West African Myodocopid Ostracoda
(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)
LOUIS S. KORNICKER
and
FRANCISCA ELENA CARAION
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 241
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 241
African Myodocopid Ostracoda
(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)
Louis S. Kornicker
and Francisca Elena Caraion
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1977
A B S T R A C T
Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion. West African Myodocopid
Ostracoda (Cypridinidae, Philomedidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,
number 241, 100 pages, 52 figures, 28 plates, 1 table, 1977.?Eleven species, in-
cluding 5 new species and 1 new subspecies, in 6 genera in the families Cyp-
ridinidae and Philomedidae, collected by the research vessels Thalassa and
Cornide de Saavedra in 1971 from the shelf and slope of Spanish Sahara and
the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, are described and illustrated.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded
in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea
cavernosa (Linnaeus).
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-
West African myodocopid Ostracoda (Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)
(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 241)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Philomedidae. 2. Paradoloria. 3. Crustacea?Spanish Sahara. 4. Crustacea?Mauritania. I.
Caraion, Francisca Elena, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smith-
sonian contributions to zoology ; no. 241.
QL1.S54 no. 241 [QL444.085] 591'.08s [595'.33] 76-17590
Contents
Page
Introduction 1
Acknowledgments 3
Station Data 4
CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850 5
CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850 5
Paradoloria Poulsen, 1962 5
fParadoloria species indeterminate 5
PHILOMEDIDAE Muller, 1908 6
Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae 6
PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1908 6
Microstructures 7
Key to the Genera of Philomedinae 8
Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853 8
Key to the Species of Philomedes of West Africa 9
Key to Adult Females of the Species of Philomedes 9
Philomedes bonneti, new species 9
Philomedes tetradens, new species 15
Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962 19
Key to the Species and Subspecies of Euphilomedes of West Africa 19
Euphilomedes asper (Muller, 1894) 20
Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974 23
Key to the Subspecies of Euphilomedes sinister 23
Euphilomedes sinister sinister Kornicker, 1974, new status 24
Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies 24
Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species 27
Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896 32
Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887) 32
Scleroconcha Skogsberg, 1920 40
Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871) 40
PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967 46
Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae 46
Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1893 46
Microstructures 47
Sexual Dimorphism 47
Ontogeny 48
Key to Adult Females of the Species of Pseudophilomedes 48
Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, 1894 49
Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species 56
Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species 64
Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, 1894 68
Table 1: World distribution and depth zones of Philomedidae 68
Literature Cited 69
Plates 71
Index 99

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda
(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)
Louis S. Kornicker
and Francisca Elena Caraion
Introduction
This work reports on the shelf and slope myodo-
copid Ostracoda of the families Cypridinidae and
Philomedidae collected in bottom trawls by person-
nel aboard the research vessels Thalassa (12 stations)
and Cornide de Saavedra (2 stations) in the vicin-
ity of Spanish Sahara (4 stations) and Mauritania
(10 stations) (Figure 1). It is the second of three
papers describing the ostracodes collected on the
cruises. The Cylindroleberididae have already been
described (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974); the third
part, which is in preparation, will describe the
families Rutidermatidae and Sarsiellidae.
The Thalassa collection contained 57 specimens
and the Cornide de Saavedra collection contained
19 specimens of Philomedidae. Of these, two juve-
niles could not be identified at the genus level. The
remaining specimens are referred to 10 species in
five genera. Ten of the species were found off
Mauritania, of which two were also found off Span-
ish Sahara. One species was found only off Spanish
Sahara. The Cypridinidae were represented in the
collection by only two juveniles, both are referred
questionably to the genus Paradoloria. The two
specimens were found off Mauritania, each vessel
collecting one. The range of latitudes from which
Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Na-
tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C. 20560. Francisca Elena Caraion, Institute
of Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independents 296, Bucharest,
Romania.
each species was collected is shown in Figure 2,
and the range of depths in Figure 3.
All specimens identified to the generic level and
retained in the collection of the National Museum
of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, D.C. were assigned USNM numbers (former
United States National Museum). Those deposited
in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore An-
tipa," Bucharest, Romania, were assigned either
numbers of that museum or USNM numbers; the
latter are enclosed by brackets in the text. Magnifi-
cations shown in legends of Plates 1-28 are those
used in taking SEM micrographs. These were re-
duced for publication; reduction is given at end of
each legend.
Th jnly Philomedidae previously identified from
the otudy area are Scleroconcha folinii (Brady,
1871), Tetragonodon ctenorynchus Brady, 1887, T.
erinaceus Brady and Norman, 1896, Paramekodon
in flatus Brady and Norman, 1896. Streptoleberis
favosa, Brady and Norman, 1896, and 5. rectirostris
Brady and Norman, 1896. Miiller (1912:51) cor-
rectly referred to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et
species dubiae" three of the species: Tetragonodon
erinacens, Streptoleberis favosa, and S. rectirostris.
The three species could not be recognized with cer-
tainty among the specimens in the present collec-
tion and therefore are left in the category to which
they were referred by Muller. Paramekodon in-
flatus was not represented in the collection. Speci-
mens of Tetragonodon ctenorynchus and Sclerocon-
cha folinii were present in the collection and are
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
25?
24?
23? >
18?
? 2 5 ?
24?
"!?>'/?}:.,''. . SPANISH SAHARA
ETIENNE (NOAOHIBOU)
xo48 " ? ; ? ?
? V Sp-Cope Blanco
?X070
X042 "W-::.V. ? ? I S L A M I C
R E P U B L I C
M A U R I T A N I A
19? 18? 17? 16? 15? 14? 13?
FIGURE 1.?Map showing locations of stations containing ostracodes reported upon herein.
(Thalassa station numbers preceded by "X" and Cornide de Saavedra station numbers preceded
by "A.")
redescribed herein. Two species in the family that
have been reported from southern Africa but were
not in the study area are Euphilomedes africanus
(Klie, 1940) and E. komickeri Hartmann, 1974. A
species in the family that has been reported off
Morocco but was not found in the study area is
Philomedes macandrei (Baird, 1848) (Kornicker,
1969b).
Only one species of Cypridinidae has previously
been reported from the study area, Cypridina (?)
bradyi de Folin, 1870. That species was referred to
"Cypridinarum genera dubia et species dubiae," by
NUMBER 241
?PARADOLORIA SPECIES INDETERMINATE
PHILOMEDES BONNETI
PHILOMEDES TETRADENS
EUPHILOMEDES ASPER
EUPHILOMEDES SINISTER PENTATHRIX
EUPHILOMEDES SCHORNIKOVI
TETRAGONODON CTENORYNCHUS
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES ANGULATUS
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES THALASSA
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES TETRATHRIX
SCLEROCONCHA FOLINII
18* 21* 22*I9? 20*
LATITUDE (N)
FIGURE 2.?Latitudinal distribution of species in study area.
23 - 24* 25"
Muller (1912:50). Kornicker (1975b: 17) believed the
species to belong in the family Cylindroleberididae
but concurred with Muller. Species of Cypridinidae
that have been reported from southern Africa are
"Cypridina" nobilis Cleve, 1905, Azgocypridina
africanus (Stebbing, 1901), Paradoloria dorsoserrata
(Muller, 1908), P. vanhoeffeni (Muller, 1908), P.
capensis (Cleve, 1905), Paravargula arborea (Muller,
1908) and Skogsbergia caudata (Cleve, 1905). The
two specimens, both juveniles, of Cypridinidae in
the present collection have been referred to IPara-
doloria species indeterminate.
Four species in the present collection have been
reported from other regions: Euphilomedes asper
(Muller, 1894), Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller,
1894, Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871), and Tetra-
gonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887) (Table 1, p.
68). The last species has been reported from the
coast of Africa north of the study area. The other
species have been reported from the Mediterranean
Sea. Scleroconcha folinii has also been reported from
the Atlantic coast of Europe as far north as the
Bay of Biscay. The species Euphilomedes sinister
Kornicker, 1974, has been divided herein into two
subspecies, one off Mauritania and the other both
in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic in the
vicinity of Europe as far north as Plymouth, Eng-
land. Adult males of the genera Tetragonodon and
Pseudophilomedes are described herein for the first
time.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.?We thank Dr. Mihai
BScescu, Museum of Natural History "Grigore An-
tipa," for the ostracodes from the Thalassa, and Dr.
Ramon Margalef, Instituto de Investigationes Pes-
queras, Barcelona, for the ostracodes from the
Cornide de Saavedra. Mrs. Carolyn Gast rendered
the shaded drawings of carapaces. Mr. Paul Mazer
made most of the initial camera lucida drawings of
appendages and then inked the final drawings. Miss
Maura McManus assisted in final preparation of
figures. Freeze-drying of specimens for photography
was done in the laboratory of Mr. Roland Hower.
The assistance of Walter R. Brown and Miss Mary
J. Mann, who operated the scanning-electron micro-
scope, is acknowledged. The Thalassa cruise was or-
ganized and supported by the Institut Scientifique
et Technique de Peche Maritime de France. We
are grateful to Dr. Mihai BScescu and Mrs. Anne
Cohen for criticizing the manuscript.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
7PARADOL0RIA SPECIES INDETERMINATE
PHILOMEDES BONNETI
PHILOMEDES TETRADENS
EUPHILOMEDES ASPER
EUPHILOMEDES SINISTER PENTATHRIX
EUPHILOMEDES SCHORNIKOVI
TETRAGONODON CTENORYNCHUS
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES ANGULATUS
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES THALASSA
PSEUDOPHILOMEDES TETRATHRIX
SCLEROCONCHA FOLINII
O 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0
WATER DEPTH (m)
FIGURE 3.?Depth distribution of species in study area.
8 0 0 1000 1200
Station Data
Research vessel Thalassa, Jan and Feb 1971; col-
lector: Prof. Dr. Mihai (Micael) Bacescu
Station X041; 29 Jan; 20?10'05''N, 17o32'09wW; 52 m; sand;
Bacescu dredge: Islamic Republic of Mauritania.
Euphilomedes asper: 1 9 (adult or A-I instar).
Station X042; 29 Jan; 20?10WN, 17?39'00"W; 187 m; mud,
sand; Bacescu dredge: Islamic Republic of Mauritania.
Euphilomedes asper: 1 female (adult or A-l instar).
Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species: 1 ovigerous 9 .
Station XO43; 29 Jan; 20o09'08"N, 17?43'01"W; 480 m; mud;
Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.
Philomedes tetradens, new species: 2 adult $, 1 juvenile 9 ?
Station X046; 29 Jan; 20?49'09"N, 17?58'08"W; 1120 m;
sandy mud; Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Maur-
itania.
Tetragonodon ctenorynchus: 4 ovigerous 9. ? adult $, 10
adult 9 and juveniles.
Philomedes bonneti, new species: 1 ovigerous 9, 1 adult $.
Station X048; 29 Jan; 20?50/05"N, 17?39'O0"W; 270 m;
mud + sand; BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of
Mauritania.
Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 adult 9 . 1 A-l $, 1 ju-
venile.
Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species: 4 ovigerous 9, 2
adult 9, 1 adult $, 1 A-l $, 3 additional specimens.
Scleroconcha folinii: 1 ovigerous 9 , 1 adult 9, 9 juveniles.
Station X053; 30 Jan; 21?47'00"N. I7?28'02"W; 260 m; sand;
Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.
Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 A-l $ .
Scleroconcha folinii: 1 specimen.
Euphilomedes schornikovi: 1 A-l $, 1 instar III 9 ?
Station X054; 30 Jan; 21?47'00"N, 17?3O'O6"W; 534 m;
mud + sand; Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.
Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 adult $, 1 A-l $, 1
A-l 9 .
Station X055; 30 Jan; 21?45'06"N, 17?39'08"W; 1045 m;
Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.
Philomedidae genus indeterminate: 1 early instar.
Station X070; 5 Feb; 20?40'04"N) 17?41'01"W; 170-175 m;
sand and mud from Gorgonacea washings; Islamic Re-
public of Mauritania.
IParadoloria species indeterminate: 1 instar I.
Philomedes tetradens, new species: 1 adult 9 ?
Station XO72; 6 Feb; 24?27'09"N, 16?26'00"W; 286-227 m;
sandy mud; BScescu dredge.
Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 A-l $, 1 adult $.
Research vessel Cornide de Saavedra, Sep 1971; col-
lector: Dr. Ramon Margalef; collected with a Van
Veen grab on continental shelf of Islamic Republic
of Mauritania
Station A8a, sample 15; 18?44'N, 16?34'W; 150 m.
fParadoloria species indeterminate: 1 instar III.
Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix new species: 2 ovigerous 9 ,
2 adult 9 , 1 A-l $.
Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species: 1 adult $ .
Station AlOb, sample 16; 18?44'N, 16?34'W; 250 m.
Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix (new subspecies): I ovi-
gerous 9 , 1 adult 9 . 1 A-I $.
NUMBER 241
CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850
The family Cypridinidae contains two subfam-
ilies, Cypridininae Baird, 1850, and Azygocypridini-
nae Kornicker, 1970. Only the former is represented
in the study area.
CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850
Only two juveniles in this subfamily were col-
lected. Both are referred questionably to Paradolo-
ria because at their early stage of development they
cannot be separated with certainty from the closely
related genus Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962.
Paradoloria Poulsen, 1962
Because both specimens collected are very early
instars they were left in open nomenclature as
?Paradoloria species indeterminate.
DISTRIBUTION.?Members of this genus have been
reported mostly from the Indo-West-Pacific area,
but three species live in the vicinity of southern
Africa: P. vanhoeffeni (Muller, 1908), P. capensis
(Cleve, 1905), and P. dorsoserrata (Miiller, 1908).
?Paradoloria species indeterminate
FIGURES 4, 5
MATERIAL.?USNM 152828, single instar I, from
Thalassa station X070; USNM 152827, single instar
III, from Cornide de Saavedra station A8a.
DISTRIBUTION.?This taxon was collected only off
Mauritania at depths of 150-175 m.
DISCUSSION.?A small process with 3 spines on
the posterior of the body of both specimens in the
collection has not previously been described on spe-
cies of either Skogsbergia or Paradoloria, and
should permit the juveniles to be coupled with
adult specimens in future collections from the
study area.
DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR I (Figure 4).?Carapace
with prominant rostrum and narrow caudal proc-
ess (Figure 4a).
Size: USNM 152828, length 0.94 mm, height 0.64
mm.
FIGURE 4.?Paradoloria species indeterminate, instar I, USNM 152828, length 0.94 mm: a,
complete specimen showing lateral eye; b, endopodite and medial bristle on protopodite of
right 2nd antenna, medial view; c, posterior of body showing right furcal lamella, right 6th
limb, right sclerite, and posterior process with 3 spines; d, lateral view of upper lip, anterior
to right; e, posterior process showing 3 spines and 2 hairs.
6Second Antenna (Figure 46): Protopodite with
medial bristle. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint bare,
2nd joint elongate with terminal bristle.
Sixth Limb: Hirsute, without bristles (Figure 4c).
Seventh Limb: Absent.
Furca (Figure 4c): Each lamella with 4 stout claws
followed by 2 minute incipient claws; all claws sep-
arated from lamella by suture.
Lateral Eye: Well developed (Figure 4a).
Upper Lip: Undivided anterior part, divided pos-
terior part (Figure 4d).
Posterior of Body: Small process present with 3
spines (Figure Ac,e).
DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR III (Figure 5).?Carapace
with caudal process better developed than on Instar
1 (Figure 5a).
Size: USNM 152827, length 1.31 mm, height 0.64
mm.
Second Antenna: Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure
56): 1 bristle on 1st joint; terminal bristle on 2nd
joint.
Sixth Limb: Well developed with numerous
bristles.
Seventh Limb: Present but without bristles (Fig-
ure 5c).
Furca (Figure bd): Each lamella with 8 claws, all
separated from lamella by suture; claw 4 shorter
and more slender than claw 5.
Lateral Eye: Well developed (Figure 5e).
Rod-shaped Organ: Short with terminal node
(Figure be).
Upper Lip: Undivided anterior part and divided
posterior part with small lateral posterior lobe on
each side (Figure be).
Posterior of Body: Small process present with 3
spines (Figure 5/,g).
PHILOMEDIDAE Miiller, 1908
The Philomedidae contain two subfamilies: Phi-
lomedinae Miiller, 1908, and Pseudophilomedinae
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Kornicker, 1967. Both are represented in the study
area.
PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1908
This subfamily is represented in the collections
by four genera: Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853; Eu-
philomedes Poulsen, 1962, Scleroconcha Skogsberg,
1920, and Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896.
The other members of the subfamily are: Anarthron
Kornicker, 1975; Igene Kornicker, 1975; and Para-
philomedes Poulsen, 1962.
FIGURE 5.?Paradoloria species indeterminate, instar III,
USNM 152827, length 1.31 mm: a, complete specimen
showing lateral eye; b, endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, 7th
limb; d, left lamella of furca and left Y-sderite; e, anterior
of body showing left lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped
organ, anterior process, and upper lip; /, posterior of body
showing posterior process with 3 spines; g, posterior process.
Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae
Rod-shaped organ with numerous joints; 2nd exopodite joint of 5th limb of female and juvenile
male with fanglike prolongation PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE
Rod shaped organ with few or numerous joints; 2nd exopodite joint of 5th limb of female and
juvenile male not fanglike (2nd joint of Euphilomedes ferox Poulsen, 1962, resembles those in
Pseudophilomedinae, but rod-shaped organ without numerous joints PHILOMEDINAE
NUMBER 241
MICROSTRUCTURES
The microstructures described below are con-
cerned only with the collected species.
NORMAL PORES.?Philomedes: Only pores with
bristles were observed on the surface of the carapace
of P. bonneti (Plates \b-f, 2b) and P. tetradens
(Plate ba-c). Some of the pores of P. bonneti bear-
ing long bristles have a low circular rim lying just
within the outer edge of the pore structure (Plate
le-f).
Euphilomedes: Only simple pores with short
bristles were observed on E. sinister pentathrix
(Plates 86-/, 96), and with long bristles on E. asper
(Plate 6/).
Tetragonodon: T. ctenorynchus bears simple
pores with bristles and without bristles (Plate lOe).
The latter have a peripheral rim and are in the
middle of pustules (Plate lla,6).
Scleroconcha: S. folinii has simple rimmed pores
bearing long bristles (Plate 15e), and smaller pores
without bristles (Plates 15e,/, 16a). The latter are
separated by a small space from a surrounding rim
(Plate 15/); the rim around some pores forms a
wall having the appearance of a pustule (Plate 16a).
The rim around pores could be a remnant of a
pustule-like wall.
ORNAMENTATION.?Philomedes: P. bonneti bears
small shallow fossae (Plate 16). P. bonneti has a
small projection on the lower corner of the rostrum
(Plate \c,d), whereas, P. tetradens has a much longer
projection in the same place (Plate 5a,6). The sur-
face of P. tetradens bears minute papillae (Plate
5c).
Euphilomedes: E. asper has shallow flat-bottomed
fossae with a raised peripheral rim (Plate 6d,e); the
surface of both the bottom of fossae and the area
between fossae bear minute papillae (Plate 6e). E.
sinister pentathrix has polygonal muri (Plates 7-9),
an upper and lower posterior process on the left
valve (Plates le,f, 8d-/), and peculiar closely packed
ribbed structures, evident mostly on the posterior
part of the shell (Plates Sd-f, 9). The latter may
be formed after death of the animal.
Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhynchus has a finely
papillate surface visible clearly only at magnifica-
tions of about 15,000 (Plate 1 la,6).
Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears horizontal ribs (Plate
15a-c), distinct flat-bottomed, shallow fossae (Plate
15d), and minute pustulae and rimmed pores
(Plates 15*,/, 16a).
BRISTLES.?Philomedes: Both P. bonneti and P.
tetradens bear long bristles with broad crenulate
bases (Plates Id-/, 26, 3a,6, 5a,6). but they are
sparsely distributed. Short stout bristles were ob-
served on P. tetradens (Plate 5c); these may also be
on P. bonneti.
Euphilomedes: Long bristles with broad crenu-
late bases are present on E. asper (Plate 6/). E. sinis-
ter pentathrix bears short bristles with bulbous tips
(Plate 8c).
Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhynchus bears both short
bristles and long bristles with broad crenulate bases
(Plate 106-/). The crenulations on the broad base
of the long bristles are discontinuous and bear mi-
nute papillae (Plate 10/). These differ from the con-
tinuous and non-papillate surface of bristles of
Philomedes (Plate 1/).
Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears long bristles with
broad crenulate bases (Plate 15e). Bristles along
the outer edge of the caudal process have abundant
short marginal hairs (Plate 186,c).
INFOLD.?Philomedes: P. bonneti bears long
spinous bristles on the rostral infold (Plate 3a), short
spinous double bristles parallel to the anteroventral
margin (Plate 36), and short bristles forming groups
along the inner margin of the infold of the caudal
process (Plate 2e). The latter bristles on P. tetradens
are tubular and have open ends (Plate 5d). The
bristles in that position on P. bonneti are also prob-
ably tubular. Parallel ribs are present along the
anteroventral infold of P. bonneti (Plate 36).
Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhyncus bears spinous
bristles on the rostral infold (Plate 12a). That spe-
cies also has ribs paralleling the anteroventral mar-
gin (Plate 126). The bristle on the anteroventral
infold below the incisur appears to have a pore
near its middle (Plate 12c). A truncate bristle on
the list of the caudal process is shown in Plate
12d.
Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears spinous bristles on
the rostral infold (Plate 16e,/), and a spinous bristle
at the inner end of the incisur (Plate 16d). Bristles
on the list of the caudal process appear to have
open ends (Plate \7e,f).
SELVAGE.?Philomedes: The lamellar prolonga-
tion of the selvage along the rostrum of P. bonneti
bears lateral ribs and a terminal fringe (Plate Id).
The prolongation is divided in the vicinity of the
incisur, with the rostral prolongation overlapping
the prolongation along the lower edge of the in-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
cisur (Plate lc). A similar lamellar prolongation is
present along the rostrum of P. tetradens (Plate
5a).
Euphilomedes: The segmented lamellar prolon-
gation along the rostrum of E. asper is fringed and
overlaps the prolongation along the lower margin
of the incisur (Plate 66). The prolongation along
the rostrum of E. sinister pentathrix is also seg-
mented (Plate Id).
Tetragonodon: The lamellar prolongation along
the lower margin of the rostrum of T. ctenorhyn-
chus is very narrow (Plate 1 Id).
Scleroconcha: The lamellar prolongation along
the lower margin of the rostrum of 5. folinii is
broad and overlaps the prolongation along the
lower margin of the incisur (Plates 15c, 16c). The
prolongation along the ventral margin of the valve
is fringed and bears minute spines along the lateral
surface (Plate 19).
SHELL MUSCLES.?Tetragonodon: The central ad-
ductor muscles of T. ctenorhynchus have a seg-
mented appearance and fine lineations running
parallel to the strands (Plate 12/).
Scleroconcha: The central adductor muscles of
S. folinii also have a segmented appearance (Plate
18d,e), and flare where they attach to the valve
(Plate 18/).
SEVENTH LIMB.?This was examined only on the
male Philomedes bonneti (Plate 4). The comb teeth
bear alar projections along each margin, and each
tooth has a terminal pore (Plate 4b-d). The proc-
esses opposite the comb have smooth sides, and each
process bears a terminal pore (Plate 4e,f).
LIPS AND MOUTH.?This was examined only on
the female Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Plates 13,
I4a,d-f). The upper lip projects anteriorly (Plate
13a). It is broad at the posterior end near the
mouth, tapering anteriorly to a blunt point (Plate
13&). The tip bears several tubelike processes (Plate
13c,d). In ventral view the lower lip is separated
from the upper lip by a narrow crescent-like mouth
(Plates 136, 14d). In that view the lower lip is
roughly oval in shape (Plate 14d), and bears slender
hairs forming rows parallel to the mouth (Plate
14^). Shorter hairs forming rows are present on the
lower lip near the lateral corners of the mouth
(Plate 14/).
ANTERIOR PROCESS OF BODY.?This was examined
only on Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Plates \3e,
\4b,c). A single smooth, button-like process is pres-
ent between the upper lip and the bases of the 1st
antennae (Plate 13e). The process is without pores
(Plate 146,c).
Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853
Two species of Philomedes were collected: P.
bonneti, new species, and P. tetradens, new species.
The only other species of the genus previously
collected off west Africa is P. macandrei Baird,
1848, which was reported from the west coast of
Morocco by Brady and Norman (1896:662).
The two new species of Philomedes (P. bonneti
and P. tetradens) from the west coast of Africa bring
to six the number of species in this genus having
6 or more elongate pegs opposite the comb of the
7th limb. The other species are P. lilljeborgii (Sars,
1865), a northern species found north of latitude
Key to the Genera of Philomedinae
1. Carapace of female with horizontal ribs (absent or reduced on male); rod-shaped organ
long with 0-17 sutures 2
Carapace without horizontal ribs; rod-shaped organ short conical or long cylindrical with
not more than 1 suture near middle 3
2. Rod-shaped organ with 9-17 sutures Scleroconcha
Rod-shaped organ with wrinkles or few sutures Anarthron
3. Rod-shaped organ conelike Igene
Rod-shaped organ cylindrical 4
4. Carapace with hornlike process near dorsal margin of right valve Paraphilomed.es
Carapace without hornlike process on right valve 5
5. Rod-shaped organ shorter than 1st joint of 1st antenna or absent Tetragonodon
Rod-shaped organ longer than 1st joint of 1st antenna 6
6. Furca with secondary claws between primary claws Euphilomedes
Furca without secondary claws, or with secondary claws following primary claws
Philomedes
NUMBER 241
50?N (Poulsen, 1962:358); P. curvata Poulsen, 1962,
from the West Indies (Poulsen, 1962:355); P. orbic-
ularis Brady, 1907, from the Continental subregion
of Antarctica (Kornicker, 1975a:245), and P. sub-
antarctica Kornicker, 1975, from east of Argentina
between latitudes of 40?-55?S (Kornicker, 1975a:
235).
DISTRIBUTION.?Members of this genus are wide-
spread ranging from the Arctic to Antarctic in the
Atlantic Ocean at depths of intertidal to 3382 m
(Kornicker, 1975:229). Species in the present col-
lection were from off Mauritania at depths of 170-
1120 m.
Philomedes bonneti, new species
FIGURES 6-10; PLATES 1-4
HOLOTYPE.?"Grigore Antipa" 288, ovigerous fe-
male, length 1.99 mm, right valve and some ap-
pendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on 2
slides; right valve gold-plated.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Station X046.
ETYMOLOGY.?The species is named for Dr. Marc
Bonnet, leader of the expedition aboard Thalassa.
ALLOTYPE.?"Gigore Antipa" 289, adult male,
length 2.15 mm, from same station as holotype.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 6-8; Plates
1-4).?Carapace not calcified, with slightly convex
dorsal margin, evenly rounded anterodorsal and
posterodorsal corners, almost straight anterior and
posterior margins except for small caudal process
(Figures 6, la-d; Plates 1-3); ventral margin con-
vex with small swelling near anterior end; distal
margin of rostrum straight with minute protuber-
ance on posterior corner (Figures 6, la; Plate
\c,d); incisur broad with rounded inner end (Fig-
ures 6, 7a).
Ornamentation (Figure le; Plates \b-f): Surface
smooth with widely scattered bristles with broad
base and shorter bristles without broad base; bristles
form row along ventral margin and caudal process;
edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digita-
tions (Figure 7c; Plate 2b,c,f).
Infold (Figure la,c,d; Plates 2d-f, 3): Broad along
anterior and ventral margins and narrow along
posterior margin dorsal to caudal process; infold
on rostrum with 26 bristles, mostly spinous with bi-
furcate tips; 1 small bristle present on infold pos-
terior to inner end of incisur; anteroventral part
of infold with about 15 striae and 17 spinous
bristles; infold along ventral margin bare; list paral-
leling inner margin of posteroventral and posterior
infold with about 43 small bristles in groups of 1
to 6 bristles; "pocket" present in infold of caudal
process; anterior margin of pocket with 5 or 6
Key to the Species of Philomedes of West Africa
1. Rostrum with prominent hornlike process on each valve P. macandrei
Rostrum without hornlike process 2
2. Outer edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digitations, dorsal margin of mandibular
basale with 5 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 24-25 bristles P. bonneti, new species
Outer edge of caudal process with 4 fairly large teeth, dorsal margin of mandibular basale
with 6 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 34-41 bristles P. letradens, new species
Key to Adult Females of the Species of Philomedes
(Having 6 or more elongate pegs opposite comb of 7th limb)
1. Outer edge of caudal process with minute digitations or teeth 2
Outer edge of caudal process smooth, without teeth 3
2. Outer edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digitations, dorsal margin of mandibular
basale with 5 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 24-25 bristles P. bonneti, new species
Outer edge of caudal process with 4 fairly large teeth, dorsal margin of mandibular basale
with 6 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 34-41 bristles P. tetradens, new species
3. 7th limb with 10-11 bristles P. UUjeborgii Sars
7th limb with more than 17 bristles 4
4. 2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 2 bristles P. curvata Poulsen
2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 3 bristles P. orbicularis Brady
2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 5 bristles P. subantarctka Kornicker
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 6.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore
Antipa" 288. holotype, complete specimen, length 1.99 mm.
small bristles; outer edge of caudal process with 3
minute bristles; posteroventral infold anterior to
caudal process with 2 or 3 bristles near middle.
Selvage (Figure la; Plates \a,c4, Id, 3): Lamellar
prolongation striate, fringed; anteroventral pro-
longation with additional long hairs with bases on
lateral side.
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 15 individual oval scars (Figure 6).
Size: Holotype, length 1.99 mm, height 1.43 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 7/-/i): 1st joint: medial
hairs and spines. 2nd joint: short spines forming 7
or 8 rows on lateral surface near dorsal margin,
and short row of stouter spines forming single row
on lateral surface near terminal dorsal corner (Fig-
ure 7h); 3 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, 1 lateral),
each with long middle and short distal spines. 3rd
joint: 1 ventral bristle with short marginal spines
and 3 dorsal bristles (2 long with long middle and
short distal spines, 1 short with short marginal
spines). 4th joint: 1 dorsal bristle with long middle
and short distal spines, and 4 ventral bristles (2
long, 1 medium, 1 short), all with long middle and
short distal spines. 5th joint: sensory bristle with
5 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal fila-
ments including stem. 6th joint: medial bristle
about two-thirds length of a-bristle, with long mid-
dle and short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle with
long middle and short distal spines; b-bristle about
twice length of a-bristle, with 1 short proximal fila-
ment and 3 short terminal filaments; c-bristle about
same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with
3-5 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal
filaments including tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles
bare, about same length as c-bristle; f-bristle about
same length as c-bristle, with 4 short proximal fila-
ments and 4 short terminal filaments including
stem; g-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with
3 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal
filaments including stem.
Second Antenna (Figure li): Protopodite bare.
Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 5 short, bare,
proximal bristles, and 1 short distal bristle with
few short hairs; 2nd joint with 1 recurved bare
terminal bristle and 3 ventral bristles (proximal of
these long, with long middle and short distal spines;
middle bristle short with short marginal spines;
distal bristle with few long middle spines and
short distal spines). Exopodite: 1st joint with short
medial spine; joints 2-8 with short spines forming
row near terminal margin and short basal spines in-
creasing in length on distal joints; basal spine on
joint 8 one-half to three-fourths length of ventral
margin of 9th joint; bristle of joint 2 reaching well
past 9th joint and with 2 minute ventral spines
near middle of bristle; bristles of joints 3-5 bare,
slightly longer than bristle of 2nd joint; bristles of
joints 6-8 and 4 long bristles of 9th joint broken,
with natatory hairs near tip of stump; 9th joint
with 2 unbroken, short, dorsal bristles with long
middle and short distal hairs, and 1 unbroken, very
short bare dorsal bristle; 9th joint without lateral
spine.
Mandible (Figure If): Coxale endite bifurcate,
spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale: me-
dial side with 6 proximal bristles near ventral mar-
gin (3 unringed, pectinate, 3 ringed, with long mid-
dle and short distal spines); lateral side with 5
bristles forming row near ventral margin, each with
long middle and short distal spines; ventral margin
with 3 distal bristles with long middle and short
distal spines; dorsal margin with 3 bristles in addi-
tion to 2 terminal bristles, all with long middle
spines, some with very short distal spines or with-
out distal spines. Exopodite and endopodite similar
to those of Philomedes lilljeborgii (Sars, 1865) (see
Skogsberg, 1920: fig. 11).
Maxilla (Figure Sa-c): Similar to that of P. lillje-
borgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:408). Distal margin of
basale with 4 bristles of which 2 form pair near
anterior corner.
NUMBER 241 11
FIGURE 7.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, length
1.99 mm: a, incisur and part of rostrum of left valve, medial view, anterior to right; b, caudal
process of left valve, lateral view; c, part of caudal process of left valve, medial view; d,
caudal process of left valve, medial view; e, hairs on outside surface of valve; /, right 1st antenna,
lateral view; g, tip of 1st antenna shown in /; h, anterodorsal corner of 2nd joint of right 1st
antenna, lateral view; i, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, coxale, basale, and
exopodite of left mandible, medial view.
Fifth Limb: Similar to that of Philomedes glo-
bosa (Liljeborg, 1853) [ = Philomedes brenda (Baird,
1850), Sylvester-Bradley, 1950] (see Skogsberg, 1920:
388) and P. lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:407,
fig. 12).
Sixth Limb (Figure 8d): Similar to that of P.
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
globosa (see Skogsberg, 1920:390); limbs of holo-
type with 24 or 25 bristles on end joint.
Seventh Limb (Figure Se): Similar to that of P.
lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:407, 408, figs. 13,
14), except with only 4 proximal bristles, 2 on each
side.
Furca: Similar to that of P. lilljeborgii (see Skogs-
berg, 1920:409, fig. 15).
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1-jointed with
rounded tip (Figure 8/).
Eyes: Medial eye bare, eye of holotype without
black pigment (Figure 8/); lateral eye weak, diffi-
\
FIGURE 8.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype: a, endites
of maxilla; b, left maxilla, lateral view, (terminal endite bristles, the 3 bristles of exopodite,
and bristles of 2nd endopodite joint not shown); c, sketch of distal part maxilla; d, left 6th
limb, medial view; e, 7th limb: /, anterior of body showing right lateral eye, medial eye
and rodshaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; g, posterior of body showing Y-sclerite,
right genital organ, and anal track and opening.
NUMBER 241 13
cult to see, with numerous minute oval bodies
(cells?) (Figure 8/).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped, hirsute, with several
anterior processes (Figure 8/).
Anterior and Posterior of Body: Rounded knob
present between medial eye and upper lip (Figure
8/). Posterior of body just dorsal to furca hirsute.
Y-Sclerite: Normal for genus (Figure 8g).
Genitalia: Small oval structure anterior to anus
(Figure 8g).
Eggs: Holotype with 8 eggs in marsupium.
DESCRIPTION OF MALE (Figures 9, 10; Plate 4).?
Carapace slightly longer than that of female but
not as high (Figure 9); incisur more open than that
of female; protuberances on posterior corner of
rostrum and along anteroventral margin absent.
Ornamentation: Similar to that of female cara-
pace except with more long bristles with broad
bases present near posterior of each valve.
Infold: Similar to that of female.
Size: Allotype, length 2.15 mm, height 1.16 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 10a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: spines forming rows near distal dorsal and
ventral margins and near terminal margin of
medial surface; lateral surface with long hairs
forming rows distally; 3 bristles (1 ventral with long
middle and short distal spines; 1 dorsal and 1 me-
dial, both with only short marginal spines). 3rd
joint: short spines forming rows on medial surface
and 4 bristles (3 dorsal, 1 very short, with short mar-
ginal spines, 2 longer with long middle and short
distal spines; and 1 ventral with long middle and
short distal spines, the base of this bristle actually
on medial side of terminal margin). 4th joint: 5
FICURF. 9.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, male, ''Grigore
Antipa" 289. allotype, complete specimen, length 2.15 mm.
bristles (1 dorsal with long middle and short distal
spines, and 4 ventral bristles with bases on medial
surface; outer and inner bristles shorter than mid-
dle bristles and with long middle and short distal
spines; long middle bristles with only short mar-
ginal spines). 5th joint: minute, triangular; sensory
bristle with abundant filaments along broad proxi-
mal part and 5 terminal filaments. 6th joint: medial
bristle with base near dorsal margin and with long
middle and short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle
about same length as bristle of 6th joint, with
short marginal spines; b-bristle less than twice
length of a-bristle, with 3 marginal and 4 terminal
filaments including stem; c-bristle extremely long,
with 12 or 13 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and
e-bristles bare with blunt tips; d-bristle about 3
times length of a-bristle; e-bristle about 4 times
length of a-bristle; f-bristle same length as c-bristle,
with 12 marginal filaments; g-bristle slightly longer
than b-bristle, with 3 marginal and 5 terminal fila-
ments including stem.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
3-jointed (Figure l0b,c): 1st joint with 5 short, bare,
proximal bristles and 1 short spinous distal bristle;
2nd joint elongate with 3 spinous bristles at mid-
dle of ventral margin; 3rd joint elongate, reflexed
on 2nd, with 2 small subterminal bristles and tip
with about 5 toothed ridges. Exopodite: 1st joint
with short medial spine; 2nd joint with spines
forming row along distal margin and bare ventral
bristle reaching 5th joint; 3rd joint longer than
2nd, with spines forming row along distal margin;
bristles of joints 3-8 and long bristles of 9th joint
with natatory hairs; joints 3-8 with basal spines
increasing in length on distal joints; basal spine
on joint 8 about one-half length of joint 9; joint 9
and its bristles obscure on appendage examined.
Mandible (Figure \0d,e): Coxale endite small,
bifurcate, with minute bristle near base (Figure
lOd). Basale: medial side with 5 proximal bristles
(3 non-annulate, 2 annulate), all with slender mar-
ginal spines (not pectinate); medial side near mid-
dle with 1 slender bristle with long middle and
short distal spines; lateral side with 4 bristles
forming row almost on ventral margin, all with
long middle and short distal spines; ventral margin
with 2 distal bristles with long middle and short
distal spines; dorsal margin with 3 bristles in addi-
tion to 2 terminal bristles, all with long middle
spines, lateral bristle of terminal pair about same
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
length as exopodite; medial surface of basale
spinous. Exopodite similar to that of female except
both bristles with only short marginal spines. Endo-
podite similar to that of female, except proximal
FIGURE 10.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, adult male, "Grigore Antipa" 289, allotype: a,
left 1st antenna, medial view; b, c, proximal and distal parts of endopodite of right 2nd
antenna, medial view; d, coxale endite of left mandible; e, distal part of right mandible, medial
view; /, exopodial bristles of 5th limb; g, right lateral eye, medial eye and proximal part of
rod-shaped organ; h, anterior part of upper lip and anterior process; i, copulatory appendages.
NUMBER 241 15
group of bristles on dorsal margin of 2nd joint with
only 4 bristles, and bristles in distal group with
only short marginal spines.
Maxilla: Appendage slightly smaller than that
of female; distribution of bristles also similar except
that most are hirsute.
Fifth Limb (Figure 10/): Similar to that of
Philomedes globosa (Liljeborg, 1853) described by
Skogsberg (1920:391, fig. 15).
Sixth Limb: Endite I with 1 medial and 2 ter-
minal bristles; endite II with 1 medial and 3
terminal bristles; endites III and IV with 1 medial
and 8 terminal bristles; end joint with 18 bristles;
3 hirsute epipodial bristles present; most bristles on
appendage with long hairs either proximal or all
along margin except near tip.
Seventh Limb, Rod-shaped Organ, Upper Lip
(Figure lOh), Anterior, Posterior, Y-Sclerite: Simi-
lar to that of female.
Furca: Similar to that of female except with
only 9 claws.
Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of female (Fig-
ure 10g); lateral eye larger than medial eye, with
about 29 ommatidia (Figure lOg).
Heart: Well-developed, tapering slightly towards
posterior.
Copulatory Organ: Elongate with 2 or 3 lobes at
tip (Figure lOi).
COMPARISONS.?The female of the new species,
P. bonneti, closely resembles the female of Philo-
medes lilljeborgii (Sars, 1865) described by Skogs-
berg (1920:402), but differs from that species as
follows: posterior edge of caudal process with
minute digitations; dorsal margin of mandibular
basale with 5 instead of 6 or 7 bristles; 7th limb
with 9 instead of 10 or 11 bristles.
Philomedes tetradens, new species
FIGURES 11-13; PLATE 5
HOLOTYPE.?USNM 150289, 1 adult female,
length 2.16 mm; in alcohol and on slides.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Station X043.
ETYMOLOGY.?The specific name is from the
Latin tetra (four) and dens (tooth), in reference to
the 4 teeth on the margin of the caudal process of
the carapace.
PARATYPES.?"Grigore Antipa" 297, 1 juvenile
female from station X043; USNM 156598. 1 adult
female from station X043; USNM 156600, 1 adult
female from station X070.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 11, 12a,6,
d-h. 13; Plate 5).?Carapace not calcified, with
slightly convex dorsal margin, evenly rounded anter-
odorsal and posterodorsal corners, rounded ante-
rior and posterior margins except for small caudal
process (Figures 11, \2a,b,d,e; Plate 5a,b); ventral
margin convex with small swelling near anterior
end; distal margin of rostrum straight with pro-
tuberance on posterior corner (Figure I2a,d; Plate
5a,b); incisur broad with rounded inner end (Fig-
ures 11, I2d); distal end of caudal process with 4 or
5 teeth, upper tooth medial to valve edge.
Ornamentation: Surface smooth with widely scat-
tered bristles with broad basal parts and shorter
bristles without broad bases (Plate ba-c); slender
bristles form row along ventral margin and caudal
process.
Infold: Broad along anterior and ventral margins
and narrow along posterior margin dorsal to caudal
process; infold on rostrum with 23 bristles, mostly
spinous with bifurcate tip (Figure 12d); 1 small
bristle present on infold posterior to inner end of
incisur; anteroventral part of infold with about 11
striae and 13-15 short bristles; infold along ventral
margin bare; list paralleling inner margin of
posteroventral and posterior infold with about 67
minute bristles in groups of 1 to 6 bristles (Figure
\2b,e; Plate 5d); "pocket" present in infold of cau-
dal process; anterior margin of pocket with 6-8
small bristles (Figure \2b,e); outer edge of caudal
process with 5 short bristles (Figure
FIGURE 11.?Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM
156598, paratype, complete specimen, length 2.20 mm.
16
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 12.?Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM 156600, paratype, length about
2.2 mm: a, rostrum of right valve showing lateral process and lamellar prolongation of
selvage, medial view; b, caudal process of right valve, medial view. A-l female instar, "Grigore
Antipa" 297, paratype: c, tip of caudal process of right valve, lateral view. Female, USNM
150289, holotype: d, incisur and part of rostrum of left valve, medial view; e, caudal process
of left valve, medial view; /, left 1st antenna, medial view; g, endopodite of right 2nd antenna,
medial view; h, right mandible, medial view.
NUMBER 241 17
Selvage: Lamellar prolongation striate, fringed
(Figures 11, \2.a,d; Plate 5a).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 15 individual oval scars, and 3 elongate scars
that may consist of 3 or 4 fused oval scars (Figure
11).
Size: USNM 150289, length 2.16 mm, height 1.46
mm; USNM 156598 length 2.20 mm, height 1.49
mm; USNM 156600, valve torn, length about
2.2 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 12/): 1st joint: cluster of
lateral spines in distodorsal corner. 2nd joint: long
spines forming 7 rows along dorsal margin, a single
row proximally on medial surface, and a single
row on lateral surface in distodorsal corner; 3
bristles (1 dorsal, bare or with short marginal
spines, 1 ventral and 1 lateral, each with long
spines near middle). 3rd joint: 4 bristles (1 ventral,
3 dorsal). 4th joint: 5 bristles (1 dorsal, 4 ventral).
5th joint: sensory bristle with 5 short marginal
filaments and 4 short terminal filaments including
tip. 6th joint: medial bristle about two-thirds
length of a-bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle with long
middle and short distal spines; b-bristle longer than
a-bristle, with 0 or 1 marginal filaments and 3 or 4
short terminal filaments including stem; c-bristle
about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,
with 3-5 marginal filaments and 5 terminal fila-
ments including stem. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles
bare, about same length as c-bristle; f-bristle about
same length as c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments
and 4?5 terminal filaments including stem; g-bristle
about same length as c-bristle, with 3 marginal
filaments and 5 terminal filaments including stem.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
2-jointed (Figure 12g): 1st joint with 5 short, bare,
proximal bristles, and 1 short distal bristle with
few short hairs; 2nd joint with 1 recurved bare
terminal bristle and 4 ventral bristles (proximal
of these long, with long middle and short distal
spines; remaining bristles short with short marginal
spines). Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial
spine; joints 2-8 with short spines forming row
near terminal margin and short basal spines
increasing in length on distal joints; basal spine
on joint 8 one-half to three-fourths length of ven-
tral margin of 9th joint; bristle of joint 2 reaching
well past 9th joint and with 2 minute ventral spines
near middle of bristle; bristles of joints 3-5 bare,
slightly longer than bristle of 2nd joint; bristles of
joints 6-8 and 4 long bristles of 9th joint with
natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 short, dorsal
bristles with long middle and short distal hairs, and
1 very short bare dorsal bristle; 9th joint without
lateral spine. No natatory bristles broken on adult
females USNM 150289 and 156598.
Mandible (Figure I2h): Coxale endite bifurcate,
spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale:
medial side with 6 proximal bristles near ventral
margin (3 unringed, pectinate; 3 ringed, with long
middle and short distal spines); lateral side with 5
bristles near ventral margin (proximal 1 or 2 of
these have bases on ventral margin); distal ventral
margin with 2 bristles, all with long middle and
short distal spines; dorsal margin with 4 bristles
in addition to 2 terminal bristles; medial surface
with long hairs forming rows on ventral half.
Exopodite hirsute with 2 subterminal bristles (prox-
imal bristle longer than distal bristle, with long
middle spines and short distal spines; distal bristle
with few long middle spines). Endopodite: 1st joint
with 4 ventral bristles and few short spines along
dorsal margin; 2nd joint with 2 groups of 6 bristles
each on dorsal margin and 2 groups of 3 distal
bristles each on ventral margin (1 of the bristles
considered here to be in anterior group actually
between the groups), medial surface of 2nd joint
spinous; end joint with 3 claws and 3 bristles.
Maxilla (Figure 13a): Precoxale with epipodial
fringe along dorsal margin. Coxale with stout
plumose dorsal bristle. Endite I with 10 bristles;
endite II with about 5 bristles; endite III with
about 10 bristles. Basale: ventral margin with 2
long bristles (1 medial, 1 lateral), medial side with
3 short slender bristles near dorsal margin. Exopo-
dite: 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short). Endopodite: 1st
joint spinous, with 1 spinous a-bristle and 4 /?-
bristles, some with short marginal spines; end joint
with 3 pectinate clawlike bristles in addition to
about 8 slender ringed bristles.
Fifth Limb (Figure 136): Epipodial appendage
with 56 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with 1 short
stout spinous bristle in outer distal corner, anterior
bristles obscure on limb examined, main tooth
with 3 pectinate teeth and proximal bare peg,
anterior part of distal tooth with 2 large prongs,
spinous bristle present proximal to peg: 2nd joint
with large squarish tooth with 2 digitate teeth on
inner margin, posterior side with proximal bristle
(bristle not reaching tip of middle of 3 distal bris-
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
ties), and usual group of 3 distal bristles (middle
bristle much longer than bristle on each side); 3rd
joint with 2 bristles on outer lobe and 3 on inner
lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with 6 spinous
bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 13c): Epipodial appendage
consisting of 4 or 5 hirsute bristles; endite I with
2 medial and 1 terminal bristle; endite II with 1
medial and 3 terminal bristles; endites III and IV
with 1 medial and 8 terminal bristles; end joint
with 34-41 bristles.
Seventh Limb (Figure 13d): Proximal group with
4 bristles (2 on each side); terminal group with 5
bristles (2 on comb side, 3 on peg side); each bristle
with up to 7 bells and distal marginal spines;
terminus with comb of about 12 teeth opposite 6 or
7 pegs.
Furca: Each lamella with 10 claws similar to furca
\
FICURE IS.?Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM 150289, holotype: a, right maxilla,
medial view; b, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view: c, left 6th limb, medial view; d, 7th limb.
NUMBER 241 19
of P. lilljeboigii (see Skogsberg, 1920:409, fig. 15).
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1- or 2-jointed with
rounded tip.
Eyes: Medial eye bare; lateral eye not observed.
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped, hirsute, with anterior
processes.
Anterior and Posterior of Body: Rounded knob
present between medial eye and upper lip. Posterior
of body just dorsal to furca hirsute.
Y-Sclerite: Typical for genus.
Genitalia: Small oval structure anterior to anus.
DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE.?Carapace similar
to that of adult female, except edge of caudal
process with 5 teeth (Figure 12c).
Size: "Grigore Antipa" 297, length 1.88 mm,
height 1.22 mm.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail but in
general similar to that of adult female.
Second Antenna: 2nd endopodial joint with 1
long and 2 short ventral bristles and 1 recurved
terminal bristle; bristles of exopodite short, bare;
remaining part of limb not examined in detail.
Mandible: Dorsal margin of basale with 5 bris-
tles, remaining part of limb not examined in detail
but in general similar to those of adult female.
Fifth and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail but
in general similar to those of adult female.
Seventh Limb: Each limb with 4 proximal and 5
distal bristles; each bristle tapering distally (a juve-
nile character); terminus not examined in detail
but in general similar to that of adult female.
Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws, otherwise
similar to lamellae of adult female.
Rod-shaped Organ, Eyes, Upper Lip, Anterior
and Posterior of Body: Not examined in detail, but
similar in general to those of adult female.
COMPARISONS.?The new species P. tetradens dif-
fers from P. bonneti in having 4 or 5 teeth on the
outer edge of the caudal process rather than the
more numerous (6-10) much smaller digitations on
the edge of the caudal process of P. bonneti. The
protuberance on the posterior corner of the rostrum
on the carapace of P. tetradens is much longer than
that of P. bonneti. The dorsal margin of the basale
of the mandible of P. tetradens bears 6 bristles
compared to 5 on P. bonneti. The end joint of the
6th limb of P. tetradens bears more bristles than
that of P. bonneti. Comparisons of some characters
of adult females of P. tetradens, P. bonneti, and
P. lilljeborgii are as follows:
tetradens
Carapace length
of female
(mm) 2.16-2.20
Edge of caudal
process 4-5 teeth
Protuberance on
posterior margin
of rostrum
Number of bristles
on 2nd joint of
endopodite of
2nd antenna
Number of bristles
on dorsal margin
of basale of
mandible
Number of bristles
on end joint
of 6th limb
Number of bristles
on 7th limb
large
bonneti
1.99
6-10 minute
digitations
small
4(always?)
lilljeborgii
2.15-2.6
smooth
small
34-41 24-25
6-7
28-33
10-11
Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962
Three species of Euphilomedes were collected:
E. asper (Miiller, 1894), E. sinister pentathrix, new
subspecies, and E. schornikovi, new species. A sup-
plementary description is also given of E. sinister
sinister based on specimens collected in Plymouth
Sound, England, by Dr. Eric Robinson. The other
species of Euphilomedes previously collected off
Key to the Species and Subspecies of Euphilomedes of West Africa
1. Left valve with posterodorsal spine E. sinister pentathrix, new subspecies
Left valve without posterodorsal spine 2
2. Each lamella of furca with 6 claws E. schornikovi, new species
Each lamella with 10 or 11 claws 3
3. Posterior margin rounded E. africanus
Posterior margin truncate 4
4. Furcal claw 6 a primary claw E. kornickeri
Furcal claw 6 a secondary claw E. asper
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
west Africa are: E. africanus Klie, 1940, and E.
kornickeri Hartmann, 1974.
DISTRIBUTION.?This genus is widely distributed
between the latitudes 63?N and 46?S, mostly in-
habiting shallow water. Males are often collected
in plankton. Species in the present collection were
from Spanish Sahara and Mauritania at depths of
52-260 m.
Euphilomedes asper (Miiller, 1894)
FIGURES 14-16; PLATE 6
Philomedes aspera Miiller, 1894:210, pi. 3: figs. S. 17. 21. pi.
8: fig. 1; 1912:26. 27 [key, diagnosis].
Philomedes foveolata.?Brady and Norman, 1896:659, pi. 56:
figs. 4. 5 [not Miiller. 1894].
Ph. (Ph.) aspera (Miiller).?Skogsberg, 1920:351.
Euphilomedes aspera (Miiller).?Poulsen, 1962:362, 363 [key].
Euphilomedes asper (Miiller).?Kornicker, 1967:18, figs. 9, 10,
lla-d, 12 [supplementary description]; 1974:14, fig. 5 [sup-
plementary description].
LECTOTYPE.?Adult male in the Zoological Mu-
seum of Berlin (ZMB 9152: 1).
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Gulf of Naples, Italy.
MATERIAL.?USNM 154193, 1 female from
Thalassa station X042; USNM 156632, 1 female
from Thalassa station X041.
SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Adult
or A-l instar).?Carapace with broad rostrum and
incisur and truncate posterior (Figures 14, 15a;
Plate 6a-c).
Ornamentation: Surface with shallow round
fossae and sparsely distributed long hairs (Plate 6).
Infold: Rostral infold with 9 long bristles
forming row parallel to valve edge; small bristle
present on infold just behind and below incisur;
anteroventral infold with 7 bristles along list; list
FICURE 14.?Euphilomedes asper (Miiller). female, USNM
154193, complete specimen, length 1.30 mm.
along posterior half of ventral infold and on pos-
terior infold with about 30 short bristles; infold of
caudal process posterior to list with 3 short bristles.
Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with fringed
margin present along anterior, anterodorsal, and
ventral margins; prolongation divided at inner
end of incisur (Figure 14; Plate 66).
Size: USNM 156632, length 1.44 mm, height 0.90
mm; USNM 154193, length 1.30 mm, height 0.77
mm.
First Antenna (Figure \5d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: lateral and medial spines and 3 bristles (1
dorsal, 1 ventral, 1 lateral). 3rd joint: short with
few short lateral and medial spines and 3 bristles
(2 dorsal, 1 ventral with base on medial side). 4th
joint: 6 bristles (2 dorsal and subterminal, 4 ventral
and terminal). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 6
short proximal filaments and 3 distal filaments
(excluding stem with bifurcate tip), 1 long and 2
short; medial bristle with few long proximal spines.
7th joint: a-bristle longer than bristle of 6th joint,
with short marginal spines; b-bristle almost twice
length of a-bristle, with 4 short marginal filaments
excluding stem with bifurcate tip; c-bristle same
length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 short
proximal filaments and 3 distal filaments (1 long,
2 short, excluding stem with bifurcate tip). 8th
joint: d- and e-bristles bare, only slightly longer
than b-bristle; f- and g-bristles similar to c-bristle
but with only 3 short proximal filaments.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
2-jointed (Figure 15e): 1st joint with 6 short bare
bristles; 2nd joint longer than 1st with 1 long ven-
tral midbristle with long proximal and short distal
bristles, and 1 shorter bare terminal bristle.
Exopodite: 1st joint with minute medial bristle on
iistal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past
)th joint, with short slender proximal marginal
.pines; bristles of joints 2-8 with spines similar to
iiose on bristle of 2nd joint; 9th joint with 7
bristles (2 long with proximal ventral spines and
dso some spines along dorsal margin, 1 medium
bristle with proximal, ventral, and dorsal spines, 4
ihorter bristles, dorsal on joint, bare or with ventral
spines); all exopodite bristles without natatory
lairs; joints 2-8 with spines forming row along
iistal margin and small basal spines.
Mandible (Figure 15/): Coxale endite spinous,
bifurcate, with minute bristle near base. Basale:
medial surface spinous, with 5 proximal bristles
NUMBER 241
(2 pectinate, 3 spinous), and 2 longer spinous bris-
tles with bases almost on ventral margin; ventral
21
margin with 5 spinous bristles; dorsal margin with
1 bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal bristles.
FIGURE 15.?Euphilomedes asper (Miiller), female, USNM 156632, length 1.44 mm: a, outline
of whole specimen; b, anterior of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior
process and upper lip; c, left lateral eye. Female, USNM 154193, length 1.30 mm: d, left 1st
antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, left mandible,
medial view.
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Exopodite hirsute, reaching just past middle of 1st
endopodite joint, with 2 subterminal bristles.
Endopodite: 1st joint with medial spines and 4
ventral bristles (1 short, 3 long); 2nd joint with
proximal medial spines, 4 bristles on ventral margin
forming 2 distal groups (proximal group with 1
bristle, distal group with 3), dorsal margin with 8
bristles (5 long, 3 short); end joint with 3 claws and
4 bristles.
Maxilla: Precoxale and coxale with fringe of
hairs along dorsal margins; coxale with spinous
dorsal bristle. Endite I with 11 or 12 bristles;
endite II with 7 bristles; endite III with 7 distal
bristles and 1 proximal lateral bristle. Basale with
3 bristles on distal margin (1 dorsal, 2 ventral).
Exopodite forming short lobe with 3 bristles (2
long, 1 short). Endopodite: 1st joint with hairs
along dorsal margin, 1 spinous a-bristle and 3
/J-bristles; end joint with about 4 a-bristles, 2
b-bristles (outer bristle slender spinous, inner bristle
clawlike with stout spines along both margins), 2
slender c-bristles, and 3 d-bristles (inner bristles
FIGURE \6.?Euphilomedes caper (Miiller), female, USNM 154193: a, tip of right 5th limb,
anterior view; b, tip of left 5th limb, anterior view; c, left 6th limb, medial view; d, 7th limb;
e, right lamella of furca and right genital organ; f, anterior of body showing medial eye and
rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip, and 3 protistans attached to medial eye; g,
right and left lateral eyes; h, left view of body near furca showing sclerite system, brushlike
organ and left genital organ; i, protistan attached to protopodite of 2nd antenna.
NUMBER 24 23
slender with marginal spines, outer 2 bristles daw-
hke with stout spines along both margins).
Fifth Limb (Figure 16a,6): Epipodial appendage
with 49 bristles. Endite I with 6 spinous bristles;
endite II with 9 spinous bristles; endite III with
about 10 spinous or pectinate bristles. Exopodite:
1st joint with main tooth with 4 constituent pec-
tinate teeth followed by Short stout bristle, tri-
angular tooth in front of main tooth not reaching
past main tooth, with smaller tooth near inner
proximal end, anterior side of joint with 2 spinous
bristles near middle of distal margin, outer end
with small lobe with 1 small bristle; 2nd joint with
large squarish tooth with 2 or 3 small teeth along
inner margin, 1 minute bristle on posterior side of
outer corner, long posterior c-bristle and 3 posterior
d-bristles; 3rd joint with 3 spinous bristles on inner
lobe and 2 spinous bristles on outer lobe; 4th and
5th joints fused, with total of 7 spinous bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 16c): Endite I with 3 spinous
bristles (1 long, 2 short); endite II with 1 proximal
and 3 terminal spinous bristles; endites III and IV
each with 1 proximal and 7 terminal spinous bris-
tles; end joint hirsute, with 15 bristles (6 of poster-
ior 7 bristles hirsute, other bristles of end joint with
long proximal and short distal spines); 3 hirsute
bristles present in place of epipodial appendage.
Seventh Limb (Figure 16d): Proximal group with
4 bristles (2 on each side); distal group with 6
bristles (3 on each side); bristles with 2-6 bells and
distal marginal spines; terminus with comb of 10 or
11 teeth opposing 2 pegs.
Furca (Figure 16e): Each lamella with 10 claws:
claws 1, 2, 4 primary, remaining claws secondary;
claw 3 about same length as claw 5; claw 1 with
teeth along posterior lateral margin and larger
medial teeth; claws 2-5 (and possibly others) with
teeth along posterior margins; lamella at base of
claws and following claws hirsute.
Rod-shaped Organ (Figures 15 b, 16/): Elongate
with 1 suture in middle and pointed tip.
Eyes: Medial eye pigmented, bare (Figures 156,
16/); lateral eye smaller than medial eye, with 3 or 4
ommatidia (Figures 15c, 16g).
Upper Lip (Figures 156, 16/): Projecting anteri-
orly with small processes at tip, hirsute.
Genitalia and Brushlike Organ: Genitalia repre-
sented by yellowish opaque ovoid mass (Figure
\6e,h); brushlike organ consisting of about 7 minute
bristles on each side of specimen near genitalia
(Figure I6h).
Epizoa: Stemmed protozoans with ball-like tips
present on medial eye and protopodite of right 2nd
antenna (Figure 16/,i). Slender segmented filaments
also present on some appendages.
MATURITY OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTION.?One of
the specimens contained a single egg wedged be-
tween the ventral margins of the valves of the cara-
pace. It was not possible to determine whether the
egg belonged to the specimen or had been washed
in from outside. Genitalia were present on the
specimen indicating it to be an adult female; how-
ever, none of the bristles of the exopodite of the
2nd antenna were long or bore natatory hairs like
those usually found on adult females. For these
reasons, the maturity of the specimen is in doubt.
The second specimen in the collections is also
without natatory bristles on the 2nd antenna. Prior
collections reported upon by Miiller (1894:210),
Brady and Norman (1896:659), and Kornicker
(1974:14) did not contain adult females.
Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974
A new subspecies Euphilomedes sinister penta-
thrix is proposed herein because it has 4 ventral
bristles on the 2nd joint of the female 2nd antenna
compared to only 1 on specimens from the Gulf of
Naples and Plymouth Sound. To test the hypothesis
that the west African and European populations
comprise two subspecies, it will be necessary to
examine the variability in the number of bristles
on the 2nd joint of the female 2nd antenna when
more specimens become available for study. The
specimens of Brady, 1868, Brady and Norman, 1896,
Fage, 1934, and Caraion, 1959, have been retained
in the synonomy of E. sinister sinister because they
were collected in the vicinity of Europe, although
Key to the Subspecies of Euphilomedes sinister
Second endopodial joint of 2nd antenna of adult female with 4 ventral bristles
E. 5. pentathrix
Second endopodial joint with 1 ventral bristle E. i. sinister
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
the number of bristles on the 2nd joint of the
endopodite of the female 2nd antenna of those
specimens is unknown. It will be necessary to
reexamine the specimens in order to verify the
subspecies to which they belong.
Euphilomedes sinister sinister Kornicker, 1974,
new status
Philomedes longicornis.?Norman, 1861:280 [part] [not
Liljeborg, 1853:176].
Philomedes interpuncta.?Brady, 1868:463, pi. 33: figs. 10-13,
pi. 41: fig. 3; 1871:293, pi. 26: figs. 1-5; 1872:60, pi. 1: fig.
5.?Miiller, 1894:210, pi. 3: figs. 5-14, 16, 19, 20, 23-28,
32, 37^*4 ? Brady and Norman, 1896:656, pi. 56: figs. 6-10,
pi. 57.?Fage, 1934:249, figs. 1-2.?Caraion, 1959:266, fig. 1.
[Not Baird, 1850:257.]
Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974:17, figs. 6, 7.
HOLOTYPE.?A female without eggs, Zoological
Station of Naples, length 1.24 mm.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Benta Palumma, station B27,
90 m, Gulf of Naples, Italy.
MATERIAL.?USNM 151189a,b, 2 adult females
collected at a depth of 5.5 m in June 1974 in
Plymouth Sound, England, by Dr. Eric Robinson.
These were examined for comparative purposes.
SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FE-
MALE.?Carapace larger than the holotype: USNM
151189a, length 1.37 mm, height 0.93 mm;
USNM 151189b (dry measurement), length 1.45
mm, height 0.95 mm.
Endopodite of 2nd Antenna: Same as that de-
scribed by Kornicker (1974:19; fig. 6i).
REMARKS.?Kornicker (1974:17) did not include
specimens identified by Norman (1861:280, pi. 14:
fig. 11) from Plymouth Sound in the synonomy of
E. sinister. Because Robinson's collection shows that
the species is present in Plymouth Sound, it is prob-
able that some of Norman's specimens belong to
this species. The specimen illustrated by Norman
(1861, pi. 14, fig. 11) has a spine on the right valve
and therefore has not been included in the above
synonomy.
Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies
FIGURES 17, 18; PLATES 7-9
HOLOTYPE.?USNM 152831, ovigerous female, in
alcohol and on slides.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Station AlOb, Cornide de Saa-
vedra.
ETYMOLOGY.?The specific name, from the Greek
penta (five) and thrix (hair), refers to the number
of bristles on the 2nd joint of the endopodite of
the 2nd antenna of the adult female.
PARATYPES.?USNM 152834, 1 adult female from
same sample as holotype; USNM 152832, 1 A-l
male from same sample as holotype.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.?Carapace sim-
ilar in shape to that of E. sinister sinister; posterior
end of left valve with dorsal and ventral spines
(Figure \la,b; Plates laje,f, Sd-f); right valve with-
out spines.
Ornamentation: Surface with polygonal reticu-
lations (Figure 17a; Plates 7-9); inferior tip of
rostrum with stout protuberance (Figure 17a; Plate
la,d); long and short bristles present along mar-
gins and scattered over valve surface (Plates 7a,e,
8b-f, 9).
Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 18-20 bris-
tles; 1 bristle present at inner end of incisur;
anteroventral infold with 9 short bristles; postero-
ventral infold with about 28 bristles along inner
margin, and 4 or 5 small bristles between inner
margin of infold and valve margin (Figure 17b).
Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with mar-
ginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and
posterior margins (Plate 7a); prolongation divided
at inner end of incisur (Plate Id).
Size: USNM 152831, length 1.42 mm, height
0.94 mm; USNM 152834, length 1.40 mm, height
0.93 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 17c): Joints 1 and 2 with
spines on lateral and medial surfaces; joints 3 and
4 may have spines on medial surface (not observed
clearly). 2nd joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, 1
lateral). 3rd joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal).
4th joint: 6 bristles (4 ventral, 2 dorsal). 5th joint:
sensory bristles with 4 or 5 short marginal filaments,
3 longer subproximal filaments, and bifurcate tip.
6th joint: 1 slender medial bristle. 7th joint:
a-bristle about same length as bristle of 6th joint,
with few long marginal spines; b-bristle slightly
shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with short
marginal filaments and bifurcate tip; c-bristle same
length as sensory bristle, with 5 short marginal fila-
ments, 3 longer subterminal filaments, and bifur-
cate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, same
length as sensory bristle; f- and g-bristles same
length as sensory bristle, with 4 short marginal fila-
NUMBER 241 25
FIGURE 17.?Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,
length 1.42 mm: a, whole carapace showing some surface reticulations and outline of egg; b,
posterior end of left valve, medial view; c, left 1st antenna, lateral view; d, endopodite of left
2nd antenna, medial view; e, right mandible, medial view.
ments, 2 longer subterminal filaments, and bifur-
cate tip.
Second Antenna: Protopodite with clusters of
spines on ventral and dorsal margins, and on lat-
eral and medial surfaces (Figure lid); spines along
dorsal margin longer than those along ventral mar-
gin. Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 17d): 1st joint
with 5 proximal and 1 distal bristle; ventral mar-
gin of 2nd joint with 1 long spinous proximal
bristle and 3 shorter spinous bristles distal to mid-
dle; 1 bare bristle about one-half length of 2nd
joint present terminally. Exopodite: 1st joint with
small medial terminal spine; terminal margins of
joints 2-8 with comb of short spines; bristle of 2nd
joint with short slender hairs along middle part of
ventral margin; bristles of joints 3-5 bare; bristles
of joints 6-8 longer than those of joints 2-5, with
natatory hairs; joint 9 with 7 bristles (4 long, 1
medium, and 1 short, all with natatory hairs, 1 very
short with short hairs or bare; the latter 3 bristles
located distodorsally on joint).
Mandible (Figure 17e): Coxale endite with bi-
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
furcate tip, secondary teeth, and cluster of spines.
Basale: medial surface hirsute, with 6 short bristles
in proximal group near ventral margin (2 or 3
stout pectinate, 2 or 3 slender spinous); ventral mar-
gin with 7 spinous bristles; dorsal margin with 1
midbristle and 2 terminal bristles. Exopodite hir-
sute, about three-fourths length of 1st endopodite
joint, with 2 spinous ventral bristles. Endopodite:
1st joint with 4 ventral, terminal bristles (3 long, 1
short); 2nd joint with 2 clusters of distal bristles
on ventral margin (3 in proximal group, 4 in distal
group), dorsal margin with 2 groups of bristles (5
in proximal group, 8 in distal group near middle
of margin); end joint with 3 claws, all with minute
marginal teeth along ventral margin, and 4 bristles;
1st and 2nd endopodite joints with spines forming
FIGURE 18.?Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype:
a, left maxilla, medial view; b, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, tip of left 5th limb,
posterior view; d, left 6th limb, medial view; e, 7th limb; /, anterior of body showing medial
eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip; g, right lamella of furca, lateral view; h, right
Y-sclerite. Female, USNM 152834, paratype: i, right lateral eye?.
NUMBER 241 27
clusters on medial surfaces.
Maxilla (Figure 18a): Precoxale and coxale with
fringe of hairs along anterior (dorsal) margins;
coxale with spinous anterior bristle. Endite I with
9 or 10 bristles; endite II with 8 bristles; endite
III with about 10 bristles. Basale with 3 long distal
bristles. Exopodite with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short).
Endopodite: 1st joint spinous, with 1 a-bristle with
wreath of long marginal spines, and 5 /3-bristles;
end joint with total of about 12 bristles, some pecti-
nate.
Fifth Limb (Figure 186,c): Epipodial appendage
with 44 bristles. Endite I with about 6 bristles, en-
dite II with about 8 bristles; endite III with about
10 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with distal margin
without midbristles, outer distal corner with lobe
bearing spines and 2 short spinous bristles, main
tooth consisting of 4 pectinate teeth followed by
short spinous bristle, tooth in front of main tooth
bilobed; 2nd joint with anterior side with slender
spinous bristle near outer corner, posterior side
with distal group of 3 bristles (2 short, 1 long) and
long proximal bristle, middle of inner margin of
large triangular tooth with minute node; 3rd joint
with 3 bristles on inner lobe and 2 hirsute bristles
on outer lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with total
of 6 bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 18d): Endite I fragmented, 1
short proximal bristle on remaining part; endite II
with 1 proximal and 3 terminal bristles; endites
III and IV with 1 proximal and 7 terminal bristles;
end joint with 20 bristles; 3 hirsute epipodial bris-
tles present.
Seventh Limb (Figure 18e): Proximal group with
6 bristles (3 on each side) and terminal group with
6 bristles (3 on each side), each bristle with 3-5 bells
and distal marginal spines; terminal comb with
about 15 teeth; 2 pegs present opposite comb,
inner of these spinous and about twice as long as
outer peg.
Furca (Figure 18g): Each lamella with 13 claws:
claws 1, 2, 4, 6 primary, remaining claws second-
ary; claw 1 with large tooth in middle of medial
side and teeth along lateral and medial sides of
posterior margin; remaining claws also with teeth
along posterior margin; hairs present at base of
claws and following claws.
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1- or 2-jointed, with
tapering tip (Figure 18/).
Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 18/); lateral eye
minute with 1 ommatidium Figure 18i).
Upper Lip: Rounded, hirsute, with anterior pro-
jection (Figure 18/).
Y-Sclerite: Typical for family (Figure ISh).
Eggs: USNM 152831 with 1 egg in marsupium.
COMPARISONS.?The new subspecies, E. sinister
pentathrix, differs from E. sinister sinister in having
5 instead of 2 bristles on the 2nd joint of the en-
dopodite of the 2nd antenna of the adult female.
Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species
FIGURES 19-22
HOLOTYPE.?USNM 156644, 1 A-l male, on
slides and in alcohol.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Thalassa station X053.
ETYMOLOGY.?The species is named after Profes-
sor E. I. Schornikov, Hydrobiological Laboratory,
Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern
Scientific Center of the Academy of Science, Vladi-
vostok, USSR.
MATERIAL.?"Grigore Antipa" 462, paratype, in-
star III female, from same station as holotype.
DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figures 19?21).?
Carapace with elongate rostrum and projecting
caudal process (Figures 19, 20a,b); valve edge cut-
ting diagonally across outer ventral corner of ros-
trum (Figure 206).
Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae and
scattered short and long bristles (Figure 19).
Infold: Rostral infold with 4-6 bristles (Figure
206); infold just below incisur with 1 short bristle
(Figure 206); anteroventral infold with about 6
ridges but no bristles; ventral infold without bris-
tles; posteroventral infold including caudal process
with 7 bristles near inner margin of infold (Figure
20a); caudal process with "pocket" with 5 spinous
bristles along upper part of inner edge (Figure 20a);
outer edge of caudal process with 3 minute bristles
(Figure 20a).
Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with mar-
ginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and
posterior margins; prolongation divided at inner
end of incisur (Figure 206).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
elongate and oval individual scars (Figures 19, 20c).
Size: USNM 156644, length 0.96 mm, height
0.60 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 20d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: 1 dorsal and 1 ventral bristle, spines on
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 19.?Euphilomedes schornikoiri, new species, A-l male,
USNM 156644, holotype, complete specimen, length 0.96 mm.
medial surface near ventral margin and on lateral
surface near terminal end. 3rd joint: 3 bristles (1
ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: 4 bristles (2 ventral, 2
dorsal), and with few spines on medial surface near
ventral margin; 5th joint: sensory bristle with about
6 short marginal filaments and tip consisting of 4
longer filaments. 6th joint: medial bristle about
same length as 5th joint, with marginal spines. 7th
joint: a-bristle about one-third longer than bristle
of 6th joint; b-bristle slightly longer than twice
length of a-bristle, with 1 short filament near mid-
dle and 3 terminal filaments; c-bristle slightly
longer than b-bristles, with 5 marginal filaments
and 1 short and 3 longer filaments at tip. 8th joint:
d- and e-bristles bare, same length as c-bristle;
f-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with 2 mar-
ginal filaments and 1 short and 3 long terminal
filaments; g-bristle about same length as f-bristle,
with 2 marginal filaments and 4 terminal filaments
(1 short, 3 long).
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
3-jointed (Figure 20e): 1st joint short with 2 minute
bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 3 ventral bristles;
3rd joint elongate with 1 proximal ventral bristle
and 2 short terminal bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint
with minute medial bristle on terminal margin;
joints 2-8 with fairly long distal spines forming
row; joints 3 or 4 to 7 or 8 with small basal spine;
bristles of joints 2-8 short with stout ventral spines;
9th joint with 3 bristles, all short (Figure 20/)
(longer of these ventral and with few stout ventral
spines, remaining 2 with more slender ventral
spines).
Mandible (Figures 20g, 21a): Coxale endite bi-
furcate, without basal bristle. Basale: spinous me-
dial side with 4 short proximal bristles near ventral
margin and 1 at middle of ventral margin; ventral
margin with 1 or 2 distal bristles; lateral side with
2 bristles near ventral margin; dorsal margin with
1 bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal. Exopodite
hirsute, reaching middle of dorsal margin of 1st
endopodite joint, with 2 terminal bristles. Endopo-
dite: 1st joint with ventral bristles (2 long, 1 short);
2nd joint with 4 distal bristles on ventral margin
forming 2 groups, each with 2 bristles; middle of
dorsal margin with 7 bristles forming 2 groups (2
bristles in proximal group, 5 in distal group);
medial side of joint with spines forming row near
proximal group of bristles on dorsal margin; 3rd
joint with 3 bristles and 3 claws (2 long with ventral
spines, and 1 short, dorsal).
Maxilla (Figure 2lb-d): Coxale with spinous
dorsal bristle. Endites I and II each with about 6
bristles: endite III with 1 proximal and 7 terminal
bristles. Basale with 2 long bristles on distal ventral
margin. Exopodite short with 3 bristles (2 long, 1
short). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with
long proximal spines and 2 /3-bristles; end joint with
3 a-bristles with long hairs near middle, 2 b-bristles
(outer bristle with long proximal hairs and short
distal spines, inner bristle clawlike, bare), 2 short
slender c-bristles, and 3 stout d-bristles (Figure
2lc,d).
Fifth Limb (Figure 2le,f): Epipodial appendage
with 42 bristles. 3 endites with numerous bristles.
Exopodite: 1st joint with main tooth obscured on
specimen examined but consisting of about 4 teeth,
distal margin with 2 anterior bristles, posterior
bristles obscure on specimen examined, outer distal
corner with hirsute lobe with spinous bristle; 2nd
joint with large squarish tooth with 2 low nodes
on inner edge; 3rd joint with 2 short hirsute bris-
tles on outer lobe and 3 bristles on inner lobe (2
much longer than bristles on outer lobe); 4th and
5th joints fused, with total of 5 bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 21g): 1 hirsute bristle in
place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 3
bristles; endite II with 3 terminal bristles; endite
III with 7 terminal bristles; endite IV with 5 ter-
minal bristles; end joint not projecting posteriorly,
with 8 marginal bristles (posterior 2 bristles hirsute,
remaining bristles and those of endites with long
proximal hairs and short distal spines); surface of
limb hirsute.
Seventh Limb (Figure 2\h): No proximal bristles;
distal group with 4 tapered bristles, each with 3
bells and distal marginal spines; terminus with
comb of 5 teeth opposing 2 pegs.
NUMBER 241 29
FIGURE 20.?Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species, A-l male, USNM 156644, holotype, length
0.96 mm: a, caudal process of left valve, medial view; b, rostrum and incisur of left valve, medial
view; c, central adductor muscle scars of right valve, lateral view; d, right 1st antenna, medial
view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; / , 9th joint of exopodite of right 2nd
antenna, lateral view; g, left mandible, medial view.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 21.?Euphilomedes schomikovi, new species, A-l male, USNM 156644, holotype: a, right
mandible, medial view; b, right maxilla, lateral view; c, end joint of endopodite of left maxilla,
lateral view; d, end joint of endopodite of right maxilla, lateral view; e, distal end of right 5th
limb; / , distal end of left 5th limb, posterior view; g, 6th limb; h, tip of 7th limb; i, left
lamella of furca and claw 1 of right lamella, and Y-sclerite; ;', anterior of body showing medial
eye and rod-shaped organ and upper lip: k, rod-shaped organ under cover slip, dorsal view.
NUMBER 241 31
Furca (Figure 2It): Each lamella with 6 claws:
claws 1, 2, 4 primary; claws 3, 5, 6 secondary; claw
1 with teeth forming lateral and medial row along
posterior margin with largest tooth medially and
distally; remaining claws with teeth along posterior
margins; hairs present near base of claw 1 and fol-
lowing claw 6.
Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 2lj,k) Elongate, weak
suture present proximal to middle, tip pointed;
part distal to middle with wide and narrow sec-
tions but without sutures.
Eyes: Medial eye not well-defined, bare (Figure
21;); sac with many minute yellow cells in vicinity
where lateral eye generally occurs may be lateral
eye.
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped with anterior process
(FiBrure21jY
Y-Sclerite: Type usually present in family (Figure
Genitalia: Not observed.
DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR III FEMALE (Figure 22).?
Carapace similar in shape and ornamentation to
that of A- l male (Figure 22a). Infold not examined.
Size: "Grigore Antipa" 462, length 0.90 mm,
height 0.45 mm.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail, but simi-
lar to that of A- l male.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
2-jointed (Figure 22b,c): 1st joint with 1 short bris-
tle; 2nd joint elongate with 1 or 2 ventral bristles
(1 long with long proximal and short distal spines,
other bristle when present short), and 1 spinous
terminal bristle. Exopodite: distal margin of 1st
joint with well developed medial bristle, about one-
FIGURE 22.?Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species, instar III female, "Grigore Antipa" 462,
paratype, length 0.90 mm: a, right valve with some of fossae indicated and area of central
adductor muscles scars outlined by dashes: b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view;
c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, distal end of 5th limb, posterior view; e,
7th limb; f, lateral eyes.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
fourth length of 2nd joint; bristles of joints 2 to 8
short, with stout ventral spines; 9th joint with 3
bristles (1 bristle same length as joints 4 to 9 com-
bined, with 4 stout ventral spines; remaining bris-
tles very short with short, slender, marginal spines);
joints 2-8 with spines forming terminal row; small
basal spines on some joints.
Mandible, Maxilla: Not examined in detail but
similar to those of A-l male.
Fifth Limb (Figure 22d): Epipodial appendage
with 36 bristles. 3 narrow endites with total of
about 15 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with main
tooth with 3 teeth bearing small secondary teeth,
short stout pectinate spine proximal to main tooth;
2nd joint with large square tooth, posterior side
with group of 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short and pecti-
nate); 3rd joint with inner lobe with 3 bristles,
outer lobe with 2; 4th and 5th joints fused, with
total of 5 bristles.
Sixth Limb: Not examined in detail but similar
to that of A- l male.
Seventh Limb: Elongate, without bristles or ter-
minal comb (Figure 22e).
Furca, Rod-shaped Organ, Medial Eye: Similar to
those of A- l male.
Lateral Eye: Round sac with about 6 minute
yellowish cells present on each side may be lateral
eyes (Figure 22/).
COMPARISONS:?The new species E. schornikovi
has in common with two other species (Philomedes
paucichelata Kornicker, 1958, and Tetragonodon
rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970) the presence of only 6
claws on the furca with the 3rd claw being smaller
than the 4th. The three species should probably
be referred to a new genus. E. schornikovi differs
from P. paucichelata in having 2 bristles instead of
1 on the 2nd joint of the 1st antenna, and in hav-
ing a long terminal bristle on the 2nd joint of the
endopodite of the female 2nd antenna. (The ter-
minal ends of the endopodites of several specimens
of Philomedes paucichelata from Charlotte Harbor,
Florida, examined by the senior author were either
bare or bore a minute bristle.) E. schornikovi dif-
fers from T. rhabdion in having a well developed
rod-shaped organ and a long terminal bristle on the
2nd joint of the endopodite of the female 2nd an-
tenna. Some species of Pseudophilomedes also have
only 6 furcal claws, but the 2nd exopodial joint
of the female 5th limb of members of that genus is
prolonged, not short as on E. schornikovi.
Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896
One species of Tetragonodon was collected, T.
ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887), which is the type-species
of the genus. The male of the species is described
for the first time. The male of the genus was pre-
viously unknown. Of particular interest is the fact
that the sensory bristle of the male 1st antenna
bears proximal filaments in a cup not unlike that
on the sensory bristle of males in the family Sar-
siellidae.
DISTRIBUTION.?Only three species of the genus
are known. One species lives along the western
coast of Africa and Europe between latitudes
20?41'N and 38?38'N at depths of 636-2995 m; a
second species lives in the Gulf of Mexico at a
depth of 1000-1200 m, and a third lives in the
Peru-Chile Trench at a depth of 991-1015 m. Empty
valves have been collected at shallower depths (7-
152 m) in the Atlantic Ocean off Puerto Rico and
in Colon Harbor, Panama. Specimens of T. cten-
orynchus in the present collection are from off the
northern end of the Islamic Republic of Mauri-
tania at a depth of 1120 m. A possible fourth spe-
cies from the west coast of Morocco, Tetragonodon
erinaceus Brady and Norman, 1896, was correctly
referred by Miiller (1912:51) to "Cypridinidarum
genera dubia et species dubiae."
Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887)
FIGURES 25-29; PLATES 10-14
Bradycinetus Stenorynchus Brady, 1886?: 166 [nomen nudum].
Bradycinetus ctenorynchus Brady, 1887:199.
Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady).?Brady and Norman,
1896:667. pi. 58, figs. 1-8.?Sylvester-Bradley, 1961:400, fig.
322:5.?Kornicker, 1968:450-452 [discussion].
Philomedes ctenorhynchus (Brady).?Muller, 1912:33.
[?]Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Brady).?Bold, 1966:44, pi. 1,
fig. 1.
HOLOTYPE.?Not designated.
SYNTYPE LOCALITY.?West Atlantic between
20?41'N and 38?38'N at depths of 636-2995 m (see
Kornicker, 1968:452, table 1).
MATERIAL.?[USNM 142387], 1 adult female,
USNM 150278, 1 adult female, USNM 150105, 3
adult females, all from Thalassa station X046;
USNM 150102, 1 adult male from Thalassa station
X046; USNM 150103, 9 adult females and juveniles
from Thalassa station X046.
SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures
NUMBER 241 33
23-26; Plates 10-14).?Carapace with straight hinge
but with convex dorsal outline in lateral view (Fig-
ure 23, 24a,b); rostrum beaklike, pointed with lat-
eral fold (Figure 24a,c; Plate llc,d); posterior with
distinct caudal process (Figures 23, 24a; Plate llc,e);
ventral margin of carapace strongly convex; great-
est height of valve in front of middle.
Ornamentation: Surface with shallow punctae
(Figures 23, 24A; Plate lOd); punctae not distinct on
decalcified valves; surface with short and long hairs
(Figure 24d); 2 small bristles at inner end of
incisur (Figure 24c).
Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal
process, narrower elsewhere (Figure 24a); infold
behind rostrum with 4 long spinous bristles forming
row (Figure 24a/:; Plate 12a), infold immediately
ventral to rostrum with 1 small bristle (Figure 24c;
Plate 12c); infold in front of caudal process with
6 flat spinous bristles near top of list and 2 small
bristles ventral to these near inner margin of infold,
the latter 2 bristles with truncate tips (Figure 24a;
Plates llc,e, 12d); anteroventral infold with 5 ridges
paralleling valve margin (Plate 126).
Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation
present along anterior, ventral, and posterior mar-
gin of each valve; prolongation divided at inner
end of incisur (Plate lid).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 40 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars
forming about 7 horizontal rows, the upper 3 or 4
of these being slightly convex and containing more
individual scars than the lower 3 (Figures 23, 24e).
Muscles striate (Plate 12/).
FIGURE 23.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female,
USNM 150278, complete specimen, length 1.69 mm.
Size: [USNM 142387], length 1.89 mm, height
1.00 mm; USNM 150278, length 1.69 mm, height
1.03 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 24/,/): 1st joint: lateral
spines near dorsal margin. 2nd joint: cluster of
spines at middle of dorsal margin and on lateral
side in distodorsal corner, and 1 subterminal dorsal
bristle with long spines near middle and short spines
distally. 3rd joint: short with cluster of spines on
ventral margin, and with 1 ventral bristle with long
mid-spines and short distal spines, and 2 dorsal
bristles with long mid-spines and short distal spines.
4th joint: more than twice length of 3rd joint, with
spines forming clusters along ventral margin, 2 or
3 bristles (1 or 2 ventral, 1 dorsal), all bristles with
long mid-spines and short distal spines. 5th joint:
sensory bristle with 2 short proximal filaments, 1
slightly longer filament near middle, and 4 long
terminal filaments including stem. 6th joint: not
separated from 5th by visible suture, with short
spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle about
one-third longer than bristle of 6th joint, with
short marginal spines; b-bristle slender, more than
twice length of a-bristle, with 1 short proximal and
3 longer terminal filaments including stem; c-bristle
slightly longer than b-bristle, with 3 short proximal
filaments, one short subterminal filament, and 2
long terminal filaments, including stem. 8th joint:
d- and e-bristles slightly longer than c-bristle, bare
with blunt tips; f- and g-bristles with 2 short proxi-
mal filaments, 1 short subterminal filament, and 2
long terminal filaments, including stem.
Second Antenna (Figure 24g-j): Protopodite bare.
Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 24h,i): 1st joint
short with 1 short bristle; 2nd joint elongate with
squarish tip and 1 long terminal bristle with long
proximal and short distal marginal spines. Exopo-
dite: 1st joint elongate, distal margin with short
recurved spine with blunt (open?) tip (Figure 24;);
joints 2 to 7 or 8 with spines along dorsal margins;
bristles on joints 2-9 without spines or natatory
hairs (Figure 24g); 9th joint with 3 bristles (1 short
2 long; long bristles slightly shorter than bristle of
8th joint).
Mandible (Figure 25a): Coxale endite spinous
with strong teeth at tip; dorsal half of coxale with
long hairs on lateral surface. Basale: dorsal margin
with 1 short bristle near middle and 2 subterminal
bristles, outer of these about three-fourths length
of inner bristle; ventral margin with 1 subterminal
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
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o o ? o ?n
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o
NUMBER 241 35
FIGURE 24.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female,
[USNM 142387], length 1.89 mm: a, left valve, medial view;
b, whole specimen showing 2 eggs; c, incisur and rostrum of
right valve, medial view; d, bristles on outer surface of valve;
e, ends of central adductor muscles projecting through left
side of body anterior to left; /, right 1st antenna, medial view;
g, sketch of 2nd antenna, endopodite not shown; h,
endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; i, endopodite
of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, recurved spine on tip
of 1st joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view.
Female, USNM 150278, length 1.69 mm: k, fossae and
bristles on outer surface of left valve anterior to middle.
Female, USNM 105105: /, right 1st antenna, medial view.
bristle; lateral surface spinous, with 3 or 4 bristles
forming row distal to middle of joint (bases of
bristles almost on ventral margin); medial surface
spinous, with 5 short bristles near ventral margin
(4 proximal, 1 near middle). Exopodite with hirsute
tip reaching past middle of dorsal margin of 1st
endopodite joint, with 2 subterminal bristles (inner
of these with long spines near middle and short
spines distally; outer bristle slightly shorter than
inner bristle and with only short marginal spines).
Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous terminal
bristles (2 long, 1 short); 2nd joint with 3 short
ventral bristles (1 subterminal, 2 terminal) and 7
dorsal bristles (2 proximal, 5 near middle); medial
surface of joint with spines forming clusters; end
joint with 2 subequal claws with a few teeth
proximally and near middle of ventral margin, 1
short spinelike bristle at dorsal corner, and 3
bristles.
Maxilla (Figure 25c-/): Precoxale with dorsal
fringe of hair. Coxale with long hirsute anterior
bristle (Figure 25c). 1st endite with 6 spinous
bristles; 2nd endite with about 8 spinous bristles;
3rd endite with about 8 spinous terminal bristles
and 1 short proximal bristle. Basale with 3 bristles
along distal margin (the inner of these on slender
lobe). Exopodite with 1 short and 2 long bristles.
Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 o-bristle and 2 j8-
bristles (Figure 25c/t); 2nd joint with 3 a-, 2 b-,
2 c-, and 3 d-bristles (Figure 2bd-f).
Fifth Limb (Figures 25&,g-i, 26a-c): Epipodial
appendage with 46 bristles. 1st endite with 2 bristles;
2nd and 3rd endites with about 6 bristles. Exopo-
dite: 1st joint with main tooth consisting of 4
constituent teeth (proximal of these peglike, remain-
ing teeth with marginal teeth) (Figure 25&Jg,t), 1
short stout, spinous bristle present proximal to peg-
like tooth, anterior side with 2 slender bristles near
middle of distal margin and 1 short slender bristle
on outer corner (Figure 25h); 2nd joint consisting
of large squarish tooth, posterior side with group of
3 bristles (1 long, 2 short) and proximally to them,
1 stout bristle; 3rd joint with 2 bristles on outer
lobe and 3 on inner lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused,
hirsute with 4 spinous bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 26d): 1st endite with 3 short
spinous bristles (1 terminal, 2 medial); 2nd endite
with 3 spinous terminal bristles; 3rd endite with 6
spinous terminal bristles; 4th endite with 5 spinous
terminal bristles; end joint with 8 bristles (6
spinous, 2 hirsute, the latter located on posterior
edge); end joint not produced posteriorly; 1 short
spinous bristle in place of epipodial appendage;
limb hirsute.
Seventh Limb (Figure 26e,f): 6 bristles in termi-
nal group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal
group (2 on each side), all bristles with 2-6 bells
and marginal spines distally; terminus consisting
of comb with 8 or 9 alate teeth opposed by 4 pegs.
Furca (Figure 26g,/): Each lamella with 9 or 10
claws, each separated from lamella by suture; claws
decreasing in length posteriorly along lamella; claw
1 with row of minute teeth along lateral side and
few large teeth on medial surface; remaining claws
with small teeth along posterior margin; proximal
teeth larger than distal teeth; hairs present on
lamella between claws.
Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Absent.
Lips: Upper lip with 4 small processes at tip,
(lower lip with spines) (Figure 26h-j; Plates 12e,
13, 14a).
Anterior and Posterior of Body: Anterior with
button-like process (Plate 146,c). Posterior bare.
Y-Sclerite: Without ventral branch (Figure 26ft).
Genitalia: Represented by sclerotized round ring
(Figure 26ft).
Eggs: [USNM 142387] with 4 large eggs in brood
chamber. USNM 150105, 3 specimens, one with 4
eggs and two with 5.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 27-29).?
Carapace similar to that of female except rostrum
and caudal process broader (Figures 27, 2Sa,b).
Ornamentation: Surface similar to that of female
carapace; hairs on caudal process longer than those
on female (Figure 286).
Infold: Similar to infold of female, except only
5 flat spinous bristles on list of caudal process on
specimen examined.
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 25.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, USNM 105105: a, right mandible,
medial view; b, main tooth and large tooth of 2nd exopodite joint of right 5th limb, anterior
view. Female, [USNM 142387]: c, left maxilla, lateral view (terminal bristles of endites and
distal bristles of endopodite not shown); d, lateral view of left maxilla showing ^-bristles of
1st endopodial joint and a-bristles of end joint; e, medial view of end joint of right maxilla
showing b-, c-, and d-bristles of end joint; /, lateral view of left maxilla showing b-, c-, and
d bristles of end joint. Female. USNM 150278: g, tip of right 5th limb, posterior view; h, tip
of right 5th limb, anterior view; >, main tooth on 1st exopodite joint of right 5th limb.
NUMBER 241 37
FIGURE 26.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, tip of left 5th
limb, posterior view; b, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, main tooth and tip of large
tooth of 2nd exopodial joint of left 5th limb, posterior view; d, right 6th limb, medial view; e,
7th limb; /, tip of 7th limb; g, claws 8, 9, and 10 of right lamella of furca; h, anterior view
of body with appendages removed, medial eye and rod-shaped organ not shown; i, ventral
view of anterior part of body with appendages removed; ;', ventral view of upper lip, from i; k,
right part of body near furca showing Y-sclerite and right genital organ. Female USNM
150278: /, left lamella of furca. lateral view.
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FH.URE 27.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male,
USNM 150102. whole specimen, length 1.50 mm.
Selvage: Similar to selvage of female.
Size: USNM 150102, length 1.50 mm, height 0.91
mm.
First Antenna (Figure 2$c,d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: 1 subterminal dorsal bristle, and long hairs
on medial surface. 3rd joint: short with 1 ventral
and 2 dorsal bristles. 4th joint: twice length of 3rd
joint, with 2 proximal ventral bristles and 1 sub-
terminal dorsal bristle. 5th joint wedged ventrally
between 4th and 6th joints, sensory bristle with
abundant filaments on bulbous proximal part, stem
of sensory bristle posterior to proximal bulb with 4
distal filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint: long,
narrow, with medial bristle about same length as
joint. 7th joint: a-bristle about same length as bristle
of 6th joint, with few long proximal spines; b-
bristle, about one and one-half times the length of
a-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle very
long with 11 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and
e-bristles bare, reaching past sensory bristle of 5th
joint; f-bristle very long, similar to c-bristle but with
10 marginal filaments; g-bristle slightly longer than
c- and d-bristles, with 4 marginal filaments and
bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
3-jointed (Figure 28?):lst joint short with 4 bristles
(1 longer than others); 2nd joint elongate with 2
long ventral bristles near middle; 3rd joint elon-
gate, reflexed on 2nd, with 2 short subterminal
bristles and knifelike tip. Exopodite: 1st joint
without distomedial spine; joints 2-8 with spines
along dorsal margin; bristle on 2nd joint reach-
ing well past end of limb, with natatory hairs,
without ventral spines; 2nd joint only slightly
longer than 3rd, and 3rd joint only slightly longer
than 4th; bristles of joints 3-8 long, with natatory
hairs, without ventral spines; 9th joint with 3
bristles (2 long with natatory hairs; 1 dorsal, short,
bare), 2 slender spines on distal dorsal corner.
Mandible (Figure 28/): Coxale bare, without
endite. Basale: medial surface spinous with 4 short
proximal bristles on sclerotized ridge near proximal
ventral corner, one short bristle with short marginal
spines near middle of ventral margin, and 1 sub-
terminal bristle with long proximal and short
distal spines (base of bristle almost on ventral mar-
gin); ventral margin with 3 long bristles near mid-
dle with long proximal and short distal spines;
dorsal margin with 2 long subterminal bristles.
Exopodite hirsute, about three-fourths length of 1st
endopodite joint, with 2 bare terminal bristles.
Endopodite: 1st joint with medial surface spinous,
ventral margin with 3 terminal bristles; 2nd joint
with ventral margin with 3 subterminal bristles
forming groups of 1 and 2 bristles each; dorsal
margin with 7 bristles (2 proximal to middle, 5
near middle); medial surface spinous; end joint
with 3 claws (dorsal of these very short), and 3 short
slender bristles.
Maxilla (Figure 29a,b): Limb reduced; precoxale
and coxale with dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with
short dorsal bristle with long hairs. 1st endite with
5 weak bristles; 2nd endite with 6 weak bristles;
3rd endite with 1 short proximal bristle and 7 weak
distal bristles. Basale hirsute with 3 bristles along
distal margin. Exopodite with 1 short and 2 long
bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint hirsute with 1 bare
a-bristle and 2 bare /3-bristles; 2nd joint with 8
bristles.
Fifth Limb (Figure 29c): Limb weakly developed;
epopodial appendages with 53 bristles; 1st and 2nd
endites each with 1 small bristle; 3rd endite with
6 or 7 weak bristles; exopodite with 11 bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 29d): Endite I without dis-
tinct lobe, with 2 short bristles; endite II forming
lobe with 3 long bristles; endite III longer than
endite II, with 7 bristles (5 hirsute, 2 with short
spines); endite IV with 5 bristles (3 hirsute, 2 with
long proximal and short distal spines); end joint
not produced posteriorly, with 9 or 10 bristles (pos-
terior 2 of these hirsute, stouter and longer than
others); limb hirsute; epipodial bristle not observed
(limbs somewhat fragmented in that area on speci-
men examined).
Seventh Limb (Figure 29e): 4 short bristles in
NUMBER 241 39
FIGURE 28.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male, USNM 150102, length 1.50 mm: a,
outline of whole specimen; b, hairs on posterior end of left valve; c, left 1st antenna, medial
view; d, right 1st antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /,
left mandible, medial view.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 29.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male, USNM 150102: a, maxilla, Pright
lateral; b, tip of maxilla, Pleft medial; c, distal end of 5th limb; d, 6th limb; e, 7th limb; /,
right lamella of furca, right copulatory organ and testes; g, anterior part of body showing
hirsute upper lip; h, right Y-sclerite, anterior to right.
proximal group (2 on each side), each with 3 or 4
bells; 4 bristles in distal group (2 on each side),
each with 6 or 7 bells and marginal spines distally;
terminus consisting of comb with 7 spinous or alate
teeth opposed by 2 pegs.
Furca (Figure 29/): Each lamella with 9 claws,
each separated from lamella by suture; claws de-
creasing in length posteriorly along lamella, more
slender than those of female furca; all claws with
teeth along posterior margin, proximal teeth larger
than distal teeth; claw 1 without large medial teeth
present on female claw; posterior 5 claws with
teeth also along ventral margins.
Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Absent.
Upper Lip: Projecting anteriorly, small processes
present on female not observed (Figure 29g).
Posterior of Body: Bare.
Y-Sclerite: Small ventral branch distally (Figure
29/J).
Genitalia: Copulatory organ with sclerotized ter-
minal hook (Figure 29/).
Scleroconcha Skogsberg, 1920
Only one species of Scleroconcha was collected,
S. folinii (Brady, 1971). The specimens provided
an opportunity to give a supplementary descrip-
tion of the species.
DISTRIBUTION.?The genus is widespread between
the latitudes 50?N and 78?S at depths of intertidal
to about 1226 m. Species in the present collection
were from off Spanish Sahara and the Islamic
Republic of Mauritania, at depths of 260-270 m.
Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871)
FIGURES 30-33; PLATES 15-19
Philomedes folinii Brady. 1871:294, pi. 27.
NUMBER 241 41
Philomedes Folini Brady.?Brady, 1872:60, pi. 5: fig. 3;
1879:213; 1886?: 164-166 [list].?Brady and Norman, 18%:
662. pi. 51: figs. 9, 10. pi. 56: figs. 11, 12.
Philomedes folini Brady.?Brady, 1880:160?Muller, 1912:26
[key], 30 [diagnosis].?Klie. 1943:49.?Kornicker, 1969b,
table 1.
Philomedes Folinii Brady.?Sars, 1888[1887]:22O. pl. 3: figs. 3.
4, pl. 9.?Muller, 1894:209.?Brady and Norman, 1896:760.
Philomedes (Scleroconcha) Folini Brady.?Skogsberg, 1920:
366, 367, 380.
Scleroconcha folini (Brady).?Poulsen, 1962:359 [locality map].
TYPE SPECIMENS.?Centre D'Etudes et de Recher-
che Scientifiques, Biaritz, France.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Bay of Biscay.
MATERIAL.?USNM 141545, 1 ovigerous female
from station X048; USNM 152830, 1 adult female
and 6 juveniles from station X048; 3 juveniles from
station X048 deposited in Museum of Natural
History "Grigore Antipa"; USNM 156635, 1 speci-
men from station XO53.
DISTRIBUTION.?Bay of Biscay, water depth 64-128
in (Brady and Norman, 1896:664); Messina,
20-38 m (Sars. 1888[1887]:227); Gulf of Naples
(Muller, 1894:209); off west coast of Morocco,
33?3O/2O"N, 8?24'30"W, 55 m (Klie, 1943:49); off
Islamic Republic of Mauritania, 260-270 m
(herein); off Spanish Sahara, 22?57'N, 17?31'W,
930 m, and 23?00'N, 17?30'W, 932 m (see Korn-
icker, 1969b, table 1).
SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.?Cara-
pace with prominent rostrum, shallow incisur, and
projecting posteroventral caudal process; greatest
height in front of middle, greatest length below
middle (Figure 30).
Ornamentation (Figure 30; Plates 15-16a): Sur-
face with 5 longitudinal ribs (Figure 30): dorsal
FIGURE 30.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female. USNM
141545, whole specimen, length 2.56 mm.
rib just within dorsal margin and parallel to it,
with anterior end on rostrum and posterior end
just ventral to posterodorsal corner of valve; ven-
tral rib just within ventral margin and parallel to
it, with anterior end at small anteroventral process
and posterior end on caudal process; main lateral
rib dorsal to valve middle and convex, with ante-
rior end on rostral process and posterior end just
anterior to caudal process; short anterodorsal rib
with anterior end at rostrum and posterior end
intersecting with dorsal rib at peak of dorsal mar-
gin; linear rib below central adductor muscles
with anterior end at short vertical rib near small
anteroventral process and posterior end on low
broad node just anterior to posterior end of main
convex rib; lateral process on rostrum extending
past anterior end of rostrum; narrow rib extending
ventrally from inner end of incisur to point just
below incisur, where it forms minute process ex-
tending to anteroventral margin of valve and then
continues posteriorly to meet anteroventral process
at ventral end of short vertical rib; the narrow rib
combines with the short vertical rib to form a small
U-shaped rib. Surface of valve with shallow fossae
(Figure 30; Plate \ba-d), minute rimmed pores
(Plates \be,j, 16a) and scattered bristles emerging
from rimmed open pores (Plate \be)\ hairs along
outer edge of caudal process with short marginal
hairs (Plate \%b,c).
Infold: Infold on rostrum with 14 spinous bris-
tles (Plate \6b,c,e); small bristle present below
inner end of incisur (Plate 16d) followed by space
and then 8 short spinous bristles forming row on
anteroventral list (Plate 17a,6); anteroventral infold
with about 10 striations (Plate 17a); ventral infold
bare; posteroventral and posterior list with num-
erous bristles in groups of up to 6 bristles; (Figure
31rt; Plates 17r, 18?); flap with 4-8 bristles present
between posterior list and posterior edge of valve
(Figure 31a; Plate 17r), some of these bristles may
be tubular with terminal opening (Plate \7e,f); 1
bristle present between flap and valve edge, close to
valve edge; inner end of incisur with spinous pair
of bristles medial to lamellar prolongation of sel-
vage (Plate I6c,d).
Selvage: Striate lamellar prolongation with short
fringe present; prolongation discontinuous in area
of incisur (Figure 30; Plates 15c, \6c,d); outer
surface of prolongation with short hairs (Plate 19).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
42
about 11 ovoid individual scars. Muscles shown in
Plate ISd-f. All scars not shown in Figure 30.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Size: USNM 141545, separated left valve, length
2.56 mm, height 1.64 mm; USNM 152830, undis-
FICURE 31.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, length 2.56 mm: a, caudal
process of right valve, medial view; b, left 1st antenna, medial view; c, endopodite of right 2nd
antenna, medial view; d, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view.
NUMBER 241 43
sected specimen, length 2.64 mm, height 1.64 mm.
Brady and Norman (1896:663) gave the length of
the female as 2.6 mm, height 1.7 mm; Sars
(1888[1887]:221) gave the length of the female as
2.42 mm.
First Antenna (Figure 31fr): 1st joint: few short
spines forming distal rows on medial and lateral
surfaces near dorsal margin. 2nd joint: long proxi-
mal spines on medial surface near dorsal margin,
short spines forming row on medial surface near
middle of dorsal margin, short spines along ventral
margin, short spines on lateral surface at distal end,
and 3 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, and 1
lateral). 3rd joint: short with 3 spinous bristles (1
ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: few short spines along
ventral margin and 5 spinous bristles (3 ventral, 2
dorsal). 5th joint: elongate with sensory bristle
with 7 short proximal filaments and 4 short mar-
ginal filaments near tip. 6th joint: minute with
medial bristle with few long proximal spines and
short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle similar to
bristle on 6th joint but slightly longer; b-bristle
about one and one-half times length of a-bristle,
with 5 short marginal filaments; c-bristle longer
than b-bristle, about same length as sensory bristle
of 5th joint, with 9 marginal filaments (5 proximal,
4 distal). 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, about
same length as c-bristle; f- and g-bristles about
same length as c-bristle, with 10 short marginal
filaments (6 proximal, 4 distal).
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
2-jointed (Figure 31c): 1st joint short with 6 short
spinous bristles (5 proximal, 1 distal); 2nd joint
long with 2 bristles (proximal bristle spinous, about
5 times length of 2nd joint; terminal bristle short,
about twice width of 2nd joint). Exopodite: 1st
joint with short medial terminal spine; bristles
of joints 2-4 relatively short, bare; bristles of joints
5-8 long, unbroken, with natatory hairs; 9th joint
with 7 bristles (1 short with short marginal spines,
4 long with natatory hairs, 2 medium with natatory
hairs); joints 3-8 with short basal spines; joints
2-8 with short spines forming row along distal
margin. (The absence of natatory hairs on the
bristles of exopodial joints 2-4 supports the findings
of Skogsberg (1920:367) and not the illustration of
Sars (1888[1887], pi. 9: fig. 3) which shows these
bristles to have natatory hairs.)
Mandible (Figure 32a): Coxale endite bifurcate,
spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale:
medial surface with long hairs and 6 bristles (5
proximal, 3 pectinate and 2 spinous; and 1 near
middle); ventral margin with 7 spinous bristles (base
of proximal 5 of these on lateral surface); dorsal
margin with 3 spinous bristles (1 subterminal, 2
terminal). Exopodite hirsute, reaching past middle
of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, with 2
spinous subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint
with ventral margin with 3 spinous terminal bris-
tles, dorsal margin with short spines on distal
corner; 2nd joint with dorsal margin with 4 spinous
proximal bristles, 6 longer spinous bristles near
middle, and 1 short triaenid medial bristle between
proximal and middle groups, ventral margin with
2 distal groups of bristles, each with 3 spinous
bristles, medial surface and ventral margin with
spines forming clusters; end joint with 3 claws and
4 bristles, all claws with faint minute teeth proxi-
mally or near middle of ventral margin.
Maxilla (Figure 326): Coxale with 1 stout plumose
dorsal bristle; both precoxale and coxale with
transparent fringed epipodite dorsally. 1st endite
with 11 distal bristles; 2nd endite with about 6
distal bristles; 3rd endite with about 7 distal bris-
tle. Basale with 1 proximal bristle near margin of
3rd endite and 3 distal bristles (one of these very
short). Exopodite with 3 bristles (one of these very
short). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with
long proximal and short distal spines and 4
jg-bristles; end joint with 3 clawlike, pectinate
bristles, remaining bristles of end joint difficult to
study on mounted specimen.
Fifth Limb (Figures 3Id, 32c): Epipodial append-
age with 53-57 bristles, Endite I with 6 bristles;
endite II with 7 bristles; endite III with 10 bristles.
Exopodite: 1st joint with anterior side with 2
bristles near middle and 1 short bristle on small
lobe near outer margin, main tooth consisting of
4 constituent pectinate teeth, anterior part of main
tooth smooth and triangular, 1 bristle with short
marginal spines present proximal to teeth of main
tooth; 2nd joint with posterior side with long
proximal d-bristle with few spines and group of 3
a- and b-bristles (middle long bristle with few-
marginal teeth, bare inner bristle about two-thirds
length of middle bristle, outer bristle only about
one-fourth length of middle bristle), presence or
absence of d-bristle on anterior side could not be
determined on specimen examined, inner curvature
of large tooth with small pointed tooth; 3rd joint
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
with 2 spinous bristles on outer lobe and 3 bristles
on inner lobe (2 spinous, 1 with minute teeth); 4th
joint with 6 spinous bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 33a):3 hirsute bristles in
place of epipodial appendage; endites I and II with
3 spinous bristles; endite II with few spines and
FIGURE 32.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female USNM 141545: a, right mandible, medial view;
b, left maxilla, lateral view; c, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; d, right side of body
showing part of Y-sclerite, genitalia, and brushlike organ, anterior to right; e, right
Y-sclerite.
NUMBER 241 45
hairs on lateral surface; endite III with 8 spinous
bristles; endite IV with 7 spinous bristles; end
joint moderately prolonged posteriorly, with 23-25
spinous and plumose bristles; endites III and IV
and end joint with clusters of long hairs on lateral
and medial surfaces.
Seventh Limb (Figure 5$b,c): Each limb with 10
bristles (4 proximal, 2 on each side; and 6 distal, 3
FIGURE 33.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545: a, 6th limb; b, tip of 7th
limb; c, 7th limb; d, anterior of body showing lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ,
anterior process and upper lip; e, distal end of left lamella of furca, lateral view (marginal teeth
not shown). Specimen identified by Klie (see page 46): /, left lamella of furca, lateral view.
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
on each side), each bristle with 2-5 bells, tip of
bristles bell-like, about one-half diameter of proxi-
mal bells, bristles with marginal spines except
proximally; terminal comb with 12 teeth with few
or many long spines; 1 smooth recurved peg oppo-
site comb (Figure 336).
Furca (Figure 33e,/): Each lamella with 13 claws
decreasing in length posteriorly on lamella, but
claws 6-13 sufficiently smaller than claws 1-5 to
prevent considering decrease to be gradual; claw 3
more slender than claw 4; claws 1-4, possibly others,
with teeth forming lateral and medial row along
posterior margin; claws 5-13 with small teeth along
anterior margins; anterior teeth closer to size of
posterior teeth on smaller claws; hairs present on
claws 1 and 2 near lamella, on lamella near base
of claws, and on lamella following claws.
Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 33d): Elongate with
about 9 short segments in middle part; tip pointed,
with 1 or more hairs projecting anteriorly from tip.
Eyes: Medial eye represented by a widening on
the proximal end of the rod-shaped organ, unpig-
mented (Figure 33d). Lateral eye small with 2 om-
matidia (Figure 33d).
Upper Lip (Figure 33d): Projecting anteriorly,
hirsute with glandular processes at tip; large single
rounded process present between rod-shaped organ
and lip (Figure 33d).
Posterior of Body: Hairs present along lower part.
Y-Sclerite: Typical for genus (Figure 52d,e).
Genitalia: Consisting of small sclerotized oval
(Figure 32d).
Brushlike Organ: Consisting of 7 minute bristles
dorsal to genitalia and between anterior fork of
Y-shaped sclerite (Figure 32d).
Eggs: USNM 141545 with 6 eggs.
DISCUSSION OF SPECIMENS FROM OFF MOROCCO
REPORTED BY KLIE (1943:49).?Through the cour-
tesy of Dr. Gerd Hartmann the senior author re-
ceived from the Hamburg Zoological Museum 2
specimens in alcohol that had been identified by
Klie (1943) as Philomedes folini Brady. The vial
contained a complete specimen (length 2.07 mm,
height 1.49 mm), 1 smaller distorted empty shell
(length 1.55 mm, height 0.99 mm), and a label
stating, "Philomedes folini Brady, Weskuste von
Marokko: ? Vanneau ? Stat. LVI 33?3O'2O"N,
8?24'30"W, Tiefe 55 m, 24 Juni 1924." The left la-
mella of the furca, which was protruding out of the
shell of the larger specimen, is illustrated in Figure
33/. The endopodite of the 2nd antenna of that spe-
cimen was sufficiently visible through the shell to
determine that the specimen is a female. The
presence of only 11 furcal claws on the furca and
the small size of the carapace indicate it to be a
juvenile. The length of the 3rd furcal claw is
somewhat shorter relative to the 4th claw than that
on the furca of the adult female described herein,
but the similarity of the distribution of the ribs
on the carapace of Klie's specimen and on the
adult female described here leads us to concur with
Klie's identification.
PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967
This subfamily contains two genera: Parame-
kodon Brady and Norman, 1896, and Pseudophilo-
medes Muller, 1893. Brady and Norman (1896:670)
reported Paramekodon inflatus in samples collected
off Spanish Sahara, at a depth of 1435 m, but no
specimens are in the present collection, possibly
because the maximum sampling depth was 1120 m,
and only three samples were collected below 1000
m. Members of the genus Pseudophilomedes are
reported herein for the first time from the west
coast of Africa. The adult male of members of this
subfamily was previously unknown. Adult males
of two species of Pseudophilomedes are described
herein.
Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1893
Three species of Pseudophilomedes were col-
lected: P. angulatus Muller, 1894, P. tetrathrix, new
species, and P. thalassa, new species. A supple-
mentary description is given of the lectotype of
P. foveolatus Muller from the Gulf of Naples. The
additional species in the genus is P. ferulanus
Kornicker, 1958.
DISTRIBUTION.?Members of Pseudophilomedes
Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae
Seventh joint of 1st antenna with b-bristle Pseudophilomedes
Seventh joint of 1st antenna without b-bristle Paramekodon
NUMBER 24 J 47
have previously been reported from the Gulf of
Naples (Miiller, 1894), the Great Bahama Bank
(Kornicker, 1958), the Atlantic shelf off Georgia
(Darby, 1965), and the Atlantic shelf off North
Carolina (Kornicker, 1967), at a depth range of
6-160 m. Species in the present collection were
from off Mauritania and Spanish Sahara at depths
of 150-534 m.
MICROSTR UCTU RES
NORMAL PORES.?All the species observed have
simple pores with bristles (hairs): female P. angu-
latus (Plate 21a), P. thalassa (Plate 24/), P. tetra-
thrix (Plate 28c). The hair-pores of the A-l male of
P. angulatus have crescent-like ribs forming a dis-
continuous rim around the bristle (Plate 22d-f).
Minute pustules containing a simple hairless pore
at the middle are present between fossae on P.
angulatus (Plates 2Id, 22d,<?) and P. tetrathrix
(Plates 27^, 28a,c). The pustules circumscribe the
edge of fossae on P. tetrathrix (Plate 28e,/). Small
pustules with a central pore that are either sur-
rounded by a rim or are without rims are on bot-
tom of fossae on P. angulatus (Plate 21c,d) and
P. tetrathrix (Plate 28d,e). Minute fossae on P.
tetrathrix have in the middle of their flat bottoms
a small pustule with a central pore.
ORNAMENTATION.?The female P. angulatus bears
well developed ribs (Plate 20a,c). Ribs are weakly
developed on the female P. tetrathrix; on the micro-
graph of the specimen examined ribs appear only
on the rostrum (Plate 26d). The female P. thalassa
bears small posterior nodes (Plate 24d). Nodes are
also present on the male P. angulatus (Figure 37),
but they did not appear on micrographs of the
specimen examined. Large oval fossae with flat
bottoms are present on P. angulatus (Plates 20e,f,
21c, 22), and P. tetrathrix (Plates 26d,f, 21b,c, 28e).
Oval fossae also are present in the area of the
adductor muscles and may represent places of
muscle attachment of P. angulatus (Plate 20/) and
P. tetrathrix (Plates 27a, 28a). The bottom of these
fossae differs from those in other parts of the valve
in having very few pores (Plate 286). Minute fossae
between the larger fossae discussed above form
clusters on P. tetrathrix (Plate 27d-f). On the bot-
tom of the fossae in the area of the central adduc-
tor muscles, minute pappilae are visible at magni-
fications of about 15,000 (Plate 286).
BRISTLES.?Long and short bristles, broadening
near base are present on P. angulatus (Plates 20e,
21a, 22d-/), P. thalassa (Plate 24/), and P. tetra-
thrix (Plates 26d-/, 27a,6, 28c). Crenulations on the
base of the long bristles are less pronounced than
those observed on bristles of members of the
Philomedinae.
SELVAGE.?The lamellar prolongation of the sel-
vage is fringed along the rostrum and lower margin
of the incisur, and the former overlaps the latter
in the incisur area of the female P. angulatus (Plate
20e) and P. tetrathrix (Plate 26c).
INFOLD.?Bristles on the rostral infold of the
male P. angulatus have marginal spines (Plate 236).
Setose bristles are present on the posterior end of
the list on the caudal process of the male P. angu-
latus (Plate 23c,d).
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
The adult males are known for only two species:
P. thalassa and P. angulatus. The carapaces of males
are smaller than those of females. The rostrum of
the male P. thalassa overhangs the incisur, whereas,
the incisur of the female forms a right angle. The
carapace of the male P. angulatus does not have
the prominent horizontal ribs present on the cara-
pace of the female.
FIRST ANTENNA.?The male limb differs from that
of the female primarily in having a small 5th joint
wedged ventrally between the 4th and 6th joints, a
sensory bristle (on 5th joint) with abundant long
proximal filaments, very long c- and f-bristles.
SECOND ANTENNA.?The protopodite and exopo-
dite are similar to those of female; the male endo-
podite is 3-jointed with the 3rd joint reflexed on the
2nd; the female endopodite consists of only 1 short
joint.
MANDIBLE.?The male limb differs from that of
the female primarily in having a short bristle in
place of the large bifurcate coxale endite present
on the female.
MAXILLA.?The male limb much smaller than
that of the female and weakly developed.
FIFTH LIMB.?Male limb weakly developed and
without strong teeth on the 1st and 2nd exopodial
joints.
SIXTH LIMB.?No sexual dimorphism except
endite bristles of male limb with thinner and more
abundant marginal hairs.
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
SEVENTH LIMB.?Females with 6 bristles in distal
group and 4 in proximal group. Males with only 4
bristles in distal group and none or 1 in proximal
group for P. ihalassa and 2 in proximal group for
P. angulatus. Terminus of female limb with op-
posing combs. Terminus of male P. angulatus
similar to that of female, but terminus of male
P. thalassa without combs.
FURCA.?Males and females with same number
of furcal claws.
ROD-SHAPED ORGAN, MEDIAL EYE, AND UPPER
LIP.?No sexual dimorphism.
LATERAL EYE.?Lateral eye of female P. thalassa
small with 3-5 ommatidia; lateral eye of male
large with 19 ommatidia. Lateral eye of female
P. angulatus not observed; that of male minute
with 2 ommatidia.
BRUSHLIKE ORGAN.?About 5 bristles observed
near the female genitalia of P. angulatus, but not
on males and females of other species.
GENITALIA.?Female with small sclerotized ring;
male copulatory organ consisting of elongate lobes
with bristles and sclerotized hook.
ONTOGENY
The A-l males of P. angulatus, P. thalassa, and
P. tetrathrix, and the A-l female of P. angulatus
were examined. Except for being smaller, the out-
line and ornamentation of the carapace and the
distribution of infold bristles are similar to those
of the adult female.
FIRST ANTENNA.?Not examined in detail but in
general similar to that of the adult female.
SECOND ANTENNA.?Protopodite and exopodite
are similar to those of the adult female; A-l female
endopodite similar to that of the adult female; A-l
male endopodite 3-jointed, but the 3rd joint not
reflexed on the 2nd as on the adult male; also, 3rd
joint without terminal ridges.
MANDIBLE, MAXILLA, 5TH AND 6TH LIMBS.?Except
for A-l female of P. angulatus, these limbs were not
examined in detail, but in general are similar to
those of the adult female.
SEVENTH LIMB.?Bristles strongly tapered and
having 4 bristles in distal group in both sexes. The
A-l female of P. angulatus has 4 bristles in the
proximal group. The A-l male of P. angulatus
has either no bristles or 2 to 3 bristles in the proxi-
mal group (2 specimens without proximal bristles,
1 specimen with 2, and 1 specimen with 3). The
A-l male of P. tetrathrix (1 specimen) is without
proximal bristles. The A-l male of P. thalassa (1
specimen) has 1 proximal bristle. The adult females
of the 3 species studied have parallel sided bristles
(6 in the distal group and 4 in the proximal group).
Adult males of P. thalassa and P. angulatus have 4
distal bristles. The adult male of P. thalassa is
without bristles or has 1 bristle in the proximal
group (1 specimen with no bristles, 1 specimen
with 1 bristle); the adult male of P. angulatus has
2 bristles in the proximal group (1 specimen). The
terminus of the A-l male of P. thalassa is bare like
that of the adult male; the terminae of the A-l
males of P. tetrathrix and P. angulatus have op-
posing combs similar to those of the adults, but
with fewer teeth.
FURCA.?Number and distribution of claws are
similar to those of furca of adult.
ROD-SHAPED ORGAN, MEDIAL EYE, AND UPPER
LIP.?Similar to organs of adult.
LATERAL EYE.?A-l male of P. thalassa well-
developed with 16 ommatidia; adult male of that
species also with well developed eye, but with 19
ommatidia. The lateral eyes of the A-l male of
P. tetrathrix are small and unpigmented, each with
Key to Adult Females of the Species of Pseudophilomedes
1. Furca with 8-10 claws 2
Furca with 6 (rarely 7) claws 3
2. End joint of maxilla with stout fingerlike bristle; rostral infold with 4 bristles; one of the
7th limbs with at least 6 proximal bristles P. ferulanus
End joint of maxilla without fingerlike bristle; rostral infold with 9-10 bristles; 7th limbs
with 4 proximal bristles P. thalassa, new species
3. 6th limb with 3 endites P. foveolatus
6th limb with 4 endites 4
4. Carapace with prominent horizontal ribs; carapace length 1.23-1.59 mm P. angulatus
Carapace without prominent horizontal ribs (some with subdued ribs); carapace length
0.93-1.17 mm P. tetrathrix, new species
NUMBER 241 49
about 12 minute ommatidia; the adult male P.
tetrathrix is unknown. Lateral eyes were not ob-
served with certainty on either the A-l female,
A-l male, or the adult female of P. angulatus. The
adult male of P. angulatus has small lateral eyes,
each with 2 ommatidia.
GENITALIA.?Copulatory organ of A-l male
weakly developed, consisting of 2 lobes, one of
them with few bristles.
Pseudophilomedes angulatus Mtiller, 1894
FIGURES 34-40; PLATES 21-23
Pseudophilomedes angulata Miiller. 1894:212. pi. 3: figs. 50,
52, pi. 4: fig. 3.
HOLOTYPE.?Not selected by Mtiller; present
locality of syntypes, if extant, unknown.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Gulf of Naples, Italy.
MATERIAL.?USNM 154192, 1 adult female with
unextruded eggs from station X048; [USNM
156679], 1 juvenile from station X048; USNM
156682, 1 A-l male from station XO48 (valves
torn); USNM 156674, 1 adult male from sta-
tion X054; USNM 156683, 1 A-l female from
station X054; USNM 150101, I A-l male from sta-
tion X054; USNM 156645, 1 juvenile male from
station X053; USNM 154191, 1 A-l male from
station X072.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 34, 36;
Plates 20, 21).?Carapace larger and with more
strongly developed ribs than the carapace of P.
tetrathrix (Figure 34; Plate 20a-d); well-developed
rostrum overhanging incisur; caudal process small.
Ornamentation: Each valve with horizontal rib
FICURE 34.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, female.
USNM 154192, whole specimen, length 1.59 mm.
(just within and parallel to ventral margin) and 2
horizontal midribs (1 above and 1 below valve mid-
dle (Figure 34; Plate 20a-d) anterior end of the 3
ribs connected anteriorly by vertical ridge whose
upper end continues onto rostrum (Plate 20e); less
strongly developed ribs present along dorsal margin
of valves; surface with well-developed fossae (Plates
20e,f, 21a); single hairs forming row along valve
edges and scattered over valve surface (Plates 20d,e,
21a); minute pores present on bottom of fossae
(Plate 2\c,d) and between fossae (Plate 21a,6).
Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal
process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum
with 4 spinous bristles forming row parallel to edge
of rostrum; infold immediately ventral to rostrum
with 1 short bristle; infold in front of caudal proc-
ess with 5 spinous bristles near top of list; antero-
ventral infold with about 3 ridges paralleling valve
margin.
Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation
present along anterior, ventral and posterior mar-
gins of each valve; prolongation divided at inner
corner of incisur (Plate 20e).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
numerous small ovoid scars (Figure 34); fossae in
vicinity of muscle attachments smaller than fossae
elsewhere (Plate 20/).
Size: USNM 154192, length 1.59 mm, height 0.81
mm (Figure 35). Mtiller (1912:34) gave the length of
a female from the Gulf of Naples as 1.23 mm.
First Antenna: 1st joint: bare. 2nd joint: spines
forming rows along ventral and dorsal margins and
on medial surface, with 1 bare dorsal bristle
reaching just past distal margin of 3rd joint. 3rd
joint: 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal), both with
short marginal spines and reaching past distal mar-
gin of 4th joint. 4th joint: 4 bristles (3 ventral,
outer of these with few long proximal spines and
reaching past 8th joint, middle bristle with few
long proximal spines and short spines distally and
reaching past distal margin of 5th joint, inner bristle
with short marginal spines and not reaching distal
margin of 5th joint; and 1 dorsal with long proximal
and short distal spines and just reaching distal
margin of 5th joint). 5th joint: sensory bristle with
6 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint:
medial bristle short, with short marginal spines. 7th
joint: a-bristle little more than twice length of
bristle of 6th joint, with few short marginal spines;
b-bristle slightly longer than a-bristle; c-bristle same
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
I.I
1.0
E 0.9
E
I 0.8
0.7
0.6
R tetrathrix
R angulatus
R thalassa
9.
A
O
D
?
?
?
A A
1.2 1.3 1.4 I.S
CARAPACE LENGTH (mm)
1.8
FIGURE 35.?Comparison of relationship between carapace length and height of adult males
and females of Pseudophilotned.es angulatus, P. thalassa, new species, and P. tetrathrix, new
species. Only specimens in present collection are included in graph.
length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 marginal
filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and
e-bristles bare, about same length as c-bristle; f- and
g-bristles about same length as c-bristle, with 5
marginal filaments and bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
single jointed with short bare proximal anterior
bristle and 1 longer terminal bristle with few long
proximal spines and short distal spines. Exopodite:
terminal margin of 1st joint with short recurved
medial bristle; distal margins of joints 2-8 with
spines forming row; bristle of 2nd joint just
reaching past distal end of 9th joint, with about 13
stout ventral spines followed by slender hairlike
spines; bristles of joints 3-8 relatively short, with
stout ventral spines except near knifelike tip, no
natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 short bristles
(ventral bristle longer with stout ventral spines;
middle bristle only slightly shorter than ventral
bristle, with short marginal spines; dorsal bristle
very short, bare).
Mandible: Coxale endite with bifurcate spinous
tip; minute process present between base of
branches forming tip. Basale: dorsal margin with
1 subterminal bristle about one and one-half times
width of joint, with few marginal spines, and 2
terminal bristles reaching past distal end of 1st
endopodite joint (lateral bristle bare; medial bristle
with few long proximal spines and short distal
spines); medial surface spinous with 1 short bristle
(with short marginal spines) near middle of ventral
margin; 1 long distal bristle with long proximal
and short distal spines present near ventral margin
but with base on medial surface; 2 minute bristles
present on ventral margin distal to middle. Exopo-
dite spinous, not reaching middle of dorsal margin
of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 terminal bristles
(lateral bristle reaching past distal end of 1st
endopodite joint, with long proximal and short
distal spines; medial bristle shorter, with short
marginal spines). Endopodite: 1st joint with 2
ventral bristles (medial bristle reaching just past
tip of limb, with long proximal and short distal
spines; lateral bristle not reaching tip of limb, with
short marginal spines), medial surface spinous
distally; 2nd joint with medial surface with spines
NUMBER 241 51
forming about 7 rows, dorsal margin with 4 bristles
(1 proximal, 3 near middle bare or with short mar-
ginal spines), ventral margin with 1 subterminal
bristle and 2 shorter terminal bristles; end joint
with 1 long claw, 1 long spinous lateral bristle
reaching well past middle of claw, 1 short claw
(with ventral hairs proximally) with base on medial
edge of joint near middle, and 2 short spinous
bristles, 1 ventral and 1 dorsal to short claw.
Maxilla: Precoxale and coxale with dorsal fringe
of hairs; coxale with short hirsute dorsal bristle.
Endite I with 2 spinous bristles and 3 stout termi-
nal pectinate bristles; endite II with 2 stout
terminal pectinate bristles and 2 shorter slender
bristles; endite III about half length of endites I
and II, with 3 bristles (2 short, 1 long). Exopodite
consisting of 3 bristles on lateral side of 1st endopo-
dite joint near basale. Basale hirsute with 2 bristles
on distal margin (1 ventral, 1 lateral near dorsal
margin). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short spinous
subterminal dorsal bristle and 1 longer, spinous,
terminal bristle near middle of dorsal margin; end
joint with 3 slender tapered ringed bristles (Figure
36a).
Fifth Limb: Same as that of female P. tetrathrix.
Sixth Limb: Endite I with 3 spinous bristles (1
longer than others); endite II with 1 long bristle
with long proximal and short distal spines, or addi-
tional shorter distal bristle with short spines; endite
III with 5 spinous bristles; endite IV with 4 spinous
bristles; end joint with 7 bristles (posterior 2 of
these hirsute, remaining with long proximal and
short distal spines); 1 short bristle with short mar-
ginal spines present in place of epipodial append-
age; surface of appendage hirsute.
Seventh Limb: 6 bristles in distal group (3 on
each side), 4 bristles in proximal group (2 on each
side, each bristle with 2-6 bells and distal marginal
spines; terminus consisting of opposing combs,
about 5 spinous teeth on 1 comb, opposing comb
with about 10 teeth (3-4 alate flat-tipped teeth on
each side of 3 longer teeth with rounded tips).
Furca (Figure 366): Each lamella with 6-7 claws:
claw 4 much stouter and longer than claw 3; claw
1 with relatively small medial tooth near middle,
teeth along posterior margin, and few hairs along
anterior margin; remaining claws with teeth along
posterior margin; claws 5-6, or 5-7 with few ante-
rior teeth or spines. Anterior margin of lamella
with few spines; lamella following claws with hairs.
FIGURE 36.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, female,
USNM 154192: a, bristles on end joint of left maxilla, lateral
view; b, right lamella of furca, lateral view; c, anterior of
body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior
process, and upper lip; d, posterior of body above furca
showing Y-sclerite, genitalia, and brushlike organ; e, left and
right lateral eyes.
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 6 segments
in middle part; tip rounded with minute spine
(Figure 36c).
Eyes: Lateral eye minute (Figure 36e), but not
observed with certainty; medial eye bare, unpig-
mented (Figure 36c).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 36c).
Y-Sclerite: Normal for family (Figure 36d).
Genitalia and Brushlike Organ (Figure 36d):
Genitalia consisting of small sderotized ring on
each side; brushlike organ consisting of about 5
small bristles near genitalia.
Eggs: USNM 154192 with about 5 large unex-
truded eggs.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 37-39).?
Carapace with straight hinge line, overhanging
rostrum and projecting caudal process (Figure 37).
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FICURK 37.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, adult male,
USNM 156674, whole specimen, length 1.43 mm.
Ornamentation: Distinct shallow fossae abundant
on valve surface (Figure 37); narrow ridge projecting
laterally along ventral margin of rostrum and
extending slightly onto anterior part of valve
posterior to rostrum; posterodorsal part of valve
with low node; long bristles present along outer
margin and sparsely distributed on lateral surface,
some with as many as 4 strands, usually 1 or 2.
Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 4 or 5 spinous
bristles; infold of caudal process with 5 spinous
bristles near top of list.
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 20 individual scars (Figure 37).
Size: USNM 156674, length 1.43 mm, height 0.73
mm, height 51 percent of length (Figure 35).
First Antenna (Figure 38a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: 1 dorsal bristle with long marginal spines.
3rd joint: short with 1 dorsal bristle with long
marginal spines and 1 ventral bristle with few
short marginal spines. 4th joint about twice length
of 3rd, with 1 dorsal bristle with long marginal
spines. 5th joint: small, triangular, wedged between
4th and 6th joints ventrally; sensory bristle with
bulbous base with abundant long filaments and
long stem with 1 long proximal filament, 3 short
distal filaments, and bifurcate tip. 6th joint: medial
bristle about same length as 5th joint. 7th joint:
a-bristle reaching just past tip of bristle of 6th joint;
b-bristle about 50 percent longer than a-bristle,
with 2 long proximal filaments, 1 shorter distal
filament, and bifurcate tip; c-bristle very long with
about 9 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and e-
bristles bare, of equal length, reaching just past tip
of sensory bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle similar to
c-bristle; g-bristle same length as d- and e-bristles,
with 5 short marginal filaments and bifurcate tip.
(Limb illustrated has 1st joint bent upward so that
lateral side is shown instead of medial.)
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
3-jointed (Figure 386): 1st joint short with 2 short
proximal, anterior bristles; 2nd joint with 1 bristle
proximal to middle; 3rd joint reflexed on 2nd,
with 2 short subterminal bristles and ridged tip.
Exopodite (Figure 38c): 1st joint with small, medial,
terminal bristle; bristles of joints 2-8 with natatory
hairs but without spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles
(2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short with short hairs
or bare); joints 2-8 with short spines forming row
along terminal margin.
Mandible (Figure 38d): Coxale endite represented
by small spine. Basale: medial surface spinous, with
1 short proximal bristle, and 1 short bristle nearer
middle, both near ventral margin; ventral margin
with 3 long bristles with long marginal spines;
dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to middle and 2
terminal bristles. Exopodite about one-third length
of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 long terminal bris-
tles. Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint with
spines forming rows; ventral margin with 2 long,
subterminal bristles with long proximal and short
distal marginal spines, and 1 short bristle; 2nd
joint with medial and lateral surfaces with spines
forming rows; dorsal margin with bristles forming
2 groups proximal to middle (1 bristle in proximal
group, 3 in distal group); ventral margin with 3
short subterminal bristles; end joint with 1 long
claw with proximal spines along ventral margin,
1 spinous bristle reaching past middle of claw, 1
short ventral bristle with spines along ventral
margin, 1 short medial bristle, and 1 short clawlike
medial bristle ventral to and longer than short
medial bristle.
Maxilla (Figure 38e): Limb weakly developed,
reduced. Precoxale and coxale with fringe of long
hairs dorsally; coxale with short dorsal bristle.
Endite I with 4 broad flat transparent terminal
bristles with rounded tips; endite II with 5 broad
transparent terminal bristles; endite III obscure
with 1 or 2 bristles (these could be interpreted as
being on endite II). Exopodite consisting of 2 long
and 1 short ringed, spinous bristles with bases on
1st endopodite joint near proximal margin. Basale
hirsute, with 2 or 3 bristles along distal margin.
Endopodite: 1st joint with long hairs on dorsal
margin and 2 transparent terminal bristles (1
NUMBER 241 53
FIGURE 38.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, adult male, USNM 156674: a, right 1st antenna,
lateral view of twisted 1st joint, medial view of remaining joints; b, endopodite of right 2nd
antenna, medial view; c, exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view (bristles of joints 2-8 not
shown); d, left mandible, medial view; e, maxilla; /, tip of 5th limb; g, bristles on tip of 5th
limb opposite limb shown in /; h, right lamella of furca, lateral view.
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
dorsal, 1 ventral); end joint with 4 transparent
bristles.
Fifth Limb (Figure 38/,g): Epipodial appendage
with 48 bristles. Single endite present with 1 short
bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 proximal ringed
bristles and 4 weak, finger-formed distal teeth; 2nd
joint with 3 terminal, weak, finger-formed teeth;
3rd joint with inner lobe with 1 ringed bristle,
outer lobe with 2 longer bristles with long proximal
hairs; 4th and 5th joints fused, hirsute, with 4
ringed terminal bristles with short marginal spines.
Sixth Limb (Figure 39a): Endite I with 3 short
bristles; endite II with 1 or 2 short bristles (1 with
long marginal hairs, other, if present, with short
spines); endite III with 3 long hirsute bristles and
2 shorter bristles with short marginal spines; endite
IV with 2 hirsute bristles (1 long, 1 short) and 2
short bristles with short marginal spines; end joint
with 5 short anterior bristles with long proximal
hairs and short distal spines and 2 long hirsute
posterior bristles; limb hirsute; 1 short bristle in
place of epipodial appendage.
Seventh Limb (Figure 396): 4 bristles in distal
group (2 on each side), 2 bristles in proximal
group (1 on each side), each bristle with 4-6 bells
and few distal marginal spines; terminus consisting
of opposing combs, about 8 spinous teeth on one
comb and 3 on other.
Furca (Figure 38/i): Each lamella with 6 claws
all separated from lamella by a suture; claw 4
stouter and longer than claw 3; claw 5 shorter than
claw 3; all claws with distal teeth smaller than
proximal teeth; claw 1 without large tooth present
on female.
Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 39c): Elongate with
about 11 short segments in the proximal two-thirds;
tip rounded but with minute cleft in middle.
Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 39c); lateral eye
FICURE 39.?Pseudophilomed.es angulatus Miiller, adult male, USNM 156674: a, 6th
limb; b, 7th limb; c, anterior of body showing lateral eye, medial eye and rod-
shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; d, left lateral eye; e, right copulatory
organ.
NUMBER 241 55
small with 2 ommatidia (1 of these divided) (Figure
39c, d).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 39c).
Copulatory Organ: Elongate with 2 or 3 terminal
lobes, 1 hirsute and 1 with sclerotized hook (Figure
me).
DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 40a-c; Plates
22, 23).?Carapace resembles that of adult female
but horizontal ribs subdued on some specimens;
surface with shallow fossae (Plate 22c), minute
pores (Plate 22d), and long bristles (Plate 22c-/).
Infold (Plate 23): Rostral infold with 4 spinous
bristles; infold of caudal process with 5 spinous
bristles forming row at top of list; 1 short bristle
on anteroventral infold below incisur.
Size: USNM 150101, length 1.30 mm, height 0.81
mm, height 62 percent of length; USNM 156645,
length 1.36 mm, height 0.75 mm, height 55 percent
of length; USNM 154191, length 1.32 mm, height
0.79 mm, height 60 percent of length.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail but
similar to that of adult female.
Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure
406): 1st joint with 2 short anterior bristles; 2nd
joint elongate with 2 ventral bristles, longer of these
with few short spines; 3rd joint elongate with 2
short terminal bristles. Exopodite: bristles short
without natatory hairs; bristles on joints 2-8 and
ventral bristle of 9th joint with ventral spines; 9th
joint with 3 bristles.
Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not ex-
amined in detail, but, in general, similar to limbs
of female.
Seventh Limb: 4 bristles in distal group (2 on
each side); USNM 156645 and 154191 without
proximal bristles; USNM 150101 with 3 bristles in
proximal group (2 on 1 side, 1 on other); USNM
156682 with 2 proximal bristles (1 on each side);
all bristles tapering distally; terminus with opposing
combs with 5 alate teeth in one comb and 2 spinous
teeth in other.
Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws; similar to that
of adult female.
Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult male.
Eyes: Lateral eye not observed with certainty (if
present, small, not pigmented); medial eye similar
to that of adult male and female.
Copulatory Organ: Weakly developed (Figure
40c).
DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 40d-g).?
FIGURE 40.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, A-l male, USNM 150101, length 1.30 mm:
a, outline of left valve showing some central adductor muscle scars, lateral ribs not shown;
b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view. A-l male, USNM 156645, length 1.36 mm;
c, left copulatory organ. A-l female, USNM 156683, length 1.36 mm: d, outline of left valve,
lateral ribs not shown; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, 7th limb; g, right
lateral eye (not observed with certainty).
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Carapace similar in outline and ornamentation to
that of A-l male (Figure 40d).
Infold: Same as that of A-l male.
Size: USNM 156683, length 1.36 mm, height
0.79 mm, height 58 percent of length.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail but simi-
lar to that of adult female.
Second Antenna: Endopodite 1-jointed with 2
short proximal anterior bristles and 1 long terminal
bristle (Figure 40e). Exopodite similar to that of
A-l male.
Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not ex-
amined in detail but, in general, similar to those
of adult female.
Seventh Limb (Figure 40/): 4 tapered bristles
in distal group, 2 on each side; each bristle with
4 bells; 4 tapered bristles in proximal group, 2 on
each side, each bristle with 2 bells; terminus with
opposing combs with 7 teeth in one and 2 in other.
Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws; similar to that
of adult female.
Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult fe-
male.
Eyes: Lateral eye not observed with certainty, if
present, minute, unpigmented (Figure 40g); medial
eye similar to that of adult female.
REMARKS.?Muller (1894:212) did not describe
or illustrate the 7th limb of females P. angulatus
collected in the Gulf of Naples. He did, however,
list differences between P. angulatus and P. foveo-
latus. Because he did not state that the 7th limb
of those species differed, it may be assumed that
they were similar. The 7th limb of P. foveolatus
illustrated by Muller (1894, pi. 3: fig. 47) bears 2
proximal bristles. The 7th limb of the adult female
P. angulatus from west Africa bears 4 proximal
filaments. Until the variability of this character is
better known in both the west African and Gulf of
Naples' populations, it is not possible to conclude
that the populations differ in the number of proxi-
mal bristles on the 7th limb. A certain amount of
variability of this character is suggested by the
range of 0 to 3 proximal bristles found on the 7th
limb of 4 A-l males from west Africa described
herein. The length of the only adult female in
the present collection is 1.59 mm, longer than the
length of the female (1.23 mm) described by Muller
(1894:212) from the Gulf of Naples.
The adult female and juveniles of both sexes of
P. angulatus have horizontal ribs on the carapace
that are absent on the adult male. This raises
doubt as to whether the male has been correctly
identified. The 6 claws on the caudal furca of the
male indicate that it could not be P. thalassa which
has 8 furcal claws. The only species of Pseudo-
philomedes with 6 claws on the furca collected in
the area are P. angulatus and P. tetrathrix. The
male was assigned to P. angulatus rather than P.
tetrathrix because it is larger than the adult fe-
male of P. tetrathrix, but smaller than the adult
female of P. angulatus, and because of its small
lateral eye, which contained only 2 ommatidia. The
lateral eyes on the A-l male of P. tetrathrix con-
tained many more ommatidia, whereas lateral eyes
were not observed on the A-l male of P. angulatus.
The relative size was used as a character for refer-
ring the male to P. angulatus rather than P. tetra-
thrix because the adult male of P. thalassa is smaller
than the adult female, and in that species both
sexes are almost certainly identified correctly.
Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species
FIGURES 41-48; PLATES 24, 25
HOLOTYPE.?"Grigore Antipa" 290, adult female,
length 1.68 mm, appendages and valves in alcohol.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Thalassa station X048.
ETYMOLOGY.?The species named for the research
vessel Thalassa.
ALLOTYPE.?USNM 154190, adult male from
station X072.
PARATYPES.?USNM 150104, 154188, 154189, 156-
602, 4 ovigerous females from station X048; USNM
156609, adult female from station X048; USNM 156-
605, 1 adult male from station A8a; USNM 156678,
3 specimens from station X048; USNM 156680, 1
adult male from station X048; USNM 156681, 1
A-l male from station XO48.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 41-44; Plates
24, 25).?Carapace with straight hinge line, greatest
height in front of middle, incisur forming right
angle, small caudal process (Figures 41, 42; Plate
24fe-d).
Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae,
(Plate 24e,f), single hairs forming row along edges
of valves and scattered over valve surface (Plate
246,/); minute nodes present in posterodorsal part
of each valve (Figures 41, 42; Plate 24a,d).
Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal
NUMBER 241 57
FIGURE 41.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female,
USNM 154188, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.58 mm.
and dorsal view of right valve.
FIGURE 42.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female,
USNM 150104, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.63 mm.
process, narrower elsewhere (Plate 25a-c); infold
behind rostrum with 9 or 10 long spinous bristles
forming row parallel to edge of rostrum (Figure
43a, Plate 256); infold immediately ventral to
rostrum with 1 short bristle; infold in front of
caudal process with 6 spinous bristles near top of
list (Figure 436); anteroventral infold with about 3
ridges paralleling valve margin (Plate 25a).
Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation
present along anterior, ventral, and posterior
margin of each valve (Plates 24c, 256); prolongation
divided at inner corner of incisur.
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 35 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars
(Figures 41, 42; Plate 25d).
Size: USNM 150104, length 1.63 mm, height 1.06
mm; height 65 percent of length; USNM 154188,
length 1.58 mm, height 1.04 mm; height 66 percent
of length; USNM 154189, length 1.72 mm, height
1.08 mm, height 63 percent of length; USNM
156602, length 1.70 mm, height 1.06 mm, height 62
percent of length; USNM 156609, length 1.71 mm,
height 1.07 mm, height 63 percent of length; holo-
type, length 1.68 mm, height 1.04 mm, height 62
percent of length (Figure 35).
First Antenna (Figure 43c): 2nd joint: 1 dorsal
bristle with short marginal spines, short spines
along dorsal margin, and long proximal hairs on
medial surface near ventral margin. 3rd joint: 2
bristles with short marginal spines, each about
twice length of bristle on 1st joint. 4th joint: 1
dorsal bristle (with short marginal spines) almost
reaching distal end of 6th joint, and 2 ventral
bristles (with medium length proximal spines and
short distal spines) reaching well past end of stem.
5th joint: long, with sensory bristle with 2 short
proximal filaments, 1 short distal filament, and
bifurcate tip. 6th joint: short, medial bristle short,
with short marginal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle 2 to
3 times length of bristle of 6th joint, with short
marginal spines; b-bristle 3 to 4 times length of
bristle of 6th joint, with bifurcate tip; c-bristle
about same length as sensory bristle, with 4 short
marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint:
d- and e-bristles bare with truncate tip; length about
same as sensory bristle; f-bristle with 3 proximal
marginal filaments, 1 double distal filament, and
bifurcate tip; g-bristle with 1 proximal filament,
1 distal filament, and bifurcate tip; f- and g-bristles
about same size as sensory bristle.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
single-jointed, with 2 short bare proximal anterior
bristles and 1 longer terminal bristle with long
proximal and short distal spines (Figure 43d,e).
Exopodite: terminal margin of 1st joint with 1
short recurved medial spine; distal margins of
joints 2-8 with faint spines forming row; bristle
of 2nd joint very long, about one and one-half times
length of stem joints 1-9, with 18 stout proximal
58
spines along ventral margin and natatory hairs
distally; bristles of joints 3-8 with distal natatory
hairs and stout proximal spines along ventral
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
margin; 9th joint with 3 bristles (ventral bristles
long, with stout, proximal, ventral spines and distal
natatory hairs; middle bristle shorter, with slender,
FIGURE 43.?Pscudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype, length
1.63 mm: a, rostrum of left valve, medial view; b, caudal process of left valve, medial view;
c, right 1st antenna, medial view; d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, endo-
podite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, right mandible, medial view; g, coxale and basale
and endites of left maxilla, medial view; h, basale and endopodite of left maxilla, lateral view;
i, right maxilla, lateral view; ;, tip of endopodite of right maxilla, lateral view, from i; k, an-
terior of body showing left lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip:
/, rod-shaped organ, dorsal view under cover slip.
NUMBER 241 59
proximal, ventral spines and distal natatory hairs;
dorsal bristle short with very short marginal hairs
or spines).
Mandible (Figure 43/): Coxale endite with
bifurcate tip, each with strong terminal spine or
tooth and smaller marginal spines (distal prong
with 5 marginal spines; proximal prong with about
25 marginal spines, some very small). Basale: dorsal
margin with 3 bristles (1 distal to middle, 2
terminal); medial surface near ventral margin with
2 or 3 short spinous bristles and 1 longer spinous
terminal bristle. Exopodite spinous, with 2 terminal
bristles, outer bristle slightly shorter than inner.
Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 ventral bristles (inner
medial bristle with long proximal and short distal
spines, remaining bristles shorter and with short
marginal spines); 2nd joint with ventral and medial
spines, dorsal margin with 1 proximal bristle and
4 near middle, ventral margin with 3 subterminal
bristles (1 proximal, 2 distal); end joint with 1
long claw with base on lateral side of joint edge,
1 short claw with base on medial edge of joint near
ventral margin, 1 minute claw with base on medial
edge of joint near dorsal margin, and 3 annulate
bristles, longest of these lateral and just reaching
past middle of long claw.
Maxilla (Figure 43g-/): Precoxale and coxale with
dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with long hirsute
dorsal bristle. Endite I with 1 long spinous bristle,
1 short spinous proximal bristle, and 3 short stout
pectinate terminal bristles; endite II with 2 short
stout pectinate terminal bristles and 2 short slender
proximal spinous bristles; endite III about half
length of endite II, with 2 short slender proximal
bristles and 2 longer spinous terminal bristles.
Exopodite consisting of short lobe with 3 bristles
(2 long, 1 short) with short marginal spines. Basale
hirsute with 3 slender bristles along distal margin.
Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 slender distal bristle
on anterior margin and 1 longer, stouter, spinous
terminal bristle; end joint with 5 bristles (3 short,
2 long; inner of long bristles shorter but slightly
stouter than outer bristle, both with marginal
spines).
Fifth Limb (Figure 44a-;): Single endite present
with 1 short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with large
proximal tooth consisting of 3 prongs and 3 or 4
bristles, large distal tooth consisting of 4 prongs, and
a single short bristle distal to endite bristle present
on anterior side of 1st joint (possibly 2nd endite?);
2nd joint with large fanglike tooth (inner edge
of fanglike tooth with single short distal tooth)
followed by tooth with 3 large prongs and 1 short
prong and by proximal tooth with 3 prongs,
posterior side of 2nd joint with 2 bristles (1 short
slender, 1 long, stout); 3rd joint with 2 slender
bristles on outer lobe and 1 on inner lobe; 4th
and 5th joints fused, with 4 bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 44A,Z): Endite I with 3
spinous bristles (1 long, 2 short); endite II with 1
long spinous bristle; endite III with 5 spinous
bristles; endite IV with 4 spinous bristles; end joint
with 9 bristles, posterior 2 of these hirsute, remain-
ing spinous; 1 bristle with short faint marginal
spines present in place of epipodial appendage;
surface of appendage hirsute.
Seventh Limb (Figure 44m,n): 6 bristles in distal
group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal group
(2 on each side), each bristle with 3-7 bells and few
marginal distal spines; terminus consisting of oppos-
ing combs with faint teeth without marginal spines,
about 9 or 10 on one comb, about 3 or 4 on other.
Furca (Figure 44o,p): Each lamella with 8 or 9
claws (usually 8); claw 4 much stouter and about
the same length or longer than claw 3; posterior
4 or 5 claws secondary; claw 1 with large medial
tooth near middle and smaller teeth proximally on
lateral and medial sides; claws 2 and 4 with small
teeth forming medial and lateral rows near concave
margin; claw 3 with few faint teeth; claws 5-8 or
5-9 with faint spines along anterior and posterior
margins; claws 1 and 2 with faint distal hairs along
anterior margins; margin of lamella following claws
with 1-4 short spines.
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 7 short seg-
ments in middle part; tip rounded with short
terminal spine (Figure 43k,t).
Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 43A); lateral eye
small with reddish pigment in preserved material,
with 3-5 yellow ommatidia (Figure 43k).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 43A).
Eggs: USNM 150104 with 12 eggs in marsupium;
USNM 154188 with 3 eggs.; USNM 154189 with 4
eggs: USNM 156602 with 10 eggs.
Parasites: Holotype with 1 cyproniscid isopod in
marsupium; USNM 156609 with 2 cyproniscid
isopods and 1 clutch of isopod eggs in marsupium
of ostracode.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 45-47).?
Carapace with straight hinge line, large overhanging
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 44.?Pseudophilomed.es thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype: a, tip of
left 5th limb, anterior view, not under cover slip; b, tip of left 5th limb, anterior view; c, detail
of distal lobe of 1st exopodial joint, from b; d, detail of endite bristle and proximal tooth of 1st
exopodial joint, from b; e, tip of right 5th limb, posterior view; /, proximal and distal teeth
of 1st exopodial joint, from e; g, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; h, proximal tooth of left
5th limb, posterior view; i, detail of teeth along inner margin of large tooth of 2nd exopodial
joint, from g; j , tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; k, right 6th limb, medial view; /, left 6th
limb, lateral view; tn, 7th limb; n, detail of tip of 7th limb, from m; o, right lamella of furca,
lateral view; p, left lamella of furca. medial view.
NUMBER 241 61
rostrum, broad open incisur, and projecting caudal
process (Figures 45, 46, 47a); anterior margin of
rostrum with rim and with minute processes.
Ornamentation: Carapace with shallow punctae
on well-preserved specimens (Figure 45); posterior
of valve with few small nodes (Figure 45); long
double hairs present on posterior part of valve;
long hairs present along anterior and ventral
margin.
Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 8 long bristles
forming row parallel to edge of rostrum; infold
immediately ventral to incisur with 1 short bristle;
infold in front of caudal process with 6 spinous
bristles near top of list.
Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation
along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.
Size: USNM 154190, length 1.38 mm. height 0.80
FIGURE 45.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult
male, USNM 156605, paratype, whole valve with punctae
visible, length 1.40 mm.
FIGURE 46.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult
male, USNM 154190, allotype. whole valve without visible
punctae. length 1.38 mm.
mm, height 58 percent of length; USNM 156605,
length 1.40 mm, height 0.84 mm, height 60 percent
of length; USNM 156680, length 1.40 mm, height
0.88 mm, height 63 percent length (Figure 35).
First Antenna (Figure 476): 1st joint: bare. 2nd
joint: short dorsal bristle with short marginal
spines. 3rd joint: short, with 1 dorsal bristle and 1
shorter ventral bristle, both with short marginal
spines. 4th joint: long dorsal bristle with short
marginal spines. 5th joint: small, triangular, wedged
ventrally between 4th and 6th joints; sensory
bristle of 5th joint with bulbous base with abundant
long filaments and long stem with 4 marginal
filaments. 6th joint with medial bristle reaching
well past 8th joint. 7th joint: a-bristle almost twice
length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle almost twice
length of a-bristle, with 2 long filaments near
middle, and bifurcate tip; c-bristle very long, stout,
with 9 short filaments on broken bristle of ex-
amined specimen. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare,
of equal length, reaching well past tip of sensory
bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle similar to c-bristle, also
broken on specimen examined, with 10 short
marginal filaments on stump; g-bristle same length
as d- and e-bristles, with 7 marginal filaments and
bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite
3-jointed (Figure 47c): 1st joint short, with 1 or 2
short proximal anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate,
with 1 bristle proximal to middle; 3rd joint reflexed
on 2nd, with 2 short subterminal bristles and ridged
tip. Exopodite: 1st joint bare; bristles of joints 2-8
with natatory hairs but without spines; 9th joint
with 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short
with short hairs); joints 2-8 with short spines
forming row along terminal margin; 9th joint with
few spines forming medial row on distal margin;
joints 2-9 with minute spine on dorsal corner.
Mandible (Figure 47d): Coxale endite represented
by small spine; lateral side of coxale with few
spines forming short rows. Basale: medial side with
1 short proximal bristle and 1 short bristle just
distal to middle, both closer to ventral margin than
to dorsal margin; ventral margin with 1 medium
length proximal bristle and 1 long stout distal
bristle, both with long proximal and short distal
spines; dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to middle
and 2 terminal bristles. Exopodite about one-third
length of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 long terminal
bristles. Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 47.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult male, USNM 154190, allotype, length
1.38 mm: a, outline of whole specimen showing position of lateral eye; b, left 1st antenna,
medial view; c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, left mandible, lateral view;
e, left maxilla, lateral view, all endite bristles not shown; /, tip of 5th limb; g, 6th limb; h, 7th
limb; i, left lamella of furca and copulatory organ, lateral view; ;, medial eye and rod-shaped
organ; k, left lateral eye, anterior to left; /, anterior process and upper lip, lateral view.
NUMBER 241 63
with spines forming rows; ventral margin with 3
terminal bristles (2 long and 1 short), all with
marginal spines; 2nd joint with medial and lateral
surfaces with spines forming rows, dorsal margin
with bristles forming 2 groups proximal to middle
(1 bristle in proximal group, 3 in distal group),
ventral margin with 3 short subterminal bristles;
end joint with 1 long claw with faint spines along
ventral margin, 1 bristle reaching past middle of
claw, 1 short ventral bristle, 1 short medial bristle,
and 1 short clawlike medial bristle dorsal to and
shorter than short medial bristle.
Maxilla (Figure 47e): Limb weakly developed,
reduced. Precoxale and coxale with fringe of long
hairs dorsally; coxale with short, stout, hirsute
dorsal bristle. Endite I with 5 bristles; endite II
with 4 bristles; endite III short, with 1 proximal
and 3 terminal bristles. Exopodite consisting of 3
bristles with bases on 1st endopodite joint near
basale. Basale hirsute with 3 bristles along distal
margin (2 lateral, 1 medial). Endopodite: 1st joint
with hairs on dorsal margin and 2 terminal bristles
(1 ventral, 1 dorsal); end joint with 5 bristles.
Fifth Limb (Figure 47/): Epipodial appendage
with 48 bristles. Single endite present with 1 short
bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 proximal ringed
bristles and 2 small distal finger-formed bristles;
2nd joint with 2 bristles; inner lobe of 3rd joint
with 1 bristle, outer lobe with 2 bristles; fused 4th
plus 5th joints hirsute, elongate, with 4 bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 47g): Endite I with 3 short
hirsute bristles; endite II with 2 hirsute bristles;
endite III with 3 long hirsute bristles and 2 shorter
bristles with short marginal spines; endite IV with
2 hirsute bristles and 2 shorter bristles with mar-
ginal spines; end joint with 7 or 8 anterior bristles
with long proximal hairs and short distal spines,
and 2 long hirsute posterior bristles; limb hirsute;
1 short bristle with short marginal spines present
in place of epipodial appendage.
Seventh Limb (Figure 47/i): 4 bristles in distal
group (2 on each side); USNM 154190 with 1 bristle
in proximal group, USNM 156605 without proximal
bristle; each bristle with 4-7 bells; terminus bare
without combs.
Furca (Figure 47t): Each lamella with 7 or 8
claws; claw 4 much stouter and longer than claw
3; posterior 3 or 4 claws secondary; claw 1 with
proximal teeth slightly larger than distal teeth, no
large tooth near middle as on claw 1 of female;
all claws with lateral and medial row of teeth along
posterior margins.
Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 47;): Elongate, with
3 to 5 short segments in middle part; distal end
broad, tapering to rounded tip with few terminal
spines.
Eyes: Medial eye bare, lightly pigmented (Figure
47;); lateral eye larger than medial eye, with about
19 ommatidia (Figure 41k).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 47/).
Copulatory Organ: Tip with elongate sclerotized
hook and lobe with bristle (Figure 47i).
DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 48).?Carapace
similar in outline to that of adult female (Figure
48a). Surface punctae not visible on examined
specimen.
Infold: Rostral infold with 9 spinous bristles;
infold of caudal process with 5 spinous bristles
forming row at top of list; anteroventral infold with
1 short bristle below incisur.
Size: USNM 156681, length 1.24 mm, height 0.77
mm, height 62 percent of length.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail but similar
to that of adult female.
Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure
FIGURE 48.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, USNM
156681, A-l male, paratype, length 1.24 mm: a, outline of
whole specimen; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial
view; c, 7th limb: d, right lateral eye, anterior to right.
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
48b): 1st joint short with 1 short anterior bristle;
2nd joint elongate with 2 long bristles, longer of
these with long proximal spines; 3rd joint elongate
with 2 short terminal bristles. Exopodite: bristles
of joints 2-8 with few proximal hairs on dorsal
margin, stout proximal spines along ventral margin,
and natatory hairs distally; bristles long, similar to
those of adult female; 9th joint with 3 bristles (2
long with proximal ventral spines and distal
natatory hairs, 1 short with few hairs).
Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not ex-
amined in detail but, in general, similar to limbs of
adult female.
Seventh Limb (Figure 48c): 4 tapered bristles in
distal group, each with 4-5 bells; 1 tapered proximal
bristle with 2 bells; terminus bare, without combs.
Furca: Each lamella with 8 claws similar to those
of adult female except claw 3 shorter than claw 4.
Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult
female.
Eyes: Lateral eyes well developed, with reddish
brown pigment and about 16 ommatidia, larger
of these ventrally located in eye sac (Figure 48d);
medial eye similar to that of adult male and female.
Copulatory Organ: Not observed.
COMPARISONS.?The new species P. thalassa differs
from other species of Pseudophilomedes in having
more bristles (8-10) on the rostral infold. Other
species have only 4-5 bristles on the rostral infold.
Each lamella of the adult female furca of P. thalassa
bears 8 or 9 claws, whereas the lamellae of P.
tetrathrix, new species, P. angulatus Miiller, and P.
foveolatus Miiller, bear only 6 or 7. The carapace
of P. thalassa resembles in outline that of Para-
mekodon inflatus Brady and Norman, 1896. It differs
from that species in having 8-10 bristles on the
rostral infold instead of only 4 (see Kornicker,
1968:462, for supplementary description of Para-
mekodon inflatus).
Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species
FIGURES 49-51; PLATES 26-28
HOLOTYPE.?USNM 156603, ovigerous female,
length 1.10 mm, appendages on slides and in
alcohol.
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Cornide de Saavedra station
A8a, sample 15.
ETYMOLOGY.?The specific name tetrathrix from
the Greek tetra (four) and thrix (hair) refers to the
4 proximal bristles on the 7th limb of the adult
female.
PARATYPES.?USNM 156604, 156676, 2 adult
females from same sample as holotype; "Grigore
Antipa" 463, 1 ovigerous female from station X042;
USNM 156677, 1 A-l male from same sample as
holotype.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 49, 50;
Plates 26-28).?Carapace with straight hinge line,
greatest height at middle, small caudal process,
overhanging rostrum (Figure 49).
Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae
(Figure 49; Plates 26a-d,f, 21a,b, 2Sa,e); single
hairs forming row along edges of valves and scat-
tered over valve surface (Plates 26, 27aA 28c); 2
low horizontal ribs present (1 above and 1 below
central muscle attachment scars) (Figure 49), ribs
not visible on all specimens; minute round fossae
with pore in middle form clusters between larger
fossae (Plate 27d-f); minute pustules with central
pore present between and on floor of fossae (Plates
27b, 28).
Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal
process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum
with 4 long spinous bristles forming row parallel
to edge of rostrum (Figure 50a); infold immediately
ventral to incisur with 1 short bristle; infold in
front of caudal process with 5 spinous bristles near
top of list (Figure 50fr).
Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation
present along anterior, ventral and posterior mar-
gins of each valve; prolongation divided at inner
corner of incisur (Plate 26d,e).
Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
about 18 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars
(Figure 49; Plates 26a, 27a).
Size: USNM 156603, length 1.10 mm, height 0.67
FIGURE 49.?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female,
USNM 156604, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.06 mm.
NUMBER 241 65
mm; USNM 156604, length 1.06 mm, height 0.64
mm; "Grigore Antipa" 463, length 1.17 mm, height
0.62 mm; USNM 156676, length 1.08 mm, height
0.64 mm (Figure 35).
First Antenna (Figure 50c): 2nd joint: spines
along ventral and dorsal margin and with 1 dorsal
bristle. 3rd joint: 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal).
4th joint: 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint:
sensory bristle with 2 proximal and 2 distal fila-
ments. 6th joint: minute, medial bristle short.
7th joint: a-bristle about twice length of bristles of
6th joint; b-bristle slightly longer than a-bristle,
with bifurcate tip; c-bristle about same length as
sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 marginal fila-
ments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles
bare, length about same as c-bristle; f- and g-bristles
about same length as c-bristle, with 5 marginal
filaments and bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna (Figure 50d): Protopodite: bare.
Endopodite single-jointed with 1 short bare proxi-
mal anterior bristle and 1 longer terminal bristle
with short marginal spines. Exopodite: terminal
margin of 1st joint with short recurved medial
spine; distal margins of joints 2-8 with spines
forming row; bristle of 2nd joint reaching just past
9th joint, with about 10 stout marginal spines
becoming more slender towards tip of bristle, fol-
lowed by slender hairlike spines near tip; bristles
of joints 3-8 relatively short, with stout ventral
spines and knifelike tip, no natatory hairs; 9th
joint with 2 short bristles, longer of these with
stout ventral spines, other with short marginal
spines.
Mandible (Figure 50e): Coxale endite with bifur-
cate spinous tip. Basale: dorsal margin with 3
bristles (1 distal to middle, 2 terminal); medial
surface spinous, with 2 short bristles (1 proximal,
1 near middle), both with short marginal spines;
1 long distal bristle with long proximal and short
distal spines present near ventral margin, but with
base on medial side; 2 minute bristles present on
ventral margin distal to middle. Exopodite spinous
with 2 terminal bristles, outer bristle slightly
shorter than inner. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3
ventral bristles (1 of these very small), medial
surface of joint spinous distally; 2nd joint with
medial surface with few spines, dorsal margin with
1 proximal bristle and 3 near middle, ventral
margin with 3 subterminal bristles; end joint with 1
long claw, 1 long lateral bristle reaching past
middle of claw, 1 short claw with base on medial
edge of joint near middle, and 2 short bristles (1
ventral and 1 dorsal to short claw).
Maxilla (Figure 50/): Precoxale and coxale with
dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with hirsute dorsal
bristle. Endite I with 5 bristles including 3 short,
stout, pectinate, terminal bristles; endite II with
4 bristles including 2 short, stout, pectinate, termi-
nal bristles; endite III about half length of endites
1 and II, with 3 bristles (2 short and 1 long).
Exopodite consisting of 3 bristles on lateral side of
1st endopodite joint near basale. Basale hirsute
with 2-3 slender bristles along distal margin (1 or
2 ventral, 1 lateral near dorsal margin). Endopo-
dite: 1st joint with 1 long, stout, spinous, terminal
bristle on anterior margin; end joint with 3 bristles
(2 long, 1 short; inner of long bristles shorter but
slightly stouter than outer bristle, both with mar-
ginal spines).
Fifth Limb (Figure 50g): Single endite present
with 1 short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with large
proximal tooth with 3 prongs and 2 bristles, large
distal tooth consisting of 4 prongs, and 1 short
proximal bristle; 2nd joint with large fanglike
tooth, inner edge of fanglike tooth with single
short distal tooth followed by 2 3-pronged teeth,
posterior side of joint with 2 bristles (1 short, 1
long); 3rd joint with 2 hirsute bristles on outer
lobe and 1 bare bristle on inner lobe; 4th and 5th
joints fused, hirsute, with 4 spinous bristles.
Sixth Limb (Figure 50h): Endite I with 3 short
hirsute bristles; endite II with 2 longer bristles (1
with short marginal spines, other with long proxi-
mal hairs); endite III with 5 bristles with short or
long spines; endite IV with 4 bristles with short or
long spines; end joint with 7 bristles (posterior 2
hirsute, remaining bristles with long proximal and
short distal spines); 1 short bristle in place of
epipodial appendage.
Seventh Limb (Figure 50t): 6 bristles in distal
group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal group
(2 on each side), each bristle with 3-6 bells and
few distal marginal spines; terminus consisting of
opposing combs, one comb with 5 alate teeth, other
with 3 spinous teeth.
Furca (Figure 50;): Each lamella with 6 claws;
claw 4 much stouter and slightly longer than claw
3; claw 1 with large tooth medially near middle
and about 9 stout teeth proximally along posterior
margin, these increasing in length distally along
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
FIGURE 50.?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, length
1.10 mm: a, incisur and rostrum of right valve, medial view; b, caudal process of right valve,
medial view; c, right 1st antenna, lateral view; d, right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, right
mandible, medial view; /, left maxilla, lateral view; g, tip of 5th limb; h, 6th limb; i, 7th limb;
;', left lamella of furca and genitalia, lateral view; k, medial eye and rod-shaped organ. Female,
USNM 156604, paratype, length 1.06 mm: /, anterior of body showing medial eye and rod-
shaped organ, anterior process and upper lip; m, left lateral eye.
NUMBER 241 67
margin and followed by thinner teeth; claws 2 and
4 with slender teeth along posterior margin; claws
3, 5, and 6 with a few proximal, slender teeth along
anterior margin and more teeth along posterior
margin; hairs on margin of lamella posterior to
claws.
Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 6 short seg-
ments in middle part; tip rounded, possibly with
minute terminal spine (Figure 50k,l).
Eyes: Medial eye bare, with reddish pigment
(Figure 50ft,/); lateral eye small with 4-6 minute
yellow ommatidia (Figure 50m).
Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 50/).
Eggs: USNM 156603 with 6 eggs; USNM 156604
with 3 eggs; USNM 156675 with 1 egg.
DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 51).?Cara-
pace similar in outline to that of adult female
(Figure 51a); surface with distinct shallow fossae,
some larger than others.
Infold: Rostral infold with 4 spinous bristles;
infold of caudal process with 4?5 spinous bristles
forming row at top of list; anteroventral infold with
1 short bristle below incisur.
Size: USNM 156677, length 0.93 mm, height 0.51
mm.
First Antenna: Not examined in detail but simi-
lar to that of adult female.
Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure
516): 1st joint short with 2 short anterior bristles;
2nd joint elongate with 2 bare ventral bristles; 3rd
joint elongate with 2 short terminal bristles.
Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint just reaching past
9th joint, with few slender ventral spines; bristles
of joints 3-8 not more than about one-third longer
than bristle of 2nd joint, with stout ventral spines,
no natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles, all
shorter than bristle of 2nd joint, ventral of these
with stout ventral spines, middle bristle with few
slender spines or bare, dorsal bristle very short,
bare.
Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb: Not examined in
detail but, in general, similar to limbs of female.
Sixth Limb: Same as that of adult female except
end joint with 6 bristles, posterior 2 hirsute, others
spinous.
Seventh Limb (Figure 51c): 4 bristles in distal
group (2 on each side), each bristle with 4 bells;
no proximal bristles; terminus with opposing combs
with 3 alate teeth in one, and 1 spinous tooth in
other.
Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws similar to those
of adult female.
Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult
ferriale.
Eyes: Lateral eyes small, unpigmented, with
about 12 minute yellowish ommatidia (Figure 5Id);
FIGURE 51 .?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, A-l male, USNM 156677.
length 0.93 mm: a, outline of whole specimen showing position of muscle scar
and some fossae; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; c, 7th limb;
d, left and right lateral eyes.
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
medial eye similar to that of adult male and female.
Copulatory Organ: Not observed.
COMPARISONS.?The new species P. tetrathrix
differs from P. foveolatus in having 4 instead of 3
endites on the 6th limb, and 4 instead of 2 proximal
bristles on the 7th limb of the adult female. P.
tetrathrix differs from P. angnlatus in not having
prominent horizontal ribs on the carapace and in
being smaller. P. tetrathrix differs from P. thalassa
in having 4 instead of 9-10 bristles on the rostral
infold and in being much smaller.
Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, 1894
FIGURE 52
Pseudophilomedes foveolata Muller, 1894:212, pi. 3: figs. 34-
35, 45-49, 51, 53-54, pi. 4: figs. 1, 2, 7, pi. 34: fig. 49, pg.
60: fig. 6, pg. 79: fig. 6.-1912:34, figs. 6, 1, 11.
Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller.?Sylvester-Bradley,
1961:Q399, fig. 322.2.?Kornicker, 1967:13, figs. 7, 8; 1974:21,
figs. 8-10.
LECTOTVPE.?Female, instar III, ZMB 9154:1,
Zoological Museum of Berlin. Subsequent desig-
nation (Kornicker, 1974:21).
TYPE-LOCALITY.?Bay of Naples, Italy.
MATERIAL.?Lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.?Gulf of Naples.
DISCUSSION.?Kornicker (1967:13) described the
lectotype but did not mention or illustrate the 7th
limb. Examination of the 7th limb revealed that
it was without bristles. According to the "Key to
Early Myodocopid Instars" (Kornicker, 1969a:3)
this identifies the specimen as the 3rd stage instar.
SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF LECTOTYPE.?
Seventh Limb: Elongate without bristles or ter-
minal comb (Figure 52).
FIGURE 52.?Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, lectotype,
instar III: 7th limb.
TABLE 1.?World distribution and depth zones of species of Philomedidae discussed herein
Species
Philomedes bonneti
Philomedes tetradens
Euphilomedes asper
Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix
Euphilomedes schornikoxn
Tetragonodon ctenorynchus
Pseudophilomedes angulatus
Pseudophilomedes thalassa
Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix
Scleroconcha folinii
Spanish
Sahara
-
-
-
-
X
X
X
-
-
X
Mauri-
tania
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
Mor-
occo
-
-
-
-
-
X
-
-
-
-
Mediter-
ranean
-
-
X
-
-
-
X
-
-
X
Atlantic
coast of
Europe
-
-
-
-
-
X
-
-
-
X
Depth zone
bathyal
shelf-bathyal
bathyal
shelf
bathyal
bathyal-abyssal
shelf-bathyal
shelf-bathyal
shelf
shelf-bathyal
Reported
Not reported
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1870. Crustaces. Pages 245-246 in Chapter 16 (Crustaces
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Hartmann, Gerd
1974. Die Ostracoden des Untersuchungsgebiets. Part 3 in
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Klie, Walter
1940. Beitnige zur Fauna des Eulitorals von Deutsch-
Siidwest-Africa, II: Ostracoden von der Kiiste
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1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes
in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank. Publica-
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Stebbing, T. R.
1901. Giant Ostracoda: Old and New. Knowledge, 24:100.
Sylvester-Bradley, P. C.
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America and University of Kansas Press.
NUMBER 241 71
PLATE 1.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, outside
views of right valve: a, complete valve, dorsal margin flattened, X 45; b, shallow fossae near
middle of a, X 400; c, rostrum and incisur, X 200; d, inferior corner of rostrum showing
process at tip, X 900; e, bristle near anterovcntral margin of valve, X 2800; /, base of bristle
shown in e, X 7000. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 2.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, right
valve: a, posterior of valve showing caudal process, lateral view, X 185; b, posterodorsal margin
of caudal process in a showing digitation, X 2000; c, digitations shown in b, X 10,000; d, com-
plete valve, dorsal margin flattened, inside view, X 47; e, posterior of e showing caudal
process, X 95; /, digitations and medial bristle on posterodorsal margin of caudal process,
from e, X 4700. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241
PLATE 3.?Philomedes bonneti, new species, female. "Grigore Antipa" 288,
holotypc, inside views of right valve: a, rostrum, X 200; b, anteroventral
infold, X 400. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 4.?Philomedes bonneti, new species male, "Grigore Antipa" 289, allotype, tip of 7th
limb: a, lateral view of terminus, comb on right of tip, pegs on upper left, X 1400; b, end
view of terminus, comb on left of tip, pegs on right, X 3400; c, comb teeth, from a, X 6500;
d, tip of comb tooth showing terminal pore, from b (see arrow in b), X 17,000; e, pegs, from a
(note pore at tips of lower pegs). X 7500; /, detail of tip of peg showing pore, X 10,000.
(Photos reduced to 74%)
NUMBER 241 75
PLATE 5.?Philomedes tetradens, new species, female. USNM 150289. holotype, right valve.
a, rostrum showing lateral process (valve margin below incisur folded under on specimen
photographed), X 220; b, process of rostrum, X 1000; c, short bristle on outer surface of
carapace, X 5000; d, bristles along inner margin of posterior infold (note open ends), X 2600.
(Photos reduced to 82%.)
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
6.?Euphilomedes asper (Muller), female, USNM 156632, left valve, outside views:
a, complete valve, X 65; b, rostrum and incisur, X 400: c, truncate posterior of valve, X 200;
d, fossae with peripheral rim, from c, X 1000; e, individual fossae, from d, X 5000; /, base of
bristle on valve outer surface. X 5000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER SMI 77
PLATE 7.?Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,
left valve, outside views: a, complete valve, X 70; b, ventral view, anterior to left, X 80;
c, posterior view, venter to left (arrows point to lower and upper posterior processes), X 100;
d, rostrum and incisur, X 230; e, posterior (arrows point to upper and lower processes, lower
process bent outward during freeze-drying). X 135: /, upper process, from e, X 500. (Photos
reduced to 75%.)
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
wssmm
PLATF. 8.?Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,
left valve, outside views: a, reticulate surface near central adductor muscle scars, from Plate
7a, X 375; b, reticulate surface from near middle of Tlate la, X 1150; c, bristle in lower left of
b (see arrow in b), X 5775; d, upper posterior process, from Plate If, X 1680; e, posterior
view of lower posterior process (arrow), from Plate 7c, X 750; /, posterior view of upper
posterior process (arrow), from Plate 7c, X 1100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241 79
PLATE 9.?Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female,
USNM 152831, holotypc, left valve, outside views: a, detail of surface
near lower posterior process, from Plate 8e, X 3000; b, detail of surface
near upper posterior process, from Plate 8/, X 3000. (Photos reduced
to 80%)
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 10.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [L'SNM 142387], left valve, outside
views: a, complete valve, X 50; b, rostrum and incisur, X 250: c, caudal process, X 250; d, sur-
face hairs, from just ventral to posterior end of horizontal crack in a, X 400; e, base of bristle
in d, X 5000; /, surface of base of bristle in e, X 15,000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 241 81
PLATE 11.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female. [USNM 142387], left valve: a, surface
pores, from Plate KV, X 15,000; b, detail of pore in a, X 30,000; r, complete valve, inside
view, X 40; d, rostrum and incisur, from r, X 250; e, caudal process from r, X 200; f, anterior
margin of rostrum, from d, X 6500. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
82
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATF. 12.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, section of bristle on
infold of rostrum of left valve, X 7500; b, lamellar prolongation of selvage and ridges of
infold along anteroventral margin of left valve, X 750; c, bristle on anteroventral infold just
below incisur, from Plate l id, X 300; d, one of the 2 truncate bristles on list of infold of
caudal process of left valve, X 7500; e, ventral view of upper and lower lip, and central
adductor muscles detached from valves (arrow points to mouth), X 85; /, detail of muscle ends
on left of e, X 625. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 241 83
PLATE 13.?Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387], upper lip: a, lateral
view, anterior to left, X 400; b, ventral view, anterior to bottom, also showing mouth and part
of lower lip (arrow points to mouth), X 300; r, ventral view of tip of upper lip showing anterior
process, from b, X 1500; d, detail of processes at tip of lip shown in c, X 5000; e, stereo pair
showing anterior view of anterior of body (lower arrow points to anterior tip of upper lip,
upper arrow points to button-like anterior process between upper lip and 1st antennae). X 400.
(Photos reduced to 77%.)
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
f
PLATK 14.?Telragonodon ctcnorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, anterior view, slightly
oblique, of tip of upper lip. from Plate l$e, X 2000; b, anterior view, slightly oblique, of
button-like anterior process, from Plate \lt, X 2000; c, left lateral view of anterior process,
X 2000; d, ventral view of lower lip and mouth (arrow), from Plate \2e, X 300; e, hairs near
middle of lower lip, from d, X 3000; f, hairs on lower lip near right side of mouth, from
d, X 3400. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 24] 85
PLATE 15.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, outside views:
a, complete valve, length 2.56 mm, X 45; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 45; c, rostrum and
inrisur. X 120; d, fossae near middle of a, X 200; e, bristle near middle of d, X 2000; /,
rimmed pores from floor of fossae on lower right of d, X 6000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 16.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve: a, rimmed pores
on surface between fossae on outer surface of valve, X 6000; b, inside view of complete valve,
X 45; c, rostrum and incisur, inside view, X ISO; d, inner end of incisur, from c, X 1000;
e, bristles on infold of rostrum, from c, X 1000; /, detail of bristle in e, X 7500. (Photos
reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 87
PLATE 17.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, inside views:
a, anteroventral margin, X 270; ft, infold bristle from a, X 2650; c, caudal process, X 200;
d, junction between edge of valve and dorsal end of list flap, from c, X 1000; e, f, bristles on
list of caudal process (see arrows in c), X 5000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 18.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, inside views: a,
group of 4 bristles on inner margin of infold of caudal process, from Plate 17c, X 3000;
b, bristles on outer edge of valve of caudal process, from Plate 17c, X 2000; c, detail of bristle
in b, X 10,000; d, distal end of central adductor muscles, from Plate 16b, X 340; e, ends of
muscles near top of d, X 1700; f, end of right muscle in e, X 750. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 89
PLATE 19.?Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve:
a, outer surface of lamellar prolongation of selvage along ventral margin
just posterior to middle, from Plate 16b, X 750; b, hairs on outer surface
of lamellar prolongation shown in a, X 7500. (Photos reduced to 83%.)
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 20.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, female, USNM 154192, left valve, outside views:
a, complete valve, length 159 mm, X 70; b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 70; c, anterior
view, venter to right, X 100; d, posterior view, venter to left, X 100; e, rostrum and incisur,
from a, X 175; /, fossae and bristles in vicinity of central muscles attachment area, from a,
X 220. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 91
PLATE 21.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, female. USNM 154192, left valve, outside
views: a, fossae with bristle (see arrow in Plate 20/), X 5000; b, surface pores in a, X 10,000;
c, detail of fossae, from Plate 20/, X 1260; d, rimmed pores at bottom of fossae in c, X 10,000.
(Photos reduced to 82%.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 22.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller. A-l male, USNM 150101, right valve, outside
views: a, complete valve, length 1.30 mm, X 77; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 70; c, fossae
and bristles near middle of a, X 675; d, bristle to upper right of c, X 7000; e, base of bristle
to left of middle of c, X 7000; /, base of bristle near dorsal margin of valve, X 5000. (Photos
reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 24]
PLATE 23.?Pseudophilomedes angulatus, A-l male, USNM 150101, right valve, inside views:
a, complete valve, X 75; b, rostrum, X 750; c, caudal process, X 500; d, detail of two setose
bristles on list of caudal process (see arrow in c), X 3200. (Photos reduced to 82%.)
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 24.?Pteudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype, right valve,
outside views: a, complete valve, posterior half of dorsal margin folded back slightly, X 80;
b, rostrum and incisur, X 210; c, detail of incisur shown in b, X 525; d, posterior showing
caudal process and surface nodes; e, fossae and bristles in vicinity of central adductor muscle
attachments, from a, X 210; /, fossae with bristle, X 2100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241 95
PLATE 25.?Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female USNM 150104, paratype, right valve,
inside views: a, complete valve, X 80; b, rostrum and incisur, X 260; c, caudal process, X 500:
d, ends of central adductor muscles, from a, X S70. (Photos reduced to 82%.)
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 26.?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left valve,
outside views: a, complete valve (posterior half of dorsal margin folded hack slightly), X 90;
b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 85; c, anterior view, venter to right, X 225; d, rostrum and
incisur, from a, X 300; e, incisur showing lamellar prolongation of selvage, from c, X 785;
/, caudal process, from a, X 440. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 97
PLATE 27.?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left
valve, outside views: a, fossae just posterior to central adductor muscle scar area, from Plate
26a, X 500; b, fossa and bristle on right of a, X 2000; c, lower edge of fossa in b, X 10,500:
d, group of pores between fossae (see arrow in a), X 3000: e, pores in d, X 5000; f. detail of
pores in e, X 15,000. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
98 SMITHSONIAN CON TRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
PLATE 28.?Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left
valve, outside views: a, fossa in muscle scar area, from Plate 2&a, X 4620; b, pores and pustules
in bottom of fossa shown in a, X 15,000; c, bristle and part of fossa near top of Plate 26a,
X 5000; d, pores at bottom of fossa shown in c, X 15,000; e, fossae posterior to incisur (note
pores forming row around inner edge of fossa), from Plate 26r/, X 2300; /, detail from e, showing
pores around inner edge of fossa. X 7100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
Index
(New species, subspecies, and principal accounts are noted in italics)
africanus, Azygocypridina, 3
Euphilomedes, 2, 19, 20
Anarthron, 6, 8
angulata, Pseudophilomedes, 49
angulatus, Pseudophilomedes, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 49-56 (figs.
34-40), 64, 68 (tab. 1), 90-93 (pis. 20-23)
arborea, Paravargula, 3
asper, Euphilomedes. 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7. 8, 19. 20-23 (figs. 14-16).
68 (tab. 1), 76 (pi. 6)
aspera, Euphilomedes, 20
Philomedes, 20
Azygocypridina africanus, 3
Azygocypridininae, 5
bonneti, Philomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 9-15 (figs. 6-10), 13 (fig. 9),
14 (fig. 10), 15, 19,68 (tab. 1), 71-74 (pis. 1-4)
Bradycinetus ctenorynchus, 32
Stenorynchus, 32
bradyi, Cypridina (?), 2
brenda, Philomedes. 11
capensis, Paradoloria, 3, 5
caudata, Skogsbergia, 3
ctenorynchus, Bradycinetus, 32
Philomedes, 32
Tetragonodon. 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7. 8. 32-40 (figs. 23-29), 68
(tab. 1), 80-84 (pis. 10-14)
[?]Tetragonodon, 32
curvata, Philomedes, 9
Cypridina (?) bradyi, 2
nobilis, S
Cypridinidae, 5
Cypridininae, 5
dorsoserrata, Paradoloria, 3, 5
erinaceus, Tetragonodon, 1, 32
Euphilomedes, 6-8, 19 (key), 20
africanus, 2. 19, 20
asper. 3. 4, (fig. 3), 7, 8. 19. 20-23 (figs. 14-16), 68 (tab. 1),
76 (pi. 6)
aspera, 20
ferox, 6
kornickeri, 2. 19,20
schornikovi, 4 (fig. 3). 19,20, 27-32 (figs. 19-22), 68 (tab. 1)
sinister, 3, 23 (key), 24
sinister pentathrix, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8. 19, 20. 22. 24-27 (figs. 17,
18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)
sinister sinister, 19, 23, 24, 26
favosa, Streptoleberis, 1
ferox, Euphilomedes, 6
ferulanus, Pseudophilomedes, 46, 48
Folini, Philomedes (Scleroconcha), 41
folini, Philomedes, 41, 46
Scleroconcha, 41
folinii, Philomedes, 40
Scleroconcha, 1. 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 40-46 (figs. 30-33), 68 (tab.
1), 85-89 (pis. 16-19)
foveolata, Philomedes, 19
Pseudophilomedes, 68
foveolatus, Pseudophilomedes, 46, 48, 56, 68 (fig. 52)
globosa, Philomedes, 11, 12, 15
Igene, 6, 8
inflatus, Paramekodon, 1, 46, 64
interpuncta, Philomedes, 23
kornickeri, Euphilomedes, 2, 19
lilljeborgii, Philomedes, 8-12. 15, 19
longicornis, Philomedes, 23
macandrei, Philomedes, 2, 8, 9
nobilis, Cypridina, 3
orbicularis, Philomedes, 9
Paradoloria, 1, 5 (fig. 4)
capensis, 3, 5
dorsoserrata, 3, 5
vanhoeffeni, 3, 5
PParadoloria species indeterminate, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 5 (fig. 4), 6
(fig- 5)
Paramekodon, 46
inflatus, 1,46,64
Paraphilomedes, 6,8
Paravargula arborea, 3
paucichelata, Philomedes, 32
pentathrix, Euphilomedes sinister, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 19, 20, 22,
24-27 (figs. 17, 18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)
Philomedes, 6-8, 9 (key)
aspera, 19
bonneti, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 9-15 (figs. 6-10), 19, 68 (tab. 1), 71-74
(pis. 1-4)
brenda, 11
ctenorhynchus, 32
curvata, 9
folini, 41, 46
Folini, 41
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
folinii, 40
Folinii, 41
foveolata, 19
globosa, 11, 12. 15
interpuncta, 23
lilljeborgii, 8-12, 15, 19
longicornis, 24
macandrei, 2, 8, 9
orbicularis, 9
paucichelata, 32
(Scleroconcha) Folini, 41
subantarctica, 9
tetradens, 4 (fig. 3), 7-9, 15-19 (figs. 11-13), 68 (tab. 1), 75
(pi. 5)
Philomedidae, 6 (key)
Philomedinae, 6, 8 (key)
Pseudophilomedes, 3, 46, 48 (key), 64
angulata, 49
angulatus, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 49-56 (figs. 34-40), 64, 68 (tab.
1), 90-93 (pis. 20-23)
ferulanus, 46, 48
foveolata, 68
foveolatus, 46, 48, 56, 68 (fig. 52)
tetrathrix, 4 (fig. 3), 46-49, 50 (fig. 35), 51, 56, 64-68 (figs.
49-51, tab. 1), 96-98 (pis. 26-28)
thalassa, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 50 (fig. 35), 56-64 (figs. 41^18), 68
(tab. 1), 94 (pi. 24), 95 (pi. 25)
Pseudophilomedinae, 6, 46 (key)
rectirostris, Streptoleberis, 1
rhabdion, Tetragonodon, 32
schornikovi, Euphilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 19, 20, 27-32 (figs. 19-22),
68 (tab. 1)
Scleroconcha, 6-8, 40
folini, 41
folinii, 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 40^f6 (figs. 30-33), 68 (tab. 1),
85-89 (pis. 15-19)
(Scleroconcha) Folini, Philomedes, 41
sinister, Euphilomedes, 3, 23 (key), 24
sinister, Euphilomedes sinister, 19, 23, 24, 27
sinister pentathrix, Euphilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 19, 20, 22,
24-27 (figs. 17, 18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)
sinister sinister, Euphilomedes, 19, 23, 24, 27
Skogsbergia, 5
Skogsbergia caudata, 3
species indeterminate, PParadoloria, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 5 (fig. 4), 6
(fig- 5)
Stenorynchus, Bradycinetus, 32
Streptoleberis favosa, 1
rectirostris, 1
subantarctica, Philomedes, 9
tetrathrix, Pseudophilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 46-49, 50 (fig. 35), 51,
56, 64-68 (figs. 49-51, tab. 1), 96-98 (pis. 26-28)
thalassa, Pseudophilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 50 (fig. 35), 56-64
(figs. 41-48), 68 (tab. 1), 94 (pi. 24), 95 (pi. 25)
tetradens, Philomedes, 4 (fig. 3). 7-9. 15-19 (figs. 11-13), 68
(tab. 1), 75 (pi. 5)
Tetragonodon, 3, 6-8, 32
ctenorynchus, 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 32-40 (figs. 23-29), 68
(tab. 1), 80-84 (pis. 10-14)
erinaceus, 1,32
rhabdion, 32
[?]Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus, 32
vanhoeffeni, Paradoloria, 3, 5
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