PROCEEDINGS OF TME UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued l^*l\A, OJ^I l>y ihe
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 89 Washington: 1940 No. 3097SEVEN NEW CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS CAMBARUSFROM FLORIDA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIESBy HoBTON H. HoBBs, Jr.
While studying many crayfishes that I have collected in Florida inthe last few year's, and some that have been collected by others, I havenoted several forms that appear to be undescribed, and I have redis-covered the true Cambarus acherontis of Lonnberg. The new formsare: Cambarus pallidus, C. lucifugus luciftigus, C. lucifugus alachua,C. hubbelli, C. kilbyi, C. rathbunae, and C. pidus. The first three ofthese inhabit subterranean waters; the remaining four are surfacespecies.Some time ago I collected two species of the white crayfishes in theunderground waters of Alachua County, Fla. Not having Lonnberg'soriginal description of C. acherontis at hand, I followed Faxon (1898,p. 645) and assumed that the specimens from Gum Cave, CitrusCoimty, were C. acherontis, and I regarded one of these new speciescollected in Alachua County as a nev/ race of Lonnberg's species.The manuscript in which I described it was sent to the NationalMuseum for publication, where it was referred to Dr. LeonhardStejneger. I am very grateful to Dr. Stejneger for pointing out thefact that it was only an assumption on Faxon's part that his material,which was from Gum Cave, Citrus County, was C. acherontis. Dr.Waldo L. Schmitt, also of the National Museum, then suggested thatI seek to obtain specimens of the true acherontis from the type locality.Lonnberg collected his type material, two blind subterranean cray-fishes, in 1893 in an underground rivulet about 42 feet below the sur-face near Lake Brantley, Orange County, approximately 12. miles387
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM JTOt/. Si.t
north of Orlando, in the same county, and close to the SeminoleCounty line. These he described and figiu'ed as a new species,Cambarus acherontis (1894b, p. 6). Unfortunately, both of his speci-mens, which were males, are no longer extant.Learning from my friend Ralph Harmon that he had seen whitecrayfishes in Palm Springs, Semmole County, which lies approximatelythe same distance north of Orlando as Lonnberg's type locality andactually not more than 2 miles from it, I hastened to the place, togetherwith Mr. Harmon and Lewis Marchand. We foimd more than twoscore of white crayfishes lying hi the algae over the bottom of a poolformed by the spring. This pool (walled-up for swimming purposes)
mesial viev lateral viewFigure 14.?Figure of hypothetical first pleopod of first-form male to illustrate descriptiveterminology: A, Mesial process; B, cephalic process; C, centrocaudal process; D, caudalprocess; E, centrocephalic process. The so-called central projection of the pleopod ismade up of the juxtaposed centrocaudal and centrocephalic processes, C and E.measures about 60 by 20 feet; most of it is approximately 6 feet deep.The walls and bottom were covered with a thick algal growth anddeposited on it was a sediment characteristic of sulphur springs.The water had a pH of 7.6. Mr. Marchand caught most of the 44specimens that we secured by diving to the bottom and capturingthem with his hands. They were extremely sluggish, many lying inthe algae on their backs with their feet turned up toward the surfaceas though dead. Even after they were basrged there was little sign oflife.Comparing these specimens with the description of C. acherontisLonnberg (1894b, p. 6), I find close agreement with the second-formmales, but, judging from Lonnberg's figures 5a and 5b, as well as his
XEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 389description, I do not believe he had a first-fonn male before him, butrather that both specimens were of the second form. Faxon's state-ment (1898, p. 646), "1 am therefore inclined to believe that the dis-crepancies between the Swedish author's account of C. acherontis andthe specimens before mc [from Gum Cave] are due to differences inage and sex, and in part to inaccuracy of description and delineation,"is unjust as far as his charge of inaccuracj^ is concerned. Lonnberg'sdescription is remarkably well done. It is regrettable that Faxonfailed to investigate the type locality, that he failed to accept Lonn-berg's description at its face value, and that he thus confused twocavemicolous species. Faxon's specimens are identical with (7.lucifugus lucifugus.At present two groups of cavemicolous crayfishes are known fromFlorida, each closely related to surface forms. The first of thesegroups has only one representative, C. acherordis Lonnberg; the otheris represented by three foniis: C. pallidus, C. lucifugus lucifugus, C.lucifugus alachua
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KEY TO SPECIES OF CAMBARUS REFERRED TO IN THIS PAPER1
.
Rostrum with lateral spines or with margins broken 2Rostrum without lateral spines, margins smooth 72. Albinistic (dorsal surface of abdomen pigmented in some) ; eyes reduced 3Colored; ej-es well developed 43. Hook on ischiopodite of fourth pereiopod of male simple, not bituberculate.. GHook on ischiopodite of fourth pereiojjod of male bituber-culate acherontis (p. 390)4. Rostrum broadest at base. .5Rostrum broadest distad of base lucifugus lucifugus (p. 398)5. Pigment spot in eye lucifugus alachua (p. 402)No pigment spot in eye pallidus (p. 394)G. First pleopod of male with knoblike projection on distal caudo-lateral margin pictus (p. 419)First pleopod of male \\ithout knoblike projection on distalcaudolateral margin pubescens7 . Areola moderately broad ; chelae sulwvate SAreola very narrow; chelae strongly compressed dorso-ventrally advena8. Inner margin of palm of chelae of males barbate 9Inner margin of palm of chelae of males not barbate 109. Hooks on ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods ofmale barbatusHook on ischiopodites of only the third pereiopods of male^ _ hubbelli (p. 406)Hooks on ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods of male- kilbyi (p. 410)Hooks on ischiopodites of only the third pereiopods ofmale rathbxmae (p. 414)Measurements were taken as follov/s: Height of carapace, wherecervical groove intersects the niidrlorsal line; ividfh of carapace, thegreatest width, generalh" about midway bet^\?een cervical groove and
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 89posterior margin of carapace; length of carapace, measured along mid-dorsal line from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of carapace; widthoj rostrum at base, measured opposite the anterior terminals of post-orbital ridges; length of rostrum, from the postorbital ridge to tip ofrostrum ; length of areola, measured along middorsal line from cervicalgroove to posterior margin of carapace; width of areola, narrowestplace between the sutures; width oj chela, greatest width of palm.CAMBARUS ACHERONTIS LdnnbereFigure 151894, Carnharus acherontis Lonnberg, Zool. Anz., vol. 17, No. 444, pp. 125-127.1894. Carnharus acherontis Lonnberg, Bihang Sveuska Vet.-Akad. Haiidl.,vol. 20, Afd. 4, No. 1, p. 6, figs. 1-6.1903. Carnharus acherontis Harris, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 58,67,1 150, 152, 162.Diagnosis.?^An almost colorless subterranean species with unpig-Tuented eyes. The male with bituberculate hooks on the ischiopoditesof the third and fourth pereiopods. First-form male without cephalicprocess on first pleopod, but with subterminal mesial process. Alyre-shaped plateau on the anteroventral portion of the annulusventralis.Male (form T).?Body subovate, flattened dorsoventrally. Abdo-men slightly narrower than cephalothorax.Width of carapace in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groovegreater than depth. Greatest width of carapace about midwaybetween caudodorsal margin of cervical groove and caudal margin ofcephalothorax.Areola narrow, 20 times as long as wide. Cephalic region of cara-pace about 1.45 times as long as areola. Areola sparsely punctatecephalad and caudad. Sides almost parallel for a short distance inmiddle. (Apex of rostrum broken in male, measurements made tobase of apex.)Rostrum long, narrow, tapering cephalad. Acumen broken;lateral spines short, weakly acuminate. Small secondary tubercleson each margin of rostrum at midlength. Upper surface deeplyexcavate. Postorbital ridges terminating anteriorly in short spines.Surface of carapace tuberculate laterally; dorsally polished andslightly punctate. No lateral spines.Abdomen smooth, slightly longer and slightly narrower than cepha-lothorax. Anterior section of telson with one spine in each of theposterolateral corners.Eyes reduced, not pigmented.Epistome small, margins slightly elevated, with an anterior medianspine; undulating laterally.
' In part; i. e. excluding "2. Oum Cave, Citras county**'"
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 391Antennules of usual form; a spine present on ventral side of basalsegment.Antennae extending caudad slightly beyond tip of telson.Antenna! scale broad; extends cephalad to tip of rostrum; not aslong as peduncle of antennae. Broadest anterior to middle. Spineon outer margin weak.First pereiopod long and slender; palm subovate, entirely tubercu-late. Fingers with weak median dorsal ridge and bent decidedly
Figure 15.
?
Cambarus acherontis Lonnberg: a, Mesial view of first pleopod of male, form I;b, cephalic view of first pleopod of male, form I; c, caudal view of first pleopod of male,form II; d, caudal view of first pleopod of male, form I; e, lateral view of first pleopod ofmale, form I;/, mesial view of first pleopod of male, form II; g, ischiopodites of third andfourth pereiopods of male, form I; h, epistome of male, form I; j, annulus ventralis; /,antennal scale; k, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II. Pubescence has beenremoved from all first pleopods.
ventrad. About 11 tubercles in silhouette irregularly arranged alonginner margin of palm.Movable finger with about 19 tubercles along mesial margin; lateralmargin with one corneous tubercle in proxunal third and about five
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou 80
very low cornooiis loiobs just distad of this tubercle. Entire lateralmargin covered with minute denticles and scattered setae.Immovable finger with live low, rounded knobs along proximo-mesial margin, just distad of which is a large corneous tubercle. En-tire mesial margin with minute denticles. x\bout 11 small tubercleson proximal lateral margin.Carpus about 1.6 times as long as wide; a shallow oblique grooveabove. Punctate dorsolaterally, otherwise tuberculate. Two verylarge tubercles anteroventrad and a rov/ of four smaller ones ventre-mesad.Merus entirely tuberculate. Tubercles spikelike ventrad, dorsad,and mesad.Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with strong, bitubercu-latc hooks.First pleopod ver\^ slender and extending to base of third pereiopod;tip terminating m two distinct parts. A third terminal process, themesial process, somewhat obscured by close proximity with the mainshaft, lies along the caudomesial margin and terminates one and one-half times its own length proximad of the tip. It is spicidiform butalmost truncate distall3^ The cephalic process is absent, representedonly by a shelf on the anterodistal margin. The central projectionis a strongly developed, subtriangular, corneous structure which isflattened laterally and extends beyond the rest of the appendagedistally. It is composed of two parts: the centrocaudal and thecentrocephalic. A caudal process arises from the caudodistal margin;it is compressed laterally and is directly posterior to the central pro-jection. An excavation is present mesad of the central projectionand caudal process.Male (form II).?Only slightly different from first-form male.Acumen of rostrum very short, not reaching disttil end of peduncle ofantennule. Epistome with median spine deeply set, otherwise as inthe first-form male. Anterior section of telson with two spmes in leftposterolateral corner and one in the right. Hooks on ischiopoditesof third and fourth pereiopods simple and reduced. (See %. 15, c,f, k,for diagrams of first pleopod.)In contrast to Lonnberg's desciiption (1894b, p. 6) there are verysmall "lateral teeth" on the rostrum of my spechnens. The ridgewhich Lonnberg speaks of as being present in "the foremost part ofthe rostral groove" is present in one of my specimens. Occasionallyan extra spine is added in one or both posterolateral corners of anteriorsection of telson. Antennae generally slightly longer than body.One of my second-form males agrees perfectly with Lonnberg's de-scription (i. e., proportionally) except that the areola of my specimenis narrower than his; this difference holds in all my specimens. It ispossible that this difference is due to our measuring the width of the
2sEM' CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA HOBBS 393
areola in different places or to his including tlie light-colored areasbordering the sutures.Female.?One or two additional spines are present along left rostralridge, otherwise like first-form male.Annulus ventralis movable. Cephalic portion hidden beneath twoprojections from the sternum just anterior to it. (See fig. 15, i.)Measurements.?^Male, form I: Carapace, height 0.9G, width 1.21,length 2.46 cm. ; areola, width 0.07, length 1.05 cm. ; rostrum, width atbase 0.32, length 0.54 cm.; abdomen, length 2.55 cm.; right chela,inner margin of palm O.SO, width of palm 0.47, length of outer marginof hand 2.14, length of movable finger 1.22 cm. Female: Carapace,height 0.92, width 1.27, length 2.52 cm.; areola, width 0.07, length1.07 cm.; rostrum, width at base 0.31, length 0.5G cm.; abdomen,length 2.50 cm. ; right chela, inner margin of palm 0.52, width of palm0.32, length of outer margin of hand 1.39, length of movable finger0.73 cm.Type locality.?Lonnherg's types came from an underground rivuletabout 42 feet below the surface near Lake Brantley, Orange County,Fia. My neotypes are from Palm Springs, Seminole Coimty, Fla.,not more than 2 miles from Lonnberg's locality.Disposition of neotypes.?Male (form I), niiile (form II), and thefemale, on which the above description is based, are deposited in theUnited States National Museum, together with four males (form II)and four females. The remaining 33 specimens are in my owncollection.Relationships.?Cambarus acherontis probably finds its closestaffinities with the group of Cambarus adrena.Remarks.?In 1902 (p. 277), Ortmann included Cambarus acherontisalong with 15 other species in the first group of Cambarus. On thebasis of the first pleopod of the first-form male, however, it should bereferred to his second group with C. advena. In 1905 (p. 102) he seemsto have been influenced in the formulation of his key to species andprobably also in his grouping by Faxon's determination of his speci-mens from Gum Cave as C. acherontis, thus further confusing thetaxonomic status of this misunderstood species by referring it to thegroup of C. blandingi.Faxon's record (1914, p. 368) of C. acherontis from Eustis, LakeCounty, is based on two second-form males and seven females, allimmature. I have examined these specimens and find that, althoughthey have their closest affinities with C. lucifugus lucifugus from GumCave, they are certainly not identical with that subspecies, for I havecarefully compared the immature specimens from Eustis with im-mature lucifugus lucifugus from Gum Cave. I believe they representan undescribed subspecies of lucifugus because of the morphological
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM tol. 89diflferences they exhibit from the known subspecies and because thevarious subspecies of C. lucijugus are extremely limited in their dis-tribution. The Eustis specimens have the sides of the rostrum moreconstricted at the base, the body is slightly less granidate, and theepistome is slightly different. In the Gum Cave forms the mesialprocess of the first pleopod of the male is directed more laterad. Aswe have no mature specimens, this subspecies will have to remainwithout a name. CAMBARUS PALUDUS. new speciesFigure 161938. Cambarus acherontis pallidus Hobbs,^ Proc. Florida Acad. Sci., vol. 2,p. 90. Nomen nudum.Diagnosis.?An albinistic subterranean species with unpigmentedeyes. Rostrum wider at base than at any point along midlength.The sternum just anterior to the annulus ventrails bears large midti-tuberculate processes, which almost fuse along the midventral line.Fii"st pleopod of first-form male bears aU five processes and has ahump on anterior surface.Male holotype (Jorm T).?Body in cross section almost cylindrical,slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Abdomen narrower than cephalo-thorax.Width of carapace in region of caiidodorsal margin of cervdcal groovemuch greater than depth. Greatest width of carapace about midwaybetween caudodorsal margin of cervical groove and caudal margin ofcephalothorax.Areola almost obliterated, about 28 or more times as long as wide,slightly depressed. Cephalic region of carapace about 1.36 times aslong as areola. Areola without punctations. Sides parallel for a shortdistance in middle.Rostrum long, acutely tapering. Acumen short; lateral spines small.Apex reaching a little beyond base of third segment of peduncle ofantennule; upper surface deeply excavate. Postorbital ridges termi-nating anteriorly in short spines, extending posteriorly about two-thirds the distance between tip of rostrum and cervical groove.Surface of carapace tuberculate. Tubercles spiniform. Plane onlyin areola and gastric region, here smooth and polished. Lateral spinestrituberculate (only one spine on either side larger than other tuber-cles). Cephalolateral margins each with one spine near the anteriorextremity of cervical groove.Abdomen slightly narrower and about the same length as cephalo-thorax. Anterior section of telson with two spines in each of theposterolateral comers.
' Owing to an unfortunate misunderstanding, this manuscript name, based upon my original erroneousinterpretation of L6nnberg's Cambarus acherontis, appeared shortly before the present paper was ready(or publication.
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORmA?HOBBS 395
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou 89Eyes reduced, not pigmented.Epistome small, margins slightly raised, with an anterior medianspine and a right lateral one?left lateral margin unbroken.Antennuies of usual form; a spine present on ventral side of basalsegment.Antennae extending posteriorly slightly beyond tip of telson.Antenna! scale broad and long, extending almost to third joint ofpeduncle of antennule; broadest in middle. Spine on outer marginstrong, extending beyond tip of rostrum.First pereiopod long, slender, entirely tuberculate; palm ovate,only slightly depressed dorsoventrally. A slight median dorsal ridgealong each finger. Outer margin of immovable finger with a distinctridge.Movable finger: Inner margin with about 12 corneous and knob-like tubercles along proxunal half; the fifth from base the largest.Minute denticles along entire inner margin. Mesial margin with 16setiferous tubercles. Dorsomedian ridge with a single row of tubercleson each side. Setae extending from base of each distally. Beyondthe fifteenth lateromarginal tubercle the tubercles bounding themedian ridge have given way to setiferous punctations, which extendon to the tip of the finger on the outer row, but which are not presentto the tip on the mesial row. Finger terminates distally in a sharpcorneous tip bent laterall.y and extending below the tip of immovablefinger.Immovable finger: Inner dorsal margin with about 13 corneoustubercles of which the second, third, and fourth are the largest.Between the tenth and eleventh a very large corneous tubercle ex-tends from the ventromesial margm and passes below the movablefinger when fingers are brought together. Also, opposite the twelfthtubercle a smaller tubercle extends from the ventromesial margin.Entire mesial margin with minute denticles. Dorsal surface uith amedian ridge. Lateral margin also with a prominent ridge.Carpus longer than wide, not so long as imier margin of palm ofchela; a shallow, oblique, longitudinal groove above; entu-ely tuber-culate,Merus entirely tubercidate; ventral side crowded with spikeliketubercles,Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with hooks. Hookson the third pereiopods rounded and straight; hooks on the fourthwith caudoventral surface rounded and cephalodorsal surface ex-cavate.First pleopod extenduig to base of the coxopodite of the thirdpereiopod; tip terminating in four distinct parts, as follows: Themesial process is long and spiculiform, directed at about a 45? angle
NKW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 397
with, the mam shaft, and extending beyond the posterior margin ofthe appendage. The cephaHc process is elongate, extending beyondthe rest of the appendage distaliy, and somewhat hooding the centralprojection anteriorh^. The central projection, entirely corneous, ismade up of two fused processes: The centrocaudal process, contributedfrom the lateral base of the cephalic process forms the caudal entityof the central projection; the centrocephalic process arises from thecenter of the organ and makes up the cephalic entity of the centralprojection. The whole process is bent caudad at a right angle withthe main shaft. The caudal process, also corneous, is a long, curved,bladelike structure forming the posteromesial margin of the tip ofthe outer part. It is somewhat convex mesiallj' and it is continuousdistad v,'ith the mesial and anterior controcephalic process of thecentral projection.Alale (form //).-? Only slightly different from the male of the firstform. The hooks on the ischiopodites of the third and fourth walkinglegs are very much reduced. The epistome is more regular, withonly a single medial crenation. The other differences are minorvariations and need not be pointed out.Female allotype.?Tlie female is veiy similar to the male of thefirst foi-m, differing greatly only in the secondary sexual characters.The sternum just anterior to the annulus ventralis, between thefourth pereiopods bearing large multituberculate (three to fivetubercles) processes, which almost fuse along the midventral line.(This character alone easiij' separates the female C. pallidus fromC. lucifugus lucijugus.) Just posterior to the annulus the knoblikestructure between the fii'th pereiopods is small and quadrituber-culate. Epistome more regular than in the male, form I, with onlya single medial crenation.Annulus ventralis movable. Sinus arises anteriorl}^ along the mid-ventral line and extends to the loft for a short distance, then bendssharply to the right, finallj^ curving gently posteriorly, termmatingslightly to the right of the midventral line.Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height ].4, width 1.71,length 3.47 cm.; areola, width 0.05, length 1.41 cm.; rostrum, width0.37, length 0.76 cm.; abdomen, length 3.32 cm.; right chela, innermargin of palm 1.14, width of palm 0.69, length of outer margin ofhand 3.35, length of movable finger 1.92 cm. The allotype: Carapace,height 1.41, width 1.72, length 3.55 cm.; areola, width 0.08, length1.42 cm.; rostrum, width 0.37, length 0.83 cm.; abdomen, length 3.34cm. ; right chela, inner margin of palm 1 .14, width of palm 0.63, lengthof outer margin of hand 3.32, length of movable linger 2.05 cm.Color.?This craj^^fish is almost snow white in life, turning dark onlyafter preservation. The animals live veiy successfully in aquaria and
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 89
usually retain their white color. I have named this species Camharuspallidus because, in contrast to its closest known relative, Cambanislucijugus, of Gum Cave, Citrus County, Fla., the abdomens of thefemales are usually snow white, whereas those of lucifugus have astraw-brown tint. Males of both species are entirely white.Type locality.?Warrens Cave, 11 miles northwest of Gainesville,Alachua County, Fla., October 8, 1937.The male holotype and the female allotype, U.S.N.M. No. 76591,and a second-form male paratype are deposited in the United StatesNational Museum. Of the remaining paratypes, one female has beendeposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; one female in theUniversity of Micliigan Museum of Zoology; one male, form I, threemales, form II, and six females are retained in my personal collection.Distribution.?I collected this new crayfish on March 23, 1935,from a small area of subterranean water exposed in the bottom of acavelike lime sink in the southern part of Columbia County. FrankN. Young secured a male, form II, and a female from Warrens Cave,11 miles west of Gainesville, on April 22, 1937. From the samelocahty, on April 29, 1937, T. Carr collected the first male, form I,I had seen. Since that time, three females and one male, form I,have been added to my collection.Relationships.?Camharus pallidus has its closest affinities with thecavernicolous forms, Camharus lucifugus lucifugus and C. lucifugusalachua (described below). It is probable that C pictus (describedbelow) and C. puhescens are its closest surface relatives; the former isprobably more closely akin to C. pallidus than is the latter.CAMBABUS LUCIFUGUS LUCIFUGUS, new species and subspeciesFigure 171898. Camharus acherontis Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 645, pi. 62,figs. 1-5.1902. Camharus acherontis Oetmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 41, No. 171,p. 277.1903. Camharus acherontis Harris, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bnll., vol. 2, No. 3,pp. 67, 150.51905. Camharus acherontis Ortmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 44, No. 180,p. 102.Diagnosis.?A cavernicolous species with unpigmented eyes. Ros-trum broadest distad of the base. The sternum anterior to theannulus ventralis is unmodified. First pleopod of first-form malebearing all five processes and similar to that of C. lucifugus alachua,but the trough in the caudal process is deeper, and the mesial processis more spicuhform.
' In part, i. e., reference "2. Qum Cavo, Citrus county ? ? *"
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS smMale holotype {form I).?Body subovate, compressed dorsoven-trally. Abdomen slightly narrower than cephalothorax.Width of carapace in region of caiidodorsal margin of cervicalgroove much greater than depth. Greatest width of carapace about
Figure 17.
?
Cambarus lucifugus lucifugus, new species and subspecies: a, Mesial view offirst pleopod of male (holotype); b, cephalic view of first pleopod of male (holotype);c, antennal scale; d, caudal view of first pleopod of male (holotype); e, lateral view offirst pleopod of male (holotype) ; /, mesial view of first pleopod of male, form II; g, epistomeof male; h, ischlopodites of third and fourth pereiopods of male, form I; i, annulus ven-tralis; /, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II. Pubescence has been removedfrom ail first pleopods.midway between caudodorsal margin of cervical groove and caudalmargin of cephalothorax. (Right posterodorsai margin diseased.)Areola narrow, almost obliterated. Sparsely punctate cephaladand caudad. Sides almost parallel for a short distance in middle.
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOf/. 89Rostrum distinctly narrower at base than at midlength, convergesslightly anteriorly to form a small lateral tooth on either side, whichdoes not reach distal end of second joint of peduncle of antennule.Upper surface deeply excavate. Acumen extends slightly distad ofsecond joint of peduncle of antennule. Postorbital ridges ter-minating anteriorly in short spines.Surface of carapace punctate dorsally and tuberculate laterally;one or two tubercles immediately posterior and laterad of the cervicalgroove slightly larger than others.Abdomen smooth, slightly narrower, and shorter than ceplialo-thorax. Anterior section of telson with three spines in each of theposterolateral corners.Eyes reduced, not pigmented.Epistome small and minaret shaped, with a small anteromedianspine. Margins slightly raised and unbroken.Antennules of usual form; a spine present on ventral side of basalsegment.Antennae broken but probabl}' longer than body.Antenna! scale broad; extends cephalad to tip of rostrum; broadestslightly distad of middle. Spine on outer margin strong.First pereiopod long and slender; palm subovate, entirely tuber-culate. Fingers bent ventrad without well-defined dorsomedianridge. About 13 tubercles in silhouette irregularly arranged alonginner margin of palm.Movable finger with about 22 tubercles along mesial margin ; lateralmargin with about 20 or 21 low tubercles along proximal half. Entirelateral margin with minute denticles.Immovable finger with about 11 tubercles along proximolateralmargin; about 18 tubercles along the proximal dorsomesial margin.Opposite the fifteenth and between the sixteenth and seventeenthare two larger corneous tubercles along the ventromesial margin.Entire mesial margin with minute denticles.Carpus about 1.8 times as long as wide; a shallow gi'oove above.Entirely tuberculate, although sparsely so dorsad and ventrad. Onelarge spine on the anterior mesioventral margin.Merus plain proximolaterad, otherwise tuberculate. Tuberclesspikeiike ventrad and dorsodistad.Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with strong simplehooks.First pleopod extends to base of third pereiopod ; tip terminates infour distinct parts, which are bent at about a 60? angle with the mainshaft. The mesial process, which arises from the mesiodistal margin,is spiculiform. The cephalic process is an elongate, acute processwith a broad base, which extends across the anterodistal tip of theappendage, hooding the central projection, Th^ central projection
NEW CRAYFISHES rRO:M FLORIDA HOBBS 401
is composed of two corneous, subtriangular plates, the centrocephalicand the centrocaudal, which arc flattened laterally. The caudalprocess, which is also corneous, extends as a sharp ridge (convexmesad) mesad of the central projection and it is directed proximo-distad. The mesial, cephalic, and caudal processes are directedalmost parallel.Male {form II).?Essentially like first-form male; however, theareola is slightly broader than in holotype. Two spines present ineach of the posterolateral corners of anterior section of telson. Hookson ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods reduced but stronglydeveloped. Antennae longer than body. (See fig. 17,/, j, for firstpleopod.)Female allotype.?Differs only slightly from the holotype. Anteriorsection of telson with four spines in the right posterolateral cornerand throe in the left. Areola broader than in holotype. Otherdifferences may be noted in measurements.Faxon (189S, pi. 62, figs. 1, 5) figured the dorsal aspect of a femaleand the annulus ventralis. (See fig. 17, i, for annalus ventralis ofallotype.)Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.42, width 1.6,length 3.52 cm.; areola, width O.Oo approximately, length 1.41 cm.;rostrum, width at base 0.41, length 0.79 cm.; abdomen, length 3.35cm.; right chela, inner margin of palm 1.21, width of palm 0.65,length of outer margin of hand 3.38, length of movable fuiger 1.90 cm.The allotype: Carapace, height 1.31, width 1.56, length 3.4 cm.;areola, width 0.10 approximately, length 1.31 cm.; rostrum, width atbase 0.41, length 0.82 cm.; abdomen, length 3.10 cm.; right chela,itmer margin of palm 0.85, width of palm 0.57, length of outer margmof hand 2.84, length of movable finger 1.83 cm.Type locality.?Gum Cave, about 5 miles southwest of Floral City,Citras County, Fla. This cave is also known by the names SweetGum Cave and Gum Tree Caveni. The material which Faxon hadreferred to C. acherontis in 1898 (p. 645) was also collected in GumCave. It is on deposit in the United States National Museum andconsists of 2 females and 12 young (males, form II; females). Hedescribed and figured the dorsal aspect of a female, the annidus ven-tralis, and the first pleopod of one of the young males, form II.The male holotype (No. 77916), the female allotype (No. 77918),and a second-form male paratypc (No. 77917) are deposited in theUnited States National Museum. Of the remaining paratypes onemale, form I, and a female have been deposited in the Museum ofComparative Zoology; one male, form I, and a female in the Univer-sity of Michigan Museum of Zoology; 8 first-form males, 18 females,2 immature males, and 1 immature female arc retained in my owncollection.
402 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou S9Distribution.?Cambarus lucifugus lucifugus is known from twolocalities in Florida: One, the type locality, Gum Cave, Citrus County,and the other a cave about 14 miles north of Weekiwatchee Springs,Hernando County,Relationships.?Cambarus lucifugus lucifugus is very closely alliedto a cavemicolous form occurring in x\lachua County, Fla., C. lucifugusalachua. CAMBARUS LUCIFUGUS ALACHUA new subspeciesFigure 18Diagnosis.?A subterranean albinistic species with a small pigmentspot in the eye. Rostrum tapering. First pleopod of firstr-form malebears all five processes and is similar to that of C. lucifugus lucifugus,but the trough in the caudal process is shallower, the mesial processis not so spiculiform, and the central projection is more curved.Male holotype {form T).?Body subcylindrical, slightly flatteneddorsoventrally. Abdomen narrower than cephalothorax.Width of carapace in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groovemuch greater than depth. Greatest width of carapace midway be-tween cervical groove and caudal margin of cephalothorax.Areola narrow (12 to 13 times as long as wide), not depressed,polished; a single row of punctations in narrowest portion. Anteriorsection of carapace around 1.6 times as long as areola.Rostrum narrow, gently tapering, deeply excavate; acumen mod-erately long, extending from opposite middle of second segment ofpeduncle of antemiule to distal margin of last segment of peduncle ofantennule. Lateral spines strong, the left bispinose; many specimensseem to add at random an extra spine on the margin of the rostrum.Postorbital ridges terminating anteriorly in long, sharp spines, pos-terior margms bearing several spiniform tubercles.Surface of carapace bearing spiniform and rounded tubercles exceptdorsally, where it is smooth and polished; gastric region with a fewshallow pimctations bearing setae at the base. One large lateralspine on either side of carapace. Cephalolateral margins each withone strong spine near anterior extremity of cervical groove.Abdomen narrower than cephalothorax but equal to it in length.Anterior section of telson with one spine in each of the posterolateralcorners.Eyes reduced ; however, bearing a small pigmented spot,Epistome subtrapezoidal in shape, each of the four comers withmoderate spines. Anterior margin concave, with a small triangularprocess in the middle.Antennules of the usual form with a strong, slender spine on ventralside of basal segment.Antennae broken but probably longer than carapace.
NEW CRAYFISHES FBOM FLORIDA?HOBBS 403
^ w
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou 89Antennal scale large, extremely broad; broadest in middle. Spineon outer distal margin strong, extending anteriorly almost to tip ofrostrum.First right pereiopod slender, entirely tuberculate; palm oval, de-pressed dorsoventrally. Median dorsal ridge along each finger; outermargin of immovable finger with distinct ridge.Movable finger: Inner margin with about 18 corneous and knob-like tubercles along proximal half, the sixth from base the largest;minute denticles along entire inner margin. Mesial margin withabout 17 tubercles. Dorsomedian ridge flanked by small irregularlyspaced tubercles along proximal half. Distal half flanked by a rowof setiferous punctations on either side. Finger terminates distallyin a sharp, corneous tip bent laterad and extending below the tip ofimmovable finger when the fingers are closed.Immovable finger with inner dorsal margin bearing about 13corneous tubercles, the third and fifth largest. Between the eleventhand twelfth tubercles a large corneous tubercle extends from theventromesial margin, and when the fingers are brought together themovable finger passes above it. Distad of this tubercle and in thesame line are two smaller tubercles. Entire mesial margin withminute denticles.Carpus longer than broad, shorter than inner margin of palm ofchela; a shallow, oblique longitudinal groove above; tuberculateexcept on ventral surface.Merus tuberculate except along the proximomesial and proximo-lateral surfaces. Ventral side crowded with spikelike tubercles.Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods bearing hooks. Hookscorneous; both recurved toward the base of ischiopodite distally.Hook on fourth pereiopod heavier.First pleopod extending to base of third walking leg; tip ending infour distinct parts, as follows: The mesial process, a long, extremelyslender spine, projects posteroventrally and is bent at about a 50?angle with the main shaft. The cephalic process, also spiniform,rises from the anterior margin and projects in a direction almostparallel to the mesial process. The central projection consists of twoprocesses: A centrocaudal process, which is contributed from thecephalic process laterally, forming the caudal entity; a centrocephalicprocess arising from the center of the appendage and making up thecephalic entity ; these two are fused into a triangular platelike process(viewed laterally) bent in the same direction as the mesial process,this triangular process being the largest of the four terminal parts.The caudal process also consists of two parts: A mesial, bladelike,corneous structure directed obliquely anterolaterally and postero-mcsially; a small corneous, triangular structure just posterolateradof, and at the base of, the central projection. The central projectionand the caudal process are corneous.
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 405Male {form II)
.
?The second-form male differs from the male, formI, in the following points: The antennae extend beyond the tip oftelson, epistome resembles a minaret in silhouette; the rostral spinesare normal; however, the acumen bears a spine on the right marginand the right subrostral ridge bears four acute, anteriorly projectingspines, and the left, one; hooks on ischiopodite of both third and fourthpereiopods reduced but prominent; all terminal processes of the firstpleopod are noncorneous and reduced. Particularly is this true ofthe cephalic process.Female allotype.?The shape of the rostrum more nearly approachesthat of Cambarus lucifugus lucifugus than does the rostrum of theholotype; also the acumen is relatively shorter; the rostral spines arenormal. Antennae extending posteriorly to middle of telson. Epi-stome as in holotype except anteromedian spine is much more promi-nent. Anterior section of telson with one spine in the left and two inthe right posterolateral comer.Annulus ventralis bearing a prominent ridge along the anteriormargin on either side of the median line. Sinus originates on theanterior margin on about the midventral line and extends to the leftfor a short distance, then turns gently to the right to the midventralline, following it for a short distance to a large tubercle, which arisesfrom the posteromedian surface. Posterior to the annulus and betweenthe fifth pereiopods, the sternum is modified into a rounded promi-nence bearing punctations. The sternum immediately anteriorto the annulus is plain.Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.87, width 1.52,length 3.44 cm.; areola, width 0.12, length 1.30 cm.; rostrum, width0.42, length 0.87 cm.; abdomen, length 3.54 cm.; right chela, innermargin of palm 1.14, w^idth of palm. 0.63, length of outer margin ofhand 3.41, movable finger 2.15 cm.; carpus of first right pereiopod,length 0.76, width 0.50 cm. The allotype: Carapace, height 1.40,width 1.57, length 3.52 cm.; areola, width 0.14, length 1.35 cm.;rostrum, width 0.43, length 0.85 cm.; abdomen, length 3.58 cm.; rightchela, mner margm of palm 0.84, width of palm 0.47, length of outermargin of hand 2.56, movable finger 1.57 cm.; carpus of first rightpereiopod, length 0.79, width 0.40 cm.Type locality.?A small cave. Hog Sink, about 10 miles west ofGamesville, Alachua County, Fla. The cave is located in high pine-woods ow^led by the Cummer Lumber Co., and it is very difficult tofind, as no road leads to it. The cave extends downward 25 to 35 feetand then to the north about the same distance. The greater portionof it is occupied by a pool of clear, cool water, with a pH of 7.1. Thepool is shallow at the south and slopes gently deeper to the north.Light reaches the southern edge of the pool, but the northernmostedge is dark. The specimens were taken on November 30, 1937.
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.89The male (form I) holotype and the female allotype (No. 76592)and a male (form II) paratype are deposited in the United StatesNational Museum; a male (form II) and a female in the Unitersity ofMichigan Museum of Zoology; one male (form I), one male (form II),18 females, 9 immature males, and 20 immature females are retainedin my personal collection.Relationships.?Cambarus lucijugus alachua is most closely related toC. lucijugus lucifugus of Gum Gave, Citrus County, Fla. I havefound specimens which appear to be intergrades between these twosubspecies in Marion County. The range of this new subspecies, asfar as my collections show, is the central western part of AlachuaCounty, while Cambarus lucijugus lucifugus has been collected fromCitrus and Hernando Counties, Fla. Thus it seems logical that, ifthere be a transition group, Marion County is the place to expect it,and there is little doubt in mj mind that my specimens from IndianCave, Marion County, are intergrades, lucijugus Xalachua.CAMBARUS HUBBELLI. new speciesFigure 19Diagnosis.?Areola relatively broad. Rostrum without lateralspines. Male wdth hooks on the ischiopodites of the third pereiopodonly, and the chelae with the inner margin of the palm barbate. Firstpleopod of first-form male bearing all five processes ; the caudal processfomis a fanlike structure along the caudolateral margin; a terminaltuft of setae is borne on a small distal knob.Male holotype {form I).?Body moderately slender, somewhatthickened dorsoventrally. Abdomen only slightly narrower thancephalothorax.Carapace subovate. In region of caudodorsal margin of cervicalgroove, width of carapace slightly greater than depth. Greatestwidth of carapace just posterior to the posterodorsal margin of thecervical groove.Areola about 5.2-5.3 times as long as wide, not depressed. Cephalicregion of carapace more than twice as long as areola; thi-ee irregularrows of punctations present in areola. Sides parallel for a shortdistance in middle.Rostrum suboblanceolate, directed ventrad anteriorly, terminating,however, in a slightly upturned tip, apex just reaciiing distal end ofsecond joint of peduncle of antennule, upper surface punctate, plane,with margins only slightly elevated. Cephalic region, in lateral aspect,with two rounded prominences : The anterior, consisting of the rostrum,which extends posteriorly to the anterior end of the postorbitalridges; and the posterior, which extends from the anterior edge of thepostorbital ridges to the cervical groove, and is more highly arched at
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 407
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. S9
midlength than the anterior. Postorbital ridges extending posteriorlymore than half the distance between apex and cervical groove.Surface of carapace punctate, with minute tubercles laterally. Nolateral spines present. Cephalolateral margins each with one spinenear the anterior extremity of cervical groove.Abdomen slightly longer and slightly narrower than carapace.Anterior section of telson with two spines in each of the postero-lateral corners.Ventral surface of cephalothorax and third maxillipeds heavilybarbate.Epistome broader than long, margin elevated with two strong obtusemedian crenations and two weaker lateral crenations.Antennules of the usual form. A spine present on ventral side ofbasal segment.Antennae extending posteriorly about midway of the fourth ab-dominal segment.Antennal scale of moderate size, broadest anterior to middle, extend-ing to the tip of the second joint of peduncle of antennule, spine onouter margin strong.First pereiopod heavy. Setiferous punctations scattered over entirehand; inner margin of palm barbate (sometimes only the right). Asingle distinct dorsomedian ridge along both fingers. Outer marginof immovable finger with a distinct ridge.Movable finger: Inner margin with about 11 truncate or knobliketubercles; the distal half crowded with minute denticles. Mesialmargin with about 13 small tubercles irregularly arranged alongproximal half. Dorsal surface with a median ridge.Immovable finger : Inner margin with about 1 1 truncate or knobliketubercles ; the fourth from base and the eleventh largest ; the eleventhnot in line with the others but slightly more ventrad. Minute den-ticles crowded along the distal third. Outer margin bears a ridge witha single row of setose punctations on either side. Dorsal surface alsowith a median ridge.Carpus longer than wide, not so long as inner margin of palm ofchela, a shallow longitudinal groove above, inner side tuberculate,otherwise covered with setiferous punctations.Merus with scattered tubercles above and sparsely punctate laterallyand mesially; ventromesial margin with about 16 serrations; ventro-lateral margins with about 16 irregularly spaced tubercles; antero-oblique margin joining these with four tubercles.Ischiopodites of the third pereiopods hooked. Hooks simple,moderately strong; caudodorsal surface excavate.First pleopod extending to anterior margin of coxopodite of fourthpereiopod. Tip terminating m four distinct parts, as follows: The
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 409
mesial process, a subcylindrical, subulate, corneous one, extendscaudoventrally at about a 50? angle with the main shaft and doesnot extend beyond the rest of the terminal processes distally. Thecephalic process consists of a very low, noncorneous, knoblike structurebearing a terminal tuft of setae; extending from its mesial margin isa larger, corneous, triangular process which somewhat shields thecentral projection anteriorly. The central projection, entirely corne-ous, consists of two partially fused processes: A small centrocaudalprocess (contributed from the lateral base of the knoblike structure)smaller than the centrocephalic process and extending only abouthalfway to the tip of the latter; the centrocephalic process, somewhatcompressed laterally, arises from the center of the appendage, isdirected caudoventrally, and is distally deflected at about a rightangle with the main shaft. The caudal process is a large, corneous,fanlike structure situated along the distal posterolateral surface.Male (form II).?The second-form male differs from the first-formmale in a few minor details. Chiefly, the spiny parts are all reducedand the first pleopod bears no corneous tips.Female allotype.?Besides the sexual characters, the female showsthe following distinctive structures differing from those described inthe male: Chelae proportionally smaller; anterior section of telsonwith three spines in the left and two in the right posterolateral cor-ner; antennae broken but would scarcely have reached the posteriormargin of carapace; 8 to 10 spines irregularly spaced along inner sideof hand.Annulus ventrails movable ; sinus extending from middle of anteriormargin posteriorly about one-third of the length of the annulus,bends sharply to the left and slightly anteriorly, then curves gentlyto the right and posteriorly to the posterior margin, cutting it slightlyto the left of the midventral line. A distinct fossa is not present.Just posterior to the annulus a truncate spine is present on thesternum between the fifth pereiopods.Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.33, width 1.29,length 2.51 cm.; areola, width 0.14, length 0.76 cm.; rostrum, width0.45, length 0.60 cm.; abdomen, length 2.70 cm.; right chela, innermargin of palm 0.90, width of palm 0.90, length of outer margin ofhand 2.29, length of movable finger 1 .23 cm. The allotype: Carapace,height 1.28, width 1.18, length 2.54 cm.; areola, width 0.19, length0.76 cm.; rostrum, width 0.42, length 0.60 cm.; abdomen, length2.70 cm.; right chela, inner margin of palm 0.55, width of palm 0.52,length of outer margin of hand 1.40, length of movable finger 0.80 cm.Type locality.?A roadside ditch in the flatwoods 1 mUe east ofBonifay, Holmes County, Fla., on State Highway No. 1. About 50yards east of where I collected the type specimens is a cypress pondand swamp. Grasses, Drosera capillaris Poiret, Rhexia sp., and
410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.89pines are common. Many pine stumps are left, and their dead rootsmake it difficult to dig out the craj'^fish. The soil is a sandy-claymixture, and the burrows range from 1 to 2 feet deep. Most of theburrows occur in the banks of the ditch and extend about 1 footbelow the water table. The burrows are not simple but are lesscomplex than those of C. rogersi or many of the members of the sub-genus Camharus. Very seldom do they branch more than twice.Usually the burrows may be easily located by the small chimneysbuilt over the mouths. The specimens were collected on October25, 1937.The male holotype and the female allotype (No. 76593) and amale (form II) paratype are deposited in the United States NationalMuseum. Of the paratypes, a male (form I), a male (form II),and a female have been deposited m the Museum of ComparativeZoology; a male (form I), a male (form II), and a female in theUniversity of Michigan Museum of Zoology; a male (form I), a male(form II), and a female in the Charleston Museum; and 1 haveretained 6 males (form I), 12 males (form II), 24 females, 41 imma-ture females, and 29 immature males.Relationships.?Camharus hubbelU is probably more closely relatedto Camharus harhatus than to any described species of Camharus.Like Camharus harhatus, its areola is relatively broad, its rostrum iswithout lateral spines, and the inner margin of the chela is usuallybarbate; even the body build is similar. Camharus huhhelli bearshooks on the ischiopodites of only the third pereiopods, whereasCamharus harhatus has hooks on both the third and fourth, and thesexual characters of each are quite distinct.It is a pleasure to name this crayfish after Prof. T. H. Hubbell, ofthe University of Florida, who has so kindly aided me in my work onthe distribution of these animals, and whose advice and many valuablesuggestions have been of great help in my study of Florida crayfishes.CAMBARUS EILBYI, new speciesFigure 20Diagnosis.?Rostrum without spines. Areola relatively broad.Male with hooks on the ischiopodites of the third and fourth walldnglegs, and the chelae v/ithout beard on the inner margin of the palm.First pleopod of first-form male bearing all five processes; the mesialprocess, the largest, is heavy and spadelike.Male holotype (form I).?Body somewhat compressed laterally.Abdomen almost as broad as cephalothorax.Carapace in region of caudodorsal margin of cervical groove ^vithwidth slightly less than depth. Greatest width of carapace justposterior to middorsal point of cervical groove.
XEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORmA?HOBBS 411
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ^LUSEUM voc. 89Areola moderately broad and short, about six times as long asbroad, not depressed. Cephalic region of carapace about 3.2 timesas long as areola. Areola with two irregular rows and a few scatteredpunctations.Rostrum without lateral spines, subovate. Margins almost parallelfor a short distance at base, only slightly tapering up to apex whenthey suddenly converge to form a short tip. Apex short and small,reaching base of third segment of peduncle of antennule; upper surfaceplane, punctate, margins only slightly raised. Postorbital ridgestenninating anteriorly without spines and extending posteriorly morethan halfway between tip of rostrum and caudodorsal margin ofcervical groove.Surface of carapace punctate, and granulate ventrolaterally, espe-cially anterior to cervical groove. Lateral spines absent. Cephalo-lateral margms each \\ith a strong spine near anterior extremity ofcervical groove.Abdomen almost as broad as carapace and longer than cephalo-thorax. Anterior section of telson with two strong spines in each ofthe posterolateral corners.Epistome (in ventral view) with margins elevated and each sidewith two shallow emarginations.Antennules of the usual form. A spine present on the ventral sideof basal segment.Antennae extending posteriorly about midway of the secondabdominal segment.Antennal scale of moderate size, broadest in middle. Spine on tipof outer margin strong, extending to tip of rostrum.First pereiopod heavy, with setiferous tubercles dorsally andventromesially. Ventrolateral surface with setiferous punctations.A dorsomedian ridge on each finger, and a distinct ridge on lateralmargin of immovable finger. About nine tubercles present alonginner margin of palm.Movable finger: Inner margin with nine corneous, knobiike tuber-cles. Beginning proximaily, tubercles 2, 4, G, and 8 are largest.Between 5 and 6 and between 7 and 8 a small tubercle is presentdorsal to the row just mentioned; between tubercles 8 and 9 are threesmaller tubercles. Minute denticles scattered along inner margindistad of the fifth tubercle. Finger entirely setose-punctate. Dorso-median ridge prominent. Mesial margin with two small tuberclesalong proximal fifth.Immovable finger: Mesial margin with 10 knoblike tubercles. Theproximal 6 more corneous, and range in size m the following order:The third the largest; second, fourth, and fifth about the same size;first, sLxth, seventh, eighth, tenth, ninth, progressively smaller.Besides these a larger tubercle extends from the ventromesial margin
2s^EW CRAYFISHES FRO^t FLORIDA HOBBS 413
opposite the ninth tubercle, above which the movable finger passeswhen the fingers are brought together. Minute denticles are scatteredalong entire mesial margm. Lateral margin with a longitudinal ridge.Entire finger setose-punctate.Carpus longer than broad, not quite so long as inner margin of palmof chela. A sliallow, oblique, longitudinal groove above. Setose-punctate dorsally, laterally, and ventrally. Setose-tuberculatemesially.Merus with two spines on dorsodistal surface. xVbout 12 to 14tubercles on ventrolateral margin; about 13 tubercles on ventromesialmargin, and about 5 on anteroventral margin. Lateral and mesialsurface sparsely punctate. Ventral surface setose-punctate.Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods hooked. Hook onthird moderately strong; hook on fourth small and blunt. Caudo-ventral margin of hook on the thiixl rounded, cephalodorsal marginexcavate and setose.Fii-st pleopod reacliing coxopodite of tliird pereiopod and terminatingdistaily in four distinct parts, as follows: The mesial process, thelargest of the four, is a large corneous structure extending ventrally,bent posteriorly at about a 50? angle with the main shaft and extend-ing beyond the rest of the organ distaily. The cephalic process con-sists of a noncorneous, knoblike stiucture bearing a crest of hairs, andextending ventrally from the mesial margin of the knob is a small,slender, corneous, truncate spine. The central projection, a smallcorneous triangular process, compressed anteroposteriorly, consists oftwo fused processes: a centrocaudal process (contributed from theanterior process) forming the lateral part of the projection, and acentrocephalic process rising from the center of the tip and forming themesial part of the central projection. The caudal process is somewhatrounded and compressed laterally and extends in a ventrocaudaldirection bent at about a 45? angle with the main shaft.Male (form II).?Closely resembles the male of the first form butmuch less robust; less tuberculate, and all processes and spines greatlyreduced. Hooks on iscliiopodite of third pereiopod reduced almost tovestiges and absent on the fourth. Though all processes of the firstpleopod are present, none are corneous or so sharply defined as in themale, form I.Female allotype.?The female differs only slightly from the male.The chelae are not quite so heav3^ Epistome has been injured butnormal parts as in the first-form male. Annulus ventralis movableand small. Sinus originates on anterior border near midventral line,extends caudosinistrad, near midlength bends caudodextrad, thenturns gentlj" caudad to reach posterior margin at about midventralline. Posterior to the annulus, and between the fifth pereiopods, the
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM vol. S9sternum is modified into a small domelike structure that terminatesventrally in a truncate spine, the latter flanked by two or three smalltubercles.Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.30, width 1.24,length 2.55 cm.; areola, width 0.13, length 0.79 cm.; rostrum, length0.62, width 0.40 cm.; abdomen, length 2.99 cm.; right chela, innermargin of palm 0.80, width of palm 0.84, length of outer margin ofhand 1.99, length of movable finger 1.08 cm. The allotype: Carapace,height 1.18, width 1.15, length 2.31 cm.; areola, width 0.11, length0.68 cm.; rostrum length 0.54, width 0.39 cm.; abdomen, length 2.77cm.; right chela, inner margin of palm 0.56, width of palm 0.62,length of outer margin of hand 1.46, length of movable finger 0.83 cm.Type locality.?A small creek about 7 miles northwest of Blounts-town, Calhoun County, Fla., on State Highway No. 6. The waterhad a slight brownish tint and flowed through dense growth of sub-merged and emergent vegetation. The specimens were coUected onApril 17, 1937.The male holotype (form I) and the female allotype (No. 76594)and a male paratype (form II) are deposited in the United StatesNational Museum. Of the paratypes, a male (form I), a male (formII), and a female are deposited in the Museum of ComparativeZoology; a male (form I), a male (form II), and a female in the Uni-versity of Michigan Museum of Zoology; 5 males (form I), 10 males(form II), 5 females, 37 immature males, and 43 immature femalesare retained in tq.j own collection.Relationships.?Camharus kilbyi has its closest affinities with C.barbatus and C. hubbelli. The absence of marginal spines on the ros-trum, the relatively broad areola, and general body-build, which arecommon to aU three forms, point to a rather close relationship be-tween them. As in C. barbatus, hooks are present on the ischiopoditesof both the third and fourth pereiopods. The color pattern is almostidentical with that of C. hubbelli (i. e., a gray-greenish backgroundwith a light cream mediodorsal stripe and a lateral stripe of the samecolor on either side running the entire length of the body). Theabsence of a barbate condition along the inner margin of the palmof the chelae (in the male), however, distinguishes C. kilbyi.I take pleasure in naming this species for John D. Kilby, Resettle-ment Administration, Montgomery, Ala., in appreciation of assistanceand companionship on numerous collecting trips.CAMBARUS RATHBUNAE, new speciesFigure 21Diagnosis.?Rostrum without spines. Areola moderately broad.Maile with hooks on the ischiopodites of the third walking legs only,and the chelae without beard along the inner margin of the palm.
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?H0BB3 415
416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol 89First plcopod of first form male bearing all five processes; mesialprocess slender and extending distad of the other processes; caudalprocess is recurved distad and terminates in a point.Male holotype (form I).?Body somewhat compressed laterally;abdomen only sliglitly narrower than cephalothorax.Width of carapace in regio]i of caiidodorsal margin of cervicalgroove almost equal to deptli; greatest width immediately posteriorto caudodorsal margin of cervical groove.Areola moderately broad and short, with three irregular rowsof punctations, about 4.2 times as long as broad, not depressed.Cephalic region of carapace about 2.1 times as long as areola.Rostrum without lateral spines; margins slightly raised, its apexreacliing the base of tlie third segment of peduncle of antennuie;upper surface concave, punctate. Postorbital ridges terminate an-teriorl}'' without spines and extend posteriori}^ more than halfwaybetween tip of rostrum and caudodorsal margin of cervical groove.Surface of carapace punctate above, granulate lateraDy. No lateralspines present. Cephalolateral margins each with one spine nearanterior extremity of cervical groove.Abdomen almost as broad as carapace, longer than cephalothorax.Anterior section of telson with two strong spines in left and one inright posterolateral corners.Epistome with margins slightly elevated; shalloAvly scalloped (ter-minating medioanteriorly in a small blunt spine in some specimens,not, liowever, in the holotype).Antennules of usual form; a spine on ventral side of basal segment.Antennae extending posteriorly to l^ase of fourth abdominal segment.Antenna! scale of moderate size, broadest just anterior to middle.Spine on outer margin strong, extending to tip of rostrum.Right first pereiopod heavy. Palm setose-tuberculate; tuberclesalong mesiodorsal rt^gion large and bent distally. Distinct dorso-median ridge on both finger. Lateral ridge on each finger less welldeveloped. Twelve to 13 tubercles along inner margin of palm.Movable finger: Inner margm with 9 or 10 rounded tubercles, the4 proximal ones largest and of these the fourth, is the largest; minutedenticles along the distal tliird. Ventromesial and ventrolateralmargins setose-punctate. Mesial margin with 10 or 11 tubercles.Dorsomesial, proximal one-third and dorsolateral, proximal one-thirdwith tubercles; distal two-thirds setose-pinictatc.Immovable finger with five or six rounded tubercles on mesialmai-gin, the third the largest. Ventromesial surface with one largestrikingly corneous tubercle at base of distal tliird. Distal third withminute denticles. Finger setose-punctate otherwise.Carpus longer than broad; about equal in length to iimer marginof pahn of chela, and a shallow longitudinal groove above. Setose-
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORIDA?HOBBS 417punctate dorsolaterally.. lateraliy, and vontrallj-. Tuberculatc doi-so-mesially and mcsially.Mci-us with an irregular row of tuberolos (about 30) along dorsalmai^in. Ventrolateral margm with about 18 tubercles. Ventro-inesial row branching from the ventrolateral row mth about 6 tuber-cles. Ventromesial margin with about 21 tubercles; otherwise mostlyplane, spai-seiy setose-punctate.Ischiopodites of third pereiopods hooked. Caudoventral surface ofhook rounded, cephalodorsal surface excavate. Fourth pereiopodwith a sliallow groove on the ischiopodite, its raised margin suggest-ing a rudimentarj'- hook; the rounded tubercle distad of the groovevery poorly developed.First pleopod reaches the coxopodite of third pereiopods, the tipending in four distinct parts, as follows: The mesial process, a longcorneous spine, extending beyond the rest of the appendage distallyand bending slightly laterally; the cepliaUc process arising from theanteromesial part of the organ and forming a slender corneous spine;the central projection, an anteroposterior!}^ flattened, triangular process,extending distad beyond the cephalic process, and consisting of twoprocesses, a mesial or centrocephalic process arising from the centerof the appendage, and a lateral or centrocephalic process contributedfrom the lateral surface of the cephalic process; and the caudalprocess arising from the posterolateral surface and distally bendinganteriorly almost at a right angle with, the main shaft.Mah {form II).?Differs from the male of the first form in only afew minor points, chiefly in tlie smaller degree of accentuation of thetuberculatc and spiny portions. The complex arrangement of thefirst pleopod is much simplified and the caudal process is not evenpresent as a vestige. The anterior section of the telson bears twospmes in each posterolateral corner. A small median spine is presenton the middle anterior margin of epistome.Female allotype.?A reduced heaviness of the chelae is one of themost striking dissimilarities between the two sexes. Annulus vcn-trahs small, movable, wath large irregular tubercles on anterolateralsurfaces. The sinus, beginning slightly to the left of the midanteriormargin, curves gently to the right of the midventral line, then some-what more sharply to the left, again crossing the midventral line,where it then curves gently once more to the midposterior margin.Just posterior to the amiulus the sternum is modified into a small,trapezoidal, rounded plate, whose surface is broken by about sixtubercles; the two occupying tlie posterolateral corners are larger,more nearly spiniform, and are directed mcsially. Surface of sternum,immediately anterior to annulus unbroken, though the median troughis somewhat narrow with overhanging walls.
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.89Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.26, width 1.27,length 2.65 cm.; areola, width 0.20, length 0.84 cm.; rostrum, width0.35, length 0.51 cm.; abdomen, length 3.00 cm.; right chela, innermargin of palm 0.82, width of palm 0.85, outer margin of hand broken,length of movable finger 1.14 cm.; carpus of first pereiopod (right),length 0.82, width 0.61 cm. The allotype: Carapace, height 1.47,width 1.39, length 2.92 cm.; areola, width 0.20, length 0.97 cm.;rostrum, width 0.35, length 0.51 cm.; abdomen, length 3.29 cm.;right chela, inner margin of palm 0.66, width of palm 0.73, length ofouter margin of hand 1.78, length of movable finger 1.07 cm.; carpusof first pereiopod (right), length 0.76, width 0.50 cm.Type locality.?Near the Yellow River at Milligan, Okaloosa County,Fla., at intersection of State Highway No. 41 and U. S. Highway No.90. The crayfish were dug from simple burrows in the roadside ditches.The burrows ranged in depth from 1 to 2 feet, reachmg the water-table6 inches to a foot below the surface of the ground. Several of theburrows were open, though the majority of them were marked bylow, closed chimneys. The soil is a sandy-clay mixture, and theground is covered with a thick mat of grass. Some sections of theditch held water, but at this time most of it "was dry. The specimenswere collected on April 4, 1938.The male holotype (form I) and the female allotype (No. 76595)and a male paratype (form II) are deposited in the United StatesNational Museum. Of the paratypes, a male (form II) and a femalehave been deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; a male(form II) and a female in the University of Michigan Museum ofZoology; a male (form I), two males (form II), and six females havebeen retained in my own collection.Belationships.?A rostrum without lateral spines, a broad areola, anda rather short, thick body are characteristic of four Florida crayfishes:Cambarv^ barbatus, 0. hubbelli, C. kilbyi, and C. rathbunae. Peculiar toC. rathbunae and C. hubbelli is the presence of hooks on the ischiopo-dites of only the third pereiopod; however, in C. rathbunae the ischio-podites of the fourth pereiopods bear a tubercle which suggests arudimentary hook. Peculiar to C. rathbunae and C. kilbyi is the lackof the barbate condition on the palm of the chelae in the male. It isto be noted that the first pleopod of O. rathbunae is much more like thatof C. barbatus than that of C. hubbelli or C. kilbyi.It is a pleasure to name this species for Dr. Mary J. Rathbun,Associate in Zoology in the United States National Museum.
NEW CEAYFISHES FEOM FLORIDA?HOBBS 419CAMBAEUS PICTUS. new epeciesFigure 22Diagnosis.?Margins of rostrum with angular interruptions. Areolabroad. Male with hooks on the ischiopodites of the third and fourthwalking legs. First pleopod of first-form male bearing all five pro-cesses; caudal process consisting of three distinct parts?a caudolateralknob, a more mesial curved platelike structure partially enclosing thethird part, which is a small tootlilike structure.Male holotype (form I).?Carapace subovate, compressed laterally.Abdomen only slightlj'" narrower than cephalothorax. In region ofcaudodorsal margin of cervical groove, width slightly greater thand(!pth. Greatest width of carapace just posterior to caudodorsalmargin of cervical groove.Areola broad, length but slightly more than twice width, not de-pressed. Cephalic portion of carapace more than two and one-halftimes as long as areola. Punctations somewhat irregularly arranged,about nine in narrowest portion.Rostrum long, broad, sides parallel at base, converging gently to thelateral spines, which are opposite proximal part of second segment ofpeduncle of antennule and which mark the base of the long, narrowacumen. The distal end of the acumen opposite midlength of peduncleof antennule. Postorbital ridges terminating anteriorly in acutespines.Surface of carapace setose-punctate dorsall}^, and setose and finelygranulate laterally with a single strong lateral spine on each side.Cephalolateral margins each with one well-developed spine immedi-ately ventrad of anterior extremity of ceiwical groove, and a weaktubercle on margin, slightly dorsad of base of antennae.Abdomen longer than cephalothorax and only slightly narrower.Anterior section of telson wdth three and four spines in the right andleft posterolateral corners respectively.Epistome subtriangular in shape, heavily barbate, with marginsonly slightly raised.Antennules of usual form; a strong spine present on ventral surfaceof basal segment.Antennae extending to base of thii'd segment of abdomen.Antennal scale long, extending anteriorly beyond peduncle of an-tennule and tip of rostrum, broadest proximal to middle. Lateralmargins concave, terminating distally in strong, acute spines.First right pereiopod slender and long, about four times as long asbroad. Fingers not gaping. Inner margin of palm almost 1.4 timesas long as broad, with a row of about 10 small, regularly spaced tuber-cles. Entire palm setose-tuberculate, tubercles more crowded ondorsal surface. No distinct ridges on either finger. Mesial margin of
420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATION-U:. MUSEUM too. 89movable finger with a row of about 8 small tubercles along proximalthree-fifths. Lateral margin with only one small tubercle near base,but crowded with minute denticles along entire length. Dorsoprox-imal and ventroproximal surfaces with a few small tubercles, otherwisesetose-punctate.Carpus longer than wide: Ratio about 9:5, shorter than inner marginof chela, a very shallow longitudinal groove above, and entirelj'' tuber-culate. Tubercles on mesial and mesiodorsal surface larger and moreacute. Two sharp spines on anteroventral margin.Merus with a row of about 20 tubercles along dorsal margin, pro-gressively larger and more acute from proximal to distal margins.Distad of middle they are flanked by smaller ones. Lateral and mesialsurfaces sparsely punctate; about 14 spines along ventromesial margin,and 10 to 15 in an irregular row along ventrolateral margin. A row of3 tubercles (the more distad the largest) along the distal midventralmargin.Ischiopodites of the third and fom-th pereiopods hooked. Hooks onthe third simple, straight, extending back over the distal part of basio-podite. Hook on the fourth pereiopod approaches a trituberculatecondition. Basiopodite of the fourth pereiopod bears a large tubercleon the distomesial msrgin opposing the hook.First pleopod extending to middle of coxopodite of third pereiopod,a rounded hump on midposterior surface, and another at distal one-third of anteroraesial surface. Tip terminating in four distinct parts,as follows: The mesial process, which is long, slender, and spiniform,extends caudoventrally. The cephalic process, also spiniform, extendsin the same direction and extends distad of the other processes. Thecentral projection consists of two parts: The centrocaudal part con-tributed from the cephalic process, and the centrocephaiic processarising from the center of the appendage, the tv^'o fused into a small,acute, platelike structure and bent slightlj- more mesad and caudadthan the mesial and cephalic processes. The caudal process is made upof three parts: A larger, lateral, knoblike structure; a mesial plate-like structure, convex mesially; a small, acute, plateiilvo spme, whichrises from between the last two mentioned structures and extendsapproximately parallel to the mesial and cephalic processes and to thecentral projection, which exceed it distally. The central projectionand caudal processes are corneous.Male {form. II).?With reductions in most of the spiny and corneousportions disregarded, the description of the male, form I, is adequatefor the second-form male with the following exceptions: Anteriorsection of telson with four spines in each of the posterolateral corners
;
epistome with base angular, both sides slightly concave, spine onanterior edge not acute; first pleopod with no corneous tips and amuch-reduced caudal process, a small tubercle indicating the presence
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM J-LORIDA?HOBBS 421
422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM >^, 89
of the small acute platelike spine, the other two parts of this caudalprocess being represented by a rounded ridge across the postero-distal surface of the appendage.Female allotype.?Essentially^ like the male, form I, but rostnimextending beyond peduncle of antennule and right antennal scale;also extending anteriorly about the same distance as left antennalscale. Anterior section of telson with three spines in each postero-lateral corner. Epistome as in the male, form II. Merus of firstpereiopods with two very large acute spines on ventrolateral marginssurrounded by several smaller ones. Also one large acute spine onthe anterior mesioventral surface.Annulus ventralis subelliptical. Two prominent ridges directedobliquely, posterolaterally on anteroventral surface. Sinus arisesslightly back of anterior edge along the midventral line, curvesimmediately to the left, then gently back to the midventral line,where it extends posteriorly, bisecting a rather large tubercle whichextends caudad from the main body of the annulus. The sternumimmediately posterior to the annulus is modified into a semiellipticalstructure with a raised anterior margin bearmg many small tubercles.Between the third and fourth pereiopods along the midventral lineis a small subovate structure (resembling vaguely the annulus) bear-ing several ridges and depressions. In the same relative positionbetween the second and third pereiopods is a large, bituberculatestructure projecting ventrally.Measurements.?The holotype: Carapace, height 1.69, width 1.65,length 3.73 cm.; areola, width 0.42, length 1.12 cm.; rostrum, width0.58, length 1.25 cm.; abdomen, length 4.25 cm.; right chela, innermai'gin of palm 1.30, width of palm 0.71, length of outer margin ofhand 2.71, length of movable finger 1.41 cm.; carpus of right firstpereiopod, length 0.96, width 0.54 cm. The allotype: Carapace,height 1.29, width 1.29, length 2.92 cm.; areola, width 0.32, length0.75 cm.; rostrum, width 0.50, length 1.06 cm.; abdomen, length 3.33cm.; right chela, inner margin of palm 0.60, width of palm 0.45,length of outer margin of hand 1.44, length of movable finger 0.81cm.; carpus of right first pereiopod, length 0.60, width 0.37 cm.Type locality.?A small, swift swamp stream about 2 miles south-west of Green Cove Springs, Clay County, Fla., on Highway No. 48.The specimens were collected on April 23, 1938.The male holotype (form I) and the female allotype (No. 76596)and a male paratype (form II) are deposited in the United StatesNational Museum. Of the paratypes, a male (form I), a male (formII), and a female have been deposited in the Museum of Compara-tive Zoology; a male (form I) and a female in the University ofMichigan Museum of Zoology; five males (form I), one male (form
NEW CRAYFISHES FROM FLORmA?HOBBS 423
II), five females, and one immature male have been retained in myown collection.Relationships.?Cambarus pictus probabl}'" has its closest affinitieswith C. pubescens. The following characters are common to both ofthese species: A broad, short areola; a long, slender antennal scale;a single weU-developed lateral spine on the carapace; a long acumenon the rostrum; a telson with three or four spines in the postero-lateral comers of the anterior sections; and similar hooks on theischiopodites of both the third and fourth pereiopods. Accompany-ing these similarities is the striking resemblance in the first pleopodsof the males.Despite these close similarities, the males of the two species maybe separated by diflerences in the terminal processes of the firstpleopods. In the females of Cambarus pubescens the portion of thesternum inmiediatelj'' anterior to the annulus is modified into pairedprominences, arising on each side of the midventral line and extend-ing posteriorly and ventrally toward the annulus, whereas the sternumof C. pictus in this region is practically plane. Differences in thechelae of both sexes are also noticeable.LITERATURE CITEDFaxon, Walter.1898. Observations on the Astacidae in the United Sta.tes National Museumand in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions ofnew species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 643-694, pis.62-70.1914. Notes on the crayfishes in the United States National Museum andthe Museum of Comparative Zoology with descriptions of newspecies and subspecies to which is appended a catalogue of the knownspecies and subspecies. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 40, No. 8,pp. 351-427, pie. 1-13.Hahris, J. Arthur.1903. An ecological catalogue of the crayfishes belonging to the genus Cam-bams. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 2, No. 3 (whole series vol. 12,No. 3), pp. 51-187, pis. 1-5.HOBBS, HORTON H., Jr.1938. Two new crawfishes from Florida. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci., vol. 2,pp. 90-91.LONKBERG, EiNAR.1894a. Cambarids from Florida, a new blind species. Zool. Anz., vol. 17,No. 444, pp. 125-127.1894b. Cambarids from Florida. A new blind species, Cambarus acherontismihi. Bihang Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 20, Afd. 4, No. 1,pp. 3-14, 1 pi.Ortmanx, Arnold Edward.1902. The geographical distribution of freshwater decapods and its bearingupon ancient geography. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 41, No. 171,pp. 267-400, figs. 1-8.1905. The mutual affinities of the species of the genus Cambarus, and theirdispersal over the United States. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 44,No. ISO, pp. 91-136, pi. 3. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940