NUMBE 8R5 45 species. This possibility needs further investigation. Blow Original Description. —“Shape of test very low trochos- (1979) figured specimens from Zone P10 in a North Atlantic piral, biconvex; equatorial periphery elongate, lobate, espe¬ piston core that he identified as G. planoconica. These cially so in large specimens; axial periphery angular with specimens have 7 to 8 chambers in the ultimate whorl and a distinct keel. Wall calcareous, perforate, surface smooth. high arched aperture that extends slightly over the axial Chambers strongly compressed; about 15, arranged in 3 periphery onto the spiral side. He considered these forms whorls, the 5 chambers of the last whorl increasing rapidly in ancestral to Pseudohastigerina danvillensis (Howe and Wal¬ size. Sutures on spiral side strongly curved, especially so lace ,1932) .Except for the greater number of chambers ,Blow’s between last chambers of large specimens, depressed; on specimens are similar to G. planoconica in that they possess a umbilical side radial, depressed. Umbilicus shallow, open. well-developed imperforate periphera lmargin ,bu tthey differ Aperture a low arch with a lip; interiomarginal, extraumbili- in the apertura llip ,which widens as a tooth-like projection into cal-umbilical. Largest diameter of holotype 0.34 mm., of the umbilica larea .I twould appear tha tthese morphotypes may figured paratype 0.66 mm.” (Bolli, 1957a:77.) be related to G. planoconica. The morphologic range of this Diagnostic Characters. —Distinct keel, sharply angled species and its relationship to other species in the Eocene needs axial periphery, spiroconvex test, and narrow umbilicus furth setrudy. distinguish species .Number of chambers in the ultimate whorl Stable Isotopes.—-N o data available. consistently 5 ,bu t6-chambered form rarely observed (Plate 38: Stratigraphic Range.—U pper Zone P4 to lower Eocene. Figur e4). Global Distribution. —As discussed above, the taxon¬ DISCUSSION .—There is considerable variation in the shape omy of this species needs further clarification before its of the equatoria lperiphery ,which varies from fairly smooth to distribution can be reliably plotted. At present ,a middle to low strongly lobulate, depending on the rate of size increase or latitud edistributio ni sprobable. decrease of the final few chambers in the ultimate whorl. ORIGIN of Species. —The strong imperforate peripheral STABLE Isotopes. — Globanomalina pseudomenardii has margin allies this species with the chapmani lineage and 5 I8 0 and 5 13 C similar to Parasubbotina varianta and S. suggests that it was derived from this species in upper Zone P4. velascoensis .The species has distinctly more positive 5 ls O and REPOSITORY. —Holotype (No. 4081) and paratypes (No. more negative S 13 C than Morozovella ,Acarinina ,and Igorina. 4082 ,4083) deposited in the micropaleontologica lcollections Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4. at VNIGRI (378/118), St. Petersburg. Holotype examined by Global Distribution. —Widely reported in the low to FR. middle latitudes (Figure 18). ORIGIN OF Species. —There is general agreement among workers tha tG .pseudomenardi ioriginated from G .ehrenbergi Globanomalina pseudomenardi i(Bolli ,1957) (= G .haunsbergensis Gohrbandt) by an increase in the test size Figure 18 ;Plate 14 :figures 5-7 ;Plate 38 :figures 1-16 and the development of a periphera lkeel .The species becomes extinct at the top of Zone P4. Globorota mliaembranac e(Eahrenberg).—Subbotin 1a9,53:20 p1 5f6ii,.g: . Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5061) and paratype 13a -[cPaleocen eT,arkhanku Pteninsul aC,rimea []i npar tn,o pt 1i.6 f:igs. 7a-12 [cN] ,Poltanuli nmaembranac eEahrenbe r1g8,54.] (USNM P5062) deposited in the Cushman Collection ,National Globorotal ipaseudomenard Biiol l1i,957a:7 7h,olotyp ep :2i. 0fi:g s1.4-16; Museum of Natural History. Examined by BTH and RKO. paratyp ep :2i. 0fi: g 1G .[7loborotal ipaseudomenard Ziion eL,izar Sdprings Fm .T,rinidad],—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:93 p, i4.7 f:ig 4.a- c[Zone P4 S, a lMt ountai nLimestone A, labama ]p, i4. 9 f:ig 6. a- c[lowe rZon eP4, Family Truncorotaloididae Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Homerstow nFm N., e wJersey ]p, 5i.4 f:ig s1.0a-13 [cZon eP 4V,incentown Fm .N, ew Jersey] p, i5. 9 f:ig 3. a- c[Zon eP4 A, qui aFm .M, aryland] p, i6. 0: (by W.A. Berggren, Ch. Hemleben, R.D. Norris, fig .8a- c[Zone P4 ,Nanafalia Fm. ,Alabama] ,pi .63 :fig .la- c[Zone P4, and R.K .Olsson) Velasco Fm. ,Mexico ][in part ,no tpi .45 :fig .10a-c].—Boll iand Cita, 1960:26 p, i3.3 f:ig 2.a - G[cloborotali apseudomenard iZione P,ademo Original Description. —“Primary aperture on the umbili¬ d’Ad sdeactio nno,rthe Irtnaly], ca lside ,and secondary apertures on spira lside.” (Loeblich and Globoro tGa (loiaboro tpa s)lieaudomenar dBioi lli.—Hillebran d1t9,62:126, Tappa n1,961:309.) p i1.2 f:igs 5.a-6 b[uppe Pr aleocen ebed so Rf eichhall-Salzbur gBasin, Diagnostic Characters. —Test, a low to moderately Austria].—Blow 1,979:892 p, i8.9 f:igs 1.- 5[Zon eP4 D, SD PHol e2 1A/3/5: elevated trochospire ,with o rwithou tperiphera lkeel ;chambers 74-7 6cm R; io Grand eRise S, outh Atlanti cOcean] p, i9. 4 f:igs 1. - 5[Zone P4 L, ind ai rea T, anzania ]p, i1. 08 f:igs 4. - 7[Zon eP4 D, SD PHol e20C/6/3: globular to conica lshaped ;wal lcancellate to muricate ,pustule 76-78 cm ;Brazi lBasin ,South Atlanti cOcean] ,pi .Ill :figs .1-4 ,pi .112: growth moderate to heavy, usually around umbilical area or figs 2. 3, 9, 1, 0 [Zone P4 M, oog lMi udstones P, apua ][in part n, o tp i1. 05: along a peripheral keel; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical- fig s 37.,-10]. extraumbilical, with or without lip, may have supplementary Planorotali tpeseudomenar Bdoiilli.—Nederbra ag nVt daHnin 1te9,87:587, apertures. p i1. f:igs 1. -1 6[Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e605/46/4,46/6 4, 6/3 5, 2/2 N; ew Jersey margi nw, ester Nnort Ahtlant iOc cean].—Nocc he ait l1.,991:26 9p , 1if.:igs. DISCUSSION. —This family tentatively includes Acarinina, 7- 9[Zon eP4 O, D PHol e698A/11R/CC n; ortheas Gt eorgi aRise S, outh Igorina, Morozovella, and Praemurica. As discussed in Atl aOncteican], “Phylogeny,” there are two views among the working group 46 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY / G. pseudotnenardii 180°W 135°W 90°W °4W5 45°E 90°E 135°E FIGU R1E8.—Paleobiogeograph mic asphowi ndgistributi oGnflobanomali npaseudomenar d(Biio Zlilnoi)ne P4. member son the relationship sbetween these genera (see Figure umbilica lshoulders surrounding aperture; aperture interio- 5a,b). The use of this family appears appropriate, for the time marginal ,umbilical-extraumbilical ,with or without thin lip. being ,unti lthese differences are resolved. Discussion .—The genus Acarinina was erected by Subbot¬ ina (1953) to include Paleogene taxa exhibiting morphologic Genus Acarinina Subbotina, 1953 features intermediate between Globigerina and Globorotalia ,such as species with rounded chambers ,spinose (muricate )test, TYPE Species. — Acarinina acarinata Subbotina, 1953 (= and an umbilical-extraumbilica laperture .Three groups were junior subjective synonym of Globigerina nitida Martin, origina dlliystinguished: 1943). Original Description. —“Test always strongly inflated, 1. Acarininids with angular chambers (e.g., A. crassa- with chambers of the Globigerina type. Dorsal side slightly form i)s;2 .Acarininids with rounded chambers (e.g. ,A .acarinata)', flattened, strongly convex ventrally. There is always an 3 .Intermediate acarininids (e.g. ,A .conicotruncata). umbilicus; it may be small and barely discernible or large and very distinct .Periphera lmargin withou ta keel ,mos tfrequently Subsequen tauthor shav equestioned th einheren tmorphologi¬ rounded .Chamber ssometime sclosely adjacen tto one another, cal homogeneity of this group by considering Acarinina to be but in many species the chambers are loosely arranged. a synonym for taxa as phylogenetically distinct as Turborotalia Aperture slitlike ,along the margina lsuture ,often without a lip. and Globorotalia .As conceived herein ,Acarinina is character¬ Wall coarsely spinose; on the ventral side, near the umbilicus, ized by rounded to subangular, unkeeled chambers that are the spines are longer than on the remainder of the test.” covered with coarse pustules (muricae) ,which become dense, (Subbotina ,1953:219 ;translated from Russian.) enlarged, and spike-like on the umbilical surface around the Diagnostic Characters. —Test, a moderate to low tro- aperture. The heavy growth of pustules form deep funnel- chospire; chambers ovoid shaped, generally with 4-6 cham¬ shaped entrances to the pores and may also partially or bers in final whorl, occasionally 7 or more; wall moderately to completely close the pores. In Paleocene forms, the aperture strongly muricate with moderate to strong pustule growth on has a very thin lip or none at all. NUMBE 8R5 47 Acarinina coalingensis (Cushman and Hanna, 1927) Diagnostic Characters.—R obust test, 3-4 chambered Plate 39 :figure s1-16 final whorl ,compact ,subquadrate {primitiva morphotype) to subtriangular (coalingensis morphotype) ,strongly and bluntly Globigerin caoalingens iCsushma nan dHann a1,927:20 5p ,1i. 4f:ig [4l.ower muricate test; peripheral margin broadly rounded, less com¬ Eocene C, alifornia],—Mallory 1, 959:46 p, i3. 4 f:ig 6.[lowe rEocene, California], monly subangular in edge view; chambers arranged at distinct Globoquadrin parimiti vFainla 1y9, 47:29 p 1f8i,:g. 1s2. 9-134.—Homibrook, right angles to each other and usually separated by deep, 1953:43 7[middl eEocene N, ew Zealand],—Jenkin s1,965:1124 f,ig 9. incised sutures (particularly between preantepenultimate and [outli nderawin oFgifnlay h’solotype], antepenultimate chambers) on umbilical side, and increase Globigerin aprimitiv a(Finlay).—Bronniman 1,952:11 p, i1 .f:igs 1.0-12 rapidly in size; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical- [Soldad aon dLizar dSpring Fsms T.,rinidad],—Bel l1i,957a:7 1p ,1i. 5f:igs. extraumbilical. 6 -[8Globorotal irae Zxon eT,rinidad], DISCUSSION .—There are two basi cmorphotype stha tcharac¬ Acarinin atriple xSubbotina 1, 953:230 p, i2. 3 f:igs 1. - 5[holotype from Globorota lmiaarginodenta Staubzo nGoefloborota lsiuabbotin aZeone, terize this robust and strongly muricate species: a form with a lowe rEocene K, hie uRive rN, al’chik n, orther nCaucasus].—Blow, triangular-subquadrat eappearanc echaracterize db y(predomi¬ 1979:963 p, i9.7 f:igs 8 . 9[,Zon eP5 L,ind earea T,anzania],—Pearso ne at l., nantly )globular chambers (typified by Globigerina coalingen¬ 1993:125 ,pi .1 :figs .11 ,12 [Zone P I1 ,middle Eocene ,DSDP Hole 523, sis Cushman and Hanna, 1927, and its junior synonym Sout hAtlanti cOcean],—L uan dKeller 1, 995:102 p, i2. f:igs 4. 5,[Zon eAP Acarinina triplex Subbotina, 1953), and a form with a 6A l,owermos tEocene O; DP Hol e738C/9R/1 1: 5-1 7cm K; erguelen Plate asuo,uthe Irnnd iOancean]. subquadrate to quadrate appearance characterized by straight Globigerin inaaequispi rSaubbotina.—Loebli cahn Tdappa 1n9, 57 1a8: p1i,. and circumumbilically pointed, smooth (nonmuricate) glo- 61 f:ig 3[.Zon eP4 u, ppe Pr aleocene N, anafali aFm .A, labama []i npar tn, ot boquadrinid-like chambers (typified by Globoquadrina primi¬ pi .49 :fig .2a-c ,pi .52 :figs .la-2c ,pi .56 :fig .7a-c ,pi .62 :fig .2a-c] ,[Not tiva Finlay, 1947). These two morphotypes have been Subbo 1t9in5a3,.] synonymized by some workers (Berggren, 1977) and distin¬ Globorotal i(aAcarin ipn )raimitiv (aFinlay).—Hillebrand 1t9, 62:14 p1 1,i.4: figs 2. 4,[Zon eG l,owe rEocene A, ustria].—Blow 1, 979:949 p, i1. 43 f:igs. guished by others (Pearson et al., 1993; Pearson, 1993). After 6- 9[Zon eP8 l,owe rEocene D, SD PHol e20C/5/4 7: 7-7 9cm B; raz iBl asin, having considered these forms synonymous ,Berggren (1977) Sout hAtlant iOc cean ]p, 2i.49 f:ig s1.- 4[lowe Brortonian m, iddl eEocene, distinguished them at Kerguelen Plateau sites based on the NZeawland], perception of their morphologic differences and different Pseudogloboquadri nparimiti v(Fainlay).—Jenkin 1s9, 65:112 f4[ in9g, o. s. stratigraphic ranges (Berggren, 1992). Our work described 81-8 (3holotype a)n d84-86 B;ortonian m, iddl eEocen eN, e wZealand]. Acarinin caoalingens (isCushma ann Hdanna).—Berggre n19, 69 b1:5 p2 1,i.: herein suggests that the earlier interpretation may be more fig s2.7-2 [9Zon Ne 1P1/1 2s,tratigraphical leyquivalen t tZoon Pe6/ 7lo; wer correct. One of us (WAB) has examined topotypic material of Eoce K n3a,etharinenh oFef,hma mno,rthe Grnermany],—Hub e1 rl9b,9:439, A .coalingensis (including the reillustrated holotype ,Berggren, p i3 .f:ig 2[.Zon eAP6b/AP7 lo, we Erocene O, D PHol e738C/6R 2:47.8 3msbf; 1977, pi. 10), A. primitiva, and the holotype and topotypes of A. Kerguele Pnlatea suo, uthe rIndia Oncean].—Berggre 1n9, 92:56 p 3f2 i,:g3. . triplex and now believes that these forms belong to a single [AcarininawilcoxensisZone,\ovjexE o74ce9nCe/1,O0RD/?lS:4\0te-44cm; Kergue lPelnate asuo,uthe Irnnd iOancean], taxon that exibits a gradual replacement through time of the Globorota lA i(acarinin t )ariple (xSubbotina).—Blow 1,979:96 3p ,9i. 7f:ig s8., coalingensis morphotype by the primitiva morphotype .Inas¬ [9Zon eP 5L,ind aire aT,anzania], much as consisten tdistinction between these two morphotypes Acarinin aprimitiv a(Finlay).—Sto tatn dKennet t1,990:559 p, 6i .f:ig s1.1 1,2 appears impossible, we believe it more appropriate to use a [Zon eAP8 l,owe rEocene O, D PHol e689B/21H/1 1: 10-11 4cm M; aud single name for this “taxon” and suggest that authors provide Ris eW, edde Slle aS,outher nOcean].-—Hube r1,99 b1:43 9p ,3 if.:ig [1.Zone AP10 m, iddl eEocene O, DP Sit e738B/15X 1: 26.7 0msbf K; erguelen carefu ldescriptions to denote the presence/developmen to fone Platea us,outher Inndia Oncean].—Berggre n1,992:56 3p ,2fi.i:g s[45Z.,one morphotype relative to the other should this prove useful for P6-7 O, D PHol e748B/18H/3 8:0-8 4cm K; erguele nPlateau s,outhern biostratigrap phuicrposes. India nOcean],—L uan dKelle r1,993:120 p, i3. f:igs 1. , 2[Zon eAP7 l,ower Stable Isotopes.—N o data available. Eocene O, D PHol e738C/5R/2 5:7-5 9cm K;erguele nPlateau s,outhern Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4c to Zone P14; coalin¬ India nOcean].—Pearso ne at l .1,993:125 p, i1 .f:ig 1. 9[Zon eP11 m, iddle gensis morphotype dominant over interva lof P5-P7/8. Eocen eD,SD HPo l5e2 3S,out hAtlant iOc cean]. Global Distribution. — Acarinina coalingensis has a Original Description. —“Test subglobular, the last three ^cosmopolitan distribution from the tropics to the Southern chambers making up nearly the whole periphery of the test, Ocean and from the open ocean into epicontinenta lseaways. early chambers largely concealed by the ornamentation which ORIGIN of Species. —We believe that Acarinina coalingen¬ is greatest over the early chambers; consisting of large sis has its closest affinities with (and is probably a direct projection bosses with a spinose surface, the succeeding descendant of) A. nitida from which it differs primarily in its chamber scovered with a progressively decreasing ornamenta¬ larger and more strongly muricate test, reduced number of tion, the last-formed chamber with only a few short slender chambers, and more pronounced involute coiling. It is also spines; aperture small, in the slightly open umbilicus of the possible thatzl .coalingensis originated from the A .subsphaer- ventral side. Diameter 0.60 mm.” (Cushman and Hanna, ica-A. mckannai group because these taxa are also character¬ 1927:205.) ized by well-developed large muricae on the umbilica lsurface, 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTION STO PAL LBj IOLOGY a feature that would have evolved twice if A. coalingensis DISCUSSION. — Acarinina mckannai is one of the most evolved independently from A .nitida. common and broadly distributed upper Paleocene acarininids REPOSITORY.— Museum of the California Academy of and is easily recognized by its large, globular, muricate test Sciences ,San Francisco (No. 2548). with generally 5 to 6 chambers in the final whorl. This species is closely allied with A. subsphaerica, and, indeed, complete Acarinina mckannai (White, 1928) intergradation exists between them in spire height ,umbilicalsize ,and the number of chambers in the fina lwhorl .Shutskaya Figure 19 ;Plate 40 :figures 1-16 (1958, 1970a) figured a large number of specimens as A. Globigerin amckanna Wi hite 1, 928:194 p, i2. 7 f:ig 1. 6a- c[Velasc oFm., subsphaerica, some of which are clearly referable to A. Mexico].—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:81 p, i4.7 f:ig 7.a- [cZon eP4 S,alt mckanna idue to their low spire height. Mountai nFm .A, labama ]p, i5. 3 f:igs l.a-2 c[Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm., Stable Isotopes.— Acarinina mckannai has 5 18 0 slightly New Jersey] ,pi .57 :fig .8a- c[Zone P4 ,Aquia Fm. ,Virginia] ,pi .62 :figs. more negative than coexisting morozovellids, such as M. 5a-6c [Zone P4 ,Velasco Fm. ,Tamaulipas ,Mexico] ,pi .62 :fig .7a-c velascoensis, and shows no size related trends in 5 18 0 [designate dlectotype C,olumbi aUniversit Ny o 1.9878 V,elasc oFm., Mexico], (Shackleton et al., 1985). The 5 13 C of A. mckannai is much Globorotali amckanna (iWhite).—Boll i1, 957a:79 p, i1. 9 f:igs 1. 6-18 more positive than that of Subbotina and is similar to, or [Globorotali apseudomenard iZione l,owe Lrizar dSpring Fsm .T,ri¬ slightly more negative than, that of Morozovella and Igorina nidad],—Boll iand Cita ,1960:383 ,pi .33 :fig .6a-c [Globorotalia (Shackleton e tah ,1985). velascoen sZiosn Pea,dem do’Add nao, rthe Irtnaly]. Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4a to lower Zone P4c. Globorota l(iAacarinin ma)ckann (aWi hite).—Hillebran d1t9,62:14 p10i4,.: figs 8. a-10 c[Zon e F =Globorotali avelascoensi sZone R, eichenhall- GLOBAL Distribution. — Acarinina mckannai is a broadly Salzbur Bgasi nA,ustro-Germa bnorder],—Jenkin s1,971:8 2p ,3if.i:gs. distributed species in the tropical to subtropical oceans. 89-9 [3Waipawa Sntag eM, idd lWe aipa rRaiv esrectio nN.e wZealand], Specimens have been reported from the high southern latitudes Acarini nmackann (aWi hite).—Krasheninnik oavn Hdoskin 1s9, 73:11 p62i,:. (Huber ,1991b) ,although these are neithe ras coarsely muricate figs 6. - 8G[ loborotali avelascoensi sZone D, SD PSit e199/8 C; aroline nor as inflated as typical low-latitude representatives of the Abyss Pala iena, ste rEnquator iPaal ci fOiccean],—Toumarki naen Lduter- bache r1,985:116 t,ext-fig 1. 8[3a-c r,eillustratio no Bf oll i1,957a p, i1.9: specie s(Figur e19). figs .16-18 ;5a-c r, eillustration o fholotype from White 1, 928 ;6a-c, ORIGIN OF Species .— Acarinina mckanna ievolved from A. specime fnro mnorther Cnaucasu isllustrate bd Syhutskay a1,95 8[ i]pnart, subsphaerica by a reduction in spire height and an increase in no 4ta- cr,eillustratio no hfolotyp eo Gf lobogerin asubsphaeric aSub- whorl expansion rate. These taxa are the first acarininds to botina].—Lu and Keller 1, 993:118 p, i2. f:igs 1. 4-1 6[Zon eAP4 u, pper acquire a coarsely pustulose (muricate )ornamentation on the Paleocen Oe,D HPo 7le38C/11R/C CK;erguele Pnlatea uso, uthe rIndian Ocean], umbilical surface. Acarinina subsphaerica appears before A. Muricoglobigerin ma ckann a(Wi hite).—Belfor d1,984:1 3p ,2i. 2fi: g4.08 mckanna iin our materia land retains the slightly anguloconic [uppe Praleocen eW, ABA GShe eatre aP,apu aN,e wGuinea].—Sto tatnd test shape of A .nitida ,suggesting that A .subsphaerica is more Kennett 1, 990:559 p, i .3 :figs .7 8, [Zone AP6 O, DP Hole 690B/17H/5: primitive than A .mckannai. 36-4 c0m M; au dRis eW, ede Slle aS,outher nOcean]. Repository. —Columbia University Paleontology Collec¬ Acarinin paraecursor iMa orozova.—Hube r1,99 b1:43 9p ,1if.i:g s3. -[5Zone AP5 O, D PHol e738C/16R 3:32.1 5mbs fK; erguele nPlateau s,outhern tion (No. 19878); collection now at the American Museum of India Oncean []N, oMtorozov 1a9, 57.] Natural History, New York. Examined by WAB. Original Description. —“Test rotaliform, dorsal side slightly convex ,ventra lside very convex ,umbilicate ,periphery Acarinina nitida (Martin, 1943) rounded; chambers usually six in the last whorl, gradually Plate 12 :figures 1-3 ;Plate 41 :figures 1-16 increasing in size ,closely appressed ;sutures distinct ,deep ,not Globigerin naitid Ma arti n1,943:11 5p , 7if.i: gla. -[cMorozovel lsaubbotinae limbate; wall granular or subspinose, very finely perforate; Zon Leo, d Fom C.,alifornia]. aperture an elongate opening extending from the umbilicus Acarinina acarinata Subbotina 1, 953:229 p, i2. 2 :figs 4. 5, 8, 1, 0 [ ?figs 6. 7, , about half way to the peripheral margin. Diameter of type 9[]zon oecfompresse gdloborotaliid sG;loborotal icarassa tSaubzon =eZon Pe t5h ipsape rK,hie uRive srection N, al’chi kn,orther nCaucasus].— specimen, 0.4 mm; height, 0.3 mm.” (White, 1928:194.) Shutskaya 1, 970b 1: 18 2, 28 p, i2. 7 f:ig 1. 3a- cA[ carinin a carinat aZone, Diagnostic Characters. —Test large, 4 V 2-6 chambers in Tarkhan kPuetninsu Clari,mea],—Krasheninnik a oHnvodsk i1n9s7, 3:116, final whorl, moderate to low spired, final chamber often p i1 .f:ig s1.- G3[ loborotali avelascoens iZsone D, SD PSit e199/8 C; aroline curving partly over umbilicus in high-spired variants ;strongly Abyss Pala iwn,este rPnaci fOiccean], muricate on umbilical surface with deep, funnel-shaped Globigerin astone Wi eiss 1, 955:18 p, i5. f:igs 1. 6-1 8[holotype m; iddlePaleocene P, eru []i npar tn, o pt i5 .f:igs 1.9-21], entrances to pores over the rest of test; chambers slowly Globorotal iwahit eWi eiss.—Bol l1i,957a:7 9p ,1i. 9fi:g s1.0- 1G [2loborotalia increasing in size in final whorl; peripheral margin rounded, pseudomenard Ziion elo, we Lrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad []N, o Wt eiss, with chambers elongate parallel to coiling axis as well as 1955.] elongate in direction of coiling; sutures deep, straight, and Globigerin ca Gf .s.oldadoens iBsronnimann.—Loeblic ahn Tdappan, incised on umbilical surface, gently depressed on spiral side 1957a 1: 82 p, i5. 3 f:ig 4. a- c[Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .N, ew Jersey] [.NotBronnim 19a5n2n.,] and slightly curved; umbilicus deep and large; aperture Globorot aA l(icaarin ian )caarina taacarina t(aSubbotina)._Blo w19, 79:904, interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilica lwithou ta lip. fig 7.[Zon eP 5o Bf low 1, 97 9 =Subzon eP4 cthi spaper T; anzania], NUMBE 8R5 49 90°E 135°E FIGUR 1E 9— P. aleobiogeograph imc a sphowin dgistributio o nAfcarinin ma ckann a(Wi hite iZn) one Ps a4n Pd5. Original Description. —“Test subglobular, more convex and Luterbacher, 1985). It is one of the earliest acarininids ventrally than dorsally; wall calcareous, finely perforate, appearing together with A .subsphaerica at the base of Zone P4. completely covered with numerous fine papillae giving a Acarinina nitida represents an intermediate stage between the granular appearance; periphery broadly rounded, slightly weakly muricate A .strabocella and the more strongly muricate lobulate; all chambers exposed on dorsal side, only last whorl upper Paleocene acarininids .Subbotina (1953 )considered that of five visible on ventral side; chambers inflated, increasing acarinata ranged up to the base of her zone of conicalgloborotaliids (= P6a/b boundary of this work). Our observa¬ rapidly in size as added, last chamber extending slightly tions agree more closely with Blow (1979), who indicated its beyond previous ones, overhanging on ventral side to form a LAD occurs in his Zone P5 or possibly lower P6. depressed umbilica larea ;dorsa lsutures more or less distinct, The holotype of Acarinina intermedia Subbotina, 1953 nearly straight, slightly depressed; apertural face of last (Plate 12: Figures 4-6), is a poorly preserved specimen with a chamber flat ,aperture a narrow slit extending from umbilicus missing ultimate chamber and an obscured umbilicus. The about halfway along base of chamber toward periphery genera lmorphology of this specimen shows four chambers in bordered on outer edge by a slight lip .Maximum diameter 0.29 the ultimate whorl and heavily muricate umbilical shoulders mm; minimum diameter 0.28 mm; maximum thickness 0.28 suggesting a linkage to nitida. Acarinina nitida has also been mm.” (Martin ,1943:115.) previously identified under different names (see synonomy )by Diagnostic Characters. —Compact, small, trochospiral, Weiss (1955), Bolli (1957a), and Loeblich and Tappan (1957a). subcircular to subquadrate tes twith 4 (rarely 5 )rounded ,tightly Stable Isotopes. — Acarinina nitida has S 18 0 values packed, radially compressd and axially elongate chambers; similar to co-existing morozovellids, such as M. velascoensis early whorls raised above surface of last whorl; surface and M. subbotinae, and shows a slight negative size-trend in moderately muricate ,particularly on umbilica lside ,with deep, 5 I8 0 (D’Hondt et al., 1994). The 8 13 C of A. nitida is much more funnel-shape dentrance ts opores. positive than that of Subbotina and is similar to that of Discussion. —This form is generally recognized to be a Morozovella (D’Hondt et al. ,1994). senior synonym of Acarinina acarinata (Subbotina), type Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4a to lower Zone P4c. species of the genus Acarinina (Stainforth et al., 1975; Global Distribution. —This form is geographically wide¬ Luterbacher, 1975b; Berggren, 1977, who compared the spread in (sub)tropica lregions and has been reported from high holotype of nitida with topotypes of acarinata ; Toumarkine southern latitudes on the Kerguelen Plateau (Huber ,1991b )and 50 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY Maud Rise, Weddell Sea (Stott and Kennett, 1990) at 62° S and apertures of the latter formed chambers. The subglobular 65 °S ,respectively. chambers increase gradually in size. They are rounded to Origin OF Species. — Acarinina nitida is related to unkeeled slightly flattened peripherally and distinctly elongate in the morozovellids with which the acarininids share a similar direction of the axis of the test. At the umbilical side the ornamentation consisting o fdeep funnel-shaped entrances to chambers tend to be somewhat pointed .The end chamber can the pores, short, weakly developed muricae at the interpore be smaller than the penultimate one or even rudimentary. ridges ,deeply incised sutures ,and a tendency toward slightly Except for the indistinct sutures of the early ontogenetic stage, anguloconical chambers in the final whorl. Acarinina nitida is those of the spiral side are deep and curved in the direction of derived from A. strabocella from which it differs in having only coiling, or they are oblique giving the impression of an four chambers in the final whorl, more involute coiling, and a overlapping arrangement of the chambers .The sutures of the more coarsely muricate surface texture .Boll i(1957a) and Blow umbilical side are straight throughout. The large arcuate (1979) suggested that Globorotalia whitei/A. acarinata, re¬ apertures o fthe las tformed chambers are provided with minute spectively ,was the ancestor of A. wilcoxensis and we concur. liplike boarders. The wall are perforate and rather thick. The Repository. —Holotype (No. 7400) in Stanford University surface is covered with irregularly distributed papillae which Paleontological Type Collection. Paratypes deposited in the are stronger and more prominent on the early chambers of the National Museum of Natural History (USNM 559454); the adult whorl; they are absent or weakly developed near the University of California, Berkeley (No. 35066); the American aperture of the end chamber. The species is predominantly Museum of Natural History (No. MT-1015); the California coiled sinistrally.” (Bronnimann ,1952:7.) Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (No. 7877); and the Diagnostic Characters. —Low trochoid, moderately ev- Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, N.Y. Paratypes olute test of 4-5 moderately to strongly muricate, rounded examined by WAB. chambers distinctly elongated in the axis of coiling; final chamber often reduced in size; lobulate periphery; deep and relatively wide umbilicus revealing (in some individuals) Acarinina soldadoensis (Bronnimann ,1952) earlier chambers and their arcuate foramina ;sutures on spiral Figure 20 ;Plate 15 :figures 4 ,7 ,8 ;Plate 42 :figures 1-16 side deep and curved and/or tangentia lin direction of coiling, Globigerin asoldadoensi sBronnimann 1,952:7 9 ,p, i1 .f:igs 1. - 9[Lizard chambe rosfte onverlapping. Spring Fsm T.,rinidad t;yp elocalit oy Gf lobigerin avelascoens iZson eof Discussion. —This taxon is characterized by a test com¬ Boll i1, 957a:6 4 =Zon eP 5thi spaper],—Boll i1, 957a:71 p, i1. 6 f:igs 7. -9 posed of 4 to 5 chambers arranged in a relatively loose (lax) [ ?figs 1. 0-12 G[] loborotali aformos aZone u, ppe rLizar dSpring sFm., coil, resulting in a relatively open and deep umbilicus and Trinidad ]1;957b 1:6 2p ,3i. 5fi: g9.a -[cGloborotaliapalmera Zeon eN,avet moderate to strong lateral chamber compression (giving an FTmrin.,idad]. Acarinin aclar aKhalilov 1,956:250 p, i5 .f:ig 4[.uppe Pr aleocene A, khcha- angulate appearance to the peripheral margin of some ku nmoirat,hea sAtezernrbaizhan], chambers), which culminates in the descendant angulate Globorota Al i(caarin isn )oaldadoens (isBronnimann).—Hillebrandt, species angulosa. Acarinina clara Khalilov (1956) from the 1962:142 ,pi .14 :figs .5 ,6 [Zone G = Zone P6 this paper ;Reichenhall- upper Paleocene of Azerbaizhan exhibits the typica llobulate Salzbur Bgasi nA,ustro-Germa bnorder],—Jenkin s1,971:7 3p ,4fi.i,gs. tes tand elongated chambe rmorphology o fA soldadoensis and 94 -G 9[l8obigerin tariloculinoid eZson We,aipawa Sntag Me,idd Wleaipara Riv eserctio Nn,e Zwealand], is herein regarded as a junior synonym of this species. Acarinin saoldadoens (isBronnimann).—Berggre n1,97 b1:7 6p 5f,ii.:g 1s.-3 Stable Isotopes.—-N o data available. [Morozovell avelascoensi sZone D, SD PHol e20C/6/4 5:- 7cm S;outh Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4c to Zone P9. Atlanti cOcean].—Huber 1, 99 1b:439 p, i2. f:ig 1. 6[Zon eAP6a l,ower Global Distribution. —This species has a widespread Eocen eO,D HPo l7e38C/10 R2:75.2 m5 sb Kf;erguele Pnlatea us,outhern geographi cdistribution from equatoria tlo subantarcti cregions In Odicaenan], Muricoglobiger sinoaldadoen ssoilsdadoen (Bsirsonnimann).—Blow, (Figur 2e0). 1979:1120 p, i9. 8 f:igs 1. - 3[sampl eFORM 1670 Z, on eP 5o fBlow 1, 97 9= ORIGIN OF Species. — Acarinina soldadoensis is a sister Zone P4 cthi spaper ;Lind ai rea T, anzania] p, i1. 07 :figs 1. -5 [Zone P6 of taxon to A. mckannai from which it differs in being somewhat Blow 1, 979 D; SDP Hol e20C/6/3 7: 6-7 8cm S; outh Atlanti cOcean] p, i. more evolute and in having more umbilically elongate 109 :fig 8. [Zone P6 D, SDP Hole 47.2/8/4 :78-81 cm] p, i1. 10 :fig 1. [Zone chambers. P6 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/4 :78-81 cm] ,pi .124 :figs .1 ,3 ,5 [Zone P7 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :83-85 cm] ,pi .131 :figs .1-3 ,6 [Zone P8 ,DSDP Hole Repository.— Holotype (USNM 370085) deposited in the 47.2/8/ 27:1-7 c3m S;hats kRyis en,orthweste rPnacif Oiccean],—Sto attnd Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. Kennett ,1990:559 ,pi .3 :figs .1 ,4 [Zone AP5 ,ODP Hole 689B/22X/5: Examined by WAB. 110-11 c4m M; au Rdis eW, edde Slle aS,outher Oncean], Original Description. —“The low trochoid test is com¬ Acarinina strabocella (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957) posed of about two volutions .The four-chambered ,occasion¬ Figure 21 ;Plate 15 :figures 1-3 ;Plate 43 :figures 1-16 ally five-chambered adult is lobulate in typica lspecimens .The spiral side is centrally more or less elevated, the umbilical side Globorota alinagula (tWa hi tve ap)rr.aepentacamera Sthautska y1a9,56:94,95 p, i3 .f:ig 3[.Acarinin apraepentacamarat aZone E,lburga nFm .K,hieu is convex .The umbilicus is large and deep showing the arcuate Ri vsercti onno,rthe Cranucasus]. NUMBE 8R5 51 180°W 135°W 90°W 45°W 45°E 90“E 135°E FIGU R2 E—0.Paleobiogeograph mic asphowin dgistributio oAnfcarini nsaoldadoens (iBsronniman nZino) nes P a5n dP6. Globorotali astrabocell aLoeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:95 p, i6.1 f:ig 6.a-c imbricated appearance ;suture sdistinct ,depressed ,curved and [Nanaf aF lAmiala.,bama]. oblique on the spiral side, radial and nearly straight on the Globorot aplriaepentacamer Sahtautskaya.—Luterbach 1e9r6, 4: 64 p60i5:. , fig 4 .[5Acarinin taadjikistanens idsjanens iZson eE,lburga nFm K.,hieu umbilical side; wall calcareous, finely perforate, surface finely Riv enro,rthe Crnaucasu tso;poty pdetermin ebSdhyutskaya], spinose, especially on the umbilical side; aperture an interio- Acarin ipnra epentacamer a(Stahutskaya).—Shutska 1y9a7, 01b18: -1 p20i., marginal, extraumbilical-umbilical opening extending to the 21 f:ig s 81. ,[0Acarinin paraepentacamerat Zaon eC,haldzhi nFm M., alyi periphery. Balkhan w, ester nTurkmenia ]p, i2.2 f:ig 2[.lowe srubzon eo Af carinina tadjikistanens disjanens Zison Leo, w eDranat iMnb rM.,a lByialkha Rnidge, “Holotype is 0.33 mm in greatest diameter.” (Loeblich and wester nTurkmenia].—Sto tatn dKennet t1,990:55 8p, 4 if.:ig s 91. ,[0Zone Tappan 1, 957a 1: 95.) A4 ,ODP Hole 689B/23X/1 :108-112 cm ;Maud Rise ,Weddel lSea, Diagnostic Characters. —Five to 6 chambered, nearly Souther nOcean].—Hube r1,99 1b:439 p, i2 .f:ig s1., 2[Zon eAP5 O, D PHole circular test with weakly lobulate outline; axial periphery 738C/11 2R8: 6. 0m4sb Kfe; rguel ePnlatea suo, uthe rIndi aOncean], Globorotal i Aa( carinin sa)trabocell aLoeblic han dTappan.—Jenkins, broadly rounded to subangular, chambers on umbilical side 1971:84 p, i4. f:igs 1.02-10 4[Globigerin atriloculinoide sZone l,ower moderately convex ,early whorls on spira lside elevated above Waipaw aStna gNe e,Zwealand]. later whorl(s); umbilicus usually broad and open exposing Acarinin apraeangulat a(Blow).—Hube r1,991a:439 p, i1 .f,igs 6 .7[,Zone earlier whorls; test weakly pustulose (muricate) over entire AP4 O, D PHol e738C/16R 3:32.1 5mbs fK; erguele nPlateau s,outhern surface ,aperture an interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilical India Oncean []N, oBtlow 1,979.] slit. Original Description. —“Test free, of medium size, DISCUSSION. —Shutskaya (1956; see also 1970a, 1970b) trochospiral, sides moderately convex, umbilical shoulder described Globorotalia angulata var .praepentacamerata from rounded, umbilicus broad and open, periphery broadly the lower Paleocene of the northern Caucasus and showed that rounded, peripheral outline lobulate; chambers increasing it had a wide distribution in the southwestern part of the former gradually in size as added ,of greater breadth than height ,4 per Sovie tUnion .Luterbacher (1964:665 )suggested tha tGloboro¬ whorl in the early stages, increasing to 5 or 6 per whorl in the talia strabocella Loeblich and Tappan may be a junior adult, early whorls somewhat elevated above the level of the synonym .We agree with this assessmen tparticularly inasmuch final whorl, each successive chamber on the spiral side added as comparison of our material with the holotype of G. somewhat below the level of that preceding, resulting in an strabocella at the NMNH shows them to be morphologically 52 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY A. strabocella 180°w 135°W 90°W 45°W 45°E 90°E 135°E FIGUR 2 E—1. Paleobiogeograph mica sphowin dgistributio oAnfcarinin satraboce l(laLoebli cahn Tdappa nin) Zo Pn3e. similar. In view of the fact that there is no original (type) Origin of Species. —The origin of the first Acarinina materia lremaining of Shutskaya’s taxon (nor of any other taxa species is somewhat obscure .The wal lsurface of A .strabocella that she described, for that matter, with rare exception), we is smooth with simple and coalescent pustules (Plate 5: Figure prefer to use the name strabocella for this taxon because of the 1) that become more heavily developed on the older part of the fact that there is well-preserved type material at a readily test. The origin of this species may be linked with the accessible museum (the NMNH in Washington) ,which aids in moderately pustulose Morozovella praeangulata in the lower stabilizin tgh neomenclature. part of Zone P3 and may have diverged from early forms of this Shutskaya (1970b: 118, 120, fig. 13) showed that A. species. Alternatively, A. strabocella may have evolved from praepentacamerata is restricted to the A .praepentacamerata Praemurica inconstans by developing a tighter coi land a lower Zone and the lower subzone of the overlying A .tadjikistanensis rate of chamber enlargement. In any case, A. strabocella djanensis Zone in the southwestern part of the former Soviet represents the stem form o fthe acarininid radiation .Reduction Union [= Zone P3 (middle part) to ? P4 [lower part)]. This is of the number of chambers in the fina lwhor land the increased similar to our observations .The forms referred to A .wilcoxen- development of muricae are seen in the derivation of A. nitida sis strabocella from Zones P6-P8b by Blow (1979:970, pis. from A strabocella. 114, 129, 132, 251) are considered unrelated to strabocella ; they differ in their more evolute coiling, flatter spiral coil, and Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5879) and paratypes strongly muricate ornament .They represent a younger ,more (USNM CC38526) deposited in the Cushman Collection, advanced acarininid morphology than that seen in A. strab¬ National Museum of Natural History. Examined by WAB and ocella. In fact, we view A strabocella as representing the stem RDN. form of the acarininid radiation that occurred at the P3-P4 zon tarlansition. Stable Isotopes.—N o data available. Acarinina subsphaerica (Subbotina, 1947) Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3 (lower part) to Zone P4 Figure 22 ;Plate 15 :figures 9 ,10 ;Plate 44 :figures 1-16 (low eprart). Globigerin saubsphaeric Saubbotin a1,947:10 8p 5,fii.:g s2.6-2 [8holotype: Global Distribution. —Northern middle latitudes to the Globigerina e xgr c. anariensi sZone A, ssu Rive rsection n, orthern Southern Ocean (Figure 21). Caucasus p] , 5if.:ig s2.3-2 [5zon oe cfompresse dgloborotaliid sO, setiya, NUMBE 8R5 53 Ass uRive srection n,orther nCaucasus ]1;953:5 9p, 2 if.:ig 1.5a -[cholotype sphaerical, globular shape. Umbilicus narrow, deep, and refigured].—Shutskay a1,956:9 1p 3,fi i.: [g1h.olotyp fero mForaminiferal Be (dFI z),on o ecfompresse gdloborotaliid sA,ss Ruive srectio nn,orthern surrounded by coarse pustules (muricae). Usually with a Caucasus a, ls orecorde dfrom equivalen ltevel si nAss uRive rsection, diminutive fina lchamber with an arched aperture. Ose tniyoar,th Cearnucasus]. DISCUSSION. —The strongly conical spire and small ,tightly Globoconus aquadripartitaformi sKhalilov 1, 956:249 p, i5. f:ig 3. a-c coiled muricate test makes this one of the most distinctive taxa [holotype No .238 ,sample 35 (1946) ,foothills o fMaly iCaucasus, of the middle Paleocene. Yet it remains one of the least Azerbaizhan], Globigerin achascanon aLoeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:80 p, i4.9 f:ig 5.a-c understood taxa among the acarininids. Although Subbotina [holotype lo, we Zron eP 4u,ppermos Ht omerstow nFm N., e wJersey []in described subsphaerica as resembling “a slightly bursting part ,no tpi .49 :fig .4a-c ,pi .61 :fig .8a-c], chestnut” (1947:108), she also indicated that the test is Globigerin sapiral iBsolli.—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:8 2p ,4i.7 f:ig 3.a-c “reticulate ,finely porous,” but she made no mention of its most [Zon eP4 S, a lMt ountai nLimestone A, labama ]p, i4. 9 f:ig 3. a- c[Zon eP4, distinctive character: its high conical spire. In fact, Subbotina Homerstow nFm .N, ew Jersey ]p, i5.1 f:igs 6.a-9 c[Zon eP4 V, incentown Fm .N, ew Jersey ]p, i5. 3 f:ig 3. a- c[Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .N, ew Jersey], (1953:53) retained subsphaerica among her “polythalamous [N oBto l1li9, 57a.] species of Globigerina ” characterized by possessing five or Acarinin saubsphaeri c(aSubbotina).—Shutskay 1a9, 58:8 p9f2i,g:. 1s2. -14, more closely packed chambers in the last whorl (together with p i3 .f:igs 1.- 3[a lfligure dspecimen sfrom Nal’chi kHorizon S,unzh aRiver such taxa as edita Subbotina, compressa Plummer, pseudob- section G, roznens Ok blas tn,orther nCaucasus []i npar tn,o pt 2 if.:ig s6.-11, ulloides Plummer, postcretacea Mjatliuk, and tarchanensis pi. 3: figs. 4-21 = Acarinina mckannai]-, 1960:249, pi. 2: fig. 8; 1970b 1:18—120 p, 2i .f:ig 8.a- [cAcarinin acarinat aZone K,acha nStage, Subbotina and Chutzieva). This oversight is difficult to Belbe Rkive rB,akhchisara Ryegio ns,outhwester nCrimea p] , 6if.:ig 3.a-c comprehend and may be partly ascribed to the poor state of [Globorota laiaeq uZaon Bea, khchisaray aSntag Bee, lb eRkive Bra, khchis¬ preservation (recrystallized tests) of most northern Caucasus ara Ryegio ns,outhwester Cnrimea p] 2,i .6fi: g3.a -[cAcarinin saubsphaer¬ Paleocene material. It remained for Shutskaya (1958) to ic Zaon eN,al’ch iRkegio nK,hie Ruive nr,orther Cnaucasus]. provide the first adequate characterization of this taxon, to Acarinin afalsospiral iDs avidzo nan dMorozova 1,964:26 2,8 p, i1 .f:ig 5.a-c [uppe Praleocen eu,ppe Brukhar Baed slo, we Krarata Hgorizo nT,utkaul clearly illustrate the high degree of variability in this taxon Villag Sea,ng lRakang Tea,dzh Dikepressio Tna,dzhikistan], (Shutskaya, 1958, 1970a), in particular, its distinctive high Acarinin ma icrosphaeric Ma orozov iaMn orozov aK,ozhevnikov a,nd spire, and to transfer it to its appropriate home in the genus Kuryleva 1, 967:195 p, i6. f:igs 3. 4,[Thanetia nStage u, ppe rPaleocene, Acarinina. In fact, Morozova (1958, fig. 5), in a paper dealing Kac hRaiv eCrr,imea]. with the morphologic characters important in the classification Globorota A l(icaarin isn u)absphaeri c(aSubbotina).—Blo w19, 79:96 p 09,i1. : figs 4. - 6[Zon eP4 D, SD PHol e2 1A/3/6 7: 4-7 6cm S; out hAtlanti cOcean], of Paleogene taxa of the Globigerinidea, observed that the p i.92 :figs .1-3 [Zone P4 D, SDP Hole 47.2/9/5 :74-76 cm ;Shatsk yRise, microspheric generation among “globigerinids” typically pos¬ northwes tPear ncOifciecan], sess a higher spire and more whorls of chambers than Muricoglobiger icnhaascano (nLaoebl iac Tnhadppan).—Blo 1w9,79:11 2p6i., megalospheric forms ,and she cited Globigerina subsphaerica 91 :figs .1 ,2 [lower Zone P4 ,DSDP Hole 21 A/3/6 :74-76 cm ;South Subbotina as a good illustration of this feature. Atlanti cOcean ]p, i9. 2 f:ig 3.[Zon eP4 D, SD PHol e47.2/9/5 7: 0-7 2cm ]p, i. 93 :figs .7-9 p, i .235 :figs .1-3 [Zone P4 D, SDP Hole 47.2/9/3 :70-72 cm], This taxon has been considered a junior synonym of p i1. 01 :figs 5. 6 ,[Zone P5 D, SDP Hole 47.2/9/1 :64-66 cm ;Shatsk yRise, Acarinina mckannai (White) by some workers (Hillebrandt, northwes tPear cnOifciecan]. 1962; Krasheninnikov and Ponikarov, 1965; Stainforth et al., Acarinin cahascanon (aLoeblic ahn Tdappan).—Hube 1r,99 b1:43 9p ,2fi.i:g. 1975; Berggren, 1977) because of their supposed similarity. 3[Zon eAP4 O, DP Hol e738C/15R 3: 22.0 7msbf K; erguelen Plateau, The latter is distinguished by its significantly larger test, souther nIndia nOcean []i npar tn, o pt i2 .f:ig 4. ][,No Ltoeblic han dTappan, 1957a.] relatively low spire ,and more evolute coiling pattern resultingin a wide and open umbilicus. In our material, A. mckannai Original Description. —“Test small, nearly spherical; stratigraphically appears somewhat higher/later than A .sub¬ viewed from the ventral side, it very often resembles a slightly sphaerica from which we suggest it is descended (cf .Stainforth bursting chestnut. Test consists of three or three and one-half etal. ,1975). whorls, of which the first two are disproportionately small as We note that moderately to high-spired morphotypes with compared with the final whorl. In the final whorl there are five surficia lmorphology/omamen tcomparable to A .subsphaerica to six chambers gradually increasing in size. In the middle of occur in upper lower to lower middle Eocene; these may the ventral side there is a small umbilicus. The chambers are represent a continuation of the late Paleocene acarininid trapezoidal on the dorsal side, and triangular on the ventral radiation or an independent early Eocene radiation .This issue, side; they have a smooth outer surface and adhere closely to however ,is beyond the scope of this study. Similar high-spired one another. Septal sutures depressed, slightly curved in the acarinids ,which we regard as synonymous with A .subsphaer¬ direction of coiling. Aperture semi-rounded, occupying ap¬ ica, have been described from middle Paleocene deposits in proximately one-third of the distance between the umbilicus Azerbaizhan, Tadzhikistan, and the Crimea. These include and the periphery. Wall reticulate, finely porous. Average Globoconusa quadripartitaformis Khalilov (1956), Acarinina dimensions: greatest diameter 0.27 mm.; height 0.25 mm.” falsospiralis Davidzon and Morozova (1964), and Acarinina (Subbotina ,1947:108 ;translated from Russian.) microsphaerica Morozova (1967). Globigerina chascanona Diagnostic Characters. —Characterized by strongly ele¬ Loeblich and Tappan (1957a) is a small, very high-spired vated spire and tightly coiled, small test giving species a pustulose form, which we regard as an immature stage of A. 54 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY 45°E 90°E 351°E FIGUR 2 E—2.Paleobiogeograph mic asphowin dgistributio oAnfcarinin saubsphaeri c(Saubbotin Ziano) n Pe4a. subsphaerica. Both Blow (1979) and Huber (1991b) noted sphaerica and A. nitida share an anguloconic, umbilically these small forms, which they placed in chascanona. Larger inflated test as juveniles and ,in many of the geologically older (adult) forms of A .subsphaerica have been identified in middle examples, a flat or gently domed spiral surface. Acarinina Paleocene coasta lplain deposits from Alabama and New Jersey subsphaerica gave rise to A. mckannai by an increase in whorl by Loeblich and Tappan as Globigerina spiralis Bolli. expansi orante. Stable Isotopes.—-N o data available. Repository. —Holotype in the collections of VNIGRI, St. Stratigraphic Range. —Subzone P4a. We have not found Petersbu rRgu,ssia. A. subsphaerica associated with P3b faunas in any of our material nor have we found it to occur above the middle part of Zone P4 at low latitudes. Indeed, it is the short and distinct Genus Morozovella McGowran in Luterbacher, 1964 stratigraphic range of this taxon that renders it so useful for TYPE Species .—Pulvinulina velascoensis Cushman ,1925. subdivision of Zone P4. We recognize high-spired acarininids Original Description. —“Test trochoid, coiling random to from the upper Paleocene at the high southern latitude ODP strongly preferential; chambers becoming laterally com¬ Site 690. (This taxon was recently recorded by Lu and Keller pressed ,then more o rless conical ,during ontogeny ,developing (1995) in younger stratigraphic levels at DSDP Site 577 an angular margin and sometimes a strongly and irregularly (Shatsky Rise), northwestern Pacific Ocean and by Huber thickened marginal keel, umbilical shoulders may become (1991b) at ODP Site 738, southwestern Kerguelen Plateau thickened; surface more or less roughened primilarly, espe¬ (southern Indian Ocean )nea rthe Paleocene/Eocene boundary.) cially at margins; secondarily accentuated so that the test may Global Distribution.— This species appears global in become coarsely spinose or nodular at margins and on distribution in spite of an apparent bias to a Tethyan umbilica lshoulders .Pores rather coarse and tending to funnel distribution ,which is probably related to numerous citations in outwards, especially secondarily. Test umbilicate; aperture the Russian literature (Figure 22). basal and umbilical, a low rimmed arch surrounded by a ORIGIN of Species .— Acarinina subsphaerica evolved from poreless area. Paleogene.” (McGowran in Luterbacher, A. nitida by an increase in spire height and the development of 1964:641.) a coarsely muricate umbilical surface, which is a feature Diagnostic Characters.—S trongly anguloconical cham¬ characteristic of all subsequent acarininids. Both A. sub¬ bers throughou tontogeny .Surface texture strongly pustulose NUMBE 8R5 55 (muricate) on parts of spire and umbilicus. Most species with umbilicus. Length 0.46 mm.; width 0.37 mm.; thickness 0.24 muricocarina. mm. ”(Toulmin ,1941:608). DISCUSSION. —The morozovellids split into two lineages Diagnostic Characters.—C onicotruncate, distinctly early in their evolution: (1) the M. angulata-M. velascoensis muricocarinate test with (typically) 5 chambers in last whorl; group characterized by the developmen to fmuricate adumbili- intercameral sutures radial, depressed on umbilical side and cal ridges, a strong muricocarina, and the absence of muricae strongly recurved and tangential ,distinctly ornamented on ,and on parts of the chamber surfaces; and (2) the M. apanthesma- flush with, spiral side; periumbilical collar weakly to moder¬ M .subbotinae group whose members are initially unkeeled and ately well-ornamented with muricae; umbilicus (typically) entirely covered with fine ,thin muricae. wide and open but narrow in more tightly coiled individuals; aperture interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilica lwith (typi¬ cally )well-developed ,triangular ,circumumbilica l“teeth.” Morozovella acuta (Toulmin, 1941) DISCUSSION —. Considerabl econtrovers ysurround sth echar¬ Plate 45 :figure s1-14 acterization and recognition of this ,and closely related ,forms Globorota lwiailcoxens Cisushma ann Pdonto vna arc. u tTaoulm i1n9, 41:608, of the velascoensis group. The “typical” M. acuta is generally pi .82 :figs .6-8 [Zone P4 ,Sal tMountain Limestone ,Wilcox Group, believed to be distinguishable from M. velascoensis in its Alabama].—Cushma nan dRen z1,942:1 2p ,3 if.:ig 2.a -[cZon Pe 4S,oldado average smaller size ,more rapid increase in chamber growth, Fm T.,rinidad].—Cushma n1,944a:48,4 9p ,8fi.i: g5.a ,[bZon Pe3 bN,aheola proportionatel ylarge rfina cl hamber m, ore subdued periumbili¬ Fm. A, labama] ;1944b :15 p, i .2 :fig .16a,b [Zone P5 B, ash iFm. W, ilcox Group A, labama],—Shifflet t1,948:73 p, 4i .f:ig 2.3a- [cZon eP4 A,qui aFm. ca lornamentation ,and reduced number o fchambers in the final Maryland]. whorl (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a; Luterbacher, 1964; Blow, Globorotali avelascoens i(sCushman v)a rp.arv aRe y1,954:20 9p, 1i.2 f:ig. 1979). Other authors (Bolli, 1957a; Hillebrandt, 1962; Proto la,b [Zone P4 ,Sample TB 450 ,Wel lNo .11 ,Koudia tBou-Khelif ,near Decima and Zorzi, 1965, among others) believe these (and Ouezz annoert,h Meronrocco], other) forms are linked by continuous gradations and consider Globorotal iacut Taoulmin.—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957 a1:8 5p ,4i. 7f:ig. 5a- [cZon eP4 S,a lMt ountai nLimestone W, ilco xGroup A, labama ]p, 5i.5: the smynonymous. figs 4. a-5 c[Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .N, ew Jersey ]p, i5. 8 f:ig 5. a- c[Zone At the same time, another commonly cited form is P4 ,Aquia Fm. ,Virginia],—Aubert ,1962:54 ,pi .1 :fig .3a- c[Zone P4, Globorotalia velascoensis parva (auct. non) that we believe Koudi aBto Kuhe lMif,orocco].—Luterbache 1r9, 64:686-68 t9e,xt-fig. shares a close morphologic relationship with M. acuta. lOla- c[Zone P4 E, lQus sAbu Said F, arafrah Oasis E, gypt] t,ext-figs. Whether the forms illustrated by various authors as parva are, 102a-104 [cZon Pe 5V,elasc Fom E.,ban oe,aster Mn exico]. indeed, referable to Rey’s taxon is a moot point, however. Globorotal ivaelascoens ipsarv Raey.—Bo lalin Cdit a1,960:392-39 3p ,3i.5: fig 5.a -[cZon Pe 4P,adem do’Add an,orther Intaly].—Auber 1t,963:5 4p,i. Luterbacher (1964) showed that the typica lparva from the type 1 f:ig 2. a- c[Zon eP4 N, M. orocco], sample from Morocco has four large, nearly equal-sized Globorota vliealascoen saicsu (tTaoulmin).—Shutska y1a9,70 1a1:9-1 2p0i,. chambers in the fina lwhorl ,slightly raised and beaded sutures 27 f:ig l.la- c[Acarinina acarinata Zone K, achan Stage T, arkhankut on the spira lside ,and a relatively narrow umbilicus lacking the Peninsula C, rimea ]p, i2. 8 f:ig 4. a-c p, i2. 9 f:ig 9. a- c[Globorotali aaequa periumbilical ornament characteristic of the velascoensis- Zo nBea,khchisaray Satna gTea,rkhan kPuetninsu Clar,imea], Globorota lM i(aorozovell aa)cu tTaoulmin.—Jenkin s1,971:10 6p ,9if.i:gs. acuta forms. We concur with his analysis that forms identified 205-20 [7Globigerin tariloculinoide Zson Z=eon Pe t4h ipsape Wr, aipawan as parva by Bolli and Cita (1960), Gartner and Hay (1962), and DStag eM, idd lWe aipar Raive srectio nN,e wZealand]. Gohrbandt (1963) differ from the type-level specimens of Globorota (lMiaorozove lvlae)lascoen spiasr Rvaey.—Jenki n1s9,71:1 0160,7, parva by possessing a heavy keel and a flat spiral side. The p i9 .f:igs 2.11-21 G3[ lobigerin atriloculinoide sZon e=Zon eP 4thi spaper, Waipawa Sntag eM, idd lWe aipa rRaiv esrectio nN.e wZealand].—Blow, individuals illustrated by Aubert (1962) as velascoensis parva 1979:1030 ,1031 ,pi .95 :figs .3-6 [Zone P5 ,Sample FRCM 1670 ,Lindi (pi. 1: fig. 2a-c) and acuta (pi. 1: fig. 3a-c), respectively, from Taarenaz,ania], Koudiat Bou Khelif, Morocco, are virtually identical, and the Morozove lalacu (tTaoulmin).—Toumarki na enLduterbach e1r9,85:111, individual illustrated as acuta by Blow (1979, pi. 104: fig. 2) is text-fig 1. 4(7 r,eillustratio no hfolotype 8 ;r,eillustratio no Lfoeblic hand virtually indistinguishable from the one he figured on pi. 95: Tappan 1, 957a p, i5. 5 f:ig 4. a-c f,rom th eVincentown Fm .N, ew Jersey; fig. 6 as parva. We believe that the two morphotypes parva incorrect layscribe tdtoh Sea Mlt ounta iFnm A.,labama], (auct) and acuta are virtually indistinguishable in late Paleo- Original Description. —“Test trochiform, plano-convex, ce ansesemblages. dorsal side flat, ventral side strongly convex, deeply umbili- STABLE Isotopes. — Morozovella acuta has 5 18 0 and 5 13 C cate ,periphery strongly lobate ,acute ,and bounded by a thick similar to other species of Morozovella (M. occlusa, M. flange; chambers distinct, about 4’/2 in the last whorl, velascoensis ). Morozovella acuta has more positive 5 13 C and increasing regularly in size as added; sutures distinct, on the more negative 8 18 0 than Subbotina spp. (Shackleton et al., dorsal side slightly curved, limbate, slightly if at all depressed, 1985). on the ventral side radiate, depressed; wall roughened with Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4b to Zone P5 (top). minute ,low spinose processes ,especially along the peripheral Severa lauthors suggest that M .acuta occurs somewhat higher border; aperture an arched opening on the ventral side of the than M. velascoensis. We record its lowest occurence in Zone final chamber extending from the peripheral flange to the P4b and have not found it to extend above M. velascoensis at 56 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY DSDP Site 213 (Indian Ocean). Shutskaya (1970a) gave the lobulate outline ,4-6 chambers in last whorl; umbilica lsutures range of M. acuta as extending from the A. acarinata Zone (= radial ,slightly curved ,depressed ;spira lsutures curved ,raised Subzone P4b this paper) to the top of the G. aequa Zone (= top and ornamented by the extension o fthe strongly muricate keel; of Zone P5 this paper), which is, essentially, the same as chambers tend to be flattened along the peripheral margin; observ ehderein. aperture a low ,interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilica larch Global Distribution.— Morozovella acuta is an essen¬ extending from a narrow ,deep umbilicus. tially subtropical to tropical form with somewhat narrower Discussion. —This species has been little used in the biogeographi cdistribution than velascoensi s(see also Loeblich literature on Paleocene morozovellids .The distinctive charac¬ an dTappan 1, 957a). ter of this form is the raised early part of the test containing the ORIGIN of Species .—This species evolved from M .velasco¬ ensis through a reduction in umbilical size and ornament and neanic chambers; this feature can vary considerably among chamb neurmber. individuals in a given sample. Our studies support the Repository. —Three paratypes (USNM CC38526) depos¬ diagnosis of Blow (1979) of a biconvex test with a very narrow ited in the Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural umbilicus linking it with M. occlusa. If Globorotalia califor- History. Examined by WAB and RDN. nica Smith, 1957, is indeed a homonym of Globorotalia califomica Cushman and Todd, 1946 (according to Blow, 1979), and a senior synonym of Globorotalia acutispira Bolli Morozovella acutispira (Bolli and Cita, 1960) and Cita, 1960, it should be renamed, although we can agree Plat e46 f:igure s1-15 (provisonally) with Blow that this may be unnecessary. Globorotal icaalifomic Samit h1,957:19 0p ,2i. 8fi:g s2.2a-23 [chomonym]. A closely related, if not identical, morphospecies is M. [N oGtloborota lciaalifomi cCaushma ann Tdod d19, 46.] kolchidica (Morozova) .Morozova (1961) referred to the flat or Globorotali aacutispir aBol lai nd Cita 1, 960:15 p, i3. 3 f:ig 3. a- c[Zon eP4, weakly convex central part of the spiral side of the test, which Padem do’Ad dnao,rthe Irtnaly], Globorotali akolchidic aMorozova 1,961:17 p, i2 .f:ig 2.a- c[Zon eMs IlV(?) we have confirmed by examinaton of the holotype (3510/12 in (Cibicide slectu sZon e=Zon eP 3thi spape ru, ppe pr art )K, hokodz R’ iver the micropaleontological collections of GAN, Moscow). sec Ctiroimn,ea]. Comparison with the refigured holotype of M .acutispira Bolli Globorotal isa pa. fG fk..olchidic Ma orozova.—Luterbache 1r,964:668, and Cita (in Luterbacher, 1964, text-fig. 72a-c) reveals two text-figs 6. 1 6, 2[Globorotali apusill aZone G, ubbio section c, entral virtually identical forms. Blow’s (1979) interpretation of M. Apenn Iitnaelys], . Globorotal isap a.f Gf .a.cutispir Bao lalin dCita.—Shutskay a1,970b 1:18— kolchidica as a junior synonym of G. (M.) formosa gracilis 12 0p ,2i. 5fi: g7.a -[cuppe srubzon o eAfcarinin taadjikistanens idsjanensis Boll iis considered anomalous and incorrect (although the two Zon eO, le nPlatform b,orin g21 05,17-52 m7 K,acha nStag eT,arkhankut forms are clearly homeomorphic in the same manner as are M. Peni nCsruimlae, a]. velascoensis and M. caucasica). Morozovella kolchidica was Globorota lM i(aorozove lo l)acclus acutispir (aBo lalin Cdita).—Belford, described from (and is characteristic of) Zone P3 (as well as 1984:9 p, i1.7 f:igs 1.4-2 1[uppe Praleocene W, ABA GShee tP,apua N, ew Zone P4); M .gracilis was described from (and is characteristic Guinea]. of) Zone P6 (as well as Zone P7). Morozovella acutispira is Original Description. —“Test trochospirally coiled, the also homeomorphic with M .marginodentata (Subbotina) ,but dimensions medium for the genus, constituted of 11-12 the latter bears a consistently more massive muricocarina and regularly and rapidly increasing chambers ,with 4 in number in lacks the apiculate early portion of the test (see also Berggren, the last whorl .Chambers petaloid ,bordered by a very large and 1977). projecting banded keel ;spira lsuture arcuate and retroversed; Illustrated on Plate 11: Figures 13-15 is a specimen from the umbilical sutures depressed and radial; umbilical cavity very collections of Shutskaya (no. 645) in VNIGRI (St. Petersburg), smal land tight .Aperture slender ,interiomarginal ,extraumbili- which is probably referable to M .acutispira .Although the slide cal-umbilical .Wal lfinely punctate .The peculiar characteristic containing this specimen is labeled as Globorotalia angulata of this species, from which is derived the specific name we var. kubanensis Shutskaya, the illustration of the holotype intentionally selected ,stems from the exceptiona lheigh to fthe resembles M .conicotruncata (Subbotina) ;however ,because spire corresponding to the initia lwhorl ;this confers a biconvex the holotype in Moscow is lost ,the identity of this taxon cannot profile to Globorotalia acutispira ,characterized by a particu¬ be determined. Further confusing the taxonomic status of larly sharp rise ,quite angular ,from the opposite side to that of Shutskaya’s taxon is the other specimen from the same slide the ultimate chamber. The spire thus rises to occupy an (no. 645) illustrated on Plate 11: Figures 10-12. This specimen eccentric position with respect to the center of the fossi lfigure, is probably referable to M .apanthesma. which causes the noticeable increase in height o fthe chambers STABLE Isotopes. —The 5 13 C of Morozovella acutispira is constituting the ultimate whorl.” (Bolli and Cita, 1960:15; similar to that of coexisting morozovellids but is more positive translate dfrom Italian.) than that of Subbotina and Globanomalina. The 5 18 0 of M. Diagnostic Characters.—L enticular to subcircular, acutispira is lighter than that of Globanomalina and Subbotina plano-convex to biconvex test with apiculate early whorls and (Berggren and Norris ,1997). NUMBE 8R5 57 Stratigraphic Range. —Near the Zone P3/P4 boundary to Globorotal i(aMorozove la l)aequ aequ Caushma ann Rdenz.—Jenkins, the top of Zone P4b. 1971:100 p, i7 .f:igs 1.67-16 G9[ lobigerin atriloculinoide sZone M, iddle Global Distribution. —The geographic distribution of Waipara Rive rsection .New Zealand] ,figs .170 ,171 [Globigerinatriloculinoide sZone l,owe pr ar ot tfyp eWaipawa nStage T, eU rSi tream this morphospecies appears characteristic of subtropical to section N, ew Zealand],—Blow 1, 979:975-977 p, i9. 6 f:igs 4. -9 p, i2. 18: tropica lregions as does that of occlusa. figs .1-6 [Zone P5 of Blow ,1979; Sample FCRM 1670 ,Lind iarea, ORIGIN OF Species.—T his morphospecies is closely related Tanzania] ,pi .99 :fig .5 [Zone P5 o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 47.2/9/1: to, and probably evolved from, M. pasionensis by an increase 64-6 6cm S; hatsk yRise n, orthwester nPacifi cOcean ]p, i1. 02 f:igs 6 .9 ,1, 0, in spire height, development of a biconvex test, a decrease in pi .103: fig .1 ,pi .211: figs .3-5 [Zone P6 of Blow ,1979; DSDP Hole the number of chambers in the fina lwhorl ,and a decrease in the 20C/6/3 7:6-7 8cm B; raz iBl asin S,out hAtlanti cOcean ]p, i1.18 f:igs 8. -10,pi .211 :figs .1 ,2 [Zone P7 o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :83-85 cm; size of the umbilicus. Morozovella acutispira is closely related Shats Rkyi sneo, rthweste Prnaci fOiccean], to M .occlusa as herein described. Morozovel laequ (aCushma nan dRenz).—Berggren 1,97lb:7 6p, 5 if.:ig 6. Repository. —Holotype (No. 1278) in the micropaleontol- [Morozovel lvaelascoens iZson Z=eon Pe t5h ipsape rD, SD PHo l2e0C/6/4: ogical collections of the Laboratory of Micropaleontology, 5-7 cm ;Brazi lBasin ,South Atlanti cOcean],—Snyde rand Waters, Institute of Paleontology ,University of Milan. 1985:446 ,pi .7 :figs .5-7 [Zone P4/5 ,DSDP Site 549/16/5 :57-60 cm; Pendrag oEnscarpme nGto, b aSnp unro,rtheaste Arntlan Otic ean],—[n Lout and Keller 1, 995:102 p, i .1 :fig .15 (Zone P3 D, SDP Site 577/11/3 :19-21 Morozovella aequa (Cushman and Renz, 1942) cm S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOccean)].—[n oStto tatn Kdennett, Plate 15 :figures 11 ,12 ,15 ;Plate 47 :figures 1-16 1990:560 p, i6. f:igs 1. 3-1 5(Zon eAP 6 O, DP Hol e690B/16H/7 3: 6-4 0cm;Mau Rdis eW, edde Slle aS,outher On cea (nA=?carinin wa ilcoxensis))]. Globorotal icarassa t(aCushma nv)a ar.equ Caushma ann Rden 1z,942:1 2p,i. Acarinin a equ a(Cushma nan dRenz).—Tjalsma 1, 977:508 p, i3. f:ig 1. 3 3 f:ig 3. a- c[nea rbas eGloborotali asubbotina eZone S, oldado Fm., [Morozovell avelascoensi sZone D, SD PSit e329/32/4 1: 07-10 9cm; Trinidad]. Mauric Eewin Bgan kS,ou tAhtlant Oiccean], Globorotali alacer tCi ushma nan dRenz 1, 946:47 p, i8. f:igs 1. 1 1, 2[lower Globorota l Mi(aorozovella a)equ laacer t(iCushma nan dRenz).—Blow, zone o fLizard Springs Fm. ,Ravine Ampelu ,Lizard Springs area, 1979:977-979 ,pi .138 :figs .1-3 [Zone P8b o fBlow ,1979 = Zone P7 this south eTarisntiedrand], pape rD; SD PHol e20C/5/5 7:2-7 4cm B;raz Bilasin S,out hAtlant iOc cean], Globorota Tl i(rauncorotali ac)rassa t(aCushma nv)a ar.equ Caushma annd pi .115 :fig .6 [Zone P7 o fBlow 1, 979 = Zone P6b thi spaper ;Sample RS 80, Renz.—Cushma ann Bdermude z1,949:3 7p , 7if.:ig s7.- [9nea Sra Rnamon, Kilwa area ,Tanzania ,as ex interc G. (M.) aequa lacerti-G. (M.) abou t90 0m SW o Cf arreter aSan Ramon P, ina rde Rl i oProvince C, uba; subbo t]i.nae Bermud S e5tza3.6]. Globorotal i(aMorozovell a)equ taholiform Bislo w1,979:979-98 1p 1,i.02: Globorotal iparaenartanens iSshutskay a1,956:9 8p ,3if.i: g5.a A -[c arinina figs .7 ,8 [Zone P6 o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 20C/6/3 :76-78 cm ;Brazil acarinat Zaon eN,al’ch iHkorizo nlo, we pra ro tAfbaz iFnormatio nK,uban Basin S, outh Atlanti cOcean] p, i1. 19 f:igs 1. 2,[holotype] f,ig 3.[Zon eP7 Riv Bears cine,nt rparle-Caucasus].—Luterbach e1r9,64:6 7te1x, t-f 7ig3.a-c o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :82-85 cm] ,pi .125 :figs .1 ,2 ,pi .127: [topotyp efrso mAcarainin aacarina tZaon Ke,uba Rniv esrectio n,orthern figs .8 ,9 ,pi .129 :fig .6 [Zone P8a o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 47.2/8/2: Caucasus]. 71-73 cm] ,pi .133 :fig .9 [Zone P8b o fBlow ,1979 ;DSDP Hole 47.2/8/1: Globorotal iaequ Caushma nan dRenz.—Bol l1i,957a:7 4p ,1i. 7f:ig s1.- 3p,i. 77-7 c9m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif Oiccean]. 18 f:ig s1.3-1 G5[ loborotali avelascoens iZson e=Zon eP 5th ipsape ru;pper Lizar dSpring Fsm T.,rinidad].—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:8 6p ,5i.9: Original Description. —“Variety differing from the typi¬ fig 6. a- c[Zon eP4 A, qui aFm .V, irginia] p, i6. 4 f:ig 4. a- c[Zon eP4 V, elasco ca lin the much smoother surface ,and the chambers especially Fm .T, amaulipas M, exico []i npar tn, o pt i4. 6 f:igs 7. a-8 c( ? =M a. ngulata), in the later ones ,broader and more arcuate. pi .50 :fig .6a-c ,pi .55 :fig .8a-c].—Boll iand Cita ,1960:377 ,378 ,pi .33: fi g5.a -[cZon Pe 4P,adem doAdd saectio n,orthe rIntaly].—Luterbacher, “Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 38210) from the 1975b:64 p, i2. f:igs 2. 2-2 4[Globorotali asubbotina eZone] p, i2. f:igs. Midway Eocene, Soldado Formation, Soldado Rock, Trinidad, 28- 3G [0loborotal ipaseudomenard Ziion eP,ossagn soectio nT,reviso B.W.I. Coll. Dr. H.G. Kugler (sample K. 2950).” (Cushman Provin ncoer,th Ietranly]. and Renz ,1942:12.) Globorotal iangula t(aWhite).—Loeblic ahn Tdappa n1,957 a1:8 7p 4,i .8fi:g. Diagnostic Characters. —Subquadrate, plano-convex, 2a- c[Zone P4 ,Sal tMountain Limestone ,Alabama] ,pi .58 :fig .2a-c muricocarinate tes twith moderately lobulate periphera loutline [Aquia Formation V, irginia ][in part n, o tp i4. 5 :fig 7. a-c p, i5. 0 :fig 4. a-c, p i5. 5 :figs 2. a-c 6, a-7c p, i6. 4 :fig 5. a-c] [.No tWhite 1, 928.] and 4 (less commonly 5) chambers in last whorl; intercameral Globorotali a(Truncorotali a)aequ aaequ a(Cushman and Renz).— sutures on umbilical side straight, radial; raised, curved on Hillebrandt 1, 962:133 1, 34 p, i1. 3 :fig l.a- c[Zone F =Zone P 5thi spaper, spiral side; umbilicus narrow, bordered by low apertural slit B Raedichenhall-Salzb uBrag sAinu,stro-Germ baonrder]. extending nearly to periphery; test surface generally covered Globorotal i Ma( orozovel l a)equ abullat aJenkin s1,965:1110 f,ig 1.0 n, o. 87-9 [1Globigerin tariloculinoid eZson elo,w eWr aipawa Sntag eM, iddle with muricae, particularly on umbilical shoulder and along Waipara Rive rsection N, ew Zealand] ;1971:100 p, i7. :figs 1. 72-176 periphe rmalargin. [reillustrat i hoonfloty ap npedaraty sppeecimens]. DISCUSSION. —This taxon has a complicated and intricate Globorotal ilaoeblic hEil-Nagga r1,966:218-22 0p ,2i. 3fi: gla. -[cGlobiger¬ taxonomic history due, in no small part, to the (minor) in awilcoxens iZson e=Zon eP 6th ipsape rs,ampl eS68 T,hebe Cs alcareous morphologic variability (and resulting complex nomenclature) Sha lTeh, eb eFsm G.,eb eOlwain saection], Truncorotalo iMd e(osrozov ae el)lqau u(Csushm an Rdenz).—McGowran, ascribed to this species (see discussion by Blow, 1979:975— 1968:19 0p, 1 if.:ig s3.- [7Planorotalite simple Zxonul eB,oongerooda 982). Cushman and Renz (1942) described a subquadrate, Greensand C, ap eRange A, ustralia ]f,ig s8.-1 T2[runcorotaloide (sA.) planoconvex, carinate morozovellid from the terminal Paleo- mckan nZaoinu Bleo,ongeroo Gdareensan Cda, pRean gAeu,stralia], cene of Trinidad, which has come to serve as the central type of 58 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY a plexus of late Paleocene to early Eocene forms generally Boll i1,957a p, i1.7 f:ig s1.0-1 2“transitiona florm betwee nGloborotalia linked by the features listed in the diagnosis above; however, uncina tBao lnli,e swpeci easn Gdloborotal iaangula t(aWhite)”]. we see little justification, or utility, in using these minor Globorota (lTiaruncorota laian)gul a(Wtahite).—Hillebran 1d9t6, 2:1 13312, , morphologic differences in distinguishing the forms listed in pi .13 :figs .14a-15c [Zone D = G .pusilla Zone ,Richenhall-SalzburgBa Asuins,tro-Germ boanrder], the synonymic lis tabove. Truncorotal oMid o(eroszove lalan)gula t(uWshite).—McGowr a1n96, 8:190, Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella aequa has more positive p 1fi:.g 1s3. -1 [8midd Plealeocen Be,oongerood Gareensan dA,ustralia], 5 13 C and more negative 5 ls O than Subbotina and Globanomal- Globorota Ml i(aorozovell a)ngula t(aWhite).—Blow 1,979:98 4p 8,i .6fi:gs. ina and a similar isotopic signature to coexisting morozovel- 7-9 [figs .1 ,8 ,given as G .(M )cf .angulata ] ,pi .87 :fig .1 [Zone P3 ,DSDP lids, such as M. velascoensis (Lu and Keller, 1996; Berggren Ho l4e7.2/10/ 17:2-7 c4m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOccean], and Norris ,1997). Morozovell aprotocarin aCorfield 1,989:98 p, i1 .f:ig s1.-1 2[Zon eP3 D, SDP Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P4c to Zone P7. Si t5e77/11/ 63:0-3 c1m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOccean], Global Distribution. — Morozovella aequa is a geograph¬ Original Description. —“Test rotaliform, dorsal side flat, ically widespread species, having been recorded from areas ventral side convex, umbilicate, periphery sharply angled; circumscribed by latitudes 50°N (Goban Spur, northeastern chambers few, usually four or five in the last whorl, inflated, Atlantic Ocean; Snyder and Waters, 1985) and 50°S (Falkland rapidly increasing in size; sutures distinct, curved, deep, not Plateau; Tjalsma, 1977); it occurs as far south as nearly 60° limbate; wall granular or subspinose, very finely perforate; (Kerguelen Plateau; Berggren, 1992) during the brief early aperture an elongate opening extending from the umbilicus Eocene (Zone P6) temporal excursion of (sub)tropical mo- almos tto the periphera lmargin and sometimes provided with a rozovellids. narrow lip. Diameter of type specimen ,0.35 mm.; height ,0.25 ORIGIN OF Species. — Morozovella aequa evolved from M. mm.” (White ,1928:191.) apanthesma through concomitant reduction in the number of Diagnostic Characters. —Muricate, nonspinose angulo- chambers and the development of both more involute coiling conical test, spiral side flat, early chambers slightly elevated, (resulting in a more closed umbilicus) and a peripheral 10-12 chambers arranged in 2 V 2 whorls ,4-6 chambers in final muricocarina. We have observed this transition both in our whor lp, eripher ylobulate (,sub)acute i,mperforat eband (muric¬ material and particularly at DSDP Site 384, where it occurs at ocarina )developed along periphera lmargin ;weak circumum- the base of Zone P4c together with the appearance of various bilical collar formed around narrow, deep umbilicus by acarininid taxa o fthe soldadoensis and primitiva/coalingensis elevated chambers, particularly last chamber; sutures de¬ plexus in the younger part of Chron C25r. We have not found pressed ,straight ,radia lon umbilica lside ,strongly recurved on this form in lower parts of the stratigraphic record (cf. Blow, spiral side; aperture, low, interiomarginal, umbilical- 1979; Lu and Keller, 1995). extraumbilica llow arch with weakly developed lip. Repository. —Holotype (USNM CC38210) deposited in DISCUSSION .—Blow (1979:984 )drew a distinction between the Cushman Collection ,Nationa lMuseum of Natura lHistory. peripherally muricocarinate (angulata )and (putatively ances¬ Examined by WAB and RDN. tral) non-carinate {praeangulata ) morphotypes of the early angulata lineage. Following Blow (1979) in this distinction, Morozovella angulata (White ,1928) we maintain both morphotaxa in the genus Morozovella (contraPearso n19, 93). Figure 23 ;Plate 48 :figures I-16 Considerable confusion and misidentification has sur¬ Globigerin angulat aWhite 1,928:191 p, i2.7 f:ig 1. 3[Zon eP4 V,elasc oFm., rounded this taxon ,not the least because of the long (about 50 Mexico]. year) sequestration of the White collection at Columbia Globorotal iangula t(aWhite).—Glaessne 1r,937b:38 3p ,4if.i:g s3.5a-c; University, which ended with its rediscovery by T. Saito and its ?36a- c( ?=M a. equa )f,ig 3. 7a- c(A/ c,onicotruncala [)uppe rPaleocene, subsequent transfer to the American Museum of Natural Anap saectio nG,oryac hKiliutc Fhm a.n Idl’s kn,orthwester Cnaucasus; low epra orStfumga Gitrou pso, utheaste rCnaucasu lso,w eFroraminiferal History in the early 1980s. We have followed Blow (1979) in Bed o sDfagestan].—Bykov a1,953:82-8 6te, xt-fig s7.a— 1 [c1“Montian adopting the concept of angulata sensu Bolli (1957a) in Stage ,w”ester Tnurkmenia].—Shutskay a1,956:9 29 ,3te, xt-fi g 1p . ,3fi.i:g. identifying this form. We regard Morozovella protocarina 2a- c[Elburga nFm .K, hie uRive srection c,entra Cl aucasus],—Bolli, Corfield (1989) as falling within this concept of M. angulata. 1957a:7 4p ,1i. 7f:ig s7.- [9Globorotaliapusil lZaon elo, we Lrizar dSprings Fm .T,rinidad].—Loeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:87 p, i5.0 f:ig 4.a- [cZone Our studies ,however ,support the range of M. angulata given P3b H, omerstown Fm .N, ew Jersey c, f B. low 1, 979:985] p, i6. 4 f:ig 5. a-c by Bolli (1957a) (Zone P3 to middle part of Zone P4) rather [Zon eP4 V, elasc oFm .M, exico c, fB. low 1, 979:986 ][in par tn, o tp i4. 5 f:ig. than that of Blow (1979) (Zone P3 to basal Zone P5). 7a-c p, i4. 8 :fig 2. a- c(= M a. equa (Cushman and Renz)) p, i5. 5 :figs 2. a-c, Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella angulata has more nega¬ 6a-7 (cprobab ltyransition at Mol a.panthesm (aLoeblic ahn Tdappan )p),i. tive 8 18 0 and more positive 5 13 C than Parasubbotina and 58 :fig .2a-c (= M .aequa (Cushman and Renz))].—Boll iand Cita, 1960:37 63,7 7p ,3i. 5f:ig 8.a -[cGloborotaliapusil lZaon eP,adem do’Adda Subbotina (Douglas and Savin, 1978; Boersma and Premoli section n, orther nItaly].—Olsson 1,960:44 p, i8 .f:igs 1.4-1 6[Zon eP3b, Silva, 1983; Shackleton et al., 1985). The species displays a Homerstow Fnm N. e,Jewrsey].—Toumarki na enLduterbach e1r9,85:111, distinc ttrend toward increased 8 13 C with increased tes tsize and text-fi g1. 45:a -[cholotyp reeillustrated t]e, xt-fi g1. 46:a -[creillustratio onf little or no trend in 5 I8 0 with size (Shackleton et ah, 1985). NUMBE 8R5 59 180°W 135°W 90°W 45°W 45°E 90°E 135°E FIGUR 2E 3—. Paleobiogeograph imc a sphowin dgistributio onMf orozovel langula t(aWhit e iZn)one P sa3nd P4. Stratigraphic Range.— Zone P3 to lower Zone P4. 1979:988 ,pi .251 :fig .2 [Zone P7 o fBlow ,1979 = Zone P6 this paper; Global Distribution.— This form is essentially restricted Sample HK 1831 ,type leve lo fG .rex Zone ,“Carmen Jones Ravine,”tributa roCyfasc aRsive sro, uthe rTnrinidad], to (sub)tropica lto temperate regions (circumscribed by 50°N Acarinin aapanthesm (aLoebli cahn Tdappan).—Hube 1r9, 91b:44 p 6f4,i:.gs. and S latitudes); it has not been reliably reported from high 1 2,[Zon eAP4 O, D PHol e738C/16R 3: 32.1 5mbsf K; erguelen Plateau, northern o rsouthern (subantarctic )regions (Figure 23). south Ienrdn Oiacnean]. ORIGIN OF SPECIES.— This species evolved from Morozov¬ No Mt orozovell a penthesm a[sic L] uan dKelle r1,995:102 p, i1. f:igs 1.8 1,9 ella praeangulata (Blow) at or near the Zone P2/3 transition by [Zon eP3b/P4 xo Lf uan dKeller D; SD PSit e577/11/2 5: 2-5 4cm S; hatskyRi sneo,rthweste Pranc iOficean]. elaboration of the muricae, development of a peripheral muricocarina ,and establishment o fanguloconica lchambers Original Description.—“T est free, trochospiral, plano¬ throughou th elas twhorl. convex, umbilicoconvex, with rather wide, deep and open Repository.— Columbia University Paleontology Collec¬ umbilicus, periphery subacute, peripheral outline lobulate; tion (No. 19876), collection now at the American Museum of chambers hemispherical, flattened to gently convex and Natura lHistory ,New York. appearing lunate in side view from the spiral side, strongly inflated to subangular on the umbilical side, 4 to 5 in the final whorl, commonly somewhat obliquely overlapping earlier Morozovella apanthesma (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957) chambers, the forward margin of each chamber protruding Plate 17 :figures 1-3 ;Plate 49 :figures 1-15 slightly above the general level of the spiral side, the posterior Globorotali apanthesm aLoeblic han dTappa n1957a 1:87 p, i4.8 f:ig l.a-c margin of the succeeding chamber beginning at a slightly lower [Zon eP4 S,a lMt ountai nLimestone C, lark eCo .A, labama ]p, i5.5 f:ig l.a-c level; sutures distinct, strongly curved and slightly depressed [Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .N, ew Jersey ]p, i5. 8 f:ig 4. a- c(paratype )p, i5. 9: on the spiral side, radial and strongly depressed on the fig l.a- c(holotype [)Zon eP4 A, qui aFm .V, irginia], umbilical side, wall calcareous, rather coarsely perforate, Globorota {liMa orozovel laap)anthesm Loaebl iac hnTdappan.—Jenkins, surface spinose ,most strongly on the umbilical side; aperture 1971:10 2p 8f,ii.:g 1s.86-18 [8Globigerin tariloculinoide Zson eW, aipawan Stag eM, idd lWe aipa rRaiv esrectio nN,e wZealand].—Belfor d1,984: 9p,i. interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical, a broad arched 16 f:igs 1.- 8[Zon eP4 P, apua N, ew Guinea]. opening ,with a narrow bordering lip present in well-preserved G?loborota l{iaMorozovell a)panthesm Laoebli cahn Tdappan.—Blow, specimens. 60 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY “Hypotypes range from 0.23 to 0.45 mm. in diameter and teristic sintermediate between M p. raeangulata (it santecedent) from 0.15 to 0.33 mm. in thickness.” (Loeblich and Tappan, and M. aequa (its descendant). The former is generally 1957a:187—188.) somewhat smaller (contra Loeblich and Tappan, 1957a; see Diagnostic Characters. —Planoconvex, umbilicocon- also Jenkins, 1971), with more subdued muricate wall texture vex, test with lobulate, weakly muricocarinate periphery; 4-5 and more strongly recurved chambers when seen from the chambers in last whorl, inflated to subangular on umbilical spiral surface. Compared to its ancestor, M. aequa exhibits a side, moderately convex, triangular (lunate) in edge view; reduced number o fchambers and a more anguloconica ltest. intercameral sutures on umbilical side depressed, radially Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5860) and paratypes curved and slightly depressed on spiral side; umbilical side (USNM P5868, P5861, P5862) deposited in the Cushman distinctly muricate ,coarsely perforate on spira lside ;umbilicus Collection ,Nationa lMuseum of Natura lHistory .Examined by relatively narrow ,deep; aperture an interiomarginal ,umbili- WAB, RDN, and RKO. cal-extraumbilical arch with narrow, continuous intraperiumbilic laipl . Morozovella conicotruncata (Subbotina ,1947) DISCUSSION .—Blow (1979) drew attention to an important Plate 11 :figures 10-15 ;Plate 50 :figures 1-15 distinction within this plexus :apanthesma exhibits the essen¬ tially quadrate chambe rpattern o fthe related (and descendant) Globorotali aconicotruncat aSubbotina 1,947:11 5p, 4i .f:ig s1.1-1 3[ho¬ aequa in the early whorls, whereas angulata (and related lotype z,on eo “fDania nForaminifera, ”Ass uRive srection n, orthernCaucasus ]p, i9 .f:igs 9. -1 1[zon eo “fDania nForaminifera, ”Khie uRiver forms )retains the more “vorticiform,” strongly recurved ,early secti oNna,l’ch niko,rthe Crnaucasus].—Luterbach e19r,64:6 6te0x, t-f 4ig0. whorl pattern. In view of these, and other pertinent observa¬ [zon oerfotal igdloborotaliid sK,hie Ruive srectio n,orther Cnaucasus], tions based on personal observations of type material (Blow, text-figs 4. 1 4, 2[a sG a. ngulat a bundocamerata 't.opotype sfrom 1979) ,i tis strange tha the presented ,almos tas an afterthought, Globorotali apusill apusill aZone lo, we Lrizar dSpring Fsm T.,rinidad],text-fig s4.6-4 [9Globorotal ipaseudomenard Ziione t]e, xt-fi g 5G .[1lo¬ only a single, spiral view of a form assigned to apanthesma borotal ipausil lpausil lZaon eG,ubb isoectio nc,entr aAlpennine sIt,aly]; from (his) Zone P7 (= Zone P6 this paper) whose affinities are 1975a:726 p, i1. f:igs 6. 7,[Globorotali apusill apusill aZone D, SDP Site somewha thard to evaluate .Earlier this species was considered 305/14/C SCh;ats Rkyi sneo, rthweste Prnaci fOiccean].—Puj o1l9,83:645, a junior synonym of M. conicotruncata (Subbotina) by pi .2 :fig .8 [Zone P3 (mid-part) ,DSDP Hole 516F/87/4 :43-44 cm ;RioGrand Reis Seo, u tAhtlan tOiccean], Luterbacher (1964) and of M. angulata (White) by Berggren Acarini ncaonicotrunca (tSaubbotina).—Subbotin 1a9,53:22 p20 fi0 .i.5g:a. ,b (1977). [zon oe rfotali dgloborotaliid sF,oraminifer aBled sS,uit F e(Ilowe prart), Illustrated on Plate 11: Figures 10-12 is a specimen from the Khie uRiver N, al’chik n, orther nCaucasus ]p, i2. 0 f:ig 6. a- c[holotype collections of Shutskaya (no. 645) in VNIGRI (St. Petersburg) reillustrated p ]2,i .0fi :g7.a -[cspecime rneillustrate fdro mSubbotin a1,947, that is probably referable to M .apanthesma .Although the slide p i9. f:igs 9. -11 s, am esampl ea sholotype] p, i2. 0 f:ig 8. a- c[sam esamplea sfig 7. a-c ][in part n, o tp i2. 0 f:igs 1. 0a-12c]. containing this specimen is labeled as Globorotalia angulata Globorotal iangula t(aWhit ev)a kr.ubanens iSshutskay a1,956:9 3p 3,fi.i:g. var. kubanensis Shutskaya, the illustration of the holotype 4a- [cholotyp eNo 3.525/19 G, AN B, e d6 M, ar lE,lburga nFm .K, uba nRiver resembles M .conicotruncata (Subbotina) .Because the holo¬ Sec tnioonr,th Cearuncasus]. type in Moscow is lost, the identity of this taxon cannot be Globorotali angulat abundocamerat aBol l1i,957a:74 p, i1.7 f:ig s4.-6 determined .Further confusing the taxonomic status of Shut- [Globorotal ipausil lpausil lZaon elo, we Lrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad].— skaya’s taxon is the other specimen from the same slide (no. Bol lai nd Cita 1, 960:379 p, i3. 5 f:igs 6. a- c[Globorotali apusill apusillaZon Pea, dem do'Ad dsaectio no, rthe rIntaly]. 645) illustrated on Plate 11: Figures 13-15. This specimen is Globorotal i Ta(runcorotal i a)ngulat aHillebrand t1,962:131 p, 1i.3 f:igs. probably referable to M .acutispira. 14a-15 c[Zon eD =correlativ ewith uppe rpar to Gf loborotali apusilla Stable Isotopes. —Limited isotopic data suggest M. pusi lZlaon Ree, ichenhall-Salzbu rBgas iAnu, stro-Germ abnorde r[]N, ot apanthesma is similar in 5 I8 0 and 8 13 C to other morozovellids Wh 1it9e2,8.] and has a more positive 8 I3 C and more negative 5 I8 0 than Globorota lkiaubanen s(iSshutskaya).—Shutskay 1a9,70 1b1:8-12 p20i1,. :fig l.a- c[Acarinin apraepentacamerat aZone M, aly Bi alkha nRidge, coexisiting Globanomalina and Subbotina (Lu and Keller, Chaal’dz Ghirno wupe,st eTrunrkmenia], 1996 ;Berggren and Norris ,1997). Morozovel lcaonicotruncat (aWhite).—Berggren 1,97 b1:7 4p , 4if.:ig s 89., Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3b to Zone P4c. [Zone P4 ,DSDP Hole 20C/6/5 :8-10 cm] ,figs .10-14 [Zone P4 ,DSDP Global Distribution. —Northern middle latitudes to the Ho l2e0C/6/ 41:00-10 c2m B;raz Bilasi nS,out Ahtlant iOccean].—Snyder Southe rOncean. and Waters 1, 985:446 p, i8. :figs 4. 5 ,[Zone P4/5 D, SDP Site 549/16/4:57-60 cm] ,fig .6 [DSDP Site 549/16/5 :57-60 cm ;northeas tAtlantic Origin of Species. — Morozovella apanthesma and its Ocean], descendants, M. aequa and M. subbotinae, differ from the M Globorota lM i(aorozove la l)angula tcaonicotrunca t(aWhite).—Blow, angulata-M. velascoensis group in possessing a relatively 1979:986 p, i8. 7 f:ig 3.[Zon eP3 D, SD PHol e47.2/10/1 7: 2-7 4cm S; hatsky even distribution of fine muricae (pustules) over the surface of Ri sneo,rthweste Pranc iOficean], the tes tin contras tto the developmen to fmuricae-free surfaces ORIGINAL Description .—“Test a truncated cone .There are between the murcorcarina and adumbilical ridges in the M. two whorls. Dorsa lside flat except in the slightly raised central velascoensis plexus .Morozovella apanthesma shares charac¬ portion occupied by the first whorl; ventral side strongly NUMBE 8R5 61 convex, sloping toward the dorsal side at an angle of about 50° Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3 to lower Zone P4. to 60°. Umbilicus open, deep, not very broad for Globorotalia. Global Distribution. —As with its closely related sister Periphery broadly lobate, acute, not keeled. The final whorl taxon angulata, this form has a predominantly tropical to usually consists of five chambers which are alate on the dorsal temperate distribution (< 45° N and S) and has not been reliably side and triangular on the ventra lside .Each chamber of the first reported from high northern or southern (subantarctic) lati¬ whorl is approximately one-half the size of the corresponding tudes. It is a common and distinct form in our material and is chamber of the second whorl. The chambers increase very observed to grade into M .velascoensis in Subzone P3b. slowly in size within each whorl, so that each pair of adjacent Origin of Species. —This morphospecies evolved from chambers seems to be equal .One of the characteristic features Morozovella angulata (White) in the lower part of Zone P3 by is the uniform thickness (the dorsoventra lelongation) ,due to the development of a distinctly planoconvex test ,a more open which their umbilical ends are almost in the same plane. The umbilicus than M. angulata, and a characteristic low rate of chambers adhere closely to one another .Septa lsutures on the dorsa lside simple ,arcuately curved ,depressed ;on the ventral chambe renlargement ,which result sin equidimensiona lcham¬ side ,they diverge radially from the umbilicus to the periphery, bers throughou tthe fina lwhorl. in the form of straight, strongly depressed furrows. Spiral Repository. —Holotype (No. 3085) and paratypes (Nos. sutures weakly lobate ,nearly smooth ,depressed ,most often 2178, 4085, 4086, 4087, 4099) deposited in the micropaleon- indistinct. Aperture slitlike, very weakly curved to nearly tological collections at VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia. straight, extending from the umbilicus to approximately Examined by WAB. half-way between the umbilicus and the periphery on the ventral side. Wall densely covered with short and relatively Morozovella gracilis (Bolli, 1957) thick spines, usually larger on the ventral side than on the dorsal side. Final chamber usually smoother. Spines most Plat e54 f:igure s13-15 distinct at the periphery.” (Subbotina, 1947:115; translated Globorotali aformos agracil iBs ol l1i,957a:75 p, i1.8 f:ig s4. - G6[ loborotalia fro mRussian.) re Zxon eT,rinida Ldeashold sL,td w.,e Glluayaguayar 1e5 9c,or 3e,707-13', Diagnostic Characters. —Subcircular, moderately lobu- upp eLriza rSdpring Fsm T.,rinidad],—Luterbache 1r,964:69 2te, xt-fig. late, low trochospiral test with 5-7 subangular, inflated, 115a- [ctopotype sG, loborotali are xZone T,rinidad ]t,ext-fig 1.17a-c essentially equidimensiona lchambers in last whorl ,spira lside [Globorota flioarmo fsoarmos Gal!oborota sliuabbotin aZeon sea,mp lelevelG-5 8G,ubb isoectio nce, ntr aAlpennine Ist,aly t]e, xt-fi g1.05a -[cGloboro¬ flat to slightly convex in early whorls; umbilical sutures tali avelascoensi sZone E, bano e, aster nMexico a, sG s.p a. f ff.ormosa straight to weakly curved, radial, incised; spiral sutures gracil ti]se, xt-fig s1.06a-107 [cGloborotal ivaelascoens iZson es,ample distinctly curved ,incised; axia lperiphery (sub)acute ,periph¬ leve Gl -74 G, ubbi osection c,entra Al pennine sI,taly].—Shutskaya, era lmuricocarina variable ,generally fused on early chambers 1970b 1:l8—12 0p ,1i. 4f:ig 8.a -[cGloborotal isaubbotina Zeon eC,huruk- of last whorl whereas later chambers generally subrounded S uK,ach Raiv esrectio nB,akhchissara ryegio nB,akhchissaraya Sntage,southwester Cnrimea],—Luterbache 1r,975a:72 7p ,2fi.i: g7.a -[cDSDP (although muricocarinae fuse consistently along peripheral Sit e313/13/4 7:1-7 3cm M; id-Pacif iMc ountain sN, ort hPacif iOc cean]; margin on individuals of this form as it transforms into M. 1975b:65 p, i4 .f:igs 1.0-1 2[Globorotali asubbotina eZone P, ossagno velascoensis in Zone P3b) ;umbilicus narrow ,deep ;aperture a sectio Tnr,evisia nPorovin cItea,ly]. low interiomargina lu, mbilical-extraumbilica sl lit. Globorotal ibaol lEiil-Nagga r1,966:202-20 3p ,2i.2 f:ig 6.a- d[Globigerina DISCUSSION. —This is a distinct middle Paleocene plano¬ wilcoxens iZson eT,hebe Csalcareou Sshal eG,eb eAlwein aE,gyp t[ ]ipnart,no pt i2.2 f:ig 5.a- d(holotyp e=M s.ubbotina e(Morozova))]. convex morozovellid species characterized by 5-7 equidimen¬ Globorotali aM( orozovell ag) racili sBolli.—Jenkins 1,971:105 p, i9 .f:igs. sional chambers in the last whorl. Our studies support Blow’s 202-20 [4Globigerin wa ilcoxens iZson eM, idd lWe aipar Raive srection, (1979) observation that this form appears virtually simultane¬ Waipaw Satna gNe eZ, wealand], ously with typical angulata- types (cf. Bolli, 1957a); however, Morozovel lgaracil i(sBolli).—Berggre n1,971b:7 6p , 5if.i:g s 7[8.M, orozov¬ we do not agree with the extended range given this taxon by ell asubbotina eZone D, SD PHol e20C/5/6 1:00-10 2cm S;out hAtlanticOcean],—Huber ,1991 b:440 ,pi .4 :fig .8 [Zone AP6A ,ODP Hole Blow (1979) of mid-Zone P3 through Zone P4, extending 738C/10 R27, 7. 7m8b sKf;erguele Pnlatea uso, uthe rIndia Oncean].—Lu possibly into Zone P5. Our studies support, rather, the range and Keller 1, 995:102 p, i .1 :fig .9 [Zone P6bx ofLuand Kelle r= Zone P6a given by Bolli (1957a) of its extension into the lower part of the thi spaper D; SD PSit e577/9/6 5: 3-5 5cm S; hatsk yRise n, orthwestern Globorotal ipaseudomenard Ziione. Pa Ocicfiecan], Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella conicotruncata has 5 13 C Globorota l(iMa orozovel lsau)bbotin ageraci lBisolli.—Blo w19,79:1021-1024 ,pi .Ill :figs .9 ,10 ,pi .112 :fig .1 [Zone P7 o fBlow ,1979 ;sample KRE similar to M. angulata and more positive than Subbotina and 83 FM, oog Mli udstone K,agu aInlie rK,agua P,apua N, e wGuinea ]p, 1i.15: Globanomalina (Boersma and Premoli Silva, 1983; Berggren figs .7-10 ,pi .223 :figs .3 ,4 [Zone P7 o fBlow ,1979 ;sample RS 80 ,Kilwa and Norris, 1997). The 5 18 0 of M. conicotruncata is slightly area ,Tanzania] ,pi .120 :figs .1-9 ,pi .121 :figs .1-8 [Zone P7 o fBlow, lighter than M. angulata in samples from DSDP Site 384 1979 D; SD PHol e47.2/8/3 8:3-8 5cm S;hatsk Ryise n,orthwester nPacific (Berggren and Norris, 1997) and is distinctly lighter than Ocean ]?p, i2.49 f:igs 8 .9[,Globorotali apseudomenard iZione s,ample/specimen csollecte db Ly.W L.eRo ay tsopotyp iDc iscorbin asimulatilis coexisting Globanomalina and Subbotina (Boersma and Schwage 1r,88 3a,n pdresente t d RoW. righ Btarke rM; aq sfiectio nF,arafrah Premoli Silva, 1983; Berggren and Norris, 1997). O aEsgisy,pt], 62 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY Morozove lfloarmo sgaraci l(iBsolli).—Snyd earn Wdate r1s9, 85:446-44 p7i,. Global Distribution. —This is a geographically wide¬ 8 :figs .7-9 [Zone P7 ,DSDP Site 549/12/4 :47-50 cm ;Pendragon spread morphospecies recorded from (predominantly) Escarpme Gnto,b Sapn unro,rtheaste Arntlan Oticean],—Toumark ianned Luterbache 1r,985:1 2te, xt-fi g1. 51:2a -[creillustratio onhfolotyp oeBfolli, (sub)tropical biogeographies. It occurs as far south as nearly 1957a], 60° at ODP Sites 738 (Huber, 1991b) and 747 (Berggren, 1992) on the Kerguelen Plateau ,southern Indian Ocean ,as part of the Original Description. —“Shape of test very low trochos- earlies tEocene extra-tropica lexcursion o fmorozovellids. piral, spiral side almost flat or slightly convex, umbilical side ORIGIN of Species .—This species evolved from M .subboti¬ distinctly convex ;equatoria lperiphery lobate ;axia lperiphery nae through a reduction in spire height and an increase in the angular with a faint keel ornamented with spines. Wall numbe o rcfhambers. calcareous, perforate, surface distinctly spinose. Chambers Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5055) deposited in the angular ,inflated; about 12 ,arranged in 2 '/ 2 —3 whorls ,the 5 or Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. 6 chambers of the last whor lincreasing rapidly in size .Sutures Examined by WAB and RDN. on the dorsa lside slightly curved to oblique ,slightly depressed; on umbilica lside radial ,distinctly depressed .Umbilicus fairly Morozovella occlusa (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957) narrow, deep, open. Aperture a low arch; interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical .Coiling between 90 and 100 percent Plate 17 :figures 4-6 ;Plate 51 :figures 1-15 dextral. Largest diameter of holotype 0.50 mm.” (Bolli, ?Discorbin asimulatili sSchwager 1, 883:120 p, i2. 9 f:ig 1. 5a- d[ ?Zon eP4, 1957a:75.) Fara fOra sEisg,ypt]. Diagnostic Characters. —Planoconvex to moderately Globorotali aocclus aLoeblic han dTappan 1,957a 1:91 p, 5i.5 f:ig 3.a- [cZoneP4 V, incentown Fm .N, ew Jersey] p, i6. 4 :fig 3. a- c[holotype Z. one P4, biconvex test ,with lobulate periphera lmargin ornamented with Velas Scoha Tlea,maulip aMs,exico],—Luterbach e1r9,64:6 9t0e,xt-figs. well-developed muricocarina 5; - 6essentiall yequidimensional 112a— 11 G3 [cloborotal ivaelascoens iZson eV,elasc Fom E.,ban oe,astern chambers in last whorl ;umbilica lintercamera lsutures radial, Mexico t]e, xt-fi g1.14 aG -[cloborotal ivaelacoens Zison eG,ubb isoection, straight, depressed; on spiral side, sutures strongly curved, cen tArpalennin Ietas,ly].Globorotali acrosswicksens iOs lsson 1,960:47 p, i1.0 f:ig s7.- 9[Zon eP3b, distinctly muricate except for penultimate/ultimate chamber Homerstow Fnm N.e ,Jewrsey]. suture, which is straight giving cuneiform shape to final Globorota Tl i(rauncorota vl i)ealascoens oiscclus Laoeblic ahn Tdappan.— chamber (not unlike the shape in Acarinina triplex)- ,umbilical Hillebrandt ,1962:139 ,pi .13 :figs .22 ,24 ,25 [Zone F = Zone P4/5 this surface covered with muricae, spiral side weakly muricate paper] ,pi .13 :figs .23 ,26 [Zone D = Globorotalia pusilla pusilla Zone(up ppear rRte),ichenhall-Salzbu Brags Ainu,stro-Germ baonrder]. excep tfo rconcentration o fmuricae along intercamera lsutures Globorotal i(aMorozovella o)cclus Laoeblic ahn Tdappan.—Jenkins, and peripheral margin of ultimate whorl; small sutural 1971:10 6p 9,fi.i:g s2.08-21 [0Subbotin tariloculinoide Zson eW, aipawan opening salon gmargin/junctio no uf ltimate/penultimat ewhorl Stag eM,idd lWe aipa rRaiv esrectio nN,e Zwealand],—Blo w1,979:100 7p,i. resulting from chamber addition along topographically sepa¬ 90 f:igs 7. 1, 0[lowe rpar to fZon eP4 D, SDP Hol e2 1A/3/6 7: 4-7 6cm S; outh rated/elevated muricate edges ;umbilicus narrow ,deep ;aper¬ Atlantic Ocean] ,pi .95 :figs .7-10 ,pi .96 :figs .1-3 [Zone P5 ,sampleFCRM .1670 ,Lind iarea ,Tanzania] ,pi .213 :fig .6 ,pi .214 :figs .1-6 ,pi. ture a low interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical arch 215 :figs .5 ,6 ,pi .103 :figs .4-6 ,pi .108 :figs .9 ,10 [Zone P6 ,lower part, extending towards ,bu tno tto ,the periphera lmargin. DSD PHol e20C/6/3 7: 6-7 8cm B; raz iBl asin S, out hAtlanti cOcean ]p, i. DISCUSSION .— Morozovella gracilis occupies a morphol¬ 118 :figs .1-7 [Zone P7 D, SDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :83-85 cm ;Shatsk yRise, ogic/phylogenetic position intermediate between M .subboti- northwester nPacif iOc cean],—Belfor d1,984: 9p ,1i. 7f:ig s6.-1 [4upperPaleocen eW,ABA SGhe eatre aP,apu aN,e Gwuinea], nae and M .formosa (see also Pearson ,1993) .It differs from the Globorota M l(iaorozovell ao)cclu s coaf.cclu sLaoebli cahn Tdappan.—Blow, former in the increased number of chambers (5-6) in the final 1979:1007 ,pi .92 :figs .5 ,6 [Zone P4 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :83-85 cm; whorl ,which is associated with a looser (more evolute) coiling Shats Rkyi sneo,rthweste Prnac iOficcean]. mode ,and in the elevated spira lintercamera lsutures .Morozov¬ Globorotal i(aMorozovell ao)cclus carosswickens Oislsson.—Blow, ella formosa is characterized by a further increase in size and 1979:1011 p, i8. 8 f:igs 1. ,2 p, i2. 13 f:igs 1. , 2[uppe rpar to fZone P3 D, SDPHo l4e7.2/10/ 17:2-7 c4m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester nPacif iOc cean ]p,i. number of chambers (6-8) in the last whorl and concomitant 90 :figs .3-6 ,8 ,9 ,pi .213 :figs .3-5 ,pi .215 :figs .1-4 [lower par to fZone increase in the width of the umbilicus. Like most other P4 D, SD PHol e2 1A/3/6 7:4-7 6cm S;out hAtlanti cOcean], morozovellids ,particularly those morphotypes closely associ¬ Morozovel lsaimulati l(isSchwager).—Snyd earn Wd ater 1s,985:47 0p 9,i.: ated with the aequa-subbotinae-gracilis-marginodentata- fig s7.- 9[Zon eP4/ 5D, SD PSit e549/16/4 5:7-6 0cm n;ortheaster nAtlantic formosa plexus ,it has a complicated taxonomic history ,which Ocean]. is discussed in Berggren (1977) and Blow (1979). Globorotalia Original Description. —“Test free, of medium size, bolli El-Naggar (1966), it appears, includes morphotypes of trochospiral, spiral side flat, umbilical side convex with a very this plexas. We regard his pi. 22: fig. 6a-d as a morphotype of smal land deep umbilicus ,periphery keeled ,periphera loutline M. gracilis, in contrast to the holotype (pi. 22: fig. 5a-d), entire to slightly lobulate; chambers gradually increasing in which is a morphotype of M .subbotinae. size, 4 to 5, rarely 6, in the final whorl, of greatest thickness at Stable Isotopes.—-N o data available. the umbilical shoulder immediately adjacent to the narrow Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P5 to Zone P6b. umbilicus, umbilical shoulder subacutely rounded; sutures NUMBE 8R5 63 distinct, curved and oblique, thickened and flush to slightly Morozovella pasionensis (Bermudez ,1961) elevated on the spira lside ;radia land moderately depressed on the umbilical side; wall calcareous, finely perforate, surface Plate 17 :figures 7-9 ;Plate 52 :figures 1-15 smooth except for the thickened sutures on the spiral side and Pseudogloborotal ipaasionens iBsermude z1,961:134 6p ,1i. 6f:ig s8.a,b the periphera lkee lwhich may be marginally nodose to hirsute, [samp lGe-5 8R,i od Peasion EP,leten G,uatemala], umbilica lside with a somewhat granular appearance ,particu¬ Globorota pliasionen (sBisermudez).—Luterbach 1e9r,64:6 9te0x, t-fig. larly in the early region of the final whorl; aperture an 108a- c[topotype R, io de la Pasion E, Pl eten G, uatemala] t,ext-figs.109a-11 0[Gc loborota laiaequ Zaon Ge,ubb isoectio nce, ntr Aalpennines, interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilcal arch with a distinct Italy ]t,ext-fig 1. 1la— Gc[ loborotali avelascoensi sZone V, elasc oFm., l iapbove. Ebano e,aster nMexico a ;Gs s.p a.f fp.asionensis ]—. Samant a1,970:629, “Greatest diameter of holotype 0.45 mm.” (Loeblich and figs 1.1 1, 2[Zon eP4/5 u, ppe Mr arlston euni tP, ondicherr yFormation, Tappan 1, 957a 1: 91.) India], Diagnostic Characters. —Plano-convex to low bicon¬ Globorota vliealascoen sciasucas iGcalaessner.—El-Nagg a1r9,66:2 41p29i.,: vex, nearly circular test, 4-6 (rarely up to 8) chambers in last fig 6.a- Gc[ loborotali avelascoensi sZone G, ebe Al weina E, gypt ][.NotGlaes 1s9n3e7ra, .] whorl ,coalescing in a circular ,subacute ,weakly to moderately muricate umbilical shoulder and forming a narrow, deep Original Description. —“Test trochoid, planoconvex, dor¬ umbilicus; umbilical sutures depressed, radial; elevated and sal side plane or slightly convex and ventral side strongly beaded, tangentially curved on spiral side; sutures between convex, peripheral border lobulate and keeled but not sharp; final and penultimate whorl coarsely muricate; periphery chambers in two spiral whorls; all visible on the dorsal side and distinctly muricocarinate ;aperture an interiomarginal ,umbili- on the ventral side only the six or seven of the last whorl which cal-extraumbilic arlch. gradually increase in size ,sutures of the chambers depressed, Discussion. —The enhanced, expanded concept of M. slightly oblique on the dorsa lside and radia lon the ventra lside; occlusa applied by Hillebrandt (1962) to include biconvex umbilicus large where one can see some of the chambers of the forms with 5-8 chambers is followed herein (see also primary portion of the test; wall thin, completely covered by Gohrbandt, 1963; Luterbacher, 1964; Samanta, 1970). Blow short spines; aperture as a narrow groove at the base of the (1979) interpreted this form as a morphologically and septa lface of the last chamber .Diameter 0.50mm. ;height 0.25 phylogenetically advanced (descendant )form o fM .crosswick- mm.” (Bermudez ,1961:1346 ;translated from Spanish.) sensis Olsson, which was said to generally lack the circumum- Diagnostic Characters: Relatively large, low umbilico- bilica lmuricate coronet present in M .occlusa .The former was convex test with flat spiral side, distinctly lobulate, heavily described from Zone P3b (Homerstown Fm., New Jersey); the keeled periphery; generally 5-7 (but up to 10, particularly in latter was described from the Velasco Fm. (Zone P4) and is younger, Zone P4c-P5 horizons) relatively equidimensional characteristic of Zones P4 and P5 .We include crosswicksensis chambers in fina lwhorl ,but with insertion of smaller chambers in the concept of the taxon occlusa ; it bears a similar between larger chambers in some individuals; intercameral relationship to that observed in the Acarinina coalingensisl sutures depressed ,radia lon umbilica lside ;curved ,moderately triplex (earlier rounded periphery )-primitiva (later angular retorse, raised and beaded on spiral side; umbilicus wide but peripher ym) orphotyp isceries. shallow ,periumbilica lcollar only weakly developed ;aperture Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella occlusa has 5 13 C and 8 I8 0 a low slit extending along peri-intraumbilical margin to similar to coexisting M. velascoensis and Acarinina mckannai periphera lmargin o flas tchamber. and more positive 8 13 C and more negative 5 18 0 than Subbotina DISCUSSION. —This highly variable taxon differs from the spp. (Shackleton et al., 1985; Lu and Keller, 1996). closely related M .velascoensis in having a more loosely coiled, Stratigraphic Range. —Top of Zone P3b (typical cross¬ less vaulted angulo-conica ltest and a widely varying number of wicksensis); Zone P4-P5 (typica locclusa). chambers .The chambers may be either essentially equidimen¬ Global Distribution. —This species is widespread in the sional, or there may be smaller, kummeform-like chambers low to middle latitudes. inserted in the normal chamber progression of the last whorl. Origin of Species. —This species probably evolved from Morozovella pasionensis also has a relatively wider and M. pasionenesis by a decrease in umbilical size, development shallower umbilicus and a more weakly ornamented perium- of a biconvex test, and reduction of the muricate, sharp bilcia clollar. adumbilica lridges to lightly muricate ,gently rounded surfaces Basic analyses of this taxon were made by Luterbacher around the umbilicus .Morozovella occlusa is a sister species to (1964) and Blow (1979). The latter observed that the M. acutispira, with which it shares the biconvex test shape and “holotype” individua lo fPseudogloborotalia pasionensis Ber¬ relativel yconstricte dumbilicus. mudez at the National Museum of Natural History is coiled in Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5874) and paratypes a direction (sinistral) opposite to that of the photograph (USNM P5866) deposited in the Cushman Collection ,National (dextral) of the “holotype” (Bermudez, 1961, pi. 16: fig. 8a,b); Museum of Natural History. Examined by WAB, RDN, and however, it is the specimen (identified as Pseudogloborotalia RKO. velascoensis (Cushman)) illustrated on pi. 16: fig. lla,b (and 64 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY not that illustrated as fig. 8a,b), which is the holotype of [Zon eP3 D, SD PHol e47.2/10/2 8:0-8 2cm S;hatsk yRise n, orthwestern pasionensis and which was examined by Blow and ourselves in Pa Ocicfiecan]. the Cushman Collection (USNM 639063). The holotype of P Original Description. —“The test is comprised of about pasionensis shows characters similar to P .velascoensis ,which 11-12 chambers coiled in a low, but comparatively lax, indicate its close relationship with that taxon, but it has a low trochospire with 5'/2 chambers visible in the last convolution of conical test as opposed to the high conical test typical of P. the test .In dorsa laspect ,the chambers are longer tangentially velascoensis. Luterbacher (1964) provided a revised and than radially broad with the dorsal intercameral sutures amplified description of this species based on topotypes strongly recurved to vorticiform in the earlier parts of the last supplied by Bermudez .The analyses of Blow and Luterbacher convolution; the dorsal intercameral sutures are distinctly are essentially compatible ,with the exception tha tLuterbacher incised and are no tpseudolimbate bu tare weakly muricate (see (1964) recorded 5-7 chambers as typical of this form ,whereas Plate 212: fig. 1). The equatorial profile is lobulate and the Blow (1979) noted 9-10 (and occasionally up to 12) chambers peripheral margin does not bear a continuous muricocarina. in the fina lwhorl. However ,the periphera lmargin is strongly muricate (cf .Plate Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella pasionensis has 5 13 C and 212 : figs. 1 and 2) but the muricae are not fused or coalesced 8 18 0 similar to coexisting M. velascoensis and Acarinina together. In axial-aperture profile, the test is piano-conic (cf. mckanna iand more positive 8 13 C and more negative 5 18 0 than paratype in Plate 84: fig. 8) with the dorsal side nearly flat and Subbotina spp. (Shackleton et al., 1985; Lu and Keller, 1996). the ventra lside strongly vaulted ;the periphera lmargin is seen Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3b to Zone P5. Luter¬ to be subacute in this axial-apertura laspect .In ventra laspect, bacher (1964) considered “ pasionensis ” restricted to the the umbilicus is open and deep and the ventral intercameral Globorotalia aequa Zone (= Zone P6a this paper), whereas Blow (1979) considered it restricted to (his) Zone P5 (i.e., prior sutures are radially disposed and quite deeply incised. The to the appearance of M. subbotinae) with questionable or primary aperture opens from the umbilicus to abou ttwo-thirds sporadic occurrences in (his) Zones P4 and P6. In our studies, of the way towards the periphery. The wall is muricate with a we have found that M. pasionensis appears slightly higher or peripheral concentration of muricae. Maximum diameter of later than the initia lappearance of M .velascoensis in Zone P3b, holotype 0.32 mm.” (Blow ,1979:942.) and that it ranges throughout Zones P4 and P5. We have not Diagnostic Characters. —Planoconvex, moderately lob¬ observed it ranging into post-M velascoensis (Zone P5) levels. ulate test with 5-6 tangentially elongate chambers in last It was ancestral to M. acutispira and M. occlusa, which appear whorl ;umbilica lsutures straigh tto weakly curved ,depressed/ in the termina lpart of Zone P3b. incised ;spira lintercamera lsutures incised ,weakly muricate, Global Distribution. —Our observations agree with those strongly recurved ;periphera lmargin strongly muricate bu tnot of Blow (1979) that M. pasionensis had an essentially tropical muricocarinate; umbilicus narrow, deep with aperture an (but not necessarily solely equatoria lPacific Ocean) distribu¬ interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilical slit (bordered by a tion. distinct intraperiumbilical lip in well-preseved specimens) Origin of Species. —This species probably evolved from extending nearly to the periphera lmargin. M .velascoensis through a reduction in spire height ,a decrease DISCUSSION.— Examination of the holotype (3514/6) and in the ornament around the umbilicus, and an increase in the severa lparatypes o fAcarinina quadratoseptata Davidzon and numbe or cfhambers. Morozova, 1964, in the micropaleontological collections of REPOSITORY.— Holotype (USNM 639063) deposited in the GAN in Moscow suggests that this form may be a senior Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. synonym of M. praeangulata Blow. We retain the name Examined by WAB, RDN, and BTH. praeangulata in this work, however, for the reasons given below. The holotype and one of the paratypes (3514/7) of quadratoseptata are characterized by 5 chambers in the last Morozovella praeangulata (Blow ,1979) whorl and slightly (but distinctly) curved sutures sloping to a Plate 53 f:igure s1-13 rounded to subangular ,lobulate ,noncarinate periphery .In both Transition afol r mbetwee Gnloborotal iuancina tBao lalin Gdloborotalia specimens ,the early whorls are obscured ,the tests are poorly angulat a(White).—Boll i1, 957a:74 p, i1. 7 f:igs 1. 0-1 2[Zon eP3 l,ower preserved (strongly recrystallized), and the last chamber for Liza rSdprin gFsm T.r,inidad], each is missing. Paratype 3514/8 has a quadrate test and flat A?carinin qauadratoseptat Da avidzo nan dMorozov a1,964:2 83, 0p , 2if.:ig. early whorls, and the chambers of its last whorl slope toward a la- c[holotype] f,igs 2. a-3 c[Zone P2/3 equivalent u, ppe rpar to fthe distinctly subangular periphery. The test of this paratype is Chaaldzh Fam (“. transition ableds” K),izilcheshm weel lK,,yurendag, homeomorphic with the Pliocene noncarinate Globorotalia Turkmenia []i npar tn,o ttext-fig la. -( cA=carinin ma ckann a(iWhite))]. Globorotal i(aAcarinina p)raeangulat Balow 1,979:942-94 4p ,8i. 2f:ig s 56., crassaformis. The remaining paratype (3514/9) is distinctly [Zon eP 2S,ampl eD B17 6t,yp elocalit oy Gf loborotali auncinat aZone n,ear different ,as it comes from a different locality and stratigraphic Pointe a Pierre s, outhern Trinidad] p, i .83 :fig .6 [Zone P2 D, SDP Hole level, and it is referable to Acarinina mckannai. The drawing of 47.2/10/3 :18-20 cm] ,pi .84 :figs .1 ,7 ,pi .212 :figs .1 ,2 [holotype] ,fig .8 this specimen is misleading and gives the impression of a NUMBE 8R5 65 morozovellid. A farther problem lies in the fact that the Museum, London. Paratype (USNM P5074) deposited in the specimens coi lin the opposite direction to what is shown in the Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. illustrations. The negatives were apparently retouched and Paratype (USNM P5074) examined by WAB and RDN. print ebdackwards. The Russian authors compared their new species with Morozovella subbotinae (Morozova ,1939) Acarinina pentacamerata Morozova, 1961, and A. praecurso- ria Morozova ,1961 .Although believing that quadratoseptata Figure 24 ;Plate 54 :figures 1-12 may indeed be a senior synonym of praeangulata by 15 years, Globorotalia subbotinae Morozova 1, 939:80 p, i2. :figs 1. 6 1, 7 [upper the fact that the type materia lof quadratoseptata is very poorly Paleocene b, as eo sfectio na ctemetar ya At sankozha l,ef bt an ko Ef mba preserved and has been virtually ignored in Soviet/Russian Rive rSp,a ro tEfmb ao filield K,azak hS.S.R ( .=Kazakhstan)].—Shutskaya, literature (it was not mentioned by Shutskaya ,1970a ,1970b ,in 1956:98 ,99 ,pi .4 :fig .4 [Globorotalia subbotinae Zone ,CherkesskFormation N, al’chik n, orthern Caucasus ][in part n, o tp i4. f:ig 3. a,b ?;= her comprehensive review of Paleocene-lower Eocene plank¬ Acarini nwailcoxensi s—].Luterbache 1r9, 64:67 t6e,xt-fig 8s5. a-86 8c9, a- tonic foraminifera )leads us to retain the name praeangulata for 9 0 G[cloborotal iaequ Zaon eG,ubb iosection c,entr aAlpennine sIt,aly], t hmisorphospecies. text-f i8g8. Ga [-locborota lfioarmo sfoarmosa!Globorota lsiaubbotinae STABLE Isotopes. — Morozovella praeangulata has 5 13 C Zon Ge,ubb sioectio nce, ntr Aalpennine Ist,aly],—Shutskay 1a9, 70 1a1: p9i,. and 8 I8 0 values similar to M. angulata and more positive 8 13 C 13 f:ig 6.a-c p, i1.4 f:ig 6.a- c[Globorotali asubbotina eZone C, huruk-Su,Kac hRaiv seerctio Bna, kchissaray aSntag Bea, khchissar arye sao,uthwest¬ and more negative 8 ls O values than Subbotina spp. (Shackle- er nCrimea ]p ,3i. 8f:ig 9.a -[cGloborotal isaubbotina Zeon eM, al yBialkhan ton et al. ,1985). Ridg me,idd Dleani aFmn w.e, ste Trnurkmenia].—Luterbach e1r9,75a:732, Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P2 to Zone P3a. p 2 if.:ig 2.a, b[Globorotal ifaormos faormos Zaon eD, SD PSit 3e05/12/CC; Global Distribution. —The few localities where this Shatsk yRise n, orthwester nPacifi cOcean ]1;975b:65 p, i2 .f:igs 3.1-33 species has been identified suggests a low to middle latitude [Globorota lsiaubbotin aZeon Peo, ssagn soectio Tnr,evisian Porovince,Italy], distribution. Globorotali are xMartin 1, 943:117 p, i8. f:ig 2. a- c[Zon eP6 L, od oFm .L, odo Origin of Species. —Bolli (1957a) proposed that Globoro- Gulch ,Fresno Co. ,California].—Bolli ,1957a:75 ,pi .18 :figs .10-12 talia (= Morozovella) angulata was derived from Globorotalia [Globorotal irae Zxon eu,pp eLrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad]. (= Praemurica) uncinata. He illustrated a form (pi. 17: figs. Globoro tTa r(luiancorotal iaae)q usiamulat i(lSischwager).—Hillebrandt, 10-12) that he considered transitional between M. uncinata 1962:134 1, 35 p, i1. 3 f:igs 6. a-c 7, 8, a- c[Zon eG R, eichenhall-Salzburg and M. angulata. Blow (1979) accepted Bolli’s proposed Bas iAnu, stro-Germ abnorde [rN] .Socthwag e1r8,83.]Globorotali aboll iEi l-Naggar 1, 966:202 p, i2. 2 f:ig 5. a- d[Globorotalia phylogeny and selected this specimen as a paratype to support wilcoxens iZson eT,hebe Csalcareou Sshal eG,eb eAlwein aE,gyp t[ ]ipnart, his documentation of M. praeangulata as the stem form of the no tp i2. 2 :fig 6. a-d (= M g. racili s(Bolli))]. morozovellid lineage .The transition to M .praeangulata would Globorotal inaartanens iSshutskay a1,970b 1:18-12 0p ,1i.5 f:ig s2.a- c8,a-c have involved the development of a more pronounced [Globorota lsiaubbotin aZeon Ceh, uruk-S Kua, ch Raiv esrectio Bn,akhchi- conicotruncat etes tand concomitan tchang etoward equidimen- ssar areggio Bna,khchissaray aStna gseo,uthweste Crnrime [aN] G,oltoboro¬ siona l(as opposed to tangentially elongate) chambers ,as well tali anartanens iSshutskaya 1,956:96-98 p, i5.4 f:ig 2.a- (c =M l.ensiformisSubb o1t9in5a3,).] as formation of a thicker (and ultimately) muricocarinate Globorotal i{aMorozovell a)equ rae Mxartin.—Jenkin 1s,971:10 1,0 2p 7,i.: peripheral margin. This has been the traditional view of the fig s1.80-18 [2Globigerin wa ilcoxens iZson eW, aipawa Sntag eM, iddle origin of Morozovella. An alternate view, as noted in “Wall Waipa rRaiv eserctio Nn,e Zwealand]. Texture ,Classification ,and Phylogeny,” is that the wal ltexture Morozovel lsaubbotina (eMorozova).—Berggre n1,97 b1:7 6p 5,fi.i:g s1 .01,1 of M. praeangulata developed with pustule buildup on a [Globorotal isaubbotina Zeon eD,SD HPo l2e0C/5/ 61:00-10 c2m B;razil smooth “globorotaliid” surface in contras tto the praemuricate Basin S,out hAtlant iOc cean],—Snyde arn dWater s1,985:442 4,43 p, i9.: wall texture of uncinata. In this view M. praeangulata fig s1.0-1 2[DSD PHol e548A/28/3 7:0-7 4cm G; oba nSpu rn,ortheasternAtlan Oticean].—Toumarki na neLudterbach e1r9,85:1 1te2,xt-f 1ig5.:9a-c originated from a smooth-walled Globanomalina, such as G. [reillustratio no hf olotyp eo Gf loborotali are xMartin 1,943 ]t,ext-fig. imitata ,which has pustules covering the walls of early formed 15:10a [-rceillustratio ohnfoloty poGefloborota lsiaubbotin aMeorozova, anguloconical chambers (Plate 4: Figures 11-13, 16, Plate 36: 1939 ]t,ext-fig 1.5 :l1a -[creillustratio no sfpecime nfrom northwestern Figures 8-12) .These chambers are similar to those observed in Crime aidentifie db ySubbotina 1, 953 p, i1. 7 f:ig 1. 3a- ca sGloborotalia the modem Globorotalia scitula (Plate 3: Figure 8), which was crassat aCushman],—Hube r1, 991b:440 p, i4. f:ig 9[.Zon eAP6A O, DP a stem form for severa lgloborotaliid lineages in the Neogene. Ho 7le38C/10 R27: 7. 7m8b sKf;erguele Pnlatea suo, uthe rIndia Oncean],—Lu and Keller ,1993:123 ,pi .4 :fig .19 [thei rMorozovella subbotinae Thus ,the initia lstep in the evolution of M. praeangulata would Subzon eo Zfon eAP5 AJPlanorotalite asustraliform iZson eo Sfto tatnd have involved the suppression of the later stages of ontogeny Kennet t1, 990 O; D PHol e738C/11/1R 1: 5-1 7cm K; erguele nPlateau, by speeding up the rate of maturation and the development of souther nIndia nOcean ]1;995:102 p, i1 .f:ig s1.1-1 3[the iSrubzon eP6bx, a more pustulose ,conicotruncate adult test .This change in the DSD SPit 5e77/9/ 65:3-5 c5m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOc cean], timing of maturation would account for the small size of the Globorot aM l(iaorozov es lu)labbotin aseubbotin a(eMorozova).—Blow, early forms o fM .praeangulata. 1979:1018-1021 ,pi .102 :figs .1-5 ,pi .219 :figs .1-4 [Zone P6 o fBlow, Repository. —Holotype (BP Cat. No. 38/15) andparatypes 1979 D; SD PHol e20C/6/3 7:6-7 8cm B; raz iBl asin S,out hAtlant iOc cean],pi. Ill: figs. 6-8 [Zone P7 of Blow ,1979 ,Sample KRE 83F ,Moogli (BP Cat. Nos. 33/3, 33/9, 38/6, 38/14, 38/16, 41/54) deposited Mudstones K, agua P, apua N, ew Guinea] p, i1. 15 :figs 3. - 5[Zone P 7of in the micropalentological collections at The Natural History Blow ,1979 ,Sample RS 80 ,Kilwa area ,Tanzania ;also pi .115 :fig .6 as 66 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY Globorotal i Ma( orozovella s)p s.pecime ne xinter cG (.M .a)equ alacerti this indicative of high productivity, and M. marginodentata Cushma nan dRen azn dG (.M s)ubbotina seubbotina Me orozova p] ,1i.19: figs .4-10 ,pi .219 :figs .5 ,6 ,pi .220 :figs .1-6 ,pi .222 :figs .1-7 [Zone P7 was, accordingly, identified only as a variant of M. subbotinae o fBlow ,1979 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/3 :82-85 cm] ,pi .127 :figs .6 ,7 [Zone (cf. Berggren, 1971b, who had suggested earlier that M. P8a o fBlow ,1979 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/2 :71-73 cm] ,pi .123 :fig .8 [Zone marginodentata might be synonymous, an ecophenotypic P8b o fBlow ,1979 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/8/1 :77-79 cm ;Shatsky Rise, variant of M .gracilis). northwestern Pacifi cOcean] p, i1. 03 f:igs 2. 7, 9, p, i2. 23 f:igs 1. 2,[Zon eP6 STABLE Isotopes. — Morozovella subbotinae has 8 I3 C and o Bf low 1,979 D, SD PHol e20C/6/3 7:6-7 8cm B; raz iBl asin S,out hAtlantic Ocean], 5 I8 0 similar to M. velascoensis and Acarinina nitida and has more positive 8 13 C and more negative 5 ls O than Subbotina Original Description. —“Test lenticular, composed of triangularis (D’Hondt et al., 1994). Morozovella subbotinae 2—2'/2 spira lwhorls .Periphera lmargin acute ,lobulate ,with a displays a pronounced increase in 5 13 C with increased test size keel and fine, irregular denticulations. Dorsal side slightly but little corresponding change in 5 18 0 (D’Hondt et al., 1994). convex, ventral side conical, the side inclined at an angle of Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P5 to Zone P6b. 25-30° to the dorsal side. Umbilicus narrow but deep. In the last whorl, there are 4-5 chambers rapidly increasing in size. Global Distribution. — Morozovella subbotinae is a geo¬ Sutures deep near the umbilicus ,becoming shallower toward graphically widespread morphospecies. It is recorded in the periphery. Wall thin, spinose. Aperture in the form of a (sub)tropica lassemblages in Atlantic ,Indo-Pacific ,and typical narrow slit, extending from the umbilicus to the peripheral Tethyan biogeographies and as far south as 60° in association margin. with the early Eocene (Zone P6) extra-tropical excursion of “Dimensions.—Diameter, 0.36 mm; thickness, 0.20 mm.” carinate morozovellids on the Kerguelen Plateau (Huber, (Morozova ,1939:80 ;translated from Russian.) 1991b, ODP Site 738; Berggren, 1992, ODP Site 747) (Figure Diagnostic Characters. —Relatively large (to 0.5 mm 24). maximum diameter), planoconvex to weakly biconvex test Origin of Species .— Morozovella subbotinae evolved from with moderately lobulate ,strongly/thickly keeled periphery; M. aequa through the enhanced development of peripheral 4-472 chambers in last whorl ,generally covered with muricae muricocarina ,a heightened anguloconica lumbilica lside ,and on umbilical side, spiral side relatively smooth; umbilical and an increase in tes tsize. spira lintercamera lsutures weakly curved ,tangentia lon spiral Repository. —Holotype (Slide No. 700) deposited in the side yielding trapezoidal-shaped chambers ;circumumbilical micropaleontological collections at VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, chamber tips weakly ornamented by muricae and surrounding Russia. deep, narrowly open umbilicus; aperture a low, umbilical- extraumbilica lsli textending almos tto periphery and bordered Morozovella velascoensis (Cushman ,1925) by weak lip. DISCUSSION .—Thi srobus tspecie si sa characteristi celement Figure 25 ;Plate 17 :figures 10-12 ;Plate 55 :figures 1-15 o flatest Paleocene and early Eocene planktonic assemblages. Pulvinulin vaelascoens iCsushman 1,925:1 9p , 3if.:ig 5.a -[cVelasc oFm S.,an Morozovella subbotinae has had a convoluted taxonomic Lu Pisoto Tsia,mpi cEombayme neta,ste rMnexico]. history. It is generally agreed by specialists that Globorotalia Globorotal ivaelascoens i(sCushman).—Whit e1,928:28 1p ,3i. 8fi: g2.a-c subbotinae Morozova ,1939 ,is a senior synonym of Globoro¬ [Velasc Soha lFem e.,aster Mn exico].—Cushma ann Rden z1,946:4 7p ,8i.: talia rex Martin, 1943 (see Berggren, 1977; Blow, 1979, for fig s1. 31 [,4lowe Lrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad],—Subbotin a1,947:12 3p,i. 7fi:g s9.-1 [1Globortal ivaelascoens Zison eS,unzh Raiv esrectio n,orthern discussions). In the (former) Soviet Union this taxon was Caucasus p] , 9if.i:g s2.1-2 [3Globorotal ivaelascoens iZson eK,uba Rniver identified with (the middle Eocene) Globorotalia crassata, section n, orther nCaucasus].—L eRoy 1, 953:33 p, i3. f:igs 1. - 3[Maqfi Cushman ,1925 (nomen non conservandum ,fide Blow ,1979 = section E,gypt].—Haque 1,956:181 p, i2.4 f:ig 2.a- [cuppe Praleocene, Morozovella spinulosa (Cushman, 1927b)) (see Subbotina, Namma Gl orge S,a lRtange P,akistan],—Boll i1,957a:76 p, i2.0 f:ig s1.-4 194 71,953). [Globorotali apseudomenard iZione l,owe Lrizar dSpring Fsm .T,ri¬nidad],—Loeblic han dTappan 1, 957a 1: 96 p, i6. 4 f:igs l.a-2 c[Zon eP4, Blow (1979) drew attention to the close similarities between Velasc oFm T.,amaulipa sM, exico].—Bo lalin dCita 1,960:391 p, i3.5 f:ig. M .subbotinae (Morozova) ,M .marginodentata (Subbotina), 7a [-Gcloborota pliaseudomenar dZoiin Pea,dem do’Ad dseactio nno,rthern and M. gracilis (Bolli). In fact, he separated M. gracilis from M. Italy],—Sai dan dKerdany 1, 961:330 p, i1. f:ig l.Oa- c[lowe rEsn aShale subbotinae at the subspecies level based on the increase in Fm .W, ester nDeser tE,gypt].—Shufskaya 1,970b 1:18-120 p, i2.3 f:ig. chamber number (from 472 in subbotinae to 572-6 in gracilis ), 3a-c p, i2. 4 f:ig 5. a- c[Acarinin atadjikistanensi sdjanensi sSubzone, which is associated with the development of a somewhat more Kacha Sntag Tea, rkhank uPteninsu lCar, ime Oa,len ePvlatform B,orin 2g10,517-527 m] p, i2. 5 :fig 5. a- c[same zone a sabove b, u tfrom boring 229, evolute coiling mode and more vorticiform spira lintercameral 637-64 1m ]p, i2. 7 f:ig 1. 2a- c[Acarnin aacarinat aZone K, acha nStage, sutures in M. gracilis, and on the slightly different (shorter) Tarkhanku Pteninsul aC,rimea p] ,2i. 9fi: g8.a -[cGloborotal iaequ Zaone, stratigraphic range of M. gracilis. The development of a Bakhchissara ySatna Tgaer,khan Pkuetnins uClrai,mea],—Luterbacher, strongly dentate (fimbriate )muricocarina (marginodentata )on 1975a:72 6p , 1if.:ig 8.a ,b[Globorotal ipaseudomenard Ziion eD,SD SPite305/14/ 13: 5-1 3c8m Sh; ats kRyis neo, rthweste rPnaci fOiccean],—Pujol, some morphotype swa sregarded a san ecophenotypi cvariation 1983:644 ,pi .3 :fig .9 [Zone P5 ,DSDP Hole 516F/84/5 :13-15 cm ;Rio within the subbotinae plexus of morphotypes .He considered Gran dRei seo,uthweste Arntlan Oticean]. NUMBE 8R5 67 180°W 135°W 90°W 45°W 45°E 90°E 135°E FIGUR 2 E—4.Paleobiogeograph mica sphowin dgistributio oMnforozove lslaubbotin a(eMorozov aZin)on ePs5 a Pn6d. Pseudogloborot avleialascoen (sCiusshman).—Bermud 1e9z6, 1:1 31 p46i9:. , nearly radiate ,straight ,much depressed ,surface roughened fig l1a. , b[Velasc oStation T,ampico-Sa nLu iPsoto sRiailwa yM, exico], with very minute, low spinose processes which rather Globorota l(iTaruncorotal ivae)lascoen svieslascoen s(iCsushman).— Hillebrand t1, 962:169 p, i1. 3 f:igs 1. 6-2 1[Zon eD =Globorotali apusilla uniformly cover the entire test; aperture elongate ,narrow ,on pusi lZlaon (eupp eprar tR),eichenhall-Salzbu rBgasi nA,ustro-German the ventral side [of] the last-formed chamber extending from border]. near the periphery almost to the umbilical area.” (Cushman, Truncorotalo i(dMeosrozov evlelala)scoe n(Csuisshman).—McGowran, 1925:19.) 1968:190 p, i2. f:ig 1[.Velasc oFm .E, bano M, exico], Diagnostic Characters. —Relatively large (maximum Globor oMt oa(lrioazove vlleal)ascoen vseislascoen (sCius shman).—Jenkins, 1971:10 7p 9f,ii.:g 2s.14-21 [6Globigerin tariloculinoide Zson eW, aipawan diameter >0.5 mm), robust, plano-convex, nearly circular, Stag eM, idd lWe aipa rRaiv esrectio nN,e Zwealand].—Blo w1,979:102 9p,i. moderately lobulate test composed of about 15-16 chambers 92 :fig .7 [Zone P4 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/9/3 :70-72 cm ;Shatsky Rise, arranged in 2'/2—3 whorls; last whorl with 6-7 (rarely 8) northwestern Pacifi cOcean] p, i9. 4 f:igs 6. -9 p, i9. 5 f:igs 1. 2, p, i2. 16 f:igs. anguloconica lchambers whose tips surround moderately open 1-8 ,pi .217 :figs .1-6 [Zone P5 ,Samples FCRM .1670 ,Lind iarea, Tanzania] ,pi .99 :figs .3 ,4 [Zone P5 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/9/1 :64-66 cm; umbilicus; umbilicus surmounted by an “adumbilical” or Shatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOc cean].—Belfor d1,984:1 0p , 1if.i: g2., circum-umbilical rim (“collar”) of fused muricae; umbilical p 1i. 9f:ig s1.-1 [2uppe Praleocen eW, aba gShee atre aP,apu aN, e wGuinea]. sutures radial ,depressed ,moderately to strongly curved ,raised Morozove vllealascoen s(Cisushman).—Toumarki na nLeudterbacher, and beaded on spiral side; wall finely perforate, distinctly 1985:109 t,ext-figs 1.1 1, 2[fig 1.1 r:eillustratio no Bf oll i1,957a p, i2.0 f:igs. muricocarinate periphery, but spiral chamber surfaces often 1-3 f;ig 1.2 r:eillustratio no hf olotyp efrom Cushman 1,925 p, i3 .f,ig 5.a-c], nearly free of muricae; aperture a low, interiomarginal, Original Description. —“Test plano-convex, the dorsal umbilical-extraumbilic arlch. side flat or even slightly concave, ventral side very much DISCUSSION. —This is the type species of the genus produced, periphery carinate, subacute, the series of which Morozovella McGowran (in Luterbacher, 1964) and one of the surround a depressed umbilica larea ;about seven chambers in mos tcharacteristic and easily recognized Paleocene morozov- the last-formed coil ;sutures distinct ,on the dorsa lside curved, ellids. It has been assigned to various genera and subgenera marked by a series of small ,bead-like processes ,the periphery over the past half century but would appear to have found a of each with a slightly raised carina which marks also the line suitable home in the genus Morozovella as defined by of coiling in the central portion, ventral side with the sutures McGowran in Luterbacher (1964; see also McGowran, 1968). 68 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS OPALEOBIOLOGY --^=p^-r-f=^+~^+ + +•.+ +• 4 4 4 4 + + + 4 + 4.4 + + + .+ + 4 * + + t * + + + + + + + 1+ 4 4 + 4 + + + [+ + + + + 4 + + 4, 4 + 4 4 180°W 135°W 90°W 45°W FIGU R2E5. —Paleobiogeograph mic asphowin dgistributio oMnforozove lvlaelascoens (iCsushma Znino) n ePs4 a Pn5d. This species has been confused with the heterochronously P6, which occurs in mid-Chron C24r, and is closely correlative isomorphic form M. caucasica (Glaessner) (see Subbotina, with the Paleocene/Eocene boundary as denoted in the Belgian 1953, pi. 19: figs. la-2c, who identified strongly muricocari- and/or London-Hampshire Basin(s) of northwestern Europe nate and circumumbilically muricate forms from the lower (Berggren and Aubry ,1996) (Figure 25). Eocene zone o fconica lgloborotaliids o fthe northern Caucasus Origin of Species. —This species evolved from Morozov¬ as G. velascoensis ; see also El-Naggar, 1966, who was equally ella conicotruncata (Subbotina) within Subzone P3b by the confused by the distinctions between these two taxa ,and Blow, acquisition of coarsely muricate adumbilical ridges, the 1979, for clarification of the problems associated with complete loss of muricae on the spiral chamber surfaces and separation and recognition o fthese two forms). between the murcrocarina and umbilical collar, as well as the Stable Isotopes. — Morozovella velascoensis has 5 ,3 C formation o fa thick ,coarsely muricate mucrocarina. similar to coexisting species of Morozovella and Acarinina and Repository. —Holotype (USNM CC4347) deposited in the more positive 6 I3 C and more negative 5 18 0 than Subbotina Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. (Boersma and Premoli Silva, 1983; Shackleton et al., 1985; Examined by WAB and RDN. D’Hondt et al., 1994). Morozovella velascoensis displays a pronounced increase in 5 I3 C with increased test size but little corresponding change in 8 I8 0 (D’Hondt et al., 1994). This Genus Igorina Davidzon, 1976 species typically has more negative 5 18 0 than all other TYPE Species. — Igorina tadjikistanensis (Bykova, 1953). analyzed species of Morozovella (Berggren and Norris ,1997). Original Description. —“Test free, bilaterally convex. Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3b to Zone P5 (top). Equatoria loutline round ,slightly undulate .Axia loutline takes Global Distribution. — Morozovella velascoensis has a the form of a bilateral cone with variable vertex angles. wide geographic distribution but is a predominantly Chambers on spiral side alate, on umbilical side triangular. (sub)tropica lto temperate form ;it has not been recorded from Umbilicus small or absent. Aperture a slit at the base of the high northern or southern (subantarctic) latitudes (> 45° N or septa lsurface o fthe last chamber .Surface o fchambers smooth S) .The disappearance of this taxon is a distinct biostratigraphic or almost uniformly covered with small spines.” (Davidzon, event that is used to define the boundary between Zones P5 and 1976:197 ;translated from Russian.) NUMBE 8R5 69 Diagnostic Characters. —Test small, biconvex, may side only the last-formed whorl ,periphery somewha trounded; have a peripheral keel; chambers, ovoid or low conical in chambers not very distinct, 9 to 10 in the last-formed whorl, shape, 5-6 in final whorl; wall, coarsely cancellate, praemuri- only slightly inflated ventrally, increasing very gradually in cate ,often with a thick ,encrusted pustulose layer covering the size as added; sutures fairly distinct but only slightly depressed praemuricate wall; aperture, interiomarginal, umbilical- except in the last whorl on the ventral side, rather strongly extraumbilical, a low arch bordered by a thin lip. recurved on the dorsal side; wall slightly spinose, coarsely Discussion. —As Pearson (1993:212) observed, the group perforate; aperture an elongate opening on the ventral side of of “biconvex, muricate morozovellids” (see Boersma and the last-formed chamber extending from nearly the inner end to Premoli Silva, 1983; Premoli Silva and Boersma, 1989)— the periphery and with a distinct thin lip. Diameter 0.30-0.32 including the pusilla-laevigata, convexa, and broedermanni mm; thickness 0.20 mm.” (Cushman and Bermudez ,1949:33.) plexus of forms—is probably distinct from Acarinina and Diagnostic Characters. —Moderately to strongly bicon¬ mainstream morozovellids H. econsidered thes eform sinappro¬ vex, essentially circular, cancellate, pustulose test with 6-8 priately placed in Igorina Davidzon (Loeblich and Tappan, chambers in fina lwhorl ;intercamera lsutures on umbilica lside 1988) ,inasmuch as the type species of the latter ,Globorotalia radia lto weakly recurved yielding triangular-shaped chambers; tadjikistanensis Bykova ,was considered an enigmatic ,bicon¬ strongly recurved and exhibiting distinc tlimbation on the spiral vex morozovellid from the upper part of Zone P3a, and side, particularly between the last 3-4 chambers, yielding probably is related to conicotruncata .Recent examination and trapezoidal-shaped chambers; peripheral margin distinctly SEM reillustration of the holotypes of Globorotalia tadjikista¬ carinate ,particularly on last chambers of fina lwhorl; aperture nensis Bykova (pi. 11: figs. 4-6) and Globorotalia convexa a low interiomarginal ,umbilical-extraumbilica larch extend¬ Subbotina (pi. 11: figs. 1-3) ,however ,have shown these forms ing towards ,but not to ,the periphera lmargin. to be synonymous ,with tadjikistanensis having priority. Discussion. —Comparison of the type specimens (Plate 16: Igorinids are characterized by thei rsmall ,coarsely cancellate Figures 1-6) of Globorotalia albeari Cushman and Renz, tests, evolute coiling, and distinctive blunt, praemuricate 1946, and G. pusilla laevigata Bolli, 1957a, by Blow (1979) surface texture. We believe that the Igorinids evolved from and Berggren (1960, 1965, 1968, 1969a, 1977) have confirmed Praemurica about the time of appearance of the first the suspicions previously raised by Postuma (1971) of the morozovellids (M. praeangulata, M. angulata). Like many synonymy of these two forms. Most notable is the presence of globigerininid groups, the igorinids show a trend toward a distinct peripheral carina in this taxon that was not shown in chamber compression and development of a periphera lkeel, the holotype illustration by Cushman and Renz (1946) nor, but this trend is reversed in the Eocene with the evolution of the surprisingly, in the refiguration of the holotype by Cifelli and Ib. roedermann gi roup. Belford (1977). We have observed a wide range of variation in the degree of convexity of the spiral side in this taxon and have Igorina albeari (Cushman and Bermudez, 1949) tried to convey this variation in Plate 56: Figures 1-16. Theumbilical side is generally less convex than the spiral side, and Figure 26 ;Plate 16 :figures 1-6 ;Plate 56 :figures 1-16 the final chamber is often flattened and smoother (less Globorotali a lbea rCi ushma nan dBermudez 1,949:33 p, i6 .f:igs 1.3-15 pustulose )than the remainde ro fthe test. [holotyp fero mstratigraph liecv welith isnubsequent dlyescribe (d1957) Stable Isotopes. — Igorina albeari has 5 13 C more negative Globorota lpiaseudomenard Zioi n Me,adrug Fam C.,uba].—Cife allni d Belfor d1,977:10 0p ,1if.i:g s4. -[6holotyp reeillustrated]. than Acarinina and Morozovella but more positive than Globorotali apusill alaevigat aBol l1i,957a:78 p, 2i.0 f:ig s5. - G7[ loborotalia Subbotina and Globanomalina. The 8 18 0 of I. albeari is more pseudomenard Ziion eL,izar dSpring Fsm T.,rinidad].—Bo lalin dCita, negative than Subbotina and Globanomalina but is more 1960:27 p, i3.2 f:ig 6.a - G[cloborotali apseudomenard iZione P,ademo positive than Morozovella (Berggren and Norris ,1997). d’Adda n,orther nItaly].—Hillebrand t1,962:128 1,29 p, i1.1 f:ig 1.7a-c Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3a/P3b boundary to Zone [Globorota plisaeudomena rZdoi inRe,ichenhall-Salzbu Brag sAinu,stro- P4. Germa nborder].—McGowran 1,965:63 p, 6i .f:ig 4[.uppe Praleocene, stratigraphica ellqyuival e Gtnolot borota pliaseudomenar Zdoiin Dei,lwyn GLOBAL Distribution. — Igorina albeari is predominantly Cla Ry,ivemoo Mk b rP.,ebb lPeoin At,ustralia], tropical to subtropical, low latitude, in distribution. It has not Globorota lpiaseudoscitu Glalaessner.—Loebli cah nTdappa 1n9,57 1a9 :p3i,. been recorded from high southern latitudes at appropriate 46 :fig .4a-c [Zone P3 ,Coa lBluf fFm. ,Midway Group ,Gul fCoast, stratigraphic levels (Stott and Kennett ,1990) ,although Huber Alabama ]p, i5. 3 f:ig 5. a- c[Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .N, ew Jersey ]p, i5. 9: fig 2.a- c[Zon eP4 A, qui aFm .A, qui aCreek M, aryland/Virginia ]p, i6.3 f:ig. (1991b) recorded/illustrated a form (pi. 3: figs. 18, 19) similar 6a- c[Zon eP4 V, elasco Fm .T, amaulipas M, exico ][in part n, o tp i4. 8 f:ig. to albeari (as pusilla ) from a biostratigraphic level (Zone AP5 3a- (c I=gorin apusill a(Bolli)) ][.No Gt laessne r1,937.] near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary) in ODP Hole 73 8C Globorotal i Ga( loborotal i a)lbea rCiushma nan dBermudez.—Blow, (Kerguelen Plateau ,southern Indian Ocean) .From our experi¬ 1979:883 ,pi .92: figs .4 ,8 ,9 ,pi .93: figs .1-4 [Zone P4 ,DSDP Hole ence with Russian literature and the comparative materia lin the 47.2/9/ 37:0-7 c2m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthweste rPnacif Oiccean]. collection at WHOI, it would appear that this taxon has not Original Description. —“Test very small for the genus, been recorded or is not present in the Caucasus-Crimean strongly biconvex ,dorsa lside showing al lthe coils and ventral Paleocen e(Figur e26). 70 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY 180°W 135°W 90°W °4W5 45°E 90°E 135°E FIGUR 2E6.—Paleobiogeograph mic a sphowin dgistributio oIngf orin aalbea (rCi ushma ann Bdermude zin) Zone Ps a3n dP4. ORIGIN of Species. —Igorina albeari is derived from I. Planorotalite psusil lpausil l(aBolli).—Toumarkin aen Lduterbacher, pusilla by the development o fcompressed chambers and a keel 1985:108 f,ig 1.2:13a- [choloyp ereillustrated ]f,ig 1.2:14a- [cZon eP3, on one or more chambers in the fina lwhorl. DSD PHo l1e44A/3/ 41:20-12 c2m S;out hAtlant iOc cean], REPOSITORY. —Holotype (USNM CC47413) deposited in Original Description. —“Shape of test low trochospiral, the Cushman Collection ,Nationa lMuseum of Natura lHistory. biconvex, compressed; equatorial periphery nearly circular, Examined by WAB, RDN, and BTH. slightly lobate; axial periphery acute to subacute. Wall calcareous p, erforate s, urfac esmooth C. hamber scompressed; Igorina pusilla (Bolli, 1957) 12-16, arranged in 2 ! /2-3 whorls, the 5-6 chambers of the last whorl increasing moderately in size. Sutures on spiral side Figure 27 ;Plate 16 :figures 7-9 ;Plate 57 :figures 1-16 strongly curved, slightly depressed; on umbilical side radial, Globorotali apusill apusill aBol l1i,957a:78 p, i2.0 f:ig s8.-1 0[Globorotalia depressed .Umbilicus narrow ,open .Aperture a low arch ,with pusil lpausil lZaon eG, uayaguayar eWe 1ll5 9T,rinida dLeashold sL,td., narrow lip ;interiomarginal ,extraumbilical-umbilical .Coiling Lizar dSpring sFm .T, rinidad].—Bol lain dCita 1,960:388 3,89 p, i3.4 f:ig. 4a G -[cloborotal ipausil lpausil lZaon eP,adem do’Add an,orther Intaly]. random. Largest diameter of holotype 0.24 mm.” (Bolli, Planorotalite tsauricu Ms orozov a1,961:1 6p , 2if.: iAg [3.carinin iandolensis 1957a:78.) Subzon (eD I 2 nM)I1,I ichurin Soubstag eU,ruk Rhive rn,orther Cnaucasus], Diagnostic Characters. —Relatively small (generally Globorota l(iGa loborota lp?ia)usi lplausi lBlaolli.—Hillebrand 1t9, 62:128, < 0.25 mm in diameter), essentially circular, biconvex, cancel- p 1i. 1fi: g1.8a ,[bGloborotal ipausil lpausil lZaon eR,eichenhall-Salzburg late, pustulose test with 5-6 chambers in last whorl; Ba Asuins,tro-Germ boanrder]. Globorotal ipausil lpausil l(a ?B)olli.—Shutskay a1,970b:21 8p ,2i. 2fi: g3.a-c intercameral sutures on umbilical side radial, depressed, on [low esur bzon oAefcarinin tadjikistanens disjanens Zison leo,w eDranatin spira lside moderately to strongly curved ,depressed/weakly Formatio Mn,a Blyai lkh aRnidg wee, ste Trnurkmenia], incised ;axia lperiphery subacute and non-carinate ;umbilicus Globorotali apusill aBolli.—Pujo 1l,983:652 p, i2 .f:ig s1.2 1 , G3[ loborotalia narrow, shallow, aperture an interiomarginal, umbilical- pusilla Zone D, SDP Hole 516F/86/4 :6-9 cm ;Rio Grande Rise S, outh Atla Oncteican], extraumbilical arch extending towards, but not reaching, the Morozovel lpausil lpausil l(aBolli).—Snyd earn Wd ater 1s,985:44 64,4 94,60, periphery. p i8. f:igs 1. 5-1 7M[ orovozell apusill apusill aZone D, SD PSit e549/20/5: DISCUSSION .—Igorina pusilla is the earliest representative 18- 2c 0mno; rtheaste Arntlan tOiccean]. of the biconvex, praemuricate igorinids. The small, biconvex NUMBE 8R5 71 FIGUR 2E 7—. Paleobiogeograph imc a sphowin dgistributio on lgf orin pausil l(aBol l iZn) one Ps a3n Pd4. test ,deep funnel-shaped entrances to the pores ,and distinctly maturation would account for the small size of mature praemuricate surface serves to differentiate this form (and its igorinids. descendants) from the mainline morozovellids and suggests Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5064) deposited in the that I. pusilla represents the founding species of a separate Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. lineage among early Paleogene planktonic foraminifera .There Examined by WAB, RDN, and BTH. appears to be little confusion in the identification of this species. We note, however, that Planorotalites tauricus lgorina tadjikistanensis (Bykova, 1953) Morozova (1961) is a middle Paleocene igorinid species from Plate II :figures 1-9 ;Plate 58 :FIGURES 1-12 the northern Caucacus that we regard as synonymous with I. pusilla. Globorolal itaadjikistanens iBsykov a1,953:8 6p , 3if.i: g5.a -[cGloborotalia Stable Isotopes.—N o data available. tadjikistanens iZson eS,uzakia nStag es,outher npa ro tTfadzh iBkasin,Ak-Ta uK,azakhsta ng;ive anEsocene].—Leono avn Adlimarin a19, 60:53, Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3a to Zone P3b (lower p 7 if.:ig s 1 2.[7,,uppe pra rGt loborotal iatadjikistanens iSsubzon ee,astern part). facies K, hieu Rive rsection n, orthern Caucasus ]f,igs 3. 4, 7,[lowe rpart Global Distribution. — lgorina pusilla has been recorded Globorota ltiadjikistanens Sisubzon ea, ste rfnacie Ksh, i eRuiv eserction,northe Crnaucasus].—Luterbach e1r9,64:5 t2e,xt-f i5g 2G.a [l-ocborotalia from predominantly low latitude (sub)tropica location s(Figure pusil lpausil lZaon eG,ubb isoectio nce, ntr aAlpennine Ist,aly], 27). Globorotali aconvex aSubbotina 1,953:209 p, 1i.7 f:ig 2.a- [cholotype ]f,ig. Origin of Species. —We believe that the igorinids are 3a -[czon oe cfonic aglloborotaliid sF,oraminifer aLlaye rS,erie Fs IK,hieuRive Nr,al’ch ink,orthe rCnaucasus].—Loeblic ahn Tdappa n19, 57 a1:8 p8,i. derived from the nonkeeled, praemuricate forms of the 48 :fig .4a-c [Zone P4 ,Vincentown Fm. ,New Jersey] ,pi .50 :fig .7a-c inconstans-uncinata plexus as previously suggested by Pear¬ [Zone P4 H, omerstown Fm .N, ew Jersey] p, i .53 :figs .6a-8 c[Zone P4, son (1993) .Although the exact pattern of ancestry has not been Aquia Fm. ,Maryland] ,pi .57 :figs .5a-6c [Zone P4 ,Sal tMountain worked out, lgorina pusilla is probably derived from forms Limestone A, labama ]p, i6.3 f:ig 4.a- [cZon eP4 V,elasc oFm .T,amaulipas, similar to P .inconstans or P .uncinata by development of more Mexico],—Pujol ,1983:644 ,pi .3: figs .1 ,2 [Zone P3 ,DSDP Hole516F/88/ 21:02-10 c3m R;i oGrand Reis eS,out hAtlant iOc cean], involute coiling. This transformation may have occurred Truncorotaloid M e(sorozove c lo)lanvexu (Ssubbotina).—McGowran, through the suppression of the later stages of ontogeny by 1968:192 p, i2. f:igs 1. 1-1 4T[ runcorotaloide s(Acarinina m) ckannai speeding up the rate of maturation .This change in the timing of zon Buloeo, ngero oGdreaensa Anuds,tralia]. 72 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS OPALEOBIOLOGY Globorota lA i(acarinin ac)onvex Saubbotina.—Jenkin s1,971:8 1p 3,fi.i:gs. with the former having priority. We essentially follow the 79-8 G[3lobigerin S(aubbotina t)riloculinoide Zson et,yp Teeurian T ,Ue ri interpretation of Blow (1979), although unlike Blow we Stream section N, e wZealand].—Blow 1,979:92 0p ,8i.5 f:ig s2.- [7Zon Pe3, include certain forms illustrated by Loeblich and Tappan DSDP Hole 47.2/10/2 :80-82 cm] p, i8. 8 :figs 3. 4 ,[uppe rpar to fZone P3, DSDP Hole 47.2/10/1 :72-74 cm] ,pi .100 :figs .3 ,5-9 [Zone P5 ,DSDP (1957a) from the synonymy of this species. We also include the Ho l4e7.2/9/ 16:4-6 c6m S;hatsk Ryis en,orthwester Pnacif iOccean], multichambered variety identified as cf .convexa in this taxon, Globorota Al i(acarini nc )oanvex c acfo. nvex Saubbotina.—Blow 1,979:921, which presages its descendant I .broedermann iCushman and pi .100 :figs .1 ,2 ,4 [Zone P5 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/9/1 :64-66 cm ;Shatsky Bermudez. Ri sneo,rthweste Pranc iOficean], STABLE Isotopes. — Igorina tajikistanensis has 5 I8 0 Globorot aM l(iaorozov et la)ladjikistanens Bisykova.—Belfor 1d9, 84:1 p0i,. 1 8fi:g s1.8-2 [3uppe Praleocen eW, aba Sghee Pt,apu aN,e wGuinea]. slightly lighter than coexisting M. velascoensis at equivalent Morozovel lcaonvex (aSubbotina).—Sto attn Kdenne t1t,990:56 0p 3f,ii.:g 5s., sizes and has distinctly more negative 5 I8 0 than Subbotina 6[Zon eAP3 n, ea rAP3/ 4boundary O, D PHol e690B/19H/4 3: 6-4 0cm; (Shackleton et al., 1985; Berggren and Norris, 1997). The 5 13 C Mau Rdis We,edde Slel Sao, uthe rOncean]. of I. tajikistanensis displays a strong increase in 5 13 C with Original Description. —“Test rounded in outline, bicon¬ increased size, which is similar to Acarinina and Morozovella vex ,with a weakly sloping ,convex evolute side ,and an arched, (Berggren and Norris ,1997). cone-shaped ,strongly convex ventra lside .Periphera lmargin Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P3b to Zone P7. weakly lobate. The spiral consists of about three whorls with Global Distribution. — Igorina tadjikistanensis was six to eight chambers per whorl. On the ventral side, the broadly distributed in tropica land subtropica llatitudes. umbilical ends of the chambers converge, usually forming a Origin of Species. —This species probably evolved from /. small, shallow umbilicus. The chambers on the dorsal side in pusilla in middle to upper Zone P3 by developing a more the first one and one-half whorls are barely discernible; in the involute coiling mode, increasing the number of chambers in last one to one-half whorls they are rather low ,flat ,and curved. the final whorl, and developing a dense, finely praemuricate On the ventra lside the chambers are triangularly curved ,rather ornament. Igorina tadjikistanensis differs from I. albeari in distinctly convex, and increase slightly in size as they are being generally smaller ,lower spired ,and without a peripheral added .The septa lsutures on the dorsa lside are tapered .In the keel. final one and one-half whorls they are slightly depressed. On Repository. —Holotype (Flo. 2794-a) and paratype (No. the ventra lside the sutures are depressed and curved .Apertural 2794-a) deposited the micropaleontological collections at face not distinct. The aperture is not distinguishable. The wall VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia. Examined by FR. is rough, covered with short, thin spines. Dimensions of holotype: large diameter 0.32 mm; small diameter 0.28 mm; Genus Praemurica Olsson, Hemleben, Berggren, thickness 0.20 mm.” (Bykova, 1953:86; translated from and Liu, 1992 Russian.) Diagnostic Characters. —Relatively small (< 0.25 mm TYPE Species. — Globigerina ( Eoglobigerina ) taurica Mo¬ in diameter), nonspinose, biconvex, ovate to subcircular, rozov a1,961. moderately lobulate ,densely and finely praemuricate tes twith Original Description. —“Test very low trochospiral with 5-7 (rarely up to 9-10) chambers in last whorl; axial periphery 10-15 chambers, and with 5-6, but occasionally more in the subrounded to subacute ,noncarinate ;umbilica lintercameral ultimate whorl. The chambers which are globular to slightly sutures curved ,depressed ,spira lsutures depressed ,strongly ovoid in shape increase very gradually in size .The arrangement recurved, tangential to inner whorl, often obscured by dense of chambers in the coil is nearly planispiral although the last murical network; umbilicus small, shallow as a result of tight one or two chambers may be shifted slightly towards the coiling mode, surrounded by an irregularly wavy umbilical umbilicus. The aperture is interiomarginal, umbilical to shoulder formed by undulating periumbilica lchamber apices; extraumbilical, a low to high arch which is bordered by a aperture a low, narrow interiomarginal, umbilical- narrow lip that often is somewhat wider in the umbilical area. extraumbilical slit bordered by a distinct lip and extending The umbilicus can vary from narrow and deep to fairly broad towards ,bu tno treaching ,the periphera lmargin. and wide but is open to the previous chambers. The wall is Discussion. —This taxon is a distinct component of late weakly to strongly cancellate and nonspinose.” (Olsson, Paleocene and earlies tEocene assemblages .Recen texamina¬ Hemleben ,Berggren ,and Liu ,1992:202.) tion and SEM reillustration of the holotype specimen of the Diagnostic Characters. —Test very low trochospiral, taxon tadjikistanensis (Plate 11: Figures 4-6) and convexa 5-6, up to 8 in some species, globular to oval chambers in last (Plate 11: Figures 1-3), described originally from the upper whorl that increase slowly to moderately in size; periphery Paleocene of Kazakhstan (Bykova, 1953) and from the zone of moderately to distinctly lobulate ;nonspinose ,cancellate wall conical globorotaliids (= Zones P6-P8) in the Kuban River texture weakly developed ;aperture an interiomarginal ,umbili- section near Nal’chik, in the northern Caucasus (Subbotina, cal-extraumbilical low to high rounded arch, bordered by a 1953) ,respectively ,has shown the two forms to be conspecific, thi nlip. NUMBE 8R5 73 DISCUSSION. —The wall texture of Praemurica (Plate 6: Morozovel lianconstan (sSubbotina).—Berggre n1,992:56 4p fI,i:.g s1 .21,3 Figures 2-4) is similar to that observed in the modem [Subzon ePi cO, D PHol e747A/19H/CC K:erguele nPlateau s,outhern Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d’Orbigny) (Plate 5: Figures 9, In Odicaenan], 10). Elongate subparallel ridges, often with an orientation Original Description. —“Test with round or broadly oval towards the aperture, are connected by shorter less well- outline consisting of 2-2 */2 whorls to the spiral. Peripheral developed ridges that are thicker and broader on one side .This margin rounded, weakly lobulate. The early whorls are gives the test a cancellate wall texture, which is herein termed disproportionately small relative to the last whorl. They (the praemuricate. It is the first distinctive nonspinose, pustulose whorls) are situated either on the same plane as the last whorl wall texture to evolve in the phylogeny of the early Paleocene or even below it. The last whorl contains 5-6 chambers which plankto nfoicraminifera. increase gradually in size; the last chamber is often considera¬ bly larger than the others .However ,there are some individuals Praemurica inconstans (Subbotina, 1953) in which the last three chambers are of equal size. “Dorsa lside very strongly compressed ,ventra lside convex, Figure 28 ;Plate 10 :figures 4-8 ;Plate 14 :figures 13 ,14; Plate 59 :figure s1-16 in certain forms conical. There is a well-defined, shallow umbilicus in the middle of the ventra lside .Chambers spherical, Globigerin ainconstan sSubbotina 1,953:58 p, i3 .f:igs 1 .2[,holotype f,ig 1.; bo tshpecime nfrso mzon oreof talifor mgloborotaliid Esl,burga Fnm K.,uban closely packed together. The outline of the dorsal side of the Rive rn, orther nCaucasu s=middl epar ot Af carinin ainconstan sZon eof chambers is rounded and that of the ventral side is either Leonov an Adlimarin aI9, 60].—Berggre n1,965:29 1te, xt-fi g9 .: [34Z,one rounde do trriangular. P2 M, exi aCla ymembe rW. il lPsoin Ftm .M, idwa yGroup M, exia T,exas]. “Sutures simple, curved in the form of an arc. On the ventral Globigerin sachachdagic Kahalilo v1,956:24 6p , 1if.:i g[3h. olotyp eD:anian side they radiate from the umbilicus .Aperture slit-like ,situated Sta Zg eneio,dr,thwest eArznerbaidzhan], along the marginal suture. Walls smooth, often finely cancel- Acarinin paraecursor Miaorozov 1a9, 57:111 t1e,xt- f[ i1Dg.ania Knh, okodze Ri vneorr,th Ceranucasus]. late. Dimensions: diameter 0.35-0.45 mm, thickness 0.12- Globorotal itarinidadens iBsol l1i,957a:7 3p ,1i. 6fi:g s1.9-2 [1holotype f]i,gs. 0.20 mm.” (Subbotina ,1953:58 ;translated from Russian.) 22 2, 3[Globorotali atrinidadensi sZone l,owe rLizard Spring sFm., Diagnostic Characters. —Nonspinose, subcircular to Trinidad], broadly elongate-oval ,moderately lobulate ,5-7 chambered, Transition faolr bmetwe eGnloborota lpiaseudobulloid e(Pslumme arn) d cancellate test ;periphera lmargin rounded to weakly subangu- Globorotali auncinat aBolli.—Boll i1, 957a:74 p, i1. 7 f:igs 1. 6-1 8G[ lo¬ borotal iuancina tZaon elo,w eLrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad], lar ,chambers in early whorls tightly coiled ,rapidly expanding Globorot aA l(icaarin in )aconsta n(Ssubbotina).—Leon oavn Adlimarina, in final whorl; sutures radial, straight to weakly curved in early 1960 ,pi .3 :figs .1-3 ,5-8 [Globorotalia inconstan sSubzone :figs .1 ,7, forms, more strongly curved and weakly incised in more Podkhoomo kRive rsection f;igs 2. -6 K, hieu River f;ig 8. U, rukh River, advanced forms; aperture an interiomarginal, umbilical- no Crtahuecransus]. extraumbilica lslit with distinct ,lipped rim. Globorotali ascabros aBermude z1,961:1196 1,197 p, 5i .f:ig 5[.Petromex Wel l2,0 0m L, aPalm a56 P,anuco V,eracru zM, exico]. DISCUSSION .—The extensive synonymy above reflects our Globigerin ascobinat aBermude z1961:1197 p, i5 .f:ig 6[.Madrug aFm., current understanding and interpretation of this taxon. A Madru gHaa,va Pnraovin cCeu,ba]. variety of morphotypes have been ascribed to inconstans- Globor Gotl oa(lbiaorota ilniac)onst a(Snusbbotina).—Hillebran 1d9t6, 2:130, trinidadensis-praecursoria over the pas t40 years and assigned p i1. 2 f:igs 7. 8,[Zon eB R, eichenhall-Salzbur gBasin A, ustro-German to the genera Globigerina ,Globorotalia ,Acarinina ,Subbotina, border], Globorota ilniaconsta (nSsubbotina).—Luterbach e1r9,64:6 5fi0 g1:s9.-23 and Turborotalia. We include this form in the genus [fig s1. 92, 3t,opotype fsrom zon oe rfotaliform globorotaliid su,ppe pra rotf Praemurica following the demonstration by Olsson et al. Elburga nFm K.,uba nRive rn,orther nCaucasu sf;ig s2. 02, 2G, loborotalia (1992) of a phylogenetically distinct and homogenous lower trinidaden sZison Geu, bb sioectio cne,nt rAapl ennine Ista, ly]. Paleocene cancellate, nonspinose lineage. One of us (WAB) Globigerin arabic aEl-Nagga r1,966:157 1,58 p, i1.8 f:ig 6[.holotyp efrom has examined the type specimens o finconstans ,praecursoria, Samp 3 lGe0e, b Oewl ain Gal,oborota lcioampressalGlobigeri ndaubjer- gens iZson eu,ppe Drania nN,i lVealle yE,gypt], trinidadensis, and schachdagica and the synonymic listing Acarini ninaconsta ninsconsta n(Ssubbotina).—Shutskay 1a9, 70 1b0: p86i,:. above is based to a large extent on those studies. The wide fig s 4[5.m, idd lpea rAtcarinin ianconstan Zsone f:ig 4w., ester nTurkmenia, range o fvariation ascribed herein to this morphospecies unifies Mal yBialkha nfi; g 5E.,lburga Fnm n.,orther Cnaucasus]. forms sharing the characteristics of a cancellate, nonspinose Globorot aT l(uiarborot ain l)iaconsta n(Ssubbotina).—Blo w19, 79:108 p0i,. tes tintermediate between the pseudoinconstans-taurica mor¬ 71 :figs 6. 7,[Zone PI D, SDP Hole47.2/1/1 :top] p, i7. 5 :figs 4. - 7[ZonePI, Lind ai rea T, anzania] p, i7. 6 f:igs 3. 6, 7,[Zone P2 D, SDP Hole 47.2/10/6: phology and the typically anguloconical, nonkeeled uncinata 69-7 1cm] f,ig 1. 0[Zone P2 H, ole 47.2/10/5 7: 0-7 2cm] p, i7. 7 f:ig 1.[Zone morphology. P2 D, SD PHol e20C/6/4 7:2-7 4cm B; raz iBl asin S,out hAtlanti cOcean ]p, i. STABLE Isotopes .— Praemurica inconstans has more posi¬ 81 :figs .1 ,2 [Zone P2 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/10/4 :83-85 cm ;Shatsky Rise, tive 8 13 C and more negative 5 18 0 than Subbotina and northwestern Pacific Ocean] ,pi .233 :figs .4 ,5 [Zone PI ,Lind iarea, Globanomalina but has a similar isotopic signature to P. Tanzania], Subbotin ianconstan (sSubbotina).—Sto attn Kdenne t1t,990:55 9p 2f,ii.:g 5s., taurica (Boersma and Premoli Silva, 1983; Berggren and 6[Subzon eAPlb u, ppe Dr anian O, D PHol e690C/14X/2 3:6-4 0cm M; aud Norris, 1997). There is a pronounced increase in 8 13 C with Ris We,edd eSlel Sao, uthe rOncean], increased size in P. inconstans (Kelley et al., 1996). 74 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS OPALEOBIOLOGY 180°W 135°W 90°W 45°W 45°E 90°E 351°E FIGU R2E8.—Paleobiogeograph mic asphowin dgistributio Ponrfaemuri cinaconsta n(Ssubbotin Ziano) nPe2. Stratigraphic Range. —Zone Pic to lower Zone P3. Praemur picsaeudoinconsta (nBslow).—Olss oHne,mleb eBne,rggr ean,d Global Distribution. —A cosmopolitan species in north¬ Liu 1, 992:202 p, i6. f:igs 1. , 4[Zon ePa C, layto nBasa Sl ands M, iller sFerry, ern and southern hemisphere sections (Figure 28). Alabama ]f:igs 2. 3, 5, - 8[Zon ePla P, in eBarre nMbr .C, layto nFm .M, illersF Aerlaryb,ama]. Origin of Species. —This morphospecies evolved from Praemurica pseudoinconstans by the developmen to fumbili¬ Original Description. —“The comparatively small test is cal-conical chambers in morphologically advanced forms, coiled in a low, fairly lax, trochospire with 6 complete development of incised umbilical sutures, and an increase in chambers visible in the last convolution of the test together the number of chambers in the fina lwhorl. with a small part of a seventh chamber and about 12-14 Repository. —Holotype (No. 3992) and paratype (No. chambers comprising the spire .In dorsa laspect ,the chambers 3993) deposited in the micropaleontological collections at are sensibly equidimensional ,inflated and subglobular ,with VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia. Examined by WAB. quite distinctly incised dorsal intercameral sutures; these intercamera lsutures are radially disposed .In ventra laspect ,the chambers are inflated, subglobular, but are slightly more Praemurica pseudoinconstans (Blow ,1979) embracing and appressed than as seen in dorsal aspect. The Plate 60 f:igure s1-13 chambers increase evenly, but only slowly, in size as added in the progression of the trochospire. The umbilicus is widely Globorota plisaeudobulloid (ePslummer).—Loebl iac Tnhadpp a1n9,5 71a9:2, open, moderately deep and clearly delimited by the umbilical p i4. 0 f:ig 9. a- c[paratype P. in eBarren Mbr .C, layton Fm .A, labama []in par t[N], oPtlumme 1r9, 26.] shoulders of the last convolution of chambers. The primary Globorota lT i(aurborotali ap)seudoinconstan Bslow 1,979:110 5p 6,i .7fi: g4. aperture is slit-like near the umbilicus but widens to become [holotype :Zone Pa ,DSDP Hole 47.2/11/3 :148-150 cm] ,pi .67 :fig .3 highly arched at, or near to, the peripheral margin of the test; [paratypes :Zone Pa D, SDP Hole 47.2/11/3 :148-150 cm] p, i6. 9 :fig 4. the aperture is bordered by a strongly developed flap-like lip [paratypes :Zone PI ,DSDP Hole 47.2/11/3 :0-5 cm ;Shatsky Rise, northwes tPear ncOifciecan], proximally, which extends into the umbilical depression. “Morozovella i”nconstan (sSubbotina).—Hube 1r,99 c1:46 1p 3,fi.i:g s1 .1,2 Distally, the lip of the aperture is more rim-like and is less [Zon eAPlb O, DP Hol e738C/19R 3: 65.2 2mbsf K; erguelen Plateau, broad than seen proximally. Within the umbilicus, relict southe rIndi aOncean []N. Sout bbotin 1a9,53.] apertures are present for chambers prior to the last and their NUMBE 8R5 75 apertura llips are confluent with the lip of the ultimate chamber. Praemurica taurica (Morozova, 1961) The equatorial profile is subcircular to slightly elongate in the direction of the diameter which bisects the final chamber; the Figure 29 ;Plate 10 :figures 1-3 ;Plate 61 :figures 1-15 equatorial profile is also moderately lobulate. The axial- Globigerin aE( oglobigerina t)auric aMorozova 1, 961:10 p, i1. f:ig 5. a-c apertura lprofile shows an equally biconvex test with rounded [lowe Drania Sntag (eUyl iSnubstage D), Z nIol n eG,lobigerin (aEoglobig¬ peripheral margins. The wall texture of the test is finely and er itn a)auri cZaon Tea, rkhank uPteninsu lCa,rimea], densely perforate and, over the earlier chambers of the last Morozovell atauric a(Morozova).—Berggren 1,992:56 4p, 1i .f:ig s9.-11 whorl, the mural-pores open into small pore-pits. The inter¬ [Danian O, D PHo l7e47C/3H/2 2:2-2 c4m K;erguele nPlateau s,outhernIn Odicaenan], pore ridges show a meandriform pattern which is characteristic. Praemuri ctauri c(aMorozova).—Olsso nH,emlebe nB,erggre nan, Ldiu, Maximum diameter of holotype 0.328 mm. as measured by 1992:202 p, i5. f:igs 1. - 8[Zon ePla P, in eBarre nMbr .C, layto nFm .M, illers electron beam sensor.” (Blow ,1979:1105.) F eArlaryb,ama], Diagnostic Characters. —Ultimate whorl with 5-5V 2 chambers of which first few increasing in size gradually, final Original Description. —“Test with a subpolygonal lateral few increasing in size more rapidly ;last chamber slightly offset outline, strongly compressed along the growth axis. Spire toward umbilicus in some specimens .Aperture a high rounded consists of three whorls. Early whorls lie on one level with the arch ,bordered by a narrow lip broadening toward umbilicus; surface of the last whorl or rise up slightly above it. In each aperture not as pronounced as P. taurica. Cancellate wall whorl there are five to six inflated subspherical chambers, texture weakly developed, difficult to view with light micro¬ rapidly and uniformly increasing in size and arranged freely. scope ,especially in poorly preserved specimens .Pores abou t1 Peripherally on the chambers a small papillate projection, pm in diameter at narrowest point, positioned at bases of directed toward the subsequent chamber, is frequently ob¬ cancellate ridges. Walls about 4 pm thick, overall test size up served .Last chamber asymmetrical ,flattened at the apertural to 300 pm across. face and slightly shifted toward the umbilical surface. DISCUSSION. — Praemurica pseudoinconstans is a fairly Equatoria louter margin scalloped .Axia louter margin weakly common species that may be confused with the less common asymmetric ,broadly rounded .Sutures deep ,straight .Umbili¬ Parasubbotina pseudobulloides (Plummer). Indeed, Blow cus narrow. Aperture a semicircular slit located between the (1979) carefully distinguished the two species and selected as umbilicus and the outer margin .Sometimes it is surrounded by a paratype a specimen from the Clayton Formation ,Alabama, a very narrow lip, the width of which is uniform over its whole previously identified by Loeblich and Tappan (1957a) as P. pseudobulloides .The chambers in P .pseudobulloides increase length. Wall smooth, finely perforate. Surface lustrous or more rapidly in size and are more inflated than in P. matte. pseudoinconstans .Parasubbotina pseudobulloide si sspinose “Dimensions of holotype (fig .5a-c): greatest diameter 0.45, in contrast to P. pseudoinconstans, which is nonspinose. The least diameter 0.32 ,height 0.21 mm. meandriform pattern of the interpore ridges noted by Blow “ Variability: The form of the test, changing from oval to (1979) is due to the Neogloboquadrina dutertrei-hke wall rounded, and the number of chambers in a whorl are not texture observed in this species under SEM. In this type of wall constant. Tests are predominant in which the last whorl there texture, the pores are often not isolated from one another by are five to six chambers, but are encountered with four and a interpore ridges as in P. pseudobulloides. Except for their half ,seven ,or eight chambers to a whorl. genera lappearance ,the two wal ltextures are fundamentally “Comparison : From the near species Globigerina cretacea different. d’Orbigny, 1840, and G. edita Subbotina, 1949, this species Stable Isotopes.—N o data available. differs by its flatter, low test, the often oval outlines, more Stratigraphic Range. —Zone Pa to Zone P2. flattened spiral side, greater number (5-6) of chambers in the Global Distribution. —Originally described from DSDP last whorl, the asymmetrical shape of the last chamber, which Site 47, Shatsky Rise, northwestern Pacific Ocean. It also stands above the umbilicus ,and the smal lumbilica laperture.” occurs in Alabama and in the South Atlantic Ocean at DSDP (Morozova ,1961:10 ;translated from Russian.) Sit 3e56. Diagnostic Characters. —Characterized by a very low ORIGIN of Species. —Evolved from Praemurica taurica in trochospiral test with 5-6, occasionally more, chambers in middle Biochron Pa by increasing the rate of expansion of the ultimate whorl. Globular to slightly ovoid chambers increase last few chambers in the ultimate whorl. very gradually in size with last one or two occasionally slightly Repository. —Holotype (BP Cat. No. 37/134) and para- shifted towards umbilicus .Umbilical-extraumbilica laperture types (BP Cat .No .37/135 ,40/7) deposited in the micropaleon- a low to high arch bordered by narrow lip broadening towards tologica lcollections at The Natura lHistory Museum ,London. umbilicus and becoming somewhat triangular in shape. In Paratype (USNM P5724) deposited in the Cushman Collection, well-preserved specimens ,lips from previous chambers project Nationa lMuseum of Natura lHistory .Paratype (USNM P5724) as small flaps into fairly wide, broad umbilicus having a deep examined by WAB and RKO. depression C. ancellat estructur eweakl ydeveloped. 76 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY FIGUR 2E 9—. Paleobiogeograph imc a sphowin dgistributio onPfraemuric taauric (aMorozov a iZn)o n .1Pe DISCUSSION.— This is the first species of Praemurica to Praemurica uncinata (Bolli, 1957) evolve from Hedbergella monmouthensis in the basa lDanian. Figure 30 ;Plate 10 :figures 9-11 ;Plate 14 :figures 9-11; It is fairly commmon in Zone Pa. Although the cancellate wall Plate 62 :figure s1-16 texture is weakly developed, it is distinctive under SEM, being Globorotali auncinat aBoll i1, 957a:74 p, i1. 7 f:igs 1. 3-1 5[Globorotalia nearly identical to the living species Neogloboquadrina uncinat aZon elo, we Lrizar dSpring Fsm T.,rinidad],—Luterbacher, dutertrei. Praemurica taurica is a stem form of an important 1964:65 56,5 7f,ig 3.0a - G[cloborotali auncinat aZone le, ve Gl -8 5G, ubbio lineage leading to P .uncinata. sectio nce, ntr aAlpennine Ist,aly f]i ,g3.1a -[ctopotyp eT,rinidad].—Said STABLE Isotopes.— Praemurica taurica has more positive an dSabry 1, 964:385 3, 86 p, i1. f:ig 1. 2a- c[Globorotali auncinat aZone, 5 13 C and more negative 5 18 0 than Subbotina and Globanomal- Esn Sahal eG,eb eAlwein aE,gypt].—Berggre n1,965:29 4te, xt-f i (g95.a-c)[Globorotali auncinat aZone M, exi aCla yMbr .W, ill sPoin Ftm .M, exia, ina in the late Danian, but all these taxa have similar isotopic Texas].-—Toumarkin e1,978:69 26,9 3p , 1if.i: g 1G .[6loborotal iuancinata signatures in the earliest Danian (Berggren and Norris ,1997). Zone ,DSDP Site 363/17/1 :87-89 cm ;Walvi sRidge ,South Atlantic There is a pronounced increase in 8 I3 C with increased size in P. Ocean].—Pujo l1,983:645 6,52 p, i2 .f:ig G1[. loborotali auncinat aZone, taurica among small specimens (up to ~200 pm; D’Hondt and DSD PHol e516F/87/7 3:9-4 0cm R;i oGrand eRise S,out hAtlant iOc cean].Acarini ninadolens Misorozov 1a9, 59:111 t6e,xt- f[ iD1ga. nia Gn,loboconusa Zachos, 1993) but a weak trend above this size (Norris, 1996). daubjergensislAcarin inindaole nZso ninsoer,thwes tCerinmea]. Stratigraphic Range.— Upper Zone PO to Zone Plb; Globorotal iuancina tuancina tBaolli.—El-Nagga 1r,966:24 0p 1,i .8fi: gla.-c, ?Plc. p i1. 9 f:ig 2. a- c[sample sS.3 4an dS.36 r,espectively b, ot hGloborotalia Global Distribution.— Worldwide in the high to low uncina tZaon elo, we Ersn Sahal eG,eb eOlwein aE,gypt].Acarinin ianconstan usncinat (aBolli).—Shutskay a1,970 a1:1 0p ,6if.i: gla. -c latitude s(Figure 29). [holotyp reefigured f]i, g2.a -[cmidd lpea ro tAfcarinin ianconstan Zsone, ORIGIN OF Species.— This species evolved from Hedber¬ Elburga nFm .K, uba nRive rn, orther nCaucasus ]f,ig 3.a- c[lowe pr ar ot f gella monmouthensis in late Biochron PO .It is the stem form of Globig terrivini alis-Globoco dnauusbajergensis-Globor ocotamliapressa th peraemuricat peseudoinconstans-inconstans-uncinat laine¬ Zon ne,orthe rOnsetiy Ua,ruk Rhive nr,orthe rCnaucasus 1];970 b1:18-120, age of the lower Paleocene (Danian) Zones PI and P2. p i1.9 f:ig s7.a- cl,Oa- [cAcarinin ainconstan Zsone E,lburga nFm .K,ubanRiv eCrh,erkes rsekgio nno,rthe Crnaucasus]. Repository.— Holotype (No. 3510/1) deposited at GAN, Globorot aA l(icaarin pin )ra ecursor piaraecursor (iaMorozova).—Blow, Moscow. Examined by FR. 1979:944-947 ,pi .76 :figs .4 ,8 ,9 ,pi .81 :fig .3 [Zone P2 ,DSDP Hole NUMBE 8R5 77 47.2/10/5 :70-72 cm] ,pi .77 :figs .2-5 [Zone P2 ,DSDP Hole 20C/6/4: reported in the literature from predominantly low latitude 72-7 4cm B; raz iBl asin S, outh Atlanti cOcean] p, i8. 2 f:igs 1. - 3[Zone P2, recollectio no Gf loborotali auncinat atyp elocalit yT,rinidad ]p, i8.4 f:ig 2., (sub)tropical localities. Shutskaya (1970a, 1970b) recorded it pi .85 :fig .9 [Zone P3 ,DSDP Hole 47.2/10/2 :80-82 cm ;Shatsky Rise, from several localities in the northern Caucasus. This species northweste rPnaci fOiccea n[N], Motorozov 1a9,61.] does not appear to occur in high southern latitudes (Stott and Morozovel luancina t(aBolli).—Snyd earn Wdater 1s9, 85:448,44 p9 1,i .0fi:gs. Kennett, 1990; Huber, 1991b), and we have not found it in our 1 ,2 [Globorotalia uncinata Zone ,DSDP Site 550/37/5 :59-61 cm; examination of material from the southern part of the Indian Porcupi nAebys sPalla inno,rtheaste Arntlan Otic ean], Ocean (Figure 30). Original Description. —“Shape of test low trochospiral, ORIGIN OF Species .—This species evolved from Praemurica spiral side almost flat or slightly convex, umbilical side inconstans at the base of Zone P2 by extension of the distinctly convex; equatoria lperiphery distinctly lobate; axial umbilically conical chambers into most of the final whorl, and periphery rounded to subangular .Wal lcalcareous ,perforate, by the formation of blunt pustules around the umbilicus and on surface finely spinose .Chambers subangular ,inflated ,laterally the initia lchambers of the fina lwhorl. compressed; 12-15, arranged in about 2'/2 whorls, the 5-6 Repository. —Holotype (USNM P5048) deposited in the chambers of last whor lincreasing moderately in size. Sutures Cushman Collection, National Museum of Natural History. on spiral side strongly curved, depressed; on umbilical side Examined by WAB and RDN. radial ,depressed .Umbilicus fairly narrow ,deep ,open .Aper¬ ture a low arch; interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical. Family Guembelitriidae Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957 Coiling random. Largest diameter of holotype 0.35 mm.” (Boll i1, 957a:74.) (by S. D’Hondt, C. Liu, and R.K. Olsson) Diagnostic Characters. —Nonspinose, weakly cancel- Guembelitrii nMaoentan aGraollit e1l9li5, 7: 1[s3u6bfamily], late ,elongate-oval ,plano-convex to moderately high spired, Guembelitriid Eale-Nagg a1r9,71:4 [3n1om ternanslat u semuxbfamily]. moderately lobulate test with 5-8 chambers in last whorl; Original Description. —“Test triserial; chambers globu¬ chambers occasionally so loosely coiled as to form secondary lar; aperture basal, arched, simple.” (Montanaro Gallitelli, spira lapertures between them ;sutures on umbilica lside radial, 1957:136.) depressed ,on spira lside incised and strongly recurved yielding Diagnostic Characters. —Original description of fo- typicall ytrapezoidal-shaped chambers ;axia pl eripher ysuban¬ raminifera ltests assignable to subfamily Guembelitriinae does gular ,noncarinate bu twith rugose muricae often situated along not apply to all members of family Guembelitriidae. Tests of peripheral margin of early chambers of last whorl; umbilicus guembelitriid foraminifera either triseria l (Guembelitria spp.), typically narrow, deep, bordered by weakly developed circu- trochospiral ( Parvularugoglobigerina spp., Globoconusa mumbilica lshoulder formed by raised periumbilica lchamber spp.), or nearly triserial in initial whorl and approximately extensions; aperture a narrow interiomarginal, umbilical- biserial in later whorls ( Woodringina spp.). Chambers usually extraumbilica larch extending to periphera lmargin. globular or subglobular ,increasing gradually in size .Aperture Discussion. —Blow (1979) argued the case for including usually a loop-shaped arch ,often slightly infolded on one side, uncinata Bolli, 1957a, as a junior synonym of praecursoria marked by a fine lip .Surface texture microperforate ,smooth to Morozova, 1957. Our examination of the holotypes of both of pustulous ;when present ,pustules or smal lmounds generally these forms leads us to reject this interpretation. Rather, we perforated by one or more pores (“pore-mounds”) ( Guembe¬ interpret praecursoria as an advanced, atypically large end- litria ,Parvularugoglobigerina ,Woodringina) or peripherally member of inconstans that is characterized by rounded associated with pore s (Globoconusa ). chambers and an axia lperiphery ,and we reserve for uncinata DISCUSSION. —Montanaro Gallitelli (1957) emended the those forms exhibiting the typica languloconica l(but noncari¬ family Heterohelicidae Cushman, 1927a, by creating the nate) test with distinctly incised and recurved spiral inter- subfamily Guembelitriinae fo rthe triseria lgenera Guembelitria cameral sutures. Acarinina indolensis Morozova (1959) is a Cushman, 1933, and Guembelitriella Tappan, 1940. Loeblich small form of P. uncinata with five chambers in the final whorl and Tappan (1957a) assigned Woodringina Loeblich and but ,nevertheless ,exhibits the characteristic morphology o fthis Tappan ,1957 ,to the Guembelitriinae ,implicitly modifying the species. definition of the Guembelitriinae to include forms that are Stable Isotopes. — Praemurica uncinata has more positive triserial in the first whorl and biserial in later whorls. El-Naggar 8 13 C and more negative 5 18 0 than Subbotina and Globanomal- (1971) raised the Guembelitriiidae to family status, and Blow ina and has an isotopic signature similar to that of Morozovella (1979) explicitly broadened its definition to include mor- praeangulata (Shackleton et al., 1985; Berggren and Norris, photypes with biseria land trochospira lstages. 1997). There is a pronounced increase in 8 13 C with increased The assignment of biserial Woodringina species to the size in P. uncinata (Kelly et ah, 1996; Norris, 1996). Guembelitriidae rests on the hypothesis that Woodringina Stratigraphic Range. —Zone P2 to lower Zone P3. species were derived from Guembelitria cretacea Cushman, Global Distribution. —This taxon has been widely 1933. This phylogenetic hypothesis is a subset of the broader 112 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 3 Nonspinos e(Globorotaliid )Wa lTl exture FIGUR 1E.— Globorotal isacitu l(aBrady o),vera vllie w otahf in-walle tde sthowin sgmoot shurfac aen sdcattered pustule i snumbilica alre a(ba 1=r0 p0m )R.ecen ts,edimen ttrap o, fBfarbados. FIGUR 2E.— Globorotal itaruncatulinoide (sd’Orbigny o),vera vllie w omafediu mthick-walle tde sthowing heavie prustu lgerowt ho nth oelde crhamber (sba 2=r0 p0m )R.ecen ts,edimen ttrap o, fBfermuda. FIGUR 3E.— Globorotal iianflat (ad’Orbigny )o,vera vllie wo maf edium thick-walle dte ssthowin gpustule osf variou asge os na cllhamber (sba =1r0 0pm )R.ecen tp,lankto ne ctatch w, ester nSout hAtlant iOc cean. Figur e4.— Globorotali ainflat a(d’Orbigny )o,vera lvliew o tfes sthowin gafina llaye or tfhic kpustul egrowth (ba =1r0 0pm )R.ecen tp, lankto ne ctatch o, fBf ermuda. Figur 5e.— Globorotal itaruncatulinoide (sd’Orbigny e),nlarge vdie wo cfhambe srurfac weit yhoun sgmall pustule (sba =1r 0pm )R.ecen tN, ort hAtlant iOc cean. Figur 6e.— Globorotal iianfla t(ad’Orbigny e),nlarge vdie wo tfangenti aslectio o ntahf in-layere wda cllovering apreviousl yforme dwal li,ndicatin gsuperpositio no vfariou scalcificatio nevent s(ba =r4pm )R. ecent, plankto nn ecat tc oh Bf,fermuda. FIGUR E7 —. Globorotali ainfat a(d’Orbigny )e, nlarge dview o tfangentia slectio no tfes wt a lslhowing consecutiv epustul egrowt htha ltead st o abump ylayere dwa l(lba =r2 0pm )R. ecen tp, lankto n e ctatch. Cha i3n 5S,tatio 8n9. FIGUR E8.— Globorotali ascitul a(Brady) e, nlarged view o f3rd and 4th chamber so fFigur e 1showing distributio no pfustule asn dcoverin go pfore bs ygrowt ho pfustule (sba =2r 0pm )R.ecen ts,edimen ttrap o,ff Barbados. FIGUR 9E. —Globorota ltiaruncatulinoid e(ds ’Orbigny e)n, large vdie owtef swt aslhl owin sgever galenerations o pf ustul egrowt han da nincreas ei nwa ltlhicknes sb ypustul egrowt h(ba =r4 0pm )R. ecen tp, lankto n et catc Sho. u Athtlan tOiccean. FIGURE 1S 01,1.— Globorotal iianflat (ad’Orbigny 1): 0e,nlarge vdie wo tfe swt a sllhowin ogutermo sptustules an dth ebeginnin go cfalcit ecrus gt rowt h(ba =r2 0pm )1;1 a, dditiona clalcificatio no nto po pf ustule s(ba =r p4m )R.ecen tp,lankto ne ctatch o, fBfermuda. FIGUR 1E2.— Globorotal itaruncatulinoide (sd’Orbigny c),ros ssectio ontfe swta sllhowin tgh neorm awla allnd alayered pustul e(ba r=2 0pm) R. ecen tD, SD PSit e2/4/2 1: 49-15 1cm G; u lof Mf exico. FIGUR 1E3.— Globorotal itaruncatulinoide (sd’Orbigny b),ranchin pgustule (sb a 4 =pr0m R).ecen Dt,SD SPite 2/4/2 1:49-15 1cm G; u lo fMf exico. FIGURE 1S4-1 .6—Globorotal ima enard (iiParke rJo, ne sa,n dBrady )1: 4c,ros sectio no tfes wt a sllhowin gthe norma wl a alln dth ebeginnin go tfh ecalcit ecrus (telongate dcrystals )1;5 e,ar lsytag eo kfee dlevelopment showin gth edoublin go tfh ewal la; thi stag eth ekee clontain safew pore stha dt ono ftunctio n(ba =r1 0pm). Recen tD, SD PSit e2/4/2 1:49-15 1cm G; u lof Mf exico 1.6 m, edium stag eo kfee dl evelopmen sthowin gthe layering o fthe kee (lba r= 10 pm) R. ecent D, SDP Site 1/1/1 :1-4 cm ;Gul fo fMexico. NUMB E8R5 113 ■$Sw? •" o'C Cc C \sJb c .2M, 114 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 4 Nonspinose (Globorotaliid )Wal lTexture ,Cretaceous and Paleocene FIGURE 1S-3.— Hedbergell aholmdelens iOs lsson 1o:,vera vllie wo tfes sthowin gasmoot hwa wll it hpustule distributio rnesemblin Ggloborotal isacitu l(aBrad y()ba 5= rp0m )2e;,nlarge vdie wo 3fr cdhambe srhowing overgrowt ho pf ore bs ypustule (sba =5r pm )3 ;p, ustul egrowt hcoverin gwa lslurfac eo n5t hchambe (rba =r p5m T)o. potyp ue,pp eMraastrichtia nN,avesin Fkormatio nN,e Jwersey. FIGURE 4S5,.— Globanomalin archeocompress (aBlow )4o:,vera vllie wo tfe ssthowin sagmoot shurfac we ith apustul edistributio nsimila tr oG s.citul a(Brady a)n dH h.olmdelens iOs lsso n(ba =2r 0pm )5 ;e,nlarge dview o wf a lslhowin g asmoot hsurfac ean dsom esma lpl ustule si nfron ot tfh eapertur e(ba =r1 0pm )P. aleocene, Zon eP aI D, SD PSit e356/29/1 7:0-7 2cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlanti cOcean. FIGURE S6 7 —, .Globanomalin aplanocompress a(Shutskaya )6 :o,vera vllie wo tfes sthowin gaver symooth surfac eand n opustule s(ba r =5 0pm) 7; c, loseup view o 3f rd chambe r(ba r =1 0pm) P. aleocene Z, on eP 1c, Mex Ciala Tye, xas. FIGUR 8E.— Globanomalin cahapma n(Pi arr e),nlarge vdie w otef swta sllhowin sgmoo tshurfac aen sdom peores i nth eimperforat eperiphera bl an d(ba =r1 0pm )P.aleocene Z,on eP4 G, lendol aWel lN, ew Jersey s,ample 286- 2fe8e7t. FIGURE 9S1, 0— .Globanomalin apseudomenard (iiBolli ) 9c:,ros sectio no tfes wt a sllhowin gth elayere dwall an dth etrac eo tfh ePOM (primar yorgan imc embrane a)n dpustul exhibitin gth esam emorpholog ya isn globorotalii dspecie (sba =2pr m )P,aleocene Z,on eP4 W, hitesvill eWe lNl, ew Jerse ys,ampl e210-21 5feet. 10 v,iew o sfurfac elaye or nto po kfee aln do pf ustule so vfariou sgeneration s(ba =r1 0pm )P, aleocene Z, one P 4G, lendo lWa e lNl, e wJerse ys,amp l2e86-28 f7eet. FIGURE S11-13 1,6.— Globanomalin aimitat a(Subbotina )1:1 e,nlarge dview o tfes wt a lslhowin gtypical globorotalii dpustule (sba =1r 0pm )1;2 c,hamber os tfh einne wr ho rslhowin gconica inl ne crhamber ws ith rounde dan dsharp-tippe dpustule (sba =2r 0pm )1;3 e,nlarge dview o ifnne crhambe or Ffigur e1 2showing pustule (sba =1r 0pm )P;aleocene Z,on eP4 W, hitesvill eWe lNl, e wJerse ys,ampl e210-21 5fee t1.6 e,nlarged view o ifnne crhambe srhowin gsam epustul edevelopmen at is nFigur e1 2(ba =1r 0pm )P,aleocene Z,on eP4, DSD SPi t3e84/7/C Cso; uthea Nstewfoundlan Rdidg Ne,or tAhtlan tOiccean. FIGUR E14.— Morozovell apraeangulat a(Blow )e,nlarge dvie wo tfes wt a sllhowin gpustule gsrowin go na smoot h“globorotaliid s”urfac e(ba =2r 0pm )P.aleocene Z,on eP3b D, SD PSit e527/28/6 3:0-3 2cm W; alvis Ridg ea, ste rSnou tAhtlan tOiccean. FIGUR 1E5. —Morozovel lvaelascoens (isCushman e),nlarge vdie wotef swta slhl owin dgiffere nstize pdustules growin go nasmoot h“globorotaliid ”surfac e(ba =r2 0pm )P. aleocene Z,on eP5 D, SD PSit e213/16/1 1:04 cm W;harto Bnas iena, ste rIndia Oncean. NUMB E8R5 115 116 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 5 Acarinina and Praemurica Wal lTexture FIGUR E1.— Acarinin astrabocell a(Loeblic han dTappan )e, nlarge dview o tfes wt a lslhowin g asmooth (globorotaliid s)urfac ewit hsimpl ean dcoalescen ptustule (sba =1r 0pm )P.aleocene Z,on eP2 D, SD PSite 356/25/ 51:48-15 c0m S;a Poau lPolatea uS,out Ahtlant iOccean. FIGUR 2E— .Acarinin naitid (aMartin )e,nlarge dvie wo tfe swt a sllhowin sgamoot h(globorotaliid s)urfac we ith simpl ean dcoalescen ptustule ss,imila tr oFigur e1 w; a tllextur ep,ustul emorpholog ya,n distributio nis typica ol fextan tgloborotaliid s(ba r =2 0pm) P. aleocene Z, one P4 D, SDP Site 384/8/1 1: 36-13 8cm; southe aNset wfoundla nRdidg Neo, rAthtlan Oticean. FIGUR 3E.— Acarinin ma ckann a(Wi hite e),nlarge vdie wo tfe swta sllhowin hgeav yc,oalescin pgustu lgerowth o snamoot h(globorotaliid s)urfac ew; a tllextur ep,ustu lme orpholog ya,n distributio nitsypic ao elfxtant globorotaliid (sba 2=r p0m )P.aleocen eZ,on eP 4D, SD PSit e384/6/CC s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidge, No rAtthlan Oticean. FIGUR 4E.— Acarinin saubsphaeric (aSubbotina e),nlarge vdie w otef swta sllhowin hgeav pyustu lgerowt hw;all textur ep,ustu lme orpholog ya,n distributio nitsypic ao lefxtan gtloborotaliid (sba 2=r p0m )P.aleocene, Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/5/1 6:5-6 7cm H; es sRise c,entra Pl acifi cOcean. FIGURE 5S-8.— Neogloboquadrin dautertr e(di ’Orbigny o),vera vllie wo tfh i(nFigur 5e m), ediu m(Figure 67s,), an tdhic (kFigur 8 ew) alle sdpecimen sshowin dgevelopmen o tgfloboquadrin iwd a tlel xtur be gyrowt ahnd coalescin go pf ustule st oform acancellat ewa ltlexture A.calcit ecrus i tsforme di nth efina sltag e(Figur e8). (Figur e5 b: a r=5 0pm F; igure s6-8 b: a r=10 0pm .R) ecen tp, lankto nne ctatch e, aster nNort hAtlantic. FIGURE 9S-11.— Neogloboquadrin dautertr e(di ’Orbigny 9)1:, 0e,nlarge vdiew o stfe swta o lslfam sepecimen showin pgore sseparate b deylongate dsu, bparall erildge-lik setructure ws,hic ah rceonnecte b dsyhor lte,ss develope dridges t,hereb yformin gth ecancellat ewa ltlexture (.Figur e9 b: a r=2 0pm F; igur e10 b: a r=10 pm .R) ecen ts,edimen trap o, fBf arbados 1.1 t,w oenlarge dview os tfes wt a lo lsfingl especime nshowing gametogenet icalcificatio nan dear lfyormatio no cafalcit cerus tT.h we a tllhicken as tsh iendividu aslink tso deepe wr ate re,.g d.,ee pchlorophy mll aximum (.Bar =2s 0pm an d5pm r,espectively .R)ecen tp,lankto net cat coBhfef,rmuda. FIGURE 1S2-15.— -Hedbergel lma onmouthens i(sOlsson v),iew o stfe swta sllhowin tgh deevelopmen atnd distributio no pf ustule so n asmoot hsurface 1:2 o, vera lvliew o sfpecime n(ba =r4 0pm )1;3 e, nlarge dview oufltima tcehamb ewri tshma slcl attere pdustule s1 ;4e,nlarge vdie wopfenultima tcehamb esrhowin growth an dcoalescin go pfustule s1; 5e,nlarge dvie wo 4ft hchambe srhowin gcoalescin go pfustule asroun dpores, whic hi sa ninitia slte ptowar dth edevelopmen ot afcancellat ewa ltlexture (.Figure s13-15 b: ar s=1 0pm.) Topotyp uep,p Meraastrichtia Rne.dba nFokrmatio Nn e,Jewrsey. FIGURE 1S6-18.— Praemuric taauric (aMorozova 1): 6o,vera vllie w otfe sthowin tgh geloboquadrinid-type (praemuricate w) a ltlextur e(ba =r4 0pm )1;7 e,nlarge dview o tfes wt a lol afnothe srpecime nshowin gthe praemuricat ecancellat ewa l(lba =r1 0pm )1; 8 e, nlarge dview o tfes wt a lol af nothe srpecime nshowing elongat es,ubparall erlidge csonnecte bd syhor lte, s dsevelope rdidge surroundin tgh peore (sba 1= rp0m). Paleocene Z, on eP aI M, iller sFerry A, labama c,or e225 F, igure s16 1, 7 f,rom sampl e21 6an dFigur e1 8from sam 1p9l4e. 118 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 6 Praemuric an dMicroperforates FIGURE 1S-4. —Praemuri cpaseudoinconstan (sBlow o1):,vera vlile owtef sthowin tgh geloboquadrinid-type (praemuricate w) a tllextur e(ba =4r 0pm ) 2; 4e,,nlarge dvie wo 6ft han d3r dchamber sr,espectivel ys,howing th teypic palraemurica twe atlelxtu roeflongat seu, bparal lreildg ecsonnecte b dsyhorte lre, sdsevelope rdidges surroundin gth epore sa,n dshowin gligh gtametogenet icalcificatio n(ba =1r 0pm )3 ;e,nlarge dview of anothe srpecime nshowin gth epraemuricat ewa tllextur e(ba 1=r p0m )P.aleocene Z,on eP aIM, iller Fserry, Alabam aco, r2e2 5sa, mp l1e94. FIGUR E5.— Igorin apusill a(Bolli )e,nlarge dview o tfes wt a lslhowin gth epraemuricat ewa ltlextur e(ba =r10 pm )P.aleocen eZ,on Pe 4G, lendo lWa e lNl, e wJerse ys,amp l2e86-28 f7eet. FIGUR E6.— Igorin aalbear (iCushma nan dBermudez )e, nlarge dview o tfes wt a lslhowin gth etypical praemurica twea tlel xtu r osefubparall erildge csonnecte b dsyhorte lre, sdsevelope rdidge ssurroundin tghe pore s(ba =r2 0pm )P.aleocene Z,on eP3b D, SD PSit e356/24/2 9:2-9 4cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlantic Ocean. FIGURE 7S-1 0— .Globigerinit galutinat (aEgger ) 7o:,vera vllie wo efar laydu lftorm showin gmicroperforate wa alln dscattere dsma pllustule (sba =1r0 0pm )8 ;m, atur eadu lftorm showin gheav pyustulos ewa tllexture an dbull awit hscattere dsma lpl ustule s(ba r=10 0pm) 9; e, nlarge dview o tfes wt a lol af nothe rspecimen showin gmicroperforat we a wll it hmultifacete dpustule csoverin gpore (sba 2=r p0m )1; 0e,nlarge dvie wof te swta oallfnoth esrpecime snhowin mg icroperfora twea wlli tshma rlol unde pdustule osvergrowin pgores (ba =5prm )R.ecen tp,lankto ne stample N. ort hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE 1S 12, . —Globoconu sdaaubjergens (isBronnimann 1) :o1,vera vlile owtef sthowin mg icroperforate wa wll it hscattere dpustule (sba 5=r p0m )1; 2e,nlarge dvie wo afnothe srpecime nshowin gmicroperforate wa wll it shharp-pointe pdustule (sb a 1= rp0m P).aleocen eZ,on Pei cB,rightse aFtormatio nM, aryland. FIGURE 1S 31,4.— Chiloguembelin carini l(aGlaessner )1: 3o,vera vllie wo tfe ssthowin mg icroperforat we all covered with coarse rounded pustule s(ba r= 50 pm) ;14 ,enlarged view o f3rd chambe rshowing microperfora twea alln rdounde pdustule osvergrowin pgore (sb a 1 =pr0m P).aleocen eZ,on Pe 4W, hitesville We lNl,e wJerse ys,amp l1e80-18 f5eet. FIGURE 1S5-18.— Chiloguembelin ma ors e(Ki line 1):5-1 7o,vera vllie wan ednlarge vdiew o stfe swta sllhowing microperfora textu rwei tchoar smeultifacete pdustul eosvergrowin pgor e(csompa rtFeoigu r9(eF)igu r1e5: ba r= 40 pm ;Figure s16 1, 7 :ba r= 10 pm) P. aleocene Z, one P2 D, SDP Site 356/24/2 :92-94 cm ;Sao Paulo Platea uS,out Ahtlant iOccea n1. 8e,nlarge vdie wo tfe swta lpl,artial lryecrystallize ds,howin mg ultifaceted pustule (sba =2r 0pm )P.aleocene O, D PHol e690B/16/5 7:6-8 0cm M; au dRise S,outher nOcean. 126 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 10 Russian Primar yType Specimens (bar =1s0 0pm) FIGURE S1-3.— Globigerin Ea(oglobigerina t)auric aMorozova 1,961:10 p, i1 .f:ig 5 .h, olotyp eno 3.510/1, Mosco GwA ND;ania Tna, rkhank uPteninsu lCar, ime Sa e.Peraemuri ctaurica. FIGURE S4-6.— Globigerin ainconstan Ssubbotina 1,953:58 p, i3 .f:ig 1 .h, olotyp eno 3.992 S, tP.etersburg VNIGR (I378/18 )z;on o erfotaliform globorotaliid sE,lburga Fnm K.,uba Rnive rn,orther Cnaucasu sS.ee Prae minucorincsatans. FIGURE 7S8,.— Acarinin paraecursor iMa orozov a1,957: 1 1t,ext-fig 1h.,olotyp neo 3.507/ 1M, osco wGAN; Danian K,hokhodz R’ ive rn,orther nCaucasu sS.e e“Discussion f”o Prraemuric ainconstan asn dfor Praem uunrciicnaata. FIGURE 9S-11.— Acarinin iandolens iMs orozov a1,959:111 6te, xt-fi g 1h.,olotyp ne o3.508/ 2M, osco wGAN; Dania Tna,rkhank Puet ninsu lCar,ime Sa e“.eDiscussio nf Po”raemuri cuancinata. FIGURE S12-14.— Globorotali aimital aSubbotina 1, 953:206 p, i1. 6 f:ig 1. 4a-c h, olotyp eno 4. 073 S, t. Petersbu rVgNIG R(3I78/112 z)o; n oreof talifor mgloborotaliid (sDanian? E)l,burgania hnorizo nK,uban Riv enro,rthe Crnaucas uS sGe.elobanomali nimaitata. Figure s15-17.— Globorotali aplanoconic aSubbotina 1,953:210 p, i1.7 f:ig 4.a-c h, olotyp eno 4.081 S, t. Petersbur gVNIGR (I378/118 )z;on oe cfonic aglloborotaliid slo, we t romidd lEeocen (eprobab llyower Eocene S)e, ri eF KsI,hie Ruive Cr,aucasu Sse. Gelobanomalin palanoconica. NUMB E8R5 127 128 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 11 Russian Primar yType Specimens (bar =s10 0pm) FIGURE 1S-3.— Globorotal icaonvex Saubbotin a1,953:20 9p ,1i. 7f:ig 2.a- ch,olotyp neo 4.07 9S ,tP.etersburg VNIGR (I378/116 )z;on o ecfonic aglloborotaliid slo, we t rmo idd lEeocen (eprobab llyowe Erocene S),eries F KI,hie Ruive Cr,aucasu Ss.e “eDiscussion f” oJgrorin ta djikistanensis. FIGURE S4-6.— Globorotali atadjikistanens iBs ykova 1,953:86 p, i3 .f:ig 5.a- ch,olotyp eno 2.794- a(upper specimen S) ,Pt.etersbur VgNIGR (I350/10 S);uzakia Sntag (emidd lPealeocene A),k-Ta us,outher pna rotf Tadzh Bikas iKna, zakhsta Sn e“.eDiscussio nf Io”grori ntadjikistanensis. FIGURE 7S-9.— Globorotal itaadjikistanens iBsykov a1,953:8 6p,aratyp ne o2.794 -(amidd lsepecimen S),t. Petersbur VgNIG R(3I 50/10 S);uzakia Sntag (emidd lPealeocene A),k-Ta us,outher pna r oTtfadzh iBkasin, Kazakhs t SaIgenoe. r tiandajikistanensis. FIGUR E1S0-15. —Globorota laiangula t(aWhit eva) kru. banens Sishutskay 1a9, 5 s6p, ecime nfrso mremaining collection o sSfhutskay (an o6.45-32 S) ,Pt.etersbur VgNIGR zI;on o eAfcarinin caonicotruncat aP ,(1Cmiddle Paleocene) ,Khieu River ,Caucasus .Holotype in Moscow i slost ,hence the identity o fthi staxon canno bt deetermine dF.urthe cronfusin tgh teaxonom isctatu o stfh itsaxo intsh sepecime rnepresente bdy Figure 1s0-1 2w, hic hipsrobab lryeferabl et oMorozovell apanthesm a(Loeblic han dTappan )a,n dthe specime nrepresente db Fyigure 1s3-1 5w, hic hipsrobab lryeferab lte Mo orozovel lacutispir (aBo lalind Cit aT) h. eoloty pfiegu rcieno,ntra srte,sembl eMsorozove lclaonicotrunca (tSaubbotina). NUMB E8R5 129 130 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 12 Russian Primar yType Specimens (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE S1-3.— Acarinin acarinat aSubbotina 1,953:229 p, i2.2 f:ig 5 .p, aratyp eno 4.129 S, tP. etersburg VNIGR (1378/160 z);on o ecfompresse gdloborotaliid sP,aleocene-lowe Erocen eS,erie F sKI,hie Ruiver, Caucasu Ss e.“eDiscussio nf oA”rcarini nnaitida. FIGURE S4-6.— Acarinin aintermedi aSubbotina 1,953:227 p, 2i.0 f:ig 1.5 h,olotyp eno 4.095 S, tP.etersburg VNIG R(3I78/124 z)o; n oceof mpresse gdloborotaliid Ps,aleocene G?,oryach Kelyn chhorizo nK,uba Rniver, Caucasu Ss e.“eDiscussio nf oA”rcarini nnaitida. FIGURE 7S-9.— Guembelitr idaammu lVaoloshin a1,96 1h,ypotyp eP;aleocen eP, 0B,ja l(aK/ sTectio n o2.b, 1 -c2 mabo vbeoundary B),ulgar iSae. “eDiscussion f ”oGruembelitr ciaretacea. FIGURE 1S0-12. —Globanomalin ima ita t(aSubbotin 1a9, 53 h),ypotyp eP;aleocen Pe,lb/ Bc,ja (laK /sTectio nno. 2 bsa, mp Sleu m24/12 B),ulgar iSae. Gelobanomalin ima itata. NUMB E8R5 131 134 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 14 USNM Primary Type Specimens (bar s=5 0pm) FIGURE 1S-3.— Globigerin caompress Palumme 1r,92 6le,ctotyp eC,hicag Foie lMd useu mUC5509 uI;pper Danian Z,on eP2 W, il lPsoin Ftm M., idwa Gy roup N, avarr oCo T.,exas. FIGURE S4 8 ,1,2.— Globorotali aehrenberg Biol l1i,957 h,olotype U, SNM P5060 u;ppe Praleocene L,izard Sprin Fg mTsr.i,nidad. FIGUR E5S-7. G—loborota lpiaseudomenar dBioi l1li9,5 h7o, lotyp UeS, N PM506 G1;loborota lpiaseudomenar- d Ziion eL,izar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad. FIGURE 9S-11.— Globorotal iuancinat Baol l1i,95 7h,olotyp eU,SNM P504 8G; loborotal iuancinat Zaone, low eLriza rSdprin gFsm T.r, inidad. FIGURE 1S 31,4.— Globorotal itarinidadens iBsol l1i,95 (7P=raemuric ianconstan (sSubbotina )h).olotype, USN MP504 4G;loborotal itarinidadens iZson elo,w eLrizar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad. FIGURE 1S 51,6.— Globigerin tariloculinoide Pslumme r1,92 6p,aratyp eU,SNM 37008 8Z;on Pe 2W, il lPsoint Fm M., idwa Gyrou pN,avarr Coo T.,exa sP,lumme srtatio 2n3. NUMB E8R5 135 136 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 15 USNM Primary Type Specimens (bar s=5 0pm) Figure 1s-3.— Globorotal isatrabocel lLaoeblic ahn Tdappa n1,95 7h,olotyp eU,SNM P587 9N;anafal iFam., Alabama. FIGURE 4 S78,,.— Globigerin saoldadoens iBsronniman n1,95 2h,olotyp eU,SN M37008 5L;izar Sdpring Fsm., Trinidad t;yp elocalit yo Gf loborotali avelascoens iZson eo Bf oll i1,957 a=Zon eP5. FIGURE 5S6,.— Globigerin aquiens iLsoeblic han dTappa nh,olotyp eU,SNM P583 9A;qu iFam A.,qu iCareek, Virginia. FIGURE 91S,0. —Globigerin cahascanon Laoeblic ahn Tdappa n1,95 (A7=carinin saubsphaeri c(aSubbotina)), holotyp eU,SN MP584 2Z;on Pe 4u,ppermo sHtomerstow Fnm N.,e wJersey. FIGURE 1S 1, 21,5.— Globorotal icarassat (aCushman v)a ra.equ Caushma ann Rden z1,94 2h,olotyp eU,SNM CC3821 0n;e abras oeGfloborotal isaubbotina Zeon eS,oldad Fom T.,rinidad. FIGUR E1 S134, . —Globigerin daaubjergens Bisronniman 1n9, 5 h3o, lotyp Ue,SN MCC6487 D9;ania Dn,aubjerg Qu Daernrym, ark. NUMB E8R5 137 mm 138 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 16 USNM Primary Type Specimens (bar s=5 0pm) FIGURE 1S- 3—. Globorotal iaalbea Criushma ann Bdermude 1z9, 4 h9,olotyp eU,SN MCC4741 3G;loborotalia pseudomenar Zdoii nMea, dru gFm aCu.,ba. FIGURE S4-6 —. Globorotali apusill alaevigat aBoll i1,95 7( =Igorin albea r(iCushma nan dBermudez)), holotyp Ue,SN MP506 G5;loborota lpiaseudomenar dZioi n Lei,za rSdprin gFsm T.r, inidad. FIGURE 7S-9.— Globorotal ipausil lpausil lBaol l1i,95 7h,olotyp eU,SNM P506 4G;loborotal ipausil lpausilla Zon eG,uayaguaya rWe e 1ll5 9T,rinida Ldeashold sL,td L.,izar Sdpring Fsm T.,rinidad. FIGURE 1S0-1 2—. Globigerin sapiral iBsol l1i,95 7h,olotyp eU,SN MP503 0G;loborotal iuancina tZaon elo, wer Liza rSdprin gFsm T.r,inidad. NUMB E8R5 139 140 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 17 USNM Primary Type Specimens (bar s=5 0pm) FIGURE 1S-3.— Globorotal iapanthesm Laoeblic ahn Tdappa n1,95 7h,olotyp eU,SN MP586 0Z;on Pe 4A,quia F Vmir.g, inia. FIGURE 4S-6.— Globorotal ioacclus Laoeblic han dTappan 1,95 7h,olotyp eU, SNM P5874 Z;on Pe 4V,elasco Sh aTlaem, aulip Mase,xico. FIGURE 7S-9. —Pseudogloborota lpiaasionens Bisermude 1z9, 6 h1,olotyp Ue,SN M63906 3sa; mp Gle-5 R8,io d Peasio nPEl,ete nG,uatemala. FIGURE 1S0-12.— Pulvinulin vaelascoens iCsushma n1,92 5h,olotyp eU,SN MCC434 7V;elasc Fom S.,a Lnuis Poto Tsai,mp iEcmo bayme enat,ste Mrnexico. 85 178 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 36 Globanomalin aplanocompress a(Shutskaya 1,965) (Figure s1-4 :bar s= 40 pm ;Figure s5 ,6 :bar s= 100 pm) FIGUR E1 —. Zon eP a IM, iller sFerry A, labama c,or e225 s,ampl e194. FIGURE S2 3 ,6 ,—. Zon eP aI M, iller sFerry A, labama s,urfac esampl e3 0feet. FIGUR E4 —. Zon ePlb E,urek aCore G, u lof Mf exico s,ampl e6817-6817. 5feet. Figu r5e.—Zon Pe iBc,rightse aFtm M., aryland. Globanomalin aimitat a(Subbotina 1, 953) (Figure s8-13 ,15 ,16 :bar s= 40 pm ;Figure s7 ,14 :bar s= 100 pm) FIGURE 7S1,6.—Zon ePi cM, exi aCla My br M., idwa Gy roup T,exas. FIGURE S8-12.—Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .W, hitesvill eWel lN, ew Jersey s,ampl e210-21 5fee tF;igur e12, vie swhowin ingn ewrho ocrofl nical-shape cdhambe rwsi tphustulo sseurface. FIGURE 1S3-1 .5—Globanomalin af fim. itat taransition at loG o.vali sZ,on eP 4N, erine Fam P.,ondicherry, Sou tIhnd isaa,mp PleT14. NUMB E8R5 179 -(■}/■ 184 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 39 Acarinina coalingensis (Cushman and Hanna ,1927) (bar s=10 0jim) FIGURE S1 4 ,1,3-15.—Zon eP5 D, SD PSit e465/3/1 5:9-6 1cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. FIGURE S2 3, 8, 1, 2 1, 6.—Zon eP5 D, SD PHol e20C/6/4 1: 7-1 9cm B; raz iBl asin S, out hAtlanti cOcean. FIGURE S5-7 9,- 1 —. Zon eP5 O, D PHol e758A/28/1 5:0-5 2cm N; inetyeas Rt idge I,ndia nOcean. NUMB E8R5 185 186 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 40 Acarinina mckanna i(White ,1928) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE S1-4.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/4/3 6:2-6 4cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. FIGURE 5S-7.—Zon Pe 4D,SD SPi t3e84/6/C Cs;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,or tAhtlant Oiccean. FIGUR 8E—. Zon Pe 4D,SD SPit 3e84/7/ 16:0-6 c2m s;outhea sNt ewfoundlan dRidg eN, ort hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE S9-11—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e527/27/1 3:0-3 2cm W; alv iRsidge S,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE 1S 21,6.—Zon Pe 4O, D PHo l7e58A/28/5 5:0-5 c2m N; inetyea sRtidg eI,ndia nOcean. FIGUR 1E3.—La tPealeocen eO,D HPo l7e38C/16R/ 15:5-6 c0m K;erguele Pnlatea uso, uther In dia Oncean. FIGURE 1S 41,5.—Zon Pe 4V,incentow nFm G., lendo lWa e lNl, e wJerse ys,amp l2e19-22 f1eet. NUMB E8R5 187 *Tri> wiw 1 188 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 41 Acarinina nitida (Martin ,1943) (Figures 1-4 ,7 ,10 :bars = 40 |im ;Figures 13-15 :bars = 50 pm ;Figures 5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,11 ,12 ,16 :bars = 100 pm) FIGURE S1-3 7,.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e384/9/2 1:36-13 8cm. FIGURE S41,0.—Zon eP 4D, SD PSit e384/8/4 1:36-13 8cm s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidge N, ort hAtlantic Ocean. FIGURE S5 8 ,9 ,1,1 1,2.—Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .G, lendol aWel lN, ew Jersey s,ampl e219-22 1feet. FIGUR 6E.—Zon Pe 5O, D HP o l7e58A/28/ 35:0-5 c2m N; inetyea sRtidg eIn, dia nOcean. FIGUR 1E3.—Low eErocen eO,D HPo l7e38C/10 R2:77.7 m8 bsf. FIGURE 1S 41,5.—Lowe Erocen eO, D PHo l7e38C/10R/3 9:8-10 c2m K;erguele nPlateau s,outher nIndian Ocean. FIGUR 1E6.—Uppe Praleocen eO,D HPo l6e90B/25/ 39:0-9 c2m M; au Rdis eS,outher Oncean. NUMB E8R5 189 190 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 42 Acarinin asoldadoensi s(Bronnimann 1, 952) (bar 1s-0 0^m) FIGURE 1S-3.—Zon eP 4D, SD PSit e465/4/4 6:2-6 c4m. Figur e4.—Zon eP5 O, D PHol e758A/28/3 5:0-5 2cm. FIGURE S5-7.—Zon eP6a D, SD PHol e20C/3/1 1:-1 9cm B;raz Bilasin S,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE S8 1,2-14.—Zon eP5 D, SD PSit e465/3/1 5:9-6 1cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. Figure 9s-11.—Zon Pe 5D, SD PSit 2e13/16/ 11:04-10 c6m e;aster nIndia nOcean. FIGURE 1S 51,6.—Zon Pe 4O, D PHo l7e58A/28/ 55:0-5 c2m N; inetyea sRtidg eI,ndia nOcean. NUMB E8R5 191 192 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 43 Acarinina strabocella (Loeblich and Tappan ,1957) (Figures 1 ,2 ,5 :bars = 40 (im ;Figures 3 ,4 ,6-16 :bars = 100 ^m) FIGUR E1.—Zon eP3b H, ornerstow nFm N., e wJerse yN, J T12- 1A. FIGURE S2 3 ,1,3.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e356/25/5 1:48-15 0cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlanti cOcean. FIGURE S4 7, 8, 1, 0 1, 1 1, 4 1, 6.—Zon eP2 O, DP Hol e750A/11/2 1: 9-2 1cm. FIGURE 5 S6 91,,,2.—Zon Pe2/ 3O,D HPo l7e50A/11/ 1:49-150cm K;erguele Pnlatea us,outher Inndia Oncean. FIGUR 1E5.—Zon Pe 3D,SD SPi t3e84/9/ 61:36-13 c8m s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlant iOccean. NUMB E8R5 193 w■ M1t 194 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 44 Acarinina subsphaerica (Subbotina 1, 947) (bar =s10 0pm) FIGURE 1 S51,,6.—Zon Pe 4D,SD SPit 3e84/7/CC s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlant iOc cean. FIGURE S2 3, 8, 1, 0 1, 3.—Zon eP4 D, SDP Sit e465/5/1 6: 5-6 7cm. FIGUR 4E.—Upp ePraleocen Oe,D HPo 7le38C/15 R32: 2. 0m7b ssfo; uthe rKnerguele Pnlatea uSo, uthe rOncean. FIGURE S6 7,.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e527/27/1 3:0-3 2cm W; alv iRs idge S,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE 9S1,1.—Zon Pe 5O, D PHo l7e58A/28/3 5:0-5 c2m N; inetyeas Rtidg eI,ndia nOcean. Figur 1e2.—Zon Pe 4O, D HPo l7e61B/17/ 64:9-5 c1m W; omba Ptlatea ue,aster nIndia nOcean. FIGURE S14 1,5.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/4/4 6:2-6 4cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. NUMB E8R5 195 196 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 45 Morozovella acuta (Toulmin ,1941) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE S1 3 ,5 ,6 ,9,-11.—Zon eP4 V,elasc oFm .T,amaulipa sM, exico. FIGURE S2 1,2-14.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/5/4 6:3-6 4cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. FIGURE S4 7 ,8 ,—. Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .G, lendol aWel lN, ew Jersey s,ampl e230-23 2feet. NUMB E8R5 197 198 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 46 Morozovella acutispira (Bolli and Cita, 1960) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE 1S-6.—Zon eP3b D, SD PSit e527/28/6 3:0-3 c2m W; alv iRsidg eS,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE 7S1,2.— Zon eP 4V,incentow nFm W., hitesvill eWe lNl, e wJerse ys,ampl e212-22 0feet. FIGURE S8 9,.—Zon eP4? O, D PHol e864C/13/2 7:3-7 5cm E;as Ptacif iRc ise e,aster ncentra Placif iOc cean. FIGURE S10 1,1.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/4 6:2-6 4cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. FIGUR E1S3-15.—Topotype Zso, nP eP4a, dern do’Add nao, rthe rIntaly. NUMB E8R5 199 vC ’ t.;• m 200 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 47 Morozovella aequa (Cushman and Renz ,1942) (Figure s1-3 ,7-10 ,13-16 :bar s= 100 pm ;Figure s4-6 ,11 ,12 :bar s= 200 pm) FIGURE 1S-3.—Zon Pe 5O, D PHo l7e58A/28/ 55:0-5 c2m. FIGURE S4 6 ,7,.—Zon eP5 O, D PHol e758A/28/1 5:0-5 2cm N, inetyeas Rt idge I,ndia nOcean. FIGURE S5 1,1 1,2.—Zon eP5 D, SD PSit e465/3/1 5:9-6 1cm. FIGURE S8-10.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/3 9:8-10 0cm H; es Rsise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. FIGURE S1 31, 41,6.—Zon eP 4V,incentow nFm G., lendol aWe lNl, e wJerse ys,ampl e230-23 2feet. FIGUR 1E5.—Zon Pe V4,elas cFom T.a, maulipa Ms,exico. NUMB E8R5 201 sL* v3.^- 202 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 48 Morozovella angulata (White ,1928) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE S1-3 1, 1.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e356/21/4 1: 10-11 2cm S; a oPaul oPlateau S, out hAtlanti cOcean; Figure 1s-3 M, a.f fM. a.ngulata. FIGURE S4 5 ,7, —. Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/6/5 6: 6-6 8cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. Figur e6.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e384/11/1 8:6-8 8cm. FIGURE 8S-10.—Zon eP 2D, SD PSit e527/30/1 5;0-5 2cm W; alv iRsidge S,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGUR E12.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e384/ 1/3 3:0-3 2cm. Figure 1s3-16.—Zon Pe 2D,SD SPi t3e84/10/C Cs;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,or tAhtlant Oiccean. NUMBE 8R5 203 204 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 49 Morozovella apanthesma (Loeblich and Tappan ,1957) (bar =s10 0(im) FIGURE S1-6.—Zon eP 4D, SD PSit e465/4/1 6:2-6 4cm. FIGURE S7-9.—Zon eP 3D, SD PSit e465/6/5 6:6-6 8cm. FIGURE S1 01,1.—Zon eP 3D, SD PSit e384/10/5 2:4-2 6cm s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidge N, ort hAtlantic Ocean. FIGURE 1S2-15.—Zon Pe3 aD,SD PSit 4e65/7/CC H; es Rsis ec,entr aNl ort hPacif iOc cean. NUMB E8R5 205 km ■j >»P, ?j/* ?Wka 206 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 50 Morozovell aconicotruncat a(Subbotina 1, 947) (Figure s1 ,5 ,9-15 :bar s= 100 ^m ;Figure s2-4 ,6-8 :bar s= 200 (am) FIGURE 1S-3.—Zon Pe 3D,SD SPit 3e84/10/ 21:36-13 c8m. Figure s4-6.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/6/5 6:6-6 8cm. FIGURE 7S-9.—Zon Pe3 bO, D HPo l7e58A/31/ 15:0-5 c2m N; inetyea sRtidg eIn, dia On cean. Figure 1s0-12.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/6/3 6:1-6 3cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. FIGURE 1S3-15.—Zon Pe 3D,SD SPit 3e84/10/ 31:0-1 c2m s;outhea sNt ewfoundlan dRidg eN, ort hAtlantic Ocean. NUMB E8R5 207 |yy .v . 208 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 51 Morozovella occlusa (Loeblich and Tappan ,1957) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE 1S-3.—Zon eP 4D, SD PSit e465/4/1 6:2-6 c4m. Figure 4 s8 9,,.—Zon eP4 V,elasc oFm T.,amaulipa sM, exico. Figure 56s,.—Zon Pe 4D,SD SPit 3e84/6/CC s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlant iOc cean. FIGUR 7E.—Zon Pe 4O, D HPo l7e58A/29/ 45:0-5 c2m N; inetyea sRtidg eIn, dia nOcean. FIGURE S10 1,1.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/4/4 6:2-6 4cm. FIGURE S12 1,5.—Zon eP4 ?O, D PHol e864C/13/2 7:3-7 5cm E;as Ptacif iRcise e,aster ncentra Placif iOc cean. Figure s13 1,4.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/3 9:8-10 0cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. NUMB E8R5 209 210 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 52 Morozovell apasionensi s(Bermudez 1, 961) (Figures 4 ,5 ,7 ,8 ,12 ,14 :bars = 100 |im ;Figures 1-3 ,6 ,9-11 ,13 ,15 :bars = 200 jam) Figure s1-3 1, 0 1, 4.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/5/2 6: 2-6 4cm. FIGURE S4 7 ,1,3.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/3 9:8-10 0cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. FIGURE 5S 81,,2.—Zon Pe 4O, D PSit 8e65B/14/3 1:38-14 c0m A;lliso nGuyo tc,entr aelquatori aPlacif iOc cean. FIGUR E6.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e384/7/1 9:0-9 2cm. Figur 9e.—Zon Pe 4D, SD PSit 3e84/6/CC. Figur e11.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e384/7/2 1:06-10 8cm. FIGUR 1E5.—Zon Pe 4D,SD SPi t3e84/6/ 3:0-3 c4m s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlant iOccean. NUMB E8R5 211 X 'S•<'S 212 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 53 Morozovella praeangulata (Blow ,1979) (ba r1=s0 |0am) FIGURE S1-3 1,1-13.—Zon eP3b D, SD PSit e356/24/2 9:2-9 4cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlant iOc cean. Figure 4s-6.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e384/10/5 2:4-2 6cm. FIGUR E7 —. Zon eP3b D, SD PSit e465A/1/1 5:2-5 4cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. Figur e8.— Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e384/10/CC. FIGURE S9 1,0.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e384/11/1 8:6-9 0cm s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidge N, ort hAtlantic Ocean. NUMB E8R5 213 214 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 54 Morozovell asubbotinae (Morozova 1, 939) (Figure s1-3 b: ar s =5 0(urn F; igure s4-12 b: ar s =10 0(am) FIGURE 1S-3.—Zon AeP6 aO,D HPo l7e38C/10 R2:77.7 m8 bs sf;outher Knerguele Pnlatea us,outher Inndian Ocean. Figure 4 s5,.—Zon eP5 O, D PHol e758A/28/1 5:0-5 2cm N; inetyeas Rtidge I,ndia nOcean. FIGURE S6-9.—Zon eP4-P5 D, SD PSit e465/3/1 5:9-6 1cm H; es Rsise c,entra Nl ort hPacif iOc cean. Figure 1s0-12.—ZoneP 5D,SD SPi t2e13/16/ 1:04-10 c6m e;aster Inndia Oncean. Morozovella gracilis (Bolli ,1957) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE 1S3-15.—Zon Pe 5D,SD SPi t2e13/16/ 1:04-10 c6m e;aster Inndia Oncean. NUMBE 8R5 215 216 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION T SPOALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 55 Morozovell avelascoensi s(Cushman 1, 925) (Figure s2 ,3 ,7 ,12 :bar s= 100 (am ;Figure s1 ,4-6 ,8-11 ,13-15 :bar s= 200 jam) Figure 1s-3.—ZoneP 5D,SD SPit 2e13/16/ 11:04-10 c6m e;aster Inndia On cean. FIGURE 4S-6.—Zon eP 4D, SD PSit e465/3/1 5:9-6 c1m. FIGURE 7S-9.—Zon Pe 4O, D PHo l7e58A/28/ 15:0-5 c2m. FIGURE S10 1,2.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/4 6:2-6 4cm H; es Rs ise c,entra Placif iOc cean. FIGUR 1E1.-—Zon Pe 5O,D HPo l7e58A/28/ 15:0-5 c2m N;inetyea sRtidg eIn, dia Oncean. FIGURE 1S3-15.—Zon Pe 4D,SD SPi t3e84/9/C Cso; uthea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,or tAhtlant Oiccean. NUMBE 8R5 217 218 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 56 Igorina albear i(Cushman and Bermudez ,1949) (Figure s1-12 ,16 :bar s= 100 |im ;Figure s13 ,15 :bar s= 40 (im ;Figure 14 :bar= 10 urn) FIGURE S1-3 9,.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e465/3/3 9:8-10 0cm H; es sRise c,entra Nl ort hPacifi cOcean. FIGURE 4S 81,,2.—Zon Pe 4D, SD PSit 3e84/8/1 1:26-12 c8m s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidg eN, ort hAtlantic Ocean. FIGURE S5- 71, 01,1.—Zon eP 4O, D PHol e758A/29/4 5:0-5 2cm N; inetyeas Rtidge I,ndia nOcean. FIGURE S13 1,6.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e356/24/2 9:2-9 4cm. FIGURE S14 1,5.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e356/24/1 1:10-11 2cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlant iOc cean. NUMBE 8R5 219 m"-- *r''. 220 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 57 Igorina pusilla (Bolli, 1957) (Figures 1 ,2 ,5 ,9-11 ,13-16 :bars = 100 pm ;Figures 3 ,4 ,6-8 ,12 :bars = 40 (am) FIGURE S1 2,.—Zon eP4 D, SD PSit e384/7/3 1:30-13 2cm s;outheas Nt ewfoundlan dRidge N, ort hAtlantic Ocean. FIGURE S3 4,.—Zon eP3b D, SD PSit e3/21/CC G; u lof Mf exico. FIGUR 5E.—Zon eP 3O, D PHol e761B/18X/2 5:2-5 c4m. FIGURE 6S- 81,2.—Zon Pe 4V,incentow nFm G., lendo lWa e lNl, e wJerse ys,amp l2e8 f6eet. FIGURE S9 1,0.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/6/5 6:6-6 8cm. FIGUR E11.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/5/4 6:3-6 4cm H; es Rsise c,entra Placif iOc cean. FIGURE 1S3-16.—Zon Pe 4O,D HPo l7e61B/18X/ 15:2-5 c4m W; omb aPtlatea uIn, dia Oncean. NUMBE 8R5 221 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 58 Igorina tadjikistanensis (Bykova ,1953) (Figure 1 :ba r= 40 pm ;Figure s2-12 :bar s= 100 pm) FIGURE S1 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 0 1, 2.—Zon eP4 V, elasc oFm .T, amaulipas M, exico. FIGURE S3 5 ,7 ,9 ,1,1.—Zon eP4 V, incentow nFm .G, lendol aWel lN, ew Jersey s,ampl e230-23 2feet. NUMBE 8R5 223 224 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 59 Praemuric ainconstan s(Subbotina 1, 953) (bar =s10 0Jim) FIGURE S1-3 1,3 1,5 —. Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/7/CC H; es sRise c,entra Pl acifi cOcean. FIGURE S4-7 1,2 1,6.—Zon ePi cD, SD PSit e356/26/4 1:17-11 8cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlanti cOcean. FIGURE S8-11.—Zon ePi cD, SD PSit e527/30/4 3:0-3 2cm W; alv iRsidge S,out hAtlant iOc cean. Figur 1e4.—Zon Pe 2D,SD SPit 3e84/11/ 33:0-3 c2m s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlant iOc cean. NUMB E8R5 225 226 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 60 Praemuric apseudoinconstan s(Blow 1, 979) (Figure s1-11 :bar s= 50 jam ;Figure s12 1, 3 :bar s= 10 pm) FIGURE S1 3 ,6 ,—. Zon ePa M, iller sFerry A, labama c,or e226 s,ampl e85. FIGURE S2 1,0-13.—Zon ePla M, iller sFerry A, labama c,or e225 s,ampl e194 F;igur e1 2(view o 2fn dchamber o Ffigur e11 a)n dFigur e1 3(view o 4ft hchambe or Ffigur e10 s)howin gcancellat enonspinos ewa ltlexture. FIGUR 4E.—Zon Pel aD,SD SPi t3e84/13/ 21:40-14 c2m s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,or tAhtlant iOccean. FIGUR E5.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e356/25/5 1:48-15 0cm S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlant iOc cean. FIGURE 9S1,.—Zon ePla M, iller Fserry A, labama c,or e225 s,ampl e216. FIGUR E8.—Zon ePla D, SD PHol e465A/3/3 1:20-12 2cm H; es Rsise c,entra Placif iOc cean. NUMB E8R5 227 /'r; 228 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS OPALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 61 Praemurica taurica (Morozova ,1961) (Figures 2 ,4 ,7 ,9 ,11 ,12 :bars = 100 pm ;Figures 1 ,3 ,5 ,6 ,8 ,10 ,15 :bars = 40 jam; Figure s13 1, 4 b: ar s =1 0pm) FIGURE S1 3,.—Zon eP a IM, iller Fserry A, labama c,or e225 s,ampl e216. FIGURE S2 4,.—Zon eP a IM. iller Fserry A, labama c,or e225 s,ampl e194. FIGUR E5 —. Zon ePa M, iller Fserry A, labama c,or e226 s,ampl e5. FIGUR 6E—. Zon Pel aO, D HPo l7e50A715/ 28:-1 c2m s;outher Knerguele Pnlatea us,outher Inndia On cean. FIGURE S7 9, 1, 3 1, 4.—Zon ePla M, iller sFerry A, labama s,ampl e3 0fee at bov ePrairi eBluff F; igure s13 1, 4, view o swf a ol lFfigur s9ehowin gcancellat neonspinos we a tllexture. FIGUR 8E.—Zon Pe aM, iller Fserr yA,labam ac,or 2e2 5s,amp l3e34. FIGUR E10 —. Zon ePa M, iller Fserr yA, labama c,or e226 s,ampl e15. FIGURE S11 1,2 1,5.—Zon ePi cD, SD PSit e356/26/CC S;a oPaul oPlateau S,out hAtlant iOc cean. NUMBE 8R5 229 230 SMITHSONIA CNONTRIBUTION TS POALEOBIOLOGY PLATE 62 Praemurica uncinata (Bolli ,1957) (bar 1=s0 (0am) FIGURE S1-3 5,-7 1,6.—Zon eP3 D, SD PSit e465/7/CC H; es Rs ise c,entra Placif iOc cean. FIGURE S4 8 ,9 ,1, 2-15.—Zon eP2 D, SD PSit e384/11/3 3: 0-3 2cm. FIGURE 1S 01,1.—Zon Pe 2D,SD SPit 3e84/11/ 31:36-13 c8m s;outhea sNtewfoundlan Rdidg eN,ort Ahtlantic Ocean. NUMBE 8R5 231 IpMs& srh'^sSPP^ wsi*rf Berggren, William A. et al. 1999. "Family Truncorotaloididae Loeblich and Tappan, 1961." Atlas of Paleocene planktonic foraminifera 85, 45–77. View This Item Online: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/267464 Permalink: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/352116 Holding Institution Smithsonian Libraries Sponsored by Smithsonian Institution Copyright & Reuse Copyright Status: In copyright. Digitized with the permission of the rights holder. Rights Holder: Smithsonian Institution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Rights: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/permissions This document was created from content at the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the world's largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. Visit BHL at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org. This file was generated 21 August 2023 at 22:55 UTC