Accepted by R. Zahiri: 17 Jan. 2019; published: 29 Mar. 2019 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 4575 (1): 001–110 https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4575.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:35715448-1657-40FD-8ABD-6B6D0FCF8D0B ZOOTAXA An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types JURATE DE PRINS1,8, HELBER ADRIÁN ARÉVALO-MALDONADO2, DONALD R. DAVIS3, BERNARD LANDRY4, HÉCTOR A. VARGAS5, MIGNON M. DAVIS3, ROSÂNGELA BRITO6, JÚLIA FOCHEZATO6, ISSEI OHSHIMA7 & GILSON RUDINEI PIRES MOREIRA6 1Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: jurate.deprins@gmail.com 2Museo entomológico Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: haarevaloma@unal.edu.co 3National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, MD, USA, DAVISD@si.edu 4Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208 Genève, Switzerland. E-mail: bernard.landry@ville-ge.ch 5Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile. E-mail: havargas@uta.cl 6Zoology Department, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil. E-mail: rosangela.bri@gmail.com, fochezatoj@gmail.com, gilson.moreira@ufrgs.br 7Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan. E-mail: issei@kpu.ac.jp 8Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand 4575 DE PRINS1 ET AL.2 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press JURATE DE PRINS, HELBER ADRIÁN ARÉVALO-MALDONADO, DONALD R. DAVIS, BERNARD LANDRY, HÉCTOR A. VARGAS, MIGNON M. DAVIS, ROSÂNGELA BRITO, JÚLIA FOCHEZATO, ISSEI OHSHIMA & GILSON RUDINEI PIRES MOREIRA An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types (Zootaxa 4575) 110 pp.; 30 cm. 29 Mar. 2019 ISBN 978-1-77670-624-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77670-625-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2019 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: magnolia@mapress.com https://www.mapress.com/j/zt © 2019 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 3AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Table of contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Material and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cactivalva Moreira & Vargas, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chileoptilia Vargas & Landry, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Neurobathra Ely, 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Neurostrota Ely, 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Parectopa Clemens, 1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Penica Walsingham, 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Spanioptila Walsingham, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Spinivalva Moreira & Vargas, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Gracillariinae Stainton, 1854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Gracillariini Stainton, 1854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Parornichini Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016, stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Parornix Spuler, 1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lithocolletinae Stainton, 1854. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cremastobombycia Braun, 1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Leucanthiza Clemens, 1859 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Macrosaccus Davis & De Prins, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Porphyrosela Braun, 1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Acrocercops Wallengren, 1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chilocampyla Busck, 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Cryptolectica Vári, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Dialectica Walsingham, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Eucosmophora Walsingham, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Sauterina Kuznetzov, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Telamoptilia Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Vihualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Phyllocnistinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Phyllocnistini Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Marmarini Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016, stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Marmara Clemens, 1863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Oecophyllembiini Réal & Balachowsky, 1966, stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Angelabella Vargas & Parra, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Prophyllocnistis Davis, 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Species transfered to other families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Stagmatophora albimacula (Walsingham, 1897) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Abstract Gracillariidae leaf miners include 1987 species of poorly studied micromoths for which the majority of the diversity has been described from temperate regions. The Neotropics harbors one of the richest faunas of Gracillariidae, but the rate of taxon descriptions has been slow because of limited sampling and taxonomic activity. In this illustrated catalogue, we pro- vide, for the first time, 476 high resolution illustrations for the 201 species of named gracillariids occurring in the region and revise their classification, newly considering the family-group names Oecophyllembiini stat. nov., Marmarini stat. nov., and Parornichini stat. nov. as tribes of Phyllocnistinae, in the first two cases and Gracillariinae in the last case re- spectively. Two species, Sauterina hexameris (Meyrick, 1921) comb. nov. and S. phiaropis (Meyrick, 1921) comb. nov., DE PRINS1 ET AL.4 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press are transferred to Sauterina from Gracillaria. By making taxonomic, distributional, molecular and biological data avail- able in a concise form, we aim to facilitate taxonomic work on Neotropical gracillariids, and in turn to enhance studies in general on poorly studied organisms such as parasitoids from this biogeographical region. Key words: distribution, DNA barcodes, host plants, gracillariids, leaf miners, parasitoids, species diversity, taxonomy, type illustrations Introduction In terms of impact and diversity Gracillariidae are recognized as the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse leaf-mining micromoth family. There are currently 1987 recognized species (2720 species-group names, including unavailable names) in 107 genera (149 genus-group names) that are distributed world-wide (De Prins & De Prins 2018). Gracillariidae are predominantly leaf-miners as larvae, although larvae of some species mine stems or fruits, and others bore into flowers, fruits or stems, and may also be leaf-rollers or gall inducers (e.g., Davis et al. 1991; Guillén et al. 2001; Vargas & Landry 2005; Hu et al. 2011; Hanson et al. 2014; Kawakita & Kato 2016; Vargas- Ortiz et al. 2018). A recent review regarding their Neotropical species diversity accounted for 185 species, the lowest gracillariid richness by continent (Brito et al. 2016; De Prins et al. 2016). However, these authors predicted that the number of species should be twenty times greater in the region. These estimates are believed to be artificially low due to limited sampling and very little taxonomic work on the Neotropical fauna of this family (Lees et al. 2014; Brito et al. 2016). There is an urgent need to increase gracillariid taxonomic descriptions (Prathapan et al. 2018), and a considerable boost was generated by the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae available at www.gracillariidae.net (De Prins & De Prins 2018), which provided updated information on taxonomy and distribution of gracillariids, along with important details of their biology. In addition to the remarkable diversity of Neotropical Gracillariidae, it is also important to highlight the uniqueness and level of potential endemism of this fauna. Although there are some widespread species (Landry 2006; Brito et al. 2017b), at least eleven genera are endemic to the Neotropics, seven of which were described in the last three decades (e.g., Davis 1994; Moreira et al. 2018). While many of the endemic genera were originally described as monotypic, many new species have proven that these genera can be speciose. For instance, the genus Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay, 2011, whose type species Leurocephala schinusae Davis & McKay, 2011 feeds on Anacardiaceae in Argentina (Davis et al. 2011) was described based on one species only, until a second species, L. chilensis Vargas & Moreira, 2016 was discovered and described shortly afterwards from Chile (Pereira et al. 2017). By acting as anchors of taxa, type specimens play a fundamental role in taxonomy. Good descriptions of the types are especially important in the case of Neotropical gracillariids because many of the initial species descriptions were solely based on adult wing coloration. This was the case until the late twentieth century, when genitalia dissections were extensively utilized. However, taxonomic progress for Neotropical gracillariids has been hampered due to difficulties related to funding and access to type specimens, since most are deposited in museums outside of South America, particularly in Europe (i.e., Natural History Museum, London) and USA (i.e., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.). Furthermore, many nominal species are represented by only the holotype for which dissections cannot be made easily. For some genera like Cryptolectica Vári, 1961, Eucosmophora Walsingham, 1897, Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848, Spinivalva Moreira & Vargas, 2013, Telamoptilia Kumata & Kuroko, 1988, and Vihualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 photographs of all types of Neotropical species have been published. Illustrations of some species from other genera have progressively been made public via the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (De Prins & De Prins 2018), but the work is far from complete. A publication assembling and encompassing high resolution illustrations of Neotropical gracillariid types was greatly needed, and would benefit researchers working in the Neotropics and elsewhere. The taxonomic diversity of gracillariids in the Neotropical region has been recently documented by a checklist (De Prins et al. 2016), which forms the basis for the present study. Because this checklist preceded the family-level phylogeny and classification of Kawahara et al. (2017) (a simplified phylogeny shown in Fig. 01), the most recent classification proposed by the latter authors was not taken into account, but is now embraced herein to the extent of current knowledge and sampling of exemplars. The current study has three main goals: 1) to provide high resolution illustrations for types and verified voucher specimens of recognized Neotropical gracillariid species, 2) to revise the information on corresponding primary types; and 3) to update their classification at the subfamily Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 5AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE level. We have checked and verified the types of all 201 species of Neotropical Gracillariidae. The types of three species Parornix errantella (Walsingham, 1897), P. impressipinella (Bilimek, 1867) and Leucanthiza forbesi Bourquin, 1962 could not be traced in any collection in the world and neotypes for these species need to be designated. Following the phylogeny and classification of Kawahara et al. (2017) eight family-group names were recognized as subfamilies. In the present catalogue these groups are retained in the same taxonomic rank, but the 201 species are assigned to 29 genera and grouped into five gracillariid subfamilies: Ornixolinae, Gracillariinae, Lithocolletinae, Acrocercopinae, and Phyllocnistinae. The other three family-group names Oecophyllembiini stat. nov., Marmarini stat. nov., and Parornichini stat. nov. are considered here as tribes within the Phyllocnistinae (for the first two tribes) and Gracillariinae (for the last tribe), respectively (see Fig. 01). The subfamilies are arranged here in taxonomical order. The genera and species are organized within each subfamily in alphabetical order. Users of the catalogue should note that we present the current state of the art. We are very well aware that the taxonomic position of some species/genera might change following detailed morphological and molecular studies. In particular, the subfamilies Gracillariinae and Acrocercopinae currently include many doubtfully placed taxa. Data gathering for this study has resulted from a collaborative effort involving many gracillariid researchers, museum curators and staff from around the world. Preliminary results of this study were presented by the first author at the International Symposium on Gracillariidae, held at Serra Bonita Reserve, Brazil, in January 15–19, 2018. We hope that by making these illustrations and photographs of types available, supplemented by taxonomic, distribution, biological and DNA data (BOLD 2018; GenBank 2018) in a concise and organized form, we will not only facilitate taxonomic work on Neotropical gracillariids, but also stimulate further studies on gracillariids from other regions and on other poorly studied Neotropical arthropods, including parasitoids. FIGURE 1. A simplified phylogeny of the family Gracillariidae following Kawahara et al. (2017). Material and methods List of depositories of Neotropical Gracillariidae primary types: BMNH see NHMUK CDRS Charles Darwin Research Station, Galápagos, Santa Cruz Island, Ecuador CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada coll. V. Becker Camacan, Bahia, Brazil coll. Bourquin Buenos Aires, Argentina coll. da Costa Lima Rio de Janeiro, Brazil coll. Deschka Steyr, Austria coll. Orfila Buenos Aires, Argentina coll. Wagner University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA CU Cornell University, Ithaca, USA DZUP Coleção Padre Jesus S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do DE PRINS1 ET AL.6 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil GAMNH “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania IDEA Colección Entomológica de la Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile IFML Instituto Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina INBIO Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica (see Note below). LMCI Laboratório de Morfologia e Comportamento de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina MCN Museo Miguel Lillo de Ciencias Naturales. Tucumán, Argentina MCNZ Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil MCTP Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil MGCL McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA MHNG Musée d'Histoire naturelle de Genève, Switzerland MNHN Musée national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France MNNC Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago, Chile MZUC Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile MHNC Museo de Historia Natural de Costa Rica NHMUK Natural History Museum, London, UK RNHL Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands UCR Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, Costa Rica UNAB Museo entomológico Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia USNM United States National Museum (=Smithsonian Institution), Washington DC, USA ZMHB Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany ZMUC Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. Note: the abbrevations BMNH and NHMUK indicate the same depository, Natural History Museum, London, UK. The abbreviation NHMUK succeeded BMNH. The abbreviation MNCR-A (Museum Nacional de Costa Rica, Artrópodes) and INBIO (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica) indicate the same depository, since Museum Nacional de Costa Rica, Artrópodos succeeded Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica. Taxonomy Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854 "Gracilariidae"—Stainton, H.T. 1854. Lepidoptera: Tineina. In: Insecta Britannica. Vol. 3. Lovell Reeve, London, 193. Type genus: Gracillaria Haworth, 1828, Lepidoptera Britannica: 527. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1970, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 27 (Opinion 912): 27, placed Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854, on the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, and at the same time placed Gracilariidae Stainton, 1854, as an incorrect original spelling, on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology. Gracillaridae Bruand, [1851] “Tribus XVI. Gracillaridae”—Bruand d’Uzele, C.T. [1851]. Tinéides. Catalogue du Doubs. (Suite). Mémoires de la Société d’émulation du Doubs, ser. 1, tom 3, (1849–1850), livraisons 5-6: 53. A nomen oblitum. Gracilariidae Stainton, 1854 "Gracilariidae"—Stainton, H.T. 1854. Lepidoptera: Tineina. In: Insecta Britannica. Vol. 3. Lovell Reeve, London: 193. An incorrect original spelling of Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854. Gracillaridae Morris, 1870 "Gracillaridae"—Morris, F.O. 1870. A natural History of British Moths. Vol. 4. Longman, Green, Reader and Dyer, London: 153. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854. Gracilaridae Wocke, 1871 "Gracilaridae"—Wocke, M.F. 1871. II. Microlepidoptera. In Staudinger, O. & Wocke, M.F. Catalog der Lepidopteren des Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 7AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE europaeischen Faunengebiets. O.Staudinger, und in der Königl. Hofbuchhandlung von Hermann Burdach, Dresden: 310. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854. Gracilarianae Walsingham, 1891 "Gracilarianae"—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1891. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 2 (27) (ser. 2): 150. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854. Gracilariadae Meyrick, 1912 "Gracilariadae"—Meyrick, E. 1912b. Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Gracilariadae. In: Wytsman, P. (ed.): Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 128. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Imprimeurs-Éditeurs, 1. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854. Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova, 2001 "Subfam. Ornixolinae Kuznetzov et Baryshnikova subfam. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. & Baryshnikova, S.V. 2001. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 80(1): 99. Type genus: Ornixola Kuznetzov, 1979b. Treated as a separate subfamily by Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2001) and Kawahara et al. (2017). Cactivalva Moreira & Vargas, 2017 "Cactivalva Moreira & Vargas gen. nov."—Moreira, G.R.P., Pollo, P., Brito, R., Gonçalves, G.L. & Vargas H.A. 2018. Austral Entomology, 57: 64–67. Type species: Cactivalva nebularia Moreira & Vargas, 2017. By original designation. Released online 09 February 2017. Cactivalva nebularia Moreira & Vargas, 2017 (Figs 02, 200, 352, 417, 475) "Cactivalva nebularia Moreira & Vargas, sp. nov."—Moreira, G.R.P., Pollo, P., Brito, R., Gonçalves, G. L. & Vargas H.A. 2018. Austral Entomology 57: 67–75, figs 1–11. Released online 09 February 2017. Type locality: Brazil, São Francisco de Paula Municipality, Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró- Mata, 29°28’36”S 50°10’01”W, 30.xi.2011, leg. G.R.P. Moreira, H.A. Vargas & R. Brito. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, acquisition number 33211, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂ and 2♀, acquisition numbers 33221, 33231, DZUP, acquisition numbers 57100, 57101, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Moreira et al. 2018: 74). Larval hostplant(s): Cunoniaceae: Weinmannia paullinifolia Pohl (Moreira et al. 2018: 73). DNA: BOLD MISA016-16, MISA017-16, MISA018-16; GenBank KY006930, KY006931, KY006932 (Moreira et al. 2018). Chileoptilia Vargas & Landry, 2005 "Chileoptilia Vargas & Landry, n. gen."—Vargas H.A. & Landry, B. 2005. Acta Entomologica Chilena 29(1): 50–51. Type species: Chileoptilia yaroella Vargas & Landry, 2005. By original designation. Chileoptilia yaroella Vargas & Landry, 2005 (Figs 03, 201, 353, 418, 475) "Chileoptilia yaroella Vargas & Landry, n. sp."—Vargas H.A. & Landry, B. 2005. Acta Entomologica Chilena 29(1): 51–54, figs 1–19. Type locality: Chile, I Región, Chaca, vii.2003, leg. H.A. Vargas. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00011906, MHNG; Paratypes 15♂ and 14♀, genitalia slides MHNG 2749, BL 1562, BL 1563, IDEA, MHNG, MNNC, NHMUK and USNM. Distribution: Chile (Vargas & Landry 2005: 56), Costa Rica (BOLD). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (Vargas & Landry 2005: 56). DNA: BOLD GRPAL480-11, Project Malaise Traps BIOUG07446-A08; GenBank: KF460891 (Lees et al. 2014). DE PRINS1 ET AL.8 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 "Cuphodes, n. g."—Meyrick, E. 1897. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 22: 299 (key), 314. Type species: Cuphodes thysanota Meyrick, 1897. By monotypy. Cuphodes paragrapta (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 04, 202, 475) "Phrixosceles paragrapta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 223–224. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, iv.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 1♂ BMNH(E) 1406555 and 1♀, BMNH(E) 1406667, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 224). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay, 2011 "Leurocephala Davis and Mc Kay, new genus"—Davis, D.R., Mc Kay, F. Oleiro, M., Diniz Vitorino, M. & Wheeler, G.S. 2011. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 65(2): 74–76. Type species: Leurocephala schinusae Davis & Mc Kay, 2011". By original designation and monotypy. Leurocephala chilensis Vargas & Moreira, 2016 (Figs 05, 203, 475) "Leurocephala chilensis Vargas & Moreira sp. nov."—Pereira, C.M., Silva, D.S., Gonçalves, G.L., Vargas, H.A. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61: 7–13. Type locality: Chile, Arica, Azapa, e.l. Schinus molle, ??.vii.2015, leg. H.A. Vargas. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MNNC; Paratypes 8♂, 6♀, genitalia slides HAV276♂, HAV358♂, HAV359♂, HAV402♂, HAV1020♂, HAV1024♂, HAV108♀, HAV1021♀, HAV1023♀, MNNC, IDEA. Distribution: Chile (Pereira et al. 2017: 12). Larval hostplant(s): Anacardiaceae: Schinus molle L. (Pereira et al. 2017: 7). DNA: BOLD MISA007-16, MISA008-16; GenBank KY006921, KY006922 (Pereira et al. 2017). Leurocephala schinusae Davis & Mc Kay, 2011 (Figs 06, 354, 419, 475) "Leurocephala schinusae Davis and Mc Kay, new species"—Davis, D.R., McKay, F. Oleiro, M., Diniz Vitorino, M. & Wheeler, G.S. 2011. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 65(2): 76–89, figs 1, 4, 16–19, 31–106. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones Province, Road 12, 2 km N Libertad, e.l. Schinus terebinthifolius, 02.viii.2006, leg. F. Mc Kay & M. Oleiro. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, USNM; Paratypes 27♂, 19♀, MACN, DZUP, USNM. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (Davis et al. 2011: 79). Larval hostplant(s): Anacardiaceae: Schinus longifolius (Lindl.) Speg., S. terebinthifolius Raddi (Davis et al. 2011: 79). Parasitoids: Braconidae: Isdromas sp., Pholetesor sp., Orgilus sp.; Ichneumonidae: Pimpla croceiventris (Cresson), Acrolyta sp., Lymeon sp. (Davis et al. 2011: 79). DNA: BOLD RDOPO384-10, RDOPO385-10, RDOPO 414-10, MISA009-16, MISA010-16, MISA011-16, MISA012-16; GenBank KY006923, KY006924, KY006925, KY006926, HM382092, HM382093, HM382112 (Pereira et al. 2017). Neurobathra Ely, 1918 "Neurobathra gen. nov."—Ely, C.R. 1918. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 19B (1917)(1–4): 41. Type species: Gracillaria strigifinitella Clemens, 1860a. By original designation. The type species was established in combination with the generic name Gracilaria, at that time an incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillaria Haworth, 1828 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 203). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 9AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Neurobathra curcassi Busck, 1934 (Figs 07, 355, 420) "Neurobathra curcassi new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 181. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44151 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 181). Larval hostplant(s): Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha curcas L. (Busck [1934]: 181). Neurostrota Ely, 1918 "Neurostrota."—Ely, C.R. 1918. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 19B (1917)(1–4): 38 (key), 41. Type species: Gracillaria gunniella Busck, 1906. By original designation. From a multiple original spelling in which Neurostrota and Neurostrata were used, Vári, L. 1961. Transvaal Museum Memoir 12: 42, acted as first reviser under the Code (Edn. 3), Article 24, and chose Neurostrota as the name to denote the taxon (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 203). Neurostrata Ely, 1918 "Neurostrata nov. gen."—Ely, C.R. 1918. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 19B (1917)(1–4): 41. An incorrect (of multiple) original spelling of Neurostrota Ely, 1918 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 203). Neurostrota brunnea Landry, 2006 (Figs 08, 204, 356, 421, 475) "Neurostrota brunnea sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 478–483, figs 9, 18A–D, 27A– B. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, Hacienda El Cafétal, 22.ii.2005, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide MHNG 3009♂, MHNG; Paratypes 1♂ and 3♀: BMNH(E) 1479430, genitalia slides BL 1591, MHNG 3015, CDRS, MHNG, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 483). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Neurostrota cupreella (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 09, 205) "Eucosmophora cupreella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 150. Type locality: Jamaica, Moneague, 1100 ft, xi.1891, leg. Rendall. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407590, coll. Walsingham, NHMUK. Note: transferred to Neurostrota by Davis & Wagner (2005: 1). Distribution: Jamaica (Walsingham 1897: 150). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Neurostrota gunniella (Busck, 1906) (Figs 10, 358, 422) "Gracilaria (Dialectica) gunniella, new species"—Busck, A. 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 30(1465): 731–732. Type locality: [U.S.A.], Tex.[as], Brownsville. Type specimens: Lectotype ♀, Paralectotypes 11♀, designated by Davis (In: Davis et al. 1991: 31), USNM. Distribution: Costa Rica (Davis et al. 1991: 31), Cuba (Busck [1934]: 179), Mexico (Davis et al. 1991: 31). Note: Australasian Region: Autralia: Northern Territory (introduced) (Davis et al. 1991: 16); Nearctic Region: United States: Texas (Busck 1906: 179); Oriental Region: Thailand (introduced) (Davis et al. 1991: 43). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Mimosa asperata L. (Busck [1934]: 179), M. pigra L., M. pigra var. berlandieri (Gray ex Torr.) B. Turner), Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. (Davis et al. 1991: 17). Parasitoids: Braconidae: Orgilus sp., Phanomeris sp., Hypomicrogaster sp., Bracon sp., Apanteles sp. (Davis et al. 1991: 41); Chalcididae: Brachymeria sp. (Davis et al. 1991: 41); Diptera: Chloropidae: Fiebrigella sp.; DE PRINS1 ET AL.10 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Tachinidae: Elfia sp. (Davis et al. 1991: 41); Eulophidae: Horismenus sp., Elasmus sp. (Davis et al. 1991: 41); Perilampidae: Perilampus sp. (Davis et al. 1991: 41). DNA: BOLD 10ANIC-12278, 10ANIC-12279, USNMENT 00657281–00657284, USNMENT 00657286– 00657288. Note: the record in GenBank KF395123 (Hebert et al. 2013) is from Australia (an introduced species for biocontrol). Neurostrota magnifica Landry, 2006 (Figs 11, 206, 357, 423, 475) "Neurostrota magnifica sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 474–478, figs 8, 17A–D, 26A– B. Type locality: Ecuador, [Galápagos] San Cristóbal, 4 km South East Puerto Baquerizo, 00°54.800’S 89°34.574’W, 17.iii.2004, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009157, MHNG; Paratypes 2♂ and 16♀, BMNH(E) 1479427, genitalia slides BL 1584, BL 1586, BL 1599, CDRS, MHNG, NHMUK, USNM. Distribution: Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 478). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Neurostrota pithecolobiella Busck, [1934] (Fig. 12) "Neurostrota pithecolobiella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 180–181. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44150 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 180). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Albizia saman F.Muell. (Busck [1934]: 180). Parectopa Clemens, 1860 "Parectopa."—Clemens, B. 1860. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [1860]: 209–210. Type species: Parectopa lespedezaefoliella Clemens, 1860. By monotypy. Parectropa Lower, 1923 "Parectropa"—Lower, O. B., 1923. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 47: An incorrect subsequent spelling of Parectopa Clemens, 1860. Parectopa dactylota Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 13, 207, 475) "Parectopa dactylota, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 236. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft.; Peru, Lima, 500 ft, viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 7 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1408154, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador, Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 236). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa exorycha Meyrick, 1928 (Figs 14, 208, 475) "Parectopa exorycha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1928. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 3(13): 409. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. Type specimens: 4 Syntypes, ♂, ♀, BMNH(E) 1408780, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1928: 409). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa heptametra Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 15, 209, 475) Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 11AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE "Parectopa heptametra, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 235. Type locality: Colombia, La Crumbre, 6000 ft., v.1914. Type specimens: Syntypes 1♂ and 1♀, BMNH(E) 1408749, BMNH(E) 1408751, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Meyrick 1915b: 235). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa lithocolletina (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 16, 210, 475) "G.[racilaria] lithocolletina"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 415–416; pl. 6, fig. 147. Type locality: [Colombia], Chipo [Cota]. Note: The original description presents the type localty as Chipo without any futher indication. Chipo is a town in Ecuador. However, it would have been impossible at that time to travel ca. 1500 km and to reach Chipo [Ecuador] in a few days after collecting other species of gracillariids in Bogotá. Chipo and Quique are former names of Pueblo Viejo, vicinities of Cota, a small town 31 km north of Bogotá, 4°48'N 4.631'' 74° 5' 25.911''W (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 16 October 2018). Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1407709, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 416). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa lithomacha Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 17, 211, 475) "Parectopa lithomacha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 235–236. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft, vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 24 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1408776, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 236). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa nesitis (Walsingham, 1897) (Fig. 18) "Gracilaria nesitis, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 153. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas. Type specimens: Type ♀, coll. Gudmann, 1 more specimen [not included in type series]. Note: Microlepidoptera specimens of Gudmann collection in 1932 were obtained by Carl Sofius Larsen (Faaborg, Denmark) (Horn & Kahle 1935: 98). Frederik Gudmann was a gifted collector of Danish Microlepidoptera. He did not keep a personal collection of them, but sent all specimens he collected to Carl Sofus Larsen, who set them and included them in his collection. The only collecting trip to abroad of F. Gudmann was when he, together with Wilhelm von Hedemann, joined Lord Walsingham on a collecting trip to the (then Danish) Virgin Islands. There are no specimens in ZMUC from that trip labelled as having been collected by Gudmann. Most probably he gave all to Lord Walsingham. Wilhelm von Hedemann kept part of the collected specimens from that trip for his own collection, which was—after his death—sold to Aristide Caradja. But there are no specimens found from the Frederik Gudmann’s collection in the Aristide Caradja’s collection in Bucharest (Mihai Stănescu, pers. comm. 9 August 2018). There are some duplicate specimens in ZMUC, including some potential paratypes, but there are no any Gracillariidae among them (Ole Karsholt, pers. comm. 16 April 2018). Three specimens, identified as P. nesitis, are discovered in the collection of Lord Walsingham. This collection now is incorporated into the General Collection of Gracillariidae, NHMUK. The collecting locality of the photographed voucher specimen is Jamaica (Fig. 18). Distribution: Jamaica (from the labels at NHMUK), Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 153). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DE PRINS1 ET AL.12 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Parectopa pselaphotis Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 19, 475) "Parectopa pselaphotis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 237. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407842, NHMUK; 3 Paratypes ♂, ♀, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 237). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa pulverella (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 20, 212) "Gracilaria pulverella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 153. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, S[aint] Croix, 02.iv.1894. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, coll. Hedemann, nr. 176205, GAMNH; 1 more specimen (gender not stated) [not included in type series], coll. Gudmann. Note: The collection of Microlepidoptera of Wilhelm von Hedemann was obtained by Aristide Caradja via Hans Larsen. The specialized collection of macro Lepidoptera from Mexico is given to the Natural History Museum in Vienna in 1865 (Horn & Kahle 1935: 107; Sabine Gaal-Haszler, pers. comm., 03 July 2018) and some micro moths were given to Aristide Caradja who deposited them to the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History in Bucharest (Mihai Stanescu, pers. comm., 09 August 2018). Distribution: Dominican Republic, Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 153). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa quadristrigella (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 21, 213, 475) "G.[racilaria] quadristrigella"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 416–418; pl. 6, fig. 148. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407684, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 418). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa refulgens Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 22, 214, 475) "Parectopa refulgens, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 234. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1407833, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 234). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa rotigera Meyrick, 1931 (Figs 23, 215, 475) "Parectopa rotigera n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1931a. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 36(): 400. Type locality: S.[outh] Chile, Llanquihue Province, Casa Pangue, 4–10.xii.1926, leg. F.& M. Edwards. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407827, NHMUK. Distribution: Chile (Meyrick 1931a: 400). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 13AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Parectopa trichophysa Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 24, 216, 475) "Parectopa trichophysa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 235–236. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft, viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 5♂, BMNH(E) 1408753, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 236). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa undosa (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 25, 217) "Gracilaria undosa, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 153. Type locality: Haiti, Port-au-Prince, 20.iii.1894; [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, 20.iii.1894, leg. W. Hedemann. Type specimens: Syntype ♂, coll. Walsingham, BMNH(E) 1407783, NHMUK. Distribution: Haiti, Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 153). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parectopa viminea Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 26, 218, 475) "Parectopa viminea, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 237. Type locality: Peru, Matucana, 7780 ft, vii.1914. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407824, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 237). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Penica Walsingham, 1914 "Penica, gen. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey) 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4 (1909–1915): 338. Type species: Penica peritheta Walsingham, 1914. By original designation. Note: Although this genus is placed in Gracillariinae in Kawahara et al. (2017), neither morphological nor molecular data support the present systematic position that has been proposed. Here we place this genus in Ornixolinae. Penica peritheta Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 27, 219) "Penica peritheta, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 338; pl. 9, fig. 32. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft, viii.18??, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010920068, coll. Walsingham nr. 66739♀, NHMUK; Paratypes 5 specimens (gender not stated), coll. Walsingham nrs. 66743, 66744, USNM, nrs 66740, 66741, 66742, BMNH(E) 1407210, BMNH(E) 1407216, BMNH(E) 1407220, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 338). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Spanioptila Walsingham, 1897 "Spanioptila, g. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 148. Type species: Spanioptila spinosum Walsingham, 1897. By original designation. Spanioptila codicaria Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 28, 220, 475) "Spanioptila codicaria, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 290. DE PRINS1 ET AL.14 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Type locality: Brazil, Para, 29.vii.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1409337 (abdomen in capsule), NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 290). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Spanioptila eucnemis Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 29, 221) "Spanioptila eucnemis, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 338–339; pl. 9, fig. 33. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft, viii.18??, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010862783, coll. Walsingham nr. 66745, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 339). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Spanioptila nemeseta Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 30, 222, 475) "Spanioptila nemeseta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 290. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, Lower Amazon, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1409362, abdomen missing, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 290). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Spanioptila spinosum Walsingham, 1897 (Figs 31, 223, 359) "Spanioptila spinosum, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 148. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, 22.iii.1894, leg. Gudmann. Type specimens: Syntypes 2♂: BMNH(E) 1409340, left wings missing, BMNH(E) 1409348, genitalia slides 6090♂, 6091♂, NHMUK. Note: 5 specimens (gender not stated) mentioned in description, and not included into type series, not found in NHMUK. Distribution: Cuba, Puerto Rico (Busck [1934]: 172), Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 148). Larval hostplant(s): Flacourtiaceae: Casearia hirsuta Sweet (Busck [1934]: 172). Spinivalva Moreira & Vargas, 2013 "Spinivalva Moreira & Vargas, gen. n."—Brito, R., Gonçalves, G.L., Vargas, H.A., Moreira, G.R.P. 2013. ZooKeys 291: 5–9. Type species: Spinivalva gaucha Moreira & Vargas, 2013. ZooKeys 291: 10–22, figs 1–12. By original designation and monotypy. Spinivalva gaucha Moreira & Vargas, 2013 (Figs 32, 224, 360, 424, 475) "Spinivalva gaucha Moreira & Vargas, sp. n."—Brito, R., Gonçalves, G.L., Vargas, H.A., Moreira, G.R.P. 2013. ZooKeys 291: 10–22, figs 1–12. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, São Francisco de Paula Municipality, Condomínio Alpes, de São Francisco, 29°27'9.2"S 50°37'6.6"W, e.l. Passiflora actinia 19.xii.2012, leg. G.R.P. Moreira, R. Brito & F.A. Luz. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, DZ 24.976, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂, 3♀: 1♀, acquisition numbers DZ 24.986, DZUP, 1♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 81900 and 81903, MCNZ, 1♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 31442 and 31443, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2013: 10). Larval hostplant(s): Passifloraceae: Passiflora actinia Hook, P. misera Kunth., P. suberosa L. (Brito, R. et al. 2013: 10). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 15AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE DNA: BOLD GBGL13506-14, GBGL13507-14, GRABR005-13; GenBank KC512112, KC512113 (Brito et al. 2013). Gracillariinae Stainton, 1854 "Gracilariidae"—Stainton, H.T. 1854. Lepidoptera: Tineina. In: Insecta Britannica. Vol. 3. Lovell Reeve, London, 193. Type genus: Gracillaria Haworth, 1828, Lepidoptera Britannica: 527. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1970, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 27 (Opinion 912): 27, placed Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854, on the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, and at the same time placed Gracilariidae Stainton, 1854, as an incorrect original spelling, on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology. Ornichidae Stainton, 1854 "Ornichidae"—Stainton, H.T. 1854. Lepidoptera: Tineina. In: Insecta Britannica. Vol. 3. Lovell Reeve, London, 10. Type genus: Ornix Kollar, 1832, included in Fletcher (1929) within the Lithocolletidae. Ornigidae Stainton, 1854 "Ornigidae Stainton 1854"—Nye, I.B.W. & Fletcher, D.S. 1991. The generic names of moths of the world. Natural History Museum Publications, London, xxiii. Type genus: Ornix Kollar, 1832, included within the Gracillariidae. Treated as a separate subfamily by Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2001) and Kuznetzov and Stekolnikov (2001). An unjustified emendation of Ornichidae Stainton, 1854 Poeciloptilinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 "Poeciloptilina"—Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. 1857. Korrespondenzblatt des zoologisch-mineralischen Vereines in Regensburg 11(3–5): 58. Type genus: Poeciloptilia Hübner, 1825, included in Fletcher (1929) within the Lithocolletidae and in Nye & Fletcher (1991) within the Gracillariidae. Caloptiliidae Fletcher, 1929 "Caloptiliadae"—Fletcher, T.B. 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. Entomological Series 11(i–ix): v. Type genus: Caloptilia Hübner, 1825, included in Fletcher (1929) within the Lithocolletidae and in Nye & Fletcher (1991) within the Gracillariidae. Gracillariini Stainton, 1854 Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 "Caloptilia"—Hübner, J. 1816–1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg, 427. Type species: Tinea upupaepennella Hübner, 1796 [= Tinea stigmatella Fabricius, 1781]. By subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture, India (Entomology) 11: 38. Poeciloptilia Hübner, 1825 "Poeciloptilia"—Hübner, J. 1816–1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg: 427. Type- species: Tinea falconipennella Hübner, 1813. By subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of India (Entomology) 11: 181. Ornix Kollar, 1832 "Ornix"—Kollar, V. 1832. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreich, Enns 2: 98. Type species: Tinea upupaepennella Hübner. 1796. By subsequent designation by Curtis, 1833. British Entomology 10: folio 479, p. 2. Ornix was a Treitschke manuscript name, obtained from a copy of Treitschke's unpublished manuscript (see Kollar 1832: 2), and made nomenclaturally available by Kollar before the genus was proposed and described by Treitschke 1833, Schmetterlinge von Europa 9(2): 194. Ornix Kollar, 1832 is a junior objective synonym of Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 212). Ornix Treitschke, 1833 "Ornix"—Treitschke, F. 1833. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Ernst Fleischer, Leipzig, 194. Type species: Tinea upupaepennella Hübner, 1796. By subsequent designation by Curtis, 1833. British Entomology 10: folio 479, p. 2. A junior homonym and a junior objective synonym of Ornix Kollar, 1832. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich, Enns 2: 98. The objective replacement name is Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 212). Coriscium Zeller, 1839 "Coriscium"—Zeller, P.C. 1839. Isis, oder enzyklopädische Zeitung von Oken 3(): 210. Type species: Coriscium ligustrinellum Zeller, 1839. By subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of India (Entomology) 11: 56. Coriscium ligustrinellum Zeller, 1839 is currently considered as a junior subjective synonym of Tinea cuculipennella Hübner, 1796. Unavailable designation of type species: Tinea cuculipennella Hübner, 1796, a nominal species only doubtfully included in Coriscium by Zeller, and not linked in synonymy with one of the originally included nominal species when designated by Meyrick, 1912b, In: Wytsman, P. Genera Insectorum 128: 25 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 79). DE PRINS1 ET AL.16 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Calliptilia Agassiz, 1847 "Calliptilia"—Agassiz, J.L.R. 1847. Nomenclator zoologicus Index universalis: 59, 61. An unjustified emendation of Caloptilia Hübner, 1825. Timodora Meyrick, 1886 "Timodora, n. g."—Meyrick, E. 1886. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1886(3): 295. Type species: Timodora chrysochoa Meyrick, 1886. By monotypy. Antiolopha Meyrick, 1894 "Antiolopha"—Meyrick, E. 1894. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1894(): 25. Type species: Antiolopha hemiconis Meyrick, 1894. By monotypy. Sphyrophora Vári, 1961 "Sphyrophora subgen. nov."—Vári, L. 1961. Transvaal Museum Memoir 12(): xvi (key), 26. Type species: Caloptilia sapina Vári, 1961. By original designation. Sphyrophora was established to denote a subgenus of Caloptilia, Hübner, 1825. Phylloptilia Kumata, 1982 "Subgenus Phylloptilia nov."—Kumata, T. 1982. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S. 26: 89–90. Type species: Caloptilia magnoliae Kumata, 1966. By original designation. Phylloptilia was established to denote a subgenus of Caloptilia, Hübner, 1825. Rhadinoptilia Kumata, 1982 "Subgenus Rhadinoptilia nov."—Kumata, T. 1982. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S. 26: 105–107. Type species: Caloptilia (Rhadinoptilia) camphorae Kumata, 1982. By original designation. Rhadinoptilia was established to denote a subgenus of Caloptilia, Hübner, 1825. Minyoptilia Kumata, 1982 "Subgenus Minyoptilia nov."—Kumata, T. 1982. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S. 26: 111–112. Type species: Caloptilia (Minyoptilia) callicarpae Kumata, 1982. By original designation. Minyoptilia was established to denote a subgenus of Caloptilia, Hübner, 1825. Cecidoptilia Kumata, 1982 "Subgenus Cecidoptilia nov."—Kumata, T. 1982. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S. 26: 117–119. Type species: Caloptilia cecidophora Kumata, 1966. By original designation. Cecidoptilia was established to denote a subgenus of Caloptilia, Hübner, 1825. Caloptilia aeneocapitella (Walsingham, 1891) (Figs 33, 225) "Gracilaria aeneocapitella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1891. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 37: 539–540, 548. Type locality: West Indies, St. Vincent, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010305370, abdomen and three wings missing, NHMUK. Distribution: Puerto Rico (Forbes 1931: 382), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Walsingham 1891: 540). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia aeolastis (Meyrick, 1920) (Figs 34, 226, 425, 475) "Gracilaria aeolastis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 298. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 2 syntypes, 1♀, BMNH(E) 1411108, genitalia slide NHMUK010313398♀, 1♂ BMNH(E) 1411113, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 298). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia burserella (Busck, 1900) (Figs 35, 227, 361) "Gracilaria burserella, new species"—Busck, A. 1900. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23(1208): 251. Type locality: U.S.A., Florida, Palm Beach, 21.ii.1900. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, No. 4961, genitalia slide USNM 20488♂, USNM; Paratype 1♂, USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Robinson et al. 2010), Mexico, Virgin Islands (coll. V. Becker). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Florida (Busck 1900: 251). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: host plant records in the Nearctic Region: Burseraceae: Bursera gummifera L. (Busck 1900: 251), Bursera simaruba (L.) Sargent; Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill. (Robinson et al. 2002: 89). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 17AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Caloptilia callichora (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 36, 228, 362, 426, 475) "Gracilaria callichora, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 237–238. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, ii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 3 syntypes, 1♂, BMNH(E) 1410666, genitalia slide NHMUK010313396♂, NHMUK; 1♀, BMNH(E) 1410757, genitalia slide NHMUK010313397♀, NHMUK; 1 ♂, BMNH(E) 1410638, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 238). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia camaronae (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 37, 229, 363, 427, 475) "G.[racilaria] camaronae"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 408–411; pl. 6, fig. 143. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Syntypes 2♂: BMNH(E) 1409586, genitalia slide NHMUK010313399♂, BMNH(E) 1409593, genitalia slide NHMUK010313400♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 409). Larval hostplant(s): Ericaceae: Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm. (Zeller 1877: 409). Note: the vernacular name of the host plant ‘uva camarona’ mentioned by Zeller (1877: 409) is associated with two plant species. One of the two is Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm; which is the host plant of C. camaronae. Caloptilia chloroptila (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 38, 230, 364, 475) "Gracilaria chloroptila, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 238–239. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, ii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1411104, genitalia slide NHMUK010313401♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Costa Rica (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 25 January 2018), Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 239). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia cruzorum Landry, 2006 (Figs 39, 231, 365, 428, 475) "Caloptilia cruzorum sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 456–459, figs 4, 13A–D, 22A–C, 33. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, Fernandina, South West side, crater rim, 1341 m, 00°21.910’S 91°34.034’W, 12.ii.2005, leg. B. Landry & P. Schmitz. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009154, MHNG; Paratypes 8♂ and 6♀, genitalia slides MHNG 2937, MHNG 2938, MHNG 3011, CDRS, MHNG, NHMUK, USNM. Distribution: Brazil (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 25 January 2018), Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 459). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Galactia sp. (Landry 2006: 459). Caloptilia dondavisi Landry, 2006 (Figs 40, 232, 366, 429, 475) "Caloptilia dondavisi sp. n."—Landry B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 446–451, figs 2, 11A–D, 20A–C, 32. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, Isabela, Volcan, 300 m, 15.v.1992, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009152, MHNG; Paratypes 41♂ and 49♀, genitalia slides BL 1173, BL 1567, BL 1568, BL 1569, BL 1570, BL 1571, BL 1572, BL 1573, BL 1574, BL 1575, BL 1577, MHNG 3012, BMNH, CNC, CDRS, MHNG, USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.18 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Distribution: Brazil (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 25 January 2018), Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 445). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (Landry 2006: 450). Caloptilia eolampis (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 41, 233, 367, 430, 475) "Gracilaria eolampis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 238. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, xii.1912, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 10 syntypes, 1♂, BMNH(E) 1410643, genitalia slide NHMUK010313403♂; 1♀, BMNH(E) 1410658, genitalia slide NHMUK010313402♀; 2♂, BMNH(E) 1410656; BMNH (E) 1410663; 6 syntypes gender not stated, BMNH(E) 1410646; BMNH(E) 1410662; BMNH (E) 1410652; BMNH(E) 1410645; BMNH(E) 1410647; BMNH(E) 1410648, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 238). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia galacotra Landry, 2006 (Figs 42, 234, 368, 431, 475) "Caloptilia galacotra sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 451–456, figs 3, 12A–C, 21A–C. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, Santiago, Aguacate, 520 m, 06.iv.1992, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009153, MHNG; Paratypes 22♂ and 20♀, genitalia slides BL 1171, BL 1578, BL 1579, BL 1580, BL 1581, BL 1582, BL 1583, MHNG 3010, CDRS, CNC, MHNG, NHMUK, USNM. Distribution: Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 456). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia guacanivora Vargas-Ortiz & Vargas, 2018 (Figs 43, 235, 475) "Caloptilia guacanivora Vargas-Ortiz & Vargas sp. nov."—Vargas-Ortiz, M., Gonçalves, G. L., Huanca-Mamani, W., Vargas, H. A. & Moreira, G. R. P. 2018. Austral Entomology: early online, figs 4–12. Type locality: Chile, Arica, Lluta valley, 18°23'58″S; 70°1'14″W, leg. H.A. Vargas. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MNNC; Paratypes 6♂, 5♀, MNNC, IDEA. Distribution: Chile (Vargas-Ortiz et al. 2018: early online). Larval hostplant(s): Myricaceae: Morella pavonis (C. DC.) Parra-O. (Vargas-Ortiz et al. 2018: early online). DNA: GenBank F947628– F947636 (Vargas-Ortiz et al. 2018: early online). Caloptilia immuricata (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 44, 236, 369, 475) "Gracilaria immuricata, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 238. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft.; viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1411012, genitalia slide NHMUK010313405♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador, Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 238). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia oriarcha (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 45, 237, 370, 475) "Gracilaria oriarcha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 239. Type locality: Peru, Jauja, 11900 ft, vii.1914. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1410752, genitalia slide NHMUK010313406♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 239). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 19AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Caloptilia pastranai (Bourquin, 1962) (Figs 46, 238, 432, 475) "Gracilaria pastranai sp. n."—Bourquin, F. 1962. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 23 (1960): 38– 41, figs 1–6. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Delto del Río Paraná, Isla La Tacuarita, Tigre, ii.1953. Type specimens: Holotype (gender not stated), MACN; Allotype [paratype] coll. Bourquin (Buenos Aires); 5 Paratypes: ♀, genitalia slide HAA011♀, USNM; 4 paratype specimens (gender not stated), USNM, coll. da Costa Lima (Rio de Janeiro), coll. Orfila (Buenos Aires), coll. Pastrana in MACN. Distribution: Argentina (Bourquin 1962: 39). Larval hostplant(s): Rhamnaceae: Scutia buxifolia Reissek (Bourquin 1962: 39). Caloptilia perseae (Busck, 1920) (Figs 47, 239, 371, 433) "Gracilaria perseae, n. sp."—Busck, A. 1920. Canadian Entomologist 52: 239. Type locality: [U.S.A.], Florida, Miami, vii.1920. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, type No. 23515, USNM; Paratype ♂, cotype No. 23515, genitalia slide USNM 98491♂, USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 182), Costa Rica (MHNC), Mexico (BOLD), Puerto Rico (Helber Arévalo- Maldonado in prep., communicated on 25 January 2018). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Florida (Busck 1920: 239) Larval hostplant(s): Lauraceae: Persea persea (L.) Cockerell (Busck 1920: 239). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Sympiesis dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 (Noyes 2017). DNA: BOLD Project Global Malaise Trap, BIOUG05194-A10, BIOUG14551-F10, BIOUG20941-D12; Project CNC, CNCLA2002-13. Caloptilia pneumatica (Meyrick, 1920) (Figs 48, 240, 475) "Gracilaria pneumatica, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 297. Type locality: Brazil, Obidos, 28.viii.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1410753, abdomen missing, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 297). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia schinusifolia Davis & Wheeler, 2011 (Figs 49, 372, 434, 475) "Caloptilia schinusifolia Davis and Wheeler, new species"—Davis, D.R., Mc Kay, F., Oleiro, M., Diniz Vitorino, M. & Wheeler, G.S. 2011. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 65(2): 66–72, figs 1, 3, 9–10, 22–25. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Maricá, S22.90270, W42.82358, 7 m, e.l. Schinus terebinthifolius, 15.vii.2008, leg. G. S. Wheeler & F. McKay. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, DZUP; Paratypes 7♂, 5♀, MGCL, DZUP, USNM. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Davis et al. 2011: 72). Larval hostplant(s): Anacardiaceae: Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Davis et al. 2011: 66). DNA: BOLD Project RDOPO, DDAV-D544, DDAV-D568, DDAV-D569, DDAV-D571, DDAV-D572, DDAV- D573, DDAV-D574; GenBank HM382091, HM382104, HM382105, HM382107, HM382108, HM382109, HM382110. Caloptilia semiclausa (Meyrick, 1921) (Figs 50, 241, 475) "Gracilaria semiclausa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 471. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1410751, abdomen missing, NHMUK. DE PRINS1 ET AL.20 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, México (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 25 January 2018), Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 471). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia similatella (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 51, 242, 435, 475) "G.[racilaria] similatella"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 411–412; pl. 6, fig. 144. Type locality: [Colombia], Chipo [Cota]. Note: The original description presents the type localty as Chipo without any futher indication. Chipo is a town in Ecuador. However, it would have been impossible at that time to travel ca. 1500 km and to reach Chipo [Ecuador] in a few days after collecting other species of gracillariids in Bogotá. Chipo and Quique are former names of Pueblo Viejo, vicinities of Cota, a small town 31 km north of Bogotá, 4°48' 4.631''N 74° 5' 25.911''W (Helber Arévalo-Maldonado in prep., communicated on 16 October 2018). Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1409706, genitalia slide NHMUK010313409♀, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 412). Note: the distribution records from Virgin Islands: Saint Croix, Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 152) belong to a new, not described yet species. Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Caloptilia viridula (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 52, 243, 373, 475) "G.[racilaria] viridula"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 406-408; pl. 6, fig. 142. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1409693, genitalia slide NHMUK010313408♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 408). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parornichini Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016, stat. nov. “Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima, new subfamily”—Kawahara et al. 2017. Systematic Entomology 42(1): 75. Type genus: Parornix Spuler, 1910. Die schmetterlinge Europas. Mit über 3500 Figuren auf 95 Tafeln und 505 Abbildungen im Text 3. Auflage von Prof. E. Hofmann's Werk: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge Europas, 4 Vols—Vol. 2: 410. Released online 13 October 2016. Parornix was established to denote a subgenus of Ornix Treitschke, 1833 (Nye & Fletcher, 1991: 266–267). Ornix Treitschke is itself a junior synonym and junior homonym of Ornix Kollar, 1832, though both have the same type species: Tinea upupaepennella Hübner, 1796, a junior subjective synonym of Tinea stigmatella Fabricius, 1781, synonymized by Haworth (1828: 529), presently placed into the genus Caloptilia, Hübner 1825. Parornix Spuler, 1910 "Untergatt. Parornix."—Spuler, A. 1901–1910. Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Mit über 3500 Figuren auf 95 Tafeln und 505 Abbildungen im Text. 3. Auflage von Prof. E. Hofmann's Werk: Die Groß-Schmetterlinge Europas. 4 Vols. Schweizerbarthsche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 410. Type species: Ornix anglicella Stainton, 1850. By subsequent designation by Walsingham, 1914. Biologia centrali-americana (Zoology) Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4: 341. Parornix was established to denote a subgenus of Ornix Treitschke, 1833 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 266–267). Alfaornix Kuznetzov, 1979 "Alfaornix Kuznetzov, subgen. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. 1979. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademija Nauk SSSR 81: 92(key), 94. Type species: Ornix anguliferella Zeller, 1847b. By original designation. Alfaornix was established to denote a subgenus of Parornix Spuler, 1910. Betaornix Kuznetzov, 1979 "Betaornix Kuznetzov, subgen. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. 1979. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademija Nauk SSSR 81: 91(key), 93. Type species: Parornix persicella Danilevsky, 1955. By original designation. Betaornix was established to Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 21AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE denote a subgenus of Parornix Spuler, 1910. Deltaornix Kuznetzov, 1979 "Deltaornix Kuznetzov, subgen. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. 1979. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademija Nauk SSSR 81: 91(key), 93. Type species: Ornix torquillella Zeller, 1850. By original designation. Deltaornix was established to denote a subgenus of Parornix Spuler, 1910. Considered as a distinct genus by Leraut (1997: 94, 313). Gammaornix Kuznetzov, 1979 "Gammaornix Kuznetzov, subgen. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. 1979. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademija Nauk SSSR 81: 91(key), 93. Type species: Ornix petiolella Frey, 1863. By original designation. Gammaornix was established to denote a subgenus of Parornix Spuler, 1910. Parornix errantella (Walsingham, 1897) "Ornix errantella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 147. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], Saint Thomas. Type specimens: Type ♂, coll. Gudmann. Note: Microlepidoptera specimens of Frederik Gudmann collection in 1932 were obtained by Carl Sofius Larsen (Faaborg, Denmark) (Horn & Kahle 1935: 98). Microlepidoptera specimens of Gudmann collection in 1932 were obtained by Carl Sofius Larsen (Faaborg, Denmark) (Horn & Kahle 1935: 98). Frederik Gudmann was a gifted collector of Danish Microlepidoptera. He did not keep a personal collection of them, but sent all specimens he collected to Carl Sofus Larsen, who set them and included them in his collection. The only collecting trip to abroad of F. Gudmann was when he, together with Wilhelm von Hedemann, joined Lord Walsingham on a collecting trip to the (then Danish) Virgin Islands. There are no specimens in ZMUC from that trip labelled as having been collected by Gudmann. Most probably he gave all to Walsingham. Wilhelm von Hedemann kept part of the collected specimens from that trip for his own collection, which was—after his death—sold to Aristide Caradja. But there are no specimens found from the Frederik Gudmann’s collection in the Aristide Caradja’s collection (Mihai Stănescu, pers. comm. 9 August 2018). There are some duplicate specimens in ZMUC, including some potential paratypes, but there are no any Gracillariidae among them (Ole Karsholt, pers. comm. 16 April 2018). The types are also absent in Natural History Museum, Vienna (Sabine Gaal-Haszler, pers. comm., 03 July 2018). Distribution: Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 147). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parornix impressipinella (Bilimek, 1867) "Ornix impressipenella Blmk."—Bilimek, D. 1867. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch- botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17: 903. Type locality: Mexico, Höjle [Cave] Cacahuamilpa. Type specimens: Not stated. Note: Our efforts to find the types of this species were unsuccessful. Dr. Manuel Balcázar, in consultation with Dr. María Eugenia Díaz Batres, curator at the Natural History Museum, Mexico made an investigation and concluded that apparently the type was never deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum, Mexico (María Celina Micaela LLanderal Cazares, pers. comm. 29 September 2018). Distribution: Mexico (Bilimek 1867: 903) Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Parornix micrura Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 53, 244) "Parornix micrura, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 342; pl. 10, fig. 1. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft, viii.18??, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010920067, coll. Walsingham nr. 66746♀, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 342). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DE PRINS1 ET AL.22 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Lithocolletinae Stainton, 1854 "Lithocolletidae"—Stainton, H.T. 1854. Lepidoptera: Tineina. In: Insecta Britannica. Vol. 3. Lovell Reeve, London, 10 (key), 264. Type genus: Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825. Used in Fletcher (1929) as a valid family name, and in Nye & Fletcher (1991) within the Gracillariidae. Phyllorycteridae Walsingham, 1914 "Phyllorycteridae"—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey), 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 356. Based on Phyllorycter Walsingham, 1914, an unjustified emendation of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Under the Code (edn. 3) Article 35(d)(ii) the spelling of the stem of the family-group must be corrected to Phyllonorycteridae (Nye & Fletcher 1991: xxiv). Eucestidae Hampson, 1918 "Eucestidae"—Hampson, G.F. 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 387. Type genus: Eucestis Hübner, 1825, included in Fletcher (1929) within the Lithocolletidae and in Nye & Fletcher (1991) within the Caloptiliadae Fletcher, 1929. Cremastobombycia Braun, 1908 "Cremastobombycia, new subgenus"—Braun, A.F. 1908. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 34(4): 272 (key), 349. Type species: Lithocolletis solidaginis Frey & Boll, 1876. By subsequent designation by Meyrick, 1912b. In: Wytsman, P. Genera Insectorum 128: 11. Cremastobombycia was established to denote a subgenus of Lithocolletis Hübner, [1825]. Cremastobombycia lantanella Busck, 1910 (Figs 54, 374, 436) "Cremastobombycia lantanella, new species"—Busck, A. 1910. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 12(3): 133–134. Type locality: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Honolulu. Type specimens: Holotype (gender not stated), coll. Walsingham nr. 13150, USNM, Paratypes (gender not stated), coll. Walsingham nrs. 33842, 33843, NHMUK (Walsingham 1914: 337). Distribution: Mexico (Busck 1908: 134). Note: Australasian Region: United States: Hawaii: Hawaii, Kahoolawe, Kauai, Lanai, Maui (Zimmerman 1978: 647), Molokai (Swezey & Bryan 1929: 301), Oahu (Walsingham 1914: 337). Nearctic Region: United States: Texas (Palmer & Pullen 1995: 66). Note 2: The record of South Africa (Baars & Neser 1999: 24) needs confirmation. Larval hostplant(s): Verbenaceae: Lantana hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, L. hispida Kunth (Palmer & Pullen 1995: 66), Lantana sp. (Busck 1910: 133), L. urticifolia Mill., L. urticoides Hayek (Palmer & Pullen 1995: 66). Parasitoids: Braconidae: Blacus cremastobombyciae Fullaway; Eulophidae: Pnigalio externa (Timberlake, 1927), Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood, 1833), Euderus metallicus (Ashmead, 1901), Cirrospilus sp., Sympiesis vagans (Timberlake, 1926); Pteromalidae: Lyrcus tortricidis (Crawford, 1921) (Zimmerman 1978: 649). DNA: BOLD LNAUS2486-13—LNAUS2490-13 (reference is not available in BOLD); USNMENT00656238– 00656242; BIOUG05319-B04–05319-B08, Project WOGRA RMNH.5013754, 5013755, RMNH.INS.30696. Leucanthiza Clemens, 1859 "Leucanthiza."—Clemens, B. 1859. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [1859]: 317 (key), 327. Type species: Leucanthiza amphicarpeaefoliella Clemens, 1859. By monotypy. Leucanthiza forbesi Bourquin, 1962 (Fig. 475) "Leucanthiza forbesi sp. n."—Bourquin, F. 1962. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 23 (1960): 41– 44, fig. (not numbered). Type locality: Argentina, City of Buenos Aires, Belgrano R.[iver]. Type specimens: Holotype (gender not stated); Paratype 1 specimen (gender not stated), coll. F. Bourquin (Buenos Aires). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 23AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Note: The type specimens were not located in the collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires (pers. corr. with the curator Arturo Roig Alsina on 11 June 2018). Distribution: Argentina (Bourquin 1962: 42). Larval hostplant(s): Convolvulaceae: Dichondra repens J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Bourquin 1962: 42). Macrosaccus Davis & De Prins, 2011 "Macrosaccus Davis and De Prins, gen. n."—Davis, D.R. & De Prins, J. 2011. ZooKeys 98: 34–38. Type species: Lithocolletis robiniella Clemens, 1859. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 318–320. By original designation. Macrosaccus gliricidius Davis, 2011 (Figs 55, 375, 437) "Macrosaccus gliricidius Davis, sp. n."—Davis, D.R. & De Prins, J. 2011. ZooKeys 98: 66–75, figs 1, 9, 32–35, 54–58. Type locality: Honduras, Dept. Francisco Morazán, Guaimaca, Rio Morazán, 14°32'N 86°51' W, 26.vii.1992, e.l. 05.viii.1992, Gliricidia sepium, leg. R. D. Cave. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, USNM; Paratypes 5♂, 16♀, USNM. Distribution: Guadeloupe, Honduras (Davis & De Prins 2011: 75). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. (Davis & De Prins 2011: 75). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Zagrammosoma multilineatum (Ashmead, 1888) (Davis & De Prins 2011: 71). Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Figs 56, 376, 438) "L.[ithocolletis] Robiniella"—Clemens, B. 1859. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [1859]: 318–320. Type locality: [U.S.A.], Kentucky. Type specimens: Lectotype ♀, designated by Davis & De Prins (2011: 48), abdomen, right forewing, and distal part of right hindwing missing, ANSP; Paralectotypes 3♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Bolchi Serini & Trematerra 1989: 193). Note: Palaearctic Region: Albania (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Austria (Huemer et al. 1992: 199), Belgium (De Prins & Groenen 2001: 159), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dimić et al. 2000: 7), Bulgaria (Tomov 2003: 105), Croatia (Dimić et al. 2000: 7), Czech Republic (Novák & Liška 1997: 24), Denmark (Buhl et al. 2005: 73), France, Germany (Huemer et al. 1992: 199), Hungary (Deschka 1993: 147), Italy (Bolchi Serini & Trematerra 1989: 193), Lithuania (Noreika 2008: 35), Moldova (Antyukhova 2007: 63), Netherlands (De Prins & Groenen 2001: 160), Poland (Buszko et al. 2000: 23), Romania (Netoiu 2003: 154), Serbia (Dimic et al. 1999: 34), Slovakia, Slovenia (Seljak 1995: 78), Spain (Olivella 2002: 35), Switzerland (Whitebread & Joos 1986: 117), Ukraine (Bidzilya & Budashkin 2004: 61). Nearctic Region: Canada: British Columbia (Pohl et al. 2015: 44), Ontario (Davis & De Prins 2011: 49), Quebec (Handfield 1997: 31), United States (Clemens 1859: 319): Connecticut (Maier 1988: 731), District of Columbia (Davis & De Prins 2011: 50), Florida (Heppner 2013: 79), Illinois (Godfrey et al. 1987: 16), Kentucky (Hagen 1884: 152), Maine (Brower 1984: 40), Maryland (Davis & De Prins 2011: 50), Massachusetts (Zeller 1875: 349), Michigan (Nielsen 1998: 5), Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey (Davis & De Prins 2011: 50), New York (Fitch 1859: 56), North Carolina (Hargrove 1986: 38), Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina (Davis & De Prins, 2011: 50), Texas (Frey & Boll 1878: 275), Vermont (Grehan et al. 1995: 6), Virginia, West Virginia (Davis & De Prins, 2011: 50). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: host plants records in the Palaearctic Region: Fabaceae: Robinia hispida L. (Bidzilya & Budashkin 2004: 61), R. pseudacacia L. (Whitebread & Joos 1986: 117), host plants records in the Nearctic Region: Fabaceae: Robinia hispida L. (Chambers 1878: 111), R. neomexicana A. Gray (Braun 1935: 50), R. pseudacacia L. (Clemens 1859: 320), R. viscosa Vent. (Chambers 1878: 111). Note: DNA sequences are available only from the specimens from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions BOLD DE PRINS1 ET AL.24 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press BIOUG20387-G09, BIOUG21034-C05, BIOUG21034-C09, BIOUG21071-D03, BIOUG21524-D04, BIOUG21488-C11, BIOUG21488-D04, BIOUG21488-D06, BIOUG21488-D09, BIOUG21488-D10, BC ZSM Lep 35098, BC ZSM Lep 46399, CLV12207, CLV22807, B12robin, C01robin, CLV2459, CLV2772, CLV2773, CLV2779, CLV2780, FG30, FG31, JDP-08-8001, CLV1533, CLV1749, CLV1918, CLV1929, CLV1931, CLV2044, CLV2046, BIOUG20646-H10, TLMF Lep 14694, RMNH.INS.544587.1, RMNH.INS.544587.2, RMNH.INS.544587.3, TLMF Lep 18860, TLMF Lep 18861, JDP-08-8018, JDP-08- 8020, CNCLEP00029588, BIOUG02834-A01, BIOUG02881-E10, TLMF Lep 16489, TLMF Lep 16490, 10PHMAL-1710, 10PHMAL-2011, BIOUG01486-G10, DDAV-D252, DDAV-D253, BIOUG08564-D12, BIOUG08657-C12, BIOUG08690-C01, BIOUG16054-E01, BIOUG16120-B02, BIOUG16074-E08, BIOUG21971-B09, BIOUG21971-B10, BIOUG21971-C01, BIOUG21971-C02, BIOUG21971-C04, BIOUG22034-C10, BIOUG25545-B04, BIOUG25584-D10, BIOUG31039-E01, BIOUG31040-A07, RMNH.INS.552269. Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 "Phyllonorycter"—Hübner, J. 1822. Systematisches-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bisher bey den Fürbildungen zur Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbennungen; mit Vorbemerkung auch augsburgischer Gattungen. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg, 66–74, 76–80. Type species: Phalaena rajella Linnaeus, 1758. By subsequent designation by Walsingham, 1907. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907: 976. The type species was cited by Walsingham as rayella, an incorrect subsequent spelling (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 240–241) (see also Bradley 1966: 218). Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1806 "Phyllonorycter"—Hübner, J. 1806. Tentamen determinationis digestionis. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg: [2]. An unavailable name, published in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1926. Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections 73(4) (Opinion 97): 19–30. Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825 "Lithocolletis"—Hübner, J. 1816–1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg: 423. Type species: Phalaena rajella Linnaeus, 1758. By subsequent designation by Walsingham, 1907. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907: 976. A junior objective synonym of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Eucestis Hübner, 1825 "Eucestis"—Hübner, J. 1816–1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg: 423. Type species: Tinea ulmifoliella Hübner, 1817. By subsequent designation by Hampson, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 387. A junior subjective synonym of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Eucesta Hübner, 1826 "Eucesta"—Hübner, J. 1816–1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. J. Hübner Verlag, Augsburg: (Anzeiger) 67. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Eucestis Hübner, 1825. Hirsuta Bruand, 1851 "Hirsuta"—Bruand d’Uzele, C.T. [1851]. Tinéides. Catalogue du Doubs. (Suite). Mémoires de la Société d’émulation du Doubs, ser. 1, tom 3, (1849–1850), livraisons 5-6: 50. A nomenclaturally unavailable name as the genus was not described and the only included species was denoted by an undescribed manuscript name fritilella Tischer. Lithocolletes Dyar, 1903 "Lithocolletes Hübner"—Dyar, H.G. [1903]. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 52 (1902): 549. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825. Phyllorycter Walsingham, 1914 "Phyllorycter"—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey), 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909– 1915): 336. An unjustified emendation of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Hirsuta Fletcher, 1929 "Hirsuta"—Fletcher, T.B. 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. Entomological Series 11(i–ix): 110. Type species: Elachista populifoliella Treitschke, 1833. By original designation. By citing "Hirsuta, Bruand 1847 (non-descr.)" together with a type-species, Fletcher unintenionally established Bruand's nomenclaturally unavailable name. A junior subjective synonym of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 150). Asymmetrivalva Kuznetzov & Baryschnikova, 2004 "[Subgenus] Asymmetrivalva Kuznetzov et Baryshnikova, subg. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. & Baryshnikova, S.V. 2004. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 83(3): 630–633. Type species: Lithocolletis acerifoliella Zeller, 1839. By original designation. A junior subjective synonym of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Asymmetrivalva was established to denote a subgenus of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822. Synonymized by De Prins & De Prins (2005: 264). Juxtafera Baryshnikova, 2006 "[Subgenus] Juxtafera, subgen. n."—Kuznetzov, V.I. & Baryshnikova, S.V., 2006. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 85(3): 622– 623. Type species: Tinea tristrigella Haworth, 1828. By original designation. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 25AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Phyllonorycter acanthus Davis & Deschka, 2001 (Figs 57, 377, 439) "Phyllonorycter acanthus, new species."—Davis, D.R. & Deschka, G. 2001. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (614): 42–45, figs 25, 37, 195–203, 251–253, 309–312, 351, 352, 433, 434, 450, 451, map 5. Type locality: Mexico: Durango, El Salto, 2100 m. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide nr. USNM 30779♂, GD1704, USNM; Paratypes 4♂ and 10♀ in coll. Deschka (Steyr), USNM. Distribution: Mexico (Davis & Deschka 2001: 45). Larval hostplant(s): Salicaceae: Salix bonplandiana Kunth. (Davis & Deschka 2001: 45). Phyllonorycter antitoxa (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 58, 245, 475) "Lithocolletis antitoxa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 222– 223. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft, viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1477248, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 223). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter argentifrontella (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 59, 246, 378) "Lithocolletis argentifrontella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 146. Type locality: "Danish West Indies", [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, 02.iv.1894, leg. Hedemann. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1413737, genitalia slide 3963♂, NHMUK; 1 specimen (gender not stated) [not included in type series]. Distribution: Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey) 1897: 146). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter chalcobaphes Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 60, 247) "Phyllonorycter chalcobaphes, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali- Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 337. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft., viii.1918, leg. H. H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1477771, coll. Walsingham nr. 66734, NHMUK; 3 Paratypes (gender not stated) coll. Walsingham nr. 66735, 66736, 66737, USNM. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 337). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter clerotoma (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 61, 248, 475) "Lithocolletis clerotoma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 222. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., i.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1477252, in bad condition (left forewing present), NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 222). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter durangensis Deschka, 1982 (Figs 62) "Phyllonorycter durangensis sp. n."—Deschka, G. 1982. Entomofauna, Zeitschrift für Entomologie 3(17): 249– 251, figs 10–17. Type locality: Mexico, Durango, El Indio, 2250 m DE PRINS1 ET AL.26 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Type specimens: Holotype ♂, coll. Deschka (Steyr); Paratypes 4 specimens (gender not stated), coll. Deschka (Steyr). Distribution: Mexico (Deschka 1982: 249–251). Larval hostplant(s): Betulaceae: Alnus sp. (Deschka 1982a: 250). DNA: BOLD GRPAL602-11; GenBank KF808155 (Lees et al. 2014). Phyllonorycter epispila (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 63, 249, 475) "Lithocolletis epispila, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 223. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 2♀, BMNH(E) 1477256, BMNH(E) 1477243 (head and abdomen missing), NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 223). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter iriphanes (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 64, 250, 475) "Lithocolletis iriphanes, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 223. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft., viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 13 syntypes ♂, ♀, BMNH(E) 1477223, (BMNH(E) 1477199, BMNH(E) 1477200—1477203, BMNH(E) 1477206, BMNH(E) 1477208, BMNH(E) 1477210, BMNH(E) 1477213, BMNH(E) 1477214, BMNH(E) 1477224, BMNH(E) 1477227, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 223). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter oxygrapta (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 65, 251, 475) "Lithocolletis oxygrapta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 222. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft., viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1477215, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 222). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter pictus (Walsingham, 1914) (Figs 66, 252) "Phyllonorycter pictus, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 337; pl. 9, fig. 31. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, viii.18??, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010920066, coll. Walsingham nr. 66738, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 337). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllonorycter solani (Hering, 1958) (Figs 67, 475) "Lithocolletis solani, sp. nov."—Hering, E.M. 1958. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 15: 307–308, figs 8–10. Type locality: [Argentina], Tucumán, Choromoro, Quebrada de Las Higueras, 800 m. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, ZMHB; Paratypes (♂ and ♀), number not stated, IFML. Distribution: Argentina (Hering 1958: 308). Larval hostplant(s): Solanaceae: Solanum sp. (Hering 1958: 308). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 27AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Phyllonorycter splendidus Deschka, 2013 (Fig. 68) "Phyllonorycter splendidus nov. sp."—Deschka, G. 2013. Linzer biologische Beiträge 45(1): 593–595, figs 1–6. Type locality: Mexico, Queretaro, Jalpan, 21.13N 99.28W, 1200 m, 30.vii–18.viii.1991, leg. G. Deschka. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide Deschka 2733♂, coll. Deschka; Paratypes 4♂, 5♀, coll. Deschka. Distribution: Mexico (Deschka 2013: 594). Larval hostplant(s): Platanaceae: Platanus lindeniana Mart. & Gal., P. mexicana Moric. (Deschka 2013: 593, 594). DNA: BOLD Project GRAAM CLV2930. Phyllonorycter stigmaphyllae Busck, 1934 (Fig. 69) "Phyllonorycter stigmaphyllae new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 171–172. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44142 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 171). Larval hostplant(s): Malpighiaceae: Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum A. Juss (Busck [1934]: 171). Phyllonorycter tenuicaudella (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 70, 253) "Lithocolletis tenuicaudella, Wlsm."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 147. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t. Croix, 01.v.1894. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, coll. Hedemann, nr. 176215, GAMNH. Note: The collection of Microlepidoptera of Wilhelm von Hedemann was obtained by Aristide Caradja via Hans Larsen. The specialized collection of Lepidoptera from Mexico was given to the Natural History Museum in Vienna in 1865 (Horn & Kahle 1935: 107; Sabine Gaal-Haszler, pers. comm., 03 July 2018) and some micro moths were given to Aristide Caradja who deposited them to the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History in Bucharest (see Popescu-Gorj 1992: 177; Mihai Stanescu, pers. comm. 09 August 2018). Distribution: Virgin Islands: Saint Croix (Walsingham 1897: 147). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Porphyrosela Braun, 1908 "Porphyrosela, new subgenus"—Braun, A. 1908. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 34(4): 272 (key), 348. Type species: Lithocolletis desmodiella Clemens, 1859. By monotypy. Porphyrosela was established to denote a subgenus of Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 248). Porphyrosela desmodiella (Clemens, 1859) (Figs 71, 254) "L.[ithocolletis] Desmodiella."—Clemens, B. 1859. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [1859]: 319, 320. Type locality: U.S.A., vii–viii, leg. B. Clemens. Type specimens: Not stated, "three types", ANSP (Busck 1903: 187); 3 Syntypes, BMNH(E) 1479541, BMNH(E) 1479532, BMNH(E) 1479546, in poor condition, ex coll. Clemens, ex coll. Stainton, NHMUK. Synonym(s): Porphyrosela gregariella (Murtfeldt, 1881) "Lithocolletis gregariella"—Murtfeldt, M.E. 1881: 245–246. Type specimens not stated. A junior subjective synonym of Lithocolletis desmodiella Clemens, 1859, synonymized by Walsingham (1883: 202). Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 171), Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 146). Note: Nearctic Region: Canada: Ontario (Kamijo 1990a: 13), United States (Clemens 1859: 320): Arizona (Eiseman et al. 2017: 20), Connecticut (Maier 1988: 731) Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Bradburya sp. (Busck [1934]: 171), Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. (Walsingham 1897: 146). DE PRINS1 ET AL.28 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Note: host plant records in the Nearctic Region: Fabaceae: Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. (Yoshimoto 1977: 912), Desmodium sp. (Chambers 1871: 127), D. tortuosum (Sweet) DC. (Robinson et al. 2002: 370–371), D. viridiflorum (L.) DC. (Clemens 1859: 320), Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (Robinson et al. 2002: 370–371), L. capitata Michx. (Maier 1988: 731), Lespedeza sp. (Ely 1918: 49), L. thunbergii (DC.) Nakai (Robinson et al. 2002: 370–371), Phaseolus pauciflorus Sesse & Moc. ex G. Don. (Murtfeldt 1881: 246), Phaseolus sp. (Chambers 1880: 189), Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & A. Gray) Piper (Murtfeldt 1881: 246), Trifolium repens L. (Robinson et al. 2002: 370–371). DNA: GenBank KJ746721, KJ657587 (Hayden et al. 2013). Porphyrosela minuta Clarke, 1953 (Figs 72, 475) "Porphyrosela minuta, new species"—Clarke, J.F.G. 1953a. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 13(): 69–70. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Tigre, i.1951. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, nr. 61476, USNM; Paratypes 4♀, USNM. Distribution: Argentina: (Bourquin 1951: 513), Uruguay (Biezanko et al. 1978: 56). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: California, Louisiana, Maryland, Tennessee, North Carolina, Oklahoma (Eiseman et al. 2017), Tennessee (BOLD 2018). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Trifolium pratense L. (Robinson et al. 2010), T. repens L. (Bentancourt & Scatoni 2007: 514), Trifolium sp. (Bourquin 1951: 513), Medicago sativa L. (Robinson et al. 2010), Trifolium sp. (Bourquin 1951: 513). Parasitoids: Trichogrammatidae: Trichogramma minutum Riley, 1871 (Noyes 2017). DNA: BOLD CLV4401; GenBank KF808156 (Lees et al. 2014). Note: sample in BOLD BIOUG04722-D09 from United States: Tennessee. Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016 “Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima, new subfamily”—Kawahara et al. 2017. Systematic Entomology 42(1): 70–71. Type genus: Acrocercops Wallengren, 1881. Released online 13 October 2016. Acrocercops Wallengren, 1881 "Acrocercops"—Wallengren, H.J.D. 1881. Entomologisk Tidskrift 1(2): 95. Type species: Tinea brongniardella Fabricius, 1798. By monotypy. The type species was included by Wallengren as"Brongiardellus F.", an incorrect subsequent spelling (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 4). Acrocercops achnodes Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 73, 255, 475) "Acrocercops achnodes, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 230. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft, vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1404470, BMNH(E) 1404471, BMNH(E) 1404472, and BMNH(E) 1404473, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915c: 231). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops albomarginatum (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 74, 256, 379) "Coriscium albomarginatum, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 54–183. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], Danish W. Indies, S[ain]t Thomas, 12.iii.1894. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407636, coll. Walsingham, genitalia slide BMNH 31203♂ (see Landry Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 29AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE 2006: 442), NHMUK; 4 more specimens mentioned [not included in type series]. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 183), Puerto Rico (Forbes 1930: 142), Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 154). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Centrosema plumieri (Pers.) Benth. (Busck [1934]: 182); Malvaceae: Sida rhombifolia L. (Robinson et al. 2010). Acrocercops anthogramma Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 75, 257, 475) "Acrocercops anthogramma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 465–466. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010922940, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 466). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops apicepunctella (Walsingham, 1891) (Figs 76, 258) "Gracilaria apicepunctella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1891. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 37: 540, 548. Type locality: West Indies, St. Vincent. Type specimens: Holotype ♀ (abdomen missing), BMNH(E) 1404567, NHMUK. Synonym(s): "Acrocercops apicipunctella"—Meyrick 1912c: 47. An unjustified emendation of Acrocercops apicepunctella Walsingham, 1891. Distribution: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Walsingham 1891: 540). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops argocosma Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 77, 259, 475) "Acrocercops argocosma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915c. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 225. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 3♂, BMNH(E) 1404548, BMNH(E) 1404554, BMNH(E) 1404558, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915c: 225). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops asaphogramma Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 78, 260, 475) "Acrocercops asaphogramma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 291. Type locality: Brazil, Para, 10.vii.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404541, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 291). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops attenuatum (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 79, 261, 475) "Coriscium attenuatum, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 154. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, 07.iii.1894, leg. Hedemann. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407157, coll. Walsingham, NHMUK; 2 more specimens mentioned [not included in type series]. Distribution: Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 154). Larval hostplant(s): Euphorbiaceae: Croton flavens L. (Walsingham 1897: 154). DE PRINS1 ET AL.30 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Acrocercops breyeri Bourquin, 1962 (Figs 80, 262, 475) "Acrocercops breyeri sp. nov."—Bourquin, F. 1962. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 23 (1960): 44–46, fig. (not numbered). Type locality: Argentina, Province of Buenos Aires, Delta del Río Paraná, Río Sarmiento, La Tacuarita, viii.1949. Type specimens: Holotype (gender not stated), MACN; Paratypes 3 specimens (gender not stated), coll. Pastrana in MACN, coll. Bourquin (Buenos Aires). Distribution: Argentina (Bourquin 1962: 45). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn. (Bourquin 1962: 45). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Closterocerus coffeellae Ihering, 1914 (Noyes 2017). Eulophidae: Closterocerus sp. (Bourquin 1962: 45). Acrocercops caementosa Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 81, 263, 475) "Acrocercops caementosa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915c. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 228–229. Type locality: Peru, Huancayo, 10650 ft., vii.1914. Type specimens: Syntypes 1♀, 1♂, NHMUK010922941, NHMUK010862813, genitalia slide BMNH 29523♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915c: 229). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops camptochrysa Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 82, 264, 475) "Acrocercops camptochrysa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 466–467. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos, xi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010922942, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 467). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops chalinopa Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 83, 265, 475) "Acrocercops chalinopa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 294. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, 30.vii.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, (specimen only bearing left forewing) NHMUK010922950, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 294). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops charitopis Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 84, 266, 475) "Acrocercops charitopis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 228. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, ii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 3 syntypes (♂ and ♀): BMNH(E) 1404733, BMNH(E) 1404735, BMNH(E) 1404739, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 228). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops chloronympha Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 85, 267, 475) "Acrocercops chloronympha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 467. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos, xi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 2♀, NHMUK010862814, NHMUK010922949, NHMUK. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 31AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 467). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops chrysometra (Meyrick, 1926) (Figs 86, 268, 475) "Aristotelia chrysometra, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1926. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 3(9): 273–274. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404506, genitalia slide J.F.G.C. 5725♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1926: 274). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops cirrhantha Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 87, 269, 475) "Acrocercops cirrhantha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 231. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404742, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 231). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops cissiella Busck, 1934 (Fig. 88) "Acrocercops cissiella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 177–178. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44148 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 178). Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Hibiscus elatus Sweet (Robinson et al. 2010); Menispermaceae: Cissampelos sp. (Busck [1934]: 178), Cissampelos verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis (Robinson et al. 2010); Vitaceae: Vitis sp. (Robinson et al. 2010). Acrocercops clitoriella Busck, [1934] (Fig. 89) "Acrocercops clitoriella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 175–176. Type locality: Cuba, Baraguá. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44136 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 176). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Clitoria sp. (Busck [1934]: 176), Clitoria ternatea L. (Robinson et al. 2010). Acrocercops clytosema Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 90, 270, 475) "Acrocercops clytosema, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 294. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010922943, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 294). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops contorta Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 91, 271) "Acrocercops contorta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 292. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, 24.vi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010922944, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 292). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DE PRINS1 ET AL.32 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Acrocercops cordiella Busck, 1934 (Fig. 92) "Acrocercops cordiella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 174–175. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44144 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 174). Larval hostplant(s): Boraginaceae: Cordia alba (Jacq.) Roem & Schult. (Busck [1934]: 174). Acrocercops crotalistis Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 93, 272, 475) "Acrocercops crotalistis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 229. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft.; Chosica, 2800 ft., viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 8 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1404796, BMNH(E) 1404797, BMNH(E) 1404806, NHMUK. Note: In the NHMUK collection there are 11 identified specimens from Lima and 2 from Chosica, all collected by Parish. It will need future clarification which specimens should be considered syntypic. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 229). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops cyclogramma Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 94, 273, 475) "Acrocercops cyclogramma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 466. Type locality: Peru, Iquitos, ii.1920, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404743, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1921: 466). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops cymella Forbes, 1931 (Figs 95, 274, 475) "Acrocercops cymella new species"—Forbes, W.T.M. 1931. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico 15(4): 380–381; pl. 42, fig. 23. Type locality: Porto Rico [Puerto Rico], Coamo Springs, 10.iv.1930, Lot 795. Type specimens: Holotype nr. 1062 (gender not stated), CU. Distribution: Puerto Rico (Forbes 1931: 381). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops demotes Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 96, 275) "Acrocercops demotes, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 340; pl. 9, fig. 35. Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404985, coll. Walsingham nr. 66767, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 340). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops desmochares Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 97, 276, 475) "Acrocercops desmochares, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 468–469. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos, xi. 1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, NHMUK010922945, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 469). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 33AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Acrocercops encentris Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 98, 277, 475) "Acrocercops encentris, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 227. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 7 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1405064, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 227). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops fasciculata Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 99, 278, 475) "Acrocercops fasciculata, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 230–231. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1405180, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 231). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops gemmans Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 100, 279) "Acrocercops gemmans, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 339–340. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft., viii.1918, leg. H.H. Smith. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405336, coll. Walsingham nr. 66751, NHMUK; 8 paratypes nrs. 66752, 66754, 66755, 66757, 66758 in NHMUK, nrs. 66753, 66756, 66759 in USNM. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 340). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops hapsidota Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 101, 280, 475) "Acrocercops hapsidota, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 229–230. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Mallali [Malali], iii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 6 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1405357, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 230). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops hastigera Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 102, 281, 475) "Acrocercops hastigera, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 227. Type locality: Ecuador, Duran, 23.vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405375, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 227). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops helicomitra Meyrick, 1924 (Figs 103, 282, 475) "Acrocercops helicomitra, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1924. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 3(3): 85–86. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, 1924, leg. G. Bondar. Type specimens: 14 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1405363 (with abdomen), NHMUK. Note: 11 syntypes, found in NHMUK, are glued to card triangle points and none of them in good condition. DE PRINS1 ET AL.34 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1924: 85–86). Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Gossypium herbaceum L. (Robinson et al. 2010), Gossypium sp. (Meyrick 1924: 86). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Elasmus chapadae Ashmead, 1904 (Noyes 2017). Acrocercops hippuris Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 104, 283, 475) "Acrocercops hippuris, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 232– 233. Type locality: Peru, Huancayo, 10650 ft.; Jauja, 11900 ft, vii.1914. Type specimens: 5 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E)1405359, BMNH(E)1405371, BMNH(E) 1405383, BMNH(E)1405391 (abdomen missing), NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 233). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops inconspicua Forbes, 1930 (Figs 105, 475) "Acrocercops inconspicua, new species"—Forbes, W.T.M. 1930. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 12(1): 142–143. Type locality: Porto Rico [Puerto Rico], Yauco. Type specimens: Holotype (gender not stated) and paratypes (gender and number not stated) in USNM; Paratype (gender not stated) in "Ins. Exp. Stat." Distribution: Puerto Rico (Forbes 1930: 143). Larval hostplant(s): Verbenaceae: Citharaexylon fruticosum L. (Forbes 1930: 143). Acrocercops insulella (Walsingham, 1891) (Figs 106, 284) "Zarathra insulella"—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1891. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 37: 538–539. Type locality: West Indies, St. Vincent. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405200, NHMUK; 2 paratypes (gender not stated), 1♂: BMNH(E) 1405213 (abdomen missing), BMNH(E) 1405214, NHMUK. Distribution: Dominican Republic (Walsingham 1897: 150), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Walsingham 1891: 539). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops ipomoeae Busck, [1934] (Figs 107, 380) "Acrocercops ipomoeae new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 178–179. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44149 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 179). Larval hostplant(s): Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Robinson et al. 2010), Jacquemontia sp., Ipomoea sp. (Busck [1934]: 179). Acrocercops leucographa Clarke, 1953 (Figs 108, 440, 475) "Acrocercops leucographa n. sp."—Clarke, J.F.G. 1953b. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 13: 71–72. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Tigre. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, nr. 61414, USNM; Paratypes 4♂ and 3♀, USNM and coll. Bourquin (Buenos Aires). Distribution: Argentina (Clarke 1953b: 71–72). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 35AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Acrocercops leuconota (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 109, 285, 475) "G.[racilaria] leuconota"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 414–415; pl. 6, fig. 146. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá, Ubaque. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1404880, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 415). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops luctuosa Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 110, 286, 475) "Acrocercops luctuosa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 228. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405338, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 228). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops maranthaceae Busck, 1934 (Fig. 111) "Acrocercops maranthaceae new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 177. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44147 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 177). Larval hostplant(s): Marantaceae: Maranta sp. (Busck [1934]: 177). Acrocercops marmaritis Walsingham, 1914 (Figs 112, 287) "Acrocercops marmaritis, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 340; pl. 9, fig. 34. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000 ft. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405474, coll. Walsingham nr. 66760, NHMUK. Distribution: Mexico (Walsingham 1914: 340). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops melanocosma Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 113, 288, 475) "Acrocercops melanocosma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 291. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, 08.vii.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 5 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1405482, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 291). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops melantherella Busck, 1934 (Fig. 114) "Acrocercops melantherella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 175. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44145 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 175). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Small (Robinson et al. 2010), Melanthera deltoidea Michx. (Busck [1934]: 175). DE PRINS1 ET AL.36 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Acrocercops microphis Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 115, 289, 475) "Acrocercops microphis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 466. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010922960, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 466). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops nolckeniella (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 116, 290, 475) "G.[racilaria] Nolckeniella"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 412–414; pl. 6, fig. 145. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Syntypes (♂ and ♀) number not stated. Seven syntypes, BMNH(E) 1405475, are present in the collection of NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller, 1877: 413), Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 225). Larval hostplant(s): Solanaceae: Brugmansia sp. (Zeller 1877: 413). Acrocercops obversa Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 117, 291, 475) "Acrocercops obversa, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 230. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, iv.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405772, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 230). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops ornata (Walsingham, 1897) (Figs 118, 292, 475) "Eucosmophora ornata, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 149–150. Type locality: Grenada, Balthazar, 300 ft., windward side. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405816, coll. Walsingham, NHMUK. Distribution: Grenada (Walsingham 1897: 150). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops perturbata Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 119, 293, 475) "Acrocercops perturbata, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 469–470. Type locality: Peru, Jurimaguas, Iquitos; Brazil, Teffé, iii.1920, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 7 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH(E) 1405650, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil, Peru (Meyrick 1921: 470). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops piligera Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 120, 294, 475) "Acrocercops piligera, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 227– 228. Type locality: Colombia, Cali, 500 ft., v.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405651, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Meyrick 1915b: 228). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 37AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Acrocercops pontifica Forbes, 1931 (Figs 121, 475) "Acrocercops pontifica new species"—Forbes, W.T.M. 1931. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico 15(4): 380; pl. 42, fig. 24. Type locality: Porto Rico [Puerto Rico], El Yunque. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, nr. 1061, CU. Distribution: Puerto Rico (Forbes 1931: 380). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops pylonias Meyrick, 1921 (Figs 122, 295, 475) "Acrocercops pylonias, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 465. Type locality: Peru, Iquitos, v.1920, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405655 (abdomen and hindwings missing), NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1921: 465). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops ramigera Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 123, 296, 475) "Acrocercops ramigera, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 292. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, 26.vi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, NHMUK010862785, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 292). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops rhynchograpta Meyrick, 1920 (Figs 124, 297, 475) "Acrocercops rhynchograpta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 292. Type locality: Brazil, Pará. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405632, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 292). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops serrigera Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 125, 126, 298, 299, 381, 382, 441, 475) "Acrocercops serrigera, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 232. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft, viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Lectotype ♂, NHMUK, genitalia slide BMNH 31204♂, designated by Landry (2006: 442, fig. 28), NHMUK; in original description 34 syntypes (♂ and ♀) were mentioned, 12 of these as Paralectotypes in NHMUK. Subspecies: Acrocercops serrigera galapagosensis Landry, 2006 "Acrocercops serrigera galapagosensis ssp. n."—Landry, B., 2006: 440–446, figs, 1, 10A–D, 19A–B. Ecuador, Galápagos, Santa Crúz, Finca Vilema, 2 km W Bella Vista. Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009151, MHNG; Paratypes 28♂ and 28♀, genitalia slides BL 1170, BL 1555, BL 1557, BL 1558, BL 1560, BL 1561, BL 1564, BL 1565, BL 1566, CNC, CDRS, MHNG, NHMUK, USNM. Distribution: Chile (Vargas et al. 2013: 112), Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 232), Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 445), Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 232). Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Malva nicaeensis All., Waltheria ovata Cav. (Vargas et al. 2013: 113). DNA: GenBank: JX567743, JX567747 (Vargas et al. 2013). DE PRINS1 ET AL.38 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Note: Judging from the genital morphology shown in Landry (2006), this species might belong to the subfamily Ornixolinae. Acrocercops soritis Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 127, 300, 475) "Acrocercops soritis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 224. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405981, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 224). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops stalagmitis Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 128, 301, 475) "Acrocercops stalagmitis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 224–225. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, xii.1912, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1405524, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 225). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops taeniarcha Meyrick, 1932 (Figs 129, 302, 475) "Acrocercops taeniarcha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1932. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 4(9): 268. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos, xi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1406043, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1932: 268). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops undifraga Meyrick, 1931 (Figs 130, 303, 475) "Acrocercops undifraga, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1931b. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 4(2): 47. Type locality: Haiti, xi.1929, leg. J. Myers. Type specimens: Syntypes 1♂ and 1♀, BMNH(E) 1405983, NHMUK. Distribution: Cuba (Busck [1934]: 174), Haiti (Meyrick 1931b: 47). Larval hostplant(s): Solanaceae: Solanum antillarum O. E. Schulz (Busck [1934]: 174), S. torvum Sweet (Meyrick 1931b: 47). Acrocercops urbanella (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 131, 304, 475) "G.[racilaria] urbanella"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 419–420; pl. 6, fig. 150. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1405848, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 420). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops xeniella (Zeller, 1877) (Figs 132, 305, 475) "G.[racilaria] xeniella"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 418–419; pl. 6, fig. 149. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá, foot of Mt. Guadalupe. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1405861, NHMUK. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 419). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 39AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops xystrota Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 133, 306, 475) "Acrocercops xystrota, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 224. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Mallali [Malali]. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1405949, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 224). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Acrocercops zebrulella Forbes, 1931 (Figs 134, 307, 475) "Acrocercops zebrulella new species"—Forbes, W.T.M. 1931. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico 15(4): 381–382; pl. 42, figs 21–22. Type locality: Porto Rico, El Yunque, Luquillo, Mts., 1500–2000 ft., 23.iv.1930. Type specimens: Holotype ♂ nr. 1063, CU; Paratype ♀, CU. Distribution: Puerto Rico (Forbes 1931: 382). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Chilocampyla Busck, 1900 "Chilocampyla, new genus"—Busck, A. 1900. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23(1208): 248. Type species: Chilocampyla dyariella Busck, 1900. By original designation. Chilocampyla psidiella Busck, 1934 (Fig. 135) "Chilocampyla psidiella new species"—Busck, A. [1934]. Entomologica Americana 13 (1933)(4): 172–173. Type locality: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 44143 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Busck, A. [1934]: 173). Larval hostplant(s): Myrtaceae: Eugenia axillaris (Sweet) Willd., Psidium guajava L. (Busck [1934]: 173), P. guineense Sweet (Robinson et al. 2010). Cryptolectica Vári, 1961 "Cryptolectica gen. nov."—Vári, L. 1961. Transvaal Museum Memoir 12(): xviii (key), 177. Type species: Acrocercops monodecta Meyrick, 1912a. By original designation. Cryptolectica lazaroi Landry, 2006 (Figs 136, 308, 383, 442, 475) "Cryptolectica lazaroi sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 460–462, figs 5, 14A–D, 23A– B. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, Santa Crúz, Media Luna, Pampa Zone, 08.ii.1989, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, CNC LEP 00028595, CNC; Paratypes 15♂ and 11♀, genitalia slides BL 1172, BL 1538, BL 1539, BL 1540, BL 1542, CDRS, CNC, MHNG. Distribution: Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 462). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Ageratum conyzoides L., Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gartn. (Landry 2006: 462). DE PRINS1 ET AL.40 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Dialectica Walsingham, 1897 "Dialectica, g. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 150. Type species: Gracillaria scalariella Zeller, 1850. By original designation. The type species was established in combination with the generic name Gracilaria, at that time an incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillaria Haworth, 1828. Gracilaria was not established as an emendation until 1907, by Walsingham in Sharp (1907) (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 92). Didactica Tutt, 1900 "Didactica, Walsm."—Tutt, J.W. 1900. A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera. Volume II. Swan Sonnenheim & Co., London, 132. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Dialectica Walsingham, 1897. Eutrichocnemis Spuler, 1910 "Gattung Eutrichocnemis"—Spuler, A. 1901–1910. Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Mit über 3500 Figuren auf 95 Tafeln und 505 Abbildungen im Text. 3. Auflage von Prof. E. Hofmann's Werk: Die Groß-Schmetterlinge Europas. 4 Vols. Schweizerbarthsche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 409. Type species: Gracillaria scalariella Zeller, 1850. By subsequent designation by Ely, 1918. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington 19: 35, 68. The type species was established in combination with the generic name Gracilaria, at that time an incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillaria Haworth, 1828. Gracilaria was not established as an emendation until 1907 by Walsingham in Sharp (1907). A junior objective synonym of Dialectica Walsingham, 1897 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 127). Invalid designation of type species: Gracillaria simploniella Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1844, was designated by Fletcher, 1929. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of India (Entomology) 11: 93, and has been accepted as the type species by some authors (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 127). Dialectica galapagosensis Landry, 2006 (Figs 137, 309, 384, 443, 475) "Dialectica galapagosensis sp. n."—Landry, B. 2006. Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3): 464–468, figs 6, 15A–D, 24A–D. Type locality: Ecuador, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m elevation, 09.iv.1992, leg. B. Landry. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MHNG ENTO 00009155, MHNG; Paratypes 28♂ and 11♀, genitalia slides BL 1174, BL 1543, BL 1544, BL 1545, BL 1546, BL 1547, BL 1548, BL 1554, BL 1559, BMNH(E) 1479429, CDRS, CNC, MHNG, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry 2006: 468). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Macraea laricifolia Hook. f. (Landry 2006: 468). Dialectica permixtella Walsingham, 1897 (Fig. 138) "Dialectica permixtella, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 152. Type locality: [Dominican Republic], S[anto] Domingo, Sánchez; Grenada, Balthazar, 250 ft. Type specimens: 3 Syntypes ♀, coll. Walsingham, BMNH(E) 1406289, BMNH(E) 1406201, NHMUK. Distribution: Dominican Republic, Grenada (Walsingham 1897: 152). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Dialectica rendalli Walsingham, 1897 (Figs 139, 310) "Dialectica rendalli, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 151. Type locality: Jamaica, Monteague, 1100 ft, xi.1891, leg. Rendall. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1406314, coll. Walsingham, NHMUK. Distribution: Jamaica (Walsingham 1897: 151), Puerto Rico (Forbes 1930: 142. Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Robinson et al. 2010). Dialectica sanctaecrucis Walsingham, 1897 (Figs 140, 141, 444) "Dialectica sanctae-crucis, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 151. Type locality: [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Croix. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 41AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Type specimens: Holotype ♀ (not a ♂ as stated in the original description, see Landry 2006: 469), BMNH(E) 1406508, genitalia slide BMNH 29522♀, NHMUK; 2 more specimens [not included in types series]. Subspecies: Dialectica sanctaecrucis darwini Landry, 2006 "Dialectica sanctaecrucis darwini ssp. n."—Landry, B. 2006: 468–473, figs 7, 16A–E, 25A–C. Ecuador, Galápagos, Santiago, 200 m elevation. Holotype ♂, MHNG; Paratypes 2♂ and 11♀, BMNH(E) 1479424, genitalia slides BL 1236, BL 1549, BL 1550, BL 1551, BL 1552, BL 1553, CDRS, MHNG, NHMUK, USNM. Distribution: Cuba, Dominican Republic (Busck [1934]: 173), Jamaica (Landry 2006: 472), Puerto Rico (Forbes 1930: 141), Virgin Islands: Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 151). Larval hostplant(s): Solanaceae: Solanum melongena L., S. torvum Sweet (Busck [1934]: 173). Eucosmophora Walsingham, 1897 "Eucosmophora, g. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 148–149. Type species: Eucosmophora dives Walsingham, 1897. By original designation. Eucosmophora aspila Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 142, 311, 475) "Eucosmophora aspila Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 18–19; figs 5, 135–137, 175–177; map 1. Type locality: Brazil, Parintins, x.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1409425, genitalia slide BMNH 30833♀, NHMUK; Paratype 1♂, BMNH(E) 1409413, genitalia slide BMNH 3084♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil, Peru (Davis & Wagner 2005: 19). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora atlantis (Meyrick, 1924) (Figs 143, 312, 385, 475) "Acrocercops atlantis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1924. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 3(3): 85. Type locality: Costa Rica, San José. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1409404, genitalia slide BMNH 30830♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Costa Rica (Meyrick 1924: 85). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DNA: BOLD Project MNAN; USNMENT 00657267 has a partial barcode (307bp). Note: USNMENT 00657271 appears to be a contaminant as it matches genus Pero Herrich-Schäffer (Geometridae). Eucosmophora chrysocosma (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 144, 386, 445, 475) "Acrocercops chrysocosma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 225–226. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Lectotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1407256, NHMUK; Paralectotypes 2♂ and 2♀, BMNH, designated by Davis & Wagner (2005: 18); Meyrick mentioned 24 syntypes (♂ and ♀) in his original description, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 226). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora dives Walsingham, 1897 (Figs 145, 313, 446, 475) "Eucosmophora dives, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 149. Type locality: Grenada, Balthazar, windward side, 250 ft. [76.2 m], 05.v., leg. H.H. Smith. DE PRINS1 ET AL.42 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Type specimens: Holotype ♀ [erroneously sexed as ♂ by Walsingham], BMNH(E) 1409430, genitalia slide BMNH 27922♀, NHMUK. Distribution: Barbados, British Virgin Islands: Tortola, Dominican Republic (Davis & Wagner 2005: 24), Grenada (Walsingham 1897: 149), Puerto Rico (Forbes 1930: 142). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Inga fagifolia (L.) Willd. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 25), I. vera Willd. (Robinson et al. 2010), Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. (Robinson et al. 2010). DNA: BOLD Project MNAN; USNMENT 00657273 has a partial barcode (407bp). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Euderus lividus (Ashmead, 1886), Closterocerus lividus (Ashmead, 1894), Elachertus sp., Cirrospilus sp.; Trichogrammatidae: Ufens sp. (Noyes 2017). Eucosmophora echinulata Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 146, 447, 475) "Eucosmophora echinulata Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 24; figs 13, 195–196; map 1. Type locality: Paraguay, Itapua, El Tirol, 27°10'S 55°45'W, 22–23, 25–26.iv.1986, leg. M. Pogue & A. Solis. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, genitalia slide USNM 31825♀, USNM; Paratype 1♀ (abdomen missing), USNM. Distribution: Paraguay (Davis & Wagner 2005: 24). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora eclampsis (Durrant, 1914) (Figs 147, 314, 448, 475) "Acrocercops eclampsis, sp. n., Drnt."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1914. Biologia Centrali- Americana, Lepidoptera-Heterocera 4(1909–1915): 339. Type locality: Panama, iii.1860, leg. R.H. Stretch. Type specimens: Holotype ♀ [not ♂ as mentioned in original description], nr. 401229, BMNH(E) 1408290, genitalia slide BMNH 30829♀, NHMUK. Distribution: Panama (Walsingham, 1914: 339). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora eurychalca (Meyrick, 1920) (Figs 148, 315, 387, 475) "Acrocercops eurychalca, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1920. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(10): 290–291. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, 20.vi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Lectotype ♂, designated by Davis & Wagner (2005: 19), BMNH(E) 1409421, genitalia slide BMNH 30832♂, NHMUK; Paralectotype 1♂, BMNH(E) 1409408, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1920: 291). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora ingae Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 149, 388, 449, 475) "Eucosmophora ingae Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 25; figs 15, 25, 73–119, 121, 159–162, 201–203; map 1. Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biologia de la Selva, 50–150 m, 10°26'N 84°01'W, mine 10.ii.1997 on Inga oerstediana Benth. ex Seemann, emerged 06.iii.1997, leg. D.L. Wagner. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide DRD 4039♂, MNCR-A (formerly INBIO); Paratypes 18♂ and 4♀, genitalia slides DRD 4038, 4040, USNM 32195, 32197, 32198, MNCR-A (formerly INBIO), USNM, coll. Wagner. Distribution: Costa Rica (Davis & Wagner 2005: 25). Larval hostplant(s): Fabaceae: Inga oerstediana Benth. ex Seemann, Pithecellobium catenatum Donn. Sm. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 25). DNA: BOLD Project MNAN, paratypes: USNMENT 00657169 and USNMENT 00657170. Parasitoids: Braconidae: Gnaptodon sp. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 25). Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 43AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Eucosmophora melanactis (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 150, 316, 389, 475) "Acrocercops melanactis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 226. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Mallali [Malali], iii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1409409, genitalia slide BMNH 30828♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 226). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora paraguayensis Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 151, 390, 475) "Eucosmophora paraguayensis Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 20–21; figs 9, 144–146; map 1. Type locality: Paraguay, Depto. Amambay, Parque Nacional Cerro Cora, 22°39'S 56°01'W, 7–10.iv.1986, leg. M. Pogue & A. Solis. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide USNM 31824♂, USNM; Paratypes 2♂, USNM. Distribution: Paraguay (Davis & Wagner 2005: 20). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora pithecellobiae Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 152, 391, 450) "Eucosmophora pithecellobiae Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 23; figs 12, 21–22, 30, 38–72, 120, 153–155, 191–192; map 2. Type locality: U.S.A., Florida, Monroe Co., Dynamite Hammock, Upper Key Largo, 11.iii.1991, emerged 28– 31.iii.1991, leg. D.L. Wagner & D.R. Davis. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide DRD 4020♂, coll. Wagner; Paratypes 20♂ and 17♀, genitalia slides USNM 31649, 31805, 31806, 31832, 32207, USNM, coll. Wagner. Distribution: Belize: (Davis & Wagner 2005: 23). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Florida (Davis & Wagner 2005: 23). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: host plant records in the Nearctic Region: Fabaceae: Pithecellobium guadalupense (Pers.) Champ., P. macrandrium Donn. Sm., P. unguis-cati (L.) Benth. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 23). DNA: BOLD Project MNAN, paratype: USNMENT 00657289 has a partial barcode (407bp); GenBank: AY521495 (Lopez-Vaamonde et al. 2006). Eucosmophora pouteriae Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 153, 392, 451, 475) "Eucosmophora pouteriae Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 17; figs 2, 126–127, 130, 166–168; map 2. Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia Prov., Estación de la Selva, 10°26'N 84°01'W, 17.ii.1997, emerged 02.iii.1997, leg. D.L. Wagner. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide DRD 4041♂, MNCR-A(formerly INBIO); Paratypes 3♂, 1♀ genitalia slide DRD 4071♀, MNCR-A (formerly INBIO), USNM, coll. Wagner. Distribution: Costa Rica: Heredia (Davis & Wagner 2005: 17). Larval hostplant(s): Sapotaceae: Pouteria campechiana (H.B.K.) Baechni (Davis & Wagner 2005: 17). Parasitoids: Braconidae: Apanteles sp. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 17). Eucosmophora prolata Davis & Wagner, 2005 (Figs 154, 452, 475) "Eucosmophora prolata Davis & Wagner, new sp."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2005. Tropical Lepidoptera 13 (2002)(1–2): 17–18; figs 3, 169–171; map 3. Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, near Rio Baria, Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 140 m, 0°50'N 66°10'W, DE PRINS1 ET AL.44 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press 1–9.ii.1985, leg. W.E. Steiner. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, genitalia slide USNM 31829♀, USNM. Distribution: Venezuela (Davis & Wagner 2005: 18). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Eucosmophora schinusivora Davis & Wheeler, 2011 (Figs 155, 393, 453, 475) "Eucosmophora schinusivora Davis and Wheeler, new species"—Davis, D.R., Mc Kay, F. Oleiro, M., Diniz Vitorino, M. & Wheeler, G.S. 2011. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 65(2): 73–74, figs 1, 5–6, 11–16, 26– 30. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Paranaguá, Rio Guariguacu, Sambaqui, mine 19.x.1992, e.l. Schinus terebinthifolius, 13.xi.1992, leg. F. D. Bennett et al. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, USNM; Paratypes 21♂, 15♀, USNM, MACN, MGCL, DZUP. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Davis et al. 2011: 73), French Guiana (Lees et al. 2014: S2) Larval hostplant(s): Anacardiaceae: Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl., Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Davis et al. 2011: 73). DNA: BOLD Project RDOPO, DDAV-D540, DDAV-D542, DDAV-D543; GenBank KF460868 (Lees et al. 2014), HM382088, HM382089, HM382090. Note: species identification in GenBank KF460868 (Lees et al. 2014) needs confirmation. Eucosmophora sideroxylonella Busck, 1900 (Figs 156, 394, 454) "Eucosmophora sideroxylonella, new species"—Busck, A. 1900. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23(1208): 250–251. Type locality: U.S.A., Florida, Palm Beach Co, 24.ii.1900, leg. H.G. Dyar. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, No. 4960, genitalia slide USNM 31648♀, USNM; 1♂, USNM. Synonym(s): Eucosmophora sideroxyloniella (Dyar, [1903]) "[Eucosmophora] sideroxyloniella Busck"—Dyar, H.G. [1903]: 557, nr. 6340. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Eucosmophora sideroxylonella Busck, 1900. Eucosmophora sideroxylella Meyrick, 1912 "Acrocercops sideroxylella"—Meyrick, E. 1912c: 46. An unjustified emendation of Eucosmophora sideroxylonella Busck, 1900. Distribution: Cuba (Davis & Wagner 2005: 21). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Florida (Busck 1900: 250). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: host plant records in the Nearctic Region: Ericaceae: Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) Torrey ex Robinson (Robinson et al. 2002: 18); Sapotaceae: Sideroxylon pallidum (Swet) Spreng (Busck 1900: 250), Manilkara jaimiqui (Wright) Dubard, Sideroxylon celastrinum (Kunth) T. D. Penn. (Robinson et al. 2002: 18), Dipholis salicifolia (L.) A. DC., Masticodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Lam. (Davis & Wagner 2005: 21). Eucosmophora trimetalla (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 157, 317, 455, 475) "Acrocercops trimetalla, n. sp."—Meyrick, E.1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 226. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, i.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Lectotype ♀, designated by Davis & Wagner (2005: 26), BMNH(E) 1409401, genitalia slide BMNH 30831♀, NHMUK; Paralectotype ♂ (abdomen missing), BMNH(E) 1409414, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 226). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 45AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Sauterina Kuznetzov, 1979 " Sauterina Kuznetzov, gen. n."—Kuznetzov, V. I.. 1979a. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 58(4): 841 (key), 851. Type species: Gracillaria hofmanniella Schleich, 1867. The type species was established in combination with the generic name Gracilaria, at that time an incorrect subsequent spelling of Gracillaria. By original designation. Sauterina hexameris (Meyrick, 1921) comb. nov. (Figs 158, 318, 395, 475) "Gracilaria hexameris, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 470. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos, xi.1919, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1410734, genitalia slide NHMUK010313404♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1921: 470). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: transferred from Caloptilia to Sauterina based on morphology of external characters and male genitalia (following the preliminary results of the taxonomic revision of Neotropical Caloptilia by Helber Adrián Arévalo Maldonado). Sauterina phiaropis (Meyrick, 1921) comb. nov. (Figs 159, 319, 396, 475) "Gracilaria phiaropis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1921. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(15): 470. Type locality: Peru, Iquitos, iii.1920, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1410732, genitalia slide NHMUK010313407♂, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1921: 470). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: transferred from Caloptilia to Sauterina based on morphology of external characters and male genitalia (following the preliminary results of the taxonomic revision of Neotropical Caloptilia by Helber Adrián Arévalo Maldonado). Telamoptilia Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 "Genus Telamoptilia Kumata et Kuroko nov."—Kumata, T., Kuroko, H. & Ermolaev, V.P. 1988. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S. 40: 57–59. Type species: Acrocercops cathedraea Meyrick, 1908. By original designation. Telamoptilia hibiscivora Davis & Davis, 2017 (Figs 160, 397, 456) "Telamoptilia hibiscivora D. and M. Davis, new species"—Davis, D.R. & Davis, M.M. 2017. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 71(4): 3–7, Figs 1, 2, 5–9, 14–67. Type locality: U.S.A., Maryland, Anne Arundel Co., South River Marsh, Rt. 450, 38°59'N 76°36'W, mine on Hibiscus moscheutos L. 17.ix.1989, em. 17.ii.1990, leg. D.R. Davis. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, nr. 013254 15, genitalia slide USNM 005273♂, USNM; Paratypes 42♂, 47♀, 28 larvae, 3 pupae, larval slides USNM 30473, 30478, 30507, 30969, genitalia slides DRD 30765♀, 34679♀, 34678♀, USNM. Distribution: Mexico (Davis & Davis 2017: 7). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Louisiana, Maryland, Texas (Davis & Davis 2017: 7). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: larval hostplant in the Nearctic Region: Malvaceae: Hibiscus moscheutos L. (Davis & Davis 2017: 7). DNA: BOLD USMN ENT 00657240, 00657246, 0657247; GenBank KX038712 (Davis & Davis 2017: 5). Telamoptilia pavoniae Davis & Davis, 2017 (Figs 161, 398, 457) "Telamoptilia pavoniae D. and M. Davis, new species"—Davis, D.R. & Davis, M.M. 2017. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 71(4): 7–11, Figs 1, 3, 10–13, 14. DE PRINS1 ET AL.46 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Type locality: Cuba, Pinardel Rio La Caridad, Soroa, 22°48'N 83°01' W, mine on Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) 05.xii.1994, em. 20-22.xii.1994, leg. D.R. Davis. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, nr. 013254 16, USNM; Paratypes 4♂, 6♀, genitalia slides USNM 34674♂, 34676♂, 34701♀, 34675♀, USNM. Distribution: Cuba (Davis & Davis 2017: 11). Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle (Davis & Davis 2017: 11). DNA: BOLD USMN ENT 01202077, 01202079; GenBank KX038711 (Davis & Davis 2017: 5). Vihualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 "Vihualpenia nom. nov."—Mundaca, E.A., Parra, L.E. & Vargas, H.A. 2013b. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(3): 158. Type species: Hualpenia lithraeophaga Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013. Revista Brasileira de Entomología 57(2): 158– 163, figs 2–9. By original designation and monotypy. Replacement name for Hualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013. Hualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 "Hualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas gen. nov."—Mundaca, E.A., Parra, L.E. & Vargas, H.A. 2013a. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 158. Type species: Hualpenia lithraeophaga Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013. Revista Brasileira de Entomología 57(2): 158–163, figs 2–9. By original designation and monotypy. A junior homonym of Hualpenia Franz, 1996 (Coleoptera). The replacement name is Vihualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013. Note: Larvae of this genus show unique chaetotaxy in Acrocercopinae, having only a single lateral seta in third to nine abdominal segments (Mundaca et al. 2013a), whereas other acrocercopine genera generally have two lateral setae in abdomen (Kumata et al. 1988). Vihualpenia lithraeophaga Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 (Figs 162, 475) "Hualpenia lithraeophaga Mundaca, Parra & Vargas sp. nov."—Mundaca, E.A., Parra, L.E. & Vargas, H.A. 2013a. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 158–163, figs 2–9. Type locality: Chile, VIII Region, Hualpén Peninsula, Parque Botánico of the Universidad de Concepción, e.l. 07.xii.1999, leg. E. Mundaca. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MZUC; Allotype [paratype] ♀, MZUC; Paratype 1♀, MZUC. Distribution: Chile (Mundaca et al. 2013a: 159). Larval hostplant(s): Anacardiaceae: Lithraea caustica (Mol.) H. & Arn. (Mundaca et al. 2013a: 159). Phyllocnistinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 "Phyllocnistina"—Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. 1857. Korrespondenzblatt des zoologisch-mineralischen Vereines in Regensburg 11(3–5): 58. Type genus: Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848. Included as a subfamily in Nye & Fletcher (1991), Davis and Robinson (1998), and De Prins and De Prins (2005) within the Gracillariidae. Treated as a separate family by Powell and Opler (2009). Phyllocnistini Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 "Phyllocnistis n. gen."—Zeller, P.C. 1848. Linnaea Entomologica 3(): 250 (key), 264–266. Type species: Opostega suffusella Zeller, 1847a. By subsequent designation by Hampson, 1918. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 387. Phylloenistis Chambers, 1875 "Phylloenistis"—Chambers, V.T. 1875b. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science 2(4): 303. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848. Phylloetis Chambers, 1876 "Phylloetis"—Chambers, V.T. 1876. Canadian Entomologist 8(1): 19. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 47AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Phyllocnistis abatiae Hering, 1958 (Figs 163, 320, 475) "Phyllocnistis abatiae, sp. nov."—Hering, E.M. 1958. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 15: 311–312, figs 14d, 15, 16. Type locality: [Argentina], Tucumán, Tafí del Valle, Quebrada de la Angostura, 1700 m, 01.iii.1953, mine on Abatia stellata Lillo, leg. Wygodzinsky. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide mounted in glycerine, ZMHB. Distribution: Argentina (Hering 1958: 311). Larval hostplant(s): Salicaceae: Abatia stellata Lillo (Hering 1958: 311). Phyllocnistis aurilinea Zeller, 1877 (Figs 164, 321, 475) "Ph.[yllocnistis] auriinea [sic]"—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 450–451. Type locality: [Colombia], Bogotá. Type specimens: Lectotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1412371, NHMUK, paralectotype (gender not specified) BMNH(E) 1412357, NHMUK, designated by Brito et al. (2017b: 307). Note: Abdomen is missing of both type specimens. Synonym(s): Phyllocnistis auriinea Zeller, 1877 "Ph.[yllocnistis] auriinea."—Zeller, P.C. 1877. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 13(1–4): 450. An incorrect original spelling of Phyllocnistis aurilinea Zeller, 1877. Distribution: Colombia (Zeller 1877: 451). Larval hostplant(s): Ericaceae: Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm. (Zeller 1877: 451); Menispermaceae: Cissampelos rhombifolia Vahl. (Robinson et al. 2010). Note: Brito et al. (2017b) indicates monophagy on Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C.Sm. Phyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, 1958 (Figs 165, 322, 475) "Phyllocnistis baccharidis, sp. nov."—Hering, E.M. 1958. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 15: 308–309, figs 11–12, 14b.[ Type locality: [Argentina], Tucumán, Choromoro, Quebrada de Las Higueras, 800 m, 16–17.iii.1953, mine on Baccharis sp., leg. Wygodzinsky. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide mounted in glycerine, ZMHB; Allotype [paratype] ♀, ZMHB; Paratypes 2♀, female genitalia mounted in glycerine, ZMHB. Distribution: Argentina (Hering 1958: 309). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Baccharis sp. (Hering 1958: 309). Phyllocnistis bourquini Pastrana, 1960 (Figs 166, 323, 475) "Phyllocnistis bourquini n. sp."—Pastrana, J.A. 1960. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 17 (1959): 217–219, figs 1–2. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Tigre, viii.1957, leg. Bourquin. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, coll. Pastrana, MACN; Allotype [paratype] ♀, coll. Pastrana, MACN; Paratypes 14♂, 15♀: 10♂ and 11♀, coll. Pastrana, MACN, 4♂, 4♀ in coll. Bourquin. Distribution: Argentina (Pastrana 1960: 217). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Pastrana 1960: 219). Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856 (Figs 167, 324) "Phyllocnistis Citrella, Atkinson in litt."—Stainton, H.T. 1856. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, N. S. (series 2) 3(8): 302–303. Type locality: [India, West Bengal], Calcutta [Kolkata], 1855, leg. Atkinson. Type specimens: Lectotype, BMNH(E) 1055796 (changed to NHMUK010862840 in 2018), (gender not specified), abdomen missing and hindwings missing, NHMUK; 1 Paralectotype, BMNH(E) 1412443, (gender not specified), abdomen missing, NHMUK, designated by Brito et al. (2017: 310). DE PRINS1 ET AL.48 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Synonym(s): Phyllocnistis minutella van Deventer, 1904 "Phyllocnistis minutella Snellen i. l. nov. sp."—van Deventer, W. 1904a: 87–89, footnote; pl. 10, figs 4a–c. [Indonesia], Java. 10 syntypes (♂ and ♀), RNHL. A junior subjective synonym of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856, synonymized by Voûte (1934: 2). Phyllocnistis citricola (Shiraki, 1913) "Lithocolletis citricola"—Shiraki, T. 1913: 330. A junior subjective synonym of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856, synonymized by Voûte (1934: 3). Distribution: Antigua and Barbuda (CABI 2016), Argentina (Willink et al. 1996: 15), Bahamas (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Barbados (CABI 2016), Belize (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Bermuda (Hoy & Jessey 2004: 229), Brazil (Costa et al. 1999: 237), British Virgin Islands (CABI 2016), Cayman Islands (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Chile (Vargas et al. 1998: 65), Colombia (Castaño et al. 1996: 76), Costa Rica, Cuba (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Curaçao, Dominica (CABI 2016), Dominican Republic (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Ecuador (INIAP 1995), Ecuador: Galápagos Islands (Landry & Roque-Albelo 2006: 10), French Guiana, Grenada, Guyana, Guadeloupe (CABI 2016), Honduras, Jamaica (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Martinique (CABI 2016), Mexico (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 110), Netherlands Antilles (CABI 2016), Nicaragua (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Panama (Garrido Vivas 1995: 2), Peru (CABI 2016), Puerto Rico (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 111), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago (CABI 2016), Uruguay (De Prins et al. 2016), Venezuela (Schauff et al. 1998: 1012). Note: Afrotropical Region: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (pers. observations), Côte d’Ivoire (CABI 2016), Eritrea (CABI 2016), Ethiopia (Schauff 1998: 1011), Mauritius (Malausa et al. 1996: 88), Mozambique (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Nigeria (CABI 2016), Oman (Vieira 1997: 61), Réunion (Quilici et al. 1995: 37), South Africa (Janse 1917: 207), Sudan (Badawy 1967: 95), Swaziland (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), Tanzania (Martín Santana et al. 1996: 125), United Arab Emirates (Ba-Angood 1978: 53), Western Sahara (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Yemen (Ba-Angood 1978: 53), Zimbabwe (Schauff et al. 1998: 1026). Australasian Region: Australia (Clausen 1931: 1): New South Wales, Queensland (Common 1990: 200), Northern Territory (Turner 1940: 52), Victoria (CABI 2016), Indonesia: Irian Jaya (CABI 2016), Micronesia (CABI 2016), Papua New Guinea (Vieira 1997: 61), Samoa (CABI 2016), Solomon Islands (Schauff et al. 1998: 1013), United States: Hawaii (Leal 2006: 156). Nearctic Region: United States: Alabama (CABI 2016), California (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Florida (Heppner 1993: 49), Louisiana, Minnesota, Texas (Heppner & Dixon 1995: 110), Oriental Region: Brunei Darussalam (CABI 2016), Cambodia (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), China (Clausen 1931: 1): Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi (CABI 2016); Guam (Maehler 1952: 5), Hong Kong (Martín Santana et al. 1996: 125), India: Andaman Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nicobar Islands, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh (CABI 2016), Kodagu (Bhumannavar & Singh 1983: 397), West Bengal (Stainton 1956: 301), Indonesia: Java (van Deventer 1904: 87–89), Kalimantan, Sulawesi (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Sumatra (Voûte 1934: 3); Japan: Nansei Shoto (Ryūkyū Islands) (Ujiye 1996: 100), Lao (CABI 2016), Malaysia: Malacca (Corbett 1928: 136), Peninsula (Clausen 1931: 1), Sabah, Sarawak (CABI 2016), Myanmar (Clausen 1931: 1), Northern Mariana Islands, Palau (CABI 2016), Philippines (Clausen 1931: 1), Singapore (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand (Clausen 1931: 1), Viet Nam (Logvinovskaya 1983: 610). Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Algeria (Berkani 1995: 347), Bangladesh (CABI 2016), Belgium (imported) (Snyers 2007: 144), China: Sichuan (CABI 2016), Croatia (CABI 2016), Cyprus (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), Denmark (Buhl et al. 2016: 94), Egypt (Martín Santana et al. 1996: 125), France (Malausa et al. 1996: 88), France: Corsica (Malausa et al. 1996: 88), Georgia (CABI 2016), Greece (Anagnou 1995: 149), Greece: Astipalea, Chios, Kos, Lesbos, Paros, Rhodes, Samos (Anagnou 1995: 149), Crete (Kalaitzaki et al. 1997: 82), Iran, Iraq (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Israel (Garrido Vivas 1995: 2), Italy (Ortu et al. 1995: 38): Sardinia (Vieira 1997: 61), Sicily (Balzani et al. 1995: 81), Japan (Clausen 1927: 9 (as saligna)): Honshū (Ito et al. 1982: 284), Kyūshū (Mafi & Ohbayashi 2006: 33), Ogasawara Islands (Takeuchi & Ohbayashi 2006: 216), Shikoku (CABI 2016), Jordan (Martín Santana 1996: 125), Korea (Park 1983: 65), Lebanon (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Lybia, Malta (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), Montenegro (Perovic & Hrncic 2008: 191), Morocco Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 49AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE (Garrido Vivas 1995: 2), Nepal (CABI 2016), Netherlands (Romeijn 1997: 48), Pakistan (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Portugal (Duarte 1995: 30): Azores: Santa Maria, São Miguel (Vieira 1997: 61), Madeira (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Saudi Arabia (Abu-Yaman 1966: 269), Serbia (Dimić et al. 1997: 225), Spain (Garijo & García 1994: 815): Canary Islands (Dimić et al. 1997: 226), Syria (Alkateeb et al. 1999: 60), Tunisia (Jerraya et al. 1996: 1), Turkey (Uygun 1995: 247), Turkmenistan (CABI 2016), Ukraine (Valeyeva 2002: 283), United Kingdom (Homan 2005: 79). Remark: dispersed since 1900 to citrus-producing areas all over the world. Larval hostplant(s): Rutaceae: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (Mello García et al. 2001: 142), C. aurantium L., C. grandis (L.) Osbeck (Bermúdez et al. 2004: 15), C. latifolia Tanaka (Bautista et al. 1996: 73), C. paradisi Macfad. (Bermúdez et al. 2004: 15), C. reticulata Blanco, C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Mello García et al. 2001: 142). Note: Afrotropical Region: Rutaceae: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, C. aurantium L., C. limetta Risso, C. nobilis Lour., C. paradisi Macfad, C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Badawy 1967: 101). Nearctic Region: Lauraceae: Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume; Rutaceae: Atalantia sp., Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bungel) D.O., Citrus rugulosa Yu.Tanaka, (Heppner 2007: 244), Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (Peña et al. 2000: 374), Fortunella crassifolia Swingle, Limonia sp., Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack., Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Ten. (Heppner 2007: 244); Fabaceae: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Heppner 2007: 244); Oleaceae: Jasminum humile L., J. sambac (L.) Aiton (Heppner 2007: 244); Loranthaceae: Loranthus sp. (Heppner 2007: 244). Oriental Region: Rutaceae: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serv. (Fletcher 1921: 172), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Morakote & Nanta 1996a: 30), Citrus sp. (Stainton 1856: 303), Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. ((Fletcher 1921: 172). Palaearctic Region: Rutaceae: Citrus deliciosa Ten (Caleca et al. 1998: 215), C. iyo Tanaka (Mafi & Ohbayashi 2004: 597), C. limetta Risso (Conti et al. 2006: 274), C. limon (L.) Burm. (Caleca et al. 1996: 166), C. reticulata Blanco (Conti et al. 2006: 274), C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Caleca et al. 1998: 215), C. vulgaris Risso (Cabezas et al. 1998: 176), Fortunella sp. (Conti et al. 2006: 274), Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Kharrat & Jerraya 2005: 116). Note 1: HOST database presents the following host plants without indicating the biogeographic region: Rutaceae: Citrus × paradisi Macfad., Citrus histrix DC., C. maxima (Burm. ex Rumph) Merr., C. medica L., Fortunella marginata (Lour.) Swingle. Note 2: Records from Garcinia mangostana L. [Clusiaceae], Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, J. simplicifolium Forst.f. [Oleaceae], Loranthus sp. [Loranthaceae], Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre [Fabaceae], Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume [Lauraceae] need confirmation. Parasitoids: Chalcididae: Conura sp. (Costa et al. 1999: 238); Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Castro et al. 1996: 77). A. fuscicollis (Dalman, 1820) (Diez et al. 2000: 70); Eulophidae: Chrysocharodes sp. (Cave, R. D. 1996: 78), Cirrospilus floridensis Evans, 1999 (Ruiz-Cancino et al. 2001: 89), Cirrospilus neotropicus Diez & Fidalgo, 2003 (Diez & Fidalgo 2004: 101), Cirrospilus sp. (Perales- Gutierrez et al. 1996: 349), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960) (Diez et al. 2006: 329 (introduced)), Closterocerus cinctipennis Ashmead, 1888 (Hoy & Jessey 2004: 229); Closterocerus sp. (Perales-Gutierrez et al. 1996: 349), Elachertus sp., Elasmus sp. (Perales-Gutierrez et al. 1996: 349), Elasmus tischeriae Howard, 1885 (Ruíz-Cancino & Mateos-Crespo 1996: 96), Galeopsomyia fausta LaSalle, 1997 (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462), Galeopsomyia sp. (Castaño et al. 1996: 76), Horismenus sp. (Perales-Gutierrez et al. 1996: 349), Pediobius puertoricensis Schauff, 1998 (Schauff 1998: 258), Pnigalio minio (Walker, 1847), Pnigalio sp. (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462), Sympiesis sp. (Ujiye, T. 1996: 100), Tetrastichus sp. (Bautista et al. 1998: 32), Zagrammosoma multilineatum (Ashmead, 1888) (Castaño et al. 1996: 76), Zagrammosoma sp. (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462); Eupelmidae: Eupelmus sp. (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462). Note: Afrotropical Region: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1042); Eulophidae: Cirrospilus cinctiventris Ferrière, 1936 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), C. ingenuus Gahan, 1932, C. longifasciatus Ferrière, 1936 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1024), Cryptastichus sabo LaSalle, 1998 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1026), Neochrysocharis sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1040), Notanisomorphella borborica (Giard, 1903) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1020), Platocharis coffeae (Ferrière, 1936) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1036), Sympiesis bukobensis Ferrière, 1936, DE PRINS1 ET AL.50 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Sympiesis sp., S. striatipes (Ashmead, 1904) (introduced) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1019, 1020), Zagrammosoma crowei (Kerrich, 1969) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1012). Australasian Region: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Neale et al. 1995: 343 (introduced)); Pteromalidae: Asaphoideus niger Girault, 1913 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1044); Eulophidae: Ascotolinx funeralis Girault, 1913 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1044), Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, 1932, Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960) (introduced) (Neale et al. 1995: 343), Kratoysma citri Bouček, 1988 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1034), Semielacher petiolata (Girault, 1915) (introduced) (Smith & Beattie 1996: 34), Semielacher sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1014), Sympiesis sp. (Smith & Beattie 1996: 34), Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo, 1990 (Smith & Beattie 1996: 36). Nearctic Region: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Smith & Hoy 1995: 600); Pteromalidae: Catolaccus aeneoviridis (Girault, 1911) (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462); Eulophidae: Chrysocharis sp. (Legaspi et al. 1999: 311); Cirrospilus floridensis Evans, 1999 (Evans 1999: 451); C. ingenuus Gahan, 1932 (Smith & Hoy 1995: 600); C. nigrivariegatus (Girault, 1915) (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462), Cirrospilus sp., Closterocerus cinctipennis Ashmead, 1888 (Browning et al. 1996: 14) Closterocerus sp. (Legaspi et al. 1999: 311), Diglyphus begini (Ashmead, 1904), Elachertus sp. (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462), Elasmus tischeriae Howard, 1885, Horismenus sardus (Walker, 1847) (Browning et al. 1996: 14), Horismenus sp. (Legaspi et al. 1999: 311), Pnigalio minio (Walker, 1847) (Duncan & Peña 1996: 79), Pnigalio sp. (French & Legaspi 1996b: 80), Semielacher petiolata (Girault, 1915) (Hoy 2005: 242), Sympiesis sp., Zagrammosoma americanum Girault, 1916 (LaSalle & Peña 1997: 462), Z. multilineatum (Ashmead, 1888) (Browning et al. 1996: 14), Zagrammosoma sp. (French & Legaspi 1996b: 80). Oriental Region: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Ujiye 1996: 100), Ageniaspis sp. (Voûte 1932: 128); Eulophidae: Achrysocharoides sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1039), Apleurotropis sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1034), Asecodes sp. (Ujiye 1996: 100), Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, 1932 (Ujiye & Morakote 1992: 254), C. phyllocnistis (Ishii, 1953) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), Cirrospilus sp. (Voûte 1935: 358), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1024), C. phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960), Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 (Ujiye & Morakote 1992: 254), Elasmus sp. Elasmus zehntneri Ferrière, 1929 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1042), Eupelmus sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1043), Eurytoma sp., Kratoysma sp. (Ujiye & Morakote 1992: 254), Microbracon sp. (Voûte 1935: 358), Pediobius sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1032), Quadrastichus citrella Reine & LaSalle, 2004 (Reina & LaSalle 2004: 113), Quadrastichus sp. (Morakote & Nanta 1996b: 90), Sympiesis sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1020), Sympiesis striatipes (Ashmead, 1904), Tetrastichus sp., Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo, 1990 (Ujiye & Morakote 1992: 254) Palaearctic Region: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 (Ujiye 1996: 100); Pteromalidae: Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo & Grissell (Schauf et al. 1998: 1045); Eulophidae: Achrysocharoides sp. (Schauf et al. 1998: 1039), Apleurotropis sp. (Binglin & Mingdu 1996: 50), Apotetrastichus contractus (Walker, 1872) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1030), Apotetrastichus postmarginalis (Bouček, 1971) (Caleca et al. 1996: 179), Apotetrastichus sericothorax (Szelényi, 1973), Apotetrastichus sp., Aprostocetus sp., Baryscapus sp. Chrysocharis gemma (Walker, 1839), Chrysocharis sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1028, 1030, 1038) Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker, 1839) (Ujiye 1996: 100), Chrysonotomyia sp. (Huang et al. 1989: 59), Cirrospilus brevis Zhu, LaSalle, Huang, 2002 (Zhu et al. 2002: 28), C. cinctiventris Ferrière, 1936 (Vercher et al. 2000: 579 (introduced)), C. diallus Walker, 1838 (Mineo et al. 1998: 200), C. ingenuus Gahan, 1932 (Binglin & Mingdu 1996: 50), C. jiangxiensis Sheng & Wang, 1992 (Zhu et al. 2002: 35), C. lyncus Walker, 1838), C. nigriscutellaris Sheng & Wang, 1992, C. phyllocnistis (Ishii, 1953) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), C. pictus (Nees, 1834) (Garrido Vivas 1995: 11), Cirrospilus sp. (Argov & Rössler 1996: 37), C. staryi Bouček, 1958 (Yefremova et al. 2007: 327), C. variegatus (Masi, 1907) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1010), C. viticola (Rondani, 1877) (Yefremova et al. 2007: 327), C. vittatus (Walker, 1838) (Garrido Vivas 1995: 11), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan, 1960), Closterocerus delucchii (Bouček, 1971), C. erxias (Walker, 1848), C. trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1024, 1041), Cryptastichus sabo LaSalle, 1998 (Vercher et al. 2000: 579 (introduced)), Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1008), Elachertus sp. (Binglin & Mingdu 1996: 50), Elasmus sp., Eupelmus sp. Eupelmus urozonus Dalman, 1820 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1042, 1043), Galeopsomyia fausta LaSalle, 1997 (Vercher et al. 2000: 579 (introduced)), Holcopelte sp., Kratoysma sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1034, 1037), Neochrysocharis formosus, Neochrysocharis sp. (Westwood, 1833) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1040), Pediobius sp. (Boualem et al. 2008: 185), Platocharis Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 51AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE coffeae (Ferrière, 1936) (Vercher et al. 2000: 579), Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo, 1977) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1036), Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) (Viggiani & Giorgini 1995: 224), P. pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Urbaneja et al. 2000: 204), P. soemius (Walker, 1839), Pnigalio sp., Pteromalus sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1018, 1045), Quadrastichus citrella Reine & LaSalle, 2004 (Reina & LaSalle 2004: 113), Quadrastichus sp., Ratzeburgiola cristatus, R. incompleta Bouček, 1971 (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1016, 1023), Semielacher petiolata (Girault, 1915) (Caleca et al. 1998: 218), Stenomesius japonicus (Ashmead, 1904), Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) (Schauff et al. 1998: 1014, 1019), S. gregori Bouček, 1958 (García Marí et al. 1996: 81), S. notata (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Garrido Vivas 1995: 11), Sympiesis sp. (Schauff et al. 1998: 1020), S. striatipes (Ashmead, 1904) (Ujiye 1996: 100), Tetrastichus dolichogaster Sheng & Wang, 1993 (Schauff et al. 1998: 1022), Tetrastichus sp. (Huang et al. 1989: 59), Zagrammosoma multilineatum (Ashmead, 1888) (Yefremova et al. 2007: 335), Zagrammosoma sp. (Ateyyat & Mustafa 2000: 40), Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo, 1990 (Kamijo 1990b: 825). Remark: Eulophidae: Cirrospilus huangyanensis Yang & Pen, 1998, Citrostichus sp., Closterocerus utahensis Crawford, 1912, Horismenus fraternus (Fitch, 1856), Quadrastichus liriomyzae Hansson & LaSalle, 1996, Zaommomentedon sp.; Encyrtidae: Metaphycus citricola Annecke & Mynhardt, 1971, Tyndarichus sp. presented in Noyes (2017) without distribution data. DNA: BOLD Project GMACQ BIOUG24963-A02. Note: DNA sequences are available from the specimens from the Australasian, Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions: BOLD KF919121; GenBank GREC094-12 (Brito et al. 2017a); BOLD AB614514, AB614513, KJ467507, BIOUG17293-F05, BIOUG17339-G07, AYK_MJ_20, AYK_MJ_21, AYK_MJ_55, AYK_MJ_56, AYK_MJ_107, AYK_MJ_109, AYK_MJ_115, AYK_MJ_179, AYK_MJ_186, AYK_MJ_187, AYK_MJ_206, AYK_MJ_210, AYK_MJ_B9_26, AYK_MJ_C17, AYK_MJ_C19, JBA-06-0025, ALcitre1, ALcitre2, JBA- 06-0114, JBA-06-0036, RMNH.5013749. Phyllocnistis dorcas Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 168, 325, 475) "Phyllocnistis dorcas, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 241. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Mallali, iii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1412349, NHMUK. Note: The holotype is not dissected (Brito et al. 2017b: 311). Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 241). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, 2009 (Figs 169, 326, 399, 458, 475) "Phyllocnistis drimiphaga Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, sp. n."—Kawahara, A.Y., Nishida, K. & Davis, D.R. 2009. ZooKeys 27: 12–17, figs 2A, 4A–E, 7A–L, 10A–K. Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 6 km NE Vara Blanca, 2050 m, 10°10'34"N 084°06'41"W, emerged 27.i.2004 from Drimys granadensis, leg. K. Nishida. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, USNM; Paratypes 2 larvae, 3 pupae, 2♂ and 3♀, USNM, UCR, MNCR-A (formerly INBIO). Distribution: Costa Rica (Kawahara et al. 2009: 14). Larval hostplant(s): Winteraceae: Drimys granadensis L. f. (Kawahara et al. 2009: 16). Parasitoids: Encyrtidae: Ageniaspis sp. (Kawahara et al. 2009: 16). Phyllocnistis helios Brito & Moreira, 2017 (Figs 170, 327, 400, 475) "Phyllocnistis helios Brito & Moreira, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 312–313, figs 3H, 4H, 5, 6A, S1. Type locality: Brazil, Planaltina, Federal District, Brasilia, 15°35’S 47°42’W, 1000 m, 26.vi.1984, leg. V. Becker. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-130♂, acquisition number 56.448, coll. V. Becker; Paratypes 2 ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-131♂, 50-132♂, acquisition numbers 56.439 and 57.752, coll. V. Becker. DE PRINS1 ET AL.52 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017b: 313). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis hemera Brito & Fochezato, 2017 (Figs 171, 328, 401, 459, 475) "Phyllocnistis hemera Brito & Fochezato, sp. nov."—Fochezato, J., Brito, R., Isaias, R.M.S., Gonçalves, G.L. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2018. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62: 57–65, figs 1–8. Released online 15 November 2017. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula municipality, 22–24.vi.2016, leg. G.R.P. Moreira, R. Brito & J. Fochezato. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, acquisition number 306-47♂, LMCI; Paratypes 3♂, 4♀: 2♂, 2♀, acquisition numbers 319-30♂, 319-36♂, 319-35♀, 319-45♀, LMCI, 1♂, 2♀, acquisition numbers 60251♂, 60252♀, 60253♀, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Fochezato et al. 2018: 63). Larval hostplant(s): Thymelaeaceae: Daphnopsis fasciculata (Meisn.) Nevling (Fochezato et al. 2018: 63). DNA: BOLD MISA019-17; GenBank MG264519 (Fochezato et al. 2018: 58). Phyllocnistis jupiter Brito & Moreira, 2017 (Figs 172, 329, 402, 475) "Phyllocnistis jupiter Brito & Moreira, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 313–314, figs 3I, 4I, 5, 6B, S1. Type locality: Brazil, Planaltina, Federal District, Brasilia, 15°35’S 47°42’W, 1000 m, 03.iv.1984, leg. V. Becker. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-133♂, acquisition number 56.315, coll. V. Becker; Paratypes 2 ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-134♂, 50-135♂, acquisition number 56.370, coll. V. Becker. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017b: 313). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, 2017 (Figs 173, 330, 460, 475) "Phyllocnistis kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 314, figs 3J, 4J, 5, 6F, 6K, S1. Type locality: French Guiana, Nouragues Natural Reseve, 4°2’N 52°40’W, 57 m, 05.ix.2010, leg. A. Kawakita. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, genitalia slide GRPM 50-141♀, MNHN. Distribution: French Guiana (Brito et al. 2017b: 314). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DNA: BOLD GRANO105–11 (Brito et al. 2017b). Phyllocnistis maxberryi Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, 2009 (Figs 174, 331, 403, 461, 475) "Phyllocnistis maxberryi Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, sp. n."—Kawahara, A.Y., Nishida, K. & Davis, D.R. 2009. ZooKeys 27: 17–20, figs 2B, 5A–F, 8A–L, 11A–I. Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills, 3100 m, emerged 13.iii.2003 from Gaiadendron punctatum, leg. K. Nishida. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, USNM; Paratypes 9 larvae, 8 pupae, 7♂ and 2♀, genitalia slides USNM 33279, 33280, 33286, USNM, UCR. Distribution: Costa Rica (Kawahara et al. 2009: 19). Larval hostplant(s): Loranthaceae: Gaiadendron punctatum (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don. (Kawahara et al. 2009: 19). Parasitoids: Eulophidae: Chrysocharis sp. (Kawahara et al. 2009: 19). Phyllocnistis meliacella Becker, 1974 (Figs 175, 332, 404, 462, 475) "Phyllocnistis meliacella Becker, new species"—Becker, V.O. 1974. Turrialba 24(3): 334–335, fig. 3. Type locality: Costa Rica, Turrialba, 620 m., 08.v.1973, leg. V. Becker. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 53AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Type specimens: Holotype ♂, nr. 72096, USNM; Paratypes 3 specimens (gender not stated): in USNM and 2 paratype specimens in University of Costa Rica. Part of the series was destroyed in the mail from Costa Rica to Brazil (Becker 1974: 335). Distribution: Costa Rica (Becker 1974: 335). Larval hostplant(s): Meliaceae: Cedrela angustifolia Sessé & Moc., C. odorata L., C. tonduzii C. DC., Swietenia macrophylla King, S. mahagoni Jacq. (Becker 1974: 335). DNA: Sequence 28S rDNA GenBank AY521492 (Lopez-Vaamonde et al. 2006). Phyllocnistis norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, 2017 (Figs 176, 333, 463, 475) "Phyllocnistis norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 316–317, figs 3M, 4M, 5, 6G, 6J, S1. Type locality: French Guiana, Nouragues Natural Reseve, 4°2’N 52°40’W, 57 m, 05.ix.2010, leg. C. Lopez- Vaamonde. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, genitalia slide GRPM 50-140♀, MNHN. Distribution: French Guiana (Brito et al. 2017b: 316). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DNA: BOLD LNOUC318–10 (Brito et al. 2017b). Phyllocnistis ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, 2017 (Figs 177, 334, 405, 475) "Phyllocnistis ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 317, figs 3N, 4N, 5, 6C, S1. Type locality: French Guiana, Nouragues Natural Reseve, 4°2’N 52°40’W, 57 m, 05.ix.2010, leg. C. Lopez- Vaamonde. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-142♂, MNHN. Distribution: French Guiana (Brito et al. 2017b: 317). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DNA: BOLD LNOUC304–10 (Brito et al. 2017b). Phyllocnistis ourea Brito & Moreira, 2017 (Figs 178, 335, 406, 464, 475) "Phyllocnistis ourea Brito & Moreira, sp. nov."—Brito, R., Mielke O.H.H., Gonçalves, G.I. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017a. Austral Entomology 2017: early online. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, Montenegro municipality, Luiz Laux organic farm, 29°37’59”S 51°28’12”W, 18 m, 27.v.2015, collected on Baccharis anomala, leg. G.R.P. Moreira, R. Brito, C.M. Pereira & G.T. Silva. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, no. LMCI 297–65, genitalia slide GRPM 50–115♂, acquisition number DZ 33.343, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂, 2♀: 1♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–116♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers DZ 33.353 and DZ 33.363, DZUP, 1♂, genitalia slide 50–117♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 57.616 and 57.617, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). Larval hostplant(s): Asteraceae: Baccharis anomala DC., (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). DNA: BOLD MISA013-16; GenBank KY006927 (Brito et al. 2017a). Phyllocnistis perseafolia Davis & Wagner, 2011 (Figs 179, 336, 407, 465, 475) "Phyllocnistis perseafolia Davis and Wagner, sp. n."—Davis, D.R. & Wagner, D.L. 2011. ZooKeys 97: 65–70, figs 2D, 3C, 4A–B, 14A–15D, 19A–E. Type locality: Colombia, Caldas Department, Villamaria, e.l. iv.2008, Persea americana, leg. F. Posada. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide 34075♂, USNM; Paratypes 9♂, 8♀, genitalia slides 34076–34078, USNM. Distribution: Colombia (Davis & Wagner 2011: 70). DE PRINS1 ET AL.54 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Larval hostplant(s): Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill. (Davis & Wagner 2011: 70). DNA: BOLD RDOPO393-10, RDOPO394-10; GenBank HM382096, HM382097 (Davis & Wagner 2011: 44). Phyllocnistis petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, 2017 (Figs 180, 337, 466, 475) "Phyllocnistis petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017b. Zootaxa 4341(3): 319–320, figs 3Q, 4Q, 5, 6H, S1. Type locality: French Guiana, Sinnamary, Paracou Research Station, 5°16’N 52°55’W, 30 m, 11.xi.2015, leg. C. Lopez-Vaamonde. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, IO0535, genitalia slide GRPM 50-143♀, MNHN; Paratype specimen, MNHN. Distribution: French Guiana (Brito et al. 2017b: 317). Larval hostplant(s): Hypericaceae: Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. (Brito et al. 2017b: 319). DNA: BOLD LEPPC2393–16, LEPPC2394–16; GenBank KY682705, KY682706 (Brito et al. 2017b). Phyllocnistis phoebus Brito & Moreira, 2017 (Figs 181, 338, 408, 467, 475) "Phyllocnistis phoebus Brito & Moreira, sp. nov."—Brito, R., Mielke O.H.H., Gonçalves, G.I. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017a. Austral Entomology 2017a: early online. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, São Francisco de Paula municipality, Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró Mata, 29°28’36”S 50°10’101”W, 900 m, 21–24.vi.2016, collected on Begonia fruticosa, leg. G.R.P. Moreira, R. Brito & J. Fochezato. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–118♂, acquisition number DZ 33.373, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂, 2♀: 1♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–119♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers DZ 33.383 and DZ 33.393, DZUP, 1♂, 1♀, genitalia slide GRPM 50–120♀, acquisition numbers 57.618 and 57.619, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). Larval hostplant(s): Begoniaceae: Begonia fruticosa (Klotzsch) (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). DNA: BOLD MISA014-16; GenBank KY006928 (Brito et al. 2017b). Phyllocnistis puyehuensis Davis, 1994 (Figs 182, 339, 409, 475) "Phyllocnistis puyehuensis Davis, new sp."—Davis, D.R. 1994. Tropical Lepidoptera 5(1): 72–74, figs 4, 54–57. Type locality: Chile, Osorno Province, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Aguas Calientes, 450 m, 12.xii.1981, leg. Nielsen & Karsholt. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, ZMUC; Paratype 1♂, ZMUC. Distribution: Chile (Davis 1994: 74). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis rotans Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 183, 340, 475) "Phyllocnistis rotans, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 242. Type locality: Ecuador, Alausi, 9450 ft, vi.1914. Type specimens: Lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412616, (gender not specified), NHMUK; Paralectotypes (gender not specified) BMNH(E) 1412347, BMNH(E) 1412351, BMNH(E) 1412364, BMNH(E) 1412365, NHMUK, designated by Brito et al. (2017: 323). Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 242). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis sciophanta Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 184, 341, 475) "Phyllocnistis sciophanta, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 241–242. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft, viii.1914, leg. Parish. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 55AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1412343, NHMUK. Note: abdomen of the holotype is missing (Brito et al. 2017b: 324). Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 242). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis selene Brito & Moreira, 2017 (Figs 185, 342, 410, 468, 475) "Phyllocnistis selene Brito & Moreira, sp. nov."—Brito, R., Mielke O.H.H., Gonçalves, G.I. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017a. Austral Entomology 2017: early online. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, São Francisco de Paula municipality, Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró Mata, 29°28’36”S 50°10’01”W, 900 m, 7.iii.2014, collected on Drimys angustifolia, leg. G.R.P. Moreira & R. Brito. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–121♂, acquisition number DZ 33.403, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂, 2♀: 1♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–122♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers DZ 33.413 and DZ 33.423, DZUP, 1♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50–123♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 57.620 and 57.621, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). Larval hostplant(s): Winteraceae: Drimys angustifolia Miers (Brito et al. 2017a: early online). DNA: BOLD MISA015-16; GenBank KY006929 (Brito et al. 2017a). Phyllocnistis sexangula Meyrick, 1915 (Figs 186, 343, 475) "Phyllocnistis sexangula, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 242. Type locality: Peru, Matucana, 7780 ft, vii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Lectotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1412359, NHMUK; Paralectotype ♀ BMNH(E) 1412356, NHMUK, designated by Brito et al. 2017b: 325. Note: the lectotype specimen, designated by Brito et al. (2017b: 325) is without abdomen. The genitalia characters which facilitate the identification of species should be studied in the paralectotype. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1915b: 242). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis tethys Moreira & Vargas, 2012 (Figs 187, 344, 411, 469, 475) "Phyllocnistis tethys Moreira & Vargas, sp. nov."—Brito, R., Gonçalves, G.L., Vargas, H.A. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2012. Zootaxa 3582: 4–10, figs 1–8. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, São Francisco de Paula Municipality, 29°28'36"S 50°10'01"W, 900 m, mines on Passiflora organensis 05–11.v.2011, leg. G. R. P. Moreira, R. Brito & K. Barão. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, acquisition number DZ 22.623, DZUP; Paratypes 2♂, 4♀: 2♀, acquisition numbers DZ 22.633 and DZ 22.643, DZUP, 1♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 81901 and 81902, MCNZ, 1♂, 1♀, acquisition numbers 28635 and 28636, MCTP. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2012: 4). Larval hostplant(s): Passifloraceae: Passiflora organensis Gardner (Brito et al. 2012: 4). DNA: BOLD GBMIN15476-13, GBMIN15477-13, GBMIN15496-13, GBMIN15497-13; GenBank JX272049— JX272052 (Brito et al. 2012) Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, 2009 (Figs 188, 345, 412, 470, 475) "Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola Kawahara, Nishida & Davis, sp. n."—Kawahara, A.Y., Nishida, K. & Davis, D.R. 2009. ZooKeys 27: 20–28, figs 2C, 6A–E, 9A–L, 12A–H. Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. Cartago, Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills, 3100 m, emerged 13.iii.2003 from Tropaeolum emarginatum, leg. K. Nishida. DE PRINS1 ET AL.56 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Type specimens: Holotype ♂, USNM; Paratypes 1 prepupa, 1 pupa, 6♂ and 4♀, genitalia slide USNM 33280– 33282, 33285, USNM, UCR, MNCR-A (formerly INBIO). Distribution: Costa Rica (Kawahara et al. 2009: 24). Larval hostplant(s): Tropaeolaceae: Tropaeolum emarginatum Turcz. (Kawahara et al. 2009: 28). Phyllocnistis wygodzinskyi Hering, 1958 (Figs 189, 346, 475) "Phyllocnistis wygodzinskyi, sp. nov."—Hering, E.M. 1958. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 15(): 309–311, figs 13, 14a. Type locality: [Argentina], Tucumán, Tafí del Valle, Quebrada del Mastil, 21–23.v.1953, leg. Wygodzinsky. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide mounted in glycerine, ZMHB; 3 Paratypes: 1♀, genitalia slide mounted in glycerine, 1 paratype (gender not indicated), ZMHB; one paratype (gender not indicated), IFML. Distribution: Argentina (Hering 1958: 310). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Phyllocnistis xylopiella Brito & Becker, 2017 (Figs 190, 347, 413, 471, 475) "Phyllocnistis xylopiella Brito & Becker, sp. nov."—Brito, R. Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Gonçalves, G.L., Becker, V.O., Mielke, O.H.H. & Moreira, G.R.P. 2017. Zootaxa 4341(3): 330–332, figs 3AA, 4AA, 5, 6D, 6E, 6I, S1. Type locality: Brazil, Planaltina, Federal District, Brasilia, 15°35’S 47°42’W, 1000 m, 6.vii.1978, leg. V. Becker. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-136♂, acquisition number 40.388, coll. V. Becker; Paratypes 2♂, genitalia slide GRPM 50-137♂, and GRPM 50-138♂, acquisition numbers 34.769 and 40.950, coll. V. Becker, 1♀, genitalia slide GRPM 50-139♀, acquisition number 57.703, coll. V. Becker. Distribution: Brazil (Brito et al. 2017b: 317). Larval hostplant(s): Annonaceae: Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Brito et al. 2017b: 332). Marmarini Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016, stat. nov. “Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima, new subfamily”—Kawahara et al. 2017. Systematic Entomology 42(1): 71. Type genus: Marmara Clemens, 1863. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 6–8. Released online 13 October 2016. Marmara Clemens, 1863 "Marmara new. gen."—Clemens, B. 1863. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2(1): 6–7. Type species: Marmara salictella Clemens, 1863. By monotypy. Aesyle Chambers, 1875 "Aesyle, gen. nov."—Chambers, V. T., 1875a. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science 2(2): 97. Type species: Aesyle fasciella Chambers, 1875. By monotypy. Aesyle is mentioned in the Coleophoridae by Nye & Fletcher (1991: 8). Marmara affirmata (Meyrick, 1918) (Figs 191, 348, 475) "Parectopa affirmata, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1918. Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(6): 178. Type locality: Peru, Lima, 500 ft., viii.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: 6 syntypes (♂ and ♀): BMNH(E) 1408478, BMNH(E) 1408479, BMNH(E) 1408480, BMNH(E) 1408481, BMNH(E) 1408484, and BMNH(E) 1408485, NHMUK. Distribution: Peru (Meyrick 1918: 178). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Marmara gulosa Guillén & Davis, 2001 (Figs 192, 414, 472) Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 57AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE "Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis, new species"—Guillén, M., Davis, D.R. & Heraty, J.M. 2001. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103(3): 638–651, figs 3, 5–7, 11–46 Type locality: U.S.A., California, Riverside Co.[unty], Oasis Ranch, 14 km S of Coachella. Type specimens: Holotype ♂ USNM; Paratypes 13♂ and 16♀, plus larvae and pupae, USNM, UCR. Distribution: Cuba (Chong & La Rosa 1986: 121), Mexico (Guillén et al. 2007: 264). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Arizona (De Prins & De Prins 2018), California (De Prins & De Prins 2018), Florida, Texas (Guillén et al. 2007: 636). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Note: host plant records in the Nearctic Region: Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander L.; Cucurbitaceae: Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.; Fabaceae: Prosopis sp.; Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill.;, Malvaceae: Gossypium hirsutum L.; Rutaceae: Citrus paradisi Macfad; Salicaceae: Salix lasiolepis Benth.; Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera L. (Guillén et al. 2001: 637, 646). DNA: GenBank AF280424 - AF280430, AF284564 - AF284570 (Guillén et al. 2001). Marmara ischnotoma (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 193, 475) "Parectopa ischnotoma, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 233. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Mallali, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1407851, NHMUK. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 233). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Marmara isortha (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 194, 349, 475) "Parectopa isortha, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 233. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica, ii.1913, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, BMNH(E) 1409319, NHMUK. Distribution: Brazil (Meyrick 1936: 34), Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 233). Larval hostplant(s): Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao L. (Meyrick 1936: 34). Marmara opuntiella Busck, 1907 (Figs 195, 415, 473) "Marmara opuntiella, n. sp."—Busck, A. 1907. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 8 (1906)(3–4): 97. Type locality: [U.S.A.], southern Texas. Type specimens: Holotype, nr. 9903 (gender not stated), USNM. Distribution: Mexico (Mann 1969: 135). Note: Nearctic Region: United States: Florida (BOLD), Texas (Busck 1907: 97). Records of "similar larvae with identical habits" from Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Peru, and Venezuela may also refer to this species (Mann 1969: 135). Larval hostplant(s): Cactaceae: Nopalea sp. (Mann 1969: 135), Opuntia sp. (Busck 1907: 97). DNA: BOLD Project MNAM, USNMENT 00657143, USNMENT 00657144. Marmara phaneropis (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 196, 475) "Parectopa phaneropis, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 233–234. Type locality: Ecuador, Duran. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, BMNH(E) 1407831, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 234). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. DE PRINS1 ET AL.58 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press Marmara stemonodes (Meyrick, 1915) (Figs 197, 350, 475) "Parectopa stemonodes, n. sp."—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 234. Type locality: Ecuador, Huigra, 4500 ft., vi.1914, leg. Parish. Type specimens: Syntypes 2♂: BMNH(E) 1408852, BMNH(E) 1408853, abdomens missing of both male syntypes, NHMUK. Note: a third specimen ♀, BMNH(E) 1408848, is probably the female of this species, NHMUK. Distribution: Ecuador (Meyrick 1915b: 234). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Oecophyllembiini Réal & Balachowsky, 1966, stat. nov. "Oecophyllembiinae"—Réal, P. & Balachowsky, A.S. 1966. Famille des Gracillariidae (= Lithocolletidae). In: Balachowsky, A.S. (Ed.), Entomologie appliquée à l'agriculture. Tome 2. Lépidoptères. Masson et Cie éditeurs, Paris, 333. Type genus: Oecophyllembius Silvestri, 1908. Included in Fletcher (1929) within the Lithocolletidae and in Nye & Fletcher (1991) within the Gracillariidae. Treated as a separate subfamily by Kumata (1998), Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2001) and Kawahara et al. (2017). Angelabella Vargas & Parra, 2005 "Angelabella Vargas & Parra gen. nov."—Vargas, H.A. & Parra, L.E. 2005. Neotropical Entomology 34(2): 228. Type species: Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005. By original designation. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Figs 198, 351, 475) "Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra sp. nov."—Vargas H.A. & Parra, L.E. 2005. Neotropical Entomology 34(2): 228–230, figs 1–7. Type locality: Chile, Arica, I-Region, Azapa, 18°34'S 70°00'W, 21.i.2002, leg. H.A. Vargas. Type specimens: Holotype ♂, MZUC; Paratypes 8♂ and 10♀, MZUC, MNNC, IDEA. Distribution: Chile (Vargas & Parra 2005: 228), Peru (Vargas 2010: 340). Larval hostplant(s): Bignoniaceae: Tecoma fulva G. Don (Vargas & Parra 2005: 227), T. stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth. (Vargas 2010: 240). DNA: BOLD GBGL18139-15—GBGL18153-15; GenBank KM983591—KM983605, FJ412783 (Maita-Maita et al. 2015; Brito et al. 2017a). Prophyllocnistis Davis, 1994 "Prophyllocnistis Davis, new genus"—Davis, D.R. 1994. Tropical Lepidoptera 5(1): 67. Type species: Prophyllocnistis epidrimys Davis, 1994. By original designation. Prophyllocnistis epidrimys Davis, 1994 (Figs 199, 416, 474, 475) "Prophyllocnistis epidrymys Davis, new sp."—Davis, D.R. 1994. Tropical Lepidoptera 5(1): 67–72, figs 2–3, 5– 53. Type locality: Chile, Osorno Prov., Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca, 1100–1300 m, 13.xi.1981, leg. E. Nielsen & O. Karsholt. Type specimens: Holotype ♀, ZMUC; Paratypes 2♂ and 4♀, genitalia slides ESNM22257, USNM31121, USNM, 1♂ and 1♀, 5 larvae, 2 pupae, USNM. Synonym(s): Prophyllocnistis epidrymis Vargas & Parra, 2005 Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 59AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE "Prophyllocnistis epidrymis Davis"—Vargas, H.A. & Parra, L.E. 2005: 227. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Prophyllocnistis epidrimys Davis, 1994. Distribution: Chile (Davis 1994: 69). Larval hostplant(s): Winteraceae: Drimys andina (Reiche) R A Rodr. & Quezada, D. winteri var. chiliensis (DC.) A. Gray (Davis 1994: 69). Parasitoids: Braconidae: Clinocentrus sp. (Davis 1994: 69). Species transfered to other families Stagmatophora albimacula (Walsingham, 1897) "Lithocolletis? albimacula, sp. n."—Walsingham, Lord (Thomas de Grey). 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897(10): 145–146. Type locality: "West Indies", [Virgin Islands], S[ain]t Thomas, 10.iv.1894. Type specimens: Type ♂, coll. Hedemann, GAMNH. Note: The collection of Microlepidoptera of Wilhelm von Hedemann was obtained by Aristide Caradja via Hans Larsen (Horn & Kahle 1935: 107). Distribution: Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas (Walsingham 1897: 146). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown. Transferred to Cosmopterigidae (see Popescu-Gorj 1992: 134). Acknowledgements This publication is dedicated to the bright memory of Gerfried Deschka, who supported very enthusiastically the preparation of our catalogue of Neotropical Gracillariidae at the Serra Bonita meeting (15–19 January 2018), sent all relative information on the species he described and provided valuable comments on the systematics of Gracillariidae (Fig. 476). To the great sadness of all co-authors of this catalogue, our mentor Gerfried Deschka, passed away on 01 August 2018 and did not see it published. We wish the place he is now has many, beautiful Gracillariidae for his perusal, and only good things and nice people around to interact with. Vazrick Nazari (Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada) is thanked for the photograph of the holotype of Cryptolectica lazaroi, Luis E. Parra and Marcelo Vargas (Universidade de Concepción, Chile) for photographs of some Chilean types. We are grateful to Arturo Roig Alsina (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina) for the photographs of the holotype specimens and their labels of Acrocercops breyeri and Caloptilia pastranai and valuable information on the types under his care. Jason J. Dombroskie (Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, USA) is kindly acknowledged for the images of the holotypes Acrocercops cymella and A. zebrulella under his care. We cordially thank the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London for photographs of the types preserved in this museum and presented in this study. We gratefully acknowledge the hospitality of Gavin Broad and Lauren Hughes, Natural History Museum, London, UK for providing the facilities to the corresponding author to study some type specimens presented in this catalogue. Klaus Sattler (Natural History Museum, London, UK) is acknowledged for providing information on references and types described by Lord Walsingham. Sabine Gaal-Haszler, Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria was kind to provide valuable information on the collections from Mexico obtained by this museum. We are in debt to Mihai Stanescu, the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania for photographing the holotypes of Parectopa pulverella and Phyllonorycter tenuicaudella and providing valuable information on the specimens from the collection of Wilhelm von Hedemann. Ole Karsholt (Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark) was kind to search the specimens from the collection of Frederik Gudmann and provided very useful tips. Wolfram Mey (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany) kindly provided access to the primary types described by Erich Martin Hering. We thank very much María Celina Micaela LLanderal Cazares, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico for providing much needed information on the types of Parornix impressipinella. Don Davis would like to thank Karolyn Darrow (United States National Museum, Washington DC, USA) for color photographs of type specimens, Vichai Malikul (United States National Museum, Washington DE PRINS1 ET AL.60 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press DC, USA) for colour drawings of type specimens, and Young Sohn (United States National Museum, Washington DC, USA) for genitalia drawings of type specimens in the United States National Museum, Washington DC, USA. Rosȃngela Brito would like to thank Gervásio Silva Carvalho (Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil) for the photographs of the paratype of Phyllocnistis phoebus and Olaf H. H. Mielke (Coleção Padre Jesus S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil) for the photographs of the holotypes of Spinivalva gaucha and Phyllocnistis tethys. Vitor O. Becker (Serra Bonita Reserve, Camacan, Brazil) is sincerely acknowledged for organizing the International Symposium on Gracillariidae in January 2018, for providing specimens which were used in this study, and for his manifold support of taxonomic studies on Neotropical Microlepidoptera. The outcome of this symposium is the present catalogue. Gislene L. Gonçalves (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil) and Rodolphe Rougerie (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France) are thanked for checking the DNA barcode data of different projects in BOLD and in GenBank databases presented in this study. Francisco Serna (Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá, Colombia) is cordially thanked for his support of Neotropical Gracillariidae studies; three co-authors of this catalogue were privileged to work in the Amazonian region under his leadership. The corresponding author bows her head low before Willy De Prins (Leefdaal, Belgium) for many of his practical arrangements, highly efficient support and sharing the same values. John Grehan is kindly thanked for his time in reviewing this catalogue and suggesting editorial improvements in the Introduction. An anonymous individual is also acknowledged for his considerations which allowed us to attend once again the issues related to the creation of taxonomic datasets. 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Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 73AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 02–13. Ornixolinae. Types. 02, Cactivalva nebularia, holotype, DZUP 33211, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©DZUP. 03, Chileoptilia yaroella, holotype, Chile; scale bar 3 mm, ©MHNG. 04, Cuphodes paragrapta, syntype, BMNH(E) 1406555, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 05, Leurocephala chilensis, holotype, Chile; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNNC. 06, L. schinusae, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 02 mm, ©USNM. 07, Neurobathra curcassi, holotype, nr. 44151, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 08, Neurostrota brunnea, holotype, Ecuador, Galápagos; scale bar 3 mm, ©MHNG. 09, N. cupreella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407590, Jamaica; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 10, N. gunniella, lectotype, United States, Texas; scale bar 3 mm, ©USNM. 11, N. magnifica, holotype, Ecuador, Galápagos; scale bar 2 mm, ©MHNG. 12, N. pithecolobiella, holotype, nr. 44150, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 13, Parectopa dactylota, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408154, Peru; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.74 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 14–25. Ornixolinae. Types. 14, Parectopa exorycha, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408780, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 15, P. heptametra, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408749, Colombia; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History M useum. 16, P. lithocolletina, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407709, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 17, P. lithomacha, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408776, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 18, P. nesitis, voucher specimen, BMNH(E) 1407680, Jamaica; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 19, P. pselaphotis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407842, Ecuador; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 20, P. pulverella, holotype, nr. 176205, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas; ©GAMNH. 21, P. quadristrigella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407684, Colombia; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 22, P. refulgens, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407833, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 23, P. rotigera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407827, Chile; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 24, P. trichophysa, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408753, Peru; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 25, P. undosa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407783, Haiti; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 75AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 26–37. Types. FIGURES 26–32. Ornixolinae. 26, Parectopa viminea, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407824, Peru; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 27, Penica peritheta, holotype, NHMUK010920068, Mexico; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 28, Spanioptila codicaria, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409337, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 29, S. eucnemis, holotype, NHMUK010862783, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 30, S. nemeseta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409362, Brazil; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 31, S. spinosum, syntype, BMNH(E) 1409340, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas; scale bar 4 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 32, Spinivalva gaucha, holotype, DZ 24.976, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©DZUP. FIGURES 33–37. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. Types. 33, Caloptilia aeneocapitella, holotype, NHMUK010305370, West Indies, St. Vincent; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 34, C. aeolastis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1411108, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 35, C. burserella, holotype, No. 4961, United States, Florida; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 36, C. callichora, syntype, BMNH(E) 1410757, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 37, C. camaronae, syntype, BMNH(E) 1409586, Colombia; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.76 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 38–49. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. Types. 38, Caloptilia chloroptila, holotype, BMNH(E) 1411104, Guyana; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 39, C. cruzorum, holotype, MHNG ENTO 00009154, Ecuador, Galápagos; scale bar 3 mm, ©MHNG. 40, C. dondavisi, holotype, Ecuador, Galápagos; scale bar 1 mm, ©MHNG. 41, C. eolampis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1410643, Guyana; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 42, C. galacotra, holotype, Ecuador, Galápagos; scale bar 2 mm, ©MHNG. 43, C. guacanivora, holotype, Chile; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNNC. 44, C. immuricata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1411012, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 45, C. oriarcha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410752, Peru; scale bar 5 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 46, C. pastranai, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 3 mm, ©MACN. 47, C. perseae, holotype, type No. 23515, United States, Florida; ©USNM. 48, C. pneumatica, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410753, Brazil; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 49, C. schinusifolia, paratype, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 77AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 50–61. Types. FIGURES 50–52. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 50, Caloptilia semiclausa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410751, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 51, C. similatella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409706, Colombia; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 52, C. viridula, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409693, Colombia, Bogotá; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURE 53. Gracillariinae: Parornichini. Parornix micrura, holotype, NHMUK010920067, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 54–61. Lithocolletinae. Types and voucher specimens. 54, Cremastobombycia lantanella, voucher specimen, United States, Hawaii; ©Jurate De Prins. 55, Macrosaccus gliricidius, paratype, Honduras; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 56, M. robiniella, adult, United States, Kentucky; scale bar 1 mm, ©Don Davis. 57, Phyllonorycter acanthus, holotype, Mexico; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 58, P. antitoxa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477248, Peru; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 59, P. argentifrontella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1413737, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 60, P. chalcobaphes, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477771, Mexico; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 61, P. clerotoma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477252, Ecuador; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.78 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 62–73. Types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 62–72. Lithocolletinae. 62, Phyllonorycter durangensis, voucher specimen, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©Gerfried Deschka. 63, P. epispila, syntype, BMNH(E) 1477256, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 64, P. iriphanes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1477223, Peru; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 65, P. oxygrapta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477215, Peru, scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 66, P. pictus, holotype, NHMUK010920066, Mexico; ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 67, P. solani, paratype, Argentina; scale bar 1 mm, ©IFLM. 68, P. splendidus, paratype, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©Gerfried Deschka. 69, P. stigmaphyllae, holotype, nr. 44142, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 70, P. tenuicaudella, holotype, nr. 176215, Virgin Islands, Saint Croix; ©GAMNH. 71, Porphyrosela desmodiella, syntype, BMNH(E) 1479541, United States; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 72, P. minuta, holotype ♂, nr. 61476, Argentina; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 73. Acrocercopinae. Types. Acrocercops achnodes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404471, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 79AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 74–85. Acrocercopinae. Types. 74, Acrocercops albomarginatum, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407636, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 75, A. anthogramma, holotype, NHMUK010922940, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 76, A. apicepunctella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404567, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 77, A. argocosma, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404558, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 78, A. asaphogramma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404541, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 79, A. attenuatum, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407157, Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 80, A. breyeri, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 2 mm, © MACN. 81, A. caementosa, syntype, NHMUK010922941, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 82, A. camptochrysa, holotype, NHMUK010922942, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 83, A. chalinopa, holotype, NHMUK010922950, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 84, A. charitopis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404733, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 85, A. chloronympha, syntype, NHMUK010922949, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.80 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 86–97. Acrocercopinae. Types. 86, Acrocercops chrysometra, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404506, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 87, A. cirrhantha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404742, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 88, A. cissiella, holotype, nr. 44148, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 89, A. clitoriella, holotype, nr. 44136, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 90, A. clytosema, holotype, NHMUK010922943, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 91, A. contorta, holotype, NHMUK010922944, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 92, A. cordiella, holotype, nr. 44144, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 93, A. crotalistis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404797, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 94, A. cyclogramma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404743, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 95, A. cymella, holotype nr. 1062, Puerto Rico; scale bar 3 mm, ©CU. 96, A. demotes, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404985, Mexico; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 97, A. desmochares, holotype NHMUK010922945, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 81AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 98–109. Acrocercopinae. Types. 98, A. encentris, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405064, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 99, A. fasciculata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405180, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 100, A. gemmans, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405336, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 101, A. hapsidota, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405357, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 102, A. hastigera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405375, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 103, A. helicomitra, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405363, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 104, A. hippuris, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405383, Peru; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 105, A. inconspicua, holotype, Puerto Rico; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 106, A. insulella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405200, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; scale bar 2 mm, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 107, A. ipomoeae, holotype, nr. 44149, Cuba; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 108, A. leucographa, holotype, nr. 61414, Argentina; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 109, A. leuconota, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404880, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.82 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 110–121. Acrocercopinae. Types. 110, Acrocercops luctuosa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405338, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 111, A. maranthaceae, holotype, nr. 44147, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 112, A. marmaritis, holotype BMNH(E) 1405474, Mexico; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 113, A. melanocosma, syntype BMNH(E) 1405482, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 114, A. melantherella, holotype, nr. 44145, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 115, A. microphis, holotype, NHMUK010922960, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 116, A. nolckeniella, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405475, Colombia; scale bar 3 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 117, A. obversa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405772, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 118, A. ornata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405816, Grenada; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 119, A. perturbata, syntype BMNH(E) 1405650, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 120, A. piligera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405651, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 121, A. pontifica, holotype, nr. 1061, Puerto Rico; ©CU. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 83AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 122–133. Acrocercopinae. Types. 122, Acrocercops pylonias, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405655, Peru; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 123, A. ramigera, holotype, NHMUK010862785, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 124, A. rhynchograpta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405632, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 125, A. serrigera, lectotype, Peru; ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 126, A. serrigera galapagosensis, holotype, Ecuador: Galápagos Islands; scale bar 2 mm, ©MHNG. 127, A. soritis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405981, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 128, A. stalagmitis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405524, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 129, A. taeniarcha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406043, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 130, A. undifraga, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405983, Haiti; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 131, A. urbanella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405848, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 132, A. xeniella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405861, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 133, A. xystrota, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405949, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.84 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 134–145. Acrocercopinae. Types. 134, Acrocercops zebrulella, holotype, nr. 1063, Puerto Rico; scale bar 2 mm, ©CU. 135, Chilocampyla psidiella, holotype, nr. 44143, Cuba; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 136, Cryptolectica lazaroi, holotype, Ecuador: Galápagos Islands; scale bar 2 mm, ©CNC. 137, Dialectica galapagosensis, holotype, Ecuador: Galápagos Islands; scale bar 3 mm, ©MHNG. 138, D. permixtella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406289, Dominican Republic; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 139, D. rendalli, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406314, Jamaica; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 140, D. sanctaecrucis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406508, Virgin Islands: Saint Croix; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 141, D. sanctaecrucis darwini, holotype, Ecuador: Galápagos; scale bar 2 mm, ©MHNG. 142, Eucosmophora aspila, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409425, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 143, E. atlantis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409404, Costa Rica; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 144, E. chrysocosma, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1407256, Guyana; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 145, E. dives, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409430, Grenada; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 85AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 146–157. Acrocercopinae. Types. 146, Eucosmophora echinulata, holotype, Paraguay; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 147, E. eclampsis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1408290, Panama; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 148, E. eurychalca, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1409421, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 149, E. ingae, holotype, Costa Rica; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNCR-A (formerly INBIO). 150, E. melanactis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409409, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 151, E. paraguayensis, holotype, Paraguay; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 152, E. pithecellobiae, holotype, United States, Florida; scale bar 1 mm, © coll. Wagner. 153, E. pouteriae, holotype, Costa Rica; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNCR-A (formerly INBIO). 154, E. prolata, holotype, Venezuela; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 155, E. schinusivora, holotype, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 156, E. sideroxylonella, holotype, No. 4960, United States, Florida; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 157, E. trimetalla, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1409401, Guyana; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.86 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 158–162. Types. FIGURES 158–162. Acrocercopinae. 158, Sauterina hexameris, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410734, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 159, S. phiaropis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410732, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 160, Telamoptilia hibiscivora, holotype, nr. 013254 15, United States, Maryland; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 161, T. pavoniae, holotype, nr. 013254 16, Cuba; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 162, Vihualpenia lithraeophaga, holotype, Chile; scale bar 3 mm, © MZUC. FIGURES 163–169. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. Types. 163, Phyllocnistis abatiae, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 1 mm, ©ZMHB. 164, P. aurilinea, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412371, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 165, P. baccharidis, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 1 mm, ©ZMHB. 166, P. bourquini, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 1 mm, © MACN. 167, P. citrella, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1055796 [changed to NHMUK010862840], India; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 168, P. dorcas, holotype, BMNH(E) 1412349, Guyana; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 169, P. drimiphaga, holotype, Costa Rica; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 87AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 170–181. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. Types. 170, Phyllocnistis helios, holotype, acquisition number 56.448, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©V. Becker. 171, P. hemera, holotype, acquisition number 306-47, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©LMCI. 172, P. jupiter, paratype, acquisition number 56.370, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©V. Becker. 173, P. kawakitai, holotype, French Guiana; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNHN. 174, P. maxberryi, holotype, Costa Rica; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 175, P. meliacella, holotype, nr. 72096, Costa Rica; scale bar 1mm, ©USNM. 176, P. norak, holotype, French Guiana; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNHN. 177, P. ohshimai, holotype, French Guiana; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNHN. 178, P. ourea, paratype, acquisition number DZ 33.363, Brazil; scale bar 2 mm, ©DZUP. 179, P. perseafolia, holotype, Colombia; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 180, P. petronellii, holotype, French Guiana; scale bar 1 mm, ©MNHN. 181, P. phoebus, paratype, acquisition number 57.618, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©MCTP. DE PRINS1 ET AL.88 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 182–193. Types. FIGURES 182–190. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 182, Phyllocnistis puyehuensis, holotype, Chile; scale bar 2 mm, ©ZMUC. 183, P. rotans, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412616, Ecuador; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 184, P. sciophanta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1412343, Peru; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 185, P. selene, holotype, acquisition number DZ 33.403, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©DZUP. 186, P. sexangula, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412359, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 187, P. tethys, holotype, acquisition number DZ 22.623, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©DZUP. 188, P. tropaeolicola, holotype, Costa Rica; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. 189, P. wygodzinskyi, holotype, Argentina; scale bar 2 mm, ©ZMHB. 190, P. xylopiella, holotype, acquisition number 40.388, Brazil; scale bar 1 mm, ©V. Becker. FIGURES 191–193. Phyllocnistinae: Marmarini. 191, Marmara affirmata, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408478, Peru; scale bar 2 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 192, M. gulosa, holotype, United States, California; scale bar 1 mm, ©USNM. 193, M. ischnotoma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407851, Guyana; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 89AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 194–199. Types. FIGURES 194–197. Phyllocnistinae: Marmarini. 194, Marmara isortha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409319, Guyana; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 195, M. opuntiella, holotype, nr. 9903, United States, Texas; wing length 2.7 mm, ©USNM. 196, M. phaneropis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407831, Ecuador; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 197, M. stemonodes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1407753, Ecuador; scale bar 1 mm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 198, 199. Phyllocnistinae: Oecophyllembiini. 198, Angelabella tecomae, holotype, Chile; scale bar, ©MZUC. 199, Prophyllocnistis epidrimys, paratype, Chile; scale bar 2 mm, ©USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.90 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 200–227. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 91AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 200–227. Labels of types. FIGURES 200–224. Ornixolinae. 200, Cactivalva nebularia, holotype, ©DZUP. 201, Chileoptilia yaroella, holotype, ©MHNG. 202, Cuphodes paragrapta, syntype, BMNH(E) 1406555, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 203, Leurocephala chilensis, holotype, ©MNNC. 204, Neurostrota brunnea, holotype, ©MHNG. 205, Neurostrota cupreella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407590, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 206, N. magnifica, holotype, ©MHNG. 207, Parectopa dactylota, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408154, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 208, P. exorycha, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408780, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 209, P. heptametra, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408749, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 210, P. lithocolletina, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407709, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 211, P. lithomacha, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408776, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 212, P. pulverella, holotype, nr. 176205, ©GAMNH. 213, P. quadristrigella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407684, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 214, P. refulgens, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407833, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 215, P. rotigera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407827, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 216, P. trichophysa, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408753, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 217, P. undosa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407783, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 218, P. viminea, BMNH(E) 1407824, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 219, Penica peritheta, holotype, NHMUK010920068, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 220, Spanioptila codicaria, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409337, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 221, S. eucnemis, holotype, NHMUK010862783, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 222, S. nemeseta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409362, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 223, S. spinosum, syntype, BMNH(E) 1409340, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 224, Spinivalva gaucha, DZ 24.976, ©DZUP. FIGURES 225–227. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 225, Caloptilia aeneocapitella, holotype, NHMUK010305370, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 226, C. aeolastis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1411108, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 227, C. burserella, holotype, ©USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.92 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 228–255. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 93AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 228–255. Labels of types. FIGURES 228–243. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 228, Caloptilia callichora, syntype, BMNH(E) 1410757, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 229, C. camaronae, syntype, BMNH(E) 1409586, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 230, C. chloroptila, BMNH(E) 1411104, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 231. C. cruzorum, holotype MHNG ENTO 00009154, ©MHNG. 232, C. dondavisi, holotype, MHNG ENTO 00009152, ©MHNG. 233, C. eolampis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1410643, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 234, C. galacotra, holotype, MHNG ENTO 00009153, ©MHNG. 235, C. guacanivora, holotype, ©MNNC. 236, C. immuricata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1411012, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 237, C. oriarcha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410752, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 238, C. pastranai, holotype, ©MACN. 239, C. perseae, type No. 23515, ©USNM. 240, C. pneumatica, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410753, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 241, C. semiclausa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410751, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 242, C. similatella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409706, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 243, C. viridula, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409693, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURE 244. Gracillariinae: Parornichini. Parornix micrura, holotype, NHMUK010920067, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 245–254. Lithocolletinae. 245, Phyllonorycter antitoxa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477248, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 246, P. argentifrontella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1413737, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 247, P. chalcobaphes, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477771, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 248, P. clerotoma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477252, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 249, P. epispila, syntype, BMNH(E) 1477256, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 250, P. iriphanes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1477223, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 251, P. oxygrapta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1477215, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 252, P. pictus, holotype, NHMUK010920066, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 253, P. tenuicaudella, holotype, nr. 176215, ©GAMNH. 254, Porphyrosela desmodiella, syntype, BMNH(E) 1479541, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURE 255. Acrocercopinae. Acrocercops achnodes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404471, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.94 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 256–283. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 95AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 256–283. Labels of types. Acrocercopinae. 256, Acrocercops albomarginatum, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407636, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 257, A. anthogramma, holotype, NHMUK010922940, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 258, A. apicepunctella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404567, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 259, A. argocosma, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404558, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 260, A. asaphogramma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404541, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 261, A. attenuatum, holotype, BMNH(E) 1407157, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 262, A. breyeri, holotype, ©MACN. 263, A. caementosa, syntype, NHMUK010922941, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 264, A. camptochrysa, holotype, NHMUK010922942, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 265, A. chalinopa, holotype, NHMUK010922950, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 266, A. charitopis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404733, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 267, A. chloronympha, syntype, NHMUK010922949, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 268, A. chrysometra, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404506, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 269, A. cirrhantha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404742, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 270, A. clytosema, holotype, NHMUK010922943, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 271, A. contorta, holotype, NHMUK010922944, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 272, A. crotalistis, syntype, BMNH(E) 1404796, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 273, A. cyclogramma, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404743, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 274, A. cymella, holotype nr. 1062, ©CU. 275, A. demotes, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404985, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 276, A. desmochares, holotype, NHMUK010922945, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 277, A. encentris, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405064, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 278, A. fasciculata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405180, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 279, A. gemmans, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405336, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 280, A. hapsidota, syntype BMNH(E) 1405357, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 281, A. hastigera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405375, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 282, A. helicomitra, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405363, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 283, A. hippuris, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405383, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.96 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 284–311. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 97AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 284–311. Labels of types. Acrocercopinae. 284, Acrocercops insulella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405200, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 285, A. leuconota, holotype, BMNH(E) 1404880, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 286, A. luctuosa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405338, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 287, A. marmaritis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405474, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 288, A. melanocosma, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405482, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 289, A. microphis, holotype, NHMUK010922960, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 290, A. nolckeniella, BMNH(E) 1405475, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 291, A. obversa, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405772, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 292, A. ornata, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405816, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 293, A. perturbata, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405650, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 294, A. piligera, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405651, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 295, A. pylonias, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405655, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 296, A. ramigera, holotype, NHMUK010862785, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 297, A. rhynchograpta, BMNH(E) 1405632, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 298, A. serrigera, lectotype, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 299, A. serrigera galapagosensis, MHNG ENTO 00009151, ©MHNG. 300, A. soritis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405981, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 301, A. stalagmitis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405524, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 302, A. taeniarcha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406043, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 303, A. undifraga, syntype, BMNH(E) 1405983, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 304, A. urbanella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405848, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 305, A. xeniella, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405861, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 306, A. xystrota, holotype, BMNH(E) 1405949, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 307, A. zebrulella, holotype, nr. 1063, ©CU. 308, Cryptolectica lazaroi, holotype, nr. 00028595, ©CNC. 309, Dialectica galapagosensis, holotype, MHNG ENTO 00009155, ©MHNG. 310, D. rendalli, holotype, BMNH(E) 1406314, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 311, Eucosmophora aspila, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409425, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.98 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 312–339. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 99AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 312–339. Labels of types. FIGURES 312–319. Acrocercopinae. 312, Eucosmophora atlantis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409404, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 313, E. dives, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409430, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 314, E. eclampsis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1408290, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 315, E. eurychalca, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1409421, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 316, E. melanactis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409409, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 317, E. trimetalla, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1409401, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 318, Sauterina hexameris, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410734, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 319, S. phiaropis, holotype, BMNH(E) 1410732, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 320–339. Labels of types. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 320, Phyllocnistis abatiae, holotype, ©ZMHB. 321, P. aurilinea, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412371, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 322, P. baccharidis, holotype, ©ZMHB. 323, P. bourquini, holotype, © MACN. 324, P. citrella, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1055796 [changed to NHMUK010862840], ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 325, P. dorcas, holotype, BMNH(E) 1412349, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 326, P. drimiphaga, holotype, ©USNM. 327, P. helios, holotype, acquisition number 56.448, ©V. Becker. 328, P. hemera, holotype, acquisition number 306-47, ©LMCI. 329, P. jupiter, paratype, acquisition number 56.370, ©V. Becker. 330, P. kawakitai, holotype, AK 0105, ©MNHN. 331, P. maxberryi, holotype, ©USNM. 332, P. meliacella, holotype, nr. 72096, ©USNM. 333, P. norak, holotype, CLV1381, ©MNHN. 334, P. ohshimai, holotype, CLV1367, ©MNHN. 335, P. ourea, paratype, acquisition number DZ 33.363, ©MCTP. 336, P. perseafolia, holotype, ©USNM. 337, P. petronellii, holotype, IO0535, ©MNHN. 338, P. phoebus, paratype, acquisition numbers 57.618, ©MCTP. 339, P. puyehuensis, holotype, ©ZMUC. FIGURES 340–351. Labels of types. FIGURES 340–347. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 340, Phyllocnistis rotans, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412616, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 341, P. sciophanta, holotype, BMNH(E) 1412343, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 342, P. selene, holotype, acquisition number DZ 33.403, ©DZUP. 343, P. sexangula, lectotype, BMNH(E) 1412359, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 344, P. tethys, holotype, acquisition number DZ 22.623, ©DZUP. 345, P. tropaeolicola, holotype, ©USNM. 346, P. wygodzinskyi, holotype, ©ZMHB. 347, P. xylopiella, holotype, acquisition number 40.388, ©V. Becker. FIGURES 348–350. Labels of types. Phyllocnistinae: Marmarini. 348, Marmara affirmata, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408478, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 349, M. isortha, holotype, BMNH(E) 1409319, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 350, M. stemonodes, syntype, BMNH(E) 1408853, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURE 351. Phyllocnistinae: Oecophyllembiini. Angelabella tecomae, paratype, ©MZUC. DE PRINS1 ET AL.100 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 352–362. Male genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 352–360. Ornixolinae. 352, Cactivalva nebularia, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©LMCI. 353, Chileoptilia yaroella, paratype, ©MHNG. 354, Leurocephala schinusae, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 355, Neurobathra curcassi, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 356, Neurostrota brunnea, holotype, ©MHNG. 357, N. magnifica, paratype, ©MHNG. 358, N. gunniella, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 359, Spanioptila spinosum, syntype, genitalia slide 6090♂, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 360, Spinivalva gaucha, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©LMCI. FIGURES 361, 362. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 361, Caloptilia burserella, holotype, gentalia slide 20488♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 362, C. callichora, syntype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313396♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 101AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 363–374. Male genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 363–373. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 363, Caloptilia camaronae, syntype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313399♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 364, C. chloroptila, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313401♂; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 365, C. cruzorum, paratype, genitalia slide MHNG 3011♂, scale bar 200 µm, ©MHNG. 366, C. dondavisi, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©MHNG. 367, C. eolampis, syntype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313403♂; scale bar 500 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 368, C. galacotra, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©MHNG. 369, C. immuricata, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313405♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 370, C. oriarcha, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313406♂; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 371, C. perseae, voucher specimen, gentalia slide HAAM010; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 372, C. schinusifolia, paratype; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 373, C. viridula, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313408♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURE 374. Lithocolletinae. 374, Cremastobombycia lantanella, voucher specimen; scale bar 150 µm, ©USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.102 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 375–387. Male genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 375–378. Lithocolletinae. 375, Macrosaccus gliricidius, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 376, M. robiniella, voucher specimen; scale bar 250 µm, ©USNM. 377, Phyllonorycter acanthus, holotype, genitalia slide nr. USNM 30779♂; scale bar 500 µm, ©USNM. 378, P. argentifrontella, holotype, genitalia slide 3963♂, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 379–387. Acrocercopinae. 379, Acrocercops albomarginatum, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 31203♂, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 380, Acrocercops ipomoeae, voucher specimen, USNM 42187♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 381, A. serrigera, lectotype, genitalia slide BMNH 31204♂, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 382, A. serrigera galapagosensis, paratype, ©MHNG. 383, Cryptolectica lazaroi, paratype, ©MHNG. 384, Dialectica galapagosensis, paratype, ©MHNG. 385, Eucosmophora atlantis, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 30830♂; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 386, E. chrysocosma, paralectotype; scale bar 500 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 387, E. eurychalca, lectotype, genitalia slide BMNH 30832♂, scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 103AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 388–400. Male genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 388–398. Acrocercopinae. 388, Eucosmophora ingae, holotype, genitalia slide DRD 4039♂; scale bar 300 µm, ©MNCR-A (formerly INBIO). 389, E. melanactis, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 30828♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 390, E. paraguayensis, holotype, genitalia slide USNM 31824♂; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 391, E. pithecellobiae, holotype, genitalia slide DRD 4020; scale bar 300 µm, ©D.Wagner. 392, E. pouteriae, holotype, genitalia slide DRD 4041♂; scale bar 500 µm, ©MNCR (formerly INBIO). 393, E. schinusivora, holotype; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 394, E. sideroxylonella, voucher specimen; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 395, Sauterina hexameris, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313404♂; scale bar 400 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 396, S. phiaropis, holotype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313407♂; scale bar 500 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 397, Telamoptilia hibiscivora, holotype, genitalia slide USNM 005273♂, ©USNM. 398, T. pavoniae, paratype, genitalia slides USNM 34674♂; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. FIGURES 399, 400. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 399, Phyllocnistis drimiphaga, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 400, P. helios, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-130♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©V. Becker. DE PRINS1 ET AL.104 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 401–416. Male genitalia of types. FIGURES 401–413. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 401, Phyllocnistis hemera, paratype; scale bar 150 µm, ©LMCI. 402, P. jupiter, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-133♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©V. Becker. 403, P. maxberryi, paratype; scale bar 100 µm, ©USNM. 404, P. meliacella, holotype, ©USNM. 405, P. ohshimai, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-142♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©MNHN. 406, P. ourea, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50–115♂; scale bar 50 µm, ©DZUP. 407, P. perseafolia, holotype, genitalia slide 34075♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©USNM. 408, P. phoebus, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50–118♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©DZUP. 409, P. puyehuensis, holotype; scale bar 150 µm, ©ZMUC. 410, P. selene, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50–121♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©DZUP. 411, P. tethys, voucher specimen; scale bar 100 µm, ©LMCI. 412, P. tropaeolicola, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 413, P. xylopiella, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-136♂; scale bar 100 µm, ©V. Becker. FIGURES 414, 415. Phyllocnistinae: Marmarini. 414, Marmara gulosa, paratype; scale bar 100 µm, ©USNM. 415, M. opuntiella, voucher specimen; scale bar 100 µm, ©USNM. FIGURE 416. Phyllocnistinae: Oecophyllembiini. Prophyllocnistis epidrimys, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 105AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 417–426. Female genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 417–424. Ornixolinae. 417, Cactivalva nebularia, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, © LMCI. 418, Chileoptilia yaroella, paratype, ©MHNG. 419, Leurocephala schinusae, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 420, Neurobathra curcassi, voucher specimen; scale bar 500 µm, ©USNM. 421, Neurostrota brunnea, paratype, ©MHNG. 422, N. gunniella, paralectotype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 423, N. magnifica, paratype, ©MHNG. 424, Spinivalva gaucha, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, © LMCI. FIGURES 425, 426. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 425, Caloptilia aeolastis, syntype, genitalia slide NHMUK010313398♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 426, C. callichora, syntype, NHMUK010313397♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. DE PRINS1 ET AL.106 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 427–437. Female genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 427–435. Gracillariinae: Gracillariini. 427, Caloptilia camaronae, voucher specimen; scale bar 500 µm, ©UNAB. 428, C. cruzorum, paratype, genitalia slide MHNG 2937♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©MHNG. 429, C. dondavisi, paratype, scale bar 300 µm, ©MHNG. 430, C. eolampis, syntype, NHMUK010313402♀; scale bar 500 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 431, C. galacotra, paratype; scale bar 300 µm, ©MHNG. 432, C. pastranai, paratype, genitalia slide HAA011♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 433, C. perseae, voucher specimen, genitalia slide HAA009♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 434, C. schinusifolia, paratype; scale bar 500 µm, ©USNM. 435, C. similatella, voucher specimen, genitalia slide NHMUK010313409♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. FIGURES 436, 437. Lithocolletinae. 436, Cremastobombycia lantanella, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 437, Macrosaccus gliricidius, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 107AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 438–449. Female genitalia of types and voucher specimens. FIGURES 438, 439. Lithocolletinae. 438, Macrosaccus robiniella, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 439, Phyllonorycter acanthus, paratype; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. FIGURES 440–449. Acrocercopinae. 440, Acrocercops leucographa, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 441, A. serrigera galapagosensis, paratype, ©MHNG. 442, Cryptolectica lazaroi, paratype, ©MHNG. 443, Dialectica galapagosensis, paratype, ©MHNG. 444, D. sanctaecrucis, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 29522♀, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 445, Eucosmophora chrysocosma, paralectotype; scale bar 200 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 446, E. dives, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 27922♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 447, E. echinulata, holotype, genitalia slide USNM 31825♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 448, E. eclampsis, holotype, genitalia slide BMNH 30829♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 449, E. ingae, paratype; scale bar 500 µm, ©USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.108 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURES 450–461. Female genitalia of types. FIGURES 450–457. Acrocercopinae. 450, Eucosmophora pithecellobiae, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 451, E. pouteriae, paratype, genitalia slide DRD 4071♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 452, E. prolata, holotype, genitalia slide USNM 31829♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 453, E. schinusivora, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 454, E. sideroxylonella, holotype, genitalia slide USNM 31648♀; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 455, E. trimetalla, lectotype, genitalia slide BMNH 30831♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum. 456, Telamoptilia hibiscivora, paratype; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. 457, T. pavoniae, paratype, genitalia slide USNM 34701♀; scale bar 300 µm, ©USNM. FIGURES 458–461. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 458, Phyllocnistis drimiphaga, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 459, P. hemera, paratype; scale bar 300 µm, ©LMCI. 460, P. kawakitai, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-141♀; scale bar 100 µm, ©MNHN. 461, P. maxberryi, holotype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 109AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL GRACILLARIIDAE FIGURES 462–474. Female genitalia of types. FIGURES 462–471. Phyllocnistinae: Phyllocnistini. 462, Phyllocnistis meliacella, paratype, ©USNM. 463, P. norak, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-140♀; scale bar 100 µm, ©MNHN. 464, P. ourea, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©LMCI. 465, P. perseafolia, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 466, P. petronellii, holotype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-143♀; scale bar 100 µm, ©MNHN. 467, P. phoebus, paratype, genitalia slide GRPM 50–120♀; scale bar 100 µm, ©MCTP. 468, P. selene, voucher specimen; scale bar 100 µm, ©LMCI. 469, P. tethys, voucher specimen; scale bar 25 µm, ©LMCI. 470, P. tropaeolicola, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. 471, P. xylopiella, paratype, genitalia slide GRPM 50-139♀; scale bar 100 µm, ©V. Becker. FIGURES 472, 473. Phyllocnistinae: Marmarini. 472, Marmara gulosa, paratype; scale bar 500 µm, ©USNM. 473, M. opuntiella, voucher specimen; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. FIGURE 474. Phyllocnistinae: Oecophyllembiini. 474, Prophyllocnistis epidrimys, paratype; scale bar 200 µm, ©USNM. DE PRINS1 ET AL.110 · Zootaxa 4575 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURE 475. Type localities of the Neotropical Gracillariidae: red dots Ornixolinae, green dots Gracillariinae, yellow dots Lithocolletinae, purple dots Acrocercopinae and blue dots Phyllocnistinae. Data from the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae available at www.gracillariidae.net. FIGURE 476. The participants of the 3rd International Symposium on Gracillariidae, 19 January 2018, Serra Bonita Reserve, Bahia, Brazil. Gerfried Deschka stands first from right. ©Mignon Davis.