar^iae) ; in British Museum? (amblygona) . Type localities.—Illinois (fragariae) ; Washington, District of Columbia (arriblygona). Food plants.—Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, Solidago? 4, ANCYUS COMPTANA FLORIDANA (Zeller), Phoxopteris floridana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 258. Ancylis floridana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5250, 1903. Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid Bor. Amer., no. 7189, 1917. The only reared specimens I have seen answering to this supposed race are a series in the National Collection from Whiting, New Jersey, reared from bearberry. They are more distinctly reddish than typical eastern comptana and much darker than the usual run of fragariae. Alar expanse.—11-12 mm. Type.—In British Museum? Type locality.—Ohio. Food plant.—Arctostaphylos. 6. ANCTLIR DIVISANA (Walker). (Fig. 400,) OraphoUta divisana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 385. Phoxopteryx divisana Walsingham, IUus, Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 74. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 247 Ancylis divisana. Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5255, 1903. — Baenes and McDuNNOUGH, Ctieck List Lepid. Bor. Amer. no. 7192, 1917. The well-known oak Ancylis. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Hampton, New Hampshire (" V-30-1906, S. A. Shaw"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: District of Columbia, Mary- land, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Massa- chusetts, Maine, Missouri, Illinois. Alar expanse.—10-14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Nova Scotia. Food plant.—Quercus. 6. ANCYLIS APICANA (Walker). (Fig. 402.) Orapholita apicana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 35, 1866, p. 1795. Phoxopteryx apicana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 73. Ancylis apicana Fernaxd, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5256, 1903. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7193, 1917. Very close to divisana in color and genitalia, but apparently dis- tinct. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Hampton, New Hampshire ("VI-6-1908, S. A. Shaw"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum and collection Barnes : Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Maine, Minnesota, Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—11-13 mm. Type.—^In Britism Museum. Type locality.—Nova Scotia. Food plant.—^Unknown. 7. ANCYUS MURICANA (Walsingham). (Fig. 401.)° phoxopteryx muricana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 74. Ancylis muricana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no 5258. — ^Keaefott, Ins. N. J., 1909, p. 545. — Babnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7195, 1917. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from 'Washington, District of Columbia ("Jan. 1900, Busck"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: District of Columbia, Virginia, ^Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York. 248 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Almc expanse.—10-12 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—District of Columbia. Food plant.—Ruhus (blackberry). 8. ANCYLIS MURICANA CORNIFOLIANA (Riley). (Fig. 403.) Phoxopteris comifoliana Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1881, p. 324. Ancylis comifoliana Feknaxd, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5257, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7194, 1917. I can see no difference between Eiley's type and typical specimens of muricana and only hold comifoliana on the suspicion that there may possibly be a larval difference. The genitalia offer no help as these organs are alike in all four of the forms in this group {divisana^ apicana^ Tnuricana, and comifoliana) . Male genitalia figured from type. This is the only specimen reared from Gomus that I have seen. In the Fernald collection there is one labeled, " comifoliana on black birch." Alar expanse.—10 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Manhattan, Kansas. Food plants.—Gomus.) Betula. 9. ANCYLIS CARBONANA, new species. (Fig. 407.) Palpi and face gray. Head and thorax ferruginous dusted with gray. Fore wing dark ferruginous brown, somewhat dusted with blackish; basal half of costa suffused with pale gray; from middle of costa a somewhat darker shade of the ground color forms a faint oblique fascia to dorsum before tornus ; over ocelloid patch and fus- ing with this fascia a similar dark shading ; costa strigulated through- out with black and on outer half with white ; on dorsum just beyond middle a very obscure, roughly triangular grayish white patch and on tornus an irregular somewhat variable, grayish white ocelloid patch, often markedly indented on its inner margin; cilia dark fer- ruginous fuscous at apex, with a strong white patch divided by a narrow black line just below apex, from thence around tornus fuscous with a broad white or whitish basal band. Hind wing dark smoky fuscous; cilia slightly paler with a dark basal band. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse.—12.5-16.5 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Paratypes.—Cat. No. 24858, U.S.N.M., also in American Museum and collection Barnes. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 249 Type locaUty.—Scranton, Pennsylvania. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and female paratype from Scranton, Pennsylvania ("A. E. Lister, V-15-1905 ") ; one female paratype from Hampton, New Hampshire (S. A. Shaw) ; two male and one female paratypes from Sebec Lake, Maine; and three female para- types from Mountain Lake, Virginia ("June 14-21, 1907, A. F. Braun"). In addition to the specimens selected as types I have be- fore me specimens from Hazelton, Pennsylvania, Framingham, Massachusetts, and Wliite River, Ontario. This is the species that has been going under the name uncana Hiibner in our lists. The latter does not occur in our fauna. In carbonaTia. the hind wings are much darker and the mid-dorsal pale patch is fainter than in the European species. The aedoeagus of the male genitalia is also considerable shorter and the harpe narrower. Kearfott evidently noted the difference for he had some of the smaller specimens set aside under the manuscript name carbonana^ which I have here adopted. 10. ANCYLIS DIMINUTANA (Haworth). (Fig. 404.) Tortrix dim'mutana Haworth, Lepid. Brit., 1812, p. 452. Ancj/lis dimirmtano, Staudingeb and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2276, 1901. Ancylis diminuatmva Kearfott, Proc. U, S. Nat Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 361 ; Cat. Ent, vol. 37, 1905, p. 254. — Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid., Bor. Amer., no. 7205, 1917. Kearfott's diminuatana is nothing but the European diminutana redescribed under practically the same name, and I am strongly of the opinion that the so-called hiar-cuana Stephens is another syno- nym. European authors separate the two on size and the difference in the outer arch of the median white line of the fore wing. This latter character is variable in our American specimens and we have typical specimens of diminutana as large as hiarcuana. Both have the same venation (3 and 4 of the hind wing very short stalked, sometimes practically connate) and the same food plant. There is no difference in their genitalia. Male genitalia figured from a Kearfott cotype in the National Col- lection from Plummer Island, Maryland ("May, 1903, August Busck"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Dis- trict of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Colorado, British Columbia. Manitoba. Alar expanse.—11-16 mm. 250 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Types.—In collection unknown {diTninutoMa) ; in American Mu- seum {diminuatana) . Type localities.—England {diminutana) ; Caldwell, New Jersey (diminuatana) . Food plant.—Salix. 11. ANCYUS GOODELLIANA (Pemald). (Fig. 411.) Phoxopteris goodelUana Feknald, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 10, 1882, p. 69. Ancylis goodelUana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5261, 1903. — Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, pp. 361, 362.—Baenes and McDuNNouGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7198, 1917. Distinguished from diminutanu by its genitalia, the more whitish costa of its fore wing, and a longer stalking of veins 3 and 4 of hind wing. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Framingham, Massachusetts ("VI-5-1906, C. A. Frost"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, New Jersey, Florida, Wis- consin, Colorado, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Type.—In collection; Fernald. Type locality.—Maine. Food plant.—Unknown. 12. ANCYLIS UNGUICELLA (Linnaeus). (Fig. 409.) Phalaena Tinea unguicella Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1760, p. 536. Anchylopera plagosana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 2, 1846, p. 417. Ancylis unguisella STAtmiNGEE and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2271, 1901. Ancylis plagosana Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5262, 1903. Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, p. 2.54. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7199, 1917. There are no pattern or genitalia differences between plagosana and unguicella. At most they could be but racially distinguished and I do not believe even such a splitting would be valid. There seems to be a little more intensity in the black dusting in American speci- mens, but they are somewhat variable and the character is not con- stant. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Aweme, Manitoba ("18-V^5, Criddle"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: British Columbia, Manitoba, Alaska, NORTH AMEEICAN EUCOSMINAE. 251 Alar expanse.—15-18 mm. Types.—In collection unknown {unguicella) ; Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia {plagosana). Type localities.—Europe {unguicella) ; Labrador {plagosana) . Food plant.—Erica (European record). ANCYUS PACIFICANA (Walsingham), (Fig. 410.) Phoxopteryx paciflcana Walsingham, IUus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 73. Ancylis padficana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer, Lepid., no. 5263, 1908. — Dyab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 928.—BAEistEs and McDun- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7200, 1917. Very close to unguicella and often confused with that species. Most of the British Columbia specimens that have gone under the name paciflcana are unguicella. Walsingham's species averages larger and has the whitish gray areas more evenly colored and less marked with blackish than unguicella. It also has a shorter aedoeagus. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection (from Placer County, California " VI-A. H. V."). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: California, British Columbia, Colorado. Alar expanse.—18-22 mm. Type.—British Museum. Type locality.—Mendocino County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 14. ANCYLIS MEDI0FAS€IANA (Clemens). (Fig. 412.) Anchylopera mediofasciana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 511. PhoxQpteris mediofasciana Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 248. Ancylis mediofasciana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5239.— Dyak, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, 1904, p. 928.—Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 37, 1905, pp. 89, 253. — Baenes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7173, 1917. A striking species not easily confusable with anything else. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from San Diego, California ("3-12-10, W. S. Wright"). Distribution according to specimens National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes: California, Manitoba, Maine, Ontario. Alar expcmse.—15-20 mm. 252 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Type.—Lost ? Type locality.—Maine. Food plant.—Unknown. 15. ANCYUS TORONTANA (Kearfott). Pi'oteoteras torontcma Keabfott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 50. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7133, 1917. The type is a male in very poor condition, without abdomen and much stained, which probably accounts for the yellowish tint of the ground color mentioned by Kearfott in his description. Except for the brown crescent from midcosta to apex, the type is like mediofas- ciana. In some specimens of the latter there is a suggestion of a dark shade connecting the fascia and the dark apical spot, but I have seen no true mediofascimia which had an unbroken brown crescent on the outer half of costa. With more material from the type locality torontana may prove to be but an aberration of Clemens' species ; but for the present it must be kept separate. Alar expanse.—20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Toronto, Canada.. Food plant.—Unknown. 16. ANCYLIS TINEANA (Htibner). (Fig. 405.) Tortrix tineana Hubnek, Schmet. Eur., Tort., 1800, fig. 81. Anchylopera ocellana Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 510. Pandemia leucophaleratana Packard, Proc. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1866, p. 56. Ancylis tineaiia Staudingeb and Rebel, Cat. Lepid., vol. 2, no. 2268, 1901. Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5266, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7203, 1917. A striking species easily recognized by its unique genitalia. Male genitalia figured from European specimen in National Col- lection. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Manitoba. Alar expanse.—14^16 mm. Types.—In collection unknown {tineana) ; lost? {ocellana) ; Mu- seum Comparative Zoology {l&acophalerataTia) . Type localities.—Europe {tineana) ; New Brunswick, Maine {ocellana) ; Hopedale, Labrador {leiocophcderatana) . Food plant.—Populus. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 253 17. ANCYLIS ALBACOSTANA Kearfott. (Fig. 408.) Anci/Us albacostana Kearfott, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, 1905, p. 360. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7206, 1917. A striking species at once to be recognized by the shining white unmarked costa of fore wing. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Miller, Indiana ("A. K. Wyatt, V-19-18"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Amer- ican Museum, and collection Barnes: North Carolina, Colorado, Indiana. Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Colorado. Food plant.—Unknown. 18. ANCYLIS LORICANA (Grote). Phoxoiiteris loricana Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 12, 1880, p. 218. Ancylis loricana Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5265, 1903. — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7202, 1917. The unique type is the only specimen of this species 1 have seen. It is unlike any other Olethreutid. The fore wings are a bronzy brown of a metallic luster, with orange yellow markings on the costa near apex and bordering the outer side of the ocelloid spot. The hind wings are a dark bronzy fuscous. Alar expanse.—18 mm. Type.—In collection Fernald. Type locality.—Dayton, Ohio. Food plant.—-Unknown. ANCYLIS BIARCUANA (Stephens). None of our collections contain any typical specimens of hiarcuana^ and Kearfott,^' is probably correct in his surmise that it does not occur in our fauna, unless, as I suspect, hiarcuanxi is only a larger variety of diminutana Haworth. In any case it should be dropped from our lists, as hiarcuana Stephens is nomen nudum. 26. Genus HYSTRICOPHORA Walsingham. (Figs. 41, 42, 43, 44, 417.) Genotype.—Hystricophora leonana Walsingham. Fore wing smooth ; termen markedly concave between veins 4 and 7 ; 12 veins ; 7 and 8 separate ; 10 from cell nearer to 9 than to 11 ; » Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 362, 1905. 7806—23 17 254 BULLiETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. 9 not closely approximate to 8; 11 from middle of cell; upper in- ternal vein of cell from between 10 and 11; 3, 4, and 5 not closely approximate at termen; 2 straight or very nearly so; no costal fold in male. Hind wing with 8 veins ; 6 and 7 approximate toward base ; 3 and 4 stalked. Male genitalia with harpes divided and often assymetrical, costa free nearly to base ; cucuUus and sacculus not differentiated. Uncus developed ; triangular ; long ; strong ; bifid. Socii and gnathos absent. Aedoeagus decidedly curved; long; stout; cornuti a longitudinal series of short, heavy, curved, thornlike spines. Eighth abdominal segment distinctly modified. In addition to its peculiar genitalia which are like those of no other genus in the Olethreutidae, Hystricophora has a wing character that will also serve to identify it. The termen is decidedly concave and veins 3, 4, and 5 are not approximate at termen (fig. 12). In other genera whenever the termen is appreciably concave, these veins are always approximate at termen. The genitalia are very heavy and so constructed that it is difficult to secure good mounts without dissecting the parts. For this reason it is nearly impossible to take a satisfactory photograph from slides. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HYSTRICOPHORA. H. ostentatrix, new species, described in the appendix is not included in this key. 1. Fore and hind wings both white (11) vestaliana. Fore and liind wings not both white; if fore wing white, hind wing darli brown 2 2. Fore wing white, whitish gray, or whitish ochreous 3 Fore wing ochreous brown or dull golden ochreous 6 3. Fore wing with a narrow evenly concave black line within termen. (10) kokana. Fore wing without such ; if with black terminal line, latter sinuate, follow- ing terminal margin, not evenly concave 4 4. Ground color of fore wing sordid whitish ochreous (6) roessleri. Ground color of fore wing white or whitish gray 5 5. Fore wing grayish white blotched on dorsal half with brownish; cilia of hind wing with a dark basal band (7) asphodelana. Fore wing nearly pure white; cilia of hind wing without dark basal band. (8) var. seraphicana. 6. Outer half of costa and terminal area of fore wing strongly marked and shaded with orange yellow (9) ochreicostana. Outer half of costa and terminal area not so marked 7 •7, Ground color of fore wing ochreous brown, more brown than yellow, nowise golden 8 Ground color of fore wing more golden than brown 9 8. Fore wing without ocelloid markings above tornus (4) stygiana. Fore wing with two or three short fine black dashes above tornus. (5) var. califomiae. NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 255 9. Costa of fore wiug straight from before middle to apex (3) paradisiac. Costa of fore wing sliglitly arched before apex 10 10. Fore wing a dull goldeu faun color (1) leonana. Fore wing a pale golden saffron color (2) var. aurantiana. 1. HYSTRICOPHORA LEONANA Walsinghara. (Figs. 41, 42, 43, 44, 417.) Hystricophora leonana AValsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 65.—Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5209, 1908.— Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7112, 1917. A co-type of this species is in the National Collection. It is dis- tinguished from other species of Hysti'icophora by its slender harpes and the shape of its fore wings. The latter are a trifle broader in proportion to their length in leonana than in the others, and it also has the costa somewhat arched. In the other species it is straight. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from middle California, Specimens from California in National Collection, American Museum, and collection Barnes. Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—" Sonoma, Lake, and Mendocino Counties," Cali- fornia. Food plant.—Unknown. 2. HYSTRICOPHORA LEONANA AURANTIANA Walsingham. Hystricophora leonana aurantiana Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 65. — Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5209." — Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7112<», 1917. This, as Walsingham suggests, is probably nothing but a brighter, more golden color variety of leonana. On the suspicion that it may represent a local race I am holding the name. A specimen in the Kearfott collection labeled " Co-type " looks like a typical leonmia. Alar expanse.—19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Shasta County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. 3. HYSTRICOPHORA PARADISIAE, new species. Palpus gray; whitish toward base. Head grayish ochreous. Thorax and fore wing dull grayish golden. Fore wing practically unmarked, sometimes faintly clouded with a darker shade toward base, but with costal and ocelloid markings obsolete or extremely faint; cilia ochreous with a faint brown shade just beyond base; extreme base of cilia whitish. Hind wing a trifle darker and more brownish 256 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. than fore wing, but nearly the same general color; cilia whitish with a dark basal band. Alar expanse.—24-25 mm. Type.—In collection Barnes. Paratype.—Cat. No. 24859 U.S.N.M. ; also in American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington. Food plant.—Lupinits polyphyllus.^° Described from male type and three male paratypes, all from the type locality and labeled, "July 24^31." Much like leonana, but darker, with darker hind wings, straighter costa, and with- out the distinct markings of Walsingham's species. Closest to stygiana Dyar, but distinguished from the latter by its more golden color. In genitalia paradisiae, stygiana, roessleri, and asphodelana' are so much alike that it is practically impossible to separate them on structural characters. In all the eighth abdominal segment is less highly modified than in leonana, vestaliana, or ochreicostana, the projections of the tergite being mere rounded stubs, very short, and not as long fingered processes in the other three species. 4. HYSTRICOPHORA STYGIANA (Dyar). (Fig. 12.) Thiodia stygiana Dyae, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 230. Eucosma stpgiana Barnes and McDxjnnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7090, 1917. I have succeeded in rearing a couple of moths of this interesting species from larvae boring in the roots of a plant resembling lupine, collected at Colorado Springs, Colorado, by A. B. Champlain. Full- grown larvae were collected in early March, 1915, and moths issued April 7 and 15 of the same year. Male genitalia as in roessleri. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Musjeum, and collection Barnes: Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, British Columbia. Alar expanse.—25-28 mm. Type.—In National Collection. Type locality.—Williams, Arizona. Food plant.—Lupinus ? 5. HYSTRICOPHORA STYGIANA CALIFORNIAE, new variety. Like the typical stygiana but differing in its darker, more distinct costal markings and the presence of two or three short black longi- tudinal streaks above tornus. In stygiana proper there is no indica- tion whatever of an ocelloid patch. '"After this species had been described several specimens were received reared from roots of Lupinus at Forest Grove, Oregon, by L. P. Rockwood ("Webster No. 20585 "). NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 257 Alar expanse.—30-31 mm, Type.~C2i,t. No. 24860, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In American Museum and collection Barnes. Type locality.—Siskiyou County, California. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type from the type locality and one male paratype from Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, California (" July 8-15"), and 1 female paratype from Cloud Cap Inn, Mount Hood, Oregon. A California and Oregon variety of stygiaTia. Probably not worthy of a name, but apparently a local race. I am giving names to the varieties in this genus to prevent confusion of such variable species as stygiana, roessleri, and asphodelanu, possibly themselves also varieties of a single variable species but again as likely as not distinct species with different food plants. Until all are reared it would be unwise to do any lumping. 6. HYSTKICOPHORA ROESSLERI (Zeller). (Fig. 418.) Orapholitha roessleri Zelleb, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 291. Thiodia roessleri Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5170, 1903. Eucosma roessleri Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid, Bor. Amer., no. 7089, 1917. A sordid whitish ochreous species suffused with dirty brownish ochreous and more or less spotted and streaked with blackish or grayish fuscous. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Sonoma County, California ("A. H. VacheU, May 10 to 25"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : California, Oregon. Alar expanse.—26-31 mm. Type.—In collection—Unknown. Type locality.—^" North America." Food plants.—Unknown. 7, HYSTRICOPHORA ASPHODELANA (Kearfott). ' Thiodia asphodelana Keaefott, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 42. Eucosma asphodelana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer.. no. 7105, 1917. A somewhat variable whitish gray species with a slight brownish or semimetallic fuscous suffusion over dorsal half of fore wing and sometimes a patch of the same color above dorsal margin beyond middle. There is considerable difference in specimens from different locali- ties suggesting the possibility of different local races. I am, however. 258 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. unable to separate all of them satisfactorily on any geographical basis. Male genitalia as in roessleri. Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Oregon, Utah, British Columbia, Alberta, Alaska. Alar expanse.—23-30 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Head of Pine Creek, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Food plant.—^Unknown. 8. HYSTRICOPHORA ASPHODELANA SERAPmCANA, new variety. Paler than asphodelana. Fore wing nearly pure white with mark- ings almost obsolete and little or no trace of dark shading on dorsum ; cilia snowy white with a faint broken dark anti-basal line above tornus. Hind wing dark brown; cilia snow white without dark basal line. Underside of fore wing dark fuscous; termen and costa white. Underside of hind wing white. Alar expanse.—30-31 mm. Type.—C2ii. No. 24861, U.S.N.M. Paratypes.—In National Collection, American Museum, and col- lection Barnes. Type locality.—Pullman, Washington. Food plant.—Unknown. Described from male type and two male paratypes from the type locality (" C. V. Piper, 13 May, 98 ") and four male and one female paratypes from Glacier National Park, Montana ("H. G. Dyar, June 29, 1921 ; " " July 24-31 ") . A distinct variety easily distinguished by the snoAV-white un- shaded cilia of its dark hind wings. 9. HYSTRICOPHORA OCHREICOSTANA (Walsingham) . (Fig. 419.) Semasia ochreicostana Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 141. Thiodia ochreicostami Fehnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5202, 1903. Eucosma ochreicostana Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7057, 1917. A distinct species easily recognized by its strongly marked ocellus and the strong orange yellow markings and shadings on terminal area of fore wing. Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Denver, Colorado (" Oslar ") . NORTH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 259 Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes : Colorado, Utah, Kansas, Iowa. Alar expanse.—16-19 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Montana. Food plant.—Unknown. 10. HYSTRICOPHORA KOKANA (Kearfott). EuGOsma kokana Keaefott, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 33, 1907, p. 29. — Barnes and McDuNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7006, 1917. Eucosma chortaea Meykick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 48, 1912, p. 35. I refer this species here only provisionally, as I have seen no speci- mens other than the type, and that is a female. It is distinguished from other species in this genus by the evenly concave dark line along inside of termen of fore wing. Alar expatise.—20 mm. Type.—In American Museum. Type locality.—Cincinnati, Ohio. Food plant.—Unknown. 11. HYSTRICOPHORA VESTALIANA (Zeller). (Fig. 420.) GraphoUtha vestaliana Zeixeb, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, p. 286. Thiodia vestaliana Fernald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5171, 1903. Eucosma vestaliana Barnes and MoDunnough, Cheek List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7091, 1917. A striking species easily recognized by its white fore and hind wings, the black strigulae on outer half of costa, the fine black line bordering the termen of fore wing and the symmetrical harpes of its genitalia. . Male genitalia figured from specimen in National Collection from Boulder, Colorado ("T. D. A. Cockerell, July 29"). Distribution according to specimens in National Collection, Ameri- can Museum, and collection Barnes: Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Iowa, Florida. Alar expanse.—19-25 mm. Type.—In Museum of Comparative Zoology. Type locality.—Dallas, Texas. Food plant.—Unknown. SPECIES REFERABLE ELSEWHERE. The following species now listed with the Eucosminae are referable to other groups. The numbers before each are those of the Barnes and McDunnough List and the Dyar Catalogue in the order given. Where only one number is given it is that of the Barnes and McDun- nough List. 260 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6952-5116. Eucosma Uneana Febnald, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. 9, 1901, p. 50. Goes in Olethreutes. 7088-5169. Tortrix succedana Denis and Schiffebmulleb, Syst. Verz. "Wien., 1776, p. 129. Goes in Laspeyresia. Is a European species probably wrongly credited to our fauna. 7158-5234. Stegatwptycha pyricolana Muetfeldt, Bull., no. 23, U. S. Dept. Agr., 1891, p. 52. Is a Laspeyresia. 7165. Epinotia favillana Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 230. Goes in Olethreutes. 7166. Epinotia ? cornutana Dyab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 5, 1903, p. 231. Referable to Laspeyresia. SPECIES OMITTED. The following species I have been unable to recognize or place from their descriptions: Eucosma fuscana Keaefott, Can. Ent., vol. 39, 1907, p. 53. — Barnes and Mc- DUNNOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7011, 1917. In his description Kearfott states that the species was described from four specimens which were distributed as cotypes in his and Fernald's collections and the collection of the National Museum. I am unable to find any specimens in these collections so labeled. Kearfott either must have mislaid or forgot to label his types. At any rate they have disappeared. Alar expanse.—23-30 mm. Type.—Lost. Type localities.—" Rounthwaite, Manitoba; Iowa; Chicago; Illi- nois." Food plant.—^Unknown. Grapholitha taleana Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 10, 1878, p. 54. — Fernald, in Dyar List. N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5182, 1903 (Thiodia).—Barnes and McDun- NOUGH, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7071, 1917 (Eucosma) . Impossible to recognize from the description. Alar expanse.—18 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Illinois. Food plant.—Unknown. SciapMla perstructana Wai^ker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 343. — Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 64 (Semasia).—Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5197, 1903 (Thiodia).—Barnes and McDunnotjgh, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7096, 1917 (Eucosma). NOETH AMERICAN EUCOSMINAE. 261 Impossible to place without an examination of the type. I have seen nothing that looks like Walsingham's figure. Alar expanse.—13 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson Bay. Food plant.—Unknown. Penthina resumptana Walker, Cat. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 28, 1863, p. 376. — Walsingham, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 44 (Pae- disca).—Febnald, in Dyar List N. Amer, Lepid., no. 5215, 1903 {Pro- teopteryx).—^Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7122, 1917 (Proteopteryx) . Kearfott had two different things under this name, neither of which appears to be Walker's species, I am unable to recognize it. Alar expanse.—14 mm. Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Nova Scotia. Food plant.—^Unknown. Steganoptycha Uturana Walsinghasi, Illus. Lepid. Heter. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 71. — Feenald, in Dyar List N. Amer. Lepid., no. 5223, 1903 {Epino- tia).—Barnes and McDunnough, Check List Lepid. Bor. Amer., no. 7150. 1917 (Enarmonia) . I have seen nothing matching Walsingham's description and figure. Kearfott had a couple of specimens under this name, but they can not be Walsingham's species. Alar expanse.—^" 5.5-6.5 mm." (judging from figure misprint for 15.5-16.5 mm.). Type.—In British Museum. Type locality.—Rouge River, Oregon. Food plant.—Unknown. GrapJiolitha nel)ulosan