THE :\IAMMALS OF ENGANO ISLAND, WEST SUMATRA. By Gekrit S. Miller, ,Ir.,Assistant ('nratiir, [>lrisiov of Manniidls. The mammal fauna of Engaiio Island was first made known in 1894,when Mr. Oldtield Thomas published an account of the collectionsmade there three years before by Doctor Modigliani." TavcIvc species,mostly bats, were recorded, one of which, Pte/'opu.s iHodlgllaiili., wasdescribed as new. A second new species has recently been describedfrom Doctor Modio-liani's collection, Rhinolophus vulyjmo Andersen,*but with this exception no further accounts of the manmials haveappeared.Engano was visited in November and December, l'J04, by Dr. W. L.Abbott. He collected about TO manmials, all of which have beenpresented to the United States National Museum. Among them arethree not taken by Doctor Modigliani.Doctor Abbott's description of the island is as follows: '' Engano lies about 60 miles south of [Manna Point on] the coast ofsouthwest Sumatra. It is about 18 miles long and contains about I-IOsquare miles. Near the coast it is flat, but in the interior it rises sothat the whole interior looks like a low, flat hill when viewed from thesea. On the charts the highest point is given as 1,060 feet, but this isundoubtedly too high. The whole coast line is formed by a reef fromi mile to \\ miles wide. The best anchorage is behind Pulo Dua, inthe bay at the southeast corner of the island. The peculiar nativesare rapidly dying- out, only 441 being left on December 5, 1904. Thepopulation was 6,500 in 1868. The country is covered Avith scrub andforest. Much of it has evidently 'oeen cleared and is now overgrown.A good road starts from opposite Pulo Dua and runs two-thirds aroundthe island, about 40 miles. The soil appears to be very fertile, andthere is but little rock visible on the surface. The rainfall is abun-dant, and there are manv streams and rivers. Pulo Dua is about i ? On some mammals from Engano Island, west of Sumatra. Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor.Nat. di Genova, (2) XIV, pp. 105-110. April 10, 1894. ^'Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, II, p. 134. October 17, 1905. Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., XXIX, p. 657. March 7, 1906.Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXX-No. 1472. ^^^^ 820 FROCEEDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.mile long and nearly covered with cocoanuts. It lies about 1 milefrom the main i.sland. There is a kampong on it, where the Malaymentri (government (;lerk) lives. Pulo Mirt)aii is about li miles southof Pulo Dua. It contains 10 or 16 acres. There were here manj' fruitpigeons and a camp of I^ferojju.s.'^systematk; ust of species.Family SUID^E.SUS BABI Miller.?1906. Sus hahi. ]\IiLLEK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Una., XXX, 1906, j). 752.The two specimens procured, the skin and skull of a young male(No. 1-10958) and the skull of an adult female (No. 110959), are, asalready stated in the original description of Si/>^ 7)ah/\ not sufficient tomake possible a definite identification of the Engano pig. DoctorAbbott writes of the animal as follows:" Pigs are very common in Engano, but are never kept tame. Theyare said to be descended from animals which swam ashore from astranded ship, perhaps twent3'-live 3^ears ago. The natives say thatprevious to this none existed. One afternoon, while I was on shore,a pig swam off from the mainland bound for Pulo Dua. He had nearlyreached the schooner's anchorage when the noise made by the crewfrightened him and he turned back to the main island. There wereno boats by the schooner at the time or the animal could readilv havebeen caught." Family VIVERRID.E.PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS (Pallas).1894. Parado.ruruff }iermaj>}irodi(Hs Thomas, Ann. ]\Ins. Civ. di Stor. Nat. diGeneva, (2) XIV, p. 105. April 10, 1894.An adult female (No. 111026) was taken on the main island, Novem-ber 10, 1901. It closely resembles Sumatran specimens. Mamma?,1. Weight, 2.27 kg. Measurements: Head and body, 195 mm.; tail,110; hind foot, 83; skull, upper length, 88; condylobasilar length,95.6; zygomatic ])readth, 52,8."Musangs were ver}" common, and their droppings coukl be seeneverywhere in the paths. I did not succeed in trapping any, however,and the one specimen taken was brought in b}- natives. It is doubtlessan introduced species. There were a few on Pulo Dua,"One specimen was taken b}" Modigliani on Pulo Dua. 3fAMMALS OF ENGANO?MILLER. . 821 I Family MURID.E.MUS near RATTUS.1894. Muft rdffus var. Thomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) XIV,p. 109. April 10, 1894.Four specinions were taken on Pulo Dua and a fifth on the mainisland. Doctor Abbott remarks that rats were common about thehouses but were scarce in the forest.Modigdiani colh^cted one specimen on Pulo Dua.MUS ENGANUS, new species.1894. ?Mus sp. Thomas, Aim. Mns. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di (ienova, (2) XIV, ]). 110,April 10, 1894.Type.?Adu\t male (skin and skull). No. 140976, U.S.N.M. Col-lected on Engano Island, December 4:, 1904, l)y Dr. W. L. Abbott.Original number, 3823.jiracters.?General appearance not unlike a light-colored Mmnorrt-gleu!^^ l)at tail longei' than head and body, and fur of a soft, almostsilky texture, except along middle of back, where it becomes somewhatharsh. Skull with rostrum fully one-half deeper and broader than inMus norregieun; maxillary teeth with lateral cusps relati^'ely moredeveloped. Tail with 12 rings to the centimeter at middle.Fur and color.?The fur is of a soft, almost silk}' texture, thoughwithout trace of woolliness. On sides the hairs are about 12 mm.long. On back the mass of the fur increases to about 18 nmi. inlength, at the same time })ecoming somewhat harsh in texture, whilethere is an evident sprinkling of slender, grooved bristles 3.5 mm.long. These bristles arc so slender as to resemble ordinary hairs, buttheir grooved character can be detected with a lens. Whiskers longand soft, reaching to axilhe. Hairs on tail slightly exceeding lengthof scales, but becoming somewhat longer near tip, though withoutforming pencil.Underparts pide smoke-gray, the hairs becoming darker (aboutgray No. 6) basally. On sides and cheeks the gray becomes suffusedwith a dull, pale, ochraceous-bufl', this decidedly predominating on-back, crown, and face, where it is further darkened by the sprinklingof black bristle hairs. Muzzle washed with hair-brown. Feet scant-ily sprinkled with fine, light-gray hairs. Tail uniform, dark-brownthroughout.Skull and teeth.?1\\ general appearance the skull somewhat resem-bles that of a large Miis norveglcus, but it is at once distinguishableby the greatly increased breadth and depth of the rostrum, each ofwhich is decidedly more than half the length of nasals. The nasalsare abruptly truncated in front, a character which adds to the peculiar 822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.appearance of the rostrum. Anterior zygomatic root essentially as inMus norr('(j!ci(x. Nasals terminating- posteriorly about in line Avithpreniaxillaries. Audital bulhe and entire ventral aspect of skull(broad rostrum excepted) as in 2fti8 norvegieu.s.The maxillary teeth ditfer from those of t\'pical IFus in the greaterdevelopment and more evident demarkation of the lateral series ofcusps, botli outer and inner. There are, however, no unusual elementsin the teeth. The mandibular teeth show no appreciable peculiarities.MeaxKremerits.?Total length, 485 mm. ; head and l)ody, 228; tail, 257;hind foot, 46 (43); ear from meatus, 1!>; car from crown, 13; width ofear, 14.4; skull, upper length, 44.0; condylobasal length, 44; basilarhnigth, 38; palatilar length, 22.8; diastema, 13; length of nasals, 15.2;greatest ])readth of nasals, ?!; greatest breadth of rostrum, 8.4; leastdeptliof rostrum, 1?; zygomatic breadth, 23.4; interorbital constriction,7; breadth of l)rain case above roots of zygomata, 17.4; mastoidbreadth, 16.6; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 8.6; mandible, 27; mandi-bular tooth row (alveoli) 8.Speciinois eraiiilned.?One, the type.jRemarks.?For the sake of convenience, I have compared thisremarkabl}' distinct species with Mus n&rvegicus^ an animal with whichit probal)ly has no near relationship. The .strong development of thelateral cusps of the maxillar}' teeth removes it from the typical groupof Mus^ ])ut in the present unsatisfactory' state of this genus I am notable to decide as to the forms with which it should be placed.PTEROPUS ENGANUS, new species.1894. Pteropus JiypoinelannsTuo^iAs, Ann. Mn.s. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Geneva, (2)XIV, p. lOf), April 10, 1894.Type.?Adult male (skin and skull). No. 140966, U.S.N.M. Col-lected on Pulo Dua, Engano, November 4, 11>()4, by Dr. W. L. Abbott.Original number, 3774.Characters.?Similar to Pteropus lepidiis Miller, but smaller, andwith 1 ack darker than th(^ mantle. Larger than Pteropus hypqmelaniisTemminck.Color.?Type: Back a rather dark hair-brown, darkest and clearestanteriorl}'^, though everywhere somewhat lightened by a sprinkling ofsilvery hairs, and along edges of membranes a little sutiused withochraceous-])uft'. Mantle pale tawny-ochraceous, darkening on sidesof neck through hazel to chestnut, this in turn blackening on under-side of neck. Behind this bhickish area the underparts are nuich like})ack, except that the brown is darker, the silvery hairs are absent, andthe lighter sutlusion is more nearly hazel. Head a grizzled drabbygra}' , many of the hairs with noticeable silvery reflections in certainlights. NO. 1472. MAMMALS OF ENGANO?MILLER. 823Skull and teeth.?The skull jind teeth resemble those of Pirvojmslejjidus., difl'ering- merely iu their g-enerall}^ smaller size. Mandiblenoticably more slender than in the related species.Medsureinents.?For external measurements se(> table, pao-e 824.Cranial measurements of type: upper length, (31.2 nun.; condylobasallength, ?)0; basilar length, .5.5; median palate length, 3o.?); palatalbreadth between anterior molars, 12; zygomatie l)readth, ?A\ leastinterorbital breadth, S.-t; constriction behind postor])ital processes, 7.-i;breadth between tips of postorljital processes, 25.fi; greatest breadthof brain case above roots of zygomata, 22; greatest depth of brain case,17; occipital depth, 11. S; depth of rostrum at middle of diastema, 7.8;mandible, 48.8; maxillary tooth row exclusive of incisors (alveoli)23.1; mandibular tooth row exclusive of incisors (alveoli). 2f).0.Spechnens examined. ?Thirty-two from Engano, Pulo Dua, andPulo Mirbau.BeittarJi's.?The color phase represented in the t^^pe occurs in themajority of the specimens. In some, however, the silvery hairs onthe back predominate so as to make the color a light gra3% while inothers the ochraceous-buff wash is so increased as to conceal the brown.The gray phase and the buti' phase are connected with the normal darkphase by intermediates of every degree, but the series of skins showno direct intergradation between the two pale extremes.This animal appears to be not closely allied to Pteropus lepidm ofthe South China Sea islands, but is readily distinguishable by itssmaller size and invariably light mantle. It is undoubtedly larger thanPtei'opax JiypomeJaiius, the shortest forearm in the series measuring122 mm., while that of the type of the Ternate species measures, accord-ing to Dobson, 119 mm.PTEROPUS MODIGLIANII Thomas.1894. Pterophus modujUanii Thomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat.