SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBulletin 181
THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATELAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
ByCARLOS DE LA TORREPAUL BARTSCHandJOSEPH P. E. MORRISON
UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON : 1942
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ADVERTISEMENTThe scientific publications of the National Museum include twoseries, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as amedium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-tions of the National ]\Iuseum, that set forth newly acquired factsin biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of newforms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, inpamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scien-tific organizations and to specialists and others interested in thedifferent subjects. The dates at which these separate papers arepublished are recorded in the table of contents of each of thevolumes.The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con-tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi-cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally inseveral volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs oftype specimens, special collections, and other material of similarnature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quartosize has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates wereregarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumesunder the heading Contributions from the United States NationalHerbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections ofthe Museum.The present work forms No. 181 of the Bulletin series.Alexander Wetmore,Assistant Secretai^, Smithsonian Institution.Waskington, D. C, June 9, 191^2.
CONTENTS
PageIntroduction and acknowledgments 1The cyclophorid moUusks of Cuba, by Carlos de la Torre and PaulBartsch 3Family Cyclophoridae 3Subfamily Megalomastominae 3Genus Farcimen 4Subgenus Farcimen 5Subfamily Aperostominae 38Genus Crocidopoma 39Subgenus Cyclocubana 39The cyclophorid moUusks of the West Indies, exclusive of Cuba, by PaulBartsch 43Family Cyclophoridae 43Subfamily Megalomastominae 43Genus Farcimen 43Subgenus Neopupina 43Genus Farcimoides 46Genus Megalomastoma 48Subgenus Megalomastoma 48Subgenus Megalomastomoides 50Subfamily Diplommatininae 51Genus Adelopoma 51Subfamily Amphicyclotinae 52Genus Cyclohaitia 52Genus Amphicyclotulus 54Subgenus Amphicyclotulus 54Subgenus Cycloblandia 60Subfamily Aperostominae 62Genus Crocidopoma 62Subgenus Crocidopoma 62Genus Cyclojamaicia 67Genus Cyclovendreysia 69Genus Cyclopilsbrya 71Subgenus Cyclopilsbrya 71Subgenus Cyclocaymania 79Genus Ptychocochlis 82Genus Poteria 105Subgenus Poteria 106Subgenus Cyclobakeria 115Genus Aperostoma 124Subgenus Cycladamsia 125Subgenus Austrocydolus 132Subgenus Cyclohidalgoa 136Pseudogeneric term Incerticyclvs 137
IV CONTENTS PageThe cyclophorid moUusks of the mainland of America, by Paul Bartschand Joseph P. E. Morrison 142Family Cyclophoridae 142Subfamily Megalomastominae 142Genus Toniocyclus 142Subfamily Diplommatininae 148Genus Adelopoma 148Subfamily Amphicyclotinae 151Genus Buckleyia 151Genus Lagocyclus 164Genus Filocyclus 157Genus Calaperostoma 159Genus Cyrtotoma 169Genus Barbacyclus 175Genus Calacyclotus 178Genus Mexcyclotus 179Genus Megacydolus 181Genus Am-phicydolus 183Subfamily Aperostominae 186Genus Aperostoma 187Subgenus Incidostoma 187Subgenus Austrocydotus 195Subgenus Neocydotus 203Subgenus Cydopomops 219Subgenus Aperostoma 221Subgenus Cydohidalgoa 268Genus Liracydotus 274Pseudogeneric term Incerticydus 275A list of the mainland cyclophorids -- 279Explanation of plates 283Index 293
THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATE LANDMOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
By Carlos de la Torre, Paul Bartsch, and Joseph P, E. Morrison
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis contribution is divided into three parts : Part 1, by Drs. Carlosde la Torre and Paul Bartsch, deals with the forms inhabiting theisland of Cuba. Part 2, by Dr. Bartsch, describes the members ofthe family known from the West Indies exclusive of Cuba. In Part 3,Drs. Bartsch and Joseph P. E. Morrison discuss the mainland fauna.While Part 3 is by far the largest portion of the paper, it probablyrepresents only a small fraction of the cyclophorid fauna inhabitingthis extensive territory, the exploration of which has scarcely beenstarted.We have not attempted to give complete bibliographic references toall the species, since this would necessitate an enormous expansion ofthe text, but all the citations involving problems of nomenclature havebeen noted.The completeness of this monograph was made possible throughthe splendid cooperation of the authorities of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia, particularly Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. We areindebted also to Prof. H. Burrington Baker, of the University ofPennsylvania, who unstintingly turned over for our examination allthe material needed in this group, especially from Jamaica. We areglad, too, to acknowledge our obligation to Dr. d'Alte A. Welch forhis splendid collection of Jamaican cyclophorids, which he placed atour disposal. The authorities of the Museum of Comparative Zoologyat Cambridge, Mass., through Dr. W. J. Clench, aided materially bythe loan of specimens for study.The cyclophorid material from Cuba came from several sources,chief in importance being the extensive collection of Dr. de la Torre,which furnished the major basis of our understanding of the genusFarcimen. Next should be mentioned the large collections made sev-eral years ago by Dr. Bartsch on several collecting expeditions thatenabled him to comb the island for mollusks. These were made pos-
2 THE CYCLOPHORTD L.\ND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
sible through the generosity of the late Jolm Brooks Henderson andthrough the agency of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholar-ship of the Smithsonian Institution. Especial thanks are due Prof.Raul P. Guitart for his helpfulness with specific material needed byus in the region covered by his explorations, but to mention all theothers who contributed material to our understanding of the fauna ofthe Island of Cuba would prolong endlessly these acknowledgments.We have mentioned under the various species the collectors to whomwe are especially indebted for such contributions.Our knowledge of the radulas, jaws, and verges discussed in thispaper is based on dissections made by Dr. Morrison.
Part 1.?THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF CUBABy Carlos de la Torre and Paul BartschFamily CYCLOPHORIDAE GrayTerrestrial taenioglossate prosobrancliiates the mantle cavity of whichhas been developed into a thin-walled pulmonary sac. The tentaclesare attenuatedly elongate-conic, bearing the optic papillae at theirouter base. Snout usually short. Foot attenuate posteriorly, entire.The radula rows consist of seven teeth. The shell shape, size, andornamentation are extremely diversified. The operculum, usuallycircular, may be a simple chondroid plate or this may bear lamellaeor calcifications of various types.The family ranges from Mexico south over South America on themainland as well as over the West Indian Islands.In Cuba it is represented by two subfamilies, which the followingkey will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE CUBAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAEShell elongate-conic MegalomastominaeShell helicoid AperostominaeMegalomastominae, new subfamilyCyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turritedshell. Operculum corneous.This subfamily embraces the mainland Tomocyclus^ which comesfrom Guatemala and the adjacent Mexican Chiapas, the Cuban Farci-men, the Hispaniolan Farcimoides, the Puerto Rican Neo'pupina^typical MegaloTnastoma from the Virgin Islands, and its related sub-genus Megalomastomoides from eastern Puerto Rico.Wherever found the animal lives in leaf mulch, or it may even digin the loose earth about the base of plants until it is completelyhidden from sight. Bartsch found Farcimen {Neopupina) curtum(Dall and Simpson) buried completely among the roots of bananatrees on the east slope of El Yunque in Puerto Rico. On days ofprotracted rain they may venture forth from their hiding place andsometimes may climb a foot or so above ground up on the trunk ofa mulch-surrounded tree.
4 BULLETIGSr 181, UNTTEO SITATES NlATTOOSTiAIL MUSEUMGenus FARCIMEN Troschel1S47. Farcimen Troschel, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44, in part.1847 (November), i^a rc/w? ew. Hermannsen, Indicis generum malacozoorum primor-dia, vol. 1, p. 439. (Type designated, Cyclostoma tortum Wood.)Typical Farcimen is known only from Cuba, where it is widely dis-tributed and presents considerable variation in shell shape and sculp-ture. In shape it varies from ovate to elongate-conic. The sculpture,following an initial smooth nuclear portion, may be smooth, axiallylirate, or even ribbed, spiral threads may be present, or the surfacemay be pitted as in the Farc'iTnen alutaceum, group. The peristome isheavily reenforced by a thickening and is reflected. The operculumconsists of a simple, thin, multispiral chrondroid plate.Type: Turho tortus yVood= Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum (Wood).The anatomy of F. (F.) vinalense scopulorum is described underthat subspecies, p. 34.All members of the genus Farcimen are mulch-dwellers; they findtheir optimum habitat where dead leaves and vegetable detritus be-come mixed with sand or soil at the base of stone walls or paredones ordead trees. Here usually there is sufficient moisture to furnish idealconditions for the development of fungi, upon whose mycelial threadsthey seem largely to subsist. Living specimens are therefore rarelyseen on the surface. It is only on wet days or dewy nights that theyappear to come from their hidings and may then climb for some feetabove the level normally occupied by them. Usually they burrowbelow the surface and have to be sought by grubbing for them. Forthese reasons the shells of most species are partly covered with dirtwhen found.This leaf-mulch dwelling does not tie them to the restricted habitatthat the calciphilous annularids are forced to effect. We thereforefind the various species occupying a much more extended territory thanis the case in the annularids. They are not confined to the moun-tains but are equally at home in the plains, where their worst enemyis agriculture, which usually destroys their favorite habitats. Theirgreater abundance in the rough hilly country at present merely meansthat man's activities so far have failed to dispossess them.The absence of strongly developed sculptural characters makes thegenus Farcimen a rather trying group to handle taxonomically.Words alone seem inadequate to define convincingly our concept ofspecies and races. Fortunately, by the use of the camera we are ableto portray the characters far better than mere word pictures can accom-plish. We hope, therefore, that by consulting both descriptions andfigures our contentions will be made clear.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 5KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF FARCIMENPeristome thickened and reflected FarcimenPeristome not thickened or reflected NeopupinaSubgenus Farcimen TroschelIn the subgenus Farcimen the peristome is thickened and reflected.The group is peculiar to the island of Cuba.Type: Turho tortus Wood^^ Farcimeti (Farcimen) tortum (Wood).FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM, new speciesMegalomastoma tortum of many authors, not of Wood, which equals Farcimenapertum Poey.Shell elongate-ovate, the early whorls varying in color from yellowto pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnu-clear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit; theearly turns are marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, retractivelycurved axial riblets. These riblets on the succeeding turns becomemore closely approximated and less regular, and on the last wliorl areless expressed than on the other whorls. In perfect specimens thereis a faint indicaton of obsolete spiral hairlines, at least on the earlyturns. Suture rendered conspicuous by the shoulder at the summit.Base protracted, tapering fairly abruptly toward the open umbilicus.The umbilicus is bounded by an obsolete carina. Within this the um-bilical wall appears slightly excavated and is marked by incrementallines. Aperture almost circular ; peristome thickened, heaviest at theposterior angle and at the junction of the basal lip with the columella,and narrowest on the parietal wall. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species is the one that has been considered by many authorsto be F. tortmn. We have explained under that sj^ecies why we donot agree with this determination. F. (F.) pseudotortum resemblesmost nearly forms of F. (F.) ungula (Poey), from which, however,it is easily distinguislied by the fact that tlie aperture is not protractedinto a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip.We are recognizing three subspecies, all occupying parts of OrienteProvince, which the following key will help to differentiate:KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUMUmbilicus very narrow.Shell large, height more than 24 mm pseudotortumShell small, height less than 20 mm turquinoeuseUmbilicus not very narrow bayamense
6 BULLiETTN 181, UlSraTEiD STATES NlATTONlAL MUSlETJMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM PSEUDOTORTUM, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figuees 7-9This race comes from the ancient Cafetal Buena Vista, 18 mileswest-southwest of Bayamo, Oriente Province. The specimen that wehave figured is one collected by Gundlach and labeled M. tortum. Itis distinguished from the other two by its much larger size and theribbing of the early whorls, which is much more conspicuous and a littlemore distantly spaced.The type. U.S.N.M. No. 104424, the specimen referred to above, has7.5 whorls and measures : Height, 24.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM TURQUINOENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figubes 1-3This race comes from Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, OrienteProvince. It is easily distinguished from F. (F.) pseudotortum
'pseudotortum. by its small size, and from F. (F.) pseudotortum haya-
'mense by iis strong ribbing.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535874, has 5.3 whorls remaining, the tipbeing broken, and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; greater diameter,9.9 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM BAYAMENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, FiatnvEs 4-6This race was collected by Victor Rodriguez at the foot of Pan deAziicar, Sierra Maestra, southwest of Bayamo. It differs from theother two forms in being much more rotund and much more openlyumbilicated and in having considerably finer sculpture. The peris-tome is also more reflected at the junction of the basal lip and columella.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535875, has 6.5 whorls and measures:Height, 18.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.1 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) YUNQUENSE, new speciesPlate 2, Figures 19-21Shell very small, pale orange, with the last part of the last whorlbehind the peristome usually red. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, narrowly shoulderedat the summit and marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets,which are not equal in strength or regularly disposed. Suture stronglyconstricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted,rather broadly openly umbilicated, and with an obscure angle at the
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSIK9 OF AMEIRIOA 7
edge of the umbilicus. Aperture circular ; peristome expanded, thick-ened, and double the width of that of the outer lip on the anteriorcolumellar wall and the adjacent basal area, and only about one-halfas wide on the posterior columella and parietal side. Operculumtypically farcimenid. The species appears restricted to Yunque deBaracoa, Oriente Province.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535888, was collected by Arango. It has6.4 whorls and measures : Height, 17.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 9.6 mm.This species was listed as Megalomastoma seminudum by Pfeiffer,Gundlach, and Arango.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA (Poey)In this species the shell varies immensely in shape and color in thedifferent subspecies. The form may be elongate-ovate or elongate-ovate-conic ; some individuals are comparatively slender ; others, obese.Most of the specimens, having lost their periostracum, are soiled whiteand they range from this through lemon yellow to rose red. Theperiostracum is usually thin and translucent. It also varies fromwax color to pale wood brown. The umbilicus varies from open toclosed. Regardless of what the variance mentioned above may be,the species has in common a thickened peristome, which is protractedinto a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip.This species is nearest related to F. (F.) pseudotortvm, from whichits ungulate peristome will readily differentiate it.The species appears confined to Oriente Province, where we arerecognizing nine subspecies, which the following key will help todifferentiate.KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULAUmbilicus open.Shell large, height more than 26 mm.Last whorl orange semivestitumLast whorl not orange holguinenseShell smaller, height 24 mm. or less perconvexumUmbilicus closed.Shell very obese.Umbilicus bordered with a very conspicuous keel elephantinximUmbilicus bordered with an obsolete keel mirandumShell not very obese.Whorls well rounded.Lip decidedly protracted ungulaLip not decidedly protracted mayarienseWhorls flattish.Shell rose colored mayenseShell orange guantanamense
8 BULLETIN 181, mSTITBD SfTATES NlATIODSPAiL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA SEMIVESTITUM, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 25-27This race is openly umbilicated. It is much Larger than the othermember of that group described here, namely ^ F. (F.) ungula hol-guinense. The specimens retaining their periostracum show this to bewood brown with an olivaceous tinge, streaked with darker axial lines.When denuded, the last whorl is brilliantly reddish orange. The hair-like axial threads in this race are stronger and the base of the lastturn is more attenuated than those of F. (F.) ungula holguinense.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535884, from Brazo del Pino, Woodfred,Mayari, Oriente Province, was collected by I. Kivas. It has 6.5 whorlsremaining, having lost the nuclear tip, and measures: Height, 33.0mm. ; greater diameter, 13.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA HOLGUINENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 13-15The type of this subspecies was collected by Garcia Feria at theFinca de Garcet, Holguin, Oriente Province. We also have speci-mens collected by Quesada between Cacocum and San German, andothers obtained by Dr. Aguayo at Baguano, east of Holguin, OrienteProvince.This race shares with F. {F.) ungula semwestitum the open umbil-icus. It differs from it in having a much stronger carina limiting theumbilicus and when denuded in not being brilliant orange on the lastturn, and in having the axial hairlike riblets finer.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535877, has 6.3 whorls remaining and mea-sures : Height, 26.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA PERCONVEXUM, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 10-12This is a small race, the type of which was collected by Gundlach atYarayabo, Oriente Province. We also have specimens from CentralPalma, Corralillo, northwest of Santiago, from between Baire andJiguani, also between Baire and Los Negros, and from San Luis, northof Santiago. Likewise from Manaca, La Plata. While widely dis-tributed, it is fairly constant in form, although the coloration variesmaterially from flesh colored to roseolate. It is nearest related to F.(F.) ungula mayariense, from which its much smaller size will readilydifferentiate it.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535881, has 5.4 whorls remaining and mea-sures : Height, 24 mm. ; greater diameter, 12.5 mm.
THE CYCI/OPHOBID hAND MOLLTJSiKS' OF AMEiRIOA 9FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA ELEPHANTINUM, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figures 13-15This very obese race was collected by Dr. S. Molina at Loma SantaFe, Guantanamo, Oriente Province. The only member of the wigulacomplex resembling this is F. (F.) ungula mirandum (Pilsbry) , fromwhich its conspicuous tumid umbilical keel distinguishes it. It is alsomore inclined toward lemon-yellow, instead of being rosy in coloration,and the basal lip is more protracted.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535887, has 5.0 whorls remaining and mea-sures : Height, 32.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 17.3 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MIRANDUM (Pilsbry)Plate 2, Figures 16-181928. Megalomastoma ungula mirandum PiLstBEY, Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiladelphiaYear Book for 1928, p. 17.This subspecies was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and d'Alte Welch atCentral Miranda, between Mayari and Santiago, Oriente Province.It resembles in obeseness F. (F.) ungula elephantinum but is dis-tinguished by having the shell much more roseolate and the umbilicalbounding keel less conspicuous. Also, the lip is not protracted as inthat subspecies.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 464468, a topo-type, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 33.0 mm.;greater diameter, 15.9 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA UNGULA (Poey)Plate 1, Figures 28-301856. Megalomastoma ungula Poey, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Islade Cuba, vol. 2, p. 24, pi. 3, figs. 1-4.The typical race we have from Santiago, Vista Alegre, San JuanHill and the Pedrito Quarry near Santiago, central Oriente, and themouth of Magdalena Eiver. The type was collected at Santiago andgiven to Poey by Dr. Gutierrez.The subspecies is of medium size, varying in color from pale lemonto very faintly roseolate. It has the peristome decidedly protractedat the junction of the outer and basal lip, giving it a decidedly ungulateappearance. The umbilicus is practically covered by the reflected peri-stome, the last whorl being materially attenuated, and terminates in afairly conspicuous carina, marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 104436, is one re-ceived from Poey collected at Santiago. It has 6.5 whorls remainingand measures : Height, 29.0 mm. ; greatest diameter, 13.2 mm.
10 BULLETIN 181, UNTTE'D STATES NlATlOiNlAL MUSEUMIt is distinguished from the other forms with closed umbilicus andnonobese shape by having the whorls rounded.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYARIENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 1&-21This subspecies was collected by J. B. Henderson at the Farallonesde Nipe, Piedra Gorda, Canapu, near Cayo del Key, all places nearMayari. The type comes from Farallones de Nipe.The race is most nearly related to F. (F.) ungula ungula (Poey),from which its less protracted aperture and stronger axial sculpturewill readily differentiate it.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535883, has 7.2 whorls and measures:Height, 28.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.FAKCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 16-18This race was collected by Dr. Ramsden about Alto Songo, La Maya,Finca Isabelita, and Finca Santa Teresa, Oriente Province. It is arose-colored race with closed umbilicus and a strong carina borderingit. The whorls are marked by rather strong slightly retractivelycurved axial riblets, which become weakened on the last turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535885, from La Maya, has 7.5 whorls re-maining and measures : Height, 27.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 13.5 mm.The brilliant rose color will differentiate this easily from the othermembers with closed umbilicus.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA GUANTANAMENSE, new subspeciesPlate 1, Figures 22-24We have this subspecies from a number of stations ranging aboutGuantanamo. The individual stations are Vinculo, where the typewas obtained, Saltadero, Sierra des Canasta, and Yateras, OrienteProvince.This is an orange-colored race with closed umbilicus. It resemblesmost nearly F. (F.) ungula tnayetise^ from which its less strong axialsculpture and paler coloration will differentiate it.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535886, has 7.4 whorls and measures:Height, 18.6 mm. ; greater diameter, 13.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM, new speciesShell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color from uni-formly wax yellow to bicolor, that is, the early whorls may be paleand the last darker, frequently dark chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorlsabout 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly
THE CYCLOPHOEJID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMlEKIOA 11
rounded, marked by closely spaced, very slender, almost hairlike, re-tractively curved axial riblets. Suture well marked. Peripheryrounded. Base moderately long, quite openly umbilicated in F. (F.)camagueyanum mayajiguense^ a little less so in F. (F.) camagueyanumcamagueyanum^ and even less so in F. (F.) camagueyanum -floTencia-niem, in which the umbilicus is for the greater part concealed. Aper-ture subcircular; peristome much thickened on the outer, basal, andinner lip, and reflected ; the posterior edge of the reflected peristomeis sharp. The thickened peristome of the inner lip does not quitereach the preceding turn, but leaves a conspicuous gap. The peristomeof the parietal wall is not thickened. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species ranges through the north and northwestern portionof the Sierra Cubitas and extends to the Jatibonico.We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key anddescriptions will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUMUmbilicus ratlier broad mayajiguenseUmbilicus not broad.Shell large, height more than 27 mm camagueyanumShell smaller, height less than 25 mm florencianumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM MAYAJIGUENSE, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figubes 28-30We have this race from a number of stations, namely, the northslope of the Sierra de Jatibonico, Veredas de los Broqueles, delChorreron y del Alunado, Sierra de Matahambre, and Sierra deCanoa, Mayajigua, Santa Clara Province.This race has a quite regular convex outline with the early whorlspale olive and the last one much darker, not infrequently purplish.Its chief distinction, however, lies in the fact that the umbilicus ismore widely open than in any other race and the bounding keel veryconspicuous.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535892, comes from the north slope of theSierra de Jatibonico at Los Broqueles. Having lost the extremetip, the remaining 6.3 whorls measure: Height, 24.5 mm.; greaterdiameter, 12.3 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM CAMAGUEYANUM. new subspeciesPlate 2, Figures 25-27This race comes chiefly from the Cubitas Mountains, CamagiieyProvince. Bartsch collected it at Los Corrales de los Cangilones andat Finca Los Cangilones. Both of these stations are at the foothillsof the Cubitas Mountains. In the mountains it was obtained at
12 BULTjETTN 181, UNITE? STATES NiATTOOSPAa:, MUSEUMVereda del Burro in several stations on this path. It was also se-cured in Paso de la Guanaja, in the Paso de las Escaleras, Paso delos Paredones, and Paso de Lesca. In each of these passes seriesof specimens were taken at various stations.This is the largest race of the group. It is unicolor and has theumbilicus fairly open, not as wide, however, as in F. (F.) carna-gueyanum m.ayapgi(ense.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535893, comes from Los Corrales de losCangilones. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 27.4 mm.;greater diameter, 14.5 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM FLORENCIANUM, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figtjees 7-9This race was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and Welch on the cliffsnear Florencia, Camagiiey Province. The early whorls in this raceare a little darker than in the rest and the last one usually has thepurplish tinge of the two-colored forms, which is also the colorof the interior. The peristome is decidedly expanded, thickened, andreflected at the junction of the columella and basal lip. It is quitenarrow on the parietal wall and leaves exposed a fairly large por-tion of the umbilicus, thereby displaying the umbilical carina.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535894, has 5.0 whorls remaining andmeasures: Height, 21.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI, new speciesShell rather small, varying from elongate-ovate to ovate in out-line. The color ranges from wax yellow through olive to orange,and the shells may be unicolor or bicolor, that is, the last whorl maybe chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, smooth. Postnuclearwhorls well rounded, marked by slender, exceedingly fine, closelyspaced, hairlike axial riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Periph-ery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, usually almost hid-den by the reflected peristome. Aperture circular; peristome muchthickened and reflected on the outer, basal, and columellar portion,much narrower on the parietal wall, where it is somewhat excavated.The broadly expanded portion of the peristome is always sharp andknife-edged at the extreme posterior edge of the reflected part. Theperistome of the inner lip touches the preceding turn in F. (F.)wrighti hiayaense and F. (F.) wrighti lurighti and almost so in theother two subspecies.This species ranges through the southern and eastern complex ofthe Sierras de Guaicanamar and Najaza to Sibanicu to the Lomasde Borje and Santa Cruz, south and east of the Rio Maximo in theProvince of Santa Clara.
THE CYCLOPHORID LADSTD MOLLUSKS OF ARffiKICA 13We are recognizing four subspecies, as follows
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTIPeristome of inner lip almost touching the preceding turn.Shell ovate biayaenseShell elongate-ovate wrightiPeristome of inner lip not touching the preceding turn.Umbilical carina conspicuous . martianumUmbilical carina not conspicuous najazaenseFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI BIAYAENSE, new subspeciesPlate 2, FiGtrBEs 1-3This subspecies comes from San Martin de Biaya, 15 miles south ofMarti, Camagiiey Province, It is a chubby race in which the earlywhorls are pale olivaceous with the last one tending toward reddish.The interior of the aperture is the color of the exterior of the last whorl.Its chief distinction from the other members consists of the fact thatthe rather broadly expanded inner lip extends up and almost touchesthe preceding whorl, leaving a mere line of separation. In this char-acter it agrees with F. (F.) wrighti ivrighti, from which it is readilydistinguished by its gibbose outline. The parietal wall of the peristomeis much narrower than the rest and almost suggests the peculiar lunateaspect of /^. (F.) hituberculatum (Sowerby).The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535889, has 5.1 whorls remaining, the extremetip being lost, and measures: Height, 22.4 mm.; greater diameter,13.4 mm. It was collected by Victor Kodriguez.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI WRIGHTI, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figures 22-24Bartsch collected this race in large numbers at Loma Santa Cruz,near Senado, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from Loma deBorje and between Puerto Principe and Tunas, where it was collectedby Wright. This subspecies agrees with F. (F.) torighti hiayaense inthe approximation of the expanded lip to the preceding turn. It is,however, much slenderer than that race, and its color scheme is muchmore inclined to bicolor, that is, the early turns wax yellow and thelast one purplish brown.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535891, comes from Loma Santa Cruz. Ithas 5.6 whorls remaining, having lost the extreme tip, and measures
:
Height, 22.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.Bartsch's field notes say that the animal of this subspecies is palepink, with numerous very small white dots on the back and sides. Thesole of the foot is a little deeper pink than the sides, and the tentaclesare coral-red.428349?42 2
14 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI MARTIANUM, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figures 10-12We have this race from Finca San Carlos, Marti, which is the typelocality, and also from El Zanjon de Sibanicii, and from San AntonioAbad, Berrocal, and Giiaimaro, Camagiiey Province. This small sub-species is unicolor orange, with white peristome and white umbilicalregion. The peristome is exceedingly expanded and thickened exceptat the parietal wall, where it is very narrow and exposes the umbilicus.In general shape it resembles F. (F.) ivrighti hiayaense but is readilydistinguished from that by its smaller size and by having the inner lipdecidedly distinct from the preceding turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535896, which was collected by Victor Kod-riguez, has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.;greater diameter, 11.0 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI NAJAZAENSE, new subspeciesPlate 2, Figubes 4-6The type of this subspecies comes from El Cacaotal de Sifontes,Sierra de Najaza, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from theSierra del Cachimbo, which is between the Sierras del Chorrillo andde Najaza, and from the Si'^rra de Guaicanamar, Palomar de SanJose, between Guaicanamar and Najaza, and Verada del Telegrafoin the Sierra del Chorrillo.This race resembles most nearly F. (F.) wrighti martianwn but iseasily distinguished from that by the fact that the peristome is de-cidedly protracted anteriorly.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535897, has 6.9 whorls remaining and meas-ures : Height, 21.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 13.0 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby)In this species the shell varies very much in size ; some of the racesare of medium stature, while others constitute the largest and mostponderous shells in the genus. In shape they vary from elongate-ovate to elongate-conic. In color also there is a great variation;some races are uniformly pale, others conspicuously bicolor, that is,the last whorl is purplish plum colored, while the early turns areusually of a wax tint. In some races both unicolor and bicolor formsare present. Peristome white with a yellowish tinge. The interiorof the aperture ranges from porcelain white to purplish brown butis more or less constant for the different races. Nuclear whorls about1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls, whilerounded, vary materially in convexity in the different races. This isemphasized by the amount of constriction presented by the suture.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAjS^^D M01.LUSKS OF AMEiRICA 15The sculpture consists of retractively curved axial riblets that varymaterially in number and strength in the different subspecies. Allthe races show irregularly distributed pitting, which produces anappearance of drilling by some parasite or of partial decay. Thischaracter shows a tendency toward approaching Farcimen {Farci-men) alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer), in which it reaches a maximumdevelopment. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, or some-what produced, narrowly umbilicated, with or without a limitingumbilical carina. The umbilicus in most races is concealed by thewidely expanded and reflected inner peristome. Aperture large, sub-circular. Peristome much thickened, expanded, and reflected, ex-cept that of the parietal wall, always wider on the columella than therest, and narrow and somewhat excised on the parietal wall. At theposterior angle of the aperture and at the posterior columellar ex-pansion, the peristome is thickened into more or less of a knob, whichfurnished the specific name hituherculatum. Operculum typicallyfarcimenid.The species appears confined to the southern part of the Provinceof Santa Clara, where it reaches its maximum differentiation in theTrinidad Mountain region.We are recognizing five subspecies:KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUMWhorls strongly rounded.Shell unicolor bituberculatumShell bicolor minorWhorls not strongly rounded.Axial ribs irregular, interrupted giganteumAxial ribs not irregular or interrupted.Axial riblets strong gutierreziAxial riblets not strong crassumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby)PlATE 3, FiGXJBES 10-121850. Cyclostoma ^tuberculatum Sowekby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1,Suppl., p. 164*, pi. 31a, figs. 290-291.This race was collected somewhere in the mountains of Trinidad,Santa Clara Province. It differs from all the others in being muchslenderer, unicolor, and much more regularly conic, with the whorlsstrongly rounded, in which respect it resembles F. {F. ) hUuberculatummmor (Kobelt).The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535901, is the only one we havethat agrees with Sowerby's figure. It was obtained by Dr. de la Torrefrom the ancient collection of D. Tomas Iradi in Cienfuegos. It has4.9 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.; greater di-ameter, 17.3 mm.
16 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM MINOR (Kobelt)Plate 3, Figures 16-181843. Cyclostomo, auriculatum Sowekby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 151,pi. 31, fig. 277 (not Cyclostoma auriculatum Orbigny, 1842).1902. Megalomastoma (Farcimen) hituberculatum minor Kobelt, Das Tierreich,Cyclophoridae, p. 265.This subspecies was collected by H. N. Lowe at Puriales, Santa Rosa,Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. It agrees with the typical race, F.(F.) hituberculatum lituberculatum (Sowerby), in having the whorlsstrongly rounded but differs from it in being more ovate and in havingthe last whorl plum colored.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535902, has 5.0 whorls remain-ing and measures : Height, 28.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.3 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GIGANTEUM, new subspeciesPl.4,te 3, Figures 1-3We have this subspecies from Sopimpa, a railroad station betweenFomento and Trinidad, and Loma del Caballete, Sierra de Gavilanesof the Trinidad region, Santa Clara Province. It differs from theother races of F. (F.) bituberculatum in having the axial ribs of thelater turns irregularly developed; in size it resembles F. (F.) hituber-Gulatum gutierrezi and F. (F.) hitubercyidatum crassum, from both ofwhich the irregularity of its ribs will distinguish it.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535904, which comes from Sopimpa, has 5.0whorls remaining, and measures : Height, 33.7 mm. ; greater diameter,17.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GUTIERREZI, new subspeciesPlate 3, Figures 4-6We have this race from a number of stations ranging around Banao,south of Sancti Spiritus and southeast of Trinidad, Santa ClaraProvince ; for example, Finca Angelina, La Quinta, El Cacahual, andGuayacanes ; also from Loma de Jarao, Blanquizal, near Guayos.This is a large pale race, as large as if not larger than F. (F.)hituherculatum giganteum, from which it is easily differentiated bybeing unicolor. The two races are also zoogeographically distinct.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535906, comes from Finca Angelina andhas 5.4 whorls remaining. It measures : Height, 36.8 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 18.6 imn.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM CRASSUM, new subspeciesPlate 3, Figures 13-15This subspecies comes from the southern mountain complex ofSanta Clara Province. We have it from Finca Pita j ones, the Cara-cusey Valley, Trinidad; Loma de Gabino Galvez; Loma Esperanza
THE CTCLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMEiRIC'A 17and Las Damas near Guayos ; Finca El Silencio and Cortinas de Veloso,Cantii; Loma Cariblanca, Fomento, Trinidad; and Loma Caja deAgua, Tuinicu, Sancti Spiritus.This race is large like F. (F.) hituberculatwm gutierrezi^ which it re-sembles in many ways but from which it differs by having the peri-stome very much intensified and in having the axial riblets decidedlyreduced, almost obsolete on the last whorl.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535907, was collected by Prof. Pedro Guitartat Finca Pitajones, Trinidad. It has 4.6 whorls remaining andmeasures : Height, 32.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 17.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM (Poey)Shell varying very greatly in size in the different subspecies. Theshape is equally variable, ranging from elongate-turrited to ovate.The early whorls are orange-red, or brownish tinted, or even fleshcolored. The last whorl is dark reddish brown with a purplish tinge.Nuclear whorls about 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. The post-nuclear whorls range from well rounded to inflated. The axial sculp-ture on the early whorls consists of quite regular and regularly spacedriblets. On the last turn these may evanesce or become intensified andirregular. Suture well constricted, rendered conspicuous by the slightshoulder at the summit of the whorls. Periphery well rounded. Basemoderately openly umbilicated with a carina of varying strength limit-ing the umbilicus on the outside. Aperture subcircular; peristomegreatly thickened and expanded on the outer, basal, and inner lip,narrow on the parietal portion, thin and sharp at the posterior edge.The peristome is somewhat protracted on the anterior columellar por-tion. Operculum typically farcimenid.The species appears limited to Santa Clara Province, whence we arerecognizing six subspecies
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUMLast whorl almost smooth magisterLast whorl not smooth.Axial riblets very fine.Shell large, height more than 27 mm coUareShell small, height less than 22 mm poeyiAxial riblets not very fine.Axial ribs of last whorl irregular.Shell ovate seminudumShell elongate-ovate guitartiAxial ribs of last whorl not irregular leoniFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM MAGISTER, new subspeciesPlate 4, Figuees 19-21This subspecies comes from the mountains about Trinidad, S^-ntaClara Province. We have it from Nacimiento del Kio Caballeronear Letran and from La Vigia,
18 BULLiETI'N 181, UNTTE? STATES NlATTOCSflAlL MTJSIETJMIt is easily distinguished from the other subspecies by its verylarge size and much smoother surface, in which respect it approachesF. (F.) seminudum poeyi.The type, U.S.N.M No. 535914, which comes from Nacimientodel Kio Caballero, has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height,33.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.4 mm.FARCIMEN (FAKCIMEN) SEMINUDUM COLLARE (Poey MSS.). new subspeciesPlate 4, Figuees 7-9This subspecies is rather widely distributed. It ranges fromCorrallilo eastward along the hills of the north coast to the Sierrade Meneses, Santa Clara Province. We have it also from a fewscattered places to the south of this range. Through this range wefind considerable variation, not so much in size and general shapeas in the strength of the peristome and the amount of its reflectionover the umbilicus, which is also of variable width, sometimes beingquite open. There is likewise considerable variation in the strengthof the obsolete angle at the outer limitation of the umbilicus. Anyof these characters, if constant, might suggest subspecific distinc-tion, but in the present instance this is precluded because in thelarge series of specimens before us we find that the variations re-ferred to may be present in any of the population groups examined.Almost 60 lots, most of them representing a considerable series, arebefore us. The subspecies is much larger than F. (F.) semiTVudum
'poeyi, with which it shares the fine axial ribbing.As a rule, in perfect specimens the early whorls are covered bya thin golden-yellow periostracum ; the later whorls are dark, andby far the largest percentage of specimens are bicolor, though uni-color individuals are not rare.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535909, comesfrom La Cantarilla, San Juan de los Yeras, Santa Clara Province.It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 28.6 mm.; greaterdiameter, 14.7 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM POEYI, new subspeciesPlate 4, Figures 25-27We have this subspecies from Loma de Santa Fe, Caniajuani;San Juan de los Remedies, near Santa Clara ; Orillas del Rio Cala-bazas, Placetas; Los Damas near Guayos; Central Mapos, west ofSabana, Sancti Spiritus.This subspecies and F. {F.) s. collare are distinguished from allthe others by having very fine, closely spaced axial riblets, which
THE CYCL.OPHORID LAN-D MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 19
are quite regular on the last turn. It differs from F. (F.) s. collareby its much smaller size.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535917, comes from Loma de Santa Fe.It has 6.5 whorls and measures : Height, 20.0 mm. ; greater diameter,11.8 mm. FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM SEMINUDUM (Poey)Plate 4, Figukes 22-241854. Megalomastoma seminudum Poey, Memorias sobre la historia natural de laIsia de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 405-406.This subspecies comes from the region of Trinidad. We have itfrom La Vigia, Fomento, and Giiinia de Soto, and from Arroyo LaLima, Finca el Retiro, and Cagiieiras in Sancti Spiritus.This race is small compared with F. (F.) seminiidum magisfer, fromwhich it is also readily distinguished by the irregularity of the axialriblets of the last whorl. It resembles most closely F. (F.) seminudumguitarti, from which it differs in having the shell much more inflated.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535915, is one received fromPoey without specific locality. It has 5.0 whorls remaining and meas-ures : Height, 22,8 mm. ; greater diameter, 11.7 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM GUITARTI, new subspeciesPlate 4, Figukes 1-3This subspecies was collected by Guitart at Finca Caimiabo, SanctiSpiritus. It is a small race, with the axial riblets on the last turnirregularly developed. It resembles most nearly the typical F. (F.)seminudwn semAinv/ium (Poey), from which it differs by its smallersize and much less inflated turns.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 635916, has 5.2 whorls remaining and meas-ures : Height, 21.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.4 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM LEONI, new subspeciesPlate 4, Figures 16-18This subspecies was collected by Hermano Leon and Professor Gui-tart at Hornos de Cal, Vista Alegre, Sancti Spiritus, Santa ClaraProvince. It is a little smaller than F. {F.) seminudum magister andhas the axial ribs more strongly developed. It is much larger thanthe other three subspecies here listed, differing also from F. (F.) semi-nudum poeyi in having the axial ribs stronger and from the other twosmaller races in having them regular on the last whorl.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535903, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas-ures : Height, 25.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.
20 BULLETIN 181, UNIT'ED STATES NIATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORREI (Guitart)Plate 6, Figuees 4-61936. Mcgalomastoma torrei Gotart, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. "FelipePoey," 1936, pp. 105-106, figs. 1, 2.Shell very small, elongate-ovate. The early whorls are wax yellowwith an orange flush, the last one being darker. The nuclear whorlsare decollated. Postnuclear whorls rather well rounded, marked byslender, almost hairlike, slightly retractively curved axial riblets whichare about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. Theseriblets become a little more distantly spaced on the last whorl. Suturewell constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted,openly, moderately broadly umbilicated, the umbilical angle markedby an obsolete cord. Aperture circular; peristome thickened, excepton the parietal wall, where it is much thinner. Operculum typicallyfarcimenid.The specimens in our collection are paratypes received from Guitartand were collected on the banks of the Eio Manajanabo. The speci-men described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535918, has 4.5 whorls re-maining and measures : Height, 16.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 8.4 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM, new speciesShell varying from medium size to large, pale chestnut-brown, withthe peristome pale yellow. The nucleus consists of a little more thanone turn, which is well rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorlsrather inflated, moderately well rounded, marked by almost vertical,gently curved axial riblets which are about as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded.Base rather openly umbilicated with an obtuse carina marking theouter edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by thecontinuation of the axial riblets. xVperture circular, oblique, decidedlyexpanded ; the peristome is Broadly expanded, reflected, and decidedlythickened, somewhat auriculated at the posterior angle and also atthe posterior portion of the inner lip, which does not touch the pre-ceding turn. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species occupies the northeastern mountains of Santa ClaraProvince.We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key anddescriptions will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUMDiameter more than 17 mm obesumDiameter less than 15 mm subobesum
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSIKS OF AMEKI'CA 21FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM OBESUM, new snbspeciesPlate 3, Figures 7-9This race was collected by Bartsch on Loma Platero. It is muchmore gibbose than the smaller eastern race, F. (F.) o. subobesum.We have also seen specimens of it from Seibado de Yaguajay and fromEl Eesbalillo, Cambao, Yaguajay, and Eemedios.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535908, comes from Loma Platero. It has4.5 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 31.4 mm. ; greater diam-eter, 18.6 mm.Bartsch described the animal of specimens collected on Loma Plateroas being of a general pale pink tone with huffish snout. The whole bodyexcept the sole of the foot is covered with small flattened tubercles,which are marked by numerous fine white dots. Tentacles brightcoral-red. Sole of foot pale pink.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM SUBOBESUM, new snbspeciesPlate 3, Figures 19-21This race ranges through the mogotes about Remedios and Yagua-jay. We have it from the Dos Sierras, Central San Agustin ; Caicaje,Loma de Bueno Vista and the north slope of the Sierra de Meneseseast of Yaguajay, also opposite Jungalito. It can be easily distin-guished from typical F. (F.) obesum ohesum by its much smaller sizeand less gibbose form.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516710, comes from the paredones on thenorth side of the second mogote west of the gap in the Dos Sierras,Santa Clara Province. It has 6 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 28.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.5 mm.The specimens collected by Bartsch at the Central San Agustin andin the Sierra de Jatibonico, opposite Los Broquelles, were describedby him as having the entire animal flesh colored with a rosy flush,with the tentacles bright coral-red. The papillae of the sides withnumerous white dots.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer)Shell elongate-ovate, varying very greatly in size in the differentsubspecies. The early whorls are wax yellow; this changes to dullorange on the succeeding turns and finally to dull reddish brown, ordull plum purple on the last whorl. Peristome white with a yellowtinge. Interior of the aperture reddish brown. Nuclear whorlsalmost 2, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls stronglyrounded, the first marked by more or less regular, retractively slant-
22 BULLiETIN 181, IHSTIT'EiD SiTATES imTTOiNiAaL. MUSEfUMing axial riblets which on the succeeding whorls break up into shorterelements to form a very complex and irregular network of meshes,between which deep pits are present. The pittings rather than themeshes that enclose them catch one's eye. Suture deeply constricted.Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced, openly umbili-cated, with the edge of the umbilicus more or less carinated, notpitted. Umbilical wall marked by lines of growth only. Apertureoval with the long axis oblique to that of the spire. Peristome de-cidedly expanded, thickened, and reflected, excepting the parietalportion, widest on the columella, more or less alate at the posteriorpart of the columella and outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species is confined to the Trinidad Mountain complex ofsouthern Santa Clara Province.KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUMShell large, height about 30 mm magnificumShell medium sized, height about 25 mm alutaceumShell small, height about 17 mm digitaleFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM MAGNIFICUM, new subspeciesPlate 4, Figures 13-15This subspecies occurs at Sopimpa, Santa Clara Province. Theshell of this race is very large, agreeing in shape and sculpture withF. (F.) alutaceum alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer) and F. (F.) alu-taceum digitale (Gundlach) , from which it differs by a little weakerpitting on the last turn and by its gigantic size.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535898,, has 5.3 whorls remaining andmeasures : Height, 30.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.4 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer)Plate 4, Figures 10-121846. Cyclostoma alutaceum (Menke) Pfeiffee, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 3, pp.85-86.We have this typical race from Quemado Feo, north of Trinidad.It is intermediate in size between F. {F.) alutaceum, magniilcum andF. (F.) alutaceum digitale (Gundlach). It has the whorls a little lessconvex.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535899, has 4.5whorls remaining and measures : Height, 25.1 mm. ; greater diameter,13.3 mm.
THE CYCl/OPHORID LAjS^D MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 23FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM DIGITALE (Gundlach)Plate 4, Figures 4-61857. Megalomastoma digitale Gundlach, Malak. Blatter, vol. 4, p. 114.We have this small race from Letran and Puriales in Trinidad;Soledad near Cienfuegos; Ternero; and Sierra de San Juan, SantaClara Province. The small size of this subspecies will easily differ-entiate it from the rest.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535900, comesfrom Letran and has 5 whorls remaining. It measures: Height,16.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.1 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ROCAI, new speciesPlate 5, Figures 13-15Shell of medium size, the early whorls pale yellowish, the last chest-nut-brown; peristome yellowish white. The nucleus consists of alittle more than one well-rounded smooth turn. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded and marked by irregular, slightly retractivelycurved, somewhat sinuous, poorly developed axial riblets, whichbranch and anastomose in an irregular manner. In addition to thisthere are fine irregular pittings suggesting those of F. {F.) alutaceum([Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture well constricted. Periphery wellrounded. Base sloping suddenly toward the obsolete carina thatmarks the outer edge of the open umbilicus. The umbilical wall ismarked by the continuation of the incremental lines. Aperture cir-cular; peristome double, the outer decidedly expanded, thin at theedge, concave, turned up into conspicuous auricles at the posteriorangle and at the posterior termination of the outer peristome of theinner lip. It is very narrow on the parietal wall, touching the pre-ceding whorl only in the middle. Operculum typically farcimenid.The type, U. S. N. M. No. 535905, was collected by Father Roca atCabezadas del Caracusey, which is between Trinidad and SanctiSpiritus, Santa Clara Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining andmeasures : Height, 17.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.8 mm.The irregular sculpture and "worm-eaten" pittings suggest a closeaffinity with F. (F.) ahUaceum, from which it can readily be dis-tinguished by the sharp-edged outer peristome, which lacks the heavythickening characteristic of F. (F.) alutaceum.. Prof. P. Guitart hasalso collected specimens of this at Cortinas de Corengue and Veguetasde Buenos Aires.
24 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM (Orbigny)Moderately large shells of very elongate-ovate outline. Earlywhorls flesh colored or orange in one race ; the last or last two whorlspurplish brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.3, small, well rounded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit,marked by fairly regularly developed, slender, retractively curvedaxial riblets, which on the last whorl are almost sigmoid ; these ribletsare narrower than the spaces that separate them. In addition to this,the whorls show distantly, irregularly distributed, small, round pitssuggestive of F. (F.) alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture mod-erately constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly pro-tracted, moderately openly umbilicated and marked like the spire.Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, except that ofthe parietal wall, much thickened, with the posterior edge of thereflection of the outer lip sharp. The peristome of the inner lip isdecidedly produced, which lends to the aperture an earlike appear-ance, hence the name. It does not approach the preceding whorl butis separated from it by a large gap. A knoblike thickening may bepresent at the posterior termination of the peristome of both the innerand outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid.We are recognizing four subspecies, three of which appear confinedto the southwest side of Santa Clara and southeast of MatanzasProvinces, while the fourth stretches from the north coast at Cardenassouthward to Coliseo and San Miguel.KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUMPeristome very much thickened senectumPeristome not very much thickened.Early whorls orange clenchiEarly whorls pale.Shell large, height more than 29 mm bicolorShell smaller, height less than 26 mm auriculatumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM SENECTUM, new subspeciesPlate 5, Figukes 1(>-18Two specimens from Cayo Carenas, near Cienfuegos, collected byHenderson appear to be semifossil. They differ very greatly from theother subspecies in having the peristome enormously thickened anddecidedly effused on the columellar side.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535911, has 5 whorls remaining and meas-ures : Height, 26.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.1 mm.
THE CY?IiO'PHORTD LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKICA 25FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM CLENCHI, new subspeciesPlate 5, Figures 7-9We have this subspecies from Colonia Giiabairo, Central Soledad,Cienfuegos; and Hatiguanico, Cabo Zapata, Santa Clara Province.It is much larger than the typical F. (F.) auriculatum auriculatum(Orbigny) and much darker in coloration, the early whorls usuallybeing deep orange or the next to the last rosy and the last plum colored.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535913, comes from Guabairo. It has 5.3whorls remaining and measures : Height, 30.0 mm. ; greater diameter,14.7 mm. FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM BICOLOR (Gould)Plate 5, Figures 19-211S44. Cyclostoma auriculatum Ucolor Gould, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4,cover p. 494.This race centers around Coliseo ; we have it also from Los Chivos,Cimarrones, near Cardenas, Matanzas Province. It resembles mostnearly the typical race in shape, sculpture, and coloration, also in theshape of the aperture, but it is uniformly larger.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535912, was collected by Bartschon the steep paredones west of the pass at Coliseo. It has 7.8 whorlsremaining and measures : Height, 30.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.0 nun.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM AURICULATUM (Orbigny)Plate 5, Figures 1-31842. Cyclostoma auriculatum Orbigny, in Sagra's Histoire physique, politique etnaturelle de I'lle de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 257, pi. 22, figs. 1, 2.1851. Cyclostoma solenatum Foey, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Islade Cuba, vol. 1, pi. 7, figs. 17, 18.1852. Cyclostoma idolum (F6russac MS.) Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumono-pomorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 130.We have seen this subspecies from the following localities: Zara-banda and Yaguaramas, Santa Clara Province. It differs from F.(F.) auriculatum hicolor (Gould), with which it agrees most closely, inthe shape of the aperture and in being much smaller ; it is less dark incolor than F. (F.) auriculatu/m clenchi.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535910, which comes fromZarabanda, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 25.0 mm.
;
greater diameter, 12.7 mm.
26 BULLETIN 181, UTSTITEiD STATES NIATIO!NiAiL MUSETJMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORTUM (Wood)Plate 5, Fiqubes 10-12, 22-241828. Turbo tortus Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl., p. 20, fig. 32.1828. Cyclostoma tortum Wood, ihid., p. 36, pi. 6, fig. 32.1851. Cyclostoma apertum Poey. Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla deCuba, vol. 1, pi. 7, figs. 15, 16.1854. Megalomastoma apertum Poey, ibid., p. 405.Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate. Early whorls wax yellow,turning to brown on the last turn. Peristome white. Nuclear whorls1.7, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, theearly ones marked by very regular, very closely spaced, hairlike axialriblets, which evanesce on the last turn. Faint indications of spirallirations are also present. Suture strongly constricted, rendered con-spicuous by the very narrowly shouldered summit of the whorls.The last whorl is rather long, bounded anteriorly by a low roundedcarina, which marks the outer edge of the moderately broad openumbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by axial threads, whichare stronger here than on the outside of the last turn. Apertureoblique, subcircular; peristome very much thickened, reflected, nar-rower on the parietal wall and the columella. Operculum typicallyfarcimenid.The two specimens figured, U.S.N.M. No. 516857, came from LosPalos, Nueva Paz, Habana Province. They were collected by Arango.One, a complete specimen, has 6.5 whorls; the other has 5.2 whorlsremaining. They measure, respectively: Height, 27.0, 23.5 mm.;greater diameter, 14.0, 13.9 mm.There are 38 lots in the collection of the United States NationalMuseum, all of which fall within the range mentioned above.Wood's small figure has caused endless confusion. Most authorsbelieved that it represented what we are here calling Farcinien yseudo-tortwm^ which occupies a region of eastern Cuba that was not exploredin 1828. The aperture as figured by Wood is not quite normal forF. apertum Poey, a common species in Habana Province, but speci-mens with the characters here depicted are not infrequent. Theswollen, overhanging middle whorl is also of not infrequent occur-rence in F. apertum Poey, all of which leads us to believe that F.tortum is without question Farcimen apertum Poey, which name itmust replace.In 1851 Poey {loc. cit.) gave two figures of what he called Cyclos-toma apertum. Evidently through correspondence with Pfeiffer hewas led to believe that his figures represented a variety of F. auricu-latum, for in 1854 {loc. cit.) he states that the figures were bad. Here
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKICIA 27he gives a description of the shell and cites the south coast of Cubaas the home of the species. He also mentiones the ingenio (sugarmill) of Don J. Poey near Alacranes as a source of some of his material.We believe that Poey's figures are not at all bad, that they repre-sent quite well the species that occurs abundantly between Habanaand Matanzas. Many specimens distributed by Poey with the nameMegalomastoma apertum belong to this species and add additionalsupport to our conclusion. Also, Gundlach, in Pfeiffer (Malakozool.Blatter, vol. 3, p. 122, 1856), describes the animal of Megalomastomaapertum and cites therewith Loma de Camoa as the first definite lo-cality for the species, which we shall consider the restricted typedesignation. A translation of Gundlach's description of the animalis as follows
:
Animal beautiful rose-red with coral-red antennae, small blackeyes on the outer bases of the short antennae. In moving about thehead is projected very slowly about two lines beyond the shell andthe shell is then rapidly drawn after it. The caudal portion doesnot project beyond the operculum.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer)Medium-sized shells with the early whorls wax color or a littledusky; the later turns considerably darker, in some cases even plumcolored. Nuclear whorls small, a little more than 2, well rovmded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, rather strongly rounded,marked by mere incremental lines or slender riblets, which vanishon the middle of the turns and are most emphasized on the posteriorportion. There are faint indications of spiral hair lines. Thesemay be mere color markings. Suture moderately well constricted.Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated with astrongly rounded carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.Aperture almost circular; peristome broadly expanded and reflectedexcept on the inner lip, which is narrower and adnate to the preced-ing turn. Operculum typically farcimenid.The species is confined to the eastern end of Pinar del Rio and thewestern part of Habana Provinces where three races are recognizable.KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHIAxial riblets obsolete gundlachiAxial riblets not obsolete.Shell small, height less than 20 mm gundlachiellumShell larger, height more than 22 mm anafense
28 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATE? NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer)Plate G, Figxjres 22-241856. Megalomastoma gundlacM Pfeiffee, Malak. Blatter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 121.1857. Megalomastoma gundlacM Pfeiffer, Nov. Conch., vol. 1, p. 96, pi. 26,figs. 20-22.Henderson and Bartsch collected this subspecies at various placesin the Cuzco Mountain complex. For example, El Mulo; the upperreaches of the Kio Hondo ; Pena Blanca (El Huro) ; Lomas de Cuzco
;
and Salto de Manantiales. The typical subspecies is remarkablysmooth, with scarcely any indication of riblets at the summit, inwhich respect it differs from F. {F.) gundlachi gundlachiellmn,which has slight ribbing on the posterior half of the turns.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535920, comes from Loma delCuzco (El Mulo). It has 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 24.3mm. ; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHIELLUM, new subspeciesPl.\te G, Figxtees 1-3We have this small race from the mountains north of Candelaria,such as El Taburete, Cayajabos, and Mogote Soton. Its smaller sizewill readily distinguish it from the other two subspecies.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535924, coming from El Taburete, Caya-jabos, has 5.1 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.6 mm.;greater diameter, 10.8 mm.Bartsch describes the animal of this subspecies, which he collectedat Soton on a hillside west of Taburete, June 11, 1928, as follows:Animal flesh colored with a pinkish suffusion. The tentacles in somespecimens are a trifle pinker than the general tone of the body; inothers they are coral-red. Eyes black, situated at the outer base ofthe tentacles.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI ANAFENSE, new subspeciesPlate 6, Figures 25-27This subspecies appears to be restricted to the Sierra de Anafe.We have a lot from Guanajay, Pinar del Kio Province, however,which agrees in every way with it. It resembles most nearly thetypical race but is easily distinguished from that by having the axialribs of the early whorls much finer and more closely spaced. Thelast whorl is also smoother.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535923, comes from Loma de Anafe. Ithas 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 22.3 mm.; greater diameter,11.0 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiRIC'A 29FARCBVIEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM (Pfeiffer)Shell varying from small to medium sized, elongate-ovate, usuallywax yellow or with the last whorl much darker, even plum colored.Nuclear whorls about 2, quite small, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by slightlysinuous axial riblets, which vary materially in spacing and develop-ment in the two races here recognized. Suture moderately con-stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, marked by anobsolete carina at the junction with the umbilicus, which is moder-ately open. Aperture subcircular; peristome thickened and reflected,fairly uniform in size excepting that of the parietal wall, which ismuch narrower and adnate to the preceding turn. Operculum typi-cally farcimenid.The species is confined to the central part of Pinar del Rio Prov-ince. We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following keywill help to differentiate:KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUMShell large, height more than 24 mm leoninumShell small, height less than 21 mm leonellumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONINUM (Pfeiffer)Plai-e 5, FiGUEEs 25-271856. Megalomastoma leoninum Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 122.1857. Megalomastoma leoninum Pfeiffek, Nov. Conch., vol. 1, p. 97, pi. 26,figs. 23-25.This medium-sized race comes from the higher reaches aboutRangel. The axial ribs are comparatively strong and rather dis-tantly spaced, particularly upon the early whorls. Its larger sizewill easily differentiate this subspecies from F. {F.) leoninumleonellum.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535922, comes from the coffeeplantation on the summit of Rangel. It has 5.4 whorls remaining andmeasures: Height, 25.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONELLUM, new subspeciesPlate 5, FiGt^ES 4-6We have this subspecies from San Jose, Rangel ; Sierra de Limones,and also from a station on the road between Rangel and Guajaibon.It differs from the typical race in being considerably smaller anddarker colored and in having the anterior portion of the whorls onlyslightly ribbed.428349?42 3
30 BULLETIN 181, UTSTITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe type, U.S.N.M. No. 535921, which comes from San Jose, Rangel,has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 20.3 mm.; greaterdiameter, 10.3 mm. FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) MANI (Poey)Pl.\te 6, Figures 16-181851. Cyclostoma mani Poey, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla deCuba, vol. 1, pi. 7, figs. 19^22.1854. Megaloniastoma mani Poey, iUd., pp. 404-405.Shell moderately large, elongate-ovate, wax colored throughout,or with the last whorl brownish or even purplish. Peristome paleyellow. Nuclear whorls about 1.7, small, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked on the earlyturns by closely spaced, slender axial riblets, which are as fine ashairs. On the middle whorl these become quite reduced and on thelater ones obsolete. Suture rather strongly constricted. Peripherywell rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowly umbilicated, withan obsolete carina marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperturesubcircular; peristome broadly expanded, particularly so on the innerlip, where it is decidedly produced, a little narrower on the parietalwall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn.The specimen described and figured, a topotype, U.S.N.M. No.535925, was received from Poey. It has 7.3 whorls remainmg andmeasures : Height, 26.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.5 mm.This species comes from the general region of Rangel and the SantaCruz River, and extends northward to Rancho Lucas in the MountGuajaibon region.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VENTRICOSUM (Orbigny)Plate 6, Figuees 13-151842. Cyclostoma ventricosa Okbigny, in Sagra's Histoire physique, politique etnaturelle de I'lle de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 256, pi. 21, fig. 13.Shell ovate, decidedly inflated, pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.5,small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls increase veryrapidly, inflated, strongly rounded and marked on the early whorls byfine, almost hairlike, retractively curved axial riblets, which on thefirst turn are very distantly spaced, while on the succeeding turnsthey become decidedly closely approximated, being separated on thesecond turn by spaces about as wide as the riblets. On the last threeturns they are obsolete or rather replaced by irregular and irregu-larly distributed incremental lines. The summit of the whorls isslightly narrowly shouldered, which renders the suture rather con-
THE Cl-CLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKICA 31
spicuoiis. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, wellrounded, with a rounded carina marking the outer edge of the openumbilicus. Aperture almost circular; peristome rather broadly ex-panded, thickened, and marked by concentric lines of growth ofabout equal width, except that of the parietal wall, which is muchnarrower. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species is restricted to Pan de Guajaibon, where it is veryabundant about Hato Sagua. The specimen described and figured,U.S.N.M. No. 535928, is one of a large series collected by Hendersonand Bartsch. It has 7.3 whorls and measures: Height, 29.3 mm.;greater diameter, 17.2 mm.This species is easily distinguished from all other Farcimens by itsstout, short, decidedly inflated form.FARCIMEN (FARCEWEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM, new speciesShell varying greatly in form in the different subspecies; in someit is elongate-ovoid; in others, elongate-conic. In color the shellsvary from soiled wax color to pale orange to pale brown; they maybe unicolor or darker on the later turns, and the last may even bepurplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded. In one sub-species they are marked by rather strong, well-defined axial ribs onall but the last turn. In others, the axial riblets are in the form ofhair lines on the early turns, evanescing shortly thereafter. Sutureconstricted to a varying degree in the different races. Peripherywell rounded. Base moderately produced in all the races, moderatelybroadly openly umbilicated with a rounded carina at the outer limitof the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome moderately ex-panded, decidedly thickened and reflected, protracted on the columel-lar wall and decidedly narrowed on the parietal wall and marked byconcentric lines of growth. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species ranges from the Rio San Diego north of San Diego delos B alios, through the Organos Mountains to Pan de Guajaibon,through the Sierra Chiquita, west through the Sierra de Galalon andSierra de Pico Chico ; the Sierra de San Andres to Vinales.We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following keywill help to distinguish
:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUMAxial riblets rather strong multistriatinumAxial riblets not strong.Shell slender balneorumShell stout subventricosum
32 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM MULTISTRIATINUM, new subspeciesPlate 6, Figubes 19^21This race appears to extend from Los Lagunitas, near tlie Sierra deGalalon to San Jose and to certain of the mogotes of the San Diegode los Baiios complex. It is easily differentiated from the others byhaving rather strong regular axial riblets on all but the last whorl.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535934, comes from Los Lagunitas. It has6.2 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 31.5 mm.; greater diam-eter, 15.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM BALNEORUM, new subspeciesPlate 6, Figtjees 10-12This race occupies the mogotes and mountainsides bordering theRio San Diego, north of San Diego de los Baiios, apparently on bothsides of the river. It is a smaller and slenderer race than F. (F.) sub-ventricoswn mvUistriatinum. It also has the ribbing merely indicated.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535935, comes from the Cueva de los Indioson the east bank of the Hio San Diego. It has 8 whorls and measures
:
Height, 28.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 12.8 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM SUBVENTRICOSUM, new subspeciesPlate 6, Figxjbes 7-9This subspecies extends from Pan de Guajaibon westward throughthe Organos Mountains to Vinales. It is a subventricose race wliosewhorls are narrowly shouldered at the summit and whose axial sculp-ture is reduced to mere lines of growth. It somewhat suggests F. (F.)ventricosum (Orbigny), but is easily distinguished from that speciesby its less inflated form. It differs from the other subspecies by itsmore inflated form and less strong sculpture.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535933, comes from the northeast end ofPan de Guajaibon. It has 6.5 whorls remaining and measures : Height,30.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.7 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE, new speciesShell elongate-conic, varying materially in outline, unicolor, waxcolored or pale orange or with the last whorl much darker, even plumcolored; peristome white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls two, wellrounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are marked by slen-der, rather feebly developed axial threads, which vary materially inspacing in the two subspecies. The succeeding whorls are inflated,strongly rounded and marked by less strong threads, which graduallygrow weaker and evanesce on the last whorl. Suture strongly con-
THE CYCLOPHOBID LAZSTD MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 33
stricted. Base moderately prolonged, bounded by a rounded carinaat the junction with the open umbilicus. Aperture almost circular;peristome broadly expanded, thickened, and reflected, broadest on thecolumellar wall where it is protracted, narrowest on the parietal wall
;
peristome is marked by concentric lines of gi'owth. Operculum typi-cally farcimenid.We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key willhelp to differentiate
:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARaMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSEShell elongate vinalenseShell not elongate scopulorumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE VINALENSE, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figxjres 4-6This subspecies ranges about the region of Vinales. We have itfrom the Ensenada de los Bafios; the valley east of Baiios de SanVicente; Cueva de las Delicias, Sierra de Vinales; the paredon ofthe Puerta del Ancon; Sierra de la Chorrera and Hoyo de Jaruco.It is a decidedly narrow race, of almost cylindric outline, with veryrounded whorls, which readily distinguish it from the more regu-larly conic F. (F.) vinalense scopulormn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535929, comes from the Ensenada de losBahos. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 28.8 mm.; greaterdiameter, 14.1 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE SCOPULORUM, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figukes 7-9We have this subspecies from the mogotes around Kilometer 14between Pinar del Rio and Vinales, also from the mogotes adjacentto the road between Viilales and the Puerta del Ancon, for example
:
The Mogotes de la Vega, Capon, Coco Solo, Puertecitas, Truiillo,Pahnarito, Zacarias, Dinamita, Eojas, Cuajani, Rinconada, and Vigil.This race differs from typical F. (F.) vinalense vinalense in beingsmaller, less elongated, more conic, and stouter and in having thewhorls slightly less rounded.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535930, comes from the mogote on thenortheast side of the road at Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio andVinales. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 27.3 mm.; greaterdiameter 14.4 mm.Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison has dissected specimens of this sub-species and has furnished us with the following description basedupon alcoholic material, No. 6674, collected by Bartsch on Mogotede la Dinamita.
34 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATEiSi NATIONAL MUSEUMThe foot is short, oval, with undivided sole. The snout is ofmedium length, tapering, conical, truncate at the tip. The tentaclesare short, slightly tapering, but blunt at their tips. The eyes aresmall, borne on slight prominences at the outer base of the tentacles.The verge is conspicuous in male individuals. It is attached on theside of the neck, lateral to the right tentacle, and furnished onlywith a seminal groove. The verge is basally somewhat flattened, anda little swollen in appearance, gradually tapered to a subcylindricalglandular portion near the tip. The seminal groove begins at theopening of the vas deferens and extends diagonally across the bodysurface to the posterior basal point of attacliment of the verge, andcontinues on the under or posterior side of the verge, to the narrowlyrounded tip. Ordinarily the terminal part of the verge is loopedor folded upon itself, along the side of the foot.The jaw is composed of two triangular pieces hinged togetherdorsally. The median edge of each jaw is thickened into an obscureridge which projects as a distinct cutting point, on the free edge ofthe jaw. The surface of the jaw is marked with diagonal striations(or rows of diamond-shaped scalelike elements) ; running nearly for-ward at the median line, these extend over the ridge, where theygradually change direction, to extend diagonally to the cutting edge.The radula has the characteristic formula of the family Cyclo-phoridae. The central is tricuspid, much higher than wide. Thelateral is tricuspid, oblique, the central cusp much larger than theother two. The inner marginal is somewhat oblique, and bears threecusps, the middle one twice as long as the two smaller ones. Theshorter, outer marginal tooth bears only two subequal cusps on itscutting edge.The reduction of cusps to two on the outer marginal tooth appearsto be characteristic of the genus Farcirrien.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM, new speciesShell large, rather stout, very elongate-ovate. Early whorls waxyellow, gradually turning darker, the major tint being chestnut-brown ; the last whorl may even be purplish. Nuclear whorls about 2,small, well-rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, stronglyrounded ; the early ones marked by slender, well-elevated axial riblets,which are rather distantly spaced. These riblets evanesce, and on thelast two turns they are indicated as mere lines of growth. Suturestrongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather short,well rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a roundedcarina at the outer termination of the umbilical wall. Aperture circu-lar; peristome decidedly thickened and reflected, produced on themiddle of the columella wall, and much narrower and somewhat sinu-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKSi OF AMEKIOA 35ous on the parietal wall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn.Operculum typically farcimenid.
"We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key willdifferentiate
:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUMShell large, height about 30 mm superbumShell smaller, height about 26 mm itinerariumFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM SUPERBUM, new subspeciesPlate 7, FiGtiKES 28-30This subspecies occurs on the mountains forming the rim of LosAcostas and Luis Lazo and extends from there eastward on the northside through Pan de Aziicar and Costanera del Abra to the Costanerade San Vicente. On the south side it extends through Isabel Mariato the Sierra del Infierno. This race differs from F. (F.) sujyerbum,itinerarmm^ in being much larger with the whorls more inflated andmore rounded.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535931, comes from the Sierra de los Acos-tas, Luis Lazo, Pinar del Rio. It has 8 whorls and measures : Height,32.5 mm.; greater diameter, 16.5 mm,FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM ITINERARIUM, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figures 10-12This subspecies extends from the Potrerito at Luis Lazo, through themogotes bordering the road from there to Sumidero, Cabezas andIsabel Maria, in Pinar del Rio Province.It is smaller than the typical race and is more inclined to have thelast whorl purplish.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535932, comes from Potrerito. It has 7.1whorls and measures : Height, 26.6 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.1 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI, new speciesShell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color on the earlywhorls from flesh colored to pale chestnut-brown, while the laterturns are always darker; they may be unicolor, but usually tendtoward purplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls about 2, small, wellrounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded,marked in the one race by rather strong, retractively curved axialriblets; the other is almost without these. Suture quite stronglyconstricted. Periphery well rounded. Base only moderately pro-duced, openly moderately umbilicated. Aperture circular; peri-stome very much thickened and reflected, marked by concentric lines
36 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATE? NATIONAL MUSEUM
of growth, produced on the columella and much narrower on theparietal wall than on the rest. Operculum typically farcimenid.We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key willhelp to distinguish:KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONIAxial riblets strong catalinenseAxial riblets obsolete hendersoniFARCrWEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI CATALINENSE. new subspeciesPlate 7, Figures 22-24This race comes from La Catalina north of San Diego de losBaiios. We also have it from La Cumbre and Hato Caimito west ofPan de Guajaibon, Pinar del Eio Province. This is smaller thantypical F. (F.) hendersoni and has very pronounced, distantly spaced,slender riblets, which are present even on the last turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535937, comes from Cayito de la Catalina.It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 22.3 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 11.0 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI HENDERSONI, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figures 13-15This subspecies has a rather wide distribution, extending fromPaso Real through Teneria de Guane, through La Murrallia eastwardto Giiira de Luis Lazo; Lagiinillas; Mogote del Cerro de Cabras toCayo San Felipe; Consolacion del Sur and Entronque Herradura,Pinar del Eio Province. On the north side it extends throughMogote Pan de Aziicar, the valley east of Bahos de San Vicentethrough La Mina and Bella Maria, Pinar del Rio Province. Thisrace is a little larger than F. {F.) hendersoni catalinense and hasthe whorls almost smooth, while catalinense has them strongly ribbed.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535936, comes from the Mogote del Cerrode Cabras. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 24.0 mm.;greater diameter, 12.3 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ARANGOI, new speciesPlate 7, Figures 16-18Shell very small, ovate. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclearwhorls very strongly inflated, rounded, and marked by slender, re-tractively curved axial riblets, which grow irregular and less dif-ferentiated on the last turn. Suture strongly constricted. Base
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMERIOA 37
short, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by an obsolete keel atthe outer rim of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome onlymoderately expanded, rejflected, and slightly produced on the basallip, a little wider on the columellar wall than on the rest, almost aswide on the parietal wall as on the outer lip. The operculum is notknown.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535938, was collected by Arango at LaCaja, Pinar del Rio Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining andmeasures: Height, 16.1 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3 nrni.FARCIMEN (FARCEWEN) GUANENSE, new speciesShell elongate-ovate. Nuclear whorls white, the rest pale orange,or the last whorl may even be partly or wholly brilliant orange orpurplish. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit,the first three marked by slender, well-raised, rather closely spaced,and retractively slanting axial riblets, while on the remaining turnsthese become obsolete or are merely indicated near the summit.Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted,openly umbilicated, marked by a rounded carina at the umbilical junc-tion. Aperture circular : peristome rather broadly expanded and re-flected, protracted on the columella, narrower on the parietal walland marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typicallyfarcimenid.We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key willhelp to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSEShell large, about 28 mm. high guanenseShell small, about 23 mm. high lagunillenseFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE GUANENSE, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figures 1-3This race comes from the region of Guane. We have it from thecaves of the mogotes on the south side of the road opposite the Sierracle Guane ; Los Portales ; La Murrallia ; and from the mogote at Puntade la Sierra, Pinar del Rio Province. It is distinguished from F. (F.)guanense lagunillense by being much larger, more elongate and witha more protracted base.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535926, from Guane, has 7.6 whorls andmeasures : Height, 29.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.
38 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATEISI NATIONAL MUSEUMFARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE LAGUNILLENSE, new subspeciesPlate 7, Figukes 19-21This small race was collected by Wright at Lagunillas in the Dis-trict of San Juan Martinez, Pinar del Kio Province. It differs fromthe typical race in being much smaller, having the last whorl pro-tracted, and having the basal two-thirds of the last whorl orange col-ored or darker.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535927, has 6.4 whorls remaining and meas-ures: Height, 23.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.1 mm.FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PROCER (Poey)Plate 7, Figubes 25-271852. Cycjostoma tortum var. Poey, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Islade Cuba, vol. 1, pi. 13, figs. 12-18.1854. Megalomastoma procer Pobtt, ibid., p. 404.3S56. Megalomastoma complanatum Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 24,p. 36.Shell rather large, pale chestnut-brown with an olivaceous flush;the early whorls lighter and the last one darkest. Peristome white;interior of the aperture reflecting the external coloration. Nuclearwhorls almost 2, small, w^ell rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorlsare well rounded and marked by slightly retractively curved, slender,hairlike axial riblets on the early turns, which grow less strong on thesucceeding whorls and become obsolete on the last. Suture slightlyconstricted. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced,with an obsolete shoulder at the outer margin of the moderately wide-open umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded,widest on the inner lip, thick, reflected. The posterior portion of theexpanded lip almost touches the preceding turn and largely hides theumbilicus when viewed squarely. The peristome on the parietal wallis exceedingly narrow. Operculum typically farcimenid.This species comes from the Isle of Pines, where we collected it inlarge numbers on the Sierra de Casas, Sierra de Caballus, Sierra deColombo, and the Morrillo del Diablo. In the latter place they appearto be a trifle smaller.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535939, was col-lected by Bartsch at the northwestern part of the Sierra de Casas. Ithas almost 7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.;greater diameter, 15.9 mm.Aperostominae, new subfamilyCyclophorid moUusks having a helicoid shell and an operculumbearing calcifications on its external surface.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiRICA 39Genus CROCIDOPOMA Shuttleworth1857. Crocidopoma Shtjuleworth, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272.1891. Crocidopoma Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160. (Type, Crocidopomafloccosum (Shuttleworth).)This genus embraces small aperostomid molliisks whose whorls aremarked by strong spiral cords and whose operculum bears a stronglyelevated and outwardly reflected calcified lamella. The basalchondroid plate extends beyond the turns of the calcified lamella andbreaks up on the outside into slender, thin, fluted, and striatedfimbriations.Type: Cyclostoma {Cyclotus) -floccosum Shuttleworth =6^ro(7^-dopoma {Crocidopoma) floccosum, (Shuttleworth).The genus appears to be confined to Cuba and Hispaniola. It breaksup into two subgenera, the typical one of which, Crocidopoma, is con-fined to Hispaniola, while Cyclocuhana is restricted to Cuba.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF CROCIDOPOMAFimbriations of chondroid plate extending above edge of calcareouslamella Crocidopom.aFimbriations of chondroid plate not extending above edge of cal-careous lamella CyclocubanaCyclocubana, new subgenusIn this subgenus the fimbriations of the outer edge of the chondroidbasal plate extend but little if at all beyond the outer edge of thecalcareous lamella.Type: Cyclotus perdistinctus GundlsLoh.^ Crocidopoma {Cyclocu-hana) perdistinctum (Gundlach).KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENITS CYCLOCUBANAShell planorboid perdistinctumShell depressed-helicoid gundlacMCROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach)Shell planorboid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5. Post-nuclear whorls very strongly rounded, circular in cross-section withstrongly channeled suture, marked by well-raised spiral lirations vary-ing in number in the different subspecies. The axial sculpture con-sists of incremental lines. The last whorl may or may not be solute.Operculum typical of that of the subgenus.This species differs from Crocidopoina {Cyclocubana) gundlachiin having the spire very depressed ; in the latter, it is depressed-heli-coid. We are recognizing two subspecies
:
40 BULLETESr 181, U1ST:TED states NATTOISPAL IVnJSEUMKEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINOTUMSpiral cords at peristome 24 toroenseSpiral cords at peristome 31 perdistinctumCROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM TOROENSE, new subspeciesPlate 8, Figukes 10-12Shell planorboid. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth.Postnuclear whorls very much rounded, circular in cross section,marked by strongly elevated spiral cords, which are of almost equalstrength and are separated by spaces about three times as wide asthe cords. Of these cords 9 occur between the summit and theperiphery and 15 upon the remainder of the shell. The axial sculptureconsists of incremental lines and somewhat rough resting spaces.Suture very deeply openly channeled. The last whorl is solute forabout one-twentieth of a turn. Base very broadly openly umbilicated.Operculum as described for the subgenus.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 355777, was collected by Gundlach atMonte Toro, Guantanamo, Oriente Province. It has 4 whorls andmeasures : Height, 4.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.2 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 6.9 mm.The lesser number of spiral cords will differentiate this from typicalC. {C.) perdistinctuTii perdistinctu7n (Gundlach).CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach)Plate 8, Figubes 13-151858. Cyclotus perdistinctus GrrNDLACH, Malak. Blatter, vol. 5, pp. 192-193.Shell small, planorboid, thin, wax colored, with a greenish tinge.Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth, the last half turn showingthe merest beginning of the spiral sculpture of the succeeding turns,forming a very slightly elevated apex. Postnuclear whorls circularin cross section, marked by strongly elevated, slender spiral cords,which increase in number with the growth of the shell by intercalation.On the first postnuclear turn 4 of these cords are present on the spire
;
on the second, 7 between the summit and the periphery, while on thelast turn 31 can be counted in the circle of the peristome of the aper-ture. These spiral cords vary in strength, depending upon whetherthey represent intercalated elements or the major cord. They arenever so wide as the spaces that separate them and rarely wider thanone-half of the spaces. In addition to the spiral sculpture the shellis marked by slender incremental lines, which render the free edge ofthe cord slightly roughened. The last twentieth of a turn is solute.The underside shows a broad open umbilicus more or less funnel
THE CYCLOPHOEID LAJSID M0LLUSK9 OF AMEiRIClA 41
shaped, which shows all the whorls within. The inside of the oper-culum is convex, slightly calcified, showing all the turns, and theoutside shows 10 turns of an oblique, outward-turned, calcifiedlamella, which is marked by slender striations, the turns of thelamella overlapping each other somewhat like shingles on a roof,leaving, however, a narrow space between them.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535776, was col-lected at San Andres, near Keuter, Oriente Province by Dr. Ramsden,who has furnished information showing that this falls well withinGundlach's concept of Jurisdiccion, Cuba, his type locality. It has 4.1turns and measures: Height, 4.4 uim; greater diameter, 11.0 mm;lesser diameter, 7.6 mm.A translation of Gundlach's statement relative to the animal of thisspecies follows : I am using here the generic name Gyclotus because Iconsider the species more nearly related to Megalomastoma than Cyclo-stoma. The animal is very similar to that of Megalomastoma^ as wellas its mode of life under decaying leaves in the dark forest at thesugar plantation Felicitas in the region of Enramada. The animal isbright rose-red, with the head a little darker within, the antennae arecinnabar red and the forehead crossed by wrinkles. In crawling thealways very dirty shell is carried almost perpendicular.CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI, new speciesShell depressed-helicoid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5,Vv-ell rounded, smooth ; postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, circularin cross section, with strongly channeled suture. The postnuclearwhorls are marked by narrow, strongly elevated spiral cords, whichvary in number in the different subspecies and which increase in num-ber by intercalation as the shell increases in size. The spaces betweenthe spiral cords are wider than the spiral cords and they, as well as thecords, are crossed by incremental lines. Periphery well rounded ; basebroadly, openly umbilicated, and marked like the spire; the samesculpture extends into the umbilical wall. The last portion of thelast whorl may be adnate to the preceding turn or slightly solute.The operculum is typically that of the subgenus.The species occupies the mountain area of Oriente Province. Weare recognizing tliree subspecies
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHISpiral cords less than 25 ignotumSpiral cords more than 30.Greater diameter more than 10 mm gundlachiGreater diameter less than 9 mm wrighti
42 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL JNIUSEUMCROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI IGNOTUM, new subspeciesPlate 8, Figures 7-9In the Evezard collection of the National Museum there are twospecimens of a subspecies for which we have no specific locality. Theyare distinguished from the rest of the material at hand and agree per-fectly with each other. "VVe are, therefore, reluctantly bestowing a sub-specific name upon them.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535775, has 4.3 whorls and shows at the aper-ture 10 spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 7 on the baseand 7 on the umbilical wall. This measures: Height, 4.8 mm; greaterdiameter, 9.0 mm ; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm.The other specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 316425, has 4.2 whorls and thesame number of spiral cords as the type, and measures : Height, 7.4mm. ; greater diameter, 8.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm.The extremely small number of spiral cords differentiates it from theother two races.CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI, new subspeciesPlate 8, Figures 1-3This subspecies was collected by Gundlach at Monte Toro.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535773, has 4 whorls and at the apertureshows the following number of cords: Between the summit and theperiphery 10, on the base 10, on the umbilicus 16. It yields the follow-ing measurements : Height, 6.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.9 mm. ; lesserdiameter, 8.4 mm.CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI WRIGHTI. new subspeciesPlate 8, Figures 4-6In the National Museum we have four specimens collected by CharlesWright at Potosi, Oriente Province. Potosi, while not on recent maps,from information at hand we know is situated somewhere north ofMonte Libano and Felicidad. These specimens are differentiated fromthe other two members by being a little more closely coiled.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535774, has 4.1 whorls and measures : Height,5.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 8.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 6.9 mm. It has 12spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 11 on the base, and 8on the umbilical wall, a total of 31 when viewed at the aperture.The other two specimens are complete and yield, respectively, thefollowing information: Number of whorls, 4.1 and 3.7; number ofspiral cords between the summit and suture, 12 and 12 ; spiral cords onbase, 10 and 8; spiral cords on the umbilical wall, 10 and 10. Theymeasure respectively: Height, 5.3 and 5.0 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3and 8.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 6.5 and 6.2 mm.
Part 2.?THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF THEWEST INDIES, EXCLUSIVE OF CUBABy Paul BaktschFamily CYCLOPHORIDAE GrayFor a definition of the family, see p. 3.KEY TO THE ANTILLEAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAEShell elongate-turrited MegalomastominaeShell not elongate-turrited.Shell pupoid DiplommatininaeShell not pupoid, but planorboid or helicoid.Operculum ehondroid AmphicyclotinaeOperculum calcified AperostominaeSubfamily Megalomastominae Torre and BartschCyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turritedshell. Operculum corneous.For complete diagnosis, see p. 3.KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMINAEShell large and robust.Whorls of operculum fused FarcimenWhorls of operculum distinct rarcimoidesShell not large and robust, but small and thin MegalomastomaGenus FARCIMEN TroschelFor diagnosis of the genus, see p. 4.The subgenus Farcimen is restricted to the island of Cuba and istherefore not considered in this part of our paper.Subgenus Neopupina Kobelt1854. Megaloma Woodward, A manual of the MoUusca, p. 177 (not MegalomaHall, 1852).1856. Lomastoma Woodwakd, ihid., p. xviii (not Rafinesque, 1819).1902. Neopupina Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 262.This subgenus differs from the Cuban Farcimen in having a morecylindric shell and in having the peristome sharp, i. e., not broadlythickened and reflected. Operculum a thin ehondroid multispiralplate. 43
44 BULLETIN ISl, UNITED STATES NATIONAL RIUSEUMType : Megalomastoma -fiavuJa Swainson = Helix cvocea Gmelin =Farclmen (Neopvpina) croceum (Gmelin).The anatomy of Farcimen (N.) croceum (Gmelin) and F. {N.)curtum (Dall and Simpson) yields the radiila formula 3:3:3:3. Thejaw is provided with a median projection, and the verge is attachedto the side of the neck, gradually tapering without a terminal ap-pendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOPUPINAAxial ribs strong curtumAxial ribs not strong.Shell large, height more than 30 mm croceumShell small, height less than 20 mm hjalmersoniFARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CURTUM (Dall and Simpson)Plate 9, Figures 32-34 (type) ; Figukes 35-371901. Megalomastoma croceum curtum Dall and Simpson, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.for 1900, vol. 1, p. 434, pi. 53, fig. 2.Shell small, varying from elongate-ovate to cylindroconic in outline,varying in color from wax yellow to pale brown. Nuclear whorlsdecollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls moderately wellrounded, marked by rather strong, closely approximated axial riblets.Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderatelyproduced, very narrowly umbilicated, with a strong carina markingthe outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular ; peristome notin one plane, but somewhat sinuous, simple. Operculum typicallyfarcimenid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 159678, comes from Hucares, east PuertoRico. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 21.0 mm.
;
greater diameter, 9.5 mm.This small species differs from the other two from Puerto Rico inhaving the riblets much more strongly developed.Additional specimens come from various stations on the easternslope of Puerto Rico, and since the type is a worn specimen, I am alsofiguring a more j^erfect one, which has almost 7 whorls and measures
:
Height, 23.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 9.1 mm.The animals of specimens collected by me about the roots of bananatrees at Mamey in the foothills of the Sierra Luquilla, June 23, 1929,had the entire dorsal part of the body flesh colored with a grayishsuffusion and a pinkish flush; the sole of the foot was also fleshcolored, while the tentacles were pale orange with a grayish tinge.There was a reddish spot present under the tentacles.
THE CYCI^OPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AOVtElRI'CA 45FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CROCEUM (Gmelin)Plate 9, Figures 23-251786. Helix cylindracea glabra Chemnitz, Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, vol. 9, p. 166, pi. 35, fig. 1233 (nonbinomial).1791. Helix crocea Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 6, p. 3655.1798. Cerion truncatuin Bolten, Museum Bolteuianum, p. 90.1822. Cyclostoma fiavitla Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sansvertfebres, vol. 6, p. 146.1828. Turbo flavidiis (Cyclostoma flavidum) Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2,Suppl., pp. 19, 36, pi. 6, fig. 31.1838. Cyvlostoma crocea Deshayes, in Lamarck's Histoire naturelle des animauxsans vertfebres, ed. 2, vol. 8, p. 357.1840. Megalomastoma flavula Swainson, A treatise on malacology, p. 336.1847. Farcimen fiavulum Troschel, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.1847. Megalomastoma cylindraceum Pfeiffer, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 109.Shell large, cylindroconic, varying in color from soiled wax coloredto bright rose colored. The nucleus is small, consisting of 2 whorls,which are well rounded and smooth. The postnuclear whorls areflattened, somewhat constricted a little below the suture, and markedby closely approximated, low, rounded axial riblets, which become lessconspicuous as the whorls increase. Suture only slightly constricted.Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowlyumbilicated, and marked by an obsolete fold at the outer edge of theumbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome not in one plane, butsomeAvhat sinuous, simple, not thickened as in typical Farcimen.Operculum typically farcimenid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535945, has 6.5 whorls remain-ing and measures : Height, 39.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.7 mm.This is the common large race distributed all over the north coastof the Island of Puerto Eico.I found the adult animal of this to have the forehead, sides, and backbrown with an olivaceous tinge, the foot flesh colored, with a bluishtinge, tentacles tipped with orange.The young were flesh colored, with a red spot under the tentacles.FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) HJALMERSONI (Pfeiffer)Plate 9, Figures 26-281875. Megalomastoma hjalmersoni Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatter, vol. 22, p. 119.Shell small, elongate-ovate, varying in color from pale wax yellowto chestnut-brown on the last turn. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded,smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; therest with a constriction below the summit and marked by closelyspaced, slender, retractively slanting axial riblets, which becomeobsolete on the last whorl. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery428349?42 4
46 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUiSEUM
well rounded. Base moderately protracted, narrowly umbilicated,the umbilicus marked by a strong carina at its outer edge. Aperturesubcircular; peristome somewhat sinuous, not in one plane, simple.Operculum typically farcimenid.The specimen described and figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M.No. 535692, collected by me at Lares, Puerto Kico. It has T.l whorlsand measures : Height, 19.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 8.9 mm.This species resembles the large F. {N.) croceum (Gmelin) in theconstriction below the summit and also in the character of the rib-bing, which is much finer than that of the other small species, F.(N.) mirturn (Dall and Simpson), from eastern Puerto Eico.We also have it from a number of additional stations in the west-central portion of the Island of Puerto Rico.FARCIMOIDES, new genusShells resembling those of the Cuban genus Farcimen in generaloutline and thickened peristome, but with a spiral cord marking theouter limit of the umbilicus. Operculum not simple but with themany layers composing it distinct, not fused as in Farcimen.Type: Cyclostoma orUgmji FMQer=Farcimoides orhignyi(Pfeiffer). KEY TO THE HISPANIOLAN SPECIES OF FARCIMOmESShell small, height less than 20 mm salleiShell not small, height more than 25 mm.Shell stout domingoenseShell not stout orbignyiFARCIMOIDES SALLEI, new speciesPiATE 9, Figures 29-311851. Cyclostoma orUgnyi va. 7 Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149.1853. Cyclostoma orbignyi variety 2 Pfeiffbr, Martini-Chemnitz ConchylienCabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 272, pi. 87, figs. 5, 6.Shell small, very elongate-ovate, covered with a wax-colored perios-tracum. When denuded the shell may be unicolor or milk white,or the last whorl may be darker, even purplish plum colored. Nu-clear whorls small, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclearwhorls inflated, strongly rounded, the last one almost flattened; theearly ones marked by slender, almost hairlike axial riblets whichgradually increase in strength until they become conspicuous, re-tractively curved, elevated ribs, which are about as wide as or widerthan the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly constricted.Periphery well rounded. Base rather long, openly umbilicated witha strong cordlike carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.This has a strong constriction anteriorly and posteriorly. The axial
THE CYCIjOPIIORID LAJSTD MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRICiA 47
riblets extend feebly over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular,slightly irregular as far as its external plane is concerned ; peristomethickened and marked by concentric lamellae of about the same ex-pansion all around. Operculum typically farcimoid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535941, was collected by Dr. Abbott atEl Rio, which is between Constancia and Jarabacoa, DominicanRepublic, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It has 7.5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 19.0 mm.; greater diameter, 7.7 mm.This I consider to be the small form described by Pfeiffer as Cyclo-stoma orhignyi var. y. It differs markedly from the other two knownHaitian species by its much smaller size, much more inflated whorls,and much heavier ribbing.FARCIMOIDES DOMINGOENSE, new speciesPlate 9, Figuees 1-3Shell cylindroconic, stout, varying from wax color to pale brownon the last turn. Nuclear whorls? The early postnuclear whorlsgain rapidly in size and are fairly well rounded; the later ones aredecidedly flattened. They are all narrowly shouldered at the sum-mit and marked by slender, sigmoid, retractively curved axial rib-lets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them on theearly turns and wider on the last. These riblets render the summitof the turns slightly crenulated. Suture well constricted. Periph-ery well rounded. Base moderately protracted, openly umbilicated,and marked with a strong cord at the outer junction of the umbilicus,which is deeply constricted at its umbilical edge and less so dorsally.Aperture subcircular in a wavy plane; peristome thick, a little nar-rower on the parietal wall than on the rest. Operculum, typicallyfarcimoid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535940, was collected by Parker in theDominican Republic. It has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 28.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.Two other lots before us are also without specific locality data.All these are readily distinguished from F. orhignyi (Pfeiffer) bytheir much more cylindric form and much stouter outline.FARCIMOIDES ORBIGNYI (Pfeiffer)Plate 9, Figures 4-61851. Cyclostoma orhignyi Pfeiffee, Proc. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149.1852. Cyclostoma orhignyi Pfeiffer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1,sect. 19, p. 272, pi. 37, figs. 3, 4.Shell almost cylindroconic, varying in color from unicolor to waxyellow, with the last whorl with a reddish orange band, which isseparated from the summit and base by a paler area. Peristome
48 BULLETESr 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
white. Nuclear ?whorls 2, small, well rounded, smooth. The first2 postnuclear whorls rather strongly inflated, the rest gradually lessinflated and finally flattened. The postnuclear whorls are markedby closely spaced, decidedly retractively curved, slender axial riblets,which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suturerendered conspicuous by the feeble shoulder of the whorls. Periph-ery well rounded. Base decidedly protracted, openly umbilicated,marked by a somewhat obsolete cord at the outer limit of the umbili-cus. The umbilical wall marked by the continuation of the axialriblets. Aperture subcircular ; peristome thickened and reflected, nar-rower on the columellar wall than on the rest. Operculum typicallyfarcimoid.The specimen figured is one of a large series, U.S.N.M. No. 151351,from the Salle collection, probably a topotype. It has 8.4 whorlsand measures: Height, 28.2 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5 mm. Thelocality mentioned is Haiti, the designation for all Hispaniola in theearly days. We know Salle collected only in the Santo Dominicanregion, so the species must be referred to the Dominican Eepublic.All our other lots are equally deficient in specific locality data.Genus MEGALOMASTOMA (Guilding) Swainson1840. Megalomastoma (Guilding) Swainson, A treatise on malacology, pp. 186,336, figs. 97 g, h, i.Shell small, cylindroconic, covered with a persistent periostracum.Nuclear whorls smooth, the succeeding turns marked with stronglyelevated, retractively curved axial riblets. Base with a strong spiralkeel at the outer limit of the broad open umbilicus. Aperture sub-circular; peristome double, with a rather deep, somewhat lunate ex-cision on the parietal wall. Operculum a simple, thin, multispiral,chondroid plate.Type: Megalornastoma hninnea (Guilding) Swainson=iI/ep'??<?-mwitoma {Megalomastoma) hrunnemn (Guilding) Swainson.This genus ranges from St. Thomas through St. John to Tortola.The radula of Megalomastoma {Megalomastoma) petiti has theformula 3:3:3:3. The jaw has a median projection, and the vergeis attached to the side of the neck, gradually tapering without aterminal appendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMALast whorl axially ribbed MegalomastomaLast whorl axially tuberculated MegalomastomoidesSubgenus Megalomastoma (Guilding) SwainsonMegalomastomas having the surface with axial ribs only, and withthe peristome excised on the parietal wall.
THE CYCLOPHORID LA^STD MOLLUSK.S OF AAIEIRICA 49Type: Megalomastoma hrunnae (Guilding) S^2i\nso\\=Megalo-mastoma {Megalomastoina) hrunneum (Guilding) Swainson.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS MEGALOMASTOMAShell elongate-conic.Axial ribs of early whorls closely spaced antillarumAxial ribs of early whorls not closely spaced brunneumShell elongate-ovate petitiMEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) ANTILLARUM (Sowerby)Plate 9, Figukes 10-12, 211843. Cyclostoma antillarum Soweebt, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 150, pi.28, fig. 180.Shell small, elongate-conic, chestnut-brown with the peristomewhite. The nucleus consists of a single smooth turn. The earlypostnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded ; the later onesa little less so, marked by moderately elevated, slender, sublamellar,retractively slanting axial ribs, which are very regular on the firsttwo turns and rather closely spaced ; on the later turns they are muchmore distantly spaced and there is a tendency for finer threads toappear in the broad interspaces. Suture strongly constricted. Per-iphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated, andmarked by a moderately strong, broad, rounded cord at the outerlimit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial ribs. Aperturesubcircular; peristome not on a flat plane, but sinuous, moderatelythickened and reflected, and moderatel}^ excised on the parietal wall.Operculum typically megalomastomid.The specimen described and figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No.393653. It was collected by me on Mount Sage, Tortola, BritishWest Indies. It has 7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.6 mm.;greater diameter, 5.1 mm.This species recalls closely M. (M.) hrunneum (Guilding) Swain-son, from which it can be distinguished readily by its smaller sizeand more closely spaced axial ribs on the early turns. The umbilicalcord is also less pronounced.MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) BRUNNEUM (Guilding) SwainsonPlate 9, Figxikes 7-9, 221840. Megalomastoma hrunnea (Guilding MS.) Swainson, A treatise on ma-lacology, pp. 186, 336, fig. 97, g, h, i.Shell elongate-conic, chestnut-brown, with the peristome white.Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclearwhorls inflated ; the later ones less so and the last one flattened, markedby very decidedly retractively curved, slender, sublamellar axial ribs,
50 BULlrETESr 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMwhich are rather distantly spaced on all the whorls. On the laterturns axial hairlines are also apparent in the intercostal spaces.These are irregularly distributed and of irregular numbers. Suturevery strongly constricted. Periphery low, well rounded. Base de-cidedly produced, flatly umbilicated with a decidely elevated keel atthe outer limit of the umbilicus, which is rendered crenulated by theaxial riblets that extend also over the umbilical wall. Aperture sub-circular; peristome sinuous, that is not in a flat plane, moderatelythickened and moderately excised on the parietal wall. Operculumtypically megalomastomid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535943, comesfrom St. Thomas. It has 8.2 whorls and measures : Height, 15.4 mm.
;
greater diameter, 6.2 mm.There are 17 additional lots of this species, all from St. Thomas, inthe collection of the United States National Museum.This species is nearest related to M. {M.) antilJanim (Sowerby),from which its more elongate form, more distantly spaced ribs, andmore pronounced umbilical keel will readily differentiate it.MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) PETITI, new speciesPlate 9, Figures 16-18. 20Shell elongate-ovate, sooty chestnut-brown; peristome white.Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclearwhorls somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, the last one slightly flat-tened and marked by slender sublamellar, rather distantly spaced axialriblets, which are rather irregularly distributed. Suture well con-stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather produced, flatly um-bilicated, with a moderately strong cord at the outer limit of theumbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome almost flat, moderatelythickened, slightly reflected and moderately excised on the parietalwall. Operculum typically megalomastomid.This species comes from the Island of St. John, The type, U.S.N.M.No. 535942, was collected by me on Bordeaux Hill, Hurricane Harbor,St. John. It has 7 whorls and measures : Height, 12.3 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 5.4 mm.The United States National Museum contains six additional lots, allfrom St. John.This species is easily distinguished from the other Megalomastomasby its shorter and much stouter shape.Megalomastomoides, new subgenusShell resembling Megalomastoma in size, shape, and periostracalcovering but differing from it in having the peristome not excised on
THE CYCI^OPHORID LAJSTD MOLLUSOELS OF AIvIElRIOA 51the parietal wall and in having the early postnuclear sculpture as intypical Megalomastoma^ while that of the later turns has the axialribs broken up into elongated, somewhat lunate tubercles, which givesto the surface of these whorls a rasplike appearance. Operculum asimple, thin, multispiral chondroid plate.Type : Gyclostoma {Megalomastoma) verruculosuin Shuttleworth=Megalommtoma {MegaloTiuDstomoides) ver7mculosvm (Shuttleworth).Distribution: Puerto Rico.MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMOIDES) VERRUCULOSUM (Shuttleworth)PiATE 9, Figures 13-15, 191854. Gyclostoma {Megalomastoma) verruculosum Shuttleworth, Berner Mitth.,p. 90.1864. Megalomastoma verruculosum Sowekby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 3, pi.263, fig. 15.Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls decollated in all ourspecimens. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, the early ones markedby slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about as wideas the spaces that separate them. On the last three turns these ribletsbreak up into segments and give to the surface a rasplike appearance.Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base pro-duced, openly flatly umbilicated, and marked by a strong spiral cordat the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial rib-lets, which extend over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, not ina single plane, but sinuous; peristome thickened and somewhat re-flected, of equal width all around, not incised on the parietal wall.Operculum multispiral, corneous, with central nucleus.We have this species from Puerto Rico without specific locality.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. Xo. 535944, has 7whorls remaining and measures : Height, 15.1 mm. ; greater diameter,5.7 mm.This shell is small like typical Megalomastoma but differs from itmarkedly by the sculpture and the absence of excision on the parietalwall. Subfamily Diplommatininae KobeltThis subfamily is defined in the key on p. 43.Genus ADELOPOMA DoeringFor definition of the genus, see p. 148.
52 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMADEL0P03IA OCCIDENTALE (Guppy)Plate 40, Figube 61872. Diplommatina Imttoni occidentalis Guppt, Proc. Assoc. Trinidad, vol. 2, p. 24.1884. Diplommatina occidentale Godwin-Austen, Land and Freshwater Molluscaof India, vol. 1, pi. 45, fig. 8.1886. Diplommatina occidentalis Godwin-Austen, ibid., p. 173.1893. Diplomatina huttoni occidentale Guppy, Journ. Conch., vol. 7, p. 226.1898. Palaina {Cylindropalaina) occidentalis Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrbl.deutscheu malak. Ges., vol. 30, p. 133.1902. Adelopoma occidentale Kobelt, Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 480.Shell minute, sinistral, thin, translucent, alabaster white, except thenuclear turns, which are buff. Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, stronglyrounded, smooth. Post nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded,marked by slender, lamellose, scalariform, decidedly protractivelyslanting axial ribs, of which 27 occur on the first and second and 33 onthe last whorl. The spaces separating the axial ribs are four or fivetimes as wide as the ribs, and are covered by exceedingly fine, micro-scopic spiral striations. Suture very strongly constricted. Base in-flated, very strongly rounded, with a narrow umbilical chink, markedby the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture irregularly obliquelyoval; peristome double, the inner exserted; the outer narrowly ex-panded. Operculum typically adelopomid.The specimen figured is one of nine, U.S.N.M. No. 203654, receivedfrom Bland and comes from Trinidad. It has 6 whorls and meas-ures: Height, 2.3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 98734 contains six specimens from the same source,while U.S.N.M, No. 516033 contains seven specimens received fromDr. George Clapp.This species differs from A. costaricense in being a little stouterand having more axial ribs, which also are of uniform expansionfrom the summit to the periphery.Subfamily Amphicyclotinae Kobelt and MoliendorffCyclophorids of helicoid outline with chondroid operculum.KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY AMPHICYCLOTINAEOperculum with fimbriations CyclohaitiaOperculum without fimbriation.s AmphicyclotulusCYCLOHAITIA, new genusSmall amphicyclotine shells with strong spiral cords on spire andbase. Operculum multispiral, chondroid, with the outer edge of
THE CYCLOPHORID LAIsTD MOLLU&KS OF AIVIEIRI'OA 53the last whorl expanded into fimbriations. In shape and sculpturethe shells of this genus resemble Crocidopoma^ but they lack thesubsutural keel and the lirations within the umbilicus; they also re-semble it in the fimbriations of the operculum, but here we have nocalcareous lamella. The verge likewise is of amphicyclotine patternin its attenuation.Type: Cyclohaitia haitia^ new species.The anatomy of Cyclohaitia shows the radula formula to be3:3:3:3, and of the jaw is lacking the median points. The verge ison the back of the neck behind the tentacles and traversed by a vasdeferens. The terminal appendage is long and threadlike, almost aslong as the basal portion.CYCLOHAITIA HAITIA, new speciesPlate 10, Figures 12-14Shell small, helicoid, openly moderately umbilicated, covered withan olivaceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small,well rounded, smooth, forming a moderately elevated apex. Post-nuclear whorls strongly rounded, circular in cross-section, markedby incremental lines and rather strong spiral cords, of which 5 arepresent on the first, 7 on the second, and 9 on the last turn betweensummit and periphery in the type. These cords vary somewhat instrength and spacing. The whorls at the summit slope decidedlytoward the suture and render this very conspicuous. Peripherystrongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 9 spiral cordsequaling those of the spire, and the continuations of the incrementallines. The umbilical wall does not have spiral cords, only the con-tinuation of the lines of growth. Aperture slightly oblique, cir-cular; peristome simple. Operculum chondroid, multispiral, withthe outer edge of the later whorls much produced to form a moreor less fimbriated, up-turned extension.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535855, was collected north of Tiburon,Haiti, along the road leading to Carcasse, south of the first village,by C. E. Orcutt. It has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height, 5.2 mm.
;
greater diameter, 9.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.7 mm. Charles E.Orcutt also collected 10 additional lots ranging from the type localityeastward along the south coast of Haiti to the Bale des Flamands.Some of the dead specimens are much larger than the type. Forexample U.S.N.M. No. 403722, from Damassin Eiver has 4.6 whorlsand measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.; lesserdiameter, 9.0 mm., but all intermediate sizes are present in lots fromthe same locality.
54 BULlrETTN 181, UNTTED STATEI9 NATTONAlj MUSEITMGenus AMPHICYCLOTULUS Kobelt1912. Amphicyclotulus Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1,sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 913.Small cyclophorids with chondroid multispiral operculum, theouter edge of which is 7iot expanded into fimbriations. The spire ismarked by incremental lines and in the typical subgenus bears raisedspiral cords, at least on the early whorls. In this they may also bepresent on the base. (In the subgenus Cycloblandia the spiral cordsare absent.) The base is broadly openly umbilicated. The peristomeis not thickened or reflected.Type: Amphicydotulus rvfescens (Sowerby).The genus is Antillean.The anatomy oi A. {A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) and A. {A.) minerishows the radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw withoutmedian projection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind thetentacles and is traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendageis long and threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF AMPHICYCLOTULUSShell with spiral lamellae AmphicyclotulusShell without spiral lamellae CycloblandiaSubgenus Amphicyclotulus KobeltA7)ipMcyclotulus in which all or at least the early postnuclear whorlsare marked by raised spiral cords, which may or may not be presenton the base.Type: Am'phicylotultLs rufescens (Sowerby).This subgenus is known from Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica,and Martinique.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS AMPHICYCLOTULUS
?
Spiral sculpture confined to early postnuclear whoi'ls.Shell orange-yellow mineriShell was yellow guadeloupensisSpiral sculpture not confined to early postnuclear whorls.Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised cords.Spiral cords on spire strongly crenulated rufescensSpiral cords on spire not strongly crenulated.Spiral cord bounding umbilicus stronger than the rest, acultiliratusSpiral cord bounding umbilicus not stronger than the rest.Spiral cords of base distantly spaced schrammiSpiral cords of base not distantly spaced dominicensisSpiral sculpture not consisting of strongly raised cords.Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised threads.Spiral threads numerous liratusSpiral threads few pei*plexus
^A. (A.) portoricensis (Boettger) is not included in this key, as I have not seen speci-mens of it.
THE CYCUOPHORIID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMEIRIOA 55AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) MINERI, new speciesPlate 10, Figures 15-17Shell rather large, helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated,covered by an orange-yellow periostraciim. Nuclear whorls 1.6, wellrounded, smooth, forming a depressed apex. Postnuclear whorls in-flated, strongly rounded, marked by incremental lines and slenderspiral threads, which cover the anterior two-thirds of the turns, theposterior third being without them. Of these threads 7 are present onthe second and 11 on the third whorl. On the last half of the last turnthe spiral threads are quite obsolete. Suture well impressed. Pe-riphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base moderately rounded withthe umbilicus occupying about one-fourth of the diameter of the shell.The base is marked by incremental lines only. Aperture subcircular.being protracted to form an acute point at the posterior angle of theaperture ; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535856, and a host of specimens come fromLaudat, Dominica. The type has 5.5 whorls and measures : Height,13.3 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.6 mm.This species resembles most closely A. (A.) guadeloupensis, fromwhich its orange coloration and more elevated fonn readily distin-guish it.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) GUADELOUPENSIS, new speciesPLATE 10, Figures 18-20Shell depressed-helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated,wax yellow. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. The post-nuclear whorls are well rounded, the first smooth, the rest markedby weak spiral threads which cover the posterior four-fifths of theturn, being absent near the suimnit. They again become obsolete onthe last half turn. In addition to the spiral threads the whorls aremarked by fine incremental lines. Suture moderately well impressed.Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base short, well rounded, markedonly by the incremental lines. In cross section the last whorl is in-clined toward being oval. Aperture oblique, subcircular, slightly angu-lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typicallyamphicyclotulid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 116462, comes from Guadeloupe. It has 5.1whorls and measures : Height, 12.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 17.6 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 14.0 mm.Additional specimens in the collection of the National Museum arealso labeled merely "Guadeloupe," without specific locality.This species resembles most closely A. (A.) mineri from Dominica.It is distinguished from this by its flatter form and paler coloration.
56 BULLETIN 181, UjSITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMAMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) RUFESCENS (Sowerby)Pi^\TE 10, Figures 4, 51843. Cyclostoma rufescens Sowekby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 94, pi. 24,figs. 36, 37.1843. Cyclostoma rufescens Sowekby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 60.
"Shell nearly orbicular, generally of a reddish colour, with a shortspire consisting of 4 rounded, spirally ridged and striated volutions
;
the ridges crenulated; suture deep; aperture circular, with a thinsharp peritreme; umbilicus large. From Martinique, communicatedby L. T. Powis, Esq."I have not seen specimens that satisfy Sowerby's description andfigures which I have copied.Specimens of ^. (A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) vary considerably intuberculation of their spiral keels, and it is quite possible thatSowerby's species represents merely an exaggerated form of Drouet'sA. {A.) acutiliratus.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) ACUTILIRATUS (Drouet)Plate 10, Figubes 1-81859. Cijclophorus acutilirattts Drouet, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres etfluviatiles de la Guyane frangaise, p. 89, pi. 3, figs. 42-44.Shell moderately large, openly umbilicated, varying in color frompale yellow to bright red. Nuclear whorls 2.5, well rounded, smooth.Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by exceedingly fine,closely spaced, incremental lines, which give the surface a silky appear-ance, and strong sublamellar keels, of which 5 are present between thesummit and the suture on the next to the last whorl, and 10 on the lastturn. These keels are not quite regular in strength and distribution.They average from one-half to one-fourth the width of the spaces thatseparate them. Suture channeled. Periphery rounded. Base withthe umbilicus about one-fourth the greater diameter. Base wellrounded, marked by 8 spiral cords. The umbilicus is bounded by astrong lamella and on the umbilical wall, within the umbilicus, 6 addi-tional spiral lamellae are present. Aperture oblique, circular; peri-stome simple, rendered somewhat fluted by the spiral sculpture. Oper-culum typically amphicyclotulid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535859, a female,is one of five specimens collected by me at Colson, 14 to 15 km. north ofFort de France, Martinique. This has 5.4 whorls and measures:Height, 11.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.0 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 393879 contains seven specimens from the same lo-cality.
THE CYCIiOPHO'RID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKiOA 57U.S.N.M. No. 151358 contains a series of specimens collected bySalM on Martinique. These show considerable variation. In some thespiral cords show slight nodulation, which suggests a trend toward A.(A.) rufescens (Sowerby) ; in fact, there is a possibility that this maybe an extreme variation of that species. The spiral keels on the um-bilicus will easily distinguish it from all other known Amphicydotulus.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) SCHRAMMI (Shuttleworth)PlATE 10, FiGtIBES 6-81857. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) schrammi Shuttlewobth, Journ. Conchyl., vol.5, p. 269.Shell small, depressed-helicoid. Periostracum wax colored. Nu-clear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls wellrounded, marked by slightly keeled spiral cords, of which 5 are presenton the second, while on the third 2 additional cords appear between thefirst near the summit and the suture. At the aperture 10 spiral cordsare apparent. In addition to these spiral cords the shell is marked byfine incremental lines. Suture moderately constricted. Peripherywell rounded. Base openly umbilicated, the umbilicus forming aboutone-fourth of the greater diameter of the shell. The base is sculpturedlike the spire, bearing 5 cords, while 3 additional ones are presenton the outer portion of the mnbilical wall, the inner part being freeof spiral sculpture. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angu-lated at the posterior angle ; peristome simple. Operculum typicallyamphicyclotulid.U.S.N.M. No. 491754 contains two specimens from Guadeloupe, oneof which we have figured. This has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height,5.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 9.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No, 331792 contains two more specimens received fromPetit.This species is most nearly related to A. (A.) dominicensis, fromwhich it is easily distinguished by its much more distantly spaced spiralcords on the base.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) DOMINICENSIS. new speciesPlate 10, Fiqukes 9-11Shell small, helicoid, openly umbilicated. The nuclear and earlypostnuclear turns red, the rest covered by a yellowish periostracum.Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls some-what inflated, strongly rounded, marked by strongly raised, almostkeellike spiral threads, of which 9 are present between the summit andthe suture on the next to the last whorl and 9 between the summit andthe periphery on the last whorl. The spaces that separate these cords.
58 BULLETESr 181, UNITEB STATES NATIONiAL MUSEUMwhich are quite regular, are a little more than twice as wide. Peripheryrendered almost angulated by a spiral cord. In addition to the spiralcords the whorls are marked by slender incremental lines. Suture wellimpressed. Base rather short, well rounded, marked by the continua-tion of the incremental lines and 9 spiral cords, which equal those onthe spire in strength, but weaken toward the aperture. The umbilicalwall also shows traces of spiral cords. The umbilicus is about one-fifth the greater diameter of the last whorl. Aperture oblique ; peri-stome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535857, comes from Long Dilton, Dominica.It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 5.5 mm. ; greater diameter,8.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. A paratype is in the AmericamMuseum of Natural History.This species is nearest related to A, (A.) schraTmni (Shuttleworth),from which it can be distinguished readily by its color and the greaternumber of spiral cords.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) LIRATUS (Drouet)Plate 11, Figxjees 4-61859. Cyclophorus Uratns Dkouet, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatilesde la Guyane frangaise, p. 88, pi. 3, figs. 30-32.Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, covered by awax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by rather strong, regular andregularly spaced spiral cords, of which 14 are present between thesummit and the suture on the last turn. In addition to the spiralsculpture, the whorls are marked by closely spaced incremental threads.Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately in-flated, well rounded, marked by 18 spiral threads, which equal thoseon the spire in strength, and by the continuation of the incrementallines. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the width of the greaterdiameter of the shell, and the umbilical wall bears a few indications ofspiral threads. A cross section of the last whorl would appear broadlyoval. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with scarcely any angling atthe posterior angle of the aperture; peristome simple. Operculumtypically amphicyclotulid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474037, comesfrom Martinique. It has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height, 7.3 mm.
;
greater diameter, 14.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 10.3 mm.This species suggests both A. (A.) mineri and A. (A.) guadeloupen-sis but differs from them in having the spiral sculpture extend to theperistome and in being much more depressed.
THE CYCI^OPHO'RID LAND MOLLXJSfKS OF AMERICA 59AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PERPLEXUS, new speciesPlate 11, Figxjkes 7-9Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered by a wax-yellow periostra-cum, which assumes a rosy tinge toward the apex. Nuclear whorlsalmost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, stronglyrounded, marked by slender incremental lines and on the next to thelast turn by six low, rounded spiral threads, of which the one at thesummit is weaker than the rest. On the last whorl these threads be-come obsolete and almost vanish before reaching the peristome. Su-ture moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base wellrounded, openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third thewidth of the gi-eater diameter. The base is marked by incrementallines only. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with a slight angleat the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typicallyamphicyclotulid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535858, comes from Guadeloupe. It has4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5mm. ; lesser diameter, 8.0 imn.U.S.N.M No. 43485 contains another specimen from the same lo-cality.U.S.N.M. No. 151348a contains two additional specimens collectedby Salle on Guadeloupe.The weak sculpture of this species will differentiate it from therest of the species.AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PORTORICENSIS (Boettger)Plate 11, Figuees 19-211887. Cyclotus portoricensis Boettgeb, Jahrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 14,pp. 101-102, pi. 4, fig. 7.Shell broadly openly umbilicated, umbilicus equaling a fifth partof the width of the base, depressed-turbinate, solid, olivaceous, a littlelighter on the base, shining, spire little expanded, convex ; apex quitesmall, somewhat obtuse, after decortication, red. Whorls, 5-5.5, in-creasing regularly in size, with impressed disjunct suture, convex,minutely rugulose striate and everywhere densely spirally lirate, lirae13-15 in the penultimate whorl, last whorl terete, base more convex,a little expanded at the aperture or slightly descending. Aperturemoderately large, oblique; peristome continuous, straight, acute,white, with the margin somewhat thickened all around; columella alittle retracted and reflected. Operculum immersed, corneous with11 turns, its nucleus concave.
60 BULLETIOS" 181, UNITED STATEIS NATTOOSnAiL MUStEUMHeight, 13-13.5 mm.; diameter, 19.5-20.5 mm.; height of ajDerture,9.5-10.5 mm.; diameter, 8.5-9.5 mm. Habitat, Rio Blanco, in theSierra de Caduros, Puerto Rico.Boettger says he had before him seven specimens sent to him byOtto Goldfuss.I have not seen this species and have freely translated Dr. Boett-ger's description and copied his figures.It is related to A. (A.) guadeloupensis, A. {A.) mineri, and A. (A.)liratus (Drouet). The strong lirations of the base will distinguishit from the first two; it is easily differentiated from the last by itsmuch larger size. Cycloblandia, new subgenusAmphicyclotulv.s in which the whorls, even the early postnuclearturns, are without raised spiral cords or threads.Type : Cyclostoma heauiana I'etit= Amphicyclotulus {Cycloblandia)heauianus (Petit).We know this subgenus from Guadeloupe, Grande Terre, Dominica,and Martinique.The anatomy of A. {Cycloblandia) a/methystinus (Guppy) showsthe radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw without medianprojection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles,and traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage is long andthreadlike, almost as long as the basal portion.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOBLANDIAShell large, greater diameter more than 15 mm amethystinusShell smaU, greater diameter less than 12 mm beauianusAMPHICYCLOTULUS (CYCLOBLANDIA) AMETHYSTINUS (Guppy)Plate 11, Figures 1-31868. Cyclotus amethystinus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 1, p. 433.Shell large, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale olive periostracum.Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated,strongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines, which vary some-what in strength and by inconspicuous hair lines a little darker thanthe general coloration of the shell. In cross section the whorls arerather inclined to oval than circular. Suture well impressed, particu-larly so on the early turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base notinflated, well rounded, marked by incremental lines equaling those onthe spire, which on the last portion of the last whorl become intensi-fied. Aperture oblique, almost circular ; peristome simple. Operculum
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKIOA 61
with about 8 whorls, thin, horny, with the outer edge of the turnsslightly upturned and the exposed portion retractively striate.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 473947, is one ofseveral hundred which I collected at Danes on the east side of thewatershed east of Portsmouth, Dominica, August 4, 1928. It has 5.0whorls and measures : Height, 9.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 12.0 mm. The larger series is registered as U.S.N.M.No. 473946.My notes say of the animal : "Entire surface flesh-colored with aroseate flush, a pale rose-colored space runs across the snout in frontof the tentacles, which are bright orange. The sole of the foot of thesame coloration as the dorsal part. Found on the ground under decay-ing rubbish."AMPHICYCLOTULUS (CTCLOBLANDIA) BEAUIANUS (Petit)Plate 11, Figures 10-121853. CycJostoma ieauiana Petit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 4, p. 363, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12.1854. Cyclostoma inomata Redfield, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 6, p. 13,pi. 1, flg. 7.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, olivaceous horncolored. Nuclear whorls 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorlsstrongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines only. The summitof the whorls is slightly flattened near the suture, which renders thisfairly conspicuous. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, marked like the spire. Aperture oblique, almost circular,slightly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome simple. Interiorof the aperture reddish orange within, paling toward the edge. Oper-culum thin, horny, multispiral.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535844, is one offive collected by me at Traicou Chet, Crois Rivier, Guadeloupe, July 31,1928. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 7.7 mm.; greaterdiameter, 11.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 8.2 imn.I collected two additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 390055, at Habi-tation La Tapick, Guadeloupe. Two specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 151348,were collected by Salle with the locality Guadeloupe. A dead specimen,U.S.N.M. No. 390085, was obtained at Lepes, Grande Terre, July 30,1928; and six more, U.S.N.M. No. 393113, were collected at GrandeRavine, Grande Terre.These latter specimens are not distinguishable from those taken onGuadeloupe. Petit's species was described from Grande Terre andRedfield's from Guadeloupe.428349?42 5
62 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD SrTATEiS N1ATT0i]SI1AjL MUSEfUMSubfamily Aperostominae Torre and BartschThis subfamily is defined on p. 38.KEY TO THK GENERA OF WEST INDIAN APEROSTOMINAEBasal chondroid plate produced into fimbriations.Spire with spiral keels or cords CrocidopomaSpire without spiral keels or cords.Peristome with a breathing notch CyclojamaiciaPeristome without a breathing notch CyclovendreysiaBasal chondroid plate not produced into fimbriations.Operculum with a strongly elevated calcareous lamella.Lamella incurved throughout CyclopilsbryaLamella not incurved throughout.Lamella expanded at free edge PtychocochlisLamella not expanded at free edge PoteriaOperculum without a strongly elevated calcareous lamella AperostomaGenus CROCIDOPOMA ShuttleworthFor definition of GrocidopoTna see p. 39.Our knowledge of the anatomy of Groddofoma {Grocidopoma)vortex elevatmti is based upon a very poorly preserved specimen ofthe animal of this species. It shows a radula having the formula3: 3: 3: 2. The male reproductive system resembles that ofAmphicyclotul/us.A key to the subgenera of Grocidopoma will be found on p. 39.Subgenus Crocidopoma Shuttleworth1857. Crocidopoma, Shuttlewokth, Jouru. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272.1891. Crocidopoma Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160.In this subgenus the flocculations of the operculum extend verygreatly beyond the edge of the calcareous lamella.Type: Gyclostoma {Gyclotus) floccdsum Shuttleworth =6'/'0(?i^o-poma {GrocidopoTna) floccoswm (Shuttleworth).This subgenus is confined to Hispaniola.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS CROCmOPOMA
?
Subsutural spiral keel very strong vortexSubsutural spiral keel not very strong.Suture very broadly channeled.Shell planorboid casuelenseShell depressed-helicoid milleriSuture not very broadly channeled.Shell helicoid ? orcuttiShell depressed-helicoid abbotti
9 0. (C.) floccoaunv (Shuttleworth) is not Included in this key for lack of material fordifferential comparison with material at hand, none of our specimens satisfying thedescription thereof.
THE CYC[LOPHORID LAND M0LLUSIK9 OF AMIEEICiA 63CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX (Weinland)Shell small, almost lenticular with a thin yellowish-brown perio-stracum, which is usually worn on the keels, exposing them as whitelines. The denuded shell is white. Nuclear whorls 1.5, stronglyrounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded andmarked by elevated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between thesummit and the suture on the first turn and 7 on the remaining whorls.On the last half of the last turn there are usually intercalated threads.Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded and marked by 5 strongkeels between the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus, 5 morebeing present on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is open and thewhorls can be seen within. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular
;
peristome rendered sinuous by the spiral cords. Operculum typicallycrocidopomid.The species is restricted to the southwestern peninsula.We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key willhelp to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCmOPOMA VORTEXShell lenticular vortexShell depressed-helicoid elevatumCROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX VORTEX (Weinland)Plate 11, Figures 13-151862. Cyclostoma vortex We3NLand, Malak. Blatter, vol. 9, p. 90.1869. Cyclotus vortex PrEarFER, Nov. Conch., vol. 3, p. 445, pi. 98, figs. 17-20.Shell small, almost lenticular, with a pale yellowish-brown peri-ostracum, which when worn from the strong spiral keels leaves thewhite shell below exposed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by decidedly ele-vated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit and sutureon the first turn, and 7 on the remaining turns. On the last halfof the last turn intercalated finer threads appear between the heavykeels. In addition to the spiral keels the shell is marked by ratherstrong incremental lines. The space between the very strongly ele-vated keel near the summit and the summit of the whorl makes thesuture a deeply impressed channel. Periphery well rounded. Basewell rounded, marked like the spire, 5 strong keels being presentbetween the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus and 5 more onthe umbilical wall. The umbilicus is broad and extends to the veryfirst whorl. The last turn is solute for about one-twentieth of aturn. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular; peristome ren-dered slightly sinuous by the spiral cords and somewhat notched by
64 BULLETIN 181, XmiTEO SfTATES NATTONIAL MUSEfUMthe first spiral cord below the suture, which undoubtedly when closedby the operculum leaves a breathing space. Operculum typicallycrocidopomid.This subspecies has a rather wide range along the coast of thesouthern peninsula. We have many specimens, from many stations,ranging from Port-au-Prince around the end of the island, downthe south coast to near Aquin, to some of the outlying small islandsof the region. Throughout this range the shells are fairly constant,differing, however, materially in size in the individual colonies andalso in the amount of solution with the last turn. In an exceedinglylarge old individual this may extend over considerably more spacethan in those not quite so big. Specimens collected by Henderson andSimpson at La Ferrier, Haiti, U.S.N.M. Nos. 162982 and 490072, andby W. L. Abbott at Sosiia, Dominican Kepublic, U.S.N.M. Nos.336766 and 336788, both near the north coast of Hispaniola, are indis-tinguishable from those of the south peninsula.The specimen that has served for my description and figure,U.S.N.M. No. 403073, comes from the type locality, a little west ofJeremie. It has 4.1 whorls and measures : Height, 6.7 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 11.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm.A very large specimen from Anse du Clerc, Dept. du Sud, U.S.N.M.No. 401741, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; greaterdiameter, 14.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm.CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX ELEVATUM, new subspeciesPlate 11, Figukes 1&-18This subspecies agrees completely in its sculpture with the typicalform. It differs materially from it, however, in being much moreelevated and in having the keel at the summit much more closely ap-proximated to the preceding turn, thus making the channeled suturemuch narrower. The specimens were collected on top of MountRochelois.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535846, was collected by W. J. Eyerdam andmeasures: Height, 8'.9 mm.; greater diameter, 12.4 mm.; lesser di-ameter, 9.9 mm.CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) FLOCCOSUM (Shnttleworth)Pi^TE 12, Figure 161857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) floccosum Shuttleworth, Journ Conchy!., vol. 5,pp. 268, 272.1863. Cyclotus floccosus Ree:\'e, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 48.Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, with incremental hairlines and closely spaced, slightly nodulose, spiral keels, which alternate
THE CYOLOPHORiID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMiElRIOA 65in strength, whitish with a thin soiled-yellow periostracum. The apexdoes not project materially and is rather obtuse. Suture deeplychanneled. Whorls 4.5, convex, the last descending, keeled above andsolute. Aperture scarcely oblique, circular; peristome simple andacute. Operculum typical. Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter,12.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. Aperture, 4 mm. broad and wide.The above is a translation of Shuttleworth's description to whichhe adds, "Habitat, Haiti Salle."I have mapped Salle's travels in the island of Hispaniola. Theydid not extend into the range of what I am here calling C. {C.) vortex(Weinland), which occupies the western portion of the south penin-sula, and which has been at times confused with the present species.C. (C.) floccosum (Shuttleworth) is from Santo Domingo. TheUnited States National Museum collection contains other species fromSanto Domingo, but it does not have representatives of C. (C.) -floc-coswn. For that reason I am copying Reeve's figure.CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) CASUELENSE CrossePlate 41, Figubes 7-91891. Crocidopoma casuelense Ceosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 161.1902. Crocidopoma casuelense Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, pp. 259-260,fig. 54.Shell planorbid, covered with a thin yellow periostracum (nuclearwhorls decollated). The postnuclear whorls are strongly roundedand marked by strong spiral keels, of which 7 are present on the firstlemaining turn between the summit and the periphery, and 12 onthe same space on the last turn. The first keel at the suture is onlya trifle heavier than the remaining ones. The spaces between thesekeels are broader than the keels. The axial sculpture consists of finehair lines, and the last whorl is solute for about one-tenth of a turn.Suture very deeply impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base verybroadly openly umbilicated and marked by 6 spiral keels equalingin strength those on the spire. There are 7 additional spiral keelsof equal strength and spacing on the umbilical wall. On the baseand umbilical wall the keels are narrower than the spaces that separatethem. Aperture subcircular; peristome slightly reflected, thin.Operculum typically crocidopomid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 331865, is oneof the Redfield collection collected by Cuming. It has 3 postnuclearwhorls remaining and measures : Height, 5.2 mm. ; greater diameter,10.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 7.7 mm. I have been unable to locate theexact position of Casuela in Hispaniola.
66 BULLETIN 181, UNITEO SIT'ATEiS NlATT'ONlAiL MUSEUMCROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) MILLERI, new specieaPirate 12, Figubes 1-3Shell helicoid, covered with a pale brown periostracum, or at leastone would be led to believe so by the fragments clinging to the speci-men at hand. Nuclear whorls about 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, very strongly rounded, marked by ratherslender, rather broad, spiral cords, of which 11 are present on thelast two turns between summit and suture. These are separated byspaces only a little wider than the cords. The one at the summit isbroader than the rest and the space between the summit and this isdeeply inbent to form a wide channel at the suture. Peripherystrongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, marked by 10spiral cords which equal those of the spire in strength and spacing.Umbilicus moderately broad, the umbilical wall of the last whorlbears 6 spiral cords. Aperture circular ; peristome rendered slightlysinuous by the spiral cords, slightly notched at the heavy cord nearthe summit. Operculum?The type, U.S.N.M. No. 389796, has 3.7 whorls remaining andmeasures : Height, 7.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 9.9 mm. ; lesser diame-ter, 7.4 mm. It was collected by Gerrit S. Miller on the slope ofLoma de Cielo, Bohoruco Mountains, at an altitude of 3,000 feet,Polo, Barahona District, Dominican Republic.CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ORCUTTI, new speciesPlate 12, Figubes 36-38Shell large for the genus, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale yel-lowish periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth.Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by moderatelyelevated spiral cords, of which 8 are present on the first, 10 on the sec-ond, and 16 on the last part of the last turn between summit and peri-phery. These cords increase in number by intercalation and thereforevary considerably in strength. The first one near the summit, how-ever, is always stronger than the rest. In addition to this the shell ismarked by rather strong incremental lines, which are more or lesshairlike and give to the spiral cords an almost granular aspect. Sutureprofoundly narrowly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Basestrongly rounded, moderately broadly umbilicated, marked by 9 spiralcords between which finer threads are present at the termination of thelast whorl. The umbilical wall bears 6 spiral cords with an inter-calated one between the outer heavy keels. Last whorl solute forabout one-twentieth of a turn. Aperture slightly oblique, almost cir-cular, with a slight notch formed by the subsutural keel; peristomesmooth. Operculum typically crocidopomid.
THE CYCTjOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMjEKIOA 67This species was collected by Charles R. Orcutt on Gimbi Mountainin the southwestern part of the southern peninsula of Haiti.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535847, has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 11 mm. ; greater diameter, 14 mm. ; lesser diameter, 10.8 mm.CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ABBOTTI, new speciesPlate 12, Figures 13-15Shell almost lenticular, white (it has lost its periostracum) . Nuclearwhorls? Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by slender,well elevated, spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit andsuture on the first, 8 on the second, and 9 on the last whorl. Thesekeels are only about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separatethem. The first one near the summit is much stronger and broaderthan the rest and is notched at the peristome to furnish a breathingspace. Suture narrowly and profoundly channeled. Periphery wellrounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 6 slender spiral keels.The umbilicus is very broad and profound. The wall on the last whorlbears 5 spiral keels. The last whorl is solute for about one-thirtiethof a turn. Aperture circular, very slightlyl oblique ; peristome simple,except that it is rendered wavy by the spiral cords. Operculum ?The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356197, a broken specimen, has lost thenuclear whorls and part of the last turn. The 2.3 whorls remainingmeasure : Height, 6.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 10.5 mm. ; lesser diameter,7.4 mm. This was collected by Dr. Abbott at "Cave, Savanna, 1 hourwest of Maniel Viejo, Bohoruco Mts.," southwest Dominican Republic
;
altitude, 2,510 feet.A young specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 389873, was collected by Gerrit S.Miller at Polo, District Barahona, Bohoruco Mountains, altitude 2,000feet, Dominican Republic.While I dislike to base a species on an imperfect specimen, for thesake of completeness I am here doing so.CYCLOJAMAICIA, new genusMedium-sized aperostomids of almost lenticular form, with deeplychanneled suture and a decided narrow notch in the peristome at theposterior angle of the aperture, which leaves on the preceding parts ofthe whorls at this part of the shell a rough raised cord. Operculumwith a multispiral, strongly elevated, obliquely outward curved cal-careous lamella between the turns of which project thin scalelike iSmbri-ations, the outer extension of the basal chondroid elements ; on the in-ner turns these are worn off to the length of the calcerous lamella,while on the outer margin in perfect specimens they project to fullytriple the width of the calcareous lamella as partly overlapping, obli-
68 BXJLIiETIDSr 181, UNTTE? SITATEIS NlATTONlAiL MUSlETJMquely placed shingles. These fimbriations therefore are not merely acutting up of the expanded basal chondroid plate, but they represent ina measure a decidedly folded and cut feature. These fimbriations onthe outer whorl are also somewhat fluted. They are as thin as tissuepaper and unless very carefully handled might easily be destroyed.Type: Cyclostoma suturale Sowerhy =Ci/cloj(miaicia mturdlis(Sowerby).The genus is confined to Jamaica.The radulae of Cyclojamaicia hondi (Vanatta) and G. suturalisCSowerby) show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw of C. londi is with-out median projection. The verge of both is situated on the back ofthe neck behind the tentacles and is swollen basally. It is traversedby a seminal groove only. The terminal appendage is very short andappears almost chitinized and is shaped like a single turn of the tipof a wood screw.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GENUS OYCLOJAMAICIASutural channel wide bondiSutural channel narrow suturalisCYCLOJAMAICIA BONDI (Vanatta)Plate 12, Figures 7-91936. Poteria {Crocidopoma) hondi Vanatta, Nautilus, vol. 49, pp. 98-99.Shell lenticular, very broadly umbilicated, covered with a brownishwax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1. Postnuclear whorlsstrongly rounded, the first without a keel at the summit, the rest withthe strongly rounded keel at some distance from the preceding turn,which leaves a broadly channeled suture between that and the keel.The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced, hairlike,sublamellar axial riblets. In crossing the keel at the summit thesebecome decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded. Base wellrounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular with a notch at theposterior keel as in Cyclejamaicia suturalis (Sowerby). Operculumas described in the generic diagnosis.The specimen figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M. No. 399392, collectedby Charles R. Orcutt at Retreat, 1 mile west of Great House, St. AnnParish, Jamaica. It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 6.1 mm.
;
greater diameter, 13.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.5 mm.We have 22 lots of this species in the collection of the U. S. NationalMuseum, which range from Stewart Town in a curve east to Moneaguein St. Ann Parish.
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAJSTD MOLLUSKSI OF AOVEEKIlOA 69CYCLOJAMAICIA SUTURALIS (Sowerby)Plate 12, FiGtrsEs 10-121843. Cyclostoma suturale Sowekby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 29.1843. Cyclostoma suturale G. B. Soweeby, Thesaurus Conchylionim, vol. 1,p. 91, pi. 23, figs. 1-2.Shell lenticular, very widely umbilicated, covered with an oliva-ceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1, wellrounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first onewith a normal suture, the rest with a decidedly elevated keel, sep-arated from the preceding turn by a very deeply channeled suture.The keel in fact is a backward reflection of succeeding stages ofthe edge of the peristome, near the posterior angle of the aperture,where there exists a sinus, which forms a notch in the peristome,which serves as a breathing pore when the operculum closes theaperture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced,hairlike, sublamellar axial riblets. These in crossing the keel at thesummit become decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded.Base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular, except-ing the sinus at the posterior angle referred to above. Peristomesimple. Operculum as described in the generic diagnosis.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535685, is oneof four collected by Dr. H. Burrington Baker at his station J22,that is, the hill north of Rotten Gut, Manchester Parish, Jamaica.It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 7.0 mm. ; greater diameter,14.4 mm. ; lesser diameter, 10.6 mm.We have 23 additional lots of this species, all of which come fromthe edge of the Cockpit country, from the northeastern part ofSt. Elizabeth to the northwestern part of IManchester Parish andthe extreme southern part of Trelawny Parish. All this materialcomes from within a radius of 6 miles.This species is easily distinguished from Cyclojamaicia hondi(Vanatta) by its much narrower channeled suture between the sum-mit and the keel. Furthermore, the keel at the summit in suturaXisis acute, while in C. hondi it is rounded.Sowerby, in describing this species, said that G. C. Bainbridge,of Liverpool, had received a few specimens many years ago fromthe woods of Demerara. This is undoubtedly a mistake, for nothinglike it has ever been reported from the mainland.CYCLOVENDREYSIA, new genusSmall, planorboid, widely umbilicated aperostomids, the whorlsof which are circular in cross section, the sculpture consisting ofincremental threads only. Operculum with a multispiral calcareouslamella, which is outward reflected to touch the succeeding turn at
70 BULLETIiN 181, UNITE? SfTATEiS NIATIONIAIL MUSEUMthe outer edge, leaving a tear-drop-shaped space separating thembasally. This lamella bears strong oblique threads. The dorsalchondroid plate is projected and upward turned at the outer edgeof the last whorl to the height of the calcareous lamella or slightlyabove it. The upturned edge is slightly fimbriated.Type: Cyclostoina dubiosum C. B. Adams^ Cyclovendrey)siadubiosa (C. B. Adams).We have been unable so far to find a male of this species. Theradula has the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw lacks distinct medianprojections. CYCLOVENDREYSIA DUBIOSA (C. B. Adams)Plate 12, Figukes 4-61851. Cyclostoma dubiosum C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5,p. 81.Shell lenticular, very widely openly umbilicated, covered with abrownish wax-colored periostracum. There is one nuclear turn,which is rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, stronglyrounded, separated by a profoundly impressed suture and markedby slender, almost vertical, closely placed, hairlike axial riblets, whichare a little more distantly spaced on the first turn than on the re-maining turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base very broadlyopenly umbilicated, well rounded, marked like the spire, which isalso the sculpture of the umbilical wall. In cross section the whorlsare circular. Aperture slightly oblique, circular; peristome simple.Operculum described in our generic diagnosis.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356120, is one of several col-lected by John B. Henderson at Ipswich, St. Elizabeth Parish,Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 6.5 mm.; greaterdiameter, 14.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm.The United States National Museum contains 22 lots, and in addi-tion to this I have seen two lots from the C. B. Adams collectionand four from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.The material before me enables me to say that the species rangesfrom the northwestern corner of St. Elizabeth Parish northward toMontego Bay, St. James Parish, through Trelawny to BrownsTown, St. Ann Parish. Throughout this range it shows no differen-tiation into races.While the shell in general form resembles Cyclojamaicia suturalis(Sowerby) and C. hondi (Vanatta), its entirely different operculumand absence of sutural keel remove it at once from that complex.
THE CYCLOPHO'RiID LAHSTD MOLLUSKS OF AM]E!RICiA 71CYCLOPILSBRYA, new genusMedium-sized aperostomine mollusks having a strongly elevatedspiral lamella on the outside of the whorls of the operculum, whichis concavely curved on the inside.Type: Cyclmtoina juf/o-mm C. B. Adiims= Ci/clopilsbrya {Cyclo-jfUshrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams).The anatomy of C. (C.) caiihaea (Clench and Aguayo) shows theradula formula 3:3:3:3.The genus presents two primary modifications, which may bedefined as subgenera, as follows.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CYCLOPILSBRYALamella curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge CyclopilsbryaLamella not curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge, but with abroadly expanded fold, which extends from the outside of the freeedge outward and downward almost to meet the next turn__- CyclocaymaniaCYCLOPILSBRYA, new subgenusIn this subgenus the strongly raised spiral lamella is curved inwardand its free outer margin is sharp.Type: Oyclostoma jugosum C. B. AdaLms= Cyclopilsbrya {Oydo-pilshrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams).This subgenus is confined to western Jamaica, where it rangesthrough the parishes of Hanover, St. James, Westmoreland, and St.Elizabeth. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOPILSBRYA*Umbilical keel well developed.Wrinkled sculpture of base strong.Shell large, greater diameter more than 20 mm westmorelandensisShell small, greater diameter less than 15 mm hendersoniWrinkled sculpture of base feeble.Pits outside of umbilical keel profound glenbumiensisPits outside of umbilical keel not profound rupisfontisUmbilical keel obsolete.Umbilicus very broad.Retractively slanting axial ribs of base very regular striosaRetractively slanting axial ribs of base very irregular jugosaUmbilicus not very broad.Shell large, greater diameter more than 24 mm ? caribaeaShell small, greater diameter less than 18 mm.Sculpture coarsely wrinkled rufilabrisSculpture not coarsely wrinkled asperula
3 1 have not seen C. (C.) besicicki (Chitty) and therefore have not included it in this key.
72 BULL/ETIN 181, UNITEiD STATE19 MATIONIAL MUSEUMCYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) WESTMORELANDENSIS (Chitty)Plate 12, Figubes 30-321857. Cyclotus westmorelandensis Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25,p. 156.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) westmorelandensis Kobklt and Mollendorff,Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.1912. Neocyclotus {Plectocyclotus) varians thielei Kobelt, Martini-ChemnitzConchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sec. 19, pt. 3, p. 944, pi. 141, figs. 10-12.Shell large, helicoid, the early whorls red, the last one pale brownwith the appressed summit almost white. The nucleus consists of1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The rest of the whorls are markedby rather strong axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. They are very regular on the early turns butbecome less so on the last whorl owing to the additional wrinkledsculpture. Beginning with the fourth turn, rather large, feebly de-veloped, and irregularly distributed wrinkles, which fade out on thelast part of the last turn, make their appearance. These wrinklesare best emphasized below the appressed summit. Suture stronglyimpressed on all but the last turn where the summit creeps up onthe preceding turn and forms a cord. Periphery well rounded andmarked by the wrinkling characteristic of the upper surface of thelast turn. Base inflated, strongly rounded, moderately broadly,openly umbilicated and marked by a series of very strong, oblique,retractively slanting, short cords, which radiate from the outer edge ofthe umbilicus, but do not reach the middle of the base. The spacesseparating these cords are not quite as wide as the cords. The rest ofthe base is feebly malleated. The umbilical wall is marked by obsoleteribs, which are the continuation of the strong oblique cords mentionedabove. These, as well as their interspaces, are crossed by incrementallines. Aperture circular, oblique, decidedly protracted into a clawlikeclement at the posterior angle ; the outer lip of the peristome is exca-vated below the summit and protracted on the middle, thin at the edge,with the inner lip thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 366099, receivedfrom C. B. Adams. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2mm.; greater diameter, 23.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm. It iswithout specific locality label.The species appears confined to the south side of WestmorelandParish, Jamaica, east of Savanna la Mar.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) HENDERSONI, new speciesPlate 12, Figures 21-23Shell very small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls pale; the succeedingwhorls reddish ; the last one yellowish, covered with a thin yellowish
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAND M0LLUS1K9 OF AMEIRI'OA 73periostracum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and markedby rather irregular wrinkled axial riblets. In addition to this, be-ginning with the second half of the first postnuclear whorl, wrinklesirregular in size and distribution make their appearance. These arerather coarse, particularly so on the last whorl. Suture well im-pressed, a little less so on the last part of the last whorl. Peripherywell rounded and marked by the continuation of the wrinkles. Baseinflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated with a low keel markingthe outer edge of the umbilicus. The entire base is marked by verystrong wrinkles, which almost assume the form of nodules, the spacesbetween them being strongly impressed pits. The umbilical wall ismarked by coarse, low, rounded, broad ribs which in turn are crossedby the incremental lines. Aperture circular, protracted into an angleat the posterior angle ; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner ratherthickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 57764, was received from C. B. Adams.It has 4.9 whorls and measures : Height, 9.9 mm. ; greater diameter,14.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm.No definite locality accompanies this specimen, but the same specieswas obtained by Henderson near Kings, Westmoreland Parish,Jamaica, which is the only locality we have for it. Kings is on thesouth coast of Westmoreland near the boundary of St. ElizabethParish. CYCLOPILSBRYA (CTCLOPILSBRYA) GLENBURNIENSIS, new speciesPlate 12, Figubes 18-20Shell large, helicoid, the denuded specimens soiled yellowish white.The nucleus consists of almost 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. Thepostnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by retractivelycurved, closely approximated, rather broad axial riblets, which arequite regular on the early whorls but become sinuous and slightlyirregular on the last whorl. Beginning with the middle half of thepenultimate whorl wrinkles make their appearance. These gain instrength with the increasing whorls, but again fade out on the lastone-tenth of the last turn. These wrinkles are irregular in strengthand distribution and extend in a more or less zigzag pattern fromthe summit toward the periphery in the best-developed portion. Su-ture well impressed except on the last half of the turn, which creepsup on the preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base stronglyrounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a very strongkeel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical sideof this keel is limited by a decided excavation. On the outside aseries of rather distantly spaced, protractively curved, short, stout
74 BULLOETIiN 181, UNITEO SfTATEIS NIATTOi]S[lAL MUSIEUM
riblets radiate from the keel, leaving broad impressed pits betweenthem. These riblets do not extend over more than one-third of thebase; the rest of the base is marked by incremental lines and slightpittings. Aperture circular, protracted into a clawlike element at theposterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhatthickened, particularly so at the umbilical keel. Operculum typicallycyclopilsbryid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535965, was collected by Orcutt on Glen-burnie Mountains, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.3 whorlsand measures : Height, 19.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 26.5 mm. ; lesserdiameter, 19.4 mm.Four additional lots from the immediate type locality are in the col-lection of the National Museum.The profound pits outside of the umbilical keel readily distinguishthis species from G. (O.) ru/pisfontis (Chitty), which it most nearlyresembles. CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUPISFONTIS (Chitty)Plate 12, Figures 24-261857. Cydotus rupisfontis Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155.1898. Neocyclotns (Plectocyclotus) ri/p/s/o/i^fs Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.Shell of medium size, elevated helicoid, covered with a dark chest-nut-brown periostracum except the region immediately below thesummit, which is buff. There are also frequently spiral lines of thebuff coloration on the last part of the last turn. The nucleus con-sists of 1.3 well rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls areinflated, strongly rounded; the first is marked by very regular,strongly elevated axial riblets, which are separated by spaces aboutas wide as the riblets. Beyond this turn the axial sculpture becomesirregular and the riblets become more or less sinuous on the nextwhorl, while on the last whorl they are very sinuous and the indi-viduals vary materially in strength from the summit to the periphery,forming in fact a series of jointed slight wrinkles. In addition tothis, there are heavy wrinkles on the last whorl, which are alsoirregular and slope in a general, slightly protractive direction. Theyare strongest on the middle of the turns and weaken toward thesummit and the periphery and lend to the last whorl an irregularlynodulose aspect. Suture well impressed except on the last turn,which creeps very strongly up on the preceding turn, to which itis appressed, leaving a slight concave area below its summit. Pe-riphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, rather nar-rowly umbilicated, provided with a strong keel at the outer edge ofthe umbilicus. On the umbilical side the keel is strongly inpinched,
THE CYCIjOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKICiA 75
while on the outside there is scarcely any impression. The umbilicalkeel itself is rendered rough by the incremental lines and immediatelyoutside of this there are a few faint obsolete pits. The rest of thebase is almost smooth or at best exceedingly faintly, irregularly,obsoletely nodulose. Aperture circular, protracted into a decidedlyclawlike element at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristomethin, the inner thickened, particularly so at the junction with thebasal keel. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, No. 174130,is one of a series collected by Dr. H. B. Baker on the hills north ofRetreat, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and meas-ures : Height, 19.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 24.3 mm. ; lesser diameter,18.0 mm. It resembles most closely G. (0.) glenhumiensis, fromwhich the feeble basal sculpture will readily differentiate it.The species is found on both sides of the boundary on the southside of Westmoreland and St. Elizabeth Parishes.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) STRIOSA (Chitty)Plate 12, Figures 27-291857. Cyclotus jugosus striosus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156.Shell very small, decidedly depressed-helicoid ; the early whorlsreddish, gradually changing to wax yellow on the last turn. Thenucleus consists of about 1.5 strongly elevated smooth turns; thesucceeding whorls are marked by strongly elevated axial ribs, whichare not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them, and whichon the last turn are most conspicuous on the oblique wrinkles. Be-ginning with the last whorl, rather rough, decidedly obliquely re-tractively slanting cords, which are about as wide as or a little widerthan the spaces that separate them, make their appearance. Thesecords are well elevated and extend enfeebled to the summit. Nearthe summit they assume a little more vertical direction. Suturestrongly constricted, even on the last whorl. Periphery well roundedand marked by the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, very openly umbilicated, with the merest indication of anumbilical keel. The strong oblique cords described for the spire ex-tend over the entire base and pass down on the umbilical wall as lessstrong riblets. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posteriorangle ; outer lip of the peristome thin ; the inner is slightly thickened.Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 168515, is one of a lot col-lected by Henderson and Simpson at Ipswich in the northwesternpart of St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and meas-ures: Height, 9.3 mm.; greater diameter, 14.4 mm.; lesser diameter10.8 mm.
76 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD STATEiS NIATTONIAL MUSEUMWe have many additional lots collected by Charles R. Orcutt fromthe same general region.The small size and the depressed-helicoid form will differentiatethis from all the other members of the genus.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) JUGOSA (C. B. Adams)Plate 12, Figures 33-35 ; Plate 42, Figukes 11-131852. Cyciostoma jugosum C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5,p. 59.1852. Cyclotus jugosus Pteitfeb, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventlum,vol. 1, p. 27.1857. Cyclotus jugosus parva Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) jugosus Kobelt and Mollkndoetf, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 2.9, p. 138, reprint.Shell very large, decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid,covered with a pale brown periostracum. The nuclear whorls areflesh colored, the succeeding whorls reddish, gradually paling to fleshcolor. The nucleus consists of 1.6 inflated, well-rounded, smoothwhorls. The succeeding turns are marked by strongly elevated, slen-der, very regular, slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which areabout one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. On thelast turn and a half strong wrinkles make their appearance, whichare arranged in a peculiar zigzag pattern, the zigzagging being verybroad. These wrinkles are about as wide as the spaces that separatethem. On the last half of the last turn the zigzag arrangementbecomes less conspicuous and the sculpture assumes more the characterof nodulation. Suture well impressed on all the turns. Peripherywell rounded and marked by the continuation of the sculpture of thespire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked with strongoblique cords near the umbilicus, which have a protracted slant. Therest of the base is marked by finer irregular cords, which are irregu-larly distributed but very strongly developed. Umbilicus broad andopen. The umbilical wall is marked by strong, almost sublamellaraxial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique, slightlyprotracted at the posterior angle ; outer lip of the peristome thin atedge, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclo-pilsbryid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 100685, is one of a large seriescollected by Orcutt between Ipswich and Springfield, near the 4-milemilestone, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.1 whorls andmeasures : Height, 16.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.8 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 20.4 mm.This species is readily distinguished from C. (0.) striosa (Chitty)by its very large size and irregular cording of the base. Chittydescribed this as Cyclotus jugosus farva. We find that the size of
THE CYCIjOPHORID LAHS^D M0LLUSK9 OF AMERICA 77this species varies very greatly, and that specimens meeting all therequirements of Chitty's parva may be found in any of the colonies.They merely represent individual variation, not zoogeographic races.This species is distributed through western St. Elizabeth Parishand the adjacent region of Westmoreland Parish.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) CARmAEA (Clench and Apiayo)Plate 13, Figures 43-451843. Cyclostoma corrugatum G. B. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11,p. 30 (not Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica mol-luscorum . . . p. 39, 1830).1935. Poteria cfiriMea Clench and Aguato, Nautilus, vol. 49, p. 51, pi. 3, figs. 5, 6.Shell large, helicoid. The nuclear whorls are pale brown, while thesucceeding turns are chestnut-brown, gi-adually fading to flesh color.The nucleus consists of 1.5 well rounded, smooth turns. The post-nuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, all but the last 1.5 turnsmarked by slender, rather weak and moderately distantly spaced,slightly retractive axial riblets. The last 1.5, in addition to thissculpture, are marked by strong wrinkles, which are very strong nearthe summit and there almost vertical in position; below this thereare oblique wrinkles, which are arranged in a more or less ill-definedzigzag fashion. Suture strongly impressed except on the last turn,which is slightly appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery stronglyrounded and marked by the continuation of the axial sculpture. Baseinflated, strongly rounded, with very coarse, oblique, protractivelyslanting wrinkled cords, which radiate from the outer edge of theumbilicus toward the periphery, weakening somewhat toward theperiphery. The base is rather narrowly openly umbilicated and theumbilical wall is marked by coarse, almost lamellar axial riblets andfine lines of growth. Aperture circular, slightly protracted into anangle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin, the mner somewhatthickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No. 535696, collectedby B. W. Oruda at Spring Mount, St. James Parish, Jamaica, andreceived from the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It has 5 whorlsand measures: Height, 16.8 mm.; greater diameter, 24.8 mm.; lesserdiameter, 18.0 mm.This species was first recognized by G. B. Sowerby, who called itCyclostoma corrugatum; that name being preoccupied by Menke'scorrugatum, the adoption of Clench and Aguayo's name caribaeabecomes necessary.The species is rather widely distributed, ranging through Hanover,Westmoreland, St. James, and St. Elizabeth Parishes.428349?42 Q
78 BUX*L(ETIiN 181, UTSTITEID SITATEI8 NlATXlOOSnAlL MTJSIEIUMCYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUFILABRIS (Chitty)Plate 13, Figures 1-31857. Cyclotus jugostis rulilalris Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156.Shell small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls flesh colored, the succeedingrose red, the rest brown with a reddish flush; aperture red. Thenucleus consists of a little more than a well-rounded, smooth turn.The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather closely spaced, poorlydeveloped, slightly retractively curved axial riblets. Beginning withthe last half of the penultimate whorl irregular wrinkles make theirappearance. These are strongest immediately anterior to the summit,where they appear as gi'oups of heavy broad nodules. Anterior tothis the finer cords, which are decidedly oblique and irregular, arepresent. Suture well impressed on all the whorls except the last partof the last, in which the summit creeps up on the preceding turn. Theperiphery is well rounded and marked by the continuation of thesculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, with verystrong, protractively curved, oblique wrinkles, which are separated byspaces as wide as the wrinkles. These do not extend to the periphery,but fade out toward the middle of the base, the anterior part beingsculptured like the upper surface. The umbilicus is not very broadand its wall is marked by rather strong axial ribs, which, like thespaces between them, bear fine incremental lines. Aperture circular,decidedly oblique, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle;outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened.Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356148, bears the label "Ja-maica," without detailed locality. It has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 12.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 16.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm.Three additional lots are in the collection of the National Museum.Two of these come from Balaclava, St. Elizabeth Parish, and anotherfrom Pepper, St. Elizabeth Parish.This species resembles most nearly C. (C.) aspervla (Sowerby),from which it can readily be distinguished by its stronger sculpture.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) ASPEBULA (Sowerby)Plate 13, Fiqubes 4-61843. Cijclostoma asperulum Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 91, pi.23, fig. 3.1852. Cyclotus aspendus Pfeiitee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 21.1898. NeocyrJotus ( Fleetocyclot us) asperulus Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.
THE CYCLOPHORiID LAOSID MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRIOA 79Shell small, helicoid, flesh colored, with a brownish flush. The nu-cleus consists of a little more than a single turn, which is well roundedand smooth. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded,and marked by feeble, retractively curved axial riblets, which areabout half as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last 1.5turns feeble wrinkles make their appearance, which on the last whorlare very regularly developed and distributed. They are not very prom-inent even here. Suture moderately strongly impressed. Peripherystrongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, very narrowly um-bilicated, marked by wrinkles, pits, and nodules. The umbilical wallis marked by slender riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular,oblique, protracted into a clawlike element at the posterior angle; outerlip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculumtypically cyclopilsbryid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474033, bears the label "Ja-maica," without definite locality designation. It has 4.6 whorls andmeasures: Height, 12.3 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesserdiameter, 12.5 mm.This species resembles in size and shape G. (O.) nifJahris (Chitty),from which it can be easily differentiated by its weak sculpture.Two additional specimens in our collection are also without localitydesignation.CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) BESWICKI (Chitty)1857. Cyclotus beswicki Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. Ix)ndon, p. 157.1898. Neocyclotus {Plectocyclotus) beswicki Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.I have not seen this species, so I quote Chitty's description
:
^^Form, subglobose-conic. Colour, pinkish, with light brown epi-dermis. Sculpture, very coarse lines of growth, very slight distantcorrugation on the last whorl, coarser below ; fine lines of growth withinumbilical keel. Spire, well elevated, with almost straight outlines.WhoT'ls, 514, moderately rounded, with moderate suture. Aperture,oblique and much dilated to the right below, depressed above. Peri-treme, slightly sinuate above, sharp on the right. Umbilicus, moderate,greatest width 0.25 [6.25 mm.]. Umbilical keel, strongly produced.Opercuhmi, with lamina of about 9 much incurved close spiral w^horls,which are very slightly concave on the entire margins; end of last alittle incurved to preceding one. Height 0.75 [18.75 mm.] ; greatestbreadth 0.9 [22.5 mm.] ; least breadth 0.74 [18.50 mm.]."Bogue Estate, north-east corner of St. Elizabeth."Cyclocaymania, new subgenusIn this subgenus the spiral lamella is curved inward to the veryedge, but attached to its free edge on the later turns is a broad fold,
80 BULLffiTlflSr 181, UNITEO SITATEIS NlATBONlAlL MUSEUMwhich extends in a curve downward and outward to almost meetthe next whorl.Type: Poteria caymanensis VilshYy? Cyclopilsbrya {Cyclocay-mania) cayTtianensis (Pilsbry).KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOCAYMANIAShell rugose.Umbilicus wide caymanensisUmbilicus narrow fonticulaShell not rugose laevitestaCYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) CAYMANENSIS (Pilsbry)Plate 13, Figures 7-9, 10-12 type1930. Poteria caymanensis Pilsbby, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 82,pi. 18, figs. 4, 5.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, flesh colored when the periostracumis removed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclearwhorls well rounded; the first with axial riblets, the rest with axialriblets which are less regular and toward the end become obsoleteand decidedly irregular. On the middle of the postnuclear whorlsthere are decidedly obliquely retractively slanting rugae, which, com-bined with the axial sculpture, produce a decidedly rough surface.On the last part of the last turn the rugae almost disappear and thewhorl, while still rough, is not as conspicuously patterned. Suturewell impressed. Aperture rounded. Base openly umbilicated with avery strong carina marking the outer limits of the umbilicus. Withinthe umbilicus the shell is inpinched above the keel. The surface ofthe base has the rugations very strongly marked and here they appearquite regular and separated by spaces a little narrower than theraised ridges. The axial threads of growth here also are less pro-nounced, while on the umbilical wall the axial riblets are more em-phasized. Aperture decidedly oblique, somewhat peaked at the pos-terior angle; peristome moderately thickened. The last whorl isslightly descending and the peristome is therefore rendered free.Operculum ?Dr. H. A. Pilsbry collected the type and the paratype of thisspecies 1 mile south of Georgetown, Grand Cayman. They constituteAcad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 150857. The type has 4.5 whorlsand measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.; lesserdiameter, 11.0 mm. The paratype has lost the early whorls. Itmeasures: Height, 10.6 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesserdiameter, 12.8 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKIOA 81CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) FONTICULA (Preston)Plate 13, Figubes 13-18 ; Plate 42, Figuebs 6-71911. Neocyclotus fonticulus Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 9, p. 359, fig.Shell small, helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracuni.Nuclear whorls 1.2, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorlsstrongly rounded, the first turn marked by slender, retractively curvedaxial riblets. Beyond this the axial riblets give way to semilamellar,more or less closely spaced, irregularly developed, retractively slantingaxial elements. These are rendered rough and more or less wavy byretractively curved, broad rugae, which on the last part of the last turnbecome enfeebled and almost vanish toward the aperture. Suturestrongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately wellrounded, limited at the umbilicus by a very heavy keel. The base issculptured by the continuation of the fine axial lamellae and by verystrong, retractively curved, quite regular and regularly spaced cords,which are separated by grooves a little less wide than the cords. Thebase is openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third thewidth of the greater diameter of the shell. The umbilical wall appearsexcavated above the bounding keel and is marked by the axial lamella-tion only. In apparently very old, senescent individuals, the last whorldescends near the aperture. In a majority of specimens, however,this is not the case. Aperture decidedly oblique, subcircular. In thespecimens where the last whorl is adnate to the preceding turn, theattachment to the parietal wall terminates in a lunate line and theperistome is protracted into a decided point at the posterior angle. Inspecimens where the last whorl is descending, the aperture becomesmore nearly circular and the posterior angle shows a carina on theoutside. Peristome simple ; the outer lip thin ; the inner lip, however,is materially thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid.Preston's type shows the senescent state, and I am figuring two speci-mens, one corresponding to his figure, and another showing the moreprevalent phase. These have 4.9 and 4.8 whorls, respectively, andmeasure : Height, 10.0, 9.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.5, 14.6 mm. ; lesserdiameter, 11.5 and 11.0 mm., respectively.These were selected from a large series of specimens, U.S.N.M. No.466831, collected by T, Savage English on Grand Cayman Island, with-out specific locality.Dr. H. A. Pilsbry obtained this species in the woods southwest ofNorth Sound, and I found a dead specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 392278, atthe church between St. George and Bowdentown.
82 BULLETM 181, UNTPEiD STATES NtATTONAl. MUSEUMCYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) LAEVITESTA (Pilsbry)Plate 13, Figures 22-241930. Poferia laevitesta Pilsbey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 82, pp.227-228, pi. 16, figs. 18, 18a, 19, 19a.Shell small, helicoid, covered with a honey-yellow periostracum.Nuclear whorls 1.4, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded, the first marked by very regular, retrac-tively slanting axial riblets, which are not quite so wide as the spacesthat separate them. After this the riblets become less regular andmore inclined to be lamellose and closely approximated, which renderthe surface of the spire rather rough but without rugations. Suturemoderately constricted. Periphery almost angulated. Base short,well rounded, marked like the spire with indications of fine spirallirations. A strong keel forms the umbilical angle. The umbilicalwall is excavated above this keel. The base also is devoid of ruga-tions. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the diameter of the shell.Aperture decidedly oblique, protracted at the posterior angle into analmost spurlike element. Peristome simple, outer lip thin ; inner lipdecidedly thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid.The specimen described and figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiladelphiaNo. 150658, is a paratype collected by Charles B. Taylor on GrandCayman. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 11.5 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 16.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.5 mm.Genus PTYCHOCOCHLIS Simpson1895. Ptychocochlis Simpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. vol. 17, p. 431.Simpson replaces Platystoma Klein, several times preoccupied, withthe name Ptychocochlis and cites as type Neocyclotus jaTnaicensisChemnitz, rechristened orthodoxly by Menke in 1830 as CyclostomaGorrugatum. The type of Ptychocochlis Simpson is Ptychocochliscorrugata (Mevike)^ Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabi-net, vol. 11, pp. 277-278, pi. 2'09, figs. 2057, 2058, 1795 (nonbinomial)rechristened in 1830 as Cyclostoma coi^rugatmn Menke, Synopsismethodica molluscorum * * *, p. 39.This genus is differentiated from Poteria by having the elevatedlamellae of the operculum expanded at the summit to resemble thecapital letter T or L inverted, the outer limb of the cross bar beingmuch longer than the inner and touching that of the succeedingwhorl, thus forming a complete deck.Type: Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke= Ptychocochlis corrugata(Menke).The radulae of Ptychocochlis clappij P. martensi (Kobelt), andP. savannensis show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw is without amedian projection. The verge of P. vendreysi is situated on the
THE CYCIjOPHO'RiID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEtRICiA 83back of the neck behind the tentacles. It is swollen basally and pro-vided with a seminal groove and a very short simple terminalappendage.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PTYCHOCOCHLIS *Nodulations present on base.Nodulations on base strong.Strong nodulations of base extending from umbilical keel toperiphery.Strong nodulations present on base of all of last whorl.Upper side of last whorl very coarsely wrinkled corrugatiorUpper side of last whorl not very coarsely wrinkled.Wrinkles of base coarse gosseiWrinkles of base fine.Shell more than 20 mm. in diameter variansShell less than 14 mm. in diameter gemmaStrong nodulations present on base of early portion oflast whorl only.Nodulations strong on all the upper surface of lastwhorl.Umbilical keel strong welchiUmbilical keel obsolete manchesterensisNodulations not strong on all the upper surface oflast whorl but obsolete on last part.Nodulose ridges retractively slanting at periphery, tayloriNodulose ridges protractively slanting at pe-riphery.Nodulations coarse zigzagNodulations finer shawaeStrong nodulations of base not extending from umbilicalkeel to periphery.Nodulations of upper surface of last whorl few anddistantly spaced clappiNodulations of upper surface of last whorl not few ordistantly spaced.Shell gigantic, greater diameter more than 32 mm senexShell not gigantic, greater diameter 27 mm. or less.Nodulations on base very strong corrugataNodulations on base not very strong adanasiNodulations on base feeble.Oblique, protractively curved wrinkles present near umbili-cal keel simpsonlOblique, protractively curved wrinkles absent near umbili-cal keel.Weak nodules present on upper surface of all of lastwhorl.Nodules on base weak martensiNodules on base obsolete.Umbilicus wide hendersoniUmbilicus narrow marianna
* I have not included P. suirugosa (Sowerby) in this key, since I have not seen specimensof it.
84 BULUETIOSI' 181, UNITED STATES MATEONIAIL MUSEUMWeak nodules not present on the upper surface of allof last whorl.Penultimate whorl with obliquely curved wrinkles.Wrinkles retractively curved on anterior halfof whorl lacteofluvialisWrinkles protractively curved on anteriorhalf of whorl.Nodulose sculpture strong savannensisNodulose sculpture weak orcuttiPenultimate whorl without obliquely curved wrin-kles.Wrinkles on penultimate whorl arrow-shaped.Arrow-shaped wrinkles iwinting forward minorArrow-shaped wrinkles pointing back-ward.Shell decidely elevated magnaShell not decidedly elevated montegoensisWrinkles on jDenultimate whorl not arrow-shaped.Umbilicus very narrow vendreysiUmbilicus not very narrow subglobosaNodulations absent on base campeachyiPTYCHOCOCHLIS CORRUGATIOR (Chitty)P-LATE 13, FiGUKES 37-391857. Cyclotus corrugatior Chittt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 149.1899. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) corrugatior Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136.Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. Nuclear whorls fleshcolored, the succeeding turns wood brown, the last one paler, with thesummit of the corrugations lighter than the rest of the shell. Peristomeand interior soiled bluish white. The nucleus consists of about 1smooth well-rounded turn. The first 1^4 postnuclear turns are wellrounded and marked by slightly retractively curved axial riblets, whichare about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. The suc-ceeding turns are also strongly rounded and marked by the continua-tion of the axial riblets, which here are rendered irregularly disposedby the strong rugations. Beginning with the third whorl and extend-ing over the remaining turns, except the last half of the last whorl,strongly raised, decidedly oblique, protractively slanting ridges maketheir appearance. These ridges extend to about one-fourth of thedistance between the summit and the periphery anterior to the summit.They are rendered slightly nodulose by the axial riblets. The last halfof the last turn is marked by nodules, which are not of uniformstrength or spacing, or the direction of slant. These are also renderedmore finely nodulose by the crossing axial riblets. The suture of allbut the last half turn is deeply impressed. In the last half turn the
THE CYCIiOPHORID JjKNT) MOLLUSKS OF AMERIOA 85summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding turn. Peripherywell rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, and providedwith a strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The space be-tween the umbilical keel and the periphery is marked by raised, re-tractively slanting ridges, which join those on the upper portion ofthe whorl, but here have the reverse slant. They are not quite sostrong as those on the upper surface and they weaken in strengthtoward the umbilical keel. In addition to this, strong incrementallines representing the continuation of the finer axial riblets are present.The umbilical wall is marked by crowded, rather rough axial ribletsand incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, slightly angulated at theposterior angle where it is also somewhat protracted ; the outer per-istome is strongly evenly curved; the inner slightly thickened at theumbilical keel. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured has 5 whorls and measures : Height, 13.5 mm.
;
greater diameter, 21.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.9 mm. It is one of thespecimens in the Adams collection at Amherst College, and the labelstates that it came from Gutters and was donated by Chitty.The species centers in Manchester Parish, Jamaica, but it also ex-tends into Clarendon to the east and the eastern part of St. Elizabethand to the north into St. Ann Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS GOSSEI, new speciesPlate 13, Figuees 34-36Shell rather large, helicoid. The nucleus and early postnuclearturns are almost blood-red; the rest unicolor, chestnut-brown, orbanded. In the type there is a white band immediately below thesummit and a broad light zone extending from the periphery to themiddle of the base, and finer paler lines on the anterior portion of thebase, which is also of a paler tint than the upper surface. The nucleusconsists of a single, well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclearwhorls are strongly rounded. The first postnuclear whorl is markedby slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are not quite aswide as the spaces that separate them. These fine riblets continueover the rest of the whorls, becoming a little heavier and decidedlyirregular in distribution on the last whorl. On the second postnuclearwhorl the beginning of the decidedly oblique, protracted ridges maketheir appearance. These become intensified as the shell increases insize, and on the penultimate whorl they are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. They do not extend on the anterior fourth of thewhorls and on the last half of the last whorl they become much en-feebled. They are never as pronounced as in P. corrugatior (Chitty).On all the whorls, except the last, the suture is well impressed ; on thelatter the summit is appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well
86 BULIiETinsr ISl, UlSriTE? STATEIS NlATIOiNlAlL MTJSIETJM
rounded. Base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openlyumbilicated, with a strong broad keel limiting the outer terminationof the umbilicus. The posterior half of the base is decidedly wrinkled,almost to the very edge of the peristome. On the anterior half thewrinkling is almost absent. The umbilical keel is rendered somewhatnotched by the axial sculpture. The umbilical wall is marked by fairlystrong axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture subcircular,angulated at the posterior angle and slightly effuse at the junction ofthe basal and outer lip. The outer lip is thin; the inner, some-what thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 398343, is one of a series collected by Orcuttat Hermitage Dam, Jamaica, that is, on the main road between Con-stant Spring and Stony Hill, St. Andrew. It has 5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.2 mm.; lesserdiameter, 18.8 mm.The larger size, less open umbilicus, and more elevated form, as wellas the feebler nodulation, will readily distinguish this species fromP. corrugatior. PTYCHOCOCHLIS VARIANS (C. B. Adams)Pr^TE 13, FiGLTRES 40-421852. Cyclostoma variavs C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5,p. 59.1852. Cyclotus various Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,Suppl. 1, p. 27.1898. Neoayclotiis (PlectocifclotHs) varians Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.Shell of medium size, soiled flesh colored, covered by a pale brownperiostracum. The nuclear whorls appear to vary from flesh coloredto reddish. Tlie nucleus consists of a little more than a turn, whichis smooth and well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded ; the first is marked by slender, retractively curved axial rib-lets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them.Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl, strong, oblique, protrac-tively curved ridges make their appearance. These continue to theearly part of the last whorl. These ridges do not extend quite to thesummit but stop at about one-fourth of the distance between thesummit and periphery, anterior to the summit. The spaces separat-ing these ridges are about equal to the ridges. They, as well as theridges, are crossed by the slender axial riblets. On the last whorlthe oblique ridges gradually disappear and are replaced by irregularwrinkles that appear to be without definite direction. This sculptureextends almost to the peristome. The suture is well impressed on allbut the last turn, which is appressed at the summit. Periphery well
THE CYCIiO'PHORilD LAIs'D MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRICIA 87
rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly moderately broadly umbili-cated with a strong keel bounding the outer edge of the umbilicus.The entire surface of the base is marked by irregularly disposedwrinkles and pits. The umbilical keel is rendered rather rough bythe incremental lines, which extend strongly and roughly into theumbilicus. Aperture subcircular, rather strongly protracted into anangle at the posterior angle; outer peristome thin, the inner somewhatthickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured is one of C. B. Adams' original lot, No. 6.This was selected by H. B. Baker ^ as the type of Adams' complex. Ithas 5 whorls and measures : Height, 14.6 mm. ; greater diameter, 20.8mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. No specific locality accompanies thislot.The species appears restricted to the north coast of Jamaica in St.Mary and St. Ann Parishes, that is, the stretch between Port Mariaand Ocho Kios Bay. PTYCHOCOCHLIS GEMMA (Chitty)Plate 13, Figures 25-271857. Cyclotus gemma Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) gemma Kobelt and Moixendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, pale horn colored. The nucleusconsists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded ; the first is marked by slender, retractivelycurved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that sep-arate them. The second postnuclear whorl shows the beginning ofoblique wrinkles, which are not quite as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. On the last whorl these wrinkles assume an irregulardistribution, the spaces between them being a little wider than thewrinkles. These rugations do not extend quite to the summit. Suturewell impressed in all the turns. Periphery well rounded. Basebroadly openly umbilicated, marked by very strong, rough, decidedlyoblique, protracted cords, which are wider than the spaces thatseparate them and are rendered roughened by the axial riblets. Theumbilical keel is but feebly expressed, and the umbilical wall ismarked by closely spaced axial riblets. Aperture circular, slightlyangulated at the posterior angle, oblique ; peristome thin. Operculumtypically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured is C. B. Adams' unique type in the AmherstCollege collection, received from Chitty, and is said to have comefrom Burnt Hill, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It is the only
6 Nautilus, vol. 48, p. 86, 1935.
88 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NlATIONlAiL MUSflEUMspecimen that I have seen. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height,7.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 12.7 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm.PTYCHOCOCHLIS WELCHI, new speciesPlate 13, Figxjbes 28-30Shell small, depressed-helicoid, the early whorls red, the rest oliva-ceous with a chestnut-brown tinge; interior of the aperture bluishwhite. The nucleus consists of 1.2 well-rounded, smooth turns. Thefirst postnuclear turn is well rounded and marked by poorly devel-oped, somewhat irregularly distributed, feeble axial riblets. On theremaining turns these riblets become more and more irregular owingto the rugate ridges marking the surface. Beginning with the sec-ond postnuclear whorl, these ridges gradually develop; they extendfrom almost at the summit to the periphery and have a decidedlyprotracted slant. They are not quite as wide as the low spaces thatseparate them, and are crossed by the slender riblets. Suture stronglyconstricted. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated witha moderately strong keel marking its outer limit. The base is markedby weak, retractively curved ridges, which are best developed on theearly part of the last turn and become obsolete on the later portion.They are strongest near the periphery. The umbilical wall is markedby strong, fairly coarse riblets. Aperture circular, protracted intoa decided angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin. Operculumtypically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535966, was collected by d'Alte A. Welchat his station A7, at Hardware Gap, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica.It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 10.6 mm. ; greater diameter,15.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11 mm.Nine topotypes are in Dr. Welch's collection. This species suggestsP. manchesterensis, from which its coarser sculpture on the upper sur-face, more pronounced umbilical keel, and feebler sculpture of the basewill readily distinguish it.PTYCHOCOCHLIS MANCHESTERENSIS, new speciesPlate 13, Figubes 19-21Shell of medium size, lielicoid, pale chestnut-brown. Nuclearwhorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The first postnuclear whorl isstrongly rounded and marked by slender, slightly retractively curved,rather closely spaced axial riblets. These axial riblets becomestronger and less regular on the succeeding postnuclear turn. Onthe last whorl they are decidedly sinuous. Beginning with the sec-ond postnuclear turn in addition to the axial riblets, the whorls aremarked on the anterior two-thirds by decidedly obliquely slanting.
THE CYCLOPHORITD LADSTD MOLLIISKS OF AMEiRIOA 89protracted ridges, which are less than half the width of the spacesthat separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of thelast whorl well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated, theouter edge of the umbilicus being marked by an obsolete cord. Thebase is marked by rather closely spaced, broad, retractively curved,moderately elevated ridges, which are best developed on the earlyportion of the last turn. On the last portion of the last turn theseridges become obsolete. The umbilical wall is marked by roughriblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, rather effuse atthe junction of the outer and basal lip, and slightly angulated at theposterior angle ; peristome tliin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type is one of six specimens. No. 174135, in the collection ofthe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It was collectedby H. Burrington Baker at Belretiro, Manchester Parish, Jamaica.It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 11 mm. ; greater diameter,17.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm.PTYCHOCOCHLIS TAYLORI. new speciesPlate 13, Figubes 31-33Shell of medium size, varying in shape from helicoid to depressed-helicoid, covered with a thin olivaceous periostracum. The nucleusconsists of a single smooth, well-rounded turn. The postnuclearwhorls are strongly rounded; the first 1.5 are marked by rather weak,slender axial riblets which are rather distantly spaced. On the suc-ceeding turn the axial riblets become irregular, sinuous, and almostnarrowly lamellose. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorland extending to the last half of the last turn, very oblique, protac-tively slanting ridges are present, which are about as wide as thespaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn theseridges become very irregular and have the nodules all arranged ina retractive position. Suture well impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base well rounded, openly, rather broadly umbilicatedwith a rather strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. Theearly part of the base bears quite strong nodulations, which gradu-ally become weaker toward the end. The umbilical wall is markedby numerous, closely spaced, slender hairlike riblets. Aperture sub-circular, oblique, slightly protracted and angulated at the posteriorangle; outer peristome thin, the inner peristome is rather thickened.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356032, was collected by C. B. Taylor inUpper Clarendon Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.4 whorls and measures
:
Height, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.1mm.
90 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMAn additional specimen from the same locality is considerablylarger. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 15.2 mm.; greaterdiameter, 21.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm.PTYCHOCOCHLIS ZIGZAG (Chitty)Plate 14, Figures 13-151857. Cyclotus zigzag Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocijclotus) zigzag Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nacnro.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. All our specimens havelost the epidermis, the remaining shell being soiled white. The nu-cleus consists of a little more than a single well-rounded, smooth turn.Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded; the first is marked by feeble,rather distantly spaced axial riblets. On the succeeding postnuclearwhorls the axial riblets become rather irregular, owing to the nodula-tions; they also become stronger and appear almost lamellose. Be-ginning with the second postnuclear whorl, nodular ridges make theirappearance. These ridges are not so wide as the spaces that separatethem and do not extend over the posterior fourth of the turns. Theyare decidedly obliquely protractively curved. They become obsoleteon the last fourth of the last whorl. Suture well impressed. Pe-riphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded,provided with a very strong keel marking the outer limit of theumbilicus. This keel is decidedly inpinched on the umbilical side,and a little less so on the outside. The first half of the last turn ofthe base is strongly nodulose; on the latter part the nodulation be-comes enfeebled. The umbilical wall bears numerous axial riblets andfine hairlike incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique, protractedinto a slight angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin on theouter lip and thickened on the inner. Operculum typicallyptychocochlid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 399500, is one of a series col-lected by C. R. Orcutt in Grays Valley, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. Ithas 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.4 mm.; greater diameter,18.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.8 mm.We have this species from quite a number of localities, all of whichare located on the northern rim of Trelawny and the western portionof St. Ann Parishes.PTYCHOCOCHLIS SHAWAE, new speciesPluVte 14, Figures 10-12Shell of medium size, helicoid. The nuclear whorls and first post-nuclear turn pale, the succeeding turns chestnut-brown, graduallybecoming paler on the last whorl. Base a little paler than the spire.Aperture soiled white with a brownish tinge. The nucleus consists
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMElRIClA 91
of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. Postnuclear whorls wellrounded ; the first is marked by slender, decidedly retractively curved,rather closely spaced axial riblets, which are fairly strong. Thesucceeding turns also have axial riblets, which are less regular, andquite irregular on the last whorl, where they are almost lamellose.In addition to this, beginning with the second postnuclear whorls,there are strong, decidedly retractively slanting ridges that do notextend on the posterior fourth of the turns. These ridges are notquite so wide as the spaces that separate them, and they becomeobsolete on the last third of the last whorl, where they are replacedby less strong irregular nodulations. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, theumbilicus bounded by a strong keel, which is inpinched on bothsides. The base is marked on the early portion of the last turn byoblique, retractively slanting ridges, which are replaced on the lasthalf of the turn by irregular wrinkles. The umbilical wall is markedby riblets and fine lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique,slightly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Peristomethin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535967, is one of a series of specimenscollected by Orcutt at Balaclava, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. It has4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 14.0 mm.; greater diameter, 19.8mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.2 mm.A host of specimens before me appear to confine this species tothe Cockpit region of northern St. Elizabeth Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS CLAPPI, new speciesPlate 14, Figures 19-21Shell very large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostra-cum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. Thepostnuclear whorls are well rounded, the early ones separated by awell-marked suture, and the later ones appressed at the summit.The first 1.5 nuclear whorls are marked by slender, slightly retract-ively curved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. Beyond this the nodular ridges gradually make theirappearance. These are rather irregular, that is they begin at thesummit as retractive elements, then near the middle of the whorl bendforward into protractive ridges, thus producing a somewhat arrow-pointed cone-in-cone effect. This arrangement disappears on thelast half of the last turn, where the nodulations become irregularand quite obsolete. On the last fourth of the last whorl, spiralthreads make their appearance. The last whorl is strongly con-stricted below the summit, which causes the posterior portion toappear decidedly appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well
92 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keel,which is not only pinched in on the umbilical side, but appears evenexcavated at this place. On the outside of the keel there is also adepression and here we find strongly developed pits and noduleswhich extend over the anterior half of the base. The umbilicalwall is marked by somewhat irregular riblets and lines of growth.Aperture circular, strongly protracted and angulated at the posteriorangle ; outer lip of the peristome thin ; the inner somewhat thickened.The operculum differs from the typical ptychocochlid in having theoutward reflected portion of the whorls not quite touching that of theexpanded inner portion of the succeeding turn, thus leaving a slightchannel between the two in some of the turns.The type is one of C. B. Adams' complex of Gyclostoma varians.It is part of his No. 7 and is labeled Portland, Jamaica, Agnes Hines,collector.The type is in the Amherst College collection. It has 5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater diameter, 31.4 mm.; lesserdiameter, 23.0 mm. PTYCHOCOCHLIS SENEX, new speciesPlate 14, Figures 22-24This is the largest of the known Jamaican cyclophorids. It has ahelicoid shell. The specimen is without periostracum. The nucleusconsists of a little more than one turn, which is well rounded andsmooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the first 2.5 aremarked by slender, slightly retractively curved, hairlike axial rib-lets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them.These are followed by a turn in which very strong, retractivelycurved ridges are present. On the first half of the last whorl theseridges assume an arrowpoint arrangement, a cone-in-cone type, inwhich the point of the arrow is almost on the middle of the whorl.On the last half of the last whorl this arrangement becomes obsoleteand the shell is marked by strong incremental lines and nodulationsnear the summit, the senescent last portion appearing strongly den-ticulated. The suture of the early whorls is well impressed, whileon the last turn the summit of the whorls becomes appressed to thepreceding turn, and materially creeps up on this. Periphery wellrounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated with a strong,heavily nodulose keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.From this keel there radiates toward the middle of the base a seriesof heavy ridges which are separated by spaces about as wide as theridges. These ridges have a protractive slant. They become obso-lete on the last fifth of the last whorl. The umbilical wall is markedby coarse ribs, which bear finer hairlike incremental lines. Aper-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAJSJD M0LLUSK9 OF AMIERIClA 93ture subcirciilar, oblique, protracted to form an angle at the posteriorangle; peristome moderately thickened all around. Operculumunknown.The unique type is in the C. B. Adams collection. It measures:Height, 22.4 mm.; greater diameter, 33.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.2mm. It was with Adams' No. 7 of Cyclostoma varians collected byAgnes Hines in Portland Parish, Jamaica.PTYCHOCOCHLIS CORRUGATA (Menke)Plate 14, Figures 7-91795. Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.11, p. 277, pi. 209, figs. 2057, 2058 (nonbinomial).1830. Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke {= Turl}0 jamaicensis Chemnitz), SsTiopsismethodica Molluscorum, p. 39.1857. Cyclotus portlandensis Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc= London, vol. 25, p. 147.Shell moderately large, helicoid, chestnut-brown, a little paler onthe last whorl, which tends toward buff. The appressed summit ofthe whorls is also a little paler than the rest of the shell. There isa broad dark band at the periphery, while the anterior portion ofthe base and the umbilicus are flesh colored with a yellowish tinge,which is also the color of the interior of the aperture. The nucleusconsists of a little more than a turn, which is well rounded andsmooth. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded ; the first oneand three-quarters are marked by slender, decidedly elevated, andrather distantly spaced, slightly protractivelj slanting axial riblets.Following this, wrinkles make their appearance. These are arrangedin a somewhat arrow-shaped pattern extending retractively over athird of the distance between the summit and the periphery, thenbending abruptly protractively toward the periphery. These ridgesare about as wide as the spaces that separate them and fade out atthe summit, which is appressed to the preceding turn as a ridge.On the last third of the last turn these ridges become decidedlyirregular and gradually fade out. On the last turn there is a strongdepression a little distance below the summit. On all these ridgedwhorls the fine axial riblets are well developed, but are renderedirregular and wavy as they cross the nodules of the ridges. Onthe first two turns the suture is strongly impressed ; on the succeedingturn it is rendered less conspicuous by the appression of the summitof the whorls to the preceding turn. Periphery well rounded. Basestrongly rounded, openly umbilicated, with a very pronounced keelmarking the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel is separatedfrom the umbilical wall by a deeply impressed groove. On the out-side it is less strongly differentiated. The posterior half of the baseis more or less smooth, while the anterior portion is marked by pro-428349?42- 7
94 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMtractively curved, strong ridges separated by spaces as wide as theridges. There are also deep pits at the umbilical keel, which aremore or less regularly disposed. The umbilical keel is renderedrough by the incremental elements and the umbilical wall is markedby rough axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular,oblique, decidedly protracted and angulated at the posterior angle;outer lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typicallyptychocochlid.The specimen figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 253665, fromPort Antonio, Portland Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls andmeasures: Height, 17.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.3 mm.; lesserdiameter, 18.7 mm.A large series of specimens before me all come from the north coastof Portland, ranging from Port Antonio westward.I have been unable to differentiate Chitty's Cyclotus portlandeTisis,even subspecifically, from this species,PTYCHOCOCHLIS ADAMSI, new speciesPlate 14, Figubes 4-6Shell rather large, helicoid, the upper surface chestnut-brown ; thelower, paler. Interior of aperture soiled white. The nucleus consistsof 1.5 well-rounded smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are markedby rather weak somewhat retractively curved axial riblets, which arerather distantly spaced. Beginning with the third postnuclear whorl,weak nodules make their appearance, which extend from the appressedsummit to the periphery in a protractive, decidedly oblique slope. Thistype of sculpture extends over only about half a turn, after which thenodulation becomes irregularly disposed and practically disappears onthe last third of the last turn. The suture of the early whorls is verystrongly impressed. On the last 1.5 turns the summit of the turns be-comes decidedly appressed and projects over the preceding turn so asto form a strong ridge, which renders the suture less conspicuous. Onthe last whorl there is a decided groove below this appressed portion.Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly umbilicated,with a very strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. Thiskeel is separated by a decidedly impressed groove anteriorly. Posteriorto the keel more or less regularly disposed deep pits are present, whilethe spaces between them extend as oblique short cords toward theperiphery ; they do not, however, reach the middle of the base. Theumbilical wall is marked by coarse riblets and lines of growth. Aper-ture circular, oblique, protracted into a decided angle at the posteriorangle, where it joins the preceding turn as a slight shelf; peristomethin on the outer lip, somewhat thickened on the inner. The oper-culum is not quite typically ptychocochlid, the outer projection of the
THE CYCIjOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiRICA 95expanded summit falling short of reaching the succeeding turns inspots.The type, from Portland Parish, Jamaica, is one of the C. B. Adamscollection at Amherst College. It has 5 whorls and measures : Height,19.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.7 mm.This species resembles quite closely P. corrugata (Menke) but iseasily differentiated by its much less strongly developed sculpture andthe difference in the operculum noted.PTYCHOCOCHLIS SIMPSONI, new speciesPl.\te 14, FiGUBES 16-18Shell of medium size, helicoid, chestnut-brown with the cord at thesummit of the last whorl buff. The nucleus consists of a little morethan a single low, rounded, smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorlsare inflated and strongly rounded; the first one is marked by veryslender, slightly retractively curved, weak axial riblets. The secondpostnuclear whorl shows the beginning of oblique protractive wrinkleswhich do not quite extend to the summit. This sculpture continues tothe last half of the last turn, where it becomes irregular. The entiresurface is also marked by incremental lines of more or less irregularstrength. Suture strongly impressed on the early whorls, renderedless conspicuous on the last turn by the appressed summit. Peripherywell rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated and marked with a mod-erately strong cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus and a series offeeble protractively slanting ridges adjacent to the umbilical cord,which are separated by spaces about as wide as the ridges. The restof the base shows an indication of incised spiral lines. The umbilicalwall is marked by rather coarse incremental lines. Aperture circular,large, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lipthin, the inner thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535968, was collected by Henderson andSimpson at Bog Walk, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.8whorls and measures : Height, 15.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.3 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 15.5 mm.Its smaller size and feebler sculpture will differentiate this speciesfrom both P. corrugata (Menke) and P. adamsi. The species seemsto be confined to the region of Bog Walk.PTYCHOCOCHUS MARTENSI (Kobelt)Plate 14, Figures 1-3 ; Plate 42, Figueeb 8-101912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) martensi Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchy-lien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 943, pi. 141, figs. 2-4.Shell large, helicoid, chestnut-brown ; interior of the aperture chest-nut-brown. The nucleus consists of about one well-rounded smooth
96 BULLETIN 181, UNITE'D STATES NlATTONlAL MUSEUMturn. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded; the first ismarked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are abouthalf as wide as the spaces that separate them. Axial riblets alsocover the rest of the whorls, but beyond the first turn they becomeless regular and tend more toward the formation of slender lamellae.Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl, oblique ridges maketheir appearance. These ridges are decidedly protractively curved,and are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. Theyare strongest on the early turns and gradually fade and disappear onthe middle of the spire, after which they are replaced by irregular,low wrinklings and nodulations, as well as malleations. Suturestrongly impressed, except on the last turn, which is appressed to thepreceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded,openly umbilicated, with a strongly elevated keel marking the outeredge of the umbilicus. This keel is decidedly notched and roughened,and separated from the umbilical wall by a strong groove. On theoutside it is also separated by a groove, but here the groove is weakerthan that on the umbilical side. The rest of the base is marked byobsolete spiral lines and indications of malleations, as well as strongincremental lines. The umbilical wall is marked by numerous in-cremental lines, which tend toward the formation of riblets. Aper-ture circular, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outerlip of the peristome thin; inner, somewhat thickened. Operculumtypically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M, No. 356092, was collected by JohnB. Henderson at Holly Mount, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.4 mm.; greater diameter, 28.6mm. ; lesser diameter, 21.0 mm.The species has a rather wide distribution through the northernpart of the island. It ranges through Trelawny and St. Ann Parishesand the northeastern part of St. Catherine Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS HENDERSONI, new speciesPlate 15, Figijkes 7-9Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. The denuded specimenwhite. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn.The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded; the firstis marked by slender, feeble axial riblets; the succeeding turns inaddition to the axial riblets are marked by protractively curvedridges, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them andwhich do not extend on the anterior fourth of the turns. Theseridges extend fairly strongly to the very end of the last whorl.Suture strongly impressed on all but the last turn, which is appressedto the preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly
THE CYCIjOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMJERIOA 97
openly umbilicated. The outer edge of the umbilicus is bounded bya weak keel. The base is marked by rather strong incremental linesand a series of oblique pits, which are not profound at the outer edgeof the umbilical keel. The umbilical wall is marked by low, ratherbroad axial riblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique,protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; peristome slightlythickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535969, was collected between Fort Au-gusta and Port Henderson in St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 11.3 mm.; greater diameter, 17.1mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm.Two additional specimens from the same locality are a trifle larger.This species is nearest related to P. marianna^ from which it canreadily be separated by its broader umbilicus.PTYCHOCOCHLIS MARIANNA, new speciesPlate 15, Figxires 1-3Shell of medium size, helicoid, chestnut-brown, a trifle paler onthe underside. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smoothturn. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded; the first ismarked by slender, retractively slanting, hairlike axial riblets, whichare as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the succeedingturns these riblets become decidedly intensified and irregular as theycross the ridges, nodulations, and pits. Beginning with the secondpostnuclear whorl, oblique protractively slanting wrinkles make theirappearance. These ridges are separated by spaces not quite so wideas the wrinkles. This sculpture continues to the last half of thelast turn, beyond which the wrinkles become irregularly disposedand also decidedly irregular in size. Toward the end of this whorlthey become almost obsolete. Suture strongly impressed on theearly whorls, adnate on the last whorl. Periphery well rounded.Base well-rounded, narrowly umblicated, the umbilicus provided witha strong keel at its outer lunit. A deeply impressed groove sepa-rates the keel from the umbilical wall. The keel is rendered de-cidedly rough by the incremental elements. The base is marked byscarcely p)erceptible indications of nodules. It also gives one theimpression of having obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wallis marked by moderately strong incremental lines. Aperture cir-cular, decidedly oblique, protracted into an angle at the posteriorangle ; peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535970, was collected by Henderson atRoaring River Falls, Ocho Rios, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica. It has 5whorls and measures : Height, 17.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.2 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 16.3 mm.
98 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATTONlAL MUSEUMThe species appears to be confined to the north coast of St, Annand St. Mary Parishes.PTYCHOCOCHLIS LACTEOFLUVIALIS (Pilsbry and Brown)Plate 15, Figltres 4-61910. Aperostoma (Ptycjiocochlis) lacteofluviale Pilsbht and Beown, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 534.Shell rather small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios-tracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn.Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded ; the first marked withmere protractively slanting incremental lines; the rest also showincremental lines, which gradually increase in size, and form onthe last turn more or less sinuous, almost hairlike riblets. Beginningwith the second postnuclear whorl, weak, protractively slanting axialwrinkles make their appearance, which do not extend to the pos-terior third of the whorls and are best emphasized on the middle.These wrinkles are about as wide as the spaces that separate them.The wrinkles disappear on the last whorl, where indications ofspiral obsolete threads make their appearance. Suture very stronglyimpressed on all but the last half of the last whorl, which is adnate.Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openlyumbilicated, with a weakly developed cord marking the outer limitof the umbilicus. The base has scarcely any indications of obsoletenodules, but is marked by feeble spiral cords and incremental lines.The umbilical wall is marked by rather coarse riblets and incrementallines. Aperture decidedly oblique, strongly protracted to form anangle at the posterior angle. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356037, is one of a series ofspecimens collected by C. B. Taylor at Round Hill, Milk River, Claren-don Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.7 whorls and measures : Height, 12.5mm. ; greater diameter, 16.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm.The species seems to be confined to the Milk River region of south-western Clarendon Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS SAVANNENSIS. new speciesPlate 15, Figures 13-15Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a palechestnut-brown periostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorls are inflated andstrongly rounded ; the first is marked by slender, closely spaced, hair-like, retractively slanting axial riblets. The second postnuclearwhorl, in addition to slender riblike incremental lines, is marked by
THE CTCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRIOA 99
almost vertical axial ridges, which are separated by spaces abouttwice as wide as the ridges. Beginning with the third postnuclearwhorl, the ridges assume a protractively slanting position. Herethey do not reach to the summit but terminate at the anterior thirdbetween summit and suture. These ridges here are not quite so wideas the spaces that separate them. On the last whorl they again dis-appear and the whorl is marked by irregular nodules, which becomedecidedly enfeebled on the last portion of this turn. Suture stronglyimpressed on all but the last turn, which is adnate to the precedingwhorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly,rather narrowly umbilicated and provided with a rather strong keelat the outer limit of the umbilicus. The base is marked by lines ofgrowth and scarcely any indications of nodulations. The umbilicalwall is marked by rather rough lines of growth. Aperture circular,protracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Operculum typicallyptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356025, is one of a large series of speci-mens collected by Henderson at Savanna la Mar, WestmorelandParish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 13.0 mm.
;
greater diameter, 20.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 14.5 mm.This species is confined to the region about Savanna la Mar, thatis, the southern side of central Westmoreland Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS ORCUTTI, new speciesPlate 15, Figubes 27-29Shell large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum,sometimes with a light zone near the summit and the periphery.When the periostracum is removed there is a pinkish tinge to theshell substance of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated andstrongly rounded ; the first is marked by feeble, slightly retractivelyslanting, hairlike riblets, which are not so wide as the spaces thatseparate them. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorls, weak,oblique, low, protractively slanting ridges make their appearance,which do not reach the anterior fourth between summit and suture.These disappear shortly after the last whorl is reached, where theyare replaced by feeble, irregular nodules, which become obsolete onthe last part of the last turn. Suture moderately strongly impressedon the early whorls ; the last has the summit appressed, which char-acteristic renders the sutrure less conspicuous. Periphery wellrounded. Base somewhat inflated, well rounded, openly, moder-ately broadly umbilicated. The umbilicus is bounded on the out-side by a cord, which is rendered rough by the incremental lines.
100 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe base is marked by incremental lines and appears free from nodu-lations. The umbilical wall is marked by coarse, irregular ribletsand lines of growth. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, with astrongly protracted angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin;the inner, thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 395588, was collected by Orcutt at ArntullyEstate on Stony Valley River, at an elevation of 3,000 feet in St.Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.1 whorls and measures : Height,20.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 26.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 20.0 mm.The species appears to range through the southern slope of the BlueMountains in St. Thomas Parish.PTYCHOCOCHLIS MINOR (Chitty)Plate 15, Figube.s 10-121857. Cyclotus corrugatior minor Chittt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol, 25, p. 150.Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a pale brownperiostracum. The nucleus consists of a little more than a smoothrounded whorl. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and well rounded
;
the first is marked by slender, very poorly developed axial riblets. Be-ginning with the second, these axial riblets form wrinkles, which donot extend to the summit of the whorls but are decidedly obliquelyprotractively slanting on the posterior half of the whorl, and thenbend at an equal angle, retractively, toward the suture, that is, form-ing an arrow-shaped angle, producing a cone-in-cone effect. Thespaces that separate these wrinkles are not quite so wide as the wrinkles.This sculpture disappears on the last whorl, where irregularly de-veloped and distributed nodules replace it. Suture well impressed onthe early whorls ; on the last whorl the summit is appressed and thesuture becomes less conspicuous. Periphery well-rounded. Base wellrounded, rather narrowly umbilicated, with a strong keel marking theouter edge of the umbilicus, which is decidedly pinched in at its innermargin. The outside of the umbilical keel is rendered notched by theirregularly developed incremental lines. The rest of the base ismarked by obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wall bears rathercoarse, closely spaced riblets. Aperture subcircular, oblique, de-cidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin,inner lip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 128016, comes from Mandeville,Manchester Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 12.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 17.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm.Tliis species appears to range through southwestern ManchesterParish and southeastern St. Elizabeth Parish.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 101PTYCHOCOCHLIS MAGNA (Chitty)Plate 15, Figures 30-321857. Cyclotus corrugatior magna Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150.1912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians knobbei Kobei.t, Martini-ChemnitzConchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 944, pi. 141, figs. 13-14.Shell rather large, helicoid, pale brown with a rosy flush ; interiorof the aperture pale brown. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are decidedly in-flated, strongly rounded; the first is marked by slender, hairlike,slightly retractively curved axial riblets. From there on oblique, re-tractively slanting ridges make their appearance. These ridges extendfrom near the summit to about the middle of the whorl; they thensuddenly change to a decidedly oblique protracted slant, thus produc-ing a series of more or less regular cone-in-cone shaped areas. On thelast whorl this sculpture is replaced by rather irregular wrinkling onits first half, while the last half lacks nodulations. Suture stronglyimpressed except on the last whorl, which is appressed to the precedingturn. Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, witha strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The base, aswell as the last part of the upper surface, shows weak spiral threads.The umbilical wall is marked by rather coarse riblets and incrementallines. Aperture circular, angulated at the posterior angle; outer lipthin, the iimer lip thicker. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535971, is one of three in ourcollection labeled "Jamaica," without specific locality. It has 5 whorlsand measures: Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 23.9 mm.; lesserdiameter, 18.4 mm.P. magna is easily distinguished from the other members of thegenus by its extremely elevated outline.PTYCHOCOCHLIS MONTEGOENSIS, new speciesPlate 15, Figures 33-35Shell moderately large, depressed-helicoid, chestnut-brown. Earlywhorls with a rosy flush. The nucleus consists of a little more than asingle whorl, which is well rounded and smooth. The postnuclearwhorls are inflated, well rounded ; the first half of the first postnuclearwhorl is marked by slender, slightly retractively curved axial riblets
;
the second half shows the beginning of decidedly protractively curvedwrinkles, which do not quite extend to the summit, and which are aboutas wide as the spaces that separate them. On the penultimate whorlthese wrinkles take a retractive slant on the posterior portion of thewhorl, then bend strongly into a protractive position, thus formingarrow-points that give to the sculpture of this whorl a cone-in-cone
102 BTJLLETiEN 181, inSTITEiD STATES NlAmoaSTAIL MUStEUMshaped effect. On the last whorl the sculpture becomes irregular andon the last half of the last turn quite obsolete. Suture strongly im-pressed on the early turns ; on the last whorl the summit of the turn isappressed to the preceding turn and the suture is less conspicuous.Periphery strongly rounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated,with a strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. This keelis strongly inpinched on the umbilical margin and less so on the basalmargin. It is rendered rough by the incremental lines. The base doesnot have pronounced tubercles but merely here and there an indicationthereof. The umbilical wall is marked with moderately strong ribletsand incremental lines. Aperture circular, the posterior angle pro-tracted into an angulation ; outer lip of the peristome thin, the innerslightly thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535972, was collected by Henderson at Mon-tego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.7 whorls and measures
:
Height, 15.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.2 mm.The species seems to be confined to the region about Montego Bay,where it appears to be rather abundant.PTYCHOCOCHLIS VENDREYSI, new speciesPlate 15, Figtjbes 36-38Shell rather large, dark chestnut-brown, with a little paler zoneat the suture and a rosy tinge on the early whorls. The interior of theshell is bright chestnut-brown with a reddish tinge, the edge of theperistome being a little paler. The nucleus consists of a little morethan a single turn, which is well rounded and smooth. The post-nuclear whorls are inflated and well rounded; the first turn is markedby slender, retractively curved axial riblets; the next, in addition tothe axial riblets, which become almost lamellose on the succeedingturns, is marked by decidedly protractively curved, low, weakly devel-oped ridges which are separated by equally inconspicuous impressions.On the remaining turns this sculpture becomes obsolete and the surfaceis merely rendered slightly rough by a few pits and weak nodules.The last portion of the upper surface of the last whorl bears indica-tions of poorly developed spiral threads. Suture of the early whorlswell impressed; the last whorl has the summit appressed and thesuture thereof not so strongly emphasized. Periphery well rounded.Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keel at the outeredge of the umbilicus, which is strongly inpinched on its mnbilicalmargin and feebly impressed on the outer edge. The base, in addi-tion to incremental lines, has some indications of spiral threads andan occasional little nodule. The umbilical wall is marked with axialriblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique,
THE CYCLOPHORID LAiND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 103
with the posterior angle produced into a decided angulation. Outerlip of the peristome thin, the inner lip somewhat thickened. Oper-culum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No 535973, is one collected by Orcutt at WorthyPark, 1 mile from Luidas Vale, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 18.9 mm.; greater diameter, 25.7mm.; lesser diameter, 19.1 mm.The species appears to be confined to St. Catherine Parish, whereit is rather widely distributed.PTYCHOCOCHLIS SUBGLOBOSA, new speciesPlate 15, Fiq-oees 1&-18Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a dark chestnut-brownperiostracum. There is an indication of a lighter zone at the appressedsummit of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 1.2 well-rounded,smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and stronglyrounded; the first is marked with fine, retractively slanting, closelyspaced, hairlike riblets, which become somewhat strengthened on thesucceeding turns and appear as low lamellae on the last whorl. Begin-ning with the second postnuclear whorl, the upper side of the turns ismarked with irregularly developed and disposed weak low nodulations,which lend to the surface a somewhat rough and malleated aspect.Suture strongly impressed except on the last whorl, the summit ofwhich is appressed to the preceding turn, which causes the suture to beless pronounced. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, wellrounded, openly umbilicated with a strong broad rounded keel at theouter edge of the umbilicus. This keel is decidedly notched and has anumber of not very deep, somewhat protractively, obliquely directedindentations outside of it. The rest of the base is slightly malleatedand shows low obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wall is markedby strong lines of growth. Aperture circular, protracted at the pos-terior angle into an angulation. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 398910, is one of a series of specimens col-lected by Orcutt on the east side of Ferry River above Kingston on theSpanish Town road, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorlsand measures: Height, 15.7 mm.; greater diameter, 19.8 mm.; lesserdiameter, 14.3 mm.The species ranges through St. Catherine and St. Ann Parishes.PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI (H. B. Baker)Shell small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum
;
interior of the aperture pale brown. The nucleus consists of about 1.2well-rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and
104 BULLOETEN 181, tTNITED STATE? NlATTO!NlAiL MUSEUM
strongly rounded. In one of the subspecies, P. c. fetricola^ the firstnuclear whorl is marked by very coarse, distantly spaced axial ribs.In the typical race the axial riblets are fine and less strongly developed.The succeeding whorls are slightly malleated, almost smooth, andmarked with lines of growth. Suture strongly impressed except onthe last turn, which is appressed to the summit. Periphery wellrounded. Base narrowly umbilicated with a limiting keel at the outeredge of the umbilicus. The rest of the base is marked like the uppersurface of the last whorl, that is, it shows the lines of growth andobsolete malleations and indications of spiral threads. The umbilicalwall is marked by incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, decidedlyoblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle;outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Oper-culum typically ptychocochlid.I am recognizing two subspecies
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYIEarly postnuclear whorls strongly axially ribbed petricolaEarly postnuclear whorls feebly axially ribbed campeachyiPTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI PETRICOLA. new subspeciesPlate 15, Figures 22-24This subspecies appears confined to the southern part of St. AndrewParish, Jamaica. It is differentiated from P. c. campeachyi (H. B.Baker) by having the first postnuclear whorl provided with strongaxial ribs. It is also larger than that subspecies.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535947, comes from Stony Hill, St. AndrewParish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 12.8 mm.
;
gi-eater diameter, 16.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm.PTYCHOCOCffLIS CAMPEACHYI CAMPEACHYI (H. B. Baker)Plate 15, Figtjbes 19-211934. Poteria varians campeacliy,i H. B. Baker, Nautilus, vol. 48, pp. 61-62,figs. 5, 19, 22.This is the smaller of the two subspecies, which ranges through thecentral portion of St. Catherine Parish. It is distinguished from P. c.petricola by its smaller size and weak axial ribs on the first postnuclearturn.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 139611, was collected byDr. H. B. Baker near Campeachy Gully Marsh on the northwest sideof Port Henderson Hill, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.8whorls and measures : Height, 12.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.lesser diameter, 11.3 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 105PTYCHOCOCHLIS SUBRUGOSA (Sowcrby)Plate 15, Figures 25, 261850. Cyclostoma suhmgosum Sowerby, Thes. conchyliorum, vol. 1, Supplement.p. 161*, pi. 31B, figs. 308-309.1852. Cyclotus suhrugosus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium.vol. 1, p. 28.1898. Neocyclotics (Plectocijclotus) subrugosus Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutsehen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.Since I have not seen this species, I quote Sowerby's description andreproduce his figures
:
"Shell suborbicular, depressed, slightly corrugated, white; spiredepressed, obtuse, slightly prominent at the apex; volutions four,rounded, slightly depressed posteriorly ; suture distinct, marked witha nearly obsolete line in front; aperture nearly circular; peritremeslightly thickened posteriorly, thin on the side of the umbilicus, sepa-rated from the last volution ; umbilicus large, anteriorly keeled.
"This species is related to C. corrugatum.
"Jamaica." Genus POTERIA GrayIn 1850 Gray, in his "Nomenclature of Molluscus Animals and Shellsin the Collection of the British Museum," part 1, Cyclophoridae, page11, defines the name Poteria, which he had used in his "Synopsis of theContents of the British Museum," in 1840 and 1842, as a nude name, bystating, "whorls in front of the axis keeled. Peristome straight."Here he cites two species without designating a type
:
27. Cyclotus uneatus [Gray].Cyclostoma jamaicense Soiv. Thes. Conch, i. 96. n. 15. t. 23. f. 12, 13., notGray.Aper. jamaicense Pfeiff. 1. c. 104. n. 3.
* * * * * * *28. Cycloti^s jamaicensis [Gray].Cyclost. corrugatum Menke, Cat. Malak. 10. ; Soio. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, 30.,Thes. Conch. 1. 95. t. 23, f. 10, 11. ; Pfeiffer, Kuster, Chemn. Conch. Cah.17. n. 8 i. 19. t. 2, f. 13, 14.Turbo jamaicensis Chemn. Concli. xi. t. 209. f. 2057, 2058.T. (Cyclostoma) jamaicensis Gray in Wood's cat. Supp. t. 6. f. 3.; Lister,Conch, t. 55. f. 51. ; Sloane, Jamaica, ii. t. 240. f. 84.Aper. corrugatum Pfeiff. 1. c. 104. n. 4.In other words, he lumps here about everything known from Jamaicaat that time except what had been segregated to form his CyclotusUneatus.Baker, in 1922, Nautilus, vol. 35, pages 14, 15, resurrected the forgot-ten name Poteria and designated Turbo jamaicensis (Chemnitz) Wood,1828, as type. This, unfortunately, still leaves some doubt about the
106 BULLETIN 181, UNlTEiD StTATElS NArTTONlAiL MUSEUM
actual type restriction for the genus, since Turho jamaicensis Chemnitz(nonbinominal), rechristened orthodoxly Cyclostoma corrugatum in1830 by Menke, is quite distinct from Turbo {Cyclostoma) jamaicensisGray.Therefore, I now further restrict the type designation by selectingTurbo jamaicensis Gray {in Wood, Index testaceologicus, Suppl., p.18, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1^'2%= Cyclostoma jamaicense, ibid., p. 36, same plateand figure) as type. The synonymy is as follows
:
1850. Poteria Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shells in the col-lection of the British Museum, pt. 1, Cyclophoridae, p. 11. (Type: Cyclostomajamaicensc Gray, in Wood.)1898. Plectocyclotus Kobeh^t and Moixendorff, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges..vol. 28, p. 139 (reprint; not in original). Type by subsequent designation(Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 533) : Cyclostoma jamaicenseSoweThY=Poteria (Poteria) lineata (Gray).The group is characterized by the possession of a rather heavymedium-sized shell, which has an umbilical bounding keel that variesin different species from very strong to obsolete. The shell may bestrongly malleated or less so, or malleations may be absent. The oper-culum bears a strongly elevated spiral lamella, which is almost at rightangles to the chondroid basal plate, and curves outward. The genusis confined to Jamaica.I am recognizing two subgenera, which the following key will helpto differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF POTERIASpace between the opercular lamella with retractively curved raisedthreads PoteriaSpace between the opercular lamella without retractively curvedraised threads CyclobakeriaSubgenus Poteria GrayFor synonymy see above.Poterias in which the broad spaces separating the turns of the la-mella are reenforced with retractively curved raised threads.Type: Turbo {Cyclostoma) jamaicensis Gray= Poteria {Poteria)jamaicensis (Gray).The radula of Poteria {Poteria) lineata (Gray) has the followingformula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw lacks distinct median projections.The verge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles.It is swollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a veryshort simple appendage.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAJSTD MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 107KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS POTERIAUpper surface of last whorl corrugated.Shell helicoid.Penultimate whorl with wrinkles.Wrinkles and pits coarse burringtoniWrinkles and pits not coarse imitatorPenultimate whorl with axial riblets only lineataShell depressed-helicoid.Umbilical keel strong corrugatissimaUmbilical keel obsolete pallescensUpper surface of last whorl not corrugated.Axial riblets almost lamellar jamaicensisAxial riblets not almost lamellar.Whorls flattened near summit planaWhorls not flattened near summit crassaThis key does not include Chitty's Gyclotus nodosus^ notafus, andinutilU^ specimens of which I have not seen. I have copied Chitty'sdescriptions and offer suggestions as to their relationship undereach of these species.POTERIA (POTERIA) BURRINGTONI, new speciesPlate 16, Figxjbes 31-33Shell rather large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios-tracum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 inflated, well-rounded, smoothturns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded;the first is marked by rather strong axial riblets, which are not quiteso wide as the spaces that separate them. On the succeeding turnsthese axial riblets become somewhat weakened, irregular in strengthand disposition. In comparison they are here narrower and moreelevated. Beginning with the third whorl, strong axial wrinklesmake their appearance. They are at first rather irregular, but onthe first half of the last whorl they assume a decidedly obliquelyslanting retractive form. These wrinkles render the upper surfacedecidedly rough. Suture well impressed, except that of the last turn,where the summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding turn.Periphery well rounded and marked by the continuation of theoblique wrinkles described for the spire. These wrinkles also extendover the low rounded base to the umbilical keel. They become weak-ened toward the aperture. Base openly umbilicated, with a roundedkeel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The umbilical wallbears rather strong axial ribs, which are crossed by incremental lines.These ribs look as if they might be the continuation of the obliquewrinkles. Aperture subcircular, oblique, decidedly protracted intoan angle at the posterior angle ; peristome somewhat sinuous ; that ofthe outer lip thin, while that of the inner lip is somewhat thickened.Operculum typically poterid.
108 BULLETES" 181, UNITE? STATES NIATT0!N1AIL MUSDETJMThe type of this species, the only specimen known, was collected byDr. H. B. Baker at Somerset, Manchester Parish, Jamaica, and bearsthe Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences catalog number 174145.It has 5.2 whorls and measures : Height, 17.8 mm. ; greater diameter,27.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 20.0 mm.This is by far the most roughly corrugated species of the JamaicanPoterias, having the largest and most distantly spaced wrinkles of all.POTERIA (POTERIA) IMITATOR, new speciesPlate 16, Figubes 10-12Shell of medium size, unicolor or more frequently banded with abroad zone of dark chestnut brown above and below the periphery,the posterior half, the band at the periphery, and the base beingbrownish yellow. The nucleus consists of a single whorl, which isvery small, almost flattened, and moderately well rounded. The firstpostnuclear turn is marked by fine, decidedly retractively curved axialriblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them.These riblets on the next turn become much increased in size. Theyare low, well rounded, and almost as wide as the spaces that separatethem. On the succeeding turn the axial riblets are lost sight of bytheir conspicuous wrinkling and pitting. The wrinkles here branchand anastomose and form an irregular network of meshes enclosingwell-impressed pits, which may be circular or elongate. The summitof the turns is decidely nodulose on the last whorl. On the early post-nuclear whorls the suture is well impressed. Periphery well roundedand marked by the pitting described for the spire. Base well rounded,broadly openly umbilicated with a decidedly elevated, almost lamellarkeel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel is renderedrough by the incremental lines. The anterior third of the base betweenthe periphery and the umbilical keel, that is the portion usuallycovered by a brown band, is smooth ; the rest of the base is wrinkledlike the spire, but here the wrinkles are finer and the pits enclosedbetween them a little deeper. The umbilical wall bears regular axialriblets and fine lines of growth. Aperture subcircular, somewhatoblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle andthickened at the umbilical keel; the outer lip of the peristome isthin, and the inner somewhat thickened. The operculum is typicallypoterid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535975, was collected by C. R. Orcutt atBogue Hill, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4,8 whorls andmeasures: Height, 16.9 mm.; greater diameter, 23.6 mm.; lesserdiameter, 17.8 mm.This species occupies the northern part of St. Elizabeth Parishand the adjacent areas of Manchester Parish.
THE CYCLOPHORTD LAJSTD MOLLUSKS OF AME.RTCA 109At first glance one might consider this to be Aperostoma {Gycla-damsia) seminudum (C. B. Adams), as far as the general shape andcolor scheme are concerned, but it can at once be distinguished byits poterid operculum.POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA (Gray)Shell varying from helicoid to decidedly elevated helicoid in out-line, unicolor or banded ; periostracum ranging from brownish buffto chestnut colored. The nucleus consists of 1.5 decidedly elevated,mflated, strongly rounded, smooth whorls. The first 2 postnuclearwhorls are marked by slender, very regular, retractively curved axialriblets ; beyond this the axial riblets become less regular and on thelast whorl are mere elevated incremental lines. On the last whorlwrinkles make their appearance on the upper surface; they are ofirregular size and irregularly disposed. Here, too, spiral threadsare present. The suture of the early whorls is well impressed; onthe last two the summit of the whorls is appressed to the precedingturn, and the suture becomes less conspicuous. Periphery wellrounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keelmarking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base, also, is marked byirregular wrinkles, but here they assume a more spiral arrangement.The deepest pits are next to the umbilical keel. The umbilical wallis marked by low rounded axial ribs, which, as well as their inter-spaces, are crossed by incremental lines. Aperture subcircular,oblique, decidedly protracted into an angulation at the posteriorangle; the outer lip of the peristome is thin, the inner, thickened,particularly so at the umbilical keel. Operculum typically poterid.I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following key anddescriptions will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATAHeight more than 20 mm lineataHeight less than 17 mm cycloataPOTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA LINEATA (Gray)Plate 16, FioxmEs 34-36 ; Plate 42, Figures 14, 151843. Cyclostoma jamaicense Sowekby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 96,No. 15, pi. 23, fig. 12 (not Cyclostoma jamaicense Gray, 1828).1850. Cyclotus (Poteria) Imeatus Gray, Nomenclature of the molluscous animalsand shells in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, Cyclophoridae,p. 11.This subspecies appears to be the most abundant race in Jamaica.It is rather widely distributed. We have specimens from Westmore-land, St. James, St. Elizabeth, Manchester, St. Ann, and Clarendon428349?42 8
110 BULLETTDST 181, IINITE? STATEIS NlAiTTO!NlAlL MUSEtlMParishes. Its larger size and more elevated form will readily dis-tinguish it from its more western relative.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 375939, was collected by Orcuttat Carisbrook, St. Elizabeth Parish. It has 5.5 whorls and measures:Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 26.6 mm.; lesser diameter,20.3 mm. POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA CYCLOATA (Chitty)Plate 16, Figures 7-91857. Cyclotns cycloatus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) cycloatus Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.This subspecies appears to be confined to the southwestern partof Westmoreland Parish. It is distinguished from the typical P.(P.) I. lineata (Gray) in being smaller and less elevated, with aweaker umbilical keel, and in having the last whorl usually not sostrongly appressed to the preceding turn.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356017, is one of a large seriescollected by Henderson at Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Parish,Jamaica. It has 5.2 whorls and measures : Height, 16.0 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 23.1 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm.POTERIA (POTERIA) CORRUGATISSIMA (Chitty)Plate 16, Figubes 37-391857. Cyclotus corrugatissimus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) corrugatissimus Kobelt and Mollendokff,Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell large, very depressed-helicoid, covered by a chestnut-brownperiostracum. The nucleus consists of a little more than one moder-ately rounded smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded, slightly flattened toward the summit. The first 2.5 aremarked by strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which are sep-arated by spaces about 1.5 times as wide as the riblets. Beyond thiswrinkles make their appearance. These consist of two series : Strongwrinkles, which extend from the summit toward the periphery, beingstrongest at the summit and fading ventrally, having a protractiveslant; these are crossed by even more oblique, less strong wrinkles,which are decidedly retractively slanting, the combination forming apeculiar pattern. Suture strongly impressed on the early whorls,less conspicuous on the last, where the summit of the whorl is stronglyappressed to the preceding turn. Periphery marked by the combina-tion of the sculpture described for the spire. Base moderatelyrounded, very widely openly umbilicated, with a strong keel marking
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 111the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel on the first half of the lastwhorl consists of oblique, protractive strong short ridges, which onthe last half disappear and give place to rough corrugations. Border-ing the basal keel, on the outside, is a series of deep pits. The restof the base is marked by more or less continuous wrinkles, which havea slightly oblique trend, being almost spiral in disposition. The um-bilical wall is covered by strong axial ribs and fine incremental lines.Aperture subcircular, decidedly oblique, with a conspicuous pro-tracted angle at the posterior angle ; outer lip of the peristome thin,the inner thickened, particularly so at the basal keel. Operculumtypically poterid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 397856, was collected by Orcutt5 miles from Black River on the road to Newmarket, St. ElizabethParish, Jamaica. It has 5.25 whorls and measures : Height, 16.6 mm.
;
greater diameter, 26 mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.4 mm.The species appears to be restricted to southwestern St. ElizabethParish, although we have it also from one station in WestmorelandParish, just across the border. In shape and in the sculpture ofthe upper surface P. (P.) cornigatissima resembles most nearlyP. (P.) pdlescens (C. B. Adams), from which it can readily be dis-tinguished by its much stronger basal keel and much stronger basalsculpture. POTERIA (POTERIA) PALLESCENS (C. B. Adams)Plate 16, Fiqubes 28-301851. Cyclostoma pallescens C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol.5, p. 59.1852. Cuclotus pallescens Pfeiffeb, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 27.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) pallescens Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb.deutschen Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell large, decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorboid, cov-ered with a dark chestnut-brown periostracum. The nucleus consistsof about 1.5 moderately elevated, well-rounded, smooth turns. Thefirst postnuclear whorl is marked by weak, rather elevated axial rib-lets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Onthe succeeding turn these axial riblets become less regular, and wrin-kles make their appearance on the upper surface. On the first partof the last turn these wrinkles have both a decidedly obliqueprotractive and retractive arrangement. On the last half of thelast whorl they are more inclined toward a protractive arrange-ment. These wrinkles do not quite extend to the summit of the whorlsbut begin at the anterior termination of the anterior fourth betweenthe summit and suture, the summit being marked by rough lines ofgrowth only. Suture strongly impressed, even on the last whorl.
112 BULLETIN 181, LTNTTE? SITATEiS NAT10!N)A;L MUSEUMPeriphery well rounded. Base very broadly openly umbilicated, witha very weak cord marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The sculp-ture of the base between the periphery and this cord consists ofobsolete wrinkles, which tend toward spiral disposition. The um-bilical area is marked by coarse ribs and fine incremental lines. Aper-ture subcircular, somewhat effused at the junction of the outer andbasal lip, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outerlip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically poterid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356125, was received from C. B.Adams, bearing the label "Jamaica" without definite locality. Ithas 4.9 whorls and measures : Height, 16.7 m.. ; greater diameter, 27.2mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.8 mm.The species seems to be confined to northeastern St. Elizabeth Par-ish, Jamaica. In general shape it recalls P. {P.) corrugatissima(Chitty), but the coarseness of the wrinkles on the upper surface andtheir arrangement in a protractive and retractive series will at oncedistinguish it. It can also be differentiated from corrugatissima bythe absence of the strong umbilical keel and in having the basal sculp-ture also much less strongly developed.POTERIA (POTERIA) JAMAICENSIS (Gray)Plate 1G, Figxires 4-61828. Cyclostoma jamaicense Grat, in Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl.,p. 36, pi. 6, fig. 3 (not Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, 1795, nonbinominal ; orCyclostoma jamaicense Sowerby, 1843).1857. Cyclotus novussaltus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 154.Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with an elevated brownishperiostracum, which is rendered spotted by wearing of the axial riblets.The nucleus consists of a little more than a single well-rounded, mod-erately elevated turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by a strongretractively curved axial riblets, which assume the strength of low,appressed, retractively slanting lamellae on the last turn. Suture wellimpressed on all but the last whorl, which is appressed to the preced-ing turn. Periphery well rounded, crossed by the axial ribs. Basesomewhat inflated, well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a weakbroad cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base is marked bythe continuation of the axial sculpture. The umbilical wall is markedby rather strong, distantly spaced axial ribs and fine incremental lines.Aperture circular, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle; peri-stome thin all around. Operculum typically poterid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356077, is one of three receivedfrom C. B. Adams. It has 5.2 whorls and measures: Height, 17.0mm.; greater diameter, 24.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.0 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORTD LAJsD MOLLUSOKS OF AMERTOA 113The species appears confined to the southern coast of St. ElizabethParish, Jamaica. It is readily distinguished from the other non-corrugated Poterias by its strong lamellalike axial sculpture.POTERIA (POTERIA) PLANA, new speciesPlate 16, Figubes 25-27Shell small, helicoid, covered with a pale-brown periotracum. Thenucleus consists of a single, moderately elevated, well-rounded, smoothturn. The succeeding turns are marked by slender, retractively curvedaxial riblets, which are inclined to waviness on the last turn, where in-dications of spiral threads are present. The postnuclear whorls areflattened on the posterior fourth, anterior to the summit. Suturestrongly impressed, a little less so on the last whorl. Periphery wellrounded and marked by the continuation of the axial sculpture. Basewell rounded, openly umbilicated, with an obsolete cord at the periph-ery. The base is marked by a continuation of the axial riblets andindications of obselete spiral threads. The umbilical wall bearsslender riblets. Aperture circular, oblique; peristome thin. Oper-culum typically poterid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535976, was collected by Henderson atMontpelier, St. James Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and meas-ures : Height, 12.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 19.2 mm. ; lesser diameter,14.0 mm.The species appears to be rather widely distributed. The specimensbefore me come from Westmoreland, Hanover, St. James, St. Eliza-beth, and Trelawny Parishes. It resembles most nearly P. (P.) crassa(C. B. Adams), from which the flattening at the summit will readilydistinguish it. POTERIA (POTERIA) CRASSA (C. B. Adams)Plate 16, Figures 16-181851. Cyclostoma crassum C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol.5, p. 59.1852. Cyclotus crassus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 29.1855. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) crassus H. and A. Adams, The genera of recentMollusca, vol. 2, p. 275.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) crassus Kobelt and Mollbndorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell helicoid, small, brownish horn colored. The nucleus con-sists of a single well-rounded, rather elevated, smooth turn. Thepostnuclear whorls are marked by rather strong, retractively curvedaxial riblets, which are almost as wide as the spaces that separatethem. These riblets become less strong and less regular on the
114 BULLETIN 181, UTS^TEO STATES NATIOiNlAL IMUSIEXJMlast turn. Suture well impressed on all the whorls except the lastpart of the last whorl, which is appressed at the summit. Pe-riphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly umbilicated,with an obsolete cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus, markedby the weak continuation of the axial riblets, which also extend overthe umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, decidedly protracted atthe posterior angle into an angle; outer lip of the peristome thin,the inner lip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically poterid.We have figured Adams' type, which is in the collection at Am-herst College. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 14.0 mm.;greater diameter, 19.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 14.9 mm., and is said tocome from the interior of Manchester Parish, Jamaica.The specimen resembles P. (P.) plana but is easily distinguishedfrom that by the absence of flattening at the summit.POTERIA (POTERIA) NODOSA (Chitty)1857. Cyclotus nodosus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 157.1898. Neocyclotus {Plectocyclotus) nodosus Kobext and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.I have not seen specimens referable to this species, so quoteChitty's description. He says that it came from Maroon Town, St.James Parish, Jamaica.
"/^orm, more depressed-conic. Colour, white, with light brownepidermis, brown at lip and on operculum. Sculpture, lines ofgrowth, remarkably knotted corrugation on last whorl, pitted deepabout umbilical keel, and coarse lines of growth within. Spire,depressed with rather straight outlines. Whorls, 5%, well rounded,with deep suture. Aperture, rather oblique to the left below. Peri-treme, slightly sinuate above. Umhilicus, wide, greatest breadth 0.3[7.5 mm.], funnel-shaped. Umhilical heel, not wide, but well pro-duced. Operculwn, small, strong, sharp-edged lamina of 5 or 6wide-apart whorls, rising almost equally from the flat plane, endof last thickened. Height 0.6 [15 mm.], greatest breadth 0.85 [21.25mm.], least breadth 0.67 [16.75 mm.]."This appears nearest to P. (P.) corrugatissima (Chitty), whichoccupies a range much to the south.POTERIA (POTERIA) NOTATA (Chitty)1857. Cyclotus notatus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) notatus Kobelt and Mollendobtf, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.I have not seen specimens referable to this species, so quote Chitty'sdescription. He says it came from Trelawny, Jamaica.
'?^Sculpture, fine and almost smooth, with a slight corrugation onthe upper part of latter half of the last whorl, which is devoid of
THE CYCOLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSJK9 OF AMERICA 115depression in its upper part. Umbilicus, greatest breadth 0.17 [4.25mm.], least breadth 0.16 [4.0 nmi.]. Umbilical keel, almost obsolete.Operculum, character of G. corrugatus, more concave than preceding
;
spiral lamina, about 8 whorls, upper margin scarcely reflected.Height 0.58 [14.5 mm.], greatest breadth 0.64 [16.0 mm.], least breadth0.56 [14.0 mm.]."This may be a small subglobular race of P. lineata (Gray),occupying a range to the northeast of the typical form.POTERIA (PGTERIA) INUTILIS (Chitty)1857. Cyclotus inutilis Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) inutilis Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.As I have not seen specimens referable to this species, I quoteChitty's description
:
"/^orm, much depressed-conic. Colour, light brown; apex red-brown. Sculpture, fine lines of growth on the 3i/4 whorls, thence(for its size) roughly corrugated, except the last quarter of lastwhorl, where, above, lines of growth are strong, with slight pitting;lines of growth fine within the umbilicus. Spire, much depressed,with convex outlines. Whorls, 4, well rounded, with very deepsuture. Aperture, oblique from left to right below, dilated aboveand much expanded to the right, horizontally elliptical, 0.22 [5.5mm.], 0.2 [5.0 mm.] vertically. Peritreme, rather sinuate above,and detached from the penult whorl. Umhilicus, open and large,greatest breadth 0.14 [3.5 mm.]. Umbilical keel, well defined insideumbilicus. Operculuin, of G . Jwmaicensis type, concave exteriorly,with lamella of 5 whorls, like G. crassus. Height 0.31 [7.75 mm.],greatest breadth 0.46 [11.5 mm.], least breadth 0.35 [8.75 mm.]"This species seems to be allied to P. lineata, but because of itsminute size it cannot be that species unless it should prove to be adwarf of that form. Cyclobakeria, new subgenusPoterias in which the spaces separating the turns of the lamella arenot reenforced by raised threads.Type: Gyclotus novae-spei Chitty=/*o^eWa (Cyclobakeria) novae-spei (Chitty).The distribution of this subgenus is peculiar, being confined to thetwo ends of the Island of Jamaica. Slight differences in the oper-culum of the species from the two regions may indicate that furtherdivision of this subgenus may be necessary. I am leaving the deter-mination of this to the anatomists who may study the group.
116 BULLETIN 181, tWITEiD StTATElS Nu^TlOlNiAlL MUSEUMThe radula of Potena (Cyclohdkeria) nana has the following for-mula: 3:3:3:3, and the jaw lacks distinct median projections. Theverge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles. It isswollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a very sh^rtsimple terminal appendage.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOBAKERIAZigzag sculpture absent tryonianaZigzag sculpture present.Zigzag sculpture on last whorl feeble.Zigzag sculpture on base pronounced novaespeiZigzag sculpture on base not pronounced welchiZigzag sculpture on last whorl not feeble.Basal keel strong.Last part of base outside of keel with protractivelycurved cords.Shell large, greater diameter more than 25 mm magisterShell smaller, greater diameter less than 18 mm nanaLast part of base outside of keel without protractivelycurved cords dentistigmataBasal keel feeble.Lamella of operculum very broad, almost touching suc-ceeding whorl chittyiLamella of operculum not very broad, not touching suc-ceeding whorl.Whorls slightly concave below summit notatiorWhorls not slightly concave below summit.Spire helicoid yallahsensisSpire depressed-helicoid balnearisPGTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) TRYONIANA (Pilsbry and Brown)Plate 16, Figubes 22-241910. Aperostoma (Ptychocochlls) tryoniamim Pilsbry and Beown, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, pp. 534-535.Shell small, helicoid, covered with a golden-brown periostracum.The nucleus consists of a little more than 1.5 well-rounded, smoothturns. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, retractivelycurved, well-raised, rather distantly spaced axial riblets. On thelast turn these riblets become less regular in size and spacing.Suture strongly constricted in all the whorls. Periphery wellrounded, base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openly umbili-cated, with a mere suggestion of a limiting keel at the outer edge ofthe umbilicus. The base and the umbilical wall are marked by thecontinuation of the axial riblets. Aperture circular, decidedlyoblique, very slightly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome thinall around. Operculum typically cyclobakerid.
THE CYOLOPHORTD LAJSTD MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 117The unique type, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, No. 101141, iswithout specific locality, bearing merely the label "Jamaica." It has4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 9.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0mm.; lesser diameter, 10.9 mm.This species is easily separated from all the other Cyclobakerias asit has none of the zigzag sculpture characterizing the group.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) NOVAESPEI (Chitty)Plate 16, Figubes 13-151857. Cyclotus novae-spei Chittt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148.1898. Neocyclofiis (Plectocijclotus) novae-spei Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered by a chestnut-brown perio-stracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn.The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded; the first 2postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, hairlike, slightly retrac-tively curved axial riblets. After this the axial riblets become lessregular and wavy, owing to the additional sculpture. Beginningwith the third postnuclear whorl irregular wrinkles make theirappearance. These are most strongly emphasized near the sutureand weakened toward the middle of the turn. There are also indica-tions of spiral threads and pits. The suture on all but the last whorlis strongly impressed; on the last it is rendered less conspicuous bythe fact that the summit of this whorl creeps up materially on thepreceding turn, to which it is appressed. Periphery well rounded.Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly, moderately broadly umbili-cated with a very strong lamellar keel at the outer limit of the um-bilicus. The space immediately below this keel, within the umbilicus,is strongly excavated, while on the outside there is a strong impres-sion. Tlie base itself is marked by low zigzag wrinkles, which arestrongest near the umbilical keel and fade toward the periphery. Atthe umbilical keel the spaces between these ridges are deeply im-pressed pits. The umbilical wall is marked by obsolete riblets andnumerous hairlike incremental lines. Aperture circular, protractedinto an angle at the posterior angle; the outer lip of the peris-tome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typicallycyclobakerid.The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, No. 174154, isone of three collected by H. B. Baker at Negril Hills, southwest ofRetreat, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 16.2 mm.; greater diameter, 22.1 mm.; lesserdiameter, 16.3 mm.The species is confined to the southwestern coastal region ofWestmoreland Parish.
118 BULLETIN 181, UNTTEID STATES NtATTOOSRAL MUSEHCIMPOTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI, new speciesShell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brownperiostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smoothturn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, rather closelyapproximated, slightly retractively slanting, hairlike riblets, whichbecome decidedly irregular on the last whorl. Beginning with thethird whorl rough wrinkles make their appearance on the uppersurface of the whorls. These are strongest near the summit and extendprotractively slanting toward the periphery, which they do not quitereach. The spaces separating these ridges are almost as wide as theridges. Suture well impressed on all but the last turn. Here thesummit is appressed and renders the suture less conspicuous. Peri-phery well rounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, well-rounded, and provided with a strong keel at the outer edge of theumbilicus. On the umbilical side of this keel the shell is decidedlyexcavated. From the umbilical keel protractively curved ridgesradiate toward the periphery. These are very pronounced in thetypical race and feebly expressed in the subspecies P. (C.) welchitaylori. The posterior portion of the base is smooth, except for indi-cations of spiral lines. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, pro-tracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Operculum typicallycyclobakerid.I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following key anddescriptions will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHIPits outside of umbilical keel strong welchiPits outside of umbilical keel not strong tayloriPOTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI WELCHI, new subspeciesPlate 16, Figures 1-3The typical race was collected by Welch on Dolphin Mountain,Jamaica, at an altitude of 1,200-1,450 feet. This mountain is locatedin the central western portion of Westmoreland Parish.This subspecies differs from P. {C.) to. taylori in having the pitsoutside of the umbilical keel on the base very deep and the ridgesbordering these very pronounced. Both of these characters areabsent in taylori.The type, U.S.N.M. No, 535977, from Dolphin Mountain, Jamaica,has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 20.0 mm.; greater diameter,26.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.9 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA 119POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI TAYLORI, new subspeciesPlate 17, Figures 37-39This race was collected by C. B. Taylor and John B. Hendersonin the Great Valley, Hanover Parish, Jamaica. It is easily differenti-ated from P. (C.) w. welchi by having the upper surface of the lastwhorl obsoletely nodulose on its anterior half, and by having thepits posterior to the umbilical keel very poorly indicated, and theradiating ridges bordering the pits almost absent.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535978, comes from Great Valley, HanoverParish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures : Height, 16.0 mm.
;
greater diameter, 23.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.1 mm.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) MAGISTER, new namePlate 17, Figukes 40-421857. Cyclotus cornigatus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 146 (notCyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica moUuscorum, p. 39,1830).Shell very large, helicoid, wood brown, a little paler on the earlywhorls. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn.The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and markedby retractively curved axial riblets, which grow stronger as the shellincreases in size and less regular, owing to the nodulations. Begin-ning with the fourth whorl, oblique, protractively slanting axialcords make their appearance. These fade out toward the summitand assume a zigzag course anteriorly ; they become decidedly weakeron the last one-tenth of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed onall the whorls, except the last, which is decidedly appressed to thepreceding turn, thus weakening the suture. Periphery well rounded,crossed by the axial protractive cords. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, openly moderately broadly umblicated, with a strong keel a^the outer edge of the umbilicus. The keel is strongly inpinched onthe umbilical side and less so on the basal side. Kadiating from theumbilical keel a series of strong cords about as wide as the spaces thatseparate them extends over the anterior fourth of the base and fadesout toward its center. The posterior portion of the base shows thefeeble continuation of the zigzag cords of the spire. The umbilicalwall is marked by rough, closely spaced incremental threads. Aper-ture subcircular, protracted at the posterior angle into a decidedpoint; outer lip thin, the inlner thickened. Operculum typicallycyclobakerid.The type is one of six specimens in the Amherst College collection,labeled No. 7, collected by Chitty in Portland Parish, Jamaica. It
120 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD STATES N1ATT0!N1AL MUSEUMhas 5.1 whorls and measures : Height, 22.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 31.0mm. ; lesser diameter, 23.1 mm.The large size will readily distinguish this species from all theother known Cyclobakerias.POTERLA. (CYCLOBAKEKIA) NANA, new speciesPlate 16, Figures 19-21Shell quite small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown peri-ostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smoothturn. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, andmarked by slightly retractively slanting, closely spaced axial riblets,which at first are hairlike, and which on the last whorl become almostsublamellar. Beginning with the fourth whorl, protractive zigzagridges make their appearance, which fade out toward the summit.The last whorl is decidedly appressed, and the portion that extendsup on the preceding turn has a constriction bounding it which makesit appear cordlike. Suture strongly impressed, less so on the lastturn on account of the appressed summit. Periphery well roundedand marked by the continuation of the zigzag cords. Base inflated,strongly rounded, rather narrowly umbilicated, and marked by strongprotractive cords which are about as wide as the spaces that sepa-rate them and radiate from the umbilical keel toward the base. Theposterior portion of the base is marked by the feeble continuationof the sculpture of the upper portion of the whorl. It also showsindications of spiral threads. The umbilical wall is marked byfeeble riblets and numerous threadlike incremental lines. Aperturecircular, oblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posteriorangle ; peristome of the outer lip protracted, thin ; that of the innerlip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclobakerid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535979, is one of a series collected byOrcutt at Cousins Cove, Hanover Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorlsand measures: Height, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesserdiameter, 12.6 mm. The species appears to be restricted to the north-west coast of Hanover Parish.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) DENTISTIGMATA (Chitty)Plate 17, Figuees 34-36 ; Plate 42. Figures 1-31857. Cyclotus dentistigmatus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon, vol. 25, p. 154.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectoci/clotus) dentistigm dins, Kobelt and Mollendorff,Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brownperiostracum ; nuclear whorls scarlet red. The nucleus consists of 1.5inflated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are
THE CYCLOPHORI'D LAJnTD MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 121inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by rather coarse axial riblets.In addition to this, beginning with the second whorl, rugations maketheir appearance, which gradually increase in size. These ridges areless pronounced on the summit and grow stronger toward the periph-ery. They have a zigzag protractive slant. Suture well impressed, alittle less so on the last turn, which is appressed to the precedingwhorl. Periphery well rounded, marked by the feeble continuationof the axial sculpture. Base strongly inflated, strongly rounded,with a strong keel marking the outer edge of the moderately largeumbilicus. The inner edge of this keel is decidedly inpinched, whilethe outer is bounded by a series of deep pits which give the shellthe appearance of having been bitten by pointed teeth, hence thename. The spaces between these pits form cords which are poorlydeveloped, short, and protractively bent. These cords disappear onthe last portion of the last turn. The posterior portion of the baseis without nodules. The umbilical wall is marked by rather pro-nounced axial riblets. Aperture subcircular, decidedly oblique, pro-tracted into an angle at the posterior angle ; the outer lip of the peri-stome is thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typicallycyclobakerid.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 401305, is one of a very largeseries collected by C. R. Orcutt 21/2 miles east of Bath, St. ThomasParish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures : Height, 16.2 mm.
;
greater diameter, 25.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.9 mm.The species appears to extend over the entire southeastern portionof St. Thomas Parish.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) CHITTYI, new speciesPlate 17, Figubes 4r-6Shell small, helicoid, chestnut-brown; nuclear whorls paler. Thenucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The post-nuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by hair-like, retractively slanting axial riblets, which increase in strength asthe shell progresses in growth. Beginning with the third postnu-clear whorl feeble axial riblets make their appearance, which increasein strength up to the last two-tenths of the last whorl, when theyagain fade out. These axial cords are arranged in a more or lesszigzag pattern. Below the summit of the last turn, particularlytoward the aperture, there is a slightly concave area. The last partof the last turn is marked by slender spiral threads. Suture of allbut the last whorl strongly impressed; on this it is rendered lessconspicuous by the appressed summit of the last turn. Peripherywell rounded. Base strongly inflated, well rounded, rather narrowlyopenly umbilicated, with a feeble cord marking the outer edge of the
122 BULLOETIN 181, UNITE? STATES N1ATT0[N1AIL IMTJSETJM
umbilicus. The base is marked by obsolete nodulations and pittings.The umbilical wall is marked by numerous, irregular incrementallines. Aperture subcircular, protracted into an acute angle at theposterior angle; outer lip of peristome thin, the inner somewhatthickened. The operculum has the outer edge of the lamella decidedlyexpanded, approximating that of the succeeding turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 378167, is one of a large series of almostall dead shells, collected by Orcutt at the western end of the Essing-ton Bridge, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.6 whorls andmeasures : Height, 14.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 20.0 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 15.2 mm.Charles K. Orcutt also collected specimens near Yallahs Bay, St.Thomas Parish.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) NOTATIOR (Chitty)Plate 17, Figukes 13-151857. Cyclotns notafior Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148.1899. Neocj/clotus (Plectocyclotus) notatior Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136.Shell of medium size, rather elevated helicoid, wood brown. Thenucleus consists of a little more than a single low, rounded turn. Thepostnuclear whorls are decidedly inflated and marked by retractivelycurved, hairlike, closely spaced axial riblets, which become irregu-larly disposed on the nodulose whorls. Beginning with the fourthpostnuclear whorl, feeble nodulations make their appearance, whichincrease in size as the shell advances in growth. On the last whorlthey assume first a retractive slant on the posterior portion nearthe summit, then they make a sudden protractive bend, but owingto the irregular development of these cords they have a zigzag ap-pearance. These cords are not quite so wide as the spaces thatseparate them. On the last two-tenths of the last whorl they againfade out. Suture strongly impressed on all but the last whorl, whichis decidedly appressed to the preceding turn. There is an impressedarea below this appressed portion which renders that part of theshell slightly concave. Periphery well rounded and marked by thefeeble continuation of the axial sculpture. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, very narrowly umbilicated, and marked with a weak keelat the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base is marked by incre-mental lines and obsolete spiral striations. The umbilical wall bearsmany slender axial riblets. Aperture subcircular, decidedly obliqueand decidedly protracted at the posterior angle. Outer lip thin andsharp at the edge ; inner lip somewhat thicker. Operculum typicallycvclobakerid.
THE CYCrLOPHORI'D LAND MOLLUSIKS OF AMERICA 123The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535980, is one of the Adamscollection labeled ''jarruiicense Sowerby." It has 4.5 whorls andmeasures : Height, 15 mm. ; greater diameter, 20.8 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 16 mm.Chitty's notatior came from St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. Ourspecimen appears to agree with Chitty's diagnosis.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) YALLAHSENSIS, new speciesPlate 17, FiGtfBES 16-181857. Cyclotus notatior var. a Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148.Shell very small, elevated helicoid, wood brown, with the nucleuspale buff, the succeeding turn pale chestnut-brown and the restwood brown. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smoothturn ; the succeeding turns are marked by feeble, slightly retractivelycurved, closely spaced hairlines, those of the last whorl being a littlestronger. Beginning with the last whorl, feeble nodulose cords maketheir appearance. These cords are more or less protractively curvedbut irregularly developed so as to produce a zigzag effect. Suturewell impressed, except on the last whorl, which is appressed to thepreceding whorl. Periphery well rounded, marked by the feeblecontinuation of the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, narrowly umbilicated, with a weak cord marking the outeredge of the umbilicus. The base is marked by lines of growth anda few indications of spiral threads. The umbilical wall is markedby strong, closely spaced incremental lines. Aperture decidedlyoblique, protracted at the posterior angle to form an angle ; peristomerather thin. Operculum typically cyclobakerid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356093, comes from Yallahs River, St.Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures : Height,11.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. Dr.AVelch also collected a large series at White Horses, St. AndrewParish.This species can readily be distinguished from P. (C.) notatior(Chitty) by the absence of the depressed area below the summit.POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) BALNEARIS, new speciesPlate 17, Figuees 7-9Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered with a dark wood-brownperiostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smoothturn. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked byretractively curved hairlike axial riblets. The last whorl also hasfeeble zigzag axial riblets, which do not come quite to the summit.
124 BULLETIN 181, UlSnTEiD STATES NIATTONAL MUSOEUMSuture well impressed, less so on the last half of the last turn, whichis appressed to the summit. Periphery strongly rounded, marked bythe feeble continuation of the axial riblets. Base inflated, stronglyrounded, narrowly umbilicated with a weak cord marking the outeredge of the umbilicus. The base outside of the umbilicus shows afew weak pits outside of the basal cord and mere indications of obso-lete nodulations, which fade out toward the end of the last turn.The umbilical wall is marked by moderately strong incremental lines.Aperture circular, protracted into a slight angle at the posteriorangle; peristome somewhat thickened all around. Operculumtypically cyclobakerid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535981, was collected by Orcutt near Bath,St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has lost part of the early turns;the 3 remaining measure: Height, 12.4 mm.; gi-eater diameter, 16.6mm.; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm.The species seems to extend through the Morant Bay region, St.Thomas Parish. Genus APEROSTOMA Troschel1847. Aperostoma Troschel, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.1847. Aperostoma Pteiffeb, ilid., p. 47. (Type designation, Cyclostoma (Apero-stoma) Manchetianum Moricand.
)
1850. Aperostoma Pktit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 1, p. 38 (C. giganteum Sowerbydesignated as type).1852. Aperostoma Herrmannsen, Indicis generum malacozoornm primordia, vol.2, Suppl., p. 10 (C. mexicanum Menke designated as type).Troschel (loc. cit.) in 1847 divided the cyclostomids into eightgenera. On page 44 he created the genus Aperostoma and namedthree species under it, namely, Cydostonia ^volvulus Lamarck, C.mexicanum Menke, and C. hlanchetianum Moricand, without designat-ing a type. Pfeiffer, in the article following Troschel's, discussedhis own work on the group and commended Troschel's endeavors,which he accepted as sound, but he said that genus 4, Aperostomxi^contains heterogeneous elements, namely, some with calcareous oper-culum and some with horny. He restricted the name Aperostom,a toshells with a calcareous operculum. He placed those with a hornyoperculum in Cyclophorus Montford, citing as type G. volvulusMiUler.This restriction of Aperostoma Troschel removes C. volvvhisLamarck and C. mexwanumy Menke from the genus and leaves onlyC hlanchetianum Moricand, which becomes its type.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF WEST INDIAN APEROSTOMAUmbilicus bounded by a keel CycladamsiaUmbilicus not bounded by a keel.Sculpture rugose AustrocyclotusSculpture not rugose Cyclohidalgoa
THE CYCI.OPH0RID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMERICA 125Cycladamsia, new subgenusShells of this subgenus resemble Neocyclotus in shape and generalsculpture of shell but differ in having a keel at the exterior limit ofthe umbilicus. Operculum covered on the outside with a thick cal-careous deposit, which forms a weak ridge on the inner edge of thewhorls and tapers outwardly, its surface being obliquely striated.Type: Cyclostoma seminudum C. B. Adams = Aperostoma {Cycla-damsia) seminudum (C. B. Adams).The subgenus Cycladamsia appears confined to a strip of westernJamaica lying between longtitude 77? 30' and 78? W. and latitude 18?and 18?25' N., except for two crab-carried specimens from MontegoBay, which is a little farther north.The radula of Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum(C. B. Adams) and A. (C.) seminuduTn scahratwm have the formula3:3:3:3, and the jaw without median projection.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLADAMSIAWhorls strongly pitted or malleated.Last fourth of base of last whorl with regular oblique ridges.Oblique ridges extending from umbilical keel to periphery ruberOblique ridges not extending from umbilical keel to periph-ery bairdianumLast fourth of base of last whorl without regular oblique ridges.Shell large, greater diameter more than 23 mm seminudumShell smaller, greater diameter less than 20 mm fossileWhorls not strongly pitted or malleated ., rudisplanusqueAPEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER (Chitty)Shell helicoid. Nuclear whorls 1.3, small, well rounded, smooth ; thefirst half postnuclear whorl with slender, retractively curved axialriblets, which are separted by spaces about as wide as the riblets.This stage is followed by a turn in which the axial sculpture becomesirregular and the ribs obsolete, then by a wrinkled and pitted stagethat continues to the end of the last whorl. In the early portion ofthis stage the wrinkles are more or less regular and decidedly retrac-tively curved. They are not of uniform development, which condi-tion gives the spaces between the wrinkles a pitted aspect. Thesummit of the whorls is appressed; the suture is not impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated,the umbilicus marked by a strong cord at its outer termination.The cord within the umbilicus is pinched in. The sculpture of thebase consists of decidedly obliquely retractively curved cords, whichare wavy and feebly nodulose, enclosing spaces of a little less widthbetween them, which have a somewhat pitted aspect. The umbilical428349?42 9
126 BULLETM 181, UNITE? STATES NlATIOlNlAiL MUSEUM
wall is marked by strong, curved, rugose incremental ridges. Aper-ture oblique, subcircular and angled at the posterior angle ; peristomeslightly thickened on the outer and basal lip and somewhat emarginu-late on the parietal wall. Operculum typically cycladamsid.This species is nearest related to A. (C.) hairdianuni (Chitty),from which it can be distinguished by the fact that the obliqueridges on the last whorl cross the periphery undiminished. Inbairdianum they vanish on the base before reaching the periphery.I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following key anddescriptions will help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBERShell large, greater diameter more than 21 mm ruberShell smaller, greater diameter less than 18 mm pretiosumAPEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER RUBER (Chitty)Plate 17, Figures 31-33
1857. Cyclotus ruler Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 153.This subspecies has the early whorls pale brown ; the part of theperiostracum remaining is chestnut-brown. In denuded specimensthe shell is flesh colored, with a pale brownish tinge and usually withseveral broad bands of dark brown, the periphery appearing as alighter zone.This subspecies is distinguished from A. {C.) vniher pi^etioswrn(Chitty) by its much larger size.Chitty cites Westmoreland as type locality. Westmoreland is thewesternmost as well as one of the largest parishes of Jamaica. Anabsence of a definite locality makes it not unlikely that his shellscame from the St. Elizabeth Parish border. The specimen figured,U.S.N.M. No. 535982, is from the C. B. Adams collection at Amherstand bears the label C. semiriudum Adams var., St. Elizabeths Ja-maica, E. Chitty donor ! This has 5 whorls and measures : Height,15.3 mm. ; greater diameter, 22.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.1 mm.It must be remembered that Adams visited Chitty and obtainedmany specimens from him. Chitty did not venture to enter the de-scriptive field until after Adams' death. We know that Chitty de-scribed material from New Hope, Westmoreland, which is near thesoutheastern border of Westmoreland. All the material that wehave seen with definite locality comes fi'om the region of Carisbrook,St. Elizabeth.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAI^D MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 127APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER PRETIOSUM (Chitty)Plate 17, FiGxmES 25-271857. Cyclotus pretiosus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 153.In type of sculpture this subspecies corresponds in every way withthat of typical ruber. It differs from it mainly in its much morediminutive size.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 400998, was collected by C. E.Orcutt on a tall hill near Maggotty, St. Elizabeth Parish, Ja-maica. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 8.5 mm.
;
greater diameter, 15.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.2 mm.In his description Chitty cites New Hope, Westmoreland, as typelocality. We have not seen specimens from New Hope, but we dohave lots from three adjoining parts of St. Elizabeth Parish, namely,Maggotty, Cheltenham, and a road cut 4 miles north of Black Kiver.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) BAIRDIANUM (Chitty)Pate 17, Figures 28-301857. Cyclotus lairdianus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 153.Shell helicoid, of medium size, "of rich red brown color, with some^times a lighter band at the periphery and around the umbilical keel,yellowish at the suture of the last whorl" (Chitty). The nucleusconsists of about one turn. The first postnuclear whorl is markedby retractively curved axial riblets, which are a little broader thanthe spaces that separate them. The whorl succeeding shows lines ofgrowth, which are strongest at the summit, and malleations on therest of the shell. This type of sculpture continues to the aperture, butbecomes intensified and developed more or less into strong wrinkles.Suture moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base wellrounded, openly umbilicated and marked with a very strong keel atthe outer edge of the umbilicus and decidedly pinched in below thekeel in the umbilicus. The base is marked by pittings which extendto the periphery. On the last one-fifth of a turn there are alsostrong decidedly retractively curved axial cords, which are separatedby spaces about as wide as the cord. These vanish before reachingthe periphery. The umbilical wall is marked by irregular lines ofgrowth which render it rather rough. Aperture obhque, circular,with a feeble angle at the posterior angle, slightly emarginated belowthe summit on the outer lip and slightly excavated on the columellarwall. Operculum typically cycladamsid.Chitty failed to cite any locality with his description. Threespecimens before me from the Adams collection mixed with "6^.
128 BULLETIN 181, UNITE? STATES NATTOlNlAiL MUSlEUM
varians Ads." No. 14, come from Accompong Town, St. ElizabethParish. Adams credits them to Chitty as donor. Our specimenswere collected by Orcutt at Maggotty, St. Elizabeth Parish, about 5miles south of Accompong.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535983, comes from Maggotty,St. Elizabeth Parish, It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.0mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. Thesemeet most nearly the measurements cited by Adams. There are, how-ever, larger individuals obtained at the same locality. One of thesehas 5 turns and measures: Height, 14.8 mm.; greater diameter, 21.4mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.2 mm.This species belongs to the group in which the basal sculpture nearthe aperture consists of parallel, retractively slanting cords. Thischaracter it shares with A. (O.) ruber (Chitty), from which it diflfersin having much feebler sculpture on the latter portion of the spireas well as the base.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM (C. B. Adams)Shell varying greatly in shape, which ranges in outline fromdepressed-helicoid to subglobular. The color is also decidedly vari-able, ranging from unicolor to banded, the light area usually beingflesh colored or buff, the darker chestnut-brown. The sculpture islikewise immensely variable. The nucleus is small, usually consist-ing of a turn or a turn and a half, which is smooth. The succeedingpostnuclear whorl is marked by finely, retractively curved, ratherclosely spaced axial riblets, and from there on the remaining whorlsshow rough lines of growth and numerous wrinkles, malleations,and pittings. The strength of these elements varies very materially.In some specimens they become decidedly enfeebled toward the pe-riphery of the last turn; in others, they remain conspicuous. Thesuture is moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded, smoothin some individuals ; in other individuals, pitted. Base well rounded,openly umbilicated, the umbilicus varying materially in size. Inone of the races it is exceedingly broad, while in another it is quitenarrow. A strong keel marks the outer limits of the umbilicus.The umbilical edge of this keel is deeply impressed. The base variesmaterially in sculpture; in some the posterior half is practicallysmooth; in others, it is strongly pitted and decidedly rough. Theumbilical wall is marked by strong riblike incremental elements.The aperture is subcircular, somewhat angulated at the posteriorangle; in some individuals there is a decided sinus on the outer lipa little below the summit; in others it is absent. The columellarwall is slightly excavated. Operculum typically cycladamsid, but
THE CYCLOPHOKID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiRIC'A 129differing materially in the concavity of its outer surface, which rangesfrom almost flat to decidedly concave.This species presents a difficult problem to the taxonomist, for Iwas unable to find sharp, clearly cut geographic races, but I didfind intergrading elements in all the characters mentioned; that is,elevation, width of umbilicus, intensity of sculpture or partialabsence thereof.I am recognizing four subspecies, which appear to have more orless of a zoogeographic locus
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUMPeriphery strongly sculptured.Spire helicoid scabratumSpire depressed-helicoid humilePeriphery not strongly sculptured.Umbilicus narrow deburghaeanumUmbilicus not narrow seminudumAPEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM SCABRATUM, new subspeciesPlate 18, Figures 26-28This subspecies has a well-elevated, helicoid outline and is exceed-ingly roughly sculptured, the pitting extending over the periphery.It is easily distinguished from A. (0.) s. humile, which also has thepitting extending over the periphery, by its elevated form.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535984, was collected by Dr. Welch atThe Alps, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and measures
:
Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 26.0 mm.; lesser diameter,19.3 mm.Welch also collected this race at Croydon, east-central TrelawnyParish. Both of these localities represent the northeastern knownlimit of the subspecies.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM HUMILE, new subspeciesPlate 18, Figubbs 2&-31This subspecies has the shell decidedly depressed and finely roughlysculptured, the pitting and wrinkling extending over the periphery.It also has an exceedingly wide umbilicus. The depressed form andlarge umbilicus and finer sculpture will distinguish this race fromA. (O.) seminudum scabratum.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535985, has 5 whorls and measures : Height,15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 25.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.0 mm. Itwas collected by Dr. d'Alte Welch at Kyle, St. Elizabeth Parish,Jamaica.
130 BULLETHOSr 181, UNITE? STATEiS NlATTOQSnAIL MUSEUMThis race was collected by C. R. Orcutt at Carisbrook and byDr. Welch at Kyle and Bartons. It therefore seems to occupy thenorth-central portion of St. Elizabeth Parish.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSLA.) SEMINUDUM DEBURGHAEANUM (Chitty)Plate 18, Figures 35-371857. Cyclotus dehurghaeanus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 151.This subspecies was differentiated from typical seminudwm byChitty chiefly on the basis of its more elevated form, narrowerumbilicus, and flatter operculum, and possibly a little feebler sculptureof the base, for in both of these subspecies there is a tendency towardobsoleteness of sculpture. I have found in examining series ofspecimens tliat the relative concavity of the operculum is a variableelement, and the width of the umbilicus is also variable, as is theelevation, and for this reason I am relegating Chitty's species tosubspecific rank.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535986, was collected by Dr.Welch west of Headings, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. This has 5whorls and measures : Height, 20.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 25.3 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 18.0 mm.Chitty cites Westmoreland (?) as the type locality. I believe that itoccupies northern Manchester and southern Trelawny Parishes,extending into the edge of southeastern St. James Parish.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM SEMINUDUM (C. B. Adams)Plate 18, Figures 32^-34; Plate 42, Figuees 4, 51851. Cyclostotna seminudum C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol.5, p. 59.This subspecies is a little less elevated than A. {?.) seminudumdeburghaeanum (Chitty) and a little more roughly sculptured. Italso has a much broader umbilicus and it, like deburghaeanum^ hasa feeble sculpture on the base, where it fails to extend to the periphery.Adams cites Manchester, Jamaica, as the type locality. Chitty, inrestricting seminudum^ says that it comes from the northwest borderof Manchester Parish; he specifically mentions Bogue Hill. I be-lieve that this subspecies ranges from Somerset, Manchester Parish,in a northwesterly direction to Phoenix, St. James Parish.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 6642, was received from C. B.Adams. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 16.0 mm.; greaterdiameter, 23.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 18.1 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 131APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) FOSSILE, new speciesPlate 18, Figuees 22-24Shell of medium size, helicoid, yellowish white. The nucleus con-sists of a little more than one turn ; the next two turns are marked bywell-rounded, retractively curved axial riblets, which are a little widerthan the spaces that separate them. The next whorl is marked bystrong rough wrinkles at the summit. The rest of the whorls aremarked by retractively curved cords, which are slightly wavy andslightly nodulose, producing a somewhat pitted effect on the generalsurface. The last half of the last turn is very roughly sculptured.The wrinkles at the summit are intensified, and the rest loses itsregular retractively curved ribbing, which is replaced with irregularwrinkles, malleations, and pits. Suture well impressed. Peripherywell rounded. Base well rounded, broadly openly umbilicated witha moderately strong cord marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.The base of the early part of the last whorl is marked by the con-tinuation of the axial cords referred to for the spire, and the sametype of pitting between them. The regularity of the disposition ofthese elements disappears on the last half, where a similar type ofpitting and nodulation is present, but no regular distribution of theseelements obtains. The umbilical wall is marked by wavy strong axialribs. Aperture very large, somewhat channeled at the posteriorangle and slightly excavated on the columellar wall. Operculumunknown.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535987, and a large series of specimens,U.S.N.M. No. 375436, were obtained by Mr. Orcutt from fossiliferoussand sifting in a cave north of One Eye Kiver Sink, near Balaclava,Manchester Parish, Jamaica. The type has 4.5 whorls and measures
:
Height, 11.7 mm.; greater diameter, 18.2 mm.; lesser diameter,13.9 mm.An additional lot, U.S.N.M. No. 397355, was obtained on a hill northof One Eye River Sink below the cave in crevices in the precipice.This species belongs to the seminvdum group, as far as the typeof sculpture is concerned, but differs from it in the larger apertureand the much stronger umbilical sculpture and also in having thesculpture of the spire and base finer. It is evidently a fossil. Or-cutt failed to find living specimens of it in the region.APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUDISPLANUSQUE (Chitty)Plate 18, Figuees 13-181857. Cyclotus rudis-planusque Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 152.Shell small or medium sized, helicoid. When perfect, covered witha wood-brown periostracum, which may be streaked with axial darker
132 BULLETIN 181, UTSTITED STATES NATTOaSPAL MUSEUM
shades of brown. The nucleus consists of a little more than oneturn, which is small and well rounded. The next turn is markedby very fine, retractively curved, closely spaced, almost hairlikeriblets, while the rest of the shell bears irregular rugations andscattered malleations, the latter usually a little below the summit.The rugations are strongest near the summit of the shell. Suturewell impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, mod-erately broadly umbilicated. The umbilicus is bounded by a strongkeel, which is strongly inpinched on the umbilical side and renderedsomewhat nodulose by the irregular axial sculpture. The umbilicalwall is marked by irregular axial ribs. Aperture large, subcircular,except for an angulation at the posterior angle, feebly incised belowthe summit on the outer lip and somewhat incised on the columellarwall. Operculum typically cycladamsid.The two specimens figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356132, are part of fourfrom Mulgrave, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. I have selected theseto show the limit of variation in size and also in intensity of sculp-ture. The larger has 5 whorls, the smaller 4.3. They measure,respectively: Height, 13.3 and 9.2 mm,; greater diameter, 18.6 and13,2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 14.0 and 10.2 mm.This species is easily distinguished from the other Cycladamsiasby its extremely reduced sculpture.Chitty cites Accompong Town, St. Elizabeth Parish, as typelocality. This appears to be the center of its distribution. Somecrab-carried ( ?) specimens were collected at Montego Bay, St. JamesParish. The living material seen extends from Mocho to Maggoty,but we also have some dead specimens from 4 miles north of BlackRiver, St. Elizabeth Parish, and Glen Burnie Mountains, West-moreland parish.This species presents a puzzle that will be cleared up only whenanatomic material comes to hand for dissection. There are two dis-tinct sizes, a large and a small element. It is possible that thesemay be sexual characteristics. The occurrence of both in the samelocality points toward such a condition.AusTROCYCLOTUS, new subgenusAperostomine shells of helicoid shape the outside surface of whichis marked by closely placed threads crossing each other in protractiveand retractive series, producing an engine-turned pattern.Type: Aperostoma {Austrocy^clotus) stramineum (Reeve).Distribution: Panama to Ecuador and Venezuela and the WestIndies.The radula formula of Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) grenadensemcsweeni is 3:3:3:2. The jaw is without a median projection.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 133The verge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles.It is swollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a veryshort simple terminal appendage.KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AUSTROCYCLOTUSSculpture very strong and filelike rugatumSculpture not as strong or filelike.Shell averaging more than 20 mm. in diameter vincentinumShell averaging less than 15 mm. in diameter grenadenseAPEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) RUGATUM (Guppy)Plate 17, Figukes 10-121864. Cyclotus rugatus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 246.Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, openly, moderately,broadly, umbilicated, covered by a golden-brown periostracum. Nu-clear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth, forming a moderately elevatedspire. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, strongly in-bent at the suture excepting the last fifth of the last turn, whichis marked by rather strong, decidedly retractively curved axial rib-lets. On the last whorl the riblets are replaced by more or lesszigzagging ridges separated by spaces equaling them. This zig-zagging produces a filelike resemblance. On the last fifth of aturn these elements become much disturbed and finally obsolete.Suture strongly impressed; periphery strongly rounded. Base in-flated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of thesculpture at the spire. Umbilical wall marked by closely spacedaxial cords. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angulatedat the posterior angle. Peristome simple. Operculum typicallyaustrocyclotid.I collected the specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No.390108, at Brigham Hill, Central Range, Trinidad, on September 2,1928. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 12.9 mm.; greaterdiameter, 17.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. I took three additionalspecimens, U.S.N.M. No. 394005, on Verdant Vale, about 4 miles northof Arima, Trinidad, on September 3, 1929.This species is much more robust and rotund, with the sculpturemuch coarser and rougher, than A. (A.) grenadense (Shuttleworth).APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) VINCENTINUM (Pilsbry)Plate 17, Figubes 1-31935. Poteria vincentma Pilsbby, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 87,p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 2, 2a.Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid. Nuclear whorls almost 2,smooth, well rounded. Postnuclear whorls marked by numerous,
134 BULLOETEN 181, UNITE? SITATEIS NlATIOOSIlAiL MUSlEIUMwavy, slender, raised, retractively slanting axial threads, which aredisposed in a more or less zigzag pattern, and lend to the surfacea worn-file effect. Suture well constricted. Periphery somewhat in-flated, strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by thecontinuation of the sculpture described for the spire. Umbilicusbroad, open. Aperture almost circular, somewhat angulated at theposterior angle; peristome thin, slightly reflected, a little thicker onthe columellar wall, adnate to the preceding turn at the parietal wall.Operculum typically austrocyclotid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535919, was col-lected by Bartsch on Mount St. Andrews, St. Vincent. It has 4.4whorls and measures : Height, 13.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 22.7 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 17.1 mm.This species recalls most nearly 4. (A.) grenadense (Shuttleworth),from which its much larger size will readily distinguish it.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE (Shuttleworth)Shell small, depressed-helicoid, openly moderately broadly umbili-cated. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, conforming inincrease with the rest of the spire. Postnuclear whorls slightly flat-tened near the suture, the rest well rounded, marked by incrementallines and obliquely slanting, low, elongated tubercles, which lend thesurface a wrinkled appearance. This sculpture usually weakens to-ward the last tenth of a turn, where the incremental lines becomemuch rougher and irregular. Periphery of last whorl well rounded.Base strongly rounded, marked like the spire. On the umbilical wallthe tuberculations may weaken. Aperture broadly ovate, somewhatpointed at the posterior angle. Peristome acute. Operculum of aboutsix whorls, typically austrocyclotid.The species appears confined to Grenada. I am recognizing twosubspecies
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSEBase strongly granulose grenadenseBase not strongly granulose mcsweeniAPEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE GRENADENSE (Shuttleworth)Plate 17, Figures 19-211857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) grenadense Shuttleworth, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5,p. 266.This subspecies is differentiated from Aperostoma {Austrocyclotus)grenadense mcsweeni by having the base strongly granulose.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSIKS OF AMERICA 135I collected it in large numbers, U.S.N.M No. 473940, under heapsof leaves and branches in the Cacao plantation on the Annandale Es-tate, August 25, 1929, and a small number, U.S.N.M. No. 390105, at amuch higher elevation at Granitown House, August 25, 1929. Thelatter average a little smaller and stronger sculptured. Both of theselocalities are on the western slope of Grenada.U.S.N.M. No. 57768 contains two specimens received from Bland
;
US.N.M. No. 366504 contains eight specimens, and U.S.N.M. No.366503 two specimens from Vendryes. None of these lots bear specificlocality data, only the label Grenada, but all belong to this race.Ten specimens from the Annandale lot yield the followingmeasurements
:
Height
136 BULLETdlN 181, UlSnTEiD STATEiS NIATTO'NIAL MUSIEUM
cited below, together with those of a series of specimens obtained atthe same place
:
Height
THE CYCLOPHORTD LAND MOLLUSCKS OF AMERICA 137
"The lingual teeth are 3. 1. 3, in arched rows : central broad, triden-tate; 1st lateral broad, bidentate, with a base much produced out-wardly; 2nd tridentate; 3rd much hooked and reflexed, tridentate."I collected semifossil specimens on the bluffs in a quarry on thesouth side of the road between Pampator and Asuncion on MargaritaIsland. I failed to find living specimens anywhere on the parts of theisland visited. INCERTICYCLUS, a pseudogeneric termMembers of the family Cyclophoridae as a rule require a knowledgeof the operculum to enable one to assign them to the proper genericand subgeneric groups. Since specimens not infrequently drift intomuseums without this dooi', and the rest of the shell characters mayfail to enable one to locate the shell in question, I propose the abovename as a superspecific designation for species that have beenchristened but that in our monographic endeavors we are unable tolocate properly for lack of the characters mentioned.Incerticyckis is not to be considered a genus, nor is it ever to havea type, but is to remain an open catch-all into which we may placethose species the position of which we are uncertain. When the neces-sary characters have been adduced these species can be properlyaligned, taken out of Incerticyclus, and when new material withoutopercula is received, it can be placed in this group.I am placing the following species in Incevticyclus
:
INCERTICYCLUS BAKERI (Simpson)Plate 18, Figures 1-31895. Neocyclotus {PtychocochUs)bakeri Simpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17,p. 440, pi. 16, figs. 1, 2.Shell large, helicoid; nuclear whorls lost. The early postnuclearwhorls are marked by wavy or slightly zigzag, retractively slanting,slender axial riblets, which are well developed, quite regular andregularly spaced, and separated by spaces about as wide as the riblets.On the last half of the last turn, however, there appears anothertype of sculpture consisting of strong wrinkles, the first part ofwhich is retractive, then vertical, then again sloping retractivelyto the periphery. These wrinkles vary materially in strength.Suture moderately well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Basewell rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by decidedly retrac-tively curved, very regular ridges, which pass over the umbilicalangle strongly onto the umbilical wall. These ridges are about aswide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to this the entirebase is marked by fine incremental lines. There is scarcely a sug-
138 BTILLtEITIlN 181, UNlT'EiD SfTATEiS NlATTOOSIlAiL MUS1E:UMgestion of the angle at the outer edge of the umbilicus present.Aperture circular; peristome thin. Operculum?The type, U.S.N.M. No. 115717, was collected by John B. Hender-son in the marl stratum of the Bowden Beds, Miocene, in St. ThomasParish, Jamaica. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 16.3 mm.; greater diameter, 30,0 mm.; lesser diameter,20.0 mm.The peculiar sculpture combined with the absence of the umbilicalkeel separates this species from all the other known Jamaicancyclophorids. INCERTICYCLUS BOWDENENSIS, new speciesPlate 41, Figtjbes 4-6Shell small, helicoid, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated.The early postnuclear whorls somewhat impressed at the summit;t le last appressed. The early whorls are marked by slender, hairlikeincremental lines. Beginning with the last half of the penultimateturn, decidedly obliquely protractively slanting axial rugae make theirappearance. They take a sudden retractive slant near the summitwhere they are weaker and less regular. Periphery rounded. Basestrongly rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by lines of growthonly. A rather strong, somewhat notched, moderately broad keelforms the outer edge of the umbilicus, while the umbilical wall ismarked by riblike gatherings of the incremental lines. Aperturecircular, oblique; peristome simple, thickened to form an auricle atthe posterior angle.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 82532a, was collectedby Uselma C. Smith and S. L. Schermo in the Miocene formationat Bowden, Jamaica. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 10.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 15.7 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12 mm.Its lesser size and comparatively weak sculpture will readilydistinguish it from Incerticyclus hdkeri (Simpson) and /. schermoLINCERTICYCLUS SCHERMOI. new speciesPl.\te 41, Figtjbes 10-12Shell of medium size, helicoid, cream yellow. Nuclear whorls 1.5,small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded; allbut the last turn marked by very strong, slightly retractively curvedaxial riblets, which are less than half as wide as the spaces separatingthem. The last whorl is very roughly wrinkled. The axial ribspersist and are even stronger than on the preceding whorls, but theyare rendered irregular by decidedly obliquely protractively slantingfolds. The latter are not quite so broad as the spaces separating
THE CYCLOPHORI'D LAKTD MOLLUSIKS OF AMERICA 139them. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly um-bilicated with a very strong keel at the outer edge of the umbilicus.Deep pits are present at the keel, which extend as impressed groovesover the anterior third of the base. Anterior ?o the keel the umbil-ical wall is also deeply pitted and the impressed areas extendingfrom the pits over the umbilical wall let the intermediate space appearas ribs marked by incremental lines. Aperture oblique, circular.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 82532, was collectedby Usehna C. Smith and S. L. Schermo in the Miocene beds atBowden, Jamaica. It has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height,, 13 mm.
;
greater diameter, 19.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm. Thirteenyoung and fragmentary specimens are registered under the samenumber.The strong basal sculpture readily differentiates this from Iiwer-ticyclm howdenemis and the strong spiral keel at the umbilicus sepa-rates it from Incerticyclus haheri (Simpson).INCERTICYCLUS PEKPALLIDUS (C. B. Adams)Plate 18, Figubes 4-61852. Cyclostoma perpallidum C. B. Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,vol. 5, p. 81.1852. Cyclotus perpallidus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomoriun viventium,vol. 1, p. 29.1857. Cyclostoma perpallidus Chitty, Proc. Zool. Sec London, vol. 25, p. 157.1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) perpallidus Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 9, p. 138, reprint.Shell of medium size with sides sloping regularly to the spire,soiled white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 smooth, well-rounded turns.The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, the first markedby feeble retractively curved axial riblets. Beginning with thesecond, fine wavy axial wrinkles make their appearance. Thesewrinkles branch and anastomose, enclosing spaces between them ofvarying length. They are a little weaker toward the summit thanon the major portion of the whorls. Suture moderately well im-pressed on all of the turns. Periphery obscurely angulated andmarked like the spire. Base very moderately rounded, almost flat-tened, marked by the continuation of the axial wrinkles, which hereare retractively slanting and marked near the umbilicus by strongcoarse ribs, which are wider than the spaces that separate them. Theumbilical wall is marked by the continuation of these ribs and fineincremental lines. There is only the merest indication of angulationat the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular, decidedlyprotracted into a claw at the posterior angle, having the outer lipthin, inner somewhat thickened. Operculum?
140 BULLETIN 181, UlSnTE? STATES NlATXOlNlAIj MTJSIETJMAdams' type, here figured, has 5 whorls and measures : Height, 13,0mm. ; greater diameter, 19.4 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.4 mm.Adams cites merely Jamaica, but Chitty {loc. cit.) states: "NearMoore Town, Portland." He says, "This shell was originally broughtto me by a negro named Shelly, whom I could never, even by moneyexcite to sufficient energy to collect more. * * * Operculum stillwanting."The species has not been rediscovered, and until the operculum hasbeen found it will be impossible to place it properly. The peculiarsculpture, the sloping spire, and, above all, the flattish base, differentiateit from all the other known West Indian cyclophorids.INCERTICYCLUS PERPLEXUS. new speciesPl,ATE 18, FlGTTBES 19-21Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered with a golden-brown perio-stracum, at least the fragments left on our specimens would indicatethat that is the case. The nucleus consists of 1.4 small, somewhatinflated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The first postnuclear whorl isstrongly rounded and marked by very regular, rather distantly spaced,slender, well-raised axial riblets. On the succeeding turns the axialriblets are more closely approximated and reduced to incremental lines.In addition to these, the entire surface is marked by strong, veryoblique, decidedly protractively slanting heavy ridges, which areseparated by spaces about as wide as the ridges. These ridges at theperiphery join the ridges on the base, which have a decidedly oppositeslant, the two at their junction forming sharp arrowpoints. Basebroadly, openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by theheavy rugations mentioned above. The umbilical wall bears coarse,more or less vertical, riblike incremental lines. Aperture circular;peristome simple, that of the outer lip thin ; the inner lip thickened.Operculum unknown.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535988, was collected by Orcutt at Appleton,St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. It has 3.3 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 7.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 378448 contains two topotypes received from the samesource. These are a little smaller than the type.INCERTICYCLUS MARTINICENSIS (Shnttleworth)1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) martinicense Shuttleworth, Journ. Conchyl., vol.5, p. 267.Shell broadly umbilicated, lenticular, thin, finely striated, with densefine spiral grooves, pale olive-brown, shining; spire little elevated.Apex rather obtuse; suture deep; 4-4i/^ convex, rapidly increasing
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiRTCA 141
whorls, the last scarcely descending ; aperture hardly oblique, circular
;
peristome continous, acute. Operculum calcareous, scarcely convexon the outside, with ten volutions, depressed and expanded at the edge.Height, 8 mm. ; greater diameter, 14 mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.5 mm.Aperture 6 mm., broad and high.Shuttleworth states that he had received two specimens of this fromPetit from the Island of Martinique. I have not seen it and am unableto place it in any of the groups here listed.INCERTICYCLUS CINEREUS (Drouet)PlATE 18, FiGUEE 251859. Cyclophorus cinereus Drouet, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluvia-tiles de la Guyane frangaise, p. 90, pi. 3, figs. 37-38.The following is a translation of Drouet's description
:
Shell small, umbilicated, subturbinate, thin, scarcely translucent,finely striate, ashy ; whorls 4, convex, apex obtuse ; aperture angulatedlycircular, peristome simple, acute. Operculum immersed, concolor, nor-mal. Height, 4 mm. ; greater diameter, 4.5 mm. ; diameter of aperture2 mm. * * * This Cyclophorid by its general form, size, andcoloration resembles our Valvata piscinalis Miill. It has no decidedcharacters except its small size, subturbinate form and ashy color, andespecially the fine regular striations with which its shell is adorned.The figures emphasizes the axial lirations.There is no material in the collection of the United States NationalMuseum that helps us understand this species. The fact that Drouetdescribes Cyclopho'i^us liratus and C. acutiliratus immediately beforehis G. cinereus and says here that the operculum is normal, leads oneto believe that he was dealing with an amphicyclotid. We know ofnone in the "West Indies with axial ribs. I therefore include thisspecies in sedis incertae. It was described from the Island of Marti-nique.
428349?42 10
Part 3.?THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF THEMAINLAND OF AMERICA
By Paul Bartsch and Joseph P. E. Morrison
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE GrayThe family Cyclophoridae is defined on p. 3.The mainland cyclophorids range from Mexico to and over SouthAmerica. They belong to four subfamilies, which the following keywill help to differentiate
:
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF CYCLOPHORIDAE ON THE MAINLAND OF AMERICAShell elongate-turrited MegalomastominaeShell not elongate-turrited.Shell pupoid DiplommatininaeShell not pupoid but planorboid or helicoid.Operculum chondroid AmphicyclotinaeOperculum calcified AperostominaeSubfamily Megalomastominae Torre and BartschFor definition of the subfamily, refer to p. 3.Genus TOMOCYCLUS Crosse and Fischer1872. Tomocyclus Ceosse and Fischer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 76.Shells with elongated-turrited spire. Aperture circular, peristomedouble ; the inner more or less exserted ; the outer broadly flaringly ex-panded, with a slit terminating in a more or less circular perforation inthe parietal wall below the edge of the peristome. Operculum withcentral nucleus, bearing a broadly expanded spiral lamella, which isreflected to parallel the basal chondroid plate. The outer edge of thelamella may be appressed to the succeeding turn, or fringes of its outerragged edge may be free ; in reality the entire lamella is free, and itsappressed position is responsible for its appearing adnate.Type : Tomocyclus gealei Crosse and Fischer.T. siinulacrum (Morelet) yields the following data : Radula formula
:
3:3:3:3. Jaws with central projection. Penis on right side of necktraversed by a groove only.142
THE CYCLOPHORID LAA^^D MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 143The radula of T. gealei has the formula 3:3:3:3. According toCrosse and Fischer the jaw has a median projection, the verge is longand is on the side of the neck behind the tentacles, tapering graduallyand bearing a seminal groove. There is no terminal appendage.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TOMOCYCLUSAxial sculpture consisting of slender ribs gealeiAxial sculpture not consisting of slender ribs but of fine incrementallines.Outer peristome narrow guatemalensisOuter peristome not narrow.Siphon strongly developed siphonisSiphon not strongly developed.Whorls strongly rounded constrictusWhorls not strongly rounded.Shell large, height more than 35 mm simulacrumShell smaller, length less than 27 mm copanensisTOMOCYCLUS GEALEI Crosse and FischerPlate 19, Figure 11872. Tomocyclus gealei Ckosse and Fischer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 77.1886. Tomocyclus gealei Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexique etdans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pp. 118-120, pi. 40, figs. 1-3.1890. Megalomastoma {Tomocyclus) gealei von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 10.Shell very large, very elongate-turrited, covered by a pale yellowish-brown periostracum, which shows a few axial streaks of darker brown.Peristome bluish white, which is also the color of the interior of theaperture. The early whorls are decollated in all our specimens ; thoseremaining are appressed at the summit, well rounded, and marked bysomewhat sinuous, retractively curved axial riblets, which are aboutas wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to this the whorlsare marked by very closely spaced spiral striations. Suture stronglyimpressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long with astrong, heavy, spiral keel bounding the outer edge of the umbilicus,which is open. Aperture circular ; peristome double, the inner slightlyexserted; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, with a slit in theparietal wall, which at some little distance behind the edge of theperistome develops into a perforation, the perforation being archedover by the two sides of the peristome, which almost form a siphon.Operculum typically tomocyclid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M, No. 321034, bears thelabel "Central America." It has 7 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 40.7 mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.9mm. Height of aperture, 14.1 mm. externally, 7.9 mm. internally;diameter, 13.2 mm. externally, 7.7 mm. internally.
144 BULLiETEN 181, UjSTITED STATES NATTONlAiL MUSEUMThe United States National Museum collections contain the follow-ing specimens: U.S.N.M. No. 32069, 3 from Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No.251126, 1 collected by O. F. Cook at Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala;U.S.N.M. No. 321031, 2 collected by S. Smith in Guatemala; U.S.N.M.No. 57333, 3 received from Bland, collected in Guatemala; U.S.N.M.No. 104444, 1 from Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala ; U.S.N.M. No. 316386,2 from Guatemala ; U.S.N.M. No. 321033, 1 collected by Salle, labeled
"Mexico."In size this species resembles T. simulacrum,^ from which it is easilydistinguished by its rather strong axial ribs, which are absent innTnulacrum. TOMOCYCLUS GUATEMALENSIS (Pfeiffer)Plate 19, Figure 41851. Cyclostoma guatemalense Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 245.1852. Megalomastoma guatemalense Pfeeffee, Monographia pneumonopomorumviventium, vol. 1, p. 132.1853. Cyclostoma guatemalense Pfeiffek, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 267, pi. 36, figs. 13, 14.1872. Tomocyclus guatemalense Crosse and Fischee, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20,p. 76.1878. Megalomastoma guatemalense Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 20, pi. 8,fig. 73.1886. Tomocyclus guatemalensis Fischee and Crosse, Mission scientifique auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 124, pi. 40, fig. 11.We have not seen specimens of this species and copy Pfeiffer'sfigures and translate his description as given in Martini-Chemnitz.Shell perforate, elongate, rather thick shelled, moderately truncatedabove, axially finely striate, white beneath a greenish-brown perios-tracum. Spire with a somewhat convex outline, gradually tapering.Whorls 6, slightly arched, the last shorter, descending anteriorly, andsomewhat solute, compressed about the narrow open umbilicus butnot keeled. Aperture parallel with the axis, almost circular. Peri-stome free, white, double, the inner complete, and only slightly pro-duced; the outer expanded at right angles to the aperture, excisedover the perforation. Length, 24 mm. ; diameter, 8 mm.Pfeiffer's figure has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Height,23.2 mm.; greater diameter, 11.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm.Height of aperture externally, 8.2 mm., internally, 6.1 mm. ; diameterexternally, 6.7 mm., internally, 5.1 mm.Habitat: Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.These figures show a finely ribbed shell with a much more narrowlyexpanded outer peristome than in any of the other species.
THE CYCLOPHORIT) LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 145TOMOCYCLUS SIPHONIS. new speciesPlate 19, Fiiqube 5Shell of medium size, olivaceous with a chestnut tinge; peristomebluish white, which is also the color of the interior. Early whorlsdecollated in all our specimens; those remaining well rounded, ap-pressed at the summit, which is slightly denticulated and marked bylines of growth, which do not form riblets. There is also an indi-cation of microscopic spiral striations. Suture strongly constricted.Periphery well rounded. Base with a weak carina at the outer edgeof the umbilicus, which disappears on the last quarter of the last turn.Aperture circular; peristome double, the inner moderately exserted;the outer broadly flaringly expanded and somewhat wavy with astrong sinus on the middle of the parietal wall, which connects witha round opening, over which the two sides of the reflected outerperistome form a pseudosiphon. Operculum typically tomocyclid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 162511, was collected by von Ihering atAlta Vera Paz, Guatemala. It has 5 whorls remaining and measures
:
Height, 31 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm.Height of aperture, 12.9 mm. externally, 5.9 mm. internally ; diameter,12.2 mm. externally, 5.8 mm. internally.This differs from T. constrictus in having the pseudosiphon muchmore strongly developed and the basal carina much weaker ; it is alsopaler in coloration.TOMOCYCLUS CONSTRICTUS, new speciesPI4ATE 19, FiGUEE 2Shell of medium size, elongate-turrited, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum. Early whorls decollated in all our specimens;those remaining strongly rounded, slightly denticulated at the sum-mit, and marked by feeble obsolete axial riblets corresponding to thedenticulations at the summit; these, however, evanesce on the majorportion of the base. In addition to this, the whorls are marked byfine spiral striations. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery wellrounded. Base slightly produced, bearing a very strong keel at theouter limit of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome double,the inner moderately exserted; the outer broadly, wavily, flaringlyexpanded, with a notch in the parietal wall which connects with theround opening. The two sides of the peristome arch over to partlycover the pseudosiphon. Operculum typically tomocyclid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 162315, was collected by Godman at Coban,northern Guatemala. It has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 32.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.4mm. Height of aperture, 12.6 mm. externally, 6.5 mm. internally;diameter, 12.2 mm. externally, 6.3 mm. internally.
146 BULIiETIN 181, UNITEiD STATElS NlAlTIONlAiL MUSlEUMThe United States National Museum collections contain also thefollowing specimens:U.S.N.M. No. 516028, a topotype; U.S.N.M. No. 250693, 4 speci-mens received from Rolle, collected at Finca de Providencia, Guate-mala; U.S.N.M. No. 321030, 1 specimen received from Sowerby andFulton, labeled "Guatemala."This species resembles T. siphonis, but differs from it in its weakersiphonal development and in having the whorls much more stronglyrounded and the basal keel much stronger.TOMOCYCLUS SIMULACRUM (Morelet)Plate 19, Figure 61S49. Cyclostoma simulacrum Mokelet, Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae etAmericae centralis, p. 22.1852. Megalomastoma simulacrum Pfeifeeb, Monographia pneumonopomorumviventium, vol. 1, p. 131.1853. Cyclostoma simulacrum Pfeiffeb, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 267, pi. 36, figs. 11, 12.1864. Megalomastoma simulacrum Soweeby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 3,ul. 263, figs. 3, 4.1872. Tomocyclus simulacrum Ckosse and Fischer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 76.1878. Tomocyclus simulacrum Kobelt, Illustrirtes Conchylienbuch, p. 195, pi. 61,fig. 22.1878. Megalomastoma simulacrum Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 20, p. 8,fig. 72.1883. Megalomastoma simulacrum Tryon, Manual Conchology, vol. 2, p. 282, pi.75, fig. 61.1886. Tomocyclus simulacrum Crosse and Fischer, Mission scientifique anMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pp. 121-124, pi. 40,figs. 9, 9a ; pi. 44, figs. 1, la.Shell large, covered with a chocolate-brown periostracum, whichgrows paler toward the tip. Peristome yellowish bluish white, whichis also the color of the interior of the aperture. Early whorls decol-lated in all our specimens ; those remaining moderately well rounded,appressed at the summit, and marked by rather irregular incrementallines. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Basewith a moderately strong keel marking the outer limit of the um-bilicus. This disappears on the last quarter of the last turn. Aper-ture circular ; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted ; the outerbroadly, sinuously flaringly expanded. A slit on the middle of theparietal wall with the two sides reflected over it partly covers a roundpuncture a little behind the edge of the peristome.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 203656, was received fromBland and comes from Guatemala. It has 5.7 whorls remainingand measures: Height, 38 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 mm.; lesserdiameter, 11.1 mm. Height of aperture externally, 13.4 mm., in-ternally, 6.8 mm. ; diameter externally, 13.4 mm., internally, 6.7 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 147The following additional specimens are in the National Museum Col-lection : No. 321006, from the Kedfield Collection ; No. 365365, 1 col-lected by A. A. Hinkley at Chama, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala; No.32070, 2 collected by Sarg between Tactic and Tamaju, Alta Vera Paz,Guatemala.This species is the largest of the smooth-whorled forms. In sizeit resembles T. gealei Crosse and Fischer, and in sculpture it agreeswith the other species.TOMOCYCLUS COPANENSIS (Sowerby)Plate 19, Figure 31850 Cyclostoma copanense Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl.p. 165*, pi. 31B, figs. 310, 311.1886. Tomocyclus similacrum copanensis Fischer and Crosse, Mission scienti-fique au Mexique et dans TAm^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 121, pi.40, figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10.1886. Tomocyclus simulacrum var. d Fischer and Crosse, ibid., p. 121, pi. 40,fig. 6.1890. Megalomastoma (Tomocyclus) simulacrum minus von Martens, BiologiaCentrali-Americana, p. 10.1890. Meglomastoma {Tomocyclus) simulacrum gracilius von Martens, idem.Shell small, chestnut-brown. The early whorls decollated in allour specimens ; the latter well rounded, appressed at the summit, andmarked by lines of growth and indistinct spiral striations. Suturewell constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long,with a strong keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus, whichdisappears on the last quarter of the last turn. Aperture circular;peristome double, the inner slightly exserted; the outer fiaringly,somewhat wavily expanded, with a slit on the parietal wall, whichcommunicates with the circular perforation a little behind the slit.The two edges of the peristome are bent over to form a siphon.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.515763, collected by Godman at Coban, Guatemala. These diifer ma-terially in size, so we are giving the dimensions of both. The speci-men figured has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 26 mm.
;
greater diameter, 12.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 8.7 mm. Height of aper-ture externally, 9.5 mm., internally, 5.8 mm.; diameter externally,10 mm., internally, 5.5 mm. The smaller specimen has 5.5 whorlsremaining and measures: Height, 22 mm.; greater diameter, 10.8mm. ; lesser diameter, 7 mm. Height of aperture externally, 8.3 mm.,internally, 5 mm.; diameter externally, 8 mm., internally, 5 mm.The U. S. National Museum collections contain 3 additional lots : No.316385, 3 specimens labeled "Guatemala"; No. 515764, 1 specimenreceived from Sowerby & Fulton labeled "Guatemala"; No. 321005,1 specimen from Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, collected by Cuming.
148 BULLETIN ISl, UNITED STATES Nu^TIOOSTlAiL MUSEUMThere appears to have been considerable misunderstanding aboutthis species. We have lumped v. Martens' Megalomastoma {Tomo-cyclus) simulac7^7n Tninus and his M. (T.) simulacrum' graciliusunder this name, which we feel justified in doing from the specimensbefore us. The small size will readily differentiate this from theother more or less smooth forms.Subfamily Diplommatininae KobeltThis subfamily embraces a dozen or more genera and some 400species. Its distribution extends from Siberia south through India,and in the west Pacific Island complex from Japan to eastern NewZealand. Only a single genus, Adelopoma^ has been reported fromAmerica. Genus ADELOPOMA Doering1884. Adeloponia Doering, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, vol. 7, p. 457.1898. Eupalaina Kosfxt and Moixendoeff, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol.30, p. 131, in part.1898. Cylindropalaina Kobelt and Moixeindorff, ihid., p. 133, in part.Small pupiform, sinistral or dextral shells, white, thin. Nuclearwhorls smooth ; postnuclear whorls ornamented with scalariform axialribs; suture strongly constricted. Aperture circular, with a smalldenticle on the columellar wall ; peristome double. Operculum thin,corneous, with 3 or 4 whorls whose outer edge is slightly upturned.Type : Adelopoma tucma Doering.Distribution : Costa Rica to Peru.The radula formula cited by Doering is : 5:4:4:2 for A. tucma.Baker (Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 47, 1922)gives the radula for A. occidentale Baker from La Fria, Venezuela,as 7 : 5 : 5 : 5. This is our A. hakeri.In 1863 Philippi described Pupa limensis (Malak. Blatter, vol. 14,p. 75), and this was later referred by Doering and Ancey to the genusAdelopoma, but Pilsbry has definitely shown that it belongs to thegenus Pupoides in the Pupillidae.ADELOPOMA TUCMA DoeringPlate 40, Figure 11884. Adelopoma tucma Doering, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, vol. 7, p. 458,figs.1902. Adelopoma tucma Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 480.We have not seen this species, but we give a translation of Doering'sdescription and copy his figure.Shell rimate, small, oblong-ovate, pupilliform, thin, white, crystal-line, with attenuated apex, closely obliquely rib-striate; whorls 6,convex, the first 2 nuclear, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are ele-
THE CYCIiOPHORTD LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMERICA 149gantly, closely rib-striately sculptured ; the last exceeds one-fourth thelength of the shell. Suture profound, excavated; aperture circular,straight; peristome straight, continuous, reflectedly expanded.Length, 2 mm. ; diameter, 1 mm. Diameter of aperture, 6 mm. Oper-culum small, concave, circular, with concentric and spiral striations,slightly yellowish.Radula formula : 5 : 4 : 4 : 2.The locality as given by Doering is Sierra de Tucuman, Argentina.ADELOPOMA STOLLI (von Martens)Plate 40, Figxjees 2, 31890. Diplommatina stolli von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 20,pi. 1, fig. 19.1898. Palaina (Eupalaina) stolli Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb. Deut.Malak. Ges., vol. 30, p. 133.1902. Adelopoma stolli Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 480.We have not seen specimens of this species and therefore mustgive a translation of v. Martens' description and copy his figure
:
Shell sinistral, imperforate, ovate-conic, with 16 strong ribs on thepenultimate whorl, white ; whorls 6, convex, the first 2 smooth, yellow-ish, the penultimate the largest, the last a little narrower, roundedand thin ; aperture subvertical, circular ; peristome continuous, thick-ened, expanded, white. Length, 2.5 mm. ; diameter, 1 mm. Aperture0.75 mm.Habitat: Northwest Guatemala in the District of Cholhuitz, onthe slope of the Volcano Santa Maria at the plantation Helvetia,where 2 specimens were found by O. Stoll on the ground insecond growth woods.Comparing the specimens with Adelopoma occidentale from Trini-dad, the riblets in A. stolli are very much stronger and lessnumerous.Hinkley (Nautilus, vol. 21, p. 78, 1907), reports this species fromTampico, where a single specimen was found. We have seen thisspecimen, but unfortunately it was so badly fractured that we wereunable to make any comparison. Judging from the distribution,we rather doubt its identity. It is possible that this represents adistinct form. ADELOPOMA BAKERI, new speciesPlate 40, Figueb 51923. Adelopoma occidentale H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan,No. 137, pp. 46-48, fig. 21 (radula).Shell minute, sinistral, pupoid, white. The nucleus consists of 1.5inflated mammillated turns, which are smooth. The postnuclear
150 BULLETIISr 181, UTSHTEiD SfTATEISI NlATJiOiNlAIL MUStEUM
whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by distantlyspaced, slender, scalariform, protractively curved axial ribs, of which33 are present on the first, 29 on the second, 26 on the third and fourth,and 12 on the remaining 0.4 of a turn, in the type. Suture verystrongly constricted. Base well rounded, very narrowly umbilicated,marked by the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture obliquelyoval ; peristome double, the inner expanded, thickened, exserted, andslightly reflected, adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall.There is a feeble denticle in the middle of the columella. Outerperistome rather broadly flaringly expanded.Radula formula : 7:5:5:5.The type and 27 specimens. No. 140916, are in the collection of thePhiladelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, collected by H. B. Bakerat Quebrada, Venezuela. The type has almost 6 whorls andmeasures: Height, 2.3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm.This species is distinguished from A. occideritale in having whitenuclear whorls, and in being stouter, with a much more stronglydeveloped peristome.ADELOPOMA COSTARICENSE, new speciesPlate 40, Figttke 4Shell minute, sinistral, thin, semitranslucent, alabaster white.Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclearwhorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by low, lamellar,scalariform, decidedly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which 24are present on the first three whorls and 12 on the last half turn.The spaces separating the axial ribs are 7 or 8 times as wide as theribs, and are covered by exceedingly fine, microscopic, spiral striations.Suture very strongly constricted. Base inflated, well rounded, witha narrow umbilical chink, marked by the continuation of the sculp-ture described for the spire. Aperture broadly obliquely oval ; peri-stome double, the inner strongly exserted and reflected; the outermoderately broadly expanded, adnate, and appressed to the precedingturn. Operculum typically adelopomid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516034, comes from Santa Maria, CostaRica, at an altitude of 1,550 meters. It has 6 whorls and measures
:
Height, 2.3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. U.S.N.M. No. 516035 contains9 topotypes.This species is distinguished from A. occidentale (Guppy) by beinga little slenderer and having fewer axial ribs; these, too, are lessworn at the summit and near the periphery than on the middle, whichis not true of occidentale.
THE CYCIiOPHO'RlD LAA^D MOLLUSKS OF AMEKTCA 151ADELOPOMA OCCIDENTALE (Guppy)Plate 40, Figure 6We have described this species from Trinidad (p. 52)
.
Specimens indistinguishable from it were obtained by the BondVenezuelan Expedition of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia in 1911, at Cariaquita, Venezuela. They are registered asA.N.S.R No. 105193 and U.S.N.M. No. 536008.Cariaquita is not far from the Island of Trinidad, and it is notsurprising that the species should extend to this locality.Subfamily Amphicyclotinae Kobelt and MollendorffFor the characters of this subfamily, refer to p. 52.KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY AMPHICYCLOTINAESpiral sculpture strong.Shell discoid BuckleyiaShell not discoid.Shell helicoid.Shell with a notch at base of columella LagocyclusShell without a notch at base of columella.Shell with two spiral keels on umbilical wall FilocyclusShell without spiral keels on umbilical wall? CalaperostomaSpiral sculpture absent or obsolete.Peristome reflected CyrtotomaPeristome not reflected.Posterior angle of aperture with a strong keel BarbacyclusPosterior angle of aperture without a strong keel.Shell smooth CalacyclotusShell not smooth but with axial sculpture only.Axial sculpture not vermiculated.Axial sculpture vertical MexcyclotusAxial sculpture retractive MegacyclotusAxial sculpture vermiculated AmphicyclotusGenus BUCKLEYIA Higgins1872. Biickleyia Higgins, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 86.1873. Buckleya Mousson, Malak. Blatter, vol. 21, p. 17.Amphicyclotine shells of a discoid shape, having the upper andlower side almost identical in all features. Operculum with the edgeof the outer turns upturned as flakelike elements.Type: Aperostotna {Buckleyia) montezumi 'H.iggms= Buckleyiamartinezi (Hidalgo).Distribution: Colombia and Ecuador.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BUCKLEYIASpiral keels 2 bicinctaSpiral keels 4.Spiral keels strong martineziSpiral keels weak bifasciata
152 BULLETUN 181, XINIT'EiD STATE? NlAlTTOOSriAlL MUSEIUMBUCKLEYIA BICINCTA, new speciesPlate 19, Figures 13-15Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface,dark olive-green with vvhitish axial bands, which are rather irregu-lar in outline and of varying width but of rather regular spacing.The nucleus consists of almost one turn, which is followed by aportion having spiral threads, and this in turn is succeeded by apart which has 2 strong keels at a considerable distance anterior andposterior to the periphery. The slightly rounded space between thesetwo keels is marked by 22 slender spiral threads, as well as incremen-tal lines. On the upper surface there is a moderately strong spiralthread almost median between the supraperipheral keel and thesuture. There are 20 slender hairlines between this and the supra-peripheral keel, and 18 between it and the suture on the upper sur-face. On the lower surface there is a sunilar arrangement, 22 spiralthreads being present between the strong subperipheral keel andthe median cord and 16 between it and the suture. Suture well im-pressed, showing the spiral keel on both the upper and lower surface.Aperture with the upper and lower lip evenly curved; the outerlip is less arched and rendered eared by the two spiral keels. Theparietal lip corresponds in arching to the outer.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316063, comes from Ecuador withoutspecific locality designation. It has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height,5.2 mm., greater diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm.The strong 2-keeled aspect of the shell readily differentiates thisfrom the other two species.BUCKLEYIA MARTINEZI (Hidalgo)Plate 19, Figuees 19-211866. CyclopJiorus martinezi Hidalgo, Journ. Conchy!., vol. 14, p. 273, pi. 8, fig. 5.1872. Aperostoma (Buckleyia) montezumi Higgins, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,1872, p. 686, pi. 56, fig. 7.1873. BucJcleya martinezi Mousson, Malakoz. Blatter, vol. 21, p. 17.Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface,sides olive-green with paler axial bands; these vary considerably inwidth and spacing. The nucleus consists of a fraction of a turn andis smooth. This is followed by a spirally Urate portion, which inturn is succeeded by a part bearing 4 strong keels, which are of aboutequal strength and spacing. Two of these are on each side of theperiphery and the other two separated from them by a space as wideas the one that separates these two keels, one above and the otherbelow on the base. The spaces between these keels are concave andmarked by several fine spiral threads and rather strong threadlike
TUB CYCIxOPHORI'D LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 153incremental lines. Between the suture and the first strong keel, alittle nearer to the latter, there is another spiral thread on the dorsalsurface, which is materially stronger than the fine spiral hairlines cov-ering the rest of the whorl in this region. Of these fine spiral hair-lines, 19 are present between the suture and the stronger threadand 17 between that and the first strong keel, in the specimen whichwe are figuring. On the ventral side there is also a median strongerthread corresponding to one on the upper side and between thisand the suture 19 spiral hairlines are present, while the space be-tween this and the first strong keel bears 15 spiral hairlines. Thesuture is strongly channeled on both the upper and the lower surface,and shows the spiral keel. Aperture circular; peristome simple,rendered fluted on the peripheral side. Operculum with centralnucleus, many whorls with the outer edge of the later whorls up-turned and projecting as flakelike elements.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 420868, bearsthe locality label "Ecuador." It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height,7.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 24.7 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.9 mm.The four strong keels readily differentiate this from the other spe-cies here discussed. BUCKLEYIA BIFASCIATA MonssonPIATE3 19, FlGTTRES 16-181873. Buckleya Mfiasciata Mousson, Malak. Blatter, vol. 21, p. 17.1875. Buckleya bifasciata Pfeiffer, Nov. Conch., vol. 4, p. 132, pi. 129, figs. 15-18.1876. Cyclophorus hifasciata Pfeiffek, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tiurn, vol. 4, p. 122.1897. Buckleyia bifasciata Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface,of olivaceous ground color, marked with darker spiral zones of vary-ing width. There are two broad paler bands at some little distanceabove and below the periphery, which are edged with darker zones,which consist of a series of interrupted elongated beadlike elements.The ground color is not uniform but has a marbled effect. Thenuclear whorls consist of a smooth fraction of a turn followed by a por-tion bearing spiral hairlines and this in turn is succeeded by whorls thathave 4 low rounded cords (not keels), the space between the twocentral ones being wider than that which separates the two adjacentto these. The central ones are equally distant from the periphery.Between the central ones 8 spiral threads are present, while betweenthe two cords on the dorsal surface 5 spiral threads are present.The rest of the dorsal surface also bears spiral threads, of which13 are present on the anterior half of the turns, while on the pos-
154 BULLETM 181, UNTTEiD SITATE? NlATTIOiNlAIL MUSlEtUMterior half they are obsolete. On the ventral surface 7 fine spiral linesare present between the two cords and 12 on the anterior third of therest of the whorls, while posterior to this the spiral sculpture isobsolete. Suture well impressed, showing the spiral cord. Aperturealmost circular, slightly compressed dorsoventrally ; peristome simple.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 414156, wascollected by H. Daniel at Jerico, Antioquia, Colombia. It has 4.4whorls and measures: Height, 7.5 mm.; greater diameter, 23 mm.;lesser diameter, 17 mm.The weaker keels and the two strong color bands readily distinguishthis species from B. martinezi (Hidalgo).LAGOCYCLUS, new genusAmphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape, with spiral striations orlirations. There is a notch in the peristome at the junction of theinner and basal lip, which becomes bridged over behind the peristometo form a conspicuous keel extending over all the whorls.Type: Lagocyclus crosseantos (Hidalgo).Distribution : Ecuador and Peru.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LAGOCYCLUSStrong spiral threads present on last whorl.Subperipheral spiral threads present.Spiral cords strong and regular antoniSpiral cords weak and irregular haematommusSubperipheral spiral threads absent crosseanusStrong spiral threads absent on last whorl.Shell large, greater diameter 30.6 mm vasconesiShell smaller, greater diameter 21.0 mm bartlettiLAGOCYCLUS ANTONI (Cousin)Plate 20, Figures 6-81887. CyclopJiorus antonii Cousin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1887, p. 85, pi. 4, fig. 4.Shell rather small, covered with an olivaceous epidermis ; when thisis denuded the shell is soiled white on the last turn, the rest of theturns being rosy red. The nucleus consists of about one turn, which issmooth. The postnuclear whorls are marked by spiral cords of which7 are present on the next to the last whorl and 8 on the last. Onthis there is also a finer thread between the heavier cords. In addi-tion to this, the spire is marked by fine incremental lines. Suturemoderately impressed. Periphery rounded. Base somewhat inflated,well rounded, and marked with 3 spiral cords equaling those of thespire immediately below the periphery, and a broad heavy keel mark-ing the outer edge of the umbilicus. The arched space between this
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSOKS OF AMERICA 155keel and the spiral cords is marked by obsolete spiral threads andcoarse incremental lines. The spiral keel marking the outer edge ofthe umbilicus terminates in a notch at the peristome. The umbilicusis moderately broad and open to the tip. Its wall is marked by rib-like incremental lines. Aperture somewhat oblique, almost circular;peristome simple, notched at the umbilical cord, the parietal wallcovered with a moderately thick callus. Operculum unknown.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 523512, wasreceived from Sowerby & Fulton with the locality label "Ecuador."It has 5 whorls and measures : Height, 11 mm. ; greater diameter, 18.7mm.; lesser diameter, 13.9 mm.The presence of spiral cords below the periphery readily distin-guishes this species from L. crosseanus (Hidalgo).LAGOCYCLUS HAEMATOMMA (Pfeiffer)Plate 20, Fiqubes 1-3 ; Plate 41, Figures 1-31862. Cyclophorus haematomma Pfeiffee, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 276.1863. Cyclophorus haematomma Pfeiffer, Nov. Conch., vol. 2, p. 217, pi. 57, figs.12-14.1897. Amphicyclotiis haematomma Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus haematomma Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 924, pi. 138, figs. 10-12.Shell helicoid, the early whorls bright brown, gradually fading toflesh color on the last turn. The nucleus consists of about one turn,which is well rounded and smooth. The first postnuclear whorl isalso rounded and smooth, but the succeeding turns are well roundedand marked by spiral threads which vary considerably in size. Ofthese 7 are present on the third and fourth turns and 15 between thesummit and the periphery on the last whorl. In addition to this theupper surface is marked by regular lines of growth which lend it asomewhat rough aspect. Suture moderately well impressed. Periph-ery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded. Theposterior third is marked by 4 strong spiral cords equaling those onthe spire. Anterior to this there are microscopic spiral lines. Thereis a strong axial keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus andslightly notching the aperture. The umbilical wall is marked bycoarse lines of growth. Aperture oblique, subcircular, slightlyauriculated at the posterior angle and notched at the basal cord. Theperistome is slightly thickened on the inner lip.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 536032, is marked
"Ecuador," without specific locality. It has 5.4 whorls and measures
:
Height, 14.6 mm.; greater diameter, 20.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.4mm. Height of aperture, 8.4 mm.; diameter, 8.5 mm.
156 BULLETIQSr 181, UNITE? STATElS NlAOOiNiAL MUSlEfUML. haematomma is nearest related to L. antoni (Cousin), fromwhich its finer, irregular spiral threads readily distinguish it.LAGOCYCLUS CROSSEANUS (Hidalgo)Plate 20, Figures 9-111866. Cyclophorus crosseanus Hidalgo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 343, pi. 14,fig. 1.1897. Amphicyclotus crosseanus Kobelt, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29,p. 139.Shell of helicoid outline, covered with an olive-brown periostracum,white when this is removed, the basal portion being considerablydarker than the spire. There is also a subperipheral chestnut-brownband present, which gradually fades toward the base. The nucleusconsists of about one turn and is smooth. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by spiral cords, of which 7 are present on the first and second,8 on the third, and 12 on the last whorl between the summit and theperiphery. These cords are a little less strong near the summit andstronger at the periphery. In addition to this the spire is markedby fine incremental lines. Suture strongly impressed. Peripheryrendered angulated by a spiral cord. Base strongly rounded andmarked by incremental lines only. There is a strong spiral keel atthe outer edge of the umbilicus, w^hich terminates in a notch at theperistome. Umbilicus moderately broadly openly umbilicated, itswall marked by almost riblike incremental lines. Aperture slightlyoblique, circular ; peristome simple, except the notch referred to above
;
parietal wall covered with a thin callus. Operculum corneous.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307412, was re-ceived from Sowerby and Fulton with the locality label "Ecuador."It has 5.2 whorls and measures : Height, 14.7 mm. ; greater diameter,22.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.0 mm.This species is readily distinguished from L. antoni (Cousin) bylacking the spiral threads on the posterior base.LAGOCYCLUS VASCONESI (Jousseaume)Plate 20, Figubes 12-141897. Cyclophorus vesconesi Joitsseaumb, Le Naturaliste, vol. 19, p. 250.1898. Cyclophorus vasconesi Jousseaume, Le Naturaliste, vol. 20, p. 81 (cor-rection).1899. Amphicyclotus vesconesi Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136.Shell of helicoid outline, covered with a chestnut-brown periostra-cum on the later turns; the early turns are reddish. It is a littlepaler on the underside than on the spire, and there is a light zone atthe periphery bordered by a moderately broad dark band anterior to
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAJSTD MOLLUSlKS OF AMERICA 157
this. In addition there are obscure darker spiral lines on the upperwhorls. The nucleus consists of about one smooth turn followed bywhorls which bear 5 moderately strong spiral cords, which are ofequal strength and spacing. The space between the first of these andthe summit is about three times as wide as that separating the cords.On the last whorl, however, these spiral cords disappear. In additionto this the shell is marked by incremental lines. Suture moderatelyimpressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately convex, markedby incremental lines only. A strong spiral cord limits the umbilicusat its outer edge, terminating in a notch at the peristome. The um-bilicus is moderately broad, and its wall is marked by riblike incre-mental lines. Aperture slightly oblique, almost circular, producedinto an angle at the posterior angle and notched at the base of thecolumella ; peristome simple. Operculum unknown.The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No.316107, bearing the locality label "Ecuador." It has 5.4 whorls andmeasures : Height, 22.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 30.6 . mm. ; lesserdiameter, 23.2 mm.The large size readily distinguishes this species from L. hartletti(H. Adams). LAGOCYCLUS BARTLETTI (H. Adams)Plate 20, Figures 4, 51870. Aperosfoma lartletti H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S70, p. 375, pi. 27,figs. 1, la.1876. Cyclotus hartletti Pfeiffee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 4, p. 35.1897. Neocijdotus (Neocyclotus) hartletti Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) hartletti H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 32.Shell depressed, broadly umbilicated, solid, closely plicately striate,yellowish white below the epidermis with a white band at the suture.Spire moderately elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, moderatelyconvex, the last with a prominent rib boundmg the umbilicus;aperture oblique, subcircular, white within; peristome continuous,simple, subacute, angulatedly produced above, canaliculate at thecolumellar end. Operculum ? Height, 14 mm. ; greater diameter, 21mm. ; lesser diameter, 19 mm.As we have not seen shells of this species, we copy Adams' figureand give a translation of his description.It was collected by E. Bartlett in eastern Peru.FILOCYCLUS, new genusShell helicoid, marked by feeble spiral grooves and quite strongincremental lines. The umbilical wall bears two strong spiral keels.428349?42 11
158 BULLETaOSf 181, UNITED STATES NlATIONlAiL MUSlEfUMType: Filocyclus delphinulus (Mousson).Distribution: Northern South America.FILOCYCLUS DELPHINULUS (Mousson)Plate 19, Figuees 10-121869. Cyclopkorus delpJiinulus Mousson, Malak. Blatter, vol. IG, p. 180,1875. Cyclophorus delphinulus Pfeiffee, Nov. Conch., vol. 4, p. 130, pi. 129,figs. 7-10.1897. Amphicyclotus delpMnulus Kobelt and Moixendosff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus delphinulus Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 915, pi. 134, figs. 1-4.Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed-subdiscoid, spirally indis-tinctly sulcate, whitish, with two bands, one above and the other belowthe suture, which are dark brown and shining, and another chalkyzone below the suture. Spire elevated, the tip rather prominent andhorn colored. Suture subappressed, not deep. Wliorls 5.5, increas-ing moderately in size, quite convex, flattened or subconcave at thesuture ; the last not descending, slightly concave above, then rounded,not angulated, with the two cords on the umbilical wall, the spacebetween which is flattish and axially striate. Aperture scarcelyoblique, subcircular, angulated above, showing the banding within.Peristome straight, acute, the margins approximated and joined bya thin callus; the outer lip arched and protracted, angulated at theposterior angle. The basal and columellar lip subsinuate, somewhatobtuse. Umbilicus broadly open, equaling one-half the diameter ofthe shell. Operculum corneous, thin, a little concave with closelyspaced ragged whorls. Height, 12 mm.; greater diameter, 20 mm.;lesser diameter, 17 mm.The above is a translation of Mousson's description, to which headds: This species, for which we unfortunately have no definitelocality, resembles the peculiar C, cumingi Sowerby, but it is smallerand has somewhat higher whorls but what peculiarly distinguishesit from that is the coloring and sculpture. The first consists of asoiled white base upon which 2 blackish brown shining zones arepresent, the upper of which is more distantly removed from thesuture than is the case in cumingi. A chalk-white dull band is presentimmediately below the suture, and the rest of the upper white sur-face is dull. The entire surface is crossed by delicate spiral grooveswhich are scarcely discernible on the dark bands. The whorls curveslightly downward at the summit, toward the suture; and finallythe umbilical wall shows two threadlike cords separated by a flat orslightly convex space. All the dull portion, particularly in theregion of the umbilicus, is marked by strong incremental lines. O.
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK8 OF AMERICA 159
cumingi, on the other hand, is marked on the entire upper surfacewith equally strong spiral grooves which decrease in both directionsfrom the periphery, and form no cords on the umbilical wall.The shells described by Mousson were collected by Gustav Wallisin northern South America. He collected in parts of Colombia,Ecuador, and the Amazon region, according to Mousson's introductoryremarks. We have seen nothing like it. The spiral cords in theumbilicus in a measure suggest Lagocyclus^ which has only a singlekeel. Genus CALAPEROSTOMA Pilsbry1935. Calaperostoma Pilsbkt, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 87, p. 4.Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, spirally banded, havingspiral threads on spire and base, but not on the umbilical wall.Operculum corneous, with the outer edge of the whorls upturned,more or less regular, and marked by hairlike radial threads.G. hidalgoi (Crosse) has the radula formula 3:3:3:2, and the jawis without a median projection.Type: Cdiaperostotna cumingi (Sowerby).Distribution: Panama to Peru.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALAPEROSTOMA ^Spiral sculpture of last whorl strong.Posterior angle of aperture decidedly auriculate.Shell large, greater diameter 48 mm esmeraldenseShell smaller, greater diameter 32 mm rosenbergiPosterior angle of aperture not auricula ted.Spiral keels evenly distributed on spire.Spiral keels on upper surface of last whorl 5 guayaquilenseSpiral keels on upper surface of last whorl morethan 10.Shell very large, diameter more than 45 mm purumShell smaller, diameter less than 35 mm.Suture impressed.Greater diameter more than 25 mm.chanchapoyasenseGreater diameter less than 20 mm bourcieriSuture not impressed pittieriSpiral keels not evenly distributed on spire.Greater diameter more than 35 mm nigrofasciatumGreater diameter less than 25 mm leaiSpiral sculpture of last whorl not strong.Umbilicus axially ribbed.Greater diameter more than 40 mm cousiniGreater diameter less than 30 mm hidalgoiUmbilicus not axially ribbed cumingi
1 0. ortignyi (Ancey) from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, is not included in this keybecause of insufficient data.
160 BULLETIiN 181, UNITE? SfTATES NlAlTTOOSnAlL MTJSlEIUMCALAPEROSTOMA ESMERALDENSE (Miller)Plate 20, FiGxntB 181879, Cyclophorus esmeraldcnsis Miller, Malak. Blatter, new ser. vol. 1, p. 142,pi. 15, fig. 3.1897. Amphici/clotus esmeraldensis Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus esmeraldcnsis Kobext, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabi-net, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 920, pi. 138, fig. 2.Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, solid, white, reddish at theapex. Base pearly. Periostracum dark chestnut. Spire conic, littleelevated. Whorls 5.5, or possibly 6, convex, the first 3.5 smooth, thefollowing finely striated above and deeply impressedly sulcate at theperiphery, with a broad smooth band at the suture. The base aboutthe funnel-shaped umbilicus is axially plicate. The last whorl issubcompressed above and rounded on the base. Aperture oblique,not descending, transversely elliptical, broadly incised above (sinuous)with the outer lip produced and depressed ; peristome simple, moder-ately thick and continuous. Operculum?The type was collected by Wolf in the Province of Esmeraldas,Ecuador. It measures: Height, 22 mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm.;lesser diameter, 40 mm.To the above, which is a translation of Miller's Latin description.Miller adds : The single specimen was discovered by Wolf in the driftof the Rio Cachabi. It had evidently been derived from the more ele-vated forests. The periostracum is only partly present on the upperside. It is therefore impossible to say what the color of the almostsmooth band below the suture, which is marked only by lines ofgrowth, may have been. The underside may have been paler. Therewas no operculum with it.Miller's figure shows that the aperture is drawn out into a decidedauricle at the posterior angle, in which respect it resembles mostnearly C. rosenhergi (Da Costa).We have not seen specimens referable to this species.CALAPEROSTOMA ROSENBERGI (Da Costa)Plate 20, Fig-dbes 15-171898. Cyclophorus rosenbergi Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 3, p.82, pi. 6, fig. 9.1899. Amphicyclotus rosenbergi Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136.1912. Amphicyclotus rosenbergi Kobext, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 924, pi. 138, figs. 13-15.Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed-orbicular, burned chestnutabove, yellowish chestnut below. Spire depressed-conic; apex
THE CYCI.O'PH0RiID LA]S"D MOLLUSCS OF AMERI'CiA 161
smooth. Wliorls 5, flattened near the suture, marked above byrounded plicate corrugations and rounded narrow spiral lirations.The last whorl is obtusely angailated at the periphery, smooth aboutthe umbilicus. Aperture obliquely circular; peristome simple, pro-foundly sinuated at the suture. Operculum corneous with closelyspaced whorls which are ragged at the periphery. Height, 20 mm.
;
greater diameter, 32 mm. ; lesser diameter, 25 mm.The type came from Cachabi, Ecuador.The above is a translation of Da Costa's description. He adds:"A very interesting shell, distinguished from any other species ofthis genus, in that it has at the juncture of the aperture and thelast whorl a deep sinuation, similar in character to that of Ptero-cyclos; the upper surface of the shell resembles that of C. Vesconesi,also from Ecuador, and described by M. Jousseaume in Le Natural-iste for November 1897 but it differs in the form of the umbilicusas well as in the sinuation which forms a peculiar feature in the newspecies. I have much pleasure in naming it after Mr. Eosenberg,its discoverer."We have not seen specimens of this species. Da Costa's figureshows the aperture drawn out to form a decided auricle at the poste-rior angle, in which respect it resembles C. esmeraldense (Miller),from which its much smaller size will at once distinguish it.CALAPEROSTOMA GUAYAQUILENSE (Sowerby)Plate 20, Figuke 191850. Cyclostoma guayaquilcnse Soweeby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1,Suppl., p. 163*, pi. 31B, fig. 219.1852. Cyclophorus guayaquilensis Pfehter, Monographia pneumonopomorumviventium, vol. 1, p. 95.1861. Cyclophorus guayaquilensis Reexe, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13, sp. 79.1897. Amphicyclotus guayaquilensis Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb, deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus guayaquilensis Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchlien Cabi-net, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 931, pi. 42, figs. 21-22.
"Shell depressedly subglobose, of a dull fulvous colour, with brownspiral lines; spire slightly acuminated, short, with a rather obtuserufous apex; volutions four, rounded; suture distinct; aperture cir-cular; peritreme thin; umbilicus large, smooth, only marked withextremely slender lines of growth. Guayaquil."This is a small species with very strong spiral keels, of whichSowerby's figure shows 3 between the summit and periphery on thelast whorl.We have not seen specimens of it.
162 BULLETIN 181, UlSriTEiD SITATEiS NIAITTO'ISIIAL MUSEfUMCALAPEROSTOMA PURUM (Forbes)Plate 20, FiGimES 20, 211850. Cyclostoma ptirum Foebes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 9.Shell orbicular, depressed, white, somewhat shining. The apex isslightly reflected, yellowish. Whorls 6, rounded, spirally sulcate.Sulci numerous, transversely striate. Aperture subcircular, oblique.Peritreme simple. Umbilicus very broad. Operculum?Height, 17 mm. ; greater diameter, 48 mm.Forbes does not cite a locality with his description. In his intro-duction he says that the specimens he described were obtained duringthe surveying voyage of the Harald and Pandora, which coveredvarious points between the coast of Ecuador and Vancouver Island,Galapagos, and Pitcairn Islands, and the Sandwich Islands.The character of the shell would mark it as a South Americanspecies.Its large size and depressed form readily distinguish it from theother members of the genus.We have seen no specimens of this species and give Forbes' descrip-tion and reproduce his figure.CALAPEROSTOMA CHANCHAPOYASENSE (Da Costa)Plate 21, Figttkes 4-61906. Amphicyclotus chanchapoyasensis Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London,vol. 7, p. 9, pi. 1, figs. 11-13.1912. Amphicyclotus chanchopoyasensis Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz ConchylienCabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 916, pi. 134, figs. 16-18.Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum.The spiral cords and the axial riblets at irregular distances are darkbrown, thus giving to the surface of the shell a somewhat fenestratedappearance. The nucleus consists of about one smooth turn, which isfollowed by whorls that show low rounded raised spiral threads, ofwhich 9 are present on the next to the last whorl and 12 betweenthe summit and the suture on the last whorl. In addition to thesespiral threads the whorls are marked by strong incremental lines,which are almost riblike in places, as well as by finer lines of growth.Suture strongly impressed, almost channeled. Periphery stronglyrounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by 12 spiralcords, which grow successively weaker from the periphery towardthe umbilicus. The umbilical wall shows very feeble spiral threads.In addition to this the entire base and umbilical wall are marked byaxial sculpture resembing that of the spire. Base very broadlyopenly umbilicated, showing all the whorls. Aperture oblique, cir-cular, somewhat protracted at the posterior angle ; peristome simple.Operculum with central nucleus having about 12 whorls, the upturned
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMEIRIOA 163
edge of which is raggedly fringed; the elements composing it areretractively striate.U. S. N. M. No. 250743 contains 2 specimens, received fromHerman Rolle, bearing the label "Chanchamayo, Peru." They have,respectively, 5.4 and 5.2 whorls, and measure : Height, 15.5 and 15.3mm.; greater diameter, 27.0 and 24.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.3and 18.3 mm., respectively.This species appears nearest related to C. hourcieri (Pfeiffer),from which it can be readily distinguished by its much coarsersculpture and larger size.CALAPEROSTOMA BOURCIERI (Pfeiffer)Plate 21, Figures 1-31852. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) hourcieri Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,1852, p. 151.1852. Cyclophorus hourcieri Pfeiffee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 1, p. 95.1853. Cyclostoma hourcieri Pfeiffer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 243, pi. 32, figs. 5-7.1861. Cyclophorus hourcieri Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13, sp. 74.1897. Amphicyclotus hourcieri Kobelt and Moixendokff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, pale chestnut-brown, a little darkeron the spiral threads and some of the axial ribs. The extreme apexhas a faint reddish tinge. The nucleus consists of about one smoothturn; the succeeding turns are marked by low, rounded, rather broadspiral threads, of which 8 are present between the summit and theperiphery. These spiral threads are less strong near the summitand gradually increase in strength toward the periphery. The axialsculpture consists of strong incremental lines, which assume almostthe strength of riblets. Suture strongly impressed, almost channeled.Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, strongly rounded,and marked by the continuation of the incremental lines which hereare a little less strong than on the spire and spiral threads which arequite feeble and absent on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus equalsabout one-third of the diameter of the shell. Aperture decidedlyoblique, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome simple,Avith a strong callus covering the parietal wall. Operculum withcentral nucleus, concave on the outside and convex on the inside,with a slender knob on the center of the inside. The outside showsabout 10 whorls, the outer edge of which is slightly fringed.U.S.N.M. No. 307411 contains 2 specimens from Quito, Ecuador.They are of about the same size ; the one figured has 4.5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 11.9 mm.; greater diameter, 18.5 mm.; lesser diam-eter, 14.3 mm.
164 BTJLLiETinsr 181, UlSPITED SfTATES NiAn?TOiisnAa:. ivrusiE'UMThe impressed suture allies this species with G. chanchapoyasense(Da Costa), from which the smaller size and feebler sculpture willreadily distinguish it.CALAPEROSTOMA PITTIERI, new speciesPlate 21, Figuees 7-9Shell depressed-helicoid ; color of periostracum ? The denuded shellis white, the early whorls reddish. The nucleus consists of a little morethan one smooth turn, the succeeding turns being marked by spiralcords, which are of almost equal strength and spacing. Of these, 16are present between the summit and the suture on the last two turns.The spaces separating these cords are considerably wider than thecords. In addition to this the whorls are marked by fine, closely spaced,hairlike incremental lines. Suture rendered inconspicuous by theappressed summit. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated,strongly rounded and marked by 17 spiral cords equaling those on thespire. In addition to the spiral cords the base also shows the incre-mental lines equaling those on the spire. The umbilicus is broadlyopen and marked by riblike incremental lines and is free from spiralcords. Aperture decidedly oblique, subcircular, feebly auriculated atthe posterior angle; peristome simple, that of the parietal wall coveredwith a thick callus. Operculum ?The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523513, was collected by H. Pittier inPanama. It has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 18.0 mm.; greaterdiameter, 32.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 24.4 mm.U.S.N.M, No. 228670 contains 4 topotypes, the smallest of whichmeasures : Height, 15.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.3 and lesser diameter,10.3 mm., and has 5.8 whorls. The largest has 6 whorls and measures
:
Height, 20.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 33,8 mm.. ; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm.This species differs from C. hourcleri (Pfeiffer) in being muchlarger and in having the summit of the whorls appressed.CALAPEROSTOMA NIGROFASCIATUM (Miller)Plate 21, Figukes 13-151879. Cyclophorus nigrofasciatus Muxer, Malak. BUitter, new ser. vol. 1, p. 142,pi. 7, fig. 5.1897. AmphicyGlottis nigrofasciatus Kobext and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus nigrofasciatus Kobext, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet.vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 921, pi. 138, figs. 3-5.Shell rather large, helicoid. "When decorticated white with the earlywhorls rose-red. In the specimen before us some of the periostracumremains and shows the broad dark chestnut brown band a little dis-tance below the summit and a narrow thread covering the rib immedi-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMElRICiA 165
ately below the periphery. A few indications near the aperture wouldlead us to believe that in perfect specimens all the spiral threads aredarker than the ground color. The sculpture consists of stronglyraised narrow spiral cords, which are not regularly distributed, butwhich are absent on the posterior half between the summit and theperiphery. On the anterior half in the specimen figured 8 keels arepresent, which are not quite of equal spacing and are separated bydeeply impressed concave grooves. The summit of the whorls isappressed; the suture therefore is inconspicuous. Periphery wellrounded. Base inflated, well rounded and marked by 13 spiral keelsof about the same strength and spacing as those on the spire. Thelast three near the edge of the umbilicus are very weak, while the spacesseparating these keels are concave and, like those on the spire, markedby numerous hairlike incremental lines. The umbilicus is broad andits wall is marked by riblike axial incremental lines. Aperture broadlyovate, narrowly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome thin,rendered slightly fluted on the outer and basal lip by the ribs on theoutside. Operculum corneous with central nucleus and with thelamella fimbriated at the outer margin.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 523514, was col-lected by Oscar Haught on the road between Quevedo and Quito,Ecuador, at an altitude of about 500 meters. It has 6 whorls andmeasures : Height, 21.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 36.8 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 27.3 mm.It belongs to the group of C. leai^ from which its much larger sizewill readily distinguish it.CALAPEROSTOMA LEAI, new namePlate 21, Figubes 17-191834. Cydostoma striata Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 5, p. 196, pi. 19,fig. 77 (not C. striatum Sowerby, A catalogue of the shells contained inthe collection of the . . . Earl of Tankerville, p. 41, 1825; or C. striataQuoy and Gaimard, Voyage de la corvette VAstrolabe . . ., Zool. vol. 2, p.186, 1832).Shell depressed-helicoid of whitish ground color with spiral bandsof brown. These dark bands consist of a broad zone at some littledistance from the summit and the tops of the spiral cords. The earlywhorls are rose colored. The nucleus consists of about 2 smooth turns
;
the remaining whorls are marked by strong spiral cords excepting thewhite zone near the summit, which is free of them. The dark zonebelow this has 4 feeble cords, and anterior to this 6 additional muchstronger cords are present. In addition to this the spire is markedby decidedly retractively curved, rather coarse incremental lines.Suture inconspicuous. Periphery rendered slightly angulated by the
166 BULIiETIN 181, UNITED SfTATEiS NlATTOiNlAL MUSEUM
spiral keel. Base well rounded and marked by 14 subequal spiralkeels, which are of about the same strength and spacing as those onthe spire, and by the continuation of the incremental lines. Umbilicusmoderately broad, marked by rather strong, riblike incremental lines.Aperture oblique, broadly oval; peristome simple, thin. Operculumcorneous with central nucleus, the outer having the outer whorlupturned and fimbriated.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 104651, is Lea's type of whichhe says
:
"This shell was brought by Lfc. Humphreys from South America."It has 5.5 whorls and measures : Height, 14.4 mm. ; greater diameter,22.4 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 104652 contains three additional specimens collectedby Cuming at Jumaco, western Colombia. U.S.N.M. No. 535747 con-tains another specimen without locality data.In banding this species recalls G. nigrofasciatum (Miller), fromwhich its small size will at once distinguish it.CALAPEROSTOMA COUSINI (Jousseaurae)Plate 21, FiGimE 161884. Cyclophorus cousini Jousseaxjme, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 173, pi. 4,fig. 13.1897. Amphicyclotns cousini Kobelt and Mollendokff, Naobrb. deutschen malak.,Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1912. Amphicyclotus cousini Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, part 3, p. 929, pi. 141, fig. 1.Shell openly umbilicated, depressed-helicoid, rather heavy withtraces of a chestnut brown periostracum, whitish. Upper whorls red-dish, smooth ; those succeeding marked with more or less spiral sculp-ture. The last has a broad shining white zone immediately below thesuture, upon which most of the periostracal remnants are conserved,marked by spiral cords and axial riblets in the umbilicus. The shellhas 6 whorls, of which the upper increase regularly in size; the lastincreases rapidly in size and is decurrent at the aperture. Aperturealmost circular, somewhat compressed dorsally, forming a slightauricle at the posterior angle, shining, thin ; peristome smooth, thick,slightly effuse, with a marked callus on the parietal wall. Height:23 mm. ; greater diameter, 43 mm. ; lesser diameter, 35 mm.Type locality: Near Pailon, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.We have not seen this species and have given a translation ofJousseaume's description from Kobelt's citation (loc. cit.) and havecopied Kobelt's figure.The strong ribbing on the umbilical wall allies this with C. hidalgoi(Crosse), from which it is readily distinguished by its much largersize.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND M0LLUS1K9 OF AMERICA 167CALAPEROSTOMA HIDALGOI (Crosse)Plate 21, Figubes 10-121866. Ct/clophorus hidalgoi Ceosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 354, pi. 14 fig. 4.1897. Amphicyclotus hidalgoi Kobelt and Moixendoket, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, a little paler on the early whorls. Nuclearwhorls almost 2, smooth; the succeeding turns well rounded andmarked by low, rounded spiral cords,, of which 8 are present on thepenultimate turn. These cords disappear on the last half of thelast turn. They are a little narrower than the spaces that separatethem, and the first is at a little distance below the summit. The axialsculpture consists of coarse incremental lines, which are almost rib-like. Those on the last whorl near the summit produce a series offeeble elongated nodules. Periphery well rounded. Base wellrounded and marked by 8 weak, very low spiral cords, which areseparated by mere impressed darker lines. The umbilicus is broadand its wall is marked by strong axial ribs. Aperture subcircular,oblique, slightly angulated at the posterior angle, bluish whitewithin; peristome simple. Operculum corneous, with central nu-cleus, concave externally with a central papillus on the inside.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 316134, is onefrom the Cuming collection from New Granada (Colombia). It has5 whorls and measures: Height, 15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 25.9mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.4 mm.This species resembles G. cousini (Jousseaume) by having the spiralsculpture on the upper surface evanescent on the last turn, and byhaving the umbilical wall axially ribbed; it differs from it in beingmuch smaller. CALAPEROSTOMA CUMINGI (Sowerby)Plate 21, Figubes 20-221832. Cyclostoma cumingii Soweeby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 32.1842. Cyclostoma cumingii Reeve, Couchologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pi. 85,fig. 19.1843. Cyclostoma cumingii Soweeby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, p. 108, pi. 24,figs. 68, 69, 69*.1847. Cyclophorus cumingii Pfehtee, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 1081848. Cyclostoma cumingii Pfeiffeb^ Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, p. 82, pi. 12, figs. 1-3.1897. Amphicyclotus cumingii Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb. deutschenMalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1935. Aperostoma (Calaperostoma) cumingii Pilsbet, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia, vol. 87, p. 4.Shell very large, depressed-helicoid, ground color soiled white;the early turns rose-red. There is a very broad chestnut-brown zone
168 BULnETTN 181, UNITED STATES NlAnPEONlAJL MUSEUMcovering the upper surface of the whorls, except for a white band atthe summit and at the suture. The nucleus consists of almost 2 turns,which are smooth. The postnuclear whorls are marked by spiralthreads, of which 7 are present on the anterior half of the whorls;on the posterior half there are indications of more, but they gradu-ally evanesce toward the summit. On the last half of the last whorlthey become completely obsolete. In addition to this there are micro-scopic spiral lirations. The incremental lines are decidedly obliqueand moderately strong, and rather irregular on the last turn. Suturerendered inconspicuous by the appressed summit of the whorls.Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, andmarked by 13 spiral threads between the periphery and the edge ofthe umbilicus. These are decidedly stronger than those on spire andcontinue to the peristo,me. The base is broadly open and umbilicatedand the umbilical wall is marked by incremental lines. Aperturebroadly pear shaped, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle; peri-stome slightly reflected, simple. Operculum with central nucleus,slightly concave ; the outer edge of the whorls is marked by lacinations,which are striated.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307420, comesfrom the Island of Tumaco, Colombia. It has 6.4 whorls and meas-ures: Height, 27 mm,; greater diameter, 45,8 mm,; lesser diameter,34,5 mm.The huge size of this species readily distinguishes it from theother members that have the spiral cords obsolete on the last turn.CALAPEROSTOMA ORBIGNYI (Ancey)1892. Cyclophorus orhignyi Ancey, Journ. Conch., vol, 7, p. 94.1897. Amphicyclotus orbignyi Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb, deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell depressed-discoid, broadly openly umbilicated, solid, soiledwhite below a deciduous fulvous periostracum, reddish on the earlyturns, rough or shining. Spire slightly elevated, the apex small,inconspicuous. Whorls 5, increasing regularly and rapidly in size,convex. Suture deep, the first three whorls smooth, the followingones acutely lirate, the threads being prominent and regular and wellelevated at the periphery and on the base* the upper vary and theyincrease by intercalation. The last whorl is cylindric, and slightlydescending near the aperture. The umbilical wall is smooth orslightly lirate. The umbilicus is one-fourth of the diameter of theshell or a little larger. Aperture oblique, circular, angulated above
;
peristome continuous, simple, appressed to the preceding turn. Oper-culum corneous, thin, concave externally with the whorls closelyspaced.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAJSTD MOLLUSKS OF AJNIEIRIOA 169The type was collected by Germain at Santa Cruz de la Sierra,Bolivia. It measures: Height, 16 mm.; greater diameter, 21 mm.We have not seen this species. The above is a translation ofAncey's description, to which he adds: "Its prominent lirae, dullcolour and deciduous epidermis are its most striking characters."Although quite different, it belongs to the group of G. cumvngi(Sowerby). Genus CYRTOTOMA Miirch1852. Cyrtotoma Moech, Catalogus conchyliorum . . Comes de Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 40.Araphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline ; the sculpture consists ofhairlike riblets; the outer peristome is expanded and reflected. Theperistome on the parietal wall may be almost entire or vary from thisto deeply notched. The operculum is corneous with central nucleus,and the outer edge of the whorls is upturned.Type: Cyrtotoma mexicanum (Menke).Distribution : Southeastern Mexico.The radula formula of C. walkeri (H. B. Baker) is 3: 3: 3: 2, andthe jaw has a median projection. The verge is situated on the rightside of the neck and is traversed by a seminal groove only. It doesnot have a terminal appendage.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYRTOTOMASubsutural thread present.Parietal notch conspicuous.Parietal notch broad and U-shaped.Peristome decidedly double avusPeristome not decidedly double salleanumParietal notch V-shaped ignotumParietal notch obsolete fischeriSubsutural thread absent.Parietal notch much deeper than wide palmeriParietal notch not deeper than wide.Peristome strongly flaringly expanded mexicanumPeristome not strongly flaringly expanded.Greater diameter more than 20 mm goldmaniGreater diameter less than 16 mm walkeriCYRTOTOMA AVUS, new speciesPlate 22, Figubes 22-24Shell large, depressed helicoid, covered by a golden-brown perio-stracum, below which the last whorl of the shell is soiled white andthe rest rosy tinged. The whorls are marked by coarse, retractivelycurved incremental lines ; which on the last whorl almost form riblets.There is a spiral thread immediately below the rather deeply chan-neled suture. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded,
170 BULLETIJN 181, UlslTEO STATES NlATTONAiL MUSEUMopenly umbilicated, and marked by the incremental lines, which groweven stronger on the nmbilical wall, which also shows some spirallirations. Aperture circular, pale brown within ; peristome expandedand reflected, forming an auricle at the posterior angle ; the expandedportion is marked by concentric lines of growth, which give the im-pression of a double peristome. The notch on the parietal wall israther shallow and openly U-shaped.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 128285, was collected in damp woods atMotzorongo, Veracruz, Mexico. It has lost the extreme nuclear tip;the 4 whorls remaining measure : Height, 18.6 mm. ; greater diameter,32.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 23.8 mm.The huge size and heavily thickened peristome readily distinguishthis from the other Cyrototomas having a spiral thread below thesuture. CYRTOTOMA SALLEANUM (v. Martens)Plate 22, Figukes 19-211865. Cyclophorus salleanus v. Mabtej^s, Malak. Blatter, vol. 12, p. 151.1880. Eahropoma salleanum Fischer and Cbosse, Mission scientifique au Mexiqueet dans I'Amerique Centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 35, fig. 4.1886. Eahropoma (Cyrtotoma) salleanum Fischh:e and Crosse, ibid., pp. 128,133, pi. 38, fig. 1.1890. Cyclophorus (Cyrototoma) saHeontts von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Ameri-cana, p. 7.1897. Cyrtotoma salleanum, Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 29, p. 140.1922. Cyrtotoma mexicanum salleanum H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 106, p. 42, pi. 16, figs. 8-12.1928. Aperostoma mexicanum salleanum H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 193, p. 51.Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid, covered by a dark straw-col-ored periostracum. The extreme nuclear tip has a pale orange tint;the interior of the aperture is bluish white. Nuclear whorls about 2.5,smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender, hair-like, retractively slanting, closely placed axial riblets. There is a feeblespiral cord at the summit. Suture narrowly channeled. Peripherywell rounded. Base somewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked bythe continuation of the axial riblets, which here are a little strongerthan on the spire and still stronger than on the umbilical wall. Theumbilicus is open and moderately broad. Aperture almost circular;peristome expanded and reflected, forming an auricle at the posteriorangle. The notch on the parietal wall is U-shaped and rather deep.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 211098, is one oftwo collected by C. R. Orcutt at Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico. It has 6whorls and measures : Height, 18.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 31.3 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 22 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKIOA 171Two additional lots in the collection of the National Museum comefrom Cordova : one from Antigua ; one from Orizaba. Six lots arelabeled merely "Mexico," without specific locality.There is considerable variation in the size of this species. The small-est specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 331900, has 6 whorls and measures : Height,14 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.7 mm. Thisis said to have been collected by Cuming; we have no locality labelwith it beyond that of Mexico.The deep notch and lesser size easily distinguish this species fromC. avus. CYRTOTOMA IGNOTUM, new speciesPlate 22, Figures 16-18Shell helicoid, with rather elevated spire, covered with a pale straw-colored periostracum. Interior of peristome bluish white. Nuclearwhorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls some-what inflated, strongly rounded and marked by retractively slanting,hairlike axial riblets. The spaces separating these are two or threetimes as wide as the riblets. Suture deeply impressed by a feeble spiralthread on the summit of the whorl. Periphery well rounded. Basesomewhat inflated, strongly rounded, marked by the continuation ofthe axial ribs, which pass over the umbilical wall, where they become alittle stronger. Umbilicus broad, open. Aperture broadly oval, thelong axis being between the notch and the junction of the basal andouter lip ; peristome expanded and reflected, forming a slight auricleat the posterior angle. The callus on the parietal wall bears a deepV-shaped notch. Operculum typically cyrtotomid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523515, bears the label "Mexico," withoutspecific locality. It has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 17.5 mm.;greater diameter, 26.7 mm. ; lesser diameter, 19 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 15068 contains another specimen from the same source,which is a little smaller and has 5.6 whorls and measures : Height, 13.7mm. ; greater diameter, 22 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm.This species, while resembling C. salleanum (von Martens), canreadily be distinguished from it by its more elevated spire and by thedeep V-shaped instead of U-shaped sinus.CYRTOTOMA FISCHERI, new speciesPlate 22, Figures 13-151880. Habropoma (Cyrtotoma) mexicanum Fischer and Cbosse, Mission scien-tifique au Mexique et daus I'Amerique centrale, vol. 2, pi. 35, fig. 5.1886. Habropoma mexicanum Fischee and Ckosse, ibid., p. 130, in part.Shell moderately large, reddish orange colored except the last whorl,which is slightly paler; interior of aperture buff; peristome a little
172 BULLETIN 181, UNITE? STATES NlAnOiNAL MUSlEUMpaler. The nucleus consists of about 2.5 well-rounded, smooth turns,forming a small apex. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded witha broad cord at the summit and an impressed area immediately ante-rior to this. The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather strong,retractively curved, axial riblets which are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded and marked by thecontinuation of the axial riblets which here are much weaker than onthe spire. They are again slightly stronger on the umbilical wall.Aperture almost circular, slightly effuse at the junction of the basaland outer lip; peristome thickened, expanded, and reflected andmarked by concentric lines of growth. The parietal wall has an obso-lete lunate notch. Operculum typically cyrtotomid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515789, was collected by Dr. H. B. Baker atHacienda Cuatotolapam, Veracruz, Mexico. It has 5.4 whorls andmeasures : Height, 17.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.0 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 16.8 mm. Height of aperture, 10.0 mm. ; diameter, 11.0 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 515790 contains a paratype from the same source.U.S.N.M. No. 25011 contains 2 specimens merely labeled "Mexico,"which are referable here.This species can be differentiated from the other forms having asubsutural thread by the obsolete notch on the parietal wall.CYRTOTOMA PALMERI, new speciesPlate 22, Figitees 1-3Shell depressed-helicoid ; the type is soiled white, having lost itsperiostracum. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, forminga moderately small elevated apex. The postnuclear whorls are in-flated, strongly rounded, and marked by retractively slanting axialriblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them.These riblets gain in strength as the whorls increase in size. Suturestrongly impressed. The last whorl solute for about one-tenth of aturn except the auricle at the posterior angle, which is adnate to thepreceding whorl. Behind this there is a deep broad open space in thesuture. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated,marked b}^ the continuation of the ribs, which are here somewhat wavy.The umbilicus is broad, and its wall is marked by axial ribs, but herethey are weaker than on the base. Aperture broadly oval, with the longaxis extending from the parietal wall to the junction of the basal andouter lip. Peristome very moderately expanded and reflected, adnateto the preceding turn at the posterior angle. There is a very profoundsinus, which begins as a narrow slit near the edge of the peristomethen widens into a circular opening at the posterior termination. Theedge of this bulges inward and is somewhat thickened.
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAJMD M0LLUSK9 OF AMEIRIOA 173The type, U.S.N.M. No. 198079 was collected by Dr. EdwardPalmer at Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, Mexico. It has 5.6 whorlsand measures : Height, 14.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 25.2 mm. ; lesserdiameter, 18.5 mm.The soluteness of the whorl a little distance behind the edge ofthe peristome and the exceedingly deeply incised tear-shaped sinuson the parietal wall readily distinguish this species from the othermembers of the genus that do not have a thread in the suture.CYRTOTOMA MEXICANUM (Menke)Plate 22, Figubes 4-61830. Cyclostoma mexicanum Mexke, Synopsis methodica molluscorum, p. 133.1847. Aperostoma mexicanum Troschei., Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.1850. Cyclotus mexicanus Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shellsin the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 9.1852. Cyrtotoma mexicanum Morch, Catalogus conchyliorum . . . Comes deYoldi, vol. 1, p. 40.1864. Cyclotus mexicanus Binney, Bibliography of North American conchology,pt. 2, p. 122.1878. Aperostoma (Cyrtotoma) mexicanum Nevill, Hand-list of Mollusca inthe Indian Museum, vol. 1, p. 258.1886. Halropoma mexicanum Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 130, in part.1890. Cyclophorus (Cyrtotoma) mexicanus von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 7.Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a straw-colored periostra-cum. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded. Postnuclearwhorls well rounded, marked by rather rough, retractively slanting,somewhat irregular, rather strongly raised axial riblets. Suturedeeply impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded,marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which pass undimin-ished over the umbilical wall. Umbilicus broad. The last whorlis solute for about one-tenth of a turn; the auricular portion ofthe peristome, however, is attached to the preceding turn. Aper-ture subcircular; peristome rather broadly expanded and reflected.The parietal wall bears a deep U-shaped notch.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 321058, comesfrom Veracruz, Mexico. It has 5.8 whorls and measures: Height,15 mm.; greater diameter, 23.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 321024 contains another specimen from Veracruz,and there are two additional lots from Mexico without specific lo-cality in the collection of the National Museum.This species differs from C. goUmani in having the peristomemuch more broadly expanded.428349?42 12
174 BULIiETICSr 181, UTSTITEiD SfTATEIS Ni^TTOOSHAiL IMUSETJMCYRTOTOMA GOLDMANI, new speciesPlate 22, FiGtrRES 7-9Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a straw-colored periostracum.Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, forming a small elevated apex.Postnuclear whorls well rounded and marked by coarse, somewhatirregular, retractively slanting axial riblets, which vary in strengthand are slightly sinuous. Suture deeply impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded, and marked by thecontinuation of the ribs, which pass over the umbilical wall. Aper-ture circular, slightly oblique. Peristome narrowly expanded, re-flected, and marked with a very broad shallow U-shaped notch onthe parietal wall. The last whorl may be solute or adnate to thepreceding turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523516, was collected by Maj. E. A. Goldmanat Mutaltoyuca, Puebla, Mexico. It has 6 whorls and measures:Height, 13.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 20.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 251719 contains 29 topotypes. Most of these aresmaller than the type. The smallest has 5.5 whorls and measures:Height, 10.8 mm. ; gi-eater diameter, 16 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.1 mm.This species is easily distinguished from G. mexicanum (Menke)by its narrow peristome and very broad U-shaped sinus in the parietalwall. CYRTOTOMA WALKERI (H. B. Baker)Plate: 22, Figures 10-121928. Aperostoma walkeri H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Uuiv. Michigan, No.193, p. 51, pi. 6, figs. 38-40.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, horn colored, with the early whorlspinkish. The nucleus consists of about 2 small, well-rounded turnsforming a well-elevated apex. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded.The postnuclear whorls are somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, andmarked by very regular, retractively curved, rather strong axial rib-lets, which are not as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suturechanneled. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly openly umbili-cated, with the axial sculpture much reduced, almost absent on themajor portion of the base, but again strong on the umbilical wall,where it about equals that on the spire. Aperture subcircular; per-istome thickened and slightly reflected, almost with an indication ofa notch at the parietal wall. Operculum typically cyrtotomid.The specimen described and figured is one of two paratypes,U.S.N.M. No. 515791, collected by H. B. Baker at Necaxa, Puebla,Mexico. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 8 mm.; greater
THE CYOLOPIiORID LAND MOLLUSSKS OF AMEKICA 175diameter, 13.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. Height of aperture,5.3 mm. ; diameter, 6.5 mm.This species is easily distinguished from the others by its smallsize, weakly reflected peristome, and by the fact that notching of theparietal wall is almost absent.BARBACYCLUS, new genusAmphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape, spirally banded. Thewhorls are marked by oblique threads. The last whorl is very narrowlysolute and the outer lip at the posterior angle projects beyond thejunction with the parietal lip as a strong keel, which bends towardthe preceding turn and almost touches it. Operculum with the outeredge of the turns provided with long scalelike fimbriations at the freeedge, which are longer than the width of the turns, forming the solidportion of the operculum. The operculum therefore has a stronglybearded appearance.Type: Barhacyclus underwoodi (Da Costa).Distribution : Costa Rica.B. dotocardi (Angas) has the radula formula 3 : 3 : 3 : 2, and thejaw is without a median projection.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BARBACYCLUSLast whorl strongly sculptured princepsLast whorl not strongly sculptured.Shell large; greater diameter more than 43 mm underwoodiShell smaller; greater diameter less than 34 mm boucardiBARBACYLUS PRINCEPS (Pilsbry)Plate 23, Figukes 1-31879. Cyclotus loucardi An gas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 483 (not C.boucardi Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 73).1890. Cyclotus (?) boucardi yon 'Mastens (in part), Biologia Centrali-Americana,p. 5.lOOO. Cyclotus boucardi von Mabtens, ibid., Suppl., p. 597.1935. Aperostoma (Aw,phicyclotus) princeps Pilsbby, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil-adelphia, vol. 87, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 1, la, lb.Shell large, helicoid, of white ground color, marked with bands ofchestnut-brown. One of these bands, which is rather broad, appearsto occupy the middle of the turns; the other is immediately belowthe periphery. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclearwhorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, except the last turn,marked by decidedly retractively slanting axial threads, which arecrossed by strong incremental lines. These threads begin a little ante-rior to the summit of the turns and are about as wide as the spaces
176 BULUETES" 181, IMITEO SfTATEIS NlATTEOOSnAL MTJSlErUMthat separate them. Suture slitlike on the last turn, separated fromthe preceding turn by a considerably deeper channel on the last fifthof a turn. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded and markedby the continuation of the oblique cords, which also extend over theumbilical wall. Umbilicus about one-fourth the diameter of theshell. Aperture circular; peristome somewhat thickened, heaviest onthe outer lip and thinnest on the columellar side. In the outer lipthe peristome projects over the wall of the parietal portion of theperistome as an arch, which also projects forward considerably beyondthe parietal peristome. Operculum typical.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 523517, wascollected by H. Pittier in Costa Rica without specific definition oflocality. It has 6.1 whorls and measures : Height, 24.7 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 41.7 mm. ; lesser diameter, 30.7 mm.Three additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 190287, were collectedby Pittier at Moin Hill, Costa Rica.The strong oblique threads that extend even over the last whorl inthis species readily differentiate it from the other two.BARBACYCLUS UNDERWOODI (Da Costa)Plate 23, Figures 7-91900. Cyclophorus underwoodi Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 4, p. 67,pi. 7, figs. 5-8.1900. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotns) undericoodi von Maetens, Biologia Cen-trali-Americana, Suppl., p. 598.1902. Aniphicyclotus underwoodi Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Cyclophorldae, p. 257.1912. Aniphicyclotus underwoodi Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 919, pi. 135, figs. 2-A, 4a.Shell large, helicoid, of soiled-white ground color, with the earlywhorls rose-red. The later whorls are marked also with a very darkchestnut-brown band, which extends from a little below the sutureto a little above the periphery, and a second one much narrowerimmediately below the periphery. The periphery in our specimensis white. The base is orange straw-colored. Nuclear whorls about 2,well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are marked bydecidedly retractively curved almost spiral threads, which are aboutas wide as the spaces that separate them. These threads disappearon the last half of the last whorl. Suture of the early whorls wellimpressed ; on the last, deeply channeled. The summit of the whorlson the last half of the last turn projects over the parietal wall insuch a manner as to form a decided crest, which continues in an evencurve with the rest of the upper surface of the whorl toward thepreceding turn, leaving a broad exposed channel. Periphery wellrounded. Base well rounded. Umbilicus moderately large, a little
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLTJSKS OF AMEEIOA 177more than one-fourth of the diameter of the shell and marked byfine incremental lines and on the first half by feeble suggestions ofspiral threads. No spiral threads appear on the rest of the umbilicalwall. Here the incremental lines are concentrated to form axialriblets. Aperture circular; peristome simple, very slightly expanded;the outer lip projects materially beyond its junction with the columel-lar wall at the posterior angle, forming here a conspicuous shelf.It also is decidedly protracted at that point beyond the columellarlip. Operculum typically barbacyclid.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 161616, comesfrom Costa Kica. It has 6 whorls and measures : Height, 31.5 mm.
;
greater diameter, 44.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 31.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 321046 contains another specimen also from CostaKica, without definite locality.This species is nearest related to B. houcardi (Angas), from whichits much larger size readily distinguishes it.BARBACYCLUS BOUCARDI (Angas)Plate 23, Figiibes 4-61878. Cyclotus loucardi Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 73, pi. 5, figs.3, 4.1890. Cyclotus (?) Boucardi v. Martens (in part), Biologia Centrali-Ameri-cana, p. 5.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) boucardi Kobext and Mollendoktf, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1935. Aperostoma princeps angasianum Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-phia, vol. 87, p. 3.Shell helicoid, chestnut-brown on the upper surface, with a mod-erately broad band of white at the summit and at the periphery.There is a zone of the same chestnut-brown immediately below theperiphery, while the rest of the base is straw colored. Nuclear whorlsabout 2, well rounded, smooth. The succeeding turns, except the lastportion of the last whorl, are marked by decidedly retractivelycurved threads, which are about as wide as the spaces that separatethem. In addition to this they are also crossed by numerous closelyspaced, hairlike incremental lines. Suture impressed, on the lastturn marked by a slender, slitlike sinus. The last whorl is decidedlydecurrent and solute for about one-tenth of a turn. Periphery wellrounded. Base well rounded, marked by incremental lines and nearthe periphery by obsolete threads. Umbilicus rather narrow, equal-ing about one-fifth of the diameter of the shell. Aperture broadlyoval, the long axis being from the parietal wall to the junction ofthe outer and basal lip; peristome simple, the outer lip extends be-yond its junction with the columellar wall as a shelf. It also isprotracted beyond it. Operculum typical.
178 BULLETEN" 181, UNITED STATEiS NlATIOiNlAiL MUSETJMThe specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 162825, is oneof two collected at San Carlos, Costa Rica. It has 5.5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 25.2 mm.; greater diameter, 33 mm.; lesser di-ameter, 25 mm.This species resembles most nearly B. UTiderwoodi (Da Costa),from which its small size readily distinguishes it.CALACYCLOTUS, new genusAmphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, without color bands, withthe axial sculpture reduced to incremental lines, and the spiral sculp-ture absent or microscopic. Base widely umbilicated. Aperture de-cidedly oblique; outer lip of peristome somewhat expanded and re-flected at the outer lip, the parietal and columellar peristome forminga sigmoid edge.Type: Calacyclotus olssoni (Pilsbry).Distribution: Panama and Colombia.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALACYCLOTUSGreater diameter more than 50 mm olssoniGreater diameter less than 42 mm atratensisCALACYCLOTUS OLSSONI (Pilsbry)Plate 23, Figures 13-151926. AmphicTjclotus olssoni Pilsbky, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol.78, pp. 65-66, pi. 9, figs. 1, la.Shell very large, uniformly chestnut-brown, with the tip red andthe inside of the aperture bluish white. Nuclear whorls about 2,well rounded, smooth, forming an inconspicuous apex. Postnuclearwhorls well rounded, marked by slender, retractively curved incre-mental lines only. Suture well impressed. Periphery stronglyrounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with the umbilicusabout equal to one-fourth of the diameter of the shell, marked bythe continuation of the incremental lines, which pass over the um-bilical wall, where they became somewhat stronger. Aperture de-cidedly oblique, broadly pear-shaped, protracted into an angle at theposterior angle of the aperture. Peristome expanded on the outerand right portion of the basal lip, thickened on the inner lip. Parie-tal wall covered with a moderately thick callus, which forms anobtuse angle at its junction with the columella. Pilsbry says ofthe operculum of this species : "The operculum is flat, dull brownish,of about 12 whorls, the outer four subequal, diminishing slightlyto the last, smoothish. Interior face with a small central mucro
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLXJStKS OF AMEKIOA 179
with a low encircling ridge forming a ring of about 5 mm. diameter.The dull scar of attachment is broadly oval, eccentric, its edge notchedwhere it passes the mucro."The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 341767, wascollected by A. E. Heighway at Acandi, a small settlement in theGulf of Atrato, on the boundary between Panama and Colombia.It has 6.1 whorls and measures : Height, 33 mm. ; greater diameter,53.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 39 mm.The large size readily distinguishes this species from C. atratensis.CALACYCLOTUS ATRATENSIS, new speciesPlate 23, Figures 10-12Shell helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum ; theearly whorls reddish; interior of the aperture yellowish white. Nu-clear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, forming a smaU apex.Postnuclear whorls marked by rather irregular, retractively slant-ing incremental lines. Suture moderately impressed. Peripherywell rounded. Base openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being aboutone-fourth the diameter of the shell, marked by the continuationof the incremental lines, which here assume almost the strength ofriblets; these pass also over the umbilical wall. Aperture de-cidedly oblique, almost circular, protracted into an auricle at theposterior angle. Peristome somewhat expanded on the outer lipand somewhat thickened on the inner, covering the parietal wall witha thick callus. The edge of this callus on the parietal wall andcolumella forms a decidedly ragged sigmoid curve.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 206291, was collected by A. E. Heighwayon the mountains near the mouth of the Atrato Kiver in Colombia.It has 5.9 whorls and measures : Height, 25.2 mm. ; greater diameter,41 mm. ; lesser diameter, 31 mm.The small size readily distinguishes this species from C. olssoni(Pilsbry). MEXCYCLOTUS, new genusSmall amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, marked by axialhairlines only. Operculum corneous, concave, with more than 10whorls, which have their outer edge upturned, free, or appressed tothe succeeding whorl. The turns of the lamella are obliquely striated.Type: Mexcyclotus lutescens (Pfeiffer).Distribution: Southwestern Mexico.The members of the genus recall Aperosfoma {Cyclohidalgoa)translucidum (Sowerby), but that group has a calcareous operculum.
180 BULLETIN ISl, inSTIT'EiD STATES NlATTOfNlAOL. MUSEIUMKEY TO THE SPECIES OF MEXCYCLOTUSShell helicoid cooperiShell depressed-helicoid lutescensMEXCYCLOTUS COOPERI (Tryon)Plate 24, Figures 10-121863. Cyclotus cooperi Tryon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 281,pi. 2, fig. 2.1890. Cyclophorus {Amphicyclotus) lutescens von Martens (in part), BiologiaCentrali-Americana, p. 7.1897. Cyrtotoma lutescens var. cooperi Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 140.1898. Amphicyclotus lutescens var. cooperi Kobelt and M^llendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139 (reprint).1928. Aperostoma cooperi H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan,No. 193, p. 53.Shell elevated helicoid, covered with a thin pale orange perios-traciim, which shows slender, distantly spaced, and irregularly dis-tributed spiral threads of a brighter yellow on the spire. Interiorof aperture yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded,forming a small apex. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded,and marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, retractively curvedaxial riblets, which become somewhat irregular on the last turn.Suture strongly impressed. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Basewell rounded, openly umbilicated, with the umbilicus about one-fourththe diameter of the shell, marked by the enfeebled ribs, which hereconstitute merely irregular incremental lines. These also pass overthe umbilical wall. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, feebly angu-lated at the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome very thinon the outer lip and considerably thickened on the inner lip. Oper-culum typical.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 10019, was collected byAugust Eemond near Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. It has 4.8 whorlsand measures: Height, 14 mm.; greater diameter, 16 mm.; lesserdiameter, 12.8 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 251718 contains 12 additional dead shells, some ofwhich are considerably larger than the type. One of these has 3whorls remaining and measures: Height, 14 mm.; greater diameter,17.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 14.5 mm. Still another specimen, U.S.N.M.No. 251717, was collected by Dr. E. W. Nelson at San Sebastian,Jalisco. Dr. Nelson also collected a series of specimens at Ixtapan,Jalisco, Mexico. While there is considerable variation in the size ofthese, they agree quite well with Tryon's type.This species can readily be distinguished from M. lutescens(Pfeiffer) by its much more elevated form and stronger ribbing.
THE CYCI^OPHORID LAISTD MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRJIOA 181MEXCYCLOTUS LUTESCENS (Pfeiffer)Plate 24, Figuees 13-151851. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) lutescens Pfeiffee, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,1851, p. 250.1854. Cyclostoma lutescens Pfeiffer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 333, pi. 43, figs. 12-14.1886. Eabropoma lutescens Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexiqueet dans I'Anierique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 38, fig. 2.1888. Amphicyclotus lutescens Fischer and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 139.1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) lutescens von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 6.1897. Cyrtotoma lutescens Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschen malalc.Ges., vol. 29, p. 140.1898. Amphicyclotus lutescens Kobext and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139 (reprint).1928. Aperostoma lutescens H. B. Baker, Oec. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan,No. 193, p. 53.Shell depressed-helicoicl, covered with a straw-colored, orange-tinged periostraciim, with the early whorls a little darker than thelater. Interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists ofone rounded smooth turn. The early postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded and marked by rather distantly spaced, slender axial ribletswhich become less regular and more closely spaced on the last whorl.Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base wellrounded and marked by the weak continuation of the axial sculpture,which extends over the umbilical wall. Umbilicus about one-fifth thediameter of the shell. Aperture circular, slightly oblique ; peristomeslightly oblique, slightly protracted into an angle at the posteriorangle ; outer lip of the peristome thin ; the inner somewhat thickened.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.301012, collected by Salle in Mexico without specific locality. It has4.6 whorls and measures : Height, 10.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 14.7mm. ; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm.There are two additional lots, three specimens, in the collection ofthe National Museum, without specific locality.This species can readily be distinguished from M. cooperi (Tryon)by its depressed form.MEGACYCLOTUS, new genusAmphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape. The whorls are markedby fine spiral lines and heavier, decidedly retractively curved, coarserdiagonal threads on spire and base ; absent on the wall of the broadumbilicus. Peristome slightly expanded on the outer lip. Operculumthin, corneous, with central nucleus, the outer edge of whose upturnedvolutions are rendered ragged by wear. They are retractivelystriate.
182 BULUETI'N ISl, UNlTEiD STATES NlATTONIAiL MUSEIUMType: Megacyclotus ponderosus (Pfeiffer).Distribution : Southeastern Mexico and Guatemala.The radula of M. ponderosus (Pfeiffer) has the formula 3:3:3:2,and the jaw is without a median projection,KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MEGACYCLOTUSShell more than 40 mm. in diameter ponderosusShell less than 35 mm. in diameter palenquensisMEGACYCLOTUS PONDEROSUS (Pfeiffer)Plate 24, Figures 19-211851. Cyclostoma ponderosum PFE3rFEB, Free. Zool. Sec. Loudon, 1851, p. 243.1852. Cyclophorus ponderosus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 1, p. 97.1853. Cyclostoma ponderosum PrEiFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 257, pi. 35, figs. 12-14.1880. Amphicyclotus ponderosus Fischek and Crosse, Mission scientifique auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pi. 35, fig. 3.1888. Amphicyclotus ponderosus Fischer and Crosse, iUd., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 147.1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) ponderosus v. Martens, Biologia Centrali-Amerieana, p. 5.1900. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) ponderosus v. Martens, ibid., Suppl., p. 597.Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid, covered with a thin pale-brown periostracum, which appears to have irregular darker radialzones. The nucleus consists of a little more than one small, well-rounded, smooth whorl. Postnuclear whorls are well rounded,slightly jflattened toward the summit and marked by coarse, decidedlyretractively curved diagonal cords and fine incremental lines. Thespiral corcls are about as wide as the spaces that separate them andare rendered rather irregular by the incremental lines. Suture mod-erately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded,openly umbilicated, with the umbilicus almost one-third the diameterof the shell. The base is marked like the spire, but the umbilicalwall has only the continuation of the incremental lines, which heredevelop into irregular riblets. Aperture circular, drawn into a con-spicuous angle at the posterior angle of the aperture. Peristomesimple, thin on the outer lip and a little thicker on the inner. Parietalwall covered by a moderately thick callus.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 32068, was col-lected by F. Sarg in Guatemala. It has 5.5 whorls and measures:Height, 25.7 mm.; greater diameter, 40.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 30.3mm.Several specimens from northern Guatemala, U.S.N.M. No. 162309,collected by Godman, are much larger, one having 4 whorls andmeasuring: Height, 27 mm.; greater diameter, 48.5 mm.; lesser
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 183diameter, 36 mm. U.S.N.M. No. 429586 contains three specimenscollected by H. Pittier at an elevation of 550 meters in the vicinityof Secanquin, Alta Vera Paz. U.S.N.M. No. 185499 contains anotherspecimen from the same locality. U.S.N.M. No. 355368 contains twospecimens collected by A. A. Hinkley at Chama, Alta Vera Paz.There are six additional lots without specific locality.This species differs from M. j)alenquensis (Pilsbry) in being muchlarger. MEGACYCLOTUS PALENQUENSIS (Pilsbry)Plate 24, Figukes 16-181935. Aperostoma (AmpMcyclotus) paJcnqucnse Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia, vol. 87, pp. 3-4, pi. 1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum
;
when denuded the last whorl is yellowish white and the rest rosecolored. The nucleus consists of a little more than one turn, whichis well rounded and smooth. The succeeding turns are well roundedand marked by decidedly retractively curved threads, which are aboutas wide as the spaces that separate them. These threads and thespaces between them vary in strength, and the surface has a some-what pitted or dull rasplike appearance. Suture well impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded, andmarked by the same sculpture as that characterizing the spire, only alittle less strongly developed. The umbilicus is similarly sculptured.Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, drawn out into a very conspicuousangle at the posterior angle. Peristome simple ; the outer somewhatexpanded and reflected; the inner evenly curved, forming with thecallus of the parietal wall, a regular sigmoid outline.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 106344, was collected byDr. Dolley in the District of Palenque, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Ithas 5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.7 mm.; greater diameter,34 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.9 mm. A paratype bearing the samenumber has 5.4 whorls and measures: Height, 21.7 mm.; greaterdiameter, 34.3 mm. ; lesser diameter, 26.1 mm.This species differs from 31. poTiderosus (Pfeiffer) in being consid-erably smaller.Genus AMPHICYCLOTUS Crosse and Fischer1879. AmpMcyclotus Ceosse and Fischer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 27, p. 46.Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, with the whorls markedby fine vermiculated sculpture, which extends over spire, base, andumbilical wall. Operculum thin, corneous, with central nucleus,having the outer edge of the turns slightly upturned.Type : AmpMcyclotus houcardi ( [Salle] Pfeiffer)
.
Distribution : Southeastern Mexico to northwestern Honduras.
184 BTTLLETESr 181, UNITEiD SIT'ATEIS NlAITIOOSIlAiL MUSEIJMKEY TO THE SPECIES OF AMPHICYCLOTUSShell large; greater diameter more than 50 mm goldfussiShell smaller ; greater diameter less than 40 mm.Shell holicoid.Greater diameter more than 30 mm boucardiGreater diameter less than 27 mm maleriShell depressed-helicoid texturatusAMPHICYCLOTUS GOLDFUSSI (Boettger)1892. Aperostoma (Amphicyclotus) goldfussi Boettgee, Nachrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 24, p. 203.1897. Aniphicyclotus goldfussi Kobelt and MoLUENDOBrF, Nachrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.1900. Cgclophorus (Amphicyclotus) texturatus goldfussi von Majbtens, BiologiaCentrali-Amerieana, Suppl., p. 598.Shell depressed-conic, rather thick walled, uniformly brownishyellow, broadly umbilicated ; umbilicus one-fourth the greaterdiameter of the shell. Apex rather rounded. The spire consists of6 rounded whorls, which are somewhat flattened near the suture andincrease rather rapidly in size. They are everywhere finely wrinkled.In the middle the whorls are wormlike, separated by impressedgrooves. The last whorl equals one-third of the diameter and iscompressed above, circular, and slightly decurrent anteriorly.Aperture oblique, almost circular, white and shining, thin ; peristomesimple, sharp at the edge, connected with a heavy callus on theparietal wall. The peristome is protracted into a slight auricle atthe posterior angle, which is furrowed ; it is somewhat projecting onthe right edge and thickened on the columellar side. Operculumcorneous, thin, consisting of closely wound whorls. Height, 28 mm.;greater diameter, 51 mm. ; lesser diameter, 22 mm.The type was collected at San Pedro Sula, northwestern Honduras.We have not seen specimens of this species and have given atranslation of its description ; it has not been figured.The very large size of this species readily distinguishes it fromthe rest. AMPHICYCLOTUS BOUCARDI ([Salle] Pfeiffer)Plate 24, Figubes 4-61856. Cyclostoma (Cyclopliorus) boucardi [Snl]6] Pfeiffek, Proc. Zool. Soc.London, vol. 24, p. 323, pi. 35, fig. 25.1858. Cyclopliorus boucardi Pfeiffeu, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 2, p. 65.1861. Cyclopliorus boucardi Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13. sp. 26.1880. Amphicyclotus boucardi Fischb:e and Cbosse, Mission scieutifique auMexique et dans I'Amerique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 35, fig. 1.1888. Amphicyclotus boucardi Fischer and Ceosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 142.1890. Cyclopliorus (Amplicyclotus) boucardi von Mabtens, Biologia Centrali-Ainericana, p. 6.
THE CYCLOOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEEI'OA 185Shell helicoid, covered with a pale chestnut-brown periostracum,which is vermiculated and spirally banded by zones of the groundcolor, that is, bluish white; the interior of the aperture is bluishwhite. The nucleus consists of 1.5 small smooth turns ; the succeed-ing 2 turns are finely, retractively, axially ribbed, the axial ribs beingabout as wide as the spaces that separate them. The rest of thewhorls are finely vermiculated by irregularly disposed, closely placed,low nodules. In addition to this the whorls are marked by incre-mental lines. Suture deeply impressed, particularly so on the earlywhorls. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, stronglyrounded, sculptured like the spire. This sculpture also extends overthe umbilical waU. The umbilicus is about one-fourth of the diame-ter of the shell. Aperture circular; peristome simple, the outer lipthin, the inner very slightly thickened. Parietal wall covered by a thincallus. Operculum typical.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356095, wascollected by Dr. L. A. Yates in southeastern Mexico. It has 5.6whorls and measures : Height, 23.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 31.4 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 22.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 321013 contains two additional specimens labeled
"Mexico," without specific locality.AMPHICYCLOTUS MALERI Crosse and FischerPlate 24, Figubes 7-91883. Amphicyclotus maleri Crosse and Fischer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 31, p. 102.1886. Amphici/clotus maleri Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 41, figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c.1888. AmpMcrjclotus maleri Fischer and Crosse, Hid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 145.1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) maleri von llARraNS, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 6.Shell helicoid ; when denuded of periostracum, soiled white. Nu-clear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorlsstrongly rounded and marked by numerous vermiculations. Thethreads composing these are as wide as the spaces that separatethem. The whorls are appressed at the summit, which leaves thesuture rather inconspicuous. Periphery well rounded. Base openlyumbilicated, the umbilicus about one-fourth the diameter of theshell. The base is marked by the continuation of the vermiculations,which extend over the umbilical wall. Aperture oblique, circular;peristome simple, slightly protracted into an angle at the posteriorangle; outer lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 515887, was col-lected by F. Sarg in Guatemala. It has 5.5 whorls and measures:Height, 18.3 mm.; greater diameter, 26.3 mm.; lesser diameter,20.5 mm.
186 BULLETEN 181, UlSriTEiD SIT'ATEiS NIATI'ONIAL MUSlEIimiCrosse and Fischer's specimen came from Tabasco Province,Mexico, but we believe the specimen we have figured belongs here.The species is easily distinguished from the others by its smallsize. AMPHICYCLOTUS TEXTURATUS (Sowerby)Plate 24, Figures 1-31850. Cyelostoma texturatum So^'Krby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, Suppl., p. 160*,pi. 31A, fig. 303.1852. Cyclopliorus texturattis Pfeiffer, Conspectus cyclostomaceorum emen-datus auctus . . ., p. 15.1880. Aniphicijclotus texturatus Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 35, figs. 2-2b.1886. Amphicyclotlis textiiratus Fischer and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 144.1890. CyclopJiorus (Amphicyclotus) texturatus von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 6.Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown peri-ostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Thefirst postnuclear whorl is marked by fine incremental lines which aremore emphasized at the channeled suture and eventually developedinto little riblets before the real postnuclear sculpture is reached.The later whorls are marked by strong vermiculations. Suture wellimpressed. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, withthe umbilicus about two-fifths of the diameter of the shell. The baseand umbilical wall are both marked by vermiculations, although onthe umbilical wall they become more elongated and more riblike.Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peri-stome simple, thill. Parietal wall covered by a heavy callus. Theoperculum has a subcentral nucleus and consists of about 10 whorls,which are flattened and slightly free at the distal edge and striated.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 162491, comesfrom Chiapas, Mexico. It has 5.5 whorls and measures : Height, 26.7mm.; greater diameter, 41.1 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.7 mm.The collection of the National Museum contains additionalspecimens as follows
:
U.S.N.M. No. 162310, from Coban, Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No.200694, 1 from Finca Providencia, Guatemala ; U.S.N.M. No. 321044,1 from Guatemala, without specific locality; U.S.N.M. No. 32072, 1collected by F. Sarg in Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 316370, 2 fromMexico, without specific locality.Subfamily Aperostominae Torre and BartschThis subfamily has been defined on p. 38.KEY TO THE MAINLAND GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY APEROSTOMINAECalcareous deposits on outside of vi'horls of operculum fused AperostomaCalcareous deposits on outside of whorls of operculum not fused? Liracyclotus
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKODOA 187Genus APEROSTOMA Troschel1847. Aperostoma Teoschel, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.Aperostomine shells in which the heavy calcareous deposit ofadjacent turns of the operculum fuses. This deposit is a little higheron the inner edge of the turns.Type : Aperostoma (Aperostoma) hlanchetianum (Moricand)
.
Distribution : Mexico to Brazil and the West Indies.KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF MAINLAND APEROSTOMAAperture with a notch at posterior angle IncidostomaAperture without a notch at posterior angle.Sculpture engine-turned AustrocyclotusSculpture not engine-turned.Sculpture anastomosing NeocyclotusSculpture not anastomosing.Sculpture scalariform CyclopomopsSculpture not scalariform.Periphery with color band AperostomaPeriphery without color band CyclohidalgoaiNcmosTOMA, new subgenusAperostomine shells of helicoid or depressed-helicoid shape. Spireand base marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, whichare much stronger on the umbilical wall. The surface may or maynot be malleated. The posterior angle of the aperture in adult shellsis notched or even developed into a pseudosiphon.Type : Aperostoma {Incidostoma) malleatum^ new species.Distribution : Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS INCIDOSTOMAGreater diameter more than 45 mm.Upper surface malleated.Malleations strong _ malleatumMalleations not strong pergrandisUpper surface not malleated.Diameter more than 53 mm kobeltiDiameter less than 48 mm.Shell helicoid pichinchenseShell depressed-helicoid heduiGreater diameter less than 38 mm.Auricle very projecting incomptumAuricle not very projecting.Greater diameter more than 35 mm.Aperture very large pizarroiAperture not very large.Suture deeply impressed nirafeSuture not deeply impressed hitomiGreater diameter less than 28 mm stirlingi
188 BULLETEN 181, UNITE? STATES NlATIiO!NlA)L MUSEUMAPEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) MALLEATUM, new speciesPlate 25, Figures 4-6Shell large, very depressed-helicoid. The early whorls pale brown,the last 1.5 turns pale chestnut brown, with the posterior half ofthe first dark chestnut-brown and the anterior half and umbilicalwall of about the same shade as the upper side of the last turn.There is a pale narrow peripheral line below which a narrow almostblack band is present. The nucleus consists of 2 turns, which aresmall, well rounded, and smooth. The succeeding turns are wellrounded and marked by decidedly retractively slanting axial riblets,which on the last 1.5 turns become irregular in strength and spacing.On this part of the shell the upper surface, too, shows irregularmalleations. The suture is strongly impressed. The summit of thelast whorl is slightly deflected. Periphery feebly angulated. Baseopenly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, and markedby the continuation of the axial riblets, which become very materiallystrengthened on the umbilical wall, where they form rather roughstrong ribs. The base also and umbilical wall show the malleationsreferred to for the spire. Aperture circular, except the posteriorangle, where the outer lip is reflected backward to form an incom-plete siphon, which extends some distance beyond the periphery andis separated from the preceding turn by a mere slit. There is aprofound sinus in the peristome at the posterior angle. Peristomethickened, almost double on the inner lip and thin on the outer andbasal lip. Operculum typically aperostomid, of about 9 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 317578, comes from the Evezard collection.It is without locality. It has 4.7 whorls and measures : Height, 24.8mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm.; lesser diameter, 34.5 mm. Heightof aperture, 15.8 mm. ; diameter, 21.2 mm.We hesitate to describe a species without definite locality, butbecause the strong malleations of this species differentiate it fromall other forms before us, we feel it merits recognition.APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PERGRANDIS (Kobelt)PiATE 25, Figures 1-31912. Neocijclotus perffrandis Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. SS7, pi. 132, figs. 4-6.1923. Poteria {Neocijclotus) pergrandis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 30.We have not seen this species and so give a translation of Kobelt'sdescription
:
Shell apparently the largest of the genus, openly, broadly umbili-cated, depressed, thick-walled, coarsely striated with oblique, irregu-
THE CYOLOPHORiID LAI^D M0LLUSIK9 OF AMEKICA 189lar ribbed striations, chestnut brown with diffused, irregularlydistributed spots. The last whorl has a narrow yellowish line atthe peripheral angle and below this a somewhat broader darker zone,which evanesces anteriorly. The whorls are comparatively small andproject but slightly, smooth, of pale color (injured in the singlespecimen before us). There are 5.5 convex turns, of which theearlier ones increase in size gradually, and the later ones morerapidly. They are separated by a deep suture, which is channeledin the later portion. The last whorl has a distinct angulation atthe periphery and is more strongly arched basally than on the upperpart and irregularly coarsely malleated. The last whorl is some-what flattened near the suture. The posterior part of the peristomeof the outer lip is bent up to form a small hooklike auricle. I knowof none like it in any American operculate. Aperture very large,only slightly oblique, irregularly tear-shaped, broadly roundedbasally, pointed toward the posterior angle, where it passes into theauricle, bluish white within. The parietal wall is covered with ahalf-moon-shaped slight callus. The outer peristome is sharp edged,bent backward above and free from the preceding whorl so that adeep sinus is created. It is bent upward above the periphery ofthe preceding turn to form an auricle. The columellar peristomeis thickened and white and slightly effuse. The operculum, unfor-tunately, is broken but there is enough of it to show that it is agenuine Neocyclotus operculum, although it is not strongly thickened,but it bears numerous whorls with a threadlike projection on theinner edge of the turns. It is not impressed in the middle.Habitat: New Granada (Colombia).The specimen I received in the winter of 1872 to 1873 direct withsome other land shells. My friend Martens, to whom I showed theshell, said that it was an over-developed example of Cyclotus in-ccrniytus Sowerby, and under this name it has rested until now inthe Senckenbergische Museum. That species has also a sinus at theposterior angle.Kobelt's figure shows a specimen not quite mature, which we believerelated to A. (/.) malleatum. Probably due to immaturity, thesiphonlike development at the posterior angle has not attained itsfull figure. Kobelt's figure yields the following measurements: Ithas 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 26.3 mm.; greater diameter,53.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 37.3 mm. Height of aperture, 18.4 mm.
;
diameter, 22.8 mm.
428349?42 13
190 BULLETIiN ISl, UNITEO STATES NIATIIQINIAL MUSIETJMAPEBOSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) KOBELTI. new speciesPlate 25, Figxjbes 7-91912. Neooyclotus pergrandis var. Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 903, pi. 140, figs. 1-3.We have not seen anything that would satisfy Kobelt's descriptionand figure and therefore give a translation of his description ofNeocyclotus pergrandis var.
:
A magnificent specimen in the Berlin Museum, which ProfessorThiele has permitted me to see, leads me to refer again to Neocyclotuspergrandis., * * * ^^ highest development of which is probablyrepresented by this specimen. It is somewhat larger than the speci-mens which I figured from the collection of the SenckenbergischeMuseum. The greatest diameter is 57 mm. and the least diameter, 46
;
height, 28 mm. Its conservation is splendid, its sheen and colorationfaultless. The suture is materially more strongly impressed and thischaracter can be followed to the third last whorl. The whorls there-fore project only slightly. The last whorl has a pronounced periph-eral keel, which does not show in pergrandis. This forms the boundarybetween the yellowish white peripheral band and the blackish browninfraperipheral zone. About 2 cm. behind the peristome, which isdecidedly deflected, the siphonlike auricle arises. This measures13-14 mm. in diameter at the base and is appressed to the precedingwhorl and projects above this for half its length. The interior ofthe siphonlike perforation is covered with a pearly callus and formsan open aperture separated from the preceding turn by a narrowslit. The siphonal puncture measures about 4r-5 mm. long. The open-ing to it is observable only when one looks at it obliquely from below.Between the peristome and the tubular structure the last whorl isfree from the preceding turn and decurrent, that is, overhangingthe aperture. The breadth of the aperture is 25 mm., and the heightobliquely measures about the same; vertically it is somewhat less.The interior of the aperture is livid white, shining, through which theinfraperipheral band shines bluish.The specimen described comes from Cundinamarica, between Bo-jaca and Tene, on the Lake of Tedropalo, Colombia, and bears thecatalog number 37582.In this species the siphonal development at the posterior angle islarger and stronger than in any other form we have seen. It alsoappears to lack the malleation described for A. (/.) mdlleatunn andA. (/.) pergrandis (Kobelt).Kobelt's figure yields the following measurements; Wliorls, 4.5;height, 26.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 54 mm. ; lesser diameter, 39 mm.Height of aperture, 18.7 mm. ; diameter, 24 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLTJSIKS OF AMERICA 191APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PICHINCHENSE, new speciesPlate 26, Fjguees 10-12Shell large, helicoid. The early whorls denuded of periostracumlivid white; on the last one the periostracum is olivaceous with abrownish tinge on the upper surface. There is a narrow white periph-eral zone, and the base is pale chestnut with an olivaceous tinge ; inte-rior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, slightlyinbent at the suture on the last turn and marked by decidedly retrac-tively curved axial riblets, which become decidedly irregular instrength and spacing on the last whorl. On this there are alsooblique malleations resembling scratches. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery feebly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated,strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial rib-lets, which become gradually intensified on the umbilical wall. Ap-erture circular, excepting the siphonlike projection at the posteriorangle; peristome slightly thickened and reflected on the inner lip;thin on the outer, where it is produced at the posterior angle to forman incomplete siphon, separated there by a narrow slit. The parie-tal wall is covered with a thick callus. The peristome is renderedincomplete by the sinus at the posterior angle. Operculum typicallyaperostomid having about 9 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316109, comes from Quito, Ecuador. It has5 whorls and measures : Height, 26.6 mm. ; greater diameter, 47.6 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 35.1 mm. Height, of aperture, 16.2 mm.; diameter,20.6 mm.This species is readily distinguished from A. (/.) malleatum by itsmore elevated spire and less strongly malleated sculpture.APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) HEDUI, new speciesPlate 26, Figures 1-31863. Cyclotus incomptus Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 8 (not Cyclo-stoma incomptum Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, SuppL,p. 160*. 1850)
.
Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid; extreme tipreddish brown, the succeeding whorls pale brown, the last whorl chest-nut-brown on the upper surface and dark chestnut-brown on thelower, with a narrow pale-brown peripheral zone. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are marked by decidedly retractively curved axial riblets,which become much enfeebled on the last whorl, where they aremerely indicated. Suture very strongly impressed, narrowly chan-neled. The last whorl is slightly decurrent near the aperture.Periphery feebly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded,
192 BULUETIIN 181, UTSPITEiD STATES NlATTOiNlAiL MUSIEUMand marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which becomemuch strengthened on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular,excepting the siphonal projection at the posterior angle; peristomethickened, almost double on the columellar lip, thin on the outer lip,where it is projected upward over the periphery of the precedingturn and backward deflected with a narrow sinus between it and thepreceding turn.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307480, comes from Brazil. It has 4.7whorls and measures : Height, 23.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 45.8 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 32.6 mm. Height of aperture, 16.7 mm.; diameter,20.5 mm.This is the most depressed of all the members we have seen, whichfeature alone readily distinguishes it from the other species.APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) INCOMPTUM (Sowerby)Plate 26, Figukes 4-61850. Cyclostoma incomptum Sowerbt, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, suppl.,p. 160*, pi. 31A, figs. 298-299.1852. Pterocyclos incomptus Pfeiffee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 1, p. 42.1853. Pterocyclos incompUis Pfeiffeji, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 235, pi. 31, figs. 1-2.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclottis) incomptus Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) incomptus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 30.Shell almost planorboid, decidedly depressed. The specimen be-fore us has lost its periostracum and is white, with a brownish tingeon all but the last whorl. (Sowerby says of the type that it is cov-ered with an olivaceous epidermis.) The nucleus consists of a littlemore than one turn, which is well rounded and smooth. The post-nuclear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by somewhat irreg-ular, broad, low, rounded, retractively curved axial riblets, whichare wider than the spaces that separate them. Suture deeply im-pressed, almost channeled. Periphery with a faint indication of athread. Base broadly openly umbilicated, showing all the whorlsin the umbilicus. The base is strongly rounded and marked like thespire. Aperture circular with a strong auricle at the posterior angle,which is reflected and almost forms a siphon. Outer lip thin; theinner lip is slightly thickened.The specimen described, U.S.N.M. No. 515940, has 4.4 whorls andmeasures : Height 17.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 36.5 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 26.0 mm. Height of aperture, 14.6 mm.; diameter, 16.5 mm.The small size and strongly reflected outer lip should readily dis-tinguish this from the other smaller species. The shell described
THE CYCLOPHORlID LAND MOLLUSIKS OF AMEIRIOA 193
is from the J. B. Henderson collection; it bears no locality data.Sowerby's specimen, which he states is in Mr. Cuming's collection,is also without locality mention.APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PIZARROI, new speciesPlate 26, Figukes 7-9Shell depressed-helicoid, chestnut-brown on the upper surface, witha narrow pale-yellow zone immediately above the periphery, whilebelow the periphery there is a broad, very dark chestnut-brown band,which extends over two-fifths of the width of the base. Anteriorto this and on the umbilical wall the shell is straw colored with abrownish flush and irregular zones of white. The nucleus consistsof 1.6 small, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare well rounded, the last one slightly flattened near the suture.The postnuclear whorls are marked by fine, closely spaced, retractivelycurved axial ribs, which are not quite as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. These riblets are very regular in strength and spac-ing. Suture rendered inconspicuous by the appressed whorl. Periph-ery well rounded, rendered angulated in appearance by the lightperipheral zone. This, however, is an optical illusion. Base openlyumbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, whichbecome strengthened on the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular,produced into a weak auricle at the posterior angle ; peristome simple,a little thicker on the inner lip than on the outer. Parietal wallcovered by a thick callus. In this species the peristone is producedinto an auricle constituting a slight channel. Operculum typicallyaperostomid, having 7 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 20109, was collected by the Wilkes Explor-ing Expedition at Maguas, Peru. It has 4.4 whorls and measures:Height, 19.9 mm.; greater diameter, 37.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 26mm. Height of aperture, 13.3 mm.; diameter, 17.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 36942 contains two additional specimens from thesame source.The large aperture readily distinguishes this species from A. (/.)nirafe. APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) NIRAFE, new speciesPlate 27, Figubes 23-25Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum on the upper surface. There is a very broaddarker band immediately anterior to the periphery, which graduallyfades into the basal color scheme. The nucleus consists of a littlemore than 2 small, well-rounded smooth whorls. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded, curving downward toward the suture and
194 BTJLLiETllN 181, UNITED STATES NIATTO'NiAiL MUSEUMmarked by irregular and irregularly depressed axial riblets, whichvary both in strength and spacing. Suture deeply impressed. Periph-ery weakly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded^and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which becomestronger and more distinct on the umbilical wall. Aperture almostcircular, produced into an auricle at the posterior angle; peristomesimple, the inner thickened; the outer thin and sharp. The last whorldescends below the periphery and so does the tip of the auricle.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 380795, was collected by R. H. Palmer in adense jungle 13 km. south of Puerta Santos, Province of Santanderdel Norte, Colombia. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2mm. ; greater diameter, 36.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 25.6 mm. Height ofaperture, 14.8 mm. ; diameter, 15.8 mm.This species recalls A. (/.) hitomi from Peru but has the axial ribsmuch less regular and the suture much more deeply channeled. Thesmall aperture distinguishes it from A. (/.) jnzar?^.APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) HITOMI, new speciesPlate 27, Figubes 26-28Shell depressed-helicoid. The early denuded whorls are pale rosecolor ; the last whorl is covered by a thin periostracum, which is paleolivaceous horn colored on the upper surface and a trifle darker onthe base. It has a rather broad light zone immediately abovethe periphery and a dark zone a little narrower than the pale onebelow the periphery, the dark zone fading anteriorly into the generalcoloration of the base. The nucleus consists of about 2 whorls, small,well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded andmarked by very regular, rather closely spaced, decidedly retractivelycurved axial riblets. The spaces that separate these riblets are aboutas wide as the riblets. On the upper surface near the aperture thereare also some oblique scratches. The summit of the turns is appressedto the suture and creeps but slightly on the preceding turn ; the suturetherefore is not channeled. The periphery is well rounded; thewhite band, however, gives it the appearance of an angulation, whichis an optical illusion. Base well rounded, moderately openly um-bilicated, and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, whichbecome stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, producedinto an auricle at the posterior angle ; peristome simple, the inner lipthickened, the outer thin, except at the posterior angle, where it be-comes thickened and bent inward over the aperture as a slight hood.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316105, was collected by Cuming at Quito,Ecuador. It has 4.7 whorls and measures : Height, 21.7 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 39.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 27 mm. Height of aperture, 14.6mm. : diameter, 17.0 mm.
THE CYOLOPHO'ROD LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEIRIOA 195This species in size resembles A. (/.) pizart^oi. It has, however, acomparatively smaller aperture ; it differs from A. (/.) nirafe in beinglarger and in having the axial riblets much more regular and closelyspaced. APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) STIRLINGI, new speciesPlate 27, Figxjres 20-22Shell helicoid, the upper surface very dark olive; below the periph-ery there is a broad, almost black band, which gradually fades intodark olive. This in turn becomes paler toward the umbilical wall.There is a pale zone immediately above the periphery. Interior ofthe aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 well-roundedsmooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are slightly flattened towardthe suture; the rest are well rounded. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by rather regular, slender, retractively curved riblets, whichare about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture moder-ately impressed. The periphery appears to be weakly angulated, butthis is an optical illusion owing to the light colored band. Base nar-rowly umbilicated for the group, marked by the continuation of theaxial riblets, which gain slightly in strength on the umbilical wall.Aperture almost circular ; peristome simple, the inner lip slightly thick-ened, the outer acute, drawn out into a slight auricle at the posteriorangle. This protraction of the outer lip at the posterior auricleproduces a ridge that extends back halfway over the whorl on theupper surface of the turn near the suture. Operculum typicallyaperostomid, showing 8 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516296, was collected by M. W. Stirling atMendez, Upper Paute Eiver, Ecuador. It has 4.4 whorls and meas-ures: Height, 15.9 mm.; greater diameter, 25 mm.; lesser diameter,17.9 mm. Height of aperture 11 mm. ; diameter, 11.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 426538 contains 17 topotypes from the same source.The small size will readily distinguish this species from all theother Incidostomas.Subgenus Austrocyclotus Bartsch (antea. p. 132)Aperostomine shells of helicoid shape, the outside surface ofwhich is marked by closely placed threads crossing each other inprotractive and retractive series, producing an engine-turned pattern.Type: Aperostoma {Austrocyclotus) stramineum (Reeve).Distribution: Panama to Ecuador and Venezuela and the WestIndies.According to Bland, the radula formula of A. (Austrocyclotus)stramineum (Reeve) is 3 : 3 : 3 : 2. The verge in A. (A.) aulari (H. B.
196 BUDLETEN 181, TINIT'EiD STATEI9 NIATTONlAiL MTJSIETJMBaker) is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles andis traversed by a seminal groove and furnished with a very shortappendage. An egg was found in the uterus of A. (A.) stramineumfrom near San Estaban, Carabobo, Venezuela. The shape of thiswas a slightly flattened sphere of about 2 mm. in diameter and 1.5mm. from pole to pole. It had a heavy transparent leathery shell.KEY TO THE MAINLAND SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AUSTROCYCLOTUSUmbilicus narrow.Shell banded granulatumShell not banded limellumUmbilicus not narrow.Umbilicus very broad panamenseUmbilicus not very broad.Periphery marked by decidedly retractively curved cords__ stramineumPeriphery not marked by decidedly retractively curvedcords.Shell bicolor.Greater diameter more than 21 mm aulariGreater diameter less than 20 mm glaucostomumShell not bicolor.Greater diameter more than 37 mm peileiGreater diameter less than 33 mm.Spiral sculpture of base strong kugleriSpiral sculpture of base not strong.Diameter more than 17 mm carabobenseDiameter less than 14 mm burringtoniAPEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRANULATUM (Pfeiffer)Plate 27, Figures 15-171862. Cyclofus grannlatus Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 275.1863. Cyclotus granulatus Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 1.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) granulatus Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) granulatus H. B. Bakb:b, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 37.Shell of medium size, helicoid, soiled white except the anterior halfbetween summit and periphery and the posterior half of the base,which are dark chestnut-brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small,well-rounded, smooth turns; the post-nuclear whorls are flattened andslightly bent in toward the suture on the anterior third between thesummit and the periphery. The rest are well rounded. They aremarked by closely spaced axial threads, which cross each other inprotracted and retracted series, forming low, more or less roundednodules at their junction. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowlyumbilicated, well-rounded and marked by the continuation of thesculpture mentioned for the spire. Here, however, the nodules are alittle larger. Aperture circular; peristome thin on the outer and
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAND MOLLU&KS OF AiMEIRIOA 197basal lip, somewhat thickened on the inner lip and parietal wall.Operculum typically australocyclotid, consisting of about 7 whorls.The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307460, comes from Ecuador.It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 16.5 mm. ; greater diameter,25.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 17.2 mm. Height of aperture, 12.2 mm.
;
diameter, 12.6 mm.The following lots are also from Ecuador, without specific locality
:
U.S.N.M. No. 316108 contains 3 specimens ; U.S.N.M. No. 315045, 1specimen ; U.S.N.M. No. 307418, 2 specimens.The narrow umbilicus and the conspicuous banding will differ-entiate this from the other Austroeijclotus.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) LIMELLUM, new speciesPlate 27, Figltses 6-8Shell of medium size, helicoid, almost subglobular, pale chestnut-brown, the last whorl a little paler than the rest, both on the spireand base. In addition to this there are obscure, rather broad axialbands of darker and lighter brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small,well-rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are appressedat the summit, well rounded, and marked by retractive and pro-tractive axial riblets, the junctions of which form weak nodules whichare more or less elongated. Suture inconspicuous. Periphery wellrounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, strongly rounded, marked likethe spire. Here the nodules are of about the same strength as onthe spire. This sculpture also extends over the umbilical wall. Ap-erture subcircular, with a rather strong angulated auricle at theposterior angle of the aperture. Peristome thin on the outer lip andsomewhat thickened and reflected on the inner lip.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515906, was collected by O. Haught in theKio Cesar Valley, Magdalena, Colombia, at an altitude somewherebetween 100 and 300 meters. It has a little more than 4 whorls andmeasures: Height, 17.5 mm.; greater diameter, 24 mm.; lesser di-ameter, 17.7 mm. Height of aperture, 12.8 mm. ; diameter, 12.8 mm.The narrow umbilicus and globular form readily distinguish thisspecies from all the other Austrocyclotus,APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) PANAMENSE (Da Costa)Plate 27, Figubes 3-51904. Neocyclotus panamensis Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 6,pi. 1, figs. 6-9.1912. Neocyclotus panamensis Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 886, pi. 131, figs. 15-17.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) panamensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 37.
198 BULLETIiN 181, UNITED SiTATElS NIATTOIISPAjL MUSEUMAs we have not seen this species we give a translation of Da Costa'sdescription and copy his figure.Shell openly umbilicated, depressed, yellowish. Whorls 4.5, rounded,marked by incremental striae and obscure retuse corrugations. Peri-stome thin, simple, the margins joined by a callus. Operculum testa-ceous, closely wound with a threadlike carina at the suture, the middleconcave. Altitude, 10 mm. ; greater diameter, 15 mm. ; lesser, 12 mm.[The aperture of Da Costa's figure gives the following measure-ments ; Height, 6.6 mm. ; diameter, 6.4 mm.]Habitat: Chiriqui, western Panama.The very broad umbilicus figured by Da Costa differentiates thisfrom the other members of the group.APEROSTOMA (AUSTKOCYCLOTUS) STRAMINEUM (Reeve)PLA-ra! 27, FiGUEES 9-111843. Cyclostoma stramineum Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 46.1843. Cyclostoma stramineum Sowekby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 93,pi. 29, figs. 211-212.1852. Cyclotiis stramineus Pfeitfee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 20.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) stramineus Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138.1923, Poteria (Neocyclotus) stramineus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 37, pi. 5, figs. N, O.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, unicolor, covered with a buff perios-tracum. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns.Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, appressed at the sum-mit and marked by numerous closely spaced axial riblets, which havea retractive and protractive arrangement, and the junction of whichproduces slender nodules, which increase in strength with the in-crease of the whorls. At the periphery these riblets have a decidedretractive slant. On the last turn those near the suture are a littlestronger and a little more protractively directed. Suture very nar-rowly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbili-cated, inflated, stongly rounded, and marked like the spire. This isalso the sculpture of the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular,protracted into a conspicuous angle at the posterior angle of theaperture ; peristome thin on the outer lip, thickened on the inner lip.The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which is slightly sep-arated from the preceding turn. Operculum typically aperostomid,concave in the middle, and having about 6 whorls.The specimen figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 316389. Ithas 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter,20.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.1 mm. Height of aperture, 8.3 mm.;diameter, 9.9 mm. The type came from Merida, Venezuela.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAJSTD M0LLUSIK9 OF AMERIOA 199There are six additional lots in the collection of the NationalMuseum, as follows : U.S.N.M. No. 252579, 7 specimens from 6 mileswest of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; U.S.N.M. No. 99535, 1 specimenfrom Puerto Cabello ; U.S.N.M. No. 339944, 1 specimen from Patan-emo, near Puerto Cabello ; U.S.N.M. No. 366506, 1 specimen from LaGuayra, Venezuela; The following lots are labeled merely "Vene-zuela"; U.S.N.M. No. 356142, 3 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 57767, 3specimens.The retractive slant of the riblets at the periphery and unicolorcoloration distinguish this from all the medium-sized forms.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) AULARI (H. B. Baker)Plate 27, Figixbes 12-141923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) glaucostonia aulari H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 37-88, pi. 5, figs. K, L, M.Shell of medium size, helicoid, the early whorls pale orange-brown,the last olivaceous. At irregular intervals there are axial bands ofbrown, which give the shell a somewhat variegated pattern ofcoloration. The nucleus consists of 1.8 small, well-rounded, smoothturns; the postnuclear whorls are well rounded, bending downwardinto the suture and appressed to the summit, the appressed portionforming a slender raised thread, marked by the retractive and pro-tractive ribbing characteristic of the group, which produces theusual granulated pattern. Suture well impressed. Periphery obso-letely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, wellrounded, and marked with the sculpture of the spire, but here thegranulation is a little more pronounced. The umbilical wall is freeof granulation, and shows mere lines of growth. Aperture circular
;
peristome simple, that of the inner lip somewhat thickened and re-flected ; the outer sharp. There is a slight angulation at the posteriorangle. Operculum typically aperostomid, having about 6 whorls.The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140908,comes from the edge of the Cerritos de Yumarito, near QuebradoSeca, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. It measures : Height, 13.7 mm.
;
greater diameter, 21.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.2 mm.In coloration this species reminds one of ^. (A.) Umellum, but itis easily differentiated from this by having a much broader umbilicusand in being less globular.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GLAUCOSTOMUM (Pfeiffer)Plate 27, Figxtees 1&-191855. Cyclostoma {Cyclotws) glaucostomtim Pfeeffee, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,vol. 23, p. 103.1858. Cyclotus glaucostom/us Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 2, p. 20.
200 BULLETIN 181, IMITED SlTATES NIATTONACL MUSEUM1863. Cyclotus glaucostoma Reeve, Conchologica iconica, vol. 14, sp. 35.1897. Neooyclotus (NeocycIMus) f^ic^t/cos^o^nws Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neooyclotus) glaucostoma glaucostoma H. B. Bakes, Occ. Pap.,Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 38.Shell umbilicated, depressed-subturbinate, solid, sculptured withirregular oblique plications and striations on the upper surface, shin-ing, chestnut colored. Spire slightly conoid, apex obtuse, smooth.Whorls 4, convex, increasing rapidly in size, the last dilated an-teriorly, slightly minutely malleatedly granulose. Umbilicus per-vious, not equaling one-fourth the diameter of the shell. Aperturescarcely oblique, subrotund, bluish pearly within ; peristome straightwith a slight angle at the posterior angle. The inner lip somewhatthickened and arched. Altitude, 9 mm.; greater diameter, 18 mm.;lesser diameter, 14 mm.Habitat: Venezuela.As we have not seen this species, we give a translation of Pfeiffer'sdescription and copy Reeve's figure.We believe this species to be related to A. (A.) aulari (H. B.Baker), from which the lesser size will differentiate it.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) PEILEI (Gude)Plate 27, Figuees 1-21912. Neooyclotus peilei Gude, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 10, p. 22 (text fig.).1912, Neocyclotus peilei Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1,sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 896, pi. 137, figs. 14-15.We have not seen this species and so quote Gude's description andcopy his figures
:
"Shell somewhat narrowly umbilicated, depressed turbinate, moreor less striated transversely, the striae being intersected by otherstriae descending obliquely forward, thus forming coarse granulesarranged in quincunx, except in a few scattered places where a portionof either set of striae is continuous, in some instances even formingzigzag lines, while near the peristome the oblique striae tend to dis-appear and the granules become obsolete. Whorls 5, convex, increas-ing rather slowly at first, the last increasing rapidly, and dilatedtoward the mouth; earlier whorls pale, becoming graduallydarker, last dark brown with blackish streaks at the lines of growth,descending slowly in front. Aperture circular, scarcely oblique;peristome simple, acute, slightly sinuate at the junction of the upperand columellar margins; operculum slightly concave. Diam. maj.39.6, min. 30 mm. ; alt. 30 mm."Type in the British Museum, presented by Major Peile.
THE CYCI.OPHORID LAHSTD M0LLUSK9 OF AMBEKIOA 201
"Its nearest ally appears to be Neocyclotus Belli^ Beddome, but thatspecies is considerably larger, and lacks the coarse granules so con-spicuous a feature in the present species."The type came from Colombia. Kobelt {he. cit.) says "Alejandrianear Medellin."The extremely lafge size of this species readily distinguishes it fromthe other members of the subgenus.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) KUGLERI. new speciesPlate 28, Figures 1-3Shell helicoid, of pale brown color on the upper surface and buffon the lower. There are also present axial streaks of irregular widthand spacing, of darker brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns ; postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, stronglyrounded, appressed at the summit and marked near the summit byshort axial rugae. Below this the usual sculpture of protractive andretractive closely spaced ribs is present, which gives to the surfacea very regular granulated appearance. Suture well impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated,well rounded, and marked like the spire, with the granulation extend-ing over the edge of the umbilicus, but not over the entire surface.Aperture circular, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peris-tome simple, that of the inner lip much thickened and slightlyreflected; the outer thin. The callus on the parietal wall shows adecided sinus near its junction with the columella. Operculum typ-ically aperostomid, of about 6 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515924, was collected by Kugler at Riecito,District Acosta, Falcon, Venezuela.U.S.N.M. No. 515925 contains 21 topotypes, which show some varia-tion in size. The largest and smallest yield the following measure-ments : Height, 23.5 mm. and 16.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 32.5 mm. and24.6 mm., respectively.In shape this species is nearest A. {A.) limellmn. It lacks, however,the flattening near the summit of the whorls and is at once differen-tiated from it by the sinus in the callus of the parietal wall.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) CARABOBENSE, new speciesPlate 28, FrotntES 4r-6Shell small, helicoid, covered with a thin, yellowish, straw-coloredperiostracum. The nucleus consists of 1.6 small, well-rounded, smoothturns, forming a rather elevated apex. The postnuclear whorls aredecidedly inflated, well-rounded, slightly flattened at the summit and
202 BULLETTN 181, UNITED SOlATEiS NATlONlAL MtTSETIMmarked by numerous short rugae on the flattened portion of the sum-mit, while the rest bear the usual retractive and protractive riblets re-sulting in the granulations characteristic of the group. Suture wellimpressed. Periphery obscurely angulated. Base narrowly um-bilicated, inflated, and marked by the granular sculpture characteristicof the spire, which extends slightly over the umbilical edge but doesnot cover all of the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, with a slightangulation at the posterior angle ; peristome simple, the inner slightlythickened and reflected ; the outer sharp. The parietal wall is coveredby a thin callus.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 339947, was collected by H. Pittier atGuaremales, Venezuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 13.4mm. ; greater diameter, 18.0 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm. Height ofaperture, 9.3 mm. ; diameter, 8.8 mm.The small size readily distinguishes this species from others of thesubgenus except A. (A.) hurrlngtoni, which is still smaller.APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) BURRINGTONI, new speciesPlate 28, Figure? 16-181923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) granadensis rugata H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 36-37, pi. 5, figs. P, Q.Shell very small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls pale reddish brown, therest of the shell gradually fading to straw color on the last turn. Thenucleus consists of 1.5 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the post-nuclear whorls are strongly rounded, somewhat flattened near thesuture, and marked by rather regular axial riblets near the suture,which become wavy anteriorly, where they assume the granular sculp-ture characteristic of the gi'oup. Suture well impressed on the earlywhorls, less so on the last. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowlyumbilicated, inflated, rounded, marked by the same type of sculptureas that which characterizes the spire. This, however, becomes en-feebled toward the umbilicus, which is free of granulation. Aperturecircular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome simple
;
that of the inner lip somewhat thickened and reflected ; the outer sharp.Operculum typically aperostomid, of about 4 whorls.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 104625, is one of fourspecimens collected by S. Brown at Cariaquita, Venezuela. It has 3.9whorls and measures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.;lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. Height of aperture, 6.6 mm.; diameter,6.3 mm.The very small size of this species easily distinguishes it from all theother Aitstrocyclotus.
THE CYCLO'PHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEEilCiA 203Subgenus Neocyclotus Fischer and Crosse1886. Neocyclotus Fischer and Ceosse, Mission scientifique au Mexique et dansI'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 148.1910. Neocyclotus Pilsbby, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 533(Cyclostoma dysoni Pfeiffer designated as type).Aperostomid mollusks with helicoid, openly umbilicated shell,marked by anastomosing axial sculpture. Aperture with the outerperistome acute, the inner somewhat thickened, and the posteriorangle slightly drawn out. Operculum covered on the outside with athick calcareous deposit, which forms a weak ridge on the inner edgeof the whorls and tapers outwardly, its surface being obliquelystriated.Type: AperostoTTia (Neocyclotus) dysoni (Pfeiffer).Distribution : Southeastern Mexico to Colombia.A. (N.) dysoni anibiguum (v. Martens) yields the following data:Radula, 3:3:3:2. Jaw without distinct median projection. Penistypically aperostomid, situated on back of neck behind the tentacleswith penal groove and short terminal appendage. The mollusk thatwe refer to as A. {N.) dysoni hinkleyi was said by Crosse andFischer to have the radula formula 3:3:3:2.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOCYCLOTUS
?
Umbilicus narrow.Summit of whorls decidedly flattened wetmoreiSummit of whorls not decidedly flattened dysoniUmbilicus wide.Umbilicus rapidly enlarged at last whorl.Suture of last whorl deeply channeled corpulentumSuture of last whorl not deeply channeled sanctaemarthaeUmbilicus not rapidly enlarged at last whorl ; regularly increas-ing from apex chrysacmeAPEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) WETMOREI, new speciesPlate 41, Figuees 13-15Shell subglobular, covered with a dark olivaceous-brown perios-tracum, which is axially irregularly streaked with wood-brown lines.Interior of aperture bluish white, with a livid cast. Nuclear whorlsdecollated in all our specimens. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded and marked by retractively slanting, more or less interruptedaxial riblets, which give an almost nodulose aspect to the surface ofthe shell. The axial elements are separated from the interspaces bya width about equaling them. Suture moderately well constricted.Periphery strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, nar-rowly openly umbilicated. The posterior half is marked like the
3 We have not included A. (N.) smithi Pilsbry and Clapp in this l^ey, as we have not seenspecimens of it.
204 BULLETTN 181, XINITEiD SWATEI9 NlA'TTOfMAiL MUSEtUMupper surface, while the anterior half has the riblets more irregularand less nodulose. On the umbilical wall the axial riblets becomesomewhat intensified both in strength and irregularity. Aperturesubcircular, slightly auriculated posteriorly. Outer lip of the peri-stome thin, the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is cov-ered by a moderately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No 536033, was collected by Dr. AlexanderWetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr., at Tierra Nueva, Sierra Negros,Magdalena, Colombia. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures:Height, 22.6 mm.; greater diameter, 28.7 mm.; lesser diameter,21.4 mm. Height of aperture, 15.4 mm. ; diameter, 15.0 mm.The jaw is typically aperostomid, and the radula has the formula3:3:3:2.U.S.N.M. No. 536034 contains six topotypes.This species resembles A. (N.) smithi Pilsbry and Clapp, fromwhich it can readily be distinguished by its very narrow umbilicus.From the dysoni group it can be distinguished by its broadly flattenedshoulder at the summit.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI (Pfeiffer)Shell helicoid, varying greatly in size in the different races, coveredwith a thin periostracum, which varies materially in color in the dif-ferent subspecies ; it may be unicolor or bicolor, that is the base maybe of a different shade from that of the spire. The nuclear turns areabout 2, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are wellrounded and marked by vermiculations, which also vary greatly instrength in the different forms. The base is well rounded, openlyumbilicated, the umbilication varying in width in the different races.The umbilical wall bears axial riblets that also vary in strength withthe subspecies. Aperture almost circular; peristome simple, that ofthe inner lip usually thickened. Operculum tj'^pically neocyclotid.The following key will help to differentiate the subspecies:KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONIShell gigantic; greater diameter raore than 33 mm dyeriShell not gigantic ; greater diameter less than 30 mm.Axial sculpture rather strongly vermiculated.Vermiculations fine and closely spaced.Shell large; greater diameter more than 27 mm hinkleyiShell small; greater diameter less than 22 mm ruatanenseVermiculations not fine or closely spaced.Whorls somewhat flattened toward the summit.Greater diameter more than 25 mm dysoniGreater diameter less than 20 mm aureumWhorls not flattened toward the summit.Columellar tip thickened sumichrastiColumellar tip not thickened affine
THE CYCLOPHO'RID LAND MOLLUS'KS OF AMERICA. 205Axial sculpture not strongly vermiculated.Axial ribs of penultimate whorl straight.Sculpture rough and coarse ambiguumSculpture not rough or coarse.Spiral bands present berendtiSpiral bands absent salleiAxial ribs of penultimate whorl not straight.Base bicolor valerioiBase not bicolor.Axial sculpture of umbilical wall very coarse? nicaraguenseAxial sculpture of umbilical wall not coarse cookeiAPEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI DYERI, new subspeciesPlate 28, Figures 31-33Shell gigantic for the species, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous-buff periostracum. When denuded the early whorls are rose red, thelast soiled white; interior of aperture soiled white. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearturns are well rounded except near the summit, where they becomeflattened, almost forming a groove, but immediately at the summitthey are again upturned and appressed to the preceding whorl. Theyare rather coarsely sculptured by irregular, wavy, anastomosing, re-tractively curved axial riblets. They are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. Suture slightly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base narrowly, openly umbilicated, inflated, and marked bythe same type of sculpture as that which characterizes the upper sur-face of the last whorl. This type of sculpture stops at the outer edgeof the umbilicus; the latter shows only coarse riblike incrementallines. Aperture almost circular, drawn out into an obtuse angle atthe posterior angle of the aperture ; peristome simple, that of the outerlip thin, while the columellar peristome is thickened and shows linesof growth; the inner lip extends up over the parietal wall almostundiminished, leaving a channel between the preceding turn and itsouter edge, which gives the last whorl a slightly solute aspect; how-ever the whorl itself is not solute, for the apex of the projection at theposterior angle is adnate to the preceding turn. The operculum istypically neocyclotid.The type U.S.N.M. No. 215592, was collected by F. J. Dyer at LaCeiba, Honduras. It has 4.7 whorls and measures : Height, 24.6 mm.
;
greater diameter, 33.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 23.3 mm. Height ofaperture, 15,4 mm. ; diameter, 16.8 mm.The following topotypes are also in the collection of the NationalMuseum : No. 322333, 3 specimens ; No. 424545, 10 specimens, and No.404673, 2 specimens.The large size of this subspecies readily differentiates it from theother subspecies of this group.428349?42 14
206 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STtATES NIATIOINAIL MUSEUMAPEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI HINKLEYI, new sabspeciesPlate 28, Figtjees 19-21Shell rather large, helicoid, covered with a brownish-olivaceousperiostracum. The anterior two-fifths of the base and umbilical wall,however, is paler than the rest of the base, and this gives to the basea bicolor effect. When denuded all the whorls are soiled flesh colored
;
interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of a littlemore than 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded except at the suture, where on the last whorlthere is a decided groove a little below the summit ; the summit itselfis again elevated and appressed to the preceding turn. The postnu-clear whorls are marked by strong, retractively curved, anastomosing,irregularly wavy riblets, which are as wide as the spaces that separatethem. These riblets are rather fine compared with most of the mem-bers of the genus, and closely spaced. Suture well impressed. Periph-ery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbili-cated, the width of the umbilicus being about one-fifth of the diameterof the shell. The base is marked by the continuation of the sculpture,which characterizes the upper surface of the last turn. The umbilicalwall, however, has only riblike incremental elements, which extendupon the base slightly beyond the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aper-ture almost circular, slightly drawn out at the junction of the outerand basal lip and provided with a slender auricle at the posteriorangle ; peristome simple ; the outer lip sharp, the inner thickened andsomewhat reflected, extending up over the parietal wall almost un-diminished to the posterior angle. The space between the peristomeof the parietal wall and the preceding whorl is an impressed groove,which gives the impression of the last whorl being slightly solute.This, however, is not the case, for the tip of the little auricle is ap-pressed to the preceding turn. The parietal callus forms a concavesinus as it slopes toward the columella. Operculum typically neo-cyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523968, was collected by F. Sarg in Guate-mala. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 19.7 mm.; greaterdiameter, 28.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.4 mm. Height of aperture,14.2 mm. ; diameter, 14.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 32056 contains two topotypes.In addition to these there are eight lots in the collection of theUnited States National Museum, all from Guatemala, as follows:No. 426003, 2 specimens from Cacao Finca, Trece Aguas, near Senahu,Alta Vera Paz; No. 365367, 1 specimen from Chama, Alta Vera Paz;No. 365666, 2 specimens from Chama, Alta Vera Paz; No. 226026, 2specimens from Cacao; No. 425985, 3 specimens from the vicinity ofSecanquim, Alta Vera Paz, at an altitude of 550 meters; No. 185498,
-THE CYCOLOPHORiD LAND MOLLUSTtS OP AMERTCIA 2073 specimens from the vicinity of Seeanquim, Alta Vera Paz No.271019, 5 specimens from Myra Farm, Quirigua ; No. 250694, 3 speci-mens from Finca de Providencia.The following four are without specific locality: U.S.N.M. No.57769, 4 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 162314, 8 specimens; "U.S.N.M.No. 316392, 2 specimens, and U.S.N.M. No. 316390, 2 specimens.This subspecies shares with A. (N.) dysoni matanense the fine,closely spaced vermiculation and the bicolor base, but it differs fromit in being much larger.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI RUATANENSE, new subspeciesPlate 28, Figures 7-9Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with a dark straw-coloredperiostracum ; when denuded, soiled white. The nucleus consists of2 small, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuelear whorls arestrongly rounded, slightly bent in toward the suture at the summit,and marked by strong axial anastomosing retractively curved ver-miculations, which are separated by spaces about as wide as theriblets. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded.Base narrowly openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded,and marked like the spire, except the umbilical wall, which is markedby riblike incremental elements. Aperture circular, except a slightangulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple, thin on theouter lip and thickened on the columellar side. A strong calluscovers the parietal wall. There is a groove between this callus andthe preceding turn, which gives the peristome a complete aspect.An oval incised sinus is present on the parietal wall. Operculumtypically neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 364702, was collected by F. J. Dyer onKuatan Island, Honduras. It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height,13.3 mm.; greater diameter, 19.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 14 mm.Height of aperture, 9.6 mm. ; diameter, 9.5 mm.This race resembles A. {N.) dysoni hinkleyi in sculpture and inthe bicolor basal coloration but is easily distinguished from this bylacking the impressed groove below the summit and by its muchsmaller size.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI DYSONI (Pfeiffcr)Plate 28, Figubes 28-301851. Cyclostoma dysoni Pfeiffeb, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol, 19, p. 243.1852. Cyclophorus dysoni Pfedter, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 98.1853. Cyclostoma dysoni Pfeipfee, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, p. 259, pi. 35, figs 5-6.
208 BULLETIQSr ISl, UlSriTED SrriATES NIATIOINIAIL MUSEUM1858. Cyclotus dysoni Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 2, p. 19.1860. Platystoma (Aperostoma) dysoni Morch, Malak. Blatter, vol. 7, p. 66,1888. Neocyclotus dysoni Fischee and Ceosse, Mission scientifique au Mexiqueet dans TAm^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 164, in part.1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana,p. 3, in part.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 33.Shell rather large, helicoid, covered by an olivaceous straw-coloredperiostracum, in which the last whorl has an orange tinge. Theanterior half of the base has a paler coloration than the posteriorhalf, which gives this a bicolor aspect; interior of the aperturebluish white. When denuded the shell is soiled white. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded; the last one has an impressed groove alittle below the summit, which is upturned and appressed to thepreceding turn almost forming a cord. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by rather coarse, vermiculated, slightly retractively slantingriblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them.Suture well marked. Periphery well rounded. Base openly um-bilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by the continuationof the sculpture that characterizes the upper surface of the lastwhorl, except the umbilical wall, which is marked only by riblikeincremental lines. Aperture circular, except the slightly drawn-outangle at the posterior angle ; peristome simple, that of the outer lipthin; the inner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is coveredby a thick callus, which continues the columellar lip to the posteriorangle. There is a deep impressed line behind the parietal callus,which is slightly Innately incised. The operculum is typicallyneocyclotid.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.321029, received from Sowerby and Fulton and labeled "Honduras."It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 18.7 mm. ; greater diameter,25.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 18 mm. Height of aperture, 13 mm.;diameter, 13 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 316388 contains two specimens received from Cum-ing from Honduras; U.S.N.M. No. 321025, three specimens collectedby C. T. Simpson in Spanish Honduras.This subspecies most closely resembles A. (N.) dysoni aurernn.Like aureum, it does not have the axial riblets fine or closely spaced,and like it it has the whorls somewhat flattened toward the summit,but it is easily distinguished from aureum by its much larger size,exceeding 25 mm. in greater diameter, while aureum has less than20 mm.
THE CYiCJLOPHO'RID LAND MOLLUS'KS OF AMERICA 209APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AUREUM, new subspeciesPlate 28, Figures 13-151886. Neocyclotus dysoni Fischer and Cbosse (part), Mission scientifique aumexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 39, fig. 10.Shell small, helicoid, covered with a golden straw-colored periostra-cum. When denuded, soiled white ; interior of aperture bluish white.The nucleus consists of almost 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, slightly flattened belowthe suture on the last whorl and marked by decidedly retractivelycurved vermiculations, which are rather distantly spaced. Suturestrongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly openlyumbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continua-tion of the same type of sculpture as that characterizing the uppersurface of the last whorl, except the umbilical wall, which is markedby riblike incremental lines only. Aperture rather small, almost cir-cular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome thin on theouter lip, somewhat thickened on the inner lip, with a strong callus cov-ering the parietal wall, which is slightly emarginate. Operculum typ-ically neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523970, comes from Panistlahuaca, Oaxaca,Mexico. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.2 mm.; greaterdiameter, 18.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.7 mm. Height of aperture, 8.7mm. ; diameter, 9.4 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 320656 contains three topotypes.This subspecies resembles ^. (N.) dysoni dysoni (Pfeiffer) in havingthe vermiculations not fine or closely spaced but is easily distinguishedfrom it by its coloration and by being much smaller. The greater di-ameter is less than 20 mm., while in dysoni it is more than 25 mm.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI SUMICHRASTI, new subspeciesPlate 28, Figtjees 25-27Shell helicoid. Nuclear whorls eroded in all our specimens. Post-nuclear whorls strongly rounded, with a depressed slight groove a lit-tle anterior to the summit of the last whorl. The summit itself is ap-pressed to the preceding turn. The whorls are marked by retractivelyslanting anastomosing axial riblets, which are rather strong and sepa-rated by spaces a little wider than the riblets. Suture well impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly, openly umbilicated, inflated,strongly rounded and marked like the upper surface of the last whorl,except the umbilical wall, which is marked by strong riblike incremen-tal elements. Aperture large, subcircular, with a rather conspicuousangulation at the posterior angle, which bears a slight groove in themiddle ; peristome simple, outer lip thin ; the inner thickened and very
210 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD STATES NlATIOOSTiAL MUSEUM
strongly arched, forming a decidedly sigmoid line with the callus ofthe parietal wall. The parietal callus is thick and separated fromthe preceding whorl by a stronger impressed line. Operculum typi-cally neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523674, was collected by F. E. Sumichrast inChontales Forest, Nicaragua. It has 3.2 whorls remaining and meas-ures; Height, 17.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.5 mm. ; lesser diameter,16.3 mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm. ; diameter, 13.1 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 24023 contains 2 topotypes.In size and sculpture this subspecies recalls A. (N.) dysoni afrne(v. Martens) , from which it can be distinguished by its more thickenedinner lip, which is also more incised on the parietal wall. The pos-terior angle of the aperture is also much more strongly angulated andthe aperture is not quite so wide.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AFFINE (von Martens)Plate 28, Figxjbes 22-241890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni afflnis von Martens, Biologia CentraU-Americana, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 1.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dysoni afflnis Kobelt and Mollendorff,Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni afflnis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 34.Shell rather large, helicoid, rather thin, covered with an olivaceousstraw-colored periostracum ; the anterior half of the base is a littlepaler than the rest. The denuded early whorls are of livid color;the later turns, when denuded, are soiled white. The nucleus con-sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare strongly rounded, except the last, which has an impressed groovea little below the summit while at the summit it is appressed to the pre-ceding turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by vermiculated,retractively slanting axial riblets, which are a little more distantlyspaced than the spaces that separate them. Suture well impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, marked onthe posterior half by the sculpture corresponding to that of theupper surface of the last turn. The anterior half and umbilicalwall are marked by rather coarse, rather riblike incremental elements.Aperture subcircular ; peristome simple, rather effuse on the outer lip,not greatly thickened on the inner lip. The parietal wall is coveredby a moderately thick callus. The junctions of the parietal wall andthe outer lip form a slight angle at the posterior angle of the aperture.Operculum typically neocyclotid.The specimen described and figured is one of five, U.S.N.M. No.228661, collected by August Busck in Panama. It has 4.4 whorls and
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEiBICA 211
measures : Height, 18.7 mm. ; greater diameter, 25.8 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 17.7 mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm. ; diameter, 13 mm.This subspecies resembles A. (N.) dysoni sumichrasti but is larger,with a thinner, less effuse columellar lip and a more effuse outerlip. The posterior angle of the aperture also is less strongly produced.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AMBIGUUM (von Martens)PiATE 28, Figures 10-121890. Cijclotus (Aperostomu) dysoni amUguus von Mabtens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 4.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguus Kobelt and Moixendobef,Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni amUguus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 34.Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous straw-colored periostracum. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smoothturns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly, evenly rounded,not flattened at the summit. The riblets on the penultimate whorlare straight and retractively curved; on the last whorl, the last halfof which is very short, rough, and coarse, the axial sculpture assumesa vermiculated form separated by spaces a little wider than the ribs.Suture rendered strongly impressed by the slightly inbent summitof the turns. Periphery well rounded. Base quite narrowly umbili-cated, strongly inflated and rounded. The posterior half is markedlike the upper surface of the last turn; the anterior half is markedby very rough, riblike, flattened incremental elements. Aperturesubcircular, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristomesimple, the outer lip thin, the inner lip a little expanded and a littlereflected near the umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a mod-rately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.56966, collected by the Mexican Geographical Commission at Jalapa,Veracruz, Mexico. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 16.7mm. ; greater diameter, 22.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. Heightof aperture, 11 mm. ; diameter, 11.5 mm.Three additional lots are in the collection of the National Museum
:
No. 58314, one specimen from Actopan, Veracruz, collected by theMexican Geographical Commission; the other two lots are labeled
"Mexico," without specific locality. One of these, No. 321009, con-tains one specimen collected by Salle; the other. No. 321026, con-tains two specimens from the Redfield collection.This subspecies recalls A. {N.) dysoni berendti (Pfeiffer) but canreadily be differentiated by its larger size and the absence of spiralmarkings.
212 BULLETIOSr 181, UNITEiD STlATElS NiATTOdSIlAiL MUSEUMAPEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI BERENDTI (Pfeiffer)Plate 29, Figures 4-6
1861. Cyclotus (?) berendti Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatter, vol. 8, p. 171.1863. Cyclotus berendti Pfeiffer, Nov. Conch., vol. 2, p. 232, pi. 59, figs. 22-23.1886. Neocijclotus berendti Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexiqueet dans I'Amerique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pi. 38, figs. 4-5.1888. Neocyclotus berendti Fischer and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 167.1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni bereiidti voN Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Moll., p. 5.1891. Cyclotus dysoni form multilineatus Pilsbrt, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-delphia, 1891, p. 325.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) 'berendti H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 33.Shell depressed, somewhat helicoid, covered with an olivaceousstraw-colored periostracum showing spiral white lines. The nucleusconsists of 2.2 small, rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare strongly rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked on thepenultimate whorl 'by straight, retraotively curved axial riblets,which here are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Onthe last turn the axial sculpture becomes vermiculated with a re-tractive slant. The axial sculpture is not strong. Suture renderedstrongly impressed by the inbent summit of the whorls. Peripherywell rounded. Base narrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, rounded,with the axial sculpture characteristic of the upper surface of thelast turn, bending over the posterior half of the base, gradually fad-ing toward its center. The anterior half and the umbilical wallare marked by strong, riblike, incremental elements. Aperture sub-circular, with a slight angulation at the posterior angle; outer lipthin, effuse; the inner lip much less strongly curved than the outerand somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is rendered completeby the continuation of the peristome from the columella to the pos-terior angle. This renders the last whorl slightly solute; in somespecimens decidedly so. The parietal callus is ovally incised. Oper-culum typically neocyclotid.The specimen described and figured is one of 10, U.S.N.M. No.251715, collected by Nelson and Goldman at Chichen Itza, Yucatan.It has 4.3 whorls and measures : Height, 13.5 mm. ; greater diameter,19.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 14 mm. Height of aperture, 8.3 mm.;diameter, 9.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 467450 contains four additional specimens from thesame locality, while U.S.N.M. No. 424551 contains 45 specimensin various stages of growth from the same locality collected by Mr.and Mrs. Walter M. Gilbert, U.S.N.M. No. 162495 contains one speci-men received from H. von Ihering labeled "Yucatan"; U.S.N.M.
THE CY'OLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKHCIA 213No. 251716, seven specimens collected by Nelson and Goldman atCampeche, Campeche, Mexico.The partially solute last turn, somewhat depressed spire, and spirallines will differentiate this from the other subspecies.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI SALLEI, new namePlvte 29, Figures 7-91890. Cyclottis (Aperostoma) dysoni minor von Mabtens, Biologia Ontrali-Americana, pi. 1, fig. 2 (not Cyolotus cormgatior minor Chitty, 1857).1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni minor H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 33.Shell very small, helicoid, the early whorls pale pinkish, the laterdarker pink, and the last olive colored with axial darker streaks;interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are some-what inflated, strongly rounded ; the penultimate one marked by veryregular, retractively slanting axial riblets, which are as wide as thespaces that separate them. On the last turn these riblets becomeenfeebled and vermiculated and a little more distantly spaced.Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base nar-rowly openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked on theposterior half by the weak continuation of the sculpture character-izing the upper surface of the last whorl. The umbilical wall showsmere incremental lines. Aperture subcircular; peristome thin, theouter effuse at the junction of the basal and outer lip; the innerstrongly curved and somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is cov-ered by a moderately thick callus. There is an oval concave flexureextending from the posterior angle to the columella. Operculumtypically neocyclotid.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.151376, collected by Salle in Yucatan. It has 4 whorls and measures
:
Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 14.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.9 mm.Height of aperture, 7 mm. ; diameter, 7.2 mm.U.S.N.M, No. 68008 contains another specimen without specificlocality.Its small size will readily differentiate this from all the other races.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI VALERIOI. new subspeciesPlate 29, Figures 19-21Shell rather large, helicoid, all but the last whorl pale rose colored
;
the last whorl pale olive with the anterior half of the base lighter.There are also axial streaks of dark olive. The nucleus consistsof 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls
214 BULLETEN 181, UNITEiD STATES NlATTOINlAiL MUSEUM
are somewhat inflated, well rounded. The penultimate whorl ismarked by somewhat wavy, retractively slanting axial ribs; thewaviness and vermiculations of these become intensified on thelast turn, the last part of which is very rough and irregular insculpture. The last whorl rounds evenly toward the summit, leav-ing, however, a narrow, somewhat thickened, rounded cord near thesuture. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Basenarrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded and marked bythe continuation of the sculpture, which characterizes the uppersurface of the last whorl, except the umbilical wall, in whichthe vermiculations are not present, and which is marked by moder-ately rough riblike incremental elements. Aperture very broadlypear-shaped, produced at the posterior angle; peristome simple, theouter lip slightly thickened ; the inner a trifle more so. The parietalwall is covered by a callus as thick as the columellar lip, and separatedfrom the preceding turn by a well-impressed groove. Operculumtypically neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524003, was received from M. Valerio andcomes from an elevation of 1,480 meters at Cervantes, Costa Kica.It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 20 mm.; greater diameter,26 mm.; lesser diameter, 18 mm. Height of aperture, 12.5 mm.;diameter, 12.9 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 525005 contains three topotypes from the same source.This subspecies has the axial ribs of the penultimate whorl vermicu-lated and the base bicolor, characters that differentiate it from A. (N.)nicaraguense, in which the base is not bicolor. A. (N.) nicaraguensealso is smaller.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI NICARAGUENSE, new subspeciesPlate 29, Figthjes 16-18Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered by a pale olivaceous peri-ostracum, with the early whorls pinkish. The nucleus consists of 2small well-rounded whorls. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded ; the penultimate one is marked by wavy axial riblets, whichare a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. The lastwhorl is marked by feeble, more wavy, slightly vermiculated axialriblets, which grow irregular on the last portion of this turn. Thereis a slight impressed area a little below the summit, which is tumid.Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base quite nar-rowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the con-tinuation of the sculpture, which characterizes the upper surface ofthe last turn and which extends to the umbilical wall. The umbilicalwall is marked by irregular low riblike incremental lines. Aperturevery broadly ovate, slightly angiilated at the posterior angle ; peristome
THE CYOLOPHO'RID LAND MOLLUiSfKS OF AMERHCIA 215
simple, both the outer and inner lips somewhat thickened. The pari-etal wall is covered by a heavy callus, which renders the peristome com-plete. There is a slight impressed line between this callus and thepreceding turn. Operculum typically neocyclotid.Tlie type, U.S.N.M. No. 524005, comes from Polvon, Nicaragua. Ithas 4.7 whorls and measures : Height, 16.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.1mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.1 mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm. ; diame-ter, 10.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 4087T9 contains 17 topotypes. U.S.N.M. No. 36863contains 20 specimens collected by Dr. Flint in Nicaragua. U.S.N.M.No. 347613, 1 specimen from Dirio, Nicaragua.The following four lots came from Nicaragua without specific local-ity : U.S.N.M. No. 43478, 3 specimens ; U.S.N.M. No. 21729, 1 specimen
;
U.S.N.M. No. 57770, 3 specimens ; and U.S.N.M. No. 11249, 2 specimens.This subspecies, while related to A. {N.) dysoni valerioi, can readilybe distinguished from it by not having the base bicolor.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI COOKEI, new subspeciesPlate 29, Figures 10-12Shell rather small, helicoid. The first whorl pale flesh colored;all but the last of the succeeding turns rose-red ; the latter bright oliveor pale chestnut-brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded. Thepenultimate turn is marked by wavy axial riblets, which are not quiteso wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last whorl theseriblets become more wavy, slightly vermiculated, and less stronglydeveloped, becoming evanescent on the last portion of the turn. Suturerather strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowlyumbilicated, inflated, marked by the same sculpture found on the uppersurface of the last whorl, except on the umbilical wall, which showsfeeble riblike incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, with an angu-lation at the posterior angle, somewhat effuse at the junction of thebasal and outer lip ; peristome simple, the outer thin ; the inner slightlythickened and a little more curved than the outer. The parietal wallwith a moderately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524006, was collected by C. Wythe Cooke, forwhom the species is named, at Uaxactun, Peten Province, Guatemala.It has 4.3 whorls and measures : Height, 12.6 mm. ; greater diameter,16.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12 mm. Height of aperture, 8.3 mm. ; diam-eter, 8.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 382745 contains 140 topotypes representing variousstages of development which show great variation in size. The ex-tremes are represented by the following figures : The smallest has 3.7
216 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES MATIOiNlAL MUSEUM
whorls and ineasuies: Height, 7.6 mm.; greater diameter, 15 mm.;lesser diameter, 8 mm. Height of aperture, 5.1 mm. ; diameter, 5.5mm. The largest specimen has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 14.1mm.; greater diameter, 19.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.6 mm. Heightof apertm-e, 8.9 mm. ; diameter, 9.5 mm.This species is quite widely distributed ; we have it from the follow-ing Guatemalan stations: U.S.N.M. No. 377979, 1 specimen collectedby H. F. Loomis at Uaxactun, Peten Province ; U.S.N.M. No. 302030,42 specimens collected by W. Popenoe at Magalango ; U.S.N.M. No.423977, 7 specimens collected by H. van der Schalie li/4 miles southof Flores, Peten Province; U.S.N.M. No. 423978, 5 specimens collectedby van der Schalie 2 km. south of Puebla Nueva, Peten Province;U.S.N.M. No. 423976, 6 specimens collected by van der Schalie 2 km.south of Puebla Nueva, Peten Province ; U.S.N.M. No. 484860, 1 speci-men collected by O. F. Cook at Cacao.In addition to these, there are 10 lots of this subspecies from BritishHonduras, as follows: U.S.N.M. No. 251123, 1 specimen from nearPunta Gorda, 7 miles'west of the Caribbean Sea, collected by J. Lyman
;
U.S.N.M. No. 382737, 33 specimens collected by C. Wythe Cooke atEl Cayo, 1 mile on the Benque Viejo road; U.S.N.M. No. 382738, 37specimens collected by C. Wythe Cooke at the foot of a limestone hill,left bank of the Belize River 11/2 miles above El Cayo; U.S.N.M. No.382714, 36 specimens collected west of Gales Point by C. Wythe CookeU.S.N.M. No. 193013, 2 specimens from the Cayo District collected byW. A. Stanton.Several others do not have specific localities but are labeled merely
"Honduras." These are : U.S.N.M. No. 356080, 4 specimens collectedby J. H. Campbell; U.S.N.M. No. 316388, 1 specimen; U.S.N.M. No.150728, 6 specimens collected by Ingersoll; U.S.N.M. No. 150734, 1specimen collected by W. A. Stanton ; U.S.N.M. No. 20111, 1 specimencollected by Dyson.This subspecies is nearest related to A. (N.) nicajraguense, but dif-fers from it in having the axial sculpture within the umbilicus muchmore feebly developed, as well as in being much smaller.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) SMITHI Pilsbry and ClappPlate 30, Figures 22, 271902. Aperostoma smithi Pilsbry and Clapp, Nautilus, vol. 15, pp, 135-136, pi.7, figs. 5, 8.1923. Poteria (Neocijclotus) smithi H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 33.We have not seen specimens of this species and copy Pilsbry andClapp's description and figure
:
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MO'LLU'SKS OF AMERICA 217
"Shell rather narrowly, deeply umbilicate, low-turbinate, very darkchestnut with indistinct wide, black streaks, the eroded inner whorlsdull red; moderately solid. Surface glossy, with sculpture of closerib-striae, which are a little waved or crimped. Whorls fully 4, con-vex, rapidly widening. Aperture large, moderately oblique, circular,a trifle angular above. Peristome blunt, continuous, in contact withthe preceding whorl for a short distance only. Umbilicus deep, itsdiameter contained 9 or 10 times in that of the shell.
"Alt. 14, diam. 20 mm. ; length of aperture 10.5, width 10 mm.
"Alt. 14.5, diam. 19.5 mm. ; length of aperture 10.8, width 10 mm.Operculum whitish externally, composed of about 6 flat whorls arounda sunken, corneous nucleus about 1 mm. diam. Internally there is aslight central mucro, which lies just within the edge of the dull scarof attachment. Diam. 9 mm.
"Santa Marta Mts. at El Libano [Colombia], at 6,500 feet eleva-tion, under decaying leaves in forest.
"It is about the size of A. dysoni, but with stronger, straighter rib-striae and slightly more oblique aperture. A. pdzi Crosse is somewhatsimilar, but has a wider umbilicus, smaller aperture and is more de-pressed. A. smithi has a much smaller umbilicus than A. sanctae-marthae at any stage of growth; the aperture is larger and moreoblique, the color is darker, and the operculum differs. This speciesis respectfully dedicated to Mr. H. H. Smith."APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) CORPULENTUM (E. A. Smith)Plate 29, FiGtmBS 1-31878. Cyclotus corpuJentns E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 482.1897. Neoci/clotus (Neocyclotus) corpulentus Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) corpulentus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 43.Shell helicoid, covered with a bright chestnut-brown periostracum,which is of about the same shade on the spire and base; interior ofaperture pale buff. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded andmarked by weak, slender, wavy, somewhat vermiculated axial riblets,which become decidedly reduced on the last portion of the last turn.Suture profoundly broadly channeled. Periphery well rounded.Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked bythe continuation of the axial riblets, which pass over the umbilicalwall. Aperture very large, almost circular, slightly flattened towardthe base and weakly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome sim-ple ; outer lip thin ; inner lip thickened. The parietal wall is covered
218 BULLETIIN 181, inSTITET) STATES NlAfTIODSriAiL MUSEUMby a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turn by aslender groove which renders the peritreme complete. Operculumtypically neocyclotid, having 7 whorls.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 192951, was col-lected by H. Pittier in the Eio Frio Basin, Sierra Nevada de SantaMartha Mountains, at an altitude of 1,200 meters, San Andres, Colom-bia. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.1 mm.; greaterdiameter, 31 mm.; lesser diameter, 20 mm. Height of aperture,14.6 mm.; diameter, 14.9 mm.This species resembles A. (N.) sancfaemarthae Pilsbry and Clapp,from which it can be distinguished readily, however, by its exceed-ingly deeply and broadly channeled suture and by its larger aperture.APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) SANCTAEMARTHAE Pilsbry and ClappPlate 29, Figubes 22-241902. Aperostoma sanctaemarthae Pilsbby and Clapp, Nautilus, vol. 15, pp.134-135, pi. 7, figs. 9-10.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) sanctaemarthae H. B. Bakek, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 43.Shell helicoid, covered with a broad, rather dark chestnut-brownperiostracum ; interior of aperture pale buff with a bluish tinge. Thenucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by slender,wavy, somewhat vermiculated, retractively curved axial ribs. Suturestrongly impressed, with a slight narrow channel on the last quarterof the last turn. Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbili-cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation ofthe axial ribs, which grow into rather strong riblets on the umbilicalwall. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle;peristome simple, the outer lip moderately thickened; the inner alittle more so. A moderately straight callus covers the parietal wall,from which it is separated by an impressed line, thus rendering theperitreme complete. Operculum typically neocyclotid, showing 7volutions.The type, Carnegie Mus. No. 62.15065, comes from Las Nubes Estate,4,000 feet elevation, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. It has 4.3whorls and measures : Height, 19.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 31.4 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 21.2 mm. Height of aperture, 13.4 mm.; diameter,14.4 mm.This species is nearest related to A. (N.) corpulentum, (E. A.Smith), from which it can be readily distinguished by its muchless channeled suture and smaller aperture.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLU&KS OP AMEiRICiA 219APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) CHRYSACME. new speciesPlate 29, Figures 13-151906. Neocyclotus (Neocydotus) chrysacme [Bartsch] Fluck, Nautilus, vol.20, p. 4 (nomen nudum).Shell depressed-lielicoid ; the first 1.5 and the last 1.5 turns strawcolored; the intermediate whorls golden. The last whorl in addi-tion shows broad, regular hydrophanous zones, of which 3 arepresent between the summit and periphery and 3 on the anteriorhalf of the base. The nucleus consists of 1.7 very small, stronglyrounded, smooth turns ; the postnuclear whorls are marked by wavy,vermiculated, slender riblets, which are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. The last whorl slightly deflected. Base openly umbili-cated, strongly rounded, and marked with the sculpture character-izing the upper surface of the last turn. In the umbilical wall,however, the axial sculpture consists of regular straight poorly de-veloped riblets. Aperture large, circular; outer lip thin, somewhateffuse and slightly reflected; inner lip somewhat thickened. Theparietal wall is covered by a callus.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 186112, was collected by the Kev. WilliamH. Fluck near Wani, Nicaragua. It has 5 whorls and measures:Height, 13.2 mm.; greater diameter, 20.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 14mm. Height of aperture, 9 mm. ; diameter, 9.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 524007, a topotype, is a little larger but is a badlyworn specimen that shows the inner peristome much thickened, par-ticularly on the parietal wall. The extremely low spire will readilydistinguish this from the other species.Subgenus Cylcopomops, new name1847. Cyclopoma Tboschel, Arch. Naturg., vol. 13, p. 381 (not Cyclopoma Agas-siz, Recherches sur les poissons fossiles . . ., vol. 4, p. 17, 1833).Small amphicyclotid moUusks having the inflated whorls markedby elevated axial ribs. Umbilicus open. Operculum too large tobe withdrawn into the aperture.Type : Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi (Pfeiffer).Distribution: Bahia, Brazil.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOPOMOPS) MORICANDI (Pfeiffer)Plate 40, Figuees 7-91846. Cyclostoma disjunctum Moeicand, Mem. Soc. Geneve, vol. 11, p. 158, pi. 5,figs. 26-29 (not Cyclostoi7i<i disjunctcu Matheron, Ann. Sci. Midi France,vol. 3, p. 59, 1832).1847. Cyclophorus disjunctus Pfeiffeb, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 108.1847. Cyclopoma disjunctum Tboschel, Archiv Naturg., vol. 2, p. 381.
220 BULLETIN 181, UNIT'EiD STATE? NATlOaSTlAiL MUSEUM1852. Cyclostoma moricandi Pfeeffer, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 9, p. 64.1897. Amphicyclotvs moricandi Pfeiffer, Kobei.t and Mollendorff, Nachrb.,deutsclien malak, (Jes., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell minute, helicoid, bluish white. The nucleus consists of 1.5inflated, well-rounded whorls, of which the first half turn is smooth
;
the rest bears 7 slender spiral threads. Postnuclear whorls inflated,strongly rounded. The first half turn bears the continuation of thespiral threads characterizing the nucleus and all the whorls, but thelast four turns are marked by rather strong, distantly spaced, veryregular scalariform axial ribs. Of these axial ribs 24 are present onthe first turn and 30 on the second ; on the remaining quarter of a turnthey become gradually much more closely approximated and not quiteso regular. In the broad spaces between the axial ribs microscopicincremental lines are present. Suture very strongly constricted.Periphery well rounded. Last whorl decidedly solute. Base openlyumbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continua-tion of the axial ribs, which extend over the umbilical wall, and slenderraised spiral hair lines, which are of equal strength but not of equalspacing. The operculum is concave on the outside, the edge being adeep groove separating the basal chondroid plate from the outer edgeof the lamella. The calcareous lamella consists of about 11 obliquelyoutward-directed whorls which form a continuous concave surface;they are separated by a mere impressed line and are marked by numer-ous, closely spaced, slender, retractively curved threads. The centerof the inner surface is raised into a papilla which has a central pit.Of the animal Moricand also says that Blanchet, who sent him thespecimens, wrote him that the tentacles were conical and that the eyeswere placed at their base. The large specimen here figured has a littlemore than 4 whorls and measures : Height, 4 mm. ; greater diameter,5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 3.8 mm.Type locality : Province of Bahia, Brazil.One of the two specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia, No. 12955, from Brazil, which were kindly lent to us forstudy, had a dried animal in it which yielded a radula having theformula 3:4:3:2.To the casual observer, this most remarkable little moUusk would bedeemed a member of the Oriental genus PlatyrapJile. In shape, nuclearand postnuclear sculpture, as well as in opercular characters, it re-sembles closely certain members of Platyraphe complex from thePhilippines, but it lacks the internal sutural tube and puncture ofthat genus. It will be interesting to see what the soft anatomy will pro-claim when a comparative study has been made.
THE CYODOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKICIA 221Subgenus Aperostoma Troschel1847. Aperostoma Teosohei^ Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.Aperostomine shells in which the heavy calcareous deposit of theadjacent turns of the operculum are fused. This deposit is a littlehigher on the inner edge of the turns. The shells have an entireaperture and a peripheral band. Their sculpture consists of fine axialriblets; sometimes malleations are present. The aperture is widerthan high.Type: Aperostoma (Aperostoma) hlcmchetiamwm (Moricand).Distribution : Costa Rica to eastern Brazil.The radula formula of A. {A.) Ze^ is 3 : 3 : 3 : 2. In A. {A.) gigan-teum {B^eeve) , confmum (Sykes), and cardozi (H. B. Baker) the vergeis on the back of the neck behind the tentacles, traversed by a seminalgroove. A short terminal appendage is present.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS APEROSTOMA*Upper surface malleateji.Upper surface conspicuously malleated.Greater diameter more than 30 mm.Rugosities coarse.Umbilicus very large umbilicatumUmbilicus narrow cumingiRugosities fine paezenseGreater diameter less than 22 mm.Greater diameter more than 19 mm.Rugosities closely crowded bogotenseRugosities not closely crowded simileGreater diameter less than 16 mm inconspicuumUpper surface not conspicuously malleated.Greater diameter more than 39 mm.Periostracum dark chestnut-brown cingulatumPeriostracum olive-brown veracochanumGreater diameter less than 31 mm allantayumUpper surface not malleated.Posterior angle of aperture auriculate.Umbilicus coarsely axially ribbed.Greater diameter more than 38 mm dunkeriGreater diameter less than 34 mm.Periphery with a weak keel pailaensePeriphery without a weak keel paezicolumUmbilicus not coarsely ribbed.Peristome notched.Notches of basal lip 2,Height more than 23 mm.Greater diameter more than 40 mm carmioliGreater diameter less than 34 mm costaricenseHeight less than 16 mm exiguum
?We believe that A. (A.) inca (Orbigny) and filoUratum (Sowerby) belong in this sub-genus, but having seen no specimens and having only poor illustrations we refrain fromattempting to place them in the key.428349^?42 15
222 BULLiETEN 181, UlSIlTEiD STATEIS NlAmOiNlAiL MUSETJMUpper surface not malleated?Continued.Posterior angle of aperture auriculate?Continued.Umbilicus not coarsely ribbed?ContinuedPeristome notched?ContinuedNotch of basal lip single.Height more than 30 mm bisinuatumHeight less than 20 mm.Greater diameter more than 36 mm irregulareGreater diameter less than 30 mm pittieriPeristome not notched.Shell helicoid confusumShell depressed-helicoid.Greater diameter more than 55 mm giganteumGreater diameter less than 50 mm.Greater diameter more than 42 mm.Umbilicus wide manabenseUmbilicus not wide.Last whorl deflected fischeriLast whorl not deflected.Upper surface smoothish utriaenseUpper surface rib-striate brujenseGreater diameter less than 36 mm portobellensePosterior angle of aperture not auriculate.Shell decidedly depressed.Base rather strongly axially ribbed.Aperture large fultoniAperture small amazonenseBase not strongly axially ribbed.Greater diameter more than 35 mm laxatvimGreater diameter less than 30 mm.Upper surface finely axially ribbed.Axial ribs on periphery present.Suture narrowly channeled blanchetianumSuture not narrowly channeled peruenseAxial ribs on periphery obsolete leaiUpper surface obsoletely axially ribbed.Whorls downward sloping toward the su-ture venezuelenseWhorls not downward sloping toward thesuture depressmnShell not decidedly depressed.Aperture large.Axial ribs of umbilical wall stronger than on uppersurface.Umbilicus narrow ecuadorenseUmbilicus not narrow.Upper surface closely finely ribbed? subcingulatumUpper surface obsoletely finely ribbed quitenseAxial ribs of umbilical wall not stronger thanthose on upper surface.Last whorl regularly finely ribbed.Shell pale olive colored olivaceuxaShell brown castaneum.
THE CTOLOPHORID LAND MOI/LTJSKS OF AMERICA 223Upper surface not malleated?Continued.Posterior angle of aperture not auriculate?Continued.Shell not decidedly depressed?Conl inued.Aperture large?Continued.Ajxial ribs of umbilical wall not stronger thanthose on upper surface?Continued.Last whorl not regularly finely ribbed.Umbilicus very broad peruvianumUmbilicus not very broad.Summit of last whorl appressed topreceding turn salengoenseSummit of last whorl not appressedto preceding turn.Shell helicoid masvenseShell depressed-helicoid.Suture impressed?, agassiziSuture not impressed nevadenseAperture not large.Last whorl deflected below subperipheral brownband.Umbilicus narrow fasciatumUmbilicus moderately broad paziLast whorl not deflected below subperipheralbrown band.Base with a median brown band.Peristome with a sinus below basal brownband caucaensePeristome without a sinus below basalbrown band.Greater diameter more than 27 mm_ colombienseGreater diameter less than 25 mm.Upper surface regularly flnely ribbed- pereziUpper surface not regularly finelyribbed.Suture strongly impressed bolivienseSuture not strongly impressed- redfieldiBase without median brown band.Greater diameter more than 27 mm currantGreater diameter less than 25 mm.Aperture deflected below subperiph-eral brown band nanumSupraperipheral light zone veryconspicuous merrilliSupraperipheral light zone obso-lete pulchellumAperture not deflected below subpe-ripheral brown band.Upper surface with obliquescratches popayanum,Upper surface without obliquescratches.Dark band covering half ofbase balsasenseDark band not covering halfof base cardozi
224 BULLETIN 181, UlS^TEiD SWATES NlATTIOflSnAiL MUSETJMTHE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UMBILICATUMThis group embraces the species having the upper surface of thelast whorl malleated.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UMBILICATUM, new speciesPlate 31, Figubes 1-3Shell very depressed-helicoid, very dark brown; the early whorlspaler; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are mod-erately rounded and marked by retractively slanting lines of growthand numerous, very rough malleations. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery rendered decidedly angulated by a low keel. Base veryopenly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, and markedby the continuation of the axial sculpture and strong malleations,which on the posterior half also produce several impressed spirallines. The umbilical wall also is malleated. Aperture irregularlybroadly tear-shaped and drawn out into a rather broad angle at theposterior angle. There is a groove in the center of this angulation
;
peristome simple, very slightly more thickened on the inner lip thanon the outer. The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus,which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperos-tomid, of about 8 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307428, comes from Bogota, Colombia.It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 20,5 mm.; greater diameter,38.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 27.7 mm. Height of aperture, 14.8 mm.;diameter, 16.8 mm.This species is distinguished from all the other members of thegroup by its very strong malleations, which lend to the surface adecidedly rugose aspect.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CUMINGI, new speciesPlate 31, Figubes 19-21Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a very darkolivaceous-brown periostracum ; the early whorls being denuded ofthis appear red ; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus con-sists of 2.5 well-rounded smooth turns. Postnuclear whorls wellrounded, the first marked by retractively curved, somewhat irregular,feeble axial riblets; the last by incremental lines and oblique scratchesand malleations, which render this whorl decidedly rough. Suturedeeply impressed. Periphery rendered angulated by a low keel,which slopes more abruptly dorsally than ventrally. Base narrowlyumbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire,
THE CYODOPHORID LAND MO'LLUSKS OF AMERICA 225
except that on the posterior portion the malleations form severalmore or less impressed lines. The umbilical wall is rough and showsless of the malleation. Aperture circular with a slightly obtuse angleat the posterior angle ; peristome simple ; that of the outer lip thin,while the inner is thickened and continues as a heavy callus over theparietal wall, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307416, was collected by Cuming inColombia. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.;greater diameter, 30.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.8 mm. Height ofaperture, 12.5 mm. ; diameter, 14.8 mm.This species comes nearest to A. (A.) umUlicatum in strength ofthe malleations and roughness but is easily distinguished from thatby its slightly more elevated form, weaker sculpture, and much nar-rower umbilicus.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAEZENSE, new speciesPl,ATE 31, FlGtTRES 7-9Shell very depressed-helicoid ; the denuded nuclear whorls reddish
;
the rest of the postnuclear whorls are covered by a rather thickperiostracum, that of the first whorl being olivaceous brown, whilethe last whorl is dark chesnut brown. There is a slender narrowzone of pale olive yellow immediately above the peripheral keel.There is a very broad almost blackish brown zone occupying theperipheral keel and about one-fourth of the base anterior to thekeel. A second similar dark narrow zone is separated from thebroad one by a moderately broad space. The rest of the base is palerthan the upper surface; interior of aperture bluish white. Thenucleus consists of a little more than 2 small, well-rounded, smoothturns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, the last one slightlyflattened toward the suture, dropping a trifle below the peripheryon the last fifth of the last turn. The first postnuclear whorl ismarked by feeble retractively slanting lines of growth, which gainin strength on the next turn, where they are a little heavier thanhair lines and irregular in distribution and development. On the lastturn fine malleations and scratches appear, in addition to the abovesculpture. Suture well impressed. Periphery weakly angulated.Base broadly openly umbilicated, slightly inflated, well rounded, andmarked by the continuation of the lines of growth which assume thestrength of riblets on the umbilical wall. Aperture irregularly tear-shaped, decidedly oblique, drawn into an angle at the posterior angleand somewhat angulated at the junction of the basal and outer lip
;
peristome simple ; the outer lip thin ; the inner thickened and reflected.The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus, which renders
226 BULLETIN 181, lINITEiD STtATES NiATIO0S[tA)L MUSETOklthe peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperostomid, havingabout 8 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251169, was collected by H. Pittier in thevalley of the Rio Paez, in the Central Cordilleras, Colombia. Ithas 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 20.9 mm. ; greater diameter, 37.3mm.; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm. Height of aperture, 13.8 mm.;diameter, 17.7 mm.In the open umbilication, this species resembles A. (J..) urribili-catmn, from which it is easily differentiated by its color scheme andthe much larger aperture, as well as the much finer sculpture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BOGOTENSE (Pfeiffer)Plate 31, Figtjkes 4-61855. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) hogoiense Pfeiffee, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol.23, p. 117.1858. Cyclotus hogotensis Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonomoporum viventium,vol. 2, p. 17.1863. Cyclotus bogotensis Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 20.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) togotensis Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) bogotensis, H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 44.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, varying from olivaceous to oliva-ceous-brown, with a dark zone at the periphery and usually a nar-row light one above it. The base is bicolor, that of the posteriorhalf being olivaceous, while the anterior half is much paler ; interiorof aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2.3 rather large,well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are wellrounded, the last one being slightly flattened below the surmnit andmarked by strong, small malleations, which give the upper surfaceof the shell not only a malleated but a somewhat vermiculated aspect.The last whorl is slightly decurrent on the last quarter of the turn.Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angulated. Basemoderately broadly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded,and marked by almost vertical, irregular, incremental lines, which area little stronger on the umbilical wall, and feeble malleations. Aper-ture circular with a slight angulation at the posterior angle; peri-stome simple, the outer lip thin, the inner slightly thickened posteri-orly. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus which rendersthe peritreme complete.The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No.316133, which comes from Bogota, Colombia. It has 3.8 whorls andmeasures: Height, 13.3 mm.; greater diameter, 20.5 mm.; lesserdiameter, 14.7 mm. Height of aperture, 9.2 mm. ; diameter, 9.4 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 524128 contains 1 specimen without specific locality.
TBDB CTCUOPHORrD LAND MOLLUSES OF AMERHCIA 227The small size will easily distinguish this from the other membersexcept A. (A.) inconspicimm (Sowerby), which is even smaller.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SIMILE, new speciesPlate 31, Figxtbes 13-15Shell helicoid, small, covered with a horn-colored periostracum,which on the last whorl becomes decidedly olivaceous. There is abroad, pale, darker band on the posterior half of the base. Thenucleus consists of about 1.5 smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare marked by retractively slanting incremental lines, which becomeincreasingly closer spaced as the shell advances in age. In additionto these incremental lines the whorls are marked by rugosities sepa-rated by more or less strongly impressed scratches. Suture wellimpressed. Periphery feebly angulated. Base somewhat inflated,rather openly umbilicated, well rounded, and marked by the con-tinuation of the incremental lines, which extend upon the umbilicalwall, and mere indications of rugosities. Aperture subcircular, ob-lique; peristome simple, the outer thin; the inner somewhat thick-ened, more so on the parietal wall. Operculum typically aperostomid.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535989, was received from Sowerby &Fulton with the locality "Bogota" (Colombia). It has 4.1 whorlsand measures: Height, 13 mm.; greater diameter, 19.3 mm.; lesserdiameter, 15 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 307398 contains another specimen from the samelocality, while U.S.N.M. No. 307400 contains a specimen bearing thelabel "New Grenada."In size and general coloration this species agrees fairly well withA. (A.) hogotense (Pfeiffer). The less developed rugose sculptureand more scattered nodulation will readily distinguish it from this.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) INCONSPICUUM (Sowerby)PI.ATE 31, Figures 10-121843. Cyclostoma inconspicuum Sowebbt, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p.109, pi. 24, figs. 73-74.1912. Neocyclotus papayanus fasciata Kobelt (pars), Martini-Chemnitz Con-chylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 901.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) incotispicuum, H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 44.Shell small, helicoid, covered by a pale-brown periostracum. Thereis a narrow pale chestnut zone immediately below the periphery,and above this a white band of about the same width. The posteriorhalf of the base below the dark band is olivaceous, gradually palingtoward the umbilicus. The nucleus consists of about 1.5 small, in-flated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The early postnuclear whorls
228 BTJLLETESr 181, UlSnTEiD STDATEiS N1ATT0IN1AIL MUSEUM
are marked by regular, almost vertical, slender riblets, which areseparated by spaces no wider than the riblets. On the succeedingturns the axial riblets become reduced to incremental lines, and onthe last one in addition to these oblique, irregularly scattered, im-pressed scratches are present, which cause the spaces between themto appear as basal rugosities. Periphery feebly angulated. Baseinflated, strongly rounded, broadly openly umbilicated, and markedlike the spire. The umbilical wall is marked by incremental lines.Aperture large, subcircular, slightly auriculated at the posteriorangle; peristome simple, thin all around.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 116667, comesfrom the Lea collection and bears no locality label. It has 4.4 whorlsand measures: Height, 12 mm.; greater diameter, 15.9 mm.; lesserdiameter, 12.5 mm.The small size readily distinguishes this from all the otherAperostomas.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CINGULATUM (Sowerby)PlATE 31, FIGUBES 22-241843. Cyclostoma dngulatum Sowbxby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 93,pi. 29, figs. 213-214.1852. Cyclotus cingnlatus Pfeiffeb, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 18.1866. Cyclotus angulatus Bland, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 2, p. 59 (error forcingulatus; not angulatus von Martens 1874).1897. Neocydotus (Neocyclotus) cimgulatus Kobex,t and Moulendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dngulatum H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42.Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a very dark chestnut-brownperiostracum ; the early denuded whorls reddish. The nucleus con-sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare well rounded, the last slightly flattened below the suture. Thefirst postnuclear whorl is marked by slender, retractively curved,somewhat irregular, fine, rather closely spaced riblets, which becomevery much enfeebled on the last half of the last turn and towardthe end completely lost. In adition to this, the upper surface ofthe last whorl is irregularly slightly malleated. Suture well im-pressed. Periphery very feebly angulated. Base moderately broadlyopenly umbilicated, inflated, and marked by rather irregular wavyaxial riblets, which become very much intensified on the umbilicalwall, and rather conspicuous malleations stronger than those on theupper surface. Aperture oblique, circular, slightly angulated at theposterior angle ; peristome simple, thin on the outer lip and thickenedon the inner, with a very heavy callus on the parietal wall, which
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOIjLUSKS OP AMEiRl'CiA 229
renders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aperos-tomid of about 8 whorls.The specimen described and figured, U.N.S.M No. 307422, comesfrom Cauca, Colombia. It 'has 4.4 whorls and measures : Height,24.7 mm.; greater diameter, 43.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.3 mm.Height of aperture, 17.5 mm.; diameter, 20.5 mm.There are four additional lots in the National Museum collection
:
No. 414158, one specimen from Jerico, Antioquia, Colombia. No.424727, two specimens collected by H. Daniel at Jerico, Antioquia.One of these is much larger than the one figured. It has 4.8 whorlsand measures. Height, 31.2 mm.; greater diameter, 52 mm.; lesserdiameter, 35 mm. Height of aperture, 20 mm. ; diameter, 26.2 mm.No. 307419, one specimen labeled "Colombia." No. 307457, labeled
"South America."This species belongs to the group that is only feebly malleated onthe upper surface. The dark color will distinguish it from A. (A.)veracochanwm^ which is very much thinner-shelled and much paler.AFEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) VERACOCHANUM, new speciesPlate 31, Figubes 16-18Shell very depressed-helicoid, covered with a pale olivaceous-brownperiostracum, which on the last part of the last whorl becomes de-cidedly olivaceous both on the upper and lower surfaces. The earlydenuded whorls are reddish; interior of the aperture bluish white.The nucleus consists of a little more than 2 moderately well-roundedsmooth turns; the post-nuclear whorls are moderately rounded andmarked by weak retractively curved axial riblets, which find theirstrongest expression on the first half of the last turn. On the lasthalf, they are enfeebled. Suture strongly impressed, slightly chan-neled on the last part of the last whorl. Periphery very weaklyangulated. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded, and markedby the continuation of the axial ribs, which on the umbilical wallbecome much strengthened and fused. Aperture very broadly tear-shaped, with a conspicuously drawn-out angle at the posterior angle,which has a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the outer lipthin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered bya callus which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524045, was collected by the Wilkes Explor-ing Expedition at Maguas, Peru. It has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 24.4 mm.; greater diameter, 43.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 31.5mm. Height of aperture, 16.3 mm, ; diameter, 18.5 mm.This species has a much thinner shell and is much paler thanA. {A.) cingulatum (Sowerby).
230 BULLETIN 181, UNITEID STATE? NATIOINIAIL MUSEfUMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) ALLANTAYUM, new speciesPlate 32, Figubes 4-6Shell of medium size, very depressed-helicoid ; the early denudedwhorls are soiled flesh colored; the succeeding turns dark strawcolored with an orange flush, the last reddish chestnut-brown witha narrow light zone immediately above the narrow dark band attlie periphery; posterior half of the base a little darker than theupper surface, while the anterior is considerably paler; interior ofaperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of about 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately wellrounded, all but the last marked by very regular, retractively slantingaxial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separatethem. On the last whorl these become much enfeebled and reducedto irregular lines of growth. Here, too, we have slight indicationsof malleations. The last whorl is slightly decurrent on the lastquarter of a turn. Suture well impressed. Periphery feebly ob-soletely angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well roundedand marked by irregular, wavy, strong incremental lines, which aredeveloped into irregular ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture de-cidedly oblique, very broadly tear-shaped, with a pronounced drawn-out angulation at the posterior angle, which has a groove in itsmiddle on the inside; peristome simple; the outer lip thin; theinner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thickcallus which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524046, comes from the Eich collectionand is labeled "Peru." It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height,17.4 mm.; greater diameter, 30.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.2 mm.Height of aperture, 11.7 mm. ; diameter, 13.9 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 22203 contains another specimen received from Mac-Andrew labeled "Peru."The conspicuous bicolored base readily distinguishes this from theother feebly malleated members of this group.THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DUNKERIUmbilical wall strongly distinctly axially ribbed.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DUNKERI (Pfeiffer)Plate 32, Figures 1-31856. Cyclotus dunkeri Pfeitfee, Malak. Blatter, vol. 3, p. 256.1864. Cyclotus dunkeri Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, pi. 2, sp. 9.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dunkeri Kobelt and Mollendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dunkeri H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, pp. 39, 40, 43.
THE CYOLOPHO'RID LiAJSTD MOIiLUSES OF AMBMCLi 231Shell depressed-helicoid, the early whorls soiled flesh white; thelater turns gradually becoming chestnut brown. There is a broadspiral dark zone covering the posterior half of the base, which grad-ually becomes paler from the periphery basally. The rest of the baseis much paler, so that there is a bicolor effect on the base ; interior ofaperture decidedly bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small,well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are weaklyrounded, the last one flattened a little below the summit, and markedby retractively curved, rather regular axial riblets, which are a littlewider than the spaces that separate them. On the last turn, however,these riblets gradually become enfeebled, and on the last portion of thiswhorl they are merely represented by irregular lines of growth. Thelast whorl is slightly decurrent on the last fifth of a turn. Suturestrongly impressed. Periphery rounded ; the peculiar banding at theperiphery, however, gives it the effect of being angulated, which is anoptical illusion. Base very openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, wellrounded ; the posterior half is marked by the continuation of the axialribs which are stronger than on the upper surface, and on the anteriorhalf become fused into strong, distinct, broad, rounded ribs, whichcross the sloping umbilical wall. Aperture very broadly tear-shapedwith a decidedly drawn-out auricle at the posterior angle, which hasan impressed groove in its middle; peristome simple, the outer lipthin; the inner thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thickcallus, which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typicallyaperostomid, having 10 whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.251170, collected by H. Pittier in the Eio Paila Valley, Colombia, atan altitude of 1,800 meters. It has 4.8 whorls and measures : Height,20.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 38.5 rom. ; lesser diameter, 26 mm. Heightof aperture, 13 mm. ; diameter, 17.5 mm.The larger size of this species distinguishes it from the other twomembers here described as having strong ribs on the umbilical wall.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAILAENSE, new speciesPlate 32, Figures 7-9Shell quite small, depressed-helicoid. The shreds of periostracumremaining would indicate that this was straw-colored with a goldtinge. The denuded surface is uniformly bluish white; interior ofaperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded;the last slightly flattened below the summit, marked by retractivelycurved slender axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spacesthat separate them. On the last half of the last whorl these riblets
232 BULLJ^TIN 181, UNITED SWATES NlAmOOSnAiL MUSlETIMbecome much enfeebled and form rather irregular, broad incrementalelements. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery with a weakangulation. Base moderately openly umbilicated, inflated, wellrounded, and marked by strong axial ribs which gradually increasein intensity toward the umbilicus, being strongest on the slopingumbilical wall. Aperture very broadly oval, with a conspicuousauricle at the posterior angle, which bears a groove in its middle;peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner thickened. Theparietal wall with a very thick callus rendering the peritremecomplete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251171, was collected by H. Pittier in theRio Paila Valley, Colombia, at an altitude of 1,300 meters. It has4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 16.3 mm.; greater diameter, 27.8mm.; lesser diameter, 18.9 mm. Height of aperture, 11.7 mm.;diameter, 13.9 mm.This species is readily distinguished from the other two withstrong ribs on the umbilical wall by its exceedingly small size.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAEZICOLUM, new speciesPlate 32, Figures 13-15Shell depressed-helicoid, the early whorls reddish; the last whorlolivaceous with axial streaks of brown, which vary in width andspacing. There is a narrow light zone immediately above theperiphery. Below the periphery the posterior half of the base hasa dark chestnut-brown area; the anterior half is olivaceous brownand much paler. The axial darker streaks mentioned for the uppersurface also are apparent on the lower. Interior of aperture bluishwhite. The nucleus consists of 2.1 small, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded; the last isslightly decurrent on the last half whorl and slightly flattened belowthe summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, re-tractively curved axial riblets, which are a little wider than thespaces that separate them. On the last whorl these become lessstrongly developed and more irregular. There is also a weak indica-tion of a few scratches, showing the affinity of the species to the mal-leated form. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded.Base openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded, andmarked by the continuation of the sculpture characterizing the uppersurface; the riblets, however, become fused on the umbilical wallto form strong and quite regular rather broad ribs on its slopingsurface. Aperture almost circular with a conspicuous auricle atthe posterior angle, which bears a groove in its middle; peristomesimple; outer lip thin; the inner thickened. The parietal wall is
THE CYCL.0PHORID LAKD MOLLUSKS OF AMEiR'ICL\ 233
covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. Theoperculum is tj^pically aperostomid, having 10 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524047, was collected by H. Pittier in theRio Paez Valley, Colombia, at an elevation of 2,500 meters. It has4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 33.1mm.; lesser diameter, 22.2 mm. Height of aperture, 12.8 mm.;diameter, 15.6 mm.Its smaller size will readily differentiate this from A. (A.) dunheri(Pfeiifer).GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARMIOLIUmbilical wall closely finely axially ribbed.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARMIOLI, new speciesPlate 32, Figures 19-21Shell large, helicoid; the early turns reddish; the later covered onthe upper surface by a golden-yellow periostracum. There is a lightzone immediately above the periphery, while the posterior half of thebase is chestnut brown; the rest is of the same color as the uppersurface; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are in-flated, strongly rounded, and marked on the upper surface by veryweak, retractively curved, flattened riblets, which become evanescenton the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, andmarked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which gain in intensitybelow the middle and become stronger on the umbilical wall, wherethey form distinct fine ribs, which are not quite as wide as the spacesthat separate them. The last whorl is slightly decurrent near theperistome. Aperture large, broadly oval with a conspicuous angleat the posterior angle, which has a groove in the middle; peristomesimple ; the outer lip thin. The basal lip bears 2 notches ; the innerlip is somewhat thickened, while the parietal wall is covered with amoderately thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 25034, was collected by Carmiol in CostaEica, It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 27.2 mm.; greaterdiameter, 40.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.4 mm. Height of aperture,16.5 mm.; diameter, 19 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 405227 contains a young specimen collected by M.Valerio at Chitaria, Costa Rica.This species differs from the other members of this group by beingconsiderably larger.
234 BULLETIN 181, UlSnTEiD STIATEIS NAmOINlAlL MUSlEtJMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) COSTARICENSE (von Martens)Plate 32, Figures 16-181876. Cyclotus quitenMs costaricensis von MiVktens, Jahrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 3, p. 254.Shell helicoid, covered by a thin golden-yellow periostracum. Thebase bears a moderately broad chestnut-colored band, which fadesanteriorly into the basal color, which is a little darker than that ofthe upper surface ; interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclearwhorls are inflated, strongly rounded; the last one is slightly flat-tened below the summit and is marked by obsolete hairlike axialriblets, which become much enfeebled on the last half of the last turn.The last fifth of the last turn is slightly decurrent. Suture stronglyimpressed. Periphery feebly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated,marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become fused andslightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture very oblique, sub-circular with a decided auriculation at the posterior angle, whichbears a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the basal lip with2 deep notches, one marking the outer limit of the umbilicus; theinner lip is slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by amoderately thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete.U.S.N.M. No. 321045 contains two specimens from the Kedfieldcollection, apparently received from Gabb. They come from CostaKica. The largest of these, which we have figured, has 4.7 whorlsand measures: Height, 23 mm.; greater diameter, 31.7 mm.; lesserdiameter, 24.4 mm. Height of aperture, 14.9 mm. ; diameter, 15.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 524052 contains another specimen collected by M.Valerio.The much smaller size of this species readily differentiates it fromA. (A.) cai'mioU.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) EXIGUUM, new speciesPlate 32, Figukes 10-12Shell small, depressed-helicoid ; the upper surface covered with agolden yellow peristracum. There is a broad light zone immediatelyabove the periphery and a still broader dark zone immediatelybelow this; the rest of the base is a little paler than the upper sur-face. Interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are some-what inflated, well rounded and marked by slightly wavy, well-de-veloped axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. There is an impressed groove a little below the summit
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMERTCA 235on the last whorl, which gives the upper edge of this whorl a some-what flattened aspect. The last whorl also is slightly decurrent nearthe peristome. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angu-lated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and markedby the continuation of the axial riblets, which fuse into heavier ribletson the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, with a conspicuousauricle at the posterior angle, which has a groove in its center ; peri-stome simple ; outer lip thin ; the basal lip with 2 deep incisions, thefirst of which marks the outer limit of the imibilicus, and the other isabout halfway between this and the periphery; the inner lip is mod-erately thickened, while the parietal wall is covered by a moderatelystrong callus, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 190281, was collected by H. Pittier in theZhorquin Valley, Talamanca, Costa Rica. It has 4.5 whorls andmeasures : Height, 15.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.7 mm. ; lesser diam-eter, 16.4 mm. Height of aperture, 9.6 mm. ; diameter, 11.7 mm.This species can readily be distinguished from the other membersof the group having two notches on the basal area by its very muchsmaller size.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BISINUATUM (von Mortens)Plate 33, Figubes 5, 61864. Cyclotus Usinuatus von Martens, Malak, Blatter, vol. 11, p. 113, pi. 3,figs. 1, 2.1890. Cyclotus (Aperostomu) lisinuatus von Maktens, Biologia Centrali-Ameri-cana, p. 3.1897. Neocpclotus {Neocylotus) Usinuatus Kobelt and Mollendokff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.We have not seen this species and give a translation of von Martens'description
:
Shell umbilicated, turbinate, solid, marked by closely spaced, un-dulating, confluent riblets, yellowish brown unicolor. Spire conic,somewhat acute. Wliorls 5, quite convex, the last one rounded, flat-tened at the suture. Umbilicus quite narrow funnel-shaped, delimitedby an obsolete angle. Aperture diagonal, ovate, circular, angulatedabove, bluish white within; peristome straight, obtuse, emarginateabove and below. Columellar margin arcuate; major diameter, 38.5mm. ; lesser diameter, 29 mm. Height, 31 mm. Aperture, 20 mm.Discovered in a high plateau of Costa Rica by the late Hoffmannwho sent it to the Berlin Museum.This species is distinguished from the other members of the groupby the two notches, one at the outer limit of the umbilicus, and theother diametrically across from it in the outer lip, a little posteriorto the middle.
236 HULIiETTN ISl, UNITEID STATES MVOOOSnAJL MUSEfUMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) IRREGULARE (PfeifEer)Plate 33, Figtjke 43855. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) irregnlare PFEaFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 23,p. 117.1858. Cyclotus irregularis PFEiFFEa?, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventiuin,vol. 2, p. 15.1864. Cyclotus irregularis Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, pi. 4, fig. 18.1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) irregularis von Mabtens, Biologla Centrali-Amer-icana, Suppl., pp. 3, 596.1897. Neocyclotus {Neocyclotus) irregularis Kobelt and Moixendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) irregulare H. B. Baker, Occ. pap., Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 41.As we have not seen this species we give a translation of Pfeiffer'sdescription
:
Shell umbilicated, depressed-turbinate, solid, closely striated, yel-lowish. The spire is shortly turbinate, acute. Suture profound.Whorls 5, convex, the last swollen above and bfoadly canaliculate atthe suture ; below marked by a broad median band. The broadly fun-nel-shaped umbilicus is limited on the outside by a strong angulation.Aperture oblique, triangularly oval, angulated above; peristomecontinuous, slightly adnate to the preceding turn, straight. The rightouter lip dilated; columella thickened moderately arcuate, channeledbasally. Major diameter, 37 mm. ; lesser, 30 mm. ; altitude, 19 mm.Habitat : Central Costa Kica.Keeve's figure shows a decided notch at the junction of the innerand basal lip which is responsible for the angulation marking the outeredge of the umbilicus.The species appears most nearly related to A. (A.) pittieri (vonMartens) but differs from it in being much larger.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PITTIERI (von Martens)1900. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) irregularis pittieri von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Suppl., p. 597.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) irregularis pittieri, H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 41.We have not seen this species. Von Martens distinguishes it fromA. (A) irregulare Pfeiffer with the following diagnosis, which wetranslate
:
Distinctly flatter than the typical form [irregularel^ less vaulted,29 mm. only in diameter and 16.5 mm. in height. Aperture 12 mm.Habitat: Salinas Bay, northwestern Costa Rica, collected by H.Pittier.Tlie much smaller size distinguishes this from A. {A.) irregulare(Pfeiffer).
THE CYOLOPHORTD LAND M01.LUSK9 OF AMEKTCA. 237THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) GIGANTEUMPosterior angle of aperture forming a slight angle, bearing a weaklyimpressed median groove.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CONFUSUM (Sykes)Plate 33, Figures 1-31846. Cyclostoma giganteum Pfeiffee, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 11, pi. 1, figs. 11-14 (not C. giganteum Reeve, Con-chologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pi. 184, fig. 17, 1842).1901. Aperostoma confusum Sykes, Joum. Malac, vol. 8, p. 106, pi. 10, fig. 2.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) confusum H. B. Baker, Dec. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42.Shell very large, helicoid. Our specimen of this species, unfor-tunately, is sadly denuded. However, it shows that there is a broaddark chestnut-colored band below the periphery and apparently anarrow light zone immediately above this; interior of aperture palebuff. The nucleus consists of about 2.4 small, well-rounded, smoothturns. The postnuclear whorls are marked by decidedly retractivelyslanting, rather irregular, closely approximated axial riblets, whichon the last half of the last turn become confluent incremental ele-ments. The summit of the whorls is appressed, and there is a slightconcavity on the last turn below the summit. Suture well impressed.Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated and markedby the continuation of the axial sculpture, which does not increasein differentiation on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, oblique,with a small angulation bearing a central groove at the posteriorangle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; the inner thickened andslightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus,which renders the peritreme complete. This callus is not in a straightline with the columella, but forms a little oval sinus.The specimen that we believe belongs here, U.S.N.M. No. 341766,was collected by A. E. Heighway at Acandi, a small settlement in theGulf of Atrato, on the boundary between Colombia and Panama.It has 5.3 whorls and measures : Height, 34.2 mm. ; greater diameter,51.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 38.2 mm. Height of aperture, 20.5 mm.
;
diameter, 24.8 mm.This species is differentiated from the rest of the giganteum groupby having the spire much more elevated.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) GIGANTEUM (Reeve)PiATE 33, Figures 7-91842. Cyclostoma giganteum Reeve, Conchologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pi.184, fig. 17.1843. Cyclostoma giganteum Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, p. 92, pi. 23,figs. 8, 9.428349?42 16
238 BULLETIQSr 181, UTSTTE? SfTATElS N!ATEO!N\A!L MUSEfDM1843. Cyclostomu giganteum Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 30.1847. Aperostoma giganteum Pfeiffeb, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 104.1850. Cyclotus giganteus Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shellsin the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) giganteus Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrbl.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1901. Aperostoma giganteum Sykes, Journ. Malac, vol. 8, p. 105, pi. 10, fig. 1.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) gignntea H. B. Bakeb, Occ. pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, pp. 40, 42.Shell gigantic, depressed-helicoid. The early whorls pinkish; thelater pale yellow, varying from yellow to pale chestnut, with a lightzone below the summit and a broader yellowish zone immediatelyabove the periphery. Tlie posterior half of the base is chestnut-brown, while the anterior half and umbilical wall are yellowish horncolored ; interior of aperture bluish. The nucleus consists of 2 verysmall, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls aremoderately rounded and appressed at the summit with an impressedgroove immediately below the summit. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by regular, retractively curved, closely spaced axial riblets,which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. On thelast half of the last whorl they become obsolete and are replaced bymere lines of growth. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base with a very large open umbilicus, inflated, andmarked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become fused onthe anterior half of the base and quite strong and well differentiatedinto strong ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture oblique, subcircular,drawn into an obtuse angle at the posterior angle, which has a mediangroove; peristome simple; that of the outer lip sharp and slightlyreflected, while the inner lip is thickened. The parietal wall is cov-ered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. In theperistome there is a shallow sinus at the posterior termination of thecolumella. Operculum typically aperostomid, having 9 whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.251101, collected by H. Pittier on the Cerro de Garagara, Panama, at20 to 900 meters. It has 3.7 whorls remaining and measures : Height,32.6 mm.; greater diameter, 56.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 38.3 mm.Height of aperture, 23.5 mm. ; diameter, 27 mm.The depressed-helicoid form and gigantic dimensions readily dis-tinguish this from the other members of the giganteum group.Reeve, loc. cit., p. 97, states: "Mr. Sowerby has kindly permittedus to refer to his figure of Cyclostomata in part 2 of his Species Con-chyliorum, which we are happy to announce is now nearly ready forpublication." This work, it would appear, was never published.Gyclostoma giganteum Sowerby must be considered a manuscriptname, and the name Gyclostoma giganteum must date from Eeeve,1842.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMEiRDClA. 239APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MANABENSE, new speciesPlate 34, Figuees 10-12Shell of medium size, very depressed-helicoid. The early denudedwhorls pale red, the last covered with a thin, reddish olivaceous, horn-colored periostracum. There is a narrow light zone immediatelyabove the periphery, while the posterior half of the base is chestnut-brown, and the anterior half and umbilical wall are paler than theupper surface; interior of aperture bluish white with a livid tinge.The nucleus consists of 2.4 small, well rounded, smooth turns. Thepostnuclear whorls are slightly rounded. There is a shallow grooveimmediately below the summit. The last whorl is obliquely deflectedfor about four-fifths of a turn. The postnuclear whorls are markedby weak, retractively slanting, very slender, closely spaced axial rib-lets, which become evanescent on the last half of the last turn, wherethey are represented by mere lines of growth. Suture well impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base broadly, openly umbilicated, inflated,strongly rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial ribletswhich become fused into stronger ribs on the anterior half of thebase and umbilical wall. Aperture decidedly oblique, tear-shaped,drawn out into a decided angle at the posterior angle; peristomethin on the outer and basal lip ; a little thicker on the inner lip. Theparietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peri-treme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524066, was collected by O. Haught be-tween Quevedo and Calcata, Manabi, Ecuador. It has 4.8 whorlsand measures: Height, 23.2 mm.; greater diameter, 43 mm.; lesserdiameter, 29.4 mm. Height of aperture, 16.5 mm. ; diameter, 20.3 mm.The wide umbilication suggests A. (A.) gigantenm (Reeve), fromwhich it is distinguished by its small size.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FISCHERI (Hidalgo)Plate 34, Figures 1-31867. Cyclotus fischeri Hidalgo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 15, p. 305, pi. 8, fig. 3.1901. Aperostoma fischeri Sykes, Journ. Malac, vol. 8, p. 105, pi. 10, fig. 3.1912. Neocyclotus giganteus Kobelt (pars), Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabi-net, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 891, pi. 133, fig. 1.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) fischeri H. B. Bakee, Occ. Pap. Mus. Stool. Univ.Micliigan, No. 137, p. 42.Shell moderately large, helicoid. The early whorls rose-red; thelast covered with an olivaceous pale chestnut-colored periostracum.There is a narrow light zone at the periphery, while the posterior halfof the base is conspicuously bright chestnut-brown ; the anterior halfand the umbilical wall are much paler. The interior of the apertureis bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 very small, well-rounded
240 BULLiETIlN 181, UNITE? STATES ISnATTOlNlAiL MUSEUMsmooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded,slightly flattened near the summit, the last one for about one-tenth ofa turn forming a cord at the appressed summit. The postnuclearwhorls are marked by fine, retractively curved axial riblets which areabout as wide as the spaces that separate them but which become ir-regular and less developed on the last turn, particularly toward theaperture. Suture well impressed. Periphery feebly angulated.Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by thecontinuation of the axial riblets, which extend over the umbilicalwall, where they become somewhat strengthened. Aperture subcir-cular, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle into an auricle,which bears a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the outer lipsharp and somewhat reflected; the inner somewhat thickened. Theparietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritremecomplete. There is only a feeble inclination toward an inbendingat the junction of the columella with the parietal wall. Operculumtypically aperostomid, showing 9 whorls.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307424, comesfrom New Grenada. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 27.5mm. ; greater diameter, 47 mm. ; lesser diameter, 32.4 mm. Height ofaperture, 17 mm. ; diameter, 22.8 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 307421 contains one specimen from Quito, Ecuador.This species can readily be distinguished from .4. (A.) ut'Haenseby its deflected last whorl.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UTRIAENSE, new speciesPlate 34, FiGimEs 4-6Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. The upper surface iscovered with a pale chestnut-brown periostracum, but there is a ratherbroad paler area immediately below the summit. There is also a lightzone immediately above the periphery, while a broad chestnut-coloredband extends over the posterior two-fifths of the base, the rest beingpale olivaceous horn colored ; interior of aperture bluish white. Thenuclear whorls in the type are lost. The postnuclear whorls are wellrounded and on the last turn there is a groove immediately below theperiphery. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very fine, closelyspaced, retractively slanting axial riblets, which become much weak-ened on the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base moderately broadly openly umbilicated, marked by thecontinuation of the axial sculpture, but much more roughly so. Theaxial ribs of the base become fused into stronger elements on the um-bilical wall. Aperture subcircular, with a moderately strong angula-tion at the posterior angle, which bears a median groove; outer lipthin and somewhat reflected; the inner lip slightly thickened. The
THE CYCILOPHORID LAND AlOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 241parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritremecomplete. There is only a weak emargination on the columellar callus.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524068, comes from Puerto Utria, Colombia.It has 3.2 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 27.4 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 46.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 30.9 mm. Height of aperture,19.4 mm. ; diameter, 23.3 mm.This species most nearly resembles A. (A.) hrujen^e, from which itcan readily be differentiated by its less strongly ribbed striatesculpture. APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BRUJENSE, new speciesPlate 34, Figubes lS-15Shell large, depressed-helicoid. The early denuded whorls varyfrom rose colored to flesh colored. The last whorl is covered with abrownish, suffused, horn-colored periostracum. There is a narrowlight zone immediately above the periphery, while the posterior halfof the base is very dark chestnut-brown, and the anterior half andumbilical wall are a little lighter than the upper surface. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded, with an impressed areainmiediately below the summit on the last whorl, while the summititself appears as an appressed thread. The surface of the postnuclearwhorls is marked by rather coarse, retractively slanting axial rib-lets, which vary considerably in strength and spacing. Suture wellimpressed. Periphery weakly angulated. Base moderately broadlyumbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, whichbecome fused into stronger ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture sub-circular with a moderately strong angle at the posterior angle whichbears a median groove ; peristome simple ; the outer lip expanded andsomewhat reflected; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wallis covered by a very thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete.There is very weak emargination in this callus at the insertion of thecolumella.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251418, was collected by Maj. E. A. Gold-man on the Cerro Bruja, Panama, at an elevation of 500 feet. It has4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 28.6 mm.; greater diameter, 49.4mm. ; lesser diameter, 33 mm. Height of aperture, 19.2 mm. ; diameter,24.4 mm.The following additional specimens are in the National Museumcollections : No. 524069, a topotype from the same source as the type
;
No. 228908, a specimen collected by H. Pittier in the mountains aroundGaspasalana, High Mamoni, Panama ; No. 251419, five specimens col-lected by Major Goldman at Gatun, Canal Zone.This species can be distinguished readily from A. (A.) utriaenseby its much stronger rib-striate sculpture.
242 BtTLLETdN 181, TJNTTED STATES NIATEODMIAIL MUStEUMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PORTOBELLENSE, new speciesPlATE 34, FiGUKES 7-9.Shell sm,all for the group, depressed-helicoid. The early whorlsred, the last covered on the upper surface by a thin horn-colored perios-tracum. There is a light supraperipheral zone and a dark area im-mediately below the periphery on the base. The rest is horn colored
;
interior of aperture pale buff. The nucleus consists of about 2 small,well-rounded turns. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, with a de-pressed area a little below the summit. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by very slender, retractively curved, closely crowded axialribs, which become coarser and more distantly spaced on the last whorl.Suture well impressed. Periphery slightly angulated. Base openlyumbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, whichdo not gain materially in strength on the umbilical wall. Aperturesubcircular, drawn into a moderately produced angle at the posteriorangle, which bears a groove in the middle ; peristome simple ; the outerlip expanded and slightly reflected; the inner slightly thickened.The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders theperitreme complete. There is only an emargination in the parietalcallus.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251434, was collected by E. A. Schwarzat Porto Bello, Panama. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height,21.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 35 mm. ; lesser diameter, 23.3 mm. Heightof aperture, 15.2 mm. ; diam,eter, 17.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 251427 was collected by August Busck at Porto Bello,Panama.This species can readily be distinguished from all the other membersof the group by its small size.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FULTONI. new speciesPlate 35, Figures 1-4Shell depressed-helicoid, chestnut brown, with a lighter zone atthe summit and a white zone immediately above the periphery. Thereis a broad dark brown band covering two-fifths of the base inmiediatelybelow the periphery and a slender narrow band a little posterior tothe middle of the base. The rest of the base is yellow horn colored
;
interior of aperture bluish white, showing the banding within. Thenucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The post-nuclear whorls are strongly rounded with a depressed area imme-diately below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked byrather regular strong retractively curved ribs, which are about aswide as the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbili-
THE CTCILOPHORID LAND MOLLUSCES OF AMEKIOA 243
cated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation ofthe axial ribs which grow much stronger on the umbilical wall. Aper-ture very large, circular, with an angulation at the posterior angle;peristome simple; the outer lip thin, slightly effuse at the junctionof the basal and outer lip; a little thickened on the inner lip. Theparietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritremecomplete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307425, was received from Sowerby andFulton with the label "Brazil." It has 4.3 whorls and measures:Height, 17.3 mm.; greater diameter, 29.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.5mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm. ; diameter, 13.4 mm.This species agrees with A. (A.) amazonense in having the basestrongly axially ribbed but differs from it in having a much largeraperture. APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) AMAZONENSE, new speciesPiATE 35, Figures 4-6Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid. The entireupper surface is covered by a pale chestnut-brown periostracum.There is a faint lighter zone immediately above the periphery. Thebase is bicolor. The posterior half is a little darker than the uppersurface of the shell, while the anterior half and umbilical wall aremuch lighter; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus con-sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorlsare moderately rounded, the last one deflected for a quarter of a turn.The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively curved axial rib-lets, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them.These riblets become decidedly enfeebled on the last portion of thelast turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angulated.Base broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked bystrong axial ribs, which are more pronounced on the umbilical wallthan on the rest. Aperture subcircular, slightly angulated at the pos-terior angle; peristome simple; the outer and inner lips both some-what thickened and slightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered bya thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The operculumis typically aperostomid and shows about 10 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356102, was collected by E. H. Short onthe Amazon River in Brazil. It has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 13 mm. ; greater diameter, 24 mm. ; lesser diameter, 18.1 mm.Height of aperture, 9 mm. ; diameter, 9.9 mm.There are two additional lots, both bearing merely the label "Bra-zil"; U.S.N.M. No. 307425 contains one specimen and U.S.N.M.No. 316236, three specimens.
244 FULIiETTN 181, UNTTEiD SIT'ATEe ISDATUOOS^AL MUSEUMThis species agrees with A. (A.) fultoni in having the base ratherstrongly axially ribbed, but it differs from it in having a much smalleraperture. APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) LAXATUM (Sowerby)Plate 35, Figuee 131850. Cyclostoma laxatum Sowebby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl.p. 159*, pi. 31A, fig. 302.1852. Cyclotus laxatus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 18.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) laxatus Kobelt and Mollendoeff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) laxatum H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 41.Although CyclostOTna laxatum Sowerby has been quoted by manymalacologists, we regret to say that we have none in the NationalMuseum collection that agree with Sowerby's description, figure, andhabitat ; we must therefore quote Sowerby's description and copy hisfigure. His figure measures : Height, 18.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 36.4mm. Height of aperture, 13.1 mm. ; diameter, 16.9 mm.
"Shell of a depressed orbicular form, whitish, covered with a thickorange-brown epidermis; spire depressed, with a rufous apex; volu-tions four, rounded, covered not only with distinct lines of growth, butalso with irregular rugulosities, with two narrow zones, the posteriorwhite, the other fuscous, in front of which the epidermis is moredarkly coloured; aperture not quite circular, but very slightly ellip-tical, and with a slight angle posteriorly close to the last volution;peritreme tliin, anteriorly very slightly reflected; umbilicus verylarge, showing internally the four volutions."The shell is somewhat diaphanous, so that the white and dark-brown zones are distinctly seen within the aperture.
"Columbia. Mus. CumingPTHE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BLANCHETIANUMShell decidedly depressed.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BLANCHETIANUM (Moricand)Plate 35, Figuees 7-91826. Cyclostoma blanehetiavum Mobicand, Mem. Soc. Geneve, vol. 7, p. 442,pi. 2, figs. 21-23.1847. Aperostoma blanchetianum Teoschel, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 44.1847. Aperostoma ilanchetianum Pfh3:ffee, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 104.1850. Cyclotus inca (pars) Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals andshells in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6.
THE CYCI^OPHO'RID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEHTCA. 2451897. Neocyclotus (Neoeyclotus) inca (pars) Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) Manchetianum H. B. Bakes,, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 44.Shell depressed-helicoid. The early whorls, denuded of theperiostracum, reddish ; the later reddish horn colored, the last oliva-ceous on the upper surface. There is a narrow white zone at theperiphery and a broad dark olivaceous band covering the posteriortwo-fifths of the base, the rest being horn colored ; interior of aper-ture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded whorls. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded andmarked by retractively curved, strong, small axial ribs, which aresmaller than the spaces that separate them. On the last half of thelast turn these riblets become much enfeebled and replaced by mererough incremental lines. The suture is narrowly deeply channeled.Periphery very weakly angulated. Base broadly openly umbilicated,inflated, well rounded and marked by the continuation of the axialribs, which grow considerably stronger on the umbilical wall. Onthe last half of the last whorl they become fused and more or lessscalelike. Aperture circular, with a slight angulation at the pos-terior angle ; peristome simple ; the outer lip thin, slightly reflected
;
the inner slightly thickened and also slightly reflected. The parietalwall is covered by a rather thick callus, which renders the peritremecomplete. Operculum typically aperostomid, with about 10 whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.98110, collected at Bahia, Brazil. It has 4.5 whorls and measures:Height, 15.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.4 mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.7mm. Height of aperture, 9.9 mm. ; diameter, 11.9 mm.The following additional specimens are in the National Museumcollections
:
No. 104450, five specimens from Bahia received from Moricand;No. 307417, one specimen labeled "Brazil"; No. 381893, one specimenfrom the Amazon Valley. This species closely resembles A. (A.)peruense but is readily differentiated from it by its deeply incisednarrow suture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PERUENSE, new speciesPlate 35, Figures 10-12Shell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid; the upper surfacedark horn colored. There is a light white band immediately abovethe periphery and a broad brilliant chestnut-brown zone immediatelybelow the periphery. There is also a second, very narrow brownband separated from the broad band by a space about twice as wideas the narrow brown band. The rest of the base is horn colored.
246 BULLETIN 181, UNITE? STATES NlATTOOSIlAiL MUSEUMThe nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; thepostnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by retractivelycurved, very regular axial riblets, which are a little narrower thanthe spaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn theriblets become less pronounced and less regular. There are also someslight spiral markings on the upper surface. Suture strongly im-pressed. Periphery strongly rounded. Base broadly, openly um-bilicated, inflated, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs,which become a little intensified on the umbilical wall. Aperturebroadly oval, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peristomesimple ; the outer lip of the peristome thin ; the inner slightly thick-ened and reflected. The callus on the parietal wall is thick andrenders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 103999, comes from the Eich collection andbears the label "Peru." It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height,14.3 mm.; greater diameter, 26.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.2 mm.Height of aperture, 10.5 mm. ; diameter, 12.3 mm.This species can readily be differentiated from A. (A.) hlanche-tianum (Moricand) by its lacking the narrowly channeled suture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) LEAI. new speciesPlate 35, Figubes 17-19Shell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid. The upper sur-face is orange horn colored, with a little lighter zone at the summitand a broader white zone immediately above the periphery. Thebase bears a broad, bright, chocolate-brown band, which covers aboutone-third of the base anterior to the periphery. The rest is horncolored, with a narrow hydrophanous band on the middle of the base.Interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 moder-ately large, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls arewell rounded, the last half of the last whorl being slightly flattenedbelow the suture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractivelycurved, very regular, rather closely spaced axial riblets, which areseparated by spaces about as wide as the axial riblets. On the lastpart of the last turn these riblets become much enfeebled. Suturedeeply impressed. Periphery feebly angulated. On the dark bandbelow the periphery on the base the axial ribs are almost obsolete;they grow a little stronger on the rest of the base and are strongest onthe umbilical wall. The umbilicus is broadly openly funnel-shaped.Aperture broadly oval, with a rather strong angulation at the pos-terior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin and slightly outwardreflected; the inner a little thicker. The parietal wall is covered bya rather thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. Oper-culum typically aperostomid, showing 6 whorls remaining.
THE CYCILOPHORID LAND MOIiLIJlSES OF AMEKTCA 247The type, U.S.N.M. No, 104451, comes from Balsas, Peru. It wasin the Lea collection. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 14.2mm. ; greater diameter, 27.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 19.2 mm. Heightof aperture, 10.7 mm.; diameter, 12.3 mm.The obsolete ribbing immediately below the periphery distin-guishes this species from A. (A.) peruense and A. (A). Nancheti-anum (Moricand).APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) VENEZUELENSE, new speciesPlate 35, Figukes 20-22Shell very depressed-helicoid, thin, covered with an olivaceousperiostracum, which is streaked and blotched with darker olive.There is a faint light zone immediately above the periphery and abroad weak brown band immediately below it. A second slenderspiral line lies a little posterior to the middle of the base. The restof the base is a little paler than the upper surface; interior ofaperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, thelast one slightly deflected at its extremity. They are marked byobsolete axial riblets, which become quite irregular on the last whorl,where also some slight malleations are present. The last whorl isslightly flattened a little below the summit and the suture is deeplynarrowly channeled. Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base openlybroadly umbilicated, inflated, and marked by the same type of sculp-ture as that which characterizes the upper surface of the last whorl,except that on the umbilical wall the riblets become a little moredistant. Aperture broadly oval, with a slight angulation at theposterior angle; peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner onlyslightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderatelythick callus, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307429, was collected by Cuming in Vene-zuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.7 mm.; greaterdiameter, 29.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 21 mm. Height of aperture,11.3 mm. ; diameter, 12.8 mm.This species agrees with A. (A.) depressv/m (Da Costa) in havingthe axial ribs obsolete; it differs from that, however, in having thewhorls strongly downward flexed near the suture and more rounded.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DEPRESSUM (Da Costa)PiATE 35, Figures 14-161906. Neocyclotus depressiis Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 7, p. 9,pi. 1, figs. 14-16.3923, Poteria (Neocyclotus) depressus H. B. Bakee, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 42.
248 BULLETM ISl, UNITE? SITATES NiATIONlAI. MUSEUMShell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid, covered by anolivaceous periostracum, with a moderately broad light zone immedi-ately above the periphery and the posterior half of the base oliva-ceous-chestnut colored ; the anterior half and the umbilicus are horncolored; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls areslightly rounded with a depression a little below the summit on thelast half of the last turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked byobsolete, retractively curved axial riblets and faint traces of mallea-tions in the depressed portion below the summit. Suture verystrongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly, openlyumbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by rather regularaxial riblets, which become intensified on the umbilical wall. Aper-ture circular with an angulation at the posterior angle; peristomesrniple ; the outer lip thin, the inner thin and slightly reflected. Theparietal wall is covered with a thin callus rendering the peritremecomplete. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 8 whorls.U.S.N.M. No. 25074:2 contains two specimens from Chanchamayo,Peru. The specimen described and figured has 4.5 whorls and meas-ures : Height, 13.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 26.4 mm, ; lesser diameter,19.5 mm. Height of aperture, 11 mm. ; diameter, 12 mm.This species resembles A. (A.) venezuelense in the obsolete ribbing,but differs from it in having the whorls much flatter on the uppersurface and not inbent near the suture as in that form.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) ECUADORENSE, new speciesPlate 36, Figures 4-6Shell helicoid, the early whorls reddish horn colored, the last horncolored. There is a lighter, very pronounced zone immediately abovethe periphery, and a darker zone, which gradually fades basally,occupying the posterior two-fifths of the whorl. The rest of the baseis of about the same shade of horn color as the last whorl; interiorof aperture bluish white, showing the external banding within. Thenucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the last one is graduallydeflected for half of a turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked byquite regular, retractively curved, slightly flattened axial riblets,which are a little broader than the spaces that separate them. Onthe last part of the last turn these become somewhat weakened.Suture well impressed. Periphery rounded. Base narrowly um-bilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by strong axialriblets, which are considerably stronger than those on the upper sur-face. Aperture oblique, subcircular, with a slight auricle at the
THE CYCIiOPHORTD LAND M0LLU6K9 OF AMERICA 249posterior angle ; peristome simple ; outer lip thin, the inner thickenedand slightly reflected. A strong callus covers the parietal wall andrenders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aper-ostomid and shows 8 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316105, was collected by Cuming at Quito,Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures : Height, 23.3 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 33.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.5 mm. Height of aperture,14.5 mm.; diameter, 15.7 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 307407 contains three topotypes, and U.S.N.M. No.316110 contains another topotype.This species is differentiated from the others of the group thathave the axial ribs of the umbilical wall stronger than on the uppersurface by its narrow umbilicus.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SUBCINGULATUM (Kobclt)Plate 36, Figubes 1-31912. Neocpclotus (giganteus?) subcingulatus Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Con-chylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 892, pi. 133, figs. 4-6.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) subcingulatum H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42.Shell low, helicoid, covered with a reddish periostracum, whichpales to chestnut-brown on the last turn. There is a very narrowlight zone immediately above the periphery. The base is bicolor ; theposterior portion covering about two-fifths of the base is dark chest-nut-brown at the periphery and gradually pales anteriorly; the an-terior portion is bright horn color. The nucleus consists of 2 small,well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded,the last one having a slight depression immediately below the sum-mit. All but the last postnuclear whorls are marked by slender,retractively curved axial riblets, which are not so wide as the spacesthat separate them. On the last whorl, however, these riblets growconsecutively weaker and become quite evanescent toward the end.Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Basebroadly umbilicated, inflated, marked by the continuation of the axialriblets, which are weak at the periphery but grow stronger as theycross the base, being very strong on the umbilical wall. Aperturebroadly oval, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peristomesimple; the outer lip thin; the inner lip slightly thickened andslightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thickcallus, which renders the peritreme complete.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 98109, comesfrom Quito, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures : Height, 19.5mm. ; greater diameter, 36.1 mm. ; lesser diameter, 24.6 mm. Heightof aperture, 14.7 mm. ; diameter, 16.3 mm.
250 BULLETESr 181, TJNTTEiD SWATElS NIATTONIAIL MUSEUMU.S.N.M. No. 366106 contains an additional specimen from Quito
;
U.S.N.M. No. 126907, one specimen collected by M. B. Kerr islabeled merely "Ecuador."This species, which has the same type locality as A. {A.) ecuador-ense, is of about the same size as that species but is more depressed,with a much larger umbilicus.THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) QUITENSEMedium-sized shells, not decidedly depressed and having a ratherlarge aperture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) QUITENSE (Pfeiffer)Plate 36, FiGtrsEvS 13-151852. Cyclostoma {Cyclotus) quitense Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol.20, p. 61.1852. Cyclotus quitensis Pfeoter, Monographia pneumopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 17.1854. Cyclostoma quitense Pfeiffer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, p. 340, pi. 44, figs. 19-22.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) quitensis Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) quitensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 43.Shell rather large, low, helicoid, covered with a bright chestnut-brown periostracum. There is a pale, rather broad zone immediatelyabove the periphery. The base is bicolor, having a broad, very darkchestnut-brown band immediately below the periphery, which ex-tends over half of the base. The anterior half of the base, includingthe umbilical wall, is bright horn color ; interior of aperture decidedlybluish, showing the external banding within. The nucleus consistsof 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are wellrounded, the last one is slightly impressed a little below the suture.They are marked with weak, retractively curved axial riblets. Suturestrongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. The light band abovethe periphery produces an optical illusion of angulation. Base mod-erately broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and markedby the continuation of the feeble riblets on the posterior half, but fromthere on these riblets become much strengthened and are quite strongon the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval, with a rather strongauricle at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip ratherflaringly expanded and slightly reflected; inner lip somewhat thick-ened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which rendersthe peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aperostomid,showing: 9 whorls.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUiSKS OF AMEKTOA 251The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307446, comesfrom Quito, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 20.8mm. ; greater diameter, 36.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 24.2 mm. Heightof aperture, 14 mm. ; diameter, 18.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 307396 contains three topotypes collected by Cum-ing; U.S.N.M. No. 307431 contains another topotype from the Moreletcollection.This species is easily differentiated from A. (A.) ecitadorense andsubcingulatum (Kobelt) by its smoother surface and much largeraperture. APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) OLIVACEUM, new speciesPliATE 36, FiGXJEES 10-12Shell low, helicoid, the early whorls pinkish, the last olivaceouswith darker axial streaks, which are of irregular width and spacing.There is a light zone immediately above the periphery and a darkerbroad zone covering the posterior two-fifths of the base. Theumbilical wall and the rest of the base are of the same color as theupper surface of the last turn ; interior of the aparture bluish. Thenucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The post-nuclear whorls are well rounded; however, there is a depressed areaa little below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked byretractively curved axial ribs, which are of about the same widthas the spaces that separate them and which grow consecutivelystronger as the shell increases in size. In addition, there are irregu-lar, oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit onthe last turn and feeble indications of spiral markings on the restof the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. The periphery iswell romided. The light band, however, gives it the optical illusionof being angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by the continuaaion of the axial ribs, whichbecome slightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture verylarge, subcircular ; peristome simple ; outer lip thin ; inner thickened.The parietal wall is covered by a very heavy callus which is slightlyemarginated, and which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524084, comes from Ecuador. It has 4.6whorls and measures : Height, 20.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 34.2 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 23.1 mm. Height of aperture, 13.9 mm.; diameter,16.6 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 307423 contains a topotype.This species in form and sculpture most nearly resembles A. {A.)castanewm^ from which its much paler coloration easily distinguishes it.
252 BULLETIN 181, mSTITEiD iSWATES NATTON'AL MUSEUMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CASTANEUM, new speciesPi^TE 36, Figures 7-9Shell low, helicoid, bright chestnut-brown on the upper turns, witha light zone immediately above the periphery and a broad darkchestnut-brown band immediately below the periphery. The restof the base is golden horn colored ; interior of aperture bluish white,the edge buff colored. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded,well impressed a little anterior to the suture with a slender cord atthe suture. The last whorl is decurrent for about one-quarter of aturn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by strong, retractivelycurved, very regular axial riblets, which become decidedly weakenedon the last quarter of the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base moderately broadly, openly umbili-cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuationof the axial ribs, which do not become stronger on the umbilicalwall. Aperture very large, very broadly ovate with a slight angu-lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin,decidedly produced on the outer lip and slightly reflected; innerlip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderatelythick callus, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524087, comes from Venezuela withoutspecific locality. It has 4.4; whorls and measures: Height, 18.4mm. ; greater diameter, 32,2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 21.4 nun. Heightof aperture, 12.3 mm. ; diameter, 15.7 mm.This species resembles A. (A.) olivaceimh but differs from it inhaving the axial sculpture much stronger and the last whorl de-cidedly decurrent and in being of much darker coloration.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PERUVIANUM (Da Costa)Plate 36, Figures 16-181906. Neocyclotus peruvianus Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 7, p. 98,pi. 11, figs. 7-9.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) peruvianus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42.We have not seen specimens of this species and so give a translationof Da Costa's description and copy his figures
:
Shell large, openly umbilicated, depressed, grayish brown with anarrow yellowish band above the periphery. The base bears a broaddark band. Whorls 4.5, convex, impressed at the suture, obliquelyrib-striated. Aperture obliquely circular; bluish white. Greaterdiameter, 38 mm. ; lesser diameter, 29 mm.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEHIOA 253Type locality : Pozuzo, eastern Peru.Da Costa further adds: "There is a certain resemblance betweenthis shell and N. cingulatus, Sowb., from Colombia, but it is lessopenly umbilicated and not so strongly striated. The different geo-graphical distribution of the two species should be sufficient to dis-tinguish them. The shelly operculum is thick and consists of 8-9whorls, which are thickened at the inner edge,"The very broad umbilicus will distinguish this from the othermembers whose last whorl is not finely regularly ribbed.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SALENGOENSE, new speciesPlate 37, Figxjbes 18-20Shell low, helicoid; the denuded early whorls pinkish, the laterturns soiled white. Where the periostracum remains this is shownto be golden-yellow on the upper surface. There is a narrow lightzone at the periphery and the base has a broad, dark, colored bandcovering two-fifths of its surface. Anterior to this, including theumbilical wall, the base has a horncolored periostracum; interior ofthe aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns, forming a rather pointed apex. The post-nuclear whorls are well rounded, with a slightly impressed areaa little below the suture on the last turn and a weak cord at the sum-mit, which is appressed to the preceding turn. The postnuclearwhorls are marked by rather irregular, poorly developed, retrac-tively slanting axial riblets which become evanescent on the last partof the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery feebly an-gulated. Base moderately openly umbilicated, inflated, well-rounded,and marked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizesthe upper surface. Aperture broadly oval with a slight auricle at theposterior angle ; peristome simple ; the outer lip produced at its junc-tion with the basal lip and slightly reflected, thin ; the inner slightlythickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which isseparated from the preceding turn by an impressed groove, whichrenders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 104432, was collected by Cuming at SalengoIsland, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures : Height, 21.5 nun.
;
greater diameter, 37.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.4 mm. Height ofaperture, 13.5 mm. ; diameter, 17.7 mm.The appressed summit distinguishes this species from the othermembers of the group having a moderately broad umbilicus.
428349?42 17
254 BULLETIN 181, msTITED STATES NATIONiAL MUSEtJMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MASVENSE, new speciesPlate 37, Figures 1-3Shell helicoid. The denuded early whorls pinkish, the rest oli-vaceous with a brownish tinge. There are also irregular axialstreaks of a darker shade. There is a narrow light zone immediatelyabove the periphery and a broad dark band about one-fifth of thewidth of the base anterior to the periphery. The rest of the baseis olivaceous horn colored; interior of the aperture bluish, showingthe dark band within. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, thelast one decurrent for some little distance behind the aperture, hav-ing a strongly impressed groove a little anterior to the summit.The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather coarse, retractivelycurved, and somewhat irregularly developed axial riblets, which be-come decidedly weakened on the last quarter of the last turn. Inthe groove below the suimnit there are oblique scratches. Suturesvery strongly impressed, almost channeled. Periphery obsoletelyangulated. Base narrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, whichincrease but slightly on the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircularwith a conspicuous angulation at the posterior angle; peristomesimple; outer lip thin, slightly expanded; the inner lip somewhatthickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which isseparated from the preceding turn by an impressed line, whichrenders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524048, was collected by Oscar Haught atCerro Masve, Guayas Province, Ecuador. It has 4.5 whorls andmeasures: Height, 18.9 mm.; greater diameter, 30.2 mm.; lesser di-ameter, 21.1 mm. Height of aperture, 11.8 mm. ; diameter, 14.1 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 524049 contains 15 topotypes from the same source.The more elevated spire will readily distinguish this species fromA. (A.) agassizi, which also has the axial sculpture comparativelystronger. APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) AGASSIZI, new speciesPlate 37, Figures 4-6Shell depressed-helicoid ; the early denuded whorls pink; the lastcovered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, which is paler on theearly whorls than on the last. There is a small white zone imme-diately above the periphery, and a broad dark chestnut brown band,which covers about a quarter of the base immediately below theperiphery. The rest of the base is yellowish horn colored. Thenucleus consists of 2 rather large, well-rounded, smooth turns. The
THE CTOLOPHORII) LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 255postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, the last one havinga depressed area a little anterior to the summit. The summit itself,at least on the last whorl, shows like a cord. The postnuclear whorlsare marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, which on the penul-timate whorl are about as wide as the spaces that separate them; onthe last half of the last whorl they gradually become weakened andfinally evanescent. Suture very conspicously impressed. Peripheryof the last whorl feebly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated,inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of theaxial ribs which become irregular and rather poorly emphasized onthe umbilical wall. Aperture large with a moderately conspicuousangulation at the posterior angle ; peristome simple ; outer lip ratherproduced, thin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall iscovered by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turnby an impressed line, rendering the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 57285, was collected by Louis Agassiz inBrazil, probably in the Amazon River region, since the Agassizexpedition covered that field. It had 4.4 whorls and measures:Height, 15.7 mm.; greater diameter, 28.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 19mm. Height of aperture, 11.1 mm.; diameter, 13.7 mm.This species is readily distinguished from A. (A.) nevadeTise byits deeply impressed suture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) NEVADENSE, new speciesPlate 37, Figtjees 15-17Shell helicoid, the upper surface covered by a brownish olivaceousperiostracum, which on the last half of the last turn becomes olive.There is a narrow, faint, spiral, lighter zone immediately above theperiphery. The base has a pale olivaceous-brown band covering one-fifth of the base, anterior to the periphery. The rest is olivaceoushorn colored. The nucleus consists of 2, rather large, well-rounded,smooth turns. The post-nuclear whorls are well rounded, the last oneis slightly flattened toward the sutufe. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by very poorly developed, irregular, somewhat wavy axialriblets. Suture weakly impressed. On the last half of the last turnthe riblets become decidedly irregular and almost obsolete. Peripheryobsoletely angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, wellrounded, and marked by irregularly developed and spaced riblets,which give it a rough surface, even rougher than the spire. Aperturebroadly oval, weakly angulated at the posterier angle; peristomesimple; the outer lip thin; the inner slightly thickened and slightlyreflected. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus,which renders the peritfeme complete.
256 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUIMThe type, U.S.N.M. No 206494, was collected by Gabaldon andsons at an altitude of 8,400 ft., in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,Venezuela. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 15.8 mm.;greater diameter, 28.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.3 mm. Height ofaperture, 10.9 mm. ; diameter, 13 mm.The rough irregular sculpture and weakly impressed suture willreadily differentiate this species from A. (A.) agassizi.THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FASCIATUMSmall shells with rather narrow umbilicus and small aperture.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FASCIATUM (Kobelt)Plate 37, Figures 7-91912. Neocyclotus popayanus fasciata Kobext, Martini-Chemnitz ConchylienCabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 900 (pi. 7, figs. 7-10), pi. 139, figs. 1-5.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) popayana fasciata H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, 40, 44.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotvs) dunkeri var. approaching P. popayana H. B. Baker,Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 40, 45, pi. 5, fig. T.Shell small, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous-brown periostracum,which fades to olivaceous on the last portion of the last turn. Inaddition, there is a pale band immediately above the periphery and in-dications of additional inconspicuous spiral lighter zones on the uppersurface. There is a dark band of brown about one-fifth width of baseimmediately anterior to the periphery and in addition to that lesserspiral bands of brown on the anterior half of the base; the rest isolivaceous horn colored ; the interior of aperture is bluish white. Thenucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are well elevated, inflated, and stronglyrounded. The last one is deflected below the periphery for almost aturn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, retractivelycurved, hairlike riblets, which become much enfeebled on the lastquarter of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded andmarked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs on the posteriorhalf; on the anterior half and the umbilical wall the axial ribs becomevery much intensified. Aperture rather small, circular, with a slightangulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; the outer lipslightly flaringly expanded ; the inner somewhat thickened. A mod-erately thick callus covers the parietal wall. It is separated from thepreceding turn by an impressed line and renders the peritreme com-plete. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 9 whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No.57766, which comes from Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. It has 4.3
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 257
whorls and measures : Height, 16 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.8 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. Height of aperture, 9.4 mm.; diameter,10.3 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 316273 contains 2 additional specimens labeled
''Venezuela."While this species resembles A. (A.) pazi (Crosse) in having thelast whorl deflected, it can be distinguished from it in being muchdarker in coloration and in havmg the umbilicus narrower.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAZI (Crosse)Plate 37, Figures 12-141866. Cyclotus pasi Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 356, pi. 14, fig. 3.1897. Neocyclotiis (NeocycJotus) poisi Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (NeocycloUis) pazi H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi-gan, No. 137, p. 41.Shell small, helicoid, covered by an olivaceous periostracum, theearly whorls of which have a brownish tinge. There are irregularstreaks of darker axial bands present. There is a narrow pale zoneimmediately posterior to the periphery and a weak brownish bandabout one-quarter the width of the base anterior to the periphery. Therest of the base is horn colored ; interior of aperture bluish white. Thenucleus consists of two moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the summit of the lastone falls very materially below the periphery of the preceding turn.The postnuclear whorls are marked by fairly strong, retractively slant-ing axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separatethem. On the last half of the last turn these riblets become veryirregular, more or less fused, and quite obsolete on the last portion.Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbili-cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation ofthe axial sculpture, which becomes a little heavier and more irregularon the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular, very slightly angu-lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; innerlip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderatelythick callus which is separated from the preceding turn by animpressed line rendering the peritreme complete.U.S.N.M. No. 307401 contains two specimens, one of which has servedfor our figure. They were collected by Cuming on Chimborazo,Ecuador. The specimen figured has 4i/4 whorls and measures : Height,11 mm. ; greater diameter, 22 mm. ; lesser diameter, 18.5 mm. Heightof aperture, 9.5 mm. ; diameter, 9.9 mm.This species resembles A. (A.) fasciatum (Kobelt) in having thelast whorl decidedly deflected but differs from it in being much palerand m having the umbilicus wider.
258 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAiL MUSEUMAPEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CAUCAENSE (Da Costa)Plate 37, Figubes 10, 111801. Neocyclotus caucaensn Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 4, p. 240,pi. 24, fig. 9.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) caucacnsis H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 41.We have not seen specimens of this species and so give a trans-lation of Da Costa's description and copy his figure
:
Shell moderately profoundly umbilicated, subdiscoid, vivid oliva-ceous green with the interior of the aperture white and narrowlybanded at and below the periphery. Whorls 4, impressed at thesuture; the last canaliculate below. Aperture circular; peristomethin, with a cut in the basal lip. Greater diameter, 30 mm.; lesser,23.5 mm.Habitat: Province of Cauca, Colombia.Da Costa then adds : "Of the two specimens received of this singu-lar shell one was returned by the writer in hopes that others mightbe discovered, but without result. In both of the shells sent thefissure on the lip occurs in precisely the same place, just below theshallow canal that surrounds the base; a similar fissure is foundin N. giganteus, var. Fischsrianus, Hid., from Ecuador, but thatform has no canal on the base."This species looks to us as if its peculiarities were due to an in-jury; however, not having seen it or anything like it, we merelycite it as described and figured.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) COLOMBIENSE (Da Costa)Plate 38, Figubes 22-241901. Neocyclotus colomUensis Da Costa, Proc. Mai. Soc. London, vol. 4, p. 240,pi. 24, fig. 7 (not Cyclostoma colambiensis Ferussac MS., Orbigny, 1835).1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) colombicnsis H. B. Bakek, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 43.Shell helicoid, the upper portion brownish olivaceous. There isa narrow light band immediately above the periphery and a narrowdark chestnut-colored band immediately below the periphery. Thereis a second dark chestnut-colored band of the same intensity andwidth on the middle of the base. Between these two there arenumerous slender, spiral hairlines of dark brown. The rest of thebase is olivaceous horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white.The nucleus consists of 2 rather large, well-rounded, small turns.The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the last one dropsconsiderably below the periphery of the preceding turn and bearsa conspicuous rounded cord at the appressed summit. Below thiscord is an impressed groove. The postnuclear whorls are marked by
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND M0LLUSK9 OF AMERICA 259
retractively curved feeble riblets, which are rather irregular instrength and spacing, and which become weaker on the last turnand obsolete on the last portion thereof. Suture well impressed.Periphery weakly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated,strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the feeble axialsculpture, which, however, develops into stronger and broader ribletson the umbilical wall. Aperture circular with a moderately strongangulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin,slightly expanded and slightly reflected ; inner lip moderately thick-ened. The parietal wall is covered by a heavy callus, which isstrongly separated from the preceding turn and renders the peritremecomplete.The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307432, wasreceived from Sowerby and Fulton with the designation "NewGrenada" (Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height,18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 27.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.2 mm.Height of aperture, 11 mm. ; diameter, 12.8 mm.Da Costa's figure yields the following measurements : Height, 21.1mm. ; greater diameter, 33.5 mm. ; lesser diameter, 24.7 mm. Heightof aperture, 13.4 mm.; diameter, 14.9 mm. It has 5 whorls.This species recalls A. {A.) caucaense (Da Costa) but lacks thebasal sinus or configuration described therefor. It also suggestsA. {A.) 'perezi (Hildalgo), but is much larger than that species.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PEREZI (Hidalgo)Plate 38, Figures 4-61866. Cyclotus perezi Hildago, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 344, pi. 14, fig, 2.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) perezi Kobelt and Moixendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) perezi H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 43.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, the upper surface bright reddishchestnut-brown. There is a very inconspicuous, narrow, slightlylighter zone immediately above the periphery. The base has abroad dull chestnut-brown band immediately below the peripheryand another narrow one of the same shade on the middle of thebase. The rest is a little paler than the upper surface. The nucleusconsists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. Thepostnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, almost flattenedat the summit. The summit of the last one falls slightly belowthe periphery of the preceding turn. The postnuclear whorls aremarked by regular fine riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Pe-riphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated and marked bythe continuation of the axial riblets, which become a little less
260 BULLETIN 181, UNITElD STIATES NATIONAL MUSEUMstrong on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular with a slight angu-lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin andthe inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by amoderately strong callus M'hich renders the peritreme complete.U.S.N.M, No. 316104 contains two specimens from Quito, Ecuador.The one figured has 4 whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.;greater diameter, 24,5 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.8 mm. Height ofaperture, 10.2 mm. ; diameter, 11.1 mm.The small size and more depressed form readily distinguish thisspecies from A. (A.) colojnbieiise (Da Costa), and the regular rib-bing of the upper surface differentiates it from A. {A.) redfieldi.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BOLIVIENSE, new speciesPlate 38, Figures 7-9Shell helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, whichis a little paler near the suture than on the major portion of theturns. There is a narrow, inconspicuous, lighter zone immediatelyabove the periphery. The base is marked by a broad chestnut-brown band, which gradually fades from the periphery basally. Thisis separated by a narrow band, which is about twice as wide a.sthe narrow dark chestnut-brown band below it, which occupiesthe middle of the base. The general coloration of the base is oliva-ceous horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are strongly rounded; the summit of the last one graduallyfalls below the periphery of the preceding turn. The postnuclearwhorls are marked by rather strong, retractively curved axial riblets,which grow somewhat weaker and irregular on the last part ofthe last whorl. Suture very deeply impressed. Periphery obsoletelyangulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly roundedand marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which grow veryslightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval, pro-duced at the junction of the basal and outer lip; peristome simple;outer lip sharp; inner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall iscovered by a thick callus, which is separated from the precedingturn by a deeply impressed groove which renders the peritremecomplete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307426, was received from Sowerby andFulton with the designation '-'-Neocyclotus inca Orbigny var. MinorPfeiffer" and the locality "Bolivia." It has 4.2 whorls and measures
:
Height, 14.5 mm.; greater diameter, 23.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.5mm. Height of aperture, 9.7 mm.; diameter, 10.9 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 524102 contains one topotype from the same source.
THE CTCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSK-9 OF AMERICA 261This species resembles A. (A.) redfleldi. It has the suture muchmore profoundly impressed and the median basal dark band morenearly on the middle of the base.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) REDFIELDI, new speciesPlate 38, Figtjees 10-12Shell small, helicoid. The upper surface is dark chestnut-brown.There is a broad light band immediately above the periphery, whilebelow the periphery there is a broad dark chestnut-brown band abouttwice as wide as the light zone above, and a second narrow band occu-pies the base a little posterior to the middle. The rest of the base isolivaceous, with a brownish tinge; interior of the aperture bluishwhite. The nucleus consists of about 2 well-rounded, smooth turns.The postnuclear whorls are well rounded ; the last one is appressed asa feeble cord at the summit, below which there is an impressed groove.The postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, poorly developed axialriblets which are of irregular size and spacing. On the last part ofthe last turn they become quite obsolete. The summit of the last whorlfalls slightly below the periphery of the preceding turn. Peripheryobscurely angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which donot appear to grow stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture almostcircular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle ; peristome simple
;
the outer lip sharp ; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall iscovered by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turnby a strongly impressed groove, which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307399, comes from Brazil. It has 4.5whorls and measures : Height, 14.5 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.6 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 16.7 mm. Height of aperture, 8.5 mm.; diameter,10.3 mm.This species is very closely related to A. {A.) holimense but has theheight of the aperture proportionately smaller. The color band alsooccupies a different position. In A. {A.) holwiense it is on the middleof the base, while in this species it is more posterior. A. (A.) holi-men^e also has the suture much more strongly impressed.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CURRANI, new speciesPlate 38, Figures 1-3Shell helicoid, soiled white when denuded. The fragments of theperiostracum remaining in the specimen before us show a golden-brown tint on the upper surface with a dark subperipheral band onthe base. The nuclear whorls are decollated in our specimen. Thepostnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by retractively
262 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
slanting axial riblets. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery ob-scurely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, inflated,well rounded, with the axial riblets growing a little stronger on the um-bilical wall. Aperture subcircular ; peristome simple ; outer lip slightlyexpanded and reflected; inner moderately thickened. The parietalwall is covered by a rather heavy callus, which is separated from thepreceding turn by an impressed line.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 322360, was collected by H. M. Curran onthe Rio Gregugy, Bahia, Brazil. It has a little more than 2 whorlsremaining and measures : Height, 16 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.5 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. Height of aperture, 12.1 mm.We dislike to describe imperfect material as new species but aremaking an exception in this case because the specimen in questionrepresents an element completing the range of the group to whichit belongs.The species can be easily differentiated from A. (A.) mejTilU byits larger size.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) NANUM, new speciesPlate 38, Figures 13-15Shell small, helicoid ; the upper surface horn yellow with a narrowlight zone immediately above the periphery. Below the peripherythere is a narrow blackish-brown zone. The rest of the base is of thesame color as the upper surface. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded ; thelast one has an inconspicuous cord at the summit immediately adjacentto which is an impressed groove. The summit of the last half turn ofthe last whorl is gradually deflected until it falls below the dark sub-peripheral band. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractivelyslanting axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that sep-arate them. Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery obscurelyangulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, markedby the continuation of the axial ribs, which become very much enfeebledon the last half. These axial riblets become stronger on the umbilicalwall. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle;peristome simple ; outer lip thin ; inner lip somewhat thickened. Thenarrow parietal wall is covered by a thick callus which renders theperitreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 336128, was collected by H. Pittier on thecoastal range somewhere between sea level and 200 meters betweenCaracas and Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. It has 4 whorls and meas-ures : Height, 13.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 21.7 mm. ; lesser diameter,15.3 mm. Height of aperture, 8.5 mm. ; diameter, 10.1 mm.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOI/LU&Kg OF AMERTOA 263The small size and pale coloration readily distinguish this speciesfrom the other members of the group.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MERRILLI, new speciesPlate 38, Figures 19-21Shell low, helicoid. The upper surface olivaceous, with a brownishtinge. There is a broad light zone immediately above the peripheryand a broad dark zone covering about two-fifths of the base immedi-ately below the periphery. The rest of the base is a little paler thanthe upper surface. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded. Thelast one is gradually deflected until it falls about halfway across thedark subperipheral band at the aperture. The postnuclear whorlsare marked by retractively curved, slender axial riblets, which arenot quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. These riblets be-come somewhat confused and irregular on the last half of the lastturn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery obscurely angulated.Base openly, rather broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded,and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which becomeobsolete on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular with aslight angulation at the posterior angle ; peristome simple ; outer lipthin; inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by amoderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 58310 comes from Brazil. It has 4.3whorls and measures : Height, 14.6 mm. ; greater diameter, 23.7 mm,
;
lesser diameter, 17 mm. Height of aperature, 9.5 mm.; diameter,10.9 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 203708 contains five not quite perfect specimens ob-tained by H. B. Merrill on the Braganza Railway in the AmazonValley; U.S.N.M. No. 57286 contains another specimen obtained bythe Agassiz Expedition to Brazil.The larger size, darker coloration, and the feeble sculpture on theumbilical wall readily distinguish this species from A. (A.) nanum.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PULCHELLUM, new speciesPlate 38, Figures 16-18Shell small, depressed-helicoid, thin. The early whorls with apinkish tinge ; the later pale horn colored. There is an inconspicuouslight zone immediately above the periphery and a moderately broadchestnut band immediately below it. The rest of the base is coloredlike the upper surface of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 2rather large, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorlsare well rounded, slightly flattened toward the summit, or even some-
264 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMwhat inbent. The summit of the last turn gradually falls below theperiphery of the preceding turn at the aperture, and is more thanthe width of the brown band below the brown band. The postnu-clear whorls are marked by feeble axial riblets, which are merelyindicated on the last half of the last turn. Suture very deeply im-pressed. Base broadly openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, wellrounded and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which donot become intensified on the umbilical wall. Aperture very large;peristome simple; outer lip expanded and slightly reflected; innerlip slightly thickened. A very heavy callus covers the parietal wall,from which it is separated by a strongly impressed groove, whichrenders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperostomid,showing 9 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524125, comes from Brazil. It has 4.3whorls and measures : Height, 12.1 mm. ; greater diameter, 22.1 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 15 mm. Height of aperture, 6.9 mm.; diameter,10.5 mm.The pale coloration, obsolete supraperipheral light zone, and feebleaxial sculpture on the umbilical wall readily differentiate this speciesfrom A. (A.) merrilli.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) POPAYANUM (Lea)Plate 39, Figuees 17-19 (type), 20-221839. Cyclostoma popayana Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, new ser., vol. 6, p. 94,pi. 23, fig. 76.1847. Aperostoma popayanum Pfeifj<kk, Zeitsch. f. Malak., vol. 4, p. 104.1852. Cyclotus popaynnus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventiura,vol. 1, p. 21.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) popayanus Kobbxt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) popayana H. B. Bakek, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 44.Shell helicoid, the upper surface olivaceous horn colored with axialstreaks of darker shades, which are of irregular size and spacing.There is a narrow light zone immediately above the periphery anda brownish olivaceous band below the periphery, which graduallyfades basally. The rest of the base is horn colored. The nucleusconsists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns, forming a ratherelevated spire. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the lastone slightly deflected below the periphery, forming a weak cord atthe appressed summit, below which there is an impressed groove.The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively curved slenderaxial riblets, which are narrower than the spaces that separate them,and which on the last turn become rather irregular. Here, too, thereare oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit and, to
THE CYCfLOPHORID LAND MOLrLUSKS OF AMERICA 265
a lesser extent, on the rest of the whorl. Periphery obscurely angu-lated. Base narrowly umbilicated, and marked by the feeble con-tmuation of the axial ribs, which do not become intensified on theumbilical wall. Aperture circular with a conspicuous angulation attlie posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin, somewhat ex-panded and slightly reflected on the basal half; slightly thickened onthe inner lip with the parietal wall covered by a moderately thickcallus which is separated from the preceding turn by an impressedline, which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typicallyaperostomid, showing 9 whorls.Lea's type, U.S.N.M. No. 104453, was collected by Dr. Gibbons nearPopayan, Grenada (that is, southwest Colombia). It has 4.2 whorlsand measures: Height, 14.7 mm.; greater diameter, 22.6 mm,; lesserdiameter, 16 mm. Height of aperture, 9.8 mm. ; diameter, 10.7 mm.A second specimen with the type and bearing the same numberis considerably larger but in every way similar to the dead denudedtype. It measures: Height, 18.4 mm.; greater diameter, 27.5 mm.;lesser diameter, 19 mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm.; diameter,12.6 mm. It has 4.6 whorls.We have also figured one of two specimens received from Bland,U.S.N.M. No. 307406, collected at Marmato, New Grenada (south-western Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 15.4mm.; greater diameter, 23.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 17 mm. Heightof aperture, 10.4 mm. ; diameter, 10.8 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 356029 contains two young specimens from NewGrenada.This species appears nearest related to ^. (A.) balsasense, fromwhich it can readily be differentiated by the scratched surface of thelast whorl, which is not present in halsasense.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BALSASENSE, new speciesPlate 39, FiGtrBEs 1-3Shell depressed-helicoid. The early whorls are flesh colored; thelast two horn colored with a brownish flush. There is a very narrowlight zone immediately above the periphery and a broad dark zonebelow the periphery which extends from the periphery to almost themiddle of the base, gradually fading anteriorly. The anterior portionand umbilical wall are horn colored; the interior of the aperture isflesh white and shows the external banding. The nucleus consists of2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are wellrounded, appressed at the summit and marked on the penultimatewhorl by very regular and regularly spaced retractively curved axialribs. These ribs are about as wide as the spaces that separate them.On the last whorl the riblets become somewhat irregular and toward
260 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIOINIAL MUSEUMthe end evanescent. The summit of the last whorl drops slightly belowthe periphery. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, andmarked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs, which almostvanish on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, with a slight angu-lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip very thin;inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered with a thincallus which renders the peritreme complete.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524126, comes from Balsas, Peru. It has 4whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 23.3 mm.;lesser diameter, 16.4 mm. Height of aperture, 9.3 mm. ; diameter, 10.2mm. A topotype has the U.S.N.M. No. 524127.This species resembles most nearly A. (A.) popayanum (Lea), fromwhich the feeble basal sculpture and stronger ribs on the upper surfacewill readily distinguish it as well as the absence of strong scratchingon the last whorl.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARDOZI (H, B. Baker)Plate 39, Figures 4-61923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dunkeri cardozi H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 43, 44, pi. 5, fig. R.Shell small, depressed-helicoid, horn colored, with a broad brownishband extending from the periphery over the anterior two-fifths of thebase. This band is bordered on each side by a narrow darker zone, andthere is an obsolete stripe of this darker coloration midway betweenthese two in the specimen figured. The basal portion is a little palerthan the upper surface ; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleusconsists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls aresomewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked by retractively curved,moderately rough incremental lines, which develop into irregularobsolete riblets on the last half turn. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated,well rounded and marked like the upper surface. Aperture circular
;
peristome simple, thin, sharp. The parietal wall is covered by a mod-erately thick callus. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 7whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of two lent by ProfessorGoodrich for examination. It comes from La Fria, Venezuela. It isa topotype having 3.7 whorls and measures : Height, 8.9 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.7 mm. Height of aperture,7 mm. ; diameter, 7.3 mm.Baker's type has 3.7 whorls and measures : Height, 9.4 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 17 mm. Height of aperture, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 7.5 mm.This species appears most nearly related to A. {A.) halsasense butcan readily be differentiated from it by its much smaller size.
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OP AMERTQA 267APEKOSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) INCA (Orbigny)Plate 39, Figube 121835. Cyclostoma inca Orbigny, Mag. Zool., p. 29.1837. Cyclostoma inca Orbigny, Voyage dans rAm^rique m^ridionale . . ., vol. 5,p. 361, pi. 46, figs. 21-23.1843. Cyclostoma inca Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 24,figs. 71-72.1846. Cyclostoma inca Pfeiffeb, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1,sect. 19, p. 12, pi. 1, figs. 5-7.1847. Aperostoma inca Pfeiffee, ZSeitsch. malak., p. 104.1850. Cyclotus inca (pars) Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shellsin the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6,1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) inca (pars) Kobext and Moixenbobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) inca H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi-gan, No. 137, p. 44.Shell depressed-orbicular, moderately thick, transversely striate,greenish with a dark band belovs^ the median hair line. Spire pro-longed. Suture profound. Whorls 5. Aperture circular; lip thin,bluish within. Alt. 19 mm. ; diameter, 34 mm.Habitat: Bolivia.This is a translation of Orbigny's Latin diagnosis in the Magasinde Zoologie. To this we may add from Orbigny's "Voyage . . .," p. 361
:
The specimen came from Yungas, Bolivia.In this work Orbigny figures the animal, which is a beautiful rose-colored creature. The shell is rather poorly represented, so we havecopied Sowerby's figure.APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FILOLIRATUM (Sowerby)Plate 39, Figures 14-161892. Cyclotus filo-Uratus Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 298, pi. 23,figs. 17-19.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) filo-Uratus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 137, p. 41.We have not seen specimens of this species so give a translation ofSowerby's description and copy his figure.Shell broadly umbilicated, somewhat depressed, olivaceous. Thesuture with a dark olivaceous brown zone marked with numerous hair-like axial ribs. Spire slightly elevated. Suture profound. Whorls5, convex. The last not descending, concavely depressed near thesuture, carinated at the periphery ; otherwise convexly rounded. Aper-ture subcircidar ; peristome continuous, simple, slightly thickened.Altitude, 12 mm. ; greater diameter, 36 mm., lesser, 30 mm.Habitat : Bogota, Colombia (Museum Da Costa)
.
"The thread-like ridges on the body-whorl of this shell are muchmore distant and prominent than in O. hlanchetiammi (Moricand)
268 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STlATES NATIONAL MUSEUMand in other allied species. I have at present only seen a single speci-men."Sowerby's figure shows very strong axial ribs on the last whorl,which crenulate the angulated periphery.Sowerby's figure has 5 whorls and measures : Height, 20 mm. ; greaterdiameter, 36 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.8 mm. Height of aperture,15.4 mm.; diameter, 15 mm.Subgenus CYCLomDALGOA Bartsch (antea, p. 136)Aperostomas of helicoid shape with closely crowded axial riblets.Type: Aperostoma {Gyclohiddlgoa) translucidum (Sowerby).Distribution : Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Trinidad, andMargarita Island.The radula oi A. (C.) translucidum trinifense, according to Guppy,has the formula 3:3:3:3. The verge of A. (C.) translucidum he-jumense (H. B. Baker) is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles,and bears a seminal groove and a short terminal appendage.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI (Beddome)This species is differentiated from all the other Cyclohidalgoas byits gigantic size. It embraces the two subspecies that follow
:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLIGreater diameter more than 50 mm belliGreater diameter less than 44 mm haughtiAPEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI BELLI (Beddome)Pi^\TE 30, Figure 231908. Neocyclotus helli Beddome, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 8, pp. 20-21(fig).We have not seen this subspecies and quote Beddome's descriptionand copy his figure.
"Shell openly but rather narrowly umbilicate, turbinately de-pressed with conical spire, solid, of a rich chestnut-brown, somewhatpaler underneath and at the sutures; whorls five, convex, the firstfour gradually increasing, the last veiy large, the two apical onessmooth and shining, the others with prominent close oblique trans-verse striation; aperture obliquely subcircular; peristome simple,thick, sinuate at the suture ; operculum shelly, nearly flat, six-whorled.Diameter 51, height 32 mm. ; aperture 25 mm.
'"'"Hah.?Colombia, in dense forests near Zaragoza, at 800 feetelevation. Lately discovered by Mr. Ernest Bell."It is apparently closely related to A. (C.) h. haughti, but themeasurements cited by Beddome are much larger than haughti.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND M0I?LUSiK9 OF AMEiRTClA 269APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI HAUGHTI, new subspeciesPlATE 30, FIGUBES 24-26Shell very large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios-tracum. The nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded,smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, ap-pressed at the summit, with a depressed zone a little anterior to thesimunit and marked by somewhat sinuous, retractively curved, closelyspaced, slender axial ribs which are about as wide as the spaces thatseparate them. These riblets become enfeebled on the last portion ofthe last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery inflated, wellrounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, andmarked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes theupper surface. This also extends over the umbilical wall. Aperturelarge, circular, with a moderately strong auricle at the posteriorangle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; inner lip thickened. Theparietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritremecomplete. The operculum is typically aperostomid, showmg 6 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524136, was collected by Oscar Haught atthe south part of the Department of Santander, Colombia. It has5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 30.2 mm.; greater diameter, 43mm.; lesser diameter, 30.3 mm. Height of aperture, 22.8 mm.;diameter, 22.2 mm.U.S.N.M. No, 472798 contains eight topotypes from the same source.Its smaller size will differentiate it from A. (0.) helU belli(Beddome).APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM (Sowerby)Shell of helicoid shape. Nuclear whorls 2, strongly rounded,smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded and marked bynumerous closely crowded axial riblets. Suture well impressed.Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated,inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire. Aperture cir-cular; peristome simple. Operculum typically aperostomid.KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHmALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUMGreater diameter more than 26 mm majorGreater diameter less than 23 mm.Spire strongly elevated.Greater diameter more than 18 mm.Axial riblets coarse bejumenseAxial riblets not coarse trinitenseGreater diameter less than 13 mm pygmaeumSpire not strongly elevated.Greater diameter more than 22 mm translucidumGreater diameter less than 16 mm dunoonense428349?42 18
270 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD STATES NATI0!N1AX. MUSEUMaperostoma (cyclohidalgoa) translucidum major (h. b. baker)Plate 30, Figures 13-151923. Poteria {Neooyclotus) translucida major H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 33, 34, pi. 5, fig. H.Shell large, helicoid, well elevated, covered by a thin, yellowishhorn-colored periostracum. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded; the last one appressed at the summit and marked by re-tractively curved axial riblets, which become irregular on the lasthalf of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery in-flated, well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, wellrounded, and marked by the weak continuation of the axial sculp-ture, which extends over the umbilical wall. Aperture large,almost circular, with a slight angulation at the posterior angle;peristome simple, the outer lip sharp; inner lip slightly thickened.The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders theperitreme complete.The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No.360680, collected by H. Pittier near Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela.It has 4.8 whorls and measures : Height, 22.9 mm. ; greater diameter,27.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.3 mm. Height of aperture, 13 mm.;diameter, 13.7 mm.The National Museum collections contain additional specimens:No. 362142, two specimens, also collected by Pittier at Puerto LaCruz, Venezuela ; No. 307500, two specimens, collected by MacMurrayat the Penal Settlement, Essequibo Province, British Guiana;U.S.N.M. No. 428119, one specimen, collected by J. P. Morrison atKamaria, British Guiana.The large size will readily distinguish this from the other sub-species of translucidum. It is possible that when more material hasbeen received from the various stations included in the wide rangethat we are here assigning to this subspecies it will be necessary todivide it further, but we have not now enough to make this desirable.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHmALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM BEJUMENSE (H. B. Baker)Plate 30, Figure:s 4r-61923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) translucida hejumensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap.Mus. Zool. Univ. Micliigan, No. 137, pp. 33, 34, pi. 5, figs. D, E, F, G.Shell helicoid, strongly elevated, covered with an olivaceous horn-colored periostracum, which is a little darker on the early turns than onthe last; interior of aperture bluish white. The denuded tip is red-dish. The nucleus consists of 2 well rounded, smooth turns. Thepostnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by
THE CYCIiOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCIA 271
rather strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about aswide as the spaces that separate them, and which become intensifiedtoward the last part of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed.Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by the continuation of the wavy axial riblets,which extend also over the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, pro-duced at the posterior angle into a rather strong auriculation ; peristomesimple, outer lip thin ; inner thickened. The parietal wall is coveredby a rather thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. Oper-culum typically aperostomid, showing 5 whorls.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140913 contains two paratypes, oneof which we have described and figured. They come from BancoLargo, Bejuma, Venezuela. The specimen described and figured has4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 15.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 18.8 mm.
;
lesser diameter, 13.9 mm. Height of aperture, 9.1 mm.; diameter,9.2 mm.This subspecies is nearest related to A. {C.) translv^idvm trinitense(Guppy), from which it is easily distinguished by its coarser axialsculpture.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHmALGOA) TRANSLUCIDXJM TRINITENSE (Guppy)Plate 30, Figubes 1&-181864. Cyclotus trinitemis Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 245.1866. Cyclotus translucidus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, pp. 45, 46.1890. Neocyclotus translucidus trinitensis Ckosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 38, p. 54.1023. Poteria {Neocyclotus) translucida trinitensis H. B. Bakeb, Occ. Pap. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan No. 137, pp. 31, 33, pi. 5, figs. B, C.Shell helicoid, rather elevated, the early whorls rose-red, the lastone yellowish horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. Thenucleus consists of 2 well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked on the pe-nultimate whorl by very fine axial riblets; on the last whorl these be-come a little coarser, and on the last portion of the last turn evanescentand irregular. Below the appressed summit the last whorl is markedby some oblique scratches. Suture strongly impressed. Peripherystrongly arched. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which ex-tend over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, protracted into atriangular auricle at the posterior angle. Peristome simple; outer lipthin; inner lip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by acallus, which renders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typi-cally aperostomid and shows 5 whorls.The specimen described and figured is one of three, Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia No. 104631, collected by S. Brown at Cariaquita, Vene-
272 BULLETIN 181, UNITEiD STiATES NATTONiAL MUSEUM
zuela, on the east side of the bay ; this is across the bay from Trinidad.It has 4.5 whorls and measures : Height, 16.6 min. ; greater diameter,21.2 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. Height of aperture, 10.7 mm.
;
diameter, 10.8 mm.We are unable to differentiate this from the large series of Trinidadspecimens before us and therefore apply Guppy's name to it. It isnearest related to ^. (O.) tranducidvmi hejumense (H. B. Baker)from which the finer sculpture will distinguish it.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM PYGMAEUM, new subspeciesPlate 30, Figxjees 19-21Shell very small, thin, helicoid, strongly elevated, yellowish horncolored. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded smooth turns, form-nig a rather high apex. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, stronglyrounded, and marked by obsolete, retractively curved axial riblets.Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moder-ately broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked bythe continuation of the obsolete sculpture referred to for the spire.Aperture circular, slightly produced into an angle at the posteriorangle; peristome simple, the outer and imier lips thin. The parietalwall is covered by a moderately thick callus, which renders the peri-treme complete. The operculum is typically aperostomid and shows5 whorls.The type, U.S.N.M. No. 24026, was collected by F. E. Sumichrast atCaratal, Venezuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures : Height, 9.9 mm.
;
greater diameter, 12.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 9.3 mm. Height of aper-ture, 5.9 mm. ; diameter, 6.1 mm.U.S.N.M. No. 515727 contains five topotypes from the same source.The very small size readily distinguishes this form from all theother members of the group.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM TRANSLUCIDUM (Sowerby)Plate 30, Fiquees 1-3, 10-121843. Cyclostoma translucidum Soweeby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 29.1843. Cyclostoma translucidum Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 106,pi. 23, fig. 4.1852. Cijclotus translucidus Pfeiffeb, Monographia pneumonomoporum viventium,vol. 1, p. 20.1888. Neocyclotus translucidus Fischer and Crosse, Mission scientiflque auMexique et dans I'Am^rique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 162, pi. 48, fig. 1.1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) transludda translucida H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap.,Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 31, 33.1923. Poteria {Neocyclotus) translucida santaguitensis H. B. Bakee, ibid., pp. 33,35, pi. 5, figs. I. J.
THE CYCLOPHORTD LAND M0LL1JSK.9 OF AMERICA 273Shell helicoid, moderately elevated and covered with an olive-colored periostracum, which has irregular axial bands of brown. Thenucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclearwhorls are well rounded, the last one falling very slightly below theperiphery at the peristome. There is an impressed groove a littlebelow the summit, which gives to the last half of the shell a slightlychanneled aspect at this place. The postnuclear whorls are markedby very regular, retractively curved axial riblets, which grow lessregular and less strong toward the end of the last turn. In the groovebelow the periphery there are also oblique scratches. Base moderatelybroadly openly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and markedby the weak continuation of the axial ribs which extend overthe umbilical wall. Aperture circular; peristome thin; the outerlip sharp ; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is coveredby a moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete.Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 6 whorls.The specimen figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 307424, bearingthe label "New Grenada" (Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and meas-ures : Height, 16.2 mm. ; greater diameter, 22.4 mm. ; lesser diameter,16.3 mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm. ; diameter, 11 mm.The following additional specimens are in the National collections
:
No. 307405, two specimens from New Grenada; No. 307408, threespecimens from New Grenada.We have also figured a paratype of Baker's Poteria {Neocyclotus)translucida santaguitensis on plate 30, figures 10-12, which agrees inevery way with the typical material. This specimen has 4.3 whorlsand measures : Height, 16.8 mm. ; greater diameter, 22.2 mm. ; lesserdiameter, 16.3 mm. Height of aperture, 10.2 mm. ; diameter, 11.2 mm.In the low spire this subspecies resembles most nearly A. (O.)t. dunoonense, from which it can readily be distinguished by its largersize.APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHmALGOA) TRANSLUCmUM DUNOONENSE, new subspeciesPlate 30, Figxtbes 7-9Shell small, helicoid, moderately elevated, covered by an oliva-ceous periostracum, through which the early whorls shine pinkish.The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnu-clear whorls are strongly rounded, the last one appressed at the sum-mit with a well-impressed groove immediately below the sum-mit, which gives to the summit a corded appearance. The post-nuclear whorls are marked by weak, retractively curved axial ribs,which become obsolete on the last portion of the last turn. There area few oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit.
274 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATEOINIAL MUSEfUMSuture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moder-ately openly umbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axialsculpture, which here is a little stronger than on the spire. Aperturesubcircular, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristomesimple; outer lip thin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietalwall is covered by a moderately thick callus which renders the peri-treme complete.The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140876, was collected byEuthven and Gaige in British Guiana. It has 4.3 whorls and meas-ures: Height, 11.6 mm.; greater diameter, 15.5 mm.; lesser diameter,11.2 mm. Height of aperture, 7.4 mm. ; diameter, 7.8 mm.In shape and in sculpture this subspecies most nearly resembles thetypical form, from which it can be differentiated readily by its muchsmaller size. LIRACYCLOTUS, new genusSmall aperostomine shells of helicoid shape, having the whorlsmarked with low spiral threads. The operculum bears a low, re-flected, calcareous spiral lamella, between whose turns the upturnedouter edge of the basal chondroid plate is apparent.Type: Liracyclotus psilomitus (Pfeiffer).Distribution : Venezuela.LreACYCLOTUS PSILOMITUS (Pfeiffer)Plate 19, Figures 7-91851. Cyclostoma psilomitum Pfeiffeb, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 250.1852. Cyclophorus psilomitus Pfeiffer, Monographia pneuinonopomorum viven-tium, vol. 1, p. 96.1854. Cyclostoma psilomitum Pfeeffee. Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 319, pi. 41, figs. 24-25.1897. Amphicyclotus psilomitus Kobelt and Moixendobff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.Shell small, helicoid, covered with a horn-colored periostracum.The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnu-clear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by slender spiralthreads of which 10 are present between the summit and periphery.In addition, the whorls are marked by weak incremental lines andnumerous, heavy, unpressed axial resting stages, which render thesurface rather rough. The spiral threads are much narrower thanthe spaces that separate them; they are not quite regularly spaced,and there is a little broader zone with a spiral liration immediatelybelow the summit. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery wellrounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated with rather strong,low, rounded spiral threads, which are separated by mere impressedlines. Of these, 14 are present between the periphery and the umbil-
THE CYOLOPHORID LAiND MOI/LUSK.S OF AMERTCIA 275ical angulation and 6 more on the outer portion of the umbilicalwall. They seem to be absent in the interior. The base also has acontinuation of the incremental lines. Aperture circular; peristomesimple, sharp all around. The parietal wall is covered by a moder-ately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The oper-culum bears a low reflected calcareous spiral lamella between whoseturns the upturned outer edge of the basal chondroid plate is ap-parent.U.S.N.M. No. 307404 contains the figured specimen, which wascollected by Cuming in Venezuela. It has 4.6 whorls and measures
:
Height, 8.3 mm.; greater diameter, 13.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8mm. Height of aperture, 8 mm., diameter, 6.4. mm.INCERTICYCLUS, a pseudogeneric termA full discussion of this proposed term will be found on p. 137.INCERTICYCLUS DISTINCTUS (Sowerby)Plate 39, Figure 111843. Cyclostoma disfmcttim Soweeby, Thesaurus conehyliorum, vol. 1, p. 106,pi. 24, fig. 38.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) distinctus Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.We have not seen this species, and quote Sowerby's descriptionand copy his figure.
"Shell orbicular, depressed, nearly flat, thin, white, with a de-pressed spire, consisting of four volutions, not quite contiguous toeach other, rounded and spirally grooved; aperture circular, witha very thin sharp-edged peritreme."Bay of Montija, West Colombia; H. Cuming," collector.INCERTICYCLUS CONNIVENS (H. Adams)Plate 39, Figure 101866. Aperostoma connivens H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 443,pi. 38, fig. 6.1876. Cyclotus connivens Pfeiffeb, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 4, p. 35.1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) connivens Kobei.t and Moixendobff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137.1912. Neocyclotus connivens Kobelt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol.1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 906, pi. 140, fig. 10.1923. Aperostoma connivens H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan,No. 137, p. 29 (according to Baker not an Aperostoma)
.
We have seen no specimens referable to this species and thereforegive a translation of Adams' description and copy his figure
:
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, striate and unequallyUrate, white, covered with a yellowish brown periostracum. Spire
276 BTJLLETIN 181, UNITEiD STATES NATION'AIi MUSEUM
slightly elevated; apex somewhat prominent, smooth, reddish horncolored; suture channeled. Whorls 4.5, convex, the last not solute;aperture almost circular, oblique; peristome continuous, straight,subangulated above and shortly adnate.Diameter : Greater, 10 mm. ; lesser, 8.5 mm. Height, 7 mm. Di-ameter of aperture, 4.5 mm.Type locality : Peru.To this Adams adds: "This species is closely allied to A. perdis-tmctum, Gundl. ; but the suture is less deeply canaliculated, thelast whorl is not separated in front as in that species, and the raisedspiral lines on the whorls are reduced to one on the inner side withinthe umbilicus." INCERTICYCLUS CAYENNENSIS (Shuttleworth)1852. Cyclostonia (CycJophorus) cayennense Shuttleworth, Berner Mitth., 1852,p. 299 (Diagn. n. Moll., No. 3, p. 39).1854. Cj/clopJiorus cayennensis Pfeiffeb, Malak. Blatter, vol. 1, p. 86.1897. AmpJiicyclotus cnyevnensis Kobei^t and Moixbndorff, Nachrb. deutschenmalak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.We have not seen specimens referable to this species and so givea translation of Shuttleworth's description
:
Shell broadly umbilicated, conoid orbicular, solid, marked byoblique, undulating and anastomosing riblets, olivaceous horn colored.Spire shortly conoid, somewhat obtuse; whorls 4, convex, increasinggradually; the last roundly subinflated; aperture nearly vertical,subcircular; spire subangulated; peristome simple, acute, continuous,the upper margin produced and inbent, deeply incised at its inser-tion. Columella somewhat thickened. Operculum thin, corneous,closely whorled, concave externally. Greater diameter, 21 mm.;lesser, 15 mm.; height, 15 mm. Aperture height, 10.5 mm.; diam-eter, 9.5 mm.Habitat: Cayenne (Verreaux).Observations: To this Shuttleworth adds that he has seen threespecimens resembling in sculpture 6'. fOThderosuTiv Pfeiffer, texturatumSowerby, and straminemn Reeve, but the incision of the dextral mar-gins of the peristome renders it very distinct. In that respect it allieswith G. incoTnptmn Sowebry, judging from the figure and description.We are greatly puzzled about the status of this species. Thecorneous operculum would put it in the Amphicyclotinae, while thedescription of the shell suggests aperostomine affinity. We are there-fore placing it in this group of unknown relationship.INCERTICYCLUS DUFFIANUS (C. B. Adams)1845. Cyclostoma dufflanum C. B. Adams, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. 2,p. 11.1847. Aperostoma duf/ianum Pfeiffee, Zeitschr. Mai. vol. 4, p. 104.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLtTSlKS OF AMEKICA 277
1852. Cyclotus duffiarius Pfeiffee, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 1, p. 29.1857. Cyclotus (Cyclotus) dufflamis Chitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p.142.1S98. Neocyclotus (Plcctocyclotus) dufflanus Kobelt and Moixedorff, Nachrb.deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.A translation of Adams's Latin diagnosis follows
:
Shell large, discoid, reddish white; whorls 4.5, cylindrical; umbili-cus broad, profound; margin (aperture) simple. Divergence, 150?,greater diameter, 47.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 35.2 mm.; height, 22mm. This species is dedicated to Officer William Duff, well versedin Jamaican conchology.Of this species Chitty says {loc. cit.) that C. dufflanus C. B. Adams
"is not a Jamaican, but a South American species?^t^e Adams andMr. Bland, who found duplicates in South America."No huge shell like this is known from Jamaica, and there seemslittle doubt but what Chitty's statement is correct. It is possiblethat if the type were known or available this might prove to be anAperosto7mi, from Panama, related to Aperosto7n,a {Aperostoma)giganteumn (Reeve).INCERTICYCLUS BRAZILIENSIS (Gray)Plate 39, Figure 131839. Cyclostoma Irasiliense Geay, The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage,p. 147, pi. 38, fig. 32.We have not seen specimens of this species and so copy Gray'sdescription and figure:
"Shell of a rather depressed orbicular form, thin, white, opaque
;
whorls four or five, transversely striated, striae sharp and close-set;suture deep; aperture circular, peritreme thin, sharp edged; umbilicuslarge; operculum shelly, thick, double, smooth within and with avery fine spiral line outside."Found in abundance in shady places near Rio Janeiro."The figure shows a keel limitmg the edge of the umbilicus. Weknow nothing from the mainland with such a structure.INCERTICYCLUS PROMINULUS (Orbigny)Plate 39, Figures 7-91837. Cyclostoma prominula Oebigny, Voyage dans l'Am4rique M^ridi-onale . . ., vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 362.Shell very depressed-helicoid, soiled white. The nucleus consistsof about 114 inflated, strongly rounded, smooth turns, which form aconspicuous prominent apex. The postnuclear whorls are stronglyrounded with the summit falling a little below the periphery of thepreceding turn. The last whorl may be solute for about one-tenth
278 BULLETIN 181, mSTITED STIATES NATIONlAIi MUSEUM
of a turn or adiiate to the preceding whorl. The postnuclear whorlsare marked by strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which becomedecidely irregular and coarse on the last whorl. Suture very deeplyimpressed. Periphery rounded. Base openly broadly umbilicated,inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of theaxial ribs which cross the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, slightlyprotracted at the posterior angle ; peristome simple, thin, even on theinner lip, solute or attached to the preceding turn. Operculum?The specimen figured is one of two, Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiladelphiaNo. 12975, collected near Campos, Brazil, by Anthony. It has 4.5whorls and measures : Height, 8 mm. ; diameter, 13 mm.It seems possible that when adequate material has been examinedthis species may prove to be a Cyclopomo'ps.INCERTICYCLUS GAYI (Hupe)1854. Cyclostoma gayi Hup^, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zool.,vol. 8, p. 117.1858. CyclopJiorus gayi Pfeiffeb, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium,vol. 2, p. 65.1897. Amphicyclotus gayi Kobelt and Mollendorff, Nachrb. deutschen malak.Ges., vol. 29, p. 139.We have not seen this species and so give a translation of Hupe'sdescription
:
Shell small, subdiscoid, solid, ferrugineous yellow. Whorls 3, con-vex, carinated externally above. Suture profound. Aperture large,romided with the margins entire and sharp. Umbilicus open. Oper-culum corneous.To this Hupe adds : A small shell, a little discoid with 3 roundedconvex whorls, marked on the upper side by obtuse poorly developedthreads.The above Latin diagnosis is followed by an explanation inSpanish
:
Shell small, somewhat discoid, thick with 3 rounded, convex whorls.Upper surface marked by poorly developed spiral threads, the medianone of which is stronger than the rest. Spire obtuse, whorls sep-arated by a profound suture; aperture large, circular; peristometliin and sharp, thickening within the aperture. Umbilicus smalland rounded. Entire surface ferrugineous brown; aperture whitishwithin. Operculum thin, corneous. Diameter, % of a line [1.5mm.]; height, l^ line [1 mm.].This species is one of the smallest of the genus yet known. It ischaracterized by its subdiscoid form and spiral lirations, the medianspiral thread being stronger than the rest. Its ferrugineous color alsohelps to distinguish it from the other members of the genus.Habitat : Under rocks a short distance from the sea in the northernpart of Chile.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND M0I/LU9KS OF AMERTOA 279A LIST OF THE MAINLAND CYCLOPHORIDSAegejntina :Adelopoma tucma, p. 148.Bolivia:Calaperostoma orbignyi, p. 168.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) T)oUviense, p. 260.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inca, p. 267.Brazil:Aperostoma (Incidostoma) hedui, p. 191.Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi, p. 219.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fultoni, p. 242.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) amazonense, p. 243.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) Uanchetianum, p. 244.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) agassizi, p. 254.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) redfieldl, p. 261.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) currani, p. 261.Apersotoma (Aperostoma) merrilli, p. 263.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pulchellum, p. 263.Incerticyclus prominulus, p. 277.Incerticyclus hraziliensis, p. 277.Bbitish Guiana:Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum major, p. 270.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum dunoonense, p. 273.British Honduras :Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni cooker, p. 215.Chile:Incerticyclus gayi, p. 278.Colombia :Buckleyia Mfasciata, p. 153.Calaperostoma leai, p. 165.Calaperostoma hidalgoi, p. 167.Calaperostoma cumingi, p. 167.Calacyclotus olssoni, p. 178.Calacyclotus atratensis, p. 179.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pergrandis, p. 188.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) kohelti, p. 190.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) nirafe, p. 193.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) limellum, p. 197.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) peilei, p. 200.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) wetmorei, p. 203.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) smithi, p. 216.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) corpulentum, p. 217.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) sanctaemarthae, p. 218.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) 'belli belli, p. 268.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) belli haughti, p. 269.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum translucidum, p. 2G9.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) umbilicatum, p. 224.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cumingi, p. 224.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) paezense, p. 225.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) bogotense, p. 226.
280 BULLETIN ISl, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMColumbia?Continued.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) simile, p. 227.Apcrostoma (Aperostoma) cinyulatum, p. 228.Aperostoma {Aperostoma) dunlceri, p. 230.Aperostom,a (Aperostoma) pailaense, p. 231.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) paezicolum, p. 232.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) confusum, p. 237.Aperostoma (Apcrostoma) utriaense, p. 240.Aperostoma (Apcrostoma) laxatum, p. 244.Aperostoma (Apcrostoma) caucaense, p. 258.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) colombiense, p. 258.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) popayamim, p. 264.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) flloliratum, p. 267.Costa Rica :Adelopoma costaricense, p. 150.Barhacyclus princcps, p. 175.Barhacyelus underwoodi, p. 176.Barhacyclus houcardi, p. 177.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dyscmi valerioi, p. 213.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) carmioli, p. 233.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) costaricense, p. 234.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) exigumn, p. 234.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) bisinuatum, p. 235.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) irregulare, p. 236.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pittieri, p. 236.Ecuador :Buekleyia bicincta, p. 152.Buckleyia martinezi, p. 152.Lagocyclus antoni, p. 154.Layoeyclus hacmatomma, p. 155.Lagocyclus crosseanus, p. 156.Lagocyclus vasconesi, p. 156.Calapcrostoma esmeraldoisc, p. 160.Calaperostoma rosenbergi, p. 160.Culapei-ostoma guayaquilcitse, p. 161.Calapcrostoma purum, p. 162.Calaperostoma bourcieri, p. 163.Calapcrostoma itigrofasciatum, p. 164.Calaperostoma eousini, p. 166.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pichinchense, p. 191.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) hitomi, p. 194.Aperostoma (Licidostoma) stirlingi, p. 195.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotits) granulatum, p. 196.Apcrostoma (Aperostoma) manabcnsc, p. 239.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fischeri, p. 239.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ecuadorensc, p. 248.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) subcingulatum, p. 249.Apcrostoma (Apcrostoma) quitense, p. 250.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) olivaceum, p. 251.Apcrostoma (Aperostoma) salengoense, p. 253.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) masvense, p. 254.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pazi, p. 257.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) perezi, p. 259.
THE CYOLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKSi OF AMERTOA 281French Guiana:Incerticyclus cayennensis, p. 270.Guatemala :Tomocyclus gealei, p. 143.Tomocyclus guatemalensls, p. 144.Tomocyclus siphonis, p. 145.Tomocyclus constrictus, p. 145.Tomocyclus simulacrum, p. 146.Tomocyclus copanensis, p. 147.Adelopoma stolli, p. 149.Megacyclotus ponderosus, p. 182.Amphicyclotus texturatus, p. 186.Apcrostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni hinkleyi, p. 200.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni cookei, p. 215.Honduras :Amphicyclotus goldfussi, p. 184.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni dysoni, p. 204.Aperostoma {Neocyclotus) dysoni dyeri, p. 205.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni ruatanense, \i. 207.Mexico :Adelopoma stolli, p. 149.Cyrtotoma avus, p. 169.Cyrtotoma salleanum, p. 170.Cyrtotoma ignotum, p. 170.Cyrtotoma fischeri, p. 170.Cyrtotoma palmeri, p. 172.Cyrtotom,a meodcanum, p. 173.Cyrtotoma goldmani, p. 174.Cyrtotoma walkeri, p. 174.Mexcyclotus cooperi, p. 180.Mcxcyclotus lutescens, p. 181.Megacyclotus palenquensis, p. 183.Amphicyclotus l)Oucardi, p. 184.Amphicyclotus maleri, p. 185.Amphicyclotus texturatus, p. 186.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni aureum, p. 209.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguum, p. 211.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni terendti, p. 212.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sallei, p. 213.Nicaragua :Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sumichrasti, p. 209.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni nicaraguense, p. 214.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) chrysacme, p. 219.Panama :Calaperostoma pittieri, p. 164.Calacyclotus olssoni, p. 178.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) panamense, p. 197.Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni affine, p. 210.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) confusum, p. 237.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) giganteum, p. 237.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) hrujense, p. 241.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) portohellense, p. 242.
282 BULLETIN 181, UNITE? STATEiS NATTONIAiL MUSEUMPeru:Lagocyclus bartletti, p. 157.Calaperostoma chanchapoyasense, p. 162.Aperostoma {Incidostoma) pizarroi, p. 193.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) veracochanuni, p. 229.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) allantayum, p. 230.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruense, p. 245.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) leai, p. 246.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) depressum, p. 247.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruvianum, p. 252.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) balsasense, p. 265.Incerticyehts connivens, p. 275.Venezuela ;Adelopoma occidcntale, p. 52.Adelopoma hakeri, p. 149.ApGrostoma (Austrocyclotus) stramineum, p. 198.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) aulari, p. 199.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) glaucostomum, p. 199.Aperostoma, (Austrocyclottis) kugleri, p. 201.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) caj'ahohense, p. 201.Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) Ijurringtoni, p. 202.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) venezuelense, p. 247.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) castaneum, p. 252.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nevadense, p. 255.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fasciatum., p. 256.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nanum, p. 262.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cardozi, p. 266.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum b?jumense, p. 270.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense, pp. 136, 271.Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum pygmaeum, p. 272.Liracyclotus psilomitus, p. 274.Northern South Amekica:Filocyclus delphinulus, p. 158.LOCAUTT
:
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) malleatum, p. 188.Aperostoma (Incidostoma) incomptum, p. 192.Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inconspicuum, p. 227.Incerticyclus dufflanus, p. 276.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES(All figures are natural size except those on plate 8, which are enlarged fourtimes, and those on plate 40, which are enlarged ten times. The opercula onplate 42 have a magnification of three diameters.)Plate 11-3. Farcimen {Farolmen) pseudotortum turguinoense.4-6. Farcimen (Farcimen) pseudotortum hayamense.7-9. Fardmen {Farcimen) pseudotortum pseudotortum.10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula perconvexum.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula liolguinense.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula mayense.19-21. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula mayariense.22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula guantanamense.25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula semivestitum.28-30. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula ungula.Plate 21-3. Fardmen (Farcimen) wrighti hiayaense.4-6. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti najazaense.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) camagueyanum florencianum.10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti martian/wm.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula elephantinum.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula mirandum.19-21. Farcimen (Farcimen) yunquense.22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti torighti.25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) camagueyanum camagueyanum.28-30. Farcimen (Farcimen) camagueyanum mayajigucnse.Plate 31-3. Farcimen (Farcimen) Mtuberculatum giganteum.4-6. Farci/tnen (Farcimen) hituherculatum gutierrezi.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) ohesum obesum.10-12. Farcvmen (Farcimen) Mtuberculatum Mtuberculatum.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) Mtuberculatum crassum.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) Mtuberculatum minor.19-21. Fardmen (Fardmen) obesum subobesum.Plate 41-3. Fardmen (Farcimen) seminudum guitarti.4?6. Fardmen (Fardmen) alutaceum digitate.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) seminudum collare.10-12. Fardmen (Fardmen) alutaceum alutaceum.13-15. Fardmen (Fardmen) alutaceum, magnificum.16-18. Farcimen (Fardmen) seminudum leoni.19-21. Fardmen (Fardmen) seminudum magister.22-24. Fardmen (Fardmen) seminudum seminudum.25-27. Fardmen (Fardmen) seminudum poeyi. 283
284 BULLETIN 181, LTN'ITEI) STL^TES NATTOnSTiAL MUSETJMPl.\te 51-3. Farcimen (Farcimen) auriculattim aimculatum.4-6. Farcitnen (Farcimen) leonimim leonellum.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) atiriculatiim clenchi.10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) tortnm.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) rocai.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) auriculatum senectum.19-21. Farcimen (Farcimen) auriculattim bicolor.22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) tortwrn.25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) leoninum leoninum.Plate 61-3. Farcimen (Farcimen) gundlachi gtmdlachiellum.4-6. Farcimen (Farcimen) torrei.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) subventricosum subventricositm.10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) subt^entricosum balneoruni.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) ventricosum.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) wMni.19-21. Farcimen (Farcimen) subventricosum. multistriatinum.22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) gundlacJii gundlachi.25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) gundlachi anafense.Plate 71-3. Farcimen (Farcimen) guanense guanense.4-6. Farcimen (Farcimen) vinalense vinalen^c.7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) vinalense scopulorum.10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) superbum itinerarium.13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) hendersoni hendersoni.16-18. Farcimen (Farcimen) arangoi.19-21. Farcimen (Farcimen) guanense laguniliense.22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) hendersoni catalinense.25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) procer.28-30. Farcimen (Farcimen) superbum superbum.Plate 81- 3. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi gundlachi.4- 6. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi wrighti.7- 9. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi ignotum.10-12. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) perdistinctum toroense.13-15. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) perdistinctum perdistinctum.Plate 91- 3. Farcimoides domingoense.4- 6. Farcimoides orbignyi.7- 9. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum.10-12. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) antillarum.13-15. Megalomastoma (Megalomastomoides) verruculosum.16-18. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti.19. Megalomastoma. (Megalomastomoides) verruculosum.20. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti.21. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) antillarum.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 285
22. Mcgalamastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum.23-25. Farcimen (Neopupina) croceum.26-28. Farcimen {Neopiipina) hjalmersoni.2&-31. Farchnoides sallei.32-34. Farcimen (Neopttpina) curtum, type35-37. Farcimen (Neopupina) curtumPlate 101- 3. Amp>hicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) acutiliratus.4- 5. Amphicyclotulus (Amphici/clotulus) rufescens.6- 8. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) schrammi.9^11. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) dominicensis.12-14. Cyclohaitia haitia.15-17. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) mineri.18-20. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) guadeloupensis.Plate 111- 3. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) amethystinus.4r- 6. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) liratus.7- 9. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) perplexus.10-12. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclottilus) beauianus.13-15. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) vortex vortex.16-18. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) vortex elevatum.19-21. Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) portoricensis.Plate 121- 3. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) milleri.4- 6. Cyclovendreysia dubiosa.7- 9. Cyclojamaicia bondi.10-12. Cyclojamaicia suturalis.13-15. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) abbotti.16. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) ftoccosum.18-20. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) glenburniensis.21-23. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) hendeisoni.24r-26. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) rtipisfontis.27-29. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) striosa.30-32. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) tcestmorelandensis.33-35. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) jngosa.36-38. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) orcutti.Plate 131- 3. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) rufilabris.4r- 6. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) asperula.7- 9. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) caymanensis.10-12. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) caymanensis, type.13-15. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula.16-18. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula.19-21. Ptychocochlis manchesterensis.22r-24. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) laevitesta.25-27. Ptychocochlis gemma.28-30. Ptychocochlis ivelchi.428.349?42 19
286 BULLETIN ISl, UNITED STIATES NATTONIAL MUSiTUM31-33. Ptychocochlis taylori.34-36. Ptychocochlis gossei.37-39. Ptychocochlis corrugatior.40-42. Ptychocochlis varians.43-45. Cyclopilsbrya {Cyclopilsbrya) caribaea.Plate 141- 3. Ptychocochlis martensi.4- 6. Ptychocochlis adatnsi.7- 9. Ptychocochlis corrugata.10-12. Ptychocochlis shawae.13-15. Ptychocochlis zigzag.16-18. Ptychocochlis simpsoni.19-21. Ptychocochlis clappi.22-24. Ptychocochlis senex. Plate 151- 3. Ptychocochlis marianna.4- 6. Ptychocochlis lacteofluvialis.7- 9. Ptychocochlis hendersoni.10-12. Ptychocochlis minor.13-15. Ptychocochlis savatmensis.16-18. Ptychocochlis subglohosa.19-21. Ptychocochliis campeachyi campeachyi.22-24. Ptychocochlis campeachyi petricola.25-26. Ptychocochlis subrugosa.27-29. Ptychocochlis orcutti.30-32. Ptychocochlis magna.33-35. Ptychocochlis montegoensis.36-38. Ptychooochlis vendreysi. Plate 161- 3. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) welchi welchi.4- 6. Poteria (Poteria) jamaicensis.7- 9. Poteria (Poteria) lineata cycloata.10-12. Poteria (Poteria) imitator.13-15. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) novaspei.16-18. Poteria (Poteria) crassa.19-21. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) nana.22-24. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) tryoniana.25-27. Poteria (Poteria) plana.28-30. Poteria (Poteria) pallescens.31-33. Poteria (Poteria) burringtoni.34-36. Poteria (Poteria) lineata lineata.37-39. Poteria (Poteria) corrugatissima.Plate 171- 3. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) vincentinum.4- 6. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) chittyi.7- 9. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) balnearis.10-12. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) rttgatum.13-15. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) notatior.
THE CYC3L0PH0RID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMEKTCiA 28716-18. Poteria (Cyclodakeria) yallahsensis.19-21. Aperostoma {Austrocyclotus) grenadense grenadense.22-24. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) grenadense mcsiceeni.25-27. Aperostoma {Cycladamsia) ruber pretiosum.28-30. Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) bairdianum.31-33. Aperostotna (Cycladamsia) ruber ruber.34-36. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) dentistigmata.37-39. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) welchi taylori.40-42. Poteria (Cyclobakeria) magister.Plate 181- 3. Incerticyclus hakeri.4- 6. Incerticyclus pei'pallidus.7- 9. Aperostoma (Cycloliidalgoa) fra/nslucidum trinitense (Margarita Island).10-12. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense (Trinidad).13-18. Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) rudisplanusque.19-21. Incerticychis perplexus.22-24. Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) fossile.25. Incerticyclus cinereus.26-28. Aperstotna (Cycladamsia) seminudum scabratum.29-31. Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum fiumile.32-34. Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum.35-37. Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum deburghaeannm.Plate 191. Tomooyclus gealei.2. Tomocyclus constrictus.3. Tomocyclus copanensis.4. Tomocyclus guatemalensis.5. Tomocyclus siphonis.6. Tomocyclus simulacrum.7- 9. Liracyclotus psilomitus.10-12. Filocyclus delphinulus.13-15. Buvkleyia bicincta.16-18. Buckleyia bifasciata.19-21. Buckleyia martinezi. Plate 201- 3. Lagocyclus Jiacmatomma.4- 5. Lagocyclus bartletti.6- 8. Lagocyclus antoni.9-11. Lagocyclus crosseanus.12-14. Lagocyclus vasconesi.15-17. Calaperostoma rosenbergi.18. Calaperostoma esmeraldense.19. Calaperostoma guayaquilense.20-21. Calaperostoma purum. Plate 211- 3. Calaperostoma bourcieri.4- 6. Calaperostoma chanchapoyasense.7- 9. Calaperostoma pittieri.10-12. Calaperostoma hidalgoi.
288 BULLETIN 181, tTNTITEtD STATES NATIOlNrAL JMUSETJM13-15. Calaperostoma nigrofasciatum.16. Calaperostoma cousini.17-19. Calaperostoma leai.20-22. Calaperostoma cumingi. Plate 221- 3. Cyrtotoma palmeri.4- 6. Cyrtotoma mcxicanum.7- 9. Cyrtotoma goldmani.10-12. Cyrtotoma walkerl.13-15. Cyrtotoma fischeri.16-18. Cyrtotoma ignotum.19-21. Cyrtototna salleanum.22-24. Cyrtotoma avvs.
1- 3. Barbacyclus princeps.4- 6. Barbacyclus houcardi.7- 9. Barbacyclus tmderivoodi.10-12. Calacyclotus atratensis.13-15. Calacyclotus olssoni.
1- 3. Amphicyclotus texturatus.4- 6. Amphicyclotus boucardi.7- 9. Amphicyclotus maleri.10-12. Mexcyclotus cooperi.13-15. Mexcijclotus lutescens.1&-18. Megacyclotus palenquensis.19-21. Megacyclotus ponderosus.
Plate 23
Plate 24
Plate 251-3. Aperostoma {Incidostoma) pergrandis.4-6. Aperostoma {Incidostoma) malleatiim.7-9. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) kobclti.Plate 261-3. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) hedui.4r-Q. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) incomptum.7-9. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) piszaroi.10-12. Aperostoma {Incidostoma) pichinchense.Plate 271-2. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) peilei.3-5. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) pananiense.6-8. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) limellum.9-11. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) stramineum.12-14. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) aulari.15-17. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) granulatutn.18-19. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) glaucostomum.20-22. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) stirlingi.23-25. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) nirafe.26-28. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) hitomi.
ITHE CYCIiOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 289Plate 281-3. Aperostoma (Anstrocyclotus) kugleri.4-6. Aperostoma {Austrocyclotus) caraiohense.7-9. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni ruatanense.10-12. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni amliguum.13-15. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni aureum.16-18. Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) 'buiringtoni.19-21. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni hinkleyi.22-24. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni affine.25-27. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sumichrasti.28-30. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni dysoni.31-33. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni dyeri.Plate 291-8. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) corpulentum.4-6. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni berendti.7-9. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sallei.10-12. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni cookei.13-15. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) chrysacme.16-18. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni nicaraguense.19-21. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni valerioi.22-24. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) sanctaemarthae.PiateSO1-3. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum translucidum.4r-6. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum lejumense.7-9. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum dunoonense.10-12. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum santaguitense.13-15. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum major.16-18. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense.19-21. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum pygmaeum.22. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) smithi.23. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) belli belli.24-26. Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) belli haughti.27. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) smithi.Plate 311-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ^imbilicatum.4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) bogotense.7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) paezense.10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inconspicuum.13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) simile.16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) veracochanum.19-21. Aperostmna (Aperostoma) cumingi.22-24. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cingulatum.Plate 321- 3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) dunkeri.4- 6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) allantayum.7- 9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pailaense.10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) exiguum.
290 BULLETESr 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) paesicohinu16-18. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) costaricense.19-21. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) carmioli.Plate 331-3. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) confusum.4. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) irregulare.5-6. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) hisinuatum.7-9. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) giganteum,.Plate 341- 3. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) flscheri.4- 6. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) utriaense.7- 9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) portobellense.10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) manabense.13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) hrujense.Plate 351- 3. Aperostoma {Aperostoma) fultoni.4- 6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) amazonense.7- 9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) hlanchetianunu10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruense.13. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) laxatum.14-16. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) depressum.17-19. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) leai.20-22. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) venezuelense.Plate 361-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) subcingulatum.4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ecuadorense.7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) castaneum.10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) oUvaceum.13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) quitense.16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruvianum.Plate 371-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) masvense.4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) agassizi.7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fasciatum.10-11. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) caucaense.12-14. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pazi.15-17. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nevadense.18-20. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) salengoense.Plate 381-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ctirrani.4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peresi.7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) doliviense.10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) redfieldi.13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nanum.16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pulchellum.19-21. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) merrilli.22-24. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) colombiense.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAiND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 291Plate 391-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ialsasense.4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cardozi.7-9. Incerticyclus prominulus.10. Incerticyclus connivens.11. Incerticyclus distinctus.12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inca.18. Incerticyclus hrasiliensis.14^16. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) filoliratiim
.
17-19. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) popayanum, type.20-22. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) popayanum.Plate 401. Adelopoma tucma.2-3. Adelopoma stolli.4. Adelopom,a costaricense.5. Adelopoma bakeri.6. Adelopoma occidentale.7-9. Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi.Plate 411-3. Lagocyclus liaematomma.4-6. Incerticyclus howdenensis.7-9. Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) casuelense.10-12. Incerticyclus schermoi.13-15. Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) wetmorei.Plate 42Opercula1- 3. Poteria (Cyclohakeria) dentistigmata.4- 5. Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum.6- 7. Cyclopilshrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula.8-10. Ptychocochlis martensi.11-13. Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilslrya) jugosa.14-15. Poteria (Poteria) lineata lineata.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 1
CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS of AMERICA.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 233.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 2f
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29CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS of AMERICA.FOR EXPLANAT ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283.
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CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 4
10 13
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Cyclophorid mollusks of America.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 233,
U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 5
CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 6
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26Cyclophorid Mollusks of America.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 7
Cyclophorid Mollusks of America.FOR EXPLANAT.ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284.
U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE
CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2E4.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 9
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 10
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 25
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 26
CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA.FOR EXPLANAT:0N of plate see page 238.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 27
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 32
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CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 289. 290.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 33
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 34
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U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 40
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INDEX
(Principal references are given in boldface type.)
abbotti, Crocidopoma, 62, 67, 285.acutiliratus, Amphicyclotulus, 54. 56,285.Cyclophorus, 56, 141.adamsi, Ptychocochlis, 83, 94, 95, 286.Adelopoma, 51, 148.bakeri, 148, 149, 282, 291.costaricense, 52, 150, 280, 291.occidentale, 52, 148, 149, 150, 151,282, 291.stoUi, 149, 281, 291.tucma, 148, 279, 291.affine, Aperostoma 204, 210, 281, 289.affinis, Cyclotus, 210.Neocyclotus, 210.Poteria, 210.agassizi, Aperostoma, 223, 254, 256, 279,290.allantayum, Aperostoma, 221, 230, 282,289.alutaceum, Cyclostoma, 22.Farcimen, 4, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 283.amazonense, Aperostoma, 222, 243, 279,290.ambiguum, Aperostoma, 203, 205, 211,281, 289.ambiguus, Cyclotus, 211.Neocyclotus, 211.Poteria, 211.amethystinus, Amphicyclotulus, 60, 285.Cyclotus, 60.Amphicyclotinae, 43, 52, 142, 151.Amphicyclotulus, 52, 54, 57, 60, 62.acutiliratus, 54, 56, 285.amethystinus, 60, 285.beauianus, 60, 61, 285.dominicensis, 54, 57, 285.guadeloupensis, 54, 55, 58, 60, 285.liratiis, 54, 58, 60, 285.mineri, 54, 55, 58, 60, 285.perplexus, 54, 59, 285.portoricensis, 54. 59, 285.rufescens, 54, 56, 57, 285.Schramm!, 54, 57, 58, 285.Amphicyclotus, 151, 183.boucardi, 183, 184, 281, 288.bourcieri, 163.cayennensis, 276.chanchopoyasensi.s, 162.cooperi, 180.cousini, 166.crosseanus, 156.cumingii, 167.delphinulus, 158.428349?42- -20
Amphicyclotus esmeraldensis, 160.gayi, 278.goldfussi, 184, 281.guayaquilensis, 161.haematomma, 155.hidalgoi, 167.lutescens, 181.maleri, 184, 185, 220, 281, 288.nigrofasciatus, 164.olssoni, 178.orbignyi, 168.ponderosus, 182.psilomitus, 274.rosenbergi, 160.texturatus, 184, 186, 281, 288.underwoodi, 176.vesconesi, 156.anafense, Farcimen, 27, 28, 284.angasianum, Aperostoma, 177.angulatus, Cyclotus, 228.antillarum, Cyclostoma, 49.Megalomastoma, 49, 50, 284.antoni, Lagocyclus, 154, 156, 280, 287.antonii, Cyclophorus, 1.54.Aperostoma. 62. 124, 186, 187, 221, 277.affine, 204, 210, 281, 289.agassizi, 223, 254, 256, 279, 290.allantayum, 221, 230, 282, 289.amazonense, 222, 243, 279, 290.ambiguum, 203, 205, 211, 281, 289.angasianum, 177.aulari, 195, 196, 199, 200, 282, 288.aureum, 204, 208, 209, 281, 289.bairdianum, 125, 126, 127 287.balsasense, 223, 265, 266, 282, 291.bartletti, 157.bejumense, 268, 269, 270, 272, 282,289.belli, 268, 269, 279, 289.berendti, 205, 211, 212, 281, 289.bisinuatum, 222, 235, 280, 290.blanchetianum, 187, 221, 222, 244,246 247 279 290.bogotense,'221,'226,'227, 279, 289.boliviense, 223, 260, 261, 279, 290.brujense, 222, 241, 281, 290.burringtoni, 196, 202, 282, 289.carabobense, 196, 201, 282, 289.cardozi, 221, 223, 266, 282, 291.carmioli, 221, 233, 234, 280, 290.castaneum, 222, 251, 252, 282, 290.caucaense, 223, 258, 259, 280, 290.chrysacme, 203, 219, 281, 289.cingulatum, 221, 228, 229, 280, 289.293
294 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMAperostoma colombiense, 223, 258, 280,290.confusum, 221, 222, 237, 280, 281,290.connivens, 275.cookei, 205. 215, 279, 281, '289.cooiieri, 180.corpiilentum, 203, 217, 218, 279, 289.corrugatum, 105.costaricense, 221, 234, 2S0, 290.cumingi, 221, 224, 279, 289.ciimingii, 167.cnrrani, 223, 261, 279, 290.deburghaeannm, 129, 130, 287.depressum, 222, 247, 282, 290.duflianum, 276.dunkeri, 221, 230, 233, 280, 289.dunoonense, 269, 273, 279, 289.dyeri, 204, 205, 281, 289.dysoni, 203, 204, 207, 209, 217, 281,289.ecuadorense, 222, 248, 250, 251, 280,290.exiguum, 221, 234, 280, 289.fasciatum, 223, 256, 257, 282, 290.filoliratum, 221, 267, 280, 291.fischeri, 222. 239, 280, 290.fossile, 125, 131, 287.fultoni, 222, 242, 279, 290.gigantenm, 221, 222, 237, 238, 239,277 2S1 290.glaucostomum,'l96, 199, 282, 288.goldfussi, 164.granulatum, 196, 280, 288.grenadense, 133, 134, 135, 287.haughti, 268, 269, 279, 289.hedui, 187, 191, 279, 288.hinklevi, 203, 204, 206, 207, 281, 289.liitomi, 187, 194, 280, 288.humile. 129, 2S7.inca, 221, 267, 279, 291.incomptum 187, 192, 282, 288.inconspicuum, 221, 227, 282, 289.irregulare, 222, 236, 280, 290.jamaicense. 105.kobelti, 187, 190, 279, 288.kugleri, 190, 201, 282, 289.lacteottuviale, 98.laxatum, 222, 244, 280, 290.leai, 221, 222, 246, 282, 290.limellum, 196, 197, 199, 201, 279,288.lutescens, 181.major, 269, 270, 279, 289.malleatum, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,282, 288.uianabense, 222, 239, 280, 290.masvense, 223, 254, 280, 290.mcsweeui, 132, 134, 135, 287.merrilli, 223, 262, 263, 264, 279, 290.mexicanum, 173.montezumi, 151, 152.moricandi, 219, 279, 291.uanum, 223, 262, 263, 282, 290.nevadense, 233, 255, 282, 290.nicaraguense, 205, 214, 216, 281,289.
Aperostoma nirafe, 187, 193, 195, 279,288olivaceum, 222, 251, 252, 280, 290.paezense, 221, 225, 279, 289.paezicolum, 221. 232, 280, 290.pailatnse, 221, 231, 280, 289.palenquense, 183.panamensp. 196, 197, 281, 288.pazi, 217, 223, 257, 280, 290.peilei, 196, 200, 279, 288.perdistinctum, 276.perezi, 223, 259, 280, 290.pergrandis, 187, 188, 190, 279, 288.ppruense, 222, 245, 247, 282, 290.peruvianum, 223, 252, 282, 290.pichinchense, 187, 191, 280, 288.pittieri, 222. 236, 280.pizarroi, 187, 193, 194, 195, 282, 288.popayanum, 223, 264, 266, 280, 291.portobellen.se, 222, 242, 281, 290.pretiosum, 12G, 127, 287.princeps, 175.piilchellum, 223, 263, 279, 290.pygmaeum, 269, 272, 282, 289.qui tense, 222, 250, 280, 290.redfieldi, 223, 261, 279, 290.ruatauense, 204, 207, 281, 289.ruber, 125, 126, 127, 128, 287.rudisplanusque, 125, 131, 287.rugatum, 133, 286.salengoense, 223, 253, 280, 290.salleanum, 170.sallei, 205, 213, 281, 289.sanctaemarthae, 203, 217, 218, 279,289.santaguiteuse, 289.scabratum, 125, 129, 287.seminudum, 109, 125, 128, 129, 130,131, 287, 291.simile, 221, 227, 280, 289.smithi, 203, 204, 216, 217, 279, 289.stirlingi, 187, 195, 280, 288.stramineum, 132, 195, 196, 198, 282,288.subcingulatum, 222, 249, 251, 280,290.sumichrasti, 204, 209, 211, 281, 289.translucidum, 136, 179, 268, 269,272 279 289.tri Hi tense,' l36, 268, 269, 271, 282,287, 289.tryonianum, 116.nmbilicatum, 221, 224, 225, 226, 279,2S9.utriaense, 222, 240, 241, 280, 290.valerioi, 205, 213, 215, 280, 289.venzuelense, 222, 247 248, 282, 290.veracochanum, 221, 229, 282, 289.vincentinum, 133, 286.walkeri, 174.wetmorei, 203, 279, 291.Aperostominae, 3, 38, 43, 62, 142, 186.apertum. Cyclostonia, 26.Farcimen 5, 26.Megalomastoma, 26, 27.arangoi, Farcimen, 36, 284.asperula, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 78, 285.
INIDEX 295
asperulum, Cyclostoma, 78.asperulus, Cyclotus, 78.Neocyclotus, 78.atratensis. Calacyclotus 178, 179, 279,288.aulari, Aperostoma, 195, 196, 199, 200,282, 288.Poteria, 199.aureum, Aperostonm, 204, 208, 209, 281,289.auriculatiim, Cvtlostoma, 16, 25.Fai-cimen, 24, 25, 26, 284.Austrocyclotus, 124, 132, 187, 195. 197,202.aulari, 199.bnrringtoni, 202.carabobense, 201.glaucostomiini, 199.granulatum, 196.grenadense, 134.kugleri, 201.limellum, 197.mcsweeni, 135.panamense, 197.peilei, 20O.rugatnm, 1.33.stramineuru, 198.vincentinum, 133.avus, Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281. 288.bairdianum, Aperostoma, 125, 126, 127,287.bairdianus. Cyclotus, 127.l)akeri, Adelopoma, 148, 149, 282, 291.Incerticyclus, 137, 138, 139, 287.Neocyclotus, 137.balnearis, Poteria, 116, 123, 286.balneorum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284.balsasense, Aperostoma, 223, 265, 266,282, 291.Barbacyclus, 151, 175.boueardi, 175, 177,280,288.princeps, 175, 280, 288.underwoodi, 175, 176, 178, 280, 288.bartletti, Aperostoma, 157.Cyclotus, 157.Lagocyclus, 154, 157, 282, 287.Neocyclotus, 157.Poteria, 157.bayamense, Farcimen, 5, 6, 283.beauiana, Cyclostoma, 60, 61.beauianus, Amphicyclotulus, 60, 61, 285.bejuraense, Aperostoma 268, 269, 270,272, 282, 289.bejumensis, Poteria 270.belli, Aperostoma 268, 269, 279, 289.Neocyclotus, 201, 268.berendti, Asperostoma. 205. 211, 212,281, 289.Cyclotus. 212.Neocyclotus, 212.Poteria. 212.beswicki, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 79.Cyclotus, 79.Neocyclotus, 79.biayaense, Farcimen, 12, 13, 14, 283.bicincta, Buckleyia, 151, 152, 280, 287.
bicolor, Cyclostoma, 25.Farcimen, 24, 25, 284.bifa.sciata, Buckleya, 153.Buckleyia, 151, 153, 279, 287.Cyclopborus, 153.bisinuatum, Aperostoma, 222, 235, 280,290.bisinuatus, Cyclotus, 235.Neocyclotus, 235.bituberculatum, Cyclostoma, 15.Farcimen, 13, 14, 15, 16, 283.blanchetianura, Aperostoma, 187, 221,222, 244, 246, 247, 279, 290.Cyclostoma, 124, 2-14, 267.Poteria, 245.bogotense, Aperostoma, 221, 226, 227,279, 289.Cyclostoma, 226.bogotensis, Cyclotus, 228.Neocyclotus, 226.Poteria, 226.boliviense, Aperostoma, 223, 260, 261,279, 290.bondi, Cyclojamaicia, 68, 69, 70. 2S5.Poteria, 68.boueardi, Amphicyclotus, 183, 184, 281,288.Barbacyclus, 175, 177, 280, 288.Cyclopborus, 184.Cyclostoma, 184.Cyclotus, 175, 177.Neocyclotus, 177.bourcieri, Amphicyclotus, 163.Calaperostoma, 1.59, 163, 164, 280,287.Cyclopborus, 163.Cyclostoma, 163.bowdenensis, Incerticyclus, 138, 139,291.brasiliense, Cyclostoma, 277.braziliensis, Incerticyclus, 277, 279, 291.brujense, Aperostoma, 222, 241, 281, 290.brunnea, Me^'alomastoma, 48, 49.brunneum, Megalomastoma, 48, 49, 284,285.Buckleya, 151.bifasciata, 153.martinezi, 152.Fiuckleyia, 151.bicincta, 151, 152, 280, 237.bifasciata, 151, 153, 279, 287.martinezi, 151, 152, 154, 280, 287.burringtoni, Aperostoma, 196, 202, 282,289Poteria, 107, 286.Calacyclotus, 151, 178.atratensis, 178, 179, 279, 288.olssoni, 178, 179, 279, 281, 288.Calaperostoma, 151, 159.bourcieri, 159, 163, 164, 280, 287.chanchapoyasense, 159, 162, 164,282 287cousini, 159, 166, 167, 280, 288.cumingi, 159, 167, 169, 279, 288.esmeraldense, 1.59, 160, 161, 280, 287.guayaquilense, 159, 161, 280, 287.hidalgoi, 159, 166, 167, 279, 287.
296 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCalaperostoma leai, 159, 165, 279, 288.nigrofasciatum, 159, 164, 166, 280,288.orbignyi, 159, 168, 279.pittieri, 159, 164, 281, 287.purum, 159, 162, 280, 287.rosenbergi, 159, 160, 280, 287.camagueyanum, Farcimen, 10, 11, 283.campeachvi, Poteria, 104.Ptychocochlis, 84, 103, 104, 286.carabobense, Aperostoma, 196, 201, 282,289.cardozi, Aperostoma, 221, 223, 266, 282,291.Poteria, 266.caribaea, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 77, 286.Poteria, 77.carmioli, Aperostoma, 221, 233, 234, 280,290.castaneum, Aperostoma, 222, 251, 252,282, 290.casuelense, Crocidoponia, 62, 65, 291.catalinense, Farcimen, 36, 284.caucaense, Aperostoma, 223, 258, 259,280, 290.caucaensis, Neocyclotus, 258.Poteria, 258.cayennense, Cyclostoma, 276.cayennensis, Amphicyclotus, 276.Cyclophorus, 276.Incerticyclus, 276, 281.caymanensis, Cyclopilsbrya, 80, 285.Poteria, 80.Cerion truncatum, 45.chanchapoyasense, Calaperostoma, 159,162, 164, 282, 287.chanchapoyasensis, Amphicyclotus, 162.chittyi, Poteria, 116, 121, 286.cbrysacme. Aperostoma, 203, 219, 281,289.Neocyclotus, 219.cinereus, Cyclophorus, 141.Incerticyclus, 141, 287.cingulatum, Aperostoma 221, 228, 229,280, 289.Cyclostoma, 228.Poteria, 228.cingulatus, Cyclotus, 228.Neocyclotus, 228, 253.clappi, Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 91, 286.clenchi, Farcimen, 24, 25, 284.collare, Farcimen, 17, 18, 19, 283.colombiense, Aperostoma, 223, 258, 280,290.colombiensis, Neocyclotus, 258.Poteria, 258.complanatum, Megalomastoma, 38.confusuni, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 237,280, 281, 290.Poteria, 237.connivens, Aperostoma, 275.Cyclotus, 275.Incerticyclus, 275, 282, 291.Neocyclotus, 275.constrictus, Tomocyclus, 143, 145, 281,287.
cookei, Aperostoma 205, 215, 279, 281,289.cooperi, Amphicyclotus, 180.Aperostoma, 180.Cyclotus, 180.Cyrtotoma, 180.Mexcyclotus, 180, 181, 281, 288.copanense, Cyclostoma, 147.copanensis, Tomocyclus, 143, 147, 281,287.corpulentum, Aperostoma, 203, 217, 218,279, 289.corpulentus, Cyclotus, 217.Neocyclotus, 217.Poteria, 217.corrugata, Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 93, 95,286.corrugatior, Cyclotus, 84.Neocyclotus, 84.Ptychocochlis, 83, 84, 85, 86, 286.corrugatissima, Poteria, 107 110, 112,114, 286.corrugatissimus, Cyclotus, 110.Neocyclotus, 110.corrugatum, Aperostoma, 105.Cyclostoma, 77, 82, 93, 105, 106,119.corrugatus, Cyclotus, 115, 119.costaricense, Adelopoma, 52, 150, 280,291.Aperostoma, 221, 234, 280. 290.costaricensis, Cyclotus, 234.cousini. Amphicyclotus, 166.Calaperostoma 159, 166, 167, 280,288.Cyclophorus, 166.crassa, Poteria, 107, 113, 286.crassum, Cyclostoma, 113.Farcimen, 15, 16, 283.crassus, Cyclotus, 113, 115.Neocyclotus, 113.crocea, Cyclostoma, 45.Helix, 44, 45.croceum, Farcimen, 44, 45, 46, 285.Crocidopoma, 39, 53, 62.abbotti, 62, 67, 285.casuelense, 62, 65, 291.elevatum, 62, 63, 64, 285.floccosum, 39, 62, 64, 65, 285.gundlachl, 39, 41, 42, 284.ignotum, 41, 42, 284.milleri, 62, 66, 285.orcutti, 62, 66, 2S5.perdistinctum, 39, 40, 284.toroense, 40, 284.vortex, 62, 63, 65, 285.wrighti, 41, 42, 284.crosseanus. Amphicyclotus, 156.Cyclophorus, 156.Lagocyclus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287.cumingi, Aperostoma, 221, 224, 279, 289.Calaperostoma, 159, 167, 169, 279,288.Cyclophorus, 158.cumingii, Amphicyclotus, 167.Aperostoma, 167.Cyclophorus, 167.currani, Aperostoma, 223, 261, 279, 290.
IflSriDEX 297
curtum, Farcimen, 3, 44, 46, 285.Megalomastoma, 44.Cycladamsia, 124, 125.bairdianum, 127.deburghaeanum, 130.fossile, 131.humlle, 129.pretiosum, 127.ruber, 126.rudisplanusque, 131.scabratum, 129.seminudum, 130.cycloata, Poteria, 109, 110, 286.cycloatus, Cyclotus, 110.Neocyclotiis, 110.Cyclobakeria, 106, 115balnearis, 123.chittyi, 121.dentistigmata, 120.magister, 119.nana, 120.notatior, 122.novaespei, 117.taylori, 119.tryoniana, 116.welchi, 118.yallahsensis, 123.Cycloblandia, 54, 60.amethystinus, 60.beauianus, 61.Cyclocaymania, 71, 79.caymanensis, 80.fonticula, 81.laevitesta, 82.Cyclocubana, 39.gundlachi, 42.ignotum, 42.perdistinctum, 39.toroense, 40.wrighti, 42.Cyclohaitia, 52, 53.haitia, 53, 285.Cyclohidalgoa, 124, 136, 187, 268.bejumense, 270.belli, 268.dunoonense, 273.haughti, 269.major, 270.pygmaeum, 272.translucidum, 272.trinitense, 136, 271.Cyclojamaicia, 62, 67.bondl, 68, 69, 70, 285.suturalis, 68, 69, 70, 285.Cyclophoridae, 3, 43, 137, 142.Cyclophoriis, 124.acutiliratus, 56, 141.antonii, 154.bifasciata, 153.boucardi, 184.bourcieri, 163.cayennensis, 276.cinereus, 141.cousini, 166.crosseanus, 156.cumingi, 158.cumingii, 167.
Cyclophorus delphinulus, 158.disjunctus, 219.dysoni, 207.esmeraldensis, 160.gayi, 278.goldfussi, 184.guayaquilensis, 161.haematomma, 155.hidalgoi, 167.liratus, 58, 141.lutescens, 180, 181.maleri, 185.martinezl, 152.mexicanus, 173.nigrofasciatus, 164.orbignyi, 168.ponderosus, 182.psilomitus, 274.rosenbergi, 160.salleanus, 170.texturatus, 186.underwoodi, 176.vasconesi, 156.vesconesi, 156, 160.volvulus, 124.Cyclopilsbrya, 62, 71.asperula, 71, 78, 285.beswicki, 71, 79.caribaea, 71, 77, 286.caymanensis, 80, 285.fonticula, 80, 81, 285, 291.glenburniensis, 71, 73, 75, 285.hendersoni, 71, 72, 285.jugosa, 71, 76, 285, 291.laevitesta, 80, 82, 285.rufilabris, 71, 78, 79, 285.rupisfontis, 71, 74, 285.striosa, 71, 75, 76, 285.westmorelandensis, 71, 72, 295.Cyclopoma, 219.disjunctum, 219.Cyclopomops, 187, 219, 278.moricandi, 219.Cyclostoma, 41.alutaceum^ 22.antillarum, 49.apertum, 26.asperulum, 78.auriculatum, 16, 25.beauiana, 60, 61.bicolor, 25.bituberculatum, 15.blanchetianum, 124, 244, 267.bogotense, 226.boucardi, 184.bourcieri, 163.brasiliense, 277.cayennense, 276.cingulatum, 228.copanense, 147.corrugatum, 77, 82, 93, 105, 106,119.crassum, 113.crocea, 45.cumingii, 167.
298 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMGyclostoma disjunctum, 219.distinctiim, 275.dubiosum, 70.duffianum, 276.dysoni, 203, 207.flavidum, 45.flavula, 45.floccosura, 39, 62, 64.gayi, 278.giganteum, 124, 237, 238.glaucostomum, 199.grenadense, 134.guatemalense, 144.guayaquilense, 161.idolum, 25.inca, 267.incomptum, 191, 192, 276.inconspicuum, 227.inornata, 61.irregulare, 236.jamaicense, 105, 106, 109, 112.jugosuiii, 71, 76.laxiitura, 244.lutescens, 181.mani, 30.martinicense, 140.inexicanura, 124, 173.moricandi, 220.orbignyi, 46, 47.pallescens. 111.perpallidum, 139.ponderosiim. 182, 276.popayana, 264.prondnula, 277.psilomitum, 274.punim, 162.quitense, 250.rufescens, 56.sclirammi, 57.seminudum, 125, 126, 130.simulacrum, 146.solenatum, 25.stramineum, 198, 276.striata, 165.striatum, 165.subrugosum, 105.suturale, 68, 69.texturatum, 186, 276.tortum, 4, 26, 38.translucidum, 272.variaus, 86, 92, 93, 127, 128.ventricosa, 30.verruculosum, 51.volvulus, 124.vortex, 63.Cyclotus, 41.affinis, 210.ambiguus, 211.amethystinus, 60.angulatus, 228.asperulus, 78.bairdianus, 127.bartletti, 157.berendti, 212.
Cyclotus beswicki, 79.bisinnatus, 235.bogotensis, 226.boucardi, 175, 177.cingulatus, 228.connivens, 275.cooperi, 180.corpulentus, 217.corrugatior, 84.corrugatissimus, 110.corrugatus, 115, 119.costaricensis, 234.crassus, 113, 115.cycloatus, 110.deburghaeanus, 130.dentistigmatus, 120.duffianus, 277.dunkeri, 230.dysoni, 208.filo-llratus, 267.fischeri, 239.floccosus, 64.gemma, 87.giganteus, 238.glaiicostoma, 200.glaucostomus, 199.gramilatus, 196.inca, 244, 267.incomptus, 189, 191.inutilis, 107, 115.irregularis, 236.jamaicense, 123.jamaiceusis, 115.jugosus, 76.quitensis, 250.laxatus, 244.lineatus, 105, 109.magna, 101.mexicanus, 173.minor, 100, 213.multilineatus, 212.nodosus, 107, 114.notatior, 122, 123.notatus, 107, 114.novae-spei, 115, 117.novussaltui^, 112.pallescens. 111.parva, 76, 77.pazi, 257.perdistinctus, 39, 40.perezi, 259.perpallidus, 139.pittieri, 236.popayanus, 264.portlandensis, 93, 94.portoricensis, 59.pretiosus, 127.ruber, 126.rudis-planusque, 131.rufilabris, 78.rugatus, 133.rupisfontis, 74.stramineus, 198.striosus, 75.
INDEX 299Cyclotus subrugosus, 105.translucidus, 271, 272.trinitensis, 136, 271.varians, 86.vortex, 63.westmorelandensis, 72.zigzag, 90.Cyclovendreysia, 62, 69.dubiosa, 70, 285.cyliudraceum, Megaloma-stoma, 45.Oylindropalaina, 148.Cyrtotoma, 151, 169.avus, 169, 170, 281, 288.cooperi, 180.fischeri, 169, 170, 281, 288.goldmani, 169, 173, 174, 281, 28S.ignotiim, 169, 170, 281, 288.mexicanum. 169, 173, 174, 281, 288.palmeri, 169, 172, 281, 288.salleanum, 169, 170, 281, 288.walkeri, 169, 174, 281, 288.deburghaeanum, Aperostoma. 129. 130,287.deburghaeanus, Cyclotus, 130.delphinulus, Ampbicyclotus, 158.Cyclophorus, 158.Fllocyclus, 158, 282, 287.dentistigmata, Poteria, 116, 120, 287,291.dentistigmatus, Cyclotus, 120.Neocyclotus, 120.depressum, Aperostoma, 222, 247, 282,290.depressus, Neocyclotus, 247.Poteria, 247.digitale, Farcimen, 22, 23, 283.Megalomastonia, 23.Diplommatina oceidentale, 52.occidentalis, 52stolli, 149.Diploinmatininae, 43, .^il, 142. 148.disjuuctiim, Cyclopoma, 219.Cyclostoma, 219.disjunctus, Cyclophorus, 219.distinctum, Cyclostoma, 275.distinctus, Incertlcyclus, 275, 291.Neocyclotus, 275.domingoen.se, Farcimoides, 46, 47, 284.dominicensis, Amphicyolotulus, 54, 57,285.dubiosa, Cyclovendreysia, 70, 285.dubiosum, Cyclostoma, 70.dufBanum, Aperostoma, 276.Cyclostoma, 276.duffianus, Cyclotus, 277.Incerticyclus, 276, 282.Neocyclotus, 277.dunkeri, Aperostoma, 221, 230, 233, 280,289.Cyclotus, 2:30.Neocyclotus, 230.Poteria, 230, 256.dunoonense, Aperostoma, 269, 273, 279.289.dyeri, Aperstoma, 204, 205, 281, 289.
dysoui, AiKJrstoma, 203, 204, 207, 209,217, 281, 289.Cyclophorus, 207.Cyclostoma, 203, 207.Cyclotus, 208.Neocyclotus, 208, 209.Platystoma, 208.Poteria, 208.ecuadorense, Aperostoma, 222, 248, 250,251, 280, 290.elephantinum, Farcimen, 7, 9, 283.elevatum, Crocidopoma, 62, 63, 64, 285.esmeraldense, Calaperostoma, 159, 160,161, 280, 287.esmeraldensis, Ampbicyclotus, 160.Cyclophorus, 160.Eupalaina, 148.exiguum, Aperostoma, 221, 234, 280, 289.Farcimen, 1, 3, 4, 5, 34, 43, 45, 46.alutaceura, 4, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 283.anafense, 27, 28, 284.apertum, 5, 26.arangoi, 36, 284.auriculatum, 24, 25, 26, 284.balneorum. 31, 32, 284.bayameuse, 5, 6, 283.biayaense, 12. 13, 14, 283.bicolor, 24, 25, 284.bituberculatum, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2^.camagueyanum, 10, 11, 283.catalinense, 36, 284.clenchi, 24, 25, 284.collare, 17, 18, 19, 283.crassum, 15, 16, 283.croceum, 44. 45, 46, 285.curtum, 3, 44, 46, 285.digitale, 22, 23, 283.elephantinum, 7, 9, 28:3.flavulum, 45.florencianum, 11 , 12, 283.giganteuin, 15, 16, 28:3.guauense, 37, 284.guantanamense. 7, 10, 283.guitarti, 17. 19, 283.gundlachi, 27, 28, 284.gundlachiellum, 27, 28, 284.gutierrezi, 15. 16, 17, 283.hendersoni, 35, 36, 284.hjalmersoni, 44, 45, 285.holguinense, 7, 8, 283.itinerarium, 35, 284.lagunillense. 37, 38, 284.leonellum, 29, 284.leoni, 17, 19, 283.leoninum, 29, 284.magistor. 17, 19, 283.magnificum, 22, 283.mani, 30, 284.martianum, 13, 14, 283.mayajiguense, 11, 12, 283.mayariense, 7, 8, 10, 283.mayense, 7, 10, 283.minor, 15, 16, 283.mirandum, 7, 9, 283.multistriatimim, 31, 32.
300 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMParcimen najazaense, 13, 14, 283.obesum, 20, 21, 283.perconvexum, 7, 8, 283.poeyi, 17, 18, 19, 283.procer, 38, 284.pseudotortum, 5, 6, 7, 26, 283.rocai, 23 284.scopulorum, 4, 33, 284.seminudum, 17, 19, 283.semivestitum, 7, 8, 283.senectuni, 24, 284.subobesum, 20, 21, 283.subventricosum, 31, 32, 284.superbum, 34, 35, 284.torrei, 20, 284.tortum, 4, 5, 26, 284.turquinoense, 5, 6, 283.ungula, 5, 7, 9, 10, 283.ventricosum, 30, 32, 284.vinalense, 32, 33, 284.wrighti, 12, 13, 283.yunquense, 6, 283.Fareimoides, 3, 43, 46.domingoense, 46, 47, 284.orbignyi, 46, 47, 284.sallei, 46, 285.fasciata, Neocyclotus. 227, 256.Poterla, 256.fasciatum, Aperostoma, 223, 256, 257,282, 200.Filocyclus, 151, 157.delphinulus, 158, 282, 287.filoliratum, Aperostoma, 221, 267, 280,291.filo-liratus, Cyclotus, 267.Poteria, 267.fischeri, Apero.stoma, 222, 239, 280, 290.Cyclotus, 239.Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288.Poteria, 239.fischerianus, Neocyclotus, 258.flavidum, Cyclostoma, 45.flavidus. Turbo, 45.flavula, Cyclostoma, 45.Megalomastoma, 44, 45.flavulum, Farcimen, 45.floccosum, Crocidopoma, 39, 62, 64, 65,282.Cyclostoma, 39, 62, 64.floccosus, Cyclotus, 64.florencianum, Farcimen, 11. 12, 283.fonticula, Cyclopilsbrya, 8f), 81, 285, 291.fonticulus, Neocyclotus, 81.fossile, Aperostoma, 125, 131, 287.fultoni, Aperostoma, 222, 242, 279, 290.gayi, Amphicyclotus. 278.Cyclophorus, 278.Cyclostoma. 278.Incerticyclus, 278, 279.gealei, Megalomastoma, 143.Tomocyclus, 142, 143, 147, 281, 287.gemma, Cyclotus, 87.Neocyclotus, 87.Ptychocochlis, 83, 87, 285.
gigantea, Poteria, 238.giganteum, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 237,238, 239, 277, 281, 290.Cyclostoma, 124, 237, 238.Farcimen, 15, 16, 283.giganteus, Cyclotus, 238.Neocyclotus, 238, 239.glabra. Helix, 45.glaucostoma, C.vclotus, 200.Poteria, 200.glaucostomum, Aperostoma, 196, 199,282, 288.Cyclostoma, 199.glaucostomns, Cyclotus, 199.Neocyclotus, 200.glenburniensis, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 73, 75.285.goldfussi, Amphicyclotus, 184, 281.Aperostoma, 184.Cyclophorus, 184.goldmani, Cyrtotoma, 169, 173, 174, 281,288.gossei, Ptychocochlis, 83, 85, 286.gracilius, Megalomastoma, 147, 148.granulatum, Aperostoma, 196, 280, 288.granulatus, Cyclotus, 196.Neocyclotus, 196.Poteria, 196.grenadense, Aperostoma, 133, 134, 135,287.Cyclostoma, 134.guadeloupensis, Ajuphicyclotulus, 54, 55,58, 60, 285.guanense, Farcimen, 37, 284.guautanamense, Farcimen, 7, 10, 283.guatemalense, Cyclostoma, 144.Megalomastoma, 144.guatemalensis, Tomocyclus, 143, 144,281, 287.giiayaquilense, Calaperostoma, 159, 161,280, 287.Cyclostoma, 161.guayaquilensis, Ajnphi cyclotus, 161.Cyclophorus, 161.guitarti, Farcimen, 17, 19, 2&3.gundlachi, Crocidopoma, 39. 41, 42, 284.Farcimen, 27, 28, 284.Megalomastoma, 28.gundlachiellum, Farcimen, 27, 28, 284.gutierrezl, Farcimen, 15, 16, 17, 283.Habropoma lutescens, 181.mexicanum, 171, 173.salleanum, 170.haematomma, Amphicyclotus, 155.Cyclophorus, 155.Lagocyclus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287.291.haitia, Cyclohaitia, 53, 285.haughti, Aperostoma, 268, 269, 270, 289.hedui, Aperostoma, 187, 191, 279, 288.Helix erocea, 44, 45.glabra, 45.hendersoni, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 72, 285.Farcimen, 35, 36, 284.Ptychocochlis, 83, 96, 286.
INOEX 301hidalgoi, Amphicyclotus, 167.Calaperostoma, 159, 166, 167, 279,287.Cyclophorus, 167.hinkleyi, Aperostoma, 203, 204, 206, 207,281, 289.hitomi, Aperostoma, 187, 194, 280, 288.hjalmersoni, Farcimen. 44, 45, 285.Megalomastoma, 45.bolguinense, Farcimen, 7, 8, 283.humile, Aperostoma, 129, 287.idolum, Cyclostoma, 25.Ignotum, Crocidopoma, 41, 42, 284.Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288.Imitator, Poteria, 107, 108, 286.Inca, Aperostoma, 221, 267, 279, 291.Cyclostoma, 267.Cyclotus, 244, 267.Neocyclotus, 245, 267.Poteria, 267.Incerticyclus, 137, 275.bakeri, 137 138, 139, 287.bowdenensis, 138, 139, 291.braziliensis, 277, 279, 291.cayennensis, 276, 281.cinereus, 141, 287.connivens, 275, 282, 291.distinctus, 275, 291.duffianus, 276, 282.gayi, 278, 279.martinicensis, 140.perpallidns, 139, 287.perplexus, 140, 287.prominulus, 277, 279, 291.schermoi, 138, 291.Ineidostoma, 187.hedui, 191.hitomi, 194.incomptum, 192.kobelti, 190.malleatum, 188.nirafe, 193.pergrandis, 188.pichinchense, 191.pizarroi, 193.stirlingi, 195.incomptum, Aperostoma, 187, 192, 282,288Cyclostoma, 191, 192, 276.incomptus, Cyclotus, 191.Neocyclotus, 192.Poteria, 192.Pterocyclos, 192.inconspicuum, Aperostoma, 221, 227, 282,289.Cyclostoma, 227.Poteria, 227.inornata, Cyclostoma. 61.inutilis, Cyclotus, 107, 115.Neocyclotus, 115.Poteria, 115.Irregulare, Aperostoma, 222, 236,280,290.Cyclostoma, 236.Poteria, 236.
irregularis, Cyclotus, 236.Neocyclotus, 236.itinerarium, Farcimen, 35, 284.jamaicense, Aperostoma, 105.Cyclostoma, 105, 106, 109, 112.Cyclotus, 123.jamaicensis, Cyclotus, 115.Neocyclotus, 82.Poteria, 106, 107, 112, 286.Turbo, 82, 93, 105, 106, 112.jugosa, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 76, 285, 291.jugosum, Cyclostoma, 71, 76.jugosus, Cyclotus, 76.Neocyclotus, 76.knobbei, Neocyclotus, 101.kobelti, Aperostoma, 187, 190, 279, 288.kugleri, Aperostoma, 196, 201, 282, 289.lacteofluviale, Aperostoma, 98.lacteofluvialis, Ptychocochlis, 84, 98, 286.laevitesta, Cyclopilsbrya, 80, 82, 285.Poteria, 82.Lagocyclus, 151, 154, 159.antoni, 154, 156. 280, 287.bartletti, 154. 157, 282, 287.crosseanus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287.haematomma, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287,291.vasconesi, 154, 156, 280, 287.lagunillense, Farcimen, ,37, 38, 284.laxatum, Aperostoma, 222, 244, 280, 290.Cyclostoma, 244.Poteria, 244.laxatus, Cyclotus, 244.Neocyclotus, 244.leal, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 246, 282, 290.Calaperostoma, 159, 165, 279, 288.leonellum, Farcimen, 29, 284.leoni, Farcimen, 17, 19, 283.leoninum, Farcimen, 29, 284.Megalomastoma, 29.limellum, Aperostoma, 196, 197, 199, 201,279, 288.liraensis. Pupa, 148.lineata, Poteria, 106, 107, 109, 110, 115,286, 291.lineatus, Cyclotus, 105, 109.Liracyclotus, 186. 274.psilomitus, 274, 282, 287.liratus, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 58, 60, 285.Cyclophorus, 58, 141.Lomastoma, 43.lutescens, Amphicyclotus, 181.Aperostoma, 181.Cyclophorus, ISO, 181.Cyclostoma, 181.Habropoma, 181.Mexcyclotus, 179, 180, 181, 288.magister, Farcimen, 17, 19, 283.Poteria, 116, 119, 287.magna, Cyclotus, 101.Ptychocochlis, 84, 101, 286.maguificum, Farcimen, 22, 283.major, Aperostoma, 269, 270, 279, 289.Poteria, 270.428349?42- -20
302 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
maleri, Amphicyclotus, 184, 185, 220,281, 288.Cyclophoms, 185.malleatum, Aperostoma, 187, 188, 189.190, 191, 282, 288.nianabense, Aperostoma, 222, 239, 280,290.manchesterensis, Ptychocochlis, 83, 88,285.uiani, Cyclostoma, 30.Farcimeu, 30, 284.Megalomastoma, 30.marianua, Ptychocochlis, 88, 97, 286.martensi, Neocyclotus, 95.Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 95, 286. 291.niartianum, Farcimen. 13, 14, 283.martinezi, Buckleya, 152.Buckleyia, 151, 152, 154, 280. 287.Cyelophorus, 152.niartinicense, Cyclostoma, 140.martinicensis, lucerticyclus, 140.masvense, Ai)erostoma. 223, 254, 280,290.mayajiguense, Farcimen, 11, 12, 283.mayariense, Farcimen, 7, 8, 10, 283.mayense, Farcimen, 7, 10, 283.mcsweeni, Aperostoma, 132, 134, 135,287.Megacyclotus, 151, 181.palenquensis, 182. 183, 281. 288.ponderosus, 182, 183, 281, 288.Megaloma, 43.Megalomastoma. 3, 41, 43, 48, 50. 51.antillarum, 49, 50, 2S4.apertum, 26, 27.brunnea, 48, 49.brunneum, 48. 49, 284, 285.complanatum, 38.curtum, 44.cyclindraceum, 45.dlgitale, 23.flavula, 44, 45.gealei, 143.gi-acilius, 147, 148.giiatenialense, 144.gundlachi, 28.hjalmersoni, 45.leoninum, 29.mani, 30.minor, 16.minus, 147, 148.mirandum, 9.petiti, 48, 49, 50, 284.procer, 38.seminudum, 7, 19.simulacrum, 146.torrei, 20.tortum, 5, 6.ungula, 9.verruculosum, 51, 284.Megalomastominae, 3, 43. 142.Megalomastomoides, 3, 48. 50.verruculosum, 51.merrllli. Aperostoma. 223, 262, 263, 264,279, 290.
Mexcyclotus, 151, 179.cooperi, 180, 181, 281, 288.lutescens, 179, 180, 181, 288.mexicanum, Aperostoma, 173.Cyclostoma, 124, 173.Cyrtotoma, 169, 173, 174, 281, 288.Habropoma, 171, 173.mexicanus, Cyclophorus, 173.Cyclotus, 173.milleri, Crocidopoma, 62, 66, 285.mineri, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 55, 58, 60,285.minor. Cyclotus, 100, 213.Farcimen, 15, 16, 283.Megalomastoma, 16.Neocyclotus, 260.Poteria, 213.Ptychocochlis, 84. 100, 286.minus, Megalomastoma, 147, 148.mirandum, Farcimen, 7, 9, 283.Megalomastoma, 9.montegoensis, Ptychocochlis, 84, 101,286.montezumi, Aperostoma, 151, 152.moricandi, Amphicyclotus. 220.Aperostoma, 219, 279, 291.Cyclostoma, 220.multilineatus, Cyclotus, 212.multlstriatinum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284.najazaense, Farcimen. 13, 14, 283.nana, Poteria, 116, 120, 286.nanum, Aperostoma, 223, 262, 263, 282,290Neocyclotus, 125, 187, 203.affinis, 210.ambiguus, 211.asperulus, 78.bakeri, 137.bartletti, 157.belli, 201, 268.berendti, 212.beswlcki, 79.bisinuatus, 235.bogotensis, 226.boucardi, 177.eaucaensis, 258.chrysacme, 219.cingulatus, 228, 253.colombiensis, 258.eonniveus, 275.corpulentus, 217.corrugatior, 84.corrugatissimus, 110.crassus, 113.cycloatus, 110.dentistigmatus, 120.depressus, 247.distinctus, 275.duffianus, 277.dnnkeri, 230.dysoni, 208, 209.fasclata, 227, 256.fischerianus, 258.fonticulus. 81.gemma, 87.
INDEX 303Neocyclotus giganteus, 238, 239.glaucostomus. 20!'.granulatus, 196.inca, 245, 267.incomptus. 192.inutilis, 115.irregularis, 236.jamaicensis, 82.jugosus, 76.knobbei, 101.laxatus, 244.martensi, 95.minor, 260.nodosus, 114.notatior, 122.notatus, 114.novae-spei, 117.pallescens, 111.panamensis, 197.pazi, 257.peilei, 200.perezi, 259.pergrandis, 188, 190.perpallidns, 139.peruvianus, 252.popayanus. 264.quitensis, 250.rupisfontis, 74.stramineus, 198.subcingulatus, 249.subrugosus, 105.thielei, 72.translucidus, 272.trinitensis, 271.varians, 86.westmorelandensis, 72.zigzag, 90.Neopupina, 3, 5, 43.croceum, 45.curtnm, 44.hjalmersoui, 45.nevadense, Aperostoma, 223, 255, 282,290.nicaraguense, Aperostoma, 205, 214, 216,281, 289.nigrofasciatum, Cal aperostoma, 159,164, 166, 280, 288.nigrofasciatus, Ampliicyclotus, 164.Cyclophorus, 164.nirafe, Aperostoma, 187, 193, 195, 279,288.nodosa, Poteria, 114.nodosus, Cyclotus, 107, 114.Neocyclotus, 114.notata, Poteria, 114.notatior, Cyelotus, 122, 123.Neocyclotus, 122.Poteria, 116, 122, 123, 286.notatus, Cyelotus, 107, 114.Neocyclotus, 114.novae-spei, Cyelotus, 115, 117.Neocyclotus, 117.Poteria, 115, 116, 117, 2S6.novussaltus, Cyelotus, 112.obesum, Farcimen, 20, 21, 283.
occidentals Adelopoma, 52, 148, 149,150, 151, 282, 291.Diplommatina, 52.(KCidentalis, Diplommatina, 52.Palaina, 52.olivaceum, Aperostoma, 222, 251, 252,280, 290.olssoni, Aniphicyclotus, 178.Calacyclotus, 178, 179, 279, 281, 288.orbignyi, Araphieyclotus, 168.Calaperostoma, 159, 168, 279.Cyclophorus, 168.Cyclostoma, 46, 47.Farciraoides, 46, 47, 284.orcutti, Crocidopoma, 62. 66, 285.Ptychocochlis, 84, 99, 286.paezense, Aprostoma, 221, 225, 279, 289.paezicolum, Aperostoma, 221, 232, 280,290.pailaense, Aperostoma, 221, 231, 280,289.Palaina occidentalis, 52.stolli, 149.palenquense, Aperostoma, 183.palenquensis. Megacyclotus, 182, 183,281, 288.pallescens, C.velostoma, 111.Cyelotus, 111.Neocyclotus, 111.Poteria, 107, 111, 286.palraeri, Cyrtotoma, 169, 172, 281, 288.panamense, Aperostoma, 196, 197, 281,288.panamensis, Neocyclotus, 197.Poteria, 197.parva, Cyelotus, 76, 77.pazi, Aperostoma, 217, 257, 280, 290.Cyelotus, 257.Neocyclotus, 257.Poteria, 257.peilei, Aperostoma, 196, 200, 279, 288.Neocyclotus, 200.perconvexum, Farcimen, 78, 283.perdistinctum, Aperostoma, 276.Crocidopoma, 39, 40, 284.perdistinctus, Cyelotus, 39, 40.perezi, Aperostoma, 223, 259, 280, 290.Cyelotus, 259.Neocyclotus, 259.Poteria, 259.pergrandis, Aperostoma, 187, 188, 190,279 288Neocyclotus. 188, 190.Poteria, 188.perpallidura, Cyrlostoma, 139.perpallidus, Cyclostoma. 139.Cvclotus, 139.Incerticyclus, 139, 287.Neocyclotus, 139.perplexus, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 59, 285.Incerticyclus, 140, 287.peruense, Aperostoma, 222, 245, 247, 282,290.peruvianum, Aperostoma, 223, 252, 282,290.
304 BULLETIN 181, UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMperuvianus, Neocyclotus, 252.Poteria, 252.petiti, Megalomastoma, 48, 49, 50, 284.petricola, Ptychocochlis, 104, 286.pichiuchense, Aperostoma, 187, 191, 280,288.piscinalis, Valvata, 141.pittieri, Aperostoma, 222, 236, 280.Calaperostoma, 159, 164, 281, 287.Cyclotus, 236.Poteria, 236.pizarroi, Aperostoma, 187, 193, 194, 195,282, 288.plana, Poteria, 107, 113, 114, 286.Platyraphe, 220.Platystoma, 82.dysoni, 208.Plectocyclotus, 106.poeyi, Farcimen, 17, 18, 19, 283.ponderosum, Cyclostoma, 182, 276.ponderosus, Amphicyclotus, 182.Cyclophorus, 182.Megacyclotus, 182, 183, 281, 288.popayana, Cyclostoma, 264.Poteria, 256, 264.popayanum, Aperostoma, 223, 264, 266,280, 291.popayanus, Cyclotus, 264.Neocyclotus, 264.portlandensis, Cyclotus, 93, 94.portobelleuse, Aperostoma, 222, 242, 281,290.portoricensis, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 59,285.Cyclotus, 59.Poteria, 62, 82, 105, 106.affiuis, 210.ambiguus, 211.aulari, 199.balnearis, 116, 123, 286.bartletti, 157.bejumensis, 270.berendti, 212.blanchetianum, 245.bogotensis, 226.bondi, 68.burringtoui, 107, 286.campeacliyi. 104.cardozi, 266.caribaea, 77.caucaensis, 2.58.caymanensis, 80.chittyi, 116, 121, 286.cingulatum, 228.colombiensis, 25S.confusum, 237.corpulentus, 217.corrugatissima, 107, 110, 111, 112,114, 286.crassa, 107, 113, 2S6.cycloata, 109, 110, 286.dentistigmata. 116, 120, 287, 291.depressus, 247.dunkeri, 230, 256.dysoni, 208.fasciata, 256.
Poteria filo-liratus, 267.fischeri, 239.gigantea, 238.glaucostoma, 200.granulatus, 196.imitator, 107, 108, 286-inca, 267.incomptus, 192.inconspicuum, 227.inutilis, 115.irregulare, 236.jamaicensis, 106, 107, 112, 286.laevite.sta, 82.laxatum, 244.lineata, 106, 107, 109, 110, 115, 286,291.magister, 116, 119, 287.major, 270.minor, 213.nana, 116, 120, 286.no(lo.sa, 114.notata, 114.notatior, 116, 122, 123, 286.uovaespei, 115, 116, 117, 2S6.pallescens, 107, 111, 286.panamensis, 197.pazi, 257.perezi, 259.pergrandis, 188.peruvianus, 252.pittieri, 236.plana, 107, 113, 114, 286.popayana, 256, 264.quitensis, -!50.rugata, 202.sanctaemarthae, 218.santaguitensis, 272, 273.smithi, 216.stramineus, 198.subcingulatum, 249.taylori, 118, 119, 287.trauslucida, 272.trinitensis, 136, 271.tryoniana, 116, 286.vincentiana, 133.welchi, 116, 118, 119, 286yallabsensis, 116, 123, 287.pretiosum, Aperostoma, 126, 127, 287.pretiosus, Cyclotus, 127.princeps, Aperostoma, 175.Barbacyclus, 175, 280, 288.procer, Farcimen, 38, 284.Megalomastoma, 38.prominula, Cyclostoma, 277.promiuulus, Incerticyclus, 277, 279, 291.pseudotortum, Farcimen, 5, 6, 7, 26, 283.psilomitum, Cyclostoma, 274.psilomitus, Amphicyclotus, 274.Cyclophorus, 274.Liracyclotus, 274, 2.S2, 287.Pterocyelos, 161.incomptus, 192.Ptychocochlis, 62, 82.adarasi, 83, 94, 95, 286.campeachyi, 84, 103, 104, 286.clappi, 82, 83, 91, 286.corrugata, 82, 83, 93, 95, 286.
INDEX 305Ptychocochlis corrugatior. 83, 84, 85, 86,286.gemma, 83, 87, 285.gossei, 83, 85, 286.hendersoni, 83, 96, 286.lacteofluvialis, 84, 98, 286.magna, 84, 101, 286.manchesterensis, 83, 88, 285.marianna, 83, 97, 286.martensi, 82, 83, 95, 286, 291.minor, 84, 100, 286.montegoensi.s, 84, 101, 286.orcutti, 84, 99, 286.petricola, 104, 286.savannensis, 82, 84, 98, 286.senex, 83, 92, 286.shawae, 83, 90. 286.simpsoni, 83, 95, 286.subglobosa, 84, 103, 286.subrugosa, 83, 105, 286.taylori, 83, 89, 286.varians, 83, 86, 286.vendreysi, 82, 84, 102, 286.welchi, 83, 88, 285.zigzag, 83, 90, 286.pulchellum, Aperostoma, 223, 263, 279,290.Pupa liraensis, 148.Pnpoides, 148.purum, Calaperostoma, 159, 162, 280,287.Cyclostoma, 162.pygmaeum, Aperostoma, 269, 272, 282,289.quitense, Aperostoma, 222, 250, 280, 290.Cyclostoma, 250.quitensis, Cyclotus, 250.Neocyclotns. 250.Poteria, 250.redfleldi, Aperostoma, 223, 261, 279, 290.rocai, Farcimen, 23, 284.rosenbergi, Amphicyclotus, 160.Calaperostoma, 159, 160, 280, 287.Cyclophorus, 160.roatanense, Aperostoma, 204, 207, 281,289.ruber, Aperostoma, 125, 126, 127, 128,287.Cyclotus, 126.rudisplanusque, Aperostoma, 125, 131,287.rudis-planusque, Cyclotus, 131.rufescens, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 56, 57,285.Cyclostoma, 56.rufilabris, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 78, 79, 285.Cyclotus, 78.rugata, Poteria, 202.rugatum, Aperostoma, 133, 286.rugatus, Cyclotus, 133.rupisfontis, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 74, 285.Cyclotus, 74.Neocyclotus, 74.salengoense, Aperostoma, 223, 253, 280,290.
salleanum, Aperostoma, 170.Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288.Habropoma, 170.salleanus, Cyclophorus, 170.sallei, Aperostoma, 205. 213, 281, 289.Farcimoides, 46, 285.sanctaemartliae. Aperostoma, 203, 217,218, 279, 289.Poteria, 218.santaguitense, Aperostoma, 289.santagnitensis, Poteria, 272, 273.savannensis, Ptychocochlis, 82, 84, 98,286.scabratum, Aperostoma, 125, 129, 287.schermoi, Incerticyclus, 138, 291.Schramm!, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 57, 58,285.Cyclostoma, 57.scopulorum, Farcimen, 4, 33, 284.seminudum, Aperostoma, 109, 125, 128,129, 130, 131, 287, 291.Cyclostoma, 125, 126, 130.Farcimen, 17, 19, 283.Megalomastoma, 7, 19.seminudus, Cyclostoma, 130.semivestitum, Farcimen, 7, 8, 283.senectum, Farcimen, 24, 284.senex, Ptychocochlis, 83, 92, 286.shawae, Ptychocochlis, 83, 90, 286.simile, Aperostoma, 221, 227, 280, 289.simpsoni, Ptychocochlis, 83, 95, 286.simulacrum, Cyclostoma, 146.Megalomastoma, 146.Tomocyelus, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147,281, 287.siphonis, Tomocyelus, 143, 145, 146, 281.smithi, Apero.stoma, 203, 204, 216, 217,279, 289.Poteria, 216.solenatum, Cyclostoma, 25.stirlingi, Aperostoma, 187, 195, 280, 288.stolli, Adelopoma, 149, 281, 291.Diplommatina, 149.Palaina, 149.stramineum, Aperostoma, 132, 195, 196,198, 282, 288.Cyclostoma, 198, 276.stramineus, Cyclotus, 198.Neocyclotus, 198.Poteria, 198.striata, Cyclostoma, 165.striatum, Cyclostoma, 165.striosa, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 75, 76, 285.striosus, Cyclotus, 75.subcingulatum, Aperostoma, 222, 249,251, 280, 290.Poteria, 249.subclngulatus, Neocyclotus, 249.subglobosa, Ptychocochlis, 84, 103, 286.subobesum, Farcimen, 20, 21, 283.subrugosa, Ptychocochlis, 83, 105, 286.subrugosum, Cyclostoma, 105.subrugosus, Cyclotus, 105.Neocyclotus, 105.subventricosum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284.
306 BULLETIN 181, UOTTED STATES NATIONAL RIUSEUM
sumiclirasti, Aperostoma, 204, 209, 211,281, 289.superbum, Farcimen, 34, 35, 284.sutiirale, Cyclostoiua, G8, 69.suturalis, Cyclojamaicia, 68, 69, 70, 285.taylori, Potoria, 118, 119, 287.Ptychocochlis, 83, 89, 286.texturatum, Cyclostoma, 186, 276.texturatus, Amphicyclotus, 184, 186, 281,288.Cyclopborus, 186.thielei, Neocyclotus, 72.Tomocyclus, 3, 142.constrictus, 148, 145, 281, 287.copanensis, 143, 147, 281, 2S7.gealei, 142, 143, 147, 281. 287.suatemalensis. 143, 144, 281. 287.simulacrum, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147,281, 287.siphonis, 143, 145, 146, 281.toroense, Crocidopoma, 40, 284.torrei, Farcimen, 20, 284.Megalomastoma, 20.tortum, Cyclostoma, 4, 2f5, 38.Farcimen, 4, 5, 26, 284.Megalomastoma, 5, 6.tortus. Turbo, 4, 5. 26.translucida, Potcria, 272.ti'anslucidum. Aperostoma, 186, 179, 268,269, 272, 279, 289.Cyclostoma, 272.translucidus, Cyclofus, 271, 272.Neocyclotus, 272.trinitense, Aperostoma, 136, 288. 269,271, 287, 289.trinitensis, Cyclotus, 136, 271.Neocyclotus, 271.Poteria, 186, 271.truncatum, Cerion, 45.tryoniana. Poteria, 116, 286.tryonianum, Aperostoma, 116.tucma, Adelopoma, 148, 279, 291.Turbo flavidus, 45.jamaicensis, 82, 93, 105, 106, 112.tortus, 4, 5, 26.turquinoense, Farcimen, 5, 6, 283.umbilicatum, Aperostoma, 221, 224, 225,226, 279, 289.Underwoodi, Amphicyclotus, 176.Barbacyclus, 175, 176, 178, 280, 288.
underwoodi, Cyclopborus, 176.ungula, Farcimen, 5, 7, 9, 10, 283.Megalomastoma, 9.utriaense, Aperostoma, 222. 240, 241280, 290.valerioi, Aperostoma, 205, 213, 215, 280,289.Valvata piscinalis, 141.varians, Cyclostoma, 86, 92, 93, 127, 128.Cyclotus, 86.Neocyclotus, 86.Ptychococblls, 83, 86, 286.vasconesi, Cyclopborus, 156.Lagocyclus, 154, 156, 280, 287.vendreysi, Ptycbococblis, 82, 84, 102, 286.venezuelense, Aperostoma 222, 247, 248282. 290.ventricosa, Cyclostoma, 30.ventricosum, Farcimen, 30, 82, 284.veracocbauum, Aperostoma, 221, 229,282. 289.verruculosum, Cyclostoma, 51.Megalomastoma, 51, 284.vesconesi, Ampbicyclotus, 156.Cyclopborus, 156, 160.vinalense, Farcimen, 32, 33, 284.vincentina, Poteria, 133.vincentinum, Aperostoma, 133, 286.volvulus, Cyclopborus, 124.Cyclostoma, 124.vortex, Crocidopoma, 62, 63, 65, 285.Cyclostoma, 68.Cyclotus, 63.walkeri, Aperostoma, 174.Cyrtotoma, 169, 174, 281, 288.welcbi, Poteria, 116, 118, 119. 286.Ptycbococblis, 83, 88, 285.westmorelandensis, Cvclopilsbrya, 71,72, 295.Cyclotus, 72.Neocyclotus, 72.wetmorei, Aperostoma, 203, 279, 291.wrighti, Crocidopoma, 41, 42, 284.Farcimen. 12, 13, 283.yallabsensis, Poteria, 116, 123, 287.yunquense, Farcimen, 6, 283.zigzag, Cyclotus, 90.Neocyclotus, 90.Ptvcbococblis, S3, 90, 286.o





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