Brittonia, 34(1), 1982, pp. 118-124. ? 1982, by the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOTANICAL CLADISTICS: I. 1981 VICKI A. FUNK1 AND WARREN H. WAGNER, JR. Funk, Vicki A. (New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458) and Warren H. Wagner, Jr. (Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109). A bibliography of botanical cladistics: I. 1981. Brittonia 34: 118-124. 1982.? A listing of papers and dissertations either using some type of cladistic analysis on a plant group or dealing with theoretical cladistics and written by a botanist. In addition, to facilitate studies in vicariance biogeography, this list includes the distribution of the taxa treated in the various papers. Our purpose in compiling this bibliography is twofold. First, it is a contribution to a more complete bibliography for the subject of cladistics (grouping by inter- nested sets of shared derived characters). While DuPuis published a rather ex- tensive listing in his review paper on cladistics (1978. La Systematique phylo- genetique de W. Hennig: Historique, discussion, choix de references. Cahiers des Naturalistes, Societe des Naturalistes Parisiens 34: 1-69, in French), he failed to include most of the botanical publications. The papers and dissertations listed in this bibliography are either written by botanists and deal with theoretical or practical applications of cladistics or are recent publications by zoologists that are of specific interest to botanists. Thus, the combination of the references in this paper and those listed by DuPuis offers a rather comprehensive bibliography on the subject. Second, the geographic distributions of the taxa involved in the studies are included as an aid to those interested in vicariance biogeography. Previously, looking for taxa with similar areas of endemism was a difficult task; now, at least the cladograms available for plant groups are easily accessible. No effort has been made to differentiate between what was and was not "cla- distics." All papers and unpublished dissertations in which the authors expressed the opinion that they were performing a cladistic analysis have been included. Without a doubt, references have been inadvertently omitted and the authors would appreciate being notified of such oversights. Additional compilations of studies in the field of botanical cladistics will be issued at regular intervals. Bacon, J. D. 1978. Taxonomy of Nerisyrenia (Cruciferae). Rhodora 80: 159-227. [Chihuahuan Desert to central Texas]. Baum, B. R. 1975. Cladistic analysis of the diploid and hexaploid oats (Avena, Poaceae) using numerical techniques. Canad. J. Bot. 53: 2115-2127. . 1977. Oats: Wild and cultivated: A monograph of the genus Avena L. (Poaceae). Monograph no. 14, Biosystematics Research Institute, Canada De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario. & G. F. Estabrook. 1978. Application of compatibility analysis in nu- merical cladistics at the infraspecific level. Canad. J. Bot. 56: 1130-1135. & L. P. Lefkovitch. 1973. A numerical taxonomic study of phylogenetic and phenetic relationships in some cultivated oats, using known pedigrees. Syst. Zool. 22: 118-131. Bierner, M. W., W. M. Dennis & B. E. Wofford. 1977. Flavonoid chemistry, chromosome number and phylogenetic relationships oiHelenium chihuahuen- sis. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 5: 23-28. [Chihuahua, Mexico]. Blasdell, R. F. 1962. A monographic study of the fern genus Cystopteris. Mem. 1 Present address: Department of Botany, W-506; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC 20560. 1982] FUNK & WAGNER: CLADISTICS 119 Torrey Bot. Club 21(4): 1-102. [N hemisphere, Central and South America, New Zealand, Ceylon and restricted areas of Australia and E Africa]. Bolick, M. R. 1981. A cladistic analysis of Salmea DC. (Compositae?He- liantheae). Pp. 115-125. In: V. A. Funk & D. R. Brooks, editors. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. [Mexico to Argentina, the Bahamas and Cuba]. Bremer, K. 1976. The genus Relhania (Compositae). Opera Bot. 40: 1-86. [South Africa and Lesotho]. . 1978. The genus Leysera (Compositae). Bot. Not. 131: 369-383. [South Africa, N Africa, S Spain and SW Asia]. & H.-E. Wanntorp. 1978. Phylogenetic systematics in botany. Taxon 27: 317-329. & . 1979. Geographic populations or biological species in phylog- eny reconstruction? Syst. Zool. 28: 220-224. & . 1981. The cladistic approach to plant classification. Pp. 87-94. In: V. A. Funk & D. R. Brooks, editors. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. Brown, D. F. M. 1964. A monographic study of the fern genus Woodsia. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 16: 1-154, pi. 1^40. [Largest number of species in the Hi- malayan Mountains; other species in the Alps, Asia, Mexico and circumboreal across North America and Eurasia; one species in South Africa and South America]. Buck, W. R. 1980. A generic revision of Endodontaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 48: 71-159. [Worldwide, but primarily high elevation tropics]. Burger, W. C. 1979. Cladistics: useful tool or rigid dogma? Taxon 28: 385-386. Churchill, S. P. 1981. A phylogenetic analysis, classification and synopsis of the genera of the Grimmiaceae (Musci). Pp. 127-144. In: V. A. Funk & D. R. Brooks, editors. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. [Worldwide on rocky substrates]. Crisci, J. V. 1980. Evolution in the subtribe Nassauviinae (Compositae, Muti- sieae): A phylogenetic reconstruction. Taxon 29: 213-224. [American, but pre- dominantly temperate South America]. , J. H. Hunziker, R. A. Palacios & C. A. Naranjo. 1979. A numerical- taxonomic study of the genus Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae): Cluster analysis, ordination and simulation of evolutionary trees. Amer. J. Bot. 66: 133-140. [South America (primarily Argentina)]. & T. F. Stuessy. 1980. Determining primitive character states for phy- logenetic reconstruction. Syst. Bot. 5: 112-135. Croizat, L., G. Nelson & D. E. Rosen. 1974. Centers of origin and related concepts. Syst. Zool. 23: 265-287. De Lisle, D. G. 1963. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Cenchrus. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 37: 259-351. [S and E United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Galapagos Islands, neotropical South America (except the Amazon basin), Africa, N and E Australia, N India, Hawaii, N New Zealand, the Pacific Islands]. Duek, J. J. 1975. Flora de Venezuela: Osmundaceae, Schizaeaceae, Gleicheni- aceae (Pteridophyta). Univ. de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. Duncan, T. 1980. A cladistic analysis of the Ranunculus hispidus complex. Taxon 29: 44W54. [United States, Mexico, Central America and Andean South America]. 120 BRITTONIA [VOL. 34 1980. Cladistics for the practicing taxonomist?an eclectic view. Syst. Bot. 5: 136-148. & G. F. Estabrook. 1976. An operational method for evaluating classi- fications. Syst. Bot. 1: 373-382. -, R. B. Phillips & W. H. Wagner, Jr. 1980. A comparison of branching diagrams derived by various phenetic and cladistic methods. Syst. Bot. 5: 264-293. Ehrendorfer, F., D. Schweizer, H. Greger & C. Humphries. 1977. Chromosome banding and synthetic systematics in Anacyclus (Asteraceae?Anthemideae). Taxon 26: 387-394. [NW Africa]. Eldredge, N. & J. Cracraft. 1980. Phylogenetic patterns and the evolutionary process. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. Estabrook, G. F. 1968. A general solution in partial orders for the Camin-Sokal model in phylogeny. J. Theor. Biol. 21: 421^138. . 1972. Cladistic methodology: A discussion of the theoretical basis for the induction of evolutionary history. Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3: 427?456. -, editor. 1975. Proceedings of the eighth international conference on nu- merical taxonomy. W. H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, CA. . 1977. Does common equal primitive? Syst. Bot. 2: 36?42. 1978. Some concepts for the estimation of evolutionary relationships in systematic botany. Syst. Bot. 3: 146-158. & W. R. Anderson. 1978. An estimate of phylogenetic relationships within the genus Crusea (Rubiaceae) using character compatibility analysis. Syst. Bot. 3: 179-196. [Mexico, Central America]. & L. Landrum. 1975. A simple test for the possible simultaneous evo- lutionary divergence of two amino acid positions. Taxon 24: 609-613. -, C. S. Johnson & R. R. McMorris. 1975. An idealized concept of the true cladistic character. Math. Biosci. 23: 263-272. & . 1976. A mathematical foundation for the analysis of cladistic character compatibility. Math. Biosci. 29: 181-187. & . 1976. An algebraic analysis of cladistic characters. Discrete Mathem. 16: 141-147. & F. R. McMorris. 1977. When are two quantitative characters compat- ible? J. Math. Biol. 4: 195-200. & C. A. Meacham. 1979. How to determine the compatibility of undi- rected character state trees. Math. Biosci. 46: 251-256. Evans, A. M. 1964. Interspecific relationships in the Polypodium pectinatum- plumula complex. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 193-293. [Neotropical]. Farris, J. S. & A. G. Kluge. 1979. A botanical clique. Syst. Zool. 28: 400-411. Fryxell, P. A. 1971. Phenetic analysis and the phylogeny of the diploid species of Gossypium L. (Malvaceae). Evolution 25: 554-562. [America, Africa and Australia]. Funk, V. A. 1981. Special concerns in estimating plant phylogenies. Pp. 73-86. In: V. A. Funk & D. R. Brooks, editors. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. . In press. The systematics of Montanoa Cerv. in Llave & Lex. (Aster- aceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. [Mexico, Central America and N Andes]. & D. R. Brooks, editors. 1981. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. & . 1981. A report on the cladistic workshop, Berkeley 1981. Syst. Zool. 31: 491-498. 1982] FUNK & WAGNER: CLADISTICS 121 & T. F. Stuessy. 1978. Cladistics for the practicing plant taxonomist. Syst. Bot. 3: 159-178. Gardner, R. C. & J. C. LaDuke. 1978. Phyletic and cladistic relationships in Lipochaeta (Compositae). Syst. Bot. 3: 197-207. [Hawaii]. Hardin, J. W. 1957. A revision of the American Hippocastanaceae. Brittonia 9: 145-171. [Temperate North America]. Hauke, R. L. 1963. A taxonomic monograph of the genus Equisetum subgenus Hippochaete. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 8: 1-123, pi. 1-22. [Circumpolar; Canada to Mexico and South America (except the Amazon basin); Europe, Eurasia, Asia, Malaysia, N Africa and the Middle East]. Hoshizaki, B. J. 1972. Morphology and phylogeny of Platycerium species. Bio- tropica 4: 93-117. [Philippines, SE Asia, Indonesia, Australia, Madagascar, Africa and one species in Andean South America]. Huft, M. J. 1979. A monograph of Euphorbia Section Tithymalopsis. Doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. [Central and South America]. Humphries, C. J. 1979. A revision of the genus Anacyclus L. (Compositae: Anthemideae). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 7: 83-142. [Central Europe, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mediterranean, Turkey, Iraq, and Antilebanon]. . 1980. Cytogenetic and cladistic studies in Anacyclus (Compositae: An- themideae). Nord. J. Bot. 1: 93-96. [see above]. 1981. Biogeographical methods and the southern beeches (Fagaceae: Nothofagus). Pp. 177-207. In: V. A. Funk & D. R. Brooks, editors. Advances in cladistics: Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. The New York Botanical Garden. [S South America, Tasmania, Australia and New Zealand]. 1981. Biogeographical methods and the southern beeches. Pp. 283-297. In: P. L. Forey, editor. The Evolving Biosphere. Cambridge Univ. Press, [see above]. & P. M. Richardson. 1980. Hennig's methods and phytochemistry. Pp. 353-378. In: F. A. Bisby, J. G. Vaughn & C. A. Wright, editors. Chemosys- tematics: Principles and practice. Academic Press, London and New York. Iltis, H. H. 1959. Studies in the Capparidaceae?VI. Cleome sect. Physostemon: taxonomy, geography, and evolution. Brittonia 11: 123-162. [W hemisphere]. Irving, R. S. 1980. The systematics of Hedeoma (Labiatae). Sida 8: 218-295. [United States, Mexico, S Brazil, Peru, N Argentina and Bolivia]. Jansen, R. K. 1981. Systematics of Spilanthes (Compositae: Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 6: 231-257. [West Indies, Peru, Brazil, Venezuela, Paraguay, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico; one species each in Africa and Australo- Malaysia]. Jensen, R. J. 1981. Wagner networks and Wagner trees: a presentation of meth- ods for estimating most parsimonious solutions. Taxon 30: 576-590. Johnson, L. A. S. & B. G. Briggs. 1975. On the Proteaceae?the evolution and classification of a southern family. J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 70: 83-182. [Asia, S Africa, Australasia and Central and South America]. Judd, W. S. 1979. Generic relationships in the Andromedeae (Ericaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 477-503. [North America, West Indies, E Asia, Africa, South America]. Keener, C. S. 1967. A biosystematic study of Clematis subsection Integrifoliae (Ranunculaceae). J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 83: 1-41. [Central and E United States, central Europe and Russia]. 122 BRITTONIA [VOL. 34 Koponen, T. 1968. Generic revision of Mniaceae Mitt. (Bryophyta). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 117-151. [Worldwide but predominantly N temperate]. . 1973. Rhizomnium (Mniaceae) in North America. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 10: 1-26. [Boreal and temperate regions of North America]. 1980. A synopsis of Mniaceae (Bryophyta). II. Orthomnion. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 17: 35-55. [SE Asia and Australasia]. LaDuke, J. C. In press. Flavonoid chemistry and systematics of Tithonia (Com- positae). Amer. J. Bot. [SW United States, Mexico, Central America]. & D. J. Crawford. 1979. Character compatibility and phyletic relation- ships in several closely related species of Chenopodium of the western United States. Taxon 28: 307-314. [W United States]. Landrum, L. R. 1981. The phylogeny and geography of Myrceugenia (Myrta- ceae). Brittonia 33: 105-129. [Temperate South America]. Lellinger, D. B. 1965. A quantitative study of generic delimitation in the adiantoid ferns. Doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. [Worldwide but predominantly neotropical]. . 1967. Pterozonium (Filicales: Polypodiaceae). In: B. Maguire, editor. The Botany of the Guayana Highland?part VII. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 2-23. [Guayana Highland, Venezuela]. Luteyn, J. L. 1976. A revision of the Mexican-Central American species of Cav- endishia (Vacciniaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 28: 1-138. [Oaxaca, Mexico S through Central America]. Mazzer, S. J. 1971. A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella. Doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. [Widespread]. Meacham, C. A. 1980. Phylogeny of the Berberidaceae with an evaluation of classifications. Syst. Bot. 5: 149-172. [N temperate regions and Andean South America]. . 1981. A manual method for character compatibility analysis. Taxon 30: 591-600. . In press. A probability measure for character compatibility. Math. Bio- sci. Mickel, J. T. 1962. A monographic study of the fern genus Anemia subgenus Coptophyllum. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 36: 349?482. [Neotropics, Africa, Mad- agascar, and India]. Mitter, C. 1981. "Cladistics" in botany. Syst. Zool. 31: 373-378. Myint, T. 1966. Revision of the genus Stylisma (Convolvulaceae). Brittonia 18: 97-117. [Coastal and inland plains, E United States]. Nelson, C. H. & G. S. Van Horn. 1975. A new simplified method for constructing Wagner networks and the cladistics of Pentachaeta (Compositae, Astereae). Brittonia 27: 362-372. [California and surrounding areas]. Nelson, G. & N. Platnick. 1981. Phylogeny and biogeography: Cladistics and vicariance. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. Niklas, K. 1980. Paleobiochemical techniques and their application to paleobot- any. Progress in Phytochemistry 6: 143-182. Northington, D. K. 1974. Systematics studies of the genus Pyrrhopappus (Com- positae, Cichorieae). Texas Tech. Univ. Museum Special Publ. no. 6: 1-38. [SE and SW United States and adjacent Mexico]. Olsen, J. S. 1979. Systematics oiZaluzania (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Rhodora 81; 449-501. [Mexico and Ecuador]. Parent!, L. R. 1980. A phylogenetic analysis of the land plants. J. Linn. Soc, Biol. 13: 225-242. Petersen, R. H. 1971. Interfamilial relationships in the clavarioid and canther- 1982] FUNK & WAGNER: CLADISTICS 123 elloid fungi. 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ANNOUNCEMENT Meeting The Willi Hennig Society, whose purpose is the furtherance of scientific pro- cedures in systematics, will hold its third annual meeting at the University of Maryland at College Park on 19-22 November 1982. The meeting is sponsored by the Maryland Center for Systematic Entomology. There will be symposia as well as contributed papers. Further details may be obtained from the organizers: C. Mitter, Entomology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; V. A. Funk, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; and F. C. Thompson, Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.