Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Philippines PAUL C. SILVA, ERNANI G. MENEZ, and RICHARD L. MOE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES ? NUMBER 27 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution Corrections to Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Number 27: Page 69. Polysiphonia beaudettei. First entry should be spelled the same as the centered heading. Page 142. Delete van den Hoek from the authorship of van den Hoek, Vannajan, and Trono, then transfer the two references to page 153, preceding Velasquez. Page 157. Change explanation of Index to read: (Primary entries in roman, synonyms and names mentioned incidentally in italic.) S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M A R I N E S C I E N C E S ? N U M B E R 27 Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Philippines Paul C. Silva, Ernani G. Menez, and Richard L. Moe ISSUED DEC 0 1 1987 ?SOMAN INST'ljTi. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1987 A B S T R A C T Silva, Paul C , Ernani G. Menez, and Richard L. Moe. Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Philippines. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 27, 179 pages, 2 figures, 1987.?All published records of benthic marine algae from the Philippines are assembled in a catalog with the taxa arranged according to an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of family. The taxonomic framework takes into consideration recently published opinions. Each taxonomic synonym is accompanied by a citation of the author who first proposed the synonymy. Additional taxonomic and nomenclatural notes are provided where deemed useful. Type local? ities are indicated for all accepted names and taxonomic synonyms. Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae) comprise 19 genera with 61 species. They are arranged according to the Geitlerian system, accompanied by a reconciliation with the Drouetian system. Their nomenclature is based on a 1753 Linnaean starting point rather than the later starting points specified by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Rhodophyceae (red algae) comprise 130 genera with 506 specific or infraspecific taxa, of which 35 have Philippine type localities. Phaeophyceae (brown algae) comprise 23 genera with 154 species or infraspecific taxa, of which 27 have Philippine type localities. Chlorophyceae (green algae) comprise 37 genera with 251 species or infraspecific taxa, of which 20 have Philippine type localities. Portieria Zanardini 1851 is adopted in place of Chondrococcus Kutzing 1847, Eupogodon Kutzing 1845 in place of Dasyopsis (Montagne) Montagne 1847, and Hincksia J.E. Gray 1864 in place of Giffordia Batters 1893. In addition, new binomials are proposed in Gelidium, Halymenia, Callophyllis, Sporolithon, Gracilaria, Ceramium, Polysiphonia, and Hormophysa. The catalog is preceded by a brief history of Philippine phycology. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Silva, Paul C. Catalog of the benthic marine algae of the Philippines. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 27) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.41:27 1. Marine algae?Philippines?Bibliography. 2. Benthos?Philippines?Bibliography. I. Menez, Ernani G. II. Moe, Richard Lee. III. Title. IV. Series. Z5356.A6S54 1987 016.589392'571 87- 600124 [QK575.P6] Contents Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 1 History of Philippine Phycology 2 Scope of Catalog 2 Format of Catalog 5 Catalog 7 Cyanophyceae 7 Reconciliation with the Drouetian System 15 Rhodophyceae 17 Phaeophyceae 73 Chlorophyceae 91 Records Determined Only to Genus 123 Nomenclatural Notes (by Paul C. Silva) 127 Literature Cited 132 Index 157 in We dedicate this work to Dr. Gregorio T. Velasquez, Professor Emeritus, University of the Philippines, devoted champion of phycology and phycologists in the Philippines. iv Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Philippines Paul C. Silva, Ernani G. Menez, and Richard L. Moe Introduction During May-June 1978 and April-May 1979, Ernani G. Mefiez participated in the Smithsonian Institution Philip? pines Expedition (SIPHILEXP), which was officially based at the Silliman University Marine Laboratory in Dumaguete City, Negros Island. The primary objective was to collect marine organisms from the Central Visayas for studies on taxonomy and distribution. A large collection of benthic marine algae was obtained and subsequently studied. In preparation for SIPHILEXP, Mefiez initiated a com? pilation of the species of benthic marine algae reported from the Philippines and a list of references pertaining to them. Because of the existence of unique phycological re? sources in the Herbarium of the University of California at Berkeley, specifically the Index Nominum Algarum and the Bibliographia Phycologica Universalis (both in the form of card files compiled and maintained by Paul C. Silva), he took his preliminary draft there for checking. The utility of collaboration was perceived and an arrangement was made whereby Mefiez would be responsible for the citations of species while Silva would be responsible for providing the taxonomic framework and correct nomenclature. In the five years that have passed since the cooperative effort was begun, the number of publications dealing with Philippine seaweeds has increased markedly, and both Mefiez and Silva have been involved in keeping pace with the output. In the summer of 1984, Richard L. Moe was asked to join the project, in view of his competency in word-processing and broad phycological experience. The purpose of this catalog is to integrate published information on the taxonomy and distribution of Philippine benthic marine algae and thus provide a foundation for Paul C. Silva, Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. Ernani G. Menez, Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Richard L. Moe, Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. future exploration and research. Rather than make an uncritical compilation of records (such as Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975), we decided to incorporate as much infor? mation as was pertinent to understanding the taxonomic structure and nomenclature adopted in this catalog. The continued relevance of this information obviously depends upon the reliability of the determinations that underlie the published records. Considering that very little critical work has been done on Philippine marine algae, it is reasonable to assume that a certain portion of the incorporated infor? mation will eventually prove irrelevant. Nonetheless, we believe that this catalog will facilitate and perhaps stimulate future work by pointing out geographic and taxonomic areas most in need of attention. Unlike publications that are intended to endure like monoliths, this catalog is in? tended to become obsolete, with the rate of obsolescence an index of the progress in Philippine phycology. Because tens of thousands of data are incorporated in this catalog, the possibility of making errors is great, but we hope that we have initiated far fewer than we have encountered in the literature and corrected. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.?For assistance in obtaining copies of pertinent literature, we are especially grateful to Ms. Hilconida Calumpong, Silliman University Marine Labora? tory, Dumaguete City, Dr. Paciente A. Cordero, Junior, Division of Botany, Philippine National Museum, Manila, Mrs. Edna T. Fortes-Ganzon, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Mr. Lawrence M. Liao, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, and Dr. Milagrosa R. Martinez, University of the Philippines at Los Bafios. We are indebted to Dr. Thomas O. Duncan, Director of the Herbarium of the University of California at Berkeley, for his efforts in ob? taining a computer system for the Herbarium and for encouraging us to use it in preparing the electronic manu? script of this catalog. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES History of Philippine Phycology Detailed accounts of the history of Philippine phycology have been provided by Velasquez (1962b; 1985) and Cor? dero (1972; 1977a), but it seems useful to review its most salient features, especially with regard to marine algae. Unlike many areas that were explored biologically by colo? nial powers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Philippines were not so favored by Spain, and the earliest information on its plants and their uses came from resident Augustinian monks (M. Blanco, 1837). Un? fortunately, there are no extant specimens to document this work. In October 1836, Hugh Cuming, an English natural? ist especially interested in conchology, arrived at Manila to begin three years of exploration that would take him to nearly every large island in the archipelago (Merrill, 1926). He made a small but important collection of marine algae, which was reported on by Montagne (1844a) and also served as the basis of Galaxaura fastigiata and Liagora caenomyce, both described by Decaisne (1842). During the last half of the nineteenth century, four expeditions returned to Europe with varying amounts of Philippine algae. The Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien contributed collections made at Manila and Zamboanga in 1861 by its zoologist, Eduard von Martens; these collections were the subject of a publication by Eduard's father, Georg von Martens (1868). In 1874-1875, H.N. Moseley, the naturalist of the Challenger Expedition, collected algae at the Gigantes Islands (Iloilo), Mactan I. (Cebu), and Zam? boanga, which were recorded by Dickie (1874a, 1876a, 1876b, 1877). Cesare Marcacci, lieutenant on board the Vettor Pisani, collected algae at Ticao Island (Masbate) and Cavite during the circumnavigation of that ship in 1884. They were published on by Piccone (1886, 1889). The most important expedition, by far, was the Siboga Expedition to the Indonesian region, which made extensive collections in 1899 in the Sulu Archipelago. These collections contrib? uted significantly to monographs of Halimeda (Barton, 1901), the Codiaceae (Gepp and Gepp, 1911), and the Corallinaceae (Foslie, 1904; Weber-van Bosse, 1904b). The entire phycological harvest of the expedition was treated by Weber-van Bosse (1913a, 1921, 1923, 1928). In the Commonwealth period, Elmer Drew Merrill was impartial in his messianic pursuit of Philippine botany dur? ing 20 years of service to the Bureau of Agriculture, the Bureau of Forestry, the Bureau of Science, and the Univer? sity of the Philippines (Quisumbing, 1957). Although pri? marily interested in vascular plants, he caused the Bureau of Science to assemble a large collection of algae. These were sent for study in 1911-1913 to M.A. Howe at the New York Botanical Garden and to W.A. Setchell at the University of California at Berkeley. No systematic study was made of these specimens at that time, but in 1951 the Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae at Berkeley were loaned to W.R. Taylor of the University of Michigan, who ulti? mately published on them (Taylor, 1966b). The all-impor? tant University of Michigan connection was established in 1935-1936, when H.H. Bartlett, Chairman of its Depart? ment of Botany, was an exchange professor at the University of the Philippines (Voss, 1961). A man of wide interests and great energy, he made massive collections of plants, includ? ing many algae, throughout the archipelago. These were sent to Ann Arbor, where the algae were studied by Taylor and his students. Bartlett returned to the Philippines under the auspices of the United States Department of Agriculture in 1940-1941, making further collections of algae in Min? danao. His collections have been cited in numerous papers, including Chou (1945, 1947) on Galaxaura, Gilbert (1942, 1943, 1947) on Chlorophyceae, Taylor (1964, 1966b) on Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae, and Tseng and Gilbert (1942) on Codium. In the period of the Republic, Philippine phycology has come to share the dramatic surge of interest and activity in the science that initially was centered in the industrial nations. The leader and catalyst has been Gregorio T. Velasquez, Professor Emeritus of Botany, University of the Philippines, who received his doctorate at the University of Michigan in 1939, working on the viability of algae obtained from the digestive tract of a fresh-water fish. Although primarily interested in Cyanophyceae, Velasquez has had a profound influence on all aspects of Philippine phycology. The productivity of his academic offspring has created an urgent need for this catalog. Awareness of benthic marine algae in the Philippines has been greatly heightened by the successful efforts to grow certain of them commercially (Eucheuma, Gracilaria, and Caulerpa). Not only has the welfare of many coastal com? munities been improved, but the nation as a whole has benefited from increased exports. Most phycological publi? cations in the past two decades have been floristic, and critical taxonomic studies must now be given high priority. It is essential that the rapidly accumulating information on algal ecology, physiology, and biochemistry, much of which is of potential economic importance, be attached to correct names. Scope of Catalog To avoid the difficulty of having to assess each paper for its worthiness of inclusion, we have been comprehensive rather than selective, citing every reference to Philippine benthic marine algae that we could find, regardless of information content. Publications dealing with biochemical, physiological, ecological, and economic features supplement the basic core of taxonomic and morphological literature. Previous compilations were included. Twenty species that were erroneously cited by Velasquez, Trono, and Doty (1975) have been omitted from this catalog. Most of these erroneous records were taken from various reports of the NUMBER 27 BATAN, . BABUYAN o 0 - 20 SOUTH CHINA SEA PHILIPPINE SEA ^ C A T A N D U A N E S 16 9 ,V . V a > ? CELEBES SEA .0 120 124 FIGURE 1.?Map of the Philippines showing major islands. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES O 7\0=> 7 2 ^ eo 20 16 12 120 124 FIGURE 2.?Map of the Philippines with the provinces designated by number. See Table 1 for a key to the numbers. (Redrawn from Vreeland et al., (second edition) 1976:25, fig. 4.) NUMBER 27 Siboga Expedition and based on collections from the Talud Islands and Kawio Islands, both groups belonging to Indo? nesia. Species were also erroneously included on the basis of collections from Borneo, Java, and Mangaia (Cook Is? lands). The following is a list of species excluded from this catalog: Cyanophyceae Oscillatoria brevis Kutzing Rhodophyceae Cheilosporum spectabile Harvey Coriophyllum setchellii Weber-van Bosse Cruoriella lemoineae Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma dichotomum Weber-van Bosse Galaxaura sibogae Weber-van Bosse Gelidium anthoninii Lamouroux ex C. Agardh Herposiphonia prorepens (Harvey) Schmitz Laurencia pinnatifida (Hudson) Lamouroux Liagora pulverulenta C. Agardh Mastophora macrocarpa Montagne Nitophyllum tongatense Grunow Polycoelia vanhoevelii Weber-van Bosse Polysiphonia pentamera Hollenberg Phaeophyceae Sphacelaria pulvinata J. Hooker and Harvey Chlorophyceae Boodlea vanbosseae Reinbold Chaetomorpha clavata (C. Agardh) Kutzing Cladophora aegagropila [error in citation for Cladophora (Aegagropila) sibogae Reinbold] Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Setchell Microdictyon vanbosseae Setchell Special problems relating to the compilation of records of Cyanophyceae are discussed in the introduction to that group. Brackish-water records from lagoons, canals, and swamps connecting with the sea or adjacent to it were included for all groups. Format of Catalog The sequence of taxa follows an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of family. Genera within a family are listed alphabetically, as are species within a genus. Ap? pended to the catalog is a list of citations of undescribed or undetermined species, assigned only to genus. An attempt was made to include in this list only those citations that are accompanied by at least some description or collection data. In the process of constructing the taxonomic framework of this catalog, the need for various nomenclatural changes arose. Documentation for these changes is given in an appendix to avoid disruption of the catalog. For each accepted name, synonym, and basionym at the rank of species or below, the author and the place of valid publication are given, followed by a chronological list of references to Philippine records under that name. The type locality of each basionym is indicated. When the location of the holotype or lectotype specimen is given (as in the rec? onciliation of the Geitlerian and Drouetian classifications of Cyanophyceae), the herbarium is indicated by the code prescribed by the Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1981). If the original publication of a name includes a Philippine record, an appropriate annotation is added unless the name has a Philippine type, in which case the name is preceded by an asterisk (*). Nomenclatural synonyms are listed before taxonomic synonyms. The authority for taxonomic synonymy is given in an accompanying note. This innovative feature enables the user to consult and assess a taxonomic opinion as origi? nally proposed. Unusual nomenclatural situations are also explained in accompanying notes. A particularly troublesome and fre? quently encountered situation arises when the intended basionym of a binomial is shown to be a later homonym. Because, according to Article 45.3 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN; Voss et al., 1983), only legitimate names are taken into consideration for pur? poses of priority, a later homonym (which is illegitimate according to Article 64.1 of the ICBN) cannot serve as a basionym and its author should not be placed in paren? theses. The first transfer of the basionym to a different genus, however, results in a binomial that is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1. The TABLE 1.?List of Philippine provinces with numerical designation. No. Province 1 Batanes 2 Ilocos Norte 3 Cagayan 4 A bra 5 Kalinga-Apayao 6 Ilocos Sur 7 Mountain 8 Isabela 9 Ifugao 10 La Union 1 1 Benguet 12 Nueva Vizcaya 13 Quirino 14 Pangasinan 15 Nueva Ecija 16 Quezon 17 Zambales 18 Tarlac 19 Pampanga 20 Bulacan 21 Bataan 22 Rizal 23 Cavite 24 Laguna 25 Camarines Norte 26 Batangas 27 Camarines Sur 28 Catanduanes 29 Occidental Mindoro 30 Oriental Mindoro 31 Marinduque 32 Albay 33 Romblon 34 Sorsogon 35 Masbate 36 Northern Samar No. 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 Province Aklan Samar Eastern Samar Capiz Antique Iloilo Leyte Cebu Southern Leyte Negros Occidental Bohol Surigao del Norte Palawan Negros Oriental Siquijor Agusan del Norte Camiguin Surigao del Sur Misamis Oriental Zamboanga del Norte Misamis Occidental Bukidnon Agusan del Sur Zamboanga del Sur Lanao del Norte Lanao del Sur Davao Davao Oriental Maguindanao North Cotabato Basilan Sultan Kudarat Davao del Sur South Cotabato Sulu Tawitawi SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES nomen novum serves as the basionym (unless it too is a later homonym). Gracilaria lichenoides, for example, is usually attributed to (Turner) Greville, but Fucus lichenoides Turner, the intended basionym, is a later homonym, and hence not priorable. The first generic placement outside Fucus was to Gigartina by Lamouroux. Gigartina lichenoides Lamouroux thus is treated as a nomen novum and serves as the basionym of Sphaerococcus lichenoides and Gracilaria lichenoides. Geographic distribution is indicated primarily by island or island group (Figure 1), secondarily by province within the island or island group (Figure 2). The islands or island groups are listed in four successive northwest-southeast sweeps, thus: BATANES, LUZON, CATANDUANES; MINDORO, MARINDUQUE, ROMBLON, MASBATE, SAMAR, LEYTE; PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, SIQUIJOR, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, MIN? DANAO, BASILAN; PALAWAN, SULU. Within Luzon, the prov? inces are listed from north to south, first on the west coast (from Cagayan to Batangas), then on the east coast (from Isabela to Sorsogon). When appropriate, certain minor is? lands (arbitrarily limited to those labeled on United States Hydrographic Office Chart 14,200) are indicated paren? thetically within provinces. Cordero (1977a) has classified the Philippine Archipelago into four marine floristic regions, namely, the South China Sea region (Batanes, northwestern Luzon, and Mindoro), the Pacific Ocean region (northeastern Luzon, Marinduque, and Romblon), the Sulu Sea-Celebes Sea region (Palawan, Sulu Archipelago, Basilan, and the southern tip of Zam? boanga del Sur), and the inland water region (all Visayan provinces and most of Mindanao). While we appreciate this attempt to bring phytogeographical order to the physio? graphic chaos presented by the 7,100 islands of the Philip? pine Archipelago, we believe that the purposes of this catalog are better served by an essentially linear sequence of localities. This sequence obviates the complication of listing Luzon in three regions and Mindanao in two regions. (In fact, the east coast of Mindanao, not specified by Cor? dero, should be included in the Pacific Ocean region, giving a total of three regions for that island.) It also avoids the arbitrary placement of Cagayan Province in the Pacific Ocean region. (The Babuyan Islands, which are politically part of Cagayan Province, are influenced equally by the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean, as are the Batan Islands, which Cordero places in the South China Sea re? gion.) Catalog Class CYANOPHYCEAE Blue-green algae stand at a conspicuous distance from red, brown, and green seaweeds, both taxonomically and ecologically. Nonetheless, because they frequently are en? countered by marine phycologists and preserved as herbar? ium specimens, they are included in this catalog. Most marine floristic accounts omit them, reflecting either insuf? ficient interest on the part of the author or a desire to avoid numerous uncertainties peculiar to the group. When deal? ing with organisms that are tolerant over extremely broad physico-chemical ranges, a collector should document each collection with adequate data?including salinity or pH (whichever is appropriate) and temperature. Most herbar? ium specimens of blue-green algae are accompanied by meager ecological information, if any, and such indications as 'along Narvacan Beach" are ambiguous when the user is faced with deciding whether the alga should be considered marine. It could have been growing in a freshwater pool next to the beach, on rocks far above high-tide mark and splashed by seawater with uncertain frequency, or on inter? tidal rocks. Alternatively, it could have lain free on the mud at low tide, having originated in a nearby freshwater stream or in offshore plankton. Even when critical information is given on the specimen, it is frequently omitted by the recording author. Deciding which records of blue-green algae should be considered marine and benthic is only the first obstacle. This group is plagued with other uncertainties. Its taxon? omy has been polarized between the Geitlerian and Droue? tian schools. Geitler (1942), building on the monographs of Bornet and Flahault (1886-1888) and Gomont (1892-1893), recognized 4 orders, 22 families, 140 genera, and more than 1200 species, while Drouet (1981) recog? nized 2 orders, 6 families, 24 genera, and 61 species. Recently, microbiologists have proposed a system of classi? fication based solely on characters revealed in pure cultures (Rippkaetal . , 1979). Having delineated the taxonomic units, one is then faced with the problem of determining their correct names. This is a critical process that is complicated in the case of blue- green algae by the provision of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that nomenclature of the Nosto? cales begins with the monographs of Bornet and Flahault and of Gomont. For reasons discussed in the appended Nomenclatural Notes, later starting points are ignored in this catalog. All names recorded for the Philippines except the few published by Dickie (1876a, 1877) essentially follow Bornet and Flahault for heterocystous Nostocales and Gomont for homocystous Nostocales. For this reason, the records have been arranged according to those monographs rather than being integrated into the Drouetian system. A few records appear under two names, one given by Velasquez or another Filipino worker, the other by Drouet. These instances of duplication are noted. The catalog of blue-green algal rec? ords is followed by a reconciliation of the two systems. As though the foregoing ecological, taxonomic, and no? menclatural uncertainties were not enough, recently the inclusion of these organisms in the algae has been ques? tioned. Placing greater importance on the lack of mem? brane-bounded organelles than on the presence of oxygen- evolving photosynthesis, certain workers (led by the late Roger Stanier) treat these organisms as bacteria (Cyanobac- teria). Some of these workers appear to have little faith in their decision, however, as they publish articles on Cyano- bacteria in phycological journals! Order CHROOCOCCALES Family CHROOCOCCACEAE Anacystis Meneghini Anacystis aeruginosa (Zanardini) Drouet and Daily Palmogloea aeruginosa Zanardini, 1872:162, pi. IX.D [type locality: Cape Datu (Tandjoeng Datoek), boundary between Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia]. Anacystis aeruginosa (Zanardini) Drouet and Daily, 1948:77.?Velasquez, 1950:312.?Drouet and Daily, 1956:77.?Velasquez and Soriano, 1957:486.?Velasquez, 1962a:279, pi. 1: fig. 7.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:127.?Cordero, 1976c:10, 12.?Reyes, 1978:139, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2.?Martinez, 1984:24. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. MINDORO: Orien? tal Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Family ENTOPHYSALIDACEAE Entophysalis Kutzing Entophysalis conferta (Kutzing) Drouet and Daily Palmella conferta Kutzing, 1845:149 [type locality: Cuxhaven, West Ger? many]. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Entophysalis conferta (Kutzing) Drouet and Daily, 1948:79; 1956:118.? Velasquez, 1962a:281, pi. 1: fig. 9.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:143.?Martinez, 1984:36. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal, Manila. Order NOSTOCALES Family NOSTOCACEAE Anabaina Bory de Saint-Vincent This generic name is usually spelled Anabaena, an ortho? graphic variant used by Bornet and Flahault (1888 [1886- 1888]:224). Anabaina pseudoscillatoria Bory de Saint-Vincent Anabaina pseudoscillatoria Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822:308 ["pseudo-oscil- latoria"] [type locality: not specified; Everquem, near Gent, Belgium fide Drouet, 1978:157, 186]. Anabaina oscillarioides Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1831:29 [explanation of pi. LU: figs. 7a-c].?Drouet, 1978:195.?Cordero, 1981d:62, fig. 1.? Martinez, 1984:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. PANAY: Aklan. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.). NOTE.?Bory de Saint-Vincent changed the epithet of this specific name without explanation. He has been fol? lowed in this regard by all subsequent authors. The Oriental Mindoro record (Velasquez 1045) was previously published under Hormothamnium enteromorphoides (Velasquez, 1962a:351), while the Palawan records (Velasquez 3019 and Merrill 9158) were previously published under H. solutum (Velasquez, 1955:175 and 1962a:351, respectively). Hormothamnium Grunow The variant spelling Hormothamnion was initiated by Bor? net and Flahault (1888 [1886-1888]:259) and has been used by all subsequent authors. Hormothamnium enteromorphoides Grunow Hormothamnium enteromorphoides Grunow, 1867:31, pi. I: fig. 25 [type locality: Guadeloupe].?Velasquez, 1950:323; 1962a:350, pi. 10: fig. 120.?Reyes, 1978:141, pi. 2: figs. 5, 6.?Martinez, 1984:39. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1978:165, 195), after examining the holotype of this species (in W), assigned it to Anabaina oscillarioides Bory de Saint-Vincent (= A. pseudoscillatoria Bory de Saint-Vincent). Hormothamnium solutum Bornet and Grunow Hormothamnium solutum Bornet and Grunow in Bornet and Flahault, 1888 [I886-1888]:259 [lectotype locality: Noumea, New Caledonia fide Drouet, 1978:166, 198].?Velasquez, 1955:175, pi. UL fig- 45; 1962a:351,pl. 10: figs. 121, 121a.?Martinez, 1984:39. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.). NOTE.?Drouet , after choosing and examining the lec? totype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Anabaina oscil? larioides Bory de Saint-Vincent (= A. pseudoscillatoria Bory de Saint-Vincent). Family OSCILLATORIACEAE Hydrocoleum Kutzing Hydrocoleum cantharidosmum (Montagne) Gomont Lyngbya? cantharidosma Montagne, 1841 [1839-1842]: 188 [type locality: Islas Canarias]. Hydrocoleum cantharidosmum (Montagne) Gomont, 1890:353.?Velas? quez, 1950:319; 1962a:335, pi. 7: fig. 93.?Martinez, 1984:40. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:266, 297), after examining the holotype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Hydrocoleum comoides (Harvey) Gomont Calothrix comoides Harvey, 1863:lxii [lectotype locality: Port Phillip Heads, Victoria, Australia fide Drouet, 1968:276, 308; 1973:207]. Hydrocoleum comoides (Harvey) Gomont, 1892[1892-1893]:335.?Velas? quez, 1962a:335.?Martinez, 1984:40. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Although Harvey gave Cape Riche [Western Australia] as the only locality for Calothrix comoides, he cited two of his collections, numbers 597 and 598. The latter is from Port Phillip Heads and that specimen (in BM) was chosen as lectotype by Drouet, who assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Hydrocoleum glutinosum (C. Agardh) Gomont Lyngbya glutinosa C. Agardh, 1824:73 [type locality: "In sinu Codano" (Kattegat, between Denmark and Sweden)]. Hydrocoleum glutinosum (C. Agardh) Gomont, 1890:353.?Velasquez, 1950:319; 1962a:334, pi. 7: fig. 92.?Martinez, 1984:40. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:263), incorrectly treating Lyngbya glutinosa as a nomenclatural synonym of Conferva majuscula Dillwyn (1809 [1802-1809]:40, suppl. pi. A), referred this species to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan on the basis of the Dillwyn type. In fact, C. Agardh (1824:73, 74) cited uOsc. majuscula, Lyngb. & fl. D. t. 1549. f. 1" under Lyngbya glutinosa, intending this citation to refer to a circumscription (Lyngbye, 1819:91) that NUMBER 27 excluded the type of Conferva majuscula, which he cited in the synonymy of Lyngbya crispa (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, as "Oscill. majuscula, Dillw. t. A." Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kutzing Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kutzing, 1849:259 [lectotype locality: Cher? bourg, France fide Drouet, 1968:272, 296].?Velasquez, 1950:318.? Agor, 1962:34.?Velasquez, 1962a:336, pi. 7: fig. 94.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:36, fig. 4.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Martinez, 1984:40. Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan, 1867:114.? Drouet, 1968:306-307. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Manila, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU. SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:224-225) placed Hydrocoleum and Lyngbya, among other genera, in the synonymy of Microco? leus. The records for Ilocos Sur, Cebu, and Tawitawi, which were added by Drouet, are based on collections previously reported under Phormidium ambiguum (Velasquez, 1962a:306), Lyngbya confervoides (Velasquez, 1940:271; 1962a:321), and L. majuscula (Velasquez, 1955:167), re? spectively. Lyngbya C. Agardh Lyngbya aestuarii (Mertens) Liebman Conferva aestuarii Mertens in Jiirgens, 1816: decade 2, no. 8 [type locality: "Dynastia Jeverana" (Oldenburg, West Germany)]. Lyngbya aestuarii (Mertens) Liebman, 1839:492.?Velasquez, 1941:193; 1955:166, pi. II: fig. 25; 1962a:317, pi. 3: fig. 65.?Cordero, 1976c:14; 1979b:278; 1981d:62, fig. 2.?Martinez, 1984:41. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan, Rizal. PANAY: Aklan. PALAWAN (Cuyo I.). NOTE.?Drouet (1968:263, 292) chose a specimen in L as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Lyngbya confervoides C. Agardh Lyngbya confervoides C. Agardh, 1824:73 [lectotype locality: Spain (prob? ably Cadiz) fide Drouet, 1968:264].?Velasquez, 1940:271; 1950:318.?Agor, 1962:33; Velasquez, 1962a:321, pi. 3: fig 67 .? Reyes, 1978:139, pi. 1: figs. 9, 10.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:6.? Velasquez, 1980:127, table 1.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:41. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:264, 296) chose a specimen in LD as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Lyngbya ferruginea C. Agardh Lyngbya ferruginea C. Agardh, 1824:73 [type locality: "In sinu ad Hof- mansgave Fioniae' (Fyn, Denmark)].?Dickie, 1877:489.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152.?Martinez, 1984:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:264, 292), after examining the holotype of this species (in LD) assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Lyngbya infixa Fremy Lyngbya infixa Fremy, 1932:1414 [type locality: Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyre- nees-Orientales, France].?Cordero, 1976c: 14. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:52, 73) chose a specimen in the personal herbarium of J. Feldmann as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont. Lyngbya lutea (C. Agardh) J.E. Areschoug Oscillatoria lutea C. Agardh, 1824:68 [type locality: Halsingborg, Sweden]. Lyngbya lutea (C. Agardh) J.E. Areschoug, 1850:443.?Fortes and Trono , 1980:53.?Martinez, 1984:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:185, 188), after examining the holotype of this species (in LD), retained its original dispo? sition, as Oscillatoria lutea C. Agardh. Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey Conferva majuscula Dillwyn, 1809 [1802-1809]:40, suppl. pi. A [lectotype locality: England fide Drouet, 1968:263]. Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey, 1833:370.?Dickie, 1876a:245.? Velasquez, 1940:271; 1950:317; 1955:167, pi. II: fig. 26.?Velasquez and Soriano, 1957:486.?Agor, 1962:33.?Velasquez, 1962a:319, pi. 4: fig. 68; 1971:428, fig. 3?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:171, pi. 1: fig. 1; pi. 4: fig. 28.?Reyes, 1972:135.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:152.?Cordero, 1976c:10, 14, fig. A.?Vannajan and Trono , 1977:37.?Reyes, 1978:139, pi. Lfigs. 7, 8 .?Trono, 1978:2.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:6.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:94.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 198 lb :396.?Trono and Ang, 1982:2.?Martinez, 1984:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas. MIN? DORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (Tapul Group), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:263, 295) chose a specimen in LD as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini, 1837:330 [type locality: Euganean ther? mal springs, Veneto, Italy].?Agor, 1962:33.?Velasquez, 1980:127, table 1.?Martinez, 1984:43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:266, 295), after examining the holotype of this species (in FI), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Lyngbya mesotricha Skuja Lyngbya mesotricha Skuja, 1949:54 [type locality: Burma (Rangoon fide Drouet, 1968:54, 87)]?Fortes and Trono, 1980:53.?Martinez, 1984:43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:54, 87) chose a specimen in PH as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont. Lyngbya rosea W.R. Taylor Lyngbya rosea W.R. Taylor, 1928:45, pi. 1: fig. 22 [type locality: Dry Tortugas, Florida, USA].?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:37. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:91, 95), after examining the holotype of this species (in the personal herbarium of W.R. Taylor), assigned it to Schizothrix mexicana Gomont. Kutzing (1843b:221), which he referred to Schizothrix mex? icana Gomont. When establishing Lyngbya sordida, however, Gomont listed Leibleinia capillacea as a species inquirenda, so that the two names do not share the same type. For the distribution of Lyngbya sordida, Gomont gave several local? ities in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea as well as the Antilles and Tonga. When later starting points in Cyanophyceae are abandoned, as in the present catalog, L. sordida is seen to be a superfluous name, since Gomont included in its synonymy several legitimate names, the ear? liest being Leibleinia polychroa and L. violacea, both pub? lished by Meneghini (1844:304) and both transferred to Lyngbya by Rabenhorst (1847:83 and 1865:144, respec? tively). The type specimens of the Meneghini species should be in his herbarium in FI, but Drouet chose specimens distributed by Meneghini and housed in L. We herewith choose the type of Leibleinia polychroa as the lectotype of Lyngbya sordida. Gomont did not purposely by-pass Me- neghini's names; rather, he thought that Calothrix sordida Zanardini (1843:63) was an earlier available name. That name was published without a description, however, and is thus invalid. Moreover, Lyngbya sordida Gomont is a later homonym of L. sordida P. Crouan and H. Crouan (in Maze and Schramm, 1878:21), based on Leibleinia sordida Kiitz? ing (1845:179), an illegitimate substitute name for Calothrix luteofusca C. Agardh (1827:635). Microcoleus Desmazieres Microcoleus acutissimus Gardner Lyngbya semiplena (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Calothrix semiplena C. Agardh, 1827:634 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Lyngbya semiplena (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1842:1 L?Agor, 1962:33.? Velasquez, 1962a:319, pi. 3: fig. 66.?Reyes, 1978:140, pi. 1: figs. 11, 12.?Martinez, 1984:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:264-265, 295), after examining the holotype of this species (in LD), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Lyngbya sordida Gomont Lyngbya sordida Gomont, 1893[ 1892-1893]: 126, pi. 2: fig. 21 [lectotype locality: Dalmatian coast of Yugoslavia; see Note].?Velasquez, 1940:270; 1962a:316, pi. 3: fig. 64.?Cordero, 1976c: 14, fig. B . ? Martinez, 1984:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:88) treated Lyngbya sordida Go? mont as a nomenclatural synonym of Leibleinia capillacea Microcoleus acutissimus Gardner, 1927a:55, pi. 11: fig. 2 [type locality: Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico].?Velasquez, 1962a:332, pi. 6: figs. 89, 89a.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:54.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:47. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:135, 139), after examining the holotype of this species (in NY), assigned it to Schizothrix tenerrima (Gomont) Drouet. Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont, 1892[1892-1893]:355, pi. 14: figs. 9-11 [lectotype locality: Guadeloupe fide Drouet, 1968:135, 139]. Schizothrix tenerrima (Gomont) Drouet, 1968:135 [including Philippine record on page 140]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?This record (Velasquez 723) had previously been published under Microcoleus acutissimus (Velasquez, 1962a:332). NUMBER 27 11 Oscillatoria Vaucher Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) P. Crouan and H. Crouan Oscillaria bonnemaisonii P. Crouan and H. Crouan in Desmazieres, 1858: no. 537 [type locality: passage de Plougastel, Finistere, France]. Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) P. Crouan and H. Crouan, 1860:371.?Velasquez, 1950:315; 1962a:288, pi. 1: fig. 16.? Cordero, 1976c: 10, 15, figs, c, D.?Velasquez, 1980:127, table 1.? Martinez, 1984:57. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. MINDORO: Orien? tal Mindoro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:274, 296) chose a specimen in PC as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Oscillatoria corallinae (Kutzing) Gomont Leibleinia corallinae Kutzing, 1849:276 [type locality: "ad oras gallicas boreales" (Arromanches-les-Bains, Calvados, France fide Drouet, 1968:272, 296)]. Oscillatoria corallinae (Kutzing) Gomont, 1893[1892-1893]:218.?Velas? quez, 1962a:288, pi. 1: fig. 17.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:272, 296), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Oscillatoria curviceps C. Agardh Oscillatoria curviceps C. Agardh, 1824:68 [type locality: "In stagnis Scan- iae" (near Lund, Sweden fide Drouet, 1968:264, 291)].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:52.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:264, 291), after examining the holotype of this species (in LD), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Oscillatoria nigroviridis Thwaites Oscillatoria nigroviridis Thwaites in Harvey, 1849 [1847-1851]: pi. C C L L A ["nigro-viridis"] [type locality: Shirehampton near Bristol, Eng? land].?Velasquez, 1962a:293, pi. 2: fig. 24.?Fortes and Trono , 1980:52.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:63. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:145, 154) chose a specimen in K (now in BM) as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Porphyrosiphon notarisii (Meneghini) Kutzing. Oscillatoria sancta (Kutzing) Gomont Oscillaria sancta Kutzing, 1847b:30, pi. 42: fig. VII [type locality: "In der 'Aequa santa'" (near Roma, Italy fide Drouet, 1968:270, 294)]. Oscillatoria sancta (Kutzing) Gomont, 1893[ 1892-1893]:209.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:53, fig. 1.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Martinez, 1984:65. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:270, 294), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Phormidium Kutzing Phormidium ambiguum Gomont Amphithrix amoena Kutzing, 1843b:220 [type locality: Nordhausen, East Germany]. Phormidium ambiguum Gomont, 1893[ 1892-1893]: 178, pi. 5: fig. 10.? Velasquez, 1962a:306, pi. 3: fig. 50.?Martinez, 1984:68. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur. NOTE.?Phormidium ambiguum was proposed as a substi? tute name for Amphithrix amoena Kutzing in consideration of the prior existence of P. amoenum Kutzing (1843b: 192). Drouet (1968:232, 246), after examining the holotype of A. amoena (in L), assigned it to Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont. The Ilocos Sur record, however, was referred by Drouet (1968:307) to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kutzing) Gomont Oscillaria margaritifera Kutzing, 1847b:31, pi. 43: fig. X [type locality: Calvados, France]. Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kutzing) Gomont, 1893[1892-1893]:216.?Ve? lasquez, 1962a:293, pi. 2: fig. 23.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:36, fig. lb.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:6.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Martinez, 1984:62. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:270, 296), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden, 1909: no. 645 [type locality: Waianae, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Velasquez, 1940:271; 1950:316; 1955:165, pi. I: fig. 20; 1962a:304, pi. 2: fig. 46; 1971:427, fig. 2.?Reyes, 1972:135.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159.?Cordero, 1976c:10, 15; 1981d:63, fig. 3.?Martinez, 1984:68. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:48, 83), after examining the holo? type of this species (in MIN), assigned it to Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont. 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann, 1905:619, pi. VII: figs. 4, 5 [type locality: Laysan Islet, Hawaiian Is.].?Agor, 1962:33.?Martinez, 1984:69. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:213), on the basis of the original description, assigned this species to Oscillatoria erythraea (Ehrenberg) Drouet. Although the latter species (better known as Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg) is generally planktonic, Agor (I.e.) reported his material as being epi? phytic on brown algae. Phormidium penicillatum Gomont Phormidium penicillatum Gomont, 1893:LXXXVIII, pi. IV: figs. 5-7; in Jadin, 1893:CLix ["penicellatum"] [type locality: Saint-Gilles, Re? union].?Velasquez, 1962a:306.?Martinez, 1984:70. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:204, 212), after examining the holotype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Oscillatoria submembranacea (Ardissone and Strafforello) Drouet. Phormidium persicinum (Reinke) Gomont Lyngbya persicina Reinke, 1889:91 [type locality: Kieler Bucht, West Ger? many]. Phormidium persicinum (Reinke) Gomont, 1893[ 1892-1893]: 164.?Velas? quez, 1962a:301, pi. 2: fig. 41?Reyes , 1978:139, pi. 1: figs. 5, 6.? Martinez, 1984:70. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:43, 68) chose a specimen in PC as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont. Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont Oscillaria submembranacea Ardissone and Strafforello, 1877:65 [type lo? cality: Porto Maurizio, Liguria, Italy]. Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont, 1893[I892-1893]:180. Oscillatoria submembranacea (Ardissone and Strafforello) Drouet, 1968: 203 [including Philippine records on page 212]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?These records were previously published as Phormidium penicillatum Gomont by Velasquez (1962a:306). Phormidium tinctorium Kutzing Phormidium tinctorium Kutzing, 1847b:35, pi. 49: fig. Ill [type locality: Falaise, Calvados, France].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:171, pi. 1: fig. 2.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159?Martinez, 1984:71. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:100, 105), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Schizothrix friesii (C. Agardh) Gomont. Phormidium valderiae (Delponte) Schmidle Leptothrix valderiae Delponte in Garelli. 1857:35 ["valderia"] [type locality: Valdieri, Piemonte, Italy]. Phormidium valderiae (Delponte) Schmidle, 1901:100, footnote. Phormidium valdenanum Gomont, 1893[ 1892-1893]: 167?Velasquez, 1955:164, pi. I: fig. 19; 1962a:305, pi. 3: fig. 48.?Martinez, 1984:72. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. NOTE.?Phormidium valderianum was proposed as a sub? stitute name for Leptothrix valderiae. When later starting points are abandoned, the correct name for this species becomes P. valderiae. Drouet (1968:38, 71) chose a speci? men in PC as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont. Schizothrix Kutzing Schizothrix mexicana Gomont Schizothrix mexicana Gomont, 1892[1892-1893]:304 [type locality: Rio Guatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico).?Drouet, 1968:98. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CEBU. N O T E . ? T h e Mindoro records (Velasquez 871, 988) had previously been published under Lyngbya majuscula (Velas? quez, 1962a:320) and L. sordida (Velasquez, 1962a:3l7), respectively. Sirocoleum Kutzing Sirocoleum kurzii (Zeller) Gomont Chthonoblastus kurzii Zeller, 1873:178 [type locality: Elephant Point, Pegu, Burma]. Sirocoleum kurzii (Zeller) Gomont, 1892[1892-1893]:349. Porphyrosiphon kurzii (Zeller) Drouet, 1968:162 [including Philippine rec? ord on page 164]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Spirulina Turpin Spirulina major Kutzing Spirulina major Kutzing, 1843b: 183 [lectotype locality: Weissenfels, East Germany fide Drouet, 1968:17, 20].?Velasquez, 1980:127, table 1.?Martinez, 1984:82. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:17, 20) chose a specimen in L as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Spirulina subsalsa Oersted. NUMBER 27 13 Symploca Kutzing Symploca howei Gardner Symploca howei Gardner, 1932:283, fig. 1, pi. 2: fig. 9 [type locality: Cayo Don Luis near Point Montalva, Puerto Rico].?Velasquez and Soriano, 1957:486.?Reyes, 1972:135.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975: 163.?Reyes, 1978:140, pi. 2: fig. 1, 2.?Martinez, 1984:85. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:92, 95), after examining the holo? type of this species (in NY), assigned it to Schizothrix mexi? cana Gomont. Symploca hydnoides (Harvey) Kutzing Calothrix hydnoides Harvey, 1833:368 [type locality: Appin, Argyll, Scot? land]. Symploca hydnoides (Harvey) Kutzing, 1849:272.?Velasquez, 1962a:312, pi. 3: fig. 59.?Reyes, 1972:136.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:164.?Reyes, 1978:140, pi. I: figs. 13, 14.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:7.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:94.?Martinez, 1984:85. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental, CEBU. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:310; 1973:177, 185) chose a spec? imen in LD as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Symploca laeteviridis Gomont Symploca laeteviridis Gomont, 1893[1892-1893]:109, pi. 2: figs. 6-8 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Velasquez, 1955:168, pi. II: fig. 28; 1962a:311, pi. 3: fig. 58.?Martinez, 1984:85. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Drouet (1968:111, 118), after examining the holotype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Schizothrix arenaria (Berkeley) Gomont. Family RIVULARIACEAE Calothrix C. Agardh Calothrix aeruginea (Kutzing) Thuret Leibleinia aeruginea Kutzing, 1843b:221 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Calothrix aeruginea (Kutzing) Thuret , 1875:381.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:54, fig. 2.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:168, 184), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Calothrix confervicola (Dillwyn) C. Agardh Conferva confervicola Dillwyn, 1802 [1802-1809]: pi. 8 [lectotype locality: Aberystwyth, Wales fide Drouet, 1973:164]. Calothrix confervicola (Dillwyn) C. Agardh, 1824:70.?Velasquez, 1962a:353, pi. 10: fig. 125.?Martinez, 1984:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.). NOTE.?Drouet (1973:163-164) chose a specimen in OXF as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Calothrix contarenii (Zanardini) Bornet and Flahault Rivularia contarenii Zanardini, 1840a: 134 [lectotype locality: Venezia, Italy fide Drouet, 1973:167, 184]. Calothrix contarenii (Zanardini) Bornet and Flahault, 1886a [1886- 1888]:355.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:7.?Martinez, 1984:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:166-167, 184) chose a specimen in PC as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Calothrix crustacea Thuret Calothrix crustacea Thuret in Bornet and Thuret , 1876:13, pi. IV: figs. 1-6 [lectotype locality: Tangiers, Morocco fide Drouet, 1973:175, 186].?Fan, 1956:176.?Drouet, 1973:194.?Martinez, 1984:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Sur. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?These records have also been reported as fol? lows: Cagayan under Calothrix confervicola (Velasquez, 1962a:353), Ilocos Sur under C. parietina (Fan, 1956:168), Oriental Mindoro (Velasquez 1076) under Brachytrichia ma? culans (Velasquez, 1962a: 356), Palawan under Rivularia bullata (Velasquez, 1962a:355), and Tawitawi under Calo? thrix pilosa (Velasquez, 1955:181). Calothrix epiphytica W. West and G.S. West Calothrix epiphytica W. West and G.S. West, 1897:240 [type locality: Mossamedes, Angola].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172, pi. 1: fig. 6.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130.?Martinez, 1984:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:121,150) chose a specimen in UC as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Calothrix parietina (Nageli ex Kutzing) Thuret . Calothrix parietina (Nageli ex Kutzing) Thuret Schizosiphon parietinus Nageli ex Kutzing, 1849:327 [type locality: Zurich, Switzerland]. Calothrix parietina (Nageli ex Kutzing) Thuret , 1875:381.?Fan, 1956: 168.?Martinez, 1984:29. 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur. NOTE.?This record has also been reported under Phor? midium ambiguum (Velasquez, 1962a:306) and Calothrix crustacea (Drouet, 1973:194). Calothrix pilosa Harvey Calothrix pilosa Harvey, 1858:106, pi. XLVIlI .c [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Velasquez, 1940:269; 1950:323; 1955:181, pi. V: figs. 57a, 57ft.?Fan, 1956:171-172.?Velasquez, 1962a:353, pi. 10: figs. 123, 123a.?Martinez, 1984:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:39, 77) chose a specimen in K (in BM) as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Scytonema hofmannii C. Agardh [= 5. hofman-bangii C. Agardh]. Calothrix robusta Setchell and Gardner Calothrix robusta Setchell and Gardner in Gardner, 1918:473, pi. 40: fig. 22 [type locality: Cypress Point, Monterey County, California, USA].? Velasquez, 1950:324.?Martinez, 1984:30. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:177, 190), after examining the holotype of this species (in UC), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Calothrix scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) C. Agardh Conferva scopulorum Weber and Mohr, 1804:195, pi. 3: fig. 3 [type locality: Varberg, Sweden]. Calothrix scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) C. Agardh, 1824:70.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:54.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Martinez, 1984:30. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:164, 183) chose a specimen in K (in BM) as the lectotype of this species and assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Calothrix viguieri Fremy Calothrix viguieri Fremy, 1930:252, fig. 226 [type locality: Gabon].? Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172, pi. 1: fig. 5.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:1 30.?Martinez, 1984:30. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:131), on the basis of the original description, assigned this species to Calothrix parietina (Na? geli ex Kutzing) Thuret. Dichothrix Zanardini Dichothrix gypsophila (Kutzing) Bornet and Flahault Schizosiphon gypsophilus Kiitzing, 1843b:234, pi. 6: fig. II [type locality: "An Gypswanden des sudlichen Harzes" (Sachswerfen, near Nordhau? sen, East Germany fide Drouet, 1973:104)]. Dichothrix gypsophila (Kutzing) Bornet and Flahault, 1886a [1886- 1888]:377.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172, pi. 1: fig. 4.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140.?Martinez, 1984:35. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:103-104, 145), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Calothrix parietina (Nageli ex Kutzing) Thuret . Gardnerula De Toni f. Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De Toni f. Microcoleus corymbosus Harvey, 1858:109, pi. XLVIII:B [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA], Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De Toni f., 1936:[5].?Velasquez, 1940:270; 1950:327; 1962a:355, pi. 10: figs. 128, 128a, 128*.?Reyes, 1978:142, pi. 2: figs. 14-17.?Martinez, 1984:37. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:173, 189), after examining the holotype of this species (in TCD), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret. Rivularia C. Agardh Rivularia bullata (Poiret) Berkeley Ulva bullata Poiret, 1808:175 [type locality: Siriac, Bretagne, France]. Rivularia bullata (Poiret) Berkeley, 1833:8.?Velasquez, 1962a:355, pi. 10: fig. 127.?Reyes, 1978:141, pi. 2: figs. 12, 13.?Martinez, 1984:75. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:165, 185), after examining the holotype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Rivularia mesenterica (Kutzing) Thuret Heteractis mesenterica Kutzing, 1843b:236 [type locality: Pula, Yugo? slavia]. Rivularia mesenterica (Kutzing) Thuret , 1875:382.?Reyes, 1978:141, pi. 2: figs. 7-9.?Martinez, 1984:76. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:168-169, 184), after examining the holotype of this species (in L), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Rivularia nitida C. Agardh Rivularia nitida C. Agardh, 1812 [1810-1812]:44 [type locality: Stock? holm, Sweden].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:55, fig. 3.?Fortes, 1981b: 396.?Martinez, 1984:76. NUMBER 27 15 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:165, 183), being unable to find original material of this species, chose a specimen in LD (from Bastad, Sweden) as a neotype and assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Rivularia polyotis (J. Agardh) Hauck Diplotrichia polyotis]. Agardh, 1842:10 [type locality: Pag I., Yugoslavia]. Rivularia polyotis (J. Agardh) Hauck, 1884 [ 1883-1885]:495.?Reyes, 1978:141, pi. 2: figs. iO, 11.?Martinez, 1984:76. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:167-168, 184), after examining the holotype of this species (in LD), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . Family SCYTONEMATACEAE Scytonema C. Agardh Scytonema hofman-bangii C. Agardh Scytonema hofman-bangii C. Agardh, 1812 [ 1810-1812]:39 ["hojfman-ban- gii"] [type locality: Jader, Vastmanland, Sweden]. Scytonema hofmanii C. Agardh, 1817:117 ["hofmannii"].?Velasquez, 1950:325; 1962a:363, pi. 12: fig. 138?Drouet , 1973:91-92?Mart i? nez. 1984:79. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Scytonema hofmannii was proposed as a substitute name for S. hoffman-bangii. Both epithets commemorate the Danish botanist, Niels Hofman Bang (for whom the red alga Bangia is also named), so that neither is correctly spelled. When later starting points are abandoned, the correct name for this species becomes Scytonema hofman- bangii. The Quezon record was previously published under Calothrix pilosa (Velasquez, 1940:270). Order STIGONEMATALES Family MASTIGOCLADACEAE Brachytrichia Zanardini Brachytrichia maculans Gomont Brachytrichia maculans Gomont, 1901:210, pi. 5: figs. 5-7 [type locality: Lem Dan, Ko Chang Archipelago, Thailand].?Velasquez, 1962a: 356.?Martinez, 1984:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Drouet (1973:177, 194), after examining the holotype of this species (in PC), assigned it to Calothrix crustacea Thuret . MINDORO: Oriental Min- Brachytrichia quoyi (C. Agardh) Bornet and Flahault Nostoc quoyi C. Agardh, 1824:22 ["quoji"] [type locality: Mariana Is.]. Brachytrichia quoyi (C. Agardh) Bornet and Flahault, 1886b [1886- 1888]:373.?Velasquez, 1940:270; 1950:325; 1955:180, pi. V: fig 55.?Velasquez and Soriano, 1957:486.?Velasquez, 1962a:356, pi 11: fig. 129.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:11, fig. 2.?Velasquez 1971:428, fig. 4?Reyes , 1972:135.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty 1975:130.?Drouet, 1981:107.?Fortes, 1981 b:396.?Cordero 1984a:69.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:65, fig. 3.?Cordero 1984b:57.?Martinez, 1984:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.). RECONCILIATION WITH THE DROUETIAN SYSTEM Philippine Cyanophyceae arranged according to the Drouetian classification (synonyms indented beneath ac? cepted names): Order Chroococcales Family Chamaesiphonaceae Entophysalis conferta (Kutzing) Drouet and Daily Family Chroococcaceae Anacystis aeruginosa (Zanardini) Drouet and Daily Order Hormogonales Family Nostocaceae Anabaina oscillarioides Bory de Saint-Vincent Anabaina pseudoscillatoria Bory de Saint-Vincent Hormothamnium enteromorphoides Grunow H. solutum Bornet and Grunow Calothrix crustacea Thuret Brachytrichia maculans Gomont Calothrix aeruginea (Kutzing) Thure t C. confervicola (Dillwyn) C. Agardh C. contarenii (Zanardini) Bornet and Flahault C. robusta Setchell and Gardner C. scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) C. Agardh Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De Toni f. Rivularia bullata (Poiret) Berkeley R. mesenterica (Kutzing) Thuret R. nitida C. Agardh R. polyotis (J. Agardh) Hauck Symploca hydnoides (Harvey) Kutzing Calothrix parietina (Nageli ex Kutzing) Thure t Calothrix epiphytica W. West and G.S. West C. viguieri Fremy Dichothrix gypsophila (Kutzing) Bornet and Flahault Scytonema hofmannii C. Agardh [= 5. hofman-bangii C. Agardh] Calothrix pilosa Harvey Family Oscillatoriaceae Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) P. Crouan and H. Crouan Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kutzing H. cantharidosmum (Montagne) Gomont H. comoides (Harvey) Gomont H. glutinosum (C. Agardh) Gomont Lyngbya aestuarii (Mertens) Liebman L. confervoides C. Agardh L. ferruginea C. Agardh L. majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES L. martensiana Meneghini L. semiplena (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) P. Crouan and H. Crouan O. corallinae (Kutzing) Gomont O. curviceps C. Agardh O. margaritifera (Kutzing) Gomont O. sancta (Kutzing) Gomont M. vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont Phormidium ambiguum Gomont Oscillatoria erythrea (Ehrenberg) Drouet Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann 0. lutea C. Agardh Lyngbya lutea (C. Agardh) J.E. Areschoug O. submembranacea (Ardissone and Strafforello) Drouet Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont P. penicillatum Gomont Porphyrosiphon kurzii (Zeller) Drouet Sirocoleum kurzii (Zeller) Gomont P. notarisii (Meneghini ex Kutzing) Kutzing Oscillatoria nigroviridis Thwaites Schizothrix arenaria (Berkeley) Gomont Symploca laeteviridis Gomont S. calcicola (C. Agardh) Gomont Lyngbya infixa Fremy L. mesotricha Skuja Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden P. persicinum (Reinke) Gomont P. valderiae (Delponte) Schmidle S.friesii (C. Agardh) Gomont Phormidium tinctorium Kutzing S. mexicana Gomont Lyngbya rosea W.R. Taylor L. sordida Gomont [uncertain; see entry in Catalog] Symploca howei Gardner 5. tenerrima (Gomont) Drouet Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont M. acutissimus Gardner Spirulina subsalsa Oersted Spirulina major Kutzing Family Stigonemataceae Brachytrichia quoyi (C. Agardh) Bornet and Flahault Class RHODOPHYCEAE Subclass BANGIOPHYCIDAE Order GONIOTRICHALES Family GONIOTRICHACEAE Chroodactylon Hansgirg Chroodactylon ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson Conferva ornata C. Agardh, 1824:104 [type locality: Lake Malaren, Stock? holm, Sweden]. Asterocytis ornata (C. Agardh) Hamel, 1924:451.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380 ["Asterocystis"].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:25. Chroodactylon ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson, 1979:67. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. Goniotrichum Kutzing Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe Bangia alsidii Zanardini, 1840a: 136 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe, 1914:75.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:380. Bangia elegans Chauvin, 1842:33 [type locality: Arromanches-les-Bains, Calvados, France]. Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Zanardini, 1847:249.?Weber-van Bosse, 1921:187.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Chan, 1981: 387.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:25, pi. I: fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.) N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Bangia alsidii and Goniotri? chum elegans was proposed by Zanardini (1873:457), who, however, considered B. alsidii a variety of G. elegans. The varietal distinction is not usually recognized, but if it is, G. elegans must be subordinated to G. alsidii. Order BANGIALES Family ERYTHROPELTIDACEAE Erythrocladia Rosenvinge Erythrocladia irregularis Rosenvinge Erythrocladia irregularis Rosenvinge, 1909:72, figs. 11, 12 [type locality: M#llegrund off Hirshals, Denmark]. Erythrocladia subintegra Rosenvinge, 1909:73, figs. 13, 14 [syntype locali? ties: two, off Hirshals, Denmark].?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:15, fig. 14.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Manila. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Erythrocladia irregularis and E. subintegra was proposed by Heerebout (1968:141). The latter species was treated as a forma of E. irregularis by Garbary, Hansen, and Scagel (1981:154). Erythrocladia pinnata W.R. Taylor Erythrocladia pinnata W.R. Taylor, 1942:75, pi. 2: figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Tobago I., West Indies].?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Erythrotrichia J.E. Areschoug Erythrotrichia bangioides Levring Erythrotrichia bangioides Levring, 1955:410, fig. 1 [syntype localities: var? ious, all in New Zealand].?Saraya and Trono , 1982:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Erythrotrichia biseriata Tanaka Erythrotrichia biseriata Tanaka, 1944:86, fig. 8 [syntype localities: Kasho- to, Taiwan; Hachijo-jima, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:33, figs. 1, 2 .? Saraya and Trono, 1982:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Erythrotrichia parietalis Tanaka Erythrotrichia parietalis Tanaka, 1952:18, fig. 10 [type locality: Takamatsu, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:34, fig. 3.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite (Corregidor I.), CENTRAL VISAYAS. Family BANGIACEAE Bangia Lyngbye Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh Conferva atropurpurea Roth, 1806:208, pi. VI [type locality: Bremen, West Germany]. Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh, 1824:76. Conferva fuscopurpurea Dillwyn, 1807 [1802-1809]: pi. 92 ["fusco-purpu- rea"\ [type locality: Dunraven Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales]. 17 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, 1819:83, pi. 24:c.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.?Calumpong, 1982:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Apo I.). N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Bangia fuscopurpurea (ma? rine) and B. atropurpurea (freshwater) was proposed by den Hartog (1972) and Geesink (1973). Bangia yamadae Tanaka Bangia yamadae Tanaka, 1944:84, figs. 6, 7 ["yamadai"] [type locality: Hoko-to (P'eng-hu), Taiwan].?Cordero, 1977a:34, figs. 4, 5. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite (Corregidor I.). N O T E . ? I n forming an epithet intended to commemorate a personal name ending in the letter a, the letter e is added regardless of gender. Thus Yamada yields yamadae and Okamura yields okamurae (used in several species in this catalog). Porphyra C. Agardh Porphyra atropurpurea (Olivi) De Toni Ulva atropurpurea Olivi, 1794:153, pis. I?III ["atro-purpurea"] [type local? ity: Venezia, Italy]. Porphyra atropurpurea (Olivi) De Toni, 1897:17.?Zaneveld, 1956:24; 1959:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos. Porphyra crispata Kjellman Porphyra crispata Kjellman, 1897a: 15, pi. 1: figs. 4, 5; pi. 3: figs. 5-7; pi. 5: fig. 15 [type locality: Goto, Japan].?Domantay, 1962:293.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:501, pi. 3: figs. 8a-c; pi. 7: figs. 11a,b.?Velasquez, 1968a:121, fig. 6.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 8.?Velasquez, 1971:446, fig. 25; 1972:63.?Cordero, 1974c:138, fig. 2.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161?Cordero, 1977a:36, figs. 6 -8 ; 1979a:21, fig. 1.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:38, fig. 4 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67.?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:78.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981 :22?Trono and Fortes, 1982:149.?Cordero, 1984a:86.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a: 17; 1984b: 124.?Tungpa? lan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Batangas. Porphyra denticulata Levring Porphyra denticulata Levring, 1953:467, figs. 5, 6 A - G [syntype localities: various, all in Queensland, Australia].?Quisumbing, 1951:1011. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. *Porphyra marcosii Cordero Porphyra marcosii Cordero, 1976b: 15, figs, A - H , pi. 1 [type locality: Dirique Bay, Burgos, Ilocos Norte Prov., Luzon].?Cordero, 1974c: 139, fig. 4 [Porphyra sp.]; 1977a:36, figs. 9, 9a, pi. I:A; 1979a:22, fig. 2; 1980b:38, fig. 5, pi. 25; 1984a:87.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:19; 1984b: 124.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Porphyra suborbiculata Kjellman Porphyra suborbiculata Kjellman, 1897a: 10, pi. 1: figs. 1-3; pi. 2: figs. 5 - 9; pi. 5: figs. 4 -7 [type locality: Goto, Japan].?Cordero, 1974c:138, fig. 3; 1977a:37, figs. 10, 11; 1979a:23, fig. 3; 1980b:39, fig. 6, pis. 26, [55].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:149.?Cordero, 1984a:86.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:19, fig. 14; 1984b: 124.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. Norte, Cavite (Corregidor L). -LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Porphyra variegata (Kjellman) Kjellman Diploderma variegatum Kjellman, 1889:33, pi. II: figs. 1-4 [type locality: Bering I., USSR]. Porphyra variegata (Kjellman) Kjellman in Hus, 1900:69.?Velasquez et al., 1973:25, pi. 9: fig. 43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. Subclass F L O R I D E O P H Y C I D A E Order ACROCHAETIALES Family ACROCHAETIACEAE Deliberations leading to the choice of the classification of acrochaetioid algae employed here are given in the ap? pended Nomenclatural Notes. Acrochaetium Nageli Acrochaetium gracile B0rgesen Acrochaetium gracile B^rgesen, 1915:26, figs. 19, 20 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Abbott, 1962:115, fig. 17.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126.?Cordero, 1977a:38, fig. 12.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:15.?Chan, 1981:387. ?Fortes, 1981b:396. NUMBER 27 19 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Acrochaetium hallandicum (Kylin) Hamel Chantransia hallandica Kylin, 1906:123, fig. 8 [type locality: Halland coast of Sweden]. Acrochaetium hallandicum (Kylin) Hamel, 1927:20, 82. Acrochaetium sargassi B^rgesen, 1915: 17, figs. 7-10 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Chantransia hallandica and Acrochaetium sargassi was proposed by Woelkerling (1973:84). Acrochaetium seriatum Brgesen Acrochaetium seriatum Brgesen, 1915:32, figs. 25 -28 [syntype localities: various, all in Virgin Is.].?Abbott, 1962:113, fig. 15.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Acrochaetium sinicola (Dawson) Papenfuss Rhodochorton sinicola Dawson, 1944:256, pi. 41 : figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Isla Turner , near Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico].?Cornejo and Velas? quez, 1972:177, pi. 2: fig. 15.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161. Acrochaetium sinicola (Dawson) Papenfuss, 1945:317 ["sinicolum"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Acrochaetium hancockii (Dawson) Papenfuss Rhodochorton hancockii Dawson, 1944:255, pi. 41 : figs. 4 -6 [type locality: Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Baja California Norte, Mexico]. Acrochaetium hancockii (Dawson) Papenfuss, 1945:306.?Cornejo and Ve? lasquez, 1972:178, pi. 2: fig. 16; pi. 4: fig. 33.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:27, pi. I: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Acrochaetium liagorae B^rgesen Acrochaetium liagorae B0rgesen, 1915:57, figs. 60-62 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Abbott, 1962:100, figs. 8a,d,j, 9.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (Cagayan Sulu Is.). * Acrochaetium nitidulum Abbott Acrochaetium nitidulum Abbott, 1962:95, fig. 6 [type locality: Gnat Reef, Balabac I., Palawan Prov.].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Acrochaetium papenfussii Abbott Acrochaetium papenfussii Abbott, 1962:97, fig. 7 [type locality: Cagayan Sulu I., Palawan Prov.].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Acrochaetium robustum Brgesen Acrochaetium robustum B^rgesen, 1915:40, figs. 38-40 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:38, figs. 13, 14.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CEBU (Mactan I.). Acrochaetium trichogloeae B^rgesen Acrochaetium trichogloeae B^rgesen, 1952:13, figs. 6, 7 [type locality: Barkly 1., Mauritius].?Abbott, 1962:93, figs. bb-i.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Cagayan Sulu Is.). Acrochaetium tuticorinense B^rgesen Acrochaetium tuticorinense B0rgesen, 1937:30, figs. 15, 16 [type locality: Tuticorin, India].?Abbott, 1962:114, fig. 16.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Order PALMARIALES Family PALMARIACEAE Palmaria Stackhouse Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) Kuntze Fucus palmatus Linnaeus, 1753:1162 [type locality: "in Oceano"]. Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) Kuntze, 1891:909.?Cordero, 1977a: 173; 1978a:43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Order NEMALIALES Family NEMALIACEAE Trichogloea Kutzing Trichogloea requienii (Montagne) Kutzing Batrachospermum requienii Montagne, 1843b:355 [type locality: Red Sea]. Trichogloea requienii (Montagne) Kutzing, 1847a:54.?Cordero, 1977a: 48, fig. 26, pi. I:c; 1984a:87. 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Que? zon. Family DERMONEMATACEAE Dermonema Harvey ex Heydrich Dermonema frappieri (Montagne and Millardet) Brgesen Cladosiphon frappieri Montagne and Millardet, 1862:20, pi. XXVI: fig. 1 [type locality: Reunion]. Dermonema frappieri (Montagne and Millardet) Brgesen, 1909:4, fig. 3, pi. I ["schrammi"] [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.] [Helminthocladia schrammi Crouan freres in Maze and Schramm, 1878:177, nomen subnudum]. Liagoropsis schrammii (B^rgesen) Doty and Abbott, 1964:443 [including Philippine record, pages 445-448].?Trono, 1973a: 129, fig. 14.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon. Yamadaella Abbott *Yamadaella caenomyce (Decaisne) Abbott Liagora caenomyce Decaisne, 1842:119 [type locality: Manila, Luzon].? Montagne, 1844a:659.?Martens, 1868:88-89.?J. Agardh, 1876:518.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:29, fig. 32?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:178.?Reyes, 1972:151.?Velasquez et al., 1973:25, pi. 9: fig. 44.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Reyes, 1980:128, pi. 5: fig. 1.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 125. Yamadaella caenomyce (Decaisne) Abbott, 1970:117 ["cenomyce"] [including Philippine records].?Cordero, 1977a:48, fig. 16; 1979b:287; 1980b:43, fig. 7.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:127. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO ( A g o n o y I . ) . Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE Helminthocladia J. Agardh Helminthocladia australis Harvey Helminthocladia australis Harvey, 1863: pi. CCLXXII [type locality: Fre- mantle, Western Australia, Australia].?Cordero, 1977a:40, fig. 15. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan. Liagora Lamouroux Liagora boergesenii Yamada Liagora boergesenii Yamada, 1938a: l l , figs. 5, 6, pi. 2 [syntype localities: Yonakuni-jima, Ryukyu-retto, Japan; Kasho-to, Taiwan].?Reyes, 1972:151.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1977a:43, pi. II :A; 1980b:41.?Reyes, 1980:128, pi. 5: fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Quezon, CATANDUANES. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SI? QUIJOR. PALAWAN. SULU. Liagora canariensis B^rgesen Liagora canariensis Brgesen, Chou, and Papen? fuss. The greatest reduction of species is to be found in the monograph by Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982). Many taxonomic decisions incorporated in that paper do not agree with those of previous workers. In none of these investigations has static comparative morphology been sup? ported by culture studies. In a recent paper, Magruder (1984) determined by culture studies that G. oblongata had a life cycle involving a small filamentous tetrasporophyte. Magruder's discovery, while not affecting this catalog di? rectly, emphasizes the need to broaden the scope of taxon? omic study in Galaxaura. Meanwhile, the taxonomic scheme of Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang provides a useful frame? work. Actinotrichia Decaisne Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskal) Brgesen Fucus fragilis Forsskal, 1775:190 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskal) B^rgesen, 1932:6.?Villones and Mag? damo, 1968:28, fig. 24.?Reyes, 1972:152.?Trono and Bina, 1973:2.?Cordero, 1973b:28.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186-188 (tables 2-4) ["fragilissima"].?Trono, 1974b:84.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1975:272, figs. 2, 3.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126.?Cordero, 1977a:50, figs. 28, 202, pi. I V : A . ? T r o n o and Young, 1977:59.? Trono, 1978:15.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:14.?Cordero, 1979b:287.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:35.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.? Trono and De Lara, 1981:13.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:31, pi. I l l : fig. 2.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:127.?Cordero, 1984a:88; 1984b:63; 1984c:54.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:22, fig. 17. Galaxaura rigida Lamouroux, 1816:265, pi. VIII: fig. 4 [type locality: "la mer des Indes"]. Actinotrichia rigida (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842:118.?Montagne, 1844a:659.?Dickie, 1874a: 196.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite (Corregidor I.), Batan? gas, Quezon, Manila Bay. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occi? dental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARIN? DUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga, Davao. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by B^rgesen (1932:6). Galaxaura Lamouroux Kjellman (1900), using anatomy as a primary criterion, recognized 62 species of Galaxaura, 47 of which were new. Certain sections and subsections contained only tetraspo- rophytes or only sexual plants. Efforts to match tetraspo- rophytes with sexual plants and otherwise to reduce the number of recognized species have been made by subse- Galaxaura apiculata Kjellman Galaxaura apiculata Kjellman, 1900:74, pi. 12: figs. 13-26; pi. 20: fig. 36 [type locality: Ski, Japan].?Chou, 1945:51, pi. V: figs. 13-19; pi. IX: fig. 1.?Mefiez, 1961:71, pi. 7: figs. 69 -72 .?Trono and Santiago, 1970:73. pi. I l l : figs. 3-7.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:178.? Trono, 1974b:85.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:144.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:29, pi. II: fig. 2. Galaxaura acuminata Kjellman ex Butters, 1911:180, pi. XXIV: figs. 17- 19 [type locality: Waianae, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:52, fig. 31 , pi. IX :A.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:36.?Cordero, 1984a:88. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Chou (1945:51). Galaxaura arborea Kjellman Galaxaura arborea Kjellman, 1900:72, pi. 11: figs. 1-11; pi. 20: fig. 39 [type locality: Australia].?Chou, 1945:50, pi. V: figs. 1-5; pi. X: figs. 1, 2.?Mefiez, 1961:70, pi. 7: figs. 76, 78.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:54, fig. 29, pi. X:A; 1978a: 15.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:128.?Cordero, 1984a:88. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Dalupiri I.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, MINDORO: Occiden? tal Mindoro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Galaxaura contigua Kjellman Galaxaura contigua Kjellman, 1900:78, pi. 17: figs. 1-14; pi. 20: fig. 23 [type locality: Hawaiian Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:54, fig. 36, pi. VIILc; 1984a:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SA? MAR: Eastern Samar. Galaxaura falcata Kjellman Galaxaura falcata Kjellman, 1900:73, pi. 11: figs. 12 -21 ; pi. 12: figs. 1- 4; pi. 20: fig. 33 [type locality: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture, NUMBER 27 23 Japan].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:57, fig. 32, pi. X:B.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:128.?Cordero, 1984a:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). Galaxaura fasciculata Kjellman Galaxaura fasciculata Kjellman, 1900:53, pi. 5: figs. 1-9. pi. 20: fig. 14 [type locality: Celebes, Indonesia].?Chou, 1945:44, pi. II: fig. 2; pi. VIII: fig. 1.?Trono and Santiago, 1970:73, pi. I l l : fig. 2; pi. IV: fig. 1.?Reyes, 1972:1 52.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 188.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:144.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:57, fig. 33, pi. V I : B . ? Cordero, 1978a: 16.?Trono, 1978:15.? Trono and Tuason, 1978:14?Cordero , 1979b:288.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Manila, Quezon, CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Davao. PALA? WAN (incl. Culion I.). Galaxaura filamentosa Chou Galaxaura filamentosa Chou in W.R. Taylor, 1945:139 [type locality: Isla Clarion, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico].?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:58, fig. 35, pi. I V : B ; 1978a:17; 1984a:90. Galaxaura rudis [misapplied name].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Quezon, SAMAR: Eastern Samar. CENTRAL VISAYAS. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Chou (1945:39) noted that certain records of Galaxaura rudis from China and Japan were representative of her new species, G. filamentosa. Cordero (1977a:58; 1978a: 17), apparently misinterpreting Chou, listed G. rudis Kjellman (1900:43, pi. 2: figs. 1-9; pi. 20: fig. 11) as a taxonomic synonym of G. filamentosa. According to Papen? fuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982:407), G. rudis is a taxon? omic synonym of G. lapidescens (Ellis and Solander) La? mouroux. *Galaxaura kjellmanii Weber-van Bosse Galaxaura kjellmanii Weber-van Bosse, 1921:217, fig. 66 [type locality: North Ubian I., Sulu Archipelago].?Cordero, 1973b:29.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1977a:60, fig. 38, pi. IX:C? Puig and Cordero, 1979:36.?Cordero, 1984a:90. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, LEYTE (Biliran I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). NOTE.?According to Puig and Cordero (1979:36), part or all of the treatment of Galaxaura elongata by Cordero (1977a) applies to G. kjellmanii. Galaxaura marginata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Corallina marginata Ellis and Solander, 1786:115, pi. 22: fig. 6 [type locality: Bahama Is.]. Galaxaura marginata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:264.?Papen? fuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang, 1982:411, 415. Galaxaura clavigera Kjellman, 1900:76, pi. 13: figs. 1-13; pi. 20: fig. 25 [type locality: Lasgori (Las Khoreh), Somalia].?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1978a: 15. Galaxaura tenera Kjellman, 1900:77, pi. 14: figs. 10-19; pi. 20: fig. 32 [type locality: Mombasa, Kenya].?Cordero, 1977a:67, fig. 45 , pi. IX:B; 1984a:91. Galaxaura veprecula Kjellman, 1900:80, pi. 16: figs. 17-33; pi. 20: fig. 32 [type locality: Malagasy Republic].?Chou, 1947:16, pi. VI: figs. 1-8; pi. XII: fig. 1.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9; 1978a: 19. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Dalupiri I.). MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MINDANAO: Su? rigao. NOTE.?This synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982:41). Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Corallina oblongata Ellis and Solander, 1786:114, pi. 22: fig. 1 [type locality: West Indies]. Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:262.?Chou, 1947:7, pis. II, III, IX.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:28, fig. 26 .? Trono and Santiago, 1970:76, pi. I: figs. 1-12; pi. IV: figs. 4 - 6 . ? Velasquez, 1971:446, fig. 26.?Reyes, 1972:152.?Velasquez et al., 1973:26, pi. 10: fig. 48.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Trono, 1974b:85.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Cor? dero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a:60, fig. 34, pis. V:B, VII:B.?Trono and Young, 1977:59.?Trono, 1978:15.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:14.? Cordero, 1979b:276, 288.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:36.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:128, pi. 5: fig. 5 .?Trono and Ganzon- Fortes, 1980:61, fig. [s.n.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.? Trono and De Lara, 1981:12, pi. VIII: figs. 1, 3.?Montafio, Laserna, and Cajipe, 1982:39.?Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang, 1982:415, 418.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:29, pi. II: fig. 3.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:129.?Cordero, 1984a:90; 1984b:64.?Marcos-Agngaray? ngay, 1984a:24, fig. 18. Corallina cylindrica Ellis and Solander, 1786:114, pi. 22: fig. 4 [type locality: West Indies]. Galaxaura cylindrica (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1821:22.?Chou, 1947:5, pi. I; pi. VIII: fig. 1.?Velasquez et al., 1973:26, pi. 10: fig. 50.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144.?Cordero, 1979b:276. * Galaxaura fastigiata Decaisne, 1842:116 [lectotype locality: Manila, Luzon fide Svedelius, 1945:32.].?Montagne, 1844a:659.?Martens, 1868:86-87.?Dickie, 1874a:195.?Grunow, 1874:37.?Kjellman, 1900:64, pi. 9: figs. 1-3.?De Toni, 1924:126.?Howe, 1932:169.? Domantay, 1962:289.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 8.?Velas? quez et al., 1973:26, pi. 10: fig. 49.?Cordero, 1973b:28.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1978a: 16.?Reyes, 1980:129, pi. 5: fig. 6.?Cordero, 1984a:89. Galaxaura constipata Kjellman, 1900:63, pi. 8: figs. 2 9 - 3 3 ; pi. 20: fig. 5 [type locality: Veracruz, Mexico].?Mefiez, 1961:70.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. Galaxaura dimorpha Kjellman, 1900:63, pi. 8: figs. 23 -28 ; pi. 20: fig. 3 [type locality: Timor, Indonesia].?Mefiez, 1961:70, pi. 7: figs. 65 -68 , 73-75.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Zam- bales, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Ori- 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Northern Samar, Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.). PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Surigao, Misamis Oriental. PALA? WAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982:415). Svedelius (1945:32) se? lected Cuming 2241 as the lectotype collection of Galaxaura fastigiata. Kjellman (1900:65) stated that this specimen was from the Moluccas, an error that originated with Decaisne (1842:116), who wrote "Hab. in Moluccis (Manilla)". Galaxaura obtusata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Galaxaura cuculligera Kjellman, 1900:58, pi. 6: figs. 22-30 ; pi. 20: fig. 30 [type locality: Goto, Japan].?Cordero, 1976c:9. Galaxaura pacifica Tanaka, 1935:55, figs. 5, 6, pi. 17: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Haha-jima, Ogasawara-gunto [Bonin Is.], Japan; Garan-bi, Taiwan].?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9; 1977a:63; 1978a:18. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. MINDORO: Occiden? tal Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.). CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982:421-422). According to Puig and Cordero (1979:36), part or all of the treatment of Galaxaura elongata by Cordero (1977a) applies to G. kjell- Corallina obtusata Ellis and Solander, 1786:113, pi. 22: fig. 2 [type locality: Bahama Is.]. Galaxaura obtusata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:262.?Trono and Santiago, 1970:74, pi. II; pi. IV: fig. 2.?Cordero, 1977a:62, fig. 37, pi. V I I I : A , B ; 1978a: 17.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:15, fig. 15.? Cordero, 1984a:90. Tubularia umbellata Esper, [1805-1812]: 125, pi. Tubularia XVII [type locality: probably West Indies; see Note]. Galaxaura umbellata (Esper) Lamouroux, 1816:262.?Chou, 1947:14, pi. V; pi. XI: fig. 1.?Trono and Santiago, 1970:75, pi. I: figs. 13-20.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145. Galaxaura robusta Kjellman, 1900:85, pi. 18: figs. 19-32; pi. 20: fig. 42 [type locality: Nosy-Be, Malagasy Republic].?Cordero, 1978a: 19.? Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Manila, Cavite, Batangas. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss, Mshigeni, and Chiang (1982:418). For the provenance of Tubularia umbellata, Esper wrote: "gleichfalls in den ost- indischen Gewassern." Because "gleichfalls" (i.e., "likewise") refers to T. obtusata, which is from the West Indies, it seems likely that "ostindischen' was an error for '"westindischen." Galaxaura rugosa (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Corallina rugosa Ellis and Solander, 1786:115, pi. 22: fig. 3 [type locality: Jamaica]. Galaxaura rugosa (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:263.?Chou, 1947:13, pi. IV: figs. 12, 13; pi. X: fig. 2.?Cordero, 1977a:63, fig. 39, pi. V I : A . Galaxaura elongata]. Agardh, 1876:529 [syntype localities: Tonga; north? eastern Australia].?Cordero, 1973b:28; 1976c:9, 10.; 1977a:54, figs. 30, 37, pi. V:A, pi. VLc; 1978a: 15.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:128.?Cordero, 1984a:89; 1984b:64.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984a:24, fig. 19. Galaxaura squalida Kjellman, 1900:55, pi. 6: figs. 1-12; pi. 20: fig. 9 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Chou, 1947:9, pi. IV: figs. 1-11; pi. VIII: fig. 2.?Domantay, 1962:290.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145. Galaxaura glabriuscula Kjellman, 1900:56, pi. 7: figs. 1, ?; pi. 20: fig. 26 [type locality: Tahiti).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:36. Galaxaura striata Kjellman Galaxaura striata Kjellman, 1900:66, pi. 9: figs. 18-38; pi. 20: fig. 7 [type locality: Marquesas Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:64, figs. 40 -42 , pi. IV:c. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Galaxaura subfruticulosa Chou Galaxaura subfruticulosa Chou in W.R. Taylor, 1945:140 [type locality: Isla Clarion, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico].?Domantay, 1962:290.? Cordero, 1973b:29; 1976c:9; 1977a:65, fig. 44, pi. V:c; 1978a: 18; 1979b:289.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:36.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:30, pi. I l l : fig. 1 .?Marcos-Agn? garayngay, 1984a:25, fig. 20. Galaxaura fruticulosa Kjellman, 1900:51, pi. 4: figs. 4 -16 ; pi. 20: fig. 19 [type locality: Nomo-zaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan] [intended no? menclatural synonym].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Quezon, SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NOTE.?Chou intended to propose a new name for Gal? axaura fruticulosa Kjellman, a later homonym of G. fruticu? losa (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux (1816:264), but des? ignated a new type and thus effectively published a new species. Whether G. fruticulosa and G. subfruticulosa are conspecific remains to be determined. Galaxaura subverticillata Kjellman Galaxaura subverticillata Kjellman, 1900:48, pi. 3: figs. 12-14; pi. 20: fig. 17 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Chou, 1945:45, pi. II: fig. 1; pi. VIII: fig. 2 ? T r o n o and Santiago, 1970:74, pi. I l l : fig. 1; pi. IV: fig. 3.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1977a:65, fig. 47, pi. V I I : A . ? P u i g and Cordero, 1979:37.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:13, pi. VIII: fig. 2.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:30, pi. II: fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.). NUMBER 27 25 Scinaia Bivona-Bernardi Scinaia hormoides Setchell Scinaia hormoides Setchell, 1914:106, 125, pi. 12: figs. 33-35 ; pi. 13: figs. 36, 37 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Haleiwa, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?De Toni , 1924:101.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:69.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:31. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: La Union, Pangasi? nan. Scinaia latifrons Howe Scinaia latifrons Howe, 1911:500, fig. 1, pi. 28 [type locality: La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:16. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Scinaia moniliformis J. Agardh Scinaia moniliformis]. Agardh, 1885:72 [type locality: Port Phillip, Victo? ria, Australia].?Cordero, 1977a:68, fig. 46, pi. XI:A; 1980b:44, pi. 28; 1982a:61, fig. 9; 1984a:9L?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:21, fig. 16.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ca? gayan, Quezon. Order GELIDIALES Family GELIDIACEAE Beckerella Kylin *Beckerella scalaramosa Kraft Beckerella scalaramosa Kraft, 1976:85, figs. 1-15 [type locality: Bulusan, Sorsogon Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. N O T E . ? T h e type collection of Beckerella scalaramosa had previously been recorded as Beckerella ["Becherella"] sp. by Trono (1973a: 130, figs. 18, 19). Gelidiella Feldmann and Hamel Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann and Hamel Fucus acerosus Forsskal, 1775:190 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann and Hamel, 1934:533.?Domantay, 1962:290.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:502, pi. 3: figs. 9a,b; pi. 7: fig. 28.?Velasquez, 1971:446, fig. 28.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:179.?Reyes, 1972:152.?Trono, 1972a: 103.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Cordero, 1973b:29.?Trono, 1973d: 15, pi. 7: fig. 26.? Trono and Bina, 1973:3.?Velasquez et al., 1973:27.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?De Leon, 1974:31, 33 , photo [s.n.], fig. [s.n.].?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a:70; 1978a:20.?Tahil, 1978:52.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Gar? cia, 1979:45 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:37.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:45, pi. 29.?Fortes and Trono . 1980:59.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:129, pi. 6: fig. 1.? Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:63, fig. [s.n.].?Velasquez, 1980:127.?Chan, 1981:387.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:42, 45, 50.?Laserna et al., 1981:443.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:380.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:14, pi. IX: fig. 4.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61 , fig. 12.? Saraya and Trono, 1982:32.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:150.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:129.?Cordero, 1984a:92; 1984c:54.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:27, fig. 21 (captions for figs. 21 and 22 interchanged); 1984b: 125.?Tungpalan, 1984:140.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:67. Fucus rigidus Vahl, 1802:46 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Sphaerococcus rigidus C. Agardh, 1822a:285. Gelidium rigidum (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:lvii.?Martens, 1868:92- 93.?Dickie, 1876a:243, 244.?Howe, 1932:169.?Zaneveld, 1956: 34.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145. Gelidiopsis rigida (C. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse, 1904a: 104 ["rigidum"].? Zaneveld, 1959:116.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a:122; 1978a:22. Fucus spiniformis Lamouroux, 1805:77, pi. XXXVI: figs. 3, 4 ["spinaefor- mis"] [syntype localities: Malagasy Republic; Mauritius]. Gelidium spiniforme (Lamouroux) Lamouroux, 1813:129.?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Sor? sogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lu? bang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Capiz. GUIMARAS. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I., Suyac I.), Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUI? JOR. MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Fucus rigidus Vahl, the intended basionym of Gelidium rigidum (and other combinations), is a later homo? nym of F. rigidus Turra (1780:68) and hence not priorable. Sphaerococcus rigidus C. Agardh is treated as a nomen no? vum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Fucus spiniformis is included as a synonym on the authority of C. Agardh (1822a:285), Sphaerococcus rigidus on the authority of B^rgesen (1932:5). Gelidiella adnata Dawson Gelidiella adnata Dawson, 1954b:4 [type locality: Nha Trang, Viet? nam].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:58.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Gelidiella taylorii Joly Gelidiella taylorii Joly, 1957:102, fig. 1, pi. IX: figs. 5, 5a; pi. XII: fig. 3 ["taylori"] [type locality: Sao Vicinte, Sao Paulo, Brazil].?Western? hagen, 1973a:65. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Gelidium Lamouroux Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux Fucus amansii Lamouroux, 1805:48, pi. XXVI: figs. 2 -5 [syntype locali? ties: Malagasy Republic; Mauritius]. Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux, 1813:129.?Martens, 1868:94-95.?Zaneveld, 1956:34; 1959:115. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon var. perpusillum Piccone et Grunow Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon var. perpusillum Piccone et Grunow in Piccone, 1884a:317 ["perpusilla"] [type locality: Massawa, Ethiopia].? Trono, 1973a: 131.?Cordero, 1977a:72, fig. 49, pi. XXV c?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Gelidium capense (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, new combination Fucus capensis S.G. Gmelin, 1768:157, pi. XVII: fig. 1 [type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa]. Gelidium cartilagineum [misapplied name fide Dixon, 1967].?J. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:473.?De Toni, 1897:152 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. NOTE.?This species, which is common at wave-swept sites on cold-water shores of South Africa, probably does not occur in the Philippines. Dixon (1967) showed that Fucus cartilagineus Linnaeus (1753:1161), a name tradition? ally applied to this species, should be typified with a speci? men referable to Plocamium. Fucus capensis and F. versicolor S.G. Gmelin (1768:158, pi. XVII: fig. 2) have long been considered conspecific with the alga traditionally called Gelidium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Gaillon (see Turner, 1809:138 and J. Agardh 1852 [1851-1863]:473). With the removal of Fucus cartilagineus from consideration, Dixon (1967:58) adopted Gelidium versicolor (S.G. Gmelin) La? mouroux (1813:129) as the correct name for the South African alga. Fucus versicolor, however, is a superfluous name for F. abrotanifolius Linnaeus (1753:1161), which Gmelin cited as a synomym, and hence is illegitimate. (Fucus abrotanifolius is referable to Cystoseira.) The earliest avail? able basionym for the South African alga thus appears to be Fucus capensis S.G. Gmelin. Gelidium coulteri Harvey Gelidium coulteri Harvey, 1853:117 [type locality: Monterey Peninsula, California, USA].? Olea and De Leon, 1956:104. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon Fucus crinalis Turner , 1815 [1815-1819]:4, pi. 198: figs, a-c, e-g [syntype localities: England; Northern Ireland]. Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon, 1828:362.?Trono and Fortes, 1980: 70.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Pescador I.). Gelidium divaricatum Martens Gelidium divaricatum Martens, 1868:30, pi. VIII: fig. 4 [type locality: Hong Kong].?Cordero, 1977a:73; 1978a:23. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Gelidium isabelae W.R. Taylor Gelidium isabelae W.R. Taylor, 1945:154, pi. 5: figs. 8-12 [type locality: Isla Isabela, Galapagos].?Cordero, 1977a:73, fig. 50; 1978a:23. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Gelidium kintaroi Yamada Gelidium clavatum Okamura, 1934:61, pi. 28; pi. 32: figs. 4 -6 [syntype localities: Hoko-to (P'eng-hu), Taiwan; Amoy, China] [replaced name].?Cordero, 1977a:72, fig. 48. Gelidium kintaroi Yamada, 1941a:201. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NOTE.?Gelidium kintaroi is a substitute name for G. clavatum Okamura, a later homonym of G. clavatum (La? mouroux) Lamouroux (1813:129). Gelidium pulchellum (Turner) Kutzing Fucus corneus Hudson var. pulchellus Turner , 1819 [1815-1819]: 146, pi. 257: fig. p [syntype localities: Bantry Bay, Eire; Sidmouth and Isle of Portland, England]. Gelidium pulchellum (Turner) Kutzing, 1868:18.?Domantay, 1962:290.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 10.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis Fucus pusillus Stackhouse, 1795 [1795-1801]: 16, pi. vi [type locality: Sidmouth, Devonshire, England]. Acrocarpus pusillus (Stackhouse) Kutzing, 1849:762.?Martens, 1868:30, 92-93.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, 1863:139.?Trono, 1973d: 15.? Cordero, 1977a:74, fig. 51.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:16.?Reyes, 1980:130, pi. 6: fig. 5 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Fortes, NUMBER 27 27 198 lb: 396.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:32.? Trono and Fortes, 1982:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. PALAWAN. Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis var. pacificum W.R. Taylor Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis var. pacificum W.R. Taylor, 1945:153, pi. 5: fig. 7; pi. 33: fig. 1 [type locality: Isla Santa Maria, Galapagos].?Cordero, 1977a:74. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Gelidium rigens (C. Agardh) Greville ex Kutzing Sphaerococcus rigens C. Agardh, 1822a:332 [type locality: Sea of Japan]. Gelidium rigens (C. Agardh) Greville ex Kutzing, 1849:767.?Martens, 1868:94-95.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982: 150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Pterocladia J. Agardh Pterocladia caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson Gelidium caloglossoides Howe, 1914:96, pi. 34: fig. 7; pi. 35 [type locality: Isla San Lorenzo, Peru]. Pterocladia caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson, 1953:76, pi. 6: fig. 1. Pterocladia parva Dawson, 1953:77, pi. 6: fig. 2 [type locality: San Felipe, Baja California Norte, Mexico).?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.? Calumpong, 1982:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Sumilon I.). N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Pterocladia parva and P. caloglossoides was proposed by Stewart and Norris (1981:281). The generic position of P. caloglossoides, how? ever, is uncertain. Cystocarpic plants have not been re? ported from the type locality (Peru). On the basis of cysto? carpic material from Mexico, Dawson transferred the spe? cies to Pterocladia, but abandoned this stance when treating the seaweeds of Peru (Dawson, Acleto, and Foldvik, 1964:37). Pterocladia capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Bornet Fucus capillaceus S.G. Gmelin, 1768:146, pi. XV: fig. 1 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Pterocladia capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Bornet in Bornet and Thuret , 1876:57, pi. XX: figs. 1-7.?Cordero, 1977a:75.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Pterocladia densa Okamura Pterocladia densa Okamura, 1934:63, pi. 30: figs. 1, 2; pi. 33: figs. 4 - 8 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Pterocladia nana Okamura Pterocladia nana Okamura, 1931 [1929-1932]:53, pi. CCLXXVIII: figs. 1-14 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:75, fig. 52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan. Order CRYPTONEMIALES Family ENDOCLADIACEAE Gloiopeltis J. Agardh Gloiopeltis complanata (Harvey) Yamada Endocladia complanata Harvey, 1860a:333 [type locality: Shimoda, Shi? zuoka Prefecture, Japan. Gloiopeltis complanata (Harvey) Yamada, 1932a:117.?Cordero, 1977a:114. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Gloiopeltis tenax (Turner) Decaisne Fucus tenax Turner , 1806:376, pi. 13 [type locality: China Sea]. Gloiopeltis tenax (Turner) Decaisne, 1842:360.?De Leon, 1974:31, 32, photo [s.n.].?Cordero, 1977a: 114, fig. 90. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. NOTE.?This species is traditionally accredited to (Turner) J. Agardh, the combination supposedly having been made at the time the generic name was proposed (J. Agardh, 1842:68, footnote). Agardh, however, merely re? ferred to "Typo Fuco tenaci Turn . tab. 125," and the com? bination was not made until a few months later, by Decaisne. Family PEYSSONNELIACEAE Peyssonnelia Decaisne Peyssonnelia calcea Heydrich Peyssonnelia calcea Heydrich, 1897a: 10 [type locality: Tami I., Papua New Guinea].?Domantay, 1962:293.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Peyssonnelia conchicola Piccone and Grunow Peyssonnelia conchicola Piccone and Grunow in Piccone, 1884a:317, pi. VII: figs. 5-8 [type locality: Massawa, Ethiopia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1921:272.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159. 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES I.). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu Peyssonnelia distenta (Harvey) Yamada Galaxaura distenta Harvey, 1860a:331 [type locality: O-shima, Amami- gunto, Japan]. Peyssonnelia distenta (Harvey) Yamada, 1930b:30, pi. VI: fig. 7.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a:78, figs. 57, 58, pi. X I I L A ; 1978a:24; 1984a:93. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. *Peyssonnelia evae Weber-van Bosse Peyssonnelia evae Weber-van Bosse, 1921:279, fig. 95 [type locality: Pearl Bank, Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?De Toni, 1924:593.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. * Peyssonnelia foveolata (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot Cruoriella foveolata Weber-van Bosse, 1921:294, figs. 105, 106 [syntype localities: Muaras Reef, East Kalimantan, Indonesia; North Ubian I. and Pearl Bank, Sulu Archipelago].?De Toni, 1924:588.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:138. Peyssonnelia foveolata (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot, 1968:113, 310. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. ^Peyssonnelia indica (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot Cruoriella indica Weber-van Bosse, 1921:283, figs. 97 [syntype localities: various in Indonesia; Tongquil I. and Capual I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:138. Peyssonnelia indica (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot, 1968:123, 310. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Peyssonnelia luzonensis Cordero Peyssonnelia luzonensis Cordero, 1977a:80, fig. 61 , pi. XII:B [type locality: Quezon I., Hundred Is., Pangasinan Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. *Peyssonnelia mariti (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot Cruoriella mariti Weber-van Bosse, 1921:288, fig. 101 [syntype localities: Sebangkaitan I., Little Paternoster Is. and Flores, Indonesia; Tongquil I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?De Toni, 1924:587.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:138. Peyssonnelia mariti (Weber-van Bosse) Denizot, 1968:122, 310. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Peyssonnelia obscura Weber-van Bosse Peyssonnelia obscura Weber-van Bosse, 1921:274, fig. 92 [syntype localities: various in Indonesia; Capual I. and North Ubian 1., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago.?De Toni, 1924:592.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh Zonaria rubra Greville, 1827:340, pi. 3: fig. 3 [type locality: Ionian Islands, Greece]. Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:502.?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. *Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh f. orientalis Weber-van Bosse Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh f. orientalis Weber-van Bosse, 1921:270, 272, fig. 89 [syntype localities: various in Indonesia; North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Cordero, 1976c:10 [var. orientalis]; I977a:78, fig. 56, pi. XIILc [var. orientalis].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:34, pi. IV: fig. 2 [var. orientalis]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN, SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Peyssonnelia squamaria (S.G. Gmelin) Decaisne Fucus squamarius S.G. Gmelin, 1768:171, pi. XX: fig. 1 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Peyssonnelia squamaria (S.G. Gmelin) Decaisne, 1842:360.?Cordero, 1977a:80; 1978a:25.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:30, fig. 24. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Polystrata Heydrich Polystrata dura Heydrich Polystrata dura Heydrich, 1905:35, pi. I [type locality: Tami I., Papua New Guinea]. Cruoriella dura (Heydrich) Weber-van Bosse, 1921:293, pi. VIII: fig. 3 [including Philippine record].?De Toni , 1924:585.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:138. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Tongquil I.). Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE Carpopeltis Schmitz Carpopeltis affinis (Harvey) Okamura Gigartina affinis Harvey, 1860a:332 [type locality: Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan]. Carpopeltis affinis (Harvey) Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:30, pi. 316: figs. 4-11.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:100, fig. 79; 1978a:3L?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:135; 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:37, fig. 30. NUMBER 27 29 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.- Norte, SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. -BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Carpopeltis maillardii (Montagne and Millardet) Chiang Carpopeltis angusta (Harvey) Okamura Gymnogongrus ligulatus Harvey ex Kutzing var. angustus Harvey, 1860a:332 [type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan], Carpopeltis angusta (Harvey) Okamura, 1909 [1909-1912]:66, pi. LXVIL?Cordero, 1976c:8, 10; 1977a:100, fig. 78, pi. XVI:A; 1978a: 32.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:135.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a: 39, fig. 31. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Carpopeltis articulata (Okamura) Okamura Prionitis articulata Okamura, 1899a:5, pi. I: figs. 3, 4 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan]. Carpopeltis articulata (Okamura) Okamura, 1909 [ 1909-1912]:70, pi. LXVIIL?Cordero, 1977a:101, pi. XV:B.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PALAWAN. Carpopeltis capitellata (Sonder) Schmitz Cryptonemia capitellata Sonder, 1871:62 [type locality: Cape York, Queens? land, Australia]. Carpopeltis capitellata (Sonder) Schmitz in Schmitz and Hauptfleisch, 1897 [ 1896-1897]:514.?Weber-van Bosse, 1921:246.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Carpopeltis crispata Okamura Carpopeltis crispata Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:32, pi. 317: figs. 6-11 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1976c:8, 10; 1977a:101; 1978a:32 [C. crispata prox.]; 1984b:65.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. N o r t e . PALAWAN. -BATANES. LUZON: IloCOS Carpopeltis divaricata Okamura Carpopeltis divaricata Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:31, pi. 317: figs. 1-5 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:103, fig. 77, pi. XV:c; 1978a:32.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:137.?Cordero, 1984a: 96.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. Carpopeltis formosana Okamura Carpopeltis formosana Okamura, 1931:110, pi. 12 [type locality: Kotosho (Hung-t'ou), Taiwan].?Cordero, 1976c:6, 8, 9, 10; 1977a:104, fig. 80, pi. X V : A ; 1978a:33. Phyllophora maillardii Montagne and Millardet, 1862:8, pi. XXIV [type locality: Reunion]. Carpopeltis maillardii (Montagne and Millardet) Chiang, 1970: 68, pi. 5c?Reyes, 1980:132, pi. 8: fig. 2. Cryptonemia rigida Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1876:163 [type locality: Sri Lanka]. Carpopeltis rigida (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Schmitz, 1895:168.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1978a:33.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. SIQUIJOR. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Phyllophora maillardii and Cryptonemia rigida was proposed by Schmitz (1895:167), who, however, incorrectly adopted the later of the two names. Carpopeltis prolifera (Hariot) Kawaguchi and Masuda Gigartina prolifera Hariot, 1891:220 [type locality: Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan]. Carpopeltis prolifera (Hariot) Kawaguchi and Masuda, 1984:232. Grateloupia fiabellata Holmes, 1896:254, pi. 9: figs. 3a-c [type locality: Eno? shima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan]. Carpopeltis fiabellata (Holmes) Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:39, pi. 321 : figs. 1-6.?Cordero, 1976c:10, 1977a:103, pi. XVI:B; 1978a:33. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Gigartina prolifera and Grateloupia fiabellata was proposed by Kawaguchi and Ma? suda (1984.) Cryptonemia J. Agardh Cryptonemia crenulata (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Phyllophora crenulata]. Agardh, 1841:18 [type locality: Bahia, Brazil]. Cryptonemia crenulata (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:225.? Cordero, 1977a: 104, fig. 81 , pi. XVI:C.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:136.?Cordero, 1984a:97.?Tung? palan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batan? gas. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Cryptonemia luxurians (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Sphaerococcus lactuca C. Agardh var. luxurians C. Agardh, 1822a:232 [type locality: Brazil]. Cryptonemia luxurians (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:228.? Cordero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977a:105; 1978a:34. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Cryptonemia schmitziana (Okamura) Okamura Prionitis schmitziana Okamura, 1899a:6 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan]. Cryptonemia schmitziana (Okamura) Okamura, 1910 [1909-1912]:77.? Cordero, 1978a:34. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Grateloupia C. Agardh Grateloupia conferta (Kutzing) Kutzing Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh var. conferta Kutzing, 1849:730 [type locality: Java, Indonesia].?Martens, 1868:30, 9 0 - 9 1 . Grateloupia conferta (Kutzing) Kutzing, 1867:7, pi. 23: figs, a, b. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Grateloupia dichotoma J. Agardh Grateloupia dichotoma]. Agardh, 1842:103 [syntype localities: various, all in Mediterranean France].?Velasquez et al., 1973:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Grateloupia divaricata Okamura Grateloupia divaricata Okamura, 1895:482, pi. IX: figs. 1, 2 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 106; 1982a:61.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:137; 1984:180. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe Halymenia (?) doryphora Montagne, 1839:21 [type locality: Callao, Peru]. Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe, 1914:169 ["doryophora"]. Grateloupia californica Kylin, 1941:9, fig. 2B, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2 [type locality: La Jolla, California, USA].?Cordero, 1977a: 106, pi. X V I L A ; 1980b:46.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:136; 1984:180. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Hollenberg and Abbott (1966:67). Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh Fucus filicinus Wulfen in Jacquin, 1789:157, pi. 15: fig. 2 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Delesseria filicina Lamouroux, 1813:125. Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh, 1822a:223.?Martens, 1868:30, 46, 88-89.?Zaneveld, 1956:40; 1959:120.?Reyes, 1972:154.?Trono, 1973a: 131, figs. 10-12.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:147.?Cordero, 1977a: 107.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:17, fig. 23.?Cordero, 1980b:47, pi. [47].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:75.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:23.?Cordero, 1982a:61.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:154.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:137; 1984:180.?Mar? cos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 125.?Tungpalan, 1984:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Fucus filicinus Wulfen, the intended basionym of Grateloupia filicina, is a later homonym of F. filicinus Hudson (1762:473) and hence not priorable. Delesseria filicina Lamouroux is treated as a nomen novum in accord? ance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Grateloupia ramosissima Okamura Grateloupia ramosissima Okamura, 1913 [1913-1915]:60, pi. CXVII: figs. 1-11 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan] .?Cordero, 1977a:107; 1980b:47; 1982a:61. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan. SIQUIJOR. Halymenia C. Agardh Halymenia acuminata (Holmes) Okamura Grateloupia acuminata Holmes, 1896:254, pi. 10: figs. 2a-c [type locality: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan]. Halymenia acuminata (Holmes) Okamura, 1908 [1907-1909]: 174, pi. XXXV: figs. 6-12.?Cordero , 1977a: 108, fig. 83. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PANAY: Iloilo. PALAWAN. Halymenia dilatata Zanardini Halymenia dilatata Zanardini, 1851:35 [type locality: Red Sea].?Doman? tay, 1962:291.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1977a: 109, figs. 84, 85, pi. X V I I L B . ? V a n n a j a n and Trono, 1978:18.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:39.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Bi? liran I.), PANAY: Capiz. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Apo I.). CEBU (Sumilon I.). Halymenia durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent Halymenia durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1827-1829]: 180, pi. 15 [type locality: New Ireland, Papua New Guinea].?Martens, 1868:29, 88-89 .?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:504, pi. 3: fig. 10; pi. 8: fig. 29.?Domantay, 1968:26.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 10.?Velasquez, 1971:448, fig. 30.?Reyes, 1972:154.?Velasquez, 197"2:63.?Velas? quez et al., 1973:28, pi. 12: fig. 56.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:188.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1 9 7 7 a : l l l , fig. 86, pi. X V I L B . ? T r o n o and Young, 1977:59.?Cor? dero, 1979b:276, 290, fig. 1 .?Velasquez, 1979b:23L?Cordero, 1980b:48, fig. 11A, pi. 30.?Guzman, 1981:43, 51.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Reyes, 1980:133, pi. 8: fig. 5 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:75.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, fig. 13.? Trono and Fortes, 1982:154.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:137.?Cordero, 1984a:96; 1984b:65.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984a:36, fig. 29; 1984b: 126.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite (Corregidor I.), Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Ori? ental Mindoro. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. GUIMARAS. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Ne? gros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN, SULU. NUMBER 27 31 Halymenia floresia (Clemente y Rubio) C. Agardh Fucus floresius Clemente y Rubio, 1807:312 [type locality: Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain]. Halymenia floresia (Clemente y Rubio) C. Agardh, 1817:xix.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Halymenia formosa Harvey ex Kutzing Halymenia formosa Harvey ex Kiitzing, 1866:33, pi. 91 : figs. g,h [syntype localities: Tonga; Australia].?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.?Quisumbing, 1951:1010 ["formosana"].?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:fig. 5: 2.?Domantay, 1962:291.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1982a:60. Halymenia durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent var. formosa (Harvey ex Kiitz? ing) Weber-van Bosse, 1921:235.?Zaneveld, 1956:41; 1959:120.? Cordero, 1976c:8; 1978a:31.?Cordero, 1984a:96 ["var. formosana Ya? mada"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Manila Bay. Halymenia harveyana J. Agardh Halymenia harveyana]. Agardh, 1892:55 [type locality: Port Phillip Heads, Victoria, Australia].?Mefiez, 1961:72.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1977a: 112, pi. XVIILc. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. Halymenia japonica Halymenia japonica.?Domantay, 1968:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Domantay did not give an author for this name and we have been unable to find its place of publication. Halymenia maculata J. Agardh Halymenia maculata]. Agardh, 1885:12 [type locality: Mauritius].?Do? mantay, 1962:291.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:149.?Trono and Ang, 1982:16. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN (Bugsuk I.). *Halymenia microcarpa (Montagne) P.C. Silva, new combination Mesogloia microcarpa Montagne, 1844a:660 ["Mesogloea"] [type locality: "in insulis Philippinensibus"].?J. Agardh, 1848:59.?Kutzing, 1849: 546.?Montagne, 1856:400.?Martens, 1868:68-69.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153. Halymenia ceylanica Harvey ex Kutzing, 1866:33, pi. 93: figs, a, b [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Grunow, 1874:32. Halymenia durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent var. ceylanica (Harvey ex Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse, 1921:235.?Trono, 1973d: 17.?Trono and Bina, 1973:6.?Trono, 1974b:87.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:17, fig. 22.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:71, fig. [s.n.].?Trono and De Lara, 1981:17, pi. XI: fig. 2.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:36. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Mesogloia microcarpa and Halymenia ceylanica was proposed by Grunow (1874:32). Prionitis J. Agardh Prionitis cornea (Okamura) Dawson Grateloupia cornea Okamura, 1913 [1913-1915]:63, pi. CXVIII [syntype localities: various, all in Japan]. Carpopeltis cornea (Okamura) Okamura, 1942 [1933-1942]: 100.?Cor? dero, 1977a: 101. Prionitis cornea (Okamura) Dawson, 1958:71. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Thamnoclonium Kutzing * Thamnoclonium procumbens Weber-van Bosse Thamnoclonium procumbens Weber-van Bosse, 1921:251, figs. 78, 79 [syn? type localities: various in Indonesia; Capual I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archi? pelago].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Thamnoclonium treubii Weber-van Bosse Thamnoclonium treubii Weber-van Bosse, 1910:587, pi. XVI: fig. 1 [type locality: North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Weber-van Bosse, 1921:250.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Family KALLYMENIACEAE Callophyllis Kutzing Callophyllis adhaerens Yamada Callophyllis adhaerens Yamada, 1932b:273, pi. VI:a [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Velasquez et al., 1973:29, pi. 12: fig. 57. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Callophyllis adnata Okamura Callophyllis adnata Okamura, 1932 [1929-1932]:79, pi. CCLXXXIX [type locality: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Velasquez et 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES al., 1973:29, pi. 12: fig. 58.?Cordero, 1980c:71, fig. 3.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:138; 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ba? taan. Callophyllis okamurae P.C. Silva, new name Pugetia japonica Kylin, 1941:16 [type locality: Chiba Prefecture, Japan]. Callophyllis chilensis [misapplied name fide Kylin, 1941:15-16].?Cor? dero, 1977a: 115. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Norr is (1957:298) suggested that Pugetia japon? ica was referable to Callophyllis. Because of the existence of C. japonica Okamura (in De Toni and Okamura, 1895:77, pi. 16: figs. 13-17), a new epithet must be chosen. Pugetia japonica is validated by Kylin's reference to Howe (1914:117), who distinguished the Japanese plant from Cal? lophyllis chilensis without giving it a name. Kallymenia J. Agardh Kallymenia callophylloides Okamura and Segawa Kallymenia callophylloides Okamura and Segawa in Segawa, 1935:78, fig. 1., pi. 19: fig. 1 [type locality: Susaki, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan].? Cordero, 1977a: 116, fig. 94, pi. XXV:A.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:39, fig. 33. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Kallymenia pacifica Kylin Meredithia californica ]. Agardh, 1899:49 [type locality: San Diego, Cali? fornia, USA]. Kallymenia pacifica Kylin, 1956:233 ["Callymenia"].?Cordero, 1981b:24, fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Iloilo. NOTE.?When transferring Meredithia californica to Kal? lymenia, Kylin was obliged to change the epithet by the prior existence of K. californica Farlow (1877:241). Kallymenia sessilis Okamura Kallymenia sessilis Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:20, pi. 312 [type locality: Tateyama, Japan].?Velasquez et al., 1973:29, pi. 12: fig. 59.?Cor? dero, 198Ib:26, fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas, Bataan. PANAY: Iloilo. Order CORALLINALES Family CORALLINACEAE Amphiroa Lamouroux Amphiroa anastomosans Weber-van Bosse Amphiroa anastomosans Weber-van Bosse, 1904b:91, pi. XVI: figs. 3, 4 [syntype localities: Borneo Bank and Flores, Indonesia].?Cordero, 1977a:82.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sor? sogon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Western Sa? mar. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne Corallina anceps Lamarck, 1815:238 [type locality: "les mers Australes ou de la Nouv. Holl."]. Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842:125.?Cordero, 1977a:81, pi. XIV:A.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:131.?Cordero, 1984a:94. Amphiroa dilatata Lamouroux, 1816:299 [type locality: "Australasie"].? Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Cordero, 1984a:94. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SIQUI? JOR. MINDANAO. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Weber-van Bosse (1904b:93). Amphiroa annulata Lemoine Amphiroa annulata Lemoine, 1929:78, fig. 34, pi. IV: fig. 1 [type locality: James I. [Isla San Salvador or Santiago], Galapagos].?Domantay, 1962:288?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816:299 [type locality: Portugal].? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. *Amphiroa cumingii Montagne Amphiroa cumingii Montagne, 1844a:662 [type locality: "in insulis Philip- pinensibus"].?Kutzing, 1849:702.?Areschoug, 1852:541.?Mon? tagne, 1856:430.?Martens, 1868:86-87.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:126. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Amphiroa ephedraea (Lamarck) Decaisne Corallina ephedraea Lamarck, 1815:238 [type locality: "les mers Australes ou de la Nouv. Holl."]. Amphiroa ephedraea (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842:124.?Cordero, 1973b:30 NUMBER 27 33 [A. ephedraea prox.]; 1976c:8; 1977a:82; 1978a:27.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:38.?Cordero, 1984c:54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. PALAWAN. Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux in Quoy and Gaimard, 1824:628, pi. 93: figs. 2, 3 [type locality: Mariana Is.].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:181.?Trono and Bina, 1973:4.?Velasquez et al., 1973:27, pi. 11: fig. 52.?Cordero, 1977a:84.?Trono and Young, 1977:59.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:38.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:15, pi. X: fig. 4.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:34a, pi. IV: fig. 1.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:131.?Cordero, 1984a:94; 1984b:64; 1984c:54.?Marcos-Agngarayngay. 1984a:32, fig. 26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. GROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Sangasiapu I.). Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. cyathifera (Lamouroux) Weber-van Bosse Amphiroa cyathifera Lamouroux, 1824:627 [type locality: Moluccas, Indo? nesia]. Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. cyathifera (Lamouroux) Weber-van Bosse, 1904b:90 [including Philippine record] .?Trono and Bina, 1973:4.?Trono, 1974b:86. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Amphiroa hancockii W.R. Taylor Amphiroa hancockii W.R. Taylor, 1942:95, pi. 13 [type locality: Caledonia, Atlantic Panama].?Velasquez et al., 1973:28, pi. 11: fig. 54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. * Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux f. erecta Weber-van Bosse Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux f. erecta Weber-van Bosse, 1904b:93, pi. XIV: figs. 2 -8 [syntype localities: various in Indonesia; North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., and Sangasiapu I., Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipe? lago].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:127 [without designation of forma].?Fortes, 198 lb : 396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Corallina fragilissima Linnaeus, 1758:806 [type locality: Jamaica]. Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:298.?Dickie, 1876a:243.?Weber-van Bosse, 1904b:90 [f. fragilissima].?Howe, 1932:170.?Domantay, 1962:288.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972: 182.?Reyes, 1972:153.?Trono, 1972a:103; 1973d: 16.?Trono and Bina, 1973:4 [f. fragilissima].?Velasquez et al., 1973:28, pi. 11: fig. 53.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185-188 (tables 1-4, 7).?Trono, 1974b:86 [f. fragilissima].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:127.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:85, figs. 62, 63; 1977a:85, pi. X I V : B [var. fragilissima]; 1978a:28.?Trono, 1978:16.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:16, fig. 16.?Cordero, 1979b:289.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:38.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:130, pi. 6: fig. 6.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:67, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:387.? Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:16, pi. X: fig. 3?Saraya and Trono, 1982:34a, pi. V: fig. 2.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:132.?Cordero, 1984a:95; 1984c:54.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:34, fig. 27. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MA? RINDUQUE. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NE- Amphiroa pacifica Kutzing Amphiroa pacifica Kutzing, 1858:20. pi. 43: fig. 1 [type locality: Peru].- Martens, 1868:28, 84-85.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:127. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux, 1816:297, pi. XI: fig. 1 [type locality: Med? iterranean Sea].?Cordero, 1977a:86.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR: Western Samar. CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN. Amphiroa subcylindrica Dawson Amphiroa subcylindrica Dawson, 1953:139, pi. 29: fig. 1 [type locality: Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico].?Domantay, 1962:288.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:127.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:34b, pi. V: fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Amphiroa tribulus (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Corallina tribulus Ellis and Solander, 1786:124, pi. 21 : fig. e [type locality: West Indies]. Amphiroa tribulus (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:302.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Amphiroa valonioides Yendo Amphiroa valonioides Yendo, 1902:5, pi. I: figs. 1-3; pi. IV: fig. 1 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:86, fig. 60, pi. X I I L B . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE. Corallina pinnatifolia (Manza) Dawson var. digitata Dawson, 1953:125, pi. 9: figs. 14-20; pi. 30: fig. 1 [type locality: Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico].?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977a:90; 1978a:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. NjOTE.?The synonymy was proposed by Johansen (1976:403). Amphiroa zonata Yendo Amphiroa zonata Yendo, 1902:10, pi. 1: figs. 11-14; pi. IV: fig. 9 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:86.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:132. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J.E. Areschoug Amphiroa cultrata Harvey, 1849 [1847-1849]:102, pi. XXXIX [in part] [lectotype locality: Port Natal (Durban), South Africa fide Johansen, 1977:175]. Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J.E. Areschoug, 1852:545.?Domantay, 1962:288?Mefiez, 1961:71.?Trono, 1973a: 133, fig. 9.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134.?Cordero, 1977a:88, figs. 64, 65.?Sar? aya and Trono, 1982:36, pi. V: fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Sorsogon. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. Cheilosporum jungermannioides Ruprecht ex J.E. Areschoug Cheilosporum jungermannioides Ruprecht ex J.E. Areschoug, 1852:546 [type locality: Tahiti]; 1976c:9; 1977a:88, figs. 66, 68; 1978a:28 [C. jungermannioides prox.].?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:132.?Cordero, 1984a:95; 1984b:64.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:34, fig. 28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE. PALAWAN. Cheilosporum sagittatum (Lamouroux) J.E. Areschoug Corallina sagittata Lamouroux in Quoy and Gaimard, 1824:625, pi. 95: figs. 11,12 [type locality: Mauritius]. Cheilosporum sagittatum (Lamouroux) J.E. Areschoug, 1852:545.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:16, pi. X: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Occidental Min? doro (Lubang Is.). Corallina Linnaeus Corallina frondescens Postels and Ruprecht Corallina frondescens Postels and Ruprecht, 1840:20, pi. XL: fig. 103 [type locality: Unalaska I., Aleutian Is.]. Fosliella Howe Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux, 1816:315, pi. XII: fig. 3 [type locality: not specified (Mediterranean Sea fide Chamberlain, 1983:343)].?Piccone, 1889:51, 59.?Foslie, 1904:55.?Domantay, 1962:293.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153. Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe, 1920:587.?Cordero, 1977a:90.? Trono, 1978:17?Reyes, 1980:132.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MARIN? DUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. SIQUIJOR. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Haliptilon (Decaisne) Lindley Haliptilon cubense (Montagne ex Kutzing) Garbary and Johansen Jania cubensis Montagne ex Kutzing, 1849:709 [type locality: Cuba]. Corallina cubensis (Montagne ex Kutzing) Kutzing, 1858:37, pi. 77: fig. I I . _Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381. Haliptilon cubense (Montagne ex Kutzing) Garbary and Johansen, 1982:218. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Hydrolithon (Foslie) Foslie Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) Weber-van Bosse Lithophyllum reinboldii Weber-van Bosse and Foslie in Foslie, 1901c:5 [lectotype locality: Muaras Reef, East Kalimantan, Indonesia fide Adey and Lebednik, 1967:32]. Goniolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) Weber-van Bosse and Foslie in Foslie, 1904:49 [including Philippine records].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146. Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) Weber-van Bosse and Foslie in Foslie, 1909:55. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Jania Lamouroux Jania adhaerens Lamouroux Jania adhaerens Lamouroux, 1816:270 [type locality: "Mediterranee?"].? Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a:91, fig. 73; 1978a:29.?Chan, 1981:387, 389?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983: NUMBER 27 35 133.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Jania capillacea Harvey Jania capillacea Harvey, 1853:84 [type locality: Bahia Honda, Florida, USA].?Trono, 1972a:103; 1973d: 16.?Trono and Bifia, 1973:5.? Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Trono, 1974b:85.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a:91, figs. 67, 69; 1978a:29.?Trono, 1978:17.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:60, 66.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:69, fig. [s.n.].? Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:16, pi. X: fig. 1 .?Saraya and Trono , 1982:35. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Batangas. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE. PANAY: Iloilo. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Jania decussato-dichotoma (Yendo) Yendo Corallina decussato-dichotoma Yendo, 1902:25, pi. Ill: figs. 1-3: pi. VII: figs. 3, 4 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan]. Jania decussato-dichotoma (Yendo) Yendo, 1905b:37.?Cordero, 1973b:31 [ / decussato-dichotoma prox.]; 1976c:8; 1978a:29.?Fortes, 1981b: 396.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:35. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. LEYTE (Biliran I.). NOTE.?Cordero (1976c) recognized both /. adhaerens andy. decussato-dichotoma from the Batan Islands, but later (1977a) he merged the two species. While all Philippine reports under the two names may be referable to a single species, it seems likely that this species will prove to be distinct f rom/, adhaerens, in which case it would be called J. decussato-dichotoma. Jania longiarthra Dawson yanta longiarthra Dawson, 1953:119, pi. 9: fig. 4; pi. 27: fig. 4 [type locality: Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Trono, 1978:17. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MARINDUQUE. Jania micrarthrodia Lamouroux Jania micrarthrodia Lamouroux, 1816:271, pi. 9: fig. 5 [type locality: "Australasie"]. Jania tenuissima Sonder, 1848 [1846-1848]: 186 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia (mouth of Swan River fide Harvey, 1849 [1847- 1849]: 106)].?Piccone, 1886:67, 90.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MASBATE (Ticao L). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Areschoug (1852:555). Jania pacifica J.E. Areschoug Jania pacifica J.E. Areschoug, 1852:556 [type locality: Guatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico]. Jania mexicana W.R. Taylor, 1945:197, pi. 60 [type locality: Bahia Peta- tlan, Guerrero, Mexico].?Cordero, 1977a:92, fig. 74.?Chan, 1981:387.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:36, pi. V: fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity ofJania mexicana and J. pac? ifica became obvious to one of us (PCS) after collecting in Pacific tropical Mexico, the type locality for both species. Jania pumila Lamouroux Jania pumila Lamouroux, 1816:269, pi. IX: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Red Sea; "Indes Orientales"].?Velasquez et al., 1973:28, pi. I I : fig. 5 5 . ? Cordero, 1977a:92, figs. 70-72.?Chan, 1981:387, 389. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas. Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Corallina rubens Linnaeus, 1758:806 [type locality: Europe]. Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:272, pi. IX: fig. 6, 7.?Mefiez, 1961:71, pi. 8: figs. 89, 90.?Reyes, 1972:153.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150.?Reyes, 1980:131, pi. 7: figs. 4a,b.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. Jania tenella (Kutzing) Grunow Corallina tenella Kutzing, 1858:41, pi. 85: fig. II [syntype localities: Napoli, Italy; Mexico]. Jania tenella (Kutzing) Grunow, 1874:42.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:183, pi. 3: fig. 27 [var. tenella].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Jania tenella (Kutzing) Grunow var. zacae Dawson Jania tenella (Kutzing) Grunow var. zacae Dawson, 1953:121, pi. 8: fig. 3; pi. 31: fig. 1 [type locality: Bahia Piedra Blanca, Pacific Costa Rica].? Domantay, 1962:292. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo Corallina ungulata Yendo, 1902:26, pi. I l l : figs. 7, 8; pi. VII: fig. 8 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan]. 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES yama ungulata (Yendo) Yendo, 1905b:38.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:17, fig. 17.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo f. brevior (Yendo) Yendo Corallina ungulata Yendo f. brevior Yendo, 1902:27, pi. Ill: fig. 9; pi. VII: fig. 9 [type locality: Chiba Prefecture, Japan]. Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo f. brevior (Yendo) Yendo, 1905b:38.? Trono, 1973d: 16 [var. brevior].?Cordero, 1977a:94, figs. 75, 76, pi. XIV:c [var. brevior]; 1978a:30 [var. brevior].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99 [var. brevior].?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381 [var. brevior].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:35 [var. brevior]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SIQUI? JOR. CEBU (Mactan I.). Lithoporella (Foslie) Foslie Lithoporella indica (Foslie) Adey Litholepis indica Foslie, 1907:21 [type locality: Reunion]. Lithoporella indica (Foslie) Adey, 1970:15. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?See "Litholepsis indica Foslie f. philippinensis Foslie." T A X O N OF UNCERTAIN VALUE Philippine records for Lithoporella indica are under the following infraspecific taxon, which has not been formally transferred to it. Lithophyllum Philippi Lithophyllum byssoides (Lamarck) Foslie Nullipora byssoides Lamarck, 1801:374 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Lithothamnion byssoides (Lamarck) Philippi, 1837:388.?Dickie, 1877: 489.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. Lithophyllum byssoides (Lamarck) Foslie, 1900d:20. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie Lithothamnion moluccense Foslie, 1897:12 [type locality: Moluccas, Indo? nesia]. Lithophyllum moluccense (Foslie) Foslie, 190la: 12 [including Philippine record].?Foslie, 1904:67, pi. XII: fig. 8 [f. typica].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Lithophyllum pallescens (Foslie) Foslie Lithothamnion pallescens Foslie, 1895:4, pi. 1: figs. 11-13 [type locality: Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja California Sur, Mexico]. Lithophyllum pallescens (Foslie) Foslie, 1900d:20. Lithophyllum okamurae Foslie, 1900c:4 ["okamurai"] [type locality: Kana? gawa Prefecture, Japan].?Foslie, 1904:59, pi. XI: fig. 17.?Domantay, 1962:292.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152 ["okamurai" and "okamura"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Tongquil I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Adey, Town- send, and Boykins (1982:40). ^Litholepsis indica Foslie f. philippinensis Foslie Litholepsis indica Foslie f. philippinensis Foslie, 1908:9 [type locality: Adi- agfiao, Camarines Sur Prov., Luzon].?De Toni, 1924:655. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie Mastophora melobesioides Foslie, 1903:24 [type locality: Maldives].?Foslie, 1904:73.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153. Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie, 1909:59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Capual I. Tongquil I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Lithothamnion Heydrich Woelkerling (1983b: 193), after discovering that none of the five original species of Lithothamnium Philippi (1837:387) conforms to any modern concept of the genus, proposed the conservation of that generic name as treated by Heydrich (1897c:412), lectotypified by L. muelleri Len- ormand ex Rosanoff. Heydrich spelled the name Litho? thamnion, the spelling that has been proposed for conser? vation. * Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. brachiatum Foslie Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. brachiatum Foslie, 1904:24, pi. II: figs. 2 5 - 38 ["brachiata"] [syntype localities: Semau I. and Timor, Indonesia; North Ubian I. and Tongquil I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Foslie, 1929: pi. XVII: figs. 51-54 . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. NUMBER 27 37 * Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. minutulum Foslie Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. minutulum Foslie, 1904:24, pi. II: figs. 3 9 - 62 ["minutula"] [syntype localities: Tual, Kai Is., Moluccas, Indonesia; Tongquil I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Foslie, 1929: pi. XVII: figs. 59-70 . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. * Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. ubianum Foslie Lithothamnion australe Foslie f. ubianum Foslie, 1904:24, fig. 12, pi. II: figs. 18-24 ["ubiana"] [syntype localities: Celebes, Indonesia; Capual I., North Ubian I., and Tongquil I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].? Foslie, 1929: pi. XVII: figs. 40 -44 . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. N O T E . ? T h e typification of Lithothamnion australe is dis? cussed by Adey, Townsend, and Boykins (1982:57). Lithothamnion indicum Foslie f. subtile Foslie Lithothamnion indicum Foslie f. subtile Foslie, 1907:7 ["subtilis"] [syntype localities: Indian and Pacific oceans].?Foslie, 1929: pi. XIII: fig. 26. Lithothamnion fruticulosum (Kutzing) Foslie f. clavulatum [misapplied name fide Foslie, 1907:7].?Foslie, 1904:20, pi. II: figs. 6, 7, 9 ["clavu- lata"].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152 [without designation of forma]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Capual I., To? ngquil I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Mastophora Decaisne Mastophora rosea (C. Agardh) Setchell Zonaria rosea C. Agardh, 1824:264 [type locality: Guam, Mariana Is.]. Mastophora rosea (C. Agardh) Setchell, 1943:129.?Domantay, 1962:292.?Velasquez, 1971:453, fig. 39.?Reyes, 1972:153.?Trono, 1972a: 103.?Cordero, 1973b:31.?Trono, 1973d:16, pi. 9: fig. 2 .? Trono and Bina, 1973:5.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Trono, 1974b:87.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153.?Cor? dero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977a:94, pi. X I V : D ; 1978a:30.?Trono, 1978:18.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 289.?Garcia, 1979:45 (table 1).? Puig and Cordero, 1979:38.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Reyes, 1980:131, pi. 7: fig. 5.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:15, pi. IX: fig. 1.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:34, pi. IV: fig. 4.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:133.?Cordero, 1984a:93; 1984b:65.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:32, fig. 25. ^Mastophora licheniformis Decaisne, 1842:359, pi. 17: fig. 11 [type locality: Manila, Luzon].?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153. Mastophora decaisnei Kutzing, 1849:697.?Martens, 1868:84-85.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. Melobesia foliacea Kutzing, 1843b:385 [type locality: Mariana Is.].?Dickie, 1876a:244 [with query].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:153. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Manila, Batangas, Quezon, CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Western Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Capiz, Iloilo. GUIMARAS. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan 1.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Setchell (1943:129). Mastophora decaisnei Kutzing is a superfluous and hence illegitimate substitute name for Mastophora li? cheniformis Decaisne. Mesophyllum Lemoine Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Lemoine Lithothamnion erubescens Foslie, 1900a:9 [type locality: Ilha Fernando de Noronha, Brazil].?Foslie, 1904:31 .?Velasquez, 1971:448, fig. 29 .? Velasquez et al., 1973:27. Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Lemoine, 1928:252. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MINDANAO: Davao. SULU: Tawitawi (San? gasiapu I.). Mesophyllum imbricatum (Dickie) Adey Lithothamnion imbricatum Dickie, 1877:486 [type locality: Tahiti]. Mesophyllum imbricatum (Dickie) Adey, 1970:24. Lithothamnion dickiei Foslie, 1900a:7 [including Philippine record].?Fos? lie, 1904:30. Lithothamnion polymorphum [misapplied name fide Foslie, 1900a:7].? Dickie, 1876b:455.?Piccone, 1889:45, 53.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Lithothamnion dickiei Foslie is a superfluous and hence illegitimate substitute name for L. imbricatum Dickie. Mesophyllum pulchrum (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) Lemoine Lithothamnion pulchrum Weber-van Bosse and Foslie in Foslie, 1901c:3 [type locality: Sailus Besar, Great Paternoster Is., Indonesia].?Foslie, 1904:36, pi. IV: fig. 11 .?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. Mesophyllum pulchrum (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) Lemoine, 1928:252. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU. Mesophyllum siamense (Foslie) Adey Lithothamnion siamense Foslie, 190lb: 19 [type locality: various, all in Ko Chang Archipelago, Thailand].?Foslie, 1904:10, pi. I: figs. 1, 2.?De Toni, 1924:611.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. Mesophyllum siamense (Foslie) Adey, 1970:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Tongquil I.). NOTE.?Foslie (190lb: 19) originally described Litho? thamnion siamense as comprising two formae, f. minutum and f. simulans. Upon elevating the latter to specific rank, Foslie 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES (1904:16) lectotypified L. siamense with f. minutum, which he then called f. typicum. In the same work, Foslie (1904:10) described L. siamense f. pseudoramosum. Tongquil I. is in the list of localities for the species, but to which forma it pertains is not indicated. Mesophyllum simulans (Foslie) Lemoine Lithothamnion siamense Foslie f. simulans Foslie, 190lb: 19 [type locality: Ko Sarlak, Ko Chang Archipelago, Thailand]. Lithothamnion simulans (Foslie) Foslie, 1904:16, pi. I: figs. 21-25 [includ? ing Philippine record].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:152. Mesophyllum simulans (Foslie) Lemoine, 1928:252. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Neogoniolithon Setchell and Mason Neogoniolithon frutescens (Foslie) Setchell and Mason Goniolithon frutescens Foslie, 1900b:9 [type locality: Funafuti, Ellice Is. (Tuvalu)].?Foslie, 1904:53. Neogoniolithon frutescens (Foslie) Setchell and Mason, 1943:91. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu Phymatolithon purpureum (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Woelkerling and L. Irvine, 1986:71. Lithothamnion polymorphum [misapplied name; see Note].?Piccone, 1889:51, 59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. NOTE.?Millepora polymorpha Linnaeus (1767:1285) is a superfluous and hence illegitimate substitute name for M. calcarea Pallas (1766:265). Nonetheless, the two names have traditionally been applied to separate species. According to Woelkerling and Irvine (1986), the species traditionally but incorrectly known as Lithothamnion polymorphum (Linnaeus) J.E. Areschoug (1852:524) or Phymatolithon polymorphum (Linnaeus) Foslie (1898:4) is conspecific with L. purpureum P. Crouan and H. Crouan. Porolithon (Foslie) Foslie Porolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Foslie Lithothamnion onkodes Heydrich, 1897a:6, pi. I: fig. 11 [type locality: Tami I., Papua New Guinea]. Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1901:533.?Foslie, 1904:57. Porolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Foslie, 1909:57 ["oncodes"]. I.). I.). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu Neogoniolithon megalocystum (Foslie) Setchell and Mason Goniolithon megalocystum Foslie, 1904:48, fig. 20, pi. IX: figs. 8, 9 [includ? ing Philippine record] [type locality: Karkaralong Is., Indonesia].?De Toni, 1924:663. Neogoniolithon megalocystum (Foslie) Setchell and Mason, 1943:90. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Phymatolithon Foslie Phymatolithon has earlier taxonomic synomyms, but has been proposed for conservation by Woelkerling and Irvine (1986). Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey and McKibbin Millepora calcarea Pallas, 1766:265 [syntype localities: North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea], Lithothamnion calcareum (Pallas) J.E. Areschoug, 1852:523.?Velasquez, 1953b:206.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey and McKibbin, 1970:100. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Phymatolithon purpureum (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Woelkerling and L. Irvine Lithothamnion purpureum P. Crouan and H. Crouan, 1867:150, pi. 20: fig. 133 bis: 1-5 [lectotype locality: Mingant, near Brest, Finistere, France fide Woelkerling and Irvine, 1986:69, 71]. Sporolithon Heydrich Sporolithon erythraeum (Rothpletz) Kylin Lithothamnion erythraeum Rothpletz, 1893:5 [type locality: Red Sea]. Sporolithon erythraeum (Rothpletz) Kylin, 1956:205. Sporolithon ptychoides Heydrich f. durum Heydrich, 1897b:67, pi. Ill: figs. 20-23 ["dura"] [type locality: Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt]. Archaeolithothamnion erythraeum (Rothpletz) Foslie f. durum (Heydrich) Foslie, 1900d:8 ["dura"].?Foslie, 1904:38, pi. V: figs. 8, 9.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128 [without designation of forma]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). T A X O N OF UNCERTAIN VALUE The following infraspecific taxon is related to Sporolithon erythraeum but has not been formally transferred to it. Archaeolithothamnion erythraeum (Rothpletz) Foslie f. molle (Heydrich) Foslie Sporolithon ptychoides Heydrich f. molle Heydrich, 1897b:67, pi. Ill: figs. 15-19 ["mollis"] [type locality: Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt]. Archaeolithothamnion erythraeum (Rothpletz) Foslie f. molle (Heydrich) Fos? lie, 1900d:8 ["mollis"].?Foslie, 1904:38, pi. VI: figs. 2 -4 , 7, 9.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128 [without designation of forma]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Tongquil I.), Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Sangasiapu I.). NOTE.?When establishing Sporolithon ptychoides, Hey? drich divided the species into two formae, durum and molle. NUMBER 27 39 Later, Heydrich (1897c:415-416) elevated f. molle to spe? cific rank and thus lectotypified 5. ptychoides with f. durum. Foslie (1900d:8) proposed the conspecificity of Lithotham? nion erythraeum and both forms of Sporolithon ptychoides. We are not convinced of the usefulness of giving taxonomic recognition to forma molle. Sporolithon schmidtii (Foslie) Gordon, Masaki, and Akioka Archaeolithothamnion schmidtii Foslie, 190lb: 16 [type locality: Ko Kahdat, Ko Chang Archipelago, Thailand].?Foslie, 1904:43, pi. VIII: fig. 16.? De Toni, 1924:603.?Foslie, 1929:pl. XLIV: fig. 16.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128. Sporolithon schmidtii (Foslie) Gordon, Masaki, and Akioka, 1976:250. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Chondrococcus hornemannii (Lyngbye) Schmitz, 1895:170 ["horne? manni"].?Menez, 1961:73.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:28, fig. 25.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:182.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.? Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:188.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table l) ._Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:135.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 10, 11; 1977a:96, fig. 53; 1978a:26; 1979b:289.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:39.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:133.?Cordero, 1984a:92; 1984b:66.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:28, fig. 22 [cap? tions for figs. 21 and 22 interchanged]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, CA? TANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Iloilo. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). *Sporolithon sibogae (Weber-van Bosse and Foslie) P.C. Silva, new combination Archaeolithothamnion sibogae Weber-van Bosse and Foslie in Foslie, 1901c:3 [type locality: Pearl Bank, Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Foslie, 1904:41, pi. VII.?De Toni, 1924:604.?Foslie, 1929:pl. XLIU: figs. 5-15.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.), Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Sporolithon timorense (Foslie) P.C. Silva, new combination Archaeolithothamnion timorense Foslie, 1904:42, pi. VIII: figs. 1-14 [lecto? type locality: Sailus Besar, Great Paternoster Is., Indonesia fide Adey and Lebednik, 1967:85] [including Philippine record].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Order GIGARTINALES Family RHIZOPHYLLIDACEAE Portieria Zanardini The complicated nomenclature of this genus is discussed in the appended Nomenclatural Notes. Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.C. Silva, new combination Desmia hornemannii Lyngbye, 1819:35, pi. 7:c ["hornemanni"] [type local? ity: probably Red Sea].?Reyes, 1972:154.?Trono, 1973d: 15, pi. 10: fig. 6 .?Trono and Bina, 1973:5.?Trono, 1974b:88.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140.?Cordero, 1976c:8.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:15?Cordero , 1979b:276.?Reyes, 1980:132, pi. 8: fig. 1.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:65, fig. [s.n.].?Trono and De Lara, 1981:15, pi. IX: fig. 3.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:33, pi. I l l : fig. 4. Portieria japonica (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination Desmia japonica Harvey, 1860a:331 [type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan]. Chondrococcus japonicus (Harvey) De Toni, 1895a:39.?Cordero, I977a:97; 1984a:93. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Bataan, Cavite, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental. Family POLYIDACEAE Rhodopeltis Harvey Rhodopeltis borealis Yamada Rhodopeltis borealis Yamada, 1931a:75, pi. XIX: fig. 1 [syntype localities: Ryukyu-retto, Japan; Kotosho (Hung-t'ou), Taiwan].?Mefiez, 1961:72.?Domantay, 1962:293.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:98, fig. 59, pi. XII:c; 1978a:25.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:33, pi. IV: fig. 3.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:134.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:28, fig. 23. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. -BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Rhodopeltis gracilis Yamada and Tanaka Rhodopeltis gracilis Yamada and Tanaka in Yamada, 1935:30, fig. 1, pi. 15: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Chichi-jima, Ogasawara-gunto (Bonin Is.), Japan; Kotosho (Hung-t'ou), Taiwan].?Mefiez, 1961:72, pi. 7: figs. 7 8 - 80.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a:98, figs. 54, 55; 1978a:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. nan. LEYTE. -BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi- 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Family NEMASTOMATACEAE Titanophora (J. Agardh) J. Feldmann Titanophora incrustans (J. Agardh) Brgesen Halymenia incrustans]. Agardh, 1885:15 [type locality: Florida, USA]. Titanophora incrustans (J. Agardh) B0rgesen, 1949:4.?Velasquez et al., 1973:30, pi. 13: fig. 60. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan, Batangas. Titanophora weberae Brgesen Titanophora weberae B^rgesen, 1943:39, fig. 13 [type locality: Salee Strait, Irian Barat, Indonesia].?Domantay, 1962:293.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165.?Cordero, 1977a:118, figs. 9 1 - 9 3 , 95, pi. XIX:A.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983: 139.?Cordero, 1984b:65. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN. Family SEBDENIACEAE Sebdenia (J. Agardh) Berthold Sebdenia limensis (Kutzing) Howe Euhymenia limensis Kutzing, 1849:743 [type locality: Callao, Peru].? Martens, 1868:90-91 [with query].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:143. Sebdenia limensis (Kutzing) Howe, 1914:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Sebdenia yamadae Okamura and Segawa Sebdenia yamadae Okamura and Segawa in Segawa, 1938:144, fig. 6, pi. 34: fig. 1 ["yamadai"] [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 150, fig. 143, pi. XXI:C PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. PANAY: Aklan. LEYTE (Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.). PALA? WAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi. Gelidiopsis Schmitz Gelidiopsis intricata (C. Agardh) Vickers Sphaerococcus intricatus C. Agardh, 1822a:333 [syntype localities: Mauri? tius; Hawaiian Is.; "Ravak" (Lawak), Waigeo I., Moluccas, Indonesia]. Gelidiopsis intricata (C. Agardh) Vickers, 1905:61.?Reyes, 1972:152.? Trono, 1972a:104; 1973d:19.?Trono and Bina, 1973:3.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:l 19, figs. 99, 100; 1978a:21.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:87, fig. [s.n.].?Me? fiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:18, pi. XI: fig. 1?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:30. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Oc? cidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. SULU: Tawitawi. Gelidiopsis repens (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse Gelidium repens Kutzing, 1868:21, pi. 60: figs, a, b [type locality: New Caledonia]. Gelidiopsis repens (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse, 1928:425.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977a:121, figs. 98, 267; 1978a:22, 53; 1980b:54, fig. 19B, pi. 36; 1984c:55. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Zambales. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Gelidiopsis variabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz Gelidium variabile]. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:468 [type locality: India]. Gelidiopsis variabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz, 1895:148.?Cordero, 1977a: 122 ["Gelidiopsis repens" in error] . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. doro. -MINDORO: Oriental Min- Family GRACILARIACEAE Ceratodictyon Zanardini Ceratodictyon spongiosum Zanardini Ceratodictyon spongiosum Zanardini, 1878:37 [type locality: Aru Is., Indo? nesia].?Trono, 1972a: 104; 1973d: 1 9 ? Trono and Bina, 1973:9.? Cordero, 1979b:29L?Puig and Cordero, 1979:41.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:85, fig. [s.n.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:42.?Trono and Ang, 1982:20.?Cordero, 1984a: 100.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:5I, fig. 42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Gracilaria Greville Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini, 1858:265, pi. V: fig. 2 [type locality: Aqaba, Jordan].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:429, fig. 173.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Cordero, 1977a: 124, fig. 101, pi. XX:B; 1980b:55, fig. 18, pi. [49] .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:95, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Me? fiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:140.?Cordero, 1984a: 100; 1984c:55.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 126.?Tungpalan, 1984:138.?Abbott, 1985:89, fig. 17.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:66. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. NUMBER 27 41 NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I., Suyac I.), Ne? gros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Davao. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Tongquil I.). Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini var. snackeyi Weber-van Bosse Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini var. snackeyi Weber-van Bosse, 1928:430, fig. 173 [type locality: Macassar, Celebes, Indonesia].?Trono, Azanza- Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:32, fig. 7.?Abbott, 1985:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey, 1853:111 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Cordero, 1977a:124, figs. 102, 103, 105, 112, pi. XIX:B; 1979b:292; 1980b:56, fig. 19A.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.? Calumpong, 1982:145.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:18.? Cordero, 1984c:55.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:46, fig. 38. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MAS? BATE. SAMAR: Western Samar. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental (Apo I.), CEBU. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva Fucus bursa-pastoris S.G. Gmelin, 1768:121, pi. VIII: fig. 3 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, 1952a:265.?Cordero, 1977a:125, fig. 106. Sphaerococcus compressus C. Agardh, 1822a:308 [syntype localities: Cadiz, Spain; Oneglia, Liguria, Italy]. Gracilaria compressa (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:liv.?Howe, 1932:169.? Mefiez, 1961:74.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Abbott, 1985:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Quezon, Albay. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PANAY. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]:593). Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder Sphaerococcus canaliculars Kutzing, 1868:29, pi. 82: figs, d, e [type locality: Wagap, New Caledonia]. Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder, 1871:56.?Cantoria, Valenzuela, and Ve? lasquez, 1951:187, fig. 2.?Cantoria, Velasquez, and Valenzuela, 1951:297, 298.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Abbott, 1985:89, fig. 43. Corallopsis opuntia]. Agardh, 1872:40 [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Wes? ternhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). Gracilaria crassa Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1876:417 [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924: 21.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.?Quisumbing, 1951:1010.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:38; 1959:118.?Doman? tay, 1962:291.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Cor? dero, 1977a:127, figs. 108-110; 1978a:36.?Trono and Azanza-Cor? rales, 1979:26.?Cordero, 1980b:56, fig. 20, pi. [48].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 6 1 . ? Saraya and Trono, 1982:41.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984b: 127.?Abbott, 1985:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Manila Bay. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Western Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Davao. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Newton (1953:412). Sphaerococcus canaliculars Kutzing, the in? tended basionym of Gracilaria canaliculata, is a later homo? nym of 5. canaliculars C. Agardh (1822a:260) and hence not priorable. Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Gracilaria coronopifolia J. Agardh Gracilaria coronopifolia]. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:592 [type locality: Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:508, pi. 5: fig. 14; pi. 9: fig. 34.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Cordero, 1977a:127, figs. 104, 104a, pi. X X : A ; 1978a:35.?Trono and Azanza-Corrales, 1979:26.? Velasquez, 1979b:23L?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:89, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:42, 44 ["coronipifolia"].?Laserna et al., 1981:443.?Trono, 1981b:55 (table 1).?Trono and Azanza-Cor? rales, 1981:743.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:18.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61.?Luistro, Cajipe, and Laserna, 1982:46.?Trono and Ang, 1982:19.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:140.?Trono, Azanza-Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:20, figs. 2, 9b.?Cordero, 1984a: 101; 1984b:66; 1984c:55.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 127.?Tungpalan, 1984: 138.?Abbott, 1985:89, fig. 46. Gracilaria lichenoides (Lamouroux) Greville f. coronopifolia (J. Agardh) May, 1948:37.?Zaneveld, 1956:39; 1959:119. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Lapac I., Siasi I.). Gracilaria cylindrica B^rgesen Gracilaria cylindrica B^rgesen, 1920:375, figs. 364, 365 [type locality: St. Jan (St. John), Virgin Is.].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Reyes, 1980:135, pi. 10, fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Gracilaria damaecomis J. Agardh Gracilaria damaecomis ]. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:597 [type locality: Atlantic North America].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I)- PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Gracilaria disticha (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Sphaerococcus distichus]. Agardh, 1837:172 [type locality: Ethiopia]. Gracilaria disticha (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:594.?Ab? bott, 1985:89, fig. 56. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?ROMBLON (Sibuyan I.). Gracilaria edulis (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva Fucus edulis S.G. Gmelin, 1768:113 [syntype localities: various, all in "India Orientalis" (Indonesia)]. Gracilaria edulis (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, 1952a:293'.?Cordero, 1977a: 128, fig. 111.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:140.?Cordero, 1984a: 101.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Abbott, 1985:89, figs. 55, 58. Fucus lichenoides Turner , 1809:124, pi. 118: figs, a-c, e-i [superfluous name]. Gigartina lichenoides Lamouroux, 1813:137. Sphaerococcus lichenoides (Lamouroux) C. Agardh, 1817:XVII.?Martens, 1868:31, 94-95.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. Gracilaria lichenoides (Lamouroux) Greville, 1830:liv.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924:21.?Collado, 1926:129 [with query].?Howe, 1932:169.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.? Cantoria, Valenzuela, and Velasquez, 1951:187, fig. 3.?Cantoria, Ve? lasquez, and Valenzuela, 1951:297, 298 [f. lichenoides].?Quisumbing, 1951:50.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:38; 1959:119.?Domantay, 1962:290.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 6 1 . ? Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Abbott, 1985:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos, La Union, Pangasinan, Manila Bay, Sor? sogon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Fucus lichenoides Turner , the intended basionym of Gracilaria lichenoides (and other combinations), is a later homonym of F. lichenoides S.G. Gmelin (1768:120, pi. VIII: figs. 1, 2) and hence not priorable. Gigartina lichenoides Lamouroux is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Fucus lichenoides Turner is not only a later homonym, but also superfluous, since its protologue included the citation of F. edulis S.G. Gmelin. Gracilaria eucheumoides Harvey Gracilaria eucheumoides Harvey, 1860a:331 ["eucheumioides"] [syntype lo? calities: various, all in Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Dickie, 1876a:243.? Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.?Quisumbing, 1951:1010.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953 166.?Zaneveld, 1956:38; 1959:118.?Domantay, 1962:290.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 9.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972 182, 183.?Reyes, 1972:155.?Trono, 1972a: 104.?Bersamin et al. 1973:187.?Trono, 1973d: 18, pi. 9: fig. 1 .?Trono and Bina 1973:9.?Velasquez et al., 1973:31, pi. 13: fig. 63.?Westernhagen 1973a :65? Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187, 188.?Trono 1974b:90; 1974e: 18.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a: 129, figs 113, 113a, 114, pis. X, XX; 1978a:37; 1979b:292, fig. 4.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:40.?Cordero, 1980b:57, fig. 21 , pi. 37.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Reyes, 1980:135, pi. 9: fig. 5 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:91, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:387.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:43, 51.?Me? nez and Calumpong, 1981:381 ? T r o n o and De Lara, 1981:18.? Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:40, pi. VI: fig. 4 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:19.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:141 .?Trono , Azanza-Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:27, fig. 5.?Cordero, 1984a: 101.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:48, fig. 39; 1984b: 127.? Tungpalan, 1984:138.?Abbott, 1985:89.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:66. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. MARIN? DUQUE. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Ori? ental Mindoro. SAMAR: Northern Samar, Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NE? GROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Misamis Occidental. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) B^rgesen Fucus foliifer Forsskal, 1775:191 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) B^rgesen, 1932:7. Fucus lacinulatus Vahl, 1802:39 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Gracilaria lacinulata (Vahl) Howe, 1920:562.?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:434.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Trono and Fortes,. 1980:73.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Abbott, 1985:89. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy (1932:7). ?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). was proposed by B^rgesen Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) B$rgesen f. aeruginosa (Turner) Brgesen Fucus aeruginosus Turner , 1811:29, pi. 147 [syntype localities: Portugal; Red Sea]. Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) B^rgesen f. aeruginosa (Turner) B^rgesen, 1938:226. Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente y Rubio) Harvey var. aeruginosa (Turner) J. Agardh, 1852 [ 1851-1863]:601.? Grunow, 1867:83. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON. Gracilaria gigas Harvey Gracilaria gigas Harvey, 1860a:331 [type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan].?Kraft, 1972:332.?Trono, Azanza-Corralies, and Manuel, 1983:31, figs. 6, 11a.?Abbott, 1985:89, fig. 39. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. NUMBER 27 43 Gracilaria incurvata Okamura Gracilaria incurvata Okamura, 1931 [ 1929-1932]:41, pi. CCLXXIH: figs. 1-6 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1984a: 101. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Gracilaria minor (Sonder) Durairatnam Corallopsis salicornia (C. Agardh) Greville var. minor Sonder, 1871:56, pi. Ill: figs. 6-11 [type locality: Cape York, Queensland, Australia]. Corallopsis minor (Sonder) J. Agardh, 1876:409.?Piccone, 1886:68, 90.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:138. Gracilaria minor (Sonder) Durairatnam, 1961:64. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.). PANAY: Aklan, Iloilo. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ila- caon I., Suyac I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Sur, Davao (incl. Samal I.). PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e type specimen of Sphaerococcus salicornia was said by Agardh to have been collected by Chamisso at Unalaska (during the voyage of the Rurik), but Dawson (1954a:5) showed that the provenance probably was Manila. The Rurik remained at Manila from 17 December 1817 to 29 January 1818, following its voyage from Unalaska by way of Hawaii and Guam. Gracilaria papenfussii Abbott Gracilaria papenfussii Abbott, 1983:562, figs. 1-3 [type locality: La Jolla, California, USA]. Gracilaria andersonii [misapplied name fide Abbott, 1983:562].?Cor? dero, 1977a: 123, figs. 96, 97. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Gracilaria spinigera Dawson Gracilaria spinigera Dawson, 1949a:24, pi. 8: figs. 1-3, 5; pi. 9: figs. 1-3 [type locality: Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico].?Cordero, 1977a: 134, fig. 119, pi. X X I : A ; 1980b:58, fig. 23 , pi. [52]; 1984a:102. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. *Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson Sphaerococcus salicornia C. Agardh, 1820a: pi. VIII [type locality: said to be Unalaska, Aleutian Is., but probably Manila, Luzon]. Corallopsis salicornia (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:liii.?Cantoria, Velas? quez, and Valenzuela, 1951:296, footnote. Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson, 1954a:4, fig. 3 [including Phil? ippine record].?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).? Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:506, pi. 5: figs. 15a, 156; pi. 8: figs. 32a, 326.?Velasquez, 1968a: 121, fig. 7.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:28, fig. 28.?Velasquez, 1971:448, fig. 31.?Reyes, 1972:155.?Trono, 1972a: 104.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Trono, 1973d:18, pi. 9: fig. 3 . ? Trono and Bina, 1973:9.?Velasquez et al., 1973:30, pi. 13: fig. 62.? De Leon, 1974:31, 33, photo [s.n.], fig. [s.n.].?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185.?Trono, 1974b:90; 1974e: 18.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Cordero, 1977a: 132, figs. 116-118, pi. XIX:C?Tahil , 1978:52.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:22, fig. 24.? Cordero, 1979b:276.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:41.?Trono and Azanza-Corrales, 1979:26.?Velasquez, 1979b:23L?Cordero, 1980b:57, fig. 22, pi. 38.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:60.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Reyes, 1980:135, pi. 9: fig. 4 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:73.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:93, fig. [s.n.].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:78.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guz? man, 1981:43.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono, 1981b:55 (table 1).?Trono and Azanza-Corrales, 1981:743.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:18.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 6 1 . ? Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:141.?Trono, Azanza-Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:23, figs. 3, 4b.?Cordero, 1984a: 102; 1984c:55.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984a:48, fig. 40; 1984b: 127.?Abbott, 1985:89, fig. 42 .? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:66. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Cavite, Que? zon, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (incl. Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Gracilaria spinulosa (Okamura) Chang and Xia Rhodymenia spinulosa Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:33, pi. 318: figs. 1-6 [type locality: Tainan, Taiwan].?Mefiez, 1961:78.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:162?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. Gracilaria spinulosa (Okamura) Chang and Xia, 1976:148. Gracilaria purpurascens J. Agardh, 1885:63 [type locality: Sri Lanka].? Cordero, 1977a: 130, fig. 115. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Rhodymenia spinulosa was referred to Gracilaria by Yamada (194la:204) as a form of G. purpurascens J. Agardh. The latter name, however, is a later homonym of G. purpurascens Greville (1830:liv) and must be replaced. Gracilaria textorii (Suringar) De Toni Sphaerococcus textorii Suringar, 1867:259 [type locality: Japan]. Gracilaria textorii (Suringar) De Toni, 1895a:27.?Cordero, 1977a: 135; 1980b:59, pi. [58] [G. textorii prox.]; 1984a: 102.?Marcos-Agngaray? ngay, 1984b:128 [G. textorii prox.].?Tungpalan, 1984:138.?Abbott, 1985:90, fig. 26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Gracilaria turgida Dawson Gracilaria turgida Dawson, 1949a: 14, pi. 21 ; pi. 24: fig. 1 [type locality: Newport-Balboa, Orange County, California, USA].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:40, pi. VI: fig. 3.?Abbott, 1985:90. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. 44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO T H E MARINE SCIENCES Gracilaria venezuelensis W.R. Taylor Gracilaria venezuelensis W.R. Taylor, 1942:110, pi. 3: fig. 10 [type locality: Isla Cubagua, Venezuela].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss Fucus verrucosus Hudson, 1762:470 [type locality: England]. Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss, 1950:195.?Galutira and Velas? quez, 1964:507, pi. 4: fig. 13; pi. 8: fig. 33.?Velasquez, 1968a: 121, fig. 8.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:29, fig. 29.?De Leon and Do? mantay, 1971:5, 9.?Velasquez, 1971:448, fig. 32.?Cornejo and Ve? lasquez, 1972:180.?Reyes, 1972:155.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Cor? dero, 1973b:33.?Velasquez e ta l . , 1973:30, pi. 13: fig. 61.?Western? hagen, 1973a:65.?Trono, 1974e: 18.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:146.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 10; 1977a:135; 1978a:37.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:22, fig. 18.?La? serna et al., 1978:111.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 292.?Garcia, 1979: 45 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:41.?Trono and Azanza-Corra? les, 1979:26.?Velasquez, 1979b:23L?Cordero, 1980b:59, pi. 39.? Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Reyes, 1980:135, pi. 9: fig. 6.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:74.?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:78.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:42, 46, 47.?Laserna e ta l . , 1981:443.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono, 1981b: 55 (table 1).?Trono and Azanza-Corrales, 1981:743.?Calum? pong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61.?Luistro, Cajipe, and La? serna, 1982:46.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:142.?Trono, Azanza-Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:17, figs. 1, 4a.?Cordero, 1984a: 102.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984a:50, fig. 41 ; 1984b: 128.?Tungpalan, 1984: 138.?Abbott, 1985:90, fig. 9 .?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985: 64, 66. Fucus confervoides Linnaeus, 1763:1629 [type locality: England]. Ceramium confervoides Wiggers, 1780:91. Sphaerococcus confervoides (Wiggers) Stackhouse, 1797 [1795-1801: xxiv.?Martens, 1868:94-95.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 163. Gracilaria confervoides (Wiggers) Greville, 1830:liv.?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:158; 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?De Leon, Leyva, and Martinez-Pe- sigan, 1947:381.?Abagon, Bufiag, and De Vera, 1951:41.?Quisum? bing, 1951:1010.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Velasquez, 1953a:100; 1953b:206.?Villaluz, 1953:186, 187.?Sulit, Salcedo, and Panganiban, 1956:280.?Zaneveld, 1956:36; 1959:117.?Domantay, 1968:25.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 9.?Bersamin et al., 1973:186.?Sulit, Salcedo, and Panganiban, 1973:177-182.?Western? hagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Abbott, 1985:89. * Fucus gulaman M. Blanco, 1837:839 [syntype localities: Tambobo ("Tam- bobon") and Parafiaque, Rizal Prov., Luzon] [probable taxonomic syno? nym].?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. Fucus edulis [probable misapplied name fide Merrill, 1918:41].?M. Blanco, 1845:580; 1879:260.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Pam- panga, Bulacan, Rizal, Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, Albay (Batan I.), MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALA? WAN, SULU. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss (1950:195). Fucus confervoides Linnaeus, the intended bas? ionym of Gracilaria confervoides (and other combinations), is a later homonym of F. confervoides Hudson (1762:474) and hence not priorable. Ceramium confervoides Wiggers is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Although the Tagalog word "gula? man" is applied to various red algae that are rich in hydro- colloids, Blanco's description of F. gulaman appears to ap? ply, at least in part, to the stringy Gracilaria currently called G. confervoides or G. verrucosa. Martens (1868:45-46) thought that it applied to two species, Sphaerococcus gelatinus (= Eucheuma gelatinum) and 5. lichenoides (= Gracilaria edulis), while Seale (1911:309) and Quisumbing (1951:1007) thought that it applied to a species of Agardh- iella. In the absence of authentic specimens, a definitive placement is impossible. Gracilaria vieillardii P.C. Silva, new name Sphaerococcus denticulatus Kutzing, 1869:19, pi. 51 : figs, e-g [type locality: New Caledonia]. Gracilaria denticulata (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse, 1928:432 [replaced name].?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a: 128, fig. 109; 1978a:36. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION . ?BATANES . NOTE.?Gracilaria vieillardii is proposed as a substitute name for G. denticulata (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse, a later homonym of G. denticulata Schmitz ex Mazza (1907:138). Polycavernosa Chang and Xia Polycavernosa debilis (Forsskal) Fredericq and J. Norris Fucus debilis Forsskal, 1775:191 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal) B^rgesen, 1932:7.?Taylor, 1977b: 13. Polycavernosa debilis (Forsskal) Fredericq and J. Norris, 1985:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Xia and Abbott (1985) support the segregation of Polycavernosa from Gracilaria on the basis of the origin of the compound spermatangial conceptacles from inner or medullary cells and the indirect origin of the gonimoblast from the fusion cell. Family PLOCAMIACEAE Plocamium Lamouroux Plocamium costatum (C. Agardh) J. Hooker and Harvey Delesseria plocamium (S.G. Gmelin) C. Agardh var. costata C. Agardh, 1822a:181 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia]. Plocamium costatum (C. Agardh) J. Hooker and Harvey, 1847:404.? Cordero, 1977a: 140, fig. 127, pi. X X L B . NUMBER 27 45 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. *Plocamium patens Martens Plocamium patens Martens, 1868:32 [type locality: Zamboanga, Min? danao].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Plocamium serrulatum Okamura var. pectinatum Cordero Plocamium serrulatum Okamura var. pectinatum Cordero, 1977a: 140, figs. 128, 129 [type locality: Batan I., Batanes Prov., Luzon].?Cordero, 1978a:38 (as unnamed variety). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. NOTE.?This name was previously published without a description by Cordero (1976c:8, 9, 11 ["pectinata"]). Plocamium telfairiae (W. Hooker and Harvey) Harvey ex Kutzing Thamnophora telfairiae W. Hooker and Harvey in Harvey, 1834a: 149, pi. CXXV [type locality: Cap Malheureux, Mauritius]. Plocamium telfairiae (W. Hooker and Harvey) Harvey ex Kutzing, 1849:885.?Cordero, 1977a:141; 1978a:38. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Bataan, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PALA? WAN. Family SARCODIACEAE Sarcodia J. Agardh Sarcodia montagneana (J. Hooker and Harvey) J. Agardh Rhodymenia montagneana J. Hooker and Harvey, 1845b:544 ["Rhodo- menia"] [type locality: Bay of Islands, New Zealand]. Sarcodia montagneana (J. Hooker and Harvey) J. Agardh, 1852 [ 1 8 5 1 - 1863]:623. Sarcodia ceylanica Harvey ex Kutzing, 1869:12, pi. 33: figs, a, b [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Cordero, 1977a:l 16. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Yendo (1917:82) and maintained by B^rgesen (1954:28). Family SOLIERIACEAE Callophycus Trevisan Callophycus serratus (Harvey ex Kutzing) P.C. Silva Thysanocladia serrata Harvey ex Kutzing, 1869:10, pi. 29: figs, a, b [type locality: Tonga]. Callophycus serratus (Harvey ex Kutzing) P.C. Silva, 1957:143.?Kraft, 1984:54, 56, figs. 3 - 5 , 7, 10-16. Eucheuma}. Agardh Eucheuma alvarezii Doty Eucheuma alvarezii Doty, 1985:37, figs. 1-6 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Creagh Reef, Sabah, Malaysia]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi. *Eucheuma alvarezii Doty var. ajakii-assii Doty Eucheuma alvarezii Doty var. ajakii-assii Doty, 1985:42, fig. 8 ["ajak-assi"] [type locality: Tumindao I., Tawitawi Prov.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi. *Eucheuma alvarezii Doty var. tambalangii Doty Eucheuma alvarezii Doty var. tambalangii Doty, 1985:41, fig. 7 ["tamba- lang"] [type locality: Calatagan, Batangas Prov.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. SULU: Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e varietal epithets of the two foregoing taxa commemorate three persons named Ajak, Assi, and Tam- balang and therefore are to be written ajakii-assii and tam? balangii in accordance with Article 73.10 of the ICBN. We doubt the wisdom or usefulness of giving formal taxonomic recognition to horticultural strains, which these varieties seem to be. Eucheuma arnoldii Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma arnoldii Weber-van Bosse, 1928:421, pi. XIII: fig. 1 [type locality: Gisser (Gesser) I., near Ceram, Indonesia].?Kraft, 1972:318- 334, figs. 1-18.?Trono, 1973d:19; 1974c:328, 333; 1974d:4; 1974e: 18.?Cordero, 1977a:151, fig. 144, pi. XXIV:D.?Smith and Pestano-Smith, 1980:7.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:38.?Trono and Ang, 1982:17.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151. Eucheuma cupressoideum Weber-van Bosse, 1928:421, pi. XIV: fig. 3 [type locality: Torres Strait].?Kraft, 1972:321, 323.?Cordero, 1977a:153, figs. 147, 150; I984a:98. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oc? cidental (Ilacaon I.), Oriental Mindoro. CEBU. BOHOL. PA? LAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Kraft (1972). *Eucheuma arnoldii Weber-van Bosse var. alcyonida Kraft Eucheuma arnoldii Weber-van Bosse var. alcyonida Kraft, 1972: 323, figs. 5, 11 [type locality: Bulusan, Sorsogon Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Eucheuma cottonii Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma cottonii Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 115, pi. 12: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Saya de Malha and Cargados Carajos, Indian Ocean].?Doty, 1969:4, figs, A, D.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 11.?Velasquez, 1971:449.?Kraft, 1972:326, 327, 329, 332.?Cordero, 1973b:32.? Trono, 1973d: 19, pi. 12: figs. 13, 15.?Trono and Bina, 1973:7.? Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Trono, 1974b:92; 1974c:333; 1974d:4; 1974e:18, 19.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Ricohermoso and Deveau, 1979:525.?Smith and Pes- tafio-Smith, 1980:7.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Donaire, 1981 166.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981 381.?Laite and Ricohermoso, 1981:595.?Calumpong, 1982 145.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:38.?Trono and Ang, 1982 17.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151.?Doty and Norris, 1985:figs. 5 ,6 . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Ilacaon I.), CEBU (Mac? tan I.), BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I., Cabulauan I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Eucheuma cottonii var. erecta Eucheuma cottonii var. erecta?De Leon, 1974:30, 32, photo [s.n.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. N O T E . ? D e Leon did not give an author for this name and we have been unable to find its place of publication. Eucheuma crassum Zanardini Eucheuma crassum Zanardini, 1878:36 [type locality: Aru Is., Indone? sia].?Westernhagen, I973a:65.?Cordero, 1977a: 151, fig. 145, pi. X X I I L A ? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982: 145.?Cordero, 1984a:97 [with query]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.). Eucheuma crustiforme Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma crustiforme Weber-van Bosse, 1928:415, fig. 165 ["crustaeforme"] [type locality: Great Sangir (Sangihe) I., Indonesia].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:153, fig. 146.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:39.?Cordero, 1984a:98 ["(?) cristaeforme"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batan? gas. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.). 21.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Quisumbing, 1951:1010.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Domantay, 1962:289.?Doty, 1969:6, figs. B, C ? DeLeon and Domantay, 1971:5, 12.?Velasquez, 1971:449.?Trono, 1972a: 105.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Parker, 1974:434 (table I).? Trono, 1974b:92.; 1974c:328, 333; 1974d:4; 1974e: 18.?Western? hagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975 143.?Laserna et al., 1978:111.?Ricohermoso and Deveau, 1979 525.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Smith and Pestafio-Smith, 1980 7.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Veroy et al., 1980:59.?Donaire, 1981:166.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:43.?Laite and Ricohermoso, 1981:595.?Laserna et al., 1981:445.?Lim and Porse, 1981:603.?Trono, 198lb:53.?Uyenco, Saniel, and Jacinto, 1981a: 69.?Uyenco [Uyengco], Saniel, and Jacinto, 1981b:627.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:37.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:62, 64, 65, fig. [s.n.]. Fucus muricatus S.G. Gmelin, 1768:111, pi. VI: fig. 4 [type locality: "Oceanus Indicus"]. Eucheuma muricatum (S.G. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse, 1928:413 [includ? ing Philippine record].?Howe, 1932:169.?Zaneveld, 1956:31; 1959:111.?Domantay, 1962:289.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:505, pi. 4: fig. 11; pi. 8: fig. 30.?Velasquez, 1968a: 122, fig. 10; 1971:448, fig. 33; 1972:63.?Velasquez et al., 1973:31, pi. 13: fig. 64.?De Leon, 1974:30, 33, photo [s.n.], 2 figs. [s.n.].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:143.?Cordero, 1977a: 156, fig. 154.?Velasquez, 1979b:23L? Cordero, 1980b:50, fig. 14, pis. 32, [54].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:79.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61 , fig. 11.?Trono and Ang, 1982:17.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:143.?Cordero, 1984a:98.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:43, fig. 35; 1984b:129. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Fucus spinosus Linnaeus, the intended basionym of Eucheuma spinosum, is a later homonym of F. spinosus S.G. Gmelin (1768:161, pi. XVIII: fig. 3) and hence not priorable. Eucheuma spinosum J. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Fucus spinosus Linnaeus is not only a later homonym, but also an illegitimate substitute for F. denticu? latus N.L. Burman. The conspecificity ofF. denticulatus and E. muricatum was first proposed by C. Agardh (1822a:271). Both names were published in 1768, with the Burman publication having priority (1 March-6 April vs. after 1 May). The specimen figured by Cordero (1980b: pi. 32) with the caption "E. muricatum var." is listed under E. gelatinae in the text. Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) Collins and Hervey Fucus denticulatus N.L. Burman, 1768:28 [bis] [type locality: said to be Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, but probably in error].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) Collins and Hervey, 1917:106.? Pelayo and Lantican, 1981:3. Fucus spinosus Linnaeus, 1771:313 [superfluous name]. Eucheuma spinosum J. Agardh, 1847:16 ["spinosa"].?Heydrich, 1894:293.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924: TAXA OF UNCERTAIN VALUE The following two infraspecific taxa are probably related to Eucheuma denticulatum but have not been formally trans? ferred to it. Eucheuma muricatum (S.G. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse f. depauperatum Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma muricatum (S.G. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse f. depauperatum Weber-van Bosse, 1928:415, pi. XII: fig. 5 [*'depauperata"] [type locality: NUMBER 27 47 Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Domantay, 1962:289.?Cordero, 1977a:156, fig. 155. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. SIQUIJOR. Eucheuma muricatum (S.G. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse f. incrassatum Yamada Eucheuma muricatum (S.G. Gmelin) Weber-van Bosse f. incrassatum Ya? mada, 1936a: 124, figs. 4, 5, pi. 23: fig. 1 ["incrassata"] [syntype localities: Miyako-jima and Okinawa-jima, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 158, figs. 156, 157, pi. X X I I L B ; 1980b:50, fig. 15, pi. 33. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ca? gayan. Eucheuma edule (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse Chondrus edulis Kutzing, 1867:19, pi. 63: figs, c-e [type locality: New Caledonia]. Eucheuma edule (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse, 1926:136.?Mefiez, 1961:73.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:143. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEBU (Mactan I.). Eucheuma gelatinum (Esper) J. Agardh Fucus gelatinus Esper, 1800:188, pi. CI [type locality: not specified]. Sphaerococcus gelatinus (Esper) C. Agardh, 1822a:270.?Martens, 1868:46, 94-95.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:163. Eucheuma gelatinum (Esper) J. Agardh, 1847:16 ["gelatinae"].?Zaneveld, 1956:31; 1959:111.?Domantay, 1962:289.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 11.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65 [with query]; 1974:112 (table I) [with query].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:143.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a: 153, figs. 151, 152, pi. XXIV.C; 1978a:39; 1980b:49, fig. 13, pi. [53].?Guzman, 1981:44 ["galatinae"].?Cordero, 1984a:98.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:41, fig. 34; 1984b:128.? Tungpalan, 1984:145. Gigartina gelatinosa Endlicher, 1843:42 [illegitimate nomenclatural syno? nym].?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Rizal. CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?When establishing the genus Eucheuma, J Agardh (1847:16) treated the name as feminine. Later (J Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:624), he treated it as neuter the gender most often assigned to it by subsequent authors The neuter ending of the adjective gelatinus is gelatinum. J Agardh's incorrect spelling gelatinae has persisted to the present. Eucheuma horridum J. Agardh Eucheuma horridum J. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:625 [type locality: Mauritius].?Cordero, 1977a: 155, figs. 148, 149. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Eucheuma isiforme (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Sphaerococcus isiformis C. Agardh, 1822a:271 [type locality: West Indies]. Eucheuma isiforme (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1847: 16 ["isiformis"].?Reyes, 1972:157.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:143.?Cordero, 1977a:155, fig. 153, pi. XXIV:B; 1982a:60, 61 . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SULU. Eucheuma leeuwenii Weber-van Bosse Eucheuma leeuwenii Weber-van Bosse, 1928:410, figs. 161, 162 [type locality: Nusa Kembangan, Java, Indonesia].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Eucheuma okamurae Yamada Eucheuma okamurae Yamada, 1936a: 125, figs. 8, 9, pis. 26, 27 ["okamurai"] [type locality: Miyako-jima, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Domantay, 1962:289.?De Leon and Domantay, 1971:5, 10.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:143. ?Cordero, 1977a: 159, fig. 158, pi. XXII:B. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. *Eucheuma procrusteanum Kraft Eucheuma procrusteanum Kraft, 1970:215, figs. 1-7 [type locality: Semirara Is., Antique Prov., Panay].?Trono, 1974c:328, 333; 1974d:4; 1974e:l7, 18.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:143.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Antique (Semirara Is.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Eucheuma serra (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Sphaerococcus serra J. Agardh, 1841:17 [type locality: "in mari Indiae orientalis"]. Eucheuma serra (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1847:16.?Cordero, 1973b:32.? Trono, 1973d:19, pi. 12: fig. 14.?De Leon, 1974:30, 31 , photo [s.n.], fig. [s.n.].?Trono, 1974c:333; 1974d:4; 1974e:17, 18.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:159, fig. 165; 1978a:39.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:40.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.? Trono and Ang, 1982:16.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151.?Cordero, 1984c:55. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Sorsogon. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.). PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Eucheuma striatum Schmitz Eucheuma striatum Schmitz, 1895:151 ["striata"] [type locality: Zanzibar, Tanzania].?Domantay, 1962:289.?Trono, 1972a: 105.?Doty and Alvarez, 1973: fig. 2.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65 [with query].?Colina, 1974:109.?De Leon, 1974:30, 31 , photo [s.n.].?Parker, 1974:434 (table I) .?Trono, 1974b:91; 1974c:328, 333; 1974d:4; 1974e:18, 19.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I) [with query].?Colina, 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1975:125.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:143.?Colina, 1976:50.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:160, fig. 159; 1978a:39.?Las? erna etal . , 1978:111.?Garcia, 1979:45(table 1).?Cordero, 1980b:51, fig. 16, pi. [59].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:72.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:75, fig. [s.n.].?Veroy et al., 1980:59.?Donaire, 1981:166.?Doty and Alvarez, 1981:688.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:43.?Laserna et al., 1981:445?Lim and Porse, 1981:603.?Pelayo and Lantican, 1981 :3?Trono , 198 lb:53.?Uyenco, Saniel, and Jacinto, 1981a:69.?Uyenco [Uyengco], Saniel, and Jacinto, 198 lb:627.?Luis? tro, Cajipe, and Laserna, 1982:46.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:17.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:152.?Cordero, 1984a:99; 1984c:55.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:43, fig. 36; 1984b: 129.?Tungpalan, 1984:145.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:62, 64, 65, fig. [s.n.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Batangas. MASBATE. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Meristotheca J. Agardh Meristotheca papulosa (Montagne) J. Agardh Kallymenia papulosa Montagne, 1850:246 ["Callymenia"] [type locality: Hodeida, Yemen]. Meristotheca papulosa (Montagne) J. Agardh, 1872:37.?Velasquez et al., 1973:31, pi. 14: fig. 56. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. Catenella impudica (Montagne) J. Agardh Lomentaria impudica Montagne, 1840:197 [type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana]. Catenella impudica (Montagne)J. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:701.?Post, 1936:66, 68; 1938:213.?Cordero, 1977a:163, fig. 161.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:18, fig. 19.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:71.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Rizal, Manila. SULU: Sulu. Catenella nipae Zanardini Catenella nipae Zanardini, 1872:143, pi. VI :A [type locality: Sarawak, Malaysia].?Post, 1938:214.?Quisumbing, 1951:1007. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. PANAY: Iloilo. Family CYSTOCLONIACEAE Rhodophyllis Kutzing Rhodophyllis peltata Grunow var. lacunosa Grunow Rhodophyllis peltata Grunow var. lacunosa Grunow, 1874:34 [type locality: Tongatapu, Tonga].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:403.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161 [without designation of variety]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Capual I.). Solieria J. Agardh Solieria dura (Zanardini) Schmitz Rhabdonia dura Zanardini, 1858:278, pi. XI: fig. 1 [syntype localities: Hodeida and Mokha, Yemen].?Piccone, 1886:78, 90.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161. Solieria dura (Zanardini) Schmitz, 1895:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Family HYPNEACEAE Hypnea Lamouroux Hypnea boergesenii Tanaka Hypnea boergesenii Tanaka, 1941:233, figs. 6 - 8 , pi. 53: fig. 1 [syntype localities: Keelung (Chi-lung) and Tairi, Taiwan].?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Family CAULACANTHACEAE Catenella Greville Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L. Irvine Ulva caespitosa Withering, 1776:735 [type locality: Anglesey, Wales]. Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L. Irvine, 1976:590.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. Fucus opuntia Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:107, 219 [type locality: Tenby, Wales]. Catenella opuntia (Goodenough and Woodward) Greville, 1830:lxiii.? Post, 1936:73, 76, 78; 1939:34.?Cordero, 1977a: 163, figs. 168, 1 6 9 ? Fortes and Trono , 1980:59.?Reyes, 1980:134, pi. 9: fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Irvine (1976). Hypnea cenomyce J. Agardh Hypnea cenomyce]. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:452 [type locality: "ad oras Novae Hollandiae" (Australia)]. ?Zaneveld, 1956:41; 1959:121 .?Cor? dero, 1977a:143, fig. 130; 1979b:291; 1980b:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. SIQUIJOR. *Hypnea cenomyce J. Agardh var. tenuis Weber-van Bosse Hypnea cenomyce J. Agardh var. tenuis Weber-van Bosse, 1928:456, fig. 194 [syntype localities: Muaras Reef, East Kalimantan, Indonesia; San? gasiapu I., Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. NUMBER 27 49 Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh, 1851 [ 1851 ? 1863]:451 [syntype localities: Brazil; West Indies; Mexico; Mauritius].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:454.?Zaneveld, 1956:42; 1959:121.?Velasquez etal . , 1973:31, pi. 14: fig. 66.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velas? quez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150.?Cordero, 1977a: 143, figs. 131, 132; 1978a:40.?Trono, 1978:18.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:21, fig. 21 [miscited as 20].?Cordero, 1979b:276, 290; 1980b:52,pl. 34.? Reyes, 1980:136, pi. 10: figs. 2a,b.? Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:77, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:387.? Cordero, 1981d:65, fig. 6.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Laserna et al., 1981:445.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:17.?Cordero, 1982a: fig. 10.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:39.? Trono and Ang, 1982:18.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:150.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:142; 1984:180.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, MIN? DORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur, Davao. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Hypnea charoides Sonder Hypnea charoides Sonder, 1848 [1846-1848]: 189 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia].?Mefiez, 1961:74, pi. 8: fig. 91.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:505, pi. 4: fig. 12; pi. 8: fig. 3 1 ? Villones and Mag? damo, 1968:29. fig. 30.?Velasquez, 1971:449, fig. 33.?Reyes, 1972:156.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:144, fig. 133; 1978a:58.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:40.?Velasquez, 1979b:23L?Cordero, 1980b:53, fig. 12, pi. 35.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Guzman, 1981:42, 45, 49.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:142.?Cordero, 1984a:99; 1984b: 66.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:45, fig. 37; 1984b: 128.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, CA? TANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. NOTE.?Hypnea charoides is traditionally accredited to Lamouroux (1813:132, pi. 10: figs. 1-3), but that author did not provide a validating description. C. Agardh (1828:141), after having examined a specimen sent to him by Lamouroux, assigned the name to Ceramium filamento- sum (= Spyridia filamentosa). Nonetheless, Sonder (1848 [1846-1848]) apparently believed that Lamouroux's illus? tration was representative of another alga since he applied the name to a plant collected by Preiss in Western Australia. Sonder provided a diagnosis so that the name must be ascribed to him and dated from 1848. Hypnea cornuta (Kutzing) J. Agardh Chondroclonium cornutum Kutzing, 1849:741 [type locality: "Locus natalis ignotus" ("ad oras Guineae" fide J. Agardh, 1852 [1851-1863]:449)].? Martens, 1868:90-91.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:135. Hypnea cornuta (Kiitzing) J. Agardh, 1851 [ 1851-1863]:449.?Reyes, 1972:156.?Trono, 1973d: 17; 1974e: 18.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and Ang, 1982:18. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila, NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). *Hypnea cornuta (Kutzing) J. Agardh var. stellulifera J. Agardh Hypnea cornuta (Kutzing) J. Agardh var. stellulifera J. Agardh, 1852 [ 1851 ?1863]:449 [syntype localities: "ad oras Cochinchinae" (Vietnam); Manila]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. Hypnea divaricata (C. Agardh) Greville Fucus divaricatus Brown ex Turner , 1811:110, pi. 181 [type locality: "coast of New Holland" (Australia)]. Sphaerococcus divaricatus C. Agardh, 1817:xvn. Hypnea divaricata (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:lix.?Martens, 1868:30, 9 2 - 93.?Dickie, 1874a: 194?Piccone, 1886:77, 90.?Zaneveld, 1956:42; 1959:121.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Cordero, 1977a: 146, fig. 134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite, Quezon. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. SULU. NOTE.?Fucus divaricatus Brown ex Turner , the in? tended basionym of Hypnea divaricata, is a later homonym ofF. divaricatus Linnaeus (1753:1159) and hence not prior- able. Sphaerococcus divaricatus C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux Fucus musciformis Wulfen in Jacquin, 1789:154, pi. 14: fig. 3 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux, 1813:131.?Howe, 1932:170.?Velasquez, 1953a:100; 1953b:206.?Zaneveld, 1956:42; 1959:121.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Velas? quez, 1971:449.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Cordero, 1977a: 148, fig. 136, pi. X X I L A . ? T r o n o and Fortes, 1980:70.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.? Trono and Fortes, 1982:150.?Cordero, 1984a:100. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Rizal, Manila, NEGROS: Negros Occidental, CEBU (Mactan I.). Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux var. esperi J. Agardh Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux var. esperi J . Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:442 [syntype localities: Brazil; Chile; Australia; Mauriti? us].?Reyes, 1972:156.?Trono, 1972a: 105.?Cordero, 1977a:146, fig. 135.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and Ang, 1982:19. Hypnea esperi [misapplied name; see Note].?Reyes, 1972:156.?Trono, 50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1973d: 17.?Trono and Bina, 1973:8.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Cordero, 1980b:53.?Reyes, 1980:136, pi. 10: figs. 3a,b.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:79, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:387.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:38.? Trono and Fortes, 1982:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Hypnea esperi Bory de Saint-Vincent (1828 [1826-1829]: 157) was superfluous when published, being a substitute name for Fucus nootkanus Esper (1802:30, pi. CXXV). If the entity currently passing under this name is recognized at the level of species, it must receive a different name. It was first given a valid name, at varietal level, by J. Agardh, who made it clear that he was describing the material in Bory de Saint-Vincent's hands and excluding Fucus nootkanus. Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux var. hippuroides (Kutzing) Weber-van Bosse Hypnea hippuroides Kiitzing, 1868:7, pi. 21 : figs, a, b [type locality: Celebes, Indonesia]. Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux var. hippuroides (Kutzing) We? ber-van Bosse, 1928:445.?Cantoria, Valenzuela, and Velasquez, 1951:187, fig. 1.?Cantoria, Velasquez, and Valenzuela, 1951:296, 298. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Hypnea nidulans Setchell Hypnea nidulans Setchell, 1924:161, fig. 30 [type locality: Tutuila I., American Samoa].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:454.?Mefiez, 1961:74, pi. 7: figs. 85, 86.?Domantay, 1962:291.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Cor? dero, 1977a: 148, figs. 138, 139.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. CEBU (Mactan I.), SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh, 1847:14 [type locality: "St. Augustin" (Oaxaca, Mexico)].?Trono, 1972a: 105; 1973d: 17, pi. 7: fig. 25; 1974e:18.? Trono and Bina, 1973:8.?Trono, 1978:19.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:71.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:81, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:39.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SULU: Tawitawi. Hypnea saidana Holmes Hypnea saidana Holmes, 1896:256, pi. 11: figs. 3a,b [type locality: Eno? shima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 149, fig. 140; 1979b:291; 1984c:55. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite (Corregidor I.), MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. PANAY: Aklan. Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kutzing Sphaerococcus spinellus C. Agardh, 1822a:323 [type locality: West Indies], Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1847a:23.?Dickie, 1876a:244.? Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:70.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne Fucus valentiae Turner , 1809:17, pi. 78 [type locality: Red Sea]. Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne, 1841 [1839-1842]: 161; 1844a:662.?Martens, 1868:92-93.?Dickie, 1874a: 194.?Domantay, 1962:291.?Trono, 1972a: 105; 1974e: 18.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:21, fig. 20 [miscited 21].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:71.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:83, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:17, pi. XI: fig. 4?Saraya and Trono , 1982:39.?Trono and Ang, 1982:18.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:151.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:18, 23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. Hypnea hamulosa [misapplied name fide Papenfuss, 1958:105-106].? Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977a: 146, fig. 137; 1978a:40.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and Ang, 1982:19. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Batangas, Cavite. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lu? bang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e name Hypnea hamulosa is traditionally at? tributed to (Turner) Montagne and applied in accordance with a concept derived from Turner 's treatment of Fucus hamulosus (1809: pi. 79). As pointed out by Papenfuss (I.e.), however, Turner did not describe his plant as new, but identified it with Fucus hamulosus Esper (1800:169 [129 misprint], pi. LXXXIX), based on a collection from the Malabar coast of India. Esper's plant was referred by J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]:444), with a query, to Hypnea nigrescens Greville ex J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]:443) while Turner 's plant is generally considered to be referable to H. valentiae (see Kutzing, 1849:758; Hauck, 1887 [1886- 1887]:20; Brgesen, 1943:59). Family PHYLLOPHORACEAE Ahnfeltia E.M. Fries Ahnfeltia concinna J. Agardh Ahnfeltia concinna]. Agardh, 1851 [ 1851 ?1863]:312 [syntype localities: Hawaiian Is.; Chincha Is., Peru].?Cordero, 1977a: 164. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. SIQUIJOR. PALA? WAN. NUMBER 27 51 Ahnfeltia furcellata Okamura Ahnfeltia furcellata Okamura, 1933 [1933-1942]: 16, pi. 310: figs, 6-10 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 165; 1978a:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Gymnogongrus Martius Gymnogongrus dilatatus (Turner) J. Agardh Fucus dilatatus Turner , 1819 [ 1815-1819]:57, pi. 219 [type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa]. Gymnogongrus dilatatus (Turner) J. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]:326.? Dickie, 1876a:246.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Iloilo (Gigantes Is.). Gymnogongrus divaricatus Holmes Gymnogongrus divaricatus Holmes, 1896:255, pi. 8: figs. 3a,b [type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 165; 1978a:41. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harvey Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harvey, 1857:332 [type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 166, fig. 170.?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1983:143; 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:51, fig. 43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Gymnogongrus pygmaeus J. Agardh Gymnogongrus pygmaeus J. Agardh, 1851 [1851 ?1863]:317 [type locality: "ad oras Hindostaniae" (India)].?Martens, 1868:31, 96-97.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Phyllophora Greville Phyllophora submaritima Dawson Phyllophora submaritima Dawson, 1949b:6, figs. 17, 18 ["submaritimus"] [type locality: Cortes Bank, southern California, USA].?Cordero, 1977a:168, fig. 173. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Family GIGARTINACEAE Gigartina tenella Harvey Gigartina tenella Harvey, 1860a:332 [type locality: Kikai-jima, Amami- gunto, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 169.?Tahil, 1978:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. CEBU (Mactan I.). Order RHODYMENIALES Family RHODYMENIACEAE Botryocladia (J. Agardh) Kylin Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) J. Feldmann Fucus botryoides Wulfen in Jacquin, 1789:146, pi. 13: fig. 1 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) J. Feldmann, 1941:90. Chrysymenia uvaria]. Agardh, 1842:106.?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. N O T E . ? T h e nomenclature of this species is discussed by Silva (1980:124). Chondria uvaria C. Agardh (1822a:347), the intended basionym of Chrysymenia uvaria, is a superflu? ous name for Fucus botryoides and hence not priorable. Chrysymenia uvaria J. Agardh, while treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN, is equally superfluous. Botryocladia pyriformis (B^rgesen) Kylin Chrysymenia pyriformis B^rgesen, 1910:187, figs. 8, 9 [type locality: St. Jan (St. John), Virgin Is.]. Botryocladia pyriformis (B^rgesen) Kylin, 1931:18.?Reyes, 1980:137, pi. 11: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Botryocladia skottsbergii (B0rgesen) Levring Chrysymenia skottsbergii B0rgesen, 1924:307, figs. 49, 50 [type locality^ Easter I.]. Botryocladia skottsbergii (Bdrgesen) Levring, 1941:645, footnote. Chrysymenia kuckuckii Weber-van Bosse, 1928:466, fig. 199 [syntype local? ities: various, all in Indonesia]. Botryocladia kuckuckii (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada and Tanaka, 1938:77.? Mefiez, 1961:78.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Chrysymenia kuckuckii and C. skottsbergii was proposed by G. Feldmann (1945:55-56) and B0rgesen (1950:42-44). Botryocladia uvarioides Dawson Botryocladia uvarioides Dawson, 1944:306, pi. 45: figs. 8-10; pi. 75: fig. 1 [type locality: San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Trono, 1973a:134, figs. 6, 8; 1974b:88. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Coelothrix Brgesen Coelothrix irregularis (Harvey) B#rgesen Cordylecladia ? irregularis Harvey, 1853:156 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA]. Coelothrix irregularis (Harvey) B^rgesen, 1920:389.?Trono, 1972a: 103; 1974b:89.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:43, pi. VII: figs. 1, 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Erythrocolon J. Agardh Erythrocolon podagricum J. Agardh Erythrocolon podagricum]. Agardh in Grunow, 1874:33 [syntype localities: Tongatapu and Haafeva I., Tonga; Ovalau I., Fiji].?Cordero, 1977a:169, fig. 174, pi. X X I V : A . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas, Quezon. Fauchea Montagne and Bory Fauchea leptophylla Segawa Fauchea leptophylla Segawa, 1941:264, fig. 10, pi. 58: fig. 1 [type locality: Kozu-shima, Izu-shoto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 170, fig. 171. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Gloiocladia J. Agardh Gloiocladia ramellifera Hauck Gloiocladia ramellifera Hauck, 1886 [ 1886-1887]:219 [type locality: Meith [Maidh], Somalia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:457, pi. XI: fig. 1.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Hymenocladia J. Agardh Hymenocladia dactyloides (Sonder) J. Agardh Gracilaria dactyloides Sonder, 1845:55 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia].?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:146.?Abbott, 1985:89. Hymenocladia dactyloides (Sonder) J. Agardh, 1870:454. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Rhodymenia Greville Rhodymenia californica Kylin Rhodymenia californica Kylin, 1931:21, pi. 9: fig. 22 [type locality: Pacific Grove, California, USA].?Cordero, 1977a: 170, fig. 175. Rhodymenia coacta Okamura and Segawa Rhodymenia coacta Okamura and Segawa in Segawa, 1935:84, pi. 20: fig. 1 [type locality: Shikine-jima, Izu-shoto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:172, fig. 176.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Rhodymenia decumbens W.R. Taylor Rhodymenia decumbens W.R. Taylor, 1945:251, pi. 84: fig. 1 [type locality: Isla Baltra, Galapagos].?Cordero, 1977a: 172 [R. procumbens, in error]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Rhodymenia intricata (Okamura) Okamura Phyllophora intricata Okamura, 1921:129, pi. CLXXXII: figs. 1-8 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 168, fig. 172, pi. X X V : B . Rhodymenia intricata (Okamura) Okamura, 1930 [1929-1932]:31 ["23"], pi. CCLXVIL?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Family LOMENTARIACEAE Lomentaria Lyngbye Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye Ulva articulata Hudson, 1762:476 [type locality: Cornwall, England]. Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819:101.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:177; 1978a:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Lomentaria baileyana (Harvey) Farlow Chylocladia baileyana Harvey, 1853:185, pi. XX:C: fig. 1 [syntype localities: various, in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York, USA]. Lomentaria baileyana (Harvey) Farlow, 1876:698.?Cordero, 1976c:6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo, 1920:6 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a:177; 1978a:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Lomentaria pinnata Segawa Lomentaria pinnata Segawa, 1938:148, fig. 7 [type locality: Miyake-jima, Izu-shoto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 177; 1984a: 103. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. NUMBER 27 53 Family CHAMPIACEAE Champia Desvaux Champia bifida Okamura Champia bifida Okamura, 1901 [1900-1902]:67, pi. XXIV [syntype local? ities: Enoshima and Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 173, fig. 178. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Champia caespitosa Dawson Champia caespitosa Dawson, 1944:311, pi. 46: figs. 3, 4 [type locality: Isla Pond (Estanque), Baja California Norte, Mexico].?Cornejo and Velas? quez, 1972:178, pi. 4: figs. 34, 34a.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Champia compressa Harvey Champia compressa Harvey, 1838:402 [type locality: Muizenberg, Cape Province, South Africa].?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. Champia vieillardii Kutzing, 1866:14, pi. 37: figs, e, / [ t y p e locality: not specified (New Caledonia fide Grunow, 1874:34)].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?The synonymy was proposed by Grunow (1874:34). Champia disticha Dawson Champia distkha Dawson, 1944:310, pi. 46: fig. 5 [type locality: Isla San Esteban, Sonora, Mexico].?Cordero, 1977a: 174. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Champia japonica Okamura Champia japonica Okamura, 1931 [1929-1932]:49, pi. CCLXXVI: figs. 1-6 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 174; 1978a:45. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Batangas. Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey Chondria parvula C. Agardh, 1824:207 [type locality: Cadiz, Spain]. Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey, 1853:76.?Reyes, 1972:157.? Trono and Bina, 1973:10.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Trono, 1974b:89.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134.? Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a: 175, fig. 179.?Taylor, 1977b: 13.?Cor? dero, 1978a:45.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Chan, 1981:387.? Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:42, pi. VI: figs. 1, 2.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). PALAWAN. Champia salicomoides Harvey Champia salicomoides Harvey, 1853:76, pi. XIX:B [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:477?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.), Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). *Champia spathulata Weber-van Bosse Champia spathulata Weber-van Bosse, 1928:477, pi. XVI: fig. 6 [type locality: North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Order CERAMIALES Family CERAMIACEAE Anotrichium Nageli Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Nageli Griffithsia tenuis C. Agardh, 1828:131 ["Griffitsia"] [type locality: Venezia, Italy].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:60.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:47. Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Nageli, 1862:399. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Antithamnion Nageli Antithamnion antillanum Brgesen Antithamnion antillanum B^rgesen, 1917:226, figs. 213-216 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Antithamnion Iherminieri Nasr Antithamnion Iherminieri Nasr, 1941:66, figs. 9, 10 [type locality: Abu Sadaf Reef, Red Sea, Egypt].?Cordero, 1977a:178, figs. 181, 182.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALA? WAN. NOTE.?Nasr appears to be the first author to have supplied a validating description for this species, which traditionally is accredited to (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Bornet. Its morphology, taxonomy, and nomenclature are treated by Abbott (1979:215). Balliella Itono and Tanaka Balliella subcorticata (Itono) Itono and Tanaka Antithamnion subcorticatum Itono, 1969:40, fig. 7 [type locality: Yoron- jima, Okinawa-gunto, Ruykyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1983:189, fig. 1. Balliella subcorticata (Itono) Itono and Tanaka, 1973:250. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Centroceras Kutzing Centroceras apiculatum Yamada Centroceras apiculatum Yamada, 1944:42 [type locality: Ant Atoll, near Ponape, Caroline Is.].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne Ceramium clavulatum C. Agardh, 1822b:2 [type locality: Callao, Peru]. Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne, 1846b: 140.?Reyes, 1972:158.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a: 179, figs. 183, 184; 1978a:47.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:23, fig. 29.?Reyes, 1980:138, pi. 11: figs. ba,b.? Chan, 1981:387.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:381.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:19, pi. XII: fig. 4.? Cordero, 1984a: 104. Centroceras cryptacanthum Kutzing, 1841:741 [type locality: Antilles]. Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne var. cryptacanthum (Kiitz? ing) Grunow, 1867:65.?Piccone, 1886:54, 90. Centroceras hyalacanthum Kutzing, 1841:742 [type locality: "Wahrschein- lich aus Westindien"].?Martens, 1868:28, 84-85.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Manila, Cavite. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by J. Agardh (1851 [1851-1863]:148-149). Centroceras minutum Yamada Centroceras minutum Yamada, 1944:42 [type locality: Ant Atoll, near Ponape, Caroline Is.].?Trono, 1973d:20.?Cordero, 1977a: 180, fig. 185.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:43, pi. VII: fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SIQUI? JOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Ceramiella B^rgesen Hommersand (1963:238) retained Ceramiella within the circumscription of Ceramium, but Diaz-Piferrer (1969a:202) argued in support of its distinctness. Ceramiella procumbens (Setchell and Gardner) Diaz- Piferrer Ceramium procumbens Setchell and Gardner, 1924a:772, pi. 27: figs. 5 1 - 54 [type locality: Isla Partida, Baja California Norte, Mexico].?Fortes, 1981b:396. Ceramiella procumbens (Setchell and Gardner) Diaz-Piferrer, 1969c:203. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Ceramium Roth Ceramium affine Setchell and Gardner Ceramium affine Setchell and Gardner, 1930:172 [type locality: Isla Guadalupe, Pacific Mexico].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:59 [var. af? fine].?? ones, 198lb:396.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:44, pi. VIII: fig. 2 [var. affine]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. Ceramium cruciatum Collins and Hervey Ceramium cruciatum Collins and Hervey, 1917:144, pi. IV: figs. 27, 28 [type locality: Bermuda].?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I)- PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Ceramium equisetoides Dawson Ceramium equisetoides Dawson, 1944:320, pi. 51: fig. 1 [type locality: Puerto San Carlos, near Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Ceramium fastigiatum (Wulfen ex Roth) Harvey Conferva fastigiata Wulfen ex Roth, 1800b:224 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Ceramium fastigiatum (Wulfen ex Roth) Harvey, 1834b:303.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:24, fig. 31.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Manila, Cavite. NOTE.?Ceramium fastigiatum (Roth) Harvey is a later homonym of C. fastigiatum (Linnaeus) Wiggers (1780:91), C. fastigiatum Roth (1800a:463), and C. fastigiatum Roussel (1806:87). Its correct name probably will be found among taxonomic synonyms. Ceramium flaccidum (Harvey ex Kutzing) Ardissone Hormoceras flaccidum Harvey ex Kutzing, 1862:21, pi. 69: figs, a-d [type locality: Kilkee, County Clare, Eire]. Ceramium flaccidum (Harvey ex Kutzing) Ardissone, 1871:40. Ceramium byssoideum Harvey, 1853:218 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA]. Ceramium gracillimum (Kutzing) Zanardini var. byssoideum (Harvey) Ma- zoyer, 1938:323.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a: 180, fig. 186; 1978a:47.? NUMBER 27 55 Vannajan and Trono , 1978:24.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:61.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:45, pi. VIII: fig. 1 ["byssoideure" p. 45]. Ceramium fimbriatum Setchell and Gardner, 1924a:777, pi. 26: figs. 43, 44 [type locality: near La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:44. Ceramium masonii Dawson, 1950c: 126, figs. 11 ,12 [type locality: Cabeza Ballena, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.? Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Cavite. CEBU (Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Womersley (1978:234). Ceramium byssoideum Harvey is treated as a homonym of C. byssoides Ducluzeau (1805:66) in accordance with Article 64.2, Ex. 8, of the ICBN. Ceramium gracillimum (Kutzing) Zanardini Hormoceras gracillimum Kutzing, 1841:733 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Ceramium gracillimum (Kutzing) Zanardini, 1847:223.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Fortes cited the binomial without an author, and it is uncertain whether it should be referred to Hormoceras gracillimum. The combination is traditionally (but incor? rectly) accredited to (Kutzing) Griffiths and Harvey in Harvey (1848 [ 1847-1851]: pi. CCVI). According to Wom? ersley (1978:234), Harvey had Ceramium flaccidum in hand. A further consideration is that Ceramium gracillimum (Kiitz? ing) Zanardini is a later homonym of C. gracillimum C. Agardh (1824:140), a name that has disappeared from the literature. Ceramium loureiri C. Agardh Ceramium loureiri C. Agardh, 1824:137 [type locality: "Ad rupes mari? nas Cochinchinae" (Vietnam)].?Martens, 1868:82-83.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Ceramium luetzelburgii O.C. Schmidt Ceramium luetzelburgii O.C. Schmidt, 1924:98, fig. 6 [type locality: Cabo Branco, Paraiba, Brazil].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:59.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Ceramium maryae Weber-van Bosse Ceramium maryae Weber-van Bosse, 1923:324, figs. 117,118 [type locality: Kawasa I., Paternoster Is. (Kepulauan Tengah), Indonesia].?Doman? tay, 1962:288.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Ceramium mazatlanense Dawson Ceramium mazatlanense Dawson, 1950c:130, pi. 2: figs. 14, 15 [type locality: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:182, pi. 5: fig. 40.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133.? Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:45.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Cal? umpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN. Ceramium multijugum Jaasund Ceramium multijugum Jaasund, 1970:68, figs. 1 C - E , H , 2 [intended type locality: Tanzania].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Ceramium multijugum is an invalid name because Jaasund failed to indicate a type, as required by Article 37 of the ICBN. Ceramium nitens (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh var. nitens C. Agardh, 1824:136 [type locality: Antilles]. Ceramium nitens (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1851 [1851-1863]: 130.?Wes? ternhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Ceramium personatum Setchell and Gardner Ceramium personatum Setchell and Gardner, 1930:171, pi. 6: figs. 21 , 22 [type locality: Isla Guadalupe, Pacific Mexico].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Ceramium serpens Setchell and Gardner Ceramium serpens Setchell and Gardner, 1924a:775, pi. 27: fig. 58 [type locality: La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Fortes, 198lb:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Ceramium marshallense Dawson Ceramium marshallense Dawson, 1957:120, figs. 27a,b [type locality: Rigili I., Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:60. Ceramium sinicola Setchell and Gardner Ceramium sinicola Setchell and Gardner, 1924a:773, pi. 25: figs. 40, 41 ; pi. 75 [type locality: Ensenada, Baja California Norte, Mexico].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:60 [var. sinicola].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Iloilo. 56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Ceramium taylorii Dawson Ceramium taylorii Dawson, 1950c:127, figs. 13, 31-33 [type locality: Ca- beza Ballena, Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura Hormoceras tenerrimum Martens, 1868:146, pi. VIII: fig. 2 [type locality: Nagasaki, Japan]. Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura, 1921:112.?Cordero, 1977a: 181, fig. 187. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila Bay. Ceramium tenuissimum (Roth) J.E. Areschoug Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth var. tenuissimum Roth, 1806:156 [type locality: not specified]. Ceramium tenuissimum (Roth) J.E. Areschoug, 1847:322.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:182, pi. 3: fig. 25.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. NOTE.?Thi s species is usually attributed either to (Lyng? bye) J. Agardh (1851 [1851-1863]:120) or to (Roth) J. Agardh (1851 [1851-1863]: 120). In the first instance, the basionym is cited as Ceramium diaphanum var. tenuissimum Lyngbye (1819:120, pi. 37:B.4), but Lyngbye accredited the variety to Roth. Areschoug was the first to elevate it to specific rank. Regardless, the name is untenable because it is a later homonym of C. tenuissimum Bonnemaison (1828:132) from Atlantic France, which is referable to Aglaothamnion. The correct name probably will be found among taxonomic synonyms. Ceramium vagans P.C. Silva, new name Ceramium vagabundum Dawson, 1957:121, fig. 21 e ["vagabunde"] [type locality: Parry I., Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Is.] [replaced name].? Vannajan and Trono , 1978:24, fig. 32.?Chan, 1981:387.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:45, pi. VII: fig. 2 ["vugabunde" p. 45]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. NOTE.?Ceramium vagans is proposed as a substitute name for C. vagabundum Dawson, a later homonym of C. vagabundum (Linnaeus) Roth (1800a:465). Ceramium zacae Setchell and Gardner Ceramium zacae Setchell and Gardner, 1937:89, pi. 8: figs. 22a-22c [type locality: Bahia San Bartolome (Bahia Tortugas), Baja California Sur, Mexico].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:60, fig. 11.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Crouania J. Agardh Crouania attenuata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Mesogloia attenuata C. Agardh, 1824:51 [type locality: "In mari Atlan- tico"]. Crouania attenuata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1842:83.?Menez and Cal? umpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Crouania minutissima Yamada Crouania minutissima Yamada, 1944:40 [type locality: Ant Atoll, near Ponape, Caroline Is.].?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:25, fig. 33.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:65.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:46. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. PALAWAN. Dasyphila Sonder Dasyphila plumarioides Yendo Dasyphila plumarioides Yendo, 1920:7 [type locality: Kotosho (Hung-t'ou), Taiwan].?Berdach, 1980:101, fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Aklan. Gordoniella Itono Gordoniella yonakuniensis (Yamada and Tanaka) Itono Spermothamnion yonakuniense Yamada and Tanaka, 1938:79, figs. 12, 13 ["yonakuniensis"] [type locality: Yonakuni-jima, Sakishima-gunto, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a:183, figs. 189, 190; 1978a:46. Gordoniella yonakuniensis (Yamada and Tanaka) Itono, 1977:54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Griffithsia C. Agardh Griffithsia ovalis Harvey Griffithsia ovalis Harvey, 1855:559 [type locality: King George Sound, Western Australia, Australia].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:179, pi. 2: figs. 18, 18a.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:147.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Griffithsia rhizophora Grunow ex Weber-van Bosse Griffithsia rhizophora Grunow ex Weber-van Bosse, 1923:313 [syntype localities: various, in Indonesia and Sri Lanka].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:46, pi. VIII: fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NUMBER 27 57 Gymnothamnion J. Agardh Gymnothamnion elegans (Schousboe ex C. Agardh) J. Agardh Callithamnion elegans Schousboe ex C. Agardh, 1828:162 [type locality: Tangier, Morocco]. Gymnothamnion elegans (Schousboe ex C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1892:178 ["rlegans"].?Saraya and Trono , 1982:48. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Haloplegma Montagne Haloplegma duperreyi Montagne Haloplegma duperreyi Montagne, 1842d:258, pi. 7: fig. 1 [type locality: Martinique].?Berdach, 1980:101, fig. 1 ["Haploplegma"].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Aklan. Microcladia Greville Microcladia elegans Okamura Microcladia elegans Okamura, 1907 [ 1907-1909]: 1, pi. I: figs. 1-10 [syn? type localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1976c: l l ; 1977a: 181, pi. X I I : A . ; 1978a:48; 1984a: 104. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. CATANDUANES. MINDANAO: Da? vao. 1941:375, footnote.?Cordero. 1976c:9; 1977a:183, fig. 11 1978a:46. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Spyridia Harvey Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey Fucus filamentosus Wulfen, 1803:64 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey, 1833:337.?Weber-van Bosse 1923:320.?Howe, 1932:170.?Reyes, 1972:158.?Trono, 1972a 106; 1973a: 140; 1973d:20, pi. 11: fig. 12.?Trono and Bina, 1973 11.?Trono, 1974b:95.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975 164.?Cordero, 1977a: 184, figs. 191, 192.?Reyes, 1980:138, pi. 11 figs. 4a,b. ?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:47.?Trono and Ang, 1982:20. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oc? cidental, Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Capual I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Spyridia velasquezii Trono Spyridia velasquezii Trono, 1972b:53, pi. 9: figs. 1, 2; pi. 10: fig. 3 [type locality: Koror I., Palau Group (Belau), Caroline Is.].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Microcladia glandulosa (Solander ex Turner) Greville Fucus glandulosus Solander ex Turner , 1808:81, pi. 38 [syntype localities: various, in England and Atlantic Spain]. Microcladia glandulosa (Solander ex Turner) Greville, 1830:1 ["el"].? Domantay, 1962:293.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:153. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Pleonosporium (Nageli) Nageli ex Hauck Pleonosporium globuliferum Levring Pleonosporium globuliferum Levring, 1941:647, fig. 19 [type locality: Mas Afuera, Islas Juan Fernandez, Chile].?Saraya and Trono, 1982:46. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Ptilothamnion Thuret Ptilothamnion cladophorae (Yamada and Tanaka) Feldmann-Mazoyer Spermothamnion cladophorae Yamada and Tanaka, 1934:342, figs. 1, 2 [syntype localities: Garan-bi (O-luan) and Kasho-to, Taiwan]. Ptilothamnion cladophorae (Yamada and Tanaka) Feldmann-Mazoyer, Wrangelia C. Agardh Wrangelia argus (Montagne) Montagne Griffithsia argus Montagne, 1841 [1839-1842]: 176, pi. 8: fig. 4 [type locality: Roque del Gando, Islas Canarias]. Wrangelia argus (Montagne) Montagne, 1856:444.?Cordero, 1977a:186, figs. 195-198.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:47, pi. IX: fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan. Pangasi? nan. Wrangelia bicuspidata B^rgesen Wrangelia bicuspidata B^rgesen, 1916:118, figs. 127-130 [type locality: between St. Jan (St. John) and St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Trono and Ang, 1982:21. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Wrangelia penicillata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh Griffithsia penicillata C. Agardh, 1824:143 ["Griffitsia"] [type locality: "Ad oras Italiae"]. Wrangelia penicillata (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, 1828:138.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:61, fig. 8.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:48, pi. VIII: fig. 3. Trono and Ang, 1982:21. 58 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Family DELESSERIACEAE Botryocarpa Greville Botryocarpa prolifera Greville Fucus botryocarpus Turner , 1819 [1815-1819]: 115, pi. 246 [type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa]. Botryocarpa prolifera Greville, 1830:xlix.?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Greville, when establishing the genus Botryo? carpa on the basis of Fucus botryocarpus Turner , was obliged to change the epithet in order to avoid the creation of a tautonym, which is proscribed by Article 23.4 of the ICBN. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Claudea Lamouroux *Claudea batanensis Tanaka Claudea batanensis Tanaka, 1967:18, figs. 6 -8 , pi. II:B [type locality: Batan I., Batanes Prov., Luzon].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:136.? Cordero, 1977a: 198; 1978a:48. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Claudea multifida Harvey Claudea multifida Harvey, 1854:145, pi. VI [type locality: Belligam (We- ligama), Sri Lanka].?Cordero, 1977a:199, fig. 215, pi. XXVI.B-Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Cordero, 1984a: 106. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan, Iloilo. GUIMARAS. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Caloglossa (Harvey) J. Agardh Caloglossa adnata (Zanardini) De Toni Delesseria adnata Zanardini, 1872:141, pi. V:B [type locality: Sarawak, Malaysia]. Caloglossa adnata (Zanardini) De Toni, 1900:730.?Post, 1938:211.? Fortes and Trono , 1980:61. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh Delesseria leprieurii Montagne, 1840:196, pi. 5: fig. 1 [type locality: near Cayenne, French Guiana]. Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh, 1876:499.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:61, fig. 7.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh var. hookeri Post Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh var. hookeri Post, 1936:53 [type locality: Bay of Islands, New Zealand].?Post 1938:211, 212. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Cottoniella B?/>rgesen Cottoniella filamentosa (Howe) Brgesen Sarcomenia filamentosa Howe, 1905:571, pi. 27; pi. 29: figs. 1-11 [type locality: Biscayne Key, Florida, USA]. Cottoniella filamentosa (Howe) B^rgesen, 1920:478.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Hypoglossum Kutzing Hypoglossum attenuatum Gardner Hypoglossum attenuatum Gardner, 1927b: 104, pi. 20: fig. 3; pis. 35, 36 [type locality: Puerto Libertad, Sonora, Mexico].?Domantay, 1962:291.?Trono, 1973a: 141, fig. 22.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. Hypoglossum serrulatum J. Agardh Hypoglossum serrulatum J. Agardh, 1898:186 [type locality: Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:389.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Caloglossa ogasawaraensis Okamura Caloglossa ogasawaraensis Okamura, 1897:12, figs, A - D [type locality: Ogasawara-gunto (Bonin Is.), Japan].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:62.? Fortes, 198Ib:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Hypoglossum spathulatum (Sonder) Kutzing Delesseria spathulata Sonder, 1845:57 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia']. Hypoglossum spathulatum (Sonder) Kutzing, 1849:877.?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:389.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). NUMBER 27 59 Martensia Hering Martensia flabelliformis Harvey ex J. Agardh Martensia flabelliformis Harvey e x j . Agardh, 1863 [ 1851 ?1863]:826 [type locality: Tonga].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cor? dero, 1977a:222. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Martensia speciosa Zanardini Martensia speciosa Zanardini, 1874:488 [type locality: Lord Howe I .] .? Weber-van Bosse, 1923:385.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Opephyllum Schmitz *Opephyllum martensii Schmitz Opephyllum martensii Schmitz in Schmitz and Hauptfleisch, 1897 [1896- 1897]:410 [type locality, "an der Kiiste der Philippinen' (Zamboan? ga)].?De Toni, 1900:620; 1924:321.?Kylin, 1956:449.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:158. Pollexfenia pedicellata [misapplied name fide Schmitz, I.e.].?Martens, 1868:32, 100-101.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Taenioma J. Agardh Taenioma perpusillum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Polysiphonia perpusilla ]. Agardh, 1847:16 [type locality: "St. Augustin" (Oaxaca, Mexico)]. Taenioma perpusillum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1863 [1851 -1863] : 1257.? Fortes and Trono, 1980:65.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:48, pi. IX: figs. 1,4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN (Bugsuk I.). Vanvoorstia Harvey Vanvoorstia spectabilis Harvey Vanvoorstia spectabilis Harvey, 1854:144, pi. V [type locality: Belligam (Weligama), Sri Lanka].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:390.?Trono, 1973d:20, pi. 10: fig. 5.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186.? Trono, 1974b:94.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:169.?Cor? dero, 1977a:230, pi. X X V I I L B . ? L i a o and Sotto, 1980:99.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. CEBU (Mactan I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Zellera Martens Zellera tawallina Martens Zellera tawallina Martens, 1868:33, pi. VIII: fig. 3 [type locality: Little Tawali I., Moluccas, Indonesia].?Reyes, 1980:139, pi. 12: fig. 2 .? Saraya and Trono, 1982:48. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SIQUI? JOR. Family DASYACEAE Dasya C. Agardh Dasya adhaerens Yamada Dasya adhaerens Yamada, 1944:43, pi. 7: fig. 1 [type locality: Ant Atoll, near Ponape, Caroline Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:231, fig. 261; 1978a:49. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Dasya baillouviana (S.G. Gmelin) Montagne Fucus baillouviana S.G. Gmelin, 1768:165 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Dasya baillouviana (S.G. Gmelin) Montagne, 1841 [ 1839-1842]: 165.? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Dasya mollis Harvey Dasya mollis Harvey, 1853:62 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].? Vannajan and Trono, 1978:25, fig. 37. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Dasya ocellata (Grateloup) Harvey Ceramium ocellatum Grateloup, 1806: pi. [1]: fig. II [type locality: Sete, Herault, France]. Dasya ocellata (Grateloup) Harvey, 1833:335.?Cordero, 1977a:231, fig. 262; 1978a:49. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Dasya punicea (Zanardini) Meneghini Baillouviana punicea Zanardini, 1840b:204 [type locality: Chioggia, Italy] Dasya punicea (Zanardini) Meneghini in Zanardini, 1841:168.?Cordero, 1977a:232, fig. 263; 1978a:49. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Dasya sessilis Yamada Dasya sessilis Yamada, 1928:524, fig. 19 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:234, figs. 264, 265; 1984a:105. 60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. Eupogodon Kutzing The reason for adopting Eupogodon for the genus cur? rently known as Dasyopsis is given in the appended Nomen? clatural Notes. Eupogodon antillarum (Howe) P.C. Silva, new combination Dasyopsis antillarum Howe, 1920:577 [type locality: Fort George Cay, Caicos Is., Bahama Is.].?Trono and Ang, 1982:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Eupogodon pilosus (Weber-van Bosse) P.C. Silva, new combination Dasyopsis pilosa Weber-van Bosse, 1923:377, fig. 137 [syntype localities: Indonesia: Waroe, Ceram I., Moluccas; Atja Tuning (Attiatti Onin), Irian Barat].?Cordero, 1977a:234, fig. 266.?Fortes, 1981b:396.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Heterosiphonia Montagne Heterosiphonia crispella (C. Agardh) Wynne Callithamnion crispellum C. Agardh, 1828:183 [lectotype locality: near Cadiz, Spain fide Wynne, 1985b:86]. Heterosiphonia crispella (C. Agardh) Wynne, 1985b:87. Dasya wurdemannii Bailey ex Harvey, 1853:64, pi. XV:C ["wurdemanni"] [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA]. Heterosiphonia wurdemannii (Bailey ex Harvey) Falkenberg in Schmitz and Hauptfleisch, 1897 [1896-1897]:473 ["wurdemanni"].?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:25, fig. 38. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Callithamnion crispellum and Dasya wurdemannii was proposed by Wynne (1985b). Heterosiphonia crispella (C. Agardh) Wynne var. laxa (B#rgesen) Wynne Heterosiphonia wurdemannii (Bailey ex Harvey) Falkenberg var. laxa B^rgesen, 1919:327, figs. 327, 328 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is . ] ._Fortes , 1981b:396. Heterosiphonia crispella (C. Agardh) Wynne var. laxa (B^rgesen) Wynne, 1985b:87. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Heterosiphonia muelleri (Sonder) De Toni Dasya muelleri Sonder, 1855:525 [type locality: Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia]. Heterosiphonia muelleri (Sonder) De Toni, 1903:1237.?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:380.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). NOTE.?Parsons (1975:627) expressed doubt that tropi? cal records of Heterosiphonia muelleri (including Weber- van Bosse's record from Sulu) are referable to this species. Tapeinodasya Weber-van Bosse *Tapeinodasya bornetii Weber-van Bosse Tapeinodasya bornetii Weber-van Bosse, 1904a:96, figs. 1, 2 ["borneti"] [syntype localities: Saleyer (Selajar) I., Celebes, Indonesia; Sulu Archi? pelago].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:381, figs. 138, 139, pi. X: figs. 1- 4.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Sangasiapu I.). Family RHODOMELACEAE Acanthophora Lamouroux Acanthophora aokii Okamura Acanthophora aokii Okamura, 1934 [1933-1942]:35, pi. 318: figs. 15-17 ["aoki"] [syntype localities: Tainan and Kotosho (Hung-t'ou), Tai? wan].?Cordero, 1977a: 187, figs. 199, 200, 207; 1978a:48, 56; 1980b:60. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. Acanthophora muscoides (Linnaeus) Bory de Saint-Vincent Fucus muscoides Linnaeus, 1753:1161 [type locality: Ascension I.]. Acanthophora muscoides (Linnaeus) Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826? 1829]: 156.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:189, fig. 204; 1980b:61.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:97, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Laserna et al., 1981:445.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cor? dero, 1984a: 105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batan? gas, Quezon, NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Apo I.), CEBU (Mac? tan I.). SIQUIJOR. Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) B^rgesen Fucus spiciferus Vahl, 1802:44 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) B^rgesen, 1910:201.?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:347.?Cantoria, Velasquez, and Valenzuela, 1951:296, foot? note.?Domantay, 1962:287.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:510, pi. 5: fig. 18; pi. 9: figs. 3 7 a > ? Velasquez, 1968a: 122, fig. 9.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:27, fig. 23.?Velasquez, 1971:449, fig. 36.? Reyes, 1972:158.?Trono, 1972a: 106.?Velasquez, 1972:63.? Trono, 1973d:20, pi. 11: fig. 10.?Trono and Bina, 1973:11.?Velas? quez et al., 1973:32, pi. 14: fig. 67.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.? Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185, 186, 187.?Trono, 1974b:96.? NUMBER 27 61 Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125.?Cordero, 1977a:189, figs. 201 , 203, pi. X X V L A ; 1978a:56.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:25, fig. 36.?Trono, 1978:19.?Cordero, 1979b:295.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:42.?Ve? lasquez, 1979b:230.?Cajipe e ta l . , 1980:69.?Cordero, 1980b:61, pi. 40.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Moreland, 1980:43, 46.?Reyes, 1980:139, pi. 12: fig. 3 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:74.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:99, fig. [s.n.].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:79.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Guzman, 1981:42.?Laserna et al., 1981:445.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Trono and Azanza-Corrales, 1981:744.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:19.?Calum? pong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:49.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Buchan-Antalan and Trono, 1983:19, fig. 2.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:144.?Cordero, 1984a: 105; 1984b:66; 1984c:55.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984a:58, fig. 48; 1984b: 129.?Tungpalan, 1984:141.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:63. Fucus acanthophorus Lamouroux, 1805:61, pi. XXX; pi. XXXI: fig. 1 [type locality: "Amerique septentrionale"]. Acanthophora thierryi Lamouroux, 1813:132 ["thierii"]?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Martens, 1868:100-101.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125. * Acanthophora orientalis]. Agardh, 1863 [ 1851-1863]:820 [syntype locali? ties: Marianas; "ad Manillam," Luzon].?Piccone, 1886:81, 90.?Hey? drich, 1894:296.?Mazza, 1909:16?De Toni, 1924:380.?Collado, 1926:129.?Howe, 1932:169, 170.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Mon? tilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Domantay, 1962:288.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125. Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) B^rgesen f. orientalis (J. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse, 1923:348.?Zaneveld, 1956:25 [var. orientalis]; 1959:106 [var. orientalis].?Bersamin et al., 1973:184 [var. orientalis]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Rizal, Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Ori? ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. GUIMARAS. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUI? JOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Surigao del Sur, Davao. PA? LAWAN, SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.) Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Fucus spiciferus and Acan? thophora thierryi was proposed by B^rgesen (1910:201). Acanthophora orientalis was added as a synonym by Weber- van Bosse (1923:348). Lamouroux, when establishing the genus Acanthophora on the basis of Fucus acanthophorus Lamouroux, was obliged to change the epithet in order to avoid the creation of a tautonym, which is proscribed by Article 23.4 of the ICBN. The new epithet was chosen to commemorate "M. Thierry fils, professeur de physique et de chimie a . . . Caen". Lamouroux's incorrect original spelling is automatically correctable in accordance with Ar? ticle 73.1 of the ICBN. Acrocystis Zanardini Acrocystis nana Zanardini Acrocystis nana Zanardini, 1872:145, pi. V I I L A [type locality: "Tangion Datu" (Cape Datu), boundary between Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia].?Cordero, 198 la: 173, fig. 2.?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Alsidium C. Agardh Alsidium pusillum Dawson Alsidium pusillum Dawson, 1963:20, pi. 3: figs. 1-4 [type locality: Academy Bay, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos].?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:28, fig. 34 [A. pusillum prox.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Amansia Lamouroux Amansia glomerata C. Agardh Amansia glomerata C. Agardh, 1822a: 194 [syntype localities: Hawaiian Is.; "Ravak" (Lawak), Waigeo I., Moluccas, Indonesia].?J. Agardh, 1863 [1851-1863]:! 111.?Domantay, 1962:288.?Reyes, 1972:159.? Trono, 1972a: 108; 1973a: 139, fig. 21.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:126.?Cor? dero, 1976c:8; 1977a:192, fir;,. 205, 26?- 1978a:54.?Trono, 1978:19.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:15.?Liao an<; Sotto, 1980:99.? Reyes, 1980:140, pi. 12: fig. 5.?Fortes, 1981b:3<>6.?Menez and Cal? umpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and T r ^ o , 1982.49, pi. IX: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MARINDUQUE. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi. Bostrychia Montagne Bostrychia binderi Harvey Bostrychia binderi Harvey, 1849 [1847-1849]:68, pi. XXVIII [in part] [type locality: Port Natal (Durban), South Africa].?Post, 1936:28, 30, 33; 1939:23.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:28, fig. 27 .?Trono, 1973a: 138.?Cordero, 1977a: 193, figs. 206, 208, 209.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:49, pi. X: figs. 1-3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasinan, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Bostrychia calliptera (Montagne) Montagne Rhodomela calliptera Montagne, 1840:197, pi. 5: fig. 2 [type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana]. Bostrychia calliptera (Montagne) Montagne, 1842b:661.?Post, 1938:206. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon. Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Montagne Scytonema intricatum Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1829 [1826-1829]:225 ['in? tricata"] [lectotype locality: Falkland Is. fide Post, 1936:36, 40]. 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Montagne, 1852:317. Bostrychia mixta]. Hooker and Harvey, 1845a:270 [type locality: Bay of Islands, New Zealand]. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Bostrychia intricata and B. mixta was proposed by Post (1936:10, 36, 40), who adopted the later of the two names without comment. As pointed out by Papenfuss (1964:59), Scytonema intricatum is invalid because the generic name Scytonema is invalid (Articles 13.2 and 43 of the ICBN), being originally applied to a group of Cyanophyceae (Nostocaceae heterocysteae) with an 1886 starting point (Article 13.1(e)). With the abandonment of later starting points in the Cyanophyceae, however, Scyto? nema intricatum becomes available. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Post (1936:13- 19). Bostrychia simpliciuscula Harvey ex J. Agardh Bostrychia simpliciuscula Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1863 [1851-1863]:854 [type locality: Tonga]. Bostrychia tenuis Post f. simpliciuscula (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Post, 1936:23.?Post, 1938:205; 1939:16. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal, Quezon. NOTE.?Post (1936:22) erred in establishing a new spe? cies, Bostrychia tenuis, to which she assigned two existing species, B. simpliciuscula and B. andoi Okamura 1907. T A X O N OF UNCERTAIN VALUE Philippine records for Bostrychia intricata are under the following infraspecific taxon, which has not been formally transferred to it. Bostrychia mixta J. Hooker and Harvey f. inermis Post Bostrychia mixta J. Hooker and Harvey f. inermis Post, 1936: 7, 42 [syntype localities: Indonesia; Queensland, Australia].?Post, 1938:211. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Bostrychia kelanensis Grunow Bostrychia kelanensis Grunow in Post, 1936:20 [type locality: Kelana, Papua New Guinea].?Post, 1936:20, 21 , 22; 1938:205.?Tanaka, 1967:20, figs. 9, 10, pi. H:A.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Cor? dero, 1977a:193. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal. SULU: Sulu. Bostrychia moritziana (Sonder ex Kutzing) J. Agardh Polysiphonia (?) moritziana Sonder ex Kutzing, 1849:838 [syntype localities: Antilles; Cayenne, French Guiana]. Bostrychia moritziana (Sonder ex Kutzing) J. Agardh, 1863 [1851- 1863]:862.?Post, 1938:204; 1939:15. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal, Quezon. Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne Rhodomela radicans Montagne, 1840:198, pi. 5: fig. 3 [type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana]. Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne, 1842b:661.?Post, 1938:205; 1939:15, 16.?Hamoy and Garciano, 1975:71.?Fortes and Trono , 1980:65, fig. 9 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:74.?Fortes, 1981b:396.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153. Bostrychia rivularis Harvey, 1853:57, pi. XIV:C [syntype localities: various, all in Atlantic USA].?Hamoy and Garciano, 1975:71. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal, Quezon, MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU. Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh Fucus tenellus Vahl, 1802:45 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Plocamium tenellum Lamouroux, 1813:138. Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh, 1863 [ 1851-1863]:869.?Post, 1936:25, 26; 1938:206.?Trono, 1973a: 138.?Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977a:195, fig. 210; 1978a:52; 1979b:295.?Reyes, 1980:140, pi. 12, fig. 6.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381.?Cordero, 1984b:67. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Quezon, MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. SI? QUIJOR. PALAWAN. NOTE.?Fucus tenellus Vahl, the intended basionym of Bostrychia tenella, is a later homonym of F. tenellus Esper (1800:197, pi. CIX) and hence not priorable. Plocamium tenellum Lamouroux is treated as a nomen novum in ac? cordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Chondria C. Agardh Chondria armata (Kutzing) Okamura Lophura armata Kutzing, 1866:2, pi. 3: figs, a, b [type locality: New Cale? donia]. Chondria armata (Kutzing) Okamura, 1907 [ 1907-1909]:69.?Quisum? bing, 1951:1008.?Cordero, 1977a: 195, fig. 211, pi. XXVI:c; 1980b:62.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Quezon, Sorsogon. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Chondria crassicaulis Harvey Chondria crassicaulis Harvey, 1860a:330 [syntype localities: Shimoda and Hakodate, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a: 196, fig. 212. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. Chondria curvilineata Collins and Hervey Chondria curvilineata Collins and Hervey, 1917:120, pi. II: figs. 10, 11 [type locality: Heron Bay, Bermuda].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. NUMBER 27 63 Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh Fucus dasyphyllus Woodward, 1794:239, pi. 23: figs. 1-3 [syntype locali? ties: Cromer and Yarmouth, Norfolk, England]. Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh, 1817:xviii. Weber- van Bosse, 1923:352.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:135.?Cor? dero, 1977a:196, fig. 213; 1978a :55 . -Chan , 1981:387.?Cordero, 1984a:106. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. LEYTE. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Chondria polyrhiza Collins and Hervey Chondria polyrhiza Collins and Hervey, 1917:121, pi. II: fig. 12 [type locality: Shelly Bay, Bermuda].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Chondria repens Brgesen Chondria repens Brgesen, 1924:299, figs. 40, 41 [type locality: Isla de Pascua (Easter Island)].?Cordero, 1977a: 198, fig. 214; 1980b:63 ? Saraya and Trono, 1982:50.?Cordero, 1984a: 106. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Cavite (Corregidor I.), SIQUIJOR. Chondria sedifolia Harvey Chondria sedifolia Harvey, 1853:19, pi. XVIILc [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Reyes, 1980:141, pi. 13, fig. 5. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Chondria seticulosa (Forsskal) C. Agardh Conferva seticulosa Forsskal, 1775:188 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Chondria seticulosa (Forsskal) C. Agardh, 1822a:345. Laurencia seticulosa (Forsskal) Greville, 1830:lii.?Quisumbing, 1951:1010. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. *Chondria sibogae Weber-van Bosse Chondria sibogae Weber-van Bosse, 1923:350, fig. 134. [syntype localities: Lombok I. and Borneo Bank, Indonesia; North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Digenea C. Agardh Digenea simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh Conferva simplex Wulfen, 1803:17 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Digenea simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822a:389.?G. Blanco, 1938 512.?Quisumbing, 1951:49.?Sulit, Navarro, and San Juan, 1952 167.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166, fig. 5:3.?Antonio, 1962 13.?Domantay, 1968:26.?Velasquez, 1971:449, fig. 35 .?Trono , 1973a: 140, fig. 16.?Cordero, 1976c:6, 8, 10; 1977a:200, figs. 216, 217; 1978a:52; 1980b:63, fig. 24, pi. 41.?Moreland, 1980:51.? Xrono and Fortes, 1980:74.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:153.?Tungpalan, 1984:138. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Bataan, Manila, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. PALAWAN. Enantiocladia Falkenberg Enantiocladia okamurae Yamada Enantiocladia okamurae Yamada, 1930b:27 ["okamurai"] [syntype localities: various, all in Japan.]?Cordero, 1977a:201, fig. 220.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984a:60, fig. 50. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Endosiphonia Zanardini Endosiphonia spinuligera Zanardini Endosiphonia spinuligera Zanardini, 1878:35 [type locality: Wokam I., Aru Is., Indonesia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:354.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Sangasiapu I.). Exophyllum Weber-van Bosse *Exophyllum wentii Weber-van Bosse Exophyllum wentii Weber-van Bosse, 1911:29 [syntype localities: Savu I. and Borneo Bank, Indonesia; North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archi? pelago].?Weber-van Bosse, 1928:478.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. NOTE.?This alga, long considered of uncertain taxon? omic position, was assigned to the Rhodomelaceae by Hol? lenberg (1968d:81) on the basis of newly discovered sper? matangial plants. Herposiphonia Nageli Herposiphonia crassa Hollenberg Herposiphonia crassa Hollenberg, 1968c:539, figs. 12, 13 [type locality: Kahakuloa Bay, Maui, Hawaiian Is.].?Saraya and Trono , 1982:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Herposiphonia delicatula Hollenberg Herposiphonia delicatula Hollenberg, 1968c:540, figs. 1A,B, 2 H , 3 [includ? ing Philippine record] [type locality: Falas I., Truk Is., Caroline Is .] .? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Davao. 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Herposiphonia dendroidea Hollenberg Herposiphonia dendroidea Hollenberg, 1968c:543, figs. lc-E, 9 [type lo? cality: Raroia Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:65, fig. 12.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Biliran I.). Herposiphonia dendroidea var. minor Hollenberg Herposiphonia dendroidea var. minor Hollenberg, 1968c:543, figs. 7, 24 [type locality: Raroia Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:66, fig. 14.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR: Eastern Samar (Manicani I.), CEBU. Herposiphonia nuda Hollenberg Herposiphonia nuda Hollenberg, 1968c:548, figs. 2E,F, 8 [type locality: Ilio Point, Molokai, Hawaiian Is.].?Chan, 1981:387. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Herposiphonia obscura Hollenberg Herposiphonia obscura Hollenberg, 1968c:549, fig. 25 [type locality: Ewa Beach, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:66, fig. 13.? Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU. Herposiphonia pacifica Hollenberg Herposiphonia pacifica Hollenberg, 1968c:549, figs. 2A,B, 4, 19 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Maalea, Maui, Hawaiian Is.].?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Surigao. Herposiphonia parca Setchell Herposiphonia parca Setchell, 1926:103, pi. 20: fig. 2 [type locality: Arue Reef, Tahiti].?Hollenberg, 1968c:552.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:66.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. LEYTE. MINDANAO: Davao. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (Ca? gayan Sulu I., Siasi I.). Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn Hutchinsia secunda C. Agardh, 1824:149 [type locality: Mediterranean Sea]. Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:197. Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Ambronn f. secunda (C. Agardh) Hol? lenberg, 1968c:556.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. MIN? DANAO: Surigao. Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn f. tenella (C. Agardh) Wynne Hutchinsia tenella C. Agardh, 1828:105 [type locality: Sicily]. Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:197.?Hollenberg, 1968c:555.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:181, pi. 3: fig. 22.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:26.? Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:50, pi. X: fig. 4. Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn f. tenella (C. Agardh) Wynne, 1985a: 173. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas. CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). NOTE.?Hollenberg (1968c:556) reduced Herposiphonia secunda to the rank of a form of Herposiphonia tenella. Because Hutchinsia secunda C. Agardh (1824:149), the bas? ionym of Herposiphonia secunda, is older than Hutchinsia tenella C. Agardh (1828:105), the basionym of Herposi? phonia tenella, the relationship of the two taxa must be reversed. Herposiphonia subdisticha Okamura Herposiphonia subdisticha Okamura, 1899a:37, pi. 1: figs. 12-14 [syntype localities: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture and "Boshu" (Chiba Prefec? ture), Japan].?Cordero, 1976c:8, 10; 1977a:202, figs. 218, 219; 1978a:53; 1984a:106. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Herposiphonia trichia Hollenberg Herposiphonia trichia Hollenberg, 1968c:557, fig. 1G [type locality: Yap I. Caroline Is.].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:66. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Herposiphonia plumula (J. Agardh) Falkenberg Polysiphonia plumula J. Agardh, 1885:99 [type locality: Santa Barbara, California, USA]. Herposiphonia plumula (J. Agardh) Falkenberg, 1901:728.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984a:60, fig. 51 [miscited fig. 53]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Laurencia Lamouroux Laurencia brongniartii J. Agardh Laurencia brongniartii J. Agardh, 1841:20 [type locality: Martinique].? Cordero, 1977a:204, pi. XXVH:A.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:145; 1984:180.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:55, fig. 45; 1984b: 129. Laurencia concinna Montagne, 1842a:6 [type locality: Toud I. [Warrior NUMBER 27 65 Islet], Torres Strait, Australia].?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:346.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151. Laurenciagrevilleana Harvey, 1855:545 [type locality: Rottnest I., Western Australia, Australia].?Tahil, 1978:52.?Guzman, 1981:44. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Zamboanga. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Tongquil I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Saito and Wom? ersley 1974:839). Laurencia capituliformis Yamada Laurencia capituliformis Yamada, 193lb:217, pi. 14 [type locality: Oshima, Aomori Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:205. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Laurencia caraibica P.C. Silva Laurencia nana Howe, 1920:566 [type locality: Mariguana (Mayaguana) I., Bahama Is.] [replaced name].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. Laurencia caraibica P.C. Silva, 1972:205. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Laurencia caraibica is a substitute name for L. nana Howe, a later homonym of L. nana (C. Agardh) Greville (1830:lii). Laurencia carolinensis Saito Laurencia carolinensis Saito, 1969:154, figs. 6, 7 [type locality: Helen Reef, Caroline Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:205. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. Laurencia cartilaginea Yamada Laurencia cartilaginea Yamada, 1931b:230, fig. O, pi. 19: fig. a [syntype localities: Chikuzen and Iyo provinces (Fukuoka and Ehime prefectures), Japan].?Mefiez, 1961:76.?Saito, 1968:89; 1969:154.?Velasquez, 1971:453, fig. 38.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:181, 182, 183.? Kraft, 1972:332.?Reyes, 1972:159.?Trono, 1972a:88; 1973d:22,pl. 11: fig. 11.?Trono and Bina, 1973:11.?Velasquez et al., 1973:32, pi. 14: fig. 68.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Trono, 1974b:97; 1974e:18.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1977a:206, fig. 221; 1978a:57.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:42.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:99.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:75.?Trono and Gan? zon-Fortes, 1980:101, fig. [s.n].?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.?Trono andDe Lara, 1981:21, pi. XII: fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Occidental Min? doro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. SAMAR: Western Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), PANAY: Iloilo. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Zam? boanga (Sacol I.), Surigao. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Laurencia ceylanica J. Agardh Laurencia ceylanica J. Agardh, 1876:660 [type locality: Sri Lanka].? Mefiez, 1961:76.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Laurencia chondrioides Brgesen Laurencia chondrioides B^rgesen, 1918:252, figs. 243-246 [type locality: St. Jan (St. John), Virgin Is.].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Laurencia clavata Sonder Laurencia clavata Sonder, 1853:694 [type locality: Lefevre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:346.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Tongquil I.). Laurencia columellaris Brgesen Laurencia columellaris B^rgesen, 1945:53, figs. 28-30 [type locality: Reun? ion].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Laurencia composita Yamada Laurencia composita Yamada, 1931b:236, figs. R, s, pi. 23 [syntype locali? ties: Enoshima (Kanagawa Prefecture) and Mera (Chiba Prefecture), Japan].?Cordero, 1977a:206, pi. XXVIILA.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:55, fig. 46; 1984b:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. PALA? WAN. Laurencia corallopsis (Montagne) Howe Sphaerococcus corallopsis Montagne, 1842c:49, pi. I l l : fig. 1 [type locality: La Habana, Cuba].?Martens, 1868:31, 96-97.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151. Laurencia corallopsis (Montagne) Howe, 1918:519.?Cordero, 1977a:208, fig. 222; 1978a:57. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. Laurencia decumbens Kutzing Laurencia decumbens Kutzing, 1863:18 [type locality: New Caledonia].? Cordero, 1977a:208. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR: Western Samar. 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Laurencia distichophylla J. Agardh Laurencia distichophylla J. Agardh, 1852 [ 1851-1863]:762 [type locality: "in oceano australi?"].?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Laurencia forsteri (Mertens ex Turner) Greville Fucus forsteri Mertens ex Turner , 1809:15, pi. 77 [lectotype locality: Australia (probably King George Sound, Western Australia) fide Saito and Womersley, 1974:824]. Laurencia forsteri (Mertens ex Turner) Greville, 1830:lii.?Cordero, 1977a:208. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Laurencia glandulifera (Kutzing) Kutzing Chondria glandulifera Kutzing, 1845:329 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Laurencia glandulifera (Kutzing) Kutzing, 1849:855.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:209, fig. 223, pi. XXVII :D; 1984a: 107.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 130.?Tungpa? lan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, CEBU (Mactan I.), SULU. Laurencia implicata J. Agardh Laurencia implicata J. Agardh, 1852 [1852-1863]:745 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Chondria intricata Montagne, 1842c:41 [type locality: Cuba]. Laurencia intricata (Montagne) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, 1852 [1852- 1863]:750 [footnote].?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:210, figs. 225, 226; 1978a:58.?Trono and Ang, 1982:25. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). N O T E . ? T h e name Laurencia intricata Lamouroux has been applied to this species, but it is not correct. Lamouroux (1813:131, pi. 9: figs. 8, 9) failed to provide a description, as did C. Agardh (1817:xvm) when transferring the species to Chondria. The first description was provided by Mon? tagne under the name Chondria intricata. The species was returned to Laurencia by J. Agardh, but the resulting bi? nomial is a later homonym of L. intricata Suhr (1840:265). The conspecificity of L. implicata]. Agardh and L. intricata (Montagne) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh was proposed by Howe (1918:518). Laurencia intermedia Yamada Laurencia intermedia Yamada, 1931b: 191, pi. 1: fig. c; pi. 2 [type locality: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:209, fig. 224; 1978a:57.?Guz? man, 1981:42, 46, 47, 48.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:145.?Cordero, 1984a: 107.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, CEBU (Mactan I.). Laurencia japonica Yamada Laurencia japonica Yamada, 1931b:211, fig. L, pi. 11 [syntype localities: Amatsu and Emi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan].?Mefiez, 1961:77.?Saito, 1968:86; 1969:152.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151.?Trono and Ang, 1982:25. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Que? zon. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.). Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. majuscula Harvey, 1863: xxvi [syntype localities: Rottnest I., Western Australia and Cape Shank, Bass Strait, Australia]. Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas, 1935:223.?Saito, 1968:84; 1969:149.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1977a:210, fig. 227.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:42. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Albay. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Laurencia mariannensis Yamada Laurencia mariannensis Yamada, 1931b:200, figs. F, G, pi. 5: fig. b [type locality: Saipan, Mariana Is.].?Saito, 1969:151.?Trono and Bina, 1973:11.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. Laurencia nidificaj. Agardh Laurencia nidifica ]. Agardh, 1852[1852-1863]:749 [type locality: Ha? waiian Is.].?Cordero, 1977a:211, fig. 228. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan. Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux Fucus obtusus Hudson, 1778:586 [syntype localities: Hastings, Sussex and Devonshire, England]. Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1813:130.?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Martens, 1868:100-101.?Dickie, 1874a: 192. ?Canto? ria, Velasquez, and Valenzuela, 1951:296, footnote.?Mefiez, 1961:76.?Saito, 1968:84 [var. obtusa]; 1969:150 [var. obtusa].?Wes? ternhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1977a:211, fig. 229; 1977a:213 [var. obtusa]; 1978a:58; 1979b:294; 1980b:64, pi. 42 [var. obtusa].? Trono and Fortes, 1980:75.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:22.? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, 1982a: fig. 14.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:53.?Trono and Ang, 1982:25.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:154.?Cordero, 1984a: 107 [var. obtusa]; 1984c:55. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Albay. MASBATE. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). NUMBER 27 67 Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. dendroidea (J. Agardh) Yamada Laurencia dendroidea J. Agardh 1852 [1852-1863]:753 [type locality: Brazil].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:343.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151. Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. dendroidea (J. Agardh) Ya? mada, 193 lb:224.?Saito, 1968:84; 1969:150. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO, SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. densa Yamada Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. densa Yamada, 1931b: 226 [type locality: Daibanratsu, Taiwan].?Cordero, 1977a:213. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada Laurencia paniculata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh var. snackeyi Weber-van Bosse, 1923:342 [type locality: Semau I., Indonesia]. Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux var. snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada, 193 lb:225.?Saito, 1968:85; 1969:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO. Laurencia okamurae Yamada Laurencia okamurae Yamada, 1931b:206, figs. J, K, pi. 7 ["okamurai"] [syntype localities: various, in Japan and China].?Galutira and Velas? quez, 1964:509, pi. 5: fig. 17; pi. 9: fig. 36.?Velasquez, 1972:63.? Cordero, 1977a:213, fig. 231; 1979b:294.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.? Trono and Fortes, 1980:75.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:23.?Guzman, 1981:43, 49.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:154.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 130.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Que? zon, PANAY: Aklan. Laurencia palisada Yamada Laurencia palisada Yamada, 193lb: 196, figs. C, D, pi. 4: fig. o [syntype localities: Kotosho (Hung-t'ou) and Takao, Taiwan].?Cordero, 1977a:214, fig. 232, pi. X X V I I : C , E ; 1978a:59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. SIQUIJOR. Laurencia papulosa (C. Agardh) Greville Fucus papillosus Forsskal, 1775:190 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Chondria papulosa C. Agardh, 1822a:344. Laurencia papulosa (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:lii.?Montagne, 1844a:662.?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:713.?Martens, 1868:100- 101.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Quisumbing, 1951:1011.?Zaneveld, 1956:44; 1959:123.?Domantay, 1962:292.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:509, pi. 5: fig. 16; pi. 9: fig. 35a,b.?Saito, 1968:92.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:29, fig. 31.?Saito, 1969:158.?Velasquez, 1971:449, fig. 37.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172.?Kraft, 1972:328.?Reyes, 1972:159.?Trono, 1972a: 107.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Cordero, 1973b:33.?Bersamin et al., 1973:187.?Trono, 1973d:21,pl. 11: fig. 9 ? T r o n o and Bina, 1973:12.?Velasquez et al., 1973:32, pi. 14: fig. 69.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?De Leon, 1974:31, 32 photo [s.n.], fig. [s.n.].?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Trono, 1974b:96; 1974e: 18.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table 1).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:215, figs. 233-235; 1978a:58; 1979b:276.?Velas? quez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:64, fig. 25, pi. 43.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:100.?Reyes, 1980:139, pi. 12: fig. 4a,b. ? T r o n o and Fortes, 1980:74.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:103, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:21, pi. XII: fig. 2.?Calumpong, 1982:145.? Cordero, 1982a:60.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:51.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:154?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:145.?Cordero, 1984a:107; 1984b:67; 1984c:56.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:180?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984a:57, fig. 47; 1984b: 130.?Tungpalan, 1984:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Ori? ental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (incl. Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Antique (incl. Panagatan Cays), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Surigao del Sur. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Fucus papillosus Forsskal, the intended basionym of Laurencia papulosa, is a later homonym of F. papillosus S.G. Gmelin (1768:188) and hence not priorable. Chondria papulosa C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accord? ance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Laurencia parvipapillata Tseng Laurencia parvipapillata Tseng, 1943:204, pi. IV [type locality: Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong].?Saito, 1968:93; 1969:159.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.? Saraya and Trono, 1982:52, pi. XI: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN. Laurencia patentiramea (Montagne) Kutzing Chondria obtusa (Hudson) C. Agardh var. patentiramea Montagne, 1836:322, pi. 18: fig. 3 [type locality: Meze, Herault, France]. Laurencia patentiramea (Montagne) Kutzing, 1849:854. Chondria obtusa (Hudson) C. Agardh var. paniculata C. Agardh, 1822a:343 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Laurencia paniculata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1852 [1852-1863]:755. Cordero, 1977a:214, fig. 230; 1979b:294.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:52.?Trono and Ang, 1982:24. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). 68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Laurencia patentiramea and L. paniculata was proposed by Ardissone (1883:329). As a species, L. patentiramea dates from 1843, as Chondria paten? tiramea (Montagne) Kutzing (1843b:437), while L. panicu? lata dates from 1852. Moreover, L. paniculata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh is a later homonym of L. paniculata Kutzing (1849:855). Laurencia tropica Yamada Laurencia tropica Yamada, I931b:233, figs. B, Q, pi. 20 [type locality: Saipan, Mariana Is.].?Cordero, I977a:2 l7 , fig. 237.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984b: 130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SIQUI? JOR. Laurencia pinnata Yamada Laurencia pinnata Yamada, 1931b:242, pi. 28 [type locality: Enoshima (Kanagawa Prefecture), Japan].?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:217, fig. 236, pi. X X V I L B . ? C o r d e r o , 1978a:59 [L. pinnata prox.].?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Batangas. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Laurencia poiteaui (Lamouroux) Howe Fucus poiteaui Lamouroux, 1805:63, pi. XXXI: figs. 2, 3 [" poitei" ][iype locality: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic]. Laurencia poiteaui (Lamouroux) Howe, 1918:518 ["poitei"].?Western? hagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). NOTE.?Lamouroux, in naming this species after its col? lector, Pierre Antoine Poiteau, incorrectly spelled the epi? thet poitei. This spelling is automatically correctable in ac? cordance with Article 73.1 of the ICBN. Laurencia subsimplex Tseng Laurencia subsimplex Tseng, 1943:202, pi. I l l : figs. 4 -6 [type locality: Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong].?Saito, 1968:87; 1969:153.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. Laurencia surculigera Tseng Laurencia surculigera Tseng, 1943:192, pi. I: figs. 4, 5 [type locality: Stanley Bay, Hong Kong].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:67.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. *Laurencia tronoi Ganzon-Fortes Laurencia tronoi Ganzon-Fortes, 1983:404, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Batan? gas Prov., Luzon].?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:105, fig. [s.n.] [Laurencia sp.].?Ganzon-Fortes and Trono, 1982:27, figs. 1, 2 [Lauren? cia sp.]. Laurencia undulata Yamada Laurencia undulata Yamada, 1931b:243, fig. T, pi. 29: fig. a [type locality: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1977a:219, figs. 238, 239; 1978a:59 [L. undulata prox.].?Tahil, 1978:52.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:42.?Cor? dero, 1980b:65, pi. 44; 1984a: 108; 1984c:56. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Quezon, MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I . ) . SIQUIJOR. Laurencia venusta Yamada Laurencia venusta Yamada, 1931b:203, fig. H, pi. 6: fig. a [syntype locali? ties: Koshiki-jima (Kagoshima Prefecture) and Goto (Nagasaki Prefec? ture), Japan].?Saraya and Trono , 1982:53. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Laurencia yamadana Howe Laurencia yamadana Howe. 1934:37, fig. 4 [type locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Trono, 1973d:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Leveillea Decaisne Leveillea jungermannioides (Hering and Martens) Harvey Amansia jungermannioides Hering and Martens in Martens and Hering, 1836:485, figs. 1-4 [type locality: Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt]. Polyzonia jungermannioides (Hering and Martens) J. Agardh, 1841:25.? Piccone, 1886:84, 90.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161. Leveillea jungermannioides (Hering and Martens) Harvey, 1855:539 ["Le- veillia"].?Menez, 1961:75.?Reyes, 1972:159.?Cornejo and Velas? quez, 1972:181, pi. 5: fig. 38 .?Trono and Bina, 1973:12.?Trono, 1973d:21.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977a:221, fig. 244; 1978a:53.?Trono, 1978:20.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:16.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:28, fig. 40.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:65.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:100.?Reyes, 1980:140, pi. 13: fig. 1.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:53, pi. XI: fig. L?Trono and Ang, 1982:22.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:58, fig. 49. Leveillea gracilis Decaisne, 1839:376 [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Martens, 1868:102-103.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi- NUMBER 27 69 nan, Manila, Cavite, Batangas. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE (Ticao I.), SA? MAR: Western Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Falkenberg (1901:392). Polysiphonia Greville Polysiphonia apiculata Hollenberg Polysiphonia apiculata Hollenberg, 1968a:61, figs. I D , 8, 9 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Pokai Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.] .? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Lophocladia (J. Agardh) Schmitz Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) Schmitz Dasya lallemandii Montagne, 1849:289 ("lallemandi"] [type locality: Red Sea]. Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) Schmitz, 1893:223 ["lallemandi"].? Weber-van Bosse, 1923:362.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Lophosiphonia Falkenberg Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenberg Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenberg, 1901:499, pi. 9: figs. 7-10 [type locality: Napoli, Italy].?Hollenberg, 1968d:80.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:152. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. Murrayella Schmitz Murrayella periclados (C. Agardh) Schmitz Hutchinsia periclados C. Agardh, 1828:101 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Murrayella periclados (C. Agardh) Schmitz, 1893:227.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:67, fig. 15.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Neurymenia J. Agardh Neurymenia fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) J. Agardh Fucus fraxinifolius Mertens ex Turner , 1811:140, pi. 193 [type locality: "East Indies"]. Neurymenia fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) J. Agardh, 1863 [1852- 1863J.1135.?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Trono, 1973a: 139, fig. 20.?Velas? quez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:156.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:222, figs. 242, 245; 1978a:55.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Sorsogon. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. Polysiphonia beaudettei Hollenberg Polysiphonia beaudetti Hollenberg in Hollenberg and Dawson, 1961:348, pi. 1: fig. 4 [type locality: Isla Grande, Guerrero, Mexico].?Hollenberg, 1968a:62.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawi? tawi (Turtle Is.). Polysiphonia ferulacea Suhr ex J. Agardh Polysiphonia ferulacea Suhr ex J. Agardh, 1863 [1852-1863]:980 [syntype localities: Atlantic Mexico; Guadeloupe; Australia; Marquesas Is.; Ha? waiian Is.].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:357.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:160.?Trono and Ang, 1982:23. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). Polysiphonia flabellulata Harvey Polysiphonia flabellulata Harvey, 1860a:330 [type locality: Tanega-shima, Osumi-gunto, Japan].?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Polysiphonia forf ex Harvey Polysiphonia for cipata Harvey, 1855:541 [lectotype locality: Rottnest I., Western Australia, Australia fide Womersley, 1979:495] [replaced name].?Cordero, 1977a:223. Polysiphonia forf ex Harvey, 1859: pi. XCVI. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. NOTE.?Polysiphonia forfex is a substitute name for P. forcipata Harvey, a later homonym of P. forcipata]. Agardh (1842:127). Polysiphonia fragilis Suringar Polysiphonia fragilis Suringar, 1867:259 [type locality: "in mari Japon- ico"].?Cordero, 1978a:50. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Polysiphonia gorgoniae Harvey Polysiphonia gorgoniae Harvey, 1853:39 [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:173, 180, pi. 5: figs. 37, 37a, 376.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161. 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. Polysiphonia hawaiiensis Hollenberg Polysiphonia hawaiiensis Hollenberg, 1968a:66, figs. 2F , 16, 41 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Waikiki, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Tawitawi. Polysiphonia howei Hollenberg Polysiphonia howei Hollenberg in W.R. Taylor, 1945:302, fig. 3 [type locality: Whale Cay, Berry Is., Bahama Is.].?Hollenberg, 1968b:203.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977a:224, fig. 243; 1978a:50. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. MINDANAO: Davao. Polysiphonia mollis J. Hooker and Harvey Polysiphonia mollis J. Hooker and Harvey in Harvey, 1847 [1847- 1849]:43 [type locality: Tasmania, Australia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1923:356 [with query].?Hollenberg, 1968a:69.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1977a:226, figs. 246-249; 1978a:51.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Polysiphonia mollis J. Hooker and Harvey var. tongatensis (Harvey ex Kutzing) Hollenberg Polysiphonia tongatensis Harvey ex Kutzing, 1864:14, pi. 41 : figs, a-d [type locality: Tonga]. Polysiphonia mollis J. Hooker and Harvey var. tongatensis (Harvey ex Kutzing) Hollenberg, 1968a:69 [including Philippine record]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg, 1942:777, figs. 2, 3, 12, 13 [type locality: Santa Cruz, California, USA].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg var. delicatula Hollenberg Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg var. delicatula Hollenberg, 1942:778 [type locality: Monterey, California, USA].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:67. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR: Eastern Samar (Manicani I.). Polysiphonia poko Hollenberg Polysiphonia poko Hollenberg, 1968a:70, fig. 3A [type locality: Johnson Atoll].?Chan, 1981:387. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Polysiphonia savatieri Hariot Polysiphonia savatieri Hariot, 1891:226 [type locality: Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Hollenberg, 1968a:77.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO: Surigao. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (Cagayan Sulu I., Siasi I.). Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey, 1855:540 [type locality: Rottnest I., West? ern Australia, Australia].?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey var. villum (J. Agardh) Hollenberg Polysiphonia villum]. Agardh, 1863 [1852-1863]:941 [type locality: "ad littus Americae tropicae" (Mexico)]. Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey var. villum (J. Agardh) Hollenberg, 1968a:81 [including Philippine record].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161 [without designation of variety].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:68. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR: Eastern Samar (Manicani I.). MINDANAO: Davao. Polysiphonia setacea Hollenberg Polysiphonia setacea Hollenberg, 1968a:85, figs. 5 A - C [including Philippine record] [type locality: Koko Head, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1977a:226, fig. 253. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO: Surigao, Davao. Polysiphonia sparsa (Setchell) Hollenberg Lophosiphonia sparsa Setchell, 1926:103, pi. 21 : figs. 3, 4 [type locality: Arue Reef, Tahiti]. Polysiphonia sparsa (Setchell) Hollenberg, 1968a:87 [including Philippine record].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Tawitawi. Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa B0rgesen Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa B0rgesen, 1918:271, figs. 267-271 [type local? ity: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:180, pi. 5: NUMBER 27 71 figs. 36, 36a,6.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161.?Chan, 1981:387. Tolypiocladia Schmitz PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan- Tolypiocladia calodictyon (Harvey ex Kutzing) P.C. Silva gas. Polysiphonia subtilissima Montagne Polysiphonia subtilissima Montagne, 1840:199 [type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana].?Cordero, 1977a:226, figs. 250, 251.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:28, fig. 35.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal, Manila, Cav? ite, Batangas. Polysiphonia tepida Hollenberg Polysiphonia tepida Hollenberg, 1958:65, fig. 1 [type locality: Beaufort, North Carolina, USA].?Cordero, 1977a:227, figs. 252, 254; 1978a:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Polysiphonia triton P.C. Silva, new name Polysiphonia tenuis Hollenberg, 1968a:92, figs. 6B,C [type locality: Johnson Atoll] [replaced name],?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Polysiphonia triton is proposed as a substitute name for P. tenuis Hollenberg, a later homonym of P. tenuis (C. Agardh) E.M. Fries (1836[1835-1837]:314). Polysiphonia tsudana Hollenberg Polysiphonia tsudana Hollenberg, 1968b:205, figs. 1F,G, 2 C [type locality: Laysan Islet, Leeward Is., Hawaiian Is.].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:68, fig. 10.?Fortes, 198 lb: 396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Iloilo. Polysiphonia upolensis Grunow Polysiphonia upolensis Grunow, 1874:49 [type locality: Upolu I., Western Samoa].?Hollenberg, 1968a:94.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Cordero, 1977a:227, figs. 255-257; 1978a:51.?Chan, 1981:387.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:51, pi. XI: fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasinan. CENTRAL VISAYAS. MINDANAO: Davao. PALA? WAN (Balabac I.). SULU: Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). NOTE.?Grunow published this species as Polysiphonia (tongatensis var.?) upolensis, which was his way of indicating some doubt that the new entity should be recognized at specific rank. Nonetheless, the binomial should be attrib? uted directly to Grunow rather than to (Grunow) Hollen? berg (1968a:94). Polysiphonia calodictyon Harvey ex Kutzing, 1864:16, pi. 46: figs, a-c [type locality: Tonga]. Tolypiocladia calodictyon (Harvey ex Kutzing) P.C. Silva, 1952a:308.? Trono, 1972a: 106; 1973a: 137, fig. 17.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:107, fig. [s.n.].?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Saraya and Trono , 1982:54, pi. XI: fig. 4 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:23. Roschera africana Sonder, 1879:81, pi. I: figs. 5-11 [including Philippine record] [type locality: Zanzibar, Tanzania]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Sorsogon. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?Roschera africana is included as a synonym on the authority of Weber-van Bosse (1923:359). *Tolypiocladia condensata (Weber-van Bosse) P.C. Silva Roschera condensata Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: pi. V: fig. 3; 1923:359 [syntype localities: various in Indonesia; Sangasiapu I., Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. Tolypiocladia condensata (Weber-van Bosse) P.C. Silva, 1952a:308.?Do? mantay, 1962:294.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:165.?Trono and Ang, 1982:24. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Tolypiocladia glomerulata (C. Agardh) Schmitz Hutchinsia glomerulata C. Agardh, 1824:158 [type locality: Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia]. Tolypiocladia glomerulata (C. Agardh) Schmitz in Schmitz and Haupt? fleisch, 1897 [1896-1897]:442.?De Toni, 1903:964.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:182, pi. 3: fig. 24 .?Trono, 1973a:137; 1973d:21; 1974b:95.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165.?Cordero, 1977a:229.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:26, fig. 39.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:100?Reyes, 1980:140, pi. 13, fig. 2a -c?Chan , 1981:387.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:20, pi. XII: fig. 3.?Saraya and Trono, 1982:54.?Trono and Ang, 1982:23.? Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:18. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Cavite, Batangas. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Vidalia Lamouroux ex J. Agardh Vidalia obtusiloba (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Rytiphlaea obtusiloba C. Agardh, 1824:161 [type locality: Brazil]. Vidalia obtusiloba (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1863 [1852-1863] : ! 123. Cordero, 1976c:8, 10; 1977a:230, fig. 260; 1978a:54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES FAMILIA INCERTAE SEDIS Family WURDEMANNIACEAE Wurdemannia Harvey Wurdemannia miniata (Sprengel) Feldmann and Hamel Fucus miniatus Draparnaud ex De Candolle, 1815:6 [type locality: Mont- pellier, Herault, France]. Sphaerococcus miniatus Sprengel, 1827:340. Wurdemannia miniata (Sprengel) Feldmann and Hamel, 1934:544.?Do? mantay, 1962:294.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977a:77; 1978a:24.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:381. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Fucus miniatus Draparnaud ex De Candolle, the intended basionym of Wurdemannia miniata, is a later homo? nym ofF. miniatus O.F. Miiller (1778:7, pi. 769) and hence not priorable. Sphaerococcus miniatus Sprengel is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Class PHAEOPHYCEAE Order ECTOCARPALES Family ECTOCARPACEAE Feldmannia Hamel Feldmannia columellaris (B0rgesen) Islam Ectocarpus columellaris B#rgesen, 1936:71, fig. 4 [type locality: Galle, Sri Lanka].?Saraya and Trono , 1980:26. Feldmannia columellaris (B^rgesen) Islam, 1976:32. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Feldmannia formosana (Yamada) Itono Ectocarpus formosanus Yamada, 1950:182, fig. 3 [type locality: Ryukyu- sho (Lambai I.), Taiwan]. Feldmannia formosana (Yamada) Itono, 1973:162.?Cordero, 1981d:64, fig. 5 ["formosanus"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Aklan. Feldmannia indica (Sonder) Womersley and Bailey Ectocarpus indicus Sonder in Zollinger, 1854:2, 3, footnote [type locality: Bima Bay, Sumbawa I., Indonesia].?Agor, 1962:34.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:175, pi. 1: figs. 11, 1 l a .?Trono , 1972a:99.?Trono and Santos-Maranan, 1974a:2, fig. 1.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:8, fig. 1.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Reyes, 1980:119, pi. Lfigs. \a,b.? Chan, 1981:387,389.? Fortes, 1981b:396. Feldmannia indica (Sonder) Womersley and Bailey, 1970:288. Ectocarpus duchassaingianus Grunow, 1867:45, footnote, pi. IV: fig. 1 [type locality: Guadeloupe]. Giffordia duchassaingiana (Grunow) W.R. Taylor, 1960:207, pi. 29: fig. 10 ["duchassaigniana"].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. SULU: Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Womersley and Bailey (1970:288). Feldmannia irregularis (Kutzing) Hamel Ectocarpus irregularis Kutzing, 1845:234 [type locality: Adriatic Sea].? Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:175, pi. 1: fig. 10.?Trono and Santos- Maranan, 1974a:2, fig. 2.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141. Feldmannia irregularis (Kutzing) Hamel, 1939:xvn. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Hincksia J.E. Gray The reason for adopting Hincksia for the genus currently known as Giffordia is given in the appended Nomenclatural Notes. Hincksia breviarticulata (J. Agardh) P.C. Silva, new combination Ectocarpus breviarticulatus J. Agardh, 1847:7 [type locality: "St. Augustin" (Oaxaca, Mexico)].?Reyes, 1980:119, pi. 1: figs. 2a,b. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?This species was assigned to Feldmannia by Pham-Hoang Ho (1969:298). As noted by Womersley and Bailey (1970:288), however, it does not have the long unbranched filaments with basal meristems that are char? acteristic of that genus. It seems best placed in Hincksia. Hincksia mitchelliae (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination Ectocarpus mitchelliae Harvey, 1852:142, pi. XII. ["mitchellae"] [type local? ity: Nantucket, Massachusetts, USA].?Trono and Santos-Maranan, 1974a:3, fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Hincksia rallsiae (Vickers) P.C. Silva, new combination Ectocarpus rallsiae Vickers, 1905:59 [type locality: Barbados]. Giffordia rallsiae (Vickers) W.R. Taylor, 1960:208.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:382.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALA? WAN. Family RALFSIACEAE Ralfsia Berkeley Ralfsia fungiformis (Gunnerus) Setchell and Gardner Fucus fungiformis Gunnerus, 1772:107 [type locality: Iceland]. Ralfsia fungiformis (Gunnerus) Setchell and Gardner, 1924b: 11.?Agor, 1962:34. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. 73 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Order CUTLERIALES Family CUTLERIACEAE Cutleria Greville Cutleria cylindrica Okamura Cutleria cylindrica Okamura, 1902 [1900-1902]:85, pi. XXVIII [type locality: various, all in Japan].?Agor, 1962:34. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Order SPHACELARIALES Family SPHACELARIACEAE Sphacelaria Lyngbye Sphacelaria mucifera Sphacelaria mucifera.?Velasquez, 1980:127. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NOTE.?Velasquez did not give an author for this name and we have been unable to find its place of publication. Sphacelaria novae-hollandiae Sonder Sphacelaria novae-hollandiae Sonder, 1845:50 [type locality: Western Aus? tralia, Australia].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Sphacelaria rigidula Kutzing Sphacelaria rigidula Kutzing, 1843b:292 [type locality: Red Sea].?Mar? tens, 1868:23, 68-69.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. Sphacelaria furcigera Kutzing, 1855:27, pi. 90: fig. II [type locality: Karak (Khark) I., Iran].?Mefiez, 1961:59, pi. 9: figs. 103, 104; pi. 10: figs. 105-108; pi. 12: figs. 126, 127.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:175, 178, pi. 1: fig. 9; pi. 4: fig. 31.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Trono, 1976:214.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.? Menez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1984:105. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Sorsogon. MINDORO. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Prud'homme van Reine (1982:203). Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini, 1840:[2] [type locality: Golfo di Spezia, Italy].?Mefiez, 1961:59, pi. 11: figs. 122-125.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 15, figs, E-I .?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:26.?Chan, 1981:387.? Fortes, 1981b:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. Sphacelaria rigida Hering in Krauss, 1846:213 [type locality: "Natalbai" (Durban), South Africa].?Trono, 1978:9.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. MARINDUQUE. CEBU (Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Prud'homme van Reine (1982:179). Order DICTYOTALES Family DICTYOTACEAE Dictyopteris Lamouroux *Dictyopteris camiguinensis Tanaka Dictyopteris camiguinensis Tanaka, 1967:16, fig. 5, pi. 1:A [type locality: San Pio Quinto, Camiguin I., Babuyan Is., Cagayan Prov., Luzon].? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Dictyopteris delicatula Lamouroux Dictyopteris delicatula Lamouroux, 1809b:332, pi. 6: fig. 2 B [type locality: Antilles].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 181.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Dictyopteris divaricata (Okamura) Okamura Haliseris divaricata Okamura, 1907 [1907-1909]:57, pi. XIII; pi. XIV: fig. 5 [syntype localities: Cape Iwai, Miyage Prefecture and Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan]. Dictyopteris divaricata (Okamura) Okamura, 1932:75.?Cordero, 1980c:71, fig. 2.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Cordero, 1984a:83. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Dictyopteris jamaicensis W.R. Taylor Dictyopteris jamaicensis W.R. Taylor, 1960:631, pi. 32: fig. 2 [type locality: St. Catharine Parish, Jamaica].?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:9, fig. 3.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:27, pi. VII: figs. 1, 3.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Dictyopteris polypodioides (De Candolle) Lamouroux Fucus membranaceus Stackhouse, 1795 [1795-1801]: 13, pi. 6 [type locality: Sidmouth, Devonshire, England]. Polypodoidea membranacea Stackhouse, 1809:97. Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters, 1902:54.?Cordero, I984b:60. Fucus polypodioides Desfontaines, 1799 [ 1798-1799]:421 [type locality: "mare Numidico" (Algeria)]. NUMBER 27 75 Ulva polypodioides De Candolle in Lamarck and De Candolle, 1805:15. Dictyopteris polypodioides (De Candolle) Lamouroux, 1809b:332. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Fucus membranaceus Stack- house and Fucus polypodioides Desfontaines was proposed by Turner (1809:41). Both names are later homonyms, however, of F. membranaceus N.L. Burman (1768:32 [28 in error]) and F. polypodioides S.G. Gmelin (1768:186), respec? tively. A legitimate basionym was created for F. membrana? ceus by Stackhouse (1809) in transferring it into a new genus, Polypodoidea, but in the meantime a legitimate bas? ionym had been created for F. polypodioides by De Candolle (in Lamarck and De Candolle, 1805), who transferred it into Ulva. Both Ulva polypodioides and Polypodoidea mem? branacea are treated as legitimate new names in accordance with Article 72, Example 2, of the ICBN. Dictyopteris repens (Okamura) B^rgesen Haliseris repens Okamura, 1916:8, fig. 3, pi. I: figs. 7-18 [type locality: Truk Is., Caroline Is.]. Dictyopteris repens (Okamura) Btfrgesen, 1924:265.?Trono, 1973a:129, fig. 3; 1974a: 146.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10, 16, figs. L.M.?Trono, 1978:9?Saraya and Trono, 1980:26, pi. VII: fig. 4.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1984a:5, fig.4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Sorsogon. MARINDUQUE. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Dictyopteris undulata Holmes Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, 1896:251, pi. VIII: fig. 1 [type locality: Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Flores-Sian, 1959:97.?Doman? tay, 1962:282.?Manapat, 1969:37.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140.?Cordero, 1976c: 18. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. Dictyota Lamouroux Dictyota bartayresiana Lamouroux Dictyota bartayresiana Lamouroux, 1809a:43 [type locality: Antilles]. Dictyota bartayresii Lamouroux, 1809b:331.?Taylor, 1966b:354.?Wes? ternhagen, 1973a:65.?Trono, 1974a: 143.?Westernhagen, 1974:113 (table 1).?Trono, 1976:216.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO. PALAWAN (Balabac I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). NOTE.?Lamouroux's change of epithet from bartayre? siana to bartayresii was unwarranted. Collins and Hervey (1917:90, footnote) erred in believing that Lamouroux's paper in Desvaux's Journal de Botanique appeared after his paper in the Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences. The respective dates of publication were April 1809 (see Stafleu, 1967:105) and May 1809, respectively. Dictyota bartayresiana Lamouroux var. denticulata Kutzing Dictyota bartayresiana Lamouroux var. denticulata Kutzing, 1859:8, pi. 16: fig. II [type locality: Ilhas do Cabo Verde].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:183, pi. Ill: fig. 4.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141 [without designation of variety]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). NOTE.?Dictyota bartayresiana var. denticulata, which Kutzing illustrated using material from the Cape Verde Is. but did not describe, was validated by the citation of D. crenulata J. Agardh (1847:7, type locality: "St. Augustin" [Oaxaca, Mexico]) as a synonym. J. Agardh (1882:99), how? ever, doubted that Kiitzing's plant was conspecific with D. crenulata. Moreover, D. crenulata is recognized as a species of Dilophus by Nizamuddin and Gerloff (1980:867), so that the identity of Weber-van Bosse's material is very much in doubt. *Dictyota bidentata Harvey and Bailey Dictyota bidentata Harvey and Bailey, 1851:373 [type locality: Min? danao].?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:173, pi. VIII: figs. 6, 7.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Dictyota cervicornis Kutzing Dictyota cervicornis Kutzing, 1859:11, pi. 24: fig. II [type locality: Key West, Florida, USA].?Mefiez, 1961:63, pi. 12: fig. 133.?Taylor, 1966b:354.?Manapat, 1969:38.?Reyes, 1972:145.?Cordero, 1973b:23.?Velasquez et al., 1973:19, pi. 6: fig. 30.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141.? Puig and Cordero, 1979:30.?Reyes, 1980:119, pi. 1: fig. 4.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:27, pi. VIII: fig. 2.?Chan, 1981:387.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Ori? ental, SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Dictyota ceylanica Kutzing Dictyota ceylanica Kutzing, 1859:11, pi. 25: fig. I [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Martens, 1868:26, 80-81.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Dictyota ciliolata Kutzing Dictyota ciliolata Kutzing, 1859:12, pi. 27: fig. I [type locality: La Guaira, Venezuela].?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Saraya and Trono , 1980:29, pi. VIII: fig. 3. 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO. Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux Ulva dichotoma Hudson, 1762:476 [type locality: Walney I., Lancashire, England]. Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1809a:42.?Dickie, 1876a: 243.?De Toni, 1895b:263.?Howe, 1932:170.?Mefiez, 1961:62, pi. 12: fig. 136.?Agor, 1962:34.?Domantay, 1962:283.?Taylor, 1966b:355.?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Velasquez, 1971:441, fig. 19.? Reyes, 1972:145.?Cordero, 1973b:22.? Trono, 1973d: 11, pi. 8: fig. 30.?Velasquez et al., 1973:18, pi. 6: fig. 2 9 ? O r t e g a , Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187.?Trono, 1974a: 142.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141.?Trono and Young, 1977:58.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:11.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:9, fig. 4.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 284.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:30.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Reyes, 1980:119, pi. 1: fig. 3.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:28, pi. VIII: fig. 1.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:120.?Cor? dero, 1984a:82; 1984b:61; 1984c:52.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a: 3, fig. 2. Dictyota volubilis Kutzing, 1849:554 [type locality: Arromanches-les-Bains, Calvados, France].?Westernhagen, 1973a:66; 1974:113 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, Albay. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. LEYTE (Bi? liran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by J. Agardh (1882:92). Dictyota divaricata Lamouroux Dictyota divaricata Lamouroux, 1809a:43 [type locality: Mediterranean France].?Domantay, 1962:283.?Manapat, 1969:37, 3 8 ? T r o n o , 1972a: 100.?Velasquez e ta l . , 1973:19, pi. 7: fig. 31.?Westernhagen, 1973a:66.?Trono, 1974a: 142.?Westernhagen, 1974:113 (table I).? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141.?Trono, 1978:10.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:66.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:28, pi. VII: fig. 2.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:8: pi. V: figs. 1, 2 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:13. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Quezon, MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). MARINDUQUE. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Dictyota friabilis Setchell Dictyota friabilis Setchell, 1926:91, pi. 13: figs. 4 -7 [type locality: Tafaa Point, Tahiti]; pi. 20: fig. 1 .?Trono, 1974a:144; 1976:216.?Trono and Young, 1977:58.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:12.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. CATANDUANES. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Dictyota indica Sonder ex Kutzing Dictyota indica Sonder ex Kutzing, 1859:8, pi. 17: fig. I [type locality: La Habana, Cuba].?Mefiez, 1961:62.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Dictyota lata Lamouroux Dictyota lata Lamouroux, 1809a:43 [type locality: "Ind. orient." (Malagasy Republic)].?Martens, 1868:80-81.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?De Toni, 1895b:281?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville Zonaria linearis C. Agardh, 1820b: 134 [syntype localities: Cadiz, Spain; "ad oras Americae"]. Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:xliii.?Montagne, 1844a 660.?Martens, 1868:80-81.?Domantay, 1962:283.?Taylor, 1966b 355.?Cordero, 1973b:23.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975 141 ._Corde ro , 1976c:10, 16, figs. J,K; 1979b:276, 285.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:30.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:29, pi. VIII: fig. 4.? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, 1984a:83; 1984b:61.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:5, fig. 3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). Dictyota major W.R. Taylor Dictyota major W.R. Taylor, 1945:88, pis. 8, 9 [type locality: Isla Santa Maria, Galapagos].?Saraya and Trono , 1980:29, pi. VIII: fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kutzing Ulva mertensii Martius, 1828:5, pi. 1 [type locality: Salvador, Brazil]. Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kutzing, 1859:15. Dictyota dentata [misapplied name].?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:9, fig. 5.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:27.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:39, fig. [s.n.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas. NOTE.?Dictyota dentata Lamouroux (1809a:42), the name usually applied to this species, is illegitimate because Lamouroux cited Fucus atomarius S.G. Gmelin (1768:125, pi. X: fig. 1) as a synonym and therefore should have retained the epithet atomaria. This epithet cannot be rein? stated now, however, because two other species have sub? sequently been given the name Dictyota atomaria. Moreover, Lamouroux erred in his taxonomic opinion, since Fucus atomarius is representative of the red algal genus Odonthalia (see Papenfuss, 1950:189). The conspecificity of D. dentata NUMBER 27 77 sensu J. Agardh and D. mertensii was proposed by Hauck (1888:466). Dictyota patens J. Agardh Dictyota patens]. Agardh, 1882:93 [syntype localities: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.; Tonga] .?Trono, 1974a:143.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:31. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Biliran I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Padina Adanson Padina arborescens Holmes Padina arborescens Holmes, 1896:251, pi. 12: fig. 1 [type locality: Enosh? ima, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Agor, 1962:34.?Manapat, 1969:38.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO. PALAWAN. Dilophus J. Agardh Dilophus okamurae Dawson Dictyota marginata Okamura, 1913 [1913-1915]:33, pi. CVIII: fig. 9; pi. CI [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1973b:24 [D. marginata prox.].?Puig and Cordero, 1979:31. Dilophus marginatus (Okamura) Okamura, 1915 [1913-1915]: 154 [re? placed name]. Dilophus okamurae Dawson, 1950a:86 ["okamurai"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Biliran I.). NOTE.?Dilophus okamurae is a substitute name for D. marginatus (Okamura) Okamura, a later homonym of D. marginatus]. Agardh (1894:91). Lobophora J. Agardh Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley Dictyota variegata Lamouroux, 1809a:40 [type locality: Antilles]. Zonaria variegata (Lamouroux) C. Agardh, 1817:xx.?Dickie, 1876a: 245.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 175.?Mefiez, 1961:61, pi. 12: fig. 135.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:169.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97. Gymnosorus variegatus (Lamouroux) J. Agardh, 1894:11.?De Toni, 1895b:227. Pocockiella variegata (Lamouroux) Papenfuss, 1943b:467.?Domantay, 1962:284.?Taylor, 1966b:357.?Trono, 1972a:100; 1973d:l 1.?Ve? lasquez et al., 1973:19, pi. 7: fig. 32 .?Trono and Santos-Maranan, 1974b:3, figs. 2, 3.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:160.?Reyes, 1980:120, pi. 2: fig. 3.?Cordero, 1984b:62. Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley, 1967:221.?Trono, 1978:10.?Vannajan and Trono, 1978:13, figs. 10, 13.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:60, 66.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:31, pi. IX: fig. 1.?Chan, 1981:387.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARIN? DUQUE. PANAY: Iloilo (Gigantes Is.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SI? QUIJOR. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Papenfuss (1980) has proposed the generic name Pocockiella Papenfuss (1943b:467) for conservation over the earlier taxonomic synonym Lobophora]. Agardh (1894:21). The latter name has come into wide use since its identity was clarified by Womersley (1967:221), however, so there seems to be little or no merit in conserving Pocockiella. Padina australis Hauck Padina australis Hauck, 1887 [1886-1887]:44 [type locality: Cape York, Queensland, Australia].?Merrill, 1918:40.?Howe, 1932:170.? Zaneveld, 1952:131.?Abelardo and De Leon, 1956:102.?Olea and De Leon, 1956:104.?Zaneveld, 1956:17; 1959:100.?Domantay, 1962:283.?Taylor, 1966b:355.?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Reyes, 1972:145.?Trono, 1973d: l l , pi. 8: fig. 29.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185, 186, 187, 188.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:158.?Trono, 1976:215; 1978:10.?Reyes, 1980:120, pi. 1: fig. 5.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:29, pi. IX: fig. 3 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:41, fig. [s.n.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:8, pi. V: fig. 4 .? Laserna et al., 1982:52.?Trono and Ang, 1982:13.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146. Ulva umbilicalis [misapplied name fide Merrill, 1918:40].?M. Blanco, 1837:842; 1845:581; 1879:261.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:168. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE. PANAY. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I.). NOTE.?Martens (1868:47) identified Blanco's plant as Zonaria gymnospora (= Padina gymnospora). In the absence of authentic specimens, no definitive placement can be made. Padina boryana Thivy Padina boryana Thivy in Taylor, 1966b:355, fig. 2 [including Philippine records] [type locality: Tonga].?Kraft, 1972:332.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:158. Padina commersonii [misapplied name].?Domantay, 1962:284.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:158.?Cordero, 1976c:6, 19.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:32.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21 ?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146. Padina tenuis [misapplied name].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan, Quezon (incl. Polillo Is.), CATAN? DUANES. LEYTE (Biliran I), PANAY: Antique, CENTRAL VI? SAYAS. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu. NOTE.?Padina commersonii Bory de Saint-Vincent (1828 [1826-1829]: 144), a name that traditionally has been ap? plied to the present species, is an illegitimate substitute for 7H SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES P. tenuis (C. Agardh) Bory de Saint-Vincent (1827:590), whose basionym, Zonaria pavonia var. tenuis C. Agardh (1824:264), has been shown by Papenfuss (1977:277) to be referable to Lobophora variegata. The material that Bory de Saint-Vincent had in hand was incorporated in a new spe? cies, P. boryana, by Thivy. Padina crassa Yamada Padina crassa Yamada, 1931a:67, pi. XVII: fig. 2 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Velasquez, 1971:441, fig. 20.?Cordero, 1973b:24.?Velasquez et al., 1973:19, pi. 7: fig. 33.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 284.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:31.?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1983:120.?Cordero, 1984a:83; 1984b:61; 1984c:52.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:3, fig. 1.?Tungpalan, 1984:142. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. CEBU. PALAWAN. Padina distromatica Hauck Padina distromatica Hauck, 1887 [1886-1887]:43 [type locality: Meith (Maidh), Somalia].?Howe, 1932:169.?Taylor, 1966b:356.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:158. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY. BOHOL. Padina fraseri (Greville) Greville Zonaria fraseri Greville, 1829:423, pi. XXVI: fig. 2 [type locality: "ad Novam Hollandiam" (probably near Fremantle, Western Australia, Aus? tralia fide Womersley, 1967:222)]. Padina fraseri (Greville) Greville, 1830:xliv.?Taylor, 1966b:356.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. La Union. -LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Padina gymnospora (Kutzing) Sonder Zonaria gymnospora Kutzing, 1859:29, pi. 71: fig. II [type locality: St. Thomas. Virgin Is.].?Martens, 1868:26, 47, 8 2 - 8 3 . Padina gymnospora (Kutzing) Sonder, 1871:47.?Taylor, I966b:356.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon, CENTRAL VISAYAS. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Padina japonica Yamada Padina japonica Yamada, 193Ia:69, pi. XIX: fig. 2 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Domantay, 1962:284.?Taylor, 1966b:356.? Manapat, 1969:37.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:174, 179, 180, 181.?Kraft, 1972:332.?Trono, 1972a: 100.?Velasquez et al., 1973:20, pi. 7: fig. 34.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159.? Trono, 1976:215.?Trono and Young, 1977:58.?Trono, 1978:11.? Cordero, 1979b:276.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:30, pi. IX: fig. 2 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66; 1982:146.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:121 .?Cordero, 1984c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines Sur, Sorso? gon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lu? bang Is.), MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.), SULU: Tawitawi. Padina minor Yamada Padina minor Yamada, 1925b:251, fig. V [type locality: Garan-Bi (O-luan), Taiwan].?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:175, 176, 182.?Trono, 1973d: 12, pi. 6: fig. 21.?Velasquez etal . , 1973:20, pi. 7: fig. 35.?Trono, 1974a:141; 1976:214; 1978:11.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:12.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:31.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Reyes, 1980:120, pi. 2: fig. 1.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:30.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:43, fig. [s.n.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:8, pi. V: fig. 3 .?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146.?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1983:121.?Cordero, 1984c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy Fucus pavonicus Linnaeus, 1753:1162 [type locality: "In Mari Europae australis"]. Fucus pavonius Linnaeus, 1759:1345. Padina pavonia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:304.?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:173.?Dickie, 1876a:243.?Mefiez, 1961:61, pi. 10: figs. 113- 11 7; pi. 11: figs. 118-120.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159. Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy in Taylor, 1960:234. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Zamboanga. N O T E . ? W e consider Fucus pavonius Linnaeus, the bas? ionym of Padina pavonia, an illegitimate substitute for F. pavonicus. Some authors, however, consider the two epithets orthographic variants and hence accredit the binomial P. pavonica to (Linnaeus) Lamouroux (see Price, Tittley, and Richardson, 1979:3, footnote). Padina sanctae-crucis Brgesen Padina sanctae-crucis B(/>rgesen, 1914b:45, figs. 27, 28 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Mefiez, 1961:62, pi. 10: figs. 109-112. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?According to Taylor (1960:237), Dictyerpa ja? maicensis Collins (1901:251; type locality: Manchioneal, Ja? maica) "is a growth stage of a Padina, perhaps of various species, but certainly of this one' (Padina sanctae-crucis). On the basis of this statement, Papenfuss (1977:272) made the combination P. jamaicensis (Collins) Papenfuss. We pre? fer to retain Btfrgesen's name, however, because of the NUMBER 27 79 uncertainty as to which species is represented by the type material of D. jamaicensis. Padina tetrastromatica Hauck Padina tetrastromatica Hauck, 1887 [1886-1887]:43 [type locality: Meith (Maidh), Somalia].?Taylor, 1966b:356.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:10, figs. 6 -8 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Ma? nila, Cavite. Spatoglossum Kutzing Spatoglossum asperum J. Agardh Spatoglossum asperum J. Agardh, 1894:36 [type locality: Sri Lanka].? Trono, 1974a: 144. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Spatoglossum variabile Figari and De Notaris Spatoglossum variabile Figari and De Notaris, 1853:153, fig. IV [syntype localities: Suez, Egypt and Aqaba, Jordan, Red Sea].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 181.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Stypopodium (Kutzing) J. Agardh * Stypopodium flabelliforme Weber-van Bosse Stypopodium flabelliforme Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: I 76, pi. II: fig. 10; pi. Ill: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Rotti I., Indonesia; Pearl Bank, Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Domantay, 1962:287.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:164. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). Zonaria C. Agardh Zonaria diesingiana J. Agardh Zonaria diesingiana]. Agardh, 1841:443 [type locality: "Nov. Holl." (prob? ably near Sydney, Australia fide Allender and Kraft, 1983:81)].? Cordero, 1976c:6, 10, 18. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. NOTE.?Womersley (1967:228) rejected this name as a nomen dubium on the grounds that the type specimen (from Australia) represents the basal portion of an undeterminable Zonaria. Zonaria fiabellata (Okamura) Papenfuss Homoeostnchus flabellatus Okamura, 1931 [1929-1932]:57, pi. CCLXXXIX: figs. 11-13 [syntype localities: Ryukyu-retto and Seto, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan].?Flores-Sian, 1959:97. Zonaria fiabellata (Okamura) Papenfuss, 1944:341. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Order CHORDARIALES Family CORYNOPHLAEACEAE Leathesia S.F. Gray Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) J.E. Areschoug Tremella difformis Linnaeus, 1755:429 [type locality: Sweden]. Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) J.E. Areschoug, 1847:376.?Domantay, 1962:283.?Cordero, 1973b:24.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:151.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:7, fig. 5. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Order DICTYOSIPHONALES Family CHNOOSPORACEAE Chnoospora J. Agardh Chnoospora implexa J. Agardh Chnoospora implexa]. Agardh, 1848:172 [type locality: Tor , Sinai Penin? sula, Egypt].?Mefiez, 1961:60, pi. 12: figs. 129-131.?Reyes, 1972:148.?Velasquez et al., 1973:21, pi. 8: fig. 38 .?Trono and San? tos-Maranan, 1974b:4, fig. 4.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:135.?Trono, 1976:217.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:122, pi. 3: fig. 4.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cor? dero, 1982b:32.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:122.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984: 179.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Chnoospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss Fucus minimus Hering, 1841:92 [type locality: "Port Natal" (Durban), South Africa]. Chnoospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss, 1956:69.?Taylor, 1966b:357. Cordero, 1982b:32, fig. 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. HO SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Chnoospora pannosa J. Agardh Chnoospora pannosa]. Agardh, 1848:172 [type locality: Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Martens, 1868:26, 70-71.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Order SCYTOSIPHONALES Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE Colpomenia (Endlicher) Derbes and Solier Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier Ulva sinuosa Mertens ex Roth, 1806:327, pi. 12 [type locality: Cadiz, Spain]. Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier in Castagne, 1851:95.?Velasquez, 1949:155 ["sinuata"].?Menez, 1961:60, pi. 12: fig. 134.?Agor, 1962:34.?Domantay, 1962:282.?Galutira and Ve? lasquez, 1964:500.?Velasquez, 1971:441, fig. 22.?Reyes, 1972: 148.?Trono, 1973d: 12.?Velasquez et al., 1973:20, pi. 7: fig. 36.? Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187.?Trono and Santos-Maranan, 1974b:4, figs. 5, 6.?Western? hagen, 1974:113 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:138 ["sinuosa" and "sinuata"].?Cordero, 1979b:285.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:34.?Cordero, 1980b:34, pi. [50].?Reyes, 1980:121, pi. 3: fig. 1.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:31, pi. IX: fig. 4.?Chan, 1981:387.? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:122.?Cor? dero, 1984a:84.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:9, fig. 7. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Hydroclathrus Bory Hydroclathrus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe Encoelium clathratum C. Agardh, 1822a:412 [type locality: uncertain].? Martens, 1868:47, 70-71 .?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141. Hydroclathrus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe, 1920:590.?Zaneveld, 1952: 130; 1956:15; 1959:99.?Agor, 1962:34.?Domantay, 1962: 283.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:500, pi. 2: fig. 7; pi. 7: fig. 26.?Taylor, 1966b:357.?Velasquez, 1968a: 120, fig. 5.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:26, fig. 18 [figure cited but not published].?Manapat, 1969:37, 38, 39.?Velasquez, 1971:441, fig. 21.?Reyes, 1972:148.? Velasquez, 1972:63.?Bersamin et al., 1973:187.?Trono, 1973d:12.?Velasquez et al., 1973:21, pi. 8: fig. 37.?Westernhagen, 1973a:66.?Trono, 1974a: 147.?Trono and Santos-Maranan, 1974b:2, fig. 1.?Westernhagen, 1974:113 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150.?Trono, 1976:216.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 285. ?Puig and Cordero, 1979:34.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:33, pi. 21 .?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.? Moreland, 1980:43, 46, 47.?Reyes, 1980:121, pi. 3: figs. 2a,b.? Saraya and Trono , 1980:32.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Trono and Gan? zon-Fortes, 1980:45, fig. [s.n.].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:77.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21 .?Guzman, 1981:43, 49.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Laserna et al., 1981:447.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:9, pi. VI: fig. 4.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Ang, 1982:14.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:147.?Cordero, 1984a: 85.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:122.?Cor? dero, 1984b:62; 1984c:53.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Ag? ngarayngay, 1984a:7, fig. 6; 1984b: 122.?Tungpalan, 1984:139.? Ang, 1985b:298. Hydroclathrus cancellatus Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1825:419.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 136.?Merrill, 1918:40.?Collado, 1926:129.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.?Velasquez, 1949:155.?Quisumbing, 1951: 1010.?Velasquez, 1953b:206.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166, fig. 5:4.?Mefiez, 1961:60.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Cordero, 1973b:25.?Westernhagen, 1973a:66; 1974:113 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:150. Ulva reticulata [misapplied name fide Martens, 1868:47 and Collins in Merrill, 1918:40].?M. Blanco, 1837:842; 1845:582; 1879:262.?Mar? tens, 1868:60-61 [Blanco record only].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167 [Blanco and Martens records only]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Oc? cidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Encoelium clathratum C. Agardh (based on Fucus clathratus Bory de Saint-Vincent mscr.) and Hydroclathrus cancellatus Bory de Saint-Vincent share the same type col? lection. The provenance was stated to be Belle-Ile (Atlantic France), but Hamel (1937:202) explained how this was shown to be in error. The true provenance is unknown. Rosenvingea B#rgesen Rosenvingea intricata (J. Agardh) Brgesen Asperococcus intricatus J. Agardh, 1847:7 [type locality: Veracruz, Mexico]. Rosenvingea intricata (J. Agardh) B^irgesen, 1914b:26.?Reyes, 1972:148.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Reyes, 1980:121, pi. 3: fig. 3.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. *Rosenvingea orientalis (J. Agardh) Brgesen Asperococcus orientalis J. Agardh, 1848:78 [type locality: Manila, Luzon].?De Toni, 1895b:495. Encoelium orientate (J. Agardh) Kutzing, 1849:551.?Martens, 1868:68- 69.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142. Hydroclathrus orientalis (J. Agardh) Heydrich, 1894:286 [including Phil? ippine record].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150. Rosenvingea orientalis (J. Agardh) B^rgesen, 1914b:26.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:32, pi. X: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Manila. NUMBER 27 81 Order FUCALES Family CYSTOSEIRACEAE Cystoseira C. Agardh Cystoseira hakodatensis (Yendo) Fensholt Cystophyllum hakodatense Yendo, 1907:32, pi. II: figs. 13-16 [lectotype locality: Shoya, Japan fide Yoshida, 1980:100].?Cordero, 1982b:33, fig. 2 ["Cestophyllum"]. Cystoseira hakodatensis (Yendo) Fensholt, 1952:563 ["hakotadense"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Leyte del Sur). N O T E . ? T h e name Cystophyllum J. Agardh (1848:228) was superfluous when published inasmuch as the circum? scription of the genus included both of the original species of Myagropsis Kutzing (1843a:57), the single original species of Sirophysalis Kutzing (1843b:368), as well as several species previously assigned to Sargassum C. Agardh (1820b: 1) and Cystoseira C. Agardh (1820b:50). According to Article 7.11 of the ICBN, the type ofCystophyllum is the type ofMyagrop? sis, the earlier of the two Kutzing generic names and there? fore the one that J. Agardh should have adopted. Fucus myagroides Mertens ex Turner (1809:28, pi. 83) was desig? nated lectotype of Myagropsis by Silva (1952a:279) and is thus the type of Cystophyllum. The lectotypification by De Toni (1891:175), who chose C. trinode (Forsskal) J. Agardh (1848:230), is irrelevant. J. Agardh separated Cystophyllum from Cystoseira on the basis of vesicle position. In Cystophyllum the vesicles were said to be restricted to ultimate ramuli, while in Cystoseira they are produced within the axes. The diagnostic value of this character at the generic level was doubted by Gardner (1917:390), who found both conditions in the same species. Fensholt (1952) abandoned this distinction and treated as members of Cystoseira most species that had been placed in Cystophyllum by J. Agardh and subsequent authors. If Cys? toseira hakodatensis and other species currently placed in Cystophyllum are segregated from Cystoseira, the segregate genus cannot bear the name Cystophyllum, which, as shown above, is a synonym of Myagropsis. Hormophysa Kutzing Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, new combination Fucus triqueter Linnaeus, 1771:312 [type locality: "in Mari Capensi"]. Cystoseira triquetra C. Agardh, 1820b:61. Hormophysa triquetra (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1843b:359.?Taylor, 1966b:357.?Papenfuss, 1968:45.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:179, 182.?Trono, 1972a: 102.?Cordero, 1973b:25.?Velasquez et al., 1973:21, pi. 8: fig. 39.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Trono, 1974a: 147.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:150.?Trono, 1976:220.?Cordero, 1976c:20.?Trono, 1978:11.?Cordero, 1979b:286.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:32.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:123, pi. 3: fig. 5.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:33, pi. X: fig. 3 .?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:47, fig. [s.n.].?Guz? man, 1981:43.?Laserna et al., 1981:447.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Laserna et al., 1982:52.?Trono and Ang, 1982:14.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:123.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a : l l , fig. 8.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 123.?Tungpalan, 1984:143. Fucus articulatus Forsskal, 1775:191 [type locality: Suez, Egypt]. Cystoseira articulata]. Agardh, 1848:216.?Mefiez, 1961:68.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140. Fucus cuneiformis].?. Gmelin, 1792:1389. Cystoseira prolifera J. Agardh, 1848:215 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia].?Westernhagen, 1973a:65; 1974:113 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, La Union, Bataan, Batangas, Sorsogon. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Cystoseira articulata is included as a synonym on the authority of Setchell (1935:264), C. prolifera on the authority of Womersley (1964:64). Various taxonomic syn? onyms are discussed by Papenfuss (1968), while the tortuous nomenclature is brought up to date in the appended No? menclatural Notes. Myagropsis Kutzing Myagropsis myagroides (Mertens ex Turner) Fensholt Fucus myagroides Mertens ex Turner , 1809:28, pi. 83 [type locality: Nagasaki, Japan]. Myagropsis myagroides (Mertens ex Turner) Fensholt, 1955:319. Fucus sisymbrioides Turner , 1809:150, pi. 129 [type locality: Korea Strait]. Cystophyllum sisymbrioides (Turner) J. Agardh, 1848:234.?Cordero, 1982b:35, fig. 3 ["Cestophyllum"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?While returning most members of Cystophyllum to Cystoseira, Fensholt (1952) retained the name Cystophyl? lum for a new generic concept distinguished from Cystoseira by a suite of developmental and cytological characters. Only two species were known by Fensholt to share these charac? ters, namely, C. sisymbrioides (Turner) J. Agardh (1848:234) and C. turneri Yendo (1907:40, pi. Ill: figs. 7-11). Upon realizing that C. sisymbrioides included both of the original species of Myagropsis, Fensholt (1955) adopted that generic name for what she had previously designated Cystophyllum J. Agardh emend. Fensholt. Papenfuss and Jensen (1967) reviewed Fensholt's work and concluded that the segrega? tion of Myagropsis from Cystoseira was advantageous. The conspecificity of Fucus myagroides and F. sisymbrioides was proposed by J. Agardh (1848:234). Both species were originally described in the second volume of Turner s "Fuci.' If they had been published simultaneously, J. Agardh would have been free to adopt either epithet in preference to the other. Moreover, his choice (sisymbrioides) would have been imposed on subsequent workers (Article 57.2). In fact, however, the two species were not published simultaneously. Turner 's "Fuci" was issued serially, with 12 parts constituting a volume (see Price, 1984). Although 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES exact dates have not been ascertained, it is certain that pi. 83 (F. myagroides) appeared prior to pi. 129 (F. sisymbrioides). Myagropsis myagroides is thus the correct name for this species. Family SARGASSACEAE Sargassum C. Agardh Sargassum aemulum Sonder Sargassum aemulum Sonder, 1853:672 [type locality: Holdfast Bay (Gulf of St. Vincent), South Australia, Australia]. Sargassum cristatum J. Agardh, 1889:84, pi. XXV: figs. 18-20 [type locality: South Australia, Australia].?Taylor, 1966b:357.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Grunow (1915 [1915-1916]:376). Sargassum agardhianum Farlow ex J. Agardh Sargassum agardhianum Farlow ex J. Agardh, 1889:93 [type locality: San Diego, California, USA].?Cordero, 1976c:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Sargassum baccularia (Mertens) C. Agardh Fucus baccularia Mertens, 1819:177 [type locality: not specified ("Ad Novam Hollandiam" fide C. Agardh, 1824:304)]. Sargassum baccularia (Mertens) C. Agardh, 1824:304.?Ang, 1985b:295. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Batangas. *Sargassum belangeri Bory de Saint-Vincent Sargassum belangeri Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1834:162 [syntype localities: Java and Sunda Strait, Indonesia; Philippines].?J. Agardh, 1848:345.?Martens, 1868:72-73.?De Toni, 1895b: 113.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum berberifolium J. Agardh Sargassum berberifolium J. Agardh, 1848:337 [syntype localities: Western Australia, Australia; Admiralty Is.].?Grunow, 1915 [ 191 5-1916]:411. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum cervicome Greville Sargassum cervicome Greville, 1849:217, pi. IX: figs. 1-6 [type locality: "in mare Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis"]. *Sargassum binderi Sonder var. angustifolium Sonder, 1871:44 [syntype localities: various, Indian and Pacific oceans, including San Bernardino Strait, between Sorsogon and Northern Samar provinces, Philippines]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?San Bernardino Strait. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Grunow (1915 [1915-1916]:384). *Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh var. gracilentum Grunow Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh var. gracilentum Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:419 ["gracilenta"] [syntype localities: Australia: Goodie I., Ballina, and Rockingham; near Manila, Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. * Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh var.? mixtum Grunow Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh var.? mixtum Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:419 ["mixta"] [type locality: near Manila, Luzon]. Sargassum siliquosum [misapplied name fide Grunow, I.e.].?Martens, 1868:27, 74-75.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163 [Martens records only]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: La Union, Manila. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. N O T E . ? I n view of the fact that Grunow (1916 [1915? 1916]: 173) did not list the Philippines under Sargassum siliquosum]. Agardh, it appears that he intended to include in 5. cinctum var. mixtum the Martens record of S. siliquosum from Zamboanga as well as the one from Manila, even though he cited only the latter locality. Sargassum confusum C. Agardh Sargassum confusum C. Agardh, 1824:301 [type locality: "In mari Japon- ico"].?Flores-Sian, 1959:97.?Agor, 1962:34.?Domantay, 1962: 284.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:162.?Cordero, 1976c:8 ? Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:33?Cordero, 1981c:408; 1982a:fig. 6; 1984c:53.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:12, fig. 9; 1984b: 123. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, East? ern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Antique, Iloilo. MIN? DANAO. Sargassum biforme Sonder Sargassum biforme Sonder, 1845:51 [type locality: Western Australia, Aus? tralia].?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY: Iloilo (Gigantes Is.). Sargassum crispifolium Yamada Sargassum crispifolium Yamada, 1931a:72, pi. XX [syntype localities: var? ious, all in Japan].?Velasquez, 1971:443, fig. 23.?Cordero, 1979b: 276; 198lc:408.?Guzman, 1981:43, 50.?Cordero, 1982a:fig. 8; 1984b:63; 1984c:54. NUMBER 27 83 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan, Antique, CEBU (Mac? tan I.). PALAWAN. Sargassum cristaefolium C. Agardh Sargassum cristaefolium C. Agardh, 1820b: 13 [type locality: "Locus natalis ignotus"].?Montagne, 1844a:660; 1846a:42.?Martens, 1868:26 ,72- 73.?De Toni, 1895b:51.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:162.? Trono, 1978:12.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:32.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Chan, 1981:385.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:10, pi. VI: figs. 1, 2.?Trono and Ang, 1982:14.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:147. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh var. duplicatum J. Agardh, 1848:318 [type locality: Moluccas, Indonesia]. Sargassum duplicatum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1889:90.?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1).?Mefiez, 1961:65.?Domantay, 1962:286.? Taylor, 1966b:357.?Manapat, 1969:37, 38, 39.?Trono, 1974a: 147.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Trono, 1976: 219.?Cordero, 1976c:22; 1979b:276, 286, fig. 3.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:33.?Cordero, 1980a:29, 36, fig. 4; 1980b:35, pi. 22 .? Laserna et al., 1981:447.?Cordero, 1984a:85.?Marcos-Agngaray? ngay, 1984a: 12, fig. 10. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Manila, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. MARINDUQUE. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (incl. Lubang Is.), SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Ak? lan. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, Surigao del Sur. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.). NOTE.?J. Agardh (1848:318) was uncertain whether his plant from the Moluccas was conspecific with Sargassum duplicatum Bory de Saint-Vincent (1828 [1826-1829]: 127; type locality: Pacific Ocean between Tahiti and New Zea? land) and later (1889:90, 123) recognized his S. duplicatum as a species distinct from that of Bory de Saint-Vincent. Womersley and Bailey (1970:296) treated the two species as one entity, which they merged into 5. cristaefolium. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. *Sargassum cystophyllum Montagne Sargassum cystophyllum Montagne, 1842d:249 [type locality: "Manilla," Lu? zon].?Montagne, 1846a:46.?J. Agardh, 1848:345.?Montagne, 1856:388.?De Toni, 1895b: 1 I 3.?Grunow, 1915 [ 1915-1916]:414. Carpacanthus cystophyllus (Montagne) Kutzing, 1849:623.?Martens, 1868:76-77.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum droserifolium Bory de Saint-Vincent Sargassum droserifolium Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826-1829]: 129 [syntype localities: Port Praslin (Kambotorosh Harbor), New Ireland; New Zealand; Tahiti; New Guinea].?Grunow, 1915 [ 1915-1916]:410. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. *Sargassum droserifolium Bory de Saint Vincent var.? spathulatum Grunow Sargassum droserifolium Bory de Saint-Vincent var.? spathulatum Grunow, 1915 [1915?1916]:411 ["spathulata"] [type locality: "in freto Bernar? dino" (San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum elongatum Sargassum elongatum.?Manapat, 1969:38. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. NOTE.?Manapat did not give an author for this name and we have been unable to find its place of publication. T A X O N OF UNCERTAIN VALUE The following infraspecific taxon is probably related to Sargassum cristaefolium but has not formally been trans? ferred to it. *Sargassum duplicatum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh var. rotundatum Grunow Sargassum duplicatum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh var. rotundatum Grunow, 1915 [1915-1916]:392 ["rotundata"] [syntype localities: Philippines; Java, Indonesia; Seychelles]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum esperi C. Agardh Sargassum esperi C. Agardh, 1820b:9 [syntype localities: Brazil; Bengal, In? dia].?Montagne, 1844a:660.?Martens, 1868:74-75.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum filicinum Harvey Sargassum filicinum Harvey, 1860a:327 [type locality: "East coast of Ja? pan"].?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO. Sargassum cystocarpum C. Agardh Sargassum cystocarpum C. Agardh, 1820b:33 [type locality: "E mari In- dico"].?Martens, 1868:26, 72-73.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. Sargassum filifolium C. Agardh Sargassum filifolium C. Agardh, 1824:305 [type locality: Western Australia, Australia].?Grunow, 1916 [ 1915-1916]:2. 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?"In freto Bernardino" [San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.]. NOTE.?Grunow (1916 [1915-1916]:43), in agreement with J. Agardh (1889:108), considered this species a variety of 5. vulgare, but Taylor (1960:277) recognized both spe- Sargassum filifolium C. Agardh var. aciculare (Grunow) Grunow Sargassum aciculare Grunow, 1874:26 [type locality: Bribie I., Queensland, Australia]. Sargassum filifolium C. Agardh var. aciculare (Grunow) Grunow, 1916 [1915-1916]:3 ["acicularis"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?"In freto Bernardino' [San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.]. * Sargassum filiforme Montagne Sargassum filiforme Montagne, 1844a:660 [type locality: "in insulis Philip- pinensibus"].?J. Agardh, 1848:346.?Kutzing, 1849:614.?Mon? tagne, 1856:383.?Martens, 1868:27, 74-75.?De Toni, 1895b:l 13.?Grunow, 1916 [ 1915-1916]: 14.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Sargassum fluitans (B^rgesen) Brgesen Sargassum hystrix]. Agardh var.fluitans B$rgesen, 1914a: 11, fig. 8 [type locality: Sargasso Sea]. Sargassum fluitans (B0rgesen) B0rgesen, 1914b:66, footnote.?Western? hagen, 1973a:66; 1974:113 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus fulvellus Turner , 1808:147, pi. 66 [type locality: Korea Strait]. Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b:34.?Domantay, 1962:287.?Cordero, 1973b:25 [5. fulvellum prox.].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Cordero, 1976c:23; 1979b:276; 1981c:407; 1982a:fig. 7; 1984c:53. Sargassum enerve C. Agardh, 1820b: 17 [type locality: "In Oceano" ("E mari Coreano" fide Yoshida, 1983: 148, fig. 26c)].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1) pi. 2: fig. 1.?Domantay, 1962:274.?Manapat, 1969:38.?Westernhagen, 1973a:66; 1974:113 (table I) .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981 :21?Trono and Fortes, 1982:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Batangas. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Iloilo. CEBU (Mactan I.). NOTE.?Sargassum enerve is included as a synonym on the authority of Yoshida (1983:148, 151). Sargassum furcatum Kutzing Sargassum furcatum Kutzing, 1843b:362 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. *Sargassum gaudichaudii Montagne Sargassum gaudichaudii Montagne, 1842d:249 [syntype localities: Mauri? tius; "Manilla,' Luzon].?Montagne, 1846a:48, pi. 141; 1856:384.? Grunow, 1915 [ 1915-1916]:446. Carpacanthus gaudichaudii (Montagne) Kutzing, 1849:623.?Martens, 1868:76-77.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. Sargassum giganteifolium Yamada Sargassum giganteifolium Yamada in Okamura, 1925:105, pi. CCXXX [syntype localities: Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture and Futomi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1).?Domantay, 1962:284.?Manapat , 1969:37, 38 .?Cordero , 1973b:26 [with query].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Cordero, 1981c:408; 1984b:63; 1984c:53. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.) Pangasinan, Batangas, Albay (Batan I.), MASBATE. SA? MAR: Western Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Iloilo. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. NOTE.?Yoshida (1983:195) cites the holotype of this species as coming from Shichirigahama (Kanagawa Prefec? ture), Japan, but this locality is not mentioned in the pro- tologue. Sargassum gracile J. Agardh Sargassum gracile J. Agardh, 1848:310 [syntype localities: "in Oceano Indico ad Javam" and "inter Borneo et Sumatram," Indonesia].?Dickie, 1876a:243.?Grunow, 1916 [ 1915-1916]:5.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Basilan Strait (between Mindanao and Basilan I.). Sargassum granuliferum C. Agardh Sargassum granuliferum C. Agardh, 1820b:31 [type locality: "In mari In? dico?"].?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus hemiphyllus Turner , 1811:85, pi. 169 [type locality: Nagasaki, Ja? pan]. Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b:39.?Montagne, 1844a:661 [with query].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1), pi. 2: fig. 2.?Domantay, 1962:285.?Manapat, 1969:37.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Cordero, 1976c:23.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Cordero, 198 lc:406.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:147.?Cordero, 1984c:53. NUMBER 27 85 Spongocarpus hemiphyllus (Turner) Kutzing, 1849:632.?Martens, 1868:80-81.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Iloilo. CEBU (Mactan I.). Sargassum heterocystum Montagne Sargassum heterocystum Montagne, 1842d:250 [type locality: "In mari chinensi Cochinchinam alluente" (Vietnam)].?Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:409. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. *Sargassum hombronianum Montagne var.? manilense (Grunow) Grunow Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh var. manilense Grunow in Piccone, 1886:44, 90 ["manilensis"] [type locality: Cavite Prov., Luzon].?De Toni, 1895b: 104. Sargassum hombronianum Montagne var.? manilense (Grunow) Grunow, 1916 [1915-1916]:8 ["manilensis"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus ilicifolius Turner , 1808:113, pi. 51 [type locality: Sunda Strait, Indonesia]. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b: 11.?Dickie, 1874a: 190; 1876a:243.?Piccone, 1886:45, 90.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:148. Carpacanthus ilicifolius (Turner) Kutzing, 1849:625.?Martens, 1868:27, 78-79.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Manila, Cavite. MINDORO. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. *Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh f. benkulense Grunow Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh f. benkulense Grunow, 1915 [1915?19I6]:407 ["benkulensis"] [syntype localities: Pulau Tikus near Bengkulu, Sumatra; Manila, Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh var. compactum (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Grunow Sargassum compactum Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826-1829]: 126 [type locality: Concepcion, Chile]. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh var. compactum (Bory de Saint- Vincent) Grunow, 1915 [1915-1916]:405. Carpacanthus spinulosus [misapplied name fide Grunow, I.e.].?Martens, 1868:27, 78 -79 [in part].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130 [in part]. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh var.? pseudospinulosum Grunow Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh var.? pseudospinulosum Grunow, 1915 [1915-1916]:403 ["pseudospinulosa"] [type locality: near Atapupu Timor, Indonesia]. Carpacanthus spinulosus [misapplied name fide Grunow, I.e.].?Martens, 1868:27, 78-79 [in part].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130 [in part]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. N O T E . ? I n view of the fact that Grunow (1915 [1915- 1916]:399) attributed Carpacanthus spinulosus Kutzing (as Sargassum hystrix var. spinulosus) solely to the West Indies, it appears that he intended to include in S. ilicifolium var.? pseudospinulosum the Martens record of C. spinulosus from Manila as well as the one from Timor, even though he cited only the latter locality. Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus latifolius Turner , 1809:66, pi. 94 [type locality: Red Sea]. Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b: 13.?Dickie, 1876a: 243.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). *Sargassum microcystum J. Agardh Sargassum microcystum]. Agardh, 1848:323 [syntype localities: Singapore; Moluccas; Manila, Luzon]. Carpacanthus microcystis (J. Agardh) Martens, 1868:28, 78-79 [including Philippine record].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. *Sargassum microcystum J. Agardh f. luzonense Grunow Sargassum microcystum J. Agardh f. luzonense Grunow, 1915 [1915? 1916]:413 ["luzonensis"] [type locality: near Manila, Luzon]. Sargassum carpophyllum [misapplied name fide Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:413].?Grunow, 1867:56. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Sargassum microcystum J. Agardh var. microtis Grunow Sargassum microcystum J. Agardh var. microtis Grunow, 1915 [ 1 9 1 5 - 1916]:414 [syntype localities: Java; Basilan Strait (between Mindanao and Basilan I.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Basilan Strait. Sargassum microphyllum C. Agardh Sargassum microphyllum C. Agardh, 1820b:33 [type locality: "In India orientali"].?Grunow, 1915 [ 1915-1916]:446. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. 86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Sargassum miyabei Yendo Sargassum miyabei Yendo, 1907:112, pi. XIV: figs. 13, 14 [lectotype locality: Cape Soya, Hokkaido, Japan fide Yoshida, 1978:122]. Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo, 1907:102, pi. XV: figs. 1-4 [lectotype locality: Takashima, Hokkaido, Japan fide Yoshida, 1978:122].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1).?Domantay, 1962:285.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Yoshida (1978). Sargassum myriocystum J. Agardh Sargassum myriocystum J. Agardh, 1848:314 [syntype localities: Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; China; India].?Grunow, 1915 [ 1915-1916]:440. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. *Sargassum myriocystum J. Agardh var. euryphyllum (Grunow) Grunow Sargassum polycystum J. Agardh var. euryphyllum Grunow in Piccone, 1886:44, 90 ["euryphylla"] [type locality: Ticao I., Masbate Prov.].?De Toni, 1895b: 104. Sargassum myriocystum]. Agardh var. euryphyllum (Grunow) Grunow, 1915 [\9\5-l9l6]A40 ["euryphylla"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. 1975:162.?Cordero, 1976c:24 [S. nigrifolium prox.]; 1981c:406.? Guzman, 1981:43, 51.?Cordero, 1984c:53. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar. PANAY: Iloilo. PA? LAWAN. Sargassum oligocystum Montagne Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845:67-69 [type locality: Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia]. Sargassum binderi Sonder in J. Agardh, 1848:328 [syntype localities: Sunda Strait and Java, Indonesia; China Sea].?Piccone, 1886:47, 90.?De Toni, 1895b:47.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162.?Cordero, 1976c:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Cavite. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Womersley and Bailey (1970:299). *Sargassum oligocystum Montagne var.? bemardinum Grunow Sargassum oligocystum Montagne var.? bemardinum Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:386 ["bernardina"] [type locality: "in freto Bernardino" (San Ber? nardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum natans (Linnaeus) Gaillon Fucus natans Linnaeus, 1753:1160 [type locality: "in Pelago libere natans"].?M. Blanco, 1845:579; 1879:259.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:144. Sargassum natans (Linnaeus) Gaillon, 1828:355. Fucus bacciferus Turner , 1802:xxxii, 55 [superfluous name]. Sargassum bacciferum C. Agardh, 1820b:6.?Montagne, 1844a:660.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:162. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos. NOTE.?Fucus bacciferus Turner, the intended basionym of Sargassum bacciferum, is a superfluous and hence illegiti? mate name since F. natans was cited as a synonym in the protologue. In the first edition of Flora de Filipinas, M. Blanco (1837:839) described this entity as a new species, Fucus denticulatus (a name used previously for four different species!). Martens (1868:45) pointed out that Blanco's de? scription fits various species of Sargassum. In the absence of authentic specimens, no definitive placement can be made. Montagne's record, on the other hand, is documented by extant collections (Cuming 2251, presumably at PC and possibly other herbaria) and could be re-evaluated. * Sargassum oligocystum Montagne var.? subflexuosum Grunow Sargassum oligocystum Montagne var.? subflexuosum Grunow, 1915:385 ["subflexuosa"] [syntype localities: "Fretum Bemardinum, Macassar"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?San Bernardino Strait be? tween Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov. TAXON OF UNCERTAIN VALUE The following infraspecific taxon is probably related to Sargassum oligocystum, but has not been formally transferred to it. Sargassum binderi Sonder var. vitiense (Grunow) Grunow Sargassum echinocarpum J. Agardh var. vitiense Grunow, 1874:28 [type locality: Ovalau I., Fiji]. Sargassum binderi Sonder var. vitiense (Grunow) Grunow in Askenasy, 1888:28.?Piccone, 1889:31, 59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum nigrifolium Yendo Sargassum nigrifolium Yendo, 1907:127, pi. XVI: figs. 1-3 [lectotype locality: Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan fide Yoshida, 1980: 104].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1), pi. 3.?Domantay, 1962:286.?Manapat, 1969:38.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, Sargassum oocyste J. Agardh Sargassum oocyste]. Agardh, 1848:97 [syntype localities: Chile; Moluccas, Indonesia].?Grunow, 1915 [1915-19I6] :437. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON. NUMBER 27 87 *Sargassum oocyste J. Agardh var. bemardinum Grunow Sargassum oocyste J. Agardh var. bemardinum Grunow, 1915 [1915- 1916]:437 ["bernardina"] [type locality: "in freto Bernardino" (San Ber? nardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum paniculatum J. Agardh Sargassum paniculatum J. Agardh, 1848:315 [type locality: "in mari In- dico"].?Cordero, 1976c:24, fig. N.?Ang, 1984:548; 1985a:231; 1985b:294; 1985c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Batangas. Sargassum parvifolium (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus parvifolius Turner , 1819 [ 1815-1819]:33, pi. 221 [type locality: not specified]. Sargassum parvifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b:30.?Dickie, 1876a: 243.?Grunow, 1916 [1915-1916]: 13.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Sargassum patens C. Agardh var. schizophyllum (Kutzing) Yendo Halochloa schizophylla Kutzing, 1843a:56 [type locality: Japan]. Sargassum patens C. Agardh var. schizophyllum (Kutzing) Yendo, 1905a: 155 ["schizophylla"].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955: table 1. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. *Sargassum philippinense Grunow Sargassum philippinense Grunow, 1916 [1915-1916]: 166 [type locality: "in freto Bernardino" (San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon Prov., Luzon, and Northern Samar Prov.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum piluliferum (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus pilulifer Turner , 1808:145, pi. 65 [type locality: Nagasaki, Japan]. Sargassum piluliferum (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820b:27.?Manapat, 1969: 38.?Cordero, 1981c:407; 1984c:54. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar. PANAY: Iloilo. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. Sargassum polyceratium Montagne Sargassum polyceratium Montagne, 1837:356 [type locality: La Habana, Cuba].?Velasquez et al., 1973:22, pi. 8: fig. 41.?Hamoy and Garci? ano, 1975:71.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. CENTRAL VI? SAYAS. CEBU. Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh, 1824:304 [type locality: Sunda Strait, Indonesia].?Montagne, 1844a:661.?Martens, 1868:72-73.?Dickie, 1874a: 190.?De Toni, 1895b: 103.?Howe, 1932:170.?Zaneveld, 1952:132; 1956:19; 1959:102.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 163.?Trono, 1976:219; 1978:12.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:13.? Fortes and Trono, 1980:61.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:49, fig. [s.n.].?Chan, 1981:385.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Laserna et al., 1981:447.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:9, pi. VI: fig. 3.?Laserna et al., 1982:52.?Trono and Ang, 1982:15.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Min? doro (Lubang Is.), MARINDUQUE. NEGROS: Negros Occiden? tal. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Sargassum pteropleuron Grunow Sargassum pteropleuron Grunow, 1867:55, pi. V: fig. 1 [type locality: Nassau, New Providence I., Bahama Is.].?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Sargassum sagamianum Yendo Sargassum sagamianum Yendo, 1907:151, pi. XVII: figs. 6-10 [lectotype locality: Oosashi, Mie Prefecture, Japan fide Yoshida, 1980:105, pi. VII: fig. 13].?Domantay, 1962:274.?Manapat, 1969:37. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Sargassum sandei Reinbold Sargassum sandei Reinbold in Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:158, fig. 47, pi. IV: figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Flores, Indonesia].?Taylor, 1966b:357.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.- doro. -MINDORO: Oriental Min- Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh Fucus serratifolius C. Agardh, 1815:41 [type locality: "prope Satsuma," Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan]. Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, 1820b: 16.?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1), pi. 1: fig. 2.?Domantay, 1962:285.?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Cordero, 198 lc :407.?Trono and Fortes, 1982: 148.?Cordero, 1984c:53. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasi? nan. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Iloilo. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh Sargassum siliquosum ]. Agardh, 1848:316 [syntype localities: Singapore; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia].?Piccone, 1886:45, 90.?De Toni , 1895b: 107.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:159; 1921:224; 1924: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO T H E MARINE SCIENCES 21.?Howe, 1932:170.?G. Blanco, 1938:513.?Quisumbing, 1951: 1012.?Zaneveld, 1952:132.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166, fig. 5: 6 ["siliguisum"].?Sulit and San Juan, 1955:48 (table 1), pi. 1: fig. 1.? Zaneveld, 1956:20; 1959:102.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Manapat, 1969:37.?Bersamin et al., 1973:188.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Cordero, 1976c:24.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:68.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:148.?Ang, 1984:548; 1985a:231; 1985b:294; 1985c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Cavite, Batangas. MASBATE (Ticao I.), NEGROS: Negros Oc? cidental. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. *Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var.? basilanicum Grunow Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var.? basilanicum Grunow, 1916 [1915- 1916]: 175 ["basilanica"] [type locality: Basilan Strait (between Mindanao and Basilan I.)]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. *Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var. bicornutum Grunow Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var. bicornutum Grunow, 1916 [1915- 1916]: 175 ["bicornuta"] [syntype localities: China Sea; Ticao I., Masbate Prov.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MASBATE (Ticao I.). *Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var. manipaense Grunow Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh var. manipaense Grunow, 1916 [1915? 1916]: 175 ["manipaensis"] [syntype localities: "ad insulas Philippinas, Manipa"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Sargassum spinifex C. Agardh Sargassum spinifex C. Agardh, 1820b:29 [type locality: "In mari Chinensi"].?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:173.?Quisumbing, 1951:1012.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO. Sargassum subspathulatum (Grunow) Grunow Sargassum pulchellum Grunow var. subspathulatum Grunow in Askenasy, 1888:25, pi. VI: figs. 5, 6 [including Philippine record] [type locality: MacCluer Gulf (Berau Bay), Irian Barat, Indonesia]. Sargassum subspathulatum (Grunow) Grunow, 1916 [1915-1916]: 10. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh, 1848:305 [type locality: Bombay, India].?Cordero, 1976c:25 [S. tenerrimum prox.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh Fucus salicifolius S.G. Gmelin, 1768:98 [syntype localities: "Mare ameri- canum?"; Sea of Marmara, Turkey]. Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh, 1820b:3 [superfluous name].?Montagne, 1846a:40.?Martens, 1868:74-75.?Westernhagen, 1973a:66.?Riv? era, 1974:108.?Westernhagen, 1974:113 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e name Sargassum vulgare is traditionally given to a common species of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (e.g., Taylor, 1960:272). At the time of its publication, however, this name was superfluous and hence illegitimate, since the species to which it was applied included Fucus salicifolius S.G. Gmelin 1768, which may or may not prove to be conspecific with S. vulgare as traditionally interpreted. Future research will undoubtedly turn up a taxonomic synonym that can serve as the correct name. Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh var. indicum C. Agardh Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh var. indicum C. Agardh, 1820b:4 [type locality: "E mari Indico"].?Montagne, 1846a:40. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila. Sargassum yendoi Okamura and Yamada Sargassum yendoi Okamura and Yamada in Yamada, 1938b:121, figs. 1, 2, pis. 21 , 22 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Domantay, 1962:287.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Turbinaria Lamouroux Turbinaria condensata Sonder Turbinaria condensata Sonder in Kutzing, 1860:25, pi. 69: fig. II [type locality: "In mari chinensi"].?Taylor, 1964:482, pi. 2: figs. 18-28.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67; 1982:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. MIN? DANAO: Surigao. BASILAN. Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing Turbinaria vulgaris J. Agardh var. conoides ]. Agardh, 1848:267 [syntype localities: India; China; Sri Lanka; Western Australia, Australia]. NUMBER 27 89 Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing, 1860:24, pi. 66: fig. II.?Howe, 1932:169.?Zaneveld, 1952:133; 1956:22; 1959:104.?Domantay! 1962:287.?Taylor, 1964:480, pi. 2: figs. 1-8 [var. conoides]; 1966b:358.?Trono, 1972a:100; 1973d: 12.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:165.?Trono, 1976:218.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Sar? aya and Trono, 1980:33, pi. X: fig. 4 [var. conoides].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:55, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Laserna et al., 1981:447.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Laserna et al., 1982:52.?Luistro, Cajipe, and Laserna, 1982:46.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasi? nan, Batangas, Quezon (incl. Polillo Is.), Sorsogon. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I.), SULU: Tawitawi. *Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing f. laticuspidata W.R. Taylor Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing f. laticuspidata W.R. Taylor, 1964:481, pi. 2: figs. 9 -12 [type locality: Cebu I.] .?Trono, 1972a:100. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga, Surigao. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi. *Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing f. retroflexa W.R. Taylor Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing f. retroflexa W.R. Taylor, 1964:481 [intended type locality: Tandayong I., Pangasinan Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NE? GROS: Negros Occidental NOTE.?The name of this form is invalid because the protologue lacks an illustration in contravention of Article 39 of the ICBN. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO. NOTE.?According to J. Agardh (1848:266, 267) and Barton (1891:217, 219), Turbinata denudata as originally proposed by Bory de Saint-Vincent included specimens referable to T. ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and T. conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing. Bory de Saint-Vincent also included material from the West Indies that probably is referable to T. turbinata (Linnaeus) Kuntze, the commonest Turbinaria in that region. Turbinaria denudata should be lectotypified on the basis of authentic specimens at PC. Depending on the specimen chosen, T. denudata would become a synonym of T. turbinata or displace either T. ornata or T. conoides. Taylor (1964; 1966a) did not mention T. denudata. Turbinaria filamentosa Yamada Turbinaria filamentosa Yamada, 1925b:243, fig. I [type locality: Garan-bi (O-luan), Taiwan].?Cordero, 1976c:25, fig. O. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. *Turbinaria luzonensis W.R. Taylor Turbinaria luzonensis W.R. Taylor, 1964:482, pi. 2: figs. 13-17. [type locality: Mulanay, Quezon Prov., Luzon].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty. 1975:166. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon. Turbinaria murrayana Barton Turbinaria murrayana Barton, 1891:218, pi. LIV (54): fig. 2 [syntype localities: New Guinea; Macassar, Celebes, Indonesia].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Turbinaria decurrens Bory de Saint-Vincent Turbinaria decurrens Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [ 1826-1829]: 119 [type locality: floating between the Society Is. and New Guinea].?Taylor, 1964:477, pi. 1: figs. 22 -28 ; 1966a:92; 1966b:358.?Kraft, 1972: 329.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:166.?Trono, 1976: 218.?Trono and Young, 1977:58.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:33, pi. X:fig. L?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67; 1982:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasi? nan, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. CEBU. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Sur, Davao. BASILAN. SULU: Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). Turbinaria denudata Bory de Saint-Vincent ^ Turbinaria denudata Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826-1829]: 117 [syn? type localities: various, in the Pacific and Indian oceans and the Carib? bean Sea].?Montagne, 1844a:661.?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:173.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166. Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh Fucus turbinatus Linnaeus var. ornatus Turner , 1808:50, pi. 24: figs. c,d [type locality: not specified]. Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh, 1848:266.?Martens, 1868:27,47, 76-77.?Dickie, 1874a: 190.?Zaneveld, 1952:132; 1956:21; 1959: 103.?Agor, 1962:34.?Domantay, 1962:287.?Taylor, 1964: 483, pi. 3: figs. 1-6 [var. ornata]; 1966a:98; 1966b:358.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:27, fig. 22.?Manapat, 1969:37, 38.?Velasquez, 1971:443, fig. 24?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:171, 175, 183.? Kraft, 1972:328, 329, 332.?Reyes, 1972:147.?Trono, 1972a:100.? Cordero, 1973b:26.?Velasquez et al., 1973:22, pi. 8: fig. 40.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185, 186, 188.?Hamoy and Garciano, 1975:71?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 26.?Trono, 1976:217; 1978:14.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:13.?Vannajan and Trono , 1978:14, fig. 11.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:33.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:98.?Reyes, 1980:122, pi. 4: fig. 1.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:33.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:57, fig. [s.n.].?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.? Laserna etal . , 1981:447.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:10, pi. VII: fig. 3.?Laserna et al., 1982:52. 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Trono and Fortes, 1982:148.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:123.?Cordero, 1984b:62; 1984c:53.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984a:14, fig. 12.? Tungpalan, 1984:143. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Ori? ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.). PANAY: Aklan, Antique (Panagatan Cays). NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga, Davao. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Culion I., Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu, Tawitawi (Cagayan Sulu I.). Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh f. evesiculosa (Barton) W.R. Taylor Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing var. evesiculosa Barton, 1891:217 [type locality: Edam (Damar Besar) I./Enkhuizen shoal, near Jakarta, Java, Indonesia]. Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh f. evesiculosa (Barton) W.R. Taylor, 1964:485.?Trono, 1973d:12, pi. 7: fig. 28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEBU. Turbinaria trialata (J. Agardh) Kutzing Turbinaria vulgaris]. Agardh var. trialata]. Agardh, 1848:268 [syntype localities: Brazil; West Indies]. Turbinaria trialata (J. Agardh) Kutzing, 1860:24, pi. 67.?Domantay, 1962:287.?De Leon, Eufemio, and Pineda, 1963:82 (table 1).?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166.?Cordero, 1979b:286.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67; 1982:148.?Cordero, 1984b:62; 1984c:53.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984a: 16, fig. 13.?Tungpalan, 1984:143. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. MASBATE. PANAY: Aklan. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN. Turbinaria trialata (J. Agardh) Kutzing var. capensis Kutzing Turbinaria trialata (J. Agardh) Kutzing var. capensis Kutzing, 1860:24, pi. 67: fig. II [type locality: "Caput bonae spei" (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa)].?Mefiez, 1961:68. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Turbinaria turbinata (Linnaeus) Kuntze Fucus turbinatus Linnaeus, 1753:1160 [type locality: "in Americae rupibus marinis" (Jamaica fide Howe, 1920:591)]. Turbinaria turbinata (Linnaeus) Kuntze, 1898:434.?Mefiez, 1961:68.? Westernhagen, 1973a:66; 1974:113 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:67; 1982:148.?Cordero, 1984b:62. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN. NOTE.?According to Taylor (1964:476), T. turbinata is an Atlantic-Caribbean species. Turbinaria vulgaris J. Agardh Turbinaria vulgaris ]. Agardh, 1848:267 [type locality: floating between the Society Is. and New Guinea].?Dickie, 1876a:243, 244.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Turbinaria vulgaris is a name used by J. Agardh to encompass four varieties, namely, a conoides, /3 decurrens, y triquetra, and 5 trialata. All but var. decurrens were newly described and were subsequently elevated to specific rank. Var. decurrens, however, was based on T. decurrens Bory de Saint-Vincent, so that according to the ICBN, T. vulgaris is a superfluous name (Article 63.1) and is automatically typ? ified by the type of T. decurrens (Article 7.11). To which of the four component species the Dickie records should be referred can be determined only from an examination of the specimens. Class C H L O R O P H Y C E A E Order CTENOCLADALES Family ULVELLACEAE Phaeophila Hauck Phaeophila dendroides (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Batters Ochlochaete dendroides P. Crouan and H. Crouan, 1852:no. 346 [type locality: Brest, Finistere, France]. Phaeophila dendroides (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Batters, 1902:13.? Tanaka, 1967:13, fig. 1.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.). Order ULVALES Enteromorpha chaetomorphoides B#rgesen Enteromorpha chaetomorphoides B^rgesen, 1911:149, fig. 12 [type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin Is.].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:55.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville Conferva clathrata Roth, 1806:175 [type locality: Baltic Sea, Germany]. Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville, 1830:lxvi, 181.?Trono, 1973b: 213.?Velasquez et al., 1973:9, pi. 1: fig. 3 .?Trono, 1975:25.? Cordero, 1976c:10; 1977b:19, pi. I: figs. 1, 2.?Reyes, 1978:146, pi. 3: figs. 2-5.?Calumpong, 1980:143 (table 3).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:18.?Cordero, 1980b: 16, fig. 1A.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Trono and De Lara, 1981:2, pi. I: fig. 2.?Calumpong, 1982:145. Family MONOSTROMATACEAE Monostroma Thuret Monostroma latissimum Wittrock Monostroma latissimum Wittrock, 1866:33, pi. 1: fig. 4 [syntype localities: various, including Europe, North Africa, and New Zealand].?Taylor, 1966b:343.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:154. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. Monostroma nitidum Wittrock Monostroma nitidum Wittrock, 1866:41, pi. II: fig. 7 [syntype localities: Tonga; China].?Gilbert, 1961:415.?Trono, 1973c:5.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:154.?Cordero, 1980b: 19, pi. 4 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:66.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Family ULVACEAE Enteromorpha Link The taxonomic arrangement of the species of this genus follows that proposed by Bliding (1963). Enteromorpha aragoensis Bliding Enteromorpha aragoensis Bliding, 1960:174, fig. 2 [syntype localities: var? ious, in Atlantic France and Mediterranean Sea],?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:121.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Quezon. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? J . Agardh (1883:153) is traditionally accredited with the combination Enteromorpha clathrata, but in fact it was first made by Greville. Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Nees Ulva compressa Linnaeus, 1753:1163 [type locality: Europe]. Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Nees, 1820: Index [2].?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:494, pi. 1: fig. 2; pi. 6: fig. 20.?Cornejo and Velas? quez, 1972:173, pi. 1: fig. 7.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977b:20.?Vannajan and Trono , 1977:39.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:18.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.? Cordero, 1980b:17, pi. 1.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:8.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, fig. 1.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:104.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:66, fig. 4.?Cordero, 1984a:70.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b:l 19. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Manila, Batangas. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur. NOTE.?Either Link (1820:5) or Greville (1830:lxvi, 180) is traditionally accredited with having first made the com? bination Enteromorpha compressa, but in fact it was Nees 91 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES who did so in the index that he prepared for the collective work in which Link's article was published. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh Conferva flexuosa Roth, 1800b: 188 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen, 1803:1. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh, 1883:126 [including subsp. flexuosa].?Piccone, 1886:25, 89.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:414.?Tay? lor, 1966b:343.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:121, fig. 1.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:173, pi. 4: fig. 30.?Trono, 1973b:213; 1975:25.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:39, fig. 15.?Carumbana and Luchavez, 1980:189. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link var. tubulosa Kutzing, 1845:247 [type locality: fresh water, Germany]. Enteromorpha tubulosa (Kutzing) Kutzing, 1856:11, pi. 32: fig. II.?Sulit, Navarro, and San Juan, 1952:170 (table 5).?Rabanal and Montalban, 1953:143.?Villadolid and Villaluz, 1953:5-10.?Villaluz, 1953:103. ?Gilbert, 1961:415.?Rabanal and Montalban, 1961:4.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977: 39.?Trono and Ang, 1982:3. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link f. tubulosa (Kutzing) V.J. Chap? man, 1937:229.?Reyes, 1972:138. Enteromorpha intermedia Bliding, 1955:262, figs. 1-5 [syntype localities: various in northern Europe; USA].?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:121, fig. 2.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Rizal, Manila, Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MASBATE (Ticao I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental. MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). NOTE.?Conferva flexuosa Roth, the intended basionym of Enteromorpha flexuosa, is a later homonym of C. flexuosa O.F. Miiller (1782:5, pi. 882) and hence not priorable. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh subsp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) Bliding Conferva paradoxa Dillwyn, 1809 [1802-1809]:70, suppl. pi. F [syntype localities: Bangor, Wales; Brighton, England], Ulva paradoxa C. Agardh, 1817:xxn. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh subsp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) Bliding, 1963:79, figs. 4 2 - 4 5 . Scytosiphon erectus Lyngbye, 1819:65, pi. 15:C [type locality: Norway]. Enteromorpha erecta (Lyngbye) Carmichael in W. Hooker, 1833:314.? Gilbert, 1961:414.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142. Enteromorpha plumosa Kutzing, 1843b:300, pi. 20:1 [type locality: Trieste, Italy],?Gilbert, 1961:415.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:494, pi. 1: figs. la -c ;p l . 6: fig. 19.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Trono and Fortes, 1980: 65.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Bula- can, Rizal. NOTE.?Conferva paradoxa Dillwyn, the intended bas? ionym of Enteromorpha flexuosa subsp. paradoxa, is a later homonym of C. paradoxa Roth (1806:172) and hence not priorable. Ulva paradoxa C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh f. submarina Collins and Hervey Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh f. submarina Collins and Hervey, 1917:34 [type locality: Bermuda].?Taylor, 1966b:343. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus, 1753:1163 [type locality: "in Mari omni"].?M. Blanco, 1837:842; 1845:582; 1879:262.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees, 1820, Index [2].?Martens, 1868:47, 60-61.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:158.?Merrill, 1918:39.?Wester, 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Gil? bert, 1946:77.?Zaneveld, 1950:113.?Quisumbing, 1951:1009.? Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Rabanal and Montalban, 1953:143.? Rabanal et al., 1953:156.?Velasquez, 1953a: 100.?Zaneveld, 1956:11; 1959:97.?Gilbert, 1961:415.?Rabanal and Montalban, 1961:4?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:25, fig. 12.?Velasquez, 1971:431, fig. 5?Reyes, 1972:137.?Trono, 1973c:3, fig. 17.?Ve? lasquez et al., 1973:9, pi. 1: fig. 2.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:38, fig. 16.?Reyes, 1978:146, 162, pi. 3: fig. 1.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:18.?Carumbana and Luchavez, 1980:189.?Cor? dero, 1980b:18, pi. 2.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:5, fig. [s.n].?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:1, pi. I: fig. 1.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:105.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:69, fig. 5.?Cordero, 1984a:70.?Mar? cos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 120.?Tungpalan, 1984:144. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Rizal, Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Quezon, MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.). NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Either Link (1820:5) or Greville (1830:lxvi, 179) is traditionally accredited with having first made the com? bination Enteromorpha intestinalis, but in fact it was Nees who did so in the index that he prepared for the collective work in which Link's article was published. Enteromorpha kylinii Bliding Enteromorpha kylinii Bliding, 1948:199, figs. 1-3 ["kylini"] [type locality: Kristineberg, Sweden].?Trono, 1973b:213; 1973c:4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). NUMBER 27 93 Enteromorpha Ungulata J. Agardh Enteromorpha Ungulata J. Agardh, 1883:143 [syntype localities: North Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico; New Zealand; Tasmania].?Howe, 1932:169.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:415.?Taylor, 1966b:343.?Ve? lasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977b:20.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:38, fig. 14.?Cordero, 1980b: 18, pi. 3 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981 :21?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Rizal, Manila, Quezon. PANAY. BASILAN. Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Miiller) J. Agardh Ulva prolifera O.F. Miiller, 1778:7, pi. 763(1) [type locality: Denmark]. Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Miiller) J. Agardh, 1883:129.?Merrill, 1918:39.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:415.?Cordero, 1973b: 16.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:146.?Cordero, 1984a:70. Enteromorpha salina Kutzing, 1845:247 [type locality: near Hildesheim, West Germany].?Chan, 1981:387, 389. Ulva compressa [misapplied name fide Collins in Merrill, 1918:39].?M. Blanco, 1837:842; 1845:581; 1879:261.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Manila Bay, Batangas. LEYTE (Biliran I.). MINDANAO: Zamboanga. NOTE.?Martens (1868:47, 62-63) identified Blanco's plant as Enteromorpha complanata Kutzing var. crinita (Nees) Kutzing, which Bliding (1963:119) referred to E. ramulosa. In the absence of authentic specimens, no definitive place? ment can be made. Enteromorpha ramulosa (J.E. Smith) Carmichael Ulva ramulosa J.E. Smith, 1810 [1809-1810]: pi. 2137 [type locality: Bantry Bay, Eire]. Enteromorpha ramulosa (J.E. Smith) Carmichael in W. Hooker, 1833:315.?Taylor, 1966b:343 [E. ramulosa prox.].?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:122, fig. 3.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142.?Fortes, 1981b:396. Conferva crinita Roth, 1797:162, pi. 1: fig. 3 [type locality: near Eckwar- den, Oldenburg, West Germany]. Enteromorpha crinita Nees, 1820: Index [2].?Martens, 1868:62-63.? Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:55.? Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:414.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:142.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:8. Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville var. crinita (Nees) Hauck, 1885 [1883-1885]:429.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. Enteromorpha ramulosa (J.E. Smith) Carmichael var. spinosa Kutzing, 1845:247 [syntype localities: North Sea; Adriatic Sea]. Enteromorpha spinescens Kutzing, 1856:12, pi. 33: fig. III.?Taylor, 1966b:343.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:142. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Rizal, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). NOTE.?Conferva crinita Roth, the intended basionym of Enteromorpha crinita, is a later homonym of C. crinita With? ering (1776:751) and hence not priorable. Enteromorpha crinita Nees is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. In elevating E. ramulosa var. spinosa to the status of species, Kutzing altered the spelling of the epithet to spinescens. Ulva Linnaeus Ulvafasciata Delile Ulva fasciata Delile, 1813:297, pi. 58: fig. 5 [type locality: Alexandria, Egypt].?Gilbert, 1961:415.?Reyes, 1972:138.?Rivera, 1974:108.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167.?Trono and Fortes, 1980: 65.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61 .?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU. SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). Ulva lactuca Linnaeus Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753:1163 [type locality: "in Oceano"].?Gilbert, 1946:77.?Velasquez, 1949:155.?Zaneveld, 1950:113.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:12; 1959:98.?Gilbert, 1961: 416.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:495, pi. 1, fig. 3; pi. 6: fig. 2 1 . ? Taylor, 1966b:344.?Velasquez, 1968a: 120, fig. 3.?Villones and Mag? damo, 1968:25, fig. 16.?Velasquez, 1971:431, fig. 6.?Reyes, 1972:138.?Trono, 1972a:87, 89.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Trono, 1973a:127; 1973b:213; I973c:5.?Velasquez et al., 1973:9, pi. 1: fig. 1.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Hamoy and Garciano, 1975:71.?Trono, 1975:26.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:40, fig. 12, 13.?Reyes, 1978:146, 162, pi. 3: fig. 7.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b: 19, pis. 5, [56].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:77.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Guzman, 1981:43, 50, 52.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:2, pi. I: fig. 4.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60, 61.?Luistro, Cajipe, and Laserna, 1 9 8 2 : 4 6 . ? T r o n o and Fortes , 1982 :145 .?Hur tado -Ponce , 1983:105.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1983:70, fig. 6.?Cordero, 1984a:71.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 120.?Tungpalan, 1984: 139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Manila Bay, Rizal, Cavite, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lu? bang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Ilacaon I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PA? LAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Ulva latissima auctorum Ulva latissima [misapplied name]. Ulva lactuca Linnaeus var. latissima [misapplied name].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:50. 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). N O T E . ? T h e name Ulva latissima Linnaeus has tradition? ally been misapplied to representatives of the genus with very broad sheet-like fronds, whereas the type is referable to Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) Lamouroux (see Silva, 1952a:295 and Papenfuss, 1960:303). While European rec? ords apparently are referable to Ulva gigantea (Kutzing) Bliding (1969:558), Weber-van Bosse's material probably belongs elsewhere. Ulva pertusa Kjellman Ulva pertusa Kjellman, 1897b:4, pi. 1: figs. 1-5; pi. 3: figs. 1-8 [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Domantay, 1962:281.?Reyes, 1972:138.?Trono, 1975:26.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 167.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977b:20; 1980b:20, pi. 6 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:65.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Cordero, 1982a: fig. 2 .?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1984a:71; 1984c:50.? Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Sorsogon. MASBATE. NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. Ulva reticulata Forsskal Ulva reticulata Forsskal, 1775:187 [syntype localities: "Gomfodae" (Al- Qunfidha), Saudi Arabia; Mokha, Yemen].?Montagne, 1844a:659.? Dickie, 1876a:243, 244.?Piccone, 1886:22, 89.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:52.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:416.?Menez, 1961:47, pi. 1: figs. 14-16.?Domantay, 1962:281.?Taylor, 1966b:344.?Velasquez, 1971:431, fig. 7.?Reyes, 1972:138.?Trono, 1972a:94.?Cordero, 1973b: 16.?Trono, 1973b:212; 1973d:4,pl. 1: fig. 3.?Westernhagen, 1973b:369 (table 3).?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Rivera, 1974:108.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I) .?Trono, 1975:27.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:167 [excluding Blanco and Martens records].?Taylor, 1977b:8.?Reyes, 1978:147, pi. 3: figs. 8, 9.? Cordero, 1979b:279.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:19.?Calumpong, 1980:143 (table 3).?Cordero, 1980b:20, pi. [45].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:7.?Cordero, 198Id:63, fig. 4 .? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:2, pi. I: fig. 3.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:106.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:70, fig. 7.?Cordero, 1984a:71; 1984b:57; 1984c:50.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984b: 120.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. Phycoseris reticulata (Forsskal) Kutzing, 1849:478.?Martens, 1868:23, 60-61 [excl. Blanco record].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:159. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Cavite, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), MASBATE (incl. Ticao I.). SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Jolo I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Ulva lactuca Linnaeus var. rigida (C. Agardh) Le Jolis, 1863:38.?Weber- van Bosse, 1913a:50. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (Jolo I.). Order CLADOPHORALES Family ANADYOMENACEAE Anadyomene Lamouroux Anadyomene brownii (J.E. Gray) J. Agardh Calomena brownii J.E. Gray, 1866:46, pi. XLIV: fig. 3 [type locality: Aus? tralia]. Anadyomene brownii (J.E. Gray) J. Agardh, 1887:127.?Taylor, 1966b:349.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:128. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). *Anadyomene eseptata Gilbert Anadyomene eseptata Gilbert, 1961:425, pi. 1 [type locality: Dalupiri I., Babuyan Is., Cagayan Prov., Luzon].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128.?Cordero, 1977b:30, pi. I l l : fig. 12; pi. IV: fig. 15.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), CENTRAL VISAYAS. *Anadyomene leclancheri Decaisne Anadyomene leclancheri Decaisne, 1844:236 [type locality: "Sooloo"].? Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:427.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128. Cystodictyon leclancheri (Decaisne) J.E. Gray, 1866:72, pi. XLIV: fig. 6 ["leclancherii"].?De Toni, 1889:373. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Sulu Archipelago. NOTE.?This species was made the type of a new genus, Cystodictyon, by J.E. Gray (1866:72). It was returned to Anadyomene by Heydrich (1894:283). Anadyomene plicata C. Agardh Anadyomene plicata C. Agardh, 1822a:400 [type locality: "Ravak" (Lawak), Waigeo 1., Moluccas, Indonesia].?Gilbert, 1961:427.?Taylor, 1966b:349.?Trono, 1972a:94; 1973a: 127, fig. 1; 1973c:9; 1975:29.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:128.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:10.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Zam- bales, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Ulva rigida C. Agardh Ulva rigida C. Agardh, 1822a:410 [lectotype locality: Cadiz, Spain fide Papenfuss, 1960:305]. Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh Ulva stellata Wulfen injacquin, 1786:351 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822a:400.?Gilbert, 1946:77; NUMBER 27 95 1961:427.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:499.?Villones and Mag? damo, 1968:12, fig. 4.?Velasquez, 1971:432, fig. 12.?Reyes, 1972:140.?Velasquez et al., 1973:13, pi. 3: fig. 15.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:128.? Reyes. 1978:149, pi. 5: fig. 6.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:108.?Hurtado- Ponce and Modelo, 1983:147.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:75, fig. 12. Anadyomene fiabellata Lamouroux, 1816:366, pi. XIV: fig. 3 [type locality: "Dans la Mousse de Corse des pharmaciens" (Alsidium kelmintho- chortos)].?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975: 128. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batan? gas, Albay. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by C. Agardh (1822a:400). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Microdictyon japonicum Setchell Microdictyon japonicum Setchell, 1925:107 [type locality: Tateyama, Chiba Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1977b:29, pi. I l l : fig. 14.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:109.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Microdictyon okamurae Setchell Microdictyon okamurae Setchell, 1925:107 ["Okamurai"] [type locality: Ryu? kyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1977b:29, pi. I l l : fig. 13. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Anadyomene wrightii Harvey ex J.E. Gray Anadyomene wrightii Harvey ex J.E. Gray, 1866:48, pi. XLIV: fig. 5 [type locality: Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Gilbert, 1961:428.?Mefiez, 1961: 49.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:128.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:19.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, 1984a: 74; 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.). CENTRAL VISAYAS. Microdictyon Decaisne Microdictyon agardhianum Decaisne Microdictyon agardhianum Decaisne, 1841:115 [type locality: Red Sea near Jidda, Saudi Arabia].?Reyes, 1972:140.?Velasquez et al., 1973:12, pi. 3: fig. 13.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:153.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. Negros Oriental. -LUZON: Batangas. NEGROS: Microdictyon boergesenii Setchell Microdictyon boergesenii Setchell, 1925:106 [type locality: St. Jan (St. John), Virgin Is.].?Reyes, 1978:149, pi. 5: fig. 7. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. *Microdictyon clathratum Martens Microdictyon clathratum Martens, 1868:25, 66-67 , pi. IV: fig. 1. [syntype localities: Ceram and Flores, Indonesia; Zamboanga, Mindanao].?De Toni, 1889:363.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:153. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Microdictyon curtissiae W.R. Taylor Microdictyon curtissiae W.R. Taylor, 1955:69, figs. 1-8, pi. I: fig. 2; pi. I l l [type locality: southeast coast of Florida, USA].?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I). Family CLADOPHORACEAE Chaetomorpha Kutzing Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kutzing Conferva aerea Dillwyn, 1806 [1802-1809]: pi. 80 [syntype localities: various, in England and Wales]. Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kutzing, 1849:379.?Velasquez, 1953a: 100.?Reyes, 1972:140.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 1 3 3 ? T r o n o and Fortes, 1980:63.?Fortes, 1981b:396.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON (southern), NEGROS: Negros Oriental. NOTE.?Arguments for and against the conspecificity of Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum have been presented from time to time. We follow Kornmann (1972) in recognizing separate species. Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Kutzing Conferva antennina Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1804a:381; 1804b: 161, foot? note [type locality: Reunion]. Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Kutzing, 1847a: 166.? Gilbert, 1961:430.?Mefiez, 1961:47.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133. Conferva media C. Agardh, 1824:100 [type locality: West Indies]. Chaetomorpha media (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1849:380.?Marcos-Agngar? ayngay, 1983:74, fig. 9.?Cordero, 1984a:75.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b:121. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Quezon. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Chaetomorpha antennina and C. media is discussed by B0rgesen (1940:37) and Gilbert (1961:430). Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey, 1858:87, pi. X L V L A [syntype localities: Key West, Florida, USA; mouth of Rio Bravo (Rio Grande), border of 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Mexico and Texas, USA].?Gilbert, 1961:430.?Mefiez, 1961:47.? Taylor, 1966b:344.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133.?Cor? dero, 1976c:10; 1977b:21.?Reyes, 1978:149, pi. 5: fig. 3.?Chan, 1981:387. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Rizal, Manila, SIQUIJOR. Chaetomorpha inflata Kutzing Chaetomorpha inflata Kutzing, 1849:378 [type locality: Java, Indonesia].? Martens, 1868:22, 58-59.?Gilbert , 1946:77; 1961:432.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Chaetomorpha crassa (C. Agardh) Kutzing Conferva crassa C. Agardh, 1824:99 [syntype localities: Trieste and Ve? nezia, Italy; England]. Chaetomorpha crassa (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1845:204.?Seale, 1911: 309.?Wester, 1916:158; 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Zaneveld, 1950:111.?Quisumbing, 1951:1008.?Mon? tilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:8; 1959:94.?Gilbert, 1961:431.?Domantay, 1962:279.?Reyes, 1972:140.?Trono, 1972a:94.?Velasquez et al., 1973:10, pi. 1: fig. 4.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1973b:369 (table 3); 1974:112 (table I) .?Trono, 1975:28.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133.?Cordero, 1976c:9, 10; 1977b:21.?Taylor, 1977b:8.?Reyes, 1978:148, 162, pi. 5: figs. 1, 2.?Tahil, 1978:52.?Cordero, 1979b:279.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:19.?Cordero, 1980b:21, pi. [60].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Saraya and Trono , 1980:8.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:63.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:7, fig. [s.n].?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Cordero, 198 ld:63.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Guzman, 1981:42, 48.?Me? nez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Trono and b e Lara, 1981:3, pi. II: fig. 3.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:106.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:73, fig. 8.?Mefiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:18.?Cordero, 1984a:75.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984b: 121. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Manila, Batangas, Albay, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Oc? cidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawi? tawi. Chaetomorpha gracilis Kutzing Conferva gracilis Kutzing, 1843b:259 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Chaetomorpha gracilis Kutzing, 1845:203.?Gilbert, 1961:432.?Velas? quez et al., 1973:10, pi. 2: fig. 5.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Manila, Batangas. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). NOTE.?Conferva gracilis Kutzing, the intended basionym of Chaetomorpha gracilis, is a later homonym of Conferva gracilis Wulfen (1803:21), C. gracilis (Vaucher) De Candolle (in Lamarck and De Candolle, 1805:55), and C. gracilis Griffiths (in Harvey, 1834b:304) and hence is not priorable. Chaetomorpha gracilis Kutzing is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. This species was placed in the genus Lola by Chapman (1961:74). ^Chaetomorpha kellersii Howe Chaetomorpha kellersii Howe, 1932:169, fig. 1 [type locality: "Panay Island"].?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:432.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Chaetomorpha ligustica (Kutzing) Kutzing Conferva ligustica Kutzing, 1845:259 [type locality: Golfo di Genova, Italy]. Chaetomorpha ligustica (Kutzing) Kiitzing, 1849:376. Chaetomorpha tortuosa [misapplied name].?Taylor, 1966b:344.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Manila. N O T E . ? T h e name Chaetomorpha tortuosa (Dillwyn) Kiitz? ing, although often cited, is non-existent. In fact, Kutzing (1845:205) transferred Conferva tortuosa Dillwyn (1805 [1802-1809]: pi. 46) to Rhizoclonium and established a new species, R. capillare Kutzing (1847a: 166), to accommodate Mediterranean populations that other workers had associ? ated erroneously (in his opinion) with Dillwyn's plant. Still later, Kutzing (1849:376) transferred R. capillare to Chae? tomorpha, unfortunately changing the epithet to tortuosa and thus setting the stage for serious confusion. Two tax? onomic synonyms listed by Ardissone (1887 [1886-1887]: 209) have equal priority, Conferva ligustica Kutzing (1843:259) and Spongopsis mediterranea Kutzing (1843b:261), of which the former is herewith chosen to serve as the basionym of the correct name for this species. Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Miiller) Kutzing Conferva linum O.F. Miiller, 1778:7, pi. 771:2 [syntype localities: Nakskov and R#dby, Denmark]. Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Miiller) Kutzing, 1845:204.?Sulit, Navarro, and San Juan, 1952:170 (table 5).?Rabanal and Montalban, 1953:142.?Villadolid and Villaluz, 1953:5-10.?Villaluz, 1953: 103.?Gilbert, 1961:432.?Rabanal and Montalban, 1961:3.?Taylor, 1966b:344.?Reyes, 1972:140.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:134.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:107.? Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Rizal, Manila Bay, Albay. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.). NUMBER 27 97 Chaetomorpha spiralis Okamura Chaetomorpha spiralis Okamura, 1903:131 [type locality: Japan (Nemoto, Boshu Prov. [Chiba Prefecture] fide isotype in UC)].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Calumpong, 1982:145. Chaetomorpha clavata Kutzing var. torta Farlow ex Collins, 1909:323 [type locality: San Diego, California, USA]. Chaetomorpha torta (Farlow ex Collins) Yendo, 1914:264.?Gilbert, 1961:433.?Domantay, 1962:279.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:134. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NE? GROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Abbott (1972:259). Cladophora conferta P . Crouan and H. Crouan Cladophora conferta P. Crouan and H. Crouan in Schramm and Maze, 1865:37 [type locality: Guadeloupe]. Cladophora uncinata Brgesen, 1913:20, figs. 9, 10 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1982:174). Cladophora crispula Vickers Cladophora crispula Vickers, 1905:56 [type locality: Barbados].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Cladophora Kutzing Cladophora albida (Nees) Kutzing Conferva albida Hudson, 1778:595 [type locality: England]. Annulina albida Nees, 1820: Index [1]. Cladophora albida (Nees) Kutzing, 1843b:267.?Domantay, 1962:279.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NOTE.?Conferva albida Hudson, the intended basionym of Cladophora albida, is a later homonym of Conferva albida Forsskal (1775:xii) and hence not priorable. Annulina albida Nees is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Cladophora aokii Yamada Cladophora aokii Yamada, 1925a:85, fig. Il l [type locality: Byobi-to, Taiwan].?Gilbert, 1961:429.?Taylor, 1966b:345.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:9, pi. I: fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan. Cladophora catenata (Linnaeus) Kutzing Conferva catenata Linnaeus, 1753:1166 [syntype localities: "in mari Euro- pam australem et Americam meridionalem"]. Cladophora catenata (Linnaeus) Kutzing, 1843b:271. Cladophora fuliginosa Kutzing, 1849:415 [type locality: La Habana, Cuba].?Gilbert, 1961:429.?Mefiez, 1961:46, pi. 2: figs. 17-19.? Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:135.?Cordero, 1977b:22, pi. I: figs. 3, 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan. CEBU (Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1963:123, footnote; 1982:59). Philippine records of this species were cited by van den Hoek (1982:61), but with an expression of uncertainty. Cladophora crucigera Grunow Cladophora crucigera Grunow, 1867:38, footnote [type locality: Guade? loupe].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. NOTE.?Van den Hoek (1982:39) did not see the type of this species, but thinks that the description suggests a robust plant of C. vagabunda whose ultimate branch systems have disappeared by sporulation. Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kutzing Conferva crystallina Roth, 1797:196 [type locality: near Wismar, East Germany]. Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kutzing, 1843b:267.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:9.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. Cladophora cymopoliae B0rgesen Cladophora cymopoliae Brgesen, 1925:69, figs. 27-29 [type locality: Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias].?Vannajan and Trono , 1977:43. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Cladophora dalmatica Kutzing Cladophora dalmatica Kutzing, 1843b:268 [type locality: Split, Yugo? slavia].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Cladophora filipendula Cladophora filipendula.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). NOTE.?Westernhagen did not give an author for this 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES name and we have been unable to find its place of publica? tion. Cladophora inserta Dickie Cladophora inserta Dickie, 1876b:454 [type locality: Honolulu, Hawaiian Is.].?Chan, 1981:387, 389.?Trono and Ang, 1982:3. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. PALA? WAN (Bugsuk I.). Cladophora japonica Yamada Cladophora japonica Yamada, 1931a:65, pi. XVI [syntype localities: Sagami and Kazusa provinces (Kanagawa and Chiba prefectures), Japan]1.? Cordero, 1977b:22, pi. I: fig. 5. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kutzing Conferva laetevirens Dillwyn, 1805 [1802-1809]: pi. 48 ["laete virens"] [type locality: Swansea, Wales]. Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kutzing, 1843b:267. Conferva heteronema C. Agardh, 1824:114 [type locality: Venezia, Italy]. Cladophora heteronema (C. Agardh) Kutzing 1843b:265.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1963:129). Cladophora liebetruthii Grunow Cladophora liebetruthii Grunow in Piccone, 1884b:53 [type locality: Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias].?Fortes and Trono, 1980:55, fig. 4.?Chan, 1981:387. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. Cladophora pellucida (Hudson) Kutzing Conferva pellucida Hudson, 1762:483 [type locality: Walney I., Lancashire, England].?Montagne, 1844a:658 [with query].?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:138. Cladophora pellucida (Hudson) Kutzing, 1843b:271.?Martens, 1868:58- 59 [with query].?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:429.?Domantay, 1962: 279.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. Conferva trichotoma C. Agardh, 1824:121 [type locality: Atlantic France]. Cladophora trichotoma (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1843b:271.?Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:174, pi. 4: fig. 29.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:136.?Trono and Young, 1977:54.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:40.?Chan, 1981:387.?Fortes, 198 lb:396.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:108.?Hur? tado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Rizal, Cavite, Batangas. CATANDUANES. CEBU (Mac? tan I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1963:215). Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kutzing Conferva prolifera Roth, 1797:182, pi. I l l : fig. 2 [type locality: "in mare Corsicam"]. Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kiitzing, 1843b:27L?Cordero, 1977b:22.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. Cladophora rugulosa Martens, 1868:112, pi. II: fig. 3 [lectotype locality: Port Natal (Durban), South Africa fide Papenfuss, 1943a:80].?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1983:75, fig. 10. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos N o r t e . CENTRAL VISAYAS. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1982:169). *Cladophora quisumbingii Manza Cladophora quisumbingii Manza, 1939:109 [type locality: Batan I., Batanes Prov., Luzon].?Taylor, 1966b:345, fig. 1.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:9, pi. I: fig. 1. * Cladophora philippinensis Manza, 1939: 109 [type locality: Bawa, Cagayan Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasinan. NOTE.?Manza (1939:109) described Cladophora philip? pinensis and C. quisumbingii on the basis of specimens in the Bureau of Science, Manila. His publication was overlooked by Taylor, who studied Philippine algae including duplicates of the Bureau of Science collections in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Seeing an apparently undescribed Cladophora labeled C. quisumbingii (without authorship) and believing that this name had not been published, Taylor (1966b:345) described it as a new species under that name. Because the holotype of C. quisumbingii Manza was destroyed during World War II, the isotype at Berkeley (UC 1402218) becomes the lectotype. The isotype of C. philippinensis Manza (UC 1402215), which is labeled with that name but without its author, similarly becomes the lectotype of its species. This specimen was included by Taylor in his circumscription of C. quisumbingii. Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kutzing Conferva rupestris Linnaeus, 1753:1167 [type locality: "in Europae marinis rupibus copiosissima"]. Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kutzing, 1843b:270.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:23.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:75, fig. 11. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cladophora sakaii Abbott Cladophora densa Harvey, 1860a:334 [type locality: "Hakodadi Bay" (Hak? odate), Japan] [replaced name].?Cordero, 1984a:75. Cladophora sakaii Abbott, 1972:259. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. NOTE.?Cladophora sakaii is a substitute name for C. NUMBER 27 99 densa Harvey, a later homonym of C. densa (Roth) Kutzing (1845:209). Cladophora sericea (Hudson) Kutzing Conferva sericea Hudson, 1762:485 [type locality: Isle of Sheppey, Kent, England]. Cladophora sericea (Hudson) Kutzing, 1843b:264. Conferva rudolphiana C. Agardh, 1827:636 [type locality: Trieste, Italy]. Cladophora rudolphiana (C. Agardh) Kutzing, 1843b:268.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:107.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by van den Hoek (1963:77). 265].?Taylor, 1966b:334.?Westernhagen, I973a:64; 1974:112 (ta? ble I).?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Bataan. CENTRAL VI? SAYAS. CEBU (Mactan I.). Rhizoclonium crassipellitum W. West and G.S. West var. robustum G.S. West Rhizoclonium crassipellitum W. West and G.S. West var. robustum G.S. West, 1904:283 [type locality: Barbados].?Taylor, 1966b:344.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:161 [without designation of variety]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Rizal. Cladophora sibogae Reinbold Cladophora sibogae Reinbold, 1905.146 [syntype localities: Banda Is., Mol? uccas and Dongola (Donggala), Celebes, Indonesia].?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Rhizoclonium grande Brgesen Conferva membranacea C. Agardh, 1824:120 [type locality: "Ad insulam S. Crucis" (St. Croix, Virgin Is.)]. Cladophoropsis membranacea (C. Agardh) B^rgesen, 1905:285, figs. 8 - 13.?Cordero, 1976c: 10; 1977b:28.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977: 43.?Reyes, 1978:151, pi. 6: figs. 5, 6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION, QUIJOR. -BATANES. LUZON: Manila, si- Cladophoropsis neocaledonica (Grunow ex Murray and Boodle) Papenfuss Spongocladia neocaledonica Grunow ex Murray and Boodle, 1888:175 [type locality: Poro, New Caledonia].?Trono, 1973d:5, pi. 1: fig. 1.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:13, pi. II: fig. 1. Cladophoropsis neocaledonica (Grunow ex Murray and Boodle) Papenfuss, 1958:104. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Struvea Sonder Struvea anastomosans (Harvey) Piccone and Grunow ex Piccone Cladophora? anastomosans Harvey, 1859:pl. CI [type locality: Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia]. Struvea anastomosans (Harvey) Piccone and Grunow ex Piccone, 1884b: 20.?Cordero, 1977b:30.?Reyes, 1978:153, pi. 7: fig. 2.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:13, pi. I: fig. 3.?Chan, 1981:387, 389. Struvea delicatula Kutzing, 1866:1, pi. 2: figs, e-g [type locality: New Caledonia].?Gilbert, 1961:421.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:164.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Struvea delicatula and S. anastomosans was proposed by Murray and Boodle (1888:281), who, however, erroneously adopted the later name. * Cladophoropsis philippinensis W.R. Taylor Cladophoropsis philippinensis W.R. Taylor, 1961:58, figs. 1-6 [type local? ity: Little Santa Cruz I., near Zamboanga (city), Mindanao].?Taylor, 1966b:348.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:136.?Taylor, 1977b:9. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDANAO: Zamboanga del S u r . BASILAN. Cladophoropsis sundanensis Reinbold Cladophoropsis sundanensis Reinbold, 1905:147 [syntype localities: "Ti? mor, Laut, etc.", Indonesia].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:77.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:424.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:136. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Cladophoropsis vaucheriaeformis (J.E. Areschoug) Papenfuss Spongocladia vaucheriaeformis J.E. Areschoug, 1854:202, pi. II [type local? ity: Mauritius].?Gilbert, 1961:424.?Taylor, 1966b:348.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:163.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:14. Cladophoropsis vaucheriaeformis (J.E. Areschoug) Papenfuss, 1958:104. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. SULU: Tawitawi. Struvea ramosa Dickie Struvea ramosa Dickie, 1874b:316 [type locality: Bermuda].?Western? hagen, 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Family VALONIACEAE Dictyosphaeria Decaisne ex Endlicher Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) Brgesen Ulva cavernosa Forsskal, 1775:187 [syntype localities: "Gomfodae" (Al- Qunfidha), Saudi Arabia; Mokha, Yemen]. Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) Brgesen Ernodesmis verticillata (Kutzing) Brgesen Valonia verticillata Kutzing, 1847a: 165 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Ernodesmis verticillata (Kutzing) B<>rgesen, 1912:259, figs. 10-12.? Reyes, 1978:151, pi. 6: figs. 7, 8. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) Brgesen var. bullata Brgesen Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskal) B^rgesen var. bullata B^rgesen, 1952:5, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Riambel, Mauritius].?Cordero, 1977b:28. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Dictyosphaeria intermedia Weber-van Bosse Dictyosphaeria intermedia Wdber-van Bosse, 1905:143 [type locality: Jang- kar.Java, Indonesia].?Mefiez, 1961:49.?Taylor, 1966b:348.?Velas? quez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasi? nan. Dictyosphaeria ocellata (Howe) Olsen-Stojkovich Valonia ocellata Howe, 1920:603 [type locality: Watling's I., Bahama Is.].?Cordero, 1977b:25. Dictyosphaeria ocellata (Howe) Olsen-Stojkovich, 1985b:62. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. NOTE.?Taylor (1960:111) considered the structure of this species to be intermediate between Valonia and Dictyo? sphaeria, "with more resemblance to solid forms of the latter genus." Olsen-Stojkovich assigned it to Dictyosphaeria on the basis of immunological distance data. Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber-van Bosse Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber-van Bosse, 1905:144 ["versluysi"] [syntype localities: various, all in Indonesia].?Domantay, 1962:280.?Trono, 1973b:216; 1973c:8.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:141.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:11, pi. I: fig. 2. Dictyosphaeria vanbosseae B(/>rgesen, 1912:256, figs. 7-9 ["van Bosseae"] [type locality: Cane Bay, St. Croix, Virgin Is.].?Velasquez et al., 1973:12, pi. 3: fig. 12. Valonia C. Agardh Valonia aegagropila C. Agardh Valonia aegagropila C. Agardh, I822a:429 [lectotype locality: Venezia, Italy fide Egerod, 1952:348].?Gilbert, 1961:418.?Taylor, 1966b: 347.?Reyes, 1972:139.?Trono, 1972a:95; 1973b:215; 1973c:8, fig. 16; 1973d:4, pi. 1: fig. 2.?Velasquez et al., 1973:11, pi. 3: fig. 10.? Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 188.?Trono, 1975:30.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:168.?Taylor, 1977b:8.?Reyes, 1978:152, pi. 6: fig. 13.?Trono, 1978:3.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:3.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:11.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:11, fig. [s.n].?Chan, 1981:387.?Guzman, 1981:42, 45.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:382.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:4, pi. II: fig. 4.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:111.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:147.?Cordero, 1984a:72. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Valonia confervoides Harvey ex J. Agardh Valonia confervoides Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887:100 [syntype localities: Sri Lanka; Tonga].?Domantay, 1962:281.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:168. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J. Agardh Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887:101, pi. I: fig. 5 [syntype localities: Sri Lanka; Tonga].?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Gilbert, 1946:77; 1961:419?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:168.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:11.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. NUMBER 27 103 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (Sibutu I.). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. Valonia macrophysa Kutzing Valonia macrophysa Kutzing, 1843b:307 [type locality: Hvar I., Yugo? slavia].?Martens, 1868:25, 66-67.?Gilbert , 1946:77; 1961:420.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:168.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, 1984a:72. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, CEN? TRAL VISAYAS. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Valonia utricularis (Roth) C. Agardh Conferva utricularis Roth, 1797:160, pi. I: fig. 1 [type locality: Mediterra? nean Sea]. Valonia utricularis (Roth) C. Agardh, 1822a:431.?Martens, 1868:25,66- 67.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:60.?Gilbert, 1947:77; 1961:420.?Domantay, 1962:282.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:168.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977b:25.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:12.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, 1984a:72. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. CENTRAL VISAYAS. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. Valonia ventricosa J. Agardh Valonia ventricosa]. Agardh, 1887:96 [syntype localities: St. Croix, Virgin Is.; Guadeloupe].?Mefiez, 1961:48.?Domantay, 1962:282.?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Reyes, 1972:139.?Trono, 1972a:95.?Cordero, 1973b: 17.?Trono, 1973c:8.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185, 186, 187, 188.?Trono, 1975:30.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:168.?Reyes, 1978:152, pi. 6: fig. 10.?Trono, 1978:3.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:3.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:20.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:11.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:13, fig. [s.n].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:111.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas, Sorsogon. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. SULU: Tawitawi (incl. Sibutu I.). Order BRYOPSIDALES Family BRYOPSIDACEAE Bryopsis Lamouroux Bryopsis corticulans Setchell Bryopsis corticulans Setchell in Collins, Holden, and Setchell, 1899: no. 626 [syntype localities: Carmel Bay and Pacific Grove, California, USA].?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Bryopsis indica A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Bryopsis indica A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1908:169, pi. 22: figs. 10, 11 [syntype localities: various, in Indian Ocean].?Gilbert, 1961:434.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130.?Cordero, 1977b:31.?Van? najan and Trono, 1977:45, fig. 7. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cavite. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CEBU (Mactan I.). Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux, 1809b:333 [type locality: Antilles].?Trono, 1975:32?Reyes, 1978:153, pi. 7: fig. 3.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux var. secunda (Harvey) Collins and Hervey Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh var. secunda Harvey, 1858:31, pi. XLV:A: figs. 1-3 [syntype localities: Key West and Sand Key, Florida, USA]. Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux var. secunda (Harvey) Collins et Hervey, 1917 :62? Gilbert, 1961:434.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130 [without designation of variety], PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION .?BASILAN . Valoniopsis Brgesen Valoniopsis pachynema (Martens) Brgesen Bryopsis pachynema Martens, 1868:24, pi. IV: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Bengkulu and Pulau Tikus, Sumatra, Indonesia]. Valoniopsis pachynema (Martens) B^rgesen, 1934:10, figs. 1, 2.?Gilbert, 1961:428.?Taylor, 1961:58; 1966b:347.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:168.?Cor? dero, 1977b:26.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382.?Cordero, I984a:74. Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh Ulva plumosa Hudson, 1778:571 [type locality: Exmouth, Devonshire, England]. Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1822a:448.?Velasquez et al., 1973:13, pi'. 4: fig. 16.?Vannajan and Trono , 1977:44, figs. 5, 6.? Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:14, pi. II: fig. 4. Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Cordero, 1984a:76. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Rizal, Manila, Cavite, Batangas. CEBU (Mactan I.). 104 Derbesia Solier Derbesia attenuata Funk Derbesia attenuata Funk, 1955:23 [type locality: Napoli, Italy].?Chan, 1981:387,389. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier Vaucheria marina Lyngbye, 1819:79, pi. 2 2 : A [sporophyte] [type locality: Kvivig, Str#m0, Faeroes]. Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier, 1846:453. Gastridium ovale Lyngbye, 1819:72, pi. 18:B [gametophyte] [syntype lo? calities: various, all in Faeroes]. Halicystis ovalis (Lyngbye) J.E. Areschoug, 1850:447.?Domantay, 1962: 281.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147.?Reyes, 1978: 152.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:14, pi. II: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION (of gametophyte).?LUZON: Pangasinan. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Kornmann (1938) was the first to show that Halicystis ovalis and Derbesia marina are alternating stages. The sporophyte has not yet been reported from the Phil? ippines. Derbesia tenuissima (Moris and De Notaris) P. Crouan and H. Crouan Bryopsis tenuissima Moris and De Notaris, 1839:259, pi. VI: fig. Il l [type locality: Cabrera, Islas Baleares, Spain]. Derbesia tenuissima (Moris and De Notaris) P. Crouan and H. Crouan, 1867:133.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977b:31. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. N O T E . ? J . Feldmann (1950) showed that Derbesia tenuis? sima alternates with Halicystis parvula Schmitz ex G. Murray (1893:50, pi. XIII: fig. 5). The gametophyte has not yet been reported from the Philippines. Pedobesia MacRaild and Womersley Pedobesia ryukyuensis (Yamada and Tanaka) Kobara and Chihara Derbesia ryukyuensis Yamada and Tanaka, 1938:64, fig. 5 [type locality: Pinai, Yonakuni-shima, Sakishima-gunto, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Cor? dero, 1976c:9; 1977b:31. Pedobesia ryukyuensis (Yamada and Tanaka) Kobara and Chihara, 1984: 156. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Family CAULERPACEAE Caulerpa Lamouroux Caulerpa ambigua Okamura Caulerpa ambigua Okamura, 1897:4, pi. I: figs. 3-12 [type locality: Oga? sawara-gunto (Bonin Is.) Japan].?Saraya and Trono , 1980:15. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Caulerpa arenicola W.R. Taylor Caulerpa arenicola W.R. Taylor, 1950:55, pi. 28: fig. 2 [type locality: Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:5, pi. 1:H. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. SIQUIJOR. Caulerpa brachypus Harvey Caulerpa brachypus Harvey, 1860a:333 [type locality: Tanega-shima, Os- umi-gunto.Japan].?Gilbert, 1961:435.?Domantay, 1962:279.?Tay? lor, 1966b:350.?Kraft, 1972:328.?Trono, 1972a:95; 1973b:217; 1973d:6, pi. 3: fig. 9.?Cordero, 1974b:6, fig. 1 .?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130.?Cordero, 1977c:25, 27, fig. 2.?Taylor, 1977a:4.?Reyes, 1978:153, pi. 7: fig. 4.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:17.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:5, pi. l : i .?Trono and Ang, 1982:4.?Cordero, 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MAS? BATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PANAY: Antique (Panagatan Cays), NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Surigao del Norte, BASILAN. PALAWAN Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Sibutu I., Tumindao I.). Caulerpa brachypus Harvey f. parvifolia (Harvey) Cribb Caulerpa parvifolia Harvey, 1860b: pi. CLXXII [type locality: Kiama, New South Wales, Australia].?Gilbert, 1942:11; 1961:437.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131. Caulerpa brachypus Harvey f. parvifolia (Harvey) Cribb, 1958:209. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.). Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh Fucus cupressoides Vahl, 1802:38 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh, 1817:XXIH.?Domantay, 1962:278.?de los Reyes, 1967:231.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:24, fig. 8.?Reyes, 1972:142.?Trono, 1972a:96.?Cordero, 1973b: 19.?Trono, 1973c:9, fig. 22; 1973d:5, pi. 3: fig. 12; 1975:32.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:130.?Taylor, 1977a:4.?Reyes, 1978:155, pi. 8, fig. 7 .?Trono, 1978:4.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:4.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:23.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:17.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:6, pi. 1:B,C.?Trono and Ang, 1982:4.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:83, fig. 16.?Cordero, 1984a:76. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Ori? ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NUMBER 27 105 Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. ericifolia (Turner) Weber-van Bosse Fucus ericifolius Turner , 1808:124, pi. 56 [type locality: Bermuda]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. ericifolia (Turner) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:335.?Domantay, 1962:278. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa lycopodium J. Agardh, 1847:6 [syntype localities: Brazil; West Indies]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse, 1898:335.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:115.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. NOTE.?Caulerpa lycopodium J. Agardh, the intended basionym of C. cupressoides var. lycopodium, is a later homo? nym of C. lycopodium C. Agardh (18l7:xxm) and hence not priorable. The Weber-van Bosse trinomial is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. amicorum (Harvey) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa amicorum Harvey, 1860a:333 [type locality: O-shima, Amami- gunto, Ryukyu-retto, Japan]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. amicorum (Harvey) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:337.?Gilbert, 1942: 17.?Trono, 1973c:9.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. elegans (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh var. elegans P. Crouan and H. Crouan in Schramm and Maze, 1865:39 [type locality: Guadeloupe]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. elegans (P. Crouan and H. Crouan) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:336.? Cordero, 1977b:32. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Caulerpa elongata Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa elongata Weber-van Bosse, 1898:271, pi. XXI: figs. 5, 6 [syntype localities: Tongatapu, Tonga; Macassar, Celebes, Indonesia].?Taylor, 1977a:5. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne, 1837:353 [type locality: Cuba].?Gilbert, 1942:9; 1961:436.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131.?Taylor, 1977a:5.?Reyes, 1978:154, pi. 8: figs. 1, 2.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:6, pi. I:A. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Occidental Min? doro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Sa? mar. NEGROS: Negros Occidental (incl. Suyac I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. Caulerpa fergusonii Murray Caulerpa fergusonii Murray, 1891:212, pi. 53: figs. 1,2 [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Taylor, 1977a:5.?Cordero, 1980b:23, pis. 8, [46].?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1983:115.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: d o r o . CENTRAL VISAYAS. Oriental Min- PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION. - sogon. SIQUIJOR. -LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sor- Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. disticha Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. disticha Weber-van Bosse, 1898:338, pi. XXVII: fig. 14 [syntype localities: Guadeloupe; Florida, USA]. Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh var. disticha Weber-van Bosse, 1898:327, 328.?Gilbert, 1961:436. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. NOTE.?Caulerpa cupressoides var. lycopodium f. disticha and C. cupressoides var. disticha are alternative names for the same taxon, both being used by Weber-van Bosse in the original publication. Caulerpa filicoides Yamada Caulerpa filicoides Yamada, 1936b: 135, pi. 30: fig. 2 [syntype localities: Mikakoand Naha, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Saraya and Trono , 1980:15, pi. I l l : figs. 1,4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh Caulerpa lentillifera ]. Agardh, 1837:173 [type locality: Ethiopia].?Gil? bert, 1942:23; 1961:436.?Domantay, 1962:277.?Taylor, 1966b:350 [var. lentillifera].?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:24, fig. 7 .?Trono, 1972a:96; 1973b:217; 1973c:10, fig. 1; 1973d:5, pi. 5: fig. 20; 1975:33.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131.?Taylor, 1977a:5.?Reyes, 1978:155, 162, pi. 8: fig. 6 .?Trono, 1978:4.? Trono and Tuason, 1978:3.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Fortes, 1979:112, figs. 1, 2.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Moreland, 106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1980:43.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:16.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:63.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:17, fig. [s.n].?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono, 1981a:49.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Luistro, Cajipe, and Laserna, 1982:46.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:7, pi. 1:F,G.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:64, 66. Caulerpa lentillifera]. Agardh var. longistipitata Weber-van Bosse in Rein? bold, 1901:189 [syntype localities: Ko Chick, Ko Chang Archipelago, Thailand; various in Indonesia].?Taylor, 1966b:350. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas, Camarines Norte, Sorsogon. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Misamis Occidental, Davao. BASILAN. PALA? WAN, SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Sibutu I., Turtle Is.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Nizamuddin (1967:158). *Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh var. compacta Trono and Ang Caulerpa lentillifera ]. Agardh var. compacta Trono and Ang, 1982:7, figs. 1-4 [type locality: Bugsuk I., Palawan Prov.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kutzing var. pluriseriata W.R. Taylor Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kutzing var. pluriseriata W.R. Taylor, 1975:77, fig. 1 [including Philippine records] [type locality: Tatagan I., Malaysia]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. SIQUI? JOR. Caulerpa microphysa (Weber-van Bosse) J. Feldmann Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. clavifera (Turner) Weber-van Bosse f. microphysa Weber-van Bosse, 1898:361, pi. XXXIII: fig. 5 [type locality: Macassar, Celebes, Indonesia].?Cordero, 1984c:52. Caulerpa microphysa (Weber-van Bosse) J. Feldmann, 1955:430.?Taylor, 1966b:350.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:131 .?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:383.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:7, pi. 2:L. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MASBATE. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (Pescador I., Sumilon I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), BASILAN. Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux Fucus prolifer Forsskal, 1775:193 [type locality: Alexandria, Egypt]. Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux, 1809b:332.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Caulerpa lessonii Bory de Saint-Vincent Caulerpa lessonii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826-1829]: 193, pi. 22: fig. 3 [type locality: Oualan (Kosrae) I., Caroline Is.].?Taylor, 1977a:6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: La Union, Pangasi? nan. Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kutzing Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kutzing, 1849:496 [type locality: Mex? ico],?Taylor, 1966b:350.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131.? Taylor, 1977a:7.?Trono and Ang, 1982:5. Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh var. crassifolia C. Agardh, 1822a:436 [syntype localities: Indian Ocean; Red Sea; West Indies]. Caulerpa crassifolia (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1873:13.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:99 [f. typica].? Gilbert, 1942:12; 1946:78.?Gilbert, 1961: 436.?Mefiez, 1961:53.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 130.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:6, pi. 1:D,E. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: La Union, Pangasi? nan, Sorsogon. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss (1956:65). Caulerpa crassifolia has priority only from 1873, the basionym being at varietal rank. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh Fucus racemosus Forsskal, 1775:191 (type locality: Suez, Egypt]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh, 1873:35.?Gilbert, 1946:78.? Zaneveld, 1950:110.?Velasquez, 1953a: 100.?Zaneveld, 1956:6; 1959:92.?Mefiez, 1961:51.?Taylor, 1966b:350.?de los Reyes, 1967:231.?Velasquez, 1968a: 119, fig. 1.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:12, fig. 6.?Velasquez, 1971:435, fig. 13.?Kraft, 1972:328, 329.?Reyes, 1972:142.?Trono, 1972a:96.?Velasquez, 1972:63.? Bersamin et al., 1973:185.?Trono, 1973b:218.?Trono, 1973d:6, pi. 2: figs. 7, 8; pi. 4: figs. 13-16.?Velasquez et al., 1973:14, pi. 4: fig. 20.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:178.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I) .?Trono, 1975:33.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131.?Cordero, 1976c:6 [var. race? mosa]; 1977b:34 [var. racemosa].? Taylor, 1977a:8.?Reyes, 1978:156, 162, pi. 8: fig. 8; pi. 9: figs. 1-4.?Sotto, 1978:109.?Trono, 1978:5.? Trono and Tuason, 1978:3.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 280.?Fortes, 1979:112, fig. 3.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:23.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:24, pi. 10; 26, pis. 13, [57] [var. race? mosa].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Moreland, 1980:43, 46.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:16.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:63.?Trono and Gan? zon-Fortes, 1980:19, fig. [s.n].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:76.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Guzman, 1981:43.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:4.?Calumpong, 1982:145.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:7.?Trono and Ang, 1982:6.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:84, fig. 17.?Cordero, 1984a:77; 1984b:58; 1984c:51.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 121.?Tungpa? lan, 1984:139.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1985:64, 66. Fucus clavifer Turner , 1808:126, pi. 57 [type locality: Red Sea]. Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh, 18l7:xxm.?Dickie, 1874a: 197; NUMBER 27 107 1876a:244.?Howe, 1932:169.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:130. Chauvinia clavifera (Turner) Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1829 [1826-1829]: 207.?Martens, 1868:24, 64-65.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. clavifera (Turner) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:361, pi. XXXIII: figs. 1-3.?Gilbert, 1942:18; 1946:78.? Quisumbing, 1951:1007.? G i r ..>_, ; .?fi 1:437.? Galutira and Velas? quez, 1964:496.?Taylor, .966b:35L- Aguilar-Santos and Doty, 1968:174.?Taylor, 1977a: 10.?Mefiez an J Calumpong, 1981:383.? Cordero, 1982a:60, fig. 5. -Mefiez and <_,ilumpong, 1982:7, pi. 2 : A . ? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:115 Hnr^H-<>0nce and Modelo, 1983:148.? Cordero, 1984c:52.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179. Fucus uvifer Turner , 1816 [ 1815-1819]:81, pi. 230 [type locality: Red Sea]. Caulerpa uvifera C. Agardh, 1817:xxm. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal)J. Agardh var. uvifera (C. Agardh)J. Agardh, 1873:35.?Collado, 1926:129.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Gilbert, 1942:20.?Zaneveld, 1950:110.?Quisumbing, 1951:1008.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:7; 1959:93.?Gilbert, 1961:440.?Bersamin etal . , 1973:185.?Cordero, 1980b:27,pl. 15.? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:9, pi. 2:D. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan, Antique (incl. Panagatan Cays), NEGROS: Negros Occidental (Ilacaon I., Suyac I.), Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I., Pescador I., Sumilon I.), SIQUIJOR. MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, Davao. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (incl. Cagayan Sulu I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Sibutu L, Tumindao I., Turtle Is.). NOTE.?The synonymy was proposed by Papenfuss and Egerod (1957:88). Fucus uvifer Turner, the intended bas? ionym of Caulerpa uvifera (and other combinations), is a later homonym of F. uvifer Forsskal (1775:192) and hence not priorable. Caulerpa uvifera C. Agardh is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. corynephora (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa corynephora Montagne, 1842a: 14 [type locality: Toud I. (Warrior Islet), Torres Strait, Australia]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. corynephora (Montagne) We? ber-van Bosse, 1898:364, pi. XXXIII: figs. 10-13.?Gilbert, 1942:20; 1961:438. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. gracilis (Zanardini) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh var. gracilis Zanardini, 1851:37 [type locality: Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. gracilis (Zanardini) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:370.?Gilbert, 1942:21; 1961:438. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?Locality not specified. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. laetevirens (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa laetevirens Montagne, 1842a: 13 [type locality: Toud I. (Warrior Islet), Torres Strait, Australia].?Piccone, 1886:29, 89.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. laetevirens (Montagne) Weber- van Bosse, 1898:366, pi. XXXII: figs. 16-22.?Gilbert, 1942:21; 1946:78.?Zaneveld, 1950:110; 1956:7; 1959:93.?Gilbert, 1961:438. ?Taylor, 1966b:35L?Kraft, 1972:328.?Cordero, 1976c:6, 8; 1977b:33.?Taylor, 1977a: 10.?Cordero, 1980b:25, pi. 11; 1984c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. MASBATE (incl. Ti? cao I.), PANAY: Antique (Panagatan Cays), CEBU (incl. Olango I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. SULU: Tawitawi (Bilitan I., Sibutu I.). Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. lamourouxii (Turner) Weber-van Bosse Fucus lamourouxii Turner , 1816 [ 1815-1819]:79, pi. 229 [type locality: Red Sea]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. lamourouxii (Turner) Weber- van Bosse, 1898:368, pi. XXXII: figs. 1-7; pi. XXXIII: fig. 15.? Gilbert, 1961:438.?Taylor, 1977a: 10.?Cordero, 1978b:47, fig. 3; 1980b:26, pi. 12. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). MIN? DANAO: Zamboanga, Surigao del Sur. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. macro Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. macro Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 106, fig. 26 [syntype localities: Moluccas, Indonesia: Fau Islet, Gebe I.; Majalibit Bay, Waigeo I.].?Gilbert, 1942:20; 1961:439. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Culion I.). Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. macrophysa (Sonder ex Kutzing) Taylor Chauvinia macrophysa Sonder ex Kutzing, 1857:6, pi. 15: fig. II [type locality: Central America]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. macrophysa (Sonder ex Kiitz? ing) Taylor, 1928:101, pi. 12: fig. 3; pi. 13: fig. 9.?Gilbert, 1942:19; 1961:439.?Domantay, 1962:277.?Taylor, 1966b:351.?Trono, 1973c: l l , fig. 3.?Menez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:8, pi. 2:c. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). 108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) Brgesen Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) Lamouroux var. occidentalis J. Agardh, 1873:37 [type locality: upper Gulf of Mexico to Recife, Brazil]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) B^rgesen, 1907:379, figs. 28, 29.?Domantay, 1962:278.?Taylor, 1966b:351.?Taylor, 1977a: 10?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:8, pi. 2:B.?Cordero, 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasi? nan, Rizal, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. NEGROS: Negros Orien? tal, SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Tapul Group). Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. peltata (Lamouroux) Eubank Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux, 1809b:332 [type locality: Antilles].?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Collado, 1926:129.?Gilbert, 1942:22 [var. typica]; 1946:78.?Taylor, 1966b:350 [var. peltata].?de los Reyes, 1967:231.?Reyes, 1972:142.?Velasquez et al., 1973:14, pi. 4: fig. 18.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187.?Trono, 1975:33.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:131.?Cordero, 1976a:84; 1976c:8.?Taylor, 1977a:8.?Cordero, 1978b:45, fig. 2 [var. typica].? Reyes, 1978:156, pi. 9: fig. 5.?Cordero, 1979b:280, fig. 2 [var. ty? pica]; 1980b:23, pi. 9 [var. typica].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:15, pi. II: fig. 3 .?Trono and Fortes, 1980:63.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144.?Cordero, 1984a:77; 1984c:5L?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b:121. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. peltata (Lamouroux) Eubank, 1946:421, fig. 2M.?Gi lbe r t , 1961:439.?Cordero, 1977b:33.?Me? fiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:8, pi. 2:K. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Batangas, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Ori? ental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I., Pescador I., Sumilon I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Surigao del Norte, BASI? LAN. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (incl. North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Tumindao I.). NOTE.?Shameel (1978) argues for retention of C. peltata as a distinct species. TAXA OF UNCERTAIN VALUE The following two infraspecific taxa are probably related to Caulerpa racemosa but have not been formally transferred to it. Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux var. macrodisca (Decaisne) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa macrodisca Decaisne, 1842a:336 [type locality: Anambas Is., Indonesia].?Howe, 1932:169.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:131.?Taylor, 1977a:7. Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux var. macrodisca (Decaisne) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:376.?Gilbert, 1942:23.?Zaneveld, 1950:110.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:6; 1959:92. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PANAY. CEBU. Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux var. nummularia (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa nummularia Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1873:38 [syntype localities: Tonga; Nukahiva, Marquesas Is.]. Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux var. nummularia (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:376, pi. XXXII: fig. 9.?Cordero, 1976a:84, fig. 1; 1976c:6; 1977b:32. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh var. turbinata J . Agardh, 1837:173 [type locality: near Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank, 1946:420, figs. 2o-q.? Taylor, 1977a: 10.?Cordero, 1980b:27, pi. 14. Fucus chemnitzia Esper, 1800:167 [given as "127"], pi. LXXXVIII [type locality: Malabar Coast, India]. Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. chemnitzia (Esper) Weber-van Bosse, 1898:370, pi. XXXI: figs. 5-8.?Gilbert, 1961:437. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. BASILAN. SULU: Sulu. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Weber-van Bosse (1898:370). * Caulerpa reyesii Menez and Calumpong Caulerpa reyesii Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:10, fig. 2, pi. 3:G-I [type locality: Solong-on, Siquijor I.].?Reyes, 1978:157, pi. 9: figs. 6, 7 [Caulerpa sp.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Caulerpa selago (Turner) C. Agardh Fucus selago Turner , 1808:122, pi. 55 [type locality: Red Sea]. Caulerpa selago (Turner) C. Agardh, 1817:xxm.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 101.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:440.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:132.?Taylor, 1977a: 10. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I., Tumindao I.). Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh Fucus serrulatus Forsskal, 1775:189 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh, 1837:174.?Gilbert, 1942:14 [incl. var. typica f. serrulata]; 1946:78.?Zaneveld, 1950:111.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:7; 1959:94.?Gilbert, 1961:440.?Mefiez, 1961:53.?Domantay, 1962:278.?Taylor, 1966b:351.?Aguilar-Santos and Doty, 1968:174.?Velasquez, 1971:435, fig. 15.?Reyes, 1972:142.?Trono, 1972a:96.?Cordero, NUMBER 27 109 1973b:19.?Bersaminet al., 1973:185.?Trono, 1973b:218; 1973c: l l , figs. 2, 23; 1973d:7, pi. 5: fig. 19. ?Velasquez et al., 1973:15, pi. 5: fig. 21.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186.?Trono, 1975:33.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:132.?Taylor, 1977a: 10 [var. ser? rulata].?Reyes, 1978:155, pi. 8: fig. 4 .?Trono, 1978:5.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:3.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Fortes, 1979:112.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:24.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:18.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:21, fig. [s.n].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:4, pi. HI: fig. 1.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:9, pi. 2:E.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:116?Hurtado- Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148 [var. serrulata].?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:84, fig. 18.?Cordero, 1984a:77; 1984b:58; 1984c:51.?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 122. Caulerpa freycinetii C. Agardh, 1822a:446 [type locality: Mariana Is.].? Collado, 1926:129.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Quisumbing, 1951:1007 [var. typica].?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?de los Reyes, 1967:231.?Cordero, 1982a:60. Caulerpa hummii Diaz-Piferrer, 1969b: 13, fig. 1 [type locality: Orquilla I. (cited Orchilla I. in error), Archipielago Los Hermanos, Venezuela].? Trono, 1973c:9, fig. 19.?Taylor, 1977a:l 1-12. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (incl. Apo I.), CEBU (incl. Mactan I., Sumilon I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Culion I.), SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Tumindao I.). NOTE.?The conspecificity of Caulerpa freycinetii and C. serrulata was proposed by B0rgesen (1932:5). Caulerpa hummii is included as a synonym on the authority of Taylor (1977a:ll-12). Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert Caulerpa boryana J. Agardh, 1873:20 [type locality: "ad insulas Oceani pacifici calidioris"]. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert, 1942:15.?Taylor, 1977a: l l . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MIN? DANAO: Davao. *Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert f. longifolia Gilbert Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert f. longifolia Gilbert, 1942:16, figs. 4, 5 [type locality: Siasi I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Gilbert, 1961:441.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert f. occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada and Tanaka Caulerpa freycinetii C. Agardh var. boryana f. occidentalis Weber-van Bosse, 1898:315, pi. XXV: fig. 11 [type locality: Guadeloupe].?Gilbert, 1942:15; 1961:440. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert f. occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada and Tanaka, 1938:62.?Gilbert, 1942:15; 1961:441.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:9, pi. 2:F. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. PALAWAN (Culion I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh f. lata (Weber-van Bosse) Tseng Caulerpa freycinetii C. Agardh var. typica f. lata Weber-van Bosse, 1898:313, pi. XXV: fig. 5 [syntype localities: Red Sea; Mariana Is.; Tonga; Sumbawa 1., Indonesia; Guadeloupe].?Gilbert, 1942:15; 1961:440. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh f. lata (Weber-van Bosse) Tseng, 1936:178. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Batan? gas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Culion I.). Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. pectinata (Weber-van Bosse) W.R. Taylor Caulerpa freycinetii C. Agardh var. pectinata Weber-van Bosse, 1898:316 [type locality: Guadeloupe].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:102.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131 [without designation of variety]. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. pectinata (Weber-van Bosse) W.R. Taylor, 1960:146. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION,- Sulu (Siasi I.). -LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SULU: I.). Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh f. spiralis (Weber-van Bosse) Gilbert Caulerpa freycinetii C. Agardh var. typica f. spiralis Weber-van Bosse, 1898:314 [type locality: New Caledonia]. Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh f. spiralis (Weber-van Bosse) Gil? bert, 1942:15 [var. typica f. spiralis].?Trono, 1973c: l l , fig. 2.?Tay? lor, 1977a:l 1 [var. spiralis]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SULU: Sulu. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe Fucus sertularioides S.G. Gmelin, 1768:151, pi. XV: fig. 4 [type locality: "in coralliis americanis"]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe, 1905:576.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:100 [forma typica].?Collado, 1926:129.?G. Blanco, 110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1938:512.?Gilbert, 1946:78.?Zaneveld, 1950:111.?Quisumbing, 1951:1008.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:8 1959 :94 .?Gi lbe r t , 1 961 :441 . ? Mefiez, 1961 :52 .?Doman tay 1962:278.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:496.?Taylor, 1966b 351.?Aguilar-Santos and Doty, 1968:174.?Velasquez, 1968a 119, fig. 2.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:24, fig. 9 [figure cited but not published].?Velasquez, 1971:435, fig. 14.?Reyes, 1972 1 4 3 ? Trono, 1972a:96.?Bersamin et al., 1973:186.?Trono 1973b:219; 1973c: 12, fig. 4; 1973d:7, pi. 3: fig. 11.?Velasquez et al. 1973:14, pi. 4: fig. 19.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.?Ortega, Alcala and Reyes, 1974:187.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I) .?Trono 1975:34.?Velasquez, T r o n o , and Doty, 1975 :132 .?Taylor 1977a: 12.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:44, fig. 8.?Reyes, 1978:154 162, pi. 7: fig. 6.?Trono, 1978:5.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:5.? Cordero, 1979b:276, 280.?Fortes, 1979:112.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).?Puig and Cordero, 1979:24.?Cordero, 1980b:28.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:17.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Trono and Ganzon- Fortes, 1980:23, fig. [s.n].?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:77.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:5.?Calumpong, 1982:145.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1982:9, pi. 3:F.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:144.?Trono and Ang, 1982:5.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:116.? Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Marcos-Agngaray? ngay, 1983:85, fig. 19.?Cordero, 1984a:78; 1984b:59; 1984c:5L? Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1984b: 122.? Ang, 1985b:298. Fucus plumaris Forsskal, 1775:190 [type locality: Mokha, Yemen]. Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh, 1822a:436.?Montagne, 1844a:659.?Martens, 1868:62-63.?Dickie, 1876a:245.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Manila, Ba? tangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occi? dental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARIN? DUQUE. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SI? QUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Fucus sertularioides and F. plumaris was proposed by C. Agardh (1822a:436), who erroneously adopted the later of the two names. The situ? ation was corrected by Howe (1905:576). Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. brevipes (J. Agardh) Svedelius Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh var. brevipes ]. Agardh, 1873:15 [type locality: uncertain; see Note]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. brevipes (J. Agardh) Svede? lius, 1906:114.?Gilbert, 1942:13; 1961:441.?Taylor, 1966b:351 [var. sertularioides f. brevipes].?Cordero, 1976c:8 [var. brevipes]; 1977b:34. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Rizal, Ma? nila Bay. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PALAWAN (Cuyo L). SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Turtle Is.). N O T E . ? I n the protologue of C. plumaris var. brevipes, ]. Agardh cited as a synonym Fucus sertularioides S.G. Gmelin, a species with the West Indies as its type locality, but indicated the provenance of the variety as "in pacifico calidiore." An examination of pertinent specimens in the Agardh Herbarium (in LD) would probably resolve the conflict. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. farlowii (Weber-van Bosse) B^rgesen Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh f. farlowii Weber-van Bosse, 1898:295, pi. XXIV: figs. 5, 6 ["farlowi"] [syntype localities: Ilhas do Cabo Verde; Florida, USA; Flores, Indonesia]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. farlowii (Weber-van Bosse) Btf>rgesen, 1907:365.?Trono and Ang, 1982:6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. flagellata (Weber-van Bosse) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh f. flagellata Weber-van Bosse, 1898:295, pi. XXIV: fig. 10 [type locality: Tonga]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. flagellata (Weber-van Bosse) Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 101 [including Philippine record]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. longipes (J. Agardh) Collins Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh var. longipes ]. Agardh, 1873:15 [type locality: West Indies]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. longipes (J- Agardh) Collins, 1909:415.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 101. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. longiseta (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Svedelius Caulerpa plumaris (Forsskal) C. Agardh var. longiseta Bory de Saint- Vincent, 1828 [1826-1829]: 194, pi. 22: fig. 4 [type locality: not speci? fied]. Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) Howe f. longiseta (Bory de Saint- Vincent) Svedelius, 1906:114, fig. 10.?Gilbert, 1942:13; 1961:441.? Domantay, 1962:278.?Taylor, 1966b:351. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Bataan, Rizal, Manila Bay. MINDORO: Ori? ental Mindoro. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN. Caulerpa subserrata Okamura Caulerpa subserrata Okamura, 1897:3, pi. I: figs. 1,2 [type locality: Oga? sawara-gunto (Bonin Is.), Japan].?Cordero, 1980c:70, fig. 1.?Hur? tado-Ponce, 1983:117.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:86, fig. 20. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. NUMBER 27 111 Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh Fucus taxifolius Vahl, 1802:36 [type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Is.]. Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh, 1817:xxil.?Montagne, 1844a 659.?Martens, 1868:62-63.?Gilbert, 1942:12; 1946:78; 1961 441.?Mefiez, 1961:53.?de los Reyes, 1967:231.?Trono, 1975 34.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133.?Cordero, 1976c 10; 1977b:34.? Taylor, 1977a: 13.?Reyes, 1978:155, pi. 8: fig. 5 .? Liao and Sotto, 1980:96.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:16.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Cordero, 1984a:78; 1984b:59; 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Sorsogon. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.). CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne, 1845:21 [type locality: Toud I. (Warrior Islet), Torres Strait, Australia].?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Trono, 1972a:97; 1973b:219; 1973d:7, pi. 2: fig. 5; 1975:35.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133.?Taylor, 1977a:14 [var. urvilliana].? Reyes, 1978:154, pi. 7: fig. 5.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:10, pi. 3 :D,E .?Trono and Ang, 1982:6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (incl. Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Pearl Bank, Sibutu I.). Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne var. vitiensis Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne var. vitiensis Weber-van Bosse, 1898:319, pi. XXVI: fig. 12 [syntype localities: Fiji; New Hebrides].?Taylor, 1977a:14. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu. Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh, 1847:6 [type locality: not specified].? Gilbert, 1961:442.?Trono, 1973b:219; 1973d:8, pi. 3: fig. 10.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:133.?Taylor, 1977a: 14.?Reyes, 1978:154, pi. 8: fig. 3 [forma typica].?Saraya and Trono, 1980:18.? Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:10, pi. 3 : A - C . PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. NE? GROS: Negros Oriental (Apo I.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BASILAN. PALAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Caulerpa vesiculifera (Harvey) Harvey Caulerpa simpliciuscula (Turner) C. Agardh var. vesiculifera Harvey, 1859: pi. LXV: figs. 3, 4 [lectotype locality: Western Port, Victoria, Australia fide Womersley, 1984:272]. Caulerpa vesiculifera (Harvey) Harvey, 1863:lvi.?Taylor, 1966b:352.? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:133. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN. Caulerpa webbiana Montagne Caulerpa webbiana Montagne, 1837:354 [type locality: Arrecife, Isla Lan- zarote, Islas Canarias].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383; 1982:10, pi. 2:G-J.?Cordero, 1984a:78. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NE? GROS: Negros Oriental (Apo I.). Caulerpa webbiana Montagne var. pickeringii (Harvey and Bailey) Eubank Caulerpa pickeringii Harvey and Bailey, 1851:373 [type locality: Wilson's I. (Manihi I.), Tuamotu Archipelago].?Trono, 1973a:I28. Caulerpa webbiana Montagne var. pickeringii (Harvey and Bailey) Eubank, 1946:416. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. Family CODIACEAE Codium Stackhouse A preliminary study (unpublished) of Philippine Codium was made by P.C. Silva in 1950-1951 as part of a worldwide survey of the genus, but with special reference to Hawaii (Silva, 1952b). It was concluded that the representation in the Indonesian-Philippine region posed many problems that could not be solved until the genus as a whole was better understood. Subsequently, the Codium flora has been worked out for five temperate regions?southern Australia (Silva and Womersley, 1956), South Africa (Silva, 1959), New Zealand, Japan, and Pacific Mexico (the last three unpublished)?each showing a high degree of endemism. In addition, the Codium flora of the tropical Atlantic has been worked out (Silva, 1960), but Indonesian-Philippine collections that have become available since 1951 have been examined only superficially. At present, it is easier to say which species do not occur in the Philippines than it is to say which ones are there. Codium arabicum Kutzing Codium arabicum Kutzing, 1856:35, pi. 100: fig. II [type locality: Tor , Sinai Peninsula, Egypt].?Silva, 1952b:382, figs. 11-13 , pi. 346.? Mefiez, 1961:54, pi. 6: figs. 58, 59.?Reyes, 1972:143.?Trono 1973b:221; 1973c: 13, fig. 5.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185 186.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137.?Reyes, 1978:157, pi 9: fig. 8.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:20, pi IV: fig. 2.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara 1981:5, pi. Ill: fig. 2.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Me fiez, Phillips, and Calumpong, 1983:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong 1984:105.?Ang, 1985b:298. Codium coronatum Setchell, 1926:82, pi. 10: figs. 2 - 5 ; pi. 11: figs. 2, 3; pi 12: figs. 1, 5 [type locality: Arue Reef, Tahiti].?Gilbert, 1947:123 1961:442.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137. Codium adhaerens [misapplied name].?Dickie, I876a:243.?Gilbert 1946:78; 1947:123; 1961:442.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:25, fig 11.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:136.?Cordero, 1979b:276 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 281.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:26.?Cordero, 1984b:59; 1984c:52. Codium setchellii [misapplied name].?Cordero, 1973b:20.?Western? hagen, 1973a:64; 1974:112 (table I).?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:42,pl. VII: figs. 39-42; 1980b:30, fig. 3A. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Batangas, Quezon, MASBATE. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PA? LAWAN, SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Silva (1952b:382). Codium adhaerens C. Agardh (1822a:457) is restricted to the Atlantic coast of southern Europe and adjacent North Africa, while C. setchellii Gardner (1919:489, pi. 42: figs. 10, 11) is restricted to the cool- temperate portion of the Pacific coast of North America. *Codium bartlettii Tseng and Gilbert Codium bartlettii Tseng and Gilbert, 1942:291, figs. 1, 2a [type locality: Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Prov., Mindoro].?Gilbert, 1947:124; 1961:442.?Trono, 1973c: 13, fig. 8.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Calumpong, 1982: 145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Codium contractum Kjellman Codium contractum Kjellman, 1897b:35, pi. 2: fig. 12; pi. 7: figs. 1-3 [type locality: Amakusa Is., Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan],?Gilbert, 1947:124; 1961:442.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:137. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cavite. Codium cylindricum Holmes Codium cylindricum Holmes, 1896:250, pi. 7: figs. \a,b [type locality: Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan].?Cordero, 1980b:28; 1984a:79. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SA? MAR: Eastern Samar. Codium difforme auctorum Codium difforme [misapplied name].?Gepp and Gepp, 1911:134.?We? ber-van Bosse, 1913a: 118.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:443.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). NOTE.?Codium difforme Kutzing (1843b:309) is a tax? onomic synonym of C. effusum (Rafinesque) Delle Chiaje (1829:14, pi. 37), a name that applies to a species restricted to the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Atlantic Ocean shores. The Siboga record (Gepp and Gepp, 1911:134) probably is referable to C. spongiosum Harvey (1855:565), a widespread Indo-Pacific species. The specimen, which would permit confirmation, is not among other Siboga collections at Leiden (L). Codium edule P.C. Silva Codium edule P.C. Silva, 1952b:392, fig. 18, pi. Sbb [type locality: Waikiki, Oahu, Hawaiian Is.].?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983: 119.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983: 149.?Marcos-Agn? garayngay, 1983:94, fig. 27.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1984:179.? Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1984b: 122. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Codium elongatum auctorum Codium elongatum [misapplied name].?Gepp and Gepp, 1911:136.? Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 120.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:443.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank). NOTE.?Codium elongatum (Turner) C. Agardh (1822a:454) is a nomenclatural synonym of C. decorticatum (Woodward) Howe (1911:494), a name that applies to a species restricted to warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean (cf. Silva, 1960:516-521). The Siboga record (Gepp and Gepp, 1911:136) may be referable to C. papillatum, but the voucher specimen is not among other Siboga collections at Leiden (L). Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot Acanthocodium fragile Suringar, 1867:258 [type locality: Japan]. Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, 1889:32.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.? Cordero, 1980b:29, pi. 17.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. Codium geppii O.C. Schmidt Codium divaricatum A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:136, 145, pi. 22: figs. 195-199 [syntype localities: Great Kai I., Moluccas and Kwandang Bay, Celebes, Indonesia] [replaced name]. Codium geppii O.C. Schmidt, 1923:50, fig. 33.?Gilbert, 1947:123.? Quisumbing, 1951:1009.?Gilbert, 1961:443.?Domantay, 1962: 280.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:137.?Mefiez and Calum? pong, 1981:383.?Calumpong, 1982:145. Codium repens [misapplied name].?Cordero, 1977b:42, pi. VII: figs. 4 3 - 45; 1979b:276; 1980b:30, fig. 3B , pi. 18.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:97, fig. 28; 1984b: 122.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Albay. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. NOTE.?Codium repens P. Crouan and H. Crouan (in NUMBER 27 113 Vickers, 1905:56) in the Atlantic is the ecological and taxonomic counterpart of C. geppii in the Indo-Pacific. Each species encompasses a wide range of morphological varia? tion. Codium geppii is a substitute name for C. divaricatum A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, a later homonym of C. divaricatum (C. Agardh) Biasoletto (1841:237). Codium platyclados Jones and Kraft Codium platyclados Jones and Kraft, 1984:266, figs. 8-13 [including Phil? ippine record, page 273, figs. 10B, 12c] [type locality: Lord Howe I.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon (San Ber? nardino I.). Codium intricatum Okamura Codium intricatum Okamura, 1913:74, pi. CXX: figs. 9 -13 [syntype local? ities: various, all in Japan].?Gilbert, 1947:123; 1961:443.?Mefiez, 1961:54, pi. 6: figs. 63 , 64.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:499, pi. 2: fig. 5; pi. 7: fig. 25.?Velasquez, 1968a: 120, fig. 4; 1971:437, fig. 18; 1972:63.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:137.?Reyes, 1978:157, 162, pi. 9: figs. 9, 10.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:26.?Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Cordero, 1980b:29, pi. 16.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:20.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Trono, Velasquez, and Guevarra, 1980:77.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Guz? man, 1981:43.?Cordero, 1982a:60.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.? Cordero, 1984a:79.?Tungpalan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Quezon, LEYTE (Biliran I.), CEBU (Mactan I.), SI? QUIJOR. BASILAN. Codium muelleri auctorum Codium muelleri [misapplied name].?Zaneveld, 1950:112; 1956:9; 1959:95.?Bersamin e ta l . , 1973:186. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos, La Union, Pangasinan. LEYTE. CEBU. BOHOL. NOTE.?Codium muelleri Kutzing (1856:34, pi. 95: fig. II) is a distinctive species apparently restricted to south? western and southern Australia. It seems likely that these records of C. muelleri and most (if not all) Philippine records of C. tenue apply to the same undescribed species. Codium ovale Zanardini Codium ovale Zanardini, 1878:37 [type locality: Sorong, Irian Barat, In? donesia].?Gepp and Gepp, 1911:134.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 118.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:443.?Trono, 1973b:22L?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Sangasiapu I.). *Codium papillatum Tseng and Gilbert Codium papillatum Tseng and Gilbert, 1942:293, figs. 2b-d, 3 [type locality: Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Prov.].?Gilbert, 1947:124; 1961:443.?Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:497, pi. 2: fig. 4; pi. 6: figs. 23a,6.?Velasquez, 1972:63.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975: 137._Velasquez, 1979b:230.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Ganzon- Fortes, 1981:21.?Cordero, 1982a:60, fig. 4 .?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ba? taan, Cavite. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Codium pugniforme Okamura Codium pugniforme Okamura, 1915:147, pi. CXXXV: figs. 6 -9 ["pugnifor- mis"] [syntype localities: various, all in Japan].?Cordero, 1973b:20 [C. pugniforme prox.].?Puig and Cordero, 1979:26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Biliran I.). Codium tenue auctorum Codium tenue [misapplied name].?Gepp and Gepp, 1911:136.?Seale, 1911:309.?Wester, 1916:158.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 120.?Wes? ter, 1921:224; 1924:21.?G. Blanco, 1938:512.?Gilbert, 1946:78.? Zaneveld, 1950:112.?Quisumbing, 1951:1009.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166, fig. 5: 5.?Zaneveld, 1956:10; 1959:96.?Gilbert, 1961: 443.?Domantay, 1962:279.?Cordero, 1973b:20.?Velasquez et al., 1973:17, pi. 6: fig. 28.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975: 137.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:27.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.? Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Guzman, 1981:43.?Cordero, 1982a:60, fig. 3.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1984a:79.? Tung? palan, 1984:139. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Ba? buyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan. LEYTE (Biliran I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). NOTE.?Codium tenue (Kutzing) Kutzing (1856:33, pi. 95: fig. I) appears to be restricted to estuaries of South Africa (cf. Silva, 1959:140-143). Placement of Philippine records awaits completion of a monographic study. Codium tomentosum auctorum Codium tomentosum [misapplied name].?Montagne, 1844a:659.?Mar? tens, 1868:47, 64-65.?Dickie, 1876a:243.?Piccone, 1886:29, 89 .? Schmidt, 1923:39.?Zaneveld, 1950:112; 1956:10; 1959:96.?Mefiez, 1961:54, pi. 6: figs. 60-62.?Reyes, 1972:143.?Cordero, 1973b:20.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137.?Reyes, 1978:157, 162, pi. 9: figs. 11, 12.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64. Codium dichotomum [misapplied name].?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:442.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:137. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MAS? BATE (Ticao I.), LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Codium dichotomum S.F. Gray (1821:293) is a nomenclatural synonym of Codium tomentosum Stackhouse (1797 [ 1795-180 l]:xxiv), a name that applies to a species restricted to the eastern North Atlantic (cf. Silva, 1955:569-571). Placement of the Philippine records awaits completion of a monographic study. 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Family HALIMEDACEAE Halimeda Lamouroux Halimeda bikinensis W.R. Taylor Halimeda bikinensis W.R. Taylor, 1950:87, 207, pi. 48: fig. 1 [type locality: Bikini Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Cordero and Tanaka, 1972:83, figs. 1A, 2E,F.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:22, pi. V: fig. 2.?Marcos-Agngarayn? gay, 1983:89, fig. 22.?Cordero, 1984a:80. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. Halimeda copiosa Goreau and Graham Halimeda copiosa Goreau and Graham, 1967:433, figs. 1-10 [type locality: Jamaica]. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. hederacea Barton, 1901:21, pi. I l l : fig. 23 [lectotype locality: Tanah-Djampeah, Flores Sea, Indonesia fide Colinvaux, 1968:32].?Gilbert, 1947:130; 1961:444. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. hederacea (Barton) Hillis, 1959:360, pi. 5: fig. 4 [including Philippine records].?Cordero, 1977b:40. Halimeda hederacea (Barton) Colinvaux, 1968:30, figs. 1, 2(1,4,5,6,8) [including Philippine record]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Quezon. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. SULU: Sulu (near Lapac I.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Hillis-Colinvaux (1980:118). Halimeda cuneata Hering Halimeda cuneata Hering in Krauss, 1846:214 [type locality: "Natalbai" (Durban), South Africa].?Martens, 1868:25, 66-67.?Mefiez, 1961:58, pi. 4: figs. 43-46; pi. 5: figs. 54, 55.?Cordero, 1973b:2L? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147.?Cordero, 1977b:39, pi. VI: fig. 30; 1979b:281.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:27.?Cordero, 1980b:31, fig. 1B, pi. 19.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:90, fig. 2 3 . ? Cordero, 1984a:80 [with query].?Tungpalan, 1984:138. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga, Surigao del Sur. Halimeda cylindracea Decaisne Halimeda cylindracea Decaisne, 1842b: 103 [type locality: Nosy-be, Mala? gasy Republic].?Hillis, 1959:373, pi. 4: fig. 3; pi. 5: figs. 22, 23; pi. 6: fig. 19; pi. 7: fig. 13.?Taylor, 1966b:353 ["cylindrica"].? Trono, 1972a:97.?Cordero, 1973a: 167, figs. 1-4.?Trono, 1973b:225; 1975:36.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:147 ["cylindracea" and "cylindrica"].?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:25, fig. [s.n].?Trono and Ang, 1982:11. Halimeda monile [misapplied name fide Hillis, 1959:374].?Gilbert, 1947:130; 1 9 6 1 : 4 4 3 ? Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I., Culion I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Halimeda discoidea Decaisne Halimeda discoidea Decaisne, 1842b: 102 [type locality: said to be "Kam- tschatka" but true provenance unknown].?Martens, 1868:25, 66- 67?Gilbert , 1946:78; 1947:125 [f. typica].?Hillis, 1959:352, pi. 2: fig. 5; pi. 5: fig. 11; pi. 6: fig. 11; pi. 7: figs. 9, 10; pi. 8: figs. 5-8.? Gilbert, 1961:443 [incl. f. discoidea].?Mefiez, 1961:57, pi. 4: figs. 47- 50.?Taylor, 1966b:353 [var. discoidea].?Reyes, 1972:143.?Trono, 1972a:97.?Cordero, 1973b:21.?Trono, 1973b:225; 1973c: 15, figs. 7, 11; 1973d:8, pi. 6: figs. 23, 24.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187, 188.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147.?Trono and Young, 1977:55.?Reyes, 1978:159, pi. 11: figs. 5, 6.?Trono, 1978:6.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:4.?Garcia, 1979:44 (table 1).? Puig and Cordero, 1979:27.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:22, pi. IV: figs. 3, 4.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:117.?Hur? tado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Cordero, 1984c:52.?Tungpalan, 1984:138. *Halimeda discoidea Decaisne f. intermedia Gilbert, 1947: 126 [type locality: Dalupiri I., Babuyan Is., Cagayan Prov., Luzon].?Gilbert, 1961:443. *Halimeda discoidea Decaisne f. subdigitata Gilbert, 1947:125 [type locality: Siasi Island, Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Gilbert, 1961:443.?Tay? lor, 1966b:353 [var. discoidea f. subdigitata]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.). NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PA? LAWAN (incl. Balabac I.), SULU: Sulu (incl. Cagayan Sulu I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Pearl Bank, Sibutu I.). NOTE.?Hillis (1959:354) does not give taxonomic rec? ognition to the formae of this species. Halimeda fragilis W.R. Taylor Halimeda fragilis W.R. Taylor, 1950:88, 207, pi. 48: fig. 2 [type locality: Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Cordero, 1976c:6; 1977b:39, pi. VI: fig. 34.?Trono and Young, 1977:56.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:5.? Saraya and Trono, 1980:23.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. CATANDUANES. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Halimeda gigas W.R. Taylor Halimeda gigas W.R. Taylor, 1950:84, 206, pi. 44: fig. 2 [type locality: Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Domantay, 1962:280.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J. Agardh Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887:82 [type locality: Sri Lanka].?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:443.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:117.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Cordero, 1984a:80; 1984b:60. NUMBER 27 115 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte. PALA? WAN. Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux Corallina incrassata Ellis, 1768:408, pi. XVII: figs. 20-27 [type locality: West Indies]. Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux, 1816:307.?Hillis, 1959:365, pi. 4: figs. 1, 2; pi. 5: fig. 21; pi. 6: figs. 21-24.?Gilbert , 1961:444.? Velasquez, 1971:437, fig. 17.?Trono, 1972a:98.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:148.?Saraya and Trono , 1980:23, pi. V: fig. 3. Corallina tridens Ellis and Solander, 1786:109, pi. 20: fig. a [type locality: "coast of the new ceded Islands" (probably Dominica)]. Halimeda tridens (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:308.?Gilbert, 1947:130 [forma typica].?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:148. Halimeda incrassata (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux f. lamourouxii J. Agardh, 1887:86 [syntype localities: West Indies; Australia].?Gilbert, 1961:444. Halimeda tridens (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux f. lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Gilbert, 1947:131. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Que? zon. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Cu? lion I., Cuyo 1.). SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?The synonymy was proposed by Hillis (1959:365). Halimeda lacunalis W.R. Taylor Halimeda lacunalis W.R. Taylor, 1950:91, 208, pi. 51 [type locality: Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:382. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CENTRAL VISAYAS. Halimeda macroloba Decaisne Halimeda macroloba Decaisne, 1841:118 [type locality: Red Sea].?Mon? tagne, 1844a:659.?Dickie, 1876a:243.?Barton, 1901:24, pi. I l l : figs. 33-38.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 122.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1947:126.?Hillis, 1959:375, pi. 3: fig. 3; pi. 5: figs. 19, 20; pi. 6: fig. 17.?Gilbert, 1961:443.?Domantay, 1962:280.?Moul, 1964:6.? Taylor, 1966b :353? Cordero and Tanaka, 1972:85, figs. 1B, 2C,D. ? Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172, 179, 183.?Reyes, 1972:144.? Trono, 1972a:98; 1973b:226; 1973c: 15, figs. 10, 12; 1973d:9.?Velas? quez et al., 1973:17, pi. 6: fig. 27.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186.?Trono, 1975:37.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty. 1975:148.?Trono and Young, 1977:56?Reyes, 1978:159, pi. 11: figs. 1, 2 .?Trono, 1978:7.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:5.?Cordero, 1979b:28L?Puig and Cordero, 1979:28.?Cordero, 1980b:32, fig. 2B, pi. 20.?Fortes and Trono , 1980:68.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:20, pi. V: fig. 1.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:27, fig. [s.n].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:6, pi. IV: fig. 1.?Trono and Ang, 1982:11.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:118.?Hurtado- Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:90, fig. 24.?Cordero, 1984a:81.?Cordero, 1984b:60.?Cordero, 1984c: 52.?Tungpalan, 1984:138. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines Norte, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. MASBATE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Surigao del Sur. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Bal? abac I., Bugsuk I., Culion I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi (incl. Pearl Bank, Sibutu 1., Turtle Is.). Halimeda macrophysa Askenasy Halimeda macrophysa Askenasy, 1888:14, pi. IV: figs. 1-4 [type locality: Makutu I., Fiji].?Taylor, 1966b:353.?Trono, 1975:37.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:148.?Trono and Young, 1977:56.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:6. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. CATAN? DUANES. SULU: Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). Halimeda micronesica Yamada Halimeda micronesica Yamada, 194lb: 121, fig. 15 [type locality: Ant Atoll, near Ponape, Caroline Is.].?Hillis, 1959:364, pi. 3: fig. 1; pi. 5: fig. 13, 14; pi. 6: fig. 2.?Gilbert, 1961:444.?Taylor, 1966b:353.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:148. * Halimeda orientalis Gilbert, 1947:126, fig. 1 [type locality: Tumakid, Basilan I.]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BASILAN. SULU: Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Hillis (1959: 364). Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Corallina opuntia Linnaeus, 1758:805 [lectotype locality: Jamaica fide Hillis, 1959:361]. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:308.?Martens, 1868:25, 64-65.?Dickie, 1876a:243, 245 [f. typica].?Barton, 1901:18, pi. II: figs. 19-21.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 121 [f. typica].?Merrill, 1918:39.?Gilbert, 1946:78.?Gilbert, 1947:129 [f. typica].?Hillis, 1959:359, pi. 2: figs. 7, 8; pi. 5: fig. 3; pi. 6: fig. 6; pi. 7: fig. 3 [var. opuntia].?Gilbert, 1961:443 [incl. f. opuntia].?Menez, 1961:59, pi. 5: figs. 51 -53 , 56, 57.?Domantay, 1962:280.?Moul, 1964:6 [var. opun? tia].?Taylor, I 9 6 6 b : 3 5 3 ? Villones and Magdamo, 1968:25, fig. 13 .? Velasquez, 1971:437, fig. 16.?Reyes, 1972:144.?Trono, 1972a:98.?Cordero, 1973b:21.?Trono, 1973b:226; 1973c: 16, fig. 9; 1973d:9.?Velasquez et al., 1973:16, pi. 5: fig. 24.?Westernhagen, 1973a:65.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:185, 186, 187.?Trono, 1975:37.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:148.?Cordero, 1976c:8, 9, 10; 1977b:40, pi. VI: figs. 31-33 [var. opuntia].?Taylor] 1977b: 10.?Trono and Young, 1977:55.?Reyes, 1978:158, pi. 10: figs. 5, 6 .?Trono, 1978:7.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:6.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:28.?Calumpong, 1980:143 (table 3).?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:21, pi. VI: fig. 1.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:29, fig. [s.n].?Chan, 1981:387.?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:6, pi. I l l : fig. 3. Trono and Ang, 1982:10.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:118.?Hurtado- Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.?Cordero, I984a:81; 1984b:60. *Fucus prolifer M. Blanco, 1837:838 [type locality: "Punta Santiago" (Ba? tangas Prov. ?)].?M. Blanco, 1845:579; 1879:259.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:144. Halimeda triloba Decaisne, 1842:102 [lectotype locality: China Sea fide 116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Barton, 1901 explanation of pi. II: fig. 20].?Bailey and Harvey, 1862:173.?Martens, 1868:64-65.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. triloba (Decaisne) J. Agardh, 1887:84.?Gilbert, 1947:129. Halimeda cordata]. Agardh, 1887:83 [type locality: Red Sea]. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. cordata (J. Agardh) Barton, 1901:20, pi. II: fig. 21.?Gilbert, 1947:129; 1961:444. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Batan? gas, Quezon, Camarines Norte, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), GUIMARAS. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.), Misamis Occidental, Davao. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I. Culion I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I., Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Hillis-Colinvaux (1980:110) does not give tax? onomic recognition to formae cordata and triloba. Accord? ing to Merrill (1918:39), Blanco's description of Fucus pro? lifer is referable to Halimeda opuntia, but Martens (1868:45) thought that Blanco could have had other species in hand. In the absence of authentic specimens, a definitive place? ment is impossible. In any event, Fucus prolifer M. Blanco is a later homonym of F. prolifer Forsskal (1775:193) and F. prolifer Lightfoot (1777:949, pi. XXX). Halimeda renschii Hauck Halimeda renschii Hauck, 1886 [1886-1887]: 167 [type locality: Johanna (Anjouan) I., Comoro Is.].?Hillis-Colinvaux, 1975:93. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. renschii (Hauck) Barton, 1901:21, pi. II: figs. 22, 22a.?Gilbert, 1947:130; 1961:444. *Halimeda batanensis W.R. Taylor, 1973:34, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Batan I., Batanes Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Hillis-Colinvaux (1975:93). Halimeda simulans Howe Halimeda simulans Howe, 1907:503, pi. 29 [type locality: Culebra I., Puerto Rico].?Trono, 1972a:94; 1975:38.?Trono and Ganzon- Fortes, 1980:31, fig. [s.n].?Trono and Ang, 1982:10. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas, Sorsogon. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). SULU: Tawitawi. Halimeda taenicola W.R. Taylor Halimeda taenicola W.R. Taylor, 1950:86, 207, pi. 46: fig. 1 [type locality: Rongerik Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Trono and Young, 1977:56.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:7. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux Corallina tuna Ellis and Solander, 1786:111, pi. 20: fig. e [type locality Mediterranean Sea]. Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1816:309, pi. XI: fig 8.?Dickie, 1876a:244.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1947:124 [f. typica].?Hil lis, 1959:342, pi. 1: figs. 4, 5; pi. 5: fig. 9; pi. 6: fig. 7.?Gilbert 1961:444.?Mefiez, 1961:57.?Domantay, 1962:280 [f. typica].?Tay- lor, 1966b:354 [var. tuna].?Trono, 1972a:98; 1973b:226; 1973c:17 fig. 21.?Velasquez et al., 1973:16, pi. 6: fig. 26.?Westernhagen 1973a:65.?Hamoy and Garciano, 1975:71.?Trono, 1975:38.?Ve lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1976c:6; 1977b:41 pi. VI: fig. 37.?Trono and Young, 1977:55.?Reyes, 1978:160, pi 11: fig. 7.?Trono, 1978:7.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:7.?Cordero 1979b:276; 1980b:33, fig. 2B.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:21, pi. V: fig 4.?Trono and Fortes, 1980:64.?Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:33 fig. [s.n].?Chan, 1981:387.?Ganzon-Fortes, 1981:21.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and Fortes, 1982:145.?Cordero, 1984a:81.?Tungpalan, 1984:138. Halimeda platydisca Decaisne, 1842:102 [type locality: Islas Canarias]. Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux f. platydisca (Decaisne) Barton, 1901:14, pi. I: fig. 2.?Gilbert, 1947:124; 1961:444. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Sorsogon. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (incl. Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga, Surigao del Sur. BASILAN. PALAWAN (Culion I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Hillis-Colinvaux (1980:122) does not give tax? onomic recognition to f. platydisca. *Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor, 1962:177, figs. 8-14 [type locality: Santa Ana, Cagayan Prov., Luzon].?Taylor, 1966b:354.?Velasquez et al., 1973:16, pi. 5: fig. 25.?Trono, 1975:39.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:149.?Cordero, 1976c:6, 8; 1977b:41, pi. VI: figs. 35, 36; pi. VII: fig. 38.?Hillis-Colinvaux, 1980:117, fig. 32. Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux f. intermedia Yamada, 1934:81 [syntype localities: Naha and Itoman, Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Gilbert, 1947:130; 1961:444. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan, Bataan, Batangas, Sorsogon. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Hillis-Colinvaux (1980:117). Halimeda stuposa W.R. Taylor Halimeda stuposa W.R. Taylor, 1950:90, 207, pi. 43: fig. 1; pi. 49; pi. 50: fig. 2 [type locality: Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Is.].?Reyes, 1978:159, pi. 11: figs. 3, 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. *Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor var. robusta Cordero *Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor var. robusta Cordero, I974a:l 15, fig. 1 [type locality: Camiguin I., Babuyan Is., Cagayan Prov., Luzon].? Cordero and Tanaka, 1972:86, figs, l c , 2A,B [H. velasquezii]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. NUMBER 27 117 Family UDOTEACEAE Avrainvillea Decaisne *Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Dichonema erectum Berkeley, 1842:157, pi. VII: fig. 11 [type locality: "Philippine Islands"]. Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:29, pi. IX: figs. 84, 85; pi. X: figs. 86-89 [including Philippine records].?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1947:122; 1961:442.?Mefiez, 1961:56, pi. 3: figs. 26 -30 .? Domantay, 1962:276.?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:123, figs. 7, 8.?Reyes, 1972:143.?Trono, 1973b:220; 1973c:18.?Velasquez et al., 1973:15, pi. 5: fig. 22.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128.?Reyes, 1978:160, pi. 11: fig. 8.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:25.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:19, pi. Ill: fig. 3 . ? Menez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:94, fig. 26.?Olsen-Stojkovich, 1985a:22. *Udotea sordida Montagne, 1844a:659 [type locality: "Philippines"].?Kiitz? ing, 1849:503.?Montagne, 1856:451.?Martens, 1868:64-65.? Dickie, 1874a: 198.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Bataan. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. LEYTE (Biliran I.), NEGROS: Negros Oriental, SIQUIJOR. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Cuyo I.), SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). NOTE.?The synonymy was proposed by Gepp and Gepp (1911:29). Avrainvillea lacerata Harvey ex J. Agardh Avrainvillea lacerata Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887:54 [type locality: Ton? ga].?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Trono, 1972a:97; 1973b:220; 1973d:10, pi. 5: fig. 17.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Reyes, 1978:160, pi. 11: fig. 9 .?Trono, 1978:6.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:4.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:18, pi. Ill: fig. 2 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:9.?Olsen-Stojkovich, 1985a:33. Avrainvillea lacerata Harvey ex J. Agardh var. robustior A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:139, pi. XIII: figs. 108, 109 [type locality: Singapore].? Domantay, 1962:276 [f. robustior].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CATAN? DUANES. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.). PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. NOTE.?Olsen-Stojkovich (1985a) does not give taxon? omic recognition to var. robustior. Avrainvillea longicaulis (Kutzing) Murray and Boodle RhipUia longicaulis Kutzing, 1858:13, pi. 28: fig. II [type locality: An? tilles]. Avrainvillea longicaulis (Kutzing) Murray and Boodle, 1889:70.?Olsen- Stojkovich, 1985a:29. Avrainvillea levis Howe, 1905:565, pi. 23: fig. 1; pi. 26: figs. 8-10 [type locality: Cave Cays, Exuma Chain, Bahama Is.]. Avrainvillea sordida [misapplied name; see Note].?Mefiez, 1961:56, pi. 3: figs. 35-39.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:124, figs. 13, 14.?Trono, 1973b:221.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Cordero, 1976c:9; 1977b:36, pi. V: fig. 26. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan. CATANDUANES. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). N O T E . ? T h e taxonomic and nomenclatural complexities of this species are discussed by Olsen-Stojkovich (1985a:29). The conspecificity of RhipUia longicaulis and Avrainvillea levis was suspected by Gepp and Gepp (1911:40), who, however, were reluctant to use the binomial A. longicaulis because Murray and Boodle, when making the combination, misapplied it to representatives of A. nigricans. Retention of A. longicaulis is required by Article 55.2 of the ICBN. Avrainvillea nigricans Decaisne Avrainvillea nigricans Decaisne, 1842:108 [type locality: West Indies near Guadeloupe].?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Olsen-Stojkovich, 1985a:38. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CEBU (Mactan I.). Avrainvillea obscura (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Anadyomene ? obscura C. Agardh, 1822a:401 [type locality: Guam, Mariana Is.]. Avrainvillea obscura (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1887:53.?Mefiez, 1961:55, pi. 3: figs. 30-34.?Domantay, 1962:272, 273.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:124.?Trono, 1972a:97.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Cordero, 1977b:36, pi. IV: figs. 21 , 22.?Olsen-Stojko? vich, 1985a:19. * Avrainvillea capituliformis Tanaka, 1967:14, figs. 2, 3, pi. I:B [type locality: San Pio Quinto, Camiguin L, Babuyan Is., Cagayan Prov., Luzon].? Trono, 1973c: 18; 1975:35.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:128.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:25.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:19. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Pangasinan, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), SULU: Tawitawi. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Olsen-Stojko? vich (1985a). Boodleopsis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Boodleopsis pusilla (Collins) W.R. Taylor, Joly, and Bernatowicz Dichotomosiphon pusillus Collins, 1909:431 [type locality: West Indies]. Boodleopsis pusilla (Collins) W.R. Taylor, Joly, and Bernatowicz, 1953: 105.?Fortes and Trono, 1980:56, fig. 5.?Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. Boodleopsis verticillata Dawson Boodleopsis verticillata Dawson, 1960:32, figs. 1 A - D [type locality: Isla del Rey, Islas Perlas, Panama].?Fortes and Trono , 1980:58, fig. 6. Fortes, 1981b:396. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. 118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Chlorodesmis Harvey and Bailey Chlorodesmis caespitosa J. Agardh Chlorodesmis caespitosa ]. Agardh, 1887:49 [type locality: Sri Lanka].? Ducker, 1967:157, pis. 27, 36-38 ; pi. 43: fig. 2. Chlorodesmis formosana Yamada, 1925a:92, fig. V [syntype localities: var? ious, all in Taiwan].?Gilbert, 1947:122; 1961:422.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.). N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Ducker (1967:157). Chlorodesmis fastigiata (C. Agardh) Ducker Vaucheria fastigiata C. Agardh, 1824:176 [type locality: Mariana Is.]. Chlorodesmis fastigiata (C. Agardh) Ducker, 1969:17. Chlorodesmis comosa Harvey and Bailey, 1851:373 [type locality: Fiji].? Gilbert, 1947:122; 1961:442.?Mefiez, 1961:55, pi. 2: figs. 20, 2 1 . ? Domantay, 1962:279.?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Ducker, 1967:160, pi. 28, 29, 39.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:123.?Velasquez et al., 1973:13, pi. 3: fig. 14.?Trono, 1975:36.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:134.?Cordero, 1976c:6, 8; 1977b:35, pi. IV: figs. 18, 19.? Trono, 1978:6.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:4.?Cordero, 1979b: 276.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:25.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:19, pi. IV: fig. 1.?Chan, 1981:387.?Trono and Ang, 1982:9.?Hurtado- Ponce, 1983:107.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:146.?Marcos- Agngarayngay, 1983:86, fig. 21.?Cordero, 1984a:79; 1984b:59. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Quezon, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE (Biliran I.). PANAY: Aklan. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Bugsuk I., Cuyo I.). N O T E . ? T h e conspecificity of Vaucheria fastigiata and Chlorodesmis comosa was suggested by Gepp and Gepp (1911:15) and confirmed by Ducker (1969:17). Chlorodesmis hildebrandtii A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Chlorodesmis hildebrandtii A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:16, 137, pi. 8: figs. 74, 75 [lectotype locality: Johanna (Anjouan) I., Comoro Is. fide Ducker, 1967:165].?Gilbert, 1947:122; 1961:442.?Taylor, 1966b: 352.?Tanaka, 1967:16, fig. 4, pi. I1:C?Trono, 1973c: 18.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135.?Cordero, 1977b:35, pi. V: figs. 23-25.?Reyes, 1978:158, pi. 10: fig. 3.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981 :383?Trono and De Lara, 1981:5. pi. I l l : fig. 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. SIQUIJOR. SULU: Tawitawi (Sibutu I.). Chlorodesmis major Zanardini Chlorodesmis major Zanardini, 1874:504 [type locality: Lord Howe I.]. Chlorodesmis torresiensis W.R. Taylor, 1945:66 [type locality: Murray Is., Torres Strait, Australia].?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:135. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Ducker (1967: 167). Rhipiliopsis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp *Rhipiliopsis carolyniae Kraft Rhipiliopsis carolyniae Kraft, 1986:51, figs. 8-11 [type locality: Bulusan, Sorsogon Prov., Luzon]. Rhipiliopsis peltata [misapplied name.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:122, figs. 9-12.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:161. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. MIN? DANAO: Surigao. Tydemania Weber-van Bosse Tydemania expeditionis Weber-van Bosse Tydemania expeditionis Weber-van Bosse, 1901:139 [syntype localities: Macassar, Celebes and Sumbawa I., Indonesia].?Gilbert, 1947:122; 1961:444?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Velasquez, 1971:432, fig. 10.? Trono, 1973c: 17, fig. 15.?Trono, 1973d: 10, pi. 6: fig. 22; 1975:40.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166.?Trono and Young, 1977:55.?Reyes, 1978:158, pi. 10: fig. 4 .?Trono and Tuason, 1978:8.? Cordero, 1979c:53, 57, 6 1 , figs. 2, 3.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:24, pi. VI: fig. 4.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. PALAWAN (Balabac I.). SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.), Tawitawi. Udotea Lamouroux Farghaly (1980:245-262), in his treatment of Udotea, resurrected the genus Rhipidosiphon Montagne (1842a: 14) and recognized three new segregate genera: Decaisnella, Geppina, and Howella. The new generic names are invalid because they lack Latin diagnoses. The species of Udotea in this catalog are distributed by Farghaly as follows: Udotea (U. argentea, U. flabellum, U. occidentalis); Decaisnella (U. indica); and Rhipidosiphon (U. glaucescens, U. javensis, U. orientalis). The generic placement of U. geppii was not indicated. Udotea argentea Zanardini Udotea argentea Zanardini, 1858:290, pi. XII: fig. 1 [type locality: Suez, Egypt ]? Trono, 1972a:98.?Cordero, 1976c:8 [f. typica]; 1977b:37 [f. typica]; 1979b:278.?Trono and Ang, 1982:12. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. PANAY: Aklan. PA? LAWAN (Bugsuk I.), SULU: Tawitawi. NUMBER 27 119 *Udotea argentea Zanardini var. spumosa A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Udotea argentea Zanardini var. spumosa A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:126, 144 [syntype localities: Tanah Djampeah and Saleyer (Selajar) I., Indo? nesia; Pearl Bank, Tawitawi Prov., Sulu Archipelago].?Weber-van Bosse, 19l3a:l 17.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1947:123; 1961:444.?Taylor, 1966b:352.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:124, fig. 6.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166 [without designation of forma]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Culion I., Cuyo I.). SULU: Tawitawi (Pearl Bank, Turtle Is.). Udotea flabellum (Ellis and Solander) Howe Corallina flabellum Ellis and Solander, 1786:124, pi. 24 [type locality: West Indies]. Udotea flabellum (Ellis and Solander) Howe, 1904:94.?Gepp and Gepp, 1911:131, pi. I l l : figs. 26-28.?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 118.?Gil? bert, 1946:78; 1947:123; 1961:444.?Reyes, 1972:144.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?NEGROS: Negros Oriental. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.). Udotea geppii Yamada Udotea geppii Yamada, 1930a:141, figs. 1-3 [syntype localities: Palau (Belau), Caroline Is.; Tonga].?Reyes, 1978:161, pi. 11: fig. 10.? Fortes and Trono, 1980:66.?Trono and Ang, 1982:12. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SAMAR. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Udotea glaucescens Harvey ex J. Agardh Udotea glaucescens Harvey ex J. Agardh, 1887:70 [type locality: Ton? ga].?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:124.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. Udotea indica A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Udotea indica A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:121, pi. II: figs. 13, 14; pi. VI: figs. 52, 53 [type locality: Karachi, Pakistan].?Cordero, 1973b:22; 1976c:6, 11; I977b:37, pi. IV: figs. 16, 17.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:29.?Cordero, 1984a:82. Decaisnella indica (A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp) Farghaly, 1980:257 [including Philippine record]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, LEYTE (Biliran I.). N O T E . ? T h e generic name Decaisnella was not validly published so that the binomial D. indica is also invalid. Udotea javensis (Montagne) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Rhipidosiphon javensis Montagne, 1842a: 15 [type locality: Java, Indonesia]. Udotea javensis (Montagne) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1904:364.?Gilbert, 1947:122; 1961:445.?Villones and Magdamo, 1968:26, fig. 15 [figure cited but not published].?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:125.?Trono, 1973c: 19.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:166.?Cordero, 1979c:55, 56, 61 , fig. 1.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:23, pi. VI: fig. 3.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.? Cordero, 1984c:52. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.), BASILAN. PALAWAN (incl. Cuyo I.). Udotea occidentalis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Udotea occidentalis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:127, 144, pi. II: figs. 18, 22a,b; pi. VII: figs. 63 -65 [syntype localities: St. Thomas and St. Jan (St. John), Virgin Is.].?Trono, 1975:36. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Sorsogon. *Udotea orientalis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp Udotea orientalis A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp, 1911:119, 142, pi. I: figs. 1, 4; pi. VI: figs. 47, 48 [syntype localities: various in Indian and Pacific oceans and Indonesia; North Ubian I., Sulu Prov., Sulu Archipel? ago].?Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 117.?Gilbert, 1946:78; 1947:122; 1961:445.?Mefiez, 1961:56, pi. 2: figs. 22-25.?Taylor , 1966b:353.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:125, fig. 4.?Reyes, 1972:144.? Cordero, 1973b:22.?Trono, 1973c:19, fig. 24.?Velasquez et al., 1973:15, pi. 5: fig. 23.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:167.? Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:3?, pi. V: figs. 27 -29 .?Trono and Young, 1977:55.?Trono, 1978:8.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:8.?Cordero, 1979b:276?Puig and Cordero, 1979:29.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:24, pi. VI: fig. 2.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:6, pi. IV: fig. 4 .?Trono and Ang, 1982:12.? Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:119.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:149.? Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:93, fig. 25.?Cordero, I984a:82. Rhipidosiphon orientalis (A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp) Farghaly, 1980:254 [including Philippine record]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Quezon, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occi? dental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARIN? DUQUE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. MINDANAO: Surigao. PALAWAN (incl. Balabac I., Bugsuk I.), SULU: Sulu (North Ubian I.), Tawitawi (Turtle Is.). Order DASYCLADALES Family DASYCLADACEAE Bometella Munier-Chalmas Bometella nitida Munier-Chalmas ex Sonder Bometella nitida Munier-Chalmas ex Sonder, 1880:39 [type locality: Tonga].?Gilbert, 1943:25, fig. \ef; 1961:443.?Mefiez, 1961:50, pi. 1: figs. 6-9.?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Valet, 1969:588.?Reyes, 1972: 141.?Trono, 1972a:99.?Cordero, 1973b: 18.?Trono, 1973a: 128, fig. 2.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 188.?Trono, 120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1975:40.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:24, pi. II: figs. 7, 8.?Reyes, 1978:150, pi. 5: fig. 10.? Trono and Tuason, 1978:10.?Cordero, 1979b:276, 282.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:22.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:25.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:113.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:100, fig. 31.?Cordero, 1984b:58; 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. MASBATE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Ak? lan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. CEBU (Mactan I.). SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi. NOTE.?This species was distributed by Harvey in his Friendly Islands exsiccatae (1857) under the name Neomeris nitida, without a description. Munier-Chalmas (1877:816) established the genus Bometella on the basis of Neomeris nitida, but without publishing the binomial B. nitida. Sonder appears to be the first author to use that binomial, although he accredited it to Munier-Chalmas. Because Neomeris nitida remained a nomen nudum, Harvey's name does not appear in the authorship. Bometella oligospora Solms-Laubach Bometella oligospora Solms-Laubach, 1892:87, pi. IX: figs. 1-4, 6,7 [syn? type localities: Macassar, Celebes and Bari, Flores, Indonesia].?Weber- van Bosse, 1913a:89.?Gilbert, 1943:26, fig. Ig-i; 1946:78; 1961:433 ["sphaerica" in error].?Domantay, 1962:277.?Valet, 1969:589.? Trono, 1973c:2L?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Trono and Young, 1977:57.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:10.?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CATAN? DUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. CENTRAL VISAYAS. PALAWAN, SULU: Tawitawi (Sangasiapu I.). Bometella ovalis Yamada Bometella ovalis Yamada, 1933:277 [type locality: Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Domantay, 1962:277.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975: 129.?Cordero, 1984c:51. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. MASBATE. Bometella sphaerica (Zanardini) Solms-Laubach Neomeris ? sphaerica Zanardini, 1878:38 [type locality: Sorong, Irian Barat, Indonesia]. Bometella sphaerica (Zanardini) Solms-Laubach, 1892:80, pi. IX: fig. 8.? Weber-van Bosse, 1913a:90.?Gilbert, 1943:22, fig. \a,b; 1946:78; 1961:433.?Domantay, 1962:277.?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Reyes, 1972:141.?Trono, 1972a:99; 1973c:21; 1973d:10; 1975:41.?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:129.?Trono and Young, 1977:57.? Reyes, 1978:150, pi. 6: fig. 1.?Trono, 1978:8.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:10.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Trono and De Lara, 1981:7, pi. IV: fig. 2. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Sorso? gon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lu? bang Is.), Oriental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mac? tan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. BASILAN. SULU: Tawitawi (incl. Sangasiapu I.). Chlorocladus Sonder Chlorocladus australasicus Sonder Chlorocladus australasicus Sonder, 1871:67, pi. V: figs. 1-6 [type locality: Cape York, Queensland, Australia]. Dasycladus australasicus (Sonder) De Toni, 1889:411.?Taylor, 1966b: 345.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:140 ["australicus"]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. N O T E . ? A specimen in UC, collected in Aklan Province, Panay, and published as Dasycladus sp. by Cordero (1979b:282), was determined as Chlorocladus australasicus by I.R. Price, 27 January 1982. *Chlorocladus philippinensis Gilbert Chlorocladus philippinensis Gilbert, 1978:305, figs. 1-8 [type locality: Solong-on, Siquijor].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?CATANDUANES. SIQUIJOR. NOTE.?Gilbert was unable to confirm Taylor's record of Chlorocladus australasicus because he could not locate the cited specimen. Probably only one species of Chlorocladus is represented in the Philippines, but whether it is distinct from Sonder s species remains to be investigated (see Price, 1981:175). Cymopolia Lamouroux Cymopolia vanbosseae Solms-Laubach Cymopolia vanbosseae Solms-Laubach, 1892:78, pi. VIII: figs. 9, 10, 14- 16 ["van Bossei"] [type locality: Maumere, Flores, Indonesia].?Gilbert, 1943:20; 1961:433.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:125, fig. 16.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:140.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Mefiez and Cal? umpong, 1981:383.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:113.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:100, fig. 32. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Zam- bales. CATANDUANES. PANAY: Aklan. CEBU. MINDANAO: Su? rigao. Dasycladus C. Agardh Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser Spongia vermicularis Scopoli, 1771:412, pi. 64: no. 1454 [type locality: Adriatic Sea]. Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser in Beck and Zahlbruckner, 1898:459 ?Reyes, 1978:150, pi. 5: fig. 8. NUMBER 27 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?SIQUIJOR. 121 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. CEBU. Neomeris Lamouroux Neomeris annulata Dickie Neomeris annulata Dickie, 1874a: 198 [type locality: Mauritius].?Gilbert, 1943:19; 1961:434.?Mefiez, 1961:50, pi. 1: figs. 1-3.?Cordero, 1973b: 18.?Velasquez et al., 1973:10, pi. 2: fig. 6.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:156.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:24.?Vannajan and Trono, 1977:45, fig. 9.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:21.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:113 [with query].?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148 [with query].?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:98, fig. 30. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. CEBU (Mactan I.). Neomeris vanbosseae Howe Neomeris vanbosseae Howe, 1909:80, pi. 1: figs. 4, 7; pi. 5: figs. 17-19 ["van Bosseae"] [type locality: Sikka, Flores, Indonesia].?Gilbert, 1943:17; 1961:434.?Mefiez, 1961:50, pi. 1: figs. 4, 5.?Domantay, 1962:281.?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Valet, 1969:596.?Reyes, 1972: 141.?Trono, 1972a:99; 1973c:20, fig. 20.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:187, 188.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I).?Velas? quez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:156.?Cordero, 1976c:8; 1977b:24, pi. II: fig. 6.?Reyes, 1978:150, pi. 5: fig. 9 .?Trono and Tuason, 1978:11.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97?Saraya and Trono, 1980:25.? Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:35, fig. [s.n].?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?BATANES. LUZON: Pangasi? nan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN (Balabac I.), SULU: Tawitawi. F a m i l y POLYPHYSACEAE The families Dasycladaceae and Polyphysaceae were de? scribed simultaneously by Kutzing (1843). The latter, which included Polyphysa and Acetabularia, was merged into the former by subsequent workers, but was resurrected by Hauck (1884 [1883-1885]:421) under the name Acetabu- lariaceae. Acetabularia Lamouroux Acetabularia calyculus Lamouroux Acetabularia calyculus Lamouroux in Quoy and Gaimard, 1824:621, pi. 90: figs. 6, 7 ["caliculus"] [type locality: Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia].?Dickie, 1877:489.?Gilbert, 1943:33; 1946:78; 1961: 433._Vil lones and Magdamo, 1968:12, fig. 3.?Velasquez et al., 1973:11, pi. 2: fig. 8.?Velasquez, Trono , and Doty, 1975:125. Acetabularia clavata Yamada Acetabularia clavata Yamada, 1934:57, figs. 24, 25 [type locality: Tomari , Okinawa-gunto, Ryukyu-retto, Japan] .?Trono and Santiago, 1972: 43.?Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:87, fig. 5a". PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Batangas. CATAN? DUANES. NOTE.?Polyphysa Lamarck (1816:151), characterized by the lack of an inferior corona, is usually treated as a section of Acetabularia, following the monograph of Solms-Laubach (1895:21). Recently, however, it has been resurrected at the generic level (Bailey, Rezak, and Cox, 1976) and Ace? tabularia clavata transferred to it (Schnetter and Meyer, 1982:41). Acetabularia crenulata Lamouroux Acetabularia crenulata Lamouroux, 1816:249, pi. VIII: fig. 1 [type locality: Caribbean Sea].?Velasquez, 1971:432, fig. 8.?Vannajan and Trono , 1977:45, figs. 10, 11.?Reyes, 1978:151, pi. 6: figs. 3, 4. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Zambales, Cavite, Albay. PANAY: Iloilo. SIQUIJOR. PALAWAN. Acetabularia dentata Solms-Laubach Acetabularia dentata Solms-Laubach, 1895:23, pi. 1: fig. 11 [syntype local? ities: various, all in Indonesia].?Gilbert, 1943:30, fig. 2d-f; 1961:433.?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:126, figs. 18, 19.?Reyes, 1972:141.?Trono and Santiago, 1972:44.?Trono, 1973c:21.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125.?Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon- Fortes, 1978:84, fig. 3.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Fortes, 198lb:396.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:112.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Cagayan (Babuyan Is.), Ilocos Norte, Batangas. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Ori? ental Mindoro. NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.). MINDANAO: Surigao. Acetabularia exigua Solms-Laubach Acetabularia exigua Solms-Laubach, 1895:28, pi. 2: figs. 1, 4 [syntype localities: Macassar, Celebes and Sikka, Flores, Indonesia].?Trono and Santiago, 1972:42.?Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:84,87, fig. 4b-f.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:25.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Batan? gas. CENTRAL VISAYAS. Acetabularia major Martens Acetabularia major Martens, 1868:25, pi. IV: fig. 3 [type locality: "Sima- haradscha" (Ban Si Racha ?), Thailand].?Howe, 1932:169.?Gilbert, 122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 1943:29, fig. 2a-c; 1946:78.?Zaneveld, 1950:109.?Montilla and Blanco, 1953:166.?Zaneveld, 1956:5; 1959:92.?Gilbert, 1961: 433.?Mefiez, 1961:51, pi. l:figs. 10-12.?Domantay, 1962:276,277. ?Gilbert and Doty, 1969:126, fig. 17.?Trono and Santiago, 1972: 44 .?Trono, 1973c:2L?Velasquez et al., 1973:11, pi. 2: fig. 9.?Ve? lasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125.?Trono and Young, 1977: 57.?Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:79, fig. 1.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:9.?Cordero, 1979b:276.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:22.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan, Zam- bales, Batangas. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Oriental Min? doro. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY (incl. Aklan). Acetabularia minutissima Okamura Acetabularia minutissima Okamura, 1912 [1909-1912]: 184, pi. c: figs. 7 - 11 [syntype localities: Futae, Amakusa Is. and Hyuga Prov. (Miyazaki Prefecture), Japan].?Mefiez, 1961:51.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. Acetabularia parvula Solms-Laubach Acetabularia parvula Solms-Laubach, 1895:29, pi. 2: figs. 3, 5 [syntype localities: "Tropical India"; Macassar, Celebes, Indonesia]. Acetabularia moebii Solms-Laubach, 1895:30, pi. 4: fig. 1 [type locality: Mauritius].?Trono and Santiago, 1972:43.?Cordero, 1973b: 18.? Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:87, fig. 4a.?Puig and Cor? dero, 1979:22.?Saraya and Trono, 1980:24.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.?Hurtado-Ponce, 1983:112.?Hurtado-Ponce and Modelo, 1983:148.?Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983:98, fig. 29. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan. CATANDUANES. LEYTE (Biliran I.). CENTRAL VI? SAYAS. N O T E . ? T h e synonymy was proposed by Valet (1969:621). This species was transferred to Polyphysa by Schnetter and Meyer (1982:42). *Acetabularia roxasii Trono Acetabularia roxasii Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:80, fig. 2. [type locality: Calatagan, Batangas Prov., Luzon]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Acetabularia ryukyuensis Okamura and Yamada Acetabularia ryukyuensis Okamura and Yamada in Okamura, 1932a [ 1929- 1932]:71, pi. CCLXXXV: figs. 5-12 [type locality: Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Cordero, 1979b;282.?Puig and Cordero, 1979:22. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY: Aklan. * Acetabularia ryukyuensis Okamura and Yamada var. philippinensis (Gilbert) Valet Acetabularia philippinensis Gilbert, 1943:31, fig. 3 [type locality: Taytay, Palawan].?Gilbert, 1961:433.?Taylor, 1966b:347.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:125.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:9. Acetabularia ryukyuensis Okamura and Yamada var. philippinensis (Gilbert) Valet, 1969:613, pi. 154 (43): fig. 12. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Pangasinan. CATAN? DUANES. PALAWAN. *Acetabularia velasquezii Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon- Fortes Acetabularia velasquezii Trono, Santiago, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1978:87, fig. ba-c [type locality: Minabalay I., Barrio Danao, Baras, Catanduanes]. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?As above. Halicoryne Harvey Halicoryne wrightii Harvey Halicoryne wrightii Harvey, 1860a:333 [type locality: Ryukyu-retto, Japan].?Solms-Laubach, 1895:31.?Gilbert, 1943:27; 1946:78; 1961:433.?Mefiez, 1961:51.?Domantay, 1962:281.?Taylor, 1966b:346.?Valet, 1969:603.?Velasquez, 1971:432, fig. 9.?Reyes, 1972:141.?Cordero, 1973b: 19.?Velasquez et al., 1973:11, pi. 2: fig. 7.?Westernhagen, 1973a:64.?Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:188.?Westernhagen, 1974:112 (table I) .?Trono, 1975:40.? Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:147, 149 ["Halycoryne wrigtii"].? Trono and Young, 1977:57.?Reyes, 1978:150, pi. 6: fig. 2.?Trono, 1978:8.?Trono and Tuason, 1978:10.?Cordero, 1980a:29, 34, fig. 3.?Liao and Sotto, 1980:97.?Mefiez and Calumpong, 1981:383.? Trono and De Lara, 1981:7, pi. IV: fig. 3 ? Cordero, 1984a:76. Polyphysa spicata [misapplied name fide Solms-Laubach, 1895:31].? Dickie, 1876a:243.?Gilbert, 1961:434.?Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:160. PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.?LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pan? gasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Albay, Sorsogon. CATANDUANES. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.), Oriental Min? doro. MARINDUQUE. LEYTE (Biliran I.), PANAY. NEGROS: Ne? gros Oriental, CEBU (Mactan I.), SIQUIJOR. BOHOL. Records Determined Only To Genus (Genera marked with an asterisk (*) have not been otherwise reported from the Philippines, or (in the case of Cyanophyceae) at least not from marine habitats.) CYANOPHYCEAE Anabaina Reyes, 1972:136 ["Anabaena"]. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. *Aphanocapsa Agor, 1962:33. LUZON: Pangasinan. Calothrix Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:172, pi. 1: fig. 3. LUZON: Batangas. Vannajan and Trono, 1977:37-38. LUZON: Cavite. *Coccochloris Reyes, 1972:135. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Entophysalis Reyes, 1978:139, pi. 1: figs. 3, 4. SIQUIJOR. *Gloeotrichia Velasquez, 1980:127 (table 1) [no description or collecting data], MIN? DORO: Oriental Mindoro. Hormothamnium Villones and Magdamo, 1968:11. LUZON: Batangas. Reyes, 1972:136. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Lyngbya Vannajan and Trono, 1977:37. LUZON: Cavite. Oscillatoria Vannajan and Trono, 1977:36. LUZON: Cavite. Rivularia Domantay, 1962:276. LUZON: Pangasinan. Schizothrix Reyes, 1978:140, pi. 2: figs. 3, 4. SIQUIJOR. Symploca Domantay, 1962:276. LUZON: Pangasinan. RHODOPHYCEAE Acrochaetium Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:178, pi. 2: fig. 17. LUZON: Batangas. *Agardhiella Seale, 1911:309 [no description; see Gracilaria verrucosa in catalog]. Quisumbing, 1951:1007. LUZON: Manila Bay. Zaneveld, 1956:26. LUZON: Manila Bay. Zaneveld, 1959:107. LUZON: Manila Bay. Ahnfeltia Cordero, 1978a:42. BATANES. Amansia Mefiez, 1961:75, pi. 8: figs. 92 -94 . LUZON: Pangasinan. Amphiroa Villones and Magdamo, 1968:30, fig. 33. LUZON: Batangas. Reyes, 1972:153. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono and Bina, 1973:5. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Trono, 1974b:86. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Reyes, 1980:131, pi. 7: figs. 1, 2. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:95. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Antithamnion Vannajan and Trono, 1978:23, figs. 26, 27. LUZON: Cavite. Asterocytis Vannajan and Trono , 1978:14. LUZON: Cavite. *Calliarthron Cordero, 1979b:276. PANAY: Aklan. * Callithamnion Vannajan and Trono, 1978:23, fig. 28. LUZON: Cavite. Callophyllis Cordero, 1979b:290. PANAY: Aklan. Reyes, 1980:134, pi. 9: figs. 1, 2. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:97. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Carpopeltis Mefiez, 1961:73. LUZON: Pangasinan. Reyes, 1972:154. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Cordero, 1973b:31. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Trono and Bina, 1973:3. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Centroceras Domantay, 1962:288. LUZON: Pangasinan. Ceramium Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:183, pi. 3: fig. 26; pi. 5: fig. 39. LUZON: Batangas. Trono, 1972:106. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973d:20. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Reyes, 1980:138, pi. 12, figs. \a,b. SIQUIJOR. Trono and Ang, 1982:22. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Cordero, 1984a: 104. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Champia Mefiez, 1961:78. LUZON: Pangasinan. Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:179, pi. 4: fig. 35. LUZON: Batangas. Chondria Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:179-180, pi. 2: figs. 19, 20; pi. 3: fig. 21 . LUZON: Batangas. *Chondrus Cordero, 1984a: 103 [with query], LUZON: Ilocos Norte. * Chrysymenia Reyes, 1972:157. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1973a: 135, fig. 7. LUZON: Sorsogon. Corallina Reyes, 1972:153. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Reyes, 1980:131, pi. 7: fig. 3. SIQUIJOR. Cryptonemia Reyes, 1980:133, pi. 8: fig. 4. SIQUIJOR. Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983b:39, fig. 32. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. *Dicranema Trono, 1974b:93. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Eupogodon Reyes, 1972:158 [as Dasyopsis]. NEGROS: NegTos Oriental. Erythrotrichia Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:177, pi. 2: fig. 14; pi. 4: fig. 32. LUZON: Batangas. Vannajan and Trono, 1978:14, fig. 12. LUZON: Cavite. Eucheuma Cordero, 1973b:31. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Reyes, 1980:136, pi. 10: fig. 4. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:99. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Fauchea Reyes, 1972:158. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Galaxaura Trono and De Lara, 1981:13, pi. VIII: fig. 4. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). Cordero, 1984a:91. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. 123 124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Gelidiella Trono and Bina, 1973:3. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Gelidiopsis Cordero, 1973b:30. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Reyes, 1980:129-130, pi. 6: figs. 3, 4. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a: 100. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Gelidium Cordero, 1973b:30. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Cordero, 1978a:23. BATANES. Gracilaria Collado, 1926:129. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos. Reyes, 1972:155-156. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Cordero, 1973b:33. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Trono, 1973d: 18, pi. 9: fig. 4. LUZON: Pangasinan. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Vannajan and Trono , 1978:22, fig. 25. LUZON: Rizal. Saraya and Trono, 1982:41. LUZON: Pangasinan. Trono and Ang, 1982:20. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Trono, Azanza-Corrales, and Manuel, 1983:34-41, figs. 8, 9a, 10, lib. LUZON: Rizal, Cavite. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Cordero, 1984a: 103. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Grateloupia Trono, 1973d: 16. LUZON: Pangasinan. Reyes, 1980:133, pi. 8: fig. 3. SIQUIJOR. Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983c: 126. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984a:97. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Griffithsia Reyes, 1972:158. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Reyes, 1980:138, pi. 11: figs. 6a,b. SIQUIJOR. Gymnogongrus Reyes, 1980:137, pi. 11: fig. 1. SIQUIJOR. Halymenia Vannajan and Trono, 1978:18. LUZON: Cavite. Cordero, 1980:49, fig. 11B, pi. 31 . SAMAR: West Samar. Hurtado-Ponce, 1983a: 138. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Herposiphonia Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:181, pi. 3: figs. 23, 23a. LUZON: Batangas. Trono, 1973d:21, pi. 10: fig. 8. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Trono and De Lara, 1981:20. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). *Heteroderma Saraya and Trono, 1982:35. LUZON: Pangasinan. Hypnea Collado, 1926:129. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos. G. Blanco, 1938:513. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.). Reyes, 1972:156. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1972:105. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973d: 17. CEBU. MINDANAO: Zamboanga (incl. Sacol I.). Cordero, 1978a:41. BATANES. Jania Cordero, 1984a:95. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984c:54. MASBATE. Kallymenia Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983c: 126. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Laurencia Mefiez, 1961:77. LUZON: Pangasinan. Reyes, 1972:159. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1972:108. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973d:22. LUZON: Pangasinan, Quezon. MINDANAO: Zam? boanga. Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:105, fig. [s.n.]. LUZON: Batangas. Trono and Ang, 1982:26. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Cordero, 1984a: 108. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. * Leptofauchea Reyes, 1972:157. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Ortega, Alcala, and Reyes, 1974:186, 187, 188 [no description or collecting data], NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Liagora Domantay, 1962:292. LUZON: Pangasinan. Trono and De Lara, 1981:11-12, pi. VII: fig. 2. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). Cordero, 1984a:87. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Lithophyllum Howe, 1932:169. PANAY. Reyes, 1980:132, pi. 7: figs. 6, 7. SIQUIJOR. Lomentaria Vannajan and Trono , 1978:23, fig. 30. LUZON: Manila, Cavite. Lophosiphonia Reyes, 1980:141, pi. 13: figs. 4a-c. SIQUIJOR. Martensia Trono, 1974b:94. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). *Melobesia Reyes, 1972:153. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Microcladia Tahil, 1978:52 [no description or collecting data], CEBU (Mactan I.). Murrayella Trono, 1973a: 136. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Peyssonnelia Reyes, 1972:154. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Cordero, 1984a:93. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Polysiphonia Domantay, 1962:293. LUZON: Pangasinan. Reyes, 1972:158. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1972:107. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973d:21, pi. 10: fig. 7. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Reyes, 1980:141, pi. 13: figs. 3a,b. SIQUIJOR. Porphyra Bersamin et al., 1973:188. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos. Pterocladia Reyes, 1980:129, pi. 6: fig. 2. SIQUIJOR. Rhodopeltis Trono, 1973a: 133, fig. 4. LUZON: Sorsogon. Rhodymenia Trono, 1973a: 136, fig. 15. LUZON: Sorsogon. Trono and Bina, 1973:10. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Cordero, 1978a:43. BATANES. Cordero, 1980c:72, fig. 4. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Reyes, 1980:137, pi. 11: fig. 3. SIQUIJOR. Trono and De Lara, 1981:19, pi. XI: fig. 3. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983b:53, fig. 44. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984a: 103. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Sarcodia Trono, 1973d: 18 [with query], NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Cordero, 1978a:35. BATANES. Scinaia Trono, 1973a: 130, fig. 5. LUZON: Sorsogon. *Spermothamnion Westernhagen, 1973b: 368 [no description or collecting data], CEBU (Mactan I.). Titanophora Trono, 1973a: 134, fig. 13. LUZON: Sorsogon. Trono and Bina, 1973:7. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Trono, 1978:18. MARINDUQUE. Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:73, fig. [s.n.]. LUZON: Batangas. Saraya and Trono , 1982:37. LUZON: Pangasinan. Tolypiocladia Trono, 1972:107. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono and De Lara, 1981:20. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). NUMBER 27 125 Trichogloea Cordero, 1978a: 13. BATANES. PHAEOPHYCEAE Colpomenia Cordero, 1984a:85. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cutleria Cordero, 1979b:284. PANAY: Aklan. Cystoseira Reyes, 1980:123, pi. 4: fig. 3. SIQUIJOR. Dictyopteris Mefiez, 1961:64. LUZON: Pangasinan. Dictyota Mefiez, 1961:63, pi. 11: fig. 121; pi. 12: fig. 132. LUZON: Pangasinan. Villones and Magdamo, 1968:26, fig. 17. LUZON: Batangas. Trono, 1974a: 144. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Cordero, 1984a:83. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984b:61. MASBATE. * Ectocarpus Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:176, pi. 2: figs. 12, 13. LUZON: Batangas. Feldmannia Cordero, 1979b:284. PANAY: Aklan. Hydroclathrus Villones and Magdamo, 1968:26, fig. 19. LUZON: Batangas. Hormophysa Reyes, 1972:147. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Padina Mefiez, 1961:62. LUZON: Pangasinan. Villones and Magdamo, 1968:27, fig. 20. LUZON: Batangas. Reyes, 1972:146. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Reyes, 1980:120, pi. 2: fig. 2. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:84. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. *Punctaria Cordero, 1984a:84. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Sargassum Mefiez, 1961:64-67, pi. 9: figs 96-102 . LUZON: Pangasinan. de los Reyes, 1967:231, 233, fig. 6. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Villones and Magdamo, 1968:27, fig. 21 . LUZON: Batangas. Reyes, 1972:146-147. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Cordero, 1973b:26. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Trono, 1973d: 13, pi. 8: fig. 31 , 32. Velasquez et al., 1973:22. LUZON: Bataan. Trono, 1974a:148. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono and Young, 1977:58. CATANDUANES. Trono, 1978:12-14. MARINDUQUE. Trono and Tuason, 1978:12. CATANDUANES. Vannajan and Trono , 1978:13, fig. 9. LUZON: Cavite. Cordero, 1980b:36, fig. 3c, pis. 23, 24, [51]. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, SAMAR: Western Samar, Eastern Samar. PANAY: Aklan. SIQUI? JOR. MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur. Reyes, 1980:123, pi. 4: fig. 4. SIQUIJOR. Trono and Ganzon-Fortes, 1980:51-53, [2] figs. LUZON: Batangas. Guzman, 1981:43, 52. Trono and De Lara, 1981:10, pi. VII: fig. 1. MINDORO: Occidental Mindoro (Lubang Is.). Trono and Ang, 1982:15-16. PALAWAN (Bugsuk I.). Hurtado-Ponce, 1983a: 125-126. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Marcos-Agngarayngay, 1983b: 14, fig. 11. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984a:86. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Cordero, 1984b:63. PALAWAN. Cordero, 1984c:54. MASBATE. Spatoglossum Trono, 1974a: 145-146. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Reyes, 1980:121, pi. 2: fig. 4. SIQUIJOR. Sphacelaria Trono, 1973d: 11. LUZON: Pangasinan. Vannajan and Trono, 1978:8, fig. 2. LUZON: Cavite. Turbinaria Mefiez, 1961:68. LUZON: Pangasinan. Reyes, 1972:147. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1972:101. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973d: 12. SAMAR: Eastern Samar. CHLOROPHYCEAE Acetabularia Domantay, 1962:277. LUZON: Pangasinan. Anadyomene Cordero, 1984a:74. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Boergesenia Trono, 1973b:217. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Boodlea Villones and Magdamo, 1968:26, fig. 14. LUZON: Batangas. Trono, 1973c:6. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Trono, 1973d:4. SULU: Tawitawi. Bryopsis Reyes, 1972:142. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Caulerpa Trono, 1973a: 128. LUZON: Sorsogon. Trono, 1973b:220. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono, 1973d:8, pi..2: fig. 6. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1976a:86, fig. 2. CEBU (Mactan I.). Cordero, 1977b:26, 28, fig. 3 [Caulerpa brachypus? "false-type"], SIQUI? JOR. Cordero, 1984a:78. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Chaetomorpha G. Blanco, 1938:512. LUZON: Cagayan (incl. Babuyan Is.). Villones and Magdamo, 1968:24, fig. 10 [cited but not published]. LUZON: Batangas. Reyes, 1972:140. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Trono, 1973b:214. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Reyes, 1978:149. SIQUIJOR. *Cladocephalus Taylor, 1966b:352. PALAWAN (Balabac I.). Cladophora Cornejo and Velasquez, 1972:174, pi. 1: fig. 8. LUZON: Batangas. Trono, 1972:94. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973b:214. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono, 1973d:4. SIQUIJOR. Trono, 1975:29. LUZON: Sorsogon. Cordero, 1977b:22. BATANES. Vannajan and Trono, 1977:43, fig. 17. LUZON: Rizal, Manila. Reyes, 1978:147-148, pi. 4: figs. 3-7 . SIQUIJOR. Cladophoropsis Trono, 1973d:4, pi. 1: fig. 4. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Cordero, 1984a:73 [as Spongocladia]. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Codium Galutira and Velasquez, 1964:498, pi. 2: fig. 6; pi. 7: fig. 24. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, de los Reyes, 1967:231, 233, fig. 1. LEYTE (Biliran I.). Trono, 1973b:223-225. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono, 1973c: 14, fig. 6. Trono, 1973d:9. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Reyes, 1978:158, pi. 10: figs. 1, 2. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1979b:282. PANAY: Aklan. Cordero, 1984a:79. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. 126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Dasycladus Cordero, 1979b:282. PANAY: Aklan. [Specimen in UC determined as Chlorocladus australasicus by I.R. Price, 27.i. 1982.] Dictyosphaeria Reyes, 1978:152, pi. 6: figs. 11 ,12 . SIQUIJOR. Enteromorpha Trono, 1972:94. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973c:4. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Trono , 1975:25. LUZON: Sorsogon. Reyes, 1978:146. SIQUIJOR. Saraya and Trono, 1980:8. LUZON: Pangasinan. Guzman, 1981:42,47, 51. Cordero, 1984a:70. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Halimeda Trono, 1973b:227-228. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono, 1973d:9. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Trono, 1975:39-40. LUZON: Sorsogon. Trono and Young, 1977:57. CATANDUANES. Cordero, 1984a:81. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Microdictyon Trono, 1973b:215. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Cordero, 1984a:74. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Monostroma Reyes, 1972:138. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Reyes, 1978:146, pi. 3: fig. 6. SIQUIJOR. *Spongomorpha Liao and Sotto, 1980:96 [no description or collecting data], CEBU (Mactan I.). *Trichosolen Gilbert and Doty, 1969:122, fig. 5. LUZON: Rizal. CATANDUANES. CEBU. Ulva Trono, 1975:28. LUZON: Sorsogon. Reyes, 1978:147, pi. 3: fig. 10. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:71. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Nomenclatural Notes by Paul C. Silva Later Starting Points in CYANOPHYCEAE The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN; Voss et al., 1983) states that nomenclature for the Nostocales begins with the monographs of Bornet and Fla? hault (1886-1888) and Gomont (1892-1893). (The ICBN assigns an arbitrary date of 1886 and 1892, respectively, to these monographs.) An enormous body of taxonomic infor? mation about blue-green algae had been published before those distinguished French phycologists wrote their mono? graphs. According to the ICBN, pre-starting point taxon? omy may be retained, but pre-starting point nomenclature does not exist. This legalistic nonsense, rather than simplify the nomenclature of blue-green algae, has introduced hope? less confusion. Even those (like Drouet) who profess to follow the ICBN with regard to later starting points are inconsistent. Names treated as synonyms in the starting point monographs are invalid according to the ICBN, but Drouet (1968:14) pointed out that all such names presum? ably have been validated subsequently "by reference or by a new description." Lacking the time to "search through thousands of local floras, check-lists of species, and morpho? logical, ecological, and physiological papers", Drouet treated those older names "as having been validly and autonomously published, not as synonyms, but by reference to their original descriptions'' in the starting point mono? graph and subsequent publications. In view of the facts that Drouet has located the types of the majority of blue-green algal species and that blue-green algal taxonomy is in an extraordinary state of flux, it seems pointless to attempt to accommodate their nomenclature to later starting points. Oscillatoria submembranacea is an ex? ample of the needless complications caused by the use of later starting points. This species was first described by Ardissone and Strafforello (1877) as Oscillaria submembran? acea. In Gomont (1892), the starting point monograph for Oscillatoria, it was treated as Phormidium submembranaceum. In accordance with normal nomenclature, this name would be written Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont, but Article 13.1 of the ICBN renders pre-starting point nomenclature invalid, so that the name must be ascribed solely to Gomont and dated from 1892, not 1877. Drouet (1968:203) transferred the species to Oscillatoria, but incorrectly attributed it directly to Ardis? sone and Strafforello (considering Oscillaria and Oscillatoria as orthographic variants, an equivocal interpretation). In accordance with later starting points, it should be written Oscillatoria submembranacea (Gomont) Drouet! In the long course of compiling the Index Nominum Algarum (since 1948), I repeatedly struggled with the com? plications of later starting points and eventually concluded that it was impractical to continue to do so. The present catalog is my first opportunity to make the iconoclastic move of basing the nomenclature of blue-green algae uni? formly on the Linnaean starting date, 1753. The Taxonomy of Acrochaetioid Algae The confused taxonomy of acrochaetioid algae was thor? oughly reviewed by Woelkerling (1983a), who expressed personal preference for either of two classifications: a mono- generic scheme using the oldest available name, Audouinella Bory de Saint-Vincent (1823:340, "Auduinella"); or a poly- generic scheme based solely on the type of life history without regard for vegetative features. Woelkerling con? cluded: "In the short term, it seems to me that it is more important to accumulate detailed, trustworthy data on nu? merous species than to engage in endless manipulation of generic schemes. Use of either of the above two schemes would provide a workable taxonomic framework while new studies are being carried out." The decision as to which classification would best serve the purposes of this catalog was based on the following considerations. Papenfuss (1945), in trying to delineate the South African acrochaetioid algae, concluded that it was possible to distribute them among four genera on the basis of the number and form of the cloroplasts in each vegetative cell, as follows: Rhodochorton, few to many small, discoid chloroplasts; Acrochaetium, one parietal or laminate chloroplast; Audouinella, one or more spiral chloroplasts; and Chromastrum, one or more stellate chloroplasts. It soon became apparent that the distinction drawn by Papenfuss between Acrochaetium and Chromastrum was dif? ficult to maintain, partly because he (and many subsequent workers) confused form with position. A chloroplast with a stellate form may be axile or parietal in position. There are intermediate situations with regard to both form and posi? tion. Feldmann (1962) proposed that Acrochaetium include plants whose cells contain a single chloroplast of either form or position. Woelkerling (1971), believing that vegetative characters are of diagnostic value only at the species level, placed all acrochaetioid algae with sexual stages in one genus, Audouinella. He referred those without sexual stages to Colaconema Batters (1896:8), which he treated as a form 127 128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES genus. Chromastrum was re-established by Stegenga and Mulder (1979) to include species with one axile, stellate, pyrenoid-bearing chloroplast in each cell and a life history involving an alternation of heteromorphic phases?the ga? metophyte with a unicellular base and the tetrasporophyte with a multicellular base that develops from a septately germinating carpospore. Acrochaetium was circumscribed to include species with one to several parietal pyrenoid-bearing chloroplasts in each cell and a life history involving an alternation of isomorphic phases. Audouinella was retained for species with one to several parietal chloroplasts of spiral or irregular shape, without pyrenoids. The nomenclature of acrochaetioid algae was muddled long ago by the selection of Acrochaetium daviesii (Dillwyn) Nageli (1862:405, 412), based on Conferva daviesii Dillwyn (1809 [1802-1809]:73, pi. F), as the lectotype of its genus by Drew (1928:147), who erroneously believed (along with all other authors) that the genus was first described by Nageli in 1862. In fact, it was described in 1858, and A. daviesii was not among the original species. Accordingly, Woelkerling (1983a:65) set aside the lectotype that, al? though untenable, had been accepted for more than a half- century, replacing it with A. secundatum (Lyngbye) Nageli (1858:532, footnote), based on Callithamnion daviesii (Dill? wyn) Lyngbye var. secundatum Lyngbye (1819:129, pi. 4 1 B : figs. 4-6). Although in both species each cell contains a single chloroplast with a pyrenoid, in A. daviesii the chlo? roplast is laminate and parietal, while in A. secundatum it is stellate and axile. Those schemes that are based on vegeta? tive features, either wholly or partly, are thus severely affected. Chromastrum falls into synonymy under Acrochae? tium, while some name other than Acrochaetium must be applied to those species considered by many workers through many decades to be congeneric with A. daviesii. Stegenga (1985) applied Colaconema to the latter circum? scription. The coining of numerous binomials as a conse? quence of changing the lectotype of Acrochaetium could be precluded by the conservation of that generic name using the 1862 publication as protologue and A. daviesii as type. Any proposal for conservation, however, should await fur? ther clarification of the taxonomy of acrochaetioid algae. Because any classification of acrochaetioid algae used at present either would be admittedly artificial (based on a single character) or, if allegedly natural (based on morpho? logical, ontogenetic, and life history characters), would be criticized as being premature, I have employed a scheme that at least has the merit of not requiring new binomials, namely that of Feldmann (1962). According to this classifi? cation, all records of acrochaetioid algae for the Philippines are encompassed by Acrochaetium. Galaxauraceae as a Replacement for Chaetangiaceae When Chaetangium was established, Kutzing (1843b:392) misidentified his material with Fucus ornatus Linnaeus, which has turned out to be representative of Suhria in the Gelidiaceae (see Papenfuss, 1952:173). For many decades the name Chaetangium has been applied on the basis of Kiitzing's material, but a decision made at the International Botanical Congress at Sydney in 1981 makes it clear that the name must remain with Suhria unless conservation is invoked. Parkinson (1983), after reviewing the nomenclatural his? tory of Chaetangium, decided against conservation of that generic name, choosing instead to propose Suhria for con? servation against Chaetangium and to resurrect Nothogenia Montagne (1843a:302) as a replacement for Chaetangium. [Nothogenia variolosa (Montagne) Montagne, the type of its genus, was placed in the synonymy of Chaetangium fastigia? tum (Bory de Saint-Vincent) J. Agardh by Kylin (in Kylin and Skottsberg, 1919:6)]. Because the name Chaetangi? aceae must be considered a synonym of Gelidiaceae, Parkin? son simultaneously established the family Galaxauraceae. Portieria as a Replacement for Chondrococcus The genus of Rhizophyllidaceae currently called Desmia Lyngbye (1819) emend. J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]) or Chondrococcus Kutzing (1847) has a troubled nomenclatural history. I have discussed it in detail previously (Silva, 1952a:304-306), but it is necessary to return to it in light of changes in the, ICBN made at Sydney pertaining to the typification of generic names. Desmia was established by Lyngbye (1819:XXIX, 33) to receive three species with narrow, compressed branches. One species is the type of Herbacea Stackhouse (1809) and another is the type of Hippurina Stackhouse (1809). Both of these genera are referable to Desmarestia Lamouroux (1813), but the name Desmarestia has been conserved against the Stackhouse names. Desmia is thus a superfluous name for Desmarestia and illegitimate in accordance with Article 63.1 of the ICBN. Although Lyngbye did not give a reason for abandoning the name Desmarestia, which he cited in synonymy, he may have considered Desmia a better name because of its brevity or because it was descriptive (derived from the Greek word desmos, "band") rather than commem? orative (Desmarestia being named for Anselm Gaetan Des- marest, a French zoologist). The sharing of the first four letters by the two names perhaps is not purely coincidental. The third species assigned by Lyngbye to Desmia was D. hornemannii ("hornemanni"), based on a specimen sent to him by Mertens under the name Fucus hornemanni. Mertens found this specimen among Forsskal's collections and indi? cated that it came from Helsing$r on the produced along the inner face of the branches and ramuli, one arising from almost every joint, giving the branch a serrated appear? ance." Although this diagnosis lacks two essential generic characters (discoid plastids and lack or irregular occurrence of meristematic regions), it is clear that Gray had a species of Giffordia in hand and that Hincksia should supersede Giffordia. Both generic names commemorate female British phycologists, Hannah Hincks (1798-1871) of Belfast and Isabella Gifford (1823?-1891) of Minehead, Somerset, re? spectively. The genus Hincksia includes the following species. Hincksia andamanensis (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia andamanensis Krishnamurthy and Baluswami, 1982:104, figs. 1-11; 1983:47). H. bhimlipatnamensis (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. SiTva, new com? bination (Giffordia bhimlipatnamensis Krishnamurthy and Baluswami, 1982:105, figs. 12-15; 1983:47). H. clavata (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia clavata Krishnamurthy and Baluswami, 1982:106, figs. 2 3 - 28; 1983:48). H. fenestrata (Berkeley ex Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus feneslralus Berkeley ex Harvey, 1849 [1847-1851]: pi. CCLVII; 1849:58). H. fuscata (Zanardini) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus fuscatus Zanardini in Meneghini, 1846:381). H. ghardaqaensis (Nasr) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus ghardaq? aensis Nasr, 1939:59, figs. 8, 9). H. granulosa (J.E. Smith) P.C. Silva, new combination (Conferva granulosa J.E. Smith, 1811 [1811-1812]: pi. 2351). H. hincksiae (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus hincksiae Harvey, 1841:40). H. hincksiae var. californica (Hollenberg and Abbott) P.C. Silva, new com? bination (Giffordia hincksiae var. californica Hollenberg and Abbott, 1968:1238, fig. 3). H. intermedia (Rosenvinge) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus ovatus var. intermedius Rosenvinge in Rosenvinge and S. Lund, 1941:49, figs. 21,22) . Hi mitchelliae (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus mitchelliae Harvey, 1852:142, pi. XII:G, "mitchellae"). H. mitchelliae var. neilii (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia mitchelliae var. neilii Krishnamurthy and Balus? wami, 1982:106, figs. 16-22; 1983:47). H. onslowensis (Amsler and Kapraun) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia onslowensis Amsler and Kapraun, 1985:94, figs. 1-3). H. ovata (Kjellman) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus ovatus Kjell? man, 1877:35). H. prolifera (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia prolifera Krishnamurthy and Baluswami, 1982:107, figs. 29 - 41 ; 1983:48). H. rallsiae (Vickers) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus rallsiae Vick? ers, 1905:59). H. sandriana (Zanardini) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus sandrianus Zanardini, 1843:41). H. saundersii (Setchell and Gardner) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus saundersii Setchell and Gardner, 1922:411). H. secunda (Kutzing) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus secundus Kutzing, 1847a:54). H. sordida (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus sordidus Harvey, 1860c:294). H. terminalis (Krishnamurthy and Baluswami) P.C. Silva, new combination (Giffordia terminalis Krishnamurthy and Baluswami, 1982:108, figs. 46 - 57; 1983:48). H. tkyrsoidea (B^rgesen) P.C. Silva, new combination (Ectocarpus tkyrsoideus B^rgesen, 1937:12, figs. 6, 7). The Correct Name for Hormophysa triquetra The nomenclature of this species was investigated by Papenfuss (1968), who, after considering several synonyms, concluded that the correct name was Hormophysa triquetra (C- Agardh) Kutzing. As will be shown, this name must be superseded. When uncritically compiling the hitherto described spe? cies of Fucus, J.F. Gmelin (1792) confronted two pairs of homonyms, both now believed to involve Hormophysa tri? quetra. One pair was Fucus triqueter S.G. Gmelin (1768:122, pi. VIII: fig. 4 )andF . triqueter Linnaeus (1771:312). Swartz (1788:148) had previously attempted to rectify the hom- onymy, but erred in proposing a substitute name, Fucus trifarius, for the senior homonym rather than the junior homonym. The first species is now known as Bryothamnion triquetrum (S.G. Gmelin) Howe (1915:222), a rhodomela- ceous red alga from the Caribbean. Fucus triqueter Linnaeus was the first description of a species of Hormophysa. J.F. NUMBER 27 131 Gmelin (1792:1382, 1383) erred in the same manner as Swartz, retaining the junior homonym and substituting the name Fucus triangularis for the Caribbean alga (which was called Bryothamnion triangulare until Howe pointed out the illegitimacy of that name). On transferring F. triqueter Lin? naeus to Cystoseira, C. Agardh (1820b:61) provided a bino? mial (C. triquetra) that may be treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. The second pair of homonyms was Fucus articulatus S.G. Gmelin (1768:77) and F. articulatus Forsskal (1775:191). The first species was described, but not illustrated (the reference to pi. II: fig. 1, apparently being erroneous, judging from the legend and a comparison of the cited figure with the description). The provenance was said to be "Oceanus Indicus." In the absence of a type specimen, a definitive identification is not possible. The Forsskal species was united with F. triqueter Linnaeus in the genus Cystoseira by C. Agardh (1820b: 61), and subsequent authors have considered the two species as congeneric, but not always conspecific. J. Agardh (1848:215-216) recognized separate species, and on transferring F. articulatus Forsskal to Cysto? seira, provided a binomial (C. articulata) that may be treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Article 72, Note 1, of the ICBN. On the basis of priority or perhaps purely by chance, J.F. Gmelin (1792:1381, 1389) retained the senior homonym and substituted the name Fucus cuneiformis for F. articulatus Forsskal. By an examination of Forsskal's collection at Copenhagen (C), B0rgesen (1932:11) con? firmed that Fucus articulatus Forsskal is referable to Hor? mophysa. Hence, Fucus cuneiformis is the earliest legitimate name for this species and its correct name is Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F. Gmelin) P.C. Silva, new combination. Validation of the Green Algal Order Ctendocladales The order Ctenocladales was proposed by Silva (1982:147) to accommodate those green algae previously placed in the Chaetophoraceae with ulvophycean rather than chlorophycean ultrastructure. The nature of the pub? lication (an encyclopedia) precluded the provision of a Latin diagnosis essential to the validity of the name. Validation is effected herewith: Chlorophytae (algae virides) filamenta uniseriata ramosa aut sarcinas cellularum constantes; thallus erectus aut prostratus aut heterotrichus, filamentis prostra- tis libris aut cohaerentibus; cellulae omnes nucleum unum et chloroplastum singulum parietalem laminatem pler? umque pyrenoidibus thylakoidiperductis (uno aut aliquot) continentes; cellulae motiles squamatae aut nudae cum uno aut multis flagellis; flagella apicaliter affixa, symmetrica radialiter, cum systemate radicum microtubulare cruciato, radicibus rotationem contra horologii habentibus; cytoki? nesis per sulco cum phycoplasto nihil consociato effectus. Familia typificata: Ctenocladaceae (Borzi) Borzi (1892:48, "Ctenocladiaceae"). Literature Cited (References preceded by an asterisk (*) deal wholly with Philippine benthic marine algae or their collectors, or include Philippine records.) Abagon, M.A., D.M. Bufiag, and A.M. De Vera * 1951. "Gulaman dagat" as Supplementary Feed for Bafigos. Bulletin of the Fisheries Society of the Philippines, 2 :41-49, 2 figures. Abbott, I.A. * 1962. Some Liagora-inhabiting Species of Acrochaetium. Occasional Pa? pers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 23:77-120, 17 figures. *1970. Yamadaella, a New Genus in the Nemaliales (Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 9 :115-123, 9 figures. 1972. Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on North Pacific Marine Algae. Phycologia, 11:259-265, 7 figures. 1979. Some Tropical Species Related to Antithamnion (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae). Phycologia, 18:213-227,31 figures. 1983. Some Species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) from California. Taxon, 32:561-564, 4 figures. 1984. Two New Species of Liagora (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) and Notes on Liagora farinosa Lamouroux. American Journal of Botany, 71:1015-1022, 25 figures. *1985. Gracilaria from the Philippines: List and Distribution of the Species. In LA. Abbott and J.N. Norris, editors, Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with Reference to Some Pacific and Caribbean Species, pages 89-90 , various figures on pages 102-113. [Cali? fornia Sea Grant College Program Report, T-CSGCP-011.] Abelardo, L.C., and A.L De Leon *1956. Determination of the Moisture, Nitrogen and Iodine Content of Some Philippine Algae. Journal of the Philippine Pharmaceu? tical Association, 43:102. [Abstract.] Adey, W.H. 1970. A Revision of the Foslie Crustose Coralline Herbarium. Konge? lige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 1970(1): 46 pages, 13 figures. Adey, W.H., and P.A. Lebednik 1967. Catalog of the Foslie Herbarium, Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondheim, Norway. 91 pages. [Privately pub? lished, without place of publication; cover has "Norge" rather than "Norway."] Adey, W.H., and D.L. McKibbin 1970. Studies on the Maerl Species Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) nov. comb, and Lithothamnium coralloides Crouan in the Ria de Vigo. Botanica Marina, 13:100-106, 16 figures. Adey, W.H., R.A. Townsend, and W.T. Boykins 1982. T h e Crustose Coralline Algae (Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae) of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 15: iv + 74 pages, 47 figures. Agardh, C.A. 1810-1812. DispositioalgarumSueciae. 45 pages. Lunda[Lund]. [1810 = pages 1-16; 1811 - 17-26; 1812 = 27-45.] 1815. Algarum decas quarta. Pages 41 -56 , plates 2, 3. Lunda [Lund]. 1817. Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae. XL + 135 pages. Lunda [Lund]. 1820a. Icones algarum ineditae. Fascicle 1: [4] pages, X plates. Lunda [Lund]. 1820b. Species algarum. Volume 1, part 1, pages 1-168. Lunda [Lund]. 1822a. Species algarum. Volume 1, part 2, pages [i-viii] + 169-531. Lunda [Lund]. [Pages 399-531 probably published in 1823.] 1822b. Algae, Agardh. In C.S. Kunth, Synopsis plantarum, quas, in itinere ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi, collegerunt Al. de Humboldt et Am. Bonpland, volume 1, pages 1-6. Parisii [Paris]. 1824. 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The Economic Marine Algae of Malaysia and Their Applica? tions. [I. Cyano'phyta and Chlorophyta.] In Proceedings of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 1st Meeting [Singapore, 1949]. Pages 107-114. * 1952. The Economic Marine Algae of Malaysia and Their Applica? tions, II: The Phaeophyta. In Proceedings of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 3rd Meeting [Madras, 1951]. Pages 129-133. * 1956. T h e Economic Marine Algae of the Tropical Regions of South and East Asia and Their Utilization. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Coun? cil, Special Publications, 3: [ii+] 55 pages. *1959. T h e Utilization of Marine Algae in Tropical South and East 156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Asia. Economic Botany, 13:89-131, 27 figures. Zarsuelo, J.C. * 1972. T h e Benthic Algae of Silut Bay (Liloan, Cebu, Philippines) and Some Physico-Chemical Factors Affecting Their Distribution and Abundance. Philippine Scientist [University of San Carlos], 9:102. [Abstract of master's thesis] Zeller, G. 1873. 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Index (Valid taxa (centered heads in the text) appear in roman; invalid taxa in italic.) abrotanifolius, Fucus, 26 abscissus, Fucus, 129 Acanthocodium fragile, 112 Acanthophora, 60 aokii, 60 muscoides, 60 orientalis, 61 spicifera, 60 spicifera f. orientalis, 61 thierryi, 61 acanthophorus, Fucus, 61 acerosa, Gelidiella, 25 acerosus, Fucus, 25 Acetabularia, 121 calyculus, 121 clavata, 121 crenulata, 121 dentata, 121 exigua, 121 major, 121 minutissima, 122 moebii, 122 parvula, 122 philippinensis, 122 roxasii, 122 ryukyuensis, 122 ryukyuensis var. philippinensis, 122 velasquezii, 122 aciculare, Sargassum, 84 aciculare, Sargassum filifolium var., 84 Acrocarpus pusillus, 25 Acrochaetium, 8, 123, 127 daviesii, 128 gracile, 18 hallandicum, 19 hancockii, 19 liagorae, 19 nitidulum, 19 papenfussii, 19 robustum, 19 sargassi, 19 secundatum, 128 seriatum, 19 sinicola, 19 trichogloeae, 19 tuticorinense, 19 Acrocystis, 61 nana, 61 Actinotrichia, 22 fragilis, 22 rigida, 22 acuminata, Galaxaura, 22 acuminata, Grateloupia, 30 acuminata, Halymenia, 30 acutissimus, Microcoleus, 10, 12 adhaerens , Callophyllis, 31 adhaerens, Codium, 111, 112 adhaerens , Dasya, 59 adhaerens , Jania, 34 adnata , Callophyllis, 31 adnata , Caloglossa, 58 adnata, Delesseria, 58 adnata , Gelidiella, 25 aegagropila, Cladophora, 5 aegagropila, Valonia, 102 aemulum, Sargassum, 82 aerea, Chae tomorpha , 95 aerea, Conferva, 95 aeruginea, Calothrix, 13 aeruginea, Leibleinia, 13 aeruginosa, Anacystis, 7 aeruginosa, Gracilaria foliifera f., 42 aeruginosa, Gracilaria multipartita var., 42 aeruginosa, Palmogloea, 7 aeruginosus, Fucus, 42 aestuarii, Conferva, 9 aestuarii, Lyngbya, 9 affine, Ceramium, 54 affinis, Carpopeltis, 28 affinis, Gigartina, 28 africana, Roschera, 71 africanum, Rhizoclonium, 99 agardhianum, Microdictyon, 95 agardhianum, Sargassum, 82 Agardhiella, 44, 123 Aglaotkamnion, 56 Ahnfeltia, 50, 123 concinna, 50 furcellata, 51 ajakii-assii, Eucheuma alvarezii var., 45 albida, Annulina, 97 albida, Cladophora , 97 albida, Conferva, 97 alcyonida, Eucheuma arnoldii var., 45 alsidii, Bangia, 17 alsidii, Goniot r ichum, 17 Alsidium, 61 helminthochortos, 95 pusillum, 61 alvarezii, Eucheuma, 45 alvarezii var. ajakii-assii, Eucheuma, 45 alvarezii var. tambalangii , Eucheuma, 45 Amansia, 6 1 , 123 glomerata, 61 jungermannioides, 68 amansii, Fucus, 25 amansii, Gelidium, 25 ambigua, Caulerpa, 104 ambigua, Desmia, 129 ambiguum, Phormid ium, 9, 11 , 14 amicorum, Caulerpa, 105 amicorum, Caulerpa cupressoides var. ly? copodium f., 105 amoena, Amphithrix, 11 amoenum, Phormidium, 11 Amphiroa , 32, 123 anastomosans, 32 anceps, 32 annulata, 32 beauvoisii, 32 cultrata, 34 cumingii, 32 cyathifera, 33 dilatata, 32 ephedraea , 32 foliacea, 33 foliacea f. erecta, 33 fragilissima, 33 fragilissima f. cyathifera, 33 hancockii, 33 pacifica, 33 rigida, 33 subcylindrica, 33 tribulus, 33 valonioides, 34 zonata, 34 Amphithrix amoena, 11 Anabaena, 123 Anabaina, 8, 123 oscillarioides, 8 pseudoscillatoria, 8 Anacystis, 7 aeruginosa, 7 Anadyomene , 94 , 125 brownii, 94 eseptata, 94 fiabellata, 95 leclancheri, 94 obscura, 117 plicata, 94 stellata, 94 wrightii, 95 anastomosans, Amphiroa , 32 anastomosans, Cladophora, 101 anastomosans, Dasyopsis, 129 anastomosans, Eupogodon, 129 anastomosans, Struvea, 101 anceps, Amphiroa , 32 anceps, Corallina, 32 andamanensis, Giffordia, 130 andamanensis, Hincksia, 130 andersonii, Gracilaria, 43 andoi, Bostrychia, 62 angusta, Carpopelt is , 28 angustifolium, Sargassum binderi var., 82 157 158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES angustus, Gymnogongrus ligulatus var., 28 annulata , Amphiroa , 32 annulata , Neomeris , 121 Annulina albida, 97 Anotr ichium, 53 tenue , 53 antennina, Chae tomorpha , 95 antennina, Conferva, 95 anthoninii, Gelidium, 5 anti l lanum, Ant i thamnion , 53 antillarum, Dasyopsis, 60 , 129 anti l larum, Eupogodon, 60 , 129 Ant i thamnion, 53 , 123 anti l lanum, 53 Iherminieri , 53 subcorticatum, 54 aokii, Acanthophora , 60 aokii, Cladophora , 97 aperta, Dasyopsis, 129 apertus, Eupogodon, 129 Aphanocapsa, 123 apiculata, Bonnemaisonia, 129 apiculata, Galaxaura, 22 apiculata, Polysiphonia, 69 apiculatum, Centroceras , 54 apiculatus, Eupogodon, 129 arabicum, Codium, 111 aragoensis, En te romorpha , 91 arborea , Galaxaura, 22 arborescens, Padina, 77 Archaeol i thothamnion erythraeum f. durum, 38 e ry th raeum f. molle, 38 schmidtii, 39 sibogae, 39 timorense, 39 arcuata , Gracilaria, 40 arcuata var. snackeyi, Gracilaria, 41 arenaria, Schizothrix, 13 arenicola, Caulerpa, 104 argentea , Udotea , 118 argentea var. spumosa, Udotea , 119 argus, Griffithsia, 57 argus , Wrangelia, 57 armata , Chondr ia , 62 armata, Lophura, 62 arnoldii , Eucheuma, 45 arnoldii var. alcyonida, Eucheuma, 45 articulata, Carpopeltis, 29 articulata, Cystoseira, 8 1 , 131 articulata, Lomentar ia , 52 articulata, Prionitis, 29 articulata, Ulva, 52 articulatus, Fucus, 8 1 , 131 Asparagopsis, 21 delilei, 21 sanfordiana, 22 taxiformis, 21 Asperococcus intricatus, 80 orientalis, 80 asperum, Spatoglossum, 79 Asterocytis, 123 ornata, 17 atomaria, Dictyota, 76 atomarius, Fucus, 76 a t ropurpurea , Bangia, 17 atropurpurea, Conferva, 17 a t ropurpurea , Porphyra , 18 atropurpurea, Ulva, 18 at tenuata , Crouania , 56 at tenuata , Derbesia, 104 attenuata, Mesogloia, 56 a t t enua tum, Hypoglossum, 58 australasicus, Chlorocladus, 120, 126 australasicus, Dasycladus, 120 australe f. brachiatum, Li thothamnion, 36 australe f. minutulum, Li thothamnion, 37 australe f. ubianum, Li thothamnion, 37 australis, Helminthocladia, 20 australis, Padina, 77 Audouinella, 127, 128 Avrainvillea, 117 capituliformis, 117 erecta, 117 lacerata, 117 lacerata var. robustior, 117 levis, 117 longicaulis, 117 nigricans, 117 obscura, 117 sordida, 117 bacciferum, Sargassum, 86 bacciferus, Fucus, 86 baccularia, Fucus, 82 baccularia, Sargassum, 82 baileyana, Chylocladia, 52 baileyana, Lomentar ia , 52 baillouviana, Dasya, 59 baillouviana, Fucus, 59 Baillouviana punicea, 59 Balliella, 54 subcorticata, 54 Bangia, 15, 17 alsidii, 17 a t ropurpurea , 17 elegans, 17 fuscopurpurea, 18 yamadae, 18 bangioides, Erythrotrichia, 17 bartayresiana, Dictyota, 75 bartayresiana var. denticulata, Dictyota, 75 bartayresii, Dictyota, 75 bartlettii, Codium, 112 basilanicum, Sargassum siliquosum var., 88 batanensis, Claudea, 58 batanensis, Halimeda, 116 Batrachospermum requienii, 19 beaudet te i , Polysiphonia, 69 beauvoisii, Amphiroa , 32 Beckerella, 25 scalaramosa, 25 belangeri , Sargassum, 82 benkulense, Sargassum ilicifolium f., 85 berberifolium, Sargassum, 82 b e m a r d i n u m , Sargassum oligocystum var., 86 b e m a r d i n u m , Sargassum oocyste var., 87 bhimlipatnamensis, Giffordia, 130 bhimlipatnamensis, Hincksia, 130 b icornutum, Sargassum siliquosum var., 88 bicuspidata, Wrangelia , 57 bidentata, Dictyota, 75 bifida, Champia, 53 biforme, Sargassum, 82 bikinensis, Halimeda, 114 binderi , Bostrychia, 61 binderi, Sargassum, 86 binderi var. angustifolium, Sargassum, 82 binderi var. vitiense, Sargassum, 86 biseriata, Erythrotr ichia, 17 blodgettii , Gracilaria, 41 Boergesenia, 100, 125 forbesii, 100 boergesenii , Hypnea, 48 boergesenii , Liagora, 20 boergesenii, Microdictyon, 95 Bonnemaisonia apiculata, 129 bonnemaisonii, Oscillaria, 11 bonnemaisonii , Oscillatoria, 11 Boodlea, 100, 125 coacta, 100 composita, 100 montagnei , 100 siamensis, 100 struveoides, 100 vanbosseae, 5 Boodleopsis, 117 pusilla, 117 verticillata, 117 borealis, Rhodopelt is , 39 Bometel la , 119 nitida, 119 oligospora, 120 ovalis, 120 sphaerica, 120 borneti i , Tapeinodasya, 60 boryana, Caulerpa, 109 boryana, Caulerpa serrulata var., 109 boryana f. longifolia, Caulerpa serrulata var., 109 boryana f. occidentalis, Caulerpa freycinetii var., 109 boryana f. occidentalis, Caulerpa serrulata var., 109 boryana, Padina, 77 Bostrychia, 61 andoi, 62 binderi , 61 calliptera, 61 intricata, 61 kelanensis, 62 mixta, 62 mixta f. inermis, 62 moritziana, 62 radicans, 62 rivularis, 62 simpliciuscula, 62 tenella, 62 tenuis, 62 tenuis f. simpliciuscula, 62 NUMBER 27 159 Botryocarpa, 58 prolifera, 58 botryocarpus, Fucus, 58 Botryocladia, 51 botryoides, 51 kuckuckii, 51 pyriformis, 51 skottsbergii, 51 uvarioides, 51 botryoides, Botryocladia, 51 botryoides, Fucus, 51 brachiatum, Li thothamnion australe f., 36 brachygona, Chae tomorpha , 95 brachypus, Caulerpa, 104, 125 brachypus f. parvifolia, Caulerpa, 104 Brachytrichia, 15 maculans, 15 quoyi, 15 breviarticulata, Hincksia, 73 breviarticulatus, Ectocarpus, 73 brevior, Corallina ungulata f., 36 brevior, Jania ungulata f., 36 brevipes, Caulerpa plumaris var., 110 brevipes, Caulerpa sertularioides f., 110 brevis, Oscillatoria, 5 brongniartii, Laurencia, 64 brownii, Anadyomene , 94 brownii, Calomena, 94 Bryopsis, 103, 125 corticulans, 103 indica, 103 pachynema, 103 pennata, 103 pennata var. secunda, 103 plumosa, 103 plumosa var. secunda, 103 tenuissima, 104 Bryothamnion triangulare, 131 triquetrum, 130 bullata, Dictyosphaeria cavernosa var., 102 bullata, Rivularia, 13, 14 bullata, Ulva, 14 bursa-pastoris, Fucus, 41 bursa-pastoris, Gracilaria, 41 byssoides, Lithophyllum, 36 byssoides, Lithothamnion, 36 byssoides, Nullipara, 36 byssoideum, Ceramium, 54 , 55 byssoideum, Ceramium gracillimum var., 54 caenomyce, Liagora, 20 caenomyce, Yamadaella, 20 caespitosa, Catenella, 48 caespitosa, Champia, 53 caespitosa, Chlorodesmis, 118 caespitosa, Ulva, 48 calcarea, Millepora, 38 calcareum, Lithothamnion, 38 calcareum, Phymatol i thon, 38 calcea, Peyssonnelia, 27 calcicola, Schizothrix, 9, 10, 11 , 12 californica, Giffordia hincksiae var., 130 californica, Grateloupia, 30 californica, Hincksia hincksiae var., 130 californica, Kallymenia, 32 californica, Meredithia, 32 californica, Rhodymenia , 52 Calliarthron, 123 calliptera, Bostrychia, 61 calliptera, Rhodomela, 61 Callithamnion, 123 daviesii var. secundatum, 128 elegans, 57 Callophycus, 45 serratus, 45 Callophyllis, 3 1 , 123, 129 adhaerens , 31 adnata , 31 chilensis, 32 japonica, 32 okamurae , 32 callophylloides, Kallymenia, 32 calodictyon, Polysiphonia, 71 calodictyon, Tolypiocladia, 71 Caloglossa, 58 adnata , 58 leprieurii, 58 leprieurii var. hookeri , 58 ogasawaraensis, 58 caloglossoides, Gelidium, 27 caloglossoides, Pterocladia, 27 Calomena brownii, 94 Calothrix, 13 , 123 aeruginea, 13 comoides, 8 confervicola, 13 contarenii , 13 crustacea, 13, 14, 15 epiphytica, 13 hydnoides, 13 luteofusca, 10 parietina, 13, 14 pilosa, 14, 13, 15 robusta, 14 scopulorum, 14 semiplena, 10 sordida, 10 viguieri, 14 calyculus, Acetabularia, 121 camiguinensis, Dictyopteris, 74 canaliculata, Gracilaria, 41 canaliculatus, Sphaerococcus, 41 canariensis, Liagora, 20 cancellatus, Hydroclathrus, 80 cantharidosma, Lyngbya, 8 canthar idosmum, Hydrocoleum, 8 capense, Gelidium, 26 capensis, Fucus, 26 capensis, Turb ina r i a trialata var., 90 capillacea, Jania, 35 capillacea, Leibleinia, 10 capillacea, Pterocladia, 27 capillaceus, Fucus, 27 capillare, Rhizoclonium, 96 capitellata, Carpopeltis, 29 capitellata, Cryptonemia, 29 capituliformis, Avrainvillea, 117 capituliformis, Laurencia, 65 caraibica, Laurencia, 65 carolinensis, Laurencia, 65 carolyniae, Rhipiliopsis, 118 Carpacanthus cystophyllus, 83 gaudichaudii, 84 ilicifolius, 85 microcystis, 85 spinulosus, 85 Carpopeltis, 28 , 123 affinis, 28 angusta, 28 articulata, 29 capitellata, 29 cornea, 31 crispata, 29 divaricata, 29 fiabellata, 29 formosana, 29 maillardii, 29 prolifera, 29 rigida, 29 carpophyllum, Sargassum, 85 cartilaginea, Laurencia, 65 cartilagineum, Gelidium, 26 cartilagineus, Fucus, 26 catenata, Cladophora , 97 catenata, Conferva, 97 Catenella, 48 caespitosa, 48 impudica, 48 nipae, 48 opuntia, 48 Caulerpa, 104, 125 ambigua, 104 amicorum, 105 arenicola, 104 boryana, 109 brachypus, 104, 125 brachypus f. parvifolia, 104 chemnitzia var. occidentalis, 108 clavifera, 106 clavifera var. gracilis, 107 clavifera var. turbinata, 108 corynephora, 107 crassifolia, 106 cupressoides, 104 cupressoides var. disticha, 105 cupressoides var. ericifolia, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. amico? r u m , 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. disticha, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. elegans, 105 elongata, 105 fastigiata, 105 fergusonii, 105 filicoides, 105 freycinetii, 109 freycinetii var. boryana f. occidentalis, 109 freycinetii var. pectinata, 109 freycinetii var. typica f. lata, 109 freycinetii var. typica f. spiralis, 109 160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES hummii, 109 laetevirens, 107 lentillifera, 105 lentillifera var. compacta, 106 lentillifera var. longistipitata, 106 lessonii, 106 lycopodium, 105 macrodisca, 108 mexicana, 106 mexicana var. pluriseriata, 106 microphysa, 106 nummularia, 108 parvifolia, 104 peltata, 108 peltata var. macrodisca, 108 peltata var. nummular ia , 108 pickeringii, 111 plumaris, 110 plumaris f. farlowii, 110 plumaris f. flagellata, 110 plumaris var. brevipes, 110 plumaris var. elegans, 105 plumaris var. longipes, 110 plumaris var. longiseta, 110 prolifera, 106 racemosa, 106 racemosa var. chemnitzia, 108 racemosa var. clavifera, 107 racemosa var. clavifera f. microphysa, 106 racemosa var. corynephora , 107 racemosa var. gracilis, 107 racemosa var. laetevirens, 107 racemosa var. lamourouxii , 107 racemosa var. macra, 107 racemosa var. macrophysa, 107 racemosa var. occidentalis, 108 racemosa var. peltata, 108 racemosa var. turbinata , 108 racemosa var. uvifera, 107 reyesii, 108 selago, 108 serrulata, 108 serrulata f. lata, 109 serrulata f. spiralis, 109 serrulata var. boryana, 109 serrulata var. boryana f. longifolia, 109 serrulata var. boryana f. occidentalis, 109 serrulata var. pectinata, 109 sertularioides, 109 sertularioides f. brevipes, 110 sertularioides f. farlowii, 110 sertularioides f. flagellata, 110 sertularioides f. longipes, 110 sertularioides f. longiseta, 110 simpliciuscula var. vesiculifera, 111 subserrata, 110 taxifolia, 111 taxifolia var. crassifolia, 106 urvilliana, 111 urvilliana var. vitiensis, 111 uvifera, 107 verticillata, 111 vesiculifera, 111 webbiana, 111 webbiana var. pickeringii, 111 cavernosa, Dictyosphaeria, 101 cavernosa, Ulva, 101 cavernosa var. bullata, Dictyosphaeria, 102 cenomyce, Hypnea, 48 cenomyce var. tenuis, Hypnea, 48 Centroceras , 54, 123 apiculatum, 54 clavulatum, 54 cryptacanthum, 54 hyalacanthum, 54 minu tum, 54 Ceramiella, 54 procumbens , 54 Ceramium, 54, 123 affine, 54 byssoideum, 54, 55 clavulatum, 54 confervoides, 44 cruciatum, 54 diaphanum, 56 diaphanum var. tenuissimum, 56 equisetoides, 54 fastigiatum, 54 filamentosum, 49 fimbriatum, 55 flaccidum, 54 gracillimum, 55 gracillimum var. byssoideum, 54 loureiri, 55 luetzelburgii, 55 marshallense, 55 maryae, 55 masonii, 55 mazatlanense, 55 multi jugum, 55 nitens, 55 ocellatum, 59 personatum, 55 procumbens, 54 rubrum var. nitens, 55 serpens, 55 sinicola, 55 taylorii, 56 t ener r imum, 56 tenuissimum, 56 vagabundum, 56 vagans, 56 zacae, 56 ceranoides f. leprosa, Liagora, 20 ceranoides, Liagora, 20 Ceratodictyon, 40 spongiosum, 40 cervicome, Sargassum, 82 cervicornis, Desmia, 129 cervicornis, Dictyota, 75 cervicornis, Eupogodon, 130 cervicornis, Hypnea, 49 ceylanica, Dictyota, 75 ceylanica, Halymenia, 31 ceylanica, Halymenia durvillaei var., 31 ceylanica, Laurencia, 65 ceylanica, Sarcodia, 45 Chaetangium, 128 fastigiatum, 128 Chae tomorpha , 95 , 125 aerea, 95 antennina , 95 brachygona, 95 clavata, 5 clavata var. torta, 97 crassa, 96 gracilis, 96 inflata, 96 kellersii, 96 ligustica, 96 linum, 96 media, 95 spiralis, 97 torta, 97 tortuosa, 96 chaetomorphoides , En te romorpha , 91 Chamaedoris , 100 orientalis, 100 Champia , 53 , 123 bifida, 53 caespitosa, 53 compressa, 53 disticha, 53 japonica, 53 parvula, 53 salicomoides, 53 spathulata, 53 vieillardii, 53 Chantransia hallandica, 19 charoides, Hypnea, 49 Chauvinia clavifera, 107 macrophysa, 107 Cheilosporum, 34 cul t ra tum, 34 jungermannio ides , 34 sagittatum, 34 spectabile, 5 chemnitzia, Caulerpa racemosa var^, 108 chemnitzia, Fucus, 108 chemnitzia var. occidentalis, Caulerpa, 108 cheyneana, Liagora, 21 cheyneana, Liagora farinosa var., 21 chilensis, Callophyllis, 32 Chlorocladus australasicus, 120, 126 philippinensis, 120 Chlorodesmis, 118 caespitosa, 118 comosa, 118 fastigiata, 118 formosana, 118 hildebrandti i , 118 major, 118 torresiensis, 118 Chnoospora , 79 implexa, 79 minima, 79 pannosa, 80 Chondr ia , 62 , 123 armata , 62 crassicaulis, 62 curvilineata, 62 NUMBER 27 161 dasyphylla, 63 glandulifera, 66 intricata, 66 obtusa var. paniculata, 67 obtusa var. patentiramea, 67 papulosa, 67 parvula, 53 patentiramea, 68 polyrhiza, 63 repens, 63 sedifolia, 63 seticulosa, 63 sibogae, 63 uvaria, 51 chondrioides, Laurencia, 65 Chondroclonium cornutum, 49 Chondrococcus, 129 hornemannii, 39, 129 japonicus, 39 lambertii, 129 spinulosus, 129 Chondrus, 123 edulis, 47 Chromastrum, 127, 128 Chroodactylon, 17 ornatum, 17 Chrysymenia, 123 kuckuckii, 51 pyriformis, 51 skottsbergii, 51 uuaria, 51 Chthonoblastus kurzii, 12 Chylocladia baileyana, 52 ciliolata, Dictyota, 75 cinctum var. graci lentum, Sargassum, 82 cinctum var. mixtum, Sargassum, 82 Cladocephalus, 125 Cladophora, 97 , 125 aegagropila, 5 albida, 97 anastomosans, 101 aokii, 97 catenata, 97 coacta, 100 conferta, 97 crispula, 97 crucigera, 97 crystallina, 97 cymopoliae, 97 dalmatica, 97 densa, 98 fascicularis, 99 filipendula, 97 fuliginosa, 97 heteronema, 98 inserta, 98 japonica, 98 laetevirens, 98 liebetruthii, 98 mauritiana, 9 9 pellucida, 98 philippinensis, 98 prolifera, 98 quisumbingii, 98 rudolphiana, 9 9 rugulosa, 98 rupestris, 98 sakaii, 98 sericea, 99 sibogae, 99 trichotoma, 98 uncinata, 97 vagabunda, 99 wrightiana, 99 zollingeri, 101 c ladophorae , Pt i lothamnion, 57 cladophorae, Spermothamnion, 57 Cladophoropsis, 100, 125 dichotoma, 100 fasciculata, 100 gracillima, 101 membranacea , 101 neocaledonica, 101 philippinensis, 101 sundanensis, 101 vaucheriaeformis, 101 zollingeri, 101 Cladosiphon frappieri, 20 clathrata, Conferva, 91 clathrata, En te romorpha , 91 clathrata var. crinita, Enteromorpha, 93 clathratum, Encoelium, 80 c la thratum, Microdictyon, 95 clathratus, Fucus, 80 clathratus, Hydrocla thrus , 80 Claudea, 58 batanensis, 5 8 multifida, 58 clavata, Acetabularia, 121 clavata, Chaetomorpha, 5 clavata, Giffordia, 130 clavata, Hincksia, 130 clavata, Laurencia, 65 clavata var. torta, Chaetomorpha, 97 clavatum, Gelidium, 25 clavifer, Fucus, 106 clavifera, Caulerpa, 106 clavifera, Caulerpa racemosa var., 107 clavifera, Chauvinia, 107 clavifera f. microphysa, Caulerpa racemosa var., 106 clavifera var. gracilis, Caulerpa, 107 clavifera var. turbinata, Caulerpa, 108 clavigera, Galaxaura, 23 clavulatum, Centroceras , 54 clavulatum, Ceramium, 54 coacta, Boodlea, 100 coacta, Cladophora, 100 coacta, Rhodymenia , 52 coccinea, Portieria, 129 Coccochloris, 123 Codium, 111 , 125 adhaerens, 111 , 112 arabicum, 111 bartlettii , 112 cont rac tum, 112 coronatum, 111 cylindricum, 112 decorticatum, 112 dichotomum, 113 difforme, 112 divaricatum, 112 edule, 112 effusum, 112 e longatum, 112 fragile, 112 geppii, 112, 113 intr icatum, 113 muelleri, 113 ovale, 113 papillatum, 113 platyclados, 113 pugniforme, 113 repens, 112 setchellii, 112 tenue, 113 tomentosum, 113 Coelothrix, 52 irregularis, 52 Colaconema, 127, 128 Colpomenia, 80, 125 sinuosa, 80 columellaris, Ectocarpus, 73 columellaris, Feldmannia, 73 columellaris, Laurencia, 65 commersonii, Padina, 77 comoides, Calothrix, 8 comoides, Hydrocoleum, 8 comosa, Chlorodesmis, 118 compacta, Caulerpa lentillifera var., 106 compactum, Sargassum, 85 compactum, Sargassum ilicifolium var., 85 complanata, Endocladia, 27 complanata, Gloiopeltis, 27 composita, Boodlea, 100 composita, Conferva, 100 composita, Laurencia, 65 compressa, Champia, 53 compressa, En te romorpha , 91 compressa, Gracilaria, 41 compressa, Ulva, 9 1 , 93 compressus, Sphaerococcus, 41 conchicola, Peyssonnelia, 27 concinna, Ahnfeltia, 50 concinna, Laurencia, 64 condensata, Roschera, 71 condensata, Tolypiocladia, 71 condensata, Turb inar ia , 88 conferta, Cladophora , 97 conferta, Entophysalis, 7 conferta, Grateloupia, 30 conferta, Grateloupia filicina var., 30 conferta, Palmella, 7 Conferva aerea, 95 aestuarii, 9 albida, 97 antennina, 95 atropurpurea, 17 catenata, 97 clathrata, 91 composita, 100 confervicola, 13 crassa, 96 crinita, 93 162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO T H E MARINE SCIENCES crystallina, 97 daviesii, 128 fascicularis, 99 fastigiata, 54 flexuosa, 92 fuscopurpurea, 17 gracilis, 96 granulosa, 130 heteronema, 98 laetevirens, 98 ligustica, 96 linum, 96 majuscula, 8, 9 media, 95 membranacea, 101 ornata, 17 paradoxa, 92 pellucida, 98 prolifera, 98 riparia, 99 rudolphiana, 99 rupestris, 98 scopulorum, 14 sericea, 99 seticulosa, 63 simplex, 63 tortuosa, 96 trichotoma, 98 utricularis, 103 vagabunda, 99 confervicola, Calothrix, 13 confervicola, Conferva, 13 confervoides, Ceramium, 44 confervoides, Fucus, 44 confervoides, Gracilaria, 44 confervoides, Lyngbya, 9 confervoides, Sphaerococcus, 44 confervoides, Valonia, 102 confusum, Sargassum, 82 conoides, Turb ina r i a , 88 conoides, Turbinaria vulgaris var., 88 conoides f. laticuspidata, Turb ina r i a , 89 conoides f. retroflexa, Turb ina r i a , 89 conoides var. evesiculosa, Turbinaria, 90 constipata, Galaxaura, 23 contarenii , Calothrix, 13 contarenii, Rivularia, 13 contigua, Galaxaura, 22 cont rac tum, Codium, 112 copiosa, Hal imeda, 114 Corallina, 34, 123 anceps, 32 cubensis, 34 cylindrica, 23 decussato-dichotoma, 35 ephedraea, 32 flabellum, 119 fragilissima, 33 frondescens, 34 incrassata, 115 marginata, 23 oblongata, 23 obtusata, 24 opuntia, 115 pinnatifolia var. digitata, 34 rubens, 35 rugosa, 24 sagittata, 34 tenella, 35 tribulus, 33 tridens, 115 iuna, 116 ungulata, 35 ungulata f. brevior, 36 corallinae, Leibleinia, 11 corallinae, Oscillatoria, 11 corallopsis, Laurencia, 65 Corallopsis minor, 43 opuntia, 41 salicornia, 43 salicornia var. minor, 43 corallopsis, Sphaerococcus, 65 cordata, Halimeda, 116 cordata, Halimeda opuntia f., 116 Cordylecladia irregularis, 52 Coriophyllum setchellii, 5 cornea, Carpopeltis, 31 cornea, Grateloupia, 31 cornea, Prionitis, 31 corneus var. pulchellus, Fucus, 25 cornuta , Hypnea, 49 cornuta var. stellulifera, Hypnea, 49 cornutum, Chondroclonium, 49 coronatum, Codium, 111 coronopifolia, Gracilaria, 41 coronopifolia, Gracilaria lichenoides f., 41 corticulans, Bryopsis, 103 corymbosa, Gardnerula , 14 corymbosus, Microcoleus, 14 corynephora, Caulerpa, 107 corynephora , Caulerpa racemosa var., 107 costata, Delesseria plocamium var., 44 costatum, Plocamium, 44 Cottoniella, 58 filamentosa, 58 cottonii, Eucheuma, 46 cottonii var. erecta, Eucheuma, 46 coulteri, Gelidium, 25 crassa, Chae tomorpha , 96 crassa, Conferva, 96 crassa, Gracilaria, 41 crassa, Herposiphonia, 63 crassa, Padina, 78 crassicaulis, Chondr ia , 62 crassifolia, Caulerpa, 106 crassifolia, Caulerpa taxifolia var., 106 crassipellitum var. robus tum, Rhizoclon? ium, 99 crassum, Eucheuma, 46 crenulata, Acetabularia, 121 crenulata, Cryptonemia, 29 crenulata, Dictyota, 75 crenulata, Phyllophora, 29 crinale, Gelidium, 25 crinale var. perpusil lum, Gelidium, 25 crinalis, Fucus, 25 crinita, Conferva, 93 crinita, Enteromorpha, 93 crinita, Enteromorpha clathrata var., 93 crispa, Lyngbya, 9 crispata, Carpopelt is , 29 crispata, Porphyra , 18 crispifolium, Sargassum, 82 crispella, Heterosiphonia , 60 crispella var. laxa, Heterosiphonia , 60 crispula, Cladophora , 97 cristaefolium, Sargassum, 83 cristata, Lophosiphonia, 69 cristatum, Sargassum, 82 crosbyanum, Phormid ium, 11 Crouania, 56 a t tenuata , 56 minutissima, 56 cruciatum, Ceramium, 54 crucigera, Cladophora , 97 Cruora / /a dura, 28 foveolata, 28 indica, 28 lemoinei, 5 mariti, 28 crustacea, Calothrix, 13, 14, 15 crustiforme, Eucheuma, 46 cryptacanthum, Centroceras, 54 Cryptonemia, 29 , 123 capitellata, 29 crenulata, 29 luxurians, 29 rigida, 29 schmitziana, 29 crystallina, Cladophora , 97 crystallina, Conferva, 97 cubense, Haliptilon, 34 cubensis, Corallina, 34 cubensis, Jania, 34 cuculligera, Galaxaura, 24 cultrata, Amphiroa, 34 cul t ra tum, Chei losporum, 34 cumingii, Amphiroa , 32 cuneata, Halimeda, 114 cuneiformis, Fucus, 8 1 , 131 cuneiformis, Hormophysa , 8 1 , 131 cupressoides, Caulerpa, 104 cupressoides, Fucus, 104 cupressoides var. disticha, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoides var. ericifolia, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. amico? rum, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. disticha, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoides var. lycopodium f. elegans, Caulerpa, 105 cupressoideum, Eucheuma, 45 curtissiae, Microdictyon, 95 curviceps, Oscillatoria, 11 curvilineata, Chondr ia , 62 Cutleria, 74, 125 cylindrica, 74 cyathifera, Amphiroa, 33 cyathifera, Amphi roa fragilissima f., 33 cylindracea, Hal imeda, 114 cylindrica, Corallina, 23 NUMBER 27 163 cylindrica, Cutleria, 74 cylindrica, Galaxaura, 23 cylindrica, Gracilaria, 41 cylindricum, Codium, 112 Cymopolia, 120 vanbosseae, 120 cymopoliae, Cladophora , 97 cystocarpum, Sargassum, 83 Cystodictyon, 94 leclancheri, 94 Cystophyllum, 81 hakodatense, 81 sisymbrioides, 81 trinode, 81 turneri, 81 cystophyllum, Sargassum, 83 cystophyllus, Carpacanthus, 83 Cystoseira, 8 1 , 125, 131 articulata, 8 1 , 131 hakodatensis, 81 prolifera, 81 triquetra, 8 1 , 131 dactyloides, Gracilaria, 52 dactyloides, Hymenocladia, 52 dalmatica, Cladophora , 97 damaecomis, Gracilaria, 41 Dasya, 59 adhaerens, 59 baillouviana, 59 delilei, 2 1 , 2 2 lallemandii, 69 mollis, 59 muelleri, 60 ocellata, 59 penicillata, 130 plana, 129 punicea, 59 sessilis, 59 spinella, 129 wurdemannii, 60 Dasycladus, 120, 126 australasicus, 120 vermicularis, 120 Dasyopsis, 60 , 123, 129 anastomosans, 129 antillarum, 60 , 129 aperta, 129 geppii, 130 palmatifida, 130 pilosa, 60, 130 pulchella, 130 stanleyi, 130 tenella, 130 Dasyphila, 56 plumarioides, 56 dasyphylla, Chondr ia , 63 dasyphyllus, Fucus, 63 daviesii, Acrochaetium, 128 daviesii var. secundatum, Callithamnion, 128 debilis, Fucus, 44 debilis, Gracilaria, 44 debilis, Polycavernosa, 44 decaisnei, Mastophora, 37 Decaisnella, 118 indica, 119 decorticatum, Codium, 112 decumbens , Laurencia, 65 decumbens , Rhodymenia , 52 decur rens , Turb inar ia , 89 decussato-dichotoma, Corallina, 35 decussato-dichotoma, Jania , 35 De/eiierta adnata, 58 filicina, 30 leprieurii, 58 plocamium var. costata, 44 spathulata, 58 delicatula, Dictyopteris, 74 delicatula, Herposiphonia, 63 delicatula, Polysiphonia pacifica var., 70 delicatula, Struvea, 101 delilei, Asparagopsis, 21 delilei, Dasya, 2 1 , 22 dendroidea , Herposiphonia, 64 dendroidea, Laurencia, 67 dendroidea , Laurencia obtusa var., 67 dendroidea var. minor , Herposiphonia, 64 dendroides, Ochlochaete, 91 dendroides , Phaeophila, 91 densa, Cladophora, 98 densa, Laurencia obtusa var., 67 densa, Pterocladia, 27 dentata , Acetabularia, 121 denticulata, Dictyota bartayresiana var., 75 denticulata, Gracilaria, 44 denticulata, Porphyra, 18 dent iculatum, Eucheuma, 46 denticulatus, Fucus, 46 , 86 denticulatus, Sphaerococcus, 44 denudata , Turb inar ia , 89 depaupera tum, Eucheuma mur ica tum f, 46 Derbesia, 104 at tenuata , 104 marina, 104 ryukyuensis, 104 tenuissima, 104 Dermonema, 20 frappieri, 20 Desmarestia, 128, 129 Desmia, 128, 129 ambigua, 129 cervicornis, 129 dichotoma, 129 harveyi, 129 hornemannii, 39, 128, 129 japonica, 39, 129 kilneri, 129 tripinnata, 129 diaphanum, Ceramium, 56 diaphanum var. tenuissimum, Ceramium, 56 Dichonema erectum, 117 Dichothrix, 14 gypsophila, 14 dichotoma, Cladophoropsis , 100 dichotoma, Desmia, 129 dichotoma, Dictyota, 76 dichotoma, Grateloupia, 30 dichotoma, Portieria, 129 dichotoma, Spongocladia, 100 dichotoma, Ulva, 76 Dichotomasiphon pusillus, 117 dichotomum, Codium, 113 dichotomum, Eucheuma, 5 dichotomum, Spongodendron, 100 dickiei, Lithothamnion, 37 Dicranema, 123 Dictyerpa jamaicensis, 78 Dictyopteris, 74, 125 camiguinensis, 74 delicatula, 74 divaricata, 74 jamaicensis, 74 membranacea, 74 polypodioides, 74 repens, 75 undulata , 75 Dictyosphaeria, 101 , 102, 126 cavernosa, 101 cavernosa var. bullata, 102 favulosa, 102 intermedia, 102 ocellata, 102 setchellii, 102 vanbosseae, 102 versluysii, 102 Dictyota, 75 , 125 atomaria, 76 bartayresiana, 75 bartayresiana var. denticulata, 75 bartayresii, 75 bidentata , 75 cervicornis, 75 ceylanica, 75 ciliolata, 75 crenulata, 75 dichotoma, 76 divaricata, 76 friabilis, 76 indica, 76 lata, 76 linearis, 76 major, 76 marginata, 77 mertensii , 76 patens, 77 variegata, 77 volubilis, 76 diesingiana, Zonaria, 79 difforme, Codium, 112 difformis, Leathesia, 79 difformis, Tremella, 79 Digenea, 63 simplex, 63 digitata, Corallina pinnatifolia var. , 34 dilatata, Amphiroa, 32 dilatata, Halymenia, 30 dilatatus, Fucus, 51 dilatatus, Gymnogongrus , 51 Dilophus, 77 marginatus, 77 okamurae , 77 1 6 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES dimorpha, Galaxaura, 23 Diploderma variegatum, 18 Diplotrichia polyotis, 15 discoidea f. intermedia, Halimeda, 114 discoidea f. subdigitata, Halimeda, 114 discoidea, Halimeda, 114 distenta, Galaxaura, 28 distenta, Peyssonnelia, 28 disticha, Caulerpa cupressoides var., 105 disticha, Caulerpa cupressoides var. lyco? podium f., 105 disticha, Champia, 53 disticha, Gracilaria, 42 distichophylla, Laurencia, 66 distichus, Sphaerococcus, 42 distromatica, Padina, 78 divaricata, Carpopelt is , 29 divaricata, Dictyopteris, 74 divaricata, Dictyota, 76 divaricata, Grateloupia, 30 divaricata, Haliseris, 74 divaricata, Hypnea, 49 divaricata, Liagora, 20 divaricatum, Codium, 112 divaricatum, Gelidium, 25 divaricatus, Fucus, 49 divaricatus, Gymnogongrus , 51 divaricatus, Sphaerococcus, 49 doryphora , Grateloupia, 30 doryphora, Halymenia, 30 droserifolium, Sargassum, 83 droserifolium var. spathulatum, Sargas? sum, 83 duchassaingiana, Giffordia, 73 duchassaingiana, Hincksia, 73 duchassaingianus, Ectocarpus, 73 duperreyi , Haloplegma, 57 duplicatum, Sargassum, 83 duplicatum, Sargassum ilicifolium var., 83 duplicatum var. r o tunda tum, Sargassum, 83 dura, Cruoriella, 28 dura , Polystrata, 28 dura, Rhabdonia, 48 dura , Solieria, 48 durum, Archaeolithothamnion erythraeum f., 38 durum, Sporolithon ptychoides f., 38 durvillaei, Halymenia, 30 durvillaei var. ceylanica, Halymenia, 31 durvillaei var. formosa, Halymenia, 31 echinocarpum var. vitiense, Sargassum, 86 Ectocarpus, 125, 130 breviarticulatus, 73 columellaris, 73 duchassaingianus, 73 fenestratus, 130 formosanus, 73 fuscatus, 130 ghardaqaensis, 130 hincksiae, 130 indicus, 73 irregularis, 73 mitchelliae, 73 , 130 ovatus, 130 ovatus var. intermedius, 130 rallsiae, 73 , 130 sandrianus, 130 saundersii, 130 secundus, 130 sordidus, 130 thyrsoideus, 130 edule, Codium, 112 edule, Eucheuma, 47 edulis, Chondrus, 47 edulis, Fucus, 42 , 44 edulis, Gracilaria, 42 effusum, Codium, 112 elegans, Bangia, 17 elegans, Callithamnion, 57 elegans, Caulerpa cupressoides var. lyco? podium f., 105 elegans, Caulerpa plumaris var., 105 elegans, Goniotrichum, 17 elegans, Gymnothamnion , 57 elegans, Microcladia, 57 elongata, Caulerpa, 105 elongata, Galaxaura, 23 , 24 elongatum, Codium, 112 elongatum, Sargassum, 83 Enantiocladia, 63 okamurae , 63 Encoelium clathratum, 80 orientate, 80 Endocladia complanata, 27 Endosiphonia, 63 spinuligera, 63 enerve, Sargassum, 84 Enteromorpha , 9 1 , 126 aragoensis, 91 chaetomorphoides , 91 clathrata, 91 clathrata var. crinita, 93 compressa, 91 crinita, 93 erecta, 92 flexuosa, 92 flexuosa f. submarina, 92 flexuosa subsp. paradoxa, 92 intermedia, 92 intestinalis, 92 intestinalis f. tubulosa, 92 intestinalis var. tubulosa, 92 kylinii, 92 lingulata, 93 plumosa, 92 prolifera, 93 ramulosa, 93 ramulosa var. spinosa, 93 salina, 93 spinescens, 93 tubulosa, 92 en teromorphoides , H o r m o t h a m n i u m , 8 Entophysalis, 7, 123 conferta, 7 ephedraea , Amphiroa , 32 ephedraea, Corallina, 32 epiphytica, Calothrix, 13 equisetoides, Ceramium, 54 erecta, Amphi roa foliacea f, 33 erecta, Avrainvillea, 117 erecta, Enteromorpha, 92 erecta, Eucheuma cottonii var., 46 erectum, Dichonema, 117 erectus, Scytosiphon, 92 ericifolia, Caulerpa cupressoides var., 105 ericifolius, Fucus, 105 Ernodesmis, 102 verticillata, 102 erubescens, Lithothamnion, 37 erubescens, Mesophyllum, 37 erythraea, Oscillatoria, 12 erythraeum, Lithothamnion, 38 e ry thraeum, Sporoli thon, 38 erythraeum, Trichodesmium, 12 erythraeum f. durum, Archaeolithothamnion, 38 ery thraeum f. molle, Archaeoli thotham? nion, 38 Erythrocladia, 17 irregularis, 17 pinnata, 17 subintegra, 17 Erythrocolon, 52 podagricum, 52 Erythrotrichia, 17, 123 bangioides, 17 biseriata, 17 parietalis, 17 eseptata, Anadyomene , 94 esperi, Hypnea, 49 esperi, Hypnea musciformis var., 49 esperi, Sargassum, 83 Eucheuma, 45 , 123 alvarezii, 45 alvarezii var. ajakii-assii, 45 alvarezii var. tambalangii , 45 arnoldii , 45 arnoldii var. alcyonida, 45 cottonii, 46 cottonii var. erecta, 46 crassum, 46 crustiforme, 46 cupressoideum, 45 dent iculatum, 46 dichotomum, 5 edule, 47 gelatinum, 47 hor r idum, 47 isiforme, 47 leeuwenii, 47 muricatum, 46 muricatum f. depaupe ra tum, 46 mur ica tum f. incrassatum, 47 okamurae , 47 procrus teanum, 47 serra, 47 spinosum, 46 str iatum, 47 eucheumoides , Gracilaria, 42 Euhymenia limensis, 40 Eupogodon, 60 , 123, 129 anastomosans, 129 NUMBER 27 165 antil larum, 60 , 129 apertus, 129 apiculatus, 129 cervicornis, 130 geppii, 130 palmatifidus, 130 penicillatus, 130 pilosus, 60 , 130 pinnatifolius, 130 planus, 130 pulchellus, 130 spinellus, 130 stanleyi, 130 tenellus, 130 euryphyllum, Sargassum polycystum var., 86 euryphyllum, Sargassum myriocystum var., 86 evae, Peyssonnelia, 28 evesiculosa, Turbinaria conoides var., 90 evesiculosa, Turb inar ia orna ta f., 90 exigua, Acetabularia, 121 Exophyllum, 63 wentii, 63 expeditionis, Tydemania , 118 falcata, Galaxaura, 22 farinosa, Fosliella, 34 farinosa, Liagora, 20 farinosa, Melobesia, 34 farinosa var. cheyneana, Liagora, 21 farinosum, Ganonema, 21 farlowii, Caulerpa sertularioides f., 110 farlowii, Caulerpa plumaris f, 110 fasciata, Ulva, 93 fascicularis, Cladophora, 99 fascicularis, Conferva, 99 fasciculata, Cladophoropsis, 100 fasciculata, Galaxaura, 23 fasciculatus, Siphonocladus, 100 fastigiata, Caulerpa, 105 fastigiata, Chlorodesmis, 118 fastigiata, Conferva, 54 fastigiata, Valonia, 102 fastigiata, Vaucheria, 118 fastigiatum, Ceramium, 54 Fauchea, 52, 123 leptophylla, 52 favulosa, Dictyosphaeria, 102 favulosa, Valonia, 102 Feldmannia, 73 , 125 columellaris, 73 formosana, 73 indica, 73 irregularis, 73 fenestrata, Hincksia, 130 fenestratus, Ectocarpus, 130 fergusonii, Caulerpa, 105 ferruginea, Lyngbya, 9 ferulacea, Polysiphonia, 69 filamentosa, Cottoniella, 58 filamentosa, Galaxaura , 23 filamentosa, Sarcomenia, 58 filamentosa, Spyridia, 49 , 57 filamentosa, Turb ina r i a , 89 filamentosum, Ceramium, 49 filamentosus, Fucus, bl filicina, Delesseria, 30 filicina, Grateloupia, 30 filicina var. conferta, Grateloupia, 30 filicinum, Sargassum, 83 filicinus, Fucus, 30 filicoides, Caulerpa, 105 filifolium, Sargassum, 83 filifolium var. aciculare, Sargassum, 84 filiforme, Sargassum, 84 filipendula, Cladophora , 97 fimbriatum, Ceramium, 55 fiabellata, Anadyomene, 95 fiabellata, Carpopeltis, 29 fiabellata, Grateloupia, 29 fiabellata, Zonaria, 79 flabellatus, Homoeostrichus, 79 flabelliforme, Stypopodium, 79 flabelliformis, Gymnogongrus , 51 flabelliformis, Martensia, 59 flabellulata, Polysiphonia, 69 flabellum, Corallina, 119 flabellum, Udotea , 119 flaccidum, Ceramium, 54, 55 flaccidum, Hormoceras, 54 flagellata, Caulerpa plumaris f, 110 flagellata, Caulerpa sertularioides f, 110 flexuosa, Conferva, 92 flexuosa, En te romorpha , 92 flexuosa, Ulva, 92 flexuosa f. submarina, En te romorpha , 92 flexuosa subsp. paradoxa, En te romorpha , 92 floresia, Halymenia, 31 floresius, Fucus, 31 fluitans, Sargassum, 84 fluitans, Sargassum hystrix var., 84 foliacea, Amphiroa , 33 foliacea, Melobesia, 37 foliacea f. erecta, Amphiroa , 33 foliifer, Fucus, 42 foliifera, Gracilaria, 42 foliifera f. aeruginosa, Gracilaria, 42 forbesii, Boergesenia, 100 forbesii, Valonia, 100 forcipata, Polysiphonia, 69 forfex, Polysiphonia, 69 formosa, Halymenia, 31 formosa, Halymenia durvillaei var., 31 formosana, Carpopeltis, 29 formosana, Chlorodesmis, 118 formosana, Feldmannia, 73 formosanus, Ectocarpus, 73 forsteri, Fucus, 66 forsteri, Laurencia, 66 Fosliella, 34 farinosa, 34 foveolata, Cruoriella, 28 foveolata, Peyssonnelia, 28 fragile, Acanthocodium, 112 fragile, Codium, 112 fragilis, Actinotrichia, 22 fragilis, Fucus, 22 fragilis, Halimeda, 114 fragilis, Polysiphonia, 69 fragilissima, Amphi roa , 33 fragilissima, Corallina, 33 fragilissima f. cyathifera, Amphiroa , 33 frappieri, Cladosiphon, 20 frappieri, Dermonema , 20 fraseri, Padina, 78 fraseri, Zonaria, 78 fraxinifolia, Neurymenia , 69 fraxinifolius, Fucus, 69 freycinetii, Caulerpa, 109 freycinetii var. boryana f. occidentalis, Cau? lerpa, 109 freycinetii var. pectinata, Caulerpa, 109 freycinetii var. typica f. lata, Caulerpa, 109 freycinetii var. typica f. spiralis, Caulerpa, 109 friabilis, Dictyota, 76 friesii, Schizothrix, 12 frondescens, Corallina, 34 frutescens, Goniolithon, 38 frutescens, Neogoniol i thon, 38 fruticulosa, Galaxaura, 24 fruticulosum, Lithothamnion, 37 Fucus abrotanifolius, 26 abscissus, 129 acanthophorus, 61 acerosus, 25 aeruginosus, 42 amansii, 25 articulatus, 8 1 , 131 atomarius, 76 bacciferus, 86 baccularia, 82 baillouviana, 59 botryocarpus, 58 botryoides, 51 bursa-pastoris, 41 capensis, 26 capillaceus, 27 cartilagineus, 26 chemnitzia, 108 clathratus, 80 clavifer, 106 confervoides, 44 corneus var. pulchellus, 25 crinalis, 25 cuneiformis, 8 1 , 131 cupressoides, 104 dasyphyllus, 63 debilis, 44 denticulatus, 46 , 86 dilatatus, 51 divaricatus, 49 edulis, 42 , 44 ericifolius, 105 filamentosus, 57 filicinus, 30 floresius, 31 foliifer, 42 forsteri, 66 /ragi/is, 22 fraxinifolius, 6 9 fulvellus, 84 fungiformis, 73 166 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES gelatinus, 47 glandulosus, 57 gulaman, 44 hamulosus, 50 hemiphyllus, 84 hornemanni, 128 ilicifolius, 85 lacinulatus, 42 lambertii, 129 lamourouxii, 107 latifolius, 85 lichenoides, 42 membranaceus, 74 miniatus, 72 minimus, 79 muricatus, 46 musciformis, 49 muscoides, 60 myagroides, 81 natans, 86 nootkanus, 50 obtusus, 66 opuntia, 48 ornatus, 128 palmatus, 19 papillosus, 67 parvifolius, 87 pavonicus, 78 pavonius, 78 pilulifer, 87 plumaris, 110 poitei, 68 polypodioides, 74, 75 />ro/i/