The Old World Stenomidae:
A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna,
Notes on Relationships,
and Revision of the Genus Eriogenes
(Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)
W. DONALD DUCKWORTH
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 147
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y ? N U M B E R 147
The Old World Stenomidae:
A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna,
Notes on Relationships,
and Revision of the Genus Eriogenes
(Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)
W. Donald Duckworth
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1973
ABSTRACT
Duckworth, W. Donald. The Old World Stenomidae: A Preliminary Survey of
the Fauna, Notes on Relationships, and Revision of the Genus Eriogenes (Lepi-
doptera: Gelechioidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 147,
21 pages, 9 figures, 7 maps, 1973.?A preliminary review of the presently known
composition of the microlepidopterous family Stenomidae in the Old World is
provided, including observations on distribution of the family, relationships
with other families in the superfamily Gelechioidea, and a catalog of the Old
World genera and species. The genus Eriogenes is revised and transferred from
the Xyloryctidae to the Stenomidae, and one new species is described.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded
in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4777. SERIES COVER
DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Duckworth, W. Donald, 1935-
The Old World Stenomidae.
(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 147)
Bibliography: p.
1. Stenomidae . I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to
zoology, no. 147.
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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,
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The Old World Stenomidae:
A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna,
Notes on Relationships,
and Revision of the Genus Eriogenes
(Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)
W. Donald Duckworth
Introduction
For many years the microlepidopterous family
Stenomidae has been viewed as a uniquely New
World family with little, if any, representation in
the Old World fauna. The development of this
concept is difficult to trace precisely; however, to
a large extent it stems from the confusion among
earlier workers over the relationship between the
Stenomidae and the closely related family Xyloryc-
tidae coupled with a lack of detailed studies deal-
ing with either family.
Although both families were originally proposed
by Edward Meyrick, his concepts concerning them
fluctuated through the years primarily due to his
steadfast refusal to utilize characters other than
wing venation for his higher classification. This
dependance on a single character source led to
numerous misconceptions, particularly with the
higher categories. As the venational characters he
originally used to separate the xyloryctids and
stenomids began to break down with the continu-
ing discovery and description of new species, Mey-
rick (1915) merged the two families under the
older name Xyloryctidae. From this point he pro-
W. Donald Duckworth, Department of Entomology, National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20560.
ceeded during the remainder of his lifetime to de-
scribe hundreds of species from both the Old and
New World tropics under the family Xyloryctidae.
Other workers, principally August Busck, con-
tinued to utilize the original two-family concept
placing the New World species and genera in
Stenomidae. This geographical distinction was
further emphasized by Busck (1934) when in his
Stenomidae portion of the Lepidopterorum Cata-
logus series he only included genera and species
from the New World. Thus, through omission,
the genera and species from areas other than North
and South America remained largely unknown and,
until the present, uncataloged. In addition, the
Xyloryctidae (sensu stricto) have never been cata-
loged and remain essentially unstudied.
In recent years a number of papers have reflected
the distinctiveness of the two families; however,
due to the nature of the studies (faunistic, type
catalog) they do not provide a sufficiently clear
picture of the two families to serve as a basis for
future studies. Clarke (1955a) provides a thorough
account of Meyrick's treatment of xyloryctids and
stenomids in his introductory material to the cata-
log of Meyrick types; however, his detailed treat-
ment (1955b) of the type specimens does not
include species from Australia where the majority
of xyloryctids and Old World stenomids occur.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Diakonoff (1954) provided a complete and ac-
curate definition of the two families based on his
study of the Microlepidoptera of New Guinea. His
descriptions coupled with those of Common (1970)
based on the Australian fauna provide the most
comprehensive characterization of the two families
yet published. Both studies, however, are restricted
in scope and the latter provides only fragmentary
information below family level.
During the course of revisionary studies of the
Western Hemisphere Stenomidae conducted by the
present author in recent years, the lack of infor-
mation concerning the Old World elements of the
family has presented increasing difficulties, par-
ticularly in relation to higher category relation-
ships and evolutionary trends. The present paper
is intended to provide a partial remedy to this
situation and, more importantly, to serve as a start-
ing point for more comprehensive studies. An at-
tempt has been made to provide as complete a
catalog as possible of the previously described taxa
that have been assigned to the family or that have
been determined to be more appropriately placed
in the family. No finality is suggested for this cata-
log, rather it is anticipated that numerous modifi-
cations will become necessary as additional
information is obtained.
A detailed revision of the genus Eriogenes Mey-
rick is included and represents the first step toward
a more thorough understanding of the Old World
stenomid fauna and its relation to the remainder
of the family. Previously assigned to the Xylorycti-
dae, the genus is herein transferred to the Stenomi-
dae and a new species is described.
The comments which follow concerning the re-
lationships between the Xyloryctidae and Stenomi-
dae, as well as the statements concerning the
distribution of the Old World fauna, are prelimi-
nary. A great deal more work remains to be ac-
complished, especially at the generic and specific
levels, before more precise evaluations can be made.
In the meantime, it seems appropriate to bring
together as much of the existing information as
possible in order to facilitate future studies.
The author wishes to acknowledge with gratitude
the aid and cooperation of the following individ-
uals and institutions who, through their support
and encouragement, have materially aided the pres-
ent study: Mr. Allan Watson, Mr. P. E. S. Whalley,
Dr. Klaus Sattler, British Museum (Natural His-
tory); Dr. J. F. Franclemont, Cornell University;
Dr. I. F. B. Common, Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Aus-
tralia, for lending types and other specimens in
their charge for study. Special thanks are extended
to Dr. Ian F. B. Common, C. S. I. R. O., Canberra,
Australia and Mr. John S. Dugdale, Department
of Scientific & Industrial Research, Nelson, New
Zealand, for their aid in documenting the stenomid
fauna of their respective areas.
The author also wishes to acknowledge the as-
sistance of Mr. George Venable, departmental il-
lustrator, for the artwork; Mrs. Vera Milbank, tech-
nician, for bibliographic assistance; and the
National Museum of Natural History Photographic
Laboratory for the photographs.
Classification and Relationships
The greatest difficulty encountered in attempting
to define the family Stenomidae is the lack of
knowledge concerning the two most closely related
families, Xyloryctidae and Oecophoridae. Fortu-
nately, at least for purposes of the present study,
the stenomids are relatively distinct morpholog-
ically, and while the oecophorids and xyloryctids
are yet to be clearly separated from each other,
it is possible to distinguish the stenomids from
them to a satisfactory degree and to indicate cer-
tain relationships.
The Stenomidae are distinguished by the follow-
ing combination of characters: labial palpus up-
curved, generally robust, apical segment usually
shorter than second segment; antenna long-ciliated
in the male, scape without pecten; ocelli absent;
maxillary palpus 4-segmented, usually partially
encircling base of proboscis; forewing with veins 7
and 8 (R4 and R5) usually separate, vein 2 (CuA2)
usually arising at or near lower angle of discal cell;
hind wing with vein 8 (Sc -j- R-i) approaching 7
(Rs), or 7 (R,) curved upward near upper angle
of discal cell, veins 6 (M-,) and 7 (Rs) usually
stalked; abdomen without spines on terga; male
genitalia with harpe simple to complex, bearing
specialized setae which are frequently bifurcate
apically.
As pointed out by Hodges (1966) many of the
genera currently assigned to the Xyloryctidae ap-
NUMBER 147
pear to be improperly placed, and until the family
is carefully studied it is impossible to provide an
accurate analysis of family limits; however, in my
opinion, the following characters provide the most
satisfactory definition possible at this time: labial
palpus upcurved; antenna simple, ciliated or pec-
tinated in male, scape without pecten; maxillary
palpus 3- or 4-segmented, usually partially en-
circling base of proboscis; forewing with veins 7
and 8 (R4 and R5) usually stalked, vein 2 (CuA2)
arising well before lower angle of discal cell; hind
wing with vein 8 (Sc -|- Kt) separate and diverging
from 7 (R,) well before upper angle of discal cell,
veins 6 (Mj) and 7 (Rg) approximated, connate
or stalked; abdomen with spines on posterior half
of terga or along posterior margins; male genitalia
with harpe usually simple, without specialized
setae.
Diakonoff (1954) presented virtually the only
discussion of the relationships between the Steno-
midae and Xyloryctidae to be found in the modern
literature. His conclusions were based primarily
on the New Guinea fauna and thus do not neces-
sarily define either family in relation to their total
range and composition. In fact, there is evidence
which indicates that he did not always adhere to
his family definitions for placement of the New
Guinea genera. For example, the genus Eriogenes,
revised and transferred to the Stenomidae in the
present study, was included in the Xyloryctidae by
Diakonoff (1954:127) with the following comment:
"Meyrick regarded this genus to be related with
Agriophara (Stenomidae) which is certainly er-
roneous. The insect is a true Xyloryctid, is in our
opinion, allied to Cryptophasa, and does not show
any connections with the Stenomidae." In fact,
thorough study of the genus reveals that Eriogenes
agrees in every respect with the characters Dia-
konoff lists as distinctive for the Stenomidae and,
as discussed elsewhere in the present paper, demon-
strates a closer relationship with the Neotropical
stenomids than to any portion of the Old World
fauna recognized to date.
As discussed in the introduction, the confusion
concerning the families Xyloryctidae and Stenomi-
dae has a long history and involves personalities
as well as evaluation of characters. Personalities no
longer intrude into the problem; however, the rela-
MAP 1.?Generalized distribution of Old World Stenomidae.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
MAP 2.?Distribution of Agriophara species (type-localities only): I, A. asaphes Diak.; 2,
A. atratella (Wlk.); 3, A. axesta Meyr.; 4, A. biornata Diak.; 5, A. bradleyi Diak.; 6, A. capnodes
Meyr.; 7, A. Cinderella (Newman); 8, A. cinerosa Rosenstock; 9, A. confertella (Wlk.); 10,
A. cremnopis Lower; 11, A. curta Lucas; 12, A. diminuta Rosenstock; 13, A. discoloba Turner;
14, A. dyscapna Turner; 15, A. fascifera Meyr.; 16, A. gravis Meyr.; 17, A. heterchrotna Diak;
18, A. horridula Meyr.; 19, A. hylinota Lower; 20, A. leptosemela Lower; 21, A. leucanthes
Turner; 22, A. leucosta Turner; 23, A. levis Meyr.; 24, A. lysimacha Meyr.; 25, A. musicolor
Meyr.; 26, A. neoxantha Meyr.; 27, A. nephelopa Diak.; 28, A. nodigera Turner; 29, A. parallela
Diak.; 30, A. parilis Meyr.; 31, A. phasmatopa (Meyr.); 32, A. plagiosema Turner; 33, A. platyscia
Lower; 34, A. poliopepla Turner; 35, A. polistis (Lower); 36, A. salinaria Meyr.; 37, A. tephrop-
tera Lower; 38, A. virescens Diak.; 39, A. coricopa (Meyr.).
tive uncertainty over supergeneric classification, not
only in these two families but throughout the
Gelechioidea, continues to be the major obstacle
to a better understanding of their interrelation-
ships and distribution in the world fauna. Hodges
(1966) and Powell (1973) have discussed this
problem in relation to their studies of the gele-
chiids and ethmiids, respectively, and both
emphasize the need for increased elucidation of
suprageneric taxa within the Gelechioidea on a
world basis.
Geographical Distribution
A generalized diagram of the distribution of Old
World stenomids is provided in Map 1. The pat-
terns shown are based only on type-localities to
avoid errors of misidentification in those groups
not studied in detail. Maps 2-6 indicate the pre-
cise species localities for the various genera again
based on type-localities only. Map 7 provides the
total known distribution of the genus Eriogenes
and is discussed in detail in the treatment of that
genus.
NUMBER 147
KRAI O - * ^ . ^
AA AUSTRALIA
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N iT
i
fa.
1314 >! .
K
A
? \
y
* ?
*
f ^V ? *
1 2 34J,
12 /
MAP 3.?Distribution of Phylomictis, Aproopta, Proscedes, and Nothochalara species (type-
localities only): 1, Ph. arctans Lucas; 2, Ph. decretoria Lucas; 3, Ph. eclecta Turner; 4, Ph.
idiotricha Meyr.; 5, Ph. leucopelta Lower; 6, Ph. lintearia Meyr.; 7, Ph. maligna Meyr.; 8, Ph.
monochroma Lower; 9, Ph. obliquata Lucas; 10, Ph. palaeomorpha Turner; 11, Ph. sarcinopa
Meyr.; 12, A. metanchlaena Turner; 13, Pr. torquigera Diak.; 14, N. sordida Diak.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of the dis-
tribution shown in Map 1 is the obvious absence
of records from most of the Oriental Region. This
reflects, of course, the serious lack of collecting of
Microlepidoptera accomplished to date in this im-
portant area. The impact of our ignorance of the
Oriental Region, as it relates to Microlepidoptera,
is brought into focus when it is realized that there
is increasing evidence, convincingly summarized
and elaborated by Smith (1970), that the original
center of distribution of flowering plants (angio-
sperms) was, in all probability, southeastern Asia
and adjacent Malesia. Viewed in conjunction with
the probability that the Order Lepidoptera owes
its diversity and success to the development of the
flowering plants, information concerning the
Microlepidoptera from the Oriental Region be-
comes basic to an understanding of the origin and
dispersal of the group. Thus, it seems reasonable
to assume that until additional field sampling is
achieved, any comments concerning relationships
in the Old World Microlepidoptera are exceed-
ingly tenuous.
With the previous statements in mind, it seems
to me appropriate to examine the currently known
distribution of the Old World stenomid fauna,
albeit imperfect, and to consider possible explana-
tions for the patterns observed.
When the various localities are examined in de-
tail a definite tropical character to the distribution
of Old World stenomids emerges. Also, most of the
localities are in areas of tropical rain forest or
tropical montane forest as defined by Eyre (1968)
with the exception of southeastern Australia. This
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
4.?Distribution of Synchalara and Neospastis species (type-localities only).
? 5. argoplaca (Meyr.) 3 S. rhombota (Meyr.)
? S. byrsina (Meyr.) Q N. calipidias Meyr.
+ S. malacobryas Meyr. D N. encryphias (Meyr.)
? S. minax (Meyr.) it N. ichnaea (Meyr.)
pattern coincides with observations on the Neo-
tropical stenomid fauna (Duckworth, 1969, 1971)
and, in my opinion, it is in this type of habitat
that stenomids have flourished and achieved their
initial diversification in both the Old and New
World. Secondary penetration of dryer habitats has
occurred but appears to be less important to the
overall family dispersal. The best example of this
pattern can be seen in the genera from Madagascar
(Maps 5 and 6) where only one species is described
from the western savanna area, the remainder oc-
curring in the tropical forests which extend along
the eastern portion of the island.
A great deal more study at the generic level must
be accomplished before additional interpretation
of Old World stenomid distributions can be made.
The one genus which has been examined in detail
during the present study, Eriogenes, does indicate
a distinct relationship between the Old and New
World elements of the family and, furthermore,
appears to possess characteristics reflective of an
ancestral condition. If this is found to be the case
for other Old World genera, especially in the
Southeast Asia-Malesia area, it would seem likely
that the generalized model of angiosperm distribu-
tion proposed by Smith (1970) would hold true
for stenomids as well. In the case of stenomid en-
try into the New World, data at this point would
appear to favor Smith's southern route along east-
ern Australia and the New Caledonian-New Zea-
land insular chain into the West Antarctic
Archipelago and, utilizing island stepping stones,
into South America. There is no evidence, at this
point, which suggests a route crossing Beringia to
the north; the Nearctic stenomid fauna appears to
have originated in the Neotropical Region and is
only marginally successful in temperate habitats
(Duckworth, 1971).
NUMBER 147
MAP 5.?Distribution of Herbulotiana species (type-localities
only): 1, H. abceda Viette; 2, H. benoistella Viette; 3,
H. bernardiella Viette; 4, H. bicolorata Viette; 5, H. catala-
ella Viette; 6, H. collectella Viette; 7, H. halarcta (Meyr.);
8, H. longifascia Viette; 9, H. paulianella Viette; 10, H. rung-
sella Viette; 11, H. vadonella Viette; 12, H. violacea Viette;
13, H. atypicella Viette; 14, H. robustella Viette; 15, H. alti-
tudinella Viette; 16, H. septella Viette.
MAP 6.?Distribution of Amontes, Mocquerysiella, and
Mnarolitia species (type-localities only).
? A. princeps Viette ? Afn. paulianellum Viette
D Mo. albicosta Viette * Afn. sylvestrella Viette
O Mo. bourginella Viette
Revision of the Genus Eriogenes Meyrick
The genus Eriogenes was established by Meyrick
(1925) with a single included species, E. meso-
gypsa, with the indication that it was apparently
closely related to Agriophara. Diakonoff (1954)
included Eriogenes in the family Xyloryctidae in
his study of the New Guinea Microlepidoptera,
noting that Meyrick's placement of the genus as a
relative of Agriophara (Stenomidae) was in error.
Contrary to that opinion, in the present study it
has been determined that Eriogenes is, in fact, more
appropriately placed in the Stenomidae and shows
no relationship to the xyloryctids in any character
other than gross superficial appearance. In addi-
tion, detailed study of the morphological charac-
ters within the genus, particularly the genitalia,
suggest a relationship to certain genera in the Neo-
tropical portion of the family.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
MORPHOLOGY
Superficially, the members of this genus are large,
robust, densely scaled moths which resemble cer-
tain noctuids, or some of the larger xyloryctids such
as Cryptophasa, in general appearance. Although
comprised of only two species, the genus exhibits a
number of morphological characters worthy of spe-
cial emphasis.
HEAD.?In both species the eye index is 1.0 or
greater, ranging from 1.0 to 1.3, suggesting that
these moths are nocturnal in adult activity pat-
terns. For additional discussion of the eye index
and its significance refer to Duckworth (1971) and
Powell (1973). The maxillary palpi are 4-
segmented. The labial palpi are 3?segmented; the
apical segment is reduced and variable in size and
shape between the two species. The proboscis is
reduced and hidden between the basal segments of
the labial palpi when in the normal coiled posi-
tion.
THORAX.?The thorax is very robust and clothed
laterally and ventrally with long hair scales. The
wing venation is homogeneous and no characters
of specific significance were observed. The occur-
rence of a cross vein between the upper edge of the
cell and vein 8 (Sc -f- R^) in the hind wing, men-
tioned by Diakonoff (1954), is variable and not a
dependable character at either the generic or spe-
cific level.
ABDOMEN.?No structures of generic significance
were observed on abdominal segments 1-8. Per-
haps the most notable aspect of this area of the
body is the absence of secondary sexual structures,
with the exception of a small eversible ventral
pouch covered with a small mass of erectile hair
scales in the intersegmental membrane between
segments 7 and 8 in E. meyricki.
MALE GENITALIA.?By far, the most significant
and intriguing structural characters in this genus
are found in the male genitalia. The harpe con-
sists of a simple lobe rather uniformly clothed over
the apical half with specialized setae. These spe-
cialized setae are broadened and multilobed api-
cally, the number of lobes varying but apparently
always more than two. The uncus is large, broadly
articulated with the tegumen basally, and some-
what recurved near the midpoint. The gnathos is
pendulous and produced into a heavily sclerotized
plate apically. The anellus consists of a simple
plate with two lateral lobes. Both the shape of
the gnathal plate and the size and shape of the
lateral lobes of the anellus vary between the two
species and serve to distinguish them specifically.
The aedeagus is produced apically, and the vesica
is armed with cornuti in E. meyricki and unarmed
in E. eriogenes.
FEMALE GENITALIA.?No female specimens are
known for the species in this genus.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
This genus is presently known to occur only in
New Guinea and adjacent islands, including Ceram
in the Moluccas (Map 7). The lack of records for
the two species of Eriogenes seriously restricts any
effort to analyze distribution patterns or to project
ranges in any definitive fashion. The absence of
biological data, especially host plant information,
further complicates matters and renders all ob-
servations made at this point tentative.
The most interesting aspect of the distribution
patterns for the two species of Eriogenes is the di-
vergence from mainland New Guinea into different
adjacent island groups. E. meyricki is recorded
from Ceram in the southern Moluccas, the Central
Range on mainland New Guinea, and throughout
the Bismark Archipelago. On the other hand, E.
mesogypsa extends from the Idenburg River in
West Irian, southeastward into the D'Entrecasteau
and Louisiade island groups. Similar patterns have
been noted for butterflies (Zeuner, 1943; Car-
penter, 1953) and they appear to correlate with the
geological history of New Guinea (Toxopeus,
1950; Holloway and Jardine, 1968).
In the Miocene the northern ranges of New
Guinea were a part of a "Melanesian arc" of islands
which included the North Moluccas and Talaud
Islands to the west and the Bismarck and Solomon
Islands to the east. Farther south, land which now
constitutes the central range of New Guinea ap-
peared in late Miocene, well isolated from the
Melanesian arc. During the Pliocene-Pleistocene
further uplifting occurred in the central range and
gradually the central and northern ranges were
joined. Other portions of New Guinea (e.g., Vogel-
kop) undoubtably existed as separate islands dur-
ing the Pleistocene. Thus, the butterfly fauna, as
NUMBER 147
MAP 7.?Distribution of Eriogenes species.
E. mesogypsa Meyr ? E. meyricki Duckworth
analyzed by Holloway and Jardine (1968) reflects
three faunal elements; one-third endemic, one-third
with Sunda-based affinities, and one-third Mela-
nesian. They further conclude that this hetero-
geneity results from the Melanesian and endemic
elements having risen separately through dispersal
from Asia into the Melanesian arc and into the
formerly separate southern part of New Guinea
since the Miocene. Although insufficient data are
available to confirm or reject a similar pattern in
Eriogenes, it is interesting to note that E. meyricki
displays a "Melanesian" pattern and E. mesogypsa
appears to be more "endemic" in distribution.
The currently known distribution of the genus
also suggests the possibility that species of Erio-
genes may occur farther west into Indonesia. This
area is virtually unknown insofar as Microlepidop-
tera are concerned (Diakonoff, 1954) and undoubt-
ably served as a major point of dispersal to the
New Guinea region.
Available data suggest the possibility of a sig-
nificant altitudinal difference for the two species
of Eriogenes. E. mesogypsa is much the better
documented species in this regard and appears to
occur at lower elevations up to approximately 2500
feet. One record, from Goodenough Island, indi-
cates a range in elevation from 2500 feet to 4000
feet; however, the consistency of other records
would suggest that this specimen was probably cap-
tured at the lower limits of this range. Also, there
is a specimen from the Jimmi River, in the Western
Highlands, with an altitude record of 4700 feet.
This appears to be an error in that the Jimmi
River is situated in a low valley at an elevation
generally less than 2500 feet. At one point, ac-
cording to Gressitt (1956), the river elevation is
460 meters (1508 ft). E. meyricki, on the other
hand, is recorded from Ceram at an elevation of
4600 feet, Telefomin in central New Guinea at
4500 to 5500 feet, and the other specimens from
Rook, St. Matthias and New Britain Islands are
without elevation data. Rook Island has eleva-
tions above 2500 feet and thus the potential for
correlation; however, St. Matthias is a much lower
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
island and would not appear to fit the concept.
Yet Hartert (1924), in a paper on the birds of St.
Matthias, indicates the island consists of a relatively
high plateau (2130 ft) partly covered with thick
forest which might be suitable habitat for species
that occur at greater altitudes on the higher islands.
CLASSIFICATION AND RELATIONSHIPS
Although a great deal of the Old World steno-
mid fauna remains to be studied in detail, and
undoubtably is yet to be discovered, the genus
Eriogenes is of considerable significance in that it
appears to be more closely related morphologically
to the Neotropical genus Chlamydastis and its allies
than to any Old World genus. As pointed out in
a previous paper (Duckworth, 1971), Chlamydastis
and several related genera seem to constitute a
major division within the family, characterized, in
part, by their possession of multilobed, palmate-
type specialized setae on the harpe in the male
genitalia. Eriogenes has a less specialized type of
multilobed setae on the harpe, which suggests the
possibility that it represents a more primitive stage
in the development of this character. In addition,
virtually every structure of the male genitalia dem-
onstrates both a relationship with Chlamydastis
and a more generalized character state than is
found in that genus. For example, in Chlamydastis
the specialized setae are restricted to the outer cos-
tal margin of the harpe, there is a tendency for
reduction in the length of the uncus, the harpe
shows a tendency to divide into a costal lobe and
saccular lobe, and the gnathos may be long and
pendulous or entirely absent. In Eriogenes the
specialized setae are uniformly distributed over the
apical half of the harpe, the uncus is very long,
the harpe is a large simple lobe, and the gnathos
is long and pendulous. Thus, in each of these
structures, a clear relationship exists between the
genera in terms of similarities of structure, with
Eriogenes possessing less reduction and modifica-
tion than Chlamydastis. After consideration of
these and other characters (e.g., maculation and
venation), Eriogenes, in my opinion, represents a
distinct link between the Old and New World
stenomid faunas and possibly displays character-
istics reflective of an ance'stral condition.
Genus Eriogenes Meyrick
Eriogenes Meyrick, 1925:159. [Type-species: Eriogenes
mesogypsa Meyrick by monotypy.]
Head densely scaled, lateral tufts raised. Male
antenna heavily ciliated ventrally, slightly fascicu-
late. Labial palpus recurved, not reaching vertex,
thickened with heavy scaling. Proboscis reduced,
concealed between labial palpi; maxillary palpus
4?segmented. Thorax and abdomen densely cov-
ered with long hair scales. Legs with all tibia and
tarsi expanded with hair scales. Forewing with
costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen
oblique, tornus rounded; with 12 veins, all sepa-
rate, discal cell extending beyond midpoint, 2
(CuA2) from end of cell, 7 (R5) to termen. Hind
wing broader than forewing; with 8 veins, 3 and 4
(CuAj and M3) connate, 6 and 7 (Mx and R s)
connate, upper edge of cell curved upward toward
vein 8 (Sc -f- Rx) at apical four-fifths.
MALE GENITALIA.?Uncus simple, curved slightly
ventrad from middle; gnathos pendulous, fused
apically forming gnathal plate; harpe simple, apical
half clothed with apically multilobed specialized
setae; anellus with lateral lobes; vinculum fused;
Key to the Species of Eriogenes
BASED ON EXTERNAL FEATURES
Apical segment of labial palpus one-third to one-half the length of second segment; forewing
with discal spot on outer margin of median white fascia E. mesogypsa Meyrick
Apical segment of labial palpus less than one-third the length of second segment; discal spot
within median white fascia E. meyricki, new species
BASED ON THE MALE GENITALIA
Anellus with lateral lobes long, falciform; vesica of aedeagus without cornuti
E. mesogypsa Meyrick
Anellus with lateral lobes short, truncate; vesica of aedeagus with cornuti
E. meyricki, new species
NUMBER 147 11
FIGURES 1-4.?Head, legs, genitalia morphology: 1, caudolateral view of head of E. mesogypsa;
2, legs of E. mesogypsa; 3, male genitalia of E. mesogypsa (left harpe removed) ; 4, male
genitalia of E. meyricki (left harpe removed) .
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
aedeagus produced apically, vesica of aedeagus with
or without cornuti.
FEMALE GENITALIA.?Unknown.
DISCUSSION.?This genus is readily separated
from other Old World stenomid genera by the re-
duced proboscis, distinctive maculation of the fore-
wings, robust thorax and abdomen covered with
long hair scales, and distinctive male genitalia. In
the latter, the long uncus, pendulous gnathos, and
simple harpe with multilobed specialized setae are
characteristic.
No female specimens of species in this genus are
known and, consequently, it is impossible to pro-
vide distinguishing characteristics based on struc-
tures of the female genitalia.
Eriogenes mesogypsa Meyrick
FIGURES 1-3, 5-8; MAP 7
Eriogenes mesogypsa Meyrick, 1925:159.
Alar expanse 30-35 mm.
Antenna with scape light brown suffused with
white, shaft light brown dorsally. Head dark brown
medially, whitish tufts posterior to antennae, face
brown suffused with white; labial palpus dark
brown, apical segment and apex of second segment
sprinkled with white, apical segment one-third to
one-half the length of second segment. Thorax and
tegulae brown suffused with white dorsally. Legs
white shaded with light brown; foreleg with coxa
overcast with pale brown; femur, tibia, tarsi over-
cast with dark brown; midleg with tarsi brown;
hind leg with tarsi white. Abdomen light brown to
white. Forewing brown, darker basally, a median,
triangulate, white fascia from costa to dorsum,
discal spot dark brown on outer margin of white
fascia, apical third brown along costa suffused
with white toward tornus, a faint, outwardly curved
brown line from costal three-fourths to tornus,
cilia with interrupted brown line basally, white
beyond. Hind wing light brown to white, cilia
light brown basally, white beyond.
MALE GENITALIA (WDD 4199, lectotype).?Un-
cus rounded apically; gnathal plate sharply narrow-
ing before apex, apex narrowly recurved; harpe
broadly rounded apically; anellar plate with ven-
tral margin straight, two upright, falciform lateral
lobes; aedeagus long, narrow, more than one-half
the length of harpe, apex produced into a broad,
knifelike flange; vesica without cornuti.
FEMALE GENITALIA.?Unknown.
TYPE.?Lectotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Kumusi River, Northeast Brit-
ish New Guinea at low elevation.
HOST PLANT.?Unknown.
DISTRIBUTION. ? Presently known from New
Guinea and adjacent islands at low elevations.
ADULT RECORDS. ? NEW GUINEA: Kumusi
River, low elevation; Bernhard Camp, Idenburg
River, 50 m (Jan.); Hydrographer Mountains,
2500 ft (Jan., Feb.); Western Highlands, Jimi
River, 4700 ft (July, Sept.). D'ENTRECASTEAU
ISLANDS: Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft
(April, May, June). MURUA (Woodlark Island);
Kulamadau (Jan., May). LOUISIADE ARCHI-
PELAGO: Sudest Island (Tagula), Mount Riu,
2000 ft (Jan., Feb., March, April); Rossel Island,
Mount Rossel, 2100 ft (Nov., Dec); Rossel Island,
Abaleti (Nov., Dec); Misima Island, Umana Camp,
500 ft (June, July).
DISCUSSION.?Meyrick originally described this
species from four specimens and noted that one
of the four, from Ceram, was somewhat atypical.
During the course of this study it was determined
that the specimen from Ceram represented a sep-
arate species which, although very similar super-
ficially, may be readily distinguished by both gen-
italia characters and maculation. In addition to
the original three specimens, in excess of twenty
additional specimens of E. mesogypsa from various
localities have been studied.
For the most part, the material studied was col-
lected many years ago and, consequently, it is
impossible to determine the effect of time on the
scale colors. Meyrick (1925) indicates a copper
sheen in his original description which is not dis-
cernible in the specimens now, and it should be
noted that the original series was collected at least
ten years before Meyrick's description. In addition,
most of the specimens, including the original series,
are mouldy and somewhat greased. Thus, the colors
are undoubtedly much duller than would be found
in fresh specimens. I suspect the brown wing colors
are more red-brown than they appear in the speci-
mens now; however, additional information on
this subject must await procurement of fresh
material.
NUMBER 147 13
FIGURES 5-9.?Head morphology, wing venation, left wings: 5, head of E. mesogypsa, frontal
view, scales removed (labial palpus of E. Meyricki below); 6, maxilla of E. mesogypsa; 7, wing
venation of E. mesogypsa; 8, left wings of E. mesogypsa; 9, left wings of E. meyricki.
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Eriogenes meyricki, new species
FIGURES 4, 9; MAP 7
Alar expanse 27-35mm.
Antenna with scape and dorsum of shaft light
brown mixed with white. Head light brown medi-
ally, whitish tufts posterior to antennae, face light
brown; labial palpus dark brown basally to middle
of second segment, lighter brown mixed with white
to apex, apical segment less than one-third length
of second segment. Thorax and tegulae brown,
heavily suffused with white. Legs as in E. meso-
gypsa. Abdomen pale brown to white ventrally,
brown dorsally. Forewing brown, a median, irreg-
ularly shaped, white fascia from costa to dorsum,
discal spot dark brown within the outer margin of
white fascia, apical third with two relatively
distinct transverse brown lines, one bordering the
outer margin of white fascia, the other extending
from apical three-fourths of costa to dorsum before
tornus, cilia white with interrupted brown line
basally. Hind wing brown, cilia brown.
MALE GENITALIA (WDD 4200, holotype).?Uncus
truncate apically; gnathal plate gradually narrow-
ing to broadly recurved apex; harpe acute apically;
anellar plate with ventral margin indented at mid-
point, two short, truncate lateral lobes; aedeagus
short, broad, less than one-half the length of harpe,
apex produced into a narrow, apically acute pro-
jection; vesica with two large, heavily sclerotized
cornuti.
FEMALE GENITALIA.?Unknown.
TYPE.?Holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Central Ceram, 4600 ft.
HOST PLANT.?Unknown.
DISTRIBUTION.?Presently known from the Mo-
luccas, New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago.
ADULT RECORDS.?MOLUCCAS: Ceram, 4600 ft
(Jan.). NEW GUINEA: Telefomin (Eliptamin),
4500-5500 ft (June, Sept.). BISMARCK ARCHI-
PELAGO: Rook Island (July); New Britain, Ker-
avat (no date). St. MATTHIAS GROUP: St.
Matthias Island (July).
DISCUSSION.?Described from the male holotype:
"Central Ceram, 4600 ft., Jan. '20, C. F. & J. Pratt";
two male paratypes: "St. Matthias Id., July, 1923,
A. F. Eichhorn"; three male paratypes: "Rook Id.,
July, 1913, A. S. Meek, Joicey Bequest, Brit. Mus.,
1934-120"; and one male paratype: "Bismarck
Archipel., Rook Island, Meek, 6-7-13, M 768, Para-
vicini Coll., B. M. 1937-383." Two of the above
paratypes deposited in the National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, the
remainder in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Two male paratypes: "New Guinea, Tele-
fomin (Eliptamin), 4500-5500 ft., 19 June-14 Sept.
1959, W. W. Brandt, Genitalia Slide G617"; one
male paratype: "NEW BRITAIN, Keravat, col-
lected by Wm. Brandt, Sir Edward Hallstrom,
Genitalia Slide G1616"; all deposited in the Au-
stralian National Insect Collection, C. S. I. R. O.,
Canberra, Australia..
This species seems very closely related to E.
mesogypsa and may be separated by the characters
indicated under the discussion pertaining to that
species. In general, it seems E. meyricki is on the
average smaller than E. mesogypsa, occurs at higher
elevations, and is darker in maculation.
Catalog of the Old World Stenomidae
Included in the following catalog are all those
genera and species which have been assigned to the
Stenomidae by previous workers or determined
more appropriately placed with the family during
the present study. The information provided con-
cerning location of types has been gathered from
various sources and where questionable the data
is preceded by a question mark. The genera are
arranged alphabetically and the included species
are also listed alphabetically under the generic
headings. Type-locality data are essentially as found
in the original description, with an occasional
addition (state, district, province) for clarity.
As mentioned in the introduction, no finality is
implied for this catalog. Many of the species in-
cluded have not been studied and the genera are,
in many cases, poorly defined. Thus, the catalog is
intended as a point of departure for future studies
and a summation of the family's current composi-
tion in the Old World.
Genus Agriophara Rosenstock
MAP 2
Agriophara Rosenstock, 1885:39. [Type-species: Agriophara
cinerosa Rosenstock by subsequent designation, Fletcher,
1929:9.]
NUMBER 147 15
Hypeuryntis Meyrick, 1897:389. [Type-species: Hypeuryntis
coricopa Meyrick by monotypy.]
1. A. asaphes Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1948:193.
Type-locality: Paniai Lake, New Guinea.
Type: holotype female, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
2. A. atratella (Walker) [Acrobasis], 1866:1712.
Type-locality: Moreton Bay, Queensland,
Australia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
3. A. axesta Meyrick [Agriophara], 1890:79.
Type-locality: Wirrabara, South Australia,
Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
4. A. biornata Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:147.
Type-locality: Iebele Camp, 2250 m, West
Irian, New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
5. A. bradleyi Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:146.
Type-locality: Mist Camp, 1800 m, West Irian,
New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
6. A. capnodes Meyrick [Agriophara], 1890:77.
Type-locality: Mount Lofty, South Australia,
Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
7. A. Cinderella (Newman) [Chimabacche], 1855:
288.
Type-locality: Mt. Alexander Range, Victoria,
Australia.
Type: holotype PBritish Museum (Natural
History).
8. A. cinerosa Rosenstock [Agriophara], 1885:439.
Type-locality: South Australia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
9. A confertella (Walker) [Cryptolechia], 1864:
758.
Type-locality: Moreton Bay, Queensland; Syd-
ney, New South Wales, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
10. A. coricopa (Meyrick) [Hypeuryntis], 1897:389.
Type-locality: Wellington, New Zealand.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
11. A. cremnopis Lower [Agriophara], 1894:93.
Type-locality: Duaringa, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: holotype male, PSouth Australia Mu-
seum, Adelaide.
12. A. curta Lucas [Agriophara], 1900:161.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Type: holotype male, South Australia Mu-
seum, Adelaide.
13. A. diminuta Rosenstock [Agriophara], 1885:
440.
Type-locality: South Australia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
14. A. discobola Turner [Agriophara], 1897:32.
Type-locality: Gisborne, Victoria, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, ?Australian Na-
tional Insect Collection, Canberra.
15. A. dyscapna Turner [Agriophara], 1917:99.
Type-locality: Gisborne, Victoria, Australia.
Type: holotype male, PAustralian National
Insect Collection, Canberra.
16. A. fascifera Meyrick [Agriophara], 1890:80.
Type-locality: Sydney and Bathurst, 2500 ft,
New South Wales, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
17. A. gravis Meyrick [Agriophara], 1890:77.
Type-locality: Sydney, New South Wales, Aus-
tralia; Deloraine, Tasmania.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
18. A. heterchroma Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:
144.
Type-locality: Iebele Camp, 2250 m, West
Irian, New Guinea
Type: holotype female, Rijksmuseum van
Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
19. A. horridula Meyrick [Agriophara], 1890:77.
Type-locality: Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
20. A. hyalinota Lower [Agriophara], 1899:104.
Type-locality: Parkside, South Australia; Dua-
ringa, Queensland, Australia.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Type: syntypes of both sexes, South Australia
Museum, Adelaide.
21. A. leptosemela Lower [Agriophara], 1893:174.
Type-locality: Parkside, South Australia,
Australia.
Type: holotype male (without abdomen),
South Australia Museum, Adelaide.
22. A. leucanthes Turner [Agriophara], 1897:31.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Type: syntype males, Australian National In-
sect Collection, Canberra.
23. A. leucosta Lower [Agriophara], 1893:173.
Type-locality: Parkside, South Australia,
Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, PSouth Australia
Museum, Adelaide.
24. A. levis Meyrick [Agriophara], 1921:446.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Type: holotype, British Museum (Natural
History).
25. A. lysimacha Meyrick [Agriophara], 1915:410.
Type-locality: Woodlark Island, New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
26. A. murinella (Walker) [Cryptolechia], 1860:
757.
Type-locality: Australia.
Type: holotype female (without abdomen),
British Museum (Natural History).
27. A. musicolor Meyrick [Agriophara], 1930:560.
Type-locality: Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft,
New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, PDeutsches Entomolo-
gisches Institut, Berlin.
28. A. neoxanta Meyrick [Agriophara], 1930:410.
Type-locality: Woodlark Island, New Guinea;
Cooktown, Queensland, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, British Museum
(Natural History).
29. A. nephelopa Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:
148.
Type-locality: Moss Forest Camp, 2600-2800
m, West Irian, New Guinea.
Type: male holotype, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
30. A. nodigera Turner [Agriophara], 1900:11.
Type-locality: Warwick, Queensland, Aus-
tralia.
Type: holotype female, Australian National
Insect Collection, Canberra.
31. A. parallela Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:142.
Type-locality: Lower Mist Camp, 1400-1600
m, West Irian, New Guinea.
Type: holotype female, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
32. A. parilis Meyrick [Agriophara], 1918:197.
Type-locality: Setekwa River, 2000-3000 ft.,
New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
33. A. phasmatopa (Meyrick) [Stenoma], 1910:460.
Type-locality: Gizo, New Georgia, Solomon
Islands.
Type: syntype males, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
34. A. plagiosema Turner [Agriophara], 1897:32.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Type: holotype male, Australian National In-
sect Collection, Canberra.
35. A. platyscia Lower [Agriophara], 1908:117.
Type-locality: Tasmania.
Type: holotype female (without abdomen),
South Australia Museum, Adelaide.
36. A. poliopepla Turner [Agriophara], 1897:31.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, Australian Na-
tional Insect Collection, Canberra.
37. A. polistis (Lower) [Agriophara], 1923:55.
Type-locality: Dorrigo, New South Wales,
Australia.
Type: syntype males, South Australia Museum,
Adelaide.
38. A. salinaria Meyrick [Agriophara], 1931:43.
Type-locality: Florida, Solomon Islands.
Type: holotype male, PBritish Museum (Na-
tural History).
39. A. tephroptera Lower [Agriophara], 1903:230.
Type-locality: Broken Hill, New South Wales,
Australia.
Type: holotype male, South Australia Mu-
seum, Adelaide.
40. A virescens Diakonoff [Agriophara], 1954:143.
Type-locality: Cyclops Mountains, 400-900 m,
West Irian, New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historie, Leiden.
NUMBER 147 17
Genus Amontes Viette
MAP 6
Amontes Viette, 1958:116. [Type-species: Amontes princeps
Viette by original designation.]
1. A. princeps Viette [Amontes], 1958:116.
Type-locality: env. de Perinet, fore"t d'Anala-
mazoatra, 910 m, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
Genus Aproopta Turner
MAP 3
Aproopta Turner, 1919:171. [Type-species: Aproopta melan-
chlaena Turner by monotypy.]
1. A. melanchlaena Turner [Aproopta], 1919:172.
Type-locality: Katoomba, New South Wales,
Australia.
Type: holotype male, Australian Museum,
Sydney.
Genus Eriogenes Meyrick
MAP 7
Eriogenes Meyrick, 1925:159. [Type-species: Eriogenes meso-
gypsa Meyrick by monotypy.]
1. E. mesogypsa Meyrick [Eriogenes], 1925:159.
Type-locality: Kumusi River, Northeast Brit-
ish New Guinea, at low elevation.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
2. E. meyricki Duckworth [Eriogenes], 1973:14.
Type-locality: Central Ceram, 4600 ft,
Moluccas.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
Genus Herbulotiana Viette
MAP 5
Herbulotiana Viette, 1954:17. [Type-species: Herbulotiana
abceda Viette by original designation.]
1. H. abceda Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:23.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
2. ? H. altitudinella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1962:
24.
Type-locality: Plateau Soaindrana, 2070 m,
Massif de l'Andringitra, Central Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
3. H. atypicella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1956a: 115.
Type-locality: route d'Anosibe, km 57, Mada-
gascar Est.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
4. H. benoistella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:18.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
5. H. bernardiella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:26.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, for?t
d'Ambodivoangy, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
6. H. bicolorata Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:20.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
7. H. catalaella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:22.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, for?t
d'Ambodivoangy, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
8. H. collectella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1956a:111.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, for?t
d'Ambodivoangy, Nord-Est Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
9. H. halarcta (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1917:59.
Type-locality: Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Na-
tural History).
10. H. longifascia Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:26.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Madagascar.
Type: holotype female, Museum National
D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
11. H. paulianella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:24.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, foret
d'Ambodivoangy, Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
12. H. robustella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1956a: 113.
Type-locality: env. de Perinet, for?t d'Anala-
mazoatra, 910 m, Madagascar Est.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
13. H. rungsella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:19.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, foret
d'Ambodivoangy, Madagascar.
Type: holotype female, Museum National
D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
14. H. septella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1956a: 112.
Type-locality: env. de Ranomafana, district
d'Ifanadiana, 700 m, Madagascar Est.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
15. H. vadonella Viette [Herbulotiana], 1956b:466.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, foret
d'Ambodivoangy, Nord-Est Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
16. H. violacea Viette [Herbulotiana], 1954:21.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Madagascar/
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
Genus Mnarolitia Viette
MAP 6
Mnarolitia Viette, 1954:16. [Type-species: Mnarolitia paulia-
nellum Viette by original designation.]
1. M. paulianellum Viette [Mnarolitia], 1954:16.
Type-locality: env. de Morafenobe, foret de
Mahajeby, Ouest Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
2. M. sylvestrella Viette [Mnarolitia], 1968:84.
Type locality: env. de Perinet, foret d'Anala-
mazaotra, 910 m, Madagascar Est.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
Genus Mocquerysiella Viette
MAP 6
Mocquerysiella Viette, 1954:13. [Type-species: Mocquerysiella
alibcosta Viette by original designation.]
1. M. albicosta Viette [Mocquerysiella], 1954:14.
Type-locality: baie d'Antongil, Nord-Est Mada-
gascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
M. bourginella Viette [Mocquerysiella] 1954:15.
Type-locality: env. de Maroantsetra, foret
d'Ambodivoangy, Nord-Est Madagascar.
Type: holotype male, Museum National D'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.
Genus Neospastis Meyrick
MAP 4
Neospastis Meyrick, 1917:59. [Type-species: Agriophara encry-
phias Meyrick by original designation.]
1. N. calpidias Meyrick [Neospastis], 1917:59.
Type-locality: Nilgiris, Pykara, 7000 ft, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
2. N. encryphias (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1907a:
743.
Type-locality: Khasi Hills, Assam, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
3. N. ichnaea (Meyrick) [Stenoma], 1914:118.
Type-locality: Anshi, Kanara, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
Genus Nothochalara Diakonoff
MAP 3
Nothochalara Diakonoff, 1954:135. [Type-species: Nothochal-
ara sordida Diakonoff by original designation.]
1. N. sordida Diakonoff [Nothochalara], 1954:136.
Type-locality: Araucaria Camp, 800 m, West
Irian, New Guinea.
Type: holotype female, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historic Leiden.
Genus Phylomictis Meyrick
MAP 3
Phylomictis Meyrick, 1890:74. [Type-species: Phylomictis
maligna Meyrick by monotypy.]
Comoscotopa Lower, 1902:239. [Type-species: Comoscotopa
leucopelta Lower by monotypy.]
1. P. arctans Lucas [Phylomictis], 1900:159.
NUMBER 147 19
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, PSouth Australia
Museum, Adelaide.
2. P. decretoria Lucas [Phylomictis], 1900:160.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: holotype female, PSouth Australia Mu-
seum, Adelaide.
3. P. eclecta Turner [Phylomictis], 1906:142.
Type-locality: Burpengary, near Brisbane,
Queensland, Australia.
Type: holotype male, Australian National In-
sect Collection, Canberra.
4. P. idiotricha Meyrick [Phylomictis], 1921:446.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
5. P. leucopelta (Lower) [Comoscotopa], 1902:
240.
Type-locality: Mount Gambier, South Austra-
lia, Australia.
Type: holotype male, PSouth Australia Mu-
seum, Adelaide.
6. P. lintearia Meyrick [Phylomictis], 1921:445.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: holotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
7. P. maligna Meyrick [Phylomictis], 1890:75.
Type-locality: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Type: holotype male, PBritish Museum (Natu-
ral History).
8. P. monochroma Lower [Phylomictis], 1892:17.
Type-locality: Parkside, South Australia, Aus-
tralia.
Type: holotype female (without abdomen),
South Australia Museum, Adelaide.
9. P. obliquata Lucas [Phylomictis], 1900:160.
Type-locality: May Orchard, Brisbane, Queens-
land, Australia.
Type: syntypes of both sexes, PSouth Australia
Museum, Adelaide.
10. P. palaeomorpha Turner [Phlomictis], 1897:30.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: syntype male, Australian National In-
sect Collection, Canberra.
11. P. sarcinopa Meyrick [Phylomictis], 1920:322.
Type-locality: Brisbane, Queensland, Austra-
lia.
Type: holotype female, British Museum (Nat-
ural History).
Genus Proscedes Diakonoff
MAP 3
Proscedes Diakonoff, 1954:137. [Type-species: Proscedes tor-
quigera Diakonoff by original designation.]
1. P. torquigera Diakonoff [Proscedes], 1954:138.
Type-locality: Rattan Camp, 1200 m, West
Irian, New Guinea.
Type: holotype male, Rijksmuseum van Na-
tuurlijke Historic Leiden.
Genus Synchalara Meyrick
MAP 4
Synchalara Meyrick, 1917:60. [Type-species: Agriophara rhom-
bota Meyrick by original designation.]
1. S. argoplaca (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1907a:743.
Type-locality: Maskeliya, Ceylon.
Type: lectotpe male, British Museum (Natural
History).
2. S. byrsina (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1907b: 151.
Type-locality: Khasi Hills, Assam, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
3. S. malacobryas Meyrick [Synchalara], 1938:518.
Type-locality: Mt. Tafa, 8500 ft, New Guinea.
Type: male holotype, British Museum (Natural
History).
4. S. minax (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1907b: 152.
Type-locality: Khasi Hills, Assam, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natu-
ral History).
5. S. rhombota (Meyrick) [Agriophara], 1907a:981.
Type-locality: Khasi Hills, Assam, India.
Type: lectotype male, British Museum (Natural
History).
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
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