($2 7 / SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS |\ — VOLUME 152, NO. 3 SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-1965 By THOMAS E. SNYDER HONORARY RESEARCH ASSOCIATE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PuBLicaTIon 4705 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON DECEMBER 31, 1968 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 152, NO©: 3 SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-1965 By THOMAS E. SNYDER HONORARY RESEARCH ASSOCIATE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Pus.icaTIon 4705 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON - ~~ > . ee 7 ae ed - 7 . © ’ s “Tr Ce 7 , 7 : 7 ie ~- 7 x= a a 7 A ; x . - - a oe . a . ei) 1 re. re CONTENTS Page IAS HONESEG Eitess hater et, ok eea e re wee ee ERROR Ns & Shy 6 ats" Sac thesa ptgaaea te gautane I PANE BOVINE OINLCIIL GYP eel Galt cote eae tien nents nie ie aTo ars oep enis icin hie Clap nt tee I Pastsotcsub ect headings 2.05 Aet©e eeh ene oaen bairn Sl ee ree 2 Sr Ch NAMM ote Vege ne Mca eile eande ae OR eas eee eS ater 3 HEISE Cai AMEGnS ANCIMEITIES.. 7 | Oede e cen oe fc one Carew Uta te ees ore Cee a ee 107 Liye Uappeoc cg ait Bead ped sane ne Tia sta Iep alatine ithe Wea aren i ean Be 9 155 SECOND SUPELEMENT ST OiTHE ANNOTATED: SS (EC Tobe A DENG BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-1965 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution INTRODUCTION ON DECEMBER 29, 1961, a Supplement 1955-1960 to an “Annotated Subject- Heading Bibliography of Termites 1350 B.C. to A.D. 1954,” by Thomas E. Snyder was published as Publication 4463, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 143, No. 3. The present (second) supplement covers publications from 1961 through 1965; some 1966, as well as some earlier, overlooked papers are included. A total of 1135 references are listed under authors and titles, and 2381 references are listed under subject headings, the greater number being due to cross references to publications covering more than one subject. New subject headings are: Attractants, Communica- tion, Glossary, International Cooperation, and Resistant Plants; some previous ones are not included in this supplement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The publication of this bibliography was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Editors of the Smithsonian Institution have been very helpful in the preparation of the manuscript and index. Mrs. Lucile W. Yates, cataloger of the Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, has supplied some references. Miss Emily Bennett (1960 to early 1963), Mr. Armitt J. Spohn (1963 to late October 1965), and Mrs. Gloria Mauney (from October 1965 to date), librarians of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, have been especially helpful in checking references and obtaining obscure publications, often difficult to locate. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 152, No. 3 LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Anatomy. See Morphology. Introduced, or intercepted. Attractants. Legislation or regulation. Bacteria. See also Nutrition. Migration. See Biology. Baits. See Soil poisons. Moisture. See Biology. Behavior. See also Biology. Molds. See Nutrition, Parasites. Bibliography. Morphology, histology (tissue growth). Biography. Neoteinia. See Biology. Biology, ecology. Nests. Building codes. See also Control; Resistant Nutrition. woods; Wood preservation. Obituary. Caste determination, also intermediates, Parasites. intercastes. Parthenogenesis. See Biology. Chemical analysis. Phylogeny. See also Evolution; Taxonomy. Cold. See Temperature. Physiology. Communication. Poison dusts. See Soil poisons. Control, construction, and termite-proofing. Population. Cytology (cell growth). Predators. Damage to buildings, material. See also Protozoa. See also Digestion; Nutrition. Biology ; Flight. Racket. Damage to living vegetation. Radiation. Detection. Sce also Experimentation. Rearing. Digestion. Sce also Nutrition; Protozoa. Regulation. See Legislation. Diseases, human, plant, and termite. See also Repellents. See Soil poisons ;W ood preserva- Parasites. tion. Distribution. Reproductive organs. See Genitalia. Dusts, poison. Sce Soil poisons. Resistant plants. Ecology. See Biology. Resistant woods, fiber, plastics. Electricity. See Detection; Experimentation. Respiration. See Gaseous environment. Embryology. Reviews and abstracts. Evolution. Secretions. Experimentation. See also Detection. Sense organs. Flight, swarm. See also Biology ; Damage. Sex organs. See Genitalia. Food, termites as. Shields, metal barriers. Fossil. Soil poisons, baits, dusts, repellents. Fumigation. Sound. Fungi, association with. Sce also Rearing. Superorganism, supraorganism, colony as. Fungus cultivation. Swarm. See Flight. Symbiosis. See Biology; Nutrition; Proto- Gaseous environment. zoa; Termitophiles. Genetics. See Biology. Tax status of loss. See Damage. Genitalia, reproductive or sex organs. Taxonomy. Geologic agents. Temperature. Glossary. Termitophiles. Heat. See Temperature. Toxicology. Hermaphrodites. See Biology. Uses in industry, arts, and religion. Histology. See Morphology. Wood preservation, poisons for fabrics and Humidity. fiberboards, insulation, etc. International cooperation. Zoogeographical regions. SUBJECT HEADINGS (For complete citations see List of Authors and Titles beginning on page 107.) ATTRACTANTS ALLEN, T. C., SmytuE, R. V., and Coppet, wood is the best field attractant. A modi- H. C., 1964, pp. 1009-1011. (Studies in fied attractant-insecticide unit was used. the United States and in several foreign A sandwich of five corrugated fiberboard countries involving termite attractancy pieces in which the center and two outer- tests, similar to those made in the United most pieces were not treated with in- States in 1961, showed that aqueous ex- secticide. The second and fourth pieces tracts from wood invaded by the fungus were dipped in either 1% chlordane or Lenzites trabea gave similar results, 21 dieldrin solutions, or a massive dose of termite species in 14 genera, including dieldrin was also applied to a sandwich 3 dampwood, 8 drywood and 1o subter- unit by shaking only the central piece ranean termites were tested. The termites in a plastic bag that contained 75% were listed, methods of test given. Every wettable powder. The last method caused species which was significantly attracted the greatest mortality. Decayed wood except one was subterranean in habit; contains both an orientating and feeding no dampwood termites were attracted stimulus, synthetics show poorer results and no drywood species responded in field tests because they may be orienta- strongly. Tests will be continued.) tive attractants only.) Becker, G., 1964a, pp. 168-172. (Effect on Jacozson, M., 1965, pp. 32, 38. (U.S., Re- termites of attractive compounds (alde- ticulitermes arenincola and R. flavipes, hydes and acids) formed in wood at- following flight, females attract males by tacked by Basidiomycetes. ) odor. When male touches female, she lowers her abdomen and is followed in EsENTHER, G. R., ALLEN, T. C., Casipa, J. E., and SHENeEFELT, R. D., 1961, p. 50. (U.S. tandem. Males also follow severed tip of female abdomen, or other males if subterranean termites follow concentra- once attracted by female. The odor is tion gradient of attractive material, cul- detected by males’ antennae.) ture of brown rot fungus on pine, to find Green, N., Beroza, M., and Hatt, S. A., decaying wood, Such a potent termite at- 1960, pp. 129-179. (U.S., recent develop- tractant may be useful in termite surveys ments in chemical attractants for insects.) and control.) SmytHE, R. V., ALLEN, T. C., and CoppeLt, EsenTHER, G. R., and Copper, H. C., 1964, H. C., 1965, pp. 420-423. (U.S., effect PP. 34, 36, 38, 42, 44, 46. (Madison, Wis- of various factors on response of Re- consin, experiments continued in the ticulitermes flavipes to pentane extracts laboratory with the response of Reticuli- of Lenzites trabea—invaded wood meas- termes flavipes to attractants from ex- ured. Degree response for single termites tractive and synthetics, especially to ex- lower than unit of five; unit of five re- tracts from white pine infected with the sponded less positively than unit of ten. brown rot fungus Lenzites trabea, Peri- The most positive response was by sec- odically for as long as several weeks ondary reproductives followed in order the termites would not be attracted to by workers and soldiers. Increased tem- any attractant, the cause remains unex- perature caused a more rapid and posi- plained. Receptors appear to be terminal tive response. Level of response de- antennal segments and hind tarsi. The creased under the influence of shorter reproductive caste gave the most positive wavelengths and higher intensities of response. Specific differences are being light.) studied between termite species and spe- Verron, H., 1963, pp. 167-335. (France, cific wood-decaying fungi. Field studies Calotermes flavicollis reaction stimuli of indicate that sterilized L. trabea-infected various castes, interindividual relations 3 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 show same characters as behavior linked 301-1 has been isolated from nymphs of with trophallaxy, interaction partly of an Calotermes flavicollis, as well as from the alimentary nature. Recognition on ol- crushed galleries of the African termite factive basis possible, attractive scent of Microcerotermes edentatus. The com- metabolic origin. During post-embryonic pound when synthesized is an attractant ontogenesis, sexual differentiation in- under experimental conditions. The com- creases as reactivity decreases. If the pounds from the two sources have a two phenomena are in any way related, totally different odor.) their concomitance would tend to show WatanaseE, T., and Casipa, J. E., 1963, pp. that the insect is less and less submitted 300-307. (U.S., at least six materials at- to the effects of sexual inhibition per- tractive to Reticulitermes flavipes found taining to the reproducers, owing to a in wood partially decayed by Lenzites progressive decrease in the frequency of trabea. These unidentified attractants alimentary exchanges. The females are were steam-volatile, neutral unsaturated licked by the nymphs; the male-sexed compounds. Steam-volatile attractants individuals are not, The activity of the were also present in the fungus grown reproducers causes them to act as “in- on synthetic media, in the wood alone, citers.” The neoteinics are little attractive and in the termites. Testing of com- yet react strongly. The deep modifica- pounds of known structure for attractants tions observed during the swarming indicated that some materials with the period that are particularly concerned propenyl and styryl radical were active, with social interattraction and sex-related for example cinnamyl alcohol and iso- behavior are to be added to inversion of safrole. Other attractive compounds the tropisms and sexual maturity. These were six ionones and certain camphor modifications enable the insect now analogs. The attractivity of camphor liberated of its social environment, to may be due to a minor impurity. Con- engage in a new phylogenetical cycle and siderable specificity should occur in the to multiply.) response of different species of termites. Verron, H., and Barsier, M., 1962, pp. 4089- The potential of these attractants in con- 4og1. (An attractant fraction hexene- trol is undetermined. ) BACTERIA Das, S. R., MAHEsHwaRI, K. L., Nicam, S. S., The longevity of S. marcescens was SHUKLA, R. K., and Tanpon, R. N., at least 8 months and it has the ability 1962, pp. 163- 165. (India, Odontotermes of spreading. It is a potential means obesus, bacteria in fungus garden an- of termite control, but after a certain aerobic sulfate reducing; in guts workers length of time virulence decreases. The a few sulfate reducing bacteria, but in influences of pH and moisture must be guts soldiers‘and nymphs a few bacteria, examined. Protective respirators or but not sulfate reducing.) aspirators will be required during ap- Lunp, A. E., 1962, pp. 30-34, 36, 60-61. (U.S., plication to prevent infection by human Serratia kills termites in laboratory, car- beings.) ried ‘ mites.) Misra, J. N., 1962, p. 153. (Intestinal cellulose 1965,p p. 22, 24. (U.S., spore-forming bac- digesting symbionts in higher termites teria, eras marcescens, that can be microbial flora, enzymes bacteria in hind- carried by termites back to their colony, gut Odontotermes obesus, other enzyme gave 100% mortality to laboratory ter- systems present.) mite cultures within 24 hours, only SeBaALD, M., and Prevot, A. R., 1962, pp. 199- a few strains are effective. The bacteria 214. (A new species of strict anaerobic produces red pigmented growths and is bacterium Micromonospora acetoformici called red agent. It has been field tested isolated from the posterior intestine of in South Carolina by soil spraying a solu- Reticulitermes lucifugus var. santon- tion of spores, and the termite activity nensis.) was reduced. The impregnation of SmyTHE, R. V., and Copper, H. C., 1965, wooden planks with a spore solution led pp. 423-426. (U.S., Wisconsin, an experi- to the discontinuation of termite attack. mental soluble toxin preparation derived NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 5 from Bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to after g days, in combination with spores three species of Reticulitermes and Zoo- and inclusion bodies results in greater termopsis angusticollis; 75% mortality than 90% mortality.) BEHAVIOR DeticneE, J., 1965, pp. 179-186. (Africa, dif- LinpauerR, M., 1965, pp. 123-186. (Behavior ferent types fighting behavior considered and mutual communication.) as four different evolutionary grades Macuapo, A. DeB., 1963, pp. 1-3. (The eco- soldier mandibles acquired poly-phyleti- logical concept of species and its pre- cally.) mature application to the systematics of Hockine, B., 1963, pp. 280-285. (East Africa, Apicotermes.) technique developed for studying the be- McManan, E. A., 1961, p. 2414. (Crypto- havior of worker termites toward others termes brevis, laboratory studies colony of the same species, and in relation to development and behavior.) their distribution in space is described PasTEELs, J. M., 1965, pp. 191-205. (Africa, and illustrated.) Nasutitermes lujae workers different Howse, P. E., 1965b, pp. 335-345. (Zoo- stages; ethological and physiological dif- termopsis angusticollis oscillatory move- ferences exist between first-stage workers ments, “longitudinal” response to low- and the other; third-stage workers oldest, intensity stimulus to antennal sensilla. venture more readily outside nest.) “Complex” took place after large dis- Sanps, W. A., 1961a, pp. 277-288. (West turbance; associated with laying down of Africa, foraging behavior and feeding odor trail, occurs only on contact with habits five species Trinervitermes, two an individual of same species, means of groups, those which store grass fragments exciting other termites to follow odor in mounds, and those which do not; trail, but not a specific stimulus.) list of grasses used in experiment.) Hurcuins, R. E., 1966, pp. 1-324. (East Supp, J., 1965, pp. 489-496. (Behavior ter- Africa, queen lays 43,000 eggs per day.) mites in building nest cooperative.) BIBLIOGRAPHY ANoNYMoUs. 1961, pp. I-9. (Italy, control, references to Hawaiian insects; important damage, list of publications 1952-1960.) immigrant insect pests; biological con- CoMMONWEALTH Bureau Soit Sct., 1960, pp. trol; control measures for each pest; 352, 3. (Bibliography (annotated) 1959- bibliography; Isoptera, p. 696 and 710.) 1957, effect termites on soil, tropics.) SmitH, R. F., 1965, pp. 235-258. (U-S., bibli- 1964, 797., pp. 1-8. (Bibliography (an- ography of E. O. Essig, 1909 to 1958.) notated) 1964-1933, termites and soil for- Russo, G., 1963a, pp. 217-222. (List of publi- mation, tropics.) cations of F. Silvestri on termites and Harris, W. V., 1965, pp. 40-43 (Bibliography, termitophiles, 51 papers, 1901-1949.) world. ) Snyper, T. E., 1961, pp. 1-137. (Supplement PEMBERTON, C. E., 1964, pp. 689-729. (Hawaii, to annotated, subject-heading bibliogra. review of entomology in Hawaii; early phy of termites, 1955-1960.) BIOGRAPHY Anonymous, 1964d, pp. 23-24. (Dr. A. E. W. Beebe at the New York Zoological Emerson, professor emeritus of zoology, Society Tropical Research Center in a foremost authority on termites, donated British Guiana. Dr. Emerson discussed his collection of termites to the American the biology of termites, the caste system, Museum of Natural History. There are division of labor, mound nests 30 feet 1800 living and fossil termites identified high, queens that lay 8,000 eggs per day, in the world, Dr. Emerson has obtained etc. The vast majority of termites are 1600. The smallest is 3 mm. long, the sterile. The whole question of teleology largest—a queen—4 inches by 1% inches, and purposiveness is reflected in ter- It relates how Emerson became interested in termites and his association with Dr. mites.) 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 NEtson, J. A., 1966, p. 50. (Dr. W. V. Harris, at the museum. A world authority on isopterist. British Museum, London, in classification of termites, Dr. Harris also interview stated that while no live ter- recommends control measures for the mites occur in England, half of all known Commonwealth, heading the Termite species are preserved in the Common- Research Unit. Much attention focuses wealth Institute of Entomology collection on termites which destroy crops.) BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY Arora, G. L., 1962, pp. 111-113. (India, to 0.75 inches in diameter. This is a Hoshiarpur, Punjab, Heterotermes indi- nonmound building termite abundant in cola, Coptotermes heimi and Micro- the Kiambu-Ruiru area at 5000 to termes anand: subterranean termites, gal- 6000 feet.) leries of nests differ, number soldiers 1964, p. 351. (Honolulu, Hawaii, Copto- proportionately small 20%, 31.5%, and termes formosanus queen of subterranean 31.5% respectively. Heterotermes and termite found on Dec. 2, 1963, in carton Coptotermes voracious wood eaters. nest; nest of about two cubic feet of Coptotermes swarms after first heavy material was in false bottom of closet showers in late June, early July at sunset, directly on the concrete slab near a bath- three to four swarms, second largest, room. No tunneling leading to ground. Microtermes the second week in July, Hundreds of soldiers, small nymphs, and Heterotermes the middle of August when many thousands of workers present, but it is actually raining. Females of both no eggs.) C. heimi and M. anandi raise abdomens Bopot, P., 1962, pp. 789-790. (Africa, southern and emit sweet odor, attract males in Ivory Coast, savannahs, seasonal cycle courtship.) termites. ) Becker, G., 1961a, pp. 78-94. (Observations Borror, D, J., and DrLone, D. M., 1964, and experiments upon the beginnings of pp. 56, 62, 65, 118-124, Chap. 10, Order colony development of Mexican Nasuti- Isoptera, p. 489, 657, 665, 720-721. (U.S., termes ephratae, life history in laboratory. key to Order Isoptera, castes, keys to Egg laying began 3-4 days after swarm- genera, families, habits, termitophiles, ing, 1 to 3 daily up to total of 25-30, damage, as scavengers, rearing methods.) then a pause. Incubation averaged 6-11 Bourton, A. (Ed.), 1964, pp. 1-414. (Africa, weeks. Half eggs laid eaten by adults, systematics, physiology, population, and larvae also gradually eaten and adults ecology, II papers, 3 genera singled out— died. Survival only by addition number Cubitermes, Macrotermes, and Apico- older workers and soldiers, with increas- termes, nests of latter described in detail.) ing oviposition by young queens.) 1962, p. 232. (1dem.) Bucuul, H., 1961, pp. 628-632. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, relations between the maternal 1963a, pp. 455-456. (Experiments in labora- colony and the young winged imagos.) tory with tropical termites show mag- netotaxis or reaction to the points of the Cats-UsciaTi, J., and FrescHevitte, J. De, compass, Winged adult pairs of Macro- 1963, p. 54. (France, Paris, perennation termes and Odontotermes always assume of a colony of Reticulitermes lucifugus.) an east-west resting position. In nature, CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Sen-SarMa, P. K., large queens of Odontotermes in India 1962, pp. 139-142. (India, Odontotermes rest in a north-south direction.) obesus, seasonal incidence of wood 1964, pp. 75-88. (Dealated imagos, particu- destroying subterranean termites tested arly Macrotermes and Odontotermes with wood from Salmalia malabarica.) adjust their resting position to the mag- Cuen, Ninc-SEN, 1959, pp. I-17. (China, netic field of the earth or to artificial Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes magnetic fields. Correlation between in- chinensis, and R. flaviceps, list of 16 tensity of respiration and atmospherics, genera.) higher with minimum atmospherics.) Cuuotanl, O. B., 1962a, pp. 73-75. (India, Bess, H. A., 1963, p. 204. (Ruiru, Kenya, Kalotermes beesoni, all alates emerging East Africa, Odontotermes badius? large from colony in laboratory were females, queens from underground termitaria, as were those infesting banyan trees in 2.5 to 4 inches in length and three-eighths the field, showing reproduction by NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 7 parthenogenesis to be regular and nor- lems raised by these transformations are mal.) mentioned. ) Cun, CHun-TEn, and Ma, SHIH-CHUN, 1959, Deuicne, J., and Pasteets, J. M., 1963a, pp. p. 240. (China, Odontotermes formo- 462-472. (Biology.) sanus, Coptotermes formosanus soil in- Drirt, J. W. P. T., Van Der, 1962, pp. 24-28. sects.) (Europe, Kalotermes flavicollis, Reticuli- CLoupsLEy-THoMpson, J. L., 1964, pp. I-II. termes lucifugus habits, damage, con- (Africa, Sudan, Khartoum Prov., desert, trol.) Subulitermes sp., Macrotermes bellicosus, DuRant, J. A., and Fox, R. C., 1960, pp. Trinervitermes geminatus.) 202-207 1( WSs South Carolina, Pied- Cotuins, M. S., and Ricuarps, A. G., 1963, mont region Reticulitermes spp. in soil pp. 600-604. (U.S. studies on water rela- and litter of pine and hardwood stands tions eastern species Reticulitermes: R. May-September 1962 pine: loblolly and tibialis is rather desiccation-tolerant and shortleaf; hardwood: oak, beech, yellow loses water at a consistently low rate, poplar. Of all the arthropods, termites three species that lose water relatively were 0.64, 0.07, and o.oo in relative slowly but show great variability under abundance in the pine stands, and 0.60, experimental conditions, R. flavipes 0.82, and 0.22 in the hardwood stands. shows a variable but relatively high rate Soil moisture was an influence, and it of water loss. The desiccation tolerance was lower in the pine stands.) of tibialis due to relatively effective water- EsENTHER, G. R., 1961, pp. 945-946. (U.S., proofing mechanism, a_ well-developed Wisconsin, Reticulitermes flavipes and cement layer, and moderate-size flavipes related experiments with other species.) seems to have least efficient transpiration- Fars, P., and the Epirors oF Lire, 1962, pp. retarding mechanism, large size permits 82-86. (General, summary of the life it to outlive species having lower loss of termites.) rates during drying possibility. Transpira- Box, Ry M. and. Fox, J.; W.,/:16964, 9pp..5, tion resistance increases with age, as does 19, 20, 338, 350-354, 357. (Damage, resistance of waterproofing to damage, scavengers in forest, as food for humans, the rate of transpiration in imagoes fall- classification, biology, general, in Africa ing to about one-third the rate of teneral and Australia termite mounds are char- individuals. Size appears to have no in- acteristic of the landscape in vast areas. fluence on rate of loss though it can These hills may be up to 4o feet high. A influence length of survival under dry Macrotermes queen in Liberia weighed conditions. When treated to demonstrate 35-5 grams, capable of laying 34,000 eggs the cement layer, species of Reticull- a day. More than 500 species of other termes other than tibialis were found to invertebrates share their nests as termito- have very small argentaffin granules in philes.) depressed areas, instead of the heavy GosswaLp, K., 1961, pp. 146-151. (Compari- scaly layer found in ¢ibialis.) son societies termites and man, termites Coupin, H., 1905, pp. 8-10. (General, nests, more social, not independent, colony an and as food.) entity or single biological unit. Basis for Davenport, D., 1966, p. 8. (U.S., futile? man’s society is the family. Each family termite tubing, Ashland, Nebraska, down is an independent biological unit. Each single individual is biologically _ self- from floor joists 37 inches for moisture, sufficient.) still 5 feet from soil in basement, no Grassk, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1960, pp. 109- heat, soil dry, house 24 years old, no 123. (France, Calotermes flavicollis, for- serious damage.) mation neoteinics easier and quicker in De.icne, J., 1962, pp. 7-21. (Bellicositermes female, sex differences in female, sex dif- natalensis by two successive moultings ferences in inhibition, numbers; have the minor worker develops into a major different role.) soldier, Its mandibles and head exhibit Greaves,T. , 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia, Copto- important allometric growths. The termes acinaciformis, vibration causes labrum, maxillae, the hypopharynx, and temperature in colony in tree to drop the prementum are reduced and _ lose 11° C.; colonies can attack living trees cuticular formations which probably have from nearby colonies.) mechanical and sensorial functions. Prob- 1962a, p. 65. (Australia, Porotermes adam- 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 soni of the ror pairs maintained at Hrepy, I., (Ed.), 1960, pp. 1-406. (Czecho- 60° F. since January 1961, 81 survived slovakia, ontogeny of insects.) the first year but only 8 pairs produced Hutcuins, R. E., 1966, pp. 1-324. (Habits, eggs and larvae, only 66 of the roo pairs number species, nests, protozoa, sounds.) survived at 78° F. and only 2 pairs pro- JEANNEL, R. G., 1960, pp. 92, 93, 212-226, 274. duced larvae.) (General, social life, nests, fossils, 500 1962b, pp. 238-240. (Australia, termites termitophiles known, enemies.) living in forest trees, species, competition, Josepu, K. J., 1964, pp. 54-55. (India, sup- population, effect colonies on temperature plementary reproductives (neoteinics) trees, reaction to vibration.) from a colony of Miucrocerotermes GriFFIn, F. J., 1961, pp. 1524-1526. (General.) fletcheri, 256 forms collected from nest in Harris, W. V., 1961, pp. 1-187. (Tropical Mysore State at Yellapur, males and Africa, mounds of Macrotermes in East females, function.) Africa 30 feet high; queens 5 inches in Jucct, C., 1957, pp. 109-129. (General, ge- length; flight, colony foundation, nests.) netics, experimental biology, systematics.) 1962b, p. 99. (In termites there is a dual 1960, pp. 107-127. (General, genetics, evo- nature to biology, involving both the lution and _ systematics. Bacteriocytes individual and the colony; there are dif- Mastotermes darwiniensis: symbiosis, in- ferences in food, shelter, and reproduc- herited in ontogenesis (transmitted from tion according to the family.) body mother to eggs) and in phylogenesis Harris, W. V., and Sanps, W. A., 1965, pp. (from Protoblattoids, since paleozoic). 113-131. (Social organization of termite In every other family Isoptera (except colonies, summary recent research on all Termitidae) symbiosis with intestinal phases of termite biology under diverse flora and fauna. Specificity symbiosis world conditions. Extensive list of between Hypermastigina and Hodotermi- pertinent references included.) tidae, Calotermitidae and Rhinotermiti- Heaton, S. S., 1966, pp. 28a, 28b, 29-30. (US., dae; relation of symbionts with host California, life of Zootermopsis angusti- organism and their transmission. Los- collis illustrated, egg to adult, castes, ing of intestinal fauna and exteriorisa- anatomy, protozoa photographed.) tion of the symbiosis in Termitidae: Hockine, B., 1965, pp. 83-87. (East and cultivation fungus gardens (sometimes South Africa, mass exodus of all stages gardens without fungi).) workers and soldiers Macrotermes belli- 1960a, pp. 1-24. (General, the society cosus from nest described. Observations among insects.) on alarm reactions and on weights and KenpeicH, S. C., 1961, figs. 12-1, 27-7, pp. load weights of foraging individuals 109, 164, table 9-8, pp. 174-177, 179, 251, of Hodotermes mossambicus given. Some 311-312, 338-339, 344, 347, 349. (Ecology, peculiar nest structures are illustrated.) social life, mutualism, symbiosis, inheri- Hows, P. E., 1964, pp. 90-97. (The nature tance behavior patterns, woodland biocia- of the insect colony, entire termite tion, adjustments to desert, nests in colony considered as a single organism, savanna, abundance in American tropics, the superorganism. Dr, A. E. Emerson nests in trees, meridian nests.) believes features of the nest can be con- Kerxar, S. M., 1962, pp. 115-116. (India, sidered as equally important in classifica- Poona, Odontotermes redemanni, swarm- tion. Emerson also believes in this con- ing occurs twice a year, April to June, ception: it is possible to appreciate September to October, the first period at evolutionary trends more clearly such as dusk during the day rain occurred, dur- increased social homeostasis. An example ing the second period the swarming M. Luscher has shown that an “air- also at dusk was less frequent. Alates conditioning” system is present in the attracted to lights for distance 2-3 miles.) mounds of the African Macrotermes Kevan, D. K. McE., 1962, pp. 2, 10, 35, 52- natalensis, whereby hot air arises from 55, fig. 76, 79, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99, 133, 135, the center of the nest and is cooled in 140, 141, 177-179, 184, 189 et seq. (Gen- large canals near the surface. The air eral, mostly tropical species.) is in constant circulation and some gas Krots, A. B., and Ktots, E. B., 1959, pp. exchange takes place near the surface 23-30. (Living insects of the world.) of the mound; an effective “respiratory Krutcu, J. W., 1963, pp. 22-25. (Comparison system.”’) society man and that of termites. Anthro- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 9 pologist Ralph Linton states man is an Florida termites, kinds, behavior, nests, anthropoid ape trying to live like termites communication, regulation castes, colony and not doing too well at it. Survival as superorganism, control, nutrition, evo- alone is termites only success, have be- lution, Data on “swarming” months and come mechanical guided by instinct. Man resistance to drying of Florida species can reason, has power to choose.) given.) Kur, A., 1962, pp. 1-8. (Europe, Reticuli- Nakajima, S., SHimizu, K., and Naxayima, termes flavipes manner of living in wood Y., 1964, pp. 222-227. (Coptotermes of this subterranean termite illustrated.) formosanus, studies vitality colonies. Sea- LanuaM, U., 1964, pp. 35, 145, 154-158. (Gen- sonal fluctuations on external characters eral, description, relations, habits. workers, the ratio of caste-member and Lunp, A. E., 1962, pp. 30-34, 36, 6a-b1. (U:S:, carbon dioxide in the nest of a colony.) ecology, termite fungi relations, termites FupaLewicz-Niemczyk, W., 1962, pp. 137- able to attack wood uninfected by fungi; 155. (Polymorphism, determination of some wood-destroying fungi produce end castes and establishment of new com- products (metabolites) that are repellent, munities, by several methods.) or toxic, others attractants. Some molds Norrot, C., (1960) 1962, pp. 583-585. (Gen- reduce longevity termites. Mites usually eral, seasonal cycle of termites, essentially scavengers, but are disease vectors of a regulated by temperature, in Tropics rain bacterium Serratia. Termites fluoresce factor in flight.) when exposed to ultraviolet light, cuticle (1960) 1962a., pp. 658-659. (Africa, Ivory involved. Temperature lower lethal aver- Coast, the evolution of the termite fauna age—11°C., winged—17.5°C., upper of the savanna region, the regression of lethal—48.5° C.) Bellicositermes natalensis and the ex- Luppova, A. N., 1963, pp. 17-27. (Central pansion of Amitermes evuncifer. Dead Asia, Transcaspia, corrections on faunal nests of former evidence, two species data and information on biology of have different action on soil, former more Anacanthotermes turkestanicus and the favorable.) major Transcaspian termites are given. 1963, pp. 636-662. (Africa, Bellicositermes Kalotermes flavicollis, Anacanthotermes natalensis description, figure and evolu- ahngerianus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, tion nest; population, fungus gardens. Amitermes vilis, Microcerotermes sp.) Globitermes annamensis description and McManan, E. A., 1961, p. 2414. (Hawaii, figure nest, biology. Polymorphism, Cryptotermes ’ brevis, laboratory studies castes, alimentation, nutrition. Nest con- colony development and behavior.) struction, primitive to specialized. Apico- 1962, Ppp. 145-153. (Hawaii, Cryptotermes termes arquieri nest, description, figure. brevis, laboratory studies in termitaries of Social regulation, superorganism. birch tongue blades, colony growth slow, Nuttine, W. L., 1965, pp. 113-125. (Arizona, no soldiers produced first year, survival ai Zootermopsis laticeps, habits, distribu- primary reproductives paired for differ- tion flights June to early August, nests in ent intervals up to 12 months varied trees, enters through wounds, cockroach from 50% to 85%. Supplementary re- and syrphid larvae in nests.) productives superior to primaries in egg 1965a, pp. 1-5. (U.S., Southwest, and production. Mixed pairs of primary and northern Mexico, 28 species three-fourths supplementary reproductives produced of total native termites occur, generally young. Primary females differ from sup- no more than 6 economically important, plementary in tendency to suspend egg in any area, but 13 for whole region; production following an initial egg lay- discusses types; habits of 7 species, includ- ing period.) ing flights, size colonies.) Martinez, J. B., 1963, pp. 1-30. (Spain, (Caste in ants, Peninsula, Balearic, and Canary Isles, Pickens, A. L., 1962, p. IoT. habits Reticulitermes lucifugus, Peninsula, bees, and termites, abstr.) Balearic Isles; Cryptotermes brevis, PLaTEAUX-QuENnvu, C., 1961, pp. 178-185. (Re- Canary Islands.) placement sexuals in the social insects, Matuor, R. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1962, imaginal in primitive and_ specialized pp. 1-18. (India, Dehra Dun, notes on termites, neoteinic derived from nymphs, habits and biology termites.) from workers, number of neoteinics, Mrter, E. M., 1964, pp. 1-36. (General sum- importance.) mary biology, with special reference to Rirter, H., 1964, pp. 1459-1460. (Defense of 10 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 mate and mating chamber in a wood veloped from workers after a period of roach [Cryptocercus punctulatus].) 3 months.) Roonwat, M. L., and CuHotant, O. B., 1963, SHELL CHEMIcAL Co., 1962, p. 62. (US., pp. 975-976. (India, Odontotermes obesus photograph of a shelter tube 15% inches royal chamber with four queens and two from ground to floor joists.) kings, dealated, queens laying in pairs— SHIMIZU, K., 1962, pp. 105-110. (Japan, Copto- one pair lying north-south the other west- termes formosanus, vitality of colonies southeast, with the heads facing in op- | vary in field, factors: body weight work- posite directions, small mounds, 52- ers; greater the ratio of the younger indi- 62 mm. in length queens, record of viduals to workers with 14 antennal seg- more than one king and queen in colony ments, the more vigorous the colony; listed.) ratio of larvae.) Rozanov, B. C., 1963, pp. 63-67. (Burma, Stwon, H., 1962, pp. 7-119. (Habits, nests, tropical, habits and behavior termites.) damage, illustrated.) Sanps, W. A., 1961a, pp. 277-288. (West SmitH, M. V., 1963, pp. 7-11. (Complex be- Africa, foraging behavior and feeding havior ants, bees, wasps, and termites, so- habits five species Trinervitermes, two cial insects and caste system.) groups, those which store grass fragments SmyTHE, R. V., and Copper, H. C., 1964, pp. in mounds, and those which do not, list 133-135. (Laboratory studies on relation- of grasses used in experiment.) ships Reticulitermes flavipes and ants in 1965a, pp. 117-129. (Nigeria, West Africa, Wisconsin.) the development and dispersal of alates, Snoporass, R. E., 1961, pp. 425-445. (Ter- and subsequent development new colo- mites, pp. 430-432, general, ectohormone nies of five species Trinervitermes in as regulatory agent for colony.) laboratory cultures show differences be- Snyper, T. E., 1963b, pp. 175-179. (U'S., east- tween species that can be related to ern states, Reticulitermes spp., manner their distribution and environmental re- founding new colonies by supplementary quirements. ) reproductives not known. In spring large Scott, K., 1964, p. 23. (U.S., California, At- numbers are present before the annual water District, Los Angeles, infestation colonizing flight or swarm of the winged attic by Kalotermes in several places spac- adults. These disappear just before or ing gap bridged by pellets attached to at the time of the flight from the colony. one another by an adhesive forming a Are they killed by the workers as being ball about the size of an elliptical base- unnecessary in the parent colony where ball. Through these masses the termites reproductives are already present? Or, traveled from timber to timber, through impelled by the same stimuli as the voids, an uncommon occurrence.) winged, do they migrate—with or with- Semepo, C. M. B., 1961, p. 105. (Portugal, out workers—by subterranean galleries to Leucotermes (Reticulitermes) lucifugus, form new colonies?) morphology adult worker, habits, hab- 1965, pp. 497-506. (Recent research, mostly itats.) in the United States, summarized.) Sen-SarMA, P. K., 1962, pp. 292-297. (India, Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, pp. Dehra Dun, Odontotermes assmuthi, 63-77. (Philippines, habits, and habitats, colony foundation in the laboratory in emergence dates term:tes.) glass jars with semul sawdust with 85% Swan, L. A., 1964, pp. 4, 97, 240. (Popula- relative humidity and temperature of tion colonies South American termite 28°C. Nesting site selected by females. three million. Queen fungus-feeding Eggs laid after 6-9 days of swarming, tropical termites may live as long as 50 number of first batch 100-300. Second years. Queen some Australian termites batch laid on 4th day after hatching lay 360 eggs an hour, or 3 million in first batch, laying thereafter continuous. course of a year—for 25 to 50 years. Ants Incubation period 40-42 days. In hatch- important check on termites in tropics. ing parental care of eggs essential. In Madras, myrmicine ants used to pro- Parthenogenesis not observed.) tect structural timbers in warehouses. Sen-Sarma, P. K., and Cuatreryez, P. N., Species of dolichoderine ant occupy 80% 1965, pp. 9-11. (India, Heterotermes of nests of common species of termites indicola founding new colonies in labora- in South Queensland, Australia. Ter- tory through substitute reproductives de- mites important scavengers in tropics. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER II In South Africa termites function like to questions when addressing 13th Ann. temperate earthworms.) Cal. Poly. Pest Control Conference, Po- Tane, C., and Li, S., 1960, pp. 302-306. mona, Calif., Dec. 3-4, 1965.) (Coptotermes formosanus and Reticult- Wenpt, H., 1965, pp. 185-192. (Summary termes flaviceps, types of reproductive studies of authors, flight not nuptial, rate forms in these subterranean termites in of egg laying.) Hangchow, China, macropterous, bra- WiccLeswortH, V. B., 1964, pp. 71, 86, 87, chypterous, and apterous, latter two 100, 117, 120, 135, 156, 239-240, 244, 245, polygamous, as many as 50 brachypterous 247, 309, 310. (Symbiont protozoa, p. 71; queens in one colony.) growth and metamorphosis, pp. 86-87; Urqunart, F. A., 1965, pp. 69-72. (Habits, polymorphism, p. 100; egg-laying ca- damage, castes, nests, rate egg laying, pacity, p. 117; termitophiles, p. 120; detection, spread, transportation.) color, p. 135; defense: mandibular, ejec- U.S. Dept. AcricutturE, PLANT Pest Con- tion secretions, p. 150; relation to cock- TRoL Drv., 1963n, p. 1416. (Hawaii, roaches, pp. 239-240; control of castes by Coptotermes formosanus subterranean pheromones, pp. 244-246; nests, popula- termite queen found Dec. 2 by D. Yara. tion, p. 247; castes, biology, p. 309; Carton nest of 2 cubic feet material in longevity, p. 310.) false bottom of closet on concrete slab Witkinson, W., 1962, pp. 265-286. (West near bathroom, no tunneling to ground. Africa, Nigeria, Cryptotermes havilandi, Hundreds of soldiers and small nymphs establishment new colonies, dealates seek present, no eggs, thousands of workers. hole or crack which is sealed with ma- H. B. Bess.) terial from gut, holes between 1.5 and Uruaisitp, C., 1962, pp. 417-422. (Thailand, 3 mm. in diameter; rate egg production, life history termites that live in ground, incubation period, and duration first make mounds, queen could produce three instars recorded. Egg production 6,000-7,000 eggs a day. Colony built by by physogastric queen could maintain a couple of termite workers after leaving populations in excess of 3000, neoteinics old colony. One becomes queen and in first year have much greater fecundity reproduces rapidly, mating with a group than primary queens.) of nonworking males, other groups re- 1963, pp. 269-275. (Port Harcourt, Nigeria, main sterile and become workers and Cryptotermes havilandi, causes serious soldiers.) damage to buildings on West Coast Weesner, F. M., 1965, pp. 1-71. (U.S., a hand- tropical Africa, Daily observations of book, all Nearctic termites, classification, number alates flying, seasonal variation structure, behavior, biology, flight dates and diurnal pattern flight made over regionally Reticulitermes spp. indoors, period 13 months. Method colony foun- introduction, keys for identifications, dation, rate egg laying, incubation period, illustr.) progress early instars described. Methods 1966, pp. 19-20, 53-56. (Western U.S., ex- by which infestations are spread dis- cerpts from 1965 handbook and answers cussed.) BUILDING CODES AnonyMous, 1962h, pp. 16-17. (U.S., South- in 1960 building code bodies began to ern Building Code Congress and Build- accept fire retardant pressure-treated ing Officials Conference of America have wood (FRTW) as a safe and desirable approved Bruce-Terminix $5000 Protec- material in construction. The annual tion Contract, renewable annually, annual production has increased from 12,600,000 reinspection, necessary free treating and to 22,120,000 feet board measure. It will repair all new termite damage to struc- not allow fire to spread, it is identified ture or contents up to $500. Such pre- by label, quality controls maintained. treatment an equivalent to metal shields Been successfully used for 50 years, be- or pressure-treated lumber. More than ginning in New York. Preferential rates 1500 cities and towns adhere to these granted for FRTW by insurance compa- two building codes.) nies. Baxco-Pyresote a __ well-tested SunpLot, W. A., 1964, pp. 11-15, 17-18. (US., product.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 CASTE DETERMINATION Gay, F. J., 1961, Laboratory studies, p. 38. ecdyson, the hormone of the prothoracic In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. Res. glands.) Org., Div. Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. Rept. 1963a, pp. 1-11. (Europe, Kalotermes flavi- (Australia, small-scale laboratory colonies collis, production replacement reproduc- of Nasutitermes exitiosus with an initial tives regulated by two sex-specific in- population of 4 g. are being used in an hibitory pheromones given off by the attempt to develop a bioassay method for sexual pair and in part by a stimulating use in assessing the activity of “soldier- pheromone given off by male reproduc- inhibitor” materials in connection with tives. There are probably three phero- caste-determination studies.) mones, endohormones may act directly Jucct, C., 1963, pp. 73-97. (Caste differentia- or in modified form as pheromones.) tion effected through the mediation of Ruppwi, E., and Ltscuer, M., 1964, pp. 626- an endocrine system. The adoption of a 632. (Europe, Kalotermes flavicollis, the system of ectohormones or pheromones elimination of supernumerary replace- could represent a kind of pharmaceutics ment reproductive is initiated by fighting. of endocrine organs, elaborated in the When one reproductive is injured it is course of evolution of social insects in abandoned by its aggressor and becomes order to achieve a better regulation of a victim of cannibalism by larvae and social equilibrium. The ectohormones nymphs.) could, at least in part, derive in metabo- SHimizu, K., 1963, pp. 207-213. (Japan, lism from endohormones. These meta- emergence of soldiers and supplementary bolic products, being excreted by various reproductives of the Japanese termite parts of the organism of royal individuals Leucotermes (Reticulitermes) speratus (and others) would be utilized as social (Kolbe), the emergence ratio of soldiers hormones, for the homeostatic regula- increases with the number of larvae plus tion of social behavior and organization.) workers in colonies and a certain num- Lesrun, D., 1964, pp. 4152-4155. (France, ber of larvae plus workers is needed for Calotermes flavicollis, the role of the the initiation of soldier differentiation. corpora allata in caste formation.) Supplementary reproductives can develop Liscuer, M., 1963, pp. 244-250. (Europe, either from larvae-workers or nymphs Kalotermes flavicollis, function of corpora but most frequently from nymphs com- allata crucial in caste determination, dif- bined with considerable numbers of ferent hormones secreted by different workers. Caste differentiation is easily castes. Corpora allata hormones are true influenced by the composition of mem- differentiation hormones, rather than bers in the colonies.) CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Becker, G., and SeiFrert, K., 1962, pp. 273- an average ash content of 80%. The re- 289. (Materials used by 21 termite species lation between lignin and carbohydrates for nests and galleries, and dry fungus in gallery material is connected with ash combs of 3 further species were ana- content. Coptotermes species produces lytically examined as to their contents deposits in wood, the mineral portion of of ash, lignin, and carbohydrates. Carton which is below 10%; also the galleries nests of Nasutitermes, Microcerotermes, may contain about 20% of ash only. and Termes species had an ash content Galleries of Nasutitermes species partly of between 3% and 25% which varied have an ash content less than 10%, partly with the distance between nest and soil. a considerably higher one. The lignin With Kalotermitidae and Termopsidae portion in faeces and ash-free material the gallery material consists almost ex- of nests and galleries of Kalotermitidae clusively of faeces. Heterotermes builds and Rhinotermitidae is 65% to 69% or galleries with a mineral content of only less, if pine is food, slightly lower if 4% to 17% (like an ash content of 8% hardwood, the lowest about 40%. With in the deposits in their tunnels) as well Kalotermes flavicollis the lignin content as others containing about 85% of ash. after consumption of different hardwood Galleries of Reticulitermes species showed species varied between 57% and 44%, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 13 the relation of lignin content in pellets bases the organic matter in the upper and consumed wood between 2.4:1 and part was much greater than in the 1.6:1, The preferred wood species had lower part (50.5% to 36.9% and 40.5% the highest coefficient. Apparently repre- to 28.5%) and much greater than in the sentatives of different termite families soil nearby; the nest contained the most effect equal degrees of decay in wood.) organic matter. It is evident that the Bano, Z., AHMED, R., and Surivastava, H. C., termites use the materials near by to 1964, pp. 380-381. (Seventeen amino construct the termite earth.) acids have been identified in the proteins SEIFERT, K., and Becker, G., 1965, pp. 105- of the edible mushrooms Lepiota sp. and 111. (Chemical decomposition of broad- Termitomyces sp. The protein from the leaved and coniferous wood species by former contains a high percentage of different termites. The relative loss of leucine (8.9) and isoleucine (9.2), cellulose amounted to an average of 85% whereas that from Termitomyces sp. con- with Kalotermes species; average 86% tains a high percentage of histidine (6.5) with Heterotermes; average 97% with and arginine (8.5).) Reticulitermes; average 94% with Nasuti- Durperron, P., Htcer, M. F., Srpat, Z., and termes. Relative loss lignin with Kalo- Barsier, M., 1964, pp. 257-262. (France, termes flavicollis average 19%; with Calotermes flavicollis, cholesterol is the Heterotermes indicola 29%; with Re- principal sterol of this termite as deter- ticulitermes santonensis 77%; with mined by a mass spectrometer.) Nasutitermes ephratae 46%. Relatively Fuyu, N., 1964, pp. 213-216. (Free amino largest decomposition cellulose and small- acids in Coptotermes formosanus.) est lignin found in pine. With elm Fuyu, N., Secawa, M., Ocutar, N., and loss cellulose lowest; with poplar loss SHmizu, K., 1962, pp. 7-11. (Free amino lignin highest; with beech in case of K. acids in Coptotermes formosanus.) flavicollis decomposition of lignin extra- Nakajima, S., SHimizu, K., and Nakajima, ordinarily poor. The utilization of food, Y., 1962, pp. 59-74. (Japan, Coptotermes with the aid of microorganisms, is by far formosanus, analyses of termite earth more intensive with termites than with and runways, in runways on concrete other wood-destroying insects.) COMMUNICATION Frinecs, H., and Frines, M., 1964, pp. 1-211. trail. C.O.M. solely means arousing other (Animal communication, in termites termites. “Longitudinal oscillatory move- alarm scents, rasping sounds, or sounds ment” a simple reflex response to a rela- by tapping body against nest, or by tively low-level stimulus to antennal stridulatory ridges on body.) sensilla.) Howse, P. E., 1963, pp. 258-267. (Zoo- Stuart, A. M., 1963a, pp. 85-96. (Communica- termopsis angusticollis, evolution of the tion of alarm in Zootermopsis nevadensis, production of vibrations as a communi- sound plays no primary role, nor does cation means among termites.) glandular secretion, rather mechanical 1963a, pp. 256-268. (Zootermopsis angusti- contact, directional vector by trail laid collis, several types of vibration move- from point of disturbance to main area ment or jerking behavior by individual nest.) termites recognized each occurring under Witson, E. O., 1965, pp. 1064-1071. (Sum- different conditions of stimulation. Main mary: pheromone systems have reached behavior pattern giving rise to sub- their highest evolutionary development stratum vibration and usually audible in the social insects, most communica- sound which has been recorded.) tion is chemical, a chemical signal is a 1965, pp. 314-315. (Zootermopsis angusti- pheromone, which may be olfactory or collis, subgenual organ registers particu- oral according to the site of reception. lar pattern of sounds, associated jerking Pheromones have the central role in the movement, “vertical oscillatory move- organization of insect societies. There ment,” V.O.M. In “complex oscillatory are nine categories of responses: alarm, movement,” C.O.M. body movement attraction, recruitment, grooming (in- with no sounds, after laying of an odor cluding assistance at moulting), exchange 325-491 O - 68 - 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 of oral and anal liquid, exchange of solid the endocrine system. The proportion of food particles, facilitation, recognition orphaned pseudergates that change into (of both nest mates and members of replacement reproductives shows a nega- various castes), and caste determination tive correlation with the volume of the either by inhibition or stimulation. Alarm corpora allata, while soldiers can be pro- is often synonymous with recruitment. duced experimentally from pseudergates In lower termites odor trails laid to by implantation of the corpora allata of breaks in nest wall, recruited workers reproductives. It is likely that patterns assist in repelling invaders and repairing of caste control vary greatly within the breaks. In higher termites which forage termites. Pheromones have been demon- trails used to recruit workers to new strated in primitive genera. In the higher food sources. Number alarm substances Termitidae, reproductives can be derived greater than all other pheromones, many only from nymphs. A true worker caste are volatile, chemical identity discussed. exists which lacks the potential for caste In termites there is a remarkably complex alteration. Pheromones studied are those and precise pheromonal caste control. In ingested to influence caste and those Kalotermes flavicollis (Fab.) the key that are transmitted in volatile form caste is the pseudergate, which is capa- through the air to attract or alarm. ble, when the inhibitory pheromones are “Surface pheromones” such as colony removed of transforming into a soldier odors are of fundamental importance but or one of the two reproductive castes. extremely difficult to study, they need The pheromones act by interfering with further research.) CONTROL ALLEN, T. C., EsentHer, G. R., and SHENE- 1961c, p. 40. (U.S., consistent, realistic FELT, R. D., 1961, pp. 1055-1056. (U.S., certification form important for termite Sheboygan, Wisconsin, dieldrin incorpo- clearance report, chart with areas in- rated into concrete mixtures, a wettable spected and those not, helpful, charge powder containing 75% was added lead- should be made.) ing to a concentration of 0.1 to 1.6%. 1962, pp. 24, 26. (U.S. Veterans Administra- One week after fabrication the block tion require professional termite inspec- surfaces caused 100% mortality to R. tion before approving loans. There is flavipes workers exposed for only 1 indication that regional offices must de- minute. Exposures of nasutes and work- termine information that must be in- ers of Nasutitermes columbicus for 10 cluded in the report. The extent of the minutes killed 100% of the termites. liability of the operator is not clear.) Following a storage period of 4 months 1962b, pp. 142-147. (U.S., infestation build- at 80°F. and 97% relative humidity ings by three basic routes: wood in con- blocks containing 1.6% dieldrin were tact with the ground, cracks in concrete still toxic to all termites, whereas blocks slabs or foundations, shelter-tubes; rea- with 1.0% did not kill the termites after sons for increase in damage due to milder 30 minutes exposure.) winters in north, more land is cleared, AMANTE,E. , 1962, pp. 133-138. (Brazil, less food, more slab or low foundation Cornitermes cumulans, insecticides as construction, attached patios, decks, emulsions or dusts applied through hole breezeways and garages, sapwood now in top nest by iron bar to reach center. used more susceptible than heartwood, After 95 days the best results were with better central heating plants. Protection Telodrin EC 15%; Aldrex 4 EC, 40%; by: sound construction, shields (now in Endrex 20 EC, 20%; Shell DD.) disrepute), soil poisoning, pressure ANoNyMous, 1960, p. 109. (Malaya, Rubber treated or naturally toxic, resistant Research Inst.) woods.) 1960a, pp. 37-38. (Australia, Canberra, 1962c, pp. 68-74. (U.S., discussions at wood preservation by dip diffusion.) Purdue’s P.C.O. conference: Dr. A. E. 1961, pp. 1-9. (Italy, damage and control, Emerson (Univ. Chicago): termites abil- 1952-1960, list publications.) ity to regulate temperature and humidity 1961a, pp. 46, 48. (U.S., down and hori- complicate control, parthenogenesis not zontal drilling compared, down drilling, important. D. H. Percival (Univ. Illinois) : low pressure favored, table pressures.) builders not preparing for future termite NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 15 attack, leaving access and wood debris. slabs, chemical run off; sources of infesta- L. J. Berzai, an Indiana operator, drills tion cellulose waste, tree stumps, faulty rock foundations at a mortar joint, using drainage. Trench 3 feet deep around gravity flow; for brick veneer where perimeter foundation, drill and inject the sill plate is on the foundation, the chemical through side foundation about plate is drilled allowing the chemical 2 inches below bottom gravel fill, apply to flow down between the bricks; if there chemical under low pressure, slow is a central hollow brick supporting pier percolation. Infestation in fill-porches drill and treat inside voids; if three hori- treated in same manner.) zontal layers of brick, drill from both 1962q, pp. 40. 42. (U.S., National Pest sides, drill holes spaced every 18 inches. Control Assocn, suggested a certification I, Hatfield, (wood Treating Chemicals statement which might be a standard Co.) described how to formulate desired inspection form for the VA and FHA: concentration of insecticide; to determine “We have inspected the designated struc- dilution ratio subtract the percent of ac- ture on the property at (address) and tive ingredient desired from the percent have found no visible evidence of ter- of active ingredient in the concentrate mite damage and no visible structural and divide by percent of active ingredient damage from termite attack. This certi- desired. Then multiply by the number fication is warranted for days.’’) which results when the weight of the 1962r, pp. 42, 44. (U.S., NPCA recom- concentrate per gallon is divided by the mends commercial warranties for com- weight of solvent per gallon, the final mercial establishments and suggests in- figure is the number of gallons of solvent surance companies be approached.) required. N. R. Ehmann (N. A. Maclean 1963a, pp. 9-10, 12, 16. (U.S., Pest Con- Co.) discussed fumigation to control trol’s survey in 50 states showed that termites with methyl bromide, use of there was no standard acceptable state- Halide lamp, remove all live objects, pro- ment accredited by every VA and FHA tect plants with water barrier, extinguish office across the country. Guarantees, all open flames, turn off gas at meter, inspection forms, and warranties are still pipes should be bled of any remaining open to industry discussion before a na- gas, objects with free sulfur molecules, tionwide agreement on the use of war- such as foam rubber, should be removed, ranties can be reached.) post warning signs, use Fumiscope to THOSE, PDs 72, Te 70, zon (is, cost ine measure concentration at three levels, spection $7.77, operator should charge. use proper tarps, wet down porous sand Three types inspection: (1) “estimate,” under area, temperature should be where infestation known, (2) “routine,” above 65°F. J. Kahn (Vogel-Ritt) to determine no wood-destroying insects discussed control of subterranean termites present, (3) “certificate,” change of own- by fumigation with ethylene dibromide, ership, condition of sale, liability justifies EDB 15% solution in base oil applied charge for inspection. Fixed water vapor at I quart per 25 square foot of slab and termite barriers installed at construc- area, effect of soil moisture on EDB tion time prior to pouring concrete slabs, movement most important factor in dis- three kinds: asphalt emulsion with toxi- persion gas. G. Klepser (Dow Chemical cant, sprayed on soil surface; film of Co.) stated sulfuryl fluoride, Vikane been successful in fumigation drywood ter- plastic coated on one side with water- mites in Florida and California success- soluble paste containing a toxicant, which ful, no odor problem, penetration su- moves into soil when water table rises; perior to methyl bromide, ovicidal action polyethylene-backed, paper felt with a poor, food clearances not yet granted, toxicant, fungicide, and oil impregnated may be used later under slabs, special in the material.) detector necessary for Vikane.) 1963f, pp. 74-80, 80-82, 87-89. (U.S., pest 1962f, pp. 64-70. (U.S., P.C.O. equipment control equipment directory 1963, termite directory for termite control 1962.) control, pp. 74-80; fumigation, pp. 80-82; 19620, pp. 80, 82. (U.S., (based on unpub- safety pp. 87-89.) lished information from the late A. 1963g, pp. 92, 94-96. (U.S., flower box Zimmern) no uniform treatment of fill retaining walls have no bottoms, soil can be accomplished by drilling concrete piled high in them source of infestation, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 earth kept moist, difficult to drill, water- 80. U.S., equipment directory pest con- ing soil leaches chemical.) trol 1964, itemized list products, suppliers 1963k, pp. 50, 52, 54-55. (U.S., wood em- and addresses.) bedded in concrete can introduce ter- 1964n, pp. 108-109. (U.S., modern methods mites into a dwelling, it must be located, of control, detection, ways of infesta- removed, or treated, have hidden con- tion, annual inspection, retreatment, re- tact with soil. Cases cited, where hidden placement damage up to $5,000 excellent wood disguised, remedies detailed, more protection, racketeers. ) difficult in slab house.) 1964q, p. 70. (U.S., new inspection re- 1963m, pp. 40, 42-43. (U.S., hazards of quirements for VA _ termite report control in crawl spaces, TOs should pro- broadens statement to include all wood- ceed with caution. Low clearance, nails, destroying infestations, and that damage broken glass, creeping eruption in south, has been corrected.) steam pipes, electricity, faulty grounds, 1964u, p. 11. (U.S., California, the average dust. Protect by wearing helmet, heavy number of complaints filed with the gloves, spray, where dog waste, to kill Structural Pest Control Board against hookworm nematodes, with 1 ounce each licensee in the fiscal year 1961/1962 salicylic acid in 5 ounce alcohol, insulate was 0.91; for 1962/1963, 1.15; and for against damp soil, wear protective mask.) 1963/1964, 1.05. 5.6% of our licensees 1963n, pp. 68, 70, 72 and 74. (U.S., ventila- had five or more complaints filed against tion and decay control may help prevent them, 2.4% had four, 3.5% had three, termite infestation, control moisture by 9.2% had two, 24.4% had one, 54.9% use of ventilators and vapor barriers, use had none. 88.5% of the licensees had wood preservatives. ) fewer than three complaints filed against 19630, pp. 42, 46. (U.S., special skills and them. This 88.5% account for only 31% equipment needed, knowledge of type of of the total number of complaints filed. construction, special control techniques, Therefore 11.5% of the licensees account experience. ) for 69% of the total complaints filed. 1963q, pp. 35-44k. (U.S., chemicals in A larger company does not have more subterranean termite control revised, for complaints or a small company fewer.) approved reference procedures for sub- 1964x, pp. 28, 30, 32. (Worldwide picture terranean termite control, Nat. Pest Con- termite control, G. Hutton, U.S. Navy, trol Assoc., 1951. A number of chemicals stated drywood termites more formidable formerly recommended as soil poisons re- in tropical areas, pretreatment is most eco- placed by those more effective, described nomical for subterranean termites. Con- in detail, pp. 35-44, certain other chemi- trol work where possible done by P.C.O.s. cals for special uses described. List of Phil Hadlington, Forest Entomologist of chemical wood preservatives and their New South Wales, stated prevention is proper uses, p. 44. Precautions, toxicity, by use of soil poisons, eradication by fire hazard, odors, property damage, blowing arsenical dusts into their tubes application equipment, termite control and galleries. V. Smith, U.S. Forest chemicals, pp. 44-44k.) Service, stated so far tests of granular 1964e, pp. 13-14, 16, 18. (U.S., termite termiticides show the same results as truck inventory of equipment for control emulsions.) listed, Job preparation, chemical treat- 1965, Ppp: 5, 7; 9; 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22-23: ment, structural repair, job cleanup, (U.S., 1965, National buyers guide for worker protection, equipment repair all pressure preserved wood products, list need special equipment.) companies and addresses.) 1964f, pp. 48, 50, 54. (U.S., tips on more 1965a, pp. 18-19, 22, 25, 50. (U.S., Pest aggressive selling of termite pretreat con- Control survey, industry successful, free tracts, advertising, personal contacts with inspections, price cutting bad, service builders, well-equipped truck, neat serv- only product for sale, public must realize, icemen, color added to chemical.) business methods improving. Shields are 19641, pp. 59-60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 79, 725 75-76, no longer recommended, use soil-testing 78. (U.S., directory of pesticides; pp. 78, kits, greater acceptance by public of in- 80, 82, list and address suppliers.) dustry, pretreatment will increase. Na- 1964m, pp. 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50-51, tional Pest Control Association help to 5455, 58, 60-62, 64, 66-68, 79; 725 74; 76- industry, chlorinated hydrocarbons per- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 7) sistent soil poisons, equipment will be industry. Scents preferred are quality streamlined. ) fragrances.) 1965c, pp. 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 99-100, 1966c, pp. 53-74. (U.S., Pest Control’s 1966 102. (U.S., Purdue Univ. 1965 confer- directory of pesticides: pp. 53-65, in- ence gave P.C.O.s technical information secticides; pp. 65-68, fumigants; pp. 68- on bird, rodent, and carpenter ant con- 69, rodenticides; pp. 69-70, miticides; p. trol, flies, and dermestids. Roach re- 70, avicides, pp. 70-72, repellents; pp. sistance and new chemicals for control 72-74, masking agents.) were discussed. Better training, improve- 1966d, pp. 86-92. (U.S., Nat. Acad. Sci. ment of business methods were important public symposium on scientific aspects subjects. On termites, Dr. F. M. Weesner of pest control, participants Government is studying swarming habits of termites officials, prominent scientists. Academy’s in connection with control. She gave neutral approach shows expert opinion some biological notes. A symposium no longer weighted against use of chemi- was held on rodding to replace trenching cal pest controls if applied carefully. E. P. in using soil poisons. Use of rods on slab- Lichtenstein listed 10 most important on-grade houses was described in detail.) factors that influence persistence insecti- 1965d, pp. 60-62, 65, 68, 70, 72-76, 78, 80-82, cides in soil: soil type, moisture, tempera- 84, 85-87. (U.S., directory of pesticides, ture; wind or air movement; cover crops; insecticides, fumigants, rodenticides, miti- soil cultivation; mode application in- cides, insect repellents, bird control secticide to soil; formulation; and soil products, bird repellents, animal repel- microorganisms. Chlorinated hydrocar- lents, suppliers and addresses.) bon group more persistent than organo- phosphorous.) 1965¢, pp. 32, 36, 38, 40, 42-44, 46, 48, 51-52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64-65, 66, 68, 70, 72. 1966g, pp. 48, 50, 52. (U.S., FHA revised (U.S., 1965 equipment directory, alpha- standards for use of soil poisons near betically listed for all types of control, independent water systems, paragraphs with a list of suppliers and addresses.) 815-2.5, a to e, 1102-3.5. Treatment, ap- 1965g, pp. 60A and 60B. (U.S., revision plication, guarantee, minimum distance Natl. Pest Control Assoc’s. approved ref- between wells and sources of pollution, erence procedures for termite control, ref- exceptions.) erence standards for preconstruction soil 19661, pp. 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, treatment. Toxicants and concentrations, 40, 42, 45-46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, for slab-on-ground construction, crawl 62, 64, 66. (U.S., Pest Control’s 1966 space and basement construction.) equipment directory, materials, equip- 1965h, pp. 8-1 to 8-19. (U.S., Army, Navy, ment for control various insects and and Air Force Military Entomology rodents, listing suppliers with addresses.) Operational Handbook, Chapter 8, Ter- ARMED Forces Pest Controt Boarp, 1963, mites, revision Army Technical Manual, pp. 1-14. (U.S., shields obsolete, soil TMs5-632 Feb. 1956. Description of types poisons, impregnated wood recom- castes, habits, damage, inspection form, mended. Soil poisons BHC and chlori- construction faults, prevention of infesta- nated hydrocarbons, including hepta- tion by subterranean termites by mechani- chlor. Dosages given water emulsions cal and chemical methods, revision list preferable.) soil poisons: chlordane 1%, dieldrin Beverze, O. K., 1961, pp. 150, 152. (Austria, 0.5%, aldrin 0.5%, heptachlor 0.5%, contact insecticides in soil, mixing with earth removed to depth 4% feet, then water emulsions, dosages for various replaced, drilling wood.) types buildings; control drywood termites Buatnacar, S. P., 1962, p. 223. (India, by screening, sanitation, injection chemi- Rajasthan, during 1958-1959 termites cals, wood preservation, fumigation.) caused considerable losses through at- 1966, pp. 13-15. (U.S., masking agents tacks on germinating cotton seeds and and perfumes are most often oil soluble; young crops under unirrigated condi- 54% of P.C.O.s who returned survey tions. Sevin at 10 or 15 pounds per acre forms sent by Pest Control used masking applied before sowing gave higher yields agents in indoor insecticide sprays; fa- and less damage.) miliar aromas preferred by 27% of Binpra, O. S., 1961, pp. 277-282. (India, customers. Lemon or citrus choice of North West Madhya Pradesh, DDT and SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 BHC 50% wettable powder, chlordane censes, renewals, inspection reports, com- 75% emulsifiable concentrate, toxaphene plaints, investigations, actions.) 25% E. C., dieldrin 18% E. C. each at 1962a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, com- 2 ounce and aldrin 40% E. C. at 1 ounce plete report from governor July 1961, per nest dissolved in ro gallons water 1962, total to end month fiscal year and poured into nests destroyed colonies 1961-1962, 1962-1963 as for June.) at a cost cheaper than digging out nests. 1963, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report Mixing 5% aldrin dust with wheat seed rom governor November 1961, 1962, just before sowing at the rate of 20-40 total to end month fiscal year 1961-1962, pounds gives protection crops and higher 1962-1963.) yield.) 1963a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report Bonaventura, G., 1961, pp. 237-254. (Italy, from governor April 1962, 1963, total to Inst. Pathology of Books and Termite end month fiscal year 1961-1962, 1962- Control in Italy (Rome), government act 1963.) since 1952 permits government to con- 1963b, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report duct scientific research, antitermite pro- rom governor July 1962, 1963, total to tection and disinfestation. The chief con- end month fiscal year 1962-1963, 1963- trol measures and expenses on_ the 1964.) premises of State and Notarial Archives, 1964, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report Libraries and National Monuments are from governor November 1962, 1963, listed.) total to end month fiscal year 1962- 1963, pp. 9-19. (Government act since 1952 1963, 1963-1964.) made it possible to fight termites in Italy 1964a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, repor officially; description criteria followed by from governor January 1963-1964, total to “Commissione Interministeriale per la end month fiscal year 1962-1963, 1963- lotta Antitermitica”; scientific and field 1964.) research.) 1964b, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California, report Brown, K. W., 1962, pp. 1-18. (Uganda, ter- from governor April 1963-1964, total to mite control in Eucalyptus plantations.) end month fiscal year 1962-1963, 1963- BrownsTEIN, P. N., 1962, pp. 9, 11, 12. (U.S., 1964.) acceptable statement for a termite report 1964c, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, report to the Veterans Administration is: “On rom governor September 1963-1964, this date I have made a thorough in- total to end month fiscal year 1963-1964, spection of these premises, and there was 1964-1965.) no visible evidence of termite infestation 1965, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report or damage.” A simple, practical inspec- from governor November 1963-1964, total tion form should be provided. Inspec- to end month fiscal year 1963-1964, 1964- tions should be made by professional 1965.) P.C.O. Accuracy will determine con- 1965a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report tinued employment.) from governor January 1964-1965, total Bruce, E. L. Co., INc., 1963, pp. 1-2. (US., to end month fiscal year 1963-1964, 1964- in remodeling plans include termite con- 1965.) trol, pretreatment far less costly, methods 1965b, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, report infestation described and _ illustrated; from governor March 1964-1965, total to through wood in direct contact with end month fiscal year 1963-1964, 1964- ground; through cracks in slab founda- 1965.) tions and piers; through shelter tubes 1965c, pp. 10, 12-13. (U.S., California re- over materials they cannot penetrate. port from governor July 1964-1965, total Control; sanitation, drainage, pretreat- to end month fiscal year 1964-1965, 1965- ment by licensed termite control operator 1966.) by soil poisoning. Cross ventilation and 1965d, p. 10. (U.S., California, informa- the use of a polyethylene waterproof tional letter, September 2 from January 1 membrane are recommended.) through June 30, 1965, there were filed CaLiForRNIA STRUCTURAL Pest Contror Boarp, with the Structural Pest Control Bd., 1962, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, com- 82,140 notices of work completed at a plete report from governor June 1961, total cost of $14,453,048, average cost per 1962, total to end month fiscal year job $172.00. The lowest price was $25, 1960-1961, 1961-1962, applications, — li- highest $2,350.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 19 1965e, pp. 20-21. (U.S., California, report Conner, F. B., 1965, pp. 28, 32, 34. (District from governor September 1964-1965, total of Columbia, Marumsco, successful pre- to end month fiscal year 1964-1965, 1965- treatment 9000 homes of three types with 1966.) chlordane soil poison described and il- 1966, p. 65. (U.S. California report from lustrated, 5-year guarantee to protect governor December 1964-1965, total to buyer.) end month fiscal year 1964-1965, 1965- Cruz, B. P. B., Ficueirrepo, M. B., and 1966.) ALMEIDA, E., 1962, pp. 189-195. (Brazil, Cancienng, E. A., 1961, pp. 1-8. (U.S, State of Sao Paulo, Syntermes sp. pest Louisiana, guard your home against ter- of peanuts controlled by 2.5% _ hepta- mites.) chlor or 2.5% aldrin dusts at from 13-17 Cuatterji, S., and Sarup, P., 1962, pp. 5-12. kg/ha.) (India, cotton.) Das, G. M., 1962, pp. 229-231. (North-East Cuatterji, S., Sarup, P., and Cuopra, S. C., India, Assam, tea gardens in Darrang 1960, pp. 356-357. (India, cotton crop.) and Cachar districts control of live-wood- Cuawata, D. R., 1965, pp. I1-12. (Termite eating termites Microcerotermes spp. and damage leading to poor crop solved by Odontotermes assamensis, O. parvidens use superphosphate and aldrin.) and O. spp. scavenging termites damage Cuuortant, O. B., 1962, pp. 476-478. (India, to trunks tea bushes. Latter controlled Kalotermes beesoni (now in Bifidi- by introducing DDT, BHC, aldrin and termes) has been recorded infesting apple dieldrin into mounds through holes, fol- and other trees in Pakistan, and is a lowed by pouring down sufficient water, serious pest of Ficus bengalensis in elimination dead and diseased wood and Panjab, India. 38% of alates emerged covering exposed wood with protective on night of July 11/12, 1959, all were paint. Live-wood-eating termites were females. (Fecal pellets are ovoid. controlled by applying aldrin and diel- Cuoupuurt, J. C. B., 1961, p. 125. (India, drin at the rate of 2 pounds active ma- Allahabad, new approaches to applied terial per acre, latter slightly more ef- termitological researches.) fective, as spray or dust to soil. Pre- 1963; pp. 189-192. (India, understanding of treatment by sanitation and use protective termites with special references to agri- paint “indopaste.” Treatment effective culture, forestry, etc., essential.) for 5 years.) Crane B., 1963; pp: 18; 20, 22, 24-0(US., DavietsHina, A. G., 1963, pp. 74-83. Cleveland, Ohio, do-it-yourself owner in- (U.S.S.R., Golodnaya steppe, Anacantho- jured himself unaware of termite damage termes turkestanicus control deep plow- to home. Home treated by Terminix of ing and application of DDT or BHC Cleveland, Ohio, illustrated account of dust, at rate 100 kg/ha, during subse- damage and method of treatment.) quent tramping and rolling land before Crements, W. B., 1963, pp. 54, 56. (U.S., construction. Soil fumigation with NPCA Termite Committee urges pro- ethylene dibromide at rate of 100 g/m”, gram of minimum standards for cor- is proposed to exterminate isolated nests.) rective termite work to secure uniformity Deoras, P. J., 1962, pp. 101-103. (India, Bom- and regulations approved by the in- bay, many mounds Odontotermes neces- dustry.) sary to locate primary colony for control Coaton, W. G. H., 1962c, pp. 318-327. by dusts, suspensions and emulsion in- (Karoo, South Africa, Microhodotermes secticides, treating secondary mounds viator due to unavailability of local sup- not effective. Queen cell located by plies veld hay baiting uneconomic. magnetic compass, parallel to magnetic Where mounding over nest sites occurs, meridian. Heterotermes indicola was applying 24% aldrin emulsifiable con- controlled by spraying building with 2% centrate to the nest by injection at a suspension DDT or BHC.) cost of 2.08 per nest. Where mounding DresneR, E., 1960, pp. 24-25. (South does not occur, sprays of 18.5% dieldrin America.) emulsifiable concentrate sprays applied Dutt, N., 1962, pp. 217-218. (India, control directly to standing vegetation offers Microtermes obesi attacking jute stem, promise from the ground. Probably the 0.4 aldrin surface soil and 1% inches only practical method would be the use below gave 100% mortality 24 hours of aircraft.) after treatment.) 20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Dyes) T.,,.A.;< 2066, sp:. 61.0 (US Tampa; 1966, pp. 1-4. (U.S., Minimum Property Florida, applicants for FHA _ housing Standards for One and Two Living in West Tampa advised no furniture or Units, revision, paragraphs 815-2.5, 815- household furnishings can be moved if it 3.6, 1102-3.4, and 1102-3.5; included are contains drywood termites. Infested provisions for use of individual water furniture should be destroyed and re- supply systems in conjunction with soil- placed or fumigated by a P.C.O. Evi- treatment method, exceptions; and an dence required that furniture is termite- alternate method of application of soil free before occupancy.) treatment, rodding; minimum distance EBELING, W., 1962, 451-454. (U.S., relation too feet from well to soil treatment. of lipid adsorptivity of powders to their Lindane is dropped as a soil poison. The suitability as insecticide diluents, tests soil treatment firm furnishes the home against insects.) owner a guarantee of the effectiveness of EBELING, W., and Pence, R. J., 1965, pp. 1-16. the treatment if infestation found within (U.S., California control western sub- period.) terranean termite; dark, western dry- FerNaAnpo, H. E., 1962, pp. 205-210. (Ceylon, wood termite, revision of 1958 edition.) Kalotermitidae damage tea and rubber; Esetinc, W., and Waener, R. E., 1963, pp. control by injecting paris green in in- 14-17. (U.S., California, Dri-Die 67 fested trees.) fluoridated silica aerogel, of Davison FLoyp, J., 1965, pp. 46, 49, 50. (U.S., Decatur, Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md., applied at Ill., library treated for termites by soil rate I pound per 1000 square feet in attic, drill treatments, then retreat necessitated prevented reinfestation by drywood ter- by discovery of wood construction on mites; applied with electric duster. Dust earth, instead of concrete, hidden behind also recirculated through the walls by a built-in bookcase.) gun. Wall voids treated at time of con- Gato, P., 1961, pp. 214-220. (Italy, “Centro struction practical.) di studi per la lotta antitermitica” studied 1964, pp. 20-22, 24, 26,928, arse (US., toxicity insecticides for 8 years, also California, built-in termite control, pre- alterations brought about in tissues mam- treatment with soil poisons to prevent mals. New method localizing adenosine- attack by subterranean termites and dust- triphosphate (ATP) in muscular tissue ing attics with Dri-Die 67, a fluoridated developed, applicable in investigations silica aerogel to prevent attack by dry- concerning insecticides which interfere wood termites outlined.) with oxidative phosphorylation but also FEDERAL Housinc ADMINISTRATION, 1963, pp. pathology and biochemistry.) 1-500. (U.S., multifamily housing, under 1963, pp. 120-126. (Italy, research work of these standards, soil treatment gets above organization. List of various somewhat greater recognition than under archives and libraries where work on standards for one and two living units. protection of books has been carried on.) Of the two chemical barriers recognized Gay, F, J., 1963b, pp. 47-60. (Australia, 150 it is more economical than the rather ex- species termites known five cause 95% tensive use of pressure-treated wood. In of the damage: Mastotermes darwinien- region 1, very heavy termite infestation, sis, Coptotermes acinaciformis, C. a chemical barrier is required for all frenchi, C. michaelseni and Nasutitermes slab-on-ground construction. In areas of exitiosus. In 1956 the annual loss to moderate to heavy infestation, where poles, cross-arms and cables was 325,000 termite protection is not specifically ex- Australian pounds. In 1961 there were empted by the FHA field office, slab-on- more than 150 pest control firms operat- ground construction must be protected ing in the five main capital cities, more by the use of a chemical barrier or than half dealing with termites. Annual monolithic concrete slab design. Shields expenditures due to termite damage: are not included as acceptable protection A£2,000,000. for slab-on-ground construction. Where Subterranean termites main problem. soil treatment is required, individual Housing authorities require termite-proof water-supply systems are not acceptable. construction, including termite shields Heptachlor has been added to the ac- over foundations, not completely effec- cepted chemicals, _ trichlorobenzene tive, inadequacies in installation. Also dropped.) low subfloor clearance in Perth and NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 21 Adelaide allows Coptotermes to build termite nests due to their complex struc- stalagmite tubes up to subfloor timbers. ture. Shortage limits use naturally resistant Poison baits have not proven to be timbers, eucalypts available locally; effective.) jarrah, red gum, ironbarks, etc., and Guirarov, M. S., 1962, pp. 131-135. (U.S.S.R., noneucalypts: turpentine, brush-box and Turkmenia, " Anacanthoter mes turkestant- cypress pine. cus damages buildings in settlements. Australian preservative plants provide Sleepers in contact with soil are replaced treatments of sawn timbers of a “dip- by ferroconcrete permanent way. Adults diffusion” with water soluble mixtures may be controlled during swarming by of boric acid and sodium fluoride, with aerosols. Antitermite methods of con- or without the addition of sodium arse- struction, as practiced in other countries, nate and dichromate applied to green where termites are injurious are adapt- sawn timber, followed by block stacking able.) for several weeks to allow the preserva- Guose, S. K., 1964, pp. 87-91. (India, in- tive to diffuse into the wood. This was secticidal control of Microtermes sp. dam- a successful and inexpensive method. aging wheat crop.) A termite-proof veneer of karri for Goutpine, R. L., and Every, R. W., 1965, plywood flooring was similarly dip- pp. 376-383. (U.S., Oregon, chemical diffused, Dry salt retention was just un- control termites. ) der 0.3 pounds per cubic foot. A 3.2 Greaves, T., 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia, mixture of zinc chloride and arsenic pent- colonies in trees: Porotermes adamsoni oxide was effective against Coptotermes can be greatly reduced by forest manage- and Nasutitermes. Sodium pentaborate ment; Coptotermes and Trinervitermes was effective against Coptotermes but by dusts of chlorinated hydrocarbons not against Nasutitermes. blown into galleries.) By incorporating 0.75% pentachloro- 1962a, p. 64. (Australia, Coptotermes phenol, or a fractional percentage of acinaciformis, 2 ounces of 2% dieldrin arsenicals, or aldrin or dieldrin, build- effective when blown into aeration gal- ing boards, either particle or fiber, can leries leading from the bark of trees to be made resistant to termites. termite nurseries. ) Treatment with soil poisons—chlori- 1963, pp. 74-76. (Australia, Coptotermes nated hydrocarbons at a dosage 0.5 gal- acinaciformis, 0.25 Telodrin when ap- lons per cubic feet were effective after plied as a dust to aeration galleries was 6-7 years. Pest control operators offer just as effective as when applied in auger pretreatment up to IO years guarantee. holes to the nursery in trees.) Termite-proof concrete, “no-fines,” a 1964, pp. 1-4. (Australia, aldrin, dieldrin, mixture of aggregate with the substitu- telodrin are very effective against Copto- tion of a 0.5% emulsion of either diel- termes acinaciformis when applied as drin or aldrin for water was produced. dusts to colonies or as emulsions to Existing infestations in buildings by soils.) Nasutitermes is from a nearby mound 1965, pp. 46. (Australia, N.S.W., hand which can be destroyed. Coptotermes duster applied 2 ounces per colony aldrin, and Mastotermes central nests are diff- dieldrin and telodrin, and % ounce cult to locate and occupied runways in white arsenic into nursery or through aeration galleries effective.) the building must be treated, Arsenic Gunn, W. C., 1964, pp. 50, 52, 54, 56. (U.S., trioxide, white arsenic most effective California, polyethylene damp proofing dust, quantities as low as 1.75 g. will membrane, improperly installed, led to kill a colony of 1.5 million Nasutitermes infestation, had to be corrected in con- exitiosus within 2 weeks, is the most trol operations.) widely used poison by P.C.O.s. No evi- Gupta, B. D., 1960, pp. 961-977. (India, dence that arsine gas is produced. Cost studies control termites in sugarcane.) of liquid chlorinated hydrocarbons too Haptincton, P., 1965, pp. 36, 38. (Australia, high to compete with white arsenic ex- N.S.W., subterranean termites Copto- cept in infested trees where an emulsion termes acinaciformis and Schedorhino- will be harmless. termes intermedius cause about 90% of Gases are not effective in Australian damage. Control is by eradication, using SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 finely divided arsenic trioxide and ferric INDIAN CoUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, hydroxide blown directly into the nest 1957-1958. (India, annual report, Cyclo- or gallery system, and prevention, using termes spp. in wheat, sugarcane, and soil treatment with chlorinated hydro- cotton and Odontotermes sp. on wooden carbons. ) poles are serious pests. Aldrin, chlordane Harris, W. V., 1961, pp. 1-187. (Tropics, and dieldrin gave significant control in Africa, queen removal, chemical and cotton. In Gujarat dieldrin, aldrin, or physical barriers, fumigation, nest frag- endrin applied as a dust in the furrows mentation. ) before cane sets were planted, or else 1962c, pp. 179-181. (Prevention of termite applied as a paste at the two ends of each amage to buildings with special refer- cane set gave better control than applying ence to low-cost housing in humid BHC at 50 pounds per acre along the tropics, damage considerable, 100 species furrow. Dusts arranged in percentage of termites recorded from buildings in decreasing germination of sugarcane world, 47 serious, drywood termites 6, were: 2.5% dieldrin, 2% aldrin, 1% Mastotermes 1, subterranean termites 25, endrin, 5% chlordane and 1% aldrin.) ground or tree nesting 15. Cryptotermes IsHERWoop, H., 1963, pp. 8-10. (U.S., vice particularly important drywood termite, president The Antimite Co., St. Louis, Coptotermes, subterranean, mound build- Missouri advocates 17 points in detail for ing Macrotermes and Odontotermes in efficient control subterranean termites. Africa, India, and Southeast Asia, Micro- Comments on most of these points by termes also important. In Ceylon, Ken Scott, editor P.C.O. News, Los Mauritius, and Central America, Nasuti- Angeles, Calif.) termes is responsible for much damage. 1965, pp. 78, 80. (U.S., St. Louis, Missouri, Design, drainage, ventilation, pier foun- termite control job can be justified by dations, inspection and mechanical bar- sketch of foundation, list of infestation riers; sanitation, soil poisoning, use of points and detailed eradication plans to resistant or chemically impregnated explain necessary work and cost.) timbers, careful supervision. Selection of Jacguiot, C., 1961, pp. 151-164. (France, proper sites and soil poisoning, 0.3% Reticulitermes santonensis by use pre- dieldrin, and a concrete apron 6 inches served wood.) around the slab, termite-proof concrete James, F. R., 1962, pp. 29-33. (U.S., how mix with dieldrin are most practical for to discover and destroy termites in homes low-cost housing.) of different types, soil poisons, trenching, 1965, pp. 33-34. (World, review of work drilling; prevention with concrete caps or on termite control, cost in various coun- shields on foundations.) tries, protection of buildings, soil poisons, Jen, Da-Fonc, 1964, pp. 49-60. (China, ter- mineral dusts, structural modifications, mites are important pests of sugarcane, resistant and treated wood. Damage to particularly in arid upland regions. In plastics, trees, and crops are also dis- Hainan Island six species are injurious, cussed. Bibliography.) species of Odontotermes being the most Herrs, A., 1963, pp. 92-100. (Summarizes important. Damage is greatest during papers on damage and control termites periods of low rainfall. Good control in Tropics, by W. V. Harris 1960 Termite obtained in field tests by dusting cut Res. Unit reprint 42, 48, 1962. W. A. ends of seed pieces with 5% aldrin, 10% Sands repr. 43, 1960, 47, 1961. W. G. H. chlordane, 1% endrin, 5% DDT or Coaton Sci. Bull. No. 375 1958. L. G. E. 0.5% BHC, Or dipping them in a mud Kalshoven 1962 observations on Copto- slurry containing 0.5% aldrin or diel- termes.) drin, 0.35 chlordane or 0.25-0.35% Hoon, R. C., 1962, pp. 141-143. (India, toxaphene.) Hirakud Dam project, Orissa, longest Jounston, H. R., 1965, pp. 34-37. (U.S., sum- earth dam in world, in site area termites mary of preventive and remedial control penetrate top soil, few in moorum zone methods of the U.S, Dept. of Agriculture 32-38 inches deep, decrease with increas- for subterranean and drywood termites.) ing depth below ground, but to depth Kenaca, E. E., 1963, pp. 67-103. (Com- 10 feet where top soil overlies moorum. mercial and experimental organic in- Remove mound nests, strip soil 6-8 secticides (1963 revision). Indexed as to inches of top.) their scientific, common and trade names, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 23 code designations, uses and manu- since 1936, about two million newly in- facturers.) fested houses each year, of which only Kenjo, Y., 1963, pp. 132-134. (Studies on one-fifth are reported and treated, ac- termite control method in U.S.A.) cording to the Terminix division, E. L. Kerr, E., 1962, pp. 8-13. (U.S., control.) Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn. Three com- KirTHISINGHE, F., 1961, pp. 8-15. (Ceylon, monly accepted reasons for termites’ coconut trees.) widespread proliferation and slow but Kocu, C. D., 1965, pp. 19, 21-22. (South steady march to the north: 1. Milder Africa, tackle an extensive program northern winters, wider use of central to eradicate Hodotermes mossambicus heating. 2. More homes being built, ter- destroying the grass veld.) mite’s natural breeding grounds in wood- Krause, E., 1962, pp. 162-163. (Germany, lands being cleared away, turn to man- consideration of the voices of the press made structures. 3. The buildings of on the theme of protection of wood for homes on a low slab. Control: Annual insect control, including termites, a ter- inspection all buildings in termite belt, mite attractant that might be practical in build out termites. The termite belt termite control.) practically all the United States. Ter- KrisHNAMOoRTHY, C., and RaMasussiAH, K., mites also on the increase in Canadian 1962, pp. 243-245. (India, Andhra provinces of Nova Scotia, New Bruns- Pradesh, control of Microtermes obesi wick, Quebec, Ontario, and British Co- attacking wheat and Odontotermes lumbia reported.) obesus attacking sugarcane, fruit plants Mattis, A., 1964, pp. 219-324. (U.S., three and coconut, aldrin 5% dust applied to types termites, dampwood, drywood, the soil at 20 pounds per acre is better subterranean.) than 5% BHC.) ManuEL, W. W., 1964, pp. 20-22. (USS., Krupnick, E., 1961, pp. 42, 44. (U.S., portable California, legal requirements of a “ter- plumber’s heater used when drilling mite report,” careful inspection, no mis- asphalt tile, 500° at nozzle.) representation, failure may result in Kurir, A., 1963, pp. 67-70. (Austria, Reticult- disciplinary and civil actions for fraud termes flavipes possibility using atomic or negligence, diagram should show lo- wastes in open country, radioactive cobalt cation of infested areas, refer to inac- (60 Co) in soil, or strontium (go Sr.) cessible areas not inspected, make cor- affect gonads termites, precautions out- rective recommendations, important to lined.) state scope of report.) Lowe, R. G., 1961, pp. 73-78. (Nigeria, ter- MarecueK, G. I., 1963, pp. 49-73. (U.S.S.R., mite attack on Eucalyptus citridora, Anacanthotermes turkestanicus control in with Dieldrin and BHC.) residential and industrial structures, in- Luppova, A. N., 1962, pp. 103-109. (S.S.R., clusion of DDT into the composition methods of planning and improvement of wall bonding mixtures (0.15% of of house construction towards termite- dry weight of the cement composition) proofing.) kills termites on contact with the dry Lyon, S. R., 1963, pp. 46, 48, 50. (USS., mixture; toxic for over 2 years. In Arizona, rebuttal of A. Zimmern Pest laboratory termites dusted with DDT Control, Oct. 1962, p. 80, faulty fills and planted in an isolated colony trans- create gaps pumping toxicant through mitted the toxic agent on contact result- floor would result in “washing” fill into ing in total mortality of the colony voids, cellulose debris under building within 7-9 days. Saturation of wood offers sources infestation, suggest treat- blocks with a DDT emulsion in concen- ment through foundation walls below trations of 0.1 to 0.05% of active in- level top finish fill at very low pressure. gredient killed on contact. DDT 0.01% Junk fills are unusual, wall treatment and BHC 0.02% dusts mixed with soil will not affect cellulose debris. Overall in trenches 0.8 m. deep around infested treatment under slab only answer. Colo- houses remained toxic longer than 2 nies may skirt foundation barrier. Poison years.) all subslab soil, drill floors as well as Maruieu, H., 1962, pp. 97-103. (Europe, lists foundations wall in Arizona.) termites, describes habits, distribution, Lyons, F. H., 1964, p. 52. (U.S., more than damage to wood in buildings, control: four million homes treated for termites soil poison in trench at wall, drilling floor 24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 and walls and injecting chemical under calamus, sweetflag, to Heterotermes ind1- pressure, pointing up (sealing) holes cola in higher concentrations petroleum with cement, coating or injecting chemi- ether extract less than DDT.) cal on or in wood.) Pawar, J. G., and Soop, N. K., 1964, pp. 17- Martuuvr, R. N., 1962a, p. 281. (India, control 19. (India, when forearmed against of termites attacking forests, crops and them, termites need hold no terror for products and prevention of attack very the farmer.) important, more than 100 species of Prutul, H. S., and Batra, H. N., 1960, p. 96. termites involved, wide range of habits, (North West India, Microtermes my- taxonomy and biology must be studied cophagus attacking young peach and before effective control can be _ pre- other fruit trees especially in nurseries, scribed.) infestations checked: 2% chlordane Matuur, R. N., CHATTERJEE, P. N., and emulsion stirred well in soil about trunk; Tuapa, R. S., 1965, pp. 1-23. (India, spraying bark, about 25 pounds of 5% Dehra Dun, protection freshly felled DDT or BHC dust in soil about trees.) stored timber, Shorea robusta and Ramace, A., 1964, pp. 26-27. (Australia, Terminalia belerica, by various insecti- N.S.W., use ethylene dibromide to con- cides, relative prophylactic efficacy.) trol Coptotermes and Nasutitermes colo- Mercatr, R. L. (Ed.), 1965, pp. 1-6289. (Ad- nies, 15% weight/volume in power vances in pest control research, chemical kerosene, 1 pint injected into nest.) control, insecticides, fate chemicals in RamspEN, C. B., 1962, pp. 48, 50. (Mexicali, soil, microorganisms, toxicological, re- Mexico, Reticulitermes hesperus, water- sistance, etc.) logged soil created pressure problems Moore, H. B., 1963, p. 103. (U.S., North under slab of office vault, oil solutions Carolina, U.S. Dept. Agriculture recom. used would not penetrate wet soil until mendations.) pressure relieved.) NewsaM, A., and Rao, B. S., 1963, p. 99. Ratner, H., 1963, pp. 38, 40, 42. (U.S., South (Control Coptotermes curvignathus with Jersey, leaks due to improper flashing chlorinated hydrocarbons.) lead to second-story infestations by sub- New South Wates, Dept. oF AGRICULTURE, terranean termites, treat joists with Entomo.tocy Br., 1964, pp. 1121-1122. Woodtreat T/C, after removing source (Australia, chemical control in buildings, moisture, after all windows opened, arsenical dusts, soil poisons (chlordane, minute amounts EDB injected into wall dieldrin), chemically treated timbers.) voids, attic also dusted with Dri-Die Orecon, State Univ., Feperat Coop. Ext. silica gel powder. DDVP fumigant has Serv., 1962, pp. 1-6. (U.S., Oregon, con- replaced EDB in later cases as safer. It is trol dampwood termite [Zootermopsis used in concentrated form in minute angusticollis| primarily problem moisture quantities, being injected into wall cavi- control. Improve ventilation, drainage. ties with a syringe.) Replace damaged timbers with pressure- Reppy, D. B., 1962, pp. 225-227. (India, the treated wood. Remove cellulose-contain- chlorinated hydrocarbons have been ef- ing debris. Use soil poisons to destroy fective in controlling termites injuring colonies. ) agricultural crops, BHC is most widely Pater, R. M., 1962, pp. 219-221. (India, used, the dosages vary from \%4 to Gujarat, Odontotermes obesus and Tri- 3 pounds per acre. Care must be taken nervitermes rubidus attacking field especially with BHC in adverse effect on crops, control by use of 5% BHC in drill crops, where aldrin and dieldrin can with seed (56 pounds per acre) had been be used. Termites are most active in over 80% with increased yield of 33.3% June-July to February-March. Control to 43.4%; treatment of wheat seed must be applied at a time best suited to 2 pounds of 50% BHC per 112 pounds the various crops.) seed reduced attack by 86% and in- RENO, J., 1962, pp. 26, 28. (U.S., basement creased yield by 55.9%; 95% of mango house, methods of entrance by termites, trees were protected by painting bases of proper clearance, basement windows, trunks with crude oil emulsion contain- door framing, sill and frames basement ing 5% of 99% BHC (13.5% gamma).) windows pressure-treated with oil pre- Paut, C. F., Acarwar, P. N., and Ausat, A., servative, use heartwood of resistant 1965, pp. 114-117. (India, toxicity Acorus wood, or concrete. Steps with bottom NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 25 step concrete or pressure-treated wood. Tuapa, R. S., 1961, pp. 76-116. (India, Shield between top step and house, be- field experiments with one to three coat tween porch and house. Two inches brushings of timber with BHC, DDT, should separate supports for porch and coal tar creosote, etc. in 1950-1955, soil steps and the house; have soil cover over poisoning and mud-wall poisoning with enclosed earth. Inspect regularly, destroy various dilutions of the insecticides. Stor- tubes, poison soil. All wood should rest ing timber over poisoned soil most effec- on concrete, wood inset in walls should tive method, surface-treated timber must rest on metal and have an air space be stored under covering to prevent around sides and ends. Masonry walls chemical washing out. Selective use of should be capped with 4 inches of chemicals necessary. Data on concentra- reinforced concrete.) tions and period of protection given.) 1962a, p. 30. (U.S., crawl space house, 1962, pp. 183-184. (India, Dehra Dun, methods of entrance by termites, clear- field experiments with surface treatments ance of 18 inches, solid poured concrete of timber, soil poisoning, and mud-wall foundations, or 4-inch reinforced cap on poisoning from 1950-1955 for protection top masonry foundations, shields, in- against species of Odontotermes. Several spection, destruction tubes, soil poison, chemicals used as surface treatments no wood in contact with soil, soil cover, gave protection for 29 months, the cheap- no outside attachment to house.) est a three-coat brushing with 0.5 gamma 1962b, pp. 32, 33. (U.S., slab on grade BHC in water suspensional; 10% BHC house, houses with slab floors should dust and 1% chlordane gave protection have good drainage, no wood debris left as soil poisons for 26-29 months; in mud- in soil, no tree stumps or roots. A rot- wall poisoning, mixing the chemical with and termite-proof vapor barrier soil cover the mud, BHC dust 5% was successful with a vapor transmission rate of one- for 28 months, cheap, the huts are recon- half perm, ground or soil poisons, and a structed every year.) well-constructed slab are the most im- RoorkEE, CENTRAL BuILpING ReEsEARCH INsTI- portant protective methods.) TUTE, 1965, pp. 686-687. (India, sub- 1962c, pp. 1-4. (U.S., a combination of terranean termite control measures in the three above papers with illustrations.) building construction, site clearance, ResciA, G., 1963, pp. 123-133. (Conservative mound poisoning, soil poisoning, bar- treatment of relics in the Garibaldi riers, concrete foundations, joint fillers.) House with xylamon, wood preserva- Rupaxova, A. K., 1962, pp. 88-94. (S.S.R., tive.) methods of protection from termites of RoonwaL, M. L., and Cuatrerser, P. N., packing material for wires.) 1961, pp. 67-78. (India, Dehra Dun, Rupnev, D. F., 1963, pp. 127-131. (U.S.SR., Odontotermes obesus, destruction of Ukraine, Reticulitermes lucifugus con- mounds with chlorinated hydrocarbons, trolled by proper construction and the the concentration of the insecticide and use of emulsions of DDT or HCH (ben- total quantity of the liquid are im- zene hexachloride) as soil poisons; also portant factors. Minimums giving com- dipping wood in these emulsions.) plete destruction of the colony within a St. Georcz, R. A., Jounston, H. R., and week are: Kowar, R. J., 1063, pp. 1-30. (US., 0.005% gamma BHC (9000 cc. liquid) recommendations of Forest Service, fol- per to cu. ft. vol. of mound cost 18 nP. lowing BRAB reports. Slightly revised (naye paise) from 1960 edition to include heptachlor 0.04% DDT (gooo cc. liquid) per ro cu. ft. vol. of mound 20 nP. as a soil poison.) 0.025% dieldrin (gooo cc. liquid) per Sanps, W. A., 1962, pp. 170-192. (West 10 cu. ft. vol. of mound cost 26 nP. Africa, insecticides as soil and mound 0.025% aldrin (9000 cc. liquid) per poisons against subterranean termites, to cu. ft. vol. of mound cost 21 nP.) aldrin or dieldrin mixed with top 6 1962, pp. 211-212. (India, Dehra Dun, inches of soil (loamy sand) in field destruction mounds Odontotermes obesus after 33-34 months 4% to % of the in- with chlorinated hydrocarbons with the secticide remained in soil originally same results as above.) treated with 0.5, 2, and 5 pounds active Roonwar, M. L., Cuatreryer, P. N., and ingredient per acre, tested by bioassay 26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 using workers of Trinervitermes ebe- active dieldrin, 46% active aldrin 25% nerianus. heptachlor or 20% lindane/kg. together T. ebenerianus very sensitive to diel- with 4 g./kg. of ceresan UT. Treatment drin, general soil treatments might have with aldrin gave the largest population adverse effects on termite aeration and of plants. Plots treated with lindane had penetration of water in tropical soils. less than one-third the damage control Dieldrin emulsion, 1 pound active in- plots had. Peanuts are attacked in the gredient per acre, divided among the seed and seedling stage. Shelled nuts planting holes per acre (1,225) resulted were coated with 5 g./kg. of active ma- in a mean survival of 60% 1-year old terial of dieldrin 50%, aldrin 40%, hepta- Eucalyptus trees. Pot grown seedlings chlor 25%, chlordane 10% and lindane similarly treated with emulsion or dust 20%, aldrin treatment gave a_ high showed low mortality. yield.) Colonies of Macrotermes natalensis ScHueR, S., 1964, pp. 124-126, 220, 224. successfully poisoned with 2% fluid (U.S., damage estimated by Dr. T. E. ounces aldrin 40% emulsifiable concen- Snyder, Smithsonian at 250 million trate in 6 gallons water applied through dollars annually, latest control methods three auger holes made into central for subterranean and drywood termites.) mound.) ScuwaBs, R., 1963, pp. 57-58. (South Africa, 1962a, pp. 1-14. (Nigeria, North Region, apply highly penetrating wood preserva- termites destructive to trees and crops.) tives to endangered timber, inject toxic SANKARAN, T., 1962, pp. 233-236. (India, smoke into nest system. Flood soil under Microtermes obest and Odontotermes suspended subfloors with a 5% solution obesus and a few other species in the of copper naphthenate or pentachlor- latter genus are most commonly en- phenol. Adequate ventilation and good countered in plant protection work. Of established building practice should if the chlorinated hydrocarbons, BHC is necessary be improved.) the cheapest and most commonly used. SHELL CHEMICAL Co., New York, N.Y., 1963, Recently heptachlor has been reported as pp. 1-11. (U.S., standard methods for effective and cheaper than aldrin and pretreatment and existing structures il- dieldrin in controlling termites attack- lustrated.) ing sugarcane where a more expensive Su1BAmoTo, T., 1962, pp. 2-4. (Japan, counter insecticide can be afforded. Insecticide plan for insect attack to wood.) applied to soil as dust before sowing Siopiq1, Z. A., Rayani, V. G., and S1neu, BHC or aldrin 4 to 1 pound per acre. O. P., 1959, pp. 227-232. (India, Uttar The annual loss to agricultural produc- Pradesh, Muicrotermes obesi, in 1958 tion: grain crops 280 million rupees; gamma BHC liquid at 0.75 pound per wheat 6% to 25%; coconut seedlings acre gave good protection to sugarcane 20%; sugar lost in Bihar alone 1,400,000 when applied over setts at time of plant- pounds. Thousands of acres of land ing, the crop yield was also boosted.) under various crops treated every year.) Smee, L., 1962, pp. 193-194. (Papua and Sarup, A., 1962, pp. 213-215. (India, sub- New Guinea, control of the giant cacao terranean termites account for 95% of termite (Neotermes sp.). Remove dead damage to buildings and contents, queen wood; treat infested wood wtih 0.05% killing method control failure, structural dieldrin in water. Prevent attack to alterations, soil and foundation poison- cacao and shade trees by coating pruned ing, wood treatment most effective areas protectively.) methods control, prevention during con- SmitH, B. L., 1965, pp. 40-43-44. (U.S., Mid- struction best, pipe system soil treatment west, pretreatment soil with poison im- and retreatment advantageous.) portant. Method used in treating hous- Saxam, O., 1961, pp. 1-63. (U.S., protecting ing project by Chicago firm described your home.) and illustrated.) ScuminT, H., 1961, pp. 8-11. (Germany, effect SmitH, D. N., 1964, pp. 1-11. (British of X-ray on wood-destroying insects.) Columbia, control of termites Zoo- ScuMuTTeERER, H., 1961, pp. 479-489. (Sudan, termopsis and Reticulitermes for differ- Microtermes thoracalis, damage to cotton ent types of buildings, both eradicative can be prevented by coating seed with a dusts and liquids and _ preconstruction mixture of an insecticide (28.5 g./50% soil poisoning, after sanitation and main- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 27 taining a dry state, sound construction Turner, N., 1961, pp. 1-12. (U.S., Con- and inspection are recommended.) necticut, termites in buildings.) SmitH, V. K., 1961, p. 60. (Habits and con- Urnalsitp, C., 1962a, pp. 493-502. (Thailand, trol, how does a chemical barrier stop protection and eradication of ground termites, how long will soil poisons re- termites, sanitation, pretreatment soil main effective, many unknowns.) with poisons, proper ventilation and SmitH, V. K., and Jounston, H. R., 1962, drainage, spray soil before laying con- pp. 1-7. (Eastern subterranean termite, crete slab with coal-tar pitch or rubberoid U.S. prevention by sound construction, bitumen, avoid using cellotex and chemical treatment soil.) masonite on wooden frames.) Sprar, P., 1966, p. 80. (U.S., legal value Van Ark, H., 1961, pp. 46-48. (South Africa, inspection records, should show type of Karoo, control harvester termite Hodo- termite, location and extent damage. termes mossambicus.) FHA requires minimum distance 100 Visco, H. A., 1962, pp. 1-64. (Colombia, feet from well to soil treatment, rodding Heterotermes convexinotatus feed on accepted.) roots cotton controlled with heptachlor Srivastava, A. S., Gupta, B. P., and AwasTHI, 14 pound technical material per G. P., 1962, pp. 241-242. (India, Uttar hectare.) Pradesh, Odontotermes obesus and Wacner, R. E., and Esetine, W., 1964, pp. Microtermes obesi the most common and 24-25. (U.S., California, improvements destructive termites to agricultural crops. in equipment for dusting of voids in Dusting the infested wheat crop with walls, etc., with Dri-Die to prevent re- 5% BHC at 25 pounds per acre with infestation drywood termites, use %-inch only an increase of 2.9% mortality in hose, plastic carboy as a hopper.) the plants after a month. For saving Wess, J., 1963, pp. 84, 86, 88. (U.S., Newark, crops, nursery plants and fruit trees, dust Delaware, TOs, researchers demonstrate with 5% aldrin at 20-25 pounds per acre, control to public, treatment of infested raking it into the soil. Do not use BHC building for termites to show equipment where it might give flavor to the crop or and method necessary for effective con- retard growth. There has been an in- trol.) crease in the number of areas and trees treated since 1955.) Weiner, H., 1962a, pp. 1074-1087. (World, packaging in protection against insects, STEINBERG, D. M., 1962, pp. 11-16. (S.S.R., addition chemicals necessary, must pre- union conference for elaboration of con- vent egg laying.) trol methods.) Weiss, H. B., and Carrutuers, R. H., 1937, Teotia, T. P. S., Gupta, K. M., Rajant, p. 1-63. (General, books, control by V. G., and Sacar, G., 1963, pp. 203-211. termite-proofing building, or prevent at- (Uttar Pradesh, India, termite damage tack, paint lightly on both outside and to eye buds of sugarcane setts can be inside cover and along margins and controlled by soil treatment with hepta- backs, a solution of 1 ounce of corrosive chlor sprays 0.5 to 1 pound per acre.) sublimate, 1 ounce carbolic acid and 2 Truman, L. C., 1962, pp. 27-34. (U.S., cor- pints of methylated or white rum spirit. respondence course on control subter- After drying books may be handled with ranean termites, inspections, reports, safety. Enough shellac added to the mix- treatments for various types construction, ture will produce a slightly adhesive equipment, chemicals, pretreatment, il- liquid. This formula has been used suc- lustrated with diagrams.) cessfully in the West Indies. An exten- 1962a, pp. 39-46. (U.S., correspondence sive bibliography on insect enemies of course on control nonsubterranean ter- books is included.) mites, inspection, treatment, fumigation, Witxinson, W., 1962a, pp. 1-8. (Africa, con- poison dusts or liquids injected by drill- ing, prevention silica aerogel dusts. trol of termites by forestry cultural Dampwood, drywood, powder post, and methods.) rotten wood termites discussed.) 1964, pp- 337-339. (Kenya, East Africa, TsveTKova, V. P., 1950, pp. 95-96. (U.S.S.R., use of insecticides in protection of living fighting termites by building construc- trees.) tion, sound foundations, reprints T. E. Wricut, N. L., 1962, pp. 48, 50, 52. (U.S., Snyder’s illustrations.) North Carolina, Veterans Administra- 28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 tion since 1957 accepted only inspection sion helpful in setting up an effective forms from state licensed termite con- method to control submission of reports.) trol firms, 80% cases submitted to VA Yunus, E. A., 1960, pp. 255-260. (Malaya are having soil poisoning for termite pro- Coptotermes curvignathus, rubber trees, tection, 5-year warranty required. Dr. aldrin better than dieldrin in peat soil, Clyde F. Smith, head of N.C. State Col- inferior in other types soil, clay next to lege Entomology Department, and the lose toxicity. Relative dosages chlordane, N.C. Structural Pest Control Commis- aldrin, dieldrin, 3: 2: 1.) CYTOLOGY BANERGEE, B., 1957, pp. 288-289. (India, adipose tissue: almost total loss of lipids Odontotermes redemanni haploid and glycogene and great abundance of chromosome numbers in testis termite ribonucleic acid and diverse protids. The king.) urate cells are much more rare, etc.) 1961, pp. 155-158. (India, Odontotermes Guaracoz.ou, I., 1962, pp. 174-176. (France, redemanni chromosome morphology dur- cytological and histological studies adi- ing spermatogenesis. ) pose tissue functional sexuals of Calo- 1964, p. 445. (India, Odontotermes rede- termes flavicollis.) manni, cytochemical localization of the TrucKENBRODT, W., 1964, pp. 359-434. (Ger- enzyme alkaline phosphatase during the early embryogenesis.) many, cytological and physiological de- Gaze, M., and Norrot, C., 1961, pp. 376- velopmental researches on normal and 382. (Describes and figures adipose parthenogenetic egg of Kalotermes tissue of royal reproductives of higher flavicollis. Maturation, division, and de- African termites and discusses important velopment of the germination procedure, physiological differences with normal illustrated.) DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS, MATERIAL ANnonyMous, 1961, pp. 1-9. (Italy, damage faulty grade level, or earth contacts and control, 1952-1960, list publications.) 26,476 (36.8%), and 22,511 (31.3%) 1961b, p. 20. (U.S., termites spreading respectively.) northward in the United States and 1963d, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California, Struc- Europe according to Dr. Thomas E. tural Pest Board quarterly report on Snyder, mild winters and advancing infestation by county October, November, civilization causes; losses 250 million dol- and December 1962, 55 counties. Due lars annually; pressure impregnated to dampwood termites: 302 (0.6%); to wood will prevent attack.) drywood: 20,552 (46.7%); to subter- 1962g, p. 6 (U.S., California, Structural ranean: 24,664 (56.1%). Total reports Pest Ist quarterly report on infestation 43,953 (including damage by beetles and by dampwood, (137) drywood, (18,303) fungus), due to faulty grade level, or and subterranean (25,424) termites by earth contacts: 22,184 (50.4%) and 18,- counties (51) for January, February, and 046 (41.0%) respectively.) March 1962, due to faulty grade level or 1963h, pp. 49-50, 52, 54, 64. (U.S., faulty earth contacts, 43,864.) drains may cause post-treatment trouble 1962i, p. 14. (U.S., Dr. T. E. Snyder esti- through accumulation of excessive mois- mates yearly damage to homes at about ture content in soil along a foundation. 250 million dollars, compared to 100 This may cause leaching of soil poisons. million about 15 years ago.) Illustrations are given of an ineffective 1962m, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California, Struc- and an effective drain.) tural Pest 2d quarterly report on in- 1963i, pp. 6-7. (U.S., California, Structural festation by county April, May, and Pest Board yearly (1962) report on in- June 1962, 53 counties, due to dampwood festation by county, 57 counties. Total, termites 267 (0.37%), to drywood 23,846 due to dampwood termites: 997 (0.4%); (33.1%), to subterranean 33,185 to drywood: 86,203 (35.7%); to subter- (46.1%), total reports 72,000 (including ranean: 112, 177 (46.5%); grand total damage by beetles and decay); due to (including beetles and fungus): 240,926. - 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 29 Due to faulty grade level, or earth con- 1964t, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California, Struc- tacts: 95,358 (30.5%) and 79,077 tural Pest Board 2d quarterly report on (32.8%) respectively.) infestation by county, April, May, June, 1963j, pp. ro-11. (U.S., California, Struc- 1964, 54 counties. Due to dampwood tural Pest Board quarterly report on in- termites: 297 (.33%); to drywood: 28,- festation by county, January, February, 124 (31.66%); to subterranean: 37,497 and March 1963, 53 counties. Due to (42.21%). Total reports 88,827 (includ- dampwood termites: 270 (0.3%); to dry- ing beetles and fungus). Due to faulty wood: 21,559 (31.1%); to subterranean: grade level or earth contacts: 33,356 31.501 (45.4%). Total reports 69,246 (37-55%) and 27,838 (31.34%) _re- including beetles and fungus.) Due to spectively.) faulty grade level, or earth contacts: 1964v, p. 3. (U.S., Kansas, Wichita, ter- 26,293 (37-9%) and 21,829 (31.5%) re- mites No. 2 school menace in this city of spectively. ) 240,000 population, according to Kansas 19631, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California, Struc- City Star. go service calls for termite tural Pest Board quarterly report on in- eradication were made at the city’s public festation by county, April, May, and schools during a month’s period. 240 June, 1963, 55 counties. Due to damp- hours were devoted to termite eradica- wood termites: 320 (0.38%) ;t o drywood tion treatments and the work required 26,767 (32.5%); to subterranean: 35,793 approximately 11,000 gallons of chemi- (43.5%). Total reports 82,246 (includ- cals.) ing beetles and fungus.) Due to faulty 1964w, pp. 24-25. (U.S., California, Struc- grade level, or earth contacts; 31,186 tural Pest Board annual report on in- (37.9%) and 26,120 (31.7%) respec- festation by county 1963. 57 counties. tively.) Due to dampwood termites: 1,332 1963p, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, Struc- (5%); to drywood; 98,440 (41.1%); tural Pest Board 3d quarterly report on to subterranean: 130,341 (54.4%). Total infestation by county, July, August, and reports 239,295 (including beetles and September, 1963, 53 counties. Due to fungus). Due to faulty grade level or dampwood termites: 360 (0.4%); to earth contacts: 115,960 (48.4%) and drywood: 26,102 (30.7%); to subter- 97,563 (40.7%) respectively.) ranean: 33,637 (39.5%). Total reports 1964y, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California, Struc- 84,953 (including beetles and fungus.) tural Pest Board 3d quarterly report on Due to faulty grade level, or earth con- infestation by county, July, August, Sep- tacts; 31,050 (36.5%) and 26,430 tember, 1964, 55 counties. Due to damp- (31.1%) respectively.) wood termites: 279 (.32%); to drywood: 1964h, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, Struc- 26,608 (30.66%); to subterranean: 33,- tural Pest Board 4th quarterly report 021 (38.05%). Total reports 86,784 (in- on infestation by county. October, No- cluding beetles and fungus). Due to vember, December, 1963, 55 counties. faulty grade level or earth contacts 32,284 Due to dampwood termites: 382 (.53%); (37.20%) and 26,652 (30.71%) re- to drywood: 24,012 (33.31%); to sub- spectively. ) terranean: 29,410 (40.79%). Total re- 1964z, p. 3. (U.S., California, summary ports 72,096 (including beetles and Structural Pest Board annual report for fungus). Due to faulty grade level, or 1933 on damage to buildings and stating earth contacts: 27,431 (38.05%) and use of chemically preserved lumber 23,184 (32.16%) respectively.) would prevent it.) 19640, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California, Struc- 1965b, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, Struc- tural Pest Board quarterly report on in- tural Pest Board 4th quarterly report on festation by county, January, February, infestation by county, October, Novem- March, 1964, 54 counties. Due to damp- ber, December, 1964, 54 counties. Due wood termites: 296 (.39%); to drywood: to dampwood termites: 429 (0.56%); to 25,634 (34.13%); to subterranean: 32,580 drywood: 25,577 (33.40%); to subter- (43.37%). Total reports 75,116 (includ- ranean: 30,350 (39.63%). Total reports ing beetles and fungus). Due to faulty 76,581 (including beetles and fungus). grade level, or earth contacts: 29,058 Due to faulty grade level or earth con- (38.68%) and 24,881 (33.12%) re- tacts 29,189 (38.1%) and 24,004 spectively.) (31.34%) respectively.) 325-491 O - 68 - 3 30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1965f, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, Struc- tacts 28,602 (37.28%) and 24,172 tural Pest Board 1st quarterly report on (31.51%) respectively.) infestation by county, January, February, Becker, G., 1962b, pp. 95-109. (Germany, March, 1965, 53 counties. Due to damp- preconditions for damage to plastics by wood termites: 273 (0.35%); to dry- animals including termites described. At- wood: 26,489 (33-83%); to subterranean: tack and deterioration of textiles, packag- 32,322 (41.28%). Total reports 78,298 ing material, cable insulations coverings, (including beetles and fungus). Due to coats and glues reviewed, bibliography.) faulty grade level or earth contacts 29,- BEESLEY, J., 1961, pp. 3-4. (Australia, what 934 (38.23%) and 25,203 (32.19%) re- is the termite hazard?) spectively. ) Cracc, C. F., 1965, p. 3. (Hawaii, Oahu, 19651, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, Struc- Kaneohe, Marine Corps Air Station, tural Pest Board 2d quarterly report on Coptotermes formosanus damage to in- infestation by county, April, May, and sulation of cable caused power failure June, 1965, 56 counties. Due to damp- in the runway lighting system, large wood termites: 291 (0.32%); to dry- branch nest near underground manhole, wood: 27,762 (30.72%); to subterranean: tubes built up to top concrete manhole 37,354 (41.33%). Total reports 90,375 and along inside cement-asbestos under- (including beetles and fungus). Due to ground ducts joining manholes through faulty grade level or earth contacts 33,- which wiring is drawn extended 150 952 (37-57%) and 28,670 (31.72%) re- feet to second adjacent manhole, 20 feet spectively.) from branch nest a short circuit had 1965j, p. 61. (U.S., infestation report. burned out insulation. Termites en- Reticulitermes hesperus in structural tered through drain at bottom manhole. beams in fair grounds building Lodi, San Thousands workers and soldiers in nest.) Joaquin Co., California, September.) Cotwii1, D. J., 1964, pp. 393-487. (General, 1966a, p. 46. (U.S., according to Dr. damage to transmission lines and cables.) Thomas E. Snyder, termites prefer new DirFiventi, G. A., 1963, pp. 45-54. Africa, houses, because of the juicier and tastier biology, habits, damage by termites, second-growth lumber, to older houses, Bellicositermes natalensis described and although most infestations are found in figured.) older houses. It often takes 10-15 years Dozinsku, V. A., 1962, pp. 84-87. (Ukraine, for damage to become serious. New Reticulitermes lucifugus in south are in homes are centrally heated and built virgin and long fallow land, migrate into closer to the ground, often over existing various structures, orchards, vineyards, colonies in recently forested suburban where more favorable conditions. Dam- areas.) age relatively insignificant.) 1966e, p. 12. (U.S., California, Structural Fernanpo, H. E., 1962, pp. 205-210. (Ceylon, Pest Board 3d quarterly report on infesta- damage to buildings by ground nesting tion by county, July, August, and Sep- termites more serious than by drywood tember, 1965, 54 counties. Due to damp- termites, one cause is use of lime mortar.) wood termites: 360 (0.41%); to dry- Guirarov, M. S., 1962a, pp. 131-135. wood: 26,872 (30.78%) ;t o subterranean: (U.S.S.R., in European portion Reticult- 33,191 (38.02%). Total reports 87,280 termes lucifugu. in the Ukraine in the (including beetles and fungus.) Due to south which is the northern border of faulty grade level or earth contacts its range, sometimes introduced outside 31,942 (36.59%) and 26,912 (30.83%) natural range, of no considerable im- respectively. ) portance. Central Asia, of the two species of Anacanthotermes, A. turkestanicus 1966f, p. 64. (U.S., California, Structural damages buildings in __ settlements, Pest Board 4th quarterly report on in- whereas ahngerianus inhabits more arid festation by county, October, November, areas.) and December 1965, 56 counties. Due to Herrs, A., 1954, pp. 1-37. (Economic im- dampwood termites: 377 (0.49%); to portance of termites in tropical countries, drywood: 23,649 (30.83%); to subter- pests wood, textiles.) ranean: 29,792 (38.83%). Total reports INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, 1963. (US., 76,719 (including beetles and fungus). Revenue Ruling 63-232 Nov. 12. A loss Due to faulty grade level or earth con- resulting from damage to_ property NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 31 caused by termites does not constitute a Payne, J. A., and Crosstey, D. A., Jr., 1966, casualty loss within the meaning of p. 44. (U.S., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 165(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code Reticulitermes virginicus and R. sp. in of 1954. Revenue Ruling 59-277, C.B. dry pig carrion.) 1959-2,73 revoked. The new ruling is Prota, R., 1962, pp. 1-35. (Sardinia, Reticuli- not retroactive. Any tax deduction after termes lucifugus infestation very exten- Novy. 12, 1963, will have to be proved a sive in towns and villages as well as farm- casualty loss in court. Leading authori- ing areas in the country, particularly ties on termites have concluded that in populated districts, in other areas rail- damage cannot be inflicted with the sud- way sleepers, swarm in spring and denness caused by fire, storm, etc.) autumn) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1962, pp. 121-137. (Java, Reinicrr, C. H., 1953, pp. 21-22. (Brazil Coptotermes havilandi, attack material termites which attack buildings and stored in godown in Surabaya, news- furniture.) papers in house, Gedangan, roof of Rescia, G., and Bonaventura, G., 1961, p. building, Djakarta, houses, Bogor, timber 260. (Italy, new foci of termite infesta- in yard, woodwork of small tanker.) tion.) 1963, pp. 30-31. (West New Guinea, Riccr, P., 1961, pp. 260-262. (Italy, a new Coptotermes hyaloapex penetration into termite focus of infestation in the an underground cable, termite later Ministry of Public Instruction.) proved to be elisae Desn.) 1961a, pp. 262-263. (Italy, termite infesta- 1963c, pp. 223-229. (Indonesia, Copto- tion in the Oratorio del Caravita.) termes curvignathus gnaws into under- ground electric cables and other ap- Roonwat, M. L., and Cunorant, O. B., 1961, paratus used in the jungle, attacking at a pp. 89-96. (India, about 170 species of termites known from Indian region: weak spot particularly in the joints. Soft material like asphaltum and lead are Ceylon, Burma, Pakistan and Nepal, pierced, but not eaten. Iron bands 42 species wood-inhabiting, 9 species do eroded by Coptotermes sp. Bogor.) not inhabit wood, but destroy it. Species Kirsy, J. L., 1961, pp. 69-71. (Termites rank listed, particulars given about most im- No. 2 with P.C.O.s in New Jersey.) portant species.) Krauss, N. L. H., 1965, pp. 2-4. (Hawaii, Rupnev, D. F., 1963, pp. 127-131. (U.S.S.R., Oahu, damage to insulation of cables at Reticulitermes lucifugus has been in the Marine Corps Air Sta., Jan. 1964 by Ukraine for 100 years. It damages from Coptotermes formosanus.) one to four buildings in each village, Kurir, A., 1962, pp. 1-8. (Reticulitermes a few so badly they had to be rebuilt. flavipes; damage to wood and materials Recently, outside its natural range, it by this subterranean termite.) has become established in the vicinity of Kusuwana, K. S., 1964, pp. 105-107. (India, Odessa, Nikolajew, and Cherson, where vineyards also have been injured. To infestation by termites around Udaipur, Rajasthan.) some extent living trees are infested. Proper construction and the use of Lancenporr, G., 1961, pp. 158-159. (Southern emulsions of DDT or HCH (BHC) as Europe, Calotermes flavicollis, Reticult- soil poisons are advisable. Also dipping termes lucifugus and R. flavipes in- wood in these emulsions is recom- jurious to wood, lumber.) mended.) Losinsky, W. A., 1962, pp. 84-87. (Ukraine, Sampato, E. J. F., 1960, pp. 1-8. (Portugal, termites injurious to wood and plants.) pp. 1-2, damage to books by Reticult- Morris, W. J., 1963, pp. 44, 46. (U.S., Kent, termes lucifugus, live inside wood, use Ohio, an addition to infested house in- books as food, which they reach through fested from soil beneath addition, from passage galleries.) May 9g to June 20 termites had built tubes up over concrete block foundation, 35 Scuwas, R., 1963, pp. 57-58. (South Africa, days after ground broken.) damage to dwellings most every unpro- Nasu, L. M., 1964, pp. 94-96. (U.S., habits tected house in Provinces of Transvaal and damage, rarely bring a house crash- and Natal will be attacked once and ing down, know when to leave, 90% many repeatedly by subterranean ter- damage done by subterranean kind, 200 mites. South African termites which million dollars annual loss.) attack buildings are drywood type, sub- 32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 terranean or carton nest builders, small 1963c, p. 310. (U.S., California, 240,962 and large fungus growers.) inspections made in state in 1962, 64,307 Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, infestations by termites found.) pp. 63-77. (Philippines, the drywood ter- 1964, p. 150. (Hawaii, Oahu, Kaneohe, mites Cryptotermes cyanocephalus and Coptotermes formosanus damaged in- C. dudleyi are of great economic im- sulation electrical cable Marine Corps Air portance because of their damage to the Sta. leading to short circuit. Large woodwork of buildings and wood prod- branch nest, tubes. Main colony 250 feet ucts, furniture and lumber. Also in- distant. Thousands soldiers, workers. festing buildings is Heterotermes philip- First reported damage in Kaneohe in pinensis. However Coptotermes flavi- 1953.) (Clagg.) cephalus and C, vastator are by far the 1964], p. 1242. (U.S. Arizona, Yuma most destructive of the subterranean ter- County, Heterotermes aureus infested mites. Species of Mucrocerotermes oc- public building.) casionally attack the woodwork of build- 1965a, pp. 326-327. (U.S., termites were ings as does the mound-building Macro- considered the most important structural termes gilvus.) pests in Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Grorpant-Sorka, A., 1963, pp. 42-46. (Italy, Alabama, Maryland, and Connecticut, in Venice, Calotermes flavicollis nests in 1964. Western drywood termite (Incisi- stakes fixed at bottom of the Laguna termes minor) and western subterranean as indicators of navigable channels or as termite Reticulitermes hesperus were ex- anchorage of boats, since the wood is tremely damaging to residences and damp enough and they seem undisturbed other structures in California in 1964. by salinity. Reticulitermes lucifugus, more R. hesperus caused heavy damage to than once accidentally imported into the foundation of a house near Friday Venice, has remained, till now, very Harbor, San Juan County, Washington. localized, or even disappeared, probably Reports of damage by this species from all because of the high dampness of the areas of Wyoming were received about soil, often submerged by high water.) as often as in 1963. A desert dampwood Sweeney, R. C. H., 1961, p. 42. (South termite Paraneotermes simplicornis oc- Africa, termite damage to _ stored curred in wood under a home in East products.) Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, and SweeTMaN, H. L., 1965, pp. 1-137. (US., swarms of adults were numerous in damage by 15 domestic termite species homes in that county. Infestations of and several other important families.) subterranean termites (Reticulitermes THEDEN, G., and Becker, G., 1961, pp. 376- sp.) in Nevada homes above 1963 level 409. (Germany, testing and effectiveness and equal to 1962 level. In Iron County, of materials against organisms, includ- Utah, a few houses were found to be ing termites, in the laboratory, wood, infested at Cedar City and elsewhere dur- plastics, etc., summary of results by ing the summer. In Kansas about 6,200 others, bibliography.) buildings were treated, a slight increase U.S. Dept. AcricutturE, PLant Pest Con- over previous years. Winged forms of TROL Div., Coop. Econ. Insect. REpP., Reticulitermes flavipes were reported in 1962, p. 47. (Afghanistan, Microcero- northwestern Arkansas on March 28; termes sp. damaged roof timbers mud in all sections of North Carolina from houses, Helmand Valley; cardboard February through May, with one swarm boxes medical supplies, storeroom from Orange County on August 29. Lashkah Gah.) Large swarms were noted in New Castle 1962b, p. 1063. (U.S., California, injury by termites to fruit and shade trees in- County, Delaware, from mid-March creased in past few years, now con- through April and new infestations in sidered sources of structural infestations.) houses rather numerous, In New Jersey 1962f, p. 125a. (U.S., Ohio, Loudonville, swarms were more widespread than in Knox County, Reticulitermes flavipes, 1963. The first winged forms were re- discarded paper sacks perforated in ported from Saunderstown, Washington house. ) County, Rhode Island, on February 18 1963a, p. 82. (Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, with reports common through mid- Odontotermes sp. infesting a house.) May.) - 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 33 1965c, p. 347. (U.S., Connecticut, swarm- hesperus California infestation in bath ing at Warehouse Point, Hartford area in Lafayette, Contra Costa County; County; Groton, New London County; Hollister, San Benito County; Sacra- and Wethersfield, Hartford County, mento, Sacramento County; Idaho, in- April 7, 1965. New Jersey: swarms con- festation in Blackfoot, Bingham County. tinue to be homeowners’ primary insect 19651, p. 555. (U.S., (week ending May concern. Delaware: _ Reticulitermes 21.) Connecticut, Reticulitermes sp. still flavipes adult flights indicate several new swarming statewide. _—-R eticulitermes house infestations in New Castle hesperus swarming in southern Washoe County.) County, Nevada; treatments on increase 1965d, p. 388. (U.S. Massachusetts, in in Reno-Sparks, Washoe County, and in western section swarms causing increas- Lake Tahoe area. ing number inquiries from homeowners, 1965), p. 586. (U.S., (week ending May Connecticut R. flavipes swarming state- 28), Michigan, Reticulitermes sp. swarm- wide. New York termites frequent, ing in Freeport, Barry County, May 16. problem in Nassau County for past few Utah, in homes of Ogden area, Weber weeks (April 16). New Jersey swarms County.) in many areas. Maryland swarms con- 1965k, p. 657. (U.S., (week ending June tinue at high rate in central and southern 11), Maryland, Reticulitermes virginicus sections of state. North Carolina R. swarmed on numerous properties in flavipes swarming in Wake and Guilford Prince Georges County, more than nor- Counties. Ohio, R. flavipes swarms in mal number reports. Nevada, Paraneo- Cincinatti, Hamilton County and in termes simplicicornis heavy infestation Wayne and Wyandot Counties. Utah floor home Las Vegas, Clark County, R. hesperus infesting several homes in heavy damage. Nebraska, Reticulitermes the Garland-Tremonton area of Box sp. house infestations Lincoln County.) Elder County. Idaho, R. hesperus flight 1965m, p. 732. (U.S., (week ending June at Homedale, Owyhee County, home 25), North Carolina, Reticulitermes infested at Orofino, Clearwater County. virginicus swarmed June 16 in Guilford Washington, R. hesperus winged adults County. New Hampshire, R. flavipes near Endicott, Whitman County.) active in basement of home, Durham.) 1965f, p. 456. (U.S., (week April 30), 1965q, p. 901. (Hawaii, Honolulu, Incisi- Maryland swarms Reticulitermes spp. in termes immigrans (week ending July 30) Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Coun- caused considerable damage to bath- ties and Baltimore. R. vwirginicus room floor, a rare case of infestation in a swarmed in home about April 27 in home of this lowland tree species.) Cleveland County, North Carolina. R. 1965s, p. 944. (South Dakota, near Tyndall, hesperus heavy in three adjacent new Bon Homme County Reticulitermes sp. homes in Reno, Washoe County, Nevada. damaged slab-foundation home.) California, winged forms, principally 1965t, p. 981. (California, Anaheim, R. hesperus, quite prevalent.) Orange County, Reticulitermes tibialis 1965g, p. 490 (U.S., (week ending May 7). damaged arch in home.) Rhode Island, first alates Reticulitermes 1965v, p. 1015. (Minnesota, Windom, in- flavipes on January 19, common since festation in building, week ending mid-March in all parts of state; Ohio August 20. Nebraska, Lincoln, Lan- swarming in Franklin and Hamilton caster County, Reticulitermes spp. infest- Counties. Oklahoma RR. virginicus ing several buildings.) swarming in several locations in Payne, 1965w, p. 1050. (Utah, Logan, Reticult- Noble, and Kay Counties. Idaho home termes hesperus infesting buildings on infested R. hesperus, Orofino, Clear- campus Utah State Univ. and large water County, alates on May 4, Challis, school building. Wisconsin, La Crosse Custer County.) County, Reticulitermes flavipes first re- 1965h, p. 519. (U.S., (week ending May port of activity in large degree this sea- 14). Ohio’ Reticulitermes flavipes son. Week ending August 27.) winged from Franklin and Morrow 1965y, p. 1080. (Wisconsin, Monroe Counties indicate continued swarming in County, Tomah, (week ending Septem- central area. Rhode Island reports and ber 3), Reticulitermes flavipes in build- specimens continue. Reticulitermes ing, new county record.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1965z, p. 1081. (Oregon, Zootermopsis properties, week ending Mar. 11. Vir- angusticollis (week ending September ginia, Reticulitermes sp. adults collected 3), causing usual concern to home in home in Sussex, Sussex County, week owners in western section; heavy flights ending Mar. 11. North Carolina, R. from coast and many mid-Willamette flavipes swarmed in large number March Valley towns.) 4 in Wake County, first swarm of sea- 1965a, p. 1081. (Texas, Cooke County, son. Nevada, Reno, Washoe County, Reticulitermes virginicus (week ending R. hesperus swarming in large numbers September 3), heavy damage to stored in office; week ending Mar. 11.) cotton clothing in warehouses.) 1966}, p. 223. (Maryland Reticulitermes 1965b’, p. 1105. (Wyoming, Casper, (week flavipes swarming inside buildings state- ending September 10), Reticulitermes in- wide, week ending Mar. 18. Colorado, fested Natrona County Hospital. Utah, Cortez area, Montezuma County, R. Sandy, Salt Lake County R. hesperus tibialis swarming, week ending Mar. 18. infested home.) Reticulitermes sp. swarming in Larimer 1965f, p. 1248. (Oklahoma, Oklahoma, County.) Payne and Tulsa Counties, (week ending 19661, pp. 246-247. (Alabama, Henry October 29), Reticulitermes virginicus County, week ending March 25, Reticult- continue swarming in some areas.) termes flavipes, first swarming from de- 19651, p. 1346. (California, Eureka, Hum- caying tree. Maryland, swarming in boldt County (week ending December homes Montgomery and Prince Georges 24), Reticulitermes hesperus heavy in- Counties. Pennsylvania, swarming in festation in city center building.) Centre County. Connecticut, swarming 1965j', p- 1346. (Oregon, Coos County in homes in Plantsville, Hamden, (week ending December 24), Reticult- Windsor, New Haven, Somers, Bridge- termes tibialis infesting trailer house.) port, and Fairfield, mostly last full week 1966, p. 18. (Alabama, Auburn, Lee of March. South Dakota, Reticulitermes County, Reticulitermes flavipes (week sp., week ending March 25, flight near ending Jan. 7), swarms from three home in White River, Mellette County.) homes during past 10 days; tempera- 1966m, p. 286. (Hawaii, Honolulu, Oahu, tures springlike for over 15 days; Mary- Coptotermes formosanus first swarms of land, Baltimore infesting new home.) year in Manoa area, March 14.) 1966b, p. 68. (Oklahoma, Tulsa, Tulsa 1966n, p. 311. (U.S., Maryland, week end- County, Reticulitermes tibialis swarming ing April 8, Reticulitermes flavipes in basement, week ending Jan. 28.) swarmed inside and about houses in 1966c, p. 75. (Hawaii, Oahu, Coptotermes: Prince Georges County. Ohio, peak formosanus and Cryptotermes brevis swarming activity occurred mid- to late- continue to cause considerable losses to February in southern half of state, per- many home owners; on Maui free of sisted about 2 weeks, unusual early C. formosanus prior to 1966, eradication swarming. Utah, R. hesperus present in underway in Wailuku and Waikapu; home in Salina, Sevier County, week Zootermopsis angusticollis in Douglas fir ending April 8, pp. 325-326, summary lumber introduced into Hilo, Hawaii and termite activity 1965.) Honolulu, Oahu, week ending Jan. 28.) 19660, p. 342. (U.S., Connecticut, R. 1966f, p. 122. (Oklahoma, Reticulitermes flavipes, April 13, 1966, swarming in spp. swarming in several areas of state, East Haven, Branford, North Haven, week ending Feb. 18.) Hamden, New Haven, West Haven, 1966g, p. 174. (Maryland, Hyattsville, Bridgeport, and Thompsonville. Illinois, Prince Georges County, Reticulitermes week ending April 15, 1966, R. flavipes flavipes winged emerged inside home, swarming in Champaign-Urbana area. week ending Mar 4.) Texas, week ending April 15, 1966, R. 1966h, p. 202. (New Jersey, Reticulitermes flavipes swarming from house in Bay sp. winged forms active in many City, Matagorda County, house in areas, week ending Mar. 11. Delaware, Floresville, Wilson County, and several Reticulitermes flavipes first swarms in houses in Seguin, Guadalupe, County.) New Castle County first week March. 1966p, p. 3094. (U.S. Massachusetts, Maryland, Hyattsville, Prince Georges Reticulitermes sp., April 30, swarming County, R. flavipes swarming on several near peak in eastern area. Alabama, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 35 week ending April 29, Reticulitermes tions in air terminal building in El Toro, flavipes causing considerable damage to Orange County, Sacramento, Sacramento two farm barns in Clay County, and to County, Atascadero, San Luis Obispo home in Lee County. Nevada, R. tibialis County, and Gilroy, Santa Clara County, medium infestation in home in Win- week ending April 29.) nemucca, Humboldt County, week end- 1966q, p. 417, week ending May 6, R. ing April 29; Reticulitermes sp. swarmed flavipes serious problem in Guilford in Reno-Sparks area April 23-24, medium County, North Carolina to school sys- infestation home Reno, Washoe County. tem, of 42 schools half with spot in- California, R. hesperus heavy infesta- festations.) DAMAGE TO LIVING VEGETATION Arbtey, J. H., CriFForp, L. T., and Gay, cacao by termites not significant. In F. J., 1965, pp. 680-681. (New Guinea, Gazelle Peninsula, Neotermes was be- Coptotermes elisae damage to plantation- ginning to cause widespread damage al- grown hoop pine (Araucaria cunning- though entry through the root system hamii) grown for plywood. Infestation was still not commonly encountered. associated with rotting stumps. By 1963 Damage by termites is largely a matter infestation reached 7.2%. Treatment of of faulty plantation management, remove infested trees by injecting 0.03% diel- Leucaena stumps, proper pruning. In- drin emulsion; residual colonies de- troduce 0.5% solution dieldrin in down- stroyed by injecting arsenical dusts into ward sloping gallery, for largest colony galleries.) 150 cc., p. 85. In pine plantations Copto- Bernarp, J., 1964, pp. 83-85. (Tunis, agri- termes sp. caused increasing damage at culture.) Bulolo and Wau, p. 86.) Brnpra, O .S., 1961, pp. 277-282. (India, Cruz, B. P. B., Ficurrrepo, M. B., ALMEIDA, North West Madhya Pradesh, injury to E., 1962, pp. 189-195. (Brazil, Sao Paulo, crops, young orchard plants, by Odonto- Syntermes sp. damages roots ground termes, Microtermes, Trinervitermes, nuts.) Nasutitermes and Coptotermes.) Cumprr, R. A., and Eyres, A. C., 1961, pp. Brunck, F., 1962, pp. 20-22. (Tropical 426-440. (New Zealand, North Island, Africa, I0 species termites in various (1) one Isoptera damaging major genera pests of forest plantations in fodder crop, p. 429 Kalotermes brouni French-speaking states.) in turnips.) Butani, D. K., 1961, pp. 767-768. (India, Das, G. M., 1962, pp. 229-231. (North-East Bihar, damage to sugarcane. India, live-wood-eating termites Mzcro- CapraL, J. pE S. M. N., 1959, pp. 28-209. cerotermes spp. cause damage of a perma- (Portugal, Reticulitermes lucifugus at- nent nature to tea and the ultimate death tacking trunks Pinus pinaster.) of the bushes, at least 15% of the crop CasteL-Branco, A. J. F., 1963, pp. 17-94. is lost annually. Scavenging termite (Africa, Island S. Thomé nine species Odontotermes spp. may also occasionally of Isoptera noted as pests of cacao.) cause severe damage to individual bushes CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Tuaxur, M. L., after a long period. Attack is made 1963, pp. 635-637. (India, Sarvaritermes through the heartwood, and the destruc- faveolus as pest Alnus nitida in Kulu tion of the frame is rapid in the case of valley, Punjab, attacks aged trees and live-wood-eating termites. From 50% partially dead parts, swarms in laboratory to 100% of the bushes in Darrang and during monsoon in July.) Cachar districts may be more or less Cuuoranl, O. B., 1963, pp. 287-288. (India, seriously affected in most gardens.) interior, Cryptotermes havilandi, distri- 1963, pp. 4-8. (India, termites as im- bution, injury to Ficus bengalensis.) Conroy, W. L., 1963, pp. 85, 86. (New portant pests of tea.) Guinea, Neotermes, in New Ireland Daviv, A. L., Karyanaraman, V. M., and restricted to cacao in vicinity Lakuramau Narayanaswamy, P. S., 1964, p. 369. Plantation. Control of this ground-enter- (India, Madras, Odontotermes obesus ing termite unsuccessful. Except in New damage to sugarcane, notes on locality Ireland and New Britain damage to and infestation.) 36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 DouroJEANNI Ricorpt, M., 1965, p. 29. (Peru, from fire would be practically free from termites that affect the exploitation of the attack.) forests of Peru.) 1962c, pp. 630-651. (Australia, Copto- Dutt, N., 1962, pp. 217-218. (India, Micro- termes acinaciformis foraging galleries termes obesi injures jute since 1954, en- radiate from colonies in trees in coastal ters stem thorugh tap roots, feeds on forests eastern Australia. In living tree stem reducing fiber yield, carry earth central “pipe” eaten out filled with “mud into plant.) gut” material, 15 living trees attacked Fernanpo, H. E., 1962, pp. 205-210. (Ceylon, from central colony, maximum length Neotermes militaris, N. greeni and gallery 156 feet. In Western Australia Glyptotermes dilatatus attack tea and after host trees have been eaten out rubber plants, shade and forest trees; colonies can persist in mounds. Copto- Coptotermes ceylonicus rarely damages termes brunneus, in the Murchison River tea but usually rubber and forest trees, Basin, Western Australia, mound colo- but Neotermes and Glyptotermes are nies occur in sclerophyll woodland and considered to be among the major tea mallee. Foraging galleries, longest 150 pests.) feet, traced to Eucalyptus, adjacent sand Forsytu, J., 1966, pp. 76-78. (Ghana, list impregnated with cementing substance. of termites attacking crops, notes on In both termites invasion of trees through hosts, 1910-1960.) living bark of a root or base of tree Gentry, J. W., 1965, pp. 8-9. (Iran, Iraq, trunk. This is in contrast to entry of roots, stems, field crops damaged by Amr- colony-founding pairs which can only termes vilis. Sudan, crops damaged by enter through a tree injury.) Macrotermes herus. West Pakistan, India, 1963, pp. 74-76. (Australia, eastern Queens- Microtermes obesi attacks roots, crops, and, Coptotermes acinaciformis study houses. Pakistan, India, Odontotermes showed possible relation of termite at- obesus damages crops.) tack on tree to soil type.) Given, B. B., 1964, pp. 25-26. (Cook Islands, 1964, pp. 1-4. (Australia, Coptotermes Calotermes (Neotermes) rainbowi first acinaciformis, C. frenchi, and Porotermes recorded infesting coconut tree trunks adamsoni are the major termite forest about 1904 on Anchorage Isld. In 1941 pests. In the tropical north Mastotermes three-fourths of the palms were infested darwiniensis, in the absence of hardwood and palms were collapsing. A full scale forest, must be included because of exotic attack on the present areas of infesta- trees. Methods of attack varies with tion was recommended in 1960, after species termite. Fire scars main source describing the manner of infestation.) of entry.) Greaves, T., 1961. Termites in forest trees, 1965, p. 46. (Australia, N.S.W., 300-400 p. 39. 1n Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. year old blackbutt trees, termites caused Res. Org., Div. Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. 83%-95% loss; total losses by termites, Rept. (Australia, studies incipient colo- decay and fire varied from 57-65 pounds nies Porotermes adamsont, gallery studies per acre.) Coptotermes acinaciformis have been Greaves, T., McInnes, R. S., and Dowse, continued. Studies of the area covered J. E., 1965, pp. 161-174. (Australia, Bago by individual colonies of termites have State Forest, N.S.W., losses in alpine shown that trees can be attacked from forest trees 60-150 years old by Poro- a central colony in a tree over 100 feet termes adamsoni were 80% of the dam- away.) age, greater than that caused by decay 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia, studies were 13%-36% and fire less than 5%.) conducted to determine the comparative Guactiumi, P., 1962, pp. 405-409. (Vene- losses caused to felled Eucalyptus trees zuela, Heterotermes crinitus and Nasutt- by termites, decay and fire, the per- termes sp. pests sugarcane.) centages charged to termites varied from 45% to 95%.) Gupta, R., and Acarwat, M. K., 1963, pp. 1962a, p. 65. (Australia, N.S.W., Bago 285-287. (India, Odontotermes obesus State Forest, Porotermes adamsont, alpine as a pest of Japanese mint.) ash, losses up to 14.15 pounds per acre. Hart, D. W., 1956, p. 106. (East Africa, Little loss occurs in logs 5 feet in girth, damage to ground nuts before and after if harvested under 7 feet and protected harvest.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER Ey) Harris, W. V., 1961, pp. 1-187. (Tropical KRIsHNAMOORTHY, C., and RAMAsuBBIAH, K., Africa, damage to agricultural crops, 1962, pp. 243-245. (India, Andhra forest trees.) Pradesh, Microtermes obesi and Odonto- 1962a, pp. 1-5. (General, termite control termes obesus are the principal termites in afforestation can be obtained with damaging cultivated crops, the former 8 ounces of dieldrin per acre but might wheat, the latter sugarcane, fruit plants have serious consequences on the role and coconut.) . of termites on soil fertility; damage to Kusuwana, K. S., 1961, pp. 229-230. (India, mature trees by species of Coptotermes Rajasthan, sugarcane crop. in Australia, British Honduras, and 1964a, pp. 107-108. (Idem.) south-east Asia occurs and by drywood MatHen, K., Kurian, C., and MatHew, J., termites in Java, Dominican Republic 1964, pp. 127-136. (India, Odontotermes and East Africa. There is need for obesus, field control infesting germinat- faunal surveys so that protection may ing nuts in coconut nursery.) be given from the more destructive ter- Martuour, R. N., and Sincu, B., 1960, pp. 32, mites until the transplants have out- 34, 37, 41, 57, 73, 91, 110, 119, 136. grown the susceptible stage. The species (India, and adjacent countries, termites of termites to which resistant or treated injurious to forest plants.) woods are exposed in tests should be 1960a, Pp- 27, 30, 34, 41, 47, 70, 75, 83, listed to explain anomalous results in 105, 111. India, and adjacent countries, different areas.) termites injurious to forest plants.) 1963b, pp. 193-201. (106 species phyto- 1961, pp. 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 21, 30, 33, 47, 57 phagous Isoptera in six families feed on 65, 72, 83, 85. (India, and adjacent coun- cultivated trees and crops, list principal tries, termites injurious to forest plants.) species given, methods feeding, and geo- 1961a, pp. 15-16, 35, 49, 92, 97, 106. graphical distribution. Comparison made (India, and adjacent countries, termites between termites feeding on tree crop- injurious to forest plants.) cocoa and field crop-sugarcane.) Menpes, M. A., 1959, pp. 136-137. (Portugal, Herrs, A., 1954, pp. 1-37 (Tropics, plants.) Reticulitermes lucifugus attacking Cas- Hussain, A. A., 1963, pp. 345-348. (Iraq, tanea sativa.) borers on date palms including Micro- Menon, K. R. V., and Panpatat, K. M., 1958, cerotermes diversus, seasonal incidence p. 282. (India, Odontotermes obesus in- and damage described.) jury to coconut palm, control.) INDIAN CocoNnuT JouRNAL, 1962, pp. 165-166. Minko, G., 1965, pp. 1-3. (Australia, Victoria, (Isoptera South East Asia and Pacific Porotermes adamsoni in living Pinus region host list.) radiata.) Inp1AN Inst. SuGARCANE REs., SUGARCANE Net, J. J. C., 1964, pp. 104-110. (South BREEDING, 1962, p. 186. (India, termite Africa, Orange Free State, Hodotermes control for sugarcane.) mossambicus damage to veldt.) 1962a, p. 190. (India, agricultural entomol- PemBerTon, C. E., 1961, p. 197. Abstr., stalk ogy, Isoptera.) borers sugarcane: Isoptera Heterotermes KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1962, pp. 121-137. philippinensis Light Philippines; Masto- (Java, Coptotermes havilandi, damage termes darwiniensis Frogg Queensland; to forest trees, Leguminosae preferred, Termes meridionalis Frogg; Macrotermes Acacia tomentosa, and other legumes gilvus Hag. Philippines, Java; Capri- grow spontaneously in the largely uni- termes nitobei Shir. Formosa; Odonto- form teak plantations, this termite rarely termes formosanus Shir. Formosa; attacks teak, is selective in choice of Reticulitermes speratus Shir. Formosa.) host trees. Often nest in old dead Prota, R., 1962, pp. 1-35. (Sardinia, Kalo- trunks and stumps.) termes flavicollis greatest damage done 1963a, pp. 90-99. (Indonesia and Malaya, in vineyards and woody parts cork trees; Coptotermes curvignathus causing death in southern part of the island swarm trees, host trees and susceptibility to toward end of Sept.; occur up to 3350 attack. Monocotyls as hosts; Java, feet.) Sumatra, Borneo.) RANAWEERA, J. W., 1962, pp. 88-103. (Ceylon Kapur, A. P., 1962, pp. 105-106. (India, tea estates, genera, and species termites Shillong, Assam, Reticulitermes chinensis injurious to living plants, habits, types injury to roots Pinus longifolia in forest.) damage. Some scavengers become pests 38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 when their galleries interfere with nutri- Matupi Plantation, Madang District tion or wound healing of tea bushes. makes primary attack on healthy cacao Neotermes militaris can be controlled by trees.) forcing dieldrin or chlordane emulsion Teotia, T. P. S., Gupta, K. M., Rajant, at 10 pounds pressure into galleries V. G., and Sacar, G., 1963, pp. 203-211. opened by pruning, 2 pints per bush. (Uttar Pradesh, India during hot Keys given for determination most im- weather termites destroy 30%-60% eye portant termites.) buds cane setts.) Rao, D. S., 1958, pp. 200-201. (India, Mysore, Teotia, T. P. S., Rayant, V. G., and Sacar, potato crop in soil, termites eat potato G., 1963, pp. 33-38. (India, Uttar pieces, cutting germination.) Pradesh, treatment of the spring-planted Reppy, D. B., 1962, pp. 225-227. (India practi- sugarcane crop increased the yield, cally every important agricultural crop is dipping the cane setts was as effective attacked by termites at all stages of as spraying; 0.1% gamma BHC to con- growth, Only eight species are im- trol termites.) portant: Odontotermes obesus, O. as- Tuomas, A. S., 1962, pp. 103-108. (Termite smuthi, O. feae, Mucrotermes obesi, mounds of tropics have soils differing Trinervitermes hemi, Coptotermes from those of grasslands in which they heimt, Heterotermes indicola and Neo- are built; some harvester termites destroy termes gardneri. In 1g12 the annual areas of pasture and large mounds of loss to grain crops was 18 million rupees. fungus-eating termites hinder mechani- Microtermes obesi causes an annual loss cal cultivation.) of 6% and occasionally 25% to ger- minating wheat.) Tuomas, R. T. S., 1962, pp. 57-58. (Dutch New Guinea, attack on trees and live, Reiscu, J., 1961, pp. 113-117. (East Africa, garden plants, lists, Coptotermes hyalo- Kenya, forest pests.) apex.) Rose, D. J. W., 1963. (Rhodesias, pests of maize and other cultivated crops.) Tsvetkova, V. P., 1963, pp. 28-36. (U.S.S.R., South of Ukraine, Reticulitermes lucif- Semepo, C. M. B., 1961, p. ror. (Portugal, ugus damage to trees, shrubs, grape- Leucotermes (Reticulitermes) lucifugus vines.) injury to elm trees.) Sen-Sarma, P. K., and Marnuur, R. N., U.S. Dept. Acricutture, PLANT Pest Con- 1961, p. 252. (South India, Trinervi- tTroL Div., Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. termes biformis, damage to plants.) 1962, p. 531. (Sudan, Khasim E] Ghirba district, Macrotermes herus and Odonto- SHarMa, R. C., 1964, pp. 28-30. (India, Ajmer, termes sudanensis serious pests peanuts; Rajasthan, Odontotermes obesus damag- ing sorghum.) p. 54, Sudan, Dongola Merowe district Odontotermes sudanensis seriously in- Smee, L., 1963, pp. 1-19. (Papua and New fested 35% of the date palms.) Guinea, two species of Neotermes; one in New Britain attacks through dead wood 1962b, p. 1053. (U.S., California, Kalo- in aerial parts tree, one in New Ireland termes minor, drywood termite heavy in through roots. apricot trees in yard, Woodside, San 1964, p. 27. (Papua and New Guinea, Mateo County, incidences of infestation Coptotermes elisae attacking live tissue in fruit and shade trees increased in Hevea brasiliensis trees, control.) past few years.) Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, 1963, p. 79-80. (Sudan, Odontotermes pp. 63-77. (Philippines, Kalotermes sudanensis attacked 60% of the date mcegregori and K. taylori attack the living palms in the Dongola-Nile reach, Micro- forest tree ipil-ipil (Leucaena glauca); termes aluco was reported causing slight species of Neotermes infest ipil-ipil, shade damage to cotton in most of the cotton- trees including avocado, cacao, and growing district.) guava.) 1963d, p. 533. (Nevada, Pine Creek, Szent-Ivany, J. J. H., 1961, pp. 127-147. Spring Mountains, Clark County, [ncist- (Papua and New Guinea damage to termes minor injuring velvet ash trees.) cacao by Calotermes papua and Micro- 1963h, p. 1140. (California, Reticulitermes cerotermes biroi.) hesperus, western subterranean termite, 1963, pp. 37-43. (Papua and New Guinea, peach fruit from old orchard found Nasutitermes princeps (Desneux) infested in packing shed on three occa- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 39 sions; this was ripe fruit for cutting Gnathamitermes sp. workers on pasture and drying; most fruit with split pits.) grasses.) 19631, p. 1178. (California, Ducas, Tulare 19651, p. 655. (North Carolina, Kalo- County, Reticulitermes hesperus heavy termes approximatus infested white oak on citrus trees, condition of trees not near Newton Grove, Sampson County, indicated.) infestation 30 feet above ground.) 1963], p. 1264. (Alabama, Reticulitermes 1965n, p. 748. (Texas, Motley County, ter- flavipes present in varying degrees in mites damaged large, spotted areas 55 corn fields in 11 west and southwest pasture grass in Motley County.) counties; 5%-10% of corn stalks com- 1965p, p. 884. (Texas, Montague County pletely “hulled” out and falling in some (week ending July 30), Amitermes sp., fields, especially in new ground areas light local infestations of range grasses.) and several fields near old home sites. 1965q, p. 901. (Honolulu, Hawaii, Incisi- No damage to grain or ears. Downed termes immigrans caused considerable cornstalks will affect harvest.) damage to bathroom floor, rare case of 1963m, p. 1368. (Alabama, Reticulitermes infestation in a house of this lowland flavipes in cornstalks in 13 counties in tree species—week ending July 30.) west and northwest areas; also in Clay, 1965u, p. 1002. (California, Summit City, Coosa, and Chambers Counties.) Shasta County, medium infestation in 1964d, p. 360. (Florida, Cryptotermes roots pepper plants, week ending cavifrons infested considerable number August 20.) cabbage palms in Dixie County, in 1965x, p. 1078. (Missouri, Callaway County, trunks some trees wind breakage fol- Fulton area, Reticulitermes flavipes in- lowed. Aeticulitermes sp. severely dam- festing chrysanthemums, week ending age yew at College Park, Prince Georges September 3.) County, Md.) 1965c,, p. 1125. (Delaware, New Castle 1964g, p. 1131. (Florida, Kalotermes ap- County, Reticulitermes flavipes unusual proximatus infesting dead wood area in infestation in stems living geranium living dogwood tree at Gainesville, plants, week ending September 17.) Alachua County.) 1965d°, p. 1184. (Ohio, Darke County, 1964h, p. 1164. (California, Fremont, termites unspecified species feeding on Alameda County Reticulitermes hesperus sweet corn in garden, week October 8.) invaded nursery cans of young citrus 1965g,, p. 1264. (Oklahoma, Grandfield trees and girdled plants.) area, Tillman County (week ending 19641, p. 1186. (Alabama, Reticulitermes Nov. 5) Gnathamitermes tubiformans flavipes destroying cornstalks in southern moderate to heavy on grass and dead parts state to Tennessee Valley, infesta- weeds on roadsides and in pastures.) tions heavier in late corn and smaller 1965h’, p. 1265. (North Carolina, Fayette- fields bordering woods and fence rows. ville, Cumberland County, July 9, Kalo- In Lee County several stalks sugarcane termes approximatus in walnut tree.) destroyed.) 1966d, p. 96. (Texas, Amitermes sp. pest 1964j, p. 1190. (Alabama, Reticulitermes of small grains oats Madison County, flavipes destroying mature watermelons week ending Feb. 4.) in Morgan County.) 19661, p. 222. (Indiana, Richmond, Wayne 1964k, p. 1192. (Florida, Reticulitermes County, Reticulitermes sp. workers at- flavipes 10% of 5000 peat and peperomia tacking juniper grafts in greenhouse, samples severely damaged in nursery at week ending Mar. 18.) Apopka, Orange County.) 1966k, p. 246. (Florida, Gainesville, 1965, p. 241. (California, Fresno, Reticuli- Alachua County, Kalotermes approxt- termes hesperus damaging rooting grape matus in branch scars and tree holes cuttings.) laurel oak, mid-March.) 1965b, p. 340. (Florida, Fort Lauderdale, Urnaisitp, C., 1962a, pp. 493-502. (Siam, Broward County, Reticulitermes hageni control ground termites.) in areas between bark and apparently Van Ark, H., 1961, pp. 46-48. (South Africa, healthy wood at ground level upward Karoo, Hodotermes mossambicus dam- to 10-12 inches, grapefruit tree, not age by harvesting.) burrowed. ) 1964, pp. 121-124. (South Africa, Hodo- 1965e, p. 417. (Texas, Montague County, termes mossambicus, Microhodotermes SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 viator and Trinervitermes harvesting nursery most economical; insecticide termites pests of the karoo.) mixed in potting soil as dust or watered Werner, H., 1962, pp. 86-93. (Sudan, pests on young stock as an emulsion. In deep of cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood stakes, planting field treatment necessary, mix Microtermes thoracalis most injurious, insecticide in hole when planting.) Pseudacanthotermes harrisensis damaged Wiis, R. M. C., 1965, pp. 675-676. stakes.) British Honduras, Coptotermes niger Witkinson, W., 1965, pp. 669-670. (Damage attacking Pinus caribaea, 80% frequency to living trees falls into two main di- infestation of this highly resinous forest visions, colony based on and confined tree in some areas. Brown rot, Lentinus to single tree, restricted range termites; pallidus, is present in all cases heartwood free range termites, forage distance from infestation; termite infestation wholly nests, colony attacks many trees. For- secondary. Laboratory tests show scarcely mer confined to primitive Kalotermitidae any feeding in sound untreated heart- and Termopsidae, latter include Masto- wood, length life in rotton heartwood termitidae, Hodotermitidae, Rhinotermi- grossly greater. Greater part of repel- tidae, and Termitidae. Free range ter- lence to feedjng removed by removal mites in Africa damage both young and of turpentine fractions.) old trees in plantations. Coptotermes 1965a, pp. 1-31. (Idem., also general col- principal attacker grown trees. By far greatest damage to young trees by the lection of termites from British Honduras Termitidae, Control by destruction nests and adjacent countries.) or by preventing approach, former Wynicer, R., 1962, p. 12, 457-463. (Warm method uses toxic smoke or fluid, latter climates, Isoptera injury to crops, termite by repellents. Treatment young plants in species listed under crops.) DETECTION Deoras, P. J., 1962, pp. 101-103. (India, ment to seal off galleries;s The mound Bombay, Odontotermes mound-building builders bring up soil into their large termites primary colony and queen cell galleries. 110 different species damage located by magnetic compass, queen buildings, etc., in various parts of the parallel to magnetic meridian.) world, 50 are regular pests.) Harris, W. V., 1961a, pp. 228-232. (General, ScHERZINGER, B. C., 1962, p. 66. (US., drywood termites can be detected by subterfuges to cover up signs of infesta- small holes on surface of wood, closed tions by subterranean termites in order by a hard plug and pellets of excrement. to sell buildings. Paint walls and wood, Subterranean termites build covered run- tube will show under one coat paint, ways over surfaces, they use their excre- cover over damaged wood, etc.) DIGESTION Rao, K. P., 1962, pp. 71-72. (India, Hetero- damage. The decomposition of the termes indicola, experiments with freshly chemical elements of pine heartwood and collected termites and those with the sapwood during digestion by Kalotermes symbiotic protozoa removed showed that flavicollis was determined analytically termites possess in the middle and after the insects had been kept on wood posterior regions of the gut a number samples of given composition and of proteolytic enzymes for protein di- weight. So the average feeding capacity gestion. These enzymes are produced and substance loss through respiration by the gut itself. Cathepsin, however, could be determined per specimen. Only only present in the freshly collected ter- a small remainder of cellulose, probably mites, is produced by the symbionts, combined with lignin is left. The deci- where with the protozoa its activity is sive effect on the hydrolysis of poly- highest in the anterior part of the gut.) saccharides of termite protein is dis- SeiFerT, K., 1962, pp. 161-168. (Chemical cussed. Lignin is decomposed to a change in the wood cell wall components smaller extent, in this process proto- under the influence of animal and plant catechuic aldehyde is produced. Wood NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 41 in an early stage of brown rot showed posed imperfectly only. Decomposition approximately the same degrees of de- wood determined by ferment system ef- composition as sound wood. Analysis of fective on the lignin. White rot fungi beech wood and termite pellets showed possess such a ferment, brown rot fungi quite similar degradation, with some do not. The defensive properties of divergences. ) wood can be detected biologically but 1963, pp. 85-96. (Chemical parallels in not by chemical analysis. The activities the decomposition of wood substance by of enzymes of wood destroyers react in organisms, fungi, and Kalotermes flavi- the same way as the corresponding sub- collis. Chemically, decomposition of strates are concentrated in the wood.) wood effected by animals and fungi Yoxoe, Y., 1964, pp. 115-120. (Japan, cellu- according to definite laws. Metabolism lase activity in the termite Leucotermes as follows: participation of carbohydrates speratus, with new evidence in support takes place within a major range of de- of a cellulase produced by the termite composition, when lignin can be decom- itself.) DISEASES, HUMAN, PLANT, AND TERMITE Hactey, E. A. C., 1964, pp. 905-906. (Role insects as vectors red ring disease coconut palm in Trinidad.) DISTRIBUTION AumaD, M., 1962, pp. 67-68. (West Pakistan, Bourton, A., 1958, pp. 198-209. (Africa, greater part arid, termite fauna not Katanga list of 2 families, 5 subfamilies, rich, yet 41 species occur including 8 22 genera, 54 species, and 1 subspecies undescribed. In the families Kalotermiti- (as of 1956), as comparing with 3 fami- dae, Hodotermitidae and Rhinotermiti- lies, 7 subfamilies, 57 genera, 306 species, dae only two species occur in each. The and 11 subspecies for the Belgian termitid genera include Odontotermes, Congo.) Microtermes, Miucrocerotermes, Eremo- Bourton, A., Lexie, R., and Martuot, G., termes, Amitermes, Capritermes, and 1962, pp. 1-35. (Africa, ecological prob- Angulitermes.) lem nests Apicotermes, in forest, savanna, Basin, N. A., 1963, pp. 48-49. (Punjab, mobility of the society, horizontal and India, list 16 species termites in 10 genera vertical distribution, influence of differ- and 4 families, soldiers and imagos ent microclimate, distribution species re- measured, described, and drawn. Ab- lated to types of vegetation, altitude, soil, stract paper presented at 34th ann. meet- and the barrier which bounds the flow ing Colo. State Univ., May 3-4, 1963.) of the Congo River.) Becker, G., 1962, pp. 143-165. (Collecting Butter, G. D., 1961, p. 381. (Laysan Island, notes and observations for India between Cryptotermes brevis.) September and December 1956, habitats Crace, C. F., 1965a, p. 15. (Guam, a termite and previous records are given, maps different from Coptotermes formosanus show distribution, nests, and damage and Prorhinotermes inopinatus found figured, and the most important eco- within 100 yards of edge of Apra Inner nomically for buildings are listed; three Harbor. Nearly 1000 specimens workers, new species were found, one the first soldiers and a few nymphs found in 2 representative of a new genus, have been wooden boxes on ground. Two types described by others.) soldiers present.) Brese, W., 1924, p. 101. (Galapagos Islands, Coaton, W. G. H., 1962b, pp. 144-156, pls. Eden Island, under small bit of lava 1-6, 9-11. (South Africa, Kruger Natl. limited colony of termites, tunnels several Park, survey of Isoptera, 330 termite ac- inches into soil, no queen, soldiers like cessions were gained in 1959-1960, in the workers unusually elongated.) families Kalotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, Ber-Bienxo, G. Ya., 1964, pp. 174-176. (Euro- Rhinotermitidae, and Termitidae. Of the pean SSSR, Kalotermitidae and Rhino- 32 genera of Isoptera recorded from the termitidae.) Republic of South Africa only 10 have SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 not been found in Kruger Natl. Park. Jamestown, as early as 1863 termite A new species of Apicotermes was col- damage to buildings occurred, sup- lected and the new genus Fulleritermes posedly introduced 20 years previously in formed of species erroneously in Coarcto- timber from the Guinea Coast. This termes Holmgren, s. lat. Distribution proved to be Heterotermes platycephalus maps for South Africa are appended Froggatt of Australia. Cryptotermes for Epicalotermes Silv., Bifiditermes brevis was discovered at Jamestown in Krish., Odontotermes WHolmg., Poro- 1939, thus combining the damage caused termes Hag., Kalotermes Hag., Tri- by a drywood termite with that of a sub- nervitermes Holmg., Apicotermes terranean.) Holmg,. Coarctotermes Holmg. s. str., 1962, pp. 614-617. (Termites are found in and Fulleritermes gen. nov. France, Germany, and all countries on 1963, pp. 38-50. (South Africa, Kalahari the Mediterranean and Black Sea; the thornveld and bushveld, survey of native European Reticulitermes lucifugus Isoptera. The only mounds encountered a subterranean termite and Kalotermes in Kalahari Gemsbok Park were con- flavicollis a drywood termite and the structed by species of Trinervitermes; the immigrant from the United States, only other termite with readily visible Reticulitermes flavipes. In Italy growing surface structures were the small peaked concern for damage to old buildings be- dumps of Hodotermes mossambicus. tween 1940 and 1945 led the govern- Maps show the route traveled, the ment to set up a commission to study the distribution in the Republic of South problem. In France about the same time Africa of the genera Hodotermes, Psam- it was discovered damage was not re- motermes, Microcerotermes, Amitermes, stricted to old buildings and that they Lepidotermes, Cubitermes, — Promiro- were present in 25 departments south of termes, Angulitermes, Allodontermes, the River Loire in the southwest and Macrotermes, Odontotermes, — Micro- south and in 4 “arrondisements” of termes, Trinervitermes, and Fullert- Paris. Kalotermes flavicollis does not termes. Collecting sites and nests are reach so far north, stopping at the Pyre- figured.) nees. It not only damages vines, but 1964, pp. 90-103. (National survey termites the wood of bridges, mooring posts South Africa, 31 genera, 6 Kalotermiti- and buildings. Polyethylene and Poly- dae, 4 Hodotermitidae, 3 Rhinotermiti- urethane foam plastics have been dam- dae, the remaining genera 13 are Termi- aged by termites, not for nourishment tidae, distribution and nesting given.) but to use in building shelter tubes.) Fernanpo, H. E., 1962, pp. 205-210. (Ceylon, 1963, pp. 1-9. (Hong Kong, 7 species ter- 3 families, 23 genera, 61 species, 49 forms mites known, 1 Kalotermitidae, 2 Rhino- peculiar to Ceylon, lists 10 very common termitidae, 4 Termitidae, compared with species, general biology, winged adults 25 for China.) are produced at earliest in 2 years and 1963a, pp. 1-43. (Africa, Congo, Garamba 7 months, neoteinics develop as needed. Natl. Park, Guinean savanna type ter- Kalotermitidae damage tea and rubber.) mite fauna, 34 species listed, 4 new; GuiLarov, M. S., 1962a, pp. 131-135. 1 Kalotermitidae, 2 Rhinotermitidae, 31 (U.S.S.R., European portion, termites Termitidae. ) Reticulitermes lucifugus in Ukraine in Hicxin, N. E., 1963, pp. 267-284. (Europe, south, northern border of range, subter- Reticulitermes lucifugus, var. santonensis ranean type, Calotermes flavicollis oc- of the Charente Maritime, France, has curs in Caucasus only. Central Asia, larger colonies and is more injurious than Turkmenia, Microcerotermes sp., Ami- termes vilis, Anacanthotermes ahn- R. lucifugus, it is more robust than the gerianus, and A. turkestanicus, two latter typical form of the Dordogne Valley soil termites, associated with certain plant in the edges of woodland of maritime species, A. turkestanicus is less xero- pine. Kalotermes flavicollis is found at philous and hence more injurious.) Banyuls-sur-mer on the Mediterranean Gongatves, C. R., and Sirva, A. G. A., 1962, coast of France, it damages the stocks of pp. 193-208. (Brazil, 51 species termites the older grapevines. It cuts the life of listed, with notes.) the vine stock. R. Jucifugus occurs in the Harris, W. V., 1953, pp. 13-14. (St. Helena, Banyuls in dead pine stumps.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 43 Hocxine, B., 1965, pp. 83-87. (East and of the Toronto area in 1952-1953 showed South Africa, notes on 18 species termites only slight extensions of previously from 11 localities.) known infested zones and no new in- Ikenara, S. (1957) 1963, pp. 9-14. (Ryukyu festations. More recent surveys in Islands, termite fauna, 9 species, 4 Kalo- Toronto have indicated extensions of in- termitidae, 2 Rhinotermitidae, 3 Termiti- festations both in the eastern and western dae, listed as common, rare and one parts of the city.) Kalotermitidae as doubtful, map show- Krauss, N. L. H., 1961, p. 415. (Cook Islands, ing distribution, economic significance Aitutaki, Cryptotermes domesticus in discussed, damage to buildings and plywood desk.) trees and nests illustrated.) Linstey, E. G., and Usincer, R. L., 1966, 1961, pp. 1-3. (Japanese Archipelago, pp. 125-126. (Galapagos Islands, list of formula developed to determine the six species of termites and distribution northernmost limits of geographical distri- on various islands: bution of termites at the northern hemi- Fam. Kalotermitidae: sphere. Data given on temperature (in Kalotermes darwini Light C.) for knowing northwest limits of - subgenus Cryptotermes termites in Ryukyu and Japanese Archi- galapagoensis Banks pelago. Pt (lowest preferred tempera- immigrans Snyder ture)—At (mean daily temperature in * fatulus Light coldest month)+DT (difference of subgenus Cryptotermes mean daily temperature between inside pacificus Banks the nest and outside in the coldest month Fam. Rhinotermitidae: at the northern limit.) Hodotermopsis Heterotermes orthognathus Light.) japonicus—1.6; Kalotermes koshunensis Losinsky, W. A., 1958. (Termites in south —o.9, K. kotoensis—o.7, K. fuscus 0.5; Ukraine.) Leucotermes speratus 7.6; Coptotermes Luscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, air- formosanus—0.5; Odontotermes formo- conditioning nests has made Macro- sanus—1.3; Eutermes takasagoensis 1.3. termes independent of outside tempera- A map shows the northern limits of ter- ture and humidity and the widest distri- mite distribution in the Ryukyu and bution of all African termites.) Japanese Archipelago.) Macnay, C. G., 1963, p. 105. (Canada, Jacquiot, M. C., 1965, pp. 623-625. (France, Reticulitermes flavipes near Kincardine a colony of Reticulitermes santonensis at railway station Ontario 10 years after Varennes-sur-Loire (Meuse et Loire.), report in 1954.) damage in area and control.) Matsuzawa, H., 1963, pp. 99-104. (Japan, Kirsy, C. S., 1965, pp. 310-314. (Ontario, Shikoku Islands, distribution Kalotermes Canada, Reticulitermes flavipes has been (Glyptotermes) fuscus (Oshima), K. present for over 25 years. Economic (G.) satsumensis (Matsumura), Hodo- damage was first reported in 1944 and termopsis japonicus Holmgren.) has increased considerably in the last Matsuzawa, H., and Tant, S., 1962, pp. 247- decade, particularly in the Toronto re- 248. ((Formosa) Japan, distribution gion. Termites have been found in four Katan termite Glyptotermes fuscus in other localities in the Province.) southeastern district of Shikoku.) Kirsy, C. S., and Harnpen, A., 1963, p. I. Norrort, C., 1960, pp. 19-24. (South Africa, (Canada, Ontario, termites in, Reticuli- lists 1 Calotermitidae, 2 Termopsidae, termes flavipes collected at Point Pelee, 2 Hodotermitidae, 2 Rhinotermitidae, Essex County, 1929; more recently in 5 Termitidae.) Windsor and Oxley also in Essex County, Nuttine, W. L., 1965a, pp. 1-5. (U.S., South- Kincardine in Bruce County and Toronto west, northern Mexico, distribution in York County. In 1948 a survey in seven species of economic importance.) the City of Toronto showed eight heavy Pautian, R., 1961, pp. 138, 385. (Malagasy: but extremely localized infestations in Order Isoptera comprises 66-67 species the southeastern part. Reexamination of of which 4 are not endemic, distributed the bait stakes in 1949 showed there in 17 genera of which 2 are endemic. had been very little spread except of The affinities are clearly African, never- an isolated case in the adjacent part of theless Malagasitermes milloti is Asiatic. Scarborough Township. A second survey Microcerotermes is represented by 15 44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 species, Nasutitermes by 10. Plate VIII, almost absent. A map shows | this p. 148, shows Coarctotermes clepsydra distribution.) mounds. Neotermes europae occurs on Stirn, J., 1963, pp. 239-269. (Yugoslavia, the Island of Europa.) distribution Kalotermes flavicollis and 1962, p. 275. (Cryptotermes brevis collected Reticulitermes lucifugus, localities on at Tananarive, known _ distribution map.) shown.) U.S., Dept, AcricuLturE, PLant Pest Con- RicHmonp, E. A., 1962, p. 77. (U.S., Missis- TROL Div., 1963d, p. 533. Miscellaneous sippi, Horn Island off Biloxi, Kalotermes insects. (Nevada, Pine Creek, Spring snyderi, Reticulitermes sp.) Mountains, Clark Co., Incisitermes minor Roonwat, M. L., and Bosz, G., 1964, pp. injuring velvet ash trees.) VI-58. (India, Rajasthan, termite fauna 1963e, p. 698. Hawaiian insect notes. recorded, 19 species and subspecies in (Maui, Wailuku, April 23, 1963, Copto- 12 genera and 3 families, 3 new sub- termes formosanus infesting building, species, divisions State Rajasthan shown another at Kahului; infestations localized on map as well as collecting sites.) and “ground termite free” Maui will Roonwat, M. L., and Cuuorant, O. B., attempt to eradicate this termite.) 1962b, pp. 281-406. (India, Assam region 1963g, p. 1120. Household and Structural described, map, 34 termites described, insects. (North Dakota, Reticulitermes 13 new species or subspecies with flavipes, east central McKenzie County localities. ) RoonwaL, M. L., CuuHotani, O. B., and one location, and in central Billings Bosz, G., 1962, pp. 51-54. (India, County two locations. Reticulitermes tibialis, east-central McKenzie County African genus Psammotermes and South and central Billings County, two loca- American genus Anoplotermes found in tions, southwestern Slope County and desert areas of Rajasthan and Assam re- northwestern Slope County, two loca- spectively, P. rajasthanicus Roonwal and tions. Reticulitermes sp. in eastern Bose and A. shillongensis Roonwal and Emmons County.) Chhotani, distribution maps.) Rut, D., 1963, pp. 146-152. (Italy, Venice, 1964a, p. 222. Hawaiian insect notes. Reticulitermes lucifugus exists in di- Maui, Kahului, and Wailuku, Copto- verse focal areas in Venice Euganea e termes formosanus discovered in April Giulia; there is a general infestation in 1963, eradication program instituted.) all the Province of the southern region.) 1964e, p. 363. (Nye County, Nevada, In- Russo, G., 1963, pp. 210-217, (F. Silvestri’s cisitermes minor recorded.) termite collections from five continents, VisHnor, H. S., 1962, pp. 107-109. (India, with localities, dates, list of species and Delhi, list of termites and habits of 11 termitophiles.) of 13 species recorded, Eremotermes Sirvestri, F., 1959, pp. 1-784. (General, paradoxalis do not shed wings until they itinerary and records of F. Silvestri, pub- pair, Microtermes mycophagus fungus lished after his death, collecting locali- bed in shelter tubes of damaged office ties, notes, photos, etc.) table.) Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, pp. Vit, J. P 1952, pp. 127-128. (Central, Calo- 63-77. (Philippines, 54 species termites, termes flavicollis, a few species in Medi- 18 genera known.) terranean area, a few general notes on Souza, Lopes, H. ve., 1941, p. 642. (Brazil, habits, distribution, damage.) systematic list of Isoptera collected.) Weiner, H., 1962b, pp. 86-93. (Africa, Spencer, G. J., 1963, p. 18. (Canada, Queen Sudan, list of six Macrotermitidae and Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, first two Termitidae.) record Zootermopsis; extension range.) SPRINGHETTI, A., 1963b, pp. 105-122, (Sicily, 1963, pp. 409-411. (Africa, Sudan, 1962, Kalotermes flavicollis is more frequent Psammotermes fuscofemoralis and Ami- than Reticulitermes lucifugus but the termes messinae.) two species have a very similar distribu- Wueeer, G. C., and WHeeELer, J., 1963, tion. Both live from o to past 1000 meters pp. 190-193.: (U.S., North Dakota, Re- above sea level, but along the coast it ticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. tibialis is a zone from a few meters to some Banks, record, key to separate, Reticul1- hundred meters where R. lucifugus is termes sp., workers only. R. flavipes, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 45 McKenzie and Billings counties: R. Isoptera, Palearctic, Central China sub- tibialis, McKenzie, Billings and Slope region, Oriental, China-Burma and counties; Reticulitermes sp., workers, Southern tropical, faunal regions.) McKenzie, Billings and Emmons coun- Zonpac, R., and Gitmour, J. W., 1963, pp. ties.) 40-42, (New Zealand, list of termites in Yu, C. W., and Pine, C. M., 1964, pp. 10-24. plantations and shelter belts of exotic (China, studies on faunal regions of conifers. ) EMBRYOLOGY Gabe, M. and Norrot, C., 1961a, pp. 411-430. Droplets of neutral fats are found be- (Histochemical data in the oogenesis tween the vitelline platelets. The consti- of six species of Termitidae. Prior to tution of the follicles is completed at the meiosis, the cytoplasm of the oocytes con- beginning of interphasis. Important tains only little ribonucleic acids and histochemical modifications accompany proteins. The amount of lipids varies the classical structural changes of follicle from one ovariole to the other. A great cells; to be noted in particular a great increase of both ribonucleic acids and increase in the ribonucleic acid content. protein occurs at the end of the first Polysaccharides, proteins, and neutral fats meiotic prophase; the fat content remains also appear in the follicle cells during unchanged. The important increase in previtellogenesis. These histochemical size of the oocyte at the beginning of peculiarities are related to the part played interphasis results in a diminution of by the follicular epithelium in building both ribonucleic acids and proteins. At this stage detectable polysaccharides ap- up the oocytes with various metabolites.) pear in the cytoplasm of the oocytes Mukerji, D., and CuHowpnHurt, R., 1962, which contain large amount of lipids. pp. 77-95. (India, Odontotermes rede- During vitellogenesis, the cytoplasm of manni, detailed descriptions develop- the oocytes contains small quantities of mental stages, miucropyles, embryonic glycogen. Tests confirm the carbohy- disc, etc., in general as described by drate-protein constitution of the yolk. Knower for Eutermes rippertii.) EVOLUTION Emerson, A. E., 1961, pp. 115-131. (General, to Oviposition. Wood-eating cockroach vestigial characters of termites and Cryptocercus punctulatus only very processes of regressive evolution.) distantly related to the Panesthiinae, 1962, Pp. 17-30. (General, phylogenetic should be placed in Cryptocercidae.) advance, primitive condition, derivative 1964, pp. 1-197. (Mastotermes darwiniensis condition, improved homeostasis; regres- description of genital area, figured and sion, reduction mandibles.) compared with that of cockroaches, no 1962a, pp. 247-254. (Human cultural evo- muscled specimens available, p. 52. The lution and its relation to organic evolu- proventriculus of Mastotermes darwinien- tion of termites; biological evolution of sis as well as those of Zootermopsis sp. termites is toward improved homeostasis and Nasutitermes sp. when compared or an increased regulation of optimal with those of cockroaches is distinctly conditions of existence and continuance, primitive, p. 74. Other authors present and cultural evolution of man are prob- morphological and biological data to ably based upon similar principles.) show the relationship between termites McKirrrick, F. A., 1963, p. 3045. (Phyletic and cockroaches, pp. 98 on. Probably the relationships of cockroaches and termites, Blattaria are a suborder of the Dicty- comparative morphology proventriculus, optera with the mantids and the ter- female genitalia, comparative oviposition mites the other suborders. Miss McKit- behavior. All cockroaches and _ the trick believes cockroaches have slowly primitive termite Mastotermes dar- declined since the Carboniferous period?) winiensis deposit eggs in oothecae prior 1965, pp. 18-22. (Morphological evidence 325-491 O - 68 - 4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 indicates that the Blattaria and Isoptera are recognized. Cryptocercus is placed are more closely allied than generally in the Cryptocercidae most closely allied recognized. Five families of cockroaches to the Blattidae.) EXPERIMENTATION AsusHaMa, F. T., 1964, pp. 148-150. (Labora- pp. 157-160. (Germany, correlation of tory experiments, Zootermopsis angustt- respiration intensity of termites with collis antennal olfactory receptors proven changes in the impulse frequency of by electrophysiological methods. Isolated atmospherics.) antennae of older nymphs gave better Goésswatp, K., 1962a, pp. 605-610. (Germany, results than from intact ones.) Kalotermes flavicollis in laboratory, Thio- Becker, G., and Pucuett, D., 1961, pp. dan causes excitation in course poison- 110-116. (Laboratory experiments with ing which increases rate respiration.) Reticulitermes lucitfugus, R. luctfugus Grassg£, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1960a, pp. var. santonensis, and R. flavipes under 323-331. (France, Calotermes flavicollis controlled conditions of temperature and nymphs of the last and next to last stages humidity to determine rate of feeding were maintained in solitary rearing for and mortality. In glass tubes filled with more than a year. They molt rarely sand, wood deterioration by flavipes at and regressively, Survival of solitary in- high humidity was 10% more than dividuals depends on their obtaining santonensis, when soil had a lower water proctodeal food containing the indis- content santonensis had twice as large as pensable symbiotic flagellates. Nymphs flavipes, latter has greater need of of the last stage may transform to humidity.) imagines or sexual neoteinics. Rearing Breapy, J. K., and FriepMan, S., 1963, pp. of solitary individuals shows the value 337-347. (Reticulitermes flavipes, early of the group effect on the individual. death of premoult fifth instar workers It is possible that other factors are in- exposed to high oxygen tensions under volved.) pressure due to oxygen and not pressure Kuatsa, H. G., Nica, B. S., and AcARWwAL, per se. Exposure for one-half hour to P. N., 1964, pp. 341-344. (Antitermite 40% oxygen mixed with nitrogen at 3.5 tests with thermocoustic board.) atmospheres of pressure produces early Koover, J., 1964, pp. 2887-2889. (Chemical death, but carbon dioxide appears to changes in poplar wood shavings under exert a protective effect, since 70% or influence of Microcerotermes edentatus.) more oxygen is required to kill when 1964a, pp. 491-510. (Comparison made on mixed with this gas. The consequence ability Microcerotermes edentatus to of exposure to these concentrations of utilize sound wood and wood partially oxygen assumes its final form at the decayed by fungi; decayed wood pre- onset of ecdysis, when the premoult ferred, termites attracted by degradation animals become paralyzed, incapable of products. Some fungi produce toxic sub- moulting, and die within 2 days. The stances. M. edentatus possesses enzymes intestinal protozoa of the fifth instar other than cellulase and cellobiase, which worker are killed at a concentration of degrade lignin, termites modify wood 30% oxygen when mixed with carbon differently than primitive species with dioxide and 60% oxygen when mixed with nitrogen at this pressure, so they intestinal flagellate symbiotes.) are probably not involved in the poison- Osman, F. H., and Krorr, W., 1961, pp. ing of the termite. Adult secondary re- 383-395. (Germany, insecticidal action of productives and soldiers are unaffected different constituents of venom of For- by oxygen at 3.5 atmospheres of pressure, mica polyctena Forst on old larvae of as are second instar larvae.) Kalotermes flavicollis and other insects. Cottins, M. S., and Ricuarps, A. G., 1962, Formic acid in vapor states showed ter- p. 514. (Caste and age differences in mite larvae, with their delicate integu- rate of water loss and response to peanut ment, were comparatively remarkably oil and alumina in termites of Eastern susceptible. Dry residue of venom had U.S.A., Abs.) no insecticidal action, hence formic acid DamascukeE, K., and Becker, R. G., 1964, most active component. The Oz— con- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 47 sumption of the insects was greatly sup- 1960b, pp. 141-145. (Italy, Kalotermes pressed after exposure to the venom.) flavicollis, orthodichlorobenzene applied Rescia, G., 1960, pp. 89-109. (Italy, Kalo- to filter paper above termites in a closed termes flavicollis kept in artificial nests petri dish. The fumigant was rapid in exposed to gamma BHC on soil in con- action, and the stages of intoxication fined space. Mortality slow, heaviest at were not as distinct as for gamma BHC. highest and lowest humidities.) Initial and total knockdown usually oc- 1960a, pp. 115-135. (Italy, Kalotermes curred in 2-10 and 12-36 minutes, re- flavicollis, symptoms of BHC poisoning spectively.) on termites confined with small sheet of glass sprayed with 1 or 0.5% BHC. ScumipT, H., 1961, pp. 8-11. (Europe, Ger- Stages of initial and total knockdown, many, the effect of X-ray on the wood following a period of excitement, oc- destroying termite Reticulitermes.) curred after 5-20 and 30-55 minutes, 1963, pp. 20-23. (Germany, results of ex- respectively, on glass sprayed the same periments with Reticulitermes flavipes day and after 35-45 and 60-110 minutes and /ucifugus as laboratory animals, and on glass treated up to 12 days previously. their biological and test techniques Termites left in contact with the toxicant characteristics were compared.) died in 3.5 days, but survived for up to Sen-Sara, P. K., 1964, pp. 300-314. (Effects 13 days if removed after knockdown. The loss of intestinal symbionts, either of temperature and relative humidity on from gamma BHC or excessive excre- the longevity of pseudoworkers of Kalo- tion produced by it, prevented termites termes flavicollis described and_ illus- from assimilating wood.) trated.) FLIGHT * KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1962, pp. 121-137. exit holes, alates emerge singly. After (Java, Coptotermes havilandi, Bogor, swarm workers seal holes, sexes more or September at twilight at 6 or 6:30 p.m. less equal in proportion. Wings shed by even as late as 10:30 emerging in large violent up and downward bending fol- numbers from slits in the woodwork of lowed by lateral twist of abdomen, Call- buildings near the ground.) ing attitude taken by female only after Norrot, C., and Bopor, P., 1964, pp. 3357- wings shed, attraction visual not scent. 3359. (Flight of Allognathotermes Tandem behavior only female male.) hypogeus north of savanna of Dabou, Wixinson, W., 1962, pp. 265-286. (West Ivory Coast, winged issue from sub- Africa, Nigeria, Cryptotermes havilandi, terranean nests April 19, 1962, May 20, alate at first positively phototactic, main 1963 simultaneously from large number nests.) flights at dusk between 6 and 7 p.m.; Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1962, pp. 292-297. (India, heavy flights continue until ro p.m. Peak Dehra Dun, Odontotermes assmuthi of activity in drier months January and flight 4th week June, only a single swarm February but flights occur every month. after heavy shower rain, about 4:30 p.m. After a change to negative phototaxis while enough sunlight, no flight when and shedding of wings, a nest site is cloudy. Soldiers and workers guard sought; no tandem behavior.) FOOD, TERMITES AS Connors, J., 1963, p. 2B. (U.S., Hialeah, American Medical Association. The pa- Florida, a case believed to be unique in tient had been living in a 15-year-old medical history of a 26-year-old house- frame house and eating dinner in a wife, when hospitalized for severe darkened room, while watching tele- cramps and abdominal pain, physicians vision. This room had sagging wooden discovered numerous termites living in strips hanging from the ceiling. Winged her stomach. This case is described in insects in the room had been identified the current issue of the Journal of the as termites. The patient received no * Most records of indoor flights are under the heading ‘‘Damage.” 48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 therapy, the termites passed from her tradition, crude and primitive culture, body, recovery was uneventful.) unknown’ whether similar tradition Fox, R. M., and Fox, J. W., 1964, p. 20. among other chimpanzee populations.) (Africa, swarming termites, dealated, Reynotps, W. B., Jr., 1963, p. 426. (US., fried in palm oil, eaten by tribes in W. Hialeah, Florida, 26-year-old white African rain forest. In Leopoldville sold housewife when hospitalized for severe in native markets, analyzed found that cramps and lower abdominal pain passed each 100 grams was 44.4% fat, 36% insects later identified as the nymphal protein, and included available calcium, stage of the common wood-eating ter- sulfur, and iron; the caloric value was mite by the Univ. of Miami School of 561.) Medicine. The insects were quite viable. Goopatt, J., 1963, pp. 304-308. (Gombe The patient had been living in a 15-year- Stream Reserve, Tanganyika, Gombe old wooden frame house and frequently subspecies chimpanzee in forest fish for termites in mounds, use stems of grass, ate dinner in a darkened room watching vines or twigs stripped of leaves, termite television. The room _ had sagging cling to these tools, chimpanzees eat wooden strips hanging from the ceiling. winged termites off stems; clasp stem Winged termites had been noted swarm- between short thumb and side of index ing in the room and outside the house. finger. Termites form major part of diet The patient received no therapy and re- for 2-month period. Chimpanzees carry covery was uneventful. The family tools to termite mounds. Method social | moved from the house.) FOSSIL Emerson, A. E., 1965, pp. 1-46. (Review and habitat conditions. Little evidence Mastotermitidae, Uralotermes permianus for major evolutionary change since the removed from Isoptera and assigned to Oligo-Miocene is presented.) order Protorthoptera; /domastotermes Larsson, Sv. G., 1962, pp. 323-326. (Copen- mysticus removed from Mastotermitidae hagen Zoological Museum, collection to uncertain status; Diatermes sibiricus amber fossils. Danish amber from North removed from Mastotermitidae but kept Sea originated from resin of the fir, in Isoptera; Pliotermes placed in synon- Pityoxylon succiniferum. Amber age be- ymy with Mastotermes; Spargotermes tween Eocene and Oligocene, about 50 costalimae n. gen., n. sp. described and million years old. About 4000 pieces figured from Miocene-Pliocene, Fonseca, amber in collection, 26 Isoptera.) Minas Gerais, Brazil, winged holotype 1965, pp. 135-142. (Idem. Discussion with most primitive venation. Synonymy species, habitat. Fauna Baltic amber of various species Mastotermes given. thermophilous, numerous termites, 29 Maps world distribution included.) fossil pieces, species from recent fauna.) Hurp, P. D., Jr., Smito, R. F., DurHam, Martynova, O. M., 1962, In Rodendorf J. W., 1962, pp. 107-118. (Mexico, 1962, pp. 112-113. (Describes character- Chiapas, fossiliferous amber, late Oligo- istics for order Isoptera, superfamily, cene or early Miocene, 15 orders insects, five families, distribution, geological age, 81 families, 2 species termites, one still figures wings for six species.) living.) Tessier, F., 1959, pp. 91-132. (Africa, LANGENHEIM, J. H., and Beck, C. W., 1965, Senegal, Dakar, Neocene, fossil termi- pp. 52-54. (The consistency in infrared taria in laterite, structures described and spectra in relating resin of living illustrated.) Hymenaea courbaril L. with amber from 1959a, Pp. 3320-3322. (Africa, Dakar, in Chiapas, Mexico, has been corroborated lateritic gravel, round or ovoid chambers by plant and insect fossils in this amber, connected by tunnels, fossil termitaria.) FUMIGATION ANnonyMous, 1962d, p. 1. (U.S., Houston, 116 feet wide, 88 feet long, 50 feet high, Texas, fumigation floating drydock for pier 750 feet long, 50 feet wide, 20 feet Coptotermes crassus, 7 sections each above water line, ramp and wharf area NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 49 approximately 700 feet long, 60 feet wide, also called Vinyl Cyanide or Cyano- 12 feet above water line, 2,500,000 cubic ethelene), warning odor, least toxic to feet involved. Water was bottom seal man, ventilates rapidly, does not accumu- tarps, gas induction hoses were installed late in human body.) in top of wing walls and ran across to Meike, R. W., and Stewart, D., 1962, pp. pier to heat exchangers, some were 300 393-397. (U.S., residue potentials of feet long, %-inch heavy duty rubber sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide hose with Neoprene center. 8% weeks after fumigation of structures on ma- or 5000 man hours required, 207,000 terials, especially food.) pounds methyl bromide, 16,000 square Meixte, R. W., Stewart, D., and Grosus, yards coated Nylon tarps. Hurricane O. A., 1963, pp. 226-230. (U.S., fumigant Debra destroyed one week’s_ work, mode action: drywood termite [Kalo- $3,500,000 worth equipment. Fumiga- termes minor| metabolism Vikane fumi- tion by Admiral Pest Control, Bellflower, gant as shown by labeled pool technique. Calif., successful.) Inorganic fluoride the primary poison.) 1962e, p. 4. (U.S., Neil A. Maclean Co. Notan, T., 1962, pp. 48, 52. (U.S., Miami, seminar on Vikane El Monte, Calif., Florida, White Temple, Baptist Church, distributed fumiguides to fumigators, tarp fumigation with Acritet gas, 48-hour slide rule type instrument fed data on exposure, faulty wiring caused a fire, variables met in fumigation, after proper tents slightly damaged.) adjustments on the guide, fumigator can Octe, J. A., Jr., 1962, pp. 82, 84-86. (US., read directly number of ounces Vikane California, complete fumigation van, per thousand cubic feet needed.) carries butane tank and heat exchanger 1962k, pp. 10, 23. (California, specifications for methyl bromide, aqualungs, tarps, for sealing, application, circulation, dos- fumigant cylinders, work tables, ladders, age, etc.) wheelbarrow, etc.) Exuman, N., 1963, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California, Ross, G. M., 1962, pp. 60, 62. (U.S., Tampa, partial fumigations possible with Vikane, Florida, seagoing schooner Carrie Bernice single rooms or portions of a_ house, fumigated to kill drywood termites, careful sealing, 20 hours exposure, aired. wooden vessel covered with 10-ounce Demand proportionately higher price, nylon tent, sash weights sunk tent below constant supervision. water line, attached by metal clamps. Gir, R. F., 1963, p. 62. (Philippines, Baguio Methyl bromide 4 pounds per 1000 cubic City, fumigation of an old church, in- feet space for 24 hours, fans used for fested with subterranean termites, with circulation, successful, by Arab Termite ethylene dibromide. Drilled through and Pest Control.) concrete block floor, poured concentrated STEWART 0D), mo62, pp. 24, 20,0 25u(U).S. chemical in hole, tightly sealed hole. California, drywood termites, use of One week after treatment halide gas Vikane, sulfuryl fluoride, successful fumi- detector revealed no trace of soil fumi- gation depends on proper balance fumi- gant, treatment effective; will be used gant concentration, its confinement, ex- with residual chemical in future control.) posure period and temperature.) Hasscer, R. K., 1961, pp. 12, 14. (U.S., sufh- Stewart, D., and Meike, R. W., 1964, pp. cient length %-inch polyethylene tubing 2 TA, 15, 16. (U.S., post-f umigation aera- leading from desired spots to a measur- tion of Vikane in termite infestation in ing device necessary to obtain air buildings.) samples, Other basic points outlined.) Sunpin, B., 1963, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California, Hick, N. E., 1961a, pp. 205-206. (England, 79 Los Angeles County communities methyl bromide in laboratory Kalo- require fumigation reporting regulations: termes, Reticulitermes, Zootermopsis, 24 hours report before commencing job; 48 hours, temperature average over guard required; inspection required; 70° F., relative humidity about 60%, Fire Department permits; panlocks re- 100% kill.) quired on sealing jobs; notice to Health Lance, W. D., 1962, p. 16. (U.S., Florida, Dept.; notice to Police Dept.) fumigation drywood termites with Tuomas, E. D., 1964, pp. 56-61. (South “Acritet 34-66,” Acrylonitrile 34%— Africa, Cryptotermes brevis control by carbon tetrachloride 66% (Acrylonitrile methyl bromide.) 50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 FUNGI, ASSOCIATION WITH Baxsu1, B. K., 1962, pp. 117-119. (Both Odontotermes obesus, white spheres in Termitosphaeria and Xylaria simultane- nests maintain suitable humidity.) ously present in fungus comb, termites Lunp, A. E., 1962, pp. 30-34, 36, 60-61. (U.S., suppress latter. Fungi render wood cel- association wood-destroying fungi and lulose more easily available to certain subterranean termites, discusses influ- termites. In the Macrotermitinae double ences in detail.) symbiosis fungus and bacteria. Some 1963, p. 78. (U.S., among wood-destroying fungi parasitic on termites. Fungus fungi one fungus produces metabolites gardens play large part in conditioning (end products) toxic to termites, an- microclimate termite nests. Termites dis- other increases the laboratory life of seminate fungi, both break down cellu- termites, a third produces an attractant, lose.) a fourth which exhibits a repellent action Becker, G., 1965a, pp. 95-156. (Observations and others that are neutral. One common in nature and in buildings indicate a soil fungus is harmful. Certain fungi preference of termites for wood attacked may affect termites in more than one by fungi. Tests show differences exist manner. As yet some relationships are in behavior of termite species and action not supported by laboratory or field of species and strains of fungi. Fungi evidence.) influence on termites in the wood nutri- Rupman, P., 1965, pp. 52-58. (Causes of de- tion can be favorable or harmful.) cay, termite resistance in Callitris colu- Becker, G., and Kerner-Ganc, W., 1964, melaris, toxicity of wood extractives.) pp. 429-448. (Influence of about 30 Wiiiams, R. M. C., 1965, pp. 675-576. species of mold fungi on 4 species of (British Honduras, Coptotermes niger termites from temperate and _ tropical attacking Pinus caribaea, brown rot, regions tested in laboratory. Effect Lentinus pallidus, is present in all heart- ranges as toxic, to usefulness as a nutri- wood infestations, termites wholly sec- ment. Variations among different species ondary. Laboratory tests show scarcely of fungi but also with different strains any feeding in sound untreated heart- of one species.) wood; length life in rotton heartwood Dayat, H. M., Nicam, S. S., and Saxena, grossly greater. Greater part of repel- M. S., 1965, p. 48-50. (India, role of lence to feeding removed by removal Termitomyces species in termitarium of of turpentine fractions.) FUNGUS CULTIVATION CueEEMA, P. S., Das, S. R., Dayar, H. M., nymph termites, fungus spheres eaten as Kosui, T., ManesHwart, K. L., Nicam, accessory food.) S. S., and. Rancanatnan, S. K., 1962, Dixon, P. A., 1959, pp. 93-94. (Africa, pp. 145-149. (India, Odontotermes Termitomyces striatus _ reproductive obesus, in fungus garden temperature capacity.) constant during day 23°-33°C., humid- Harris, W. V., 1964a, pp. 78-81. (Africa, ity 86%-100%, variation from season Sudan, Pseudacanthotermes; primitive to season, temperature during winter 18°-25° C., summer 28°-32° C., humidity fungus comb of P. harrisensis, other varied between 85%-95%, can function species possess a much more developed under wide range.) comb.) Das, S. R., MaHEesHwarl, K. L., Nicam, S. S., Sanps, W. A., 1960, pp. 251-259. (Ancistro- SHUKLA, R. K., and Tanpon, R. N., termes guineensis, laboratory colonies, 1962, pp. 163-165. (India, Odontotermes fungus comb constructed from feces of obesus, micro-organisms from fungus worker, workers introduce basidiospores garden, fungi and bacteria, both listed, Termitomyces in foraging. Phylogeny also from guts worker, soldier and Macrotermitinae reviewed.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 51 GASEOUS ENVIRONMENT DamascHkeE, K., and Becker, G., 1964, pp. effective “respiratory system” is there- 157-160. (Increases of respiration oc- fore present.) curred usually if the atmospherics Luscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, air showed minima independent of the daily conditioning and keeping the needed rhythm, reductions of Oz consumption amount of oxygen in the Macrotermes with the occurrence of maxima. At- mounds is accomplished by exterior mospherics refer to temperature, humid- ridges which serve as a conduit carrying ity, and atmospheric pressure.) half a dozen or more narrow channels Howse, P. E., 1964, pp. 90-99. (Liischer has that link the air chambers in the cellar and the attic. The mass of termites and shown that an “air-conditioning” system fungi in the nest proper keep the interior is present in the mounds of the African of the mound considerably warmer than Macrotermes natalensis, whereby hot air the outside. The air flowing in the arises from the center of the nest and is upper ends of the ridges contains more cooled in large canals near the surface carbon dioxide and more oxygen in the of the mound. The air is in constant lower ends. Air-conditioning mounds circulation and some gas exchange takes Macrotermes has led to its widest distri- place near the surface of the mound; an bution of African termites.) GENITALIA BANERJEE, B., 1965, pp. 435-436. (Structure with those in hermaphrodites of Neo- of the male reproductive organs of termes zuluensis and Anacanthotermes Odontotermes redemanni.) ochraceus.) Dew1xpe, J., In Rockstein 1964, p. 12. (Some 1963, pp. 143-152. (Rhinotermitidae, male termite queens have more than 2000 genitalia of some castes and stages, wtih ovarioles in each ovary.) particular attention to the form of the Lesrun, D., 1961, pp. 235-242. (Calotermes seminal vesicles, their contents, and to flavicollis, evolution of the genital ap- the testicles activity.) paratus in the diverse castes, detailed 1963a, pp. 311-334. (The activity of the descriptions, figures.) testicles and function of the seminal SPRINGHETTI, A., and Getmetti1, L., 1960, vesicles differ for individuals of homol- Pp. 377-382. (Male genital apparatus morphology and _ functional activity ogous castes or stages of four different studied in winged Reticulitermes lucif- primitive species.) ugus, R. flavipes, R. hageni, R. tibialis, 1964, pp. 146-150. (The male reproduc- and R. hesperus; for lucifugus other tive internal system and the form and castes and stages have been studied.) contents of the seminal vesicles of the SPRINGHETTI, A., and Opponeg, P., 1962, pp. Kalotermitidae and Termopsidae (Hodo- 1-9. (Kalotermes flavicollis two oocytes termitidae in part) have been described in testicle soldier, structures compared and figured.) GEOLOGIC AGENTS Boyer, P., 1958, pp. 749-751. (Africa, effect tion. Building and breakdown of nests of reworking by termites and of erosion (up to 4o cu. ft.) of Macrotermes belli- on the pedogenetic development of the cosus brings soil (believed from base mounds of Bellicositermes rex.) of profile) to the surface, without serious 1959, pp. 41-44. (Intertropical zone, in- warping of levels.) fluence of termites on the conformation Guiaroy, M. S., 1962, p. 129. (Termite Con- of certain soils.) ference formed in October 1960 in Ash- Conran, G., 1959, pp. 2089-2091. (Algeria, khabad, Turkmenia, U.S.S.R.; ecology; Béni-Abbés region, role of termites in animals primary factors in soil formation, Quaternary soil formations.) termites potent factors.) Davies, O., 1959, pp. 290-291. (Equatorial 1962a, pp. 131-135. (U.SS.R., termite Africa, Ghana, termites and soil stratifica- tunnels contribute to decrease in evapora- 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 tion in soil, leads to better plant growth Kevan, D. K., McE., 1962, pp. 55, 177-179, and soil formation.) 184, 189 et seq. (Tropics, the role of Gtoven, P. E., Trump, E. C., and termites in tropical soils, rapid disposal WateripcE, L. E. D., 1964, pp. 367-377. of cellulose-containing matter and the (Kenya, Loita plains, vegetation patterns translocation of soil materials.) based on numerous active termitaria of Rozanoy, B. G., 1963, pp. 63-67. (Burma, Odontotermes spp. Soil analyses suggest vital activity termites imparts favorable patterns develop on soil zones containing properties to soil, pH in upper layers varying concentrations of colloidal matter changes from 6.2 to 7.5, the soil be- washed by rainwater from the termitaria. comes enriched in nitrogen, the soil Pattern shape is influenced by topog- humus has a higher content of nitrogen raphy.) and the soil becomes uniformly carbon- GokHaLE, N. G., Sarma, S. N., BuHatra- cHARYYA, N. G., et al. 1958, p. 229. aceous.) (India, termites increase the potassium SreinBeRG, D. M., 1962, pp. 11-16. (Central and calcium contents of tea soils, but Asia, role of termites in soil formation decrease its nitrogen content.) processes, especially in takyr environ- GrassE, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1959, pp. 35- ments.) 40. (Relationship between termites and Watson, J. P., 1962, pp. 46-51. (Southern tropical soils.) Rhodesia, soil beneath termite mound.) GLOSSARY Ericson, R. O., 1961, pp. 1-59. (United Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, States, foreign language terms in ento- p. 77. (Glossary entomological terms mology explained in English, illustrated used in keys.) drawings.) HUMIDITY Luscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, Ivory Coast, humidity inside nest 98% to 99%, never below 96.2%.) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1963b, pp. 289-294. Roonwat, M. L., 1962, pp. 9-16. (Interna- (General, review, biology, damage, dam- tional cooperation required to solve sev- age to forests, inorganic materials, in- eral problems, introduction, standards of fluencing soil properties, research, inter- measurements in taxonomy, coordina- national cooperation, control, physiol- tion in testing techniques, antitermite ogy.) codes and specifications for buildings, assessment of damage.) INTRODUCED ANoNnyMous, 1964a, p. 58. (East Central BALLANTYNE, W. J., 1964, pp. 50, 52, 54. Africa, Uganda, Cryptotermes dudleyi (U.S., Chicago, Ill., Zootermopsis an- found in woodwork of bus.) gusticollis infesting house, may have 1964), p. 94. (U. S., Cryptotermes brevis, been in original lumber. Control by use Birmingham, Jefferson Co., Alabama.) of Woodtreat-TC with heptachlor, 8.5% 19651, p. 61. (U.S., infestation report, pentachlorophenol and 0.5% heptachlor Incisitermes minor in shelf of home at brushed on wood and mechanical re- Waukegan, Illinois, September. Zooter- pair.) mopsis angusticollis among Douglas fir Bett, J. L., 1965, pp. 46, 52. (U.S., Missouri, lumber shipped from Honolulu to Hilo, since 1961 drywood termites (Kalo- Hawaii, February.) termitidae) have been introduced in in- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 53 fested furniture from California or 1966, pp. 1-88. (Idem, July 1, 1964, through Florida, three cases described, no spread June 30, 1965, termites pp. 11, 19, 28, to buildings, remedy fumigation.) 30, 32, 38, 41, newly included termites Bess, HvAL, ae65, p. 0a. (Elawat, Gopro- are: Amitermes wheeleri, Coptotermes termes vastator Light, was collected for testaceus, Cryptotermes cavifrons, Hetero- the first time on July 1, 1963, in boards termes cardini, Microcerotermes ar- from a building being demolished in boreus, Neotermes connexus, Poro- the Kaimuki section of Honolulu by termes quadricollis, and Spinitermes tri- D. H. Lewis, a P.C.O. It was not identi- spinosus.) fied as that species until early in 1965 Snyper, T. E., 1966, p. 73. (U.S., termite by Dr. Frances Weesner Lechleitner. stowaways intercepted in United States This destructive Philippine subterranean from 1962 to 1966, list species.) termite is closely related to C. formosanus U.S. Dept. AcricutturE, PLant Pest Con- Shiraki which has been a serious pest TROL Diy., 1962a, p. 261. (Fort Smith, on Oahu for the past 50 years. Sebastian County, Arkansas, Kalotermes At present, no known infestation of minor introduced in furniture, March.) C. vastator exist in Hawaii but it is 1962c, p. 1172. (Bethesda, Montgomery probable that it has been established for County, Maryland, Kalotermes minor some time. The colony from which the in fir wood of building, October.) specimens were collected was strong 1962d, p. 1217. (Storm Lake, Buena Vista and hundreds of alates were present. County, Iowa, Kalotermes minor infest- Survey studies will be made.) ing chest of drawers in home (October) Conroy, W. L., 1963, p. 86. (First record brought from west coast 8 years ago.) outside Australia of Mastotermes dar- 1962e, p. 1252. (Kensington, Montgomery winiensis found in Lae township area.) County, Maryland, Cryptotermes brevis Hick, N. E., 1963, pp. 267-284. (Only five damaged basement cupboard in home, part of wood came from Asia, infestation incidences accidental importation of ter- existed for several years. All insects and mites into Britain recorded: Kalotermes infested wood destroyed, November 24.) sp. to Kew from E. Africa; Nasutitermes 1963b, p. 119. (San Antonio, Bexar County, costalis to Spalding, Linc. from Marti- Texas, Incisitermes (Kalotermes) minor nique: Trinervitermes sp. to Croydon, introduced in January in hardwood Surrey; Zootermopsis angusticollis to furniture.) London Docks or Bristol from W. 1963f, p. 1087. (Wright-Patterson Air Canada; and Cryptotermes brevis to Force Base, near Fairborn, Greene Watford, Middx. from Trinidad.) County, Ohio, Incisitermes minor in MacNay, C. G., 1961, pp. 135-136. (Ottawa, wooden ceiling, June 18.) Ontario, Canada, Reticulitermes flavipes 1963k, p. 1219. (Philadelphia, Penna., introduced from Florida, U.S. on cypress Incisitermes minor in wood paneling in slab supports with potted PAilodendron, basement of home August 19.) May 1961.) 1964b, p. 319. (Denver, Colorado, Zoo- Mumrorp, B. C., 1964, pp. 1-76. (U.S., plant termopsis angusticollis introduced in pests intercepted July 1, 1962, through shipment lumber from Northwest, June 30, 1963, termites pp. 23, 24, 30, March, 1964, all apterous nymphs.) 33, 37, included Coptotermes formosanus, 1964c, p. 340. (Wilmington, New Castle Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes con- County, Delaware, Cryptotermes sp. vexinotatus, Incisitermes repandus, Kalo- nymphs infested wicker furniture in termes flavicollis, Nasutitermes chaqui- home and attacked floor under furniture, mayensis, N. corniger, N. ephratae, N. March 9, 1964, P. P. Burbutis, origin nigriceps and N. ripperti, as well as unknown.) Reticulitermes flavipes and R. tibialis. 1964f, p. 953. (California, Menlo Park, The origin, hosts, and destination of the San Mateo County, Cryptotermes brevis intercepted pests are given.) in bedframe in residence August 1964. 1965, pp. 1-76. (Idem, July 1, 1963, through Bed purchased out of state several years June 30, 1964, termites pp. 3, 16, 22, 25, ago.) 26, 31, newly included termites are: 19650, p. 773. (Hawaii, Hilo, dealated Nasutitermes guayanae, Neotermes chi- adults Zootermopsis angusticollis lensis, and Reticulitermes speratus.) (Hagen) found February 26, 1965 54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 among Douglas fir lumber from the 1966a, p. 53. (Oklahoma, Comanche Mainland. According to Dr. T. E. Sny- County, Zootermopsis nevadensis in der, Hawaii is the 21st state into which wood shipped from Pacific Coast, week this termite has been transported.) ending January 21.) 1965r, pp. 907-908. (Texas, Harris County, 1966c, p. 75. (Hawaii, Zootermopsis Houston, Coptotermes formosanus found angusticollis introduced in Douglas fir in shipyard warehouse July 2 and 12. lumber from mainland into Hilo, Hawaii, Source infestation unknown, established and Honolulu, Oahu, week ending for some time. Species very destructive January 28.) to structures, can live without soil con- 1966e, p. 101. (Texas, Harris County, In- tact if moisture elsewhere. ) cisitermes minor in driftwood, January 1965¢", p. 1235. (South Carolina, Charles- 28, 1966, Simon.) ton, Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks in ply- U.S. Dept. AGRicULTURE, PLANT QUARANTINE wood shipping crates from Recife, Brazil, Div., 1962, pp. 18, 25, 32, 36, and 42. 6-24-65.) (Termites intercepted, United States.) LEGISLATION ANonyMous, 1962p, pp. 36, 38. (Wisconsin, Bonaventura, G., 1961, pp. 237-254. (Italy, Sheboygan in 1957 outlawed termites Inst. Pathology of Books and termite by ordinance requiring control, difficult control in Italy, origin government act to enforce. Recommendations for other whereby since 1952 possible for govern- cities.) ment to conduct scientific research, anti- 1963a, p. 50. (Florida, Hollywood, city termite protection and _ disinfestation. The chief control measures on the commissioners have banned termites premises of State and Notarial Archives, from new buildings by passing an Libraries, and National Monuments are ordinance requiring structural pest con- listed.) trol for all new construction. Require CarirornliA, P.C.O.s, 1962, pp. 3, 4, 12. (US., soil treatment, based on F.H.A. stand- California, proposed revision rules and ards.) regulations approved by California 1964b, p. 3. (U.S., termite damage to resi- P.C.O.s submitted to Structural Pest Con- dences no longer will be allowed as a trol Board in proposed revision. Report deductible loss, according to a recent requirements, Sect. 1990, corrective ruling by the Internal Revenue Service, measures, Sect. 1991, etc.) which reverses a 4-year old position CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES MANUFACTURERS Asso- that homeowners could claim such CIATION, 1961. (Pp. loose leaf to be added casualty losses caused by insects over to compilation of economic poisons periods up to 15 months after infesta- (pesticides) laws, state and federal regu- tion. The Service says it now finds, ac- lations, and enforcement officials, and cording to the latest scientific data, that proposed model for uniform state in- severe termite damage does not result secticide, rodenticide, and fungicide act, that suddenly.) list of states which have not yet ac- 1964l, pp. 6-7. (U.S., Calfornia, A.B. No. cepted the act, and description of parts 93 deletes provision requiring $5,000 of the act.) indemnity bond, requires pest control Ducuanois, F. R., 1961, pp. 42, 44, 46, 55. operator to file $2,000 with Structural (U.S., Florida, minimum prevention Pest Control Board for benefit any per- and control standards (state) for sub- son damaged as result of violation of terranean termites, based on Forest law by operator. Provides for additional Service recommendations; fumigation bond of not less than $1,000 or more preferred for drywood termite control.) than $8,000 as condition to reissuance Snyper, T. E., 1963a, p. 13. (Review: Hickin, of suspended or revoked license for N. E. 1963, Britain legislation to prevent specified grounds.) introduction termites.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 55 MORPHOLOGY AxaM, S. M., 1962, pp. 63-65. (Thorax most illustration subgenual organ and _associ- complex region body, degeneration of ated scolopidia and campaniform sen- wing muscles in dealated adults im- silla mechanoreceptors.) portant, early adaption of thoracic KusHuwana, K. S., 1960, pp. 209-227; 229-250. musculature to function of flight.) (India, external morphology Odonto- BERNARDINI, P., and Parestra, A. M., 1956, termes obesus described, _ illustrated, pp. 727-734. (Italy, Calotermes flavicollis, soldier, alate, worker.) tentorial glands various castes and 1962a, pp. 71-114. (India, chaetotaxy stages.) soldier, worker, alate, Odontotermes Deuicne, J., 1965, pp. 179-186. (Africa, obesus details of differences in arrange- morphology and function soldier mandi- ment of bristes in castes.) bles, in Glyptotermes denticulated 1963, pp. 296-310. (India, advances in mandibles, tips only slightly overlapping, study external morphology, musculature, work like shears against workers of other mechanism feeding apparatus, the chae- genera; in Macrotermitidae and in sev- totaxy of all castes Odontotermes (O) eral Termitinae mandibles slender with- obesus, external genitalia.) out denticules, move much more rapidly, Marks, E. P., and Lawson, F. A., 1962, widely overlapping, more lethal; in pp. 129-171. (Comparative study of ovi- Termes mandibles slender, bent, and positors mantis, Mastotermes darwinien- opposable at tips, which and their great sis and 24 species of cockroaches, evolu- elasticity give an amazing percussive tion discussed. In termites humidity power; in Pericapritermes mandibles control and closed nests replaced ootheca very asymmetrical, they snap as in Termes as means protecting eggs from dessica- in an even more perfected and powerful tion.) way, but only strike toward one side, FupaLewicz-NieMczyk, W., 1965, pp. 24I- using the left mandible, Different types 252. (Ontogenesis of the innervation of fighting behavior considered as four neurosensorial organs on antennae of different evolutionary grades acquired Reticulitermes lucifugus santonensis.) polyphyletically. ) 1965a, pp. 309-320. (Organogenesis of GHARAGOZLOU, I., 1962, pp. 2430-2432. (Calo- alary nerves and tracheae of Reticuli- termes flavicollis, anatomic and quanti- termes lucifugus santonensis, describe tative study of adipose tissue various sensilla. Anatomy of alary nerves de- castes and stages.) scribed. Three alary tracheae present in GrassE, P. P., and GHaracoztou, I., 1963, each termite except soldiers where pp. 3546-3548. (France, Calotermes medianal not recognizable.) flavicollis, ergastoplasm development, Nomot, C., and Norrot-TimoTHe#E, C., and protein genesis in royal adipose 1965, pp. 265-272. (Glandular swellings tissues; describes adipose tissues; queen of the epidermis in the region of some furnished saliva rich in protein by larvae, abdominal sternites (sternal glands) are king much less; protein serves in the de- always present in termites. Mastotermes velopment of the vitellum of the egg.) darwiniensis shows three glands, one on 1964, pp. 1045-1047. (France, Calotermes each of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th sternite. flavicollis, a new type of cell of the In the subfamilies Stolotermitinae, Poro- adipose royal tissue, endolophycyte.) termitinae, and Hodotermitinae there is Gupta, S. D., 1962, pp. 169-194. (India, a single sternal gland on the qth sternite. Anacanthotermes macrocephalus external In all other termites it is on the 5th. anatomy of the soldier caste, head, head- These glands occur on every caste, but capsule, head-appendages, neck, thorax, regress in both imaginal and neoteinic legs, and abdomen. The sexes _ in- functional reproductives.) distinguishable externally.) Norrot-TimoTnes, C., and Norrot, C., 1965, 1962a, pp. 195-222. (Idem., alates, workers, pp. 185-208. (Mid-gut queen higher ter- sexes distinguishable in alates only, ex- mites Cephalotermes rectangularis, elec- ternally, detailed descriptions, figures, tron microscope study.) distribution. ) RicHarp, G., 1963, pp. 157-174. (Nervous sys- Howse, P. E., 1965a, pp. 137-146. (Zoo- tem, survey present knowledge, descrip- termopsis angusticollis, description and tion peripheral sense organs, two main SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 chordotonal systems: subgenual and VisHNno!l, H. S., 1962, pp. 13-30. (India, Johnston’s organs. Establishment gen- Odontotermes obesus, cephalic muscula- eral innervation during ontogenesis and ture various castes, dissections and sec- regression; mushroom bodies of proto- tions in detail.) cerebrum, eye development, and eye Zuseri, H. A., 1962, pp. 393-395. (General, regression.) comparative study head of various castes Satir, P., and Stuart, A. M., 1965, pp. termites in three families termites, modi- 277-283. (A new apical microtubule- fications inter- and intra-specific.) Saeed organelle in sternal gland 1963, pp. 147-208. (Structure brain and Zootermopsis nevadensis described and its nervous connections studied in detail figured.) in Trinervitermes tchadensis, with its 1965a, p. 494. (Structure sternal gland high degree of polymorphism. A com- Zooter awred nevadensis.) parative study of the brain and _ its SPRINGHETTI, A., 1963a, pp. 155-159. (Italy, nervous connections in various castes of Kalotermes flavicollis, abnormal morpho- species in Mastotermitiuae, Hodotermiti- logical characters described and figured. dae and Termitidae was made. The re- in various castes, divided pronotum, in- sults were compared with available data tercaste, and supernumerary segments on the brain of social insects and cock- of a tibia-tarsal complex.) roaches, etc.) NESTS Becker, G., 1962e, pp. 359-379. (India, obser- termes, long succession mounds may vations on nests of Microcerotermes arise on site original hummock inhabited cameront, Macrotermes estherae, Odonto- by a variety of termites. Over a long termes spp., Microtermes spp., Nasuti- period these hills become massive and termes anamalaiensis and N. beckeri, and vegetated. May be one hill to 1.42 acres Trinervitermes nigrirostris. Nests figured, over 285 acres.) biological data, swarming, etc.) Gongatves, C. R., and Sirva, A. G. A., 1962, Bopot, P., 1964, pp. 283-291. (Africa, north Pp. 193-208. (Brazil, observations on ter- of “savane de Dabou,”’ Ivory Coast, mites and figures of nests, 7 Kalotermiti- young nests Bellicositermes bellicosus and dae, 5 Rhinotermitidae, 39 Termitidae, natalensis show a quite total identity. As 51 in all; nests figured are: Amuitermes nests grow bigger this likeness vanishes. excellens Silv., Constrictotermes cypher- To the development of the top height gaster (Silv.), Cornitermes bequaerti of B. natalensis nests is opposed the Emer., and C. snyderi Emer.) lateral development of the B. bdellicosus Gooptanp, R. J. A,, 1965, pp. 641-650. nests, marked by the progressive disap- British Guiana, Northern Rupununi pearance of the “paraecie” as well as the Savanna, ecological distribution termi- idiotheca and the basement chamber. taria Nasutitermes ephratae correlated The dwelling place loses its individuality with quantitative expressions of the and divides into units more or less vegetation and environmental factors. distinguishable. ) Termites impoverish surrounding soils, Cuoparp, L., 1961, pp. 21-31. (Architectural concentrate soil nutrients into mounds, art of termites, secrets of.) reduce plant cover, decrease water-re- Coaton, W. G. H., 1962, pp. 61-70. (North- taining capacity of soils; aid growth ern Rhodesia, nesting habits and mounds woody plants by improving drainage; termites destroying young trees in new part of savanna ecosystem; bibliography.) plantations of Eucalyptus. Macrotermes species constructed the most massive and GrassE, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1961, pp. 311- striking mounds, one 18, another 25 feet 359. (Africa, Bellicositermes bellicosus high. Composed of sandy subsoil using types of nest and variation; B. bellicosus saliva to wet clay binding material, re- subsp. rex, giant termitaria; B. natalensis, main without vegetation for long cathedral, dome, chimney, and round periods. ) tumulus. Causes of variation, composi- 1962a, pp. 159-166. (Northern Rhodesia, tion of mounds, growth, material clay origin and development massive vege- mixed with saliva, food, size queens, no tated mounds Macrotermes and Odonto- neoteinic reproductives. ) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 57 Krisuna, K., 1965a, pp. 39-40. (Nesting Sanps, W. A., 1961, pp. 177-188. (West habits of termites. Abstract.) Africa, Trinervitermes, structure and Liscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, size distribution 5 species T. ebenerianus Ivory Coast, air-conditioned nests bril- commonest, most widely distributed, liantly designed to maintain tempera- mound 24 inches high; T. carbonarius ture and humidity, while permitting mounds 18 inches to 4-5 feet in height, oxygen to flow into nests and carbon more massive, thicker walled; T. dioxide to flow out. Microclimate nests oeconomus similar, but considerable num- best at 86°F. in tropics, 79° F. in tem- ber open foraging holes; T. auriterrae perate zone. Population medium mound mounds resemble those of ebenerianus, Macrotermes in Africa two million do not contain stored grass fragments, individuals. Colony Nasutitermes arbor- dark fecal lining deep-cut and distinct; eus will die in dry air.) T. suspensus rare, builds mounds of its Norrot, C., and Norrot-T. C., 1963, pp. own, stores grass fragments. Size distri- 180-188. (Ivory Coast, Cubitermes fungi- bution mounds arise from seasonal ac- faber growth nest discontinuous, shows tivities of the termites, each distribution marked seasonal cycle, successive addi- representing the mounds of one year. tion; type of new building (cylindrical or Mean annual increment 4-5 inches di- hat-shaped) quite independent from ameter; colony expansion by erection of original; mutilation of nest followed by supplementary mounds after primary regeneration only if renewed portion was mounds 3-4 years old; mean number still in building.) mounds per colony 3-6.) Norrot-T. C., and Norrot, C., 1965, pp. 185- 1965d, pp. 557-571. (West Africa, Zaria, 208. (Intestine of the queen of the Northern Nigeria, termite distribution in higher termites, study with an electronic man-modified habitats with special ref- microscope.) erence to species segregation in the Puckett, P. P., 1965, pp. 84-85. (The termite genus Trinervitermes. T. ebenerianus, an ancient architect.) densities mound populations higher in Roonwat, M. L., 1962b, pp. 131-150. (India, cleared areas.) Dehra Dun, Odontotermes obesus, three ScumipT, R. S., 1960, pp. 357-368. (Africa, forms; mound structure above ground Apicotermes nests, wall perforations to feet and nest and royal cell below function as gas diffusion systems. In ground; as many as 90,000 individuals, Apicotermes arquiert there is not a re- soldiers 5.5%-7.7%, workers 49-66.5%, gression of pores, in 4. occultus there is. nymphs 28-43.3% and usually one royal Increase of diffusion surface may be an pair, queen as long as 75 mm. Eggs— important function of the shagreen net- depositories or fungus combs in rounded work and of the space or sand envelope excavations, 1 egg laid per second. surrounding nests.) Moisture content of fungus comb mean 1964, pp. 221-225. (Africa, Apicotermes, 51.63% water.) evolution nest building and functions Roonwat, M. L., and CHHorTAnt, O. B., 1962c, some nest structures, revised phylogenetic p. 85. (India, Orissa, Barkuda Island, tree of genus, based mainly on nest char- Chilka Lake, Odontotermes feae usually acteristics, is illustrated.) purely subterranean, occasionally builds Tsar, Panc-Hwa, CHEN, NiINc-SHENG, CHEN, a mound. Low earthen, sprawling An-Kuo, and CuHEen, CHtH-Hwet., 1965, roughly dome-shaped. Several holes open pp. 53-70. (China, architecture and de- on the surface and lead into tunnels velopment of the termitarium of Odonto- where fungus combs lie in vaults, mound termes (O.) formosanus.) of multilocular type. Royal chamber is 1965a, pp. 128-139. (China, activity of occentric, lies near ground level.) Odontotermes (O.) formosanus on the RoonwaL, M. L., and Guna-Roy, S., 1965, ground of Yangtse-dike and its relation pp. 114-129. (India, Odontotermes to the nest.) obesus, dimensions 270 mounds in Dehra Uicuanco, L. B., 1961, pp. 215-218. (Philip- Dun District measured and their inter- pines, Macrotermes gilvus probable re- relationships studied statistically, Height lation to altitude in mound building, range mean 801+24 mm., diameter lowland and upland forms, ecological 2249 + 334.68 mm.) notes.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 NUTRITION Auisert, J., 1963, pp. 1-12. (France, Cubi- Glass tubes, 120 cm. long and vertically termes fungifaber, in laboratory workers set up, were filled with humus-contain- and soldiers received regurgitated food ing soil and wood specimens that were (stomodeal) detected by contamination arranged with a distance of 10 cm. from with radioactive phosphorus. Queen one another so that the water content first to be contaminated by salivary decreased from bottom to top. Hetero- liquid from workers, receives constant termes indicola, Reticulitermes lucifugus nourishment; alates close to flight heavily var santonensis, and R. flavipes Kollar loaded with saliva. Nymphs of last but behaved differently. An aerotaxis was one stage and king receive only poor more distinct with H. indicola than with quantity.) the Reticulitermes species. Despite a low 1964, pp. 5260-5263. (Evolution in time soil and wood humidity, all the three of fungi mounds constructed by termites, species fed most near the surface of the for nutrition.) soil. Apparently because of an optimum Becker, G., 1965, pp. 151-184. (Influence of humidity, the zone from 60 to 80 cm. wood and soil humidity on the choice of deep under the surface was preferred, nutriment and quantity of feeding of six too, but not by all the species alike. The species of termites in five genera from termites in their turn increased the water temperate and tropical regions, tests content of the wood specimens attacked made in the laboratory. by them. In food choice tests with wood pieces In a third series of tests, the activity of different water content in glass dishes, in feed and gallery building as well as Kalotermes flavicollis Fabr. preferred in the mortality of uniform groups of case of pine sapwood with about 15% various termite species were determined. loss of weight due to attack by the Wood specimens were deposited in Basidiomycete Merultus lacrimans speci- plastic jars filled with sand or humus- mens with a water content of 40% to containing soil of differently gradated 50%, in case of wood not attacked by contents of humidity. The ranges of fungi specimens with a water content of water content of sand and humus- 20% to 30%. Zootermopsis nevadensis containing soil providing comparable chose out of pine wood with a 6%—de- amounts of feeding were very different. The lower limit for the feeding activity composition by the Basidiomycete Poria and a longer survival of the insects was vaporaria specimens with a higher water with sand below a 1% water content, content, viz., from 50% to 80%, than with humus-containing soil more or less did the Kalotermes species. When Heterotermes indicola Wasmann and below an 8% content. The upper limit was with sand partly at and partly above Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi var. santo- nensis Feytaud were given, _ besides 20%, with humus-containing soil above moistened pine sapwood slightly attacked 32%. According to the results, the quantity of feeding by the Rhinotermiti- by fungi, wet soil, the termites did not prefer any range of wood humidity. dae species obviously did not depend on the moisture content of the wood which Without the addition of soil, the Hetero- termes workers chose specimens with is correlated with the soil humidity, but on the soil humidity itself, at least a water content of 80% to 100%. The above the fiber saturation of the wood. Reticulitermes workers also preferred Not the absolute water quantity of the moist wood, but not so distinctly high a soil was decisive, but the quantity in water content as the Heterotermes species did. Whether or not there was soil in proportion to the water-retaining capacity of the soil. With regard to the Nasuti- the dishes, Nasutitermes ephratae Holm- termes species, carton material of the gren fed approximately the same quantity animals added on the top of the soil of beech wood with a water content of proved to be of influence. The most 50% to 100%. Only wood containing favorable range of water content varied less than 40% to 50% water was de- somewhat with the termite species. In teriorated to a minor extent. Thus the tests with humus-containing soil, it was range of humidity preferred by this with Reticulitermes flavipes and R. species is relatively broad. santonensis, the latter bred at 30°C., at NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 59 16% to 24%, with Zootermopsis eggs by older workers, were removed nevadensis and Nasutitermes ephratae, by hand with no detrimental effects, but the latter with carton material, at 18% died in 7 days unless fed proctodeal to 22%, with Reticulitermes santonensis, and/or stomodeal food by older instars. bred at 26°C., at 22% to 30%, with Neither synthetic nutrient solutions nor Heterotermes indicola and Nasutitermes artifically fed fecal solutions served as ephratae, the latter without carton ma- substitutes for the normal diet, Incon- terial, at 20% to 30%. In tests with clusive results were obtained in experi- sand, the most favorable water content ments to determine whether grooming was for Heterotermes indicola 6% to by older workers was a requisite for in- 10%, for Nasutitermes ephratae with creasing the longevity of the first-instar nest material 6% to 14%. No significant nymphs.) difference was stated between 2% and 1963a, pp. 706-708. (Reticulitermes flavipes, 18% for the Reticulitermes species and in an effort to obtain sterile third- and for Nasutitermes without nest material. fifth-instar workers for nutritional The Heterotermes species was most sus- studies, antifungal and antibacterial ceptible to minor humidity as well as to agents were incorporated into the diet. high water content of the soil. Methyl parahydroxy benzoate proved The results obtained were related to adequate as a fungicide at levels as low as the natural environmental conditions of 0.015 molar, but none of the antibiotics the termites and their behavior in tested singly or in combination killed nature.) all of the termite-associated bacteria. Breapy, J. K., and FriepMan, S., 1963, pp. Changes in materials and _ techniques 703-706. (Reticulitermes flavipes eggs were not effective in increasing the were submerged in 0.1% aqueous solu- potency of the bactericides.) tion of zephiran chloride to obtain sterile Gacuiarnl, P., 1963, pp. 350-356. (Termitin nymphs. Eggs so treated appeared ana- in animal nutrition.) tomically normal and hatched success- Kurir, A., 1963a, pp. 101-107. (The white fully in the presence of older workers, ball-sshaped conidia of the fungus but only those exposed to zephiran for as Termitomyces are food for the larvae of long as 10 minutes were found to be de- Reticulitermes flavipes, eggs usually car- contaminated when tested on_ sterile ried by workers, also by a few soldiers. nutrient agar plates. First-instar nymphs, Fungi grows independently not cared which normally are assisted from the for by termites.) OBITUARY ANonyMous, 1962), pp. 53-54. (U.S., Ruric tions on the insects of Brazil, including C. Roark, 1887-1962). (Pioneer in pesti- termites, 1936, 1939 and 1952.) cides, synthetic organic and those derived Pemperton, C. E., 1965, pp. 39-45. (Hawaii, from plants, developing fumigants in David Timmins Fullaway, 1880-1964.) U.S. Dept. Agriculture.) (Publications on habits, damage, and Hopson, A. C., 1965, p. 594. (Australia, control termites Hawaii 1920 to 1931 Frederick G. Holdaway, 1902-1965). and 1945.) (Biology and control termites Australia, SPRINGHETTI, A., 1963, pp. 391-393. (Carlo 1933-1936.) Jucci, 1897-1962.) (Brief account of work MICHELBACHER, A. E., 1965, pp. 207-234. on termites. ) (U.S., Edward Oliver Essig, 1884-1964). Tuurman, E. B., 1963, pp. 213-216. (US., (Articles on western termites, 1914-1958.) Robert E, Snodgrass, 1875-1962, mor- Netson, R. H., 1965, p. 770. (Brazil, Angelo phologist, extraordinary as an individual, da Costa Lima, 1887-1964.) (Publica- morphology termites.) PARASITES Bear, R. H., and Kais, A. G., 1962, pp. 488- termes virginicus and R. flavipes. Fungus 489. (U.S., Aspergillus flavus apparent caused 80% mortality workers R. infection subterranean termites Reticuli- virginicus.) 60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Cirerri, R., 1963, pp. 235-252. (Dominican experimentally exposed to Reticulitermes Republic, ectoparasitic fungi of the lucifugus and Kalotermes flavicollis un- Termitariaceae including Termitaria der controlled conditions in the labora- snyderi found on Nasutitermes morio. A tory. The mites attached themselves and new genus Sylviacollaea, type termitaria in 5 days only exuvia remained. Pye- described.) motes might be useful in the control of Desportes, I., 1963, pp. 4013-4015. (Develop- termites.) ment cycle of a new Gregarina: Diplo- We cn, H. E., 1965, pp. 275-302. (Entomo- cystis zootermopsidis sp. n. (Eugregarina, philic nematology is the branch of Diplocistidae) .) parasitology that deals with nematodes Ernst, E., 1964a, pp. 569-576. (Ivory Coast associated with insects. Nematodes can and Eastern Congo, three forms of be utilized for biological control. An soldiers of Acanthotermes acanthothorax extensive survey of the literature is Sjostd. had heads distorted by Dipterous included.) larva and some have incompletely de- YENDOL, W. G., 1965, p. 4881. (Entogenous veloped mandibles, they are myiagene fungi parasitic in Reticulitermes flavipes. soldiers.) In the laboratory Entomophthora Geicy, R., Hecker, H., and Keser, F., 1964, coronata produced four times more pp. 280-286. (Africa, phorid (Dipterous) conidia than E. virulenta. In patho- larva is parasitic in head soldier Bellicosi- genicity tests with Reticulitermes flavipes, termes bellicosus in the form of myiasis E. coronata produced mortalities of causing aberration. Parasite described 98.5%, 48 hours after inoculation. E. and figured as well as aberrant soldiers.) virulenta was avirulent, and failed to Lunp, A. E., and Enceruarot, N. T., 1962, produce a frank infection. Approxi- pp. 131-132. (U.S., Absidia coerulea, mately 38% of the termites infected Bainier (Mucorales) parasite on sub- with E. coronata showed penetration of terranean termites. ) the fore intestine before death. Invading Manier, J. F., 1960, pp. 677-686. (France, hyphae attacked the fat body and Paracoleomitus grassei n. gen., n. sp. musculature first, then rapidly destroyed schizophyte in colon Calotermes flavi- the remaining tissues as early as 32 hours collis.) after inoculation.) SmyTHE, R. V., and Copper, H. C., 1965, YeENpDoL, W. G., and Pascuxe, J. D., 1965, pp. 423-426. (U.S., Wisconsin, a soluble pp. 414-422. (U.S., Indiana, in labora- toxin preparation derived from Bacillus tory tests Entomophthora coronata pro- thuringiensis is toxic to Reticulitermes duced a mortality of 97%, 84 hours flavipes, R. virginicus, R. hesperus and after inoculation of Reticulitermes Zootermopsis angusticollis; 75% mortal- flavipes. In the digestive tract germinat- ity after g days; in combination with ing conidia penetrated the oesophageal spores and inclusion bodies results in wall, but not the crop, mid- and hind greater than 90% mortality in the gut. Invading hyphae attacked the fat laboratory.) body and musculature, then rapidly de- Weiser, J., and Hrpy, I., 1962, pp. 94-97. stroyed the remaining tissues as early as (Europe, two species of Pyemotes were 32 hours after inoculation.) PHYLOGENY KrisHna, K., 1961, pp. 303-408. (World, phylogeny Kalotermitidae, chart.) PHYSIOLOGY Breapy, J. K., 1963, pp. 3039-3040. (Abstract, in number supporting workers, oxygen physiological investigations on Reticult- toxic to protozoa.) termes flavipes, egg production decreased De icneE, J., and PastEEts, J. M., 1963, p. 694. in secondary reproductive pairs with (Endocrine phenomena in the kidneys fewer supporting workers, length life re- of Microcerotermes sp.) productive pair increased with increase LiscHer, M., 1959 (1960), pp. 161-166. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 61 (Physiology of the differentiation of STEINBERG, D. M., 1962a, pp. 37-48. (S.S.R., castes in Kalotermes flavicollis.) physiology of the development of the Misra, J. N., 1964, pp. 131-136. (Physiology polymorphism in termites.) of digestion in termites.) POPULATION Brian, M. V., 1965, pp. 6, 13 to I5, 19, 34, acinaciformis occurred in winter, 796, 43; 44, 47, 48; 58y805, 70; 72,170, 78; 890, on July 5, 1960. Using a cooling 83, 101, 105, 108-109. (General, popula- system of dry ice, a total of 1,249,000 tions, reproductives, fecundity, growth, termites were obtained.) gaseous exchange, mounds, maturation, 1965, p. 46. (Australia, N. S. W., Copto- age reproductives, structural limitations termes frenchi population living tree nests, flights, mating, food supply, mode 614,000 termites.) of dispersion, intraspecific and inter- Luscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, generic competition, predators and para- Macrotermes nest medium mound 2 sites, population regulation. ) million individuals.) Greaves, T., 1961, Termites in forest trees, Sanps, W. A., 1965, pp. 49-58. (West Africa, p. 39. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. savannah region Northern Nigeria, Res. Org., Divis. Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. small-domed mounds harvester Trinervi- Rept. (Australia, populations of two spe- termes ebenerianus were sampled with cies of Coptotermes were studied and a a sharpened tube, not a noisy pipe auger. total of 773,520 termites comprising Scrubby bushes and scattered trees oc- 665,010 workers, 65,650 soldiers, 1,170 curred on upper slope reddish-brown nymphs, and 41,690 juvenile forms was sandy loam. Fluctuations in population obtained from a colony of C. acinact- density and percentage of young stages formis in a blackbutt at Pine Creek are related to a hypothetical annual State Forest. A total of 697,500 termites cycle of activity depending on climatic was obtained from a _ peppermint conditions. Diurnal changes in mound (Eucalyptus robertsoni.) populations cannot readily be related to 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia, colonies of climatic conditions, mound populations Coptotermes acinaciformis and C. frenchi being in most cases depressed at night. in forest trees vary in numbers with the When these movements take place, the temperature, on cold nights the greatest alate nymphs are more rapidly affected, number of the former was 796,900, the and more soldiers remain behind. Rough latter 700,000. Nests of Porotermes estimates of total populations in terms of adamsoni numbered only a few thousand individuals per acre are given, 2 to 5 individuals.) million (up to 10 million), of these one 1964, pp. 1-4. (Australia, the greatest ag- or two hundred thousand per acre alates gregation in the nursery of Coptotermes annually.) PREDATORS ANNANDALE, N., 1910, pp. 201-202. (Calcutta, skin lesions from the mites resulted when India, during heavy rainstorm termites the food supply of dead termites was flew into dining room destroyed by cock- exhausted. Piperonyl butoxide and roach Periplaneta americana, gnawed pyrethrins in an oil base eliminated the abdomen, if disturbed carried prey away mite infestation.) in mandibles.) Beier, M., 1964, pp. 198-200. (New species ANONYMOUS, 1937, p. 123. (Cockroaches pseudoscorpion in Calocheiridius from could eliminate termites from houses.) termite mounds in Congo.) 1953, Pp. 50. (Hawaii, Honolulu, after a Bopot, P., 1961, pp. 3053-3054. (Africa, methyl bromide fumigation for termites Dorylus (Typhopone) dentifrons pre- in homes, termite carcasses became an daceous ant destroying mounds Bellicosi- abundant food supply for mites, in the termes natalensis.) 2 months the dead termites were suitable Casimer, M., 1960, pp. 230-232. (Australia, for food, two generations of mites were Tegea atropicta, Hemiptera: Reduviidae, produced; a heavy outbreak of human an unusual predator, probably specific 325-491 O - 68 - 5 62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 on Nasutitermes exitiosus eastern half several genera prey on termites in India, Australia.) on alates, as do dragonflies and robber- EIsENMANN, E., 1961, pp. 636-638. (Panama flies, muscid-flies, cockroaches, frogs and Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, birds toads, lizards, birds, and mammals; of all kinds attracted to winged sexual predators and termites listed.) adults. On May 11, 1961, in one spot RoonwaL, M. L., and Cuuorani, O. B., 16 species birds, same primarily vege- 1962b, pp. 281-406. (India, Manipur, tarian, caught winged termites, an addi- common white-bellied rat ate swarming tional species observed elsewhere on same Odontotermes horni.) day.) SmitH, H. M., 1957, p. 102. (Blind snake Fatts, O., 1938, p. 18. (U.S., use cockroaches Leptotyphlops has curious habit eating to control termites in buildings not termite workers by swallowing them feasible.) from caudal end, but only as far as the Grasse, P. P., and Notrot, C., 1961, pp. 311- cephalothorax, then sucking the contents 359. (Africa, ant Paltothyreus battle with from the abdomen, and regurgitating soldier Bellicositermes natalensis, \atter the deflated body.) with cutting grip, pl. 20.) Weser, N. A., 1964, pp. 197-204. (Africa, Kevan, D. K. McE., 1962, p. 18. (Africa, lists ants from Belgian Congo preying narrow-mouthed toad Breviceps rosei on termites collected and identified by burrows underground to feed on sub- Dr. A. E. Emerson with notes by terranean termites. ) Emerson and Weber and references to Matuur, R. N., 1962, pp. 137-139. (Ants of Weber’s previous papers, 20 ant species.) PROTOZOA Astin, R. J., 1964, pp. 16-17. (Immunological chaetes which cover the body. The response between flagellates symbiotic to spirochaetes are attached to small brackets a roach and a termite, rabbit.) of complex internal structure, which arise 1965, pp 441-442. (Immunological response in rows from the cell surface. In addi- between protozoa symbiotic to a roach tion to one or more spirochaetes, each [Cryptocercus punctulatus| and a termite bracket is also associated with an extra- [Zootermopsis nevadensis].) cellular bacterium.) Baccetti, B., 1963, pp. 230-255. (In Reticult- Desal, R. N., and Urranal, J. C., 1962, pp. termes lucifugus, Italy, a wide micro- 110-114. (India, Dharwar, Mysore, gre- fauna and microflora in workers and garine protozoan Sphaerocystis termitis soldiers is harbored in their colon. The n. sp. from Indian termite Capritermes electron microscope proves that digestion incola.) of cellulose, and the absorption by the Dint, W., and Cesar, H. C., 1960, pp. 403- termite takes place in the mesenteron.) 407. (Symbiosis in Heterotermes longi- CLevELAND, L. R., 1960, pp. 110-112. (Photo- ceps, Brazil.) graphs of living centrioles in resting cells Grassé, P. P., and Hotranpe, A., 1963, pp. of Trichonympha collaris.) 749-792. (Flagellates of the genera 1960a, pp. 149-162. (Trichomonas gigantea, Holomastigotoides and Rostronympha; the centrioles supply the stimuli for the chromosome structure and coiling cycle syntheses in their own reproduction in in Holomastigotoides psammotermitidis each cell generation but also for the host is Psammotermes hybostoma.) production of flagella and _ other Grimstonge, A. V., and CLrevetanp, L. R., organelles. ) 1965, pp. 387-400. (Morphology and 1960b, 7m Stauber 1960, pp. 5-10, effects of function of axostyles of certain flagellates insect hormones on the protozoa of from the gut of termites and the wood- Cryptocercus and termites.) feeding roach Cryptocercus punctulatus.) CLeveLAND, L. R., and Grimstong, A. V., Guzman, S. R., 1960, pp. 73-77. (Chile, 1964, pp. 668-685. (Mixotricha paradoxa, Calotermes chilensis, \ethal temperature a large polymastigote flagellate from the flagellate protozoa 39°C. for living gut of Mastotermes darwiniensis, uses insects kept at that temperature in humid its four flagella to steer it, its movements atmosphere for 24 hours, highest de- are brought about by coordinated un- faunation temperature for termites dulations of many thousands of spiro- known, termites live 2 weeks.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 63 1961, pp. 83-96. (Chile, Oxymonas chilensts 1964, pp. 1106-1108. (Lipides in flagellates n. sp., flagellate symbiont of Calotermes symbiotic with termites colored by chilensis, uncertain position of three Sudan Black B.) structures in genus discussed.) 1964a, pp. 2211-2213. (Digestion of wood: 1962, pp. 57-63. (Chile, Stephanonympha cellulose and lignin by symbiotic flagel- calotermitis n. sp., flagellate symbiont lates.) (Calonymphidae) described from Calo- Misra, J. N., 1962, p. 153. (Intestinal cellulose termes chilensis, key to genera in family, digesting symbionts of two types: flagel- distinguishing characters of Stephano- lates in lower termites, microbial flora nympha species.) in higher. Enzymes in Odontotermes Hatpar, D. P., and Cuaxravarty, M. M., obesus, bacteria in hind gut.) 1964, pp. 377-381. (Sudanophilic simple Roseg, M., Arcs, P. J. D’., and Mazzetta, O., and bound lipids in three species of ter- 1960, pp. 1-39. (Algeria, histochemical re- mite flagellates.) searches on the trophozoite adult of 1964a, pp. 77-81. (India, cytochemical Joenia annectens, a joeniid flagellate sym- studies on three species of termite flagellates.) biont of Calotermes flavicollis.) Honicserc, B. M., 1963, pp. 20-63. (Evolu- Urine). (G.. ands Drsas. “Ro Ni, 1962, tionary and systematic relationships in the pp. 97-109. (Dharwar, India, gregarine flagellate order Trichomonadida Kirby. protozoa Hirmocystis speculitermis and Monocercomonas moskowitzi n. sp. and H, dharwarensis and Steinina termitis Trichomonas nonconforma n. sp. are in the non-xylophagous termite Speculi- named and diagnosed. Keys to all families termes cyclops sinhalensis, Infection con- and subfamilies of order and genera of fined to fore gut of host.) Monocercomonadidae and Trichomonadi- 1963, pp. 39-43. (India, Metaclevelandella dae are included.) termitis n. gen., n. sp. of heterotrichous Jaxon, H., and De Loyorag, Sirva, J., 1959, ciliate (fam. Clevelandellidae) in Capri- pp. 113-117. (Brazil, chemical Acetarson, termes incola.) removed flagellate protozoa from Eucryp- Urranal, J. C., and Josepu, K. J., 1962, pp. totermes sp. in 3 days, no harm to 155-161. (Flagellate symbionts, list of termites.) protozoa from India, live in rectal sac, KrisHna, K., 1961, pp. 303-408. (List in systematic order protozoa family Kalo- contain enzymes digest cellulose, account termitidae. Generic differentiation proto- for % to % weight termites, two im- zoa took place before differentiation of portant orders Polymastigida and Hyper- Kalotermitid genera.) mastigida, over 200 species, 48 genera, KrisHNAMOooRTHY, R. V., 1960, pp. 156-161. 89 species 14 genera Indian region, de- (India, digestive enzymes of Hetero- scription genera and specificity, physiol- termes indicola.) ogy of digestion by enzymes, mode of Lavette, A., 1960, pp. 4202-4204. (General, transmission through proctodeal food, polysaccharides of symbiotic flagellates.) molts and reduce numbers.) RACKET Bernarp, C., pp. 8, 10-11. (U.S., California, plained in detail answering Hodel’s C. Hodel in the April 1962 issue of the criticism.) California Real Estate Magazine, page 10, Hatz, D..G.,, 1066, p. 5. CU:S., Georgia, published an article “Is the termite racket, only 7 of 84 inspected infested business becoming a legalized racket?” houses by P.C.O. in Savannah in 1934 The author lacked knowledge of the infested, reported to local sheriff.) Structural Pest Control Board laws of Hover, C., 1962, p. 10. (U.S., California, California and of the use of the Standard criticism of Structural Pest Control Board Inspection Report Form. History of and Standard Inspection Report Form legislation regulating industry 1935-1961 implying that the termite business was given and inspection report form ex- tending toward being a racket, summary of report in detail.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 RADIATION AiperT, J., 1963, pp. I-12. (Frame, Cubi- The greater economy in the use of termes fungtfaber in laboratory workers food and other substances may be con- and soldiers received regurgitated food tributory factor to the “group-effect” in (stomodeal) detected by contamination social insects.) with radioactive phosphorus. Queen is Kurir, A., 1963, pp. 67-70. (For radical con- first to be contaminated by salivary liquid trol of termites in open places radio- from workers, receives constant nourish- active isotopes in the form of atomic ment; alates close to flight heavily loaded wastes lowered into the ground to a with saliva. Nymphs of last but one depth of 1-2 mm. where the queens are. stage and king receive only poor By weak doses the gonads of the two quantity.) sexes could be weakened and fertility Becker, G., and Burmester, A., 1962, pp. reduced. After a few years the populous 416-426. (The results published to date termite community can be radically de- on the effect of y-radiation on wood stroyed. Precautions outlined for control properties compiled; in authors’ own ex- work.) periments pine, spruce, and beech wood McManan, E. A., 1963, pp. 74-82. (US., exposed to different doses cobalt-60-radia- Cryptotermes brevis food exchange re- tion. Conditions for the development of lationships by nymphs traced by radio- termites (Heterotermes indicola) were isotopes, soldiers and supplementary re- studied, and the results on the eating productives had smaller feeding capaci- activity on wood irradiated for different ties than nymphs of same weight. durations tabulated. The reaction to Strontium-labeled donors lost a much radiation differed for the three wood larger percentage of their nuclide via species. At the heavier dosages of radia- pellets than cobalt-labeled donors; the tion, the termites necessarily ate more strontium tended to be concentrated in wood to satisfy their requirements since the malpighian tubules, the cobalt in the constituents, carbohydrates, were the hindgut. It is suggested that the changed; at wood lightly radiated, the symbiotic protozoa and bacteria concen- termites ate less wood, less than un- trated the cobalt. Pellet production at treated.) the rate of 0.65 pellet per termite per Gosswatp, K., and Kiort, W., 1961, pp. 7-12. day, molting caused cessation.) (Germany laboratory radiobiological ex- 1963a, pp. 32-34, 36. (U.S., Cryptotermes periments with insects including termites, brevis, radioactive tests show how ter- use of radioactive isotopes as tracers in mites feed, food exchange: feed the social life opens new field. Young ter- dependent young and soldiers, distributes mites are not helpless. Marking food with the ectohormones affecting caste dif- isotopes gives data of great interest. ferentiation, distributes the symbiotic Young of first and second stadia do not cellulose digesting protozoa. Proctodeal feed themselves, fed by other termites food from the hindgut was the most as are soldiers. No asocial tendencies usual way of exchange. Tracing these in sexual males. In case of many ter- habits by radioisotopes permits study mites one caste which has suddenly be- of termite activities under relatively come overabundant will be completely natural condition.) eaten even though fully sound.) Naxajmma, S., SHrmizu, K., and NakayIMa, 1963, pp. 25-42. (Tracer experiments on Y., 1963, pp. 340-346. (Japan, biological food exchange using labeled food studies influence of Formosan termites exposed were made to determine for Kalotermes to Co” gamma source. The longevity of flavicollis which stages and castes are the termite was reduced in proportion capable of direct feeding or are receptors with the increase of the radiation dosage of stomodeally or proctodeally given from 3000 to 12,000 roentgens, but trophallactic food. Pseudoworkers are the reduction was not remarkable in the most effective. Tracer methods were also 9rxd r and the 2Xd r exposed to 3000 r. used to explain the greater longevity In proportion to the radiation dosage and agressiveness of termites when in from 3000 r to 12,000 r, the number of groups rather than as single individuals. the sets depositing eggs as well as the Pseudoworkers were labeled with I'™ total number of eggs deposited were re- The tracer remained longer in groups. duced. The emergence of the soldier NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 65 caste in the 9rxdr decreased with the termites exposed to Co” from 3000 r to increase of the radiation dosage. The 12,000 r is in the following order: degree of the biological influence of the Oxdr<_ xo — fr Xin) REARING AusaT, A., CHEEMA, P. S., Kos, T., PERTI, Cryptotermes, and Kalotermes main- S. L., and Rancanatuan, S. K., 1962, tained under controlled conditions in pp. 121-125. (Laboratory culturing laboratory in tubes, jars, and plates, Odontotermes obesus, India, pair of alates partially rotted soft woods used for in tube with moist soil, also when food.) foraging started colony transferred to 1963, pp. 267-284. (Britain, rearing ter- larger container with pieces of Semul mites in laboratory, historical and recent, wood added, maximum duration 947 at Felcourt large general receptacle, days. Also termites collected from battery jar, Jucci-Grassé tube, Liischer mound without queen, with sawdust, plate-type termitarium.) agar and soil; and with fungus garden Sampaio, E. J. F., 1963, pp. 32-41. (Portugal, added; survived for 3 months, as against Reticulitermes lucifugus, method rearing 20 days without. Eggs laid 3-4 days colonies 100, 0.4% mortality of colonies, after pairing, hatch after 19-21 days, high number’ reproducing colonies workers appear after 12-14 days.) (50%), low cost maintenance in labora- Becker, G., 1965b, pp. 385-398. (Small ter- tory, 300 colonies (about 30,000 termites mite groups can be maintained and ob- kept March 1060 till July 196r.) served between glass plates; asbestos SENsKE, W. M., 1966, p. 24. (Washington, cement containers suitable for larger Spokane, portable termite colony to boost colonies. Some species can be maintained sales described and illustrated. Cover without soil.) infested section wood with sheet of Hicxin, N. E., 1961, pp. 84-86. (England, tightly glued glass and place in dish European, and tropical Reticulitermes, of water; one colony lived 9 months.) RESISTANT PLANTS Ratnaswamy, M. C., 1961, pp. 341-344. millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) in rela- (India, anatomical studies in the Italian tion to termite resistance.) RESISTANT WOODS, FIBER, PLASTICS Anonymous, 1960b, pp. 1-6. (Tanganyika, melanoxylon, Koompassia malacensis, natural durability timbers.) Shorea sp., Shorea stenoptera resistant, 1960c. (Resistance, West African timbers.) last three failed in case of one termite 1962n, p. 81. (Australia, reference to pub- species each. Resistance differs in differ- lished papers.) ent parts stem of wood.) AusaT, A., CHEEMA, P. S., Kost, T., Pert, 1963b, pp. 132-145. (Laboratory testing S. L., and RancHanaTuan, S. K., 1962a, the natural resistance of 14 Indonesian pp. 199-202. (Natural resistance woods and 7 German species of woods against to Heterotermes indicola, India in labora- 5 species of termites from temperate and tory, longevity termites in sawdust of tropical regions proved that results ob- woods show great agreement with field tained by tests with one termite species trials.) cannot be applied to others.) Becker, G., 1961, pp. 278-290. (German and CouprEAu, J., Foucrrousse, M., Bressy, O., Indonesian woods tested in laboratory, and Lucas, S., 1960, pp. 40-51. (France, termites Kalotermes flavicollis, Zoo- new method testing resistance tropical termopsis angusticollis, Reticulitermes woods to Reticulitermes lucifugus. Rapid lucifugus, var. santonensis, Heterotermes laboratory tests, criterion loss weight indicola, and Nasutitermes ephratae. Re- wood and number of termites involved; sistance varied with termite species. at beginning and end of test, Average Tectona grandis, small heartwood Khaya percentage wood destroyed given in anthoteca, Diptocarpus sp., Cotylelobium parentheses; Eucalyptus resinifera SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 (15.6%), Distemonanthus benthamianus low melt flow more resistant than with (14.2%), Tarrietia utilis (11%), Ano- high index. Field tests, employing pyxis klaineana (9.6%), Piptadenia Coptotermes acinaciformis, Heterotermes africana (9.4%), Tarrietia javanica ferox, and Microcerotermes implacidus, (6.6%), Eucalyptus robusta (5%), Af- 10 commercial timbers from Western zelia africana (5%), Mammea africana Australia fall into 4 durability groups; (3.0%), Guibourtia demeusei (3.5%), highly resistant: Acacia acuminata; re- Chlorophora regia (2 samples) (3.5%) sistant: Eucalyptus redunea, E. marginata, and (2.8%), Nauclea diderrichti (3.4%), E. patens; moderately resistant: E. Mansonia altissima (3%), Autranella guilfoylei, E. jacksoni, E. astringens; congolensis (1%), Lophira alata (neg- susceptible to very susceptible: E. calo- ligible attack). None of the termites phylla, E. gomphocephala, E. diversi- survived the test of these woods. Colo- color.) nies were established in tubes with frag- 1965, pp. 47-48. (Australia, laboratory tests ments of wood on a column of damp with the same species of termites as used sand.) in 1963 showed that plantation-grown Da Costa, E. W. B., RupMan, P., and Gay, cypress pine (Callitris intratropica) is F. J., 1958, pp. 291-298. (Melbourne, as resistant as naturally grown trees. Australia, resistance of teak Tectona Natural resistance of brigalow, Acacia grandis to decay dependent on extrac- harpophylla, is superior to tallowwood tives, as was resistance to Coptotermes Eucalyptus microcorys and equivalent to lacteus and Nasutitermes exitiosus, cor- spotted gum E. maculata. Hardboard relation between age of tree and extrac- with 0.025% heptachlor is highly re- tive content, most in durable outer sistant. Airfield lighting cable with poly- heart wood.) thene sheath and Nylon II jacket im- 1960, (Relationships of growth factors to mune. Field tests, Acacia acuminata and the durability of teak.) Eucalyptus redunca highly resistant to 1961, pp. 308-319. (Idem.) Coptotermes acinaciformis, Heterotermes Das, N. R., CHanpora, L. P., and Ramora, ferox, and Muicrocerotermes implacidus, B.C., 1965, pp. 6-12. (India, New Forest, former Western Australian timber after Dehra-Dun, inspection in 1964 of tests 6 years.) on natural durability of timbers in test Gay, F. J., and Wetnerty, A. H., 1962, pp. yard.) 1-31. (Australia, plasticized polyvinyl Gay, F. J., 1961, pp. 37-38. (Australia, labora- chloride, polyethylene and cellulose esters tory studies, pp. 37-38, field studies, p. are liable to severe damage by termites; 38; laboratory testing of 10 Western plastics are more liable to attack by Australian commercial timbers with species of Coptotermes than by Nasuti- Coptotermes lacteus now in progress. termes exitiosus. Changes in nature and Field tests of the same woods with amount plasticizer can improve resistance Coptotermes acinaciformis, Heterotermes plasticized polyvinyl chloride and simi- ferox, and Mrcrocerotermes implacidus lar improvement can be effected in poly- after 3 years show high susceptibility of ethylene by a change from low to high Eucalyptus gomphocephala and E. d1- density material. Thickness important versicolor, and high resistance of E. factor in susceptibility but hardness more marginata, E. redunca, and Acacia important, although limiting flexibility. acuminata.) The addition of aldrin or dieldrin might 1962, p. 62. (Field tests after 4 years show produce toxic hazard. The addition of high resistance of the above three species a nontoxic mineral filler reduces suscepti- of commercial timbers.) bility without affecting the physical 1963c, pp. 71-72. (Australia, laboratory properties of the plastic adversely.) studies, employing Nasutitermes exitiosus, Hormcren, L., 1963, pp. 1-4. (Resistance Coptotermes lacteus, and C. acinaciformis Ethiopian timbers to termite attack.) show powder bark (Eucalyptus accedens Hrepy, I., 1961, pp. 41-50. (Czechoslovakia, has same resistance as wandoo (E. resistance wood and plastics to Reticult- redunca) and would be a satisfactory termes lucifugus.) substitute as a pole timber. The Central 1961a, pp. 546-556. (Czechoslovakia, Re- American Achras zapota is almost im- ticulitermes clypeatus and lucifugus in mune to attack. Polyethylenes with a laboratory in Petri dishes on moist filter NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 67 paper and in moist soil, the termites 1961, pp. 10-15, (Australia, variation in the escape after eating through the speci- role of toxic extractives in the resistance mens, a rapid test. None of the speci- of durable eucalypts to decay.) mens can be termed resistant. Field RupMaN, P., and Gay, F. J., 1961, pp. 50-53. tests at Canton, China (250) days deter- (Australia, cause natural resistance tal- mined Fraxinus chinensis the most re- lowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) heart- sistant.) wood to attack by Nasutitermes exitiosus 1961b, pp. 557-565. (Czechoslovakia, Re- indicate extractives of major importance, ticulitermes lucifugus slightly damaged act as repellent, major constituent cyclo Fraxinus chinensis, Machilus sp., and eucalenol repellent not termiticide, anti- Ternstroemia gymnothera, other woods termite activity destroyed by saponifica- and plastics tested not resistant.) tion.) 1961d, pp. 133-148. (Czechoslovakia, 1961a, pp. 117-120. (Australia, measure- natural resistance timbers.) ments of antitermite properties of anthra- Konpo, T., Kurorort, S., TesHrma, M., and quinones from Tectona grandis L. f. by Sumimota, M., 1963, pp. 125-129. (Japan, a rapid semimicromethod.) the termicidal wood extractive from 1963, pp. 21-25. (Australia, a number of Kalopanax septemlobus.) anthracenes, anthrones, anthraquinones Martinez, J. B., 1963, pp. 87-119. (Peninsula, and xanthones have been tested with Spanish Guinea, Brazil, list of woods Nasutitermes exitiosus for antitermitic resistant to Reticulitermes lucifugus; list activity. Many of the substances, while of woods resistant to Cryptotermes brevis, not toxic, act as deterrents. Aurofusarin, Canary Islds. Extractives which give which is possibly a naphtoquinony]- wood resistance.) pyrone, was equally effective.) Ortiz Cespepes, M. R., 1964, pp. 21-22. (Wood (Pinus radiata) and wood prod- 1964, pp. 113-116. (Australia, Coptotermes ucts exposed to Calotermes chilensis; lacteus, intraspecific variations in ter- durability particle board.) mite resistance to cypress pine (Callitris RoonwaL, M. L., CHatteryee, P. N., and columellaris F. Muell.) Tuapa, R. S., 1962a, pp. 1-3. (India, a ScuuttzE-Dewitz, G., 1960, pp. 64-68. proprietary cloth “PAN” Nos. 4, 5, and (Natural resistance of the heartwood of 6 made of synthetic fiber was tested for exotic woods to Reticulitermes lucifugus, 25 months underground at Dehra Dun. Germany.) The cloth, wrapped about or between 1960a, pp. 365, 367, 413-415, 445-446. (Re- blocks of wood, showed more or less sistance to Reticulitermes lucifugus of full resistance to Odontotermes assmuthi woods of various structures and density. and O. parvidens up to about 16 months, Tests of spring and summer wood.) but thereafter was attacked in varying 1961, pp. 29-31. (Differences in the extent degrees. “Control” muslin was destroyed of damage by Reticulitermes luctfugus within 5 months and plain wood within and R. flavipes to heartwood of Pinus 16 months.) sylvestris, Picea abies and Quercus RupMan, P., 1959, pp. 112-115. (Australia, robur.) some conspicuous phenolic components 1963, pp. 24-31. (Laboratory tests of ter- from extractives in heartwood of mite-resistant woods Fitzroya cupres- eucalypts and their relation to decay soides and Sequoia dendron giganteum resistance.) exposed to Reticulitermes lucifugus 1960, pp. 1356-1357. (Australia, anthra- showed that by increasing the number of quinones of teak (Tectona grandis.) test organisms (1000 workers) these 1965, pp. 52-58. (Australia, resistance in Callitris columellaris, toxicity wood ex- woods were considerably attacked, Ger- tractives.) many.) Rupman, P., and Da Costa, E. W. B., 1959, 1965, pp. 127-134. (Laboratory tests of sap- pp. 33-42. (Australia, variation in extrac- wood and heartwood of Scots pine and tive content and decay resistance in the Douglas fir using 200 workers of heartwood of Tectona grandis.) Reticulitermes lucifugus indicated that a 1960. (Australia, investigations on durabil- period of 4 to 6 weeks gave sufficient ity of teak, Asia-Pacific Forestry Com- results. Untreated sapwood of Douglas mission.) fir was more resistant even after 8 years SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 of storage than the heartwood was at collis accelerated laboratory tests nine the beginning. This difference seems species Indian woods.) to disappear after 1 month of attack 1963b, pp. 57-65. (Europe, methods test- by a wood-destroying fungus, Germany.) ing materials.) Sen-SarMA, P. K., 1963, pp. I-10. (India, Sen-SARMA, P. K., and CuHatrTerjee, P. N., Heterotermes indicola longevity in saw- 1965a, pp. 805-813. (India, laboratory dust from 40 common Indian timbers; tests, qualitative and quantitative, re- deodar, 6 days, laurel, 9; 11-20 days: sistance 16 species Indian woods against white cedar, sal, etc.; 21-30 days: toon, Neotermes bosei.) teak, etc. Accelerated laboratory tests Sorman, A. A., 1964, pp. 305-307. (Egypt, of 37 common Indian timbers; highly Hodotermes ochraceus, the susceptible resistant: deodar, sal, teak, etc.; moder- level to both DDT and BHC is low, BHC ately susceptible: toon, laurel, etc.) is more toxic at lower concentrations 1963a, pp. 51-56. (India, Kalotermes flavi- and is recommended for control.) REVIEWS AND ABSTRACTS Cuatterjee, P. N., 1961, P. I. (India, review has specialized experience in _ biology, in detail contributions to the systematics morphology, classification and identifica- of oriental termites, Roonwal and Sen- iton. Injury to crops as well as buildings Sarma 1960. First of a series of entomo- dealt with on a geographical basis, con- logical monographs to be issued by the trol given.) Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Snyper, T. E., 1962, pp. 48, 50. (Abstracts: it is the outcome of taxonomic work at General, summary of 13 papers on ter- the Forest Research Inst. 1953-1956. There mites presented at the 4th Congress In- are five articles, out of which two are ternatl. Union Study Social Insects, Pavia, revision works, new species, a new Italy, Sept. 9-14, 1961. Subjects: endo- family, keys, redescriptions of known crinology, biology, control, damage, re- species and a new term “pseudoworker” sistant woods, protozoa, taxonomy.) to designate immature worker-like indi- 1962a, p. 50. (Review: General, termites; viduals who perform the duties of their recognition and control. Harris, workers in the Kalotermitidae.) W. V. 1961. Damage as world problem, Davies, R. G., 1962, p. 152. (Review: General, to buildings and products, living crops, growing economic importance termites lists injurious termites, distribution, in tropics, immense biological interest habits, detection, and control.) shown in “Termites; their recognition 1963a, p. 13. (Review: Insect factor in wood and control,” Harris, W. V. 1961. Ex- decay. Hicken, N. E. 1963. Damage by tensive experience as head of the Colonial wood-boring insects, especially wood Office Termite Research Unit has led worm in Britain. Legislation in Britain to an excellent well-illustrated account of to prevent introduction termites.) termites, how they affect man’s welfare and how to control them. 1966a, p. 231. (Review. The termites of Guitarovy, M. S., 1961, pp. 393-397. (Review the United States. A handbook. Wees- and abstracts of papers on termites in the ner, F. M. 1965. Written for the informa- humid tropics at an international sym- tion of commercial pest control operators, posium in India in 1960.) discusses classification, structure, castes, Ritey, N. D., 1962, pp. 916-917. (Review: habits and introductions. Data on indoor General, termites; their recognition and flights species of Reticulitermes on re- control. Harris, W. V., 1961. Damage gional basis for 1964 and 1965 with important in tropics; as head of Colonial cooperation of 200 operators, keys to Office Termite Research Unit, Dr. Harris species.) SECRETIONS Fuyu, N., Secawa, M., Ocuiar, N., and formosanus by one dimensional ascend- Sumizu, K., 1962, pp. 7-11. (Japan, ing paper chromatography. Isolated distribution of free Amino acids in egg, were leucine, valine, tyrosine, alanine, worker and soldier of Coptotermes glutamic acid, serine, lysine, and cystine.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 69 HervaAnt-MEeEwl!s, H., and Pasteets, J. M., tion controlled chiefly by a mechanism 1961, pp. 3078-3080. (Calotermes flavi- of differential timing of hormone secre- collis, moulting glands, prothoracic, in tions, which itself is regulated by all castes; persistency in soldiers.) pheromones and nutritional influences.) Hrpy, and Novak, V. J. A., 1960, pp. 222- 1963b, pp. 189-192. (Zootermopsis nevaden- 225. (Czechoslovakia, exohormone of the sis, demonstration of a trail pheromone queen honeybee and Kalotermes flavi- showed how an ether solution of a gland collis pseudoergates found nonspecific.) on the 5th sternite brushed on glass Ltscuer, M., 1959, pp. 161-166. (Kalotermes would lead this termite to follow a flavicollis, development polymorphism trail.) under influence pheromones and factor 1964 pp. 79-90. (Kalotermes flavicollis, of nourishment, corpora allata activity specific effect of male and female func- determines differentiation of the castes.) tional replacement reproductives upon (1960), 1962, pp. 579-582. (Social hormones transformation of the larvae and tst stage play an important role in social insects. nymphs into replacement reproductives. In termites pheromones are responsible Female reproductives always produce a for the differentiation of castes and sex-specific inhibitory pheromone, while social regulation, as well as trail mark- males only produce a comparable phero- ing.) mone when in the presence of a female. 1961a, pp. 57-67. (Social control of poly- Single male reproductives have a stimula- morphism, differentiation of castes due tory effect upon the transformation of to pheromones, the termite colony may female larvae and nymphs into replace- be regarded as a superorganism which ment reproductives. ) reacts as a whole to disturbances.) Moore, B. P., 1962, pp. 13-15. (Australia, 1962, pp. 1-11. (Kalotermes flavicollis, esaneerides exitiosus, evidence for metamorphosis and caste differentiation existence soldier controlling pheromone. controlled by hormones. Juvenile and Chemistry scent-trail, three component gonadotropic hormones of corpora allata pheromones isolated, others exist in ac- most important; juvenile hormone being tive concentrates. Defensive secretion responsible for competence and stationary preponderance unsaturated terpene-like and regressive molts, gonadotropic for hydrocarbons, 80% of total volatile frac- soldier differentiation. Hormone-like sub- tion. Chemical nature coumarin-like sub- stances or pheromones are given off by stance isolated from haemolymph Nasuti- reproductives and probably also by other termes sp., nasutins appear to be deriva- castes. They circulate within the colony tives of ellagic acid and may function as and influence the endocrine system of the antibiotics in the living insects.) larvae and nymphs which receive them. 1962a, pp. 1101-1102. (Australia, coumarin- They are responsible for social regula- like substances, nasutins from Nasuti- tion within the colony while the hor- termes spp.) mones bring about or inhibit specific 1963, pp. 12-13. (Australia, chemical char- determinations within the individual acterization of scent-trail pheromones of termite. ) Nasutitermes exitiosus: are lipid in na- 1962a, p. 615. (Sex pheromones in the ture, show activity as low as 10° molar termite superorganism.) in inert solvent, Trails of purified main 1963a, pp. 1-11. (Kalotermes flavicollis component are also readily followed by full-grown larvae or pseudergates have other species of Nasutitermes which four different development possibilities possess no ventral gland, but are ignored at each molt, direction induced by in- by Coptotermes lacteus and similar spe- trinsic environmental factors, if colony cies, where a prominent ventral scent regarded as a superorganism. Soldier gland is present. Preliminary analyses and alate development seem to be de- of the lipids of N. walkeri and C. lacteus pendent on nutrition, There is strong show neither species to contain the evidence that pheromones (social hor- exitiosus pheromone although in N. mones) are involved in supplementary walkeri closeiy related compounds are reproductive development, probably in- present. Trail activity of this type may duced by a massive release of brain prove to be genus-rather than species- hormone in a pseudergate with a high specific. The soldier-defensive secretions juvenile hormone titer. Caste differentia- of Nasutitermes have in exitiosus, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 walkeri, and graveolus terpenoid hydro- castes of Reticulitermes lucifugus. Best carbons, the same four are present in results have been obtained by Gomori’s each species although in differing pro- chrome-haematoxylin-philoxin method: portions. One of these is an alpha- Gomori positive-material has been found pinene, a characteristic component of oil in the cell’s cytoplasm of the frontal of turpentine, and it is likely that other ganglion, of the proto- and _ deuto- constituents of turpentine are also pres- cerebrum, of the thoracic and abdominal ent in the termite secretions. There ganglia. Secretion granules have been appears to be a relationship between these observed in corpora cardiaca, and allata- nasutins and the plant metabolite, ellagic and relative nerves-and in the tentorial acid, which may function as antibiotic.) (ventral) gland. The same results have 1964, pp. 371-375. (Australia, Nasutitermes been obtained by aldehyde-fuchsin tech- soldiers, as above, alpha-pinene has been nique. Argentaffine granules are present identified as a major volatile component in the corpora allata.) of defensive secretions of three species; ScHNEIDERMAN, H. A., and Grvsert, L. I., beta-pinene and other monoterpenoid 1964, Ppp. 325-333. (Several growth hor- hydrocarbons also present in significant mones appear to be isoprenoid deriva- amounts. Terpenes function largely as tives, and some may act upon the cell solvent-carriers for the resinous constitu- nucleus. Insect hormones have been ents of the secretions but may also serve crystallized. There are now known more as alarm substances.) than a dozen chemicals which can simu- 1965, pp. 17-18. (Australia, active main late the effects of insect hormones. Find- scent-trail pheromone of Nasutitermes ings suggest: ecdysone, juvenile hormone, exitiosus natural concentration in active gonadotropic hormone and perhaps brain termites less than one part per million, hormone may be related chemically; less during winter. Soldier-defensive- these substances may all be polyiso- secretions important in biology. Mono- prenoid derivatives. Some insect hor- terpenoid hydrocarbons wide spread in mones are steroids, then either they must specialized family Termitidae, alarm be modifying a dietary sterol or different pheromones, not present in more primi- pathways of sterol biosynthesis exist in tive families.) insects than those reported in micro- Moscon1, P. B., 1963, pp. 22-28. (Italy, by organisms and mammals.) general staining methods the morphol- Stuart, A. M., 1963, pp. 69-84. (Origin of ogy of the endocrine system of five trail in Nasutitermes corniger and Zoo- species of termites in different families termopsis nevadensis, odor trails, sub- has been described comparing it with stance in sternal gland.) similar researches on Blattoidea. By 1964, pp. 43-52. (Structure and function histological and histochemical methods sternal gland Zootermopsis nevadensis, for demonstrating the neurosecretion, morphology, histology described, dis- the tentorial behavior of stomodeal and cussed, illustrated, secretion probably a central nervous system and endocrine grease passed through the cuticle. When organs of some castes of these species alarmed lays a trail by dragging its have been examined, especially neuter abdomen.) SENSE ORGANS AsusHAMA, F. T., 1964a, pp. 145-147. (Ol- ment or jerking behavior by individuals, factory receptors on antenna of Zoo- recognized each occurring under dif- termopsis angusticollis.) ferent conditions of stimulation. Main Howse, P. E., 1962, pp. 457-459. (Zoo- behavior pattern giving rise to sub- termopsis angusticollis, perception of stratum vibration and usually audible vibration by the subgenual organ, re- sound which has been recorded.) sponses recorded from the nerve cord.) 1963, pp. 258-267. (Zootermopsis angusti- 1964a, pp. 409-424. (Zootermopsis angustt- collis, evolution of the production of collis, action potentials deriving from vibrations as a communication means.) tibial subgenual organ have been recorded 1963a, pp. 256-268. (Zootermopsis angusti- from termite nerve cord preparations. collis, several types of vibration move- The two kinds of cells in the organ, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 71 which are differently disposed, will be kinds of cell, and these forces could set into transient oscillation following initiate nervous discharges.) their displacement from steady-state PrestacE, J. J., StirFER, E. H., and STEPHENS, conditions. The natural frequency of the L. B., 1963, pp. 874-878. (U.S., Reticuli- two kinds of cell will be different, and termes flavipes, thin-walled sensory pegs for the short time that the transient on antenna worker, most numerous at vibrations last rapidly changing forces ends of distal subsegments, described and will act about the junctions of the two illustrated.) SHIELDS ANonyMous. 1962i, p. 14. (U.S., shielding space) inspected. Lists 1,423 installation repudiated, had become a racket, in defects, 31% improper design; 61% disrepute.) careless installation; interference by serv- 1964g, p. 3. (U.S., shields effective if prop- ice installations after shields in place.) erly designed, installed, and inspected, Hamitton, J. R., and Coss, J. B., 1964, pp. but now in disrepute because improperly 1-7. (U.S., Georgia, metal shields in installed.) small home construction. Conclusions: 1964r, pp. I1-, 14-15. (U.S., survey shows shield ineffective, J. B. Cobb, University as installed in northeast Georgia afford of Georgia, study in northeast Georgia little protection against termites, too determines shields as installed in area many defects, alternate control methods afford little protection, 310 houses (crawl suggested.) SOIL POISONS, BAITS, DUSTS, REPELLENTS ALLEN, T. C., EsENTHER, G. R., and Licut- ATTFIELD, J. G., 1962, pp. 252-253. (In- ENSTEIN, E. P., 1964, pp. 26-29. (US., secticides, ) Madison, Wisconsin, Reticulitermes Beat, R. H., and Smiru, V. K., 1964, p. 771. flavipes, dieldrin-concrete mixtures (0.1% (U.S., Mississippi, granules of aldrin 0.5 and 1.6% wettable powder in waterless pound per 1o feet soil surface, gamma toxic), laboratory aging of mixture left benzene hexachloride 0.9 pound, chlor- a stable residual toxicity. Mixtures that dane 1.0 pound, dieldrin 0.5 pound and were subjected to outdoor weathering heptachlor 0.5 pound all 100% effective for 22 months were equal in toxicity to after a 5-year exposure. The tests will newly prepared mixtures. Exposures of have to continue longer to determine 10 species of termites to dieldrin-concrete whether granules are as effective as showed all species affected; the 4 sub- emulsions.) terranean species were more sensitive Berzat, L. J., 1964, p. 46. (U.S., Indiana, than were 5 nonsubterranean species.) with colored dyes mixed into termite soil Anonymous. 1962], p. 24. (U.S., tristate poisons, operators can check on the PCO convention Jekyll Island, Ga., Aug. placement and effectiveness of treatment 16-18, new bioassay technique described and see if any movement of chemical to measure amount toxicant remains occurs after application. Red iron oxide after treatment, and how effective they (10 pounds added to each 250 gallons of remain. Will determine whether retreat- water emulsion) colors spray light red. ment is necessary; whether enough Useful in treating water-logged soil; chemical is being used; able to determine where seepage occurs dye material will what happens to termiticides as they are have “run.” Cost dye 10 cents per absorbed through the soil in penetration pound.) studies.) Brook, T. S., 1965, pp. 42, 44. (U.S., Missis- 1964s, pp. 52, 54, 56. (U.S., on the basis of sippi State Univ., studies distribution research conducted by Chisholm, Ko- termiticides in soil in test plots, 6 weeks blitsky, and Westlake and discussed after treatment dieldrin had moved under Soil Poisons 1962 and 10962a, de- more than chlordane with greater mor- tailed instructions are given on how to tality. Studies of extent of termite feed- use FHA-developed soil test kit to check ing on test wooden blocks are being termiticide residue.) made. ) 72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Casipa, J. E., 1964, pp. 1011-1017. (Organo- tests of 10 chemicals in clay loam and phosphates and carbamates are used pri- fine sand, after 2% years the treated marily as contact insecticides. Of lower soil was toxic at very low concentrations. mammalian toxicity and problems of It is more effective to change the carrier residues and resistance of the chlorinated than the insecticide, in wet soil use hydrocarbons will result in a shift to half the volume of water, double the con- esterase inhibitors for pest control. Listed centration of the insecticide; in dry soil, with formulae are organophosphates in- Vice versa.) cluding parathion, malathion, diazinon, Freminc, W. E., Parker, L. B., Maines, dichlorvos, tepp, dimethoate, and ronnel; W. W., Prasxet, E. L., and McCase, carbamates, including isolan and car- P. J., 1962, pp. 1-44. (U.S., residues of baryl.) chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides may CuatterjeE, P. N., 1963, p. 148. (India, mix- persist in soil for several years. Com- ture of BHC (gammexane) and dieldrin parable results obtained in biological and has much higher residual effect than chemical determinations, but as the in- these insecticides when used alone.) secticides weathered, bioassay appeared CuisHoLMm, R. D., Kosritsky, L., and West- more reliable. Amounts of insecticides in- LAKE, W. E., 1962, pp. 1-8. (U.S., rapid activated varied with type soil, muck methods of estimating residues of aldrin most adsorbent inactivated 90%, more and chlordane in soils treated for ter- attention should be given to nature soil, mites.) less insecticide needed for mineral soils; 1962a, pp. 48, 50-53, 66. (U.S., methods of bibliography.) estimating residues of aldrin and chlor- Gay, F. J., 1961. (Field studies, p. 38. In dane in soils treated for termites, both Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. Res. by color and organic chloride analysis.) Org., Divis. Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. Rept.) CoLeman, V. R., 1966, pp. 32, 34, 36-38. (Australia, Riverina, soil treatment tests, (U.S., tests of Cecil Series subsoil south- against Nasutitermes exitiosus, 0.1% and ern Piedmont Region using fruit fly to 0.2% lindane, 1% and 2% chlordane, assay soils treated with chlordane, aldrin, and tetrachlorbenzene (1:3 in diesel dieldrin, and heptachlor. Chemicals did distillate or creosote) have given com- not lose their residual effectiveness for plete protection for 6 years; against I-, 3-, and 6-month test. Details tech- Coptotermes lacteus, 0.1% dieldrin and nique given.) 2% chlordane for 7 years; and 0.1% and Decker, G. C., Bruce, W. N., and Biccer, 0.2% aldrin and tetrachlorbenzene for J. H., 1965, pp. 266-271. (USS., Illinois 6 years; against a termite complex in data are presented to delineate (1) the the Riverina, 5% _ pentachlorophenol, rate and extent of aldrin conversion to 5% sodium pentachlorophenate, 2% dieldrin and (2) the rate of residue chlordane, and creosote for 8 years; (aldrin+dieldrin) dissipation in soils. while 0.5% lindane, 0.5% aldrin, 0.5% It is concluded that under cornbelt con- dieldrin, and 1% chlordane have given ditions the probability that the annual 5-year protection to date.) applications of aldrin over a period of 1962, p. 62. (The above tests have proven 10 years or more will result in accumu- effective for another year.) lations in excess of the annual applica- 1963a, pp. 1-4. (Australia, soil poison tests tion rate is remote.) in New South Wales at Sutton, Braid- Esetinc, W., and Wacner, R. E., 1961, wood and Riverina, which vary in soil pp. 1, 4. (California, field tests, pretreat- types, climate and termite fauna, tests ment for subterranean termite pre- described and illustrated. The most ef- vention.) fective chemicals are chlordane, aldrin, 1962, pp. 16, 18, 20. (California, inspec- dieldrin, or lindane for periods of 7-10 tions now being made 5 years after years; soil poisoning is the simplest treatment using FHA dosages, and method of protection. Details of protec- methods, (8 insecticides), except no out- tive treatments given.) side trench, instead liquid poured into 1963c, pp. 71-74. (Australia, against Nasuti- depression left when form board was termes exitiosus, 0.2% lindane, 1% and removed. Both joist type and slab on 2% chlordane, and _tetrachlorbenzene ground houses included. Laboratory (1:3 diesel distillate or creosote) have NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 72 all given complete protection for 8 above tests, environment described, two years. Against Coptotermes lacteus, 2% species Reticulitermes involved, chlor- chlordane has given protection for 9 dane 100% effective after 15 years, aldrin years, tetrachlorbenzene for 8 years. and dieldrin after 14 years, heptachlor Against a termite complex in the River- after 11 years. Since 1958 granular form- ina, 2% chlordane has been completely ulations of these chemicals applied to effective for 10 years, 0.5% lindane, the surface have been 100% effective. aldrin, or dieldrin and 1% chlordane Benzene hexachloride and DDT failed has given 7 years of protection so far.) after about 10 years. Protection duration 1965, p. 48. (Australia, field tests against depends to some extent on the quantity Nasutitermes exitiosus 0.5% aldrin 0.5% of chemical applied; cost chemical small dieldrin completely effective after 8 years part of total cost of treating a building, in soil; 1% and 2% chlordane after 10 false economy to reduce quantity ap- years; 0.25% and 0.5% heptachlor after plied.) 2% years. Breakdown: Sevin 0.5% after Katz, H., 1962, p. 60. (U.S., in pretreatment 3 years; 0.25% and 0.5% Thiodan after slabs, treat drain pipes near footing to 5 years; tetrachlorbenzene in diesel oil prevent entrance termites, etc.) after 10 years. Against Coptotermes 1962a, pp. 44, 46. (U.S., micronized dusts lacteus the following are still completely applied in same hole used to inject liquid effective: 0.25% and 0.5% _ heptachlor to the footing, one or two strokes to after 2% years; 0.5% aldrin after 8 years; the opening in wall void, 6% chlordane and 2% chlordane after 11 years. Break- in microcel or 1% lindane micronized, down: 0.5% Sevin after 3 years; 0.25% more effective than solutions.) Thiodan after 5 years; and tetrachlor- 1962b, p. 44. (U.S., Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- benzene in creosote after 10 years. vania states that French drains, rock- Against a termite complex of at least fills of various sizes in a stratified layer three species in the Riverina 1% chlor- on the uphill side of a house, with a dane completely effective after 9 years, trench and drain tile at bottom, last 2% after 12 years; 0.5% aldrin, dieldrin, 2 feet covered with soil are a problem. and lindane for 9g years.) In rodding soil poison goes down drain. Hemiess, U. A> 20h2.. pp. 270271.. (LLS., Remedy use quick-breaking emulsion Florida, comparative toxicity of DDT, which will adhere to rock.) TDE, methoxychlor, BHC (gamma), LIcHTENSTEIN, E. P., ScHurz, K. R., and chlordane, toxaphene, pentachlorophenol, Cow ey, G. T., 1963, pp. 485-489. (U.S., and sodium pentachlorophenate dilu- in laboratory in a silt loam soil inhibi- tions as soil poisons 15-year test, Reticul1- tion of conversion of aldrin to dieldrin termes flavipes, sandy soil. Comparative with methylenedioxyphenyl synergists toxicity 100% knockdown for aldrin, showed sesamex inhibited conversion dieldrin, heptachlor dilutions, new or- more than any other; sesamol, a break- ganic insecticides superior.) down product of sesamex, did not in- Jounston, H. R., 1963, p. 27. (U.S., Gulfport, hibit it significantly and maize oil in- Mississippi, tests begun in 1944 were creased it.) examined in October 1962, 18-year test, MarsHaLt, C. W., 1966, pp. 72, 74, 76. (U.S., ground-board and stake tests and site rodding techniques for soil poisoning described. Aldrin 0.5% (actual) in water under slabs, vertical drilling, short emulsion, 100% effective after 13 years; rodding and long rodding; first method chlordane 1.0% (technical) in water preferred, short rodding more expen- emulsion, 100%, 14 years; dieldrin 0.5% sive than long rodding.) (actual) in water emulsion, 100%, 13 Moore, A. D., 1964, pp. 1-3. (U.S., Beltsville, years; heptachlor 0.5% (actual) in water Maryland, aerial test circle in 1963 DDT emulsion, 100%, 10 years; benezene and DDE residues in soil, after aerial hexachloride 0.8% gamma in water spraying from 1951 through 1958, 5% to emulsion, 100%, 7 years, less than 50%, 7% DDT and 1.2% to 2% DDE still 12 years; DDT 8.0% (technical) in oil, present in soil in 1963.) 100%, 5 years, 90%, 11 years, less than O’Brien, R. E., Reep, J. K., and Fox, R. C., 50%, 14 years.) 1965, pp. 14-15, 42, 44. (This study 1965a, p. 687. (U.S., Gulfport, Mississippi, indicated that there were wide differ- 74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 ences in the horizontal and_ vertical U.S. Dept. AcGricuLTURE, ForEst SERVICE. movement of insecticide applied by dif- 1961, pp. 1-8. (U.S., soil treatment, an ferent injector rods to different types of aid in termite control.) soil. To be effective the above men- Wueattey, G. A., and Harpmav, J. A., 1960, tioned conditions must be considered if PP. 423-427. (Bioassay of residues of in- rods are used.) secticides in soil.) Spgar, P. J., 1962, pp. 1-3. (U.S., new product Wiese, I. H., 1964, pp. 823-835. (South Africa, development for and by the pest control five chlorinated hydrocarbons inactivated industry, statistics on size pest control by soils of different types of texture, in ‘industry 5000 firms, amount business loam soil only half as active, in clay annually 300 million dollars, 7-10% ex- only % or ¥% as active as in sand, test pansion in recent years, 30 million termite Trinervitermes trinervoides.) dollars per year market for pesticides, Wotcott, G. N., 1953, pp. 1-5. (Residual special chemicals for special insects, chlor- effectiveness of insecticides against soil dane and dieldrin most common soil inhabiting insects, aldrin most effective poisons used in termite control.) against white grubs in Puerto Rico.) SOUND Frinos, H., and Frines, M., 1962, pp. 13-20. Howse, P. E., 1963a, pp. 256-268. (Zoo- (U.S., possibilities of use of sound as termopsis angusticollis, vibration move- means of killing insects, too costly, sound ment or jerking behavior give rise to fields restricted in extent, animal must sound as result of impact against sub- be brought to them.) strate, means recognition.) Haskett, P. T., 1961, pp. 29, 59, 153. 1964b, pp. 284-300. (Zootermopsis angusti- (Leucotermes tenuis numbers of indi- collis, significance of sound, apparatus viduals tap ground in unison at a rate of 10 times per second, hammering with for analyzing patterns of sounds de- head produces faint drumming noise. scribed. The .convulsive .movement If colonies of Cornitermes similis are (Vertical Oscillary Movement) is af- disturbed, soldiers will tap heads on fected by substratum vibration, not by ground and may continue for half a airborne sound; it has the same effect as minute. This tapping is rhythmical and a warning signal. Elaborate tests indicate in unison and is said to act as a warning that a “language” making use of varia- to the remainder of the colony. Sound tions in the sound pattern could not be produced by adult as result impact expected in Z. angusticollis.) against substrate.) SUPERORGANISM Luscuer, M., r1961a, pp. 57-67. (Termite organism which reacts as a whole to colony may be regarded as a_super- disturbances.) TAXONOMY Aumap, M., 1963, pp. 395-399. (Thailand, and keys to genera and species, imagos Indotermes thailandis n. sp. soldier holo- and soldiers included. Species figured; type, workers, Tung Sa-Lang Luang known species redescribed, figured. Natl. Park, Pitsanulok Prov. /ndotermes Postelectrotermes tongyaii n. sp., imago does not deserve a family rank, belongs holotype, | Ka-Chong. Glyptotermes to subfamily Amitermitinae, family kachongensis n. sp., soldiers holotype Termitidae, very closely related to and paratype, Ka-Chong. Cryptotermes Speculitermes.) thailandis n. sp., soldier holotype, imago 1965, pp. 1-114. (Thailand, 74 species morphotype, Klang Dong. Coptotermes recorded, 29 genera, 32 mew species premarasmii n. sp., soldier holotype, described; holotypes in Dept. Zool., Univ. imago morphotype, Ka-Chong. Pro- Panjab, Lahore, Pakistan, paratypes in rhinotermes tibiaoensifornis n. sp., soldier A.M.N.H. Lists of localities and species holotype, Wang Nok An. Schedorhino- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 75 termes rectangularis n. sp., major and Araujo, R. L., 1961, pp. 105-111. (Brazil, minor soldiers holotype, worker morpho- Dihoplotermes inusitatus n. sp., major type, Chantaburi. Macrotermes chaiglomi and minor soldier, imago; major soldier n. sp., major soldier holotype, minor holotype; Morumbia; near Cornicapri- soldier morphotype, 20 km. east of Mae termes. First case of two types (di- Sod on road to Tak. M. maesodensis morphic) soldiers in Termitinae.) n. sp., soldiers major and minor holo- Banks, F. A., 1946, pp. 1-iii, 1-28. (US., type, workers morphotype, 20 km. east of distinction of species in Reticulitermes, Mae Sod on road to Tak. Odontotermes list of species, distribution of genus, keys maesodensis n. sp., soldier holotype, to species of eastern United States, de- imago morphotype, 20 km. east of Mae scriptions, measurements, diagrams, il. Sod on road to Tak. O. proformosanus lustrations. ) n. sp., soldier holotype, king morpho- Ber-BiEnKo, G. Ya., 1964, pp..174-176. (SSSR, type, Ka-Chong. O. paraoblongatus n. European part, key to Kalotermitidae sp., soldier holotype, Muaek Lek. O. and Rhinotermitidae, with their included takensis n. sp., soldier holotype, Tak. genera and species.) Hypotermes makhamensis n. sp., queen, Bouttton, A., and Matuort, G., 1965, pp. soldiers holotype, paratypes, king mor- 1-115. (Africa, catalog, 613 species in photype. Muaek Lek. Speculitermes Africa. Keys to families, genera sys- macrodentatus n. sp., soldier holotype, tematic discussion, measurements and queen morphotype. Tung sa-lang Luang indices, variation, morphology soldiers. Natl. Park. Microcerotermes minutus Names and numbers African genera and n. sp., soldier holotype, imagoes mor- species. A series of 25 plates gives de- photypes. Wang Nok An. M._ para- tailed morphological drawings of celebensis n. sp., soldier holotype, African termites.) imagoes morphotypes. Ka-Chong. Ami- CuattTerjeE, P. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., termes longignathus n. sp., soldier holo- 1962a, pp. 822-826. (Burma, Odonto- types, paratypes. Huay Yang. Haviland1- termes proatripennis n. sp., soldier holo- termes paralatigula n. sp., soldier, holo- type, imago morphotype. Ka-Chong. type, Hlegu Range, Insein Forest Divis.) Nasutitermes tungsalangensis nn. sp., CuaTTerjJEE, P. N., and Tuaxkur, M. L., soldier holotype, imago morphotype. 1963, pp. 171-203. (Indo-Malayan Re- Tung Sa-Lang Luang. N. dimorphus n. gion, revision genus (Hypotermes sp., major soldier holotype, minor (Termitidae:Macrotermitinae), redescrip- soldier morphotype. Kan Tang. N. tions Hypotermes nonpriangi Roonwal perparvus n. sp., soldiers holotype, para- and Sen-Sarma, soldier, worker, Assam; type. Wang Nok An. Bulbitermes mak- obscuriceps (Wasmann), imago, soldier, hamensis n. sp., soldiers holotypes, para- worker, figured, variations in soldier and types. Makham. B. parapusillus n. sp., worker castes figured. Ceylon, South soldier holotype, imago morphotype. India; sumatrensis (Holmgren), soldier, Prew. B. laticephalus n. sp., soldier holo- worker figured, East Sumatra; winifredi type, imago morphotype. Tung Sa-Lang (Ahmad), imago, soldier figured, Cey- Luang. Termes huayangensis n. sp., lon; xenotermitis (Wasmann), soldier, soldier holotype, imago morphotype. worker figured, Burma.) Huay Yang. Mirocapritermes latignathus 1964, pp. 1-6. (India, Kashmir, Microcero- n. sp., soldiers holotype, paratypes. Ka- termes rambanensis n. sp. soldier holo- Chong. M. concaveus n. sp., soldiers type, worker morphotype, Maitra Forest, holotype, paratype. Khao Yai. M. pre- Ramban, India. Types Forest Research wensis n. sp., soldiers holotype, paratypes. Institute, Dehra Dun, India.) Prew. Dicuspiditermes makhamensis n. 1964a, pp. 7-16. (India, redescription Odon- sp., soldier holotype, queen morphotype. totermes gurdaspurensis Holmg. and Makham. Procapritermes prosetiger n. Holmg., imago, soldier, major and minor sp., soldiers holotype, paratypes, Ka- workers, described and figured, mostly Chong. P. longignathus n. sp., soldier from Gurdaspur, Punjab.) holotype. Tung Sa-Lang Luang. Pseudo- 1964b, pp. 149-162. (India, Kulu Valley, capritermes parasilvaticus n. sp., soldier Punjab, Sarvitermes faveolus gen. et sp. holotype, dealate morphotype. Tung Sa- nov., family Stylotermitidae, described Lang Luang.) and figured, soldier holotype, imago and 76 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 worker morphotype, Kulu Saw Mills, termes are described and discussed. L. Sarvari Village, types in INatl. collection, labralis (Holmgren) and L. longilabius Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. (Silvestri) are redescribed and figured, Relationship family Stylotermitidae dis- L. brevilabius, n. sp. from Brazil and cussed, key to the genera.) L. pelliceus, n. sp. from British Guiana 1964c, pp. 348-353. (North India, Anguli- are described and figured. A map show- termes akhorisainensis n. sp. imago, ing the localities for each species and soldier, worker, Termitinae. Characters a key to the known species of imagoes given to separate from A. dehraensis and soldiers are included. Labiotermes (Gardner) and A. acutus Mathur and brevilabius n. sp., soldier holotype, Novo Sen-Sarma. A. akhorisainensis n. sp., Horizonte. Brazil, morphotype female all castes described and figured. Soldier imago, Sao Paulo, Brazil. L. pelliceus holotype, imago, and worker morpho- n. sp., soldier holotype. Itabu Creek, type from Uttar Pradesh, Akhorisan British Guiana. Types in Amer. Mus. block. Types of Natl. Zoological coll., Nat. Hist.) Zoolog. Survey India, Calcutta.) Ernst, E., 1963, pp. 276-279. (Tanganyika, 1964d, pp. 219-260. (Revision genus Micro- Africa Pseudacanthotermes spp. biology, termes Wasmann from the Indian region, nests, keys to soldiers grandiceps, milt- genus and_ species redescribed and taris, spiniger.) figured. Key to species, list of species; 1964, pp. 173-178. (Ibid., P. laticeps placed map of world to show geographical as variety of militaris, new distribution distribution Microtermes.) records. ) CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Tuapa, R. S., 1963, Gay, F. J., 1963, pp. 421-423. (New Guinea, pp. 20-26. (India, Madras, Beesonitermes Coptotermes hyaloapex WHolmgren is n. gen., topslipensis n. sp., soldier type synonym of C. elisae (Desneux), widely species, holotype, workers paramorpho- distributed throughout the island, seri- types, Mt. Stuart, Top Slip, Madras.) ously damages living trees and shrubs 1964, pp. 210-214. (India, Grallatotermes and timber in service.) niger n. sp., soldier, holotype, worker, Grass£, P. P., and Notrot, C., 1961, pp. 311- 359. (Africa, comparison Bellicositermes morphotype, Mt, Stuart Block, Top Slip, Madras. ) goliath imago, major soldier with B. bellicosus, B. bellicosus rex, var. nov., 1964a, pp. 514-516. (India, Speculitermes B. bellicosus jeanneli, geographical varia- chadaensis nn. sp., worker holotype, tions.) Chada, South Mandla Forest Divis., Harris, W. V., 1961, pp. 1-187. (Africa, Madhya Pradesh. Imago and soldier un- tropics identification winged and soldier, known, Termitidae, Amitermitinae.) illustrated.) CHIAROMONTE, A., 1964, pp. 114-116. (Discus- 1962d, pp. 311-318. (Africa, map distribu- sion of gender of name Termes; species tion Angulitermes, list world species, previously described, with neutral specific measurements soldiers of A. braunsi, names need to be revised since Termes elsenburgi, frontalis, and imago and is a female genus.) soldier of nilensis n. sp. and truncatus Coaton, W. G. H., 1962b, pp. 114-156. (South given. 4, nilensis alate female holotype, Africa, Kruger Natl. Park, Fulleritermes soldier morphotype, Sudan, Khartoum, gen. nov. type species contractus Sjostd., Burri Woods. A. dehraensts and obtusus pp. 151, 152, figs. 11, 12, list of species from India and hussaini from W. formerly in Coarctotermes Holmgren, Pakistan are the other species.) imago-worker mandible diagnosis, pp. 1963a, pp. 1-43. (Africa, Congo, Garamba 153, 154, fig. 12.) Natl. Park, Guinean savanna, Basidenti- Connecticut UNIversity CoLLEGE OF AGRI- termes demoulini n. sp., soldier holo- CULTURE EXTENSION SERV., 1964, p. I. type, Garamba; Pericapritermes desaegeri (U.S., Connecticut, differences between n. sp., soldier holotype, Garamba; Pro- termite and ant.) mirotermes pygmaeus n. sp., alate male Emerson, A. E., and Banks, F. A., 1965, pp. holotype, soldier morphotype, Garamba; 1-33. (The structure, relationships, phy- Odontotermes garambae n. sp., alate logeny, distribution, origin, nests, ecol- female holotype, soldier morphotype, ogy, and associated termitophiles of the Garamba. Holotypes in Inst. Pares Nat. South American termite genus Labio- Congo, paratypes Brit. Mus.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 77 1964, pp. 171-172. (Israel, Angulitermes bardi (Banks), Sabino Canyon, Santa quadriceps n. sp., soldier holotype, Sodom Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Tauri- area. types ane Bcit, Mus.) Nat.) bist. termes Ni. gen., type species taurocephalus Species compared with 4. nilensis, (Silvestri), Brazil, Corumba. Proneo- figured.) termes Holmgren, type species perezi 1964b, pp. 479-481. (Saudi Arabia, Micro- Holmgren, Costa Rica. Bifiditermes n. termes najdensis, n. sp. soldier holotype, gen., type species madagascariensis (Was- Riyadh on citrus, further record, Mecca. mann), Nossibé, Madagascar. Bicornt- British Museum.) termes n. gen., type species bicornis 1965a, pp. 10-18. (Western Congo, 21 spe- Krishna n. sp., Camp Putnam, on Epulu cies Termitidae listed, one new species River, Congo, soldier holotype, winged Termitinae, Unguitermes bouilloni, morphotype. Epicalotermes Silvestri, soldier holotype, Takundi, R. Kwango.) type species aethiopicus Silvestri. A list 1966, pp. 11-17. (Malaysia and South of the genera and new combinations Africa, list of type localities of Isoptera are included.) described by Haviland.) 1962, pp. 1-13. (Mexico; Calcaritermes Hetrer, J. R. 1963, pp. 63-80. (North colei n. sp. soldier holotype near El America, how to know termites, keys to Naranjo, San Luis Potosi; C. rioensis n. winged adults and soldiers with notes sp. soldier holotype, Ilha Grande, state on distribution and habits.) of Rio, Brazil; C. snyderi n. sp. imago Hrpy, I., 1961c, pp. 97-107. (European spe- morphotype, soldier holotype, El Salva- cies Reticulitermes clypeatus, lucifugus dor, Volcan de Santa Ana, Dept. Santa and Jucifugus santonensis separated by Ana; C. temnocephalus Silvestri imago morphological and _ biological differ- morphotype, Maracas Valley, Trinidad, ences.) West Indies.) Hsia, Kar-rinc, and Fan, SHu-TEH, 1965, 1962a, pp. 1-25. (Allotermes denticulatus pp. 360-382. (China, eight species and n. sp., soldiers holotype and paratype, one subspecies, keys based on soldiers Madagascar, 39 kilometers east of and winged, including table, p. 381 for Tsihombe; A. papillifer n. sp., soldiers Chinese species. Described and figured holotype and paratype, dealate morpho- are: Reticulitermes grandis n. sp., soldier type, Madagascar, 8 kilometers south of holotype, Yunnan; Chinping; R. affinis Mahabo. Bicornitermes emersoni n. sp., n. sp., soldier holotype, Fukien: Nanping, soldier holotype, Africa, Congo, Leopold- also winged; R. chinesis leptomandi- ville. Epicalotermes planifrons n. sp., bularis n. sp. soldier holotype, Fukien: soldiers holotype and paratype, queen Yungan, also winged; R. Jabralis n. sp., and king morphotype and paramorpho- soldier holotype, Shanghai; also winged; type, Madagascar, 15 kilometers southeast and R. curvatus n. sp., soldier holotype, of Tuléar. Procryptotermes corniceps Chekiang: Kingyuan. All types in East (Snyder), species originally described China Entomological Institute, Academia from Puerto Rico redescribed from speci- Sinica.) mens from Jamaica; P. falcifer n. sp., KrisHna, K. , 1961, pp. 303-408. (World, soldiers holotype and paratype, imagos Kalotermitidae, generic revision, fossil morphotype and paramorphotype, Mauri- genus Eotermes removed, placed in tius Isld., Réunion Isld., 1 mile east Hodotermitidae, new genera, new spe- of Port de Galles; P. krishnae Emerson cies, phylogeny, list of protozoa symbiotic imago morphotype described for first in Kalotermitidae. Postelectrotermes n. time, Noumea, New Caledonia; P. gen., type species praecox (Hagen), speiseri N. and K. Holmgren, soldier in Baltic amber, E. Prussia, Upper Eocene. Museum Basel redescribed from Emer- Ceratokalotermes n. gen., type species son’s notes, Ambryn, New Hebrides.) spoliator (Hill), Federal Capital Terri- 1963, pp. 1-22. (Africa, Foraminitermes tory, Australia, Comatermes n. gen., tubifrons Holmgren winged redescribed, type species perfectus (Hagen), locality soldier described, Lolodorf, Cameroon; unknown. I/ncisitermes n. gen., type spe- F. coatoni n. sp. described, soldier holo- cies schwarzi (Banks), Paradise Key, type, winged morphotype, Kalina Woods. Fla. Allotermes Wasmann, type species Leopoldville, Congo; F. corniferus paradoxus Wasmann, S.W. Madagascar. (Sjdstedt) n, comb., soldier redescribed, Marginitermes n. gen., type species hub- Mukimbungu; F. harris: n. sp., soldier, 325-491 O - 68 - 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 holotype, Keyberg; F. rhinoceros (Wasmann), Odontotermes assamensis (Sjostedt) n. comb., soldier redescribed, Holmgren, Odontotermes bangalorenis Mukimbungu, F. valens (Silvestri) n. Holmgren, Odontotermes orissae (Sny- comb., dealate imago described, soldier der), Hypotermes nongpriangi Roonwal redescribed, Mamou, Guinea. Cerato- and Sen-Sarma, Microtermes pallidus termes regulated to synonomy. Keys to (Haviland), Microtermes umsae Roon- soldiers.) wal and Chhotani, Macrotermes gilvus f. 1963a, pp. 202-209. (Evolution family Kalo- angusticeps Kemner, Macrotermes gilvus termitidae, Isoptera, primitive in_ its var. borneensis Kemner, Macrotermes morphology, nesting behavior, social gilvus f. kalshoveni Kemner, Macro. organization. Consists of a number of termes gilvus f. Jlatinotum Kemner, living genera which have existed since Macrotermes gilvus subsp. madurensis Cretaceous times. The transitional forms Kemner, Macrotermes gilvus subsp. in the phylogenetic sequence have per- malayanus (Haviland), Macrotermes sisted, so that there are living fossils or gilvus {. padangensis Kemner, Macro. connecting links between many genera. termes gilvus f. philippinensis (Oshima), Included are 354 living and fossil spe- and Odontotermes obesus var. oculatus cies under 24 genera. Eight are new: Silvestri. The genus Angulitermes and Postelectrotermes, Ceratokalotermes, Co- four spp., Euhamitermes hamatus, Peri- matermes, Incisitermes, Marginitermes, capritermes semarangi, Odontotermes Tauritermes, Bifiditermes, and Bicorni- hainanensis, and Microtermes obesi, are termes. The genera Proneotermes, Ptero- reported here for the first time from termes, Allotermes, and Epicalotermes Burma. List of species of Burma. Micro- are resurrected.) cerotermes uncatus n. sp., soldier holo- 1965, pp. 1-34. (Burma, two families of type, Maymyo; Angulitermes paansis n. termites are found in Burma, the Rhino- sp., soldier holotype, Yegaw, Pa-an, termitidae and the Termitidae. This Karen State, 4. resimus n. sp., soldier study brings the total valid reported spp. holotype Maymyo; Maicrocapritermes to 39, grouped into 20 genera. Out of valeriae n. sp., soldier holotype, Maymyo; the 39 spp., 21 are reported in this paper. Dicuspiditermes n. gen. Capritermes In the present paper one new genus, obtusus Silvestri type species; Bulbz- DICUSPIDITERMES, is described, with termes prabhae n. sp., soldier holotype, Capritermes obtusus Silvestri as its type Maymyo; Aciculitermes maymyoensis 0. species. Ten spp. previously included in sp., soldier holotype, Maymyo. All types the genus Capritermes are transferred in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York.) to Dicuspiditermes. Two of these spp. KrisHna, K., and Emerson, A. E., 1962, pp. D. garthwaitet (Gardner) and D. laetus 1-65. (Papuan: Glyptotermes guamensis (Silvestri), are from Burma. Six new n. sp., soldier holotype, Yigo, Guam; G. spp., Microcerotermes uncatus, Anguli- lighti n. sp., imago, Marshall Islds., mor- termes paanensis, Angulitermes resimus, photype, soldier holotype; G. missanensis Mirocapritermes valeriae, Bulbitermes n. sp., soldier holotype, Nissan Isld., prabhae, and Aciculitermes maymyoensis, Green Islands; G. palauensis n. sp., are described and illustrated. The imago imago, Koror Isld., Palau Islands, mor- of Euhamitermes hamatus is described photype, soldier holotype; G. schmidti n. for the first time. Two spp. previously sp., soldier holotype, Hog Harbor, described under the names Capritermes Espiritu. Santo Isld., New Hebrides. semarangi Holmgren and Capritermes Oriental: G. concavifrons n. sp., dealate, tetraphilus Silvestri are now transferred Bandjar, Seng-kong VII, West Java, mor- photype, soldier holotype; G. kirbyi n. to Pericapritermes semarangi (Holm- sp., imago, swamp forest of Kateman, gren), new combination, and Pericapri- east coast southern Sumatra, soldier termes tetraphilus (Silvestri), new com- holotype. Ethiopian: G. hendrickxi n. bination. The following 10 spp. and 9 sp., soldier holotype, Tchibinda Forest forms and spp. have been relegated on Mt. Bukulumusa above Mulungu, into synonymy: Globitermes audax Congo; G. jurioni n. sp. imago, Yan- Silvestri, Microcerotermes burmanicus gambi, Congo, morphotype, soldier holo- Ahmad, Capritermes orientalis Mathur type; G. longuisculus n. sp., imago, 28 and Sen-Sarma, Macrotermes azarellii miles south of Rutshuru, Congo, mor- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 79 photype, soldier holotype; G. parki n. 1962c, pp. 1-122. (India, Forest Research sp., dealate female, Kakitumba, Ruanda- Institute, Dehra Dun, revised catalog Urundi, Congo, morphotype, soldier Isoptera (white ants) of Entomological holotype; G. sinomalatus n. sp., dealate Reference Collection.) Camp Putnam, Epulu River, Congo, Nuttine, W. L., 1965a, pp. 1-5. (U.S., South- morphotype, soldier holotype. Neo- west, northern Mexico, descriptions and tropical: G. adamsoni n. sp. imago, near field keys winged and soldiers seven Arima, Trinidad, W. Indies, morpho- most important species.) type, soldier holotype; G. contracticornis PrasHap, B., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1959, (Snyder) imago, morphotype San José, pp. 1-66. (Indian region, list 20 species, Costa Rica; G. longipennis n. sp., imago revision Nasutitermes, distribution. Keys holotype, San Antonio, Colombia; G. to species, imago, soldier castes, N. parvoculatus n. sp., imago, Trinidad, anamalatensis Snyder, India, _ soldier, W. Indies, morphotype, soldier holotype; worker redescribed,; N. beckeri n. sp., G. rotundifrons n. sp., Barro Colorado imago, soldier, worker, soldier holotype, Isld.. Panama Canal Zone, morphotype, worker morphotype, India, Western soldier holotype; G. seeversi n. sp., imago, Ghats, Neriamangalam; N. bdrunneus Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico, morphotype, Snyder, India, imago, soldier redescribed; soldier holotype; G. sicki n. sp., imago N. ceylonicus (Holmgren), Ceylon, (dealate), Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, imago, soldier, worker redescribed; N. Brazil, morphotype, soldier holotype; crassicornis (K. and N. Holmgren), G. truncatus n. sp., imago. Porcecito, India, soldier, worker redescribed; N. Colombia, morphotype, soldier holotype; emersoni Snyder, India, soldier, worker G. tuberifer n. sp., imago, Sandy Bay. redescribed; N. fletcheri (K. and N. St. Vincent Island, West Indies, morpho- Holmgren), India, soldier, worker re- type, soldier holotype.) described; N. gardneri Snyder, India, Kusuwana, K. S., 1962, pp. 55-62. (India, soldier, worker redescribed; N. horni taxonomic differentiation based on (Wasmann), Ceylon, soldier, worker, bristles on oral appendages and thoracic original description; N. indicola (K. and tergites of Odontotermes (O.) obesus, N. Holmgren), India, soldier, worker assmuthi and horni, soldiers and redescribed; N. jalpaigurensis n. sp., workers.) soldier, worker, soldier holotype, worker Martuur, R. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., morphotype, India, West Bengal, Teesta 1961, pp. 1-4. (Burma, Capritermes orien- Forest Divis.; N. lacustris (Bugnion), talis n. sp., soldier, Maymyo.) Ceylon, imago, soldier, worker rede- 1962a, pp. 7-12. (India, Odontotermes scribed; N. matangensis (Haviland), assmuthi, winged described.) North Borneo, Sarawak, imago, soldier, Maruur, R. N., and Tuapa, R. S., 10961, worker redescribed, form matangensiodes pp. 3-7. (South India, Pseudocapritermes (Holmgren) valid form; N. matangen- fontanellus n. sp., soldier holotype, sis matangensiformis (Holmgren), North worker morphotype, Forest Res. Inst., Borneo, Sarawak, imago, soldier, worker Dehra Dun, type locality So. India, Top redescribed; N. moratus (Silvestri), Slip, Madras.) India, Abor, soldier, nymph, original 1962, pp. 49-52. (India, Termitidae. Nasuti- description; N. oculatus (Holmgren), termitinae: Ampoulitermes n. gen., type Ceylon, imago, soldier, worker rede. A. wynaadensis n. sp., holotype: soldier, scribed; N. processionarius (Schmitz), morphotype: worker; paratypes, Forest India, Western Ghats, Navoor, soldier, Research Inst., Dehra Dun; type locality: worker redescribed; N. roboratus (Sil- South India: Periyar R. F. (Reserve vestri), Lower Burma, Moulemin, N. Forest) ;W ynaad, Madras.) thanensis n. sp., soldier, worker, soldier 1962a, pp. 370-375. (India, Termitinae, holotype, worker morphotype, India, Microcapritermes n. gen., type pilosus n. Dehra Dun, Thano; N. suknensis 0. sp.; sp. soldier, worker Madras.) soldier, soldier holotype, India, West 1962b, pp. 4-8. (India, Stylotermitinae, Bengal, Sukna.) Stylotermes chakratensis n. sp. holotype 1960, pp. 1-32. (Indian region, revision soldier, morphotype worker, Uttar Hospitalitermes, description, 25 of 26 Pradesh, Chakrata, type Forest Research species occur in Oriental region, I in Inst., Dehra Dun.) Papuan, relationships. Descriptions of SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 H. ataramensis n. sp., soldier, worker, 1962a, pp. 308-316. (Burma, Rangoon, major, minor, soldier, holotype, workers Macrotermes gilvus malayanus mound morphotypes, Burma: Pokabo Reserve builder, soldier major, minor, worker (Ataram); H. blairi Roonwal and Sen- major, minor; king; physogastric queen; Sarma soldier, workers, Andaman Islds. eggs; nymphs. ) H. birmanicus Snyder, soldier, Burma: 1962b, pp. 281-406. (India, Assam, region Hsipaw. H. brevirostratus n. sp., soldier, described, 34 species described, 13 new holotype, Burma: Maymyo. H. jepsoni species or subspecies, keys given. New Snyder, soldier, workers, major, minor, species are: Burma: Kaing Range, Pyinmana. H. Reticulitermes saraswati n. sp., soldier, madrast Snyder soldier, workers, major, holotype, worker major and minor, mor- minor, India, North Vellore (Madras). photypes, type locality Shillong, Assam; H. monoceros (Koenig), imago, soldier, Speculitermes cyclops rongrensis n. workers, major, minor. Ceylon.) subsp., worker, holotype, Rongrengiri, RoonwaL, M. L., 1962a, pp. 31-50. (Recent Assam; Pseudocapritermes tikadari n. sp., developments in termite systematics, soldier, holotype, worker, morphotype, 1949-1960, history world from 1779, Cherrapungi, Assam; Capritermes lati- classification and phylogeny, soldier caste gnathus durga n. subsp., soldier, holo- in Speculitermes, morphology, zoogeog- type, worker, morphotype, Cherrapungi, raphy, lists new genera and species since Assam; Macrotermes khajuriai n. sp., 1949, and new species and authors from major soldier, holotype, morphotypes, geographical regions, bibliography.) minor soldier, worker, Umsa Nong- 1964, pp. 69-75. (Measurements and indices, kharai, Assam; Odontotermes giriensis, with the aid of precisely defined measure- holotype, soldier, morphotypes, major ments, exact comparisons can be made and minor workers, Rongrengiri, Assam; between allied taxa. List of references.) O. horae n. sp., holotype, soldier, morpho- RoonwaL, M. L., and Bose, G., 1961, pp. type, worker, Nong-Priang stream, 580-594. (India, Odontotermes bella- Assam; O. kapuri n. sp., holotype, hunisensis Holmg. and Holmg, Mysore, soldier, morphotype, worker, Cherra- redescribed, new subsp. gupta: described, pungi, Assam; Microtermes imphalensis soldiers and workers from Rajasthan.) n. sp., holotype, imago, Imphal Valley, 1962, pp. 151-158. (India, Rajasthan, Afri- Manipur, eastern India; M. umsae n. sp., can genus Psammotermes in Indian holotype soldier, morphotypes, major fauna, fuller description P. rajasthanicus, and minor workers, Umsa Nongkharai, soldier and worker.) Assam; Nasutitermes cherraensis n. sp., 1964, pp. VI+58. (India, Rajasthan, 19 holotype, major soldier, morphotypes, species and subspecies in 12 genera and minor soldier, worker, Cherrapungi, 3 families recorded, 3 new subspecies Assam; N. garoensis n. sp., holotype, described and figured. Microcerotermes soldier, morphotypes, major and minor tenuignathus laxmi n. subsp. soldier workers, Rongrengiri, Assam; N. kali holotype worker morphotype, Kolayat, n. sp., holotype, soldier, morphotypes, Bikaner Dist. Microcerotermes championi major and minor workers Umsa Nong- raja n. subsp, soldier holotype, worker kharai, Assam.) morphotype, Balsamand, Jodhpur Dist. 1962d, pp. 1-115. (Indian region, eight Odontotermes brunneus kushwahai na. species Coptotermes described and_ il- subsp. soldier holotype, worker mor- lustrated, including one new species C. photype, Bhupalsagar, Udaipur Dist. All kishori, soldier holotype, worker mor- types deposited in National Zoological photype, Berhampur, West Bengal, India; Collections, Zoological Survey India, keys to winged and soldiers.) Calcutta. Keys to differentiate soldiers 1962e, pp. 159-168a. (India, Assam, new of new subspecies given.) Neotropical element Anoplotermes; A. Roonwat, M. L., and Cuxorant, O. B., 1962, shillongensis, worker holotype, Shillong.) pp. 57-63. (India, new species and sub- 1963a, pp. 265-273. (India, Procryptotermes species Speculitermes deccanensis dec- dhari n. sp., soldier holotype, pseudo- canensis, worker, Bababudin Hills, My- worker morphotype, Coimbatore, sore; S. deccanensis paivai, “Madhupur Madras.) Bengal” (Bihar.).) 1964, pp. 45-52. (India, Odontotermes NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 81 mathadi n. sp., soldier holotype, worker nae) spp. 146-93;) fies (arer7, “pls, LX morphotype, Badani, Bijapur Distr., XVIII, tables XI-XXI. Eremotermes re- Mysore, described and figured, obesus described, key to species, relationships group, but largest; Odontotermes metur- and geographical distribution, E, dehra- ensis R. and C. imago described and duni n. sp., soldier holotype, worker figured, from Bangalore southern India morphotype, 12 miles northwest of with soldiers and workers.) Dehra Dun, imago described may be 1964a, pp. 120-130. (India, Speculitermes dehraduni from Dehra Dun, New dharwarensis n. sp., imago dealate female Forest, swarming at 2:30 p.m. 14, VI, holotype, morphotype worker, Dharwar, 1955 after shower; E. fletcheri Holmgren Mysore State, close to S. cyclops cyclops, and Holmgren redescribed, imago, S. goesswaldi n. sp., holotype imago soldier, workers, India, maliki Ahmad a dealate female, morphotype worker, synonym; E. indicatus Silvestri rede- Dharwar, Mysore State, comparison scribed, imago, soldier, worker, North with other species, types deposited in Africa, Tunis: Kairouan; E. madrasicus Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.) n. sp., soldier holotype, workers morpho- RoonwaL, M. L., and Marri, P. K., 1965, type, Villivakkam 1o miles north of pp. 255-261. (India, Postelectrotermes Madras; E. neoparadoxalis Ahmad rede- bhimi n. sp. soldier holotype, pseudo- scribed soldier, workers West Pakistan workers paratypes, Vendiperiyar village, and India; E. paradoxalis N. Holmgren Kerala State, types in Natl. Zool. Coll., redescribed, imago, soldier, worker, Zool. Survey of India, Calcutta.) major, minor, India and West Pakistan.) Roonwat, M. L., and SEN-Sarma, P. K., 1960, (V. Systematic monograph of Oriental pp. 1-420. (I. Systematics of Oriental Kalotermitidae (Isoptera) Part 1. Genera termites No. 4. A new species of Syn- Kalotermes and Neotermes, pp. 94-275, hamitermes Holmg. from Ceylon and figs. 18-46, pls. XIX-LXV, tables XXII- the imago of S. quadriceps (Wasm.) XXXIX. Description family Kalotermiti- (Termitidae: Amitermitinae, pp. 1-14, dae, keys to genera, imago and soldier figs. 1-5, tables I-II. S. colombensis n. castes. Description genus Kalotermes, sp., soldier holotype, Colombo, (West castes, geographical distribution, keys Province, Ceylon); S. quadriceps to Oriental species, imago, and soldier. (Wasm.) imago, India; key to separate Kalotermes beesoni Gardner, redescribed, S. quadriceps and S. ceylonicus (Holmg.) imago, soldier, pseudoworker, India, and imagos.) (II. No. 5. New and _ little West Pakistan; K. znamurae Oshima, known species of the genera Speculi- original description, dealated female, termes, Capritermes and Odontotermes, soldier, two forms, Formosa: K. indicus pp. 15-39, figs. 6-10, pls. I-VI, tables Holmgren, redescribed, imago, Bangkok, TIX. Speculitermes cyclops cyclops Thailand; K. jepsoni Kemner, rede- Wasm. redescribed, India; S. cyclops scribed, imago, soldier, pseudoworker, sinhalensis n. subsp., worker holotype Maskeliya, Ceylon; K. mcgregori Light, Ceylon, Vavuniya, (North Province); original description, imago, soldier, two S. triangularis n. sp., worker holotype, forms, larvae, Philippines: Luzon Island: India, Dehra Dun, keys to worker. Capri- Culi Culi near Manila; K. pintor Kemner, termes dunensis n. sp., soldier holotype, redescribed, imago, soldier, pseudo- India, Dehra Dun. Odontotermes micro- worker, Ceylon, India; K. taylort, re- dentatus n. sp., soldier holotype, imago described, soldier, Philippines, Mindanao morphotype and worker, India, Dehra Is. Description of the genus Neotermes, Dun, Uttar Pradesh.) (III. On a new castes, world distribution, list of 28 termite, Indotermes maymensis Roonwal Oriental species, keys to Oriental species, and Sen-Sarma (gen. and sp. nov.) from imago and soldier. Neotermes andama- Burma (family Indotermitidae nov., pp. nensis Snyder, original description, 40-45, pls. VII-VIII, table X. /ndotermes dealated female, North Andaman Is.; maymensis n. sp., soldier holotype, N. artocarpi (Haviland), redescribed, Burma, Maymyo, genus compared with imago, soldier, pseudoworker, Indonesia, Stylotermes, Cornitermes.) (IV. Revision Borneo, Sarawak; N. assmuthi N. Holm- of the termite genus Eremotermes Sil- gren, redescribed, imago, soldier, pseudo- vestri (Isoptera: Termitidae: Amitermiti- worker, India, Mysore, Bangalore; N. 82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 boset Snyder, redescribed, imago, soldier, pines, Negros Island; N. pishinensis pseudoworker, India, Dehra Dun, Uttar Ahmad, original description, soldier, Pradesh, N. gardnert Snyder is a syno- soldier holotype, West Pakistan, Pishin; nym; N. buxensis n. sp., imago, soldier, N. saleierensis Kemner, redescribed, pseudoworker, soldier holotype, imago, imago, soldier, pseudoworker; soldier and pseudoworker morphotype, India, lectotype, dealated female and worker North Bengal, Buxa Forest Division; N. lectomorphotypes, Oceania, Saleier Is- dalbergiae | Kalshoven, __ redescribed, land; N. sinensis (Light), redescribed, imago, soldier, pseudoworker, Indonesia, soldier, soldier holotype, China, Kwang- Java, Banjoemas, and Kedoe; N. fletcheri tung Prov., Ting Wu Shan Monastery; Holmgren and Holmgren, redescribed, N. sonneratiae Kemner, redescribed, imago, soldier, pseudoworker, South imago, soldier, pseudoworker, soldier India, Madras, Coimbatore; N. grandis lectotype, imagos, and pseudoworkers Light, redescribed, soldier, pseudo- lectomorphotypes, Java, Batavia; WN. worker, Philippines, Luzon; N. green tectonae (Dammerman), _ redescribed, (Desneux), redescribed, imago, soldier, imago, soldier, pseudoworker, Java, pseudoworker, Ceylon; N. kemneri n. Keodoing-Djate. ) sp., soldier, pseudoworker, soldier holo- Roonwat, M. L., and Tuaxur, M. L., 1963, type, pseudoworker morphotype, Ceylon, pp. 102-117. (Andaman Islands, Bay of Gannoruwa, (Paradeniya) N. ketelensis Bengal, Rhinotermitidae, Prorhinotermes Kemner, redescribed, soldier, pseudo- shiva n. sp., soldier holotype, major and worker, soldier lectotype, pseudoworker minor workers morphotypes, India, Long lectomorphotype, Oceania: Djampea Island, Middle Andaman group. Schedo- Island; N. koshunensis (Shiraki), rede- rhinotermes tiwaru n. sp., soldier major scribed, imago, soldier, pseudoworker, holotype, soldier minor, and worker Formosa, south Japan, E. China, N. morphotypes, South Andaman Island.) lagunensis (Oshima), redescribed, soldier, Sanps, W. A., 1965b, pp. 1-172. (Africa, pseudoworker, soldier paratype, Philip- revision of subfamily Nasutitermitinae pines, Luzon; N. longipennis Kemner, for the Ethiopian region. 47 species redescribed, imago, imago holotype, recognized, 7 new, in 14 genera, 4 new; Sumatra, Fort de Kock; N. malatensis 77 names synonymous, of which 62 are (Oshima), redescribed, imago, soldier, newly established synonyms, 4 species re- pseudoworker, imago paratype, Philip- moved from subfamily. Phylogeny sub- pines, Luzon Island; N. mangiferae n. family discussed; keys to genera and spe- sp., soldier, pseudoworker, soldier holo- cies. Distribution of species and genera type, pseudoworker morphotype, India, related to vegetation types, Notes on Calcutta; N. medius Oshima, original biology. List of species and synonyms.) description, imago, imago cotype, Su- Nasutitermes hirticeps n. sp., soldier matra, Labuan Badjau, Simalur Island; holotype, S. Thomé, Binda, type N. megaoculatus megaoculatus n. sp., A.M.N.H. Leptomyxotermes n. gen., soldier, pseudoworker, soldier holotype, imago, soldier syntype, Eutermes doriae pseudoworker, morphotype, India, Dehra Silvestri generitype, I. Fernando Poo, Dun, New Forest; N. megaoculatus Basilé, type A.M.N.H. Fulleritermes lakhimpuri n. subsp., soldier, pseudo- coatoni n. sp., imago holotype, soldiers worker, soldier holotype, pseudoworker and workers paratypes N.C.I., Pretoria morphotype, India, Assam, Makum, Rhadinotermes n. gen., imago, soldiers Lakhimpur; N. microculatus n. sp., and workers syntype, Eutermes co- soldier, pseudoergate, soldier holotype, arctatus Sj6stedt generitype, Nyasaland, pseudoworker morphotype, India, Dehra Zomba, A.M.N.H. Mycterotermes n. gen., Dun, Uttar Pradesh; N. microphthalmus Light, redescribed imago, imago cotype, meringocephalus n. sp., generitype, major Philippines, Negros Island; N. militaris soldier holotype, minor soldier morpho- (Desneux), redescribed, imago, soldier, type, Aden, B.M. (N.H.) Trinervitermes pseudoworker, soldier holotype, Ceylon, saudiensis n. sp., male imago holotype, N. militaris, var. unidentatus (Kemner), Saudi Arabia, Jidda B.M. (N.H.) soldier, Ceylon, is a snyonym; N. par- Baucaliotermes n. gen., imago (queen) viscutatus Light, redescribed, imago, morphotype, Subulitermes hainesi (Ful- soldier, pseudoworker, cotypes Philip- ler) generitype, South Africa, Kliprand, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 83 N.C.l. Eutermellus abruptus n. sp., fe- Odontotermes (O) yunnanensis n. sp., male imago holotype, soldier morpho- soldier, winged, Puerh, Yunnan; O. type, Congo, Njili, A.M.N.H. E. aqui- angustignathus n. sp., soldier, Cheli; linus n. sp., female imago holotype, Microtermes dimorphus n. sp., soldier, soldier morphotype Ghana, Awura, B.M. winged, Chinping; Nasutitermes fulvus (N.H.) E. undulans n. sp., female imago n. sp., soldier, Chinping, N. deltocephalus holotype, soldier morphotype, Ghana n. sp., soldier, winged, Chinping; WN. 3 m. from Larabanga, B.M. (N.H.) orthonasus n. sp., major and minor 1965c, pp. 132-136. (Africa, Nasuti- soldier, Chinping; N. erectinasus n. sp., termes diabolus (Sjéstedt) imago mor- major and minor soldier, Lohwei,, photype described and figured, male Hainan; N. grandinasus n. sp., soldier, from Gabon, type in British Museum. Kienow, Fukien; N. communis n. sp., Mimeutermes majusculus n. sp., de- soldier, Nantsing, Fukien; N. sinuosus scribed and figured holotype male imago, n. sp., soldier, Chinping; N. parafulvus Tanganyika, Mbeya, type in British n. sp., soldier, Chinping; described and Museum.) figured.) Scott, H. G., 1961, p. 46. (North America, 1964, pp. 25-37. (Geographical distribution keys to winged and soldier common ter- 62 known species termites of China dis- mites North America, illustrated.) cussed; north boundary line each region SnypER, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, related to climatic factors.) pp. 63-77. (Philippines, list species, keys Wess, G. C., 1961, pp. 1-34. (Africa, keys to winged and soldiers, glossary.) to genera African termites adapted from SpAure ©V 0 Al 1004 pp: 27-33. (Israel, Revision der Termiten Afrikas, vol. 3, Termitidae, Amitermitinae: three new Monographie, Y. Sjostedt 1926.) species, Amitermes wahrmani soldier Werpner, H., 1961, pp. 15-76. (Africa, holotype, Pardes Hanna, Eremotermes Angola, key to major soldiers African arctus, imago holotype, Beror Hayil, Macrotermes.) Israel, and Microcerotermes palestinensis 1962, pp. 129-133. (Burma, Macrotermes soldier holotype, imago and worker mor- azarelit, annandalet, serrulatus and ser- photype, Negev, Wadi Abyad (Nahal rulatus hopini, distribution, keys to Lavan). All types are in American soldiers.) Museum Natural History.) 1962b, pp. 86-93. (Africa, Sudan, Pseuda- Tietz, H. M., 1963, p. 116. (North America, canthotermes harrisensis n. sp., major, Keys to four families of Isoptera, based minor soldiers, workers, holotype major on winged adult characters, ocelli, frontal soldier, Tozi Research Farm, paratypes gland, wings, cerci, wing stubs.) one major two minor soldiers, major and Tsa1, Panc-Hau, and CHEN, NING-SHENG, minor workers.) 1963, pp. 167-198. (South China, 21 new Wueeter, G. C., and WHEELER, J., 1963, pp. species, in I2 genera, from Provinces 190-193. (U.S., North Dakota, distinguish- Kwangtung, Fukien, Kwangsi, Yunnan, ing characters Reticulitermes flavipes Hainan, and Chekiang Kalotermitidae: and R. tibialis winged and soldiers.) Cryptotermes declivis n. sp., soldier, Wiis, R. M. C., 1962, pp. 127-130. (East winged, Chaochow, Kwangtung; Lodi- Africa, Termitinae, correction, Crene- termes nigrifrons n. sp., soldier, Chin- termes umbraticola Williams 1954; ac- ping, Yunnan; Glyptotermes chinpingen- cording to A. E. Emerson, consists of sis mn. sp., soldier, winged, Chinping. two genera. Williams redescribes the Rhinotermitidae: Heterotermes _ latila- imagos as Euchilotermes umbraticola brum n. sp., soldier, Cheli, Yunnan; comb. n. holotype, soldier, morphotype, Reticulitermes longicephalus nn. sp., S. E. Kenya, Kwale. Crenetermes mixtus soldier Changting, Fukien; Schedorhino- nom. noy., holotype soldier, morphotype termes magnus Nn. sp., major, minor of original description; morphotype soldier, Chinping. Termitidae: Eury- king.) termes isodentatus n. sp., soldier, winged, Yu, C. W., and Pine, C. M., 1964a, pp. 344- Menghan, Yunnan; Procapritermes albi- 361. (China, Yunnan Province and pennis n. sp., soldier, winged, Chinping; Hainan Island, Operculitermes Yu et Caprit-rmes pseudolaetus n. sp., soldier, Ping n. gen., family Rhinotermitidae, Chinping; C. minutus soldier, Chinping; Heterotermitinae, O. sinensis Yu et Ping 84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 n. sp., imago, soldier. O. sinensis sinensis | Zimsen, E., 1964, pp. 612-613. (Type material (subsp. typ), O. sinensis latipedunculus of J. C. Fabricius: Termes destructor (subsp. nov.), O. sinensis inclinatus synonym of Nasutitermes nigriceps (subsp. nov., O. latilabrum (Tsai et (Haldemann), det. Emerson 1957. Chen), O. minutus Yu et Ping n. sp. Termes arda, Termes mordax, Termes Key to genus and to soldiers. Types morio synonym Coptotermes testaceus and morphotypes deposited in the South- (Linn.), det. Emerson 1957. Termes China Institute of Researches for Sub- flavicollis synonym Kalotermes flavicollis tropical crops.) selected as lectotype Emerson 1937.) TEMPERATURE Becker, G., 1963c, pp. 286-295. (Germany, the 42 surviving colonies in June 1961. laboratory, Nasutitermes ephratae from At 60° F. 73 of the tor pairs survived of Mexico young colonies dependent on which 52 have a brood. The maximum temperature. Hardly influenced by a number in any one colony at 2 years temperature between 24°C, and 32°C., was 22. egg deposition began after a few days. 1964a, pp. 250-262. (Australia, temperature Embryonic development is shortest at a inside colonies of Coptotermes acinaci- temperature between 30°C. and 32°C., formis and C. frenchi in living trees are also shortest for first workers, whereas well above those in neighboring, unin- 29°C. most favorable for first soldiers. fested, parts of the tree. In a colony of This termite needs less time develop- the former temperature readings varied mental stages than any other observed.) from 33°, -to’ 2850.2 16g oc ie Greaves, T., 1961, Termites in forest trees, p. 20° C. above that at the centre of the tree 39. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. trunk. The movement of termites in the Res. Org., Division Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. colony was reflected in changes in the Rept. (Australia, seasonal studies made nursery temperature, in a C. frenchi of temperature in living trees, tempera- colony there was little diurnal variation, ture of a colony of Coptotermes acinact- 27°C. to 36° C., the highest temperature formis infesting a large blackbutt tree at in November when alates were present. Pine Creek State Forest, Coff’s Harbour The tree insulated against fluctuating studied for several weeks.) air temperature in the same way as a 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia, fluctuations in mound insulates a colony of C. lacteus. temperature of colonies of Coptotermes Studies of this kind have been useful acinaciformis in living trees at center of in assessing the results of insecticide nursery was 35°C.=95°F. in mid- treatments. ) winter rising to 37.8°C. in summer. 1965a, pp. 175-180. (Australia, temperature Vibrations caused a drop in tempera- sound buffered tree trunks compared ture.) with that of trees infested with Copto- 1963, pp. 74-75. (Australia, termites in termes frenchi, forest buffered fluctuation colonies of Coptotermes acinaciformis ag- temperature. ) gregate in the nursery in cooler weather IkeHarA, S., 1961, pp. 1-3. (Japanese Archi- to maintain the required high nursery pelago, data given on_ temperature temperature. To obtain a more accurate (Centigrade) for knowing northwest population estimate, a colony in a tree limits of termites. Formula: Pt (lowest was frozen with dry ice. The tempera- preferred temperature)—At (mean ture cooled rapidly under the bark to daily temperature in coldest month) + Dt —19°C. and after 66 hours the whole (difference of mean daily temperature tree section was below 0° C. The cool- between inside the nest and outside in ing resulted in a temporary migration the coldest month at the northern limit. of part of the colony to galleries above Hodotermopsis japonicus—1.6; Kalo- the nursery. termes koshunensis—o.g; K. kotoensis Porotermes adamsoni cannot thrive at —o.7, K. fuscus 0.5; Leucotermes 78° F. Of 100 pairs installed in January speratus 7.6; Coptotermes formosanus 1961, a brood was present in only one of —0.5; Odontotermes formosanus—1.3; NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 85 Eutermes takasagoensis 1.3. A general Lunp, A. E., 1962, pp. 36, 60. (U.S., Reticuli- formula Pt— At+ Dt.) termes flavipes in laboratory average Liscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa, lower lethal temperature —11°C., microclimate nests best at 86°F. in —17.5°C. for winged alates, average tropics, 79° F. in temperate zone.) upper lethal temperature 48.5° C.) TERMITOPHILES BaponneL, A., 1955, (Africa, Dundo, psocid Silvestri in nest Capritermes opacus Hemiseopsis machadoi n. sp. in termi- parvus Silv., Brazil, Coxipo Cuyaba.) tarium Macrotermes natalensis described JosePH, K. J., and Matuap, S. B., 1963, pp. and figured, pp. 40-41. Dundo (Lua- 379-386. (India, Thysanura, Nicoletidae, chimo) Seopsis termitophilus n. sp. in Neatelura gen. n., yellapurensis sp. n. termitarium Procubitermes? described Atelurinae termitophilous with Micro- and figured, pp. 44-45.) cerotermes fletcheri at Yellapure, Mysore Benoit, P. L. G., 1964, pp. 174-187. (Africa, State; female holotype.) anophthalmic-eyeless-Oonopidae (Ara- Mockrorp, E. L., 1965, pp. 169-176. (South neae) in termite nests.) Africa, Psocoptera from termite nests, Beyer, E. M., 1965, pp. 181-187. (South four species including Liposcelis bostry- Africa, lists little known termitophiles chophilus termitophilus n. subsp. in nest and hosts and describes and figures Para- Odontotermes badius in Transvaal.) termitoxenia n. gen., and coatoni n. MuEsEBECK, C. F. W., 1965, pp. 187-190. sp., from fungus garden cell Allodon- (South Africa, Pretoria, Hymenoptera, termes rhodesiensis Sjost. 14 miles from Diapriidae, parasite in Syntermitoxenia Heilbron towards Edenville.) pseudonanna, termitoxeniid from fungus BorcMeier, T., 1959, pp. 289-308. (Costa comb in nest Odontotermes latericius, Rica and Brazil, four new genera and Termitopria n. gen., sheasbyi n. sp.) several new species Staphilinidae, in Pactt, J., 1965, pp. 59-60. (Africa, Transvaal, Termitonasus n.g., Termitohospes, and Collembolan, Cyphoderus trinervoidis n. Termitognathus n.g.) sp. in nest Trinervitermes trinervoides.) DELACHAMBRE, J., 1965, pp. 273-283. (Ivory PHEtps, A., 1965, p. 705. (Respiration rate of the termophilic mite Thermocarus Coast, forest of Bolo, 50 km. from Sas- nevadiensis.) sandra, Termitoxeniidae, Diptera Ter- mitostroma ivorensis n, sp. physogastric Rotu, L. M., and Wits, E. R., 1960, pp. adult and larva, with Protermes pro- 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 316, 317, 320. (Gen- repens described and figured.) eral, termites hosts of commensal cock- roaches, U.S. and tropics, bibliography, Dysas, H. S., 1961, pp. 57-62. (Bolivia, illus.) Ptiliidae in termite nests, Xenopteryx n. Samsinak, K., 1961, pp. 193-207. (China, gen., setosus n. sp., with Speculitermes termitophilous Acarina, Anoetus myr- n. sp. Emerson, Cachuela Esperanza, micarum, Acotyledon n. spp., and Hypo- Beni Prov.) aspis (Cosmolaelaps) hrdvi.) HaverscHMinvT, F., 1960, pp. 53-54. (Australia, ScHEERPELTZ, O., 1963, pp. 136-140. (East nesting of birds in arboreal termites’ India, Staphylinidae, Zyras beckeri na. nest: Xiphorhynchus picus, Progne chaly- sp.) bea, Troglodytes musculus, and Aratinga VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN, P. H., 1965, pp. pertinax surinama.) 259-265. (Africa, Tenotrombicula minteri Jakussk1, A. W., 1965, pp. 168-169. (Revision n. gen., n. sp., Trombiculidae, Acarina.) of family Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Wycopzinsky, P., 1961, pp. 104-109. (South Coccoidea), Termitococcus aster Silvestri Africa, North Transvaal, Thysanura in nests of Leucotermes tenuis (Hag.), Ecnomatelura coatoni with Hodotermes Paraguay, Tacuru Pucu; T. brevicornis mossambicus.) TOXICOLOGY ANonyMowus. 1962, p. 43. (U.S., what to do head back, lift jaw forward, pinch and when breathing stops; technique of close nostrils, form tight seal with lips, artificial respiration, clear throat, tilt exhale firmly into mouth, remove mouth SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 and breath in. Repeat 12 to 20 times per Hayes, W. J., Jr., 1963, pp. 1-144. (US., minute, illustrated by 2 diagrams.) clinical handbook on economic poisons. 1963e, p. 2. (U.S., deaths due to pesticides Emergency information for treating last year, all accidents in applying the poisoning. Organic phosphorus insecti- chemicals were 8g; aspirin killed 150. cide, carbamate, chlorinated hydrocar- DDT alone is credited with saving 5 bons, botanical, solvents, rodenticides, million lives and preventing 100 million fungicides, herbicides, illustrations arti- illnesses due to insect carriers.) ficial respiration.) 1964, pp. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32-34. (US., Hear, R. E., 1964, pp. 82-84. (U.S., urges interindustry safety conference seeks careful objectives and scientific investiga- proper perspective for antipesticide tion to establish the realities of hazard publicity at Univ. Oklahoma November from the use of aldrin and dieldrin as 20-22, 1963. Proper labeling, application, soil poisons in termite control before ac- use of poison control centers, counteract tion is taken to limit their applications carelessness; government officials par- further. The soil toxicants that may be ticipated.) considered as alternates for aldrin, diel- DreispacH, R. H., 1961, pp. 1-460. (US., drin, chlordane, or heptachlor are handbook of poisoning, diagnosis and markedly less efficient, protection would treatment, including bites and stings of be reduced from 10-15 years to 3-5, with Arachnids and insects, illustrated.) no reduction of toxicological hazard, but Fecuino, A., 1961, pp. 67-75. (Toxicology of would impose a great financial burden insecticides antidotes and preventatives. on the public. Termite shields, concrete A, review, 23 references, chlorinated hy- foundations or reinforced concrete caps drocarbons: DDT, methoxychlor, BHC on masonry foundations are not effective (HCH), lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, with slab-on-ground construction. The dieldrin, isodrin, toxaphene and _ chlor- use of some minimum amount of pres- dane; organo-phosphorus compounds: sure-treated lumber seems impractical TEPP, parathion, diazinon, malathion, under current recommendations. Na- etc.) tional Pest Control Association has 1000 FEcHNER, J., 1962, pp. 111-115. (Acute structural pest control firms as members, toxicity, chlorinated hydrocarbons less and 28 state or local affiliates, do 75% than that of organic phosphorous com- of the work; 84% of the members do pounds, but chronic apt to be greater. termite control work. This statement Dieldrin, aldrin and endrin stored in was presented to the U.S. Dept. of Agri- fatty tissue in relatively large amount; culture April 16, 1964, at a hearing at chlordane, heptachlor and _ toxaphene Memphis, Tenn. The U.S.D.A. is cur- have less tendency to be stored. Problem rently reexamining registration of several of residues and toxicity of pesticides pesticides including those cited above.) should be solved on an_ international Incite, L., 1965, pp. 1-88. (Chlordane, toxi- basis.) cological, and pharmacological properties, FisHBEIN, W. I., Wuite, J. V., and Isaacs, references.) Hi J, 1064, (pp. (gabe) (US. 315 Laws, E. R., 1966, pp. 8-10. (U.S., how to workers under constant, though minimal handle pesticides safely and_ principles exposure to chlordane over periods of treatment of pesticide accidents, safety ranging from 1 to 15 years showed no regulations.) evidence of injury to any of the organic Lewatien, L. L., 1962, pp. 1-29. (Glossary systems subject to study. There is little of insect toxicology, over 300 technical if any hazard from the use of chlordane terms. ) when properly employed.) McLegan, L. A., 1962, pp. 1-19. (U.S., safety Futton, R. A., Smitu, F. F., and Bussey, R. L., 1962, pp. 1-15. (U.S., chemical of pesticides, practical hazard misuse, cartridge respirators and gas masks and most important to consider poisoning their uses described for protection against in connection with children, in 1956 out certain pesticides, list of type, conditions of 152 deaths only 58 were adults. A requiring, care of.) manufacturer of a pesticide is required 1964, pp. 1-12. (U.S., list of pesticides and to spend an average of a million dollars type respirator to use, life of canister, pre- and 6 years in research and testing be- cautions, illustrations.) fore marketing is permitted.) ¥ 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 87 Manns, M., 1963, pp. 9, II, 12, 14, 63. (US., U.S. Pustic HEALTH SERvIcE, 1965, pp. 1-40. how to use insecticides and fumigants (Entire U.S., lists location, telephone safely, read label, warning placards, number, and officer to be contacted at safety equipment, safe handling, don’t poison control centers, facilities which work alone, safety kits.) provide the medical profession on a STEIN, W. J., and Hayes, W. J., 1964, pp. 24-hour daily basis information concern- 549-555. (U.S., through cooperation with ing the prevention and treatment of the National Pest Control Association a accidents involving ingestion of or con- survey of the health of pest control tact with poisonous or potentially poison- operators was conducted by question- ous substances. Treatment is available naires distributed to member firms and at most of the centers.) their employees, 12% of all companies Warn, Cy) 1962, (pp, 6, rr) 1415.0(U.S) represented by the N.P.C.A. responded, public acceptance of pesticides depends most of the personnel were white males. on safe use, Poison Control Centers at- Cases of acute poisoning, dermatitis, and tempt to reduce accidents by education, allergy were revealed in persons with death certificates not too accurate, 10% heavy direct exposure to pesticides, but due to pesticides, deaths between 1954 failed to suggest the association of pesti- and 1959—134 to 166. Fear makes cides with any other disease. chemicals respected. Residues must be Tomov, A., 1962, pp. 67-70. (Relative toxicol- guarded against. Safety record will de- ogy for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti- termine public acceptance of chemical. cides to man and warm-blooded mam- Pest control operator can’t make same mals. Acute oral toxicities indicated mistake twice in handling toxic gas. Safe dieldrin and aldrin more toxic than use of pesticides will lower insurance chlordane or DDT.) rate.) U.S. Dept. Acric., AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH West, I., and Kremnman, G., 1964, p. 21. SERVICE, 1964, pp. 1-6. (U.S., safe dis- (California Dept. Public Health statistics posal of empty pesticide containers and accidents attributed to pesticide poison- surplus pesticides. Keep pesticides in ing of structural pest control employees separate room or building. Drain any from January 1961 through September pesticide remaining into a sandy soil pit. 1963 shows 29, 2 attributable to fumiga- Dispose of large metal drums by return- tion, 16 to general pest, and 11 to termite ing to supplier or selling. Dispose on work. 14 were skin irritations, no deaths dump or incinerator after breaking or reported. ) puncturing. Select a safe private disposal Wuirtney, W. K., 1961, pp. 16-21. (Fumiga- site. Burn combustible containers. Use tion hazards, types fumigants, proper- pesticides safely; read the label.) ties, limitations of warning agents.) USES IN INDUSTRY, ARTS, AND RELIGION Das, G. M., 1957, pp. 8-9. (India, remove should be hoed and treated with sulfur termite mounds or mix with an equal to increase acidity. A green crop should amount of cattle manure plus 1 ounce be grown and plowed in before planting flowers of sulfur per mound of soil and tea.) scatter widely in tea culture. The site WOOD PRESERVATION, POISONS FOR FABRICS, FIBER BOARDS, INSULATION, ETC. ANoNnyMous, 1960a, pp. 37-38. (Australia, 1961e, p. 35. (Australia, plastics polythene timber preservation by dip diffusion for and polyvinyl chloride susceptibility to nonleaching locations, free-flowing pre- termites increases with additions of servative which can be supplied in pre- plasticizer. This can be decreased by the mixed form.) use of phosphate instead of phthalate 1961, Pp. 5-7, 10-11, 14-15, 18-19, 20-21. plasticizers, the incorporation of 5% of U.S., where to buy pressure-treated inert fillers such as hard silica, zircon wood products.) flour, or diatomaceous earth, and addi- SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 tions of small amounts of aldrin and Becker, G., 1961b, pp. 1-7. (Germany, Berlin- dieldrin during processing.) Dahlem, 25 years of wood preservation 19621, p. 14. (U.S., pressure-treat house and testing against decay, beetles, and under-structure to avoid termite dam- termites.) age.) 1962a, pp. 215-222. (General, survey on 1962s, pp. 10-23. (U.S., alphabetical list of testing in the laboratories in various AWPI member treating companies and countries durability of materials and their sales offices addresses. 1963 National eficacy of wood preservatives, 20 species Guide, where you can buy pressure pre- termites employed, 80 most important served wood products.) publications listed.) 1964c, pp. 12-23. (U.S., 1964 National 1962c, pp. 17-40. (General report given of Guide, where you can buy pressure pre- results from 1950-1961, preference given served wood products.) to work at the Bundesantalt fiir Material- 1964k, p. 3. (U.S., preferential fire insur- prufing, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, spread ance rates for FRT, fire retardant treated wood pests in Germany and the rest of wood used as building material in 49 the world, summary most important con- states, approved by all four of nation’s tributions to biology, improvements in model building codes, treated wood re- control using organic materials, water sistant to rot and termites.) soluble and oily wood preservatives, hot 1964p, pp. 1-51. (U.S., Mississippi State air and irradiation methods, bibliography Highway Dept. report on wood pre- 300 references. ) servatives in test garden, Jackson, Miss., 1962f, pp. 476-486. (Tests of wood and pp. 1-36. After the 1963 inspection only wood preservatives with Heterotermes coal tar creosote (80-20) pressure 16 indicola, effects of temperature and hu- pounds per cubic feet 100%; crewood midity on this tropical termite, test re- hot oil dip 86%; Reilly transparent sults influenced by different factors, ter- creosote pressure 79%; another lot of mite suitable for tests in nontropical same 38%; pentachlorophenol 5% pres- country of resistance of woods and wood sure 10.72 pounds per cubic feet 89%; preservatives. ) chemonite pressure 91%; all treated 1963, pp. 1-4. (Tropics, discussion most wood posts dense pine except coal tar suitable preservatives and methods, creosote. Guard rail posts on Mississippi highways, pp. 37-51. After the 1963 penetration, etc.) inspection only coal tar creosote, pressure 1965c, pp. 469-478. (Tests of synthetic 12 pounds per cubic feet, pine square contact insecticides in pine sapwood posts, 67 remaining in test since 1931, against four termite species, Aldrin, 58 showing decay and another lot 98 dieldrin and E6o5f proved the most ef- remaining, since 1938, 47 showing decay, fective after various periods; the termite and still another lot, Douglas fir 96 re- species showed differing sensitiveness. maining since 1944, none showing decay, After storage of the treated wood for some posts were removed because of Ir to 14 years, 1 to 2 kg. of the most construction causes. The other posts, effective insecticides are required per resistant or treated wood, were removed m* of wood; they are comparatively earlier because of low rating or con- permanent. This improves their value struction causes.) as protectives with a repellent effect.) Becker, G., and THEDEN, G., 1963, pp. 1-258. 1965, PP. 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22-23. (U.S., 1965 National buyers guide for (Wood protection.) pressure preserved wood, list and ad- Biew, J. O., Jr., 1962, pp. 1-9. (Compares dresses companies. ) wood preservatives used on southern 1966b, pp. 16-39. (U.S., 1966 buyers guide yellow pine tests stakes in five sites in the for pressure preserved wood products, United States and one in the Canal Zone, lumber, etc., names and addresses com- Panama. Superficial treatments do not panies.) prolong the life of the wood as long 1966h, pp. 15-17. (Idem. 1966—supple- as the pressure treatments. Details given ment.) in tables dating back to 1938.) AttrieLp, J. G., 1961, pp. 108-110, 112-113. 1963, pp. 1-9. (Continuation of reports on a ee dieldrin as a wood preserva- tests, latest December 1962. Some water- tive. borne preservatives, during the time NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 89 tested, compare favorably with standard pared with phthalate-plasticized material, preservative oils.) and increasing resistance by adding small 1964, pp. 1-9. (Continuation of reports on amounts of inert fillers such as hard tests, latest December 1963. Details given silica or zircon flour to polyvinyl chloride. in tables dating dack to 1938.) Laboratory colony groups of Nasutitermes Biew, J. O., and Kutp, J. W., 1962, pp. I-15. exitiosus exposed to untreated wood, or (U.S., Mississippi, posts installed from wood treated with low loadings of 1936 to 1941 that have had failures total- arsenic pentoxide, show that at levels ing 10% or less treated with 3% and below 0.008% the termites do not dis- 4.8% pentachlorophenol in crankcase criminate. Small-scale laboratory colonies oil; copper sulfate and sodium arsenate of Nasutitermes exitiosus with an initial applied by double diffusion; and zinc population of 49, are being used to in- meta arsenite should last 39 years or vestigate the repellent and/or toxic prop- longer on an average; treated with other erties of anthraquinones. Field studies preservatives 8-38 years.) show surface treatments 10% sodium 1963, pp. I-15. (Continuation above tests, arsenite only material giving complete with another year’s life record.) protection against Coptotermes lacteus 1964, pp. 1-15. (Continuation above tests, after 3 years. At Rollingstone, Queens- with another year’s life record.) land field tests of cables and cable 1965, pp. 1-15. (U.S., Mississippi, posts sheathings showed 98% showed evidence installed from 1936 to 1941 that have had of contact by termites the first year failures totaling 10% or less treated and more than 15% were destroyed. with 4.8% pentachlorophenol in crank- Polyethylene sheathings more resistant case oil; copper sulfate and sodium than polyvinyl chloride especially by the arsenate applied by double diffusion; addition of a Nylon coating.) and zinc meta arsenite should last 42 1962, pp. 60-62. (Laboratory studies with years or longer on an average; treated standard colonies of Nasutitermes with other preservatives 8-41 years.) exitiosus, Coptotermes lacteus and C. 1965a, pp. 1-9. (Continuation of compara- acinaciformis with insulation corkboard, tive tests of wood preservatives used on plastics, etc.; cellulose acetate butrate southern yellow pine stakes in five sites piping was attacked by Coptotermes in the United States and one in the acinaciformis 0.1% dieldrin in straw- Canal Zone, Panama, inspections were board or 0.01% to 0.05% aldrin in hard- made in December 1964. Details are board protected against termites, acetal given in tables, with a summary of results resin (polyoxymethylene) highly re- in table 45, the average life of the treated sistant to termites. Two anthraquinone wood ranged from 2.5 to 24 years, the derivatives showed comparative activity most effective having no failures after to the active principle in teak. Field 13-24 years.) studies, surface treatments with 10% CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., sodium arsenite continue to give complete 1963, pp. 280-285. (India, commercial protection against C. Jacteus after 4 sample of shell liquid of cashew nut years, failing against N. exitiosus the (Anacardium occidentale, aldrin and first year.) dieldrin tested as 1 minute dips (after 1963c, pp. 71-74. (Laboratory studies. overnight drying) in “grave-yard” plot Water-borne preservatives of the fluor- for 4 years, termites Odontotermes spp. chrome-arsenic type retain their high Preference should be given to aldrin at toxicity to termites after severe leaching. 2% concentration; cashew nut shell can be discarded as a wood preservative.) Building board formed of Pinus radiata Ernst, E., 1961. (Resistance of treated wood wool bonded with magnesium plastics.) carbonate not susceptible. Polyethylenes Gay, F. J., 1961. (Laboratory studies, pp. with a low melt flow index are more 37-38, field studies, p. 38. In Common- resistant than those with a high. Field wealth Sci. and Indus. Res. Org., Divis. studies. Surface treatments of Pinus Ent. 1960-1961 Ann. Rept.) (Australia, radiata with 10% sodium arsenite con- laboratory tests of plastics show better tinues to give complete protection for 5 termite resistance of polyvinyl chloride years against Coptotermes lacteus. At plasticized with tricresyl phosphate com- Rollingstone, Queensland tests of cables go SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 and cable sheathings against Mastotermes benzene proved most resistant in labora- darwiniensis show polythene sheathings tory. The least damage was done to superior to polyvinyl chloride and nylon samples protected by these combinations: sheathing giving satisfactory resistance.) 5% DDT plus 2% PCP in TCB (ex- Gay, F. J., and Hirst, K., 1963, pp. 1-3. tent of damage, 4% of original weight (Australia, termite-proof — plywood of sample, mortality at end of test through glue line poisons, 1%-2% 100%); 2% DDT plus 5% PCP in TCB arsenic trioxide, 1% chlordane, against (damage, 5%, mortality 100%); 5% Nasutitermes exitiosus and Coptotermes BHC plus 2% PCP in TCB (damage lacteus, no data on permanence.) 27%, mortality 97%); and 5% BHC Gay, F. J., and SHutz, W. O., 1965, pp. 6-9. plus 5% PCP in TCB (damage, 29%, (Australia, comparison water-soluble mortality 100%. Field tests corroborated wood preservative formulations CKB laboratory tests, both showed greater (chromium, copper, and boron) and resistance of samples protected by com- CFA (chromium, fluorine, and arsenic) bined agents.) against Nasutitermes exitiosus, Copto- Lunp, H. O., 1961, pp. 58-60. (U.S., termites termes acinaciformis, and C. lacteus can tube over chemically treated wood, attack on Pinus silvestris and Fagus sil- but not over surfaces of treated masonry vatica, Laboratory tests show CKB and voids.) CFA equally effective, although the for- Martinez, J. B., 1960, pp. 1-83. (Spain, im- mer did not have the high poisonous pregnated wood, pressure treated in effect of the later.) cylinders to protect against termites, Guzs, D. T., 1962, pp. 5-7. (Washington, beetle and marine borers.) D.C., wood parts of new stadium seats 1963, pp. 31-86. (Spain, biochemical labora- pressure treated with water repellent tory tests of soil poisons and wood pre- pentachlorophenol by Cellon process servatives effective against Reticulitermes protects against decay and termites, deep lucifugus and Cryptotermes brevis.) penetration. ) Mason, G. G. W., 1963, pp. 19-20. (New Goésswap, K., 1962, pp. 169-178. (Germany, Zealand, preservation house timbers.) laboratory testing of resistance of ma- Merrick, G. D., 1961, pp. 219-253. (USS., terials and preservatives to Calotermes in 1960 the volume of wood treated was flavicollis and species of Reticulitermes 216.1 million cubic feet an increase of under controlled conditions of tempera- 1.6 million cubic feet or % of 1% over ture and humidity. Former more re- 1959. The use of creosote decreased 3% sistant and aggressive, gives more severe below 1959, but the use of creosote and in test, in general can be applied to con- all solutions increased 2%. The use of ditions in situ.) pentachlorophenol decreased 7%. In Hattstep, C. T., 1965, pp. 16-17. (Hawaii, 1960 creosote or creosote solution was Douglas fir plywood pressure treated used for 70% of material treated, with Wolman salts guaranteed for 20 petroleum-pentachlorophenol for 19%, years against termites; termites and de- and creosote-pentachlorophenol solution cay cause 3 million dollars annual dam- for 4%. All other preservatives and age to wooden structures in Hawaii.) fire retardants were used for 7%.) Howick, C. D., 1965, pp. 1-3. (Australia, 1962, pp. 253-287. (U.S., in 1961 the volume preservative treatments against termites of wood treated was 215.4 million cubic and fungi for timber constructions.) feet a decrease of less than 700 thousand Hrp¥, I., 1963, pp. 75-85. (Czechoslovakia cubic feet or less than one-half of 1% and South China, laboratory and field from 1960. Use of creosote, coal tar, and tests impregnated wood-fiber plates, in petroleum decreased 2.6%, while the China against Coptotermes formosanus use of salts increased 8%. Pentachloro- and Odontotermes formosanus, O. hai- phenol increased 5%, Tanalith 5%, naensis and Macrotermes barneyi, in chromated zinc chloride 2%, Pyresote Czechoslovakia against Coptotermes; the and Protexol 4%, Minalith 11%, Boliden laboratory test lasted for 3 months, the Salts more than doubled. In 1961 creo- field 1 year. Samples provided with a sote or a creosote solution was used for coat of impregnating combination, con- 68% of material treated, petroleum- sisting of pentachlorophenol (PCP) plus pentachlorophenol for 19%, and creosote- insecticide (DDT or BHC) in trichloro- pentachlorophenol for 4%. All other L 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: sUBJECTS—SNYDER gI preservatives and fire retardants were alkathene prevented drying; plywood used for 9% of the material.) can be treated either as the finished 1963, pp. 235-269. (U.S., in 1962 the volume product, or the individual components, if of wood treated was 213.9 million cubic veneers are treated there may be difh- feet—a decrease of 1.5 million cubic feet culties in glueing, if plywood there may or less than 1% from 1961. Use of be delamination with some types of creosote, coal tar and petroleum increased adhesives. Bales of bagasse can be pro- 7 million gallons, or 4%, from 1961, tected from termites by sprinkling with while the use of solids increased 4 boric acid. Details are given of the million pounds or 17%. Pentachloro- complicated problem of treating veneer phenol increased 21%. Others showing and glue, plywood, laminated wood, increased use include Tanalith, Non- fiber boards, chip, and bamboo boards. Com, chromated zinc chloride and Results of graveyard tests of these Boliden Salts. The comparative percent- chemicals in protecting against termites age of preservatives used showed slight as well as naturally resistant woods, sal, changes from 1961.) teak, sissoo, and acacia.) 1964, pp. 201-235. (U.S., in 1963 the volume NarayANaMourtl, D., and GeorcE, J., 1961, of wood treated was 217.4 million cubic pp. 667-669. (Results of field tests for feet (with preservatives and fire re- 15 weeks and accelerated laboratory tardants), 3.5 million cubic feet or 1.6% tests for 14 days showed BHC, PCP, more than in 1962. Use of creosote, coal DDT, PCP-DDT, Xylamon, and copper tar, and petroleum increased about one- naphthenate gave effective protection to half million gallons, or less than one-half treated hardboard.) of 1%; use of solids increased about NarayANAMuRTI, D., Prasap, B. N., and 800 thousand pounds or 2.8%. Penta- GeorcE, J., 1961, pp. 375-376. (Protection chlorophenol decreased, but the use of of chipboards from fungi and termites, Tanalith, chromated zinc chloride, Cel- 5% and 2% pentachloropenol and 5% cure and Osmosalts increased. The use Xylamon gave best results, 630 days.) of fire retardants increased about 33%.) PurusHOTHAM, A., 1962, pp. 237-240. (India, 1965, pp. 267-301. (U.S., in 1964 the protection of building materials against volume of material treated was 237 termites by use of preservatives. Tests million cubic feet (with preservatives were made by placing treated specimens and fire retardants), nearly 19.7 million in termite mounds. After 19 months cubic feet or 9% more than in 1963, the material treated with copper and zinc greatest volume in any year since 1957. resinate resisted attack, Material treated Use of creosote, straight and in solutions, with creosote 100%, Solignum, Creosant, increased 9 million gallons or 7%. Use tar stil tar was normal after 27 months. of water-borne preservatives and fire Woods treated with aldrin, dieldrin, retardants increased nearly 6 million BHC, and DDT resins after 2 years were pounds or 20%. Pentachlorophenol in- in satisfactory condition. Mud mortar creased 2.7 million pounds or 17%, impregnated with ascu solution gave Tanalith increased 0.5 million pounds or protection for 6 years.) 14%. Creosote is the most widely used Sontt, V. R., 1962, pp. 203-204. (Design and preservative. Straight or with coal tar application of portable pressure/vacuum or petroleum it accounted for 65% of plants for termite-proof timber, thatch all material treated as in 1962 and 1963. and bamboo construction, India. Details Petroleum-pentachlorophenol was used given, scope of use, preservative ascu, for 21% of the total, 1% more than in cost low.) 1963. |C reosote-pentachlorophenol was TAMBLYN, N. E.. 2060; pp. 27 “et, ©s eq. used for 5% and all other preservatives (Australia, the importance of preserva- and fire retardants for 9% of the total tive treatments in hardwood utilization.) volume of all material treated. A 5-year 1962, pp. 1-4. (Preservation hardwood summary of annual consumption of pre- building timbers, tropical countries, less servatives is given.) developed areas.) Narayanamurtl, D., 1962, pp. 185-197. 1962a, pp. 79-89. (Australia, some current India, protection of composite wood trends and problems in wood preserva- products, plywood logs enclosed in tion.) g2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Tewanrt, M. C., 1961, pp. 10-13. (India, analy- years service in the field contain more sis Ascu treated timber after more than than 50% of the preservative originally 20 years service was least in chir pine injected.) and highest in fir, deeper penetration Townsenp, R. F., 1964, pp. 13-19. (A western can be obtained in chir. Three soft utility’s experience with treated wood woods chir, kail, and deodar after 23 including termite attack.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: AUSTRALIAN ANnonyMous. 1960a, pp. 37-38. (Australia, 1962c, pp. 630-651. (Australia.) Canberra.) 1963, pp. 74-76. (Australia.) 1961e, p. 35. (Australia, Canberra.) 1964, pp. 1-4. (Australia.) 1962n, p. 81. (Australia, Canberra.) 1964a, pp. 250-262. (Australia.) AttrieLp, D. J. G., 1961, pp. 108-110, 112, 1965, p. 46. (Australia.) 113. (Australia.) 1965a, pp. 175-180. (Australia.) 1962, pp. 252-253. Greaves, T., McInnes, R. S., and Dowss, BeesLey, J., 1961, pp. 3-4. (Australia.) J. E., 1965, pp. 161-174. (Australia.) Casmer, M., 1960, pp. 230-232. (Australia.) Hapuinton, P., 1965, pp. 36, 38. (New South CLeveLanD, L. R., and Grimstong, A. V., Wales.) 1964, pp. 668-685. Haverscumipt, F., 1960, pp. 53-54. (Aus- COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL tralia.) RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, DIvIsION OF Hopson, A. C., 1965, p. 594. (Australia.) Entomotocy, 1962. (Termites, pp. 13, Howick, C. D., 1965, pp. 1-3. (Australia.) 61-64.) (Australia.) Mason, G. G. W., 1963, pp. 19-20. (New 1963, (Termites, pp. 12-13, 71-76.) (Aus- Zealand.) tralia.) Minko, G., 1965, pp. 1-3. (Australia.) Cumper, R. A., and Eyres, A. C., 1961, pp. Moorr, B. P., 1962, pp. 13-15. (Australia.) 426-440. (New Zealand, North Island.) 1962a, pp. 1101-1102. (Australia.) DaCosta, E. W. B., RupMan, P., and Gay, 1963, pp. 12-13. (Australia.) F. J., 1958, pp. 291-298. (Melbourne, 1964, pp. 371-375. (Australia.) Australia.) 1965, pp. 17-18. (Australia.) 1960. (Australia.) New Souto Wates, Dept. oF AGRICULTURE, 1961, pp. 308-319. (Australia.) Entomotocy Br., 1964, pp. II2I-1122. Gas Ey. j.5 1961, -C. Si. be R. ‘QO, Divi: Eat (Australia.) 1960-1961 Ann. Rept. pp. 37-39. (Aus- Ramace, A., 1964, pp. 26-27. (Australia, tralia.) N.S.W.) 1962, pp. 60-62. (Australia.) RupMan, P., 1959, pp. 112-115. (Australia.) 1963, pp. 421-423. (Australia.) 1960, pp. 1356-1357. (Australia.) 1963a, pp. 1-4. (Australia.) 1965, pp. 52-58. (Australia.) 1963b, pp. 47-60. (Australia.) RupmMan, P., and Da Costa, E. W. B., 1959, 1963c, pp. 71-74. (Australia.) pp. 33-42. (Australia.) 1965, pp. 47-48. (Australia.) 1960. (Australia.) Gay, F. J., and Hirst, K., 1963, pp. 1-3. 1961, pp. 10-15. (Australia.) (Australia. ) Rupman, P., and Gay, F. J., 1961, pp. 50-53. Gay, F. J., and Scuutz, W. O., 1965, pp. 6-9. (Canberra.) (Australia.) 1961a, pp. 117-120. (Australia.) Gay, F. J., and Wetuerty, A. H., 1962, pp. 1963, pp. 21-25. (Australia.) 1-31. (Australia.) 1964, pp. 113-116. (Australia.) Greaves, T., 1961, in C.S.1.R.O., Div Ent. Tamsiyn, N. E., 1960, pp. 27 et seq. (Aus- 1960-1961. Ann, Rept. p. 39. (Australia.) tralia.) 1962, pp. 1-17. (Australia.) 1962a, pp. 79-89. (Australia.) 1962a, pp. 63-65. (Australia.) Zonpac, R., and Gitmour, J. W., 1963, pp. 1962b, pp. 238-240. (Australia.) 40-42. (New Zealand.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: ETHIOPIAN AnonyMous. 1960b, pp. 1-6. (Tanganyika.) BaponneL, A., 1955, Pp. 40-41, 44-45. (Africa, 1960c. (West Africa.) Dundo. 1964a, p. 58. (Uganda.) Beter, M., 1964, pp. 198-200. (Congo.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 93 Benoit, P. L. G., 1964, pp. 174-187. (Africa.) Hockine, B., 1963, pp. 280-285. (East Africa.) Bess, H. A., 1963, p. 204. (Kenya.) 1965, pp. 83-87. (East and South Africa.) Beyer, E. M., 1965, pp. 181-187. (South Hoimecren, L., 1963, pp. 1-4. (Ethiopia.) Africa.) Hurtcuins, R. E., 1966, pp. 1-324. (East Bopor, P., 1961, pp. 3053-3054. (Africa.) Africa.) 1962, pp. 789-790. (Ivory Coast.) Kocn, C. D., 1965, pp. 19, 21-22. (South 1964, pp. 283-291. (Ivory Coast.) Africa.) Bourton, A., 1958, pp. 198-209. (Katanga.) KrisHna, K., 1963, pp. 1-22. (Africa.) 1964, pp. 1-414. (Africa.) Lowe, R. G., 1961, pp. 73-78. (Nigeria.) Bouitton, A., Lexie, R., and Martnot, G., Luscuer, M., 1961, pp. 138-145. (Africa.) 1962, pp. 1-35. (Africa.) Macuapo, A. De B., 1963, pp. 1-3. Bouitton, A., and Matuort, G., 1965, pp. Mocxrorp, E. L., 1965, pp. 169-176. (South 1-115. (Africa.) Africa, Transvaal. Boyer, P., 1958, pp. 749-754. (Africa.) MugseBeck, C. F. W., 1965, pp. 187-190. Brown, K. W., 1961, pp. 1-18. (Africa, (South Africa, Pretoria.) Uganda.) Brunckx, F., 1962, pp. 20-22. (Tropical Net, J. J. C., 1964, pp. 104-110. (Africa, Africa.) Orange Free State, South Africa.) CasTeL-Branco, A. J. F., 1963, pp. 17-94. Norror, C., 1960, pp. 19-24. (South Africa.) (Africa, South Tomé.) (1960a) 1962, pp. 658-659. (Ivory Coast.) CLoupsLey-THompson, J. L., 1964, pp. I-II. 1963, pp. 630-662. (Africa.) (Africa, Sudan.) Noror, C., and Bopot, P., 1964, pp. 3357- Coaton, W. G. H., 1962, pp. 61-70. (Northern 3359. (Ivory Coast.) Rhodesia. ) Norrot, C., and Norrot-T, C., 1963, pp. 180- 1962a, pp. 159-166. (Northern Rhodesia.) 188. (Ivory Coast.) 1962b, pp. 144-156. (South Africa.) Pactt, J., 1965, pp. 59-60. (Transvaal.) 1962c, pp. 318-327. (South Africa.) PastEEts, J. M., 1965, pp. 191-205. (Africa.) 1963, pp. 38-50. (South Africa.) ReIscH, J., 1961, pp. 113-117. (East Africa, 1964, pp. 90-103. (South Africa.) Kenya.) Davtss, O., 1959, pp. 290-291. (Africa.) Rose, D. J. W., 1963. (Rhodesia.) DELACHAMBRE, J., 1965, pp. 273-283. (Ivory Sanps, W. A., 1960, pp. 251-259. (Africa.) Coast.) 1961, pp. 177-188. (West Africa.) Deticne, J., 1962, pp. 7-21. (Africa, Natal.) 1961a, pp. 277-288. (West Africa.) 1965, pp. 179-186. (Africa.) 1962, pp. 179-192. (West Africa.) DirFwentl, G. A., 1963, pp. 45-54. (Africa.) 1962a, pp. 1-14. (Nigeria.) Dixon, P. A., 1959, pp. 93-94. (Africa.) 1965, pp. 49-58. (Nigeria.) Ernst, E., 1963, pp. 276-279. (Africa.) 1965a, pp. 117-129. (Nigeria.) 1964, pp. 173-178. (Africa.) 1965b, pp. 1-172. (Ethiopian region.) 1964a, pp. 569-576. (Ivory Coast, East 1965¢, pp. 132-136. (Africa.) Congo.) 1965d, pp. 557-571. (North Nigeria.) ForsyTH, J., 1966, pp. 76-78. (Ghana.) Scum, R. S., 1960, pp. 357-368. (Africa.) Geicy, R., Hecker, H., and Keiser, F., 1964, 1964, pp. 221-225. (Africa.) pp. 280-286. (Africa.) ScHMUTTERER, H., 1961, pp. 479-489. (Sudan.) Gentry, J. W., 1965, p. 8. (Northeast Africa.) Scuwas, R., 1963, pp. 57-58. (South Africa.) Grover, P. E., Trump, E. C., and Warerince, Sweeney, R. C. H., 1961, p. 42. (South L. E. D., 1964, pp. 367-377. (Kenya.) Africa.) GoopaLt, J., 1963, pp. 304-308. (Tanganyika.) Tessier, F., 1959, pp. 91-132. (Africa, Senegal, Grass£, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1961, pp. 311- 359. (Africa.) Dakar, Neocene.) Hatt, D. W., 1956, p. 106. (East Africa.) 1959a, pp. 3320-3322. (Dakar.) Harris, W. V., 1962d, pp. 311-318. (Africa, Tuomas, E. D., 1964, pp. 56-61. (South Sudan.) Africa.) 1963a, pp. 1-43. (Africa, Congo.) U.S. Dept. Acric., PLant Pest Contror Div., 1964a, pp. 78-81. (Africa, Sudan.) Coop. Econ. Insect Rep., 1962, pp. 53, 1965a, pp. 10-18. (West Congo.) 54. (Sudan.) Harris, W. V., and Sanps, W. A., 1965, pp. 1963, pp. 79, 80. (Sudan.) 113-131. (Africa.) 1963a, p. 83. (Ethiopia.) 325-491 O - 68-7 94 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Van Ark, H., 1961, pp. 46-48. (South Africa, Wiese, I. H., 1964, pp. 823-835. (South Karoo.) Africa.) 1964, pp. 121-124. (South Africa, Karoo.) Wirkinson, W., 1962, pp. 265-286. (West VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN, P. H., 1965, pp. Africa, Nigeria.) 259-265. (A frica.) 1962a, pp. 1-8. Watson, J. P., 1962, pp. 46-51. (Southern 1963, pp. 269-275. (West Africa, Nigeria.) Rhodesia.) Wess, G. C., 1961, pp. 1-34. (Africa.) 1964, Pp. 337-339. (Kenya.) Weser, N. A., 1964, pp. 197-204. (Africa, 1965, pp. 669-670. (Africa.) Belgian Congo.) Wiis, R. M. C., 1962, pp. 127-130. (East Werner, H., 1961, pp. 15-76. (Angola.) Africa.) 1962b, pp. 86-93. (Sudan.) Wycopzinsky, P., 1961, pp. 104-109. (South 1963, pp. 409-411. (Sudan.) Africa, North Transvaal.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: INDO-MALAYAN Auman, M., 1962, pp. 67-68. (West Pakistan.) 1964, pp. 210-214. (India.) 1963, pp. 395-399. (Thailand.) 1964a, pp. 514-516. (India.) 1965, pp. 1-114. (Thailand.) Cuatterji, S., and Sarup, P., 1962, pp. 5-12. ANNANDALE, N., 1910, pp. 201-202. (India, (India.) Calcutta.) CuatTTerji, S., Sarup, P., and Cuopra, S. C., ANnonyMous., 1960, p. 109. (Malaya.) 1960, pp. 356-357. (India.) Arora, G. L., 1962, pp. 111-113. (India, Cuawara, D. R., 1965, pp. 11-12. (India.) Punjab.) CueEMa, P. S., Das, S. R., Dayar, H. M., AusaT, A., CHEEMA, P. S., Kosut, T., Pert, Kosui, T., MAHEsHAWaRI, K. L., Nicam, S. L., and Rancanatuan, S. K., 1962, S. S., and RaNGANATHAN, S. K., 1962, pp. pp. 121-125. (India.) 145-149. (India.) 1962a, pp. 199-202. (India.) CuEen, Ninc-SEN, 1959, pp. 1-17. (China.) BANERJEE, B., 1957, pp. 288-289. (India.) Cuuoranl, O. B., 1962, pp. 476-478. (India.) 1961, pp. 155-158. (India.) 1962a, pp. 73-75. (India.) 1964, p. 445. (India.) 1963, pp. 287-288. (India.) 1965, Ppp. 435-436. (India.) Cun, CuHuN-TEH, and Ma, SHIH-CHUN, Basoirn, N. A., 1963, pp. 48-49. (India, 1959, p. 240. (China.) Punjab.) CuoupuurI, J. C. B., 1961, p. 125. (India.) Becker, G., 1962d, pp. 143-165. (India.) 1963, pp. 189-192. (India.) 1962e, pp. 359-379. (India.) Das, G. M., 1957, pp. 8-9. (India.) Buatnacar, S. P., 1962, p. 223. (India, 1962, pp. 229-231. (India.) Rajasthan.) 1963, pp. 4-8. (India.) Binpra, O. S., 1961, pp. 277-282. (India, Das, N. R., CHanpora, L. P., and RaMmota, Madhya Pradesh.) B. C., 1965, pp. 6-12. (India.) Butani, D. K., 1961, pp. 767-768. (India, Das, S. R., MAHEsHwarl, K. L., NicaM, S. S., Bihar.) SHuKLA, R. K., and Tanpon, R. N., CuatterjeE, P. N., 1961, p. 1. (India.) 1962, pp. 163-165. (India.) 1963, p. 148. (India.) Davip, A. L., KatyanaramMan, V. M., and CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., NarayanaswamMy, P. S., 1964, p. 369. 1962, pp. 139-141. (India.) (India, Madras.) 1962a, pp. 822-826. (Burma.) 1963, pp. 280-285. (India.) Daya, H. M., Nicam, S. S., and Saxena, CHATTERJEE, P. N., and THaxur, M. L., 1963, M. S., 1965, p. 48-50. (India.) pp. 171-203. (Indo-Malayan Region.) Deoras, P. J., 1962, pp. 101-103. (India, 1963a, pp. 635-637. (India.) Bombay.) 1964, pp. 1-6. (Kashmir.) Desal, R. N., and Urrana, J. C., 1962, pp. 1964a, pp. 7-16. (India.) 110-114. (India.) 1964b, pp. 149-162. (India.) Dutt, N., 1962, pp. 217-218. 1964c, pp. 348-353. (North India.) FerNanpo, H. E., 1962, pp. 205-210. (Ceylon.) 1964d, pp. 219-260. (Indian region.) Fuyu, N., 1964, pp. 213-216. (Japan.) CHATTERJEE, P. N., and Tuapa, R. S., 1963, Fuju, N., Secawa, M., Ocuiat, N., and pp. 20-26. (India.) Suiizu, K., 1962, pp. 7-11. (Japan.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 95 Gentry, J. W., 1965, pp. 8-9. (Southwest Kusuwana, K. S., 1960, pp. 209-227; 229-250. Asia.) (India.) Guose, S. K., 1964, pp. 87-91. (India.) 1961, pp. 229-230. (India, Rajasthan.) Girz, R. F., 1963, p. 62. (Philippines.) 1962, pp. 55-62. (India.) GoxkHaLE, N. G., Sarma, S. N., BHatra- 1962a, pp. 71-114. (India.) eHARYYA, IN: ¢Giiieh al) eos.) ip. 220. 1963, pp. 296-310. (India.) (India.) 1964, pp. 105-107. (India.) Gupta, B. D., 1960, pp. 961-977. (India.) 1964a, pp. 107-108. (India.) Gupta, R., and Acarwat, M. K., 1963, pp. MatTHEN, K., Kurian, C., and MatHew, J., 285-287. (India.) 1964, pp. 127-136. (India.) Gupta, S. D., 1962, pp. 169-194. (India.) Matuour, R. N., 1962, pp. 137-139. 1962a. pp. 195-222. (India.) 1962a, p. 281. (India.) Hatpar, D. P., and CuHaxravarty, M. M., Matuour, R. N., CHaTTeryJEE, P. N., and 1964a, pp. 77-81. (India.) Tuapa, R. S., 1965, pp.1-23. (India, Harris, W. V., 1963, pp. 1-9. (Hong Kong.) Dehra Dun.) Hoon, R. C., 1962, pp. 141-143. (India.) Matuor, R. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1961, Hepy, I., 1961b, pp. 557-565. (China.) p. 1-4. (Burma.) 1963, pp. 75-85. (China.) 1962, pp. 1-18. (India, Dehra Dun.) Hsia, Kar-Linc, and Fan, SHu-TEH, 1965, 1962a, pp. 7-12. (India.) pp. 360-382. (China.) Matuur, R. N., and Sincu, B., 1960, pp. Hussain, A. A., 1963, pp. 345-348. (Iraq.) Ikenara, S., (1957), 1963, pp. 9-14. (Ryukyu 32, 34, 37, 41, 57, 73, QI, 110, 119, 136. (India and adjacent countries.) Islands. 1961, pp. 1-3. (Japanese Archipelago.) 1960a, Pp. 27, 30, 34, 41, 47, 70, 75, 83, 105, 111, (India, and adjacent countries.) INDIAN CoconuT JoURNAL, 1962, pp. 155-156. (South East Asia and Pacific area.) 1961, pp. 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 21, 30, 33, 47, 57; 65, 72, 83, 85. (India and adjacent INDIAN CoUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, 1957-1958, pp. 22-25. (India.) countries.) INDIAN Inst. SuGARCANE Res., 1962, p. 186. 1961a, pp. 15-16, 35, 49, 92, 97, 106. (India (India.) and adjacent countries. InpIAN Inst. SUGARCANE BREEDING, 1962a, Martuur, R. N., and Tuapa, R. S., 1961, pp. p. 190. (India.) 3-7. (South India.) Jen, Da-Fone, 1964, pp. 49-60. (China.) 1962, pp. 49-52. (India.) Josepu, K. J., 1964, pp. 54-55. (India.) 1962a, pp. 370-375. (India, Madras.) 1962b, pp. 4-8. (India.) Josepn, K. J., and Marnap, S. B., 1963, pp. 379-386. (India.) 1962c, pp. 1-122. (India.) Matsuzawa, H., 1963, pp. 99-104. (Japan, KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1962, pp. 121-137. (Java.) Shikoku Island.) 1963, pp. 30-31. (W. New Guinea.) Matsuzawa, H., and Tant, S., 1962, pp. 247- 1963a, pp. 90-99. (Indonesia and Malaya.) 248. (Japan, Shikoku.) 1963c, pp. 223-229. (Indonesia.) Menov, K, P. V., and Panparat, K. M., 1958, Kapur, A. P., 1962, pp. 105-106. (India, p. 282. (India.) Assam.) Misra, J. N., 1964, pp. 131-136. (India.) Kenjo, Y., 1963, pp. 132-134. (Japan.) Mukerji, D., and CHowpnuri, R., 1962, Ketxar, S. M., 1962, pp. 115-116. (India, pp. 77-95. (India.) Poona. Nakajima, S., SHimizu, K., and Nakajima, Kuatsa, H. G., Nicam, B. S., and Acarwat, Y., 1962, pp. 59-74. (Japan.) P. N., 1964, pp. 341-344. (India.) 1963, pp. 340-346. (Japan.) KirtHINGHE, F., 1961, pp. 8-15. (Ceylon.) 1964, pp. 222-227. (Japan.) Konpo, T., Kurotori, S., TesHima, M., and Narayanamurtl, D., 1962, pp. 185-197. Sumimoto, M., 1963, pp. 125-129. (India.) (Japan.) NarayAnamurtl, D., and Georce, J., 1961, KrisHNA, K., 1965, pp. 1-34. (Burma.) pp. 667-669. (India.) KRrisHNAMOoorRTHY, C., and RAMasussiAH, K., Narayanamurti, D., Prasap, B. N., and 1962, pp. 243-245. (India.) Grorce, J., 1961, pp. 375-376. (India.) KrisHNAMooRTHY, R. V., 1960, pp. 156-161. Newsam, A., and Rao, B. S., 1963, p. 99. (India.) Pater, R. M., 1962, pp. 219-221. (India.) ’ 96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Paut, C. F., AGARwAL, P. N., and Ausat, A., SCHEERPELTZ, O., 1963, pp. 136-140. (East 1965, pp. 114-117. (India.) India.) Pawar, J. G., and Soop, N. K., 1964, pp. SEN-SARMA, P. K., 1962, pp. 292-297. (India, 17-19. (India.) Dehra Dun.) PrasHapD, B., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1959, 1963, pp. 1-10. (India.) pp. 1-66. (Indian region.) 1963a, pp. 51-56. (India.) 1960, pp. 1-32. (India region.) Sen-Sarma, P. K., and Cnatrerjee, P. N., Prutu1, H. S., and Batra, H. N., 1960, 1965, pp. 9-11. (India.) p. 96. (North West India.) 1965a, pp. 805-813. (India.) PuRUSHOTHAM, A., 1962, pp. 237-240. (India.) SEN-SarMa, P. K., and Matuur, R. N., 1961, RaNAweEERA, J. W., 1962, pp. 88-103. p. 252. (South India.) (Ceylon.) SHarMA, R. C., 1964, pp. 28-30. (India, Rao, D. S., 1958, pp. 200-201. (India.) Rajasthan.) Rao, K. P., 1962, pp. 71-72. (India.) SHiBpAMotTo, T., 1962, pp. 2-4. (Japan.) Ratnaswamy, M. C., 1961, pp. 341-344. SHimizu, K., 1962, pp. 105-110. (Japan.) (India.) 1963, pp. 207-213. (Japan.) Reppy, D. B., 1962, pp. 225-227. (India.) Sippiqi, Z. A., Rayani, V. G., and Srncu, Roonwat, M. L., 1962b, pp. 131-150. (India.) O. P., 1959, pp. 227-232. (India, Uttar Roonwat, M. L., and Bose, G., 1961, pp. 580- Pradesh. ) 594. (India.) Snyper, T. E., and Francia, F. C., 1962, pp. 1962, pp. 151-158. (India.) 63-77. (Philippines.) 1964, pp. VI-58. (India, Rajasthan.) SonTl, V. R., 1962, pp. 203-204. Roonwat, M. L., and Cnwatterjer, P. N., Srivastava, A. S., Gupta, B. P., and 1961, pp. 67-78. (India, Dehra Dun.) Awastu!, G. P., 1962, pp. 241-242. 1962, pp. 211-212. (India.) (India.) Roonwat, M. L., CuHatteryer, P. N., and Tana, C., and Lr, S.; 1960, pp. -302-303. Tuapa, R. S., 1961, pp. 79, 116. (India.) (China.) 1962, pp. 183-184. (India.) Teorm, T. P.S., ‘(Gupra, K. M.,” Rayan 1962a, pp. 1-3. (India.) V. G., and Gancasacar, 1963, pp. 203- RoonwaL, M. L., and Cwuotant, O. B., 211. (India.) 1961, p. 89-96. (Indian region.) Trotia, T. P. S., Rayani, V. G., and Sacar, 1962, pp. 57-63. (India.) G., 1963, pp. 33-38. (India.) 1962a, pp. 308-316. (Burma, Rangoon.) Tewari, M. C., 1961, pp. 10-13. (India.) 1962b, pp. 281-406. (India, Assam region.) Tsat, Panc-Hua, and CHEN, NINc-SHENG, 1962c, p. 85. (India, Orissa.) 1963, pp. 167-198. (South China.) 1962d, pp. 1-115. (Indian region.) 1964, pp. 25-37. (China.) 1962e, pp. 159-168a. (India, Assam.) Tsa1, PANc-Hwa, CHEN, NINc-SHENG, CHEN, 1963, pp. 975-976. (India.) An-Kuo, and CHEN, Cuin-Hwet. 1965, 1963a, pp. 265-273. (India.) pp. 53-70. (China.) 1964, pp. 45-52. (India.) 1965a, pp. 128-139. (China.) 1964a, pp. 120-130. (India.) Uicuanco, L. B., 1961, pp. 215-218 (Philip- Roonwat, M. L., Cuuoranr, O. B., and pines.) Bose, G., 1962, pp. 51-54. (India.) Uruaisitp, C., 1962, pp. 417-422. (Thailand.) RoonwaL, M. L., and Guna-Roy, S., 1965, 1962a, pp. 493-502. (Thailand.) pp. 114-129. (India.) Urranat, J. C., and Desa, R. N., 1962, pp. RoonwaL, M. L., and Marti, P. K., 1965, 97-109. (India.) pp. 255-261. (India.) 1963, pp. 39-43. (India.) RoonwaL, M. L., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., Urranal, J. C., and Josepu, K. J., 1962, pp. 1960, pp. 1-420. (Indo-Malayan.) 155-161. Roonwat, M. L., and Tuaxur, M. L., 1963, VisHno1, H. S., 1962, pp. 13-30. (India.) pp. 102-117. (Andaman Islands.) 1962a, pp. 107-109. (India, Delhi.) RoorkKeEE, CENTRAL BurLpinc ResEARcH INsTI- Weipner, H., 1962, pp. 129-133. (Burma.) TUTE, 1965, pp. 686-687. (India.) Yoxoe, Y., 1964, pp. 115-120. (Japan.) Rozanov, B. G., 1963, pp. 63-67. (Burma.) Yu, C. W., and Pine, C. M., 1964, pp. 10-24. SaMsINAK, K., 1961, pp. 193-207. (China.) (China.) SANKARAN, T., 1962, pp. 233-236. (India.) 1964a, pp. 344-361. (China.) Sarup, A., 1962, pp. 213-215. (India.) Yunus, E. A., 1960, pp. 255-260. (Malaya.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 97 ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: MALAGASY Pau ian, R., 1961, pp. 138, 385. (Malagasy.) 1962, p. 275. (Tananarive.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: NEARCTIC ABUSHAMA, F. T., 1964a, pp. 145-147. 1964, pp. 12-23. (U.S.) ALLEN, T. C., EsENTHER, G. R., and LicHTEN- 1964d, pp. 23-24. (U.S.) sTEIN, E. P., 1964, pp. 26-29: (U.S, 1964, pp. 13-14, 16, 18. (U.S.) Wisconsin, Madison.) 1964f, pp. 48, 50, 54. (U.S.) ALLEN, T. C., Es—ENTHER, G. R., and SHENE- 1964g, p. 3. (U.S.) FELT, R. D., 1961, pp. 1065-1066. (U.S., 1964h, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) Wisconsin.) 19641, pp. 59-60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 75-76, ANONYMOUS., 1937, Pp. 123. 78, 80, 82. (U.S.) 1961a, pp. 46, 48. (U.S.) 1964j, p. 94. (U.S., Alabama.) 1961b, p. 20. (U.S.) 1964k, p. 3. (U.S.) 1961c, p. 40. (U.S.) 1964l, pp. 6-7. (U.S., California.) 1g61d, pp. 5-7, I0-II, 14-15, 18-19, 20-21. 1964m, pp. 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50-51, (U.S.) 54-55; 58, 60-62, 64, 66-68, 79; 72, 74; 1962, pp. 27-34. (U.S.) 76.80. (U.S.) 1962a, p. 43. (U.S. 1964n, pp. 108-109. (U.S.) 1962b, pp. 142-147. (U.S.) 19640, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California.) 1962c, pp. 68-74. (U.S.) 1964p, pp. 1-51. (U.S., Mississippi.) 1962d, p. 1. (U.S., Texas, Houston.) 1964q, p. 70. (U.S.) 1962e, p. 4. (U.S., California, El Monte.) 1964r, pp. 11, 14-15. (U.S.) 1962f, pp. 64-70. (U.S.) 19648, Pp. 52, 54, 56. (U.S.) 1962g, p. 6. (U.S., California.) 1964t, pp. 15-16. (U.S., California.) 1962h, pp. 16-17. (U.S.) 1964u, p. 11. (U.S., California.) 19621, p. 14. (U.S.) 1964V, p. 3. (U.S., Kansas.) 1962j, pp. 53-54. (U.S.) 1964w, pp. 24-25. (U.S., California.) 1962k, pp. 10, 23. (U.S., California.) 1964y, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California.) 1962l, p. 24. (U.S.) 1964Z, p. 3. (U.S., California.) 1962m, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California.) 1965, PP- 5) 7, 9, TI, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22-23. 19620, pp. 80, 82. (U.S.) CUS) 1962p, pp. 36, 38. (U.S., Wisconsin, She- 1965a, pp. 18-19, 22, 25, 50. (U.S.) boygan. 1965b, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California.) 1962q, pp. 40-42. (U.S.) 1965¢c, pp. “ 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 99-100, 1962r, pp. 42, 44. (U.S.) 102. 1962s, pp. 10-23. (U.S.) 1965d, pp. 60-62, 65, 68, 70, 72-76, 78, 80-82, 1963a, p. 50. (U.S., Florida, Hollywood.) 84, 85-87. (U.S.) 1963b, pp. 9-10, 12, 16. (U.S.) 1963¢c, pp. 72, 74, 76, 78. (U.S.) 1965¢, Pp. 32, 36, 38, 40, 42-44, 46, 48, Sic 1963d, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California.) 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 65; 66, 68, 70, 1963¢, p. 2. (U.S.) 72, (U,S.) 1963f, pp. 74-80, 80-82, 87-89. (U.S.) 1965f, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California.) 19638, Pp. 92, 94-96. (U.S.) 1965g, pp. 60A, 60B. (US.) 1963h, pp. 49-50, 52, 54, 64. (U.S.) 1965h, pp. 8-1 to 8-19. (U.S.) 19631, pp. 6-7. (U.S., California.) 1965i, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California.) 1963}, pp. 10-11. (U.S., California.) 1965}, p- 61. (U.S.) 1963k, pp. 50, 52, 54-55. (U.S.) 1966, pp. 13-15. (U.S.) 19631, pp. 22-23. (U.S., California.) 1966a, p. 46. (U.S.) 1963m, pp. 40, 42-43. (U.S.) 1966b, pp. 16-39. (U.S.) 1963n, pp. 68, 70, 72, 74. (U.S.) 1966c, pp. 53-74. (U.S.) 19630, pp. 42, 46. (U.S. 1966d, pp. 86-92. (U.S.) 1963p, pp. 18-1 9. (U.S., California.) 1966e, p. 12. (U.S., California.) 1963q, pp. 35-44k. (U.S.) 1966f, p. 65. (U.S., California.) 1964, Pp. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32-34. (U.S.) 1966g, pp. 48, 50, 52. (U.S.) 1964b, p. 3. (U.S.) 1966h, pp. 15-17. (U.S.) 98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 19661, pp. 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, CANCIENNE, E. A., 10961, po.15. (US. 40, 42, 45-46, 48, 59, 52; 54, 56, 58, 60, Louisiana.) 62,64, 66. (US) CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES MANUFACTURERS Asso- ArMep Forces Pest Controt Boarp, 1963, CIATION, 1961, pp. loose leaf to be added pp. 1-14. (U.S.) to. (U.S.) BALLANTYNE, W. J., 1964, pp. 50, 52, 54- CuHIsHOLM, R. D., Kosritsky, L., and West- (U.S., Illinois, Chicago.) LAKE, W. E., 1962, pp. 1-8. (U.S.) Banks, F. A., 1946, pp. i-iii, 1-28. (Eastern 1962a, pp. 48, 50, 52-53, 66. (U.S.) US.) Crark, B., 1963, pp. 18, 20, 22, 24. (US., Bear, R. H., and Kars, A. G., 1962, pp. 488- Ohio, Cleveland.) 489. (U.S.) Crements, W. B., 1963, pp. 54, 56. (U.S.) Beat, R. H., and Situ, V. K., 1964, p. 771. CLevELAND, L. R., 1960b. Jn Stauber 1960, (U.S., Mississippi.) pp. 5-10. (U.S.) Bett, J. L., 1965, pp. 46, 52. (U.S., Missouri.) Coteman, V. R., 1966, pp. 32, 34, 36, 38. BERNARD, C., 1962, pp. 8, 10-11. (U.S., Cali- (U.S., Southern Piedmont Region.) fornia.) Coxuins, M. S., and RicHarps, A. G., 1962, Berzal, L. J., 1964, p. 46. (U.S., Indiana.) p. 514. (U.S., eastern.) Biew, J. O., Jr., 1962, pp. 1-9. (U.S.) 1963, pp. 600-604. (U.S., eastern.) 1963, pp. 1-9. (U.S.) Connecticut UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRI- 1964, pp. 1-9. (U.S.) CULTURE EXTENSION SERV., 1964, p. I. Biew, J. O., and Kutp, J. W., 1962, pp. 1-15. (U.S., Connecticut.) (U.S., Mississippi.) Conner, F. B., 1965, pp. 28, 32, 34. (US., 1963, pp. 1-15. (U.S., Mississippi.) Washington, D.C.) 1964, pp. 1-15. (U.S., Mississippi.) Connors, J., 1963, p. 2B. (U.S., Florida, 1965, pp. 1-15. (U.S., Mississippi. ) Hialeah.) 1965p, pp. 1-9. (U.S.) Davenport, D., 1966, p. 8. (U.S., Nebraska, Borror, D. J., and DeLonc, D. M., 1964, Ashland.) pp. 56, 62, 65, 118-124. Chap. 10, Order Decker, G. C., Bruce, W. N., Biccrr, J. H., Isoptera, p. 489, 657, 665, 720-721. (U.S.) 1965, pp. 166-171. (U.S., Illinois.) Breapy, J. K., pp. 1039-1040. (U.S.) Dreispacu, R. H., 1961, pp. 1-460. (U.S.) Breapy, J. K., and FriepMan, S., 1963, pp. Ducnanois, F. R., 1961, pp. 42, 44, 46, 55. 337-347. (U.S.) (U.S., Florida.) 1963a, pp. 703-706. (U.S.) DuRant, J. A., and Fox, R. C., 1966, pp. 1963b, pp. 706-708. (U.S.) 202-207. (U.S., South Carolina.) Brock, T. S., 1965, pp. 42, 44. (U.S., Missis- Dyer, T. A., 1966, p. 61. (U.S., Florida.) sippi.) EpELinc, W., 1962, pp. 451-454. (U.S.) BrownstTEIN, P. N., 1962, pp. 9, 11, 12. (U.S.) Eseitinc, W., and Pence, R. J., 1965, pp. Bruce, E. L., Co., Inc., 1963, pp. 1-2. (U.S.) 1-16. (U.S., California.) Ca.iForNIA PCOs, 1962, pp. 3, 4, 12. (US., EseLinc, W., and Wacener, R. E., 1961, pp. California.) 1, 4. (U.S., California.) CALIFORNIA STRUCTURAL Pest Contror Boarp, 1962, pp. 16, 18, 20. (U.S., California.) 1962, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) 1963, pp. 14-17. (U.S., California.) 1962a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) 1964, pp. 20-22, 24, 26, 28, 31-32. (US., 1963, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) California.) 1963a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) Euman, N., 1963, pp. 18-19. (U.S., Cali- 1963b, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) 1964, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) fornia.) 1964a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) EsentHER, G. R., 1961, pp. 945-946. (US., 1964b, pp. 16-17. (U.S., California.) Wisconsin.) 1964c, pp. 18-19. (U.S., California.) EsenTueEr, G. R., ALLEN, T. C., Casi, J. E., 1965, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) and SHENEFELT, R. D., 1961, p. 50. (U.S.) 1965a, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) Fatts, O., 1938, p. 18. (U.S.) 1965b, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) FeperAL Housinc ADMINISTRATION, 1963, pp. 1965¢, pp. 12-13. (U.S., California.) 1-500. (U.S.) 1965d, p. 10. (U.S., California.) 1966, pp. 1-4. (U.S.) 1965e, pp. 20-21. (U.S., California.) Fisupein, W. I., Wuire, J. V., Isaacs, H. J., 1966, p. 65. (U.S., California.) 1964, pp. 726-727. (U.S.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 99 FLEMING, W. E., Parker, L. B., MaArtnes, 1965, pp. 22, 24. (U.S.) W. W., Prasxet, E. L., and McCase, Lunp, A. E., and Encetuarpt, N. T., 1962, P. J., 1962. pp. 1-44. (U.S.) pp. 131-132. (U.S.) Froyp, J., 1965, pp. 46, 49, 50. (U.S., Illinois.) Lunn, H. O., 1961, pp. 58-60. (U.S.) Frines, H., and Frinas, M., 1962, pp. 13-20. Lyon, S. Ri, 1063) spp.) AG; 448,450 (US. (US) Arizona.) Futton, R. A., Smiru, F. F., Bussey, R. L., Lyons, F. H., 1964, p. 52. (U.S.) 1962, pp. 1-15. (U.S.) MacNay, C., 1961, pp. 135-136. (Ottawa, 1964, pp. 1-12. (U.S.) Ontario, Canada. Guts, D. T., 1962, pp. 5-7. (U.S., Washing- 1963, p. 105. (Ontario, Canada.) ton, D.C.) McLzan, L. A., 1962, pp. 1-19. (U.S.) Goutpine, R. L., and Every, R. W., 1965, McManany, E. A., 1963, pp. 74-82. (U.S.) pp. 376-383. (U.S., Oregon.) 1963a, pp. 32-34, 36. (U.S.) Green, N., Beroza, M., and Hatt, S. A., Matis, A., 1964, pp. 219-324. (U.S.) 1960, pp. 129-179. (U.S.) Manns, M., 1963, pp. 9, 11, 12, 14, 63. (U.S.) Gunn, W. C., 1964, pp. 50, 52, 54, 56. (U.S., ManueL, W. W., 1964, pp. 20-22. (U.S., Cali- California. fornia.) Hatt, D. G., 1966, p. 8. (U.S., Georgia.) MarsHALt, C. W., 1966, pp. 72, 74, 76. (U.S.) HaAmirron, J. R., and Cozs, J. B., 10964. MEIKLE, R. W., and Stewart, D., 1962, pp. (U.S., Georgia.) 393-397- (U.S.) Hasster, R. K., 1961, pp. 12, 14. (U.S.) MEIKLE, R. W., Stewart, D., and Grosus, Hayss, W. J., Jr., 10963, pp. 1-144. (U.S.) O. A., 1963, pp. 226-230. (U.S., Cali- Heat, R.E., 1964, pp. 82-84. (U.S.) fornia.) Heaton, S. S., 1966, pp. 28a, 28b, 29-30. Merrick, G. D., 1961, pp. 219-253. (U.S.) (U.S., California.) 1962, pp. 253-287. (U.S.) Herer, J. R., 1963, pp. 63-80. (North 1963, pp. 235-269. (U.S.) America. 1964, pp. 201-235. (U.S.) HHeqien,, i. A 1062, pp. 270-271.. \(U.S., 1965, pp. 267-301. (U.S.) Florida.) Metcatr, R. L. (Ed.) 1965, pp. 1-6289. (U.S.) Hope, C., 1962, p. 10. (U.S., California.) MicHELBACHER, A. E., 1965, pp. 207-234. InctE, L., 1965, pp. 1-88. (U.S.) (U.S., California.) INTERNAL ReEvENUE SeRvicE, 1963. (U.S., Moore, A. D., 1964, pp. 1-3. (U.S., Maryland, Revenue Ruling 63-232, Nov. 12.) Beltsville.) IsHERWwoop, H., 1963, pp. 8-10. (U.S.) Moore, H. B., 1963, p. 103. (U.S., North 1965, pp. 78, 80. (U.S., Missouri.) Carolina.) Jacozson, M., 1965, pp. 32, 38. (U.S.) Morris, W. J., 1963, pp. 44, 46. (U.S., Ohio, James, F. R., 1962, pp. 129-133, 180. (U-S.) Kent.) Jonnston, H. R., 1963, p. 27. (U.S., Missis- Mumrorp, B. C., 1964, pp. 1-76. (U.S.) sippi, Gulfport.) 1965, pp. 1-76. (U.S.) 1965, pp. 34-37. (U.S.) 1966, pp. 1-88. (U.S.) 1965a, p. 687. (U.S., Mississippi.) Nasu, L. M., 1964, pp. 54-56. (U.S.) Katz, H., 1962, p. 60, (U.S.) Notan, T., 1962, pp. 48, 52. (U.S., Florida, 1962a, pp. 44, 46. (U.S.) Miami. 1962b, p. 44. (U.S.) Nuttine, W. L., 1965, pp. 113-125. (US., Kerr, E., 1962, pp. 8-13. (U.S.) Arizona.) Kirsy, C. S., 1965, pp. 310-314. (Canada, 1965a, pp. 5-10. (U.S., Southwest; northern Ontario.) Mexico.) Kirsy, C. S., and Harnpen, A., 1963, p. 1. O’Brtgn, R. E., Reep, J. K., and Fox, R. C., (Canada, Ontario.) 1965, Pp. 14-15, 42, 44. (U.S.) Kirsy, J. L., 1961, pp. 69-71. (U.S., New Octe, J. A., JRr., 1962, pp. 82, 84-86. (US., Jersey.) California.) Krupnick, E., 1961, pp. 42, 44. (U.S.) Orecon, State Univ., FepErAL Coop. Ext. Lance, W. D., 1962, p. 16. (U.S., Florida.) Serv., 1962, pp. 1-6. (U.S., Oregon.) Laws, E. R., 1966, pp. 8-10. (U.S.) Payne, J. A., and Crosstey, D. A., Jr., 1966, LicHTENsTEIN, E. P., Scuurz, K. R., and p. 44. (U.S., Tennessee.) Cow ey, G. T., 1963, pp. 485-489. (U.S.) Puetps, A., 1965, p. 705. (U.S.) Lunp, A. E., 1962, pp. 30-34, 36, 60-61. (U.S.) Prestace, J. J., Srirer, E. H., and STEPHENS, 1963, p. 78. (U.S.) L. B., 1963, pp. 874-878. (U.S.) 100 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Ratner, H., 1963, pp. 38, 40, 42. (US., Tietz, H. M., 1963, p. 116. (North America.) New Jersey.) Townsenp, R. F., 1964, pp. 13-19. (Western RENO, J., 1962, pp. 26, 28. (U.S.) US.) 1962a, p. 30. (U.S.) Truman, L. C., 1962, pp. 27-34. (US.) 1962b, pp. 32, 33- (U.S.) 1962a, pp. 39-46. (U.S.) 1962c, pp. 1-4. (U.S.) Turner, N., 1961, pp. 1-12. (U.S., Con- Reynotps, W. B., Jr., 1963, p. 426. (US., necticut.) Florida, Hialeah.) U.S. Dept. AcGRIcULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RE- Ricumonp, E. A., 1962, p. 77. (U.S., Missis- SEARCH SERVICE, 1964, pp. 1-6. (U.S.) sippi, Horn Island.) U.S. Dept. AcGricuLTURE, Forest SERVICE, Ritter, H., 1964, pp. 1459-1460. (U.S.) 1961, pp. 1-8. (U.S.) Ross, G. M., 1962, pp. 60, 62. (U.S., Florida, U.S. Dept. AcricutturE, Prant Pest Con- Tampa.) TROL Div., 1962a, p. 261. (U.S., Arkansas, St. Grorcr, R. A., Jonnston, H. R., and Fort Smith.) Kowat, R. J., 1963, pp. 1-30. (U.S.) 1962b, pp. 1053, 1063. (U.S., California.) Saxam, O., 1961, pp. 1-63. (U.S.) 1962c, p. 1172. (U.S., Maryland, Bethesda.) ScHERZINGER, B, C., 1962, p. 66. (U.S.) 1962d, p. 1217. (U.S., Iowa, Storm Lake.) Scuuer, S., 1964, pp. 124-126, 220, 224. 1962e, p. 1252. (U.S., Maryland, Kensing- (U.S.) ton. Scott, H. G., 1961, p. 46. (North America.) 1962f, p. 1252. (U.S., Ohio, Loudonville.) Scott, K., 1964, p. 23. (U.S., California.) 1963b, p. 119. (U.S., Texas, San Antonio.) Senske, W. M., 1966, p. 24. (U.S., Wash- 1963¢, p. 310. (U.S., California.) ington.) : 1963d, p. 533. (U.S., Nevada.) SHELL CuEMicaL Co., 1962, p. 62. (U.S.) 1963f, p. 1087. (U.S., Ohio.) 1963, pp. 1-11. (U.S.) 1963g, p. 1120. (U.S., North Dakota.) Smitu, B. L., 1965, pp. 40, 43-44. (U.S., mid- 1963h, p. 1140. (U.S., California.) west.) 19631, p. 1178. (U.S., California.) SmitH, D. N., 1964, pp. 1-11. (British 1963k, p. 1219. (U.S., Pennsylvania, Phila- Columbia. ) delphia.) Smit, H. M., 1957, p. 102. 1963], p. 1264. (U.S., Alabama.) SmitTH, R. F., 1965, pp. 235-258. 1963m, p. 1368. (U.S., Alabama.) Situ, V. K., 1961, p. 60. (U.S.) 1964b, p. 319. (USS., Illinois.) Smitn, V. K., and Jonnston, H. R., 1962, 1964¢, p. 340. (U.S., Delaware.) p. 1-7. (U.S.) 1964d, p. 360. (U.S., Florida, Maryland.) SmyTHE, R. V., Atten, T. C., and Coppet, 1964, p. 363. (U.S., Nevada.) H.'C., 1965, pp. 4205423. (U.S, Wis. 1964f, p. 953. (U.S., California.) consin. ) 1964g, p. 1131. (U.S., Florida.) SmyTuE, R. V., and Copper, H. C., 1964, pp. 133-135. (U.S., Wisconsin.) 1964h, p. 1164. (U.S., California.) 1965, pp. 423-426. (U.S., Wisconsin.) 1964i, p. 1186. (U.S., Alabama.) Snyper, T. E., 1963b, pp. 175-179. (US., 1964), p. 1190. (U.S., Alabama.) 1964k, p. 1192. (U.S., Florida.) eastern.) 1966, p. 73. (U.S.) 1964l, p. 1242. (U.S., Arizona.) 1966a, p. 231. (U.S.) 1965, p. 241. (U.S., California.) 1965a, pp. 326-327. (U.S.) Spear, P. J., 1962, pp. 1-3. (U.S.) 1965b, p. 340. (U.S., Florida.) 1966, p. 80. (U.S.) 1965¢, p. 347. (Eastern U.S.) Spencer, G. J., 1963, p. 18. (Canada.) 1965d, p. 388. (U.S.) Stein, W. J., and Hayes, W. J., 1964, pp. 1965e, p. 417. (U.S., Texas.) 549-555. (U.S.) 1965f, p. 456. (U.S.) Stewart, D., 1962, pp. 24 26,385 (U.S; ’ 1965g, p. 490. (U.S.) California.) 1965h, p. 519. (U.S.) Stewart, D., and Meike, R. W., 1964, 1965i, p. 555. (U.S.) pp. 2, 14, 15, 16. (U.S., California.) 1965), p. 586. (U.S.) Sunpin, B., 1963, pp. 12-13. (U.S., Cali- 1965k, p. 657. (U.S.) fornia. ) 1965l, p. 655. (U.S., North Carolina.) Sunp.ov, W. A., 1964, pp. 11-15, 17-18. (U.S.) 1965m, p. 732. (U.S.) Sweetman, H. L., 1965, pp. 1-371. (U-S.) 19650, p. 748. (U.S., Texas.) Tuurman, E. B., 1913, pp. 213-216. (U.S.) 1965p, p. 884. (U.S., Texas.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER IOI 1965r, pp. 907-908. (U.S., Texas.) 1966n, pp. 311, 325-326. (U.S.) 1965s, p. 944. (U.S., South Dakota.) 19660, p. 342. (U.S.) 1965t, p. 981. (U.S., California.) 1966p, p. 394. (U.S.) 1965u, p. 1002. (U.S., California.) 1966q, p. 417. (U.S., North Carolina.) 1965v, p. 1015. (U.S.) U.S. Dept. AcRIcULTURE, PLANT QUARANTINE 1965w, p. 1050. (U.S.) Div:, 1962, pp. 18,25, 32,30, 42.) (Wess) 1965x, p. 1078. (U.S., Missouri.) U.S. Pusitic HEALTH SERVICE, 1965, pp. I-40. 1965y, p. 1080. (U.S., Wisconsin.) (U.S.) 1965z, p. 1081. (U.S., Oregon.) Waener, R. E., and Esexine, W., 1964, pp. 1965a°, p. 1081. (U.S., Texas.) 24-25. (U.S., California.) 1965c’, p. 1125. (U.S., Delaware.) Wann, J) (G@ 19062; pp. Op iier2, 14-05 000.5.) 1965d’, p. 1184. (U.S., Ohio.) WaranaBE,T., and Casipa, J. E., 1963, pp. 1965e€, p. 1235. (U.S., South Carolina.) 300-307. (U.S.) 1965", p. 1248. (U.S., Oklahoma.) Wess, J., 1963, pp. 84, 86, 88. (U.S., Newark, 19658", p. 1264. (U.S., Oklahoma.) Delaware. 1965h’, p. 1265. (U.S., North Carolina.) Weesner, F. M., 1965, pp. 1-71. (U.S.) 19651, p. 1346. (U.S., California.) 1966, pp. 19-20, 53-56. (Western U.S.) 1965), p. 1346. (U.S., Oregon.) West, I., and Kiemnman, G., 1964, p. 21. 1966, p. 18. (U.S., Alabama, Maryland.) (U.S., California.) 1966a, p. 53. (U.S., Oklahoma.) Wee ter, G. C., and WHEELER, J., 1963, pp. 1966b, p. 68. (U.S., Oklahoma.) 190-193. (U.S., North Dakota.) 1966d, p. 96. (U.S., Texas.) Wuirtney, W. K., 1961, pp. 16-21. (U.S.) 1966e, p. ror. (U.S., Texas.) Wricut, N. L., 1962, pp. 48, 50, 52. (US., 1966f, p. 122. (U.S., Oklahoma.) North Carolina.) 1966g, p. 174. (U.S., Maryland.) Yenpor, “W. Gi, Uimo5ep. acer, (US, 1966h, p. 202. (U.S.) Indiana.) 1966i, p. 222. (U.S., Indiana.) Yenpot, W. G., and Pascuke, J. D., 1965, 1966}, p. 223. (U.S.) Pp. 414-422. (U.S., Indiana.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: NEOTROPICAL Amante, E., 1962, pp. 133-138. (Brazil.) Goncatves, C. R., and Sitva, A. G. A., 1962, Araujo, R. L., 1961, pp. 105-111. (Brazil.) pp. 193-208. (Brazil.) Brrse, W., 1924, p. 101. (Galapagos, Eden.) Gooptanp, R. J. A., 1965, pp. 641-650. Brew, J. O., Jr., 1962, pp. 1-9. (Canal Zone, (British Guiana.) Panama.) Guactiumi, P., 1962, pp. 405-409. (Vene- 1963, pp. 1-9. (Canal Zone, Panama.) zuela.) 1964, pp. 1-9. (Canal Zone, Panama.) Guzman, S. R., 1960, pp. 73-77. (Chile.) Biew, J. O., Jr., and Kutp, J. W., 1965a, 1961, pp. 83-96. (Chile.) pp. 1-9. (Canal Zone, Panama.) 1962, pp. 57-63. (Chile.) BorcoMEIER, T., 1959, pp. 289-308. (Costa Rica, Hourp, P. D., Jr., Smit, R. F., Duryam, Brazil. Cirerri, R., 1963, pp. 235-252. (Dominican J-.. W.,. 1962, pp) 167-018 (Mexico, Republic, West Indies.) Chiapas, Oligocene.) Jakxosr, H., and De Loyora, E., Sirva, J., Cruz, B. P. B., Ficuerrepo, M. B., ALMEIDA, E., 1962, pp. 189-195. (Brazil.) 1959, pp. 113-117. (Brazil.) Dini, W., and Cesar, H. C., 1960, pp. 403- KrisHna, K., 1962, pp. I-13. 407. (Brazil.) LANGENHEIM, J. H., and Breck, C. W., 1965, DovurojEANN1 Ricorpi, M., 1965, p. 29. pp. 52-54. (Mexico, Chiapas.) (Peru.) Linstey, E. G., and Usincer, R. L., 1966, Dresner, E., 1960, pp. 24-25. (South pp. 125-126. (Galapagos Islands.) America.) Netson, R. H., 1965, p. 770. (Brazil.) Dysas, H. S., 1961, pp. 57-62. (Bolivia.) Ortiz Crspepes, M. R., 1964, pp. 21-22. EIsENMANN, E., 1961, pp. 636-638. (Panama Ramspen, C. B., 1962, pp. 48, 50. (Mexico, Canal Zone, Barro Colorada Island.) Mexicali.) Emerson, A. E., and Banks, F. A., 1965, Reinicer, C. H., 1953, pp. 21-22. (Brazil.) pp. 1-33. (South America.) Souza Lopgs, H. De., 1941, p. 642. (Brazil.) 102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Vieco, H. A., 1962, pp. 1-64. (Colombia.) 1965a, pp. I-31. (British Honduras.) WittiaMs, R. M. C., 1965, pp. 675-676. Wo tcott, G. N., 1953, pp. 1-5. (Puerto British Honduras.) Rico.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: PALAEARCTIC AsusHAMA, F. T., 1964, pp. 148-150. Gosswatp, K., and Kiort, W., 1961, pp. 7-12. (England.) (Germany.) ANONYMOUS, 1961, pp. 1-9. (Italy.) 1963, pp. 25-42. (Germany.) 1961b, p. 20. (Europe.) Grassz, P. P., and Guaracoztov, I., 1963, Becker, G., 1961a, pp. 78-94. (Germany.) pp. 3546-3548. (France.) 1961b, pp. 1-7. (Germany.) 1964, pp. 1045-1047. (France.) 1962, p. 232. (Germany.) Grasse, P. P., and Hottanpe, A., 1963, pp. 1962b, pp. 95-109. (Germany.) 749-792. (Algeria.) 1962c, pp. 17-40. (Germany.) GrassE, P. P., and Norrort, C., 1960, pp. 109- 1962f, pp. 476-486. (Germany.) 123. (France.) 1963a, pp. 455-456. (Germany.) 1960a, pp. 323-331. (France.) 1963c, pp. 286-295. (Germany.) Harris, W. V., 1953, pp. 13-14. (St. Helena.) 1964a, pp. 168-172. (Germany.) 1962, pp. 614-617. (Europe.) Becker, G., and Burmester, A., 1962, pp. 1964, pp. 171-172. (Israel.) 416-426. (Germany.) 1964b, pp. 479-481. (Saudi Arabia.) Becker, G., and Pucnuett, D., 1961, pp. 110- Hertant-Meewis, H., and Pasteets, J. M., 116. (Germany.) 1961, pp. 3078-3080. (France.) Be1-Beinko, G. Ya., 1964, pp. 174-176. Hickin, N. E., 1961, pp. 84-86. (England.) (S.S.S.R., European.) 1961a, pp. 205-206. (England.) BERNARD, J., 1964, pp. 83-95. (Tunis.) 1963, pp. 267-284. (Europe.) BERNARDINI, P., and Parestra, A. M., 1956, Hrpy, I., 1961, pp. 41-50. (Czechoslovakia.) PP. 727-734. (Italy.) 1961a, pp. 546-556. (Czechoslovakia.) Bucuut, H., 1961, pp. 628-632. (France.) 1961c, pp. 97-107. (Europe.) Beverte, O. K., 1961, pp. 150-152. (Austria.) 1961d, pp. 133-148. (Europe.) Bonaventura, G., 1961, pp. 237-254. (Italy.) 1963, pp. 75-85. (Czechoslovakia.) 1963, pp- 9-19. (Italy.) Hrep¥, I., and Novak, V. J. A., 1960, pp. Caprat, J. DeS. M. N., 1959, pp. 28-29. 222-225. (Czechoslovakia. ) (Portugal.) Jacquiot, C., 1961, pp. 151-164. (France.) Cats-UsciaTl, J., and FrescHevitie, J. De., Jacquiot, M. C., 1965, pp. 623-625. (France.) 1963, p. 54. (France, Paris.) Koover, J., 1964, pp. 2887-2889. Conran, G., 1959, pp. 2089-2091. (Algeria.) 1964a, pp. 491-510. CouprEAu, J., Foucerousset, M., Bressy, O., Krause, E., 1962, pp. 162-163. (Germany.) and Lucas, S., 1960, pp. 40-51. (France.) Kurir, A., 1962, pp. 1-8. (Europe.) DamascukeE, K., and Becker, G., 1964, pp. 1963a, pp. IOI-107. tie 157-160. (Germany.) LancENporF, G., 1961, pp. 158-159. (Southern DavietsHina, A. G., 1963, p. 74-83. (U.S.S.R., Europe.) Golodnaya steppe.) Lesrun, D., 1961, pp. 235-242. Desportes, I., 1963, pp. 4013-4015. 1964, pp. 4152-4155. (France.) Dozinsku, V. A., 1962, pp. 84-87. (Ukraine.) Losinsky, W. A., 1958. (South Ukraine.) Drirt, J. W. P. T. Van Der., 1962, pp. 24-28. 1962, pp. 84-87. (Ukraine.) (Europe.) Luscuer, M., 1959, pp. 161-166. (Europe.) Duperron, P., Htcer, M. F., Sipar, Z., 1961a, pp. 57-67. (Europe.) Barsier, M., 1964, pp. 257-262. (France.) 1962, pp. 1-11. (Europe.) Ernst, E., 1961. (Switzerland.) 1963, pp. 244-250. (Europe.) Gatto, P., 1961, pp. 214-220. (Italy.) 1963a, pp. 1-11. (Europe.) GuHARAGOZLoU, I., 1962, pp. 2430-2432. 1964, pp. 79-90. (Europe.) (France.) Luppova, A. N., 1962, pp. 103-109. (S.S.R.) 1962a, pp. 174-176. (France.) 1963, pp. 17-27. (Transcaspia.) Guirarov, M. S., 1962a, pp. 131-135. Manter, J. F., 1960, pp. 677-686. (France.) (U.S.S.R.) Marecuek, G. I., 1963, pp. 49-73. (U.S.S.R.) GosswaLp, K., 1962, pp. 169-178. (Germany.) Martinez, J. B., 1960, pp. 1-83. (Spain.) 1962a, pp. 605-610. (Germany.) 1963, pp. 1-119. (Spain.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 103 Maruieu, H., 1962, pp. 97-103. (Europe.) 1965, pp. 127-134. (Germany. ) Menoes, M. A., 1959, pp. 136-137. (Portugal.) SEBALD, M., and Prevot, A. R., 1962, pp. 199- Mosconl, P. B., 1963, pp. 22-28. (Italy.) 214. (France.) FupALEwicz-NiEMczyk, W., 1965, pp. 24I- SEIFERT, K., 1962, pp. 161-168. (Germany.) 252. 1963, pp. 85-96. (Germany.) Norrot, C., and Notrot-TimotueEE, C., 1965, SeMepo, C. M. B., 1961, pp. IOI, 105. p. 129. (France.) (Portugal.) Osman, M. F. H., and Ktort, W., 1961, pp. SEN-SARMA, P. K., 1963b, pp. 57-65. (Europe.) 383-395. (Germany.) Snyper, T. E., 1963a, p. 13. (Britain.) Prot, R., 1962, pp. 1-35. (Sardinia.) GriorDANL-Soika, A., 1963, pp. 42-46. (Italy, Rescia, G., 1960, pp. 89-109. (Italy.) Venice.) 1960a, pp. 115-135. (Italy.) Sotiman, A. A., 1964, pp. 305-307. (Egypt.) 1960b, pp. 141-145. (Italy.) SPAETH, V. A., 1964, pp. 27-33. (Israel.) 1963, Pp. 123-133. (Italy.) SPRINGHETTI, A., 1963, pp. 391-393. (Italy.) Rescia, G., and Bonaventura, G., 1961, p. 1963a, pp. 155-159. (Italy.) 260. (Italy.) 1963b, pp. 105-122. (Italy.) Ricci, P., 1961, pp. 260-262. (Italy.) STEINBERG, D. M., 1962, pp. 11-16. (Central 1961a, pp. 262-263. (Italy.) Asia.) Rose, M., Arces, P. J. D’., and Mazzetta, O., 1962a, pp. 37-48. (Central Asia.) 1960, pp. 1-39. (Algeria.) STirN, J., 1963, pp. 239-269. (Yugoslavia.) Rupakova, A. K., 1962, pp. 88-94. (S.S.R.) THEDEN, G., and Becker, G., 1961, pp. 376- Rupnev, D. F., 1963, pp. 127-131. (Italy.) 409. (Germany.) Ru, D., 1963, pp. 146-152. (Italy, Venice.) TRUCKENBRODT, W., 1964, pp. 359-434. (Ger- Rupptt, E., and Ltscuer, M., 1964, pp. 626- many.) 632. (Europe.) TsvetKova, V. P., 1950, pp. 95-96. (U.S.S.R.) Sampaio, E. J. F., 1960, pp. 1-8. (Portugal.) 1963, pp. 28-36. (U.S.S.R., south of 1963, pp. 32-41. (Portugal.) Ukraine.) Scumiwt, H., 1961, pp. 8-11. (Germany.) U.S. Dept. AcRicuLTURE, PLANT Pest Con- 1963, pp. 20-23. (Germany.) TROL Div. Coop. Econ. Insect REp., 1962, ScHutLtzE-Dewi1z, G., 1960, pp. 64-68. (Ger- p. 47. (Afghanistan.) many.) Verron, H., 1963, pp. 167-335. (France.) 1960a, pp. 365-367, 413-415, 445-446. (Ger- Vie, J Po ao52, (pp: s27z8)) (Central many. Europe.) 1961, pp. 29-31. (Germany.) Weiser, J., and Harpy, I., 1962, pp. 94-97. 1963, pp. 24-31. (Germany.) (Europe.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: PAPUAN ANoNYMoUs., 1963, p. 50. (Hawaii, Hono- McManan, E. A., 1961, p. 2414. (Hawaii.) lulu.) 1962, pp. 145-153. (Hawaii.) 19651, p. 61. (Hawaii, Hilo.) Pemserton, C. E., 1964, pp. 689-729. Agprey J. HL. Crirrorp;'L,. T., “and Gay, (Hawaii.) F. J., 1965, pp. 680-681. (New Guinea.) 1965, pp. 39-45. (Hawaii.) Bess, H. A., 1964, 1964, p. 351. (Hawaii, SEE, L., 1962, pp. 193-194. (Papua and New Honolulu. Guinea. 1965, p. 1. (Hawaii, Honolulu.) 1963, pp. 1-19. (New Britain, New TIre- Butter, G. D., 1961, p. 381. (Laysan Island.) and.) Crace, C. F., 1965, p. 3. (Hawaii, Oahu.) 1964, p. 27. (Papua and New Guinea.) 1965a, p. 15. (Guam.) Szent-Ivany, J. J. H., 1961, pp. 127-147. Conroy, W. L., 1963, pp. 85, 86. (Lae, New (Papua and New Guinea.) Guinea.) 1963, pp. 37-43. (Papua and New Guinea.) Gay, N., 1963a, pp. 421-423. (New Guinea.) Tuomas, R. T. S., 1962, pp. 57-58. (Dutch Given, B. B., 1964, pp. 25-26. (Cook Islands, New Guinea.) Suvoroyv.) U.S. Depr. AcricuLTurE, PLant Pest Con- Hautstep, C. T., 1965, pp. 16-17. (Hawaii.) TrRoL Div. Coop. Econ. Insect ReEp., Krauss, N. L. H., 1961, p. 415. (Cook Islands, 1963¢, p. 698. (Hawaii, Maui.) Aitutaki.) 1963n, p. 1416. (Hawaii.) 1965, pp. 2-4. (Hawaii, Oahu.) 1964, p. 150. (Hawaii, Oahu.) 104 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1964a, p. 222. (Hawaii, Maui.) 1966c, p. 75. (Hawaii, Hawaii, Hilo, Oahu, 19650, p. 273. (Hawaii, Hilo.) Honolulu.) 1965q, p. got. (Hawaii, Oahu, Honolulu.) 1966m, p. 286. (Hawaii, Oahu, Honolulu.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: GENERAL ABLIN, R. J., 1964, pp. 16-17. 1965, pp. 1-46. AvaM, S. M., 1962, pp. 63-65. Ericson, R. O., 1961, pp. 1-59. (General.) 1965, PP- 441-442. | EseNTHER, G. R., and Copper, H. C., 1964, ALIBERT, J., 1964, pp. 5260-5263. pp. 34, 36, 38, 42, 44, 46. (General.) ALLEN, T. C., SMytHeE, R. V., and Coppet, Fars, P., and THe Epitors oF Lire, 1962, H. C., 1964, pp. 1009-1011. (General.) pp. 82-86. (General.) ANONYMOUS., 1964x, pp. 28, 30, 32. (World- FecuIno, A., 1961, pp. 67-75. wide.) FECHNER, J., 1962, pp. 111-115. (General.) 1966d, pp. 86-92. (General.) Fox, R. M., and Fox, J. W., 1964, pp. 5, 19, Baccettl, B., 1963, pp. 230-255. (General.) 20, 338, 350-354, 357. (General.) Baksui, B. K., 1962, pp. 117-119. Frincs, H., and Frines, M., 1964, pp. 1-211. Bano, Z., AHMED, R., and Surivastava, H. C., Gase, M., and Norrot, C., 1961, pp. 376-382. 1964, pp. 380-381. (General.) (General.) Becker, G., 1961, pp. 278-290. (General.) 1961a, pp. 411-430. (General.) 1962a, pp. 215-222. (General.) Gaciarpl, P., 1963, pp. 350-356. (General.) 1963, pp. 1-4. (General, tropics.) Guiraroy, M. S., 1961, pp. 393-397. (Tropics.) 1963b, pp. 132-145. (General.) 1962, p. 129. (General.) 1964, pp. 75-88. (General.) GésswaLp, K., 1961, pp. 146-151. (General.) 1965, pp. 151-184. (General.) Grasse, P. P., and Notrot, C., 1959, pp. 35- 1965a, pp. 95-156. (General.) 40. (Tropics.) 1965b, pp. 385-398. (General.) GriFFIN, F., 1961, pp. 1524-1526. (General.) 1965c, pp. 464-478. (General.) GrimstongE, A. V., and Crevetanp, L. R., Becker, G., and Kerner-Ganc, W., 1964, 1965, pp. 387-400. pp. 429-448. (General.) Hactey, E. A. C., 1964, pp. 905-906. Becker, G., and Seirert, K., 1962, pp. 273- Havpar, D. P., and CHakravarty, M. M., 289. (General.) 1964, Pp. 377-381. Becker, G., and THEDEN, G., 1963, pp. 1-258. Harris, W. V., 1961, pp. 1-187. (General, (General.) tropics.) Boyer, P., 1959, pp. 41-44. (Tropics.) 1961a, pp. 228-232. (General.) Brian, M. V., 1965, pp. 6, 13-15, 19, 34, 43, 1962a, pp. 1-5. (General, tropics.) 44, 47, 48, 58, 65, 70, 72, 76, 78, 83, ror, 1962b, p. 99. 105, 108-109. (General. 1962c, pp. 179-181. (Tropic, humid.) Casina, J. E., 1964, pp. 1011-1017. 1963b, pp. 192-201. (Tropics, world.) CHIAROMONTE, A., 1964, pp. 114-116. 1965, pp. 33-43. (World.) Cuoparp, L., 1961, pp. 21-31. (General.) 1966, pp. II-17. CieveLanp, L. R., 1960, pp. 110-112. (Gen- Harris, W. V., and Sanps, W. A., 1965, pp. eral.) 113-131. (World.) 1960a, pp. 149-162. Haskett, P. T., 1961, pp. 29, 59, 153. (Gen- Cotwit, D. J., 1964, pp. 393-487. eral.) CoMMONWEALTH Bur. Som SciENcE, 1960, Herrs, A., 1954, pp. 1-37. (Tropical coun- PP. 352, 3. (Tropics.) tries.) 1964, 797, PP. 1-8. 1964, pp. 92-100. (Tropical countries.) Couptn, H., 1905, pp. 8-10. Honicserc, B. M., 1963, pp. 20-63. (General.) Davies, R. G., 1962, p. 152. (General.) Howse, P. E., 1962, pp. 457-459. (General.) Detiene, J., and Pasteets, J. M., 1963, p. 694. 1963, pp. 258-267. (General.) (General.) 1963a, pp. 256-268. (General.) 1963a, pp. 462-472. 1964, pp. 90-97.,(General.) Dewioe, J., 1964, p. 12, Jn Rockstein 1964. 1964a, pp. 409-424. (General.) (General.) 1964b, pp. 284-300. (General.) Emerson, A. E., 1961, pp. 115-131. 1965, pp. 314-315. (General.) 1962, pp. 17-30. 1965a, pp. 137-146. (General.) 1962a, pp. 247-254. 1965b, pp. 335-345. (General.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 105 Hrpy, I. (Ed.), 1960, pp. 1-406. (General.) Norrot, C., and Norot-Timortuée, C., 1965, Jakussk1, A. W., 1965, pp. 1-187. pp. 265-272. (General.) JEANNEL, R. G., 1960, pp. 92, 93, 212-226, Norrot-Timotuée, C., and Noiror, C., 1965, 274. (General.) pp. 185-208. Jucct, C., 1957, pp. 109-129. (General.) PEMBERTON, C. E., 1964, p. 197. (Philippines, 1960, pp. 105-127. (General.) Queensland, Java, Formosa.) 1960a, pp. 1-24. (General.) Pickens, A. L., 1962, p. 101. 1963, pp. 73-97. (General.) PLATEAUX-QUENU, C., 1961, pp. 178-185. KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1963b, pp. 289-294. Puckett, P. P., 1965, pp. 84-85. (World.) RicHarp, G., 1963, pp. 157-174. (General.) Kewaca, E. E., 1963, pp. 67-103. (General.) Ritey, N. D., 1962, pp. 916-917. (General.) KENDEIGH, S. C., 1961, pp. 109, 164, 174-177, RonvenporF, B. B. (Ed.), 1962, p. 560. 251, 311-312, 338-339, 344, 347, 349. Roonwat, M. L., 1962, pp. 9-16. (General. 1962a, pp. 31-50. Kevan, D. K. McE., 1962, pp. 2, 10, 18, 35, 1964, pp. 69-75. (General.) 52-55, 76, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99, 100, 133, 135, Rotn, L. M., and Wittis, E. R., 1960, pp. 140, 141, 177-179, 184, 189 et seq. (Gen- 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 316, 317, 320. (Gen- eral, mostly tropics.) eral. Krors, A. B:, and Krors, E, B.,. 1950, pp- 23-30. (World.) Russo, G., 1963, pp. 210-217. (General.) KrisHna, K., 1961, pp. 303-408. (World.) 1963a, pp. 217-222. (General.) 1962a, pp. 1-25. (World.) Satir, P., and Stuart, A. M., 1965, pp. 277- 1963a, pp. 202-209. (World.) 283. 196P5p.a 39,-4 0. 1965Pap.,4 94 . KrisHNnA, K., and Emerson, A. E., 1962, SCHNEIDERMAN, H. A., and Girpert, L. I., pp. 1-65. (World.) 1964, pp. 325-333. (General.) Krutcn, J. W., 1963, pp. 22-25. (General.) SEIFERT, K., and Becker, G., 1965, pp. 105- Kurir, A., 1963, pp. 67-70. (General.) 111. (General.) LannaM, U., 1964, pp. 35, 145, 154-158. Sen-SarMa, P. K., 1964, pp. 300-314. (Gen- (General. eral.) Larsson, Sv. G., 1962, pp. 323-326. Sivestr1, F., 1959, pp. 1-784. (General.) 19p6p.5 135,-14 2. Simon, H., 1962, pp. 7-119. Lavette, A., 1960, pp. 4202-4204. (General.) SMITH, M. V., 1963, pp. 7-II. 1964, pp. 1106-1108. (General.) STH, R. F., 1965, pp. 235-258. 1964a, pp. 2211-2213. (General.) Snoperass, R. E., 1961, pp. 425-445. (Gen- LEewatten, L. L., 1962, pp. 1-209. eral.) Linpaver, M., 1965, pp. 123-186. SNYDER, DE, 1901, @p p: 1-137. (World.) Luscuer, M., 1960, pp. 579-582. (General.) 1962, pp. 48, 50. (General.) 1962a, p. 615. (General.) 1962, p. 50. (General.) 1963b, pp. 189-192. 1965, pp. 497-506. (General.) McKittrick, F. A., 1963, p. 3045. (General.) 1964, pp. 1-197. (General.) SPRINGHETTI, A., and GetmetTTI, L., 1960, 1965, pp. 18-22. (General.) pp. 377-382. (General.) Marks, E. P., and Lawson, F. A., 1962, SPRINGHETTI, A., and Oppone, P., 1962, pp. pp. 129-171. (General.) 1-9. (General.) Martynova, O. M., 1962. In Rondendorf 1963, pp. 143-152. (General.) 1962, pp. 112-113. 1963a, pp. 311-334. (General.) Mertcatr, R. L. (Ep.) 1965, pp. 1-6280. 1964, pp. 146-156. (General.) (General.) Stuart, A. M., 1963, pp. 69-84. (General.) Mitter, E. M., 1964, pp. 1-36. 1963a, pp. 85-96. (General.) Misra, J. N., 1962, p. 153. 1964, pp. 43-52. (General.) NE son, J. A., 1966, p. 50. (British Common- Supp, J., 1965, pp. 489-496. (General.) wealth. Swan, L. A., 1964, pp. 4, 97, 240. (General.) FupALewicz-NigMczyk, W., 1962, pp. 137- Tameptyn, N., 1962, pp. 1-4. (Tropics.) 155. Tuomas, A. S., 1962, pp. 103-108. (General, 1965a, pp. 309-320. (General.) tropics.) Norrot, C., (1960) 1962, pp. 583-585. (Gen- Tomov, A., 1962, pp. 67-70. (General.) eral.) Unesco, 1962, pp. 1-254. (Tropics, humid.) 106 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Urquuart, F. A., 1965, pp. 69-72. (General.) WiccLEsworTH, V. B., 1964, pp. 71, 86, 87, Verron, H., and Barsier, M., 1962, pp. 4089- 100, I17, 120, 135, 156, 239-240, 244-246, 4091. 247, 309, 310. (General.) Weipner, H., 1962a, pp. 1074-1087. (World.) Witson, E. O., 1965, pp. 1064-1071. (Gen- Weiss, H. B., and Carrutuers, R. H., 1937, eral.) pp. 1-63. (General.) Wynicer, R., 1962, p. 12, 457-463. (Warm Wetcu, H. E., 1965, pp. 275-302. (General.) climates.) Wenpt, H., 1965, pp. 185-192. (General.) ZIMSEN, E., 1964, pp. 612-613. Wueat-ey, G. A., and Harpman, J. A., 1960, Zuseri, H. A., 1962, pp. 393-395. (General.) PP- 423-427. 1963, pp. 147-208. (General.) List OF AUTHORS AND" OITLES ALBIN, R. J. Insectes Sociaux, vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1964. Immunological response between I-12, 2 figs., 1 table. Mars. Paris. protozoa (Flagella) symbiotic to a 1964. [Evolution in time of fungi mounds roach (Orthoptera) and a_ termite constructed by termites.| (In French.) (Isoptera), rabbit. Journ. Protozoology, GR. Acad: Set, Pans. vole258, Na; vol. 11 (Supp. 1, pp. 16-17). 21, pp. 5260-5263. May 25. 1965. Immunological response between ALLEN, T. C., EsenTHER, G. R., and LicHTEN- protozoa symbiotic to a roach [Crypto- STEIN, E. P! cercus punctulatus| and a termite 1954. Toxicity of dieldrin-concrete mix- [Zootermopsis nevadensis.| .Experi- tures to termites. Journ. Econ. Ent., mentia, vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 441-442. vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 26-29, 4 tables. Feb. Aug. I5. ALLEN, T. C., EsenTHER, G. R., and SHENE- ABUSHAMA, F. T. FELT, R. D. 1964. Electrophysiological investigation on 1961. Concrete-insecticide mixtures toxic the antennal olfactory receptors of the to termites. Scientific notes: Journ. moist-wood termite, Zootermopsis Econ. Ent. vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 1055- angusticollis (Emerson.) The Ento- 1056. Oct. mologist, vol. 97, No. 1214, pp. 148- Auten, T. C., SMytHE, R. V., and Coppet, 150, 3 figs. July. HG 1964a. The olfactory receptors on the 1964. Response to twenty-one termite spe- antenna of the dampwood termite Zoo- cies to aqueous extracts of wood in- termopsis angusticollis (Hagen.) Ent. vaded by the fungus Lenzites trabea. Monthly Mag., vol. too, Nos. 1202- Pers. exfr. Scientific notes: Journ. Econ. 1203, pp. 145-157, illustr. July/August. Ent., vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 1009-1011, I Auman, M. table. Dec. 1962. Termite fauna of West Pakistan. AMANTE, E. Proc. Intern. Symposium on Termites 1962. [Field experiments for Cornitermes in the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, cumulans (Kollar, 1832) termite con- Oct. 4-12, 1960. (UNESCO), Sect. 1, trol (Isoptera; Termitidae).] (In pp. 67-68. Portuguese.) Arg. Inst. Biol. [Sao 1963. On the phylogenetic position of Paulo], vol. 29, pp. 133-138. Indotermes, with description of a new ANNANDALE, N. species. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1910. Cockroaches as predatory insects. 13, vol 6, pp. 395-399, 2 figs., 2 tables. Rec. Indian Mus. 5 pts. vol. 3, pp. July. 201-202. 1965. Termites (Isoptera) of Thailand. ANONYMOUS. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 131 1937. Roaches combat termites. Soap and (art. 1), pp. 1-114, 114 figs., 49 tables. San. Chem., vol. 13, No. 6, p. 123. Dec. 16. 1960. Termite control. Planters Bull., Rub- AxAM, S. M. ber Res, Inst. Malaya, vol. 50, p. 109. 1962. Some suggestions on the morphology 1960a, 12th Ann. Rep. Commonwealth of termites. Proc, Intern. Symposium Sci. and Indus. Res. Org. Australia on Termites in the Humid Tropics, 1959-1960. Timber preservation by dip New , Delhi, Oct. 412;- ‘1060 diffusion, pp. 37-38. (UNESCO), Sec. 1, pp. 63-65. 1960b. The natural durability of local ALIBERT, J. timbers. Tanganyika Forest Dept. Util. 1963. Echanges trophallactiques chez un Div. Tech. Note 14. rev., pp. 1-6. termite supérieur. Contamination par Sept. le phosphore radio-actif de la popula- 1960c. Resistance of some West African tion d’un nid de Cubitermes fungi- timbers to subterranean termites. W. faber. Bull. Union Internat. Etude Afric. Buildg. Res. Inst. Note 1. Accra. 107 108 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1961. Commissione interministeriale per la 1962j. Obituary. Roark, Ruric C. (1887- lotta antitermitica. Elenco delle publi- 1962). Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 7, pp. cazione del “Centro di studi per lotta 53-54, I fig., photo. July. antitermitica” (1952-1960). Instituto di 1962k. Fumigation specifications. P.C.O. Patologia del Libro. Roma, pp. 1-9. News, vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 10, 23. June. 1961a. Down drilling, low pressure favored 19621. Easy termiticide soil residue test . . . for soil treating. Pest Control, vol. 29, forecast at annual tristate P.C.O, con- No. 9, pp. 46, 48. Sept. vention last month. Pest Control, vol. 1961b. Time and termites march on. Wood 30, No. 9, p. 24, photo. Sept. Preserving News, vol. 39, No. 9, p. 20. 1962m. Structural Pest. Quarterly infesta- Sept. tion report, (California) by county. 1961c. Unsuitable termite warranties ques- P.C.O. News, vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 22-23. tioned at NPCA convention. Pest Con- Sept. trol, vol. 29, No. 12, p. 40. Dec. 1962n. 14th Ann. Rep. Commonwealth Sci. 1961d. Where to buy pressure preserved and Indus. Res. Org. Australia 1961- wood products. Wood Preserving 1962. Div. of Ent. Published papers, News, vol. 39, No. 12, pp. 5-7, 10-II, p. 81. 14-15, 18-19, 20-21. Dec. 19620. Drilling through cement floor to 1961e, 13th Ann. Rep. Commonwealth treat concrete-slab construction is not Sci. and Indus. Res. Org. Australia answer. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 10, 1960-1961. Protection of plastics from pp. 80, 82, 4 figs. Oct. termites, p. 35. 1962p. Wisconsin city outlaws termites; en- 1962. VA demand for professional termite forcement proves difficult. Pest Con- inspections has TOs asking questions. trol, vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 36, 38. Nov. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 24, 1962q. Old phantom of VA _ inspections 26. Jan. still haunts NPCA termite group. Loc. 1962a. What to do when breathing stops. cit., vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 40, 42. Dec. Loc. cit., p. 43, 2 figs. Jan. 1962r. Commercial warranties goal. Loc. 1962b. In every major building area in the cit., vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 42, 44. Dec. country, termite control is fast becom- 1962s. Alphabetical list of AWPI member ing a necessity. House and Home, treating companies and their sales vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 142-147, 8 figs., offices addresses. 1963 National Guide, 16 diagrams, 1 map. Feb. Publish. by where you can buy pressure preserved Time Inc., New York. wood products. Wood Preserving 1962c. Termites “pest of the year” at News, vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 10-23. Dec. Purdue PCO conference. Pest Control, 1963. Mites enjoy termites in Hawaii. Pest vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 68-74, photos. some Control, vol. 31, No. 1. p. 50. Jan. speakers. March. 1963a. Florida city forbids termites. Loc. 1962d. Historical first fumigation great cit., vol. 31, No. 1, p. 50. Jan. success. P.C.O. News, vol. 22, No. 3, 1963b. To warrant or not to warrant. That’s p. 1, 1 fig. March. the TO’s question. Loc. city., vol. 31, 1962e. Seminar on Vikane. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 9-10, 12, 16. Feb. No. 3, p. 4. March. 1963c. Termite inspection charges, reports 1962f. Pest control equipment directory debated at Purdue P.C.O. conference. 1962—termites Pest Control, vol. 30, Loc, cit., vol, 31, Nov 3; pp '92,. 74: No. 5, pp. 64-70. May. 76, 78. March. 1962g. Structural Pest. Quarterly infestation 1963d. Second Structural Pest Quarterly report by county (California). P.C.O. infestation report by county (Cali- News, vol. 22, No. 5, p. 6. May. fornia) P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 3, 1962h. Pretreating system gives builders pp. 16-17. March. flexibility in meeting code standards. 1963e, Note, Deaths due to pesticides last Bruce Magazine, vol. 42, No. 1, pp. year. Nat. Agric. Chemicals Assocn. 16-17. Summer. News, vol. 21, No. 4, p. 2. April. 19621. Pressure-treat house understructure Wash., D.C. to avoid termite damage, expert says. 1963f. Pest control equipment directory Wood Preserving News, vol. 40, No. 6, 1963—termite control, pp. 74-80; p. 14. June. fumigation, pp. 80-82; safety pp. 87-89. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 109 Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 44-89. 1964d. The talk of the town. Termites. May. The New Yorker Jan. 18, pp. 23-24. 1963g. Retaining-wall “flower boxes” are 1964e. What the typical termite truck in- termite havens, operator’s headache. cludes (equipment inventory.) Pest Loc. cit., vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 92, 94-96, Control, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 13-14, 16, 7 figs. May. 18, 1 fig. Feb. 1963h. Faulty house drains may cause post- 1964f. Some tips for more aggressive selling treatment trouble for TOs. Loc. cit., of termite pretreat contracts. Loc. cit., vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 49-50, 52, 54, 64, 7 vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 48, 50, 54. Feb. figs. June. 19642. How effective are termite shields? 19631. 1962 Yearly Structural Pest infesta- Wood Preserving News, vol. 42, No. tion report, by county (California) 2, uae heb: P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 6-7. 1964h. Fourth Structural Pest Quarterly June. infestation report by county (Cali- 1963j. First Structural Pest Quarterly in- fornia) P.C.O, News, vol. 24, No. 2, festation report by county (California.) pp. 12-13. Feb. Loc cits) vol 23, (Na, 6;-pps 10-11. 19641. Directory of pesticides. Pest Control, June. vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 59-60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 1963k. Wood in concrete may be disguised, 70, 72, 75-76, 78. Suppliers pp. 78, 80, so be alert for construction errors. 2. Mar. Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 50, 52, 1964j. Infestation report. Loc. cit., vol. 32, 54-55. Aug. No. 3, p. 94. Mar. 19631. Second Structural Pest Quarterly in- 1964k. Preferential fire insurance rates for festation report by county (California.) FRT wood in 49 states. Wood Preserv- P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 22-23. ing News, vol. 42, No. 4, p. 3. April. Aug. 1964]. The complete text of A. B. No. 93. 1963m. Crawl spaces hold many hazards; P.C.O. News, vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 6-7. TOs should proceed with caution. Apr. Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 40, 1964m. Equipment directory pest control 42-43. Sept. 1964. Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 1963n. Ventilation and decay control a 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50-51, 54-55, natural for termitemen. Loc. cit., vol. 58, 60-62, 64, 66-68, 70, 72, 74, 76-80. 31, No. 10, pp. 68, 70, 72 and 74. Oct. May. 19630. TO shows value of special skills as 1964n. The terrible termites. The American novice defaults on termite job. Loc. Home, vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 108-109. cit., vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 42, 46. Nov. May. 1963p. Third Structural Pest Quarterly in- 19640. First Structural Pest quarterly in- festation report by county (California.) festation report by county (California) P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 18-19. P.C.O. News, vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 22-23. Nov. May. 1963q. Chemicals in subterranean termite 1964p. A report of the inspection and control. Nat. Pest Control Assoc., Eliza- service record of wood preservatives. beth, N.J. 1951, revised pp. 35-44k Mississippi State Highway Dept., Pt. 1 1963 Dec. 31. Test Garden, Pt. II Guard Rail Sec- 1964. Historic interindustry safety confer- tions, pp. 1-51. Jackson, Miss. ence seeks proper perspective for anti- 1964q. VA issues new termite inspection pesticide publicity, Pest Control, vol. requirements. Pest Control, vol. 32, 32, No. 1, pp. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32-34, No. 6, p. 70. June. photos. participants. Jan. 1964r. Survey shows termite shields are 1964a. Infestations. Loc. cit., vol. 32, No. 1, ineffective. Wood Preserving News, p. 58. Jan. From Uganda Argus, Sept. vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 11, 14-15, 6 figs. 19, 1963. June. 1964b. And now—Wood Preserving News, 1964s. How to use FHA-developed soil test vol. 42, No. I, p. 3. Jan. kit to check termiticide residues. Pest 1964c. 1964 National Guide—Where you Control, vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 52, 54, 56. can buy pressure preserved wood August. products. Loc. cit., vol, 42, No. 1, pp. 1964t. Second Structural Pest quarterly in- 12-23. Jan. festation report by county (California) 325-491 O - 68 - 8 I1O SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 P.C.O. News, vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 16-17. 1965h. Military entomology operational Aug. handbook. Army TM 5.632, Navdocks 1964u. Statistical report of complaints filed, MO-310, Air Force AFM 85-1. June. prepared by Structural Pest Control Termites, pp. 8-1 to 8-19, illustr. Board (California), loc. cit., p. 11. 19651. Second Structural Pest quarterly in- 1964v. Termites nose out “The Beatles” as festation report by county (California) the top school menace. Wood Pre- 1965. P.C.O. News, vol. 25, No. 8, pp. serving News, vol. 42, No. 9, p. 3. 18-19. August. Sept. 1965]. Infestation report. Pest Control, vol. 1964w. Yearly Structural Pest quarterly in- 33, No. 9, p. 61. September. festation report by county (California) 1966. Masking agents and perfumes. Pest 1963. P.C.O. News, vol. 24, No. 11, Control, vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 13-15, I pp. 24-25. Nov. fig. Jan. 1964x. Delegates get “big picture” of world- 1966a. Termites prefer new houses. Loc. wide wood protection at NPCA meet cit., vol. 34, No. 2, p. 46. Feb. 1966b. Buyers guide for pressure pre- Oct, 18-23. Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 12, pp. 28, 30, 32. Dec. served wood products, 1966. Wood Preserving News, vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 1964y. Third Structural Pest quarterly in- 16-39. Feb. festation report by county (California) 1966c. Pest Control’s 1966 directory pesti- 1964. P.C.O. News, vol. 24, No. 12, cides. Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 3, pp. pp. 16-17. Dec. 53-74. March. 1964z. Termite damage can be avoided. 1966d. Notes on National Academy of Sci- Loc. cit., vol. 42, No. 12, p. 3, Dec. ences Public Symposium on Scientific 1965. 1965 National buyers guide for pres- Aspects of Pest Control, Washington, sure preserved wood products. Wood D.C., Feb. 1-3. Loc. cit., vol. 34, No. 3, Preserving News, vol. 43, No. 3, pp. pp. 86-92, 2 figs. March. 5. Fy, LE, Why 2, 19 27,2223 ane 1966e. Third Structural Pest quarterly in- 1965a. What’s ahead in termite control. festation report by county (California) Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 18-19, 1965. P.C.O. News, vol. 26, No. 1, 22, 25, 50. Feb. p. 12. Jan. 1965b. Fourth Structural Pest quarterly 1966f. Fourth Structural Pest quarterly in- infestation report by county (Cali- festation report by county (California) fornia) 1964. P.C.O. News, vol. 25, 1965. Loc. cit., vol. 26, No. 2, p. 64. No. 2, pp. 18-19. Feb. Feb. 1965c. Purdue's "65 conference prepares 1966g. New standards released this month P.C.O.s to meet increasing demand for by FHA for use of termite soil poisons technical. competence. Pest Control, near independent water systems. Pest vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, Control, vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 48, 50, 52. 54, 99-100, 102, figs. speakers. Mar. April. 1965d. Directory of pesticides. Suppliers. 1966h. Supplement—1966 Buyers guide for Loc. cit. vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 60-62, 65, pressure preserved wood products. 68, 70, 72-76, 78, 80-82, 84. Suppliers, Wood Preserving News, vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 85-87. Mar. pp. 15-17. April. 1965e. Pest Control’s 1965 equipment di- 19661. Pest Control’s 1966 Equipment di- rectory, index to product listings. Loc. rectory. Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 5, cit., vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 32, 36, 38, 40, PP. 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 2, 43, 44, 46, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 42, 45-46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 62, 64, 65. Listing suppliers and ad- 64, 66. May. dresses pp. 66, 68, 70, 72. May. Araujo, R. L. 1965f. First Structural Pest quarterly in- 1961. New genus and species of Brazilian festation report by county (California) termite (Isoptera, Termitidae, Ter- 1965. P.C.O. News, vol. 25, No. 6, pp. mitinae). Rev. Bras. de Biol., vol. 21, 18-19. June. No. 1, pp. 105-111, 2 figs., 2 tables. 1965g. Approved reference procedures for June. subterranean termite control. National Arotey, J. H., Crirrorp, L. T., and Gay, F. J. Pest Control, Assoc., pp. 1-250. (Re- | 1965. Termite damage to plantation-grown vised June 1965, pp. 60A and 60B.) hoop pine in New Guinea. Proc. XII NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER III Internat. Congr. Entomology London BANERJEE, B. 1964, Sect. 10: Forest Entomology, pp. 1957. Haploid chromosome numbers in 680-681. the testis of the termite king Odonto- ARMED Forces Pest ConTrot Boarp. termes redemanni (Wasmann.) Cur. 1963. Current pest control recommenda- Sci., vol. 26, No. 9, pp. 288-289. Sept. tions. Technical information Memoran- 1961. Chromosome morphology during the dum Nr. 6, pp. 1-14. (Termites pp. spermatogenesis of Odontotermes re- 6-7.) Dec. demanni (Wasmann.) Caryologia, vol. Arora, G. L. 14, No. 1, pp. 155-158. Jan./Apr. 1962. Biological observations on some ter- 1964. Cytochemical localization of alkaline mites from Hoshiarpur, Punjab. Proc. phosphatase during the early embryo- Internat. Symposium on Termites in genesis of Odontotermes redemanni the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. (Wasmann.) Die Naturwissenschaften, 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 3, pp. vol. 51, No. 18, p. 445. III-113, pls. 21-26. 1965. Structure of the male reproductive ATTFIELD, J. G. organs of Odontotermes redemanni 1961. Dieldrin in wood preservation. Pest (Wasmann.) Cur. Sci., vol. 34, No. 14, Technology, vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 108-110, Pp. 435-436, illustr. July 20. 112-113. Feb. London. Banks, F. A. 1962, Termite control. Wood (London), 1946. Species distinction in Reticulitermes vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 252-253. June. (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae.) A disserta- tion submitted to the graduate faculty Ausat, A., CHEEMA, P. S., Kosui, T., PERTI, in candidacy for the degree of master S. L., and Rancanatuan, S. K. of science. Dept. of Zoology. Univ. of 1962. Laboratory culturing of termites. Chicago, Chicago, Ill., pp. iii, 1-28, Proc. Internat. Symposium on Ter- I map, I plate, 2 tables, 5 diagrams. mites in the Humid Tropics, New Aug. Unpublished. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO) Bano, Z., AHMED, R., and Surivastava, H. C. Sect. 3, pp. 121-125, 6 tables. 1964. Amino acids of edible mushrooms 1962a. Natural resistance of different spe- Lepiota sp. and Termitomyces sp. cies of timbers to termite attack. Loc. Indian Journ. Chem., vol. 2, No. 9, cit., Sect. 6, pp. 199-202, 2 tables. pp. 380-381. Baccett1, B. BasuHir, N. A. 1963. [Researches on ultrastructure of the 1963. Termites of the Punjab. Journ. Colo.- intestine in insects 11—The mesenteron Wyo. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 48- and the colon in the sterile caste of 49 Abstract. Dec. termites.] (In Italian.) Symposia Beat, R. oH. and Kars, A. .G: Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti 1962. Apparent infection of subterranean IV Congr. U.IE.I.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. termites by Aspergillus flavus Link. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 230-255, 4 figs., 9 pls. Journ. Insect Path., vol. 4, No. 4, pp. Dec. 14. 488-489. Dec. BADONNEL, A. Beat, R. H., and Smirn, V. K. 1955. Psocoptéres del’Angola. Diamang 1964. Progress report on granular formula- Publicac6es Culturais No. 26, pp. 11- tions of insecticides for controlling ter- 267, 625 figs. (Termitophiles, pp. 4o- mites. Journ. Econ. Entomol., vol. 41, figs. 46-53, pp. 44-45, figs. 63-69.) 57, No. 5, p. 771, Oct. Lisbon. BEcKER, G. Baxsul, B. K. 1961. [On the examination and estimation 1962. Fungi in relation to termites. Proc. of the natural resistance of wood to Internat. Symposium on Termites in termites.] (In German.) Holz als Roh- the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. und Werkstoff, vol. 19 (1961), pp. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 3, pp. 278-290, 7 figs., 9 tables. 117-119. 1961a. [Observations and experiments upon BALLANTYNE, W. J. the beginning of colony development 1964. Chicago TO finds drywood termites of Nasutitermes ephratae Holmgren. demand specialized control methods. (Isoptera)] (In German.) Zeitschr. Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 50, Angew. Ent., vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 78-94, 52, 54. April. 11 figs. Dec. nT: SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1961b. 25 Jahre Holzschutzforschung und- fields, electric fields and atmospherics. } prufung in Berlin-Dahlem. Holz- (In German.) Zeitschr. Angew. Ent. Zentralblatt, Stuttgart, No. 118, Oct. 2. vol. 54, Heft 1/2, pp. 75-88, 8 figs. PP. 1-7, 4 figs. 1964a. [Attractant effect on termites of 1962. [Observations and experiments upon some compounds formed in wood at- the beginning of colony development tacked by Basidiomycetes.] (In Ger- of Nasutitermes ephratae Holmgren.] man.) Holzforschung, vol. 18, Heft 6, (In German.) Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., pp. 168-172, 3 tables, Dec. vol. 49, No. 2, p. 232. Feb. 1965. Feuchtigkeitseinfluss auf Nahrungs- 1962a. [General remarks on_ laboratory wahl und-Verbrauch einiger Termiten- testing of the durability of materials Arten. Bull. Union Internat. Etude and of the efficacy of preservatives Insectes Sociaux, vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 151- against termites.| (In German) Ma- 184, 15 figs. June. terialpruf, vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 215-222, 1965a. Versuche uber den Einfluss von 6 figs. June 20. Braunfaulpilzen auf Wahl und Aus- 1962b. Schaden an Kunststoffen durch nutzung der MHolznahrung durch Tiere. Zeitschr. Angew. Zool., vol. 49, Termiten. Material und Organismen, Heft 1, pp. 95-109, 11 figs. Bd. 1, Heft 2, pp. 95-156, 19 figs., 1962c. Fortschritte in der Kenntnis holz- 4 tables. zerstorender Insekten und auf dem 1965b. Uber Haltung von Termiten im Gebiet des Holzschutzes gegen sie. Laboratorium. Zeitschr.. Angew. Zool., Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., vol. 50, No. 1, 52 Jahrgang, Heft 4, pp. 385-398, 7 PP. 17-40. gs. 1962d. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der geo- 1965c. [Tests on the effectiveness of syn- graphischen Verbreitung und wirt- thetic contact insecticides against four schaffichen Bedeutung von Termiten termite species.]| (In German.) Holz in Indien. Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., vol. als Roh-und Werkstoff, Bd. 23, Heft 50, Heft 2, pp. 143-165, 15 figs., 3 12, pp. 469-478, 12 tables. Dec. tables. Aug. Becker, G., and BurMestTer, A. 1962e. Beobachtungen Uber einige Ter- 1962. [Change of wood properties caused miten-arten in Indien. Loc. cit., vol. by y-radiation.] (In German.) Ma- 50, No. 4, pp. 359-379, 21 figs. Nov. terialpriifung, vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 416- 1962f. [Laboratory tests on wood and wood 426, 12 figs., 11 tables. preservatives with the South Asiatic Becker, G., and Kerner-Gane, W. termite Heterotermes indicola Was- 1964. Schadigung und Forderung von Ter- mann.] (In German) Holz als Roh-u- miten durch Schimmelpilze. Zeitschr. Werkst., vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 476-486, Angew. Ent. vol. 53, Heft 4, pp. 429- 16 figs., 2 tables. Dec. 448, 10 figs., 3 tables. April. 1963. Wood preservation in tropical coun- Becker, G., and Pucne tt, D. tries. Germany, Heft Nr. 35, reprint 1961. Grundlagenversuche fiir Labora- 4 pp., 8 figs. Oct. toriumspriifungen mit zwei Reticult- 1963a. Ruheeinstellung nach der Himmels- termes-Arten, Holzforsch. u. Holzver- richtung, eine Magnetfeldorientierung wert., Jahrg. 13, Heft. 6, pp. r1o-116, bei Termiten. Die Naturwissenschaften, 8 figs., 3 tables. Jahrg. 50, No, 12, pp. 455-456. Becker, G., and Serrert, K. 1963b. [Laboratory testing of the natural 1962. Ueber die chemische Zusammen- durability of wood species against ter- setzung des Nest-und Galeriematerials mites.] (In German.) Symposia Ge- von Termiten. Bull. Union Internat. netica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV Etude Insectes Sociaux, vol. 9, No. 3, Congr. U.I.E.1.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1961, pp. 273-289, 2 figs., 4 tables. Sept. vol. XI, pp. 132-145, 4 figs., 4 tables. Becker, G., and THEDEN, G. Dec. 14. 1963. [Annual report on wood protection 1963c. [The dependence on temperature 1956.] (In German.) Berlin, pp. 1- of the developmental processes in 258. young colonies of a Nasutitermes spe- BeEBe, W. cies.] (In German.) Loc. cit., vol. XI, 1924. Galapagos, world’s end, pp. 1-443. pp. 286-295, 3 figs. Dec. 14. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, (Ter- 1964. [Reaction of insects to magnetic mites, p. 101.) NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 113 BEESLEY, J. 1961. [Measures taken for termite control 1961. What is the termite hazard? Counc. in Austria.] (In German.) Prakt. Sci. Industr. Res. Org. Australia Forest Schadlingsbekampfer, vol. 13, No. 9, Prod. Newslett. 272, pp. 3-4, Mar. Pp. 150, 152. Sept. Be1-BrENKo, G. YA. Beyer, E. M. 1964. Order Isoptera Jn BEI-BIENKO, G. 1965. Uber neue und wenig bekannte Ya. ed. [Detector (key) of the insects termitophile Phoriden (Diptera) aus of the European part of S.S.S.R.] Pt. 1. Siidafrica. Journ. Ent. Soc. Southern Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. Zoological Inst. Africa, vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 181-187, 4 Opredeliteli po Faune S.S.S.R. No. 84, figs. Feb. 28. Pretoria. pp. 174-176, illustr. (In Russian.) Buatnaear, S. P. Beier, M. 1962. Insecticidal trials against termites in- 1964. [A new pseudoscorpion from termite festing cotton plants under unirrigated mounds.] (In German.) Rev. Zool. (barani) conditions in Rajasthan. Proc. et Bot. Africaines, vol. 60, Nos. 1/2, Internat. Symposium on Termites in pp. 198-200. Mar. 28. the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. BELL yp) eget 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 6, p. 223, 1965. Today, drywood termites are mobile. 1 table. Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 46, Binpra, O. S. 52, 1 fig. Feb. 1961. Termite damage in north western Benoit, P. L. G. Madhya Pradesh, with results of ex- 1964. [The discovery of anophthalmic periments on their chemical control. Oonopidae in African termite nests. Indian Journ. Ent., vol. 22, Pt. 4, pp. (Araneae.)] (In French). Rev. Zool. 277-282. Dec. 1960. New Delhi. Dec. Bot. Africaines, vol. 70, Nos. 1/2, pp. 1961. 174-187. Sept. 30. BiEw, J. O., Jr. BERNARD, C, 1962. Comparison of wood preservation in 1962. Termite industry is not becoming a stake tests. 1962 progress rep. Forest racket. P.C.O. News, vol. 22, No. 8, pp. Senv.,) US. Dept: ~Agric: Rep. No. 8, 10-11. Aug. 1761, pp. 1-9, 43 tables. Mar. BERNARD, J. 1963. Idem. 1963 progress rep. Loc. cit., 1964. Les termites et l’agriculture. Bul. FPL-02, pp. 1-9, 43 tables, April. Ecole Nat. Super. d’Agric. de Tunis. 1964. Idem. 1964 progress rep. Loc. cit., No. 3, pp. 83-95. FPL-02, pp. 1-9, 43 tables, April. BERNARDINI, P., and Parestra, A. M. Biew, J. O., and Kutp, J. W. 1956. [The tentorial glands in various 1962. Comparison of wood preservatives in castes and stages of Calotermes flavi- Mississippi post study. 1962 progress collis (Calotermitidae—Isoptera)] (In rep. Forest Products Lab., Forest Serv., Italian) Boll. Zool., vol. 23, No. 2, pp. U.S. Dept. Agric. Rep. No. 1757 (rev.), 727-734- pp. 1-15, 0 fig.e 2etables) Heb: Berzal, L. J. 1963. Idem. 1963 progress rep. Loc. cit., 1964. Dye in spray tank helps to trace FPL-o1, pp. 1-15, 1 fig., 4 tables. Feb. termiticide placement, penetration. 1964. Idem. 1964 progress rep. Loc. cit., Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 9, p. 46. FPL-o1, pp. 1-15, 1 fig., 4 tables. Feb. Sept. 1965. Idem. 1965 progress rep. Loc. cit., Bess, H. A. FPL-o1, pp. 1-15, 1 fig., 4 tables. Feb. 1963. Notes and_ exhibitions. Proc. 1965a. Comparison of wood preservatives in Hawaiian Entomological Soc., vol. 18, stake tests. 1965 progress rep. Forest No. 2 (1962), p. 204. July. (Termite Products Lab., Forest Serv., U.S. Dept. queens.) Agric. Res. Note FPL-02, pp. 1-9, 45 1964. Ibid. Loc. cit., vol. 18, No. 3 (1963), tables. May. p. 351. June. (Coptotermes formo- Bopor, P. sanus.) 1961. [The destruction of the termitaria 1965. Second species of subterranean ter- of Bellicositermes natalensis Hav. by mite established in Hawaii, P.C.O. an ant Dorylus (Typhlopone) denti- News, vol. 25, No. 10, Oct. Inserts: frons Wasmann.] (In French.) C. R. Hawaii Pest Control p. 1, 1 photo. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 253, No. 25, pp. BEvERLE, O. K. 3053-3054. Dec. 18. 114 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1962. [The seasonal cycle of termites in ment of the mounds of Bellicositermes the savannahs of southern Ivory Coast.] rex.] (In French.) C. R., Acad. Sci., (In French.) Loc. cit., vol. 255, No. Paris, vol. 247, pp. 749-751. 4, Pp. 789-790. July 23. 1959. [The influence of termites on the 1964. Documents sur les jeunes nids de conformation of certain soils in the Bellicositermes bellicosus. Bull. Union intertropical zone.] (In French.) Rev. Internat. Etude Insectes Sociaux, vol. Géomorphol. Dyn., vol. 10, pp. 41-44. XI, No. 3, pp. 283-291, 1 pl., 4 figs. Breapy, J. K. Sept. 1963. Physiological investigations on the BoNAVENTURA, G. eastern subterranean termite Reticuli- 1961. [The Institute of Pathology of Books termes flavipes (Kollar.) Diss. Abs. and termite control in Italy.] (In Univ. Microfilms, Inc., Ann. Arbor, Italian.) Boll. rst. Patol. Libro (Rome), Mich., vol. 23, No. 8, Zoology, pp. vol. 20, Nos. 3-4, pp. 237-254, IIlustr. 3039-3040. Feb. 1963. [Idem.] (In Italian.) Symposia Breapy, J. K., and FriepMan, S. Genetica et Biologica Italica, Atti iv 1963. Oxygen poisoning of the termite, Congr. IV U.I.E.1.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and 1961, vol. XI, pp. 9-19. Dec. 14. protection by carbon dioxide. Journ. Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M. Insect Physiol., vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 337- 1964. An introduction to the study of in- 347, 4 tables. June. sects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963a. The nutritional requirements of New York. v-819, illustr., revis. ed. termites in axenic culture. 1. Steriliza- (Termites, pp. 56, 62, 65, 118, 119- tion of eggs of Reticulitermes flavipes 123, 489, 657, 665, 720-721, figs. 10-1 to and the requirements of first instar 10-5, 13-13.) nymphs. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. BorGMEIER, T. 56, No. 5, pp. 703-706. Sept. 15. 1959. [Four new genera and several new 1963b. Idem, 2. Studies on the effectiveness species of termitophiles (Staphilinidae) of antibiotics in the sterilization of from Costa Rica and Brazil (Cole- workers of Reticulitermes flavipes. optera:Staphilinidae)] (In German). Loc. cit., pp. 706-708, 1 table. Studia Ent. (ns.), vol. 2, Nos. 1/4, Brian, M. V. pp. 289-308. Sept. 1965. Social insect populations. Academic BouItion, A. Press. London, New York, pp. 1-135. 1958. Les termites du Katanga. Les (Termites, pp. 6, 13 to 15, 19, 34, 43, Naturalistes Belges, vol. 39, No. 6, 44, 47, 48, 58, 65, 70, 72, 76, 78, 83, 101, pp. 198-209, 3 figs. 1 map, 1 table. Sept. 105, 108-109.) 1964. Ed. Etudes sur les termites africains: Broox, T. S. un colloque international Université 1965. Termiticide distribution in soil and Lovanium, Léopoldville, 11-16 Mai termite biology subjects of Miss. U. 1964 sous les auspices de |’U NESCO, research project. Pest Control, vol. 33, 8 vol. Paris: Masson et Cie, pp. 414, No. 8, pp. 42, 44. Aug. 148 figs., 81 tabs. Brown, K. W. Bourton, A., Lexie, R., and Martuort, G. 1961. An interim report on termite re- 1962. Etudes sur les termites Africains. 1. search. Uganda Forest Dept. Tech. Distribution spatiale et essai sur Note 98, pp. 1-18. Nov. l’origine et la dispersion des especes du BrownstTEIN, P. N. genre Apicotermes (Termitinae.) 1962. What required VA inspection reports Studia Universitatis = “Lovanium” must contain. Pest Control, vol. 30, Faculte des Sciences Léopoldville, 15, No. 2, pp. 9, I1I-12, photo. author. pp. 1-35, 6 figs, 1 map, 10 graphs, Feb. 7 tables. Bruce, E. L. Co., Inc. BouiLiton, A., and Martuot, G. 1963. When you remodel provide termite 1965. Quel est ce termite Africain? Zooleo, control. House Beautiful Building No. 1, Universite Leopoldville, pp. 1- Manual Fall Winter Number, vol. 46, 115, 25 pls., 2 tables. p. 192. Reprint pp. 1-2, 12 figs. E. L. Boyer, P. Bruce Terminix, Memphis, Tenn. 1958. [Effect of reworking by termites and Brunck, F. of erosion on the pedogenetic develop- 1962. Apercu sur les principales attaques NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 115 parasitaires observées dans les planta- 1965d. Informational letter. Loc. cit., vol. tions forestiéres d’Afrique tropicale. 25, No. 9, p. 10, Sept. Nogent-sur-Marne, Cent. Tech. Forest. 1965e. Governors report. Loc. cit., vol. 25, Trop. Note Tech., No. 5, pp. 1-65, No. 11, pp. 20-21. Nov. illustr. (Isoptera, pp. 20-22.) 1966. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 26, No. 2, p. 65. Bucuut, H. Dee: 1961. Les relations entre la colonie ma- Cats-UsciaTi, J., and FREscHEVILLE, J. De. ternelle et les jeunes imagos ailés de 1963. [Perennation of a colony of termites Reticulitermes lucifugus. Vie et Milieu, [Reticulitermes lucifugus| in Paris.] vol. 12, fasc. 4, pp. 628-632. 1961. Publ. (In French.) Cahiers des Nats (n.s.), Feb. 1962. vol. 19, No. 2, p. 54. Buran, D. K. CANCIENNE, E. A. 1961. Insect pests of sugarcane in Bihar- 1961. Guard your home against termite Pt. 2. Indian Sugar, vol. 10, No, 12, attack. Louisiana Univ. Agric. Ext. pp. 765-768; 779-781, illustr. (Termites, Publ. 1304, pp. 1-8, Folder. Nov. pp. 767-768.) Casipa, J. E. Butter, G. D. 1964. Esterase inhibitors as pesticides. 1961. Insects and other Arthropods from Science, vol. 146, No. 3647, pp. ror1- Laysan Island. Proc, Hawaiian Ent. 1017, 3 diagrams. Nov. 20. Soc., vol. 17, No. 3, p. 381. Aug. Casimer, M. Casral, J. DES. M. N. 1960. Tegea atropicta Stal (Hemiptera: 1959. Alguns elementos para o estudo da Reduviidae), an unusual predator. entomofauna do pinheiro bravo (Pinus Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. 85, No. 2, pinaster Sol. Ex Ait.) no concelho de pp. 230-232. Amarante, Direccao Geral dos Servicos CastTEL-Branco, A. J. E. Florestaise Aquicolas. Publicacées, vol. 1963. Entomofauna de S. Tomé (Insectos 26. Tomo 1 *11, pp. 28:20. do cacaueiro.) Portugal Junta de CauiForniA P.C.O.s Invest. do Ultramar, Estud. Ensaios e 1962. Proposed revision of rules and regula. Doc. 107, 1963, pp. 17-94, illustr. tions. P.C.O. News, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. CHATTERJEE, P. N. 3, 4, 12. Feb. Los Angeles, California. 1961. Review. Contribution to the sys- CALIFORNIA STRUCTURAL Pest ConTROL Boarp tematics of oriental termites, 407 pp., 1962. Governor’s Report. P.C.O. News, 46 figs. 65 pls. M. L. Roonwal and vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 12-13. Aug. P. K. Sen-Sarma. Ent. Monogr. No. 1, 1962a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 9, pp. Ind. Counc. Agric. Res., New Delhi 12-13. Sept. 1960. Ind. Forester, vol. 67, No. 10, 1963. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 23, No. 1, pp. Oct. reprint p. I. 12-13. Jan. 1963. Residual soil poisoning effect of a 1963a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 23, No. 5, pp. mixture of benzene hexachloride 12-13. May. (BHC) and dieldrin against subter- 1963b. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 23, No. 9, pp. ranean termites. Sci, and Cult., vol. 12-13. Sept. 29, No. 3, p. 148. 1964. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 24, No. 1, pp. CHATTERJEE, P. N., and SeN-Sarma, P. K. 12-13. Jan. 1962. Seasonal incidence of wood destroy- 1964a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 24, No. 3, pp. ing subterranean termites. Indian 12-13. Mar. Forester, vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 139-142. 1964b. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 24, No. 6, pp. Feb. 16-17. June. 1962a. Odontotermes paralatigula a new 1964c. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 24, No. 11, species of termite from Burma. pp. 18-19. Nov. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermiti- 1965. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 25, No. 1, pp. nae.) Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 12-13. Jan. vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 822-826, 3 figs., 1965a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 1 table. Dec. Pub. Mar. 25, 1963. 12-13. March. 1963. Antitermite characteristics of insecti- 1965b. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 25, No. 5, pp. cides 1- Results of field experiments 12-13. May. using commercial sample of. shell 1965c. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 25, No. 9, pp. liquid of Anacardium occidentale, 12-13. Sept. aldrin and dieldrin. Indian Forester, 116 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 vol. 89, No. 4, pp. 280-285, 3 figs., 1964a. Speculitermes chadaensis sp. n. from 2 tables. April. India (Isoptera: Termitidae: Amiter- CuHaTTERJEE, P. N., and TuHaxur, M. L. mitinae) Indian Forester, vol. 90, No. 1963. Revision of the termite genus Hypo- 8, pp. 514-516, 1 fig. Aug. termes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termiti- CuHatrerji, S., and Sarup, P. dae: Macrotermitinae) from the In- 1962. Termites as pests of cotton and their do-Malayan Region. Indian Forest control. Indian Cotton Growing Rev., Records, vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 171-203, vol: 16, .No, »1; pp. 5-12, Jan: 10 figs. CuHaTTERJI, S., Sarup, P., and Cuopra, S. C. 1963a. Biology and ecology of Oriental ter- 1960. Field trials with some modern or- mites (Isoptera); some observations on ganic insecticides against termite dam- Sarvaritermes faveolus Chatterjee and age in cotton crop. Cur. Sci., vol. 29, Thakur (Isoptera: Stylotermitidae.) No. 9, pp. 356-357. Sept. Indian Forest., vol. 89, No. 9, pp. 635- Cuawata, D. R. 637, 1 pl., 1 table. Sept. 1965. Poor crop and termites, Sukh-Lal 1964. Contributions to the knowledge of solves his problem with superphos- the systematics of the Himalayan phate and aldrin. Intensive Agric., vol. north-western termite fauna. 11. De- 2, No. 11, pp. 11-12. Jan. scription of Muicrocerotermes ram- Cueema, P. S., Das, S. R., Dayar, H. M., banenensis sp. nov. (Isoptera. Termiti- Kosut, T., MAHEsHWwaRI, K. L., Nicam, dae:Amitermitinae) from Kashmir. S. S., and Rancanatuan, S. K. (Madras) Bull. Entomol., vol. 5, pp. 1962. Temperature and humidity in the 1-6, 1 table, 2 pls. Mar. fungus garden of the mound-building 1964a. Redescription of Odontotermes termite Odontotermes obesus (Ram- gurdaspurensis Holmg. and Holmg. bur) Proc. Internat. Symposium on (Isoptera:Termitidae; | Macrotermiti- termites in the Humid Tropics, New nae.) Loc. cit., vol. 5, pp. 7-16, 3 tables, Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), I text fig., 3 pls. Mar. Sect. 4, pp. 145-149, 5 tables. 1964b. Sarvitermes faveolus gen. et sp. nov. CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES MANUFACTURERS Asso- from Kulu valley (Punjab: India), CIATION (Isoptera), with a discussion on the 1961. Compilation of economic poisons systematic position and relationship of (Pesticides) laws, pp. loose leaf to be the Family Stylotermitidae. Zool. An- added to, New York. zeiger, Leipzig (Germany), vol. 173, CHEN, NiNG-SEN Heft 2, pp. 149-162, 4 figs., 2 tables. 1959. [The present status of biological Appendix. Aug. studies and control of termites.] (In 1964c. A new species of Angulitermes from Chinese.) [Opera Entomologica Pe- North India (Isoptera: Termitidae: king, pp. 1-17.] Termitinae). Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist. CuuorTanl, O. B. Soc., vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 348-353, 3 1962. Biological observations on the termite, plates, 3 tables. Aug. Kalotermes beesoni Gardner Proc. 1st 1964d. Revision of the termite genus Micro- All-India Cong. Zool. Calcutta Pt. 2 termes Wasmann (Isoptera: Termiti- Scientific papers. No. 67, pp. 476-478, dae:Macrotermitinae) from the Indian I text fig., 1 pl. Aug. region, Indian Forest Records, n. ser., 1962a. Further observations on the biology Ent., vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 219-260, and parthenogenesis of Kalotermes 12 text figs. beesoni (Kalotermitidae.) Proc. In- CuHaTTERJEE, P. N., and Tuapa, R. S. ternat. Symposium on Termites in the 1963. A new genus Beesonitermes from Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, India (Isoptera: Termitidae: Ami- 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 2, pp. 73-75, termitinae.) Journ. Timber Dryers’ 1 table. and Preserv. Assoc, of India, vol. 9, 1963. Miscellaneous note 19. The termite No. 2, pp. 20-26, illustr. April. Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjostedt) 1964. A new species of the genus Grallato- from the interior of India. Journ. Bom- termes from India. (Isoptera: Termiti- bay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 60, No. 1, dae: Nasutitermitinae.) Indian For- pp. 287-288, 1 pl. Apr. (pub. July 13.) ester, vol. 90, No. 4, pp. 210-214, illustr. CHIAROMONTE, A. April. 1964. Per una corretta nomenclatura delle NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER | termiti. Riv. di Agric. Subtrop. e Trop. Loc. cit., vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 149-162, An. 58, No. 1-3, pp. 114-116. Jan.-Mar. illustr. Cuin, Cuun-TEH, and Ma, SHin-CHuN 1960b. Effects of insect hormones on the 1959. [A resume of studies on soil insects.] protozoa of Cryptocercus and termites. (In Chinese.) [Opera Entomologica In Stauber, L. A., ed. 1960. Host in- Peking, pp. 234-260.] fluence on parasite physiology, pp. CuisHoLm, R. D., Kosritsky, L., and WEst- 5-10. Ref. New Brunswick, N. #) LAKE, W. E. Rutgers Univ. Press. 1962. The estimation of aldrin and chlor- CLEVELAND, L. R., and Grimstone, A. V. dane residues in soils treated for ter- 1964. The fine structure of the flagellate mite control. U.S. Dept. Agric. Res. Mixotricha paradoxa and its associated Serv. ARS-33-73 pp. 1-8. June. micro-organisms. Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. 1962a. The estimation of aldrin and chlor- B, vol. 159, No. 977, pp. 668-685, dane residues in soils treated for ter- illustr. mite control. Pest Control, vol. 30, CLoupsLey-THompson, J. L. No. 8, pp. 48, 50, 52-53, 66, 1 table. 1964. Desert invertebrates of Khartoum August. Province. Sudan Notes and Recs., Cuoparp, L. vol. 45, Double No., 1964, pp. 1-11. 1961. [The secrets of architectural art of Coaton, W. G. H. the termites.]| (In French.) Nature 1962. Nesting habits and mounds of the (Paris), vol. 89, No. 3309, pp. 21-31, termites of Northern Rhodesia. African illustr. Jan. Wild Life, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 61-70, CuoupuHur!, J. C. B. 9 figs. March. 1961. New approaches to applied termito- 1962a. The origin and development of mas- logical researches in India. 7m Annual sive, vegetated termite hills in North. Number 1960. Nat. Acad. Sci., India. ern Rhodesia. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 2, Allahabad, vol. 2, p. 125. Abstr. pp. 159-166, 9 figs. June. 1963. Idem. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India 1962b. Survey of the termites of the Kruger Sect. B., vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 189-192. National Park. (Including diagnosis Cirerrl, R. of Fulleritermes gen. nov.: Nasuti- 1963. [The family Termitariaceae (Deutero- termitinae). Koedoe, No. 5, pp. 144- mycetes.)| (In Italian.) Atti rst Bot. 156, 12 figs. Univ. Lab. Crittogam Pavia, vol. 20, 1962c. Control of hodotermitid harvester No. 5, pp. 235-252, illustr. termites in the Karoo. Journ. Ent. Soc. CrAccy Cm. S. Africa, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 318-327, 1965. Damage by Coptotermes formosanus 8 figs., 2 tables. Sept. 30. Shiraki, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., 1963. Survey of the termites (Isoptera) of Notes and Exhibitions, vol. 19, No. 1, the Kalahari thornveld and shrub p. 3. June. bushveld of the R. S. A. Koedoe, No. 6, 1965a. Subterranean termite on Guam. Loc. pp. 38-50, 22 figs., 2 tables. March. eit Pers: 1964. The national survey of the Isoptera Crark, B. [South Africa] Jn: Symposium on 1963. Do-it-yourselfer’s painful discovery is entomological problems, 1961 S. Africa healed by professional termite operator. Dep. Agric. Tech. Serv., Tech. Com- Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 18, mun. 12, pp. 90-103, 1964. 20, 22, 24, 9 figs. Feb. 1964a. The national survey of the Isoptera. CLEMENTS, W. B. So. Africa Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv. 1963. NPCA Termite Committee says go Sympos. on Entom. Problems, July ahead with minimum standards. Pest 1961, Tech. Commun. No. 12, pp. Control, vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 54, 56. 90-103. Dec. CoLeMaNn, V. R. CLEVELAND, L. R. 1966. A bioassay technique to determine 1960. Photographs of living centrioles in amount of termite control insecticide resting cells of Trichonympha collaris. in soils. Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 1, Arch, f. Protistenk., vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 32, 34, 36, 38, 2 graphs, 2 tables, pp. 110-112. Aug. 31. 4 figs. Jan. 1960a. The centrioles of Trichomonas and Cotuins, M. S., and Ricuarps, A. G. their functions in cell reproduction. 1962. Caste and age differences in rate of 118 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 water loss and response to peanut oil 1960. Recherches en vue de déterminer and alumina in termites of Eastern une nouvelle méthode destinée a U.S.A. Amer. Zool., vol. 2, No. 4, p. aprécier la résistance d’un bois aux 514. Abst. only. destructions causées par les termites 1963. Studies on water relations in North (Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi). Holz- American termites. 1 Eastern species of forschung, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 40-51. the genus Reticulitermes (Isoptera, June. Rhinotermitidae. Ecology, vol. 44, No. Coupin, H. 3, pp. 600-604. Summer. 1905. Les bizarreries des races humaines. Cotwit, D. J. Paris, 279 pp., 214 figs., map world. 1964. Damage to transmission lines and (Termites, pp. 8-10, figs. 6, 7.) cables by pests. Pest Articles and News Cruz, B. P. B., Ficuemepo, M. B., and Summaries, Pans Sect. A 1964, vol. ALMEIDA, E. 10, No. 3, pp. 393-487. 1962. Principal diseases and pest of the CoMMONWEALTH Bureau Sort ScIENCE peanut in the State of Sao Paulo. 1960. Bibliography on effects of termites Bioldgico, vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 189-195, on soil (1959-1957) (supplement to 9fi gs. No. 41). [Annot. Bibliog.] 352, pp. 1-3. Cumper, R. A., and Eyres, A. C. Nov. 1961. Insects associated with the major 1964. Bibliography on termites and _ soil fodder crops in the North Island. VI. formation (1964-1933). Common- Odonata, Orthoptera, Isoptera, etc. wealth Bur. Soils [Annot. Bibliog.] New Zealand Journ. Agric. Res., vol. 4, 797; pp. 1-8. Nos. 3-4, June and August, pp. 426- COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL 440, illustr., maps. (Termites, p. 429.) RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, DIvIsION OF DaCosta, E. W. B., Rupman, P., and ENTOMOLOGY Gay iE: 1962. Annual report 1961-1962, pp. 1-67. 1958. Investigations on the durability of Canberra, A. C. T., Australia. (Ter- Tectona grandis. Empire Forest Rev., mites, pp. 13, 61-64, illustr.) vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 291-2098, illustr. 1963. Idem. 1962-1963. (Termites, pp. 12-13, 1960. Relationships of growth factors to the 71-76.) durability of teak. Asia-Pacific Forestry Connecticut UNIversiry CoLLEGE oF AcrI- Commission. Third Session of the Teak CULTURE EXTENSION SERV. Sub-Commission. Document No. FAO/ 1964. Termite or ant? The differences. TSC 60/4.11. Conn. Univ. Ext. [Bull.] 64-24, 1 p. 1961. Relationship of growth rate and re- June. lated factors to durability in Tectona Conner, F. B. grandis. Empire Forest Rev., vol. 40, 1965. Virginia TO pre-treats 9000 homes pp. 308-319. in four years without a callback. Pest DamascuHkgE, K., and Becker, G. Control, vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 28, 32, 1964. [Correlation of respiration intensity 34, illustr. Dec. of termites with changes in the impulse Connors, J. sequence frequency of atmospherics. ] 1963. Hialeah mom found infected with (In German.) Zeitschr. fiir Natforsch., termites. Believed unique medical case. vol. 19b, No. 2, pp. 157-160, 7 figs. The Miami Herald. Nov. 6, p. 2-B. Feb. Conran, G. Das, G. M. 1959. Role of termites in Quaternary soil 1957. How to utilize mound sites for grow- formations, Béni-Abbés region, Algeria. ing tea. Indian Tea Assoc. News C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 249, pp. Letter, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 8-9. Tocklai. 2089-2091. 1962. Termites in tea. Proc. Inter. Sym- Conroy, W. L. posium on Termites in the Humid 1963. Economic entomology. Timber pests. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 Papua and New Guinea Dept. Agr., (UNESCO), Sect. 6, pp. 229-231. Stock and Fish. Ann. Rept. for 1960- 1963. Some important pests of tea. Two and 1961, Nov. 1963, pp. 85, 86, termites. a Bud, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 4-8. Port Moresby. Das, N. R., CHanpora, L. P., and Ramota, CoupreEAu, J., Foucerousse, M., Bressy, O., B,C. and Lucas, S. 1965. Data on the natural durability of NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 119g timber species (installed in the test Insectes Sociaux, vol. XII, No. 3, pp. yard at New Forest, Dehra Dun) ac- 273-283, 9 figs. Sept. cording to 1964 inspection. Journ. DEticnE, J. Timber Dryers’ Preserv. Assoc. India, 1962. [Observations on the transformation vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 6-12. April. of the worker into the soldier of the Das, S. R., MaHEsHwarl, K. L., Nica, S. S., termite of Natal Bellicositermes natal- SHUKLA, R. K., and Tanpon, R. N. ensis (Haviland.)] (In French.) Bull. 1962. Microorganisms from the fungus Union Internatl. Etude Insectes garden of the termite Odontotermes Sociaux, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 7-21, 11 figs., obesus (Rambur.) Proc. Internat. Sym- 1 table. Mar. posium on Termites in the Humid 1965. Morphologie et fonctionnement des Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960. mandibules chez les soldats des ter- (UNESCO), Sect. 5, pp. 163-165. mites. Biologia Gabonica, vol. 1, fasc. 2, Davenport, D. pp. 179-186, 2 figs. 1966. Futile termite tubing? Pest Control, De.icneE, J., and Pasteets, J. M. vol. 34, No. 4, p. 8, 1 fig. April. 1963. [Endocrine phenomena in the kidneys Davin, A. L., KatyanaramMan, V. M., and of Microcerotermes sp. (Isoptera, NARAYANASWAMY, P. S. Termitidae.)] (In French.) Gen. 1964. Distribution, status and_ seasonal Comp. Endocrinol., vol. 3, No. 6, p. 694. Variations in populations in population Abstr. Dec. density of the pests of sugarcane in 1963a. [Termites 1.] (In French.) Natur. Madras state. Indian Journ. Sugarcane Belg., vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 462-472, 7 Res, and Development, vol. 8, pt. 4, figs. Nov. pp. 367-377. July-Sept. Deoras, P. J. Davies, O. 1962. Some observations on the termites 1959. Termites and soil stratification in of Bombay Proc. Intern. Symposium equatorial Africa. Antiquity, vol. 33, on Termites in the Humid Tropics, pp. 290-201. New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 Davies, R. G. (UNESCO) Sect: 3, (pp. mor-103,, 1 1962. Review. Termites; their recognition fig., 4 tables. and control. W. V. Harris 1961, Long- Desa1, R. N., and Uttanal, J. C. mans, London, pp. 1-187, illustr. Sci- 1962. On a new gregarine, Sphaerocystis ence Progress p. 152. Jan. termitis n. sp. from the Indian termite, DavietsHina, A. G. Capritermes incola }W asm. Journ. 1963. [Results of experiments in control of Animal Morphol. and physiol., vol. 9, Anacanthotermes turkestanicus in the No. 2, pp. 110-114, illustr. Dec. Golodnaya_ steppe.] (In Russian.) DesporteEs, I. Akad, Nauk. Turkmensk. SSR: Ash- 1963. [Development cycle of a new Gre- khabad, 74-83. 1962; Referat. Zhur., garina parasite of termites: Diplocystis Biol., 1963, No. 8E 227. zootermopsidis sp. n. (Eugregarina, Dayat, H. M., Nicam, S. S., and Saxena, Diplocystidae).] (In French.) C. R. M. S. Acad. Sci., vol. 257 (No. 25, pp. 4013- 1965. Role of Termitomyces species in the 4015. Dec. 16). termitarium of Odontotermes obesus DEWIipE, J. (Isoptera.) Defence Science Journ., 1964. In Rockstein, M. (Ed.) The physiol- vol. 15, No. 1, p. 48-50, December. ogy of insecta, Academic Press, vol. 1, Decker, G. C., Bruce, W. N., and Biccer, Reproduction, p. 12. |S & DirFiwentl, G. A. 1965. The accumulation and dissipation of 1963. [The “white” peril is always present: residues resulting from the use of termites.] (In Italian.) Agr. d'Italia, aldrin in soils. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 45-54, illustr. June. 58, No. 2, pp. 266-271, 3 figs., 3 tables. Dint, W., and Cesar, H. C. Apr. 1960. [Methods of studying the protozoa DELACHAMBRE, J. of termites.]| (In Portuguese.) Rev. 1965. [Researches on the Termitoxeniidae Bras. Biol., vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 403-407. (Diptera). 1. Description of a new Dixon, P. A. African species and its larva.] (In 1959. Reproductive capacity in Termito- French.) Bull. Union Internat. Etude myces striatus (Beeli) Heim. oth In- 120 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 ternat. Congr. Bot., vol. 2, pp. 93-94. be termite-free. Pest Control, vol. 34, Abstr. No. 2, p. 61. Feb. DouroJEANNI Ricorp1, M. EBELING, W. 1965. Introduccién al estudio de los insectos 1962. Relation of lipid adsorptivity of que afectan la explotacion forestal en powders to their suitability as insecti- la selva Peruana. Rev. Peruana Ent. cide diluents. Trans. 11th Internat. Agric., vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 27-38, illustr. Congr. Ent., vol. 2, (sect. 7/14), pp. Dec. 1963, pub. July 30, 1965. 451-454. 1960. Dozinsku, V. A. A. Esetine, W., and Pence, R. J. 1962. [Ukrainian termites, wood and plant 1965. Termite control. Prevention and con- pests.| (In Russian.) Akak. Nauk trol of the western subterranean ter- Turkmensk. S.S.S.R.: Ashkhabad, pp. mite. California Agric. Exper. Sta., 84-87. Extens, Serv. Circ. 469, pp. 1-16, 6 figs. DreispacH, R. H. April. 1961. Handbook of poisoning: diagnosis Epetinc, W., and Wacner, R. E. and treatment, 3d edit., pp. 1-460, 30 1961. U.C.L.A. experiments with pretreat- figs. Lange Medical Publications, Los ment for subterranean termite preven- Altos, California. Revised 1963. tion. P.C.O. News, vol. 21, No. 7, pp. Dresner, E, ‘ing b July. : 1960. Como combatir los termes o come- 1962. Interim report on 5-year tests with jenes. Ext. en las Amér., vol. 5, No. 6, pretreatment termiticides. Pest Con- Pp. 24-25. trol, vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 16, 18, 20, Drirt, J. W. P. T., VAN Der photo. Ebeling. Feb. 1962. [Termites or “white ants”] (In 1963. Methods and equipment for treating Dutch.) T. N. O.-Nieuws, vol. 17, No. houses with Dri-Die 67 during con- IQI, pt. I, pp. 24-28, 6 figs. Jan. struction. P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 14-17, figs. A-D. June. Ducuanots, F. R. 1961. Shortcomings in termite contro] in 1964. Built-in pest control. Pest Control, Florida. Pest Control, vol. 29, No. 11, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 20-22, 24, 26, 28, 31- 32, 2 figs., 3 tables. Feb. PP- 42, 44, 46, 55. Nov. EuMan, N. Duprron, P., Hutcer, M. F., S1paL, Z., 1963. Partial fumigations. P.C.O. News, and Barsier, M. vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 18-19, illustr. June. 1964. [Analysis of sterols in phytophagic in- sects by mass spectometry.] (In EIsENMANN, E. French.) Comp. Biochem. and Physiol, 1961. Favorite foods of neotropical birds: vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 257-262. Flying termites and Cecropia catkins. Auk, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 636-638. DuRant, J. A., and Fox, R. C. Emerson, A. E. 1966. Some arthropods of the forest floor 1961. Vestigial characters of termites and in pine and hardwood forests in the processes of regressive evolution. Evo- South Carolina Piedmont region. Ann. lution, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 115-131, Entom. Soc. America, vol. 59, No. 1 ’ pp. 202-207, 1 fig., 2 tables. Jan. illustr. June. 1962. Vestigial characters, regressive evo- Dutt, N. lution and recapitulation among ter- 1962. Preliminary observations on the in- mites. Proc. Internat. Symposium on cidence of termites attacking jute. Proc. Termites in Humid Tropics, New Intern. Symposium on Termites in the Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, Sect. I, pp. 17-30. 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 6, pp. 217-218, 1962a. Human cultural evolution and its pls. 41-42, 2 tables. relation to organic evolution of ter- Dysas, H. S. mites. Loc. cit. Sect. 6, pp. 247-254. 1961. A new genus of feather-wing beetles 1965. A review of the Mastotermitidae from termite nests in Bolivia (Cole- (Isoptera), including a new fossil optera: Ptiliidae). Chicago Natural genus from Brazil. Amer. Mus. Nov., Hist. Mus. Fieldiana (Zoology), vol. No. 2236, pp. 1-46, 4 figs. Dec. 17. 44, No. 8, pp. 57-62, figs. 17, 18. Dec 27. Emerson, A. E., and Banks, F. A. Dyers Ts As 1965. The Neotropical genus Labiotermes 1966. Housing authority demands furniture (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribu- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 121 tion, and ecology. (Isoptera, Termiti- Akad. Landwirtwiss. Tagungsber, vol. dae, Nasutitermitinae.) Amer. Mus. ipl) VO Wiei st is Nov., No. 2208, pp. 1-33, 9 figs. 7 FEDERAL HousiNnc ADMINISTRATION. tables. Feb. 17. 1963. Minimum Property Standards for Ericson, R. O. Multifamily Housing, Public. 2600, pp. 1961. A glossary of some foreign-language 1-500. Nov. terms in entomology. Agric. Handbk. 1966. Minimum Property Standards for No. 218, pp. 1-59, 4 figs. U.S. Dept. One and Two Living Units, Interim Agric., ARS, Dec. Revision No. 30, pp. 1-4. March. Ernst, E. FERNANDO, H. E. 1961. Report on termite resistance of 1962. Termites of economic importance in treated plastics. Shell Agric., Chem. Ceylon. Proc. Internat. Symposium on Bull. ADB; 846/Wd. 1. Termites in the Humid Tropics, New 1963. Zur Systematik und Biologie von Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Pseudacanthotermes. Symposia Ge- Sect. 6, pp. 205-210. netica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV. Fisupein, W. I., Wuite, J. V., and Isaacs, Congr. U.I.E.I.S.-Pavia, 9-14. Sett. 1961, ELE): vol. XI, pp. 276-279. Dec. 14. 1964. Survey of workers exposed to chlor- 1964. Uber die Funde von Pseudacantho- dane. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, termes in Tanganyika. (Isoptera: vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 726-727, 1 table. Termitidae.) Acta Trop., vol. 21, No. Oct. 2, pp. 173-178, illustr. Fieminc, W. E., Parker, L. B., MAIngs, 1964a, Bemerkungen zu den Soldaten von W. W., Prasket, E. L., and McCase, Acanthotermes acanthothorax Sjost. Date (Isoptera). Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 569-576, 4 text figs. 1962, Bioassay of soil containing residues EsENTHER, G. R. of chlorinated hydrocarbon _ insecti- 1961. The biology of the eastern subter- cides, with special reference to control ranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes of Japanese beetle grubs. U.S. Dept. (Kollar), in Wisconsin and related Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Tech. Bull. experiments with other species. Diss. No. 1266, pp. 1-44, 12 tables. July. Abs., vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 945-946. Sept. Fioyp, J. (go pages, abstr.) 1965. Phony floors trap termite operator. EsenTHER, G. R., ALien, T. C., Casipa, Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 46, J. E., and Suenerett, R. D. 49, 50. April. 1961. Termite attractant from fungus-in- ForsyTH, J. fested wood. Science, vol. 134, No. 1966. Agricultural insects of Ghana. Univ. 3471, p. 50. July 7. Press., Accra, pp. 76-78, termites. EsenTHER, G. R., and Copper, H. C. Fox, R. M., and Fox, J. W. 1964. Current research on termite at- 1964. Introduction to comparative entomol- tractants. Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 2, ogy, 450 pp., 13.7 figs., 4.1 tables. PP. 34, 36, 38, 42, 44, 46, 3 figs., 1 table. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York. Feb. (Isoptera, 5, 19, 20, 338, 350-354, 357, Fats, O. fig. 13.3 A and B.) 1938. Cockroach vs. termite idea. Ex- Frines, H., and Frines, M. terminators Log, vol. 6, No. 2, p. 18. 1962. Pest control with sound. Part 1, Fars, P., and Tue Epitors oF LiFe. Possibilities with invertebrates. Sound, 1962. The insects. Life Nature Library, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 13-20. Sound Sub- Time Inc., New York, pp. 1-192, il- scription Dept., 335 E. 45th St., New lustr., text figs., col. plates. (Termites York 17, N.Y; in Chap. 4, pp. 82-86, illustr.) 1964. Animal communication. Blaisdell Fecuino, A. (Ginn), New York, pp. 1-211. 1961. Toxicology of insecticides. Antidotes Fuyu, N. and preventatives. Minerva Farmaceut., 1964. [Studies on the free amino acids in vol. 10, pp. 67-75. Formosan termite (Coptotermes for- FEcHNER, J. mosanus Shiraki). 11.] (In Japanese.) 1962. [Toxicology of agents for plant Miyazaki U. Faculty Agric. Bull., vol. protection.| (In German.) Deutsch. 2, pp. 213-216. Mar. I22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Fuyu, N., Secawa, M., Ocuial, N., and 1963b. The control of termites in Australia. Surmi1zu, K. Symposia Genetica et Biologica Italica. 1962. [Studies on the free amino acids in Atti IV Congr. U.IE.I.S.-Pavia 9-14 Formosan termite (Coptotermes for- Sett. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 47-60. Dec. 14. mosanus Shiraki).] (In Japanese.) 1963c. Jn Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. Bull. Faculty Agric., Univ. Miyazaki, Res. Org. Australia, Div. Ent. 1962- vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 7-11, 1 fig. English 1963 Ann. Rep., Termites Laboratory summary. Dec. and field studies, pp. 71-74, photo. No. Futton, R. A. Smitu, F. F., and Bussey, 10. Canberra. iL 1965. Idem. 1964-1965, pp. 47-48, photo. 1962. Respiratory devices for protection No. 7. Canberra. against certain pesticides. U.S. Dept. Gay, F. J., and Hirst, K. Agric., Agric. Research Serv. 33-76, 1963. Termite-proof plywood through glue 15 pp., 8 figs., 1 table. Sept. line poisons. Commonwealth Sci. and 1964. Idem. Loc. cit. 33-76-1, pp. I-12, 9 Indus. Res. Org. Forest Prod. News figs., 1 table, revised June. letter No. 297, pp. 1-3, 1 fig., 1 table. June. Gases, M., and Norrot, C. Gay, F. J., and Scuurz, W. O. 1961. Particularités histochimiques du tissu adipeux royal des termites. Bull. Soc. 1965. [Comparison of two water-soluble Zool. France, vol. 85, 1960, Nos. 5-6, wood preservatives against termite at- pp. 376-382, figs. 1-9. tack.| (In German.) Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 6-9, 4 1961a. [Histochemical data in the oogenesis of termites.| (In French.) Bul, Biol. tables. Jan. Gay, F. J., and Wetuerty, A. H. France and Belg., vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 1962. Laboratory studies of termite re- 411-430, 3 pls. sistance. IV. The termite resistance of Gacviarpl, P. plastics. Australian Commonwealth Sci. 1963. [Termitin in animal nutrition.] (In and Industr. Res. Org., Div. Ent. Italian.) Romagna Agric. e Zootec., Techn. Pap. No. 5, pp. 1-31, 4 figs., vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 350-356. Oct. 6 tables. GALLo, P. Geicy, R., Hecker, H., and Keiser, F. 1961. [Contribution of the termite control 1964. Parasitische Dipterenlarven in Solda- center to the toxicology of insecticides. ] ten von Bellicositermes _ bellicosus (In Italian.) Boll. rst Patol. Libro., (Smeath.) (Isoptera.) Acta Tropica, vol. 20, Nos. 3/4, pp. 214-220. vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 280-286, 5 figs., 1 1963. [Idem. II.] (In Italian.) Symposia table. Miscellanea. Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV. Gentry, J. W. Congr. U. I.E.1.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1965. Crop insects of northeast Africa- 1961, vol. XI, pp. 120-126. Dec. 14. southwest Asia. Agricultural Hand- Gay, F. J. book No. 273, U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 1961. Termite 14. Laboratory and _ field 1-210, 41 figs. Jan. (Isoptera, pp. 8-9.) studies. Jn Commonwealth Scientific GHARAGOZLOU, I. and Industrial Research Organization, 1962. [Anatomic and quantitative study of Division of Entomology 1960-1961. the adipose tissue of various castes and Ann. Rep. pp. 37-39. Melbourne. various stages of Calotermes flavicollis 1962. In Commonwealth Scientific and In- Fabr.] (In French.) C. R. Acad. Sci., dustrial Res. Org., Australia, Divis. Paris, vol. 254, No. 13, pp. 2430-2432. Ent. 1961-1962 Ann. Rep. Termites Mar. 26. Laboratory and field studies, pp. 60-62, 1962a. [Cytological and histological studies photo. No. 12, Canberra. of the adipose tissue of the functional 1963. The synonomy, distribution and biol- sexuals of Calotermes flavicollis Fabr.| ogy of Coptotermes elisae (Desneux). (In French.) Loc. cit., vol. 255, No. 1, Pacific Insects, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 421- pp. 174-176. July 2. 423. July 25. Guirarovy, M. S. 1963a. Soil treatments for termite control 1961. Review. Humid tropic research. Proc. in Australia. Building: Lighting: Engi- Internat. Symposium on Termites in neering. Reprint, pp. 1-4, 5. figs. the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. August. 4-12, 1960. (UNESCO) 1962, pp. 1-254, NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 123 frontis., 50 figs., 16 pls. Oct. 17. Trans- GoésswaLp, K., and Krort, W. lation from Russian Entomologicheskoe 1961. Einblicke in das Staatenleben von Obozrenie (Ent. Review), vol. 40, No. Insekten auf Grund radiobiologischer 3, July/Sept. 1961, pp. 393-397. Rus- Studien. Der Imkerfreund, vol. 16, sian p. 720. Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci., No. I, pp. 7-12. Washington, D.C. 1963. Tracer experiments on food exchange 1962. Opening remarks of the chairman. in ants and termites. 7n Radiation and Sect. 4, Ecology., p. 129. Proc. Internat. Radioisotopes Applied to Insects of Symposium on Termites in the Humid Agricultural Importance. Proc. Sym- Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 posium Internat. Atomic Energy (UNESCO), p. 129. Agency: Vienna, Internat. Publications, 1962a. Termites of the U.S.S.R.,_ their Inc., New York, pp. 25-42, illustr. distribution and importance. Loc. cit. GokHALE, N. G., Sarma, S. N., Buatta- Pp. 131-135. cHAryyA, N. G., e¢ al. Guosg, S. K. 1958. Effect of termite activity on the 1964. Insecticidal control of termite, Micro- chemical properties of tea soils. Sci. termes sp. (Macrotermitinae, Termiti- and Cult., vol. 24, p. 229. dae, Isoptera.) damaging wheat crop. GongaLves, C. R., and Siva, A. G. A. Indian Agriculturist, vol. 8, No. 2, 1962. [Observations on the Isoptera of pp. 87-91. July. Brazil.] (In Portuguese.) Arg. Mus. Gites, D. T. Nac., vol. 52, pp. 193-208, 19 figs. July. 1962. Wood becomes precision material in GooDaLt, J. new stadium seats. Wood Preserv. 1963. My life among wild chimpanzees. News, vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 5-7, illustr. National Geographic, vol. 124, No. 2, Jan. pp. 304-308, illustr. Aug. Gipg, R. F. Goop.anp, R. J. A. 1963. Termite control with EDB good in 1965. On termitaria in a savanna eco- Philippine church. Pest Control, vol. system. Canadian Journ. Zool., vol. 43, 31, No. 8, p. 62. Aug. pp. 641-650, 1 fig., 1 table. July. GivEN, B. B. Goutpinc, R. L., and Every, R. W. 1964. The coconut termite in the Cook 1965. Oregon termites and their control. Islands. South Pacific Bull., vol. 14, Oreg. Insect Contr. Handbook 1965, No. 3, pp. 25-26. July. Pp. 376-383. Gtover, P. E., Trump, E. C., and GrassE, P. P., and Gwaracoztov, I. WatenripcE, L. E. D. 1963. [Ergastoplasm and protein genesis 1964. Termitaria and vegetation patterns in royal adipose tissues of the yellow- on the Loita plains of Kenya. Journ. necked termite (Calotermes flavt- Ecol., vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 367-377, il- collis).| (In French.) C. R. Acad. Sci., lustr., map. Paris, vol. 257, No. 23, pp. 3546-3548, GosswaLp, K. 2 pls. Dec. 4. 1961. Insektenstaat und Menschenstaat. Der 1964. [On a new type of cell of the adipose Imkerfreund, vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 146- royal tissue in Calotermes flavicollis 151. May. (Insecta Isoptera): endolophycyte.] 1962. On the methods of testing materials (In French.) Loc. cit. vol. 258, No. 3, for termite resistance with particular pp. 1045-1047. Jan. 20. consideration of the physiological and Grassz, P. P., and Ho rranog, A. biological data of the test technique. 1963. [Flagellates of the genera Holo- Proc. Internat. Symposium on Ter- mastigotoides and Rostronympha; mites in the Humid Tropics. New chromosome structure and coiling cycle Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), in Holomastigotoides psammotermti- Sect. 6, pp. 169-178, 9 figs., pls. 27-33. tidis.| (In French.) Ann. Sci. Nat. Oct. 17. Zool. et Biol. Anim, (ser. 12), vol. 5, 1962a. Beitrag zur Wirkungsweiss des No. 4, pp. 749-792. Oct./Dec. Insektizids Thiodan. XI. Internat. Grasst, P. P., and Norror, C. Kong. Ent. Wien, 17-25 Aug. 1960. 1959. [The relationship between termites Verhand]. Bd. 11, Sekt. XII, pp. 605- and tropical soils.] (In French.) Rev. 610, 4 figs., June. Géomorphol. Dyn., vol. 10, pp. 35-40. 124 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1960. Role respectif des males et des 1965. Jn Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. femelles dans la formation des sexués Res. Org. Australia. Div. Ent. 1964- néoténiques chez Calotermes flavicollis. 1965. Ann. Rep. Termites in forest Bull. Union Internat. Etude Insectes trees, p. 46, photo. No, 6. Canberra. Sociaux, vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 109-123, 1965a. The buffering effect of trees against 5 tables. June. fluctuating air temperature. Australian 1960a. L’isolement chez le termite a cou Forestry, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 175-180, jaune (Calotermes flavicollis Fab.) et 5 figs. Sept. ses conséquences. Loc. cit., vol. 7, Greaves, T.. McInnes, R. S., and Dowse, No. 4, pp. 323-331, 2 tables. Dec. J.. E. 1961. Nouvelles recherches sur la_ sys- 1965. Timber losses caused by termites, tématique et |’éthologie des termites decay and fire in an alpine forest in champignonnistes du genre Bellicosi- New South Wales, Australian Forestry, termes Emerson. Loc. cit., vol. 8, No. vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 161-174, 4 figs., 8 4, Pp. 311-359, 15 figs., 20 pls. Dec. tables. Sept. Greaves, T. Green, N., Beroza, M., and Hatt, S. A. 1960. Termites in Australian forests. Rep. 1960. Recent developments in chemical at- 7th Commonw. Ent. Conf., 1960, p. tractants for insects, Advances in Pest 109. Control Research, vol. 3, pp. 129-179. 1961. Termites 14. Termites in forest trees. GrirFFin, F, J. In Commonwealth Scientific and In- 1961. Termites. Chem. and Indus., vol. 38, dustrial Research Organization, Div. Pp. 1524-1526. Sept. 23. Ent., 1960-1961 Ann. Rep., p. 39. GreimstongE, A. V., and CLeveLtanp, L. R. Melbourne. 1965. The fine structure and function of 1962. Termites as forest pests—Results of the contractile axostyles of certain work 1957-1962. Third General Con- flagellates Oxymonas, Saccinobaculus ference of the Institute of Foresters and Notila, from the gut of certain of Australia May 28-June 1, 1962, termites and the wood-feeding roach Melbourne, pp. 1-17, mimeographed. Cryptocercus punctulatus. Journ. Cell. Biol., vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 387-400. 1962a. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. March. Res. Org., Australia, Div. Ent., 1961- Guac.iuml, P. 1962 Ann. Rep., pp. 63-65, photos. 1962. Las plagas de la cana de azucar en nos. 13-14. Termites, Canberra. Venezuela. Minis. Agr. y Cria. Centr. 1962b. Termites in Australian forest. XI Invest. Agron. Monog, 2, Oct., vol. 1, Internatl. Kong. Entom. Wien, 17-25 pp. 3-482, illus., vol. 2, pp. 487-850, Aug. 1960. Verhandl. Bd. 11, Sekt. illus.; Pt. 2, Isoptera, pp. 405-409. Pt. 3, VIII, pp. 238- 240. June. biol.; Pt. 4, control. 1962c. Studies of foraging galleries and the Gunn, W. C. invasion of living trees by Coptotermes 1964. Builder “sandwiches” vapor barrier; acinaciformis and €. brunneus (Isop- gives termites twenty-acre feast. Pest tera). Australian Journ. Zool., vol. Control, vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 50, 52, 54, 10, No. 4, pp. 630-651, 7 figs., 1 pl., 56, 1 diagram. July. 4 tables. Dec. Gupta, B. D. 1963. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. 1960. Studies on the control of termites Res. Org. Australia. Div. Ent. 1962- in sugarcane. Internatl. Proc. Congr. 1963 Ann. Rep. Termites in forest Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., vol. 10, pp. trees, pp. 74-76, photos. 11-12. Can- 961-977. Ref. 1959, pub. 1960. berra. Gupta, R., and Acarwat, M. K. 1964. Problems associated with studies of 1963. Odontotermes obesus Ramb., as a termites in living Eucalypts. 37th pest of Japanese mint. Journ. Bombay A.N.Z.A.A.S. Congr., Canberra, A.C.T. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 60, No. 1, pp. Section K., January 24, 1964, pp. 1-4, 285-287, illus. Apr. (pub, July 13). 1 table, mimeographed. Gupta, S. D. 1964a. Temperature studies of termite 1960 [1962]. Morphology of the primitive colonies in living trees. Australian termite, Anacanthotermes macroce- Journ. Zool., vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 250- phalus (Desneux) (Isoptera: Hodo- 262, 7 figs., 1 table. Oct. termitidae). 1. External morphology of NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 125 the soldier caste. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. Proc. Roy. Ent, Soc. London. (A), 58, Nos. 3/4, pp. 169-194, illustr. vol. 28, pts. 1-3, pp. 13-14. Mar. 1960a [1962a]. Idem. 2. External morphol- 1961. Termites; their recognition and con- ogy of the alate and worker castes. Loc. trol. John Wiley & Sons. New York, cit., pp. 195-222, illustr. pp. 1-187, 57 figs., 8 col. pls. Guzman, S. R. 1g61a. The recognition of termite damage. 1960. [Lethal temperature for protozoa of Pest Technology. July, Manchester, the termite Calotermes chilensis.| (In England, pp. 228-232, 5 figs. Spanish.) Invest. Zool. Chilenas, vol. 6, 1962. Termites in Europe. New Scientist, Pp. 73-77, I fig., 1 table. vol. 13, No. 278, pp. 614-617, I map, 1961. [Oxymonas chilensis n. sp., flagellate 8 figs. London. symbiont of the termite Calotermes 1962a. Some observations on termites as chilensis.| (In Spanish.) In Primer forestry pests. Eighth British Com- Congreso Chileno de Zoologia 1960. monwealth Forestry Conference 1962. Invest. Zool. Chilenas, vol. 7, pp. 83- East Africa. Termite Research Unit 96, 1 fig.,3 pls. 1961, July 15. Reprint No. 48, pp. 1-5. London. 1962. [Stephanonympha calotermitis n. sp., 1962b. Opening remarks. Sect. 3. General a flagellate symbiont from the Chilean biology. Proc. Internat. Symposium on termite Calotermes chilensis ( Blan- Termites in the Humid Tropics, New chard)] (In Spanish.) Invest. Zool. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), p. Chilenas, vol. 8, pp. 57-63, illustr. 99, Oct. 17. Hap.iincton, P. 1962c. Prevention of termite damage to 1965. Termite control in New South Wales. buildings with special reference to low- Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 36, 38. cost housing in the humid tropics. Loc. Jan. city. ‘Sect: 6, pp. ¥79-181. "Oct, 17. EiAGrey, EA. C. 1962d. Termites of the genus Angulitermes 1964. Role of insects as vectors of red ring in Africa. (Isoptera, Termitidae.) Ann. disease (Rhadinaphelenchus coco- Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, vol. 5, No. 53, philus) of coconut palm in Trinidad. pp. 311-318, 4 figs. Nov. 15. Nature, vol. 204, No. 4961, pp. 905-906. 1963. The termites of Hong Kong. Mem. Hong Kong Nat. Hist. Soc., No. 6, pp. Harpar, D. P., and CHakravarty, M. M. 1-9, 7 figs. July. 1964. Observations on sudanophilic simple 1963a. Exploration du Parc National de la and bound lipids in three species of Garamba. Mission H. de _ Saeger. termite flagellates. Acta Histochem., Fascicule 42. (Isoptera, pp. 1-43, 21 vol. 19, Nos. 5/8, pp. 377-381. figs., 4 pls. 3 tables. Sept. 30.) 1964a. Cytochemical studies on three species 1963b. Classification of the phytophagous of termite flagellates. Proc. Zool. Soc. Isoptera. Symposia Genetica et Bio- Calcutta, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 77-81, logica Italica. Atti IV Congr. U.LE.LS.- illustr. April. Pavia 9-14. Sett. 1961, vol. 11, pp. 193- RiAbrL, DG: 201. Dec. 14: 1966. Letters. How he handled it. Pest 1964. A new species of Angulitermes from Control, vol. 34, No. 5, p. 8. May. Israel. (Isoptera, Termitidae.) Ann. Hatz, D. W. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. 13, vol. 7, 1956. Insect damage observed in stored pp. 171-172, 1 fig. March. groundnuts. East African Agric. Journ., 1964a. A primitive fungus comb of Pseuda- vol. 22, No. 2, p. 106. canthotermes from the Sudan. (Isop- HAmstep ©, a. tera, Macrotermitinae.) /n A. Bouillon, 1965. This can’t happen here. Wood Pre- ed. Etudes sur les termites africains, serving News, vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 16- Edit. Univ. Léopoldville 1964, pp. 17, 2 figs. June. 78-81. Hamixton, J. R., and Coss, J. B. 1964b. A new phytophagous termite from 1964. Termite shields in small home con- Saudi Arabia. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 55, struction. Georgia Forest Res, Council. pt. 3, pp. 479-481, 6 figs. Dec. Georgia Forest Res. Paper 23, pp. 1-7, 1965. Recent developments in termite con- 1 table, 11 figs. Aug. trol. Pest Articles and News Sum- Harris, W. V. maries, Pans, Sect. A 1965, vol. 11, pp. 1953. A note on termites from St. Helena. 33-43. Bibliography. Feb. 325-491 O - 68 - 9 126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1965a. Termites from western Congo. Rev. Hetrick, L. A. Zool. Bot. Atr., vol. 71, fasc. 1-2, 1962. Effectiveness of insecticides in soil pp. 10-18, 2 figs. March 30. against termites after 15 years. Journ. 1966. Type localities of the Isoptera de- Econ, Ent., vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 270-271 scribed by Haviland. Proc. Linn. Soc. Apr. London, vol. 177, No. 1, pp. 11-17. Jan. Hickin, N. E. Harris, W. V., and Sanps, W. A. 1961. Maintenance of termite colonies ir 1965. The social organization of termite England for research purposes. Pest colonies. Symp. Zool. Soc. London, No. | Technology, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 84-86, 14, pp. 113-131. April. 6 figs. Jan. London. HaskELL, P. T. 1961a. Termite fumigation with methyl 1961. Insect sounds, 189 pp., 97 figs., 2 bromide, Chem. Prod., vol. 24, No. 5, tables. H. F. and G. Witherby, Ltd., pp. 205-206. May. London. (Termites, pp. 29, 59, 153.) 1963. The insect factor in wood decay, pp. Hasscer, R. K. 1-336, 263 figs., 2 colored pls. Hutchin- 1961. How a measuring device makes for son and Co., London and New York. better methyl bromide fumigation. Pest (Termites, pp. 267-284, figs. 221-232.) Control, vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 12, 14. July. Hockine, B. HAverRscHMIDT, F. 1963. Termite behaviour in relation to 1960. Some further notes on the nesting of spatial distribution. Symposia Genetica birds in termites’ nests. Emu, vol. 60, et Biologica Italica. Atti IV Congr. No. 1, pp. 53-54- U.LE.I.S.—Pavia, 9-14, Sett. 1961, vol. Hayes, W. J., Jr. XI, pp. 280-285, 3 figs. Dec. 14. 1963. Clinical handbook on _ economic 1965. Notes on some African termites. poisons. Emergency information for Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London. Ser. A, treating poisoning. U.S. Dept. Health, General Entom., vol. 40, pts. 4-6, pp. Education and Welfare, Public Health 83-87, pl. 1, text fig. 1, June 29. Service Public. No. 476, revis. 1963, pp. Hope1, C. 1-144, 4 figs. Communicable Disease 1962. Is the termite business becoming a Center-Toxicology Sect., Atlanta, Ga. a legalized racket? California Real Herau, RYE. Estate Mag., p. to. April. 1964. Testimony for the public hearing Hopson, A. C. on the registration of the economic 1965. Obituary. Holdaway, Frederick poisons, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin. George (1902-1965.) Journ. Econ, Ent., Pest Control, vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 82-84. vol. 58, No. 3, p. 594. 1 fig. photo. May. June. Heaton, S. S. Hormaren, L. 1966. Life of a damp-wood termite, Pest 1963. Resistance of Ethiopian timbers to Control, vol. 34, pp. 28a, 28b, 29-30, termite attack. Buildg. Res. Centre, cover. Feb. Addis Ababa, Rept. No. 1, pp. 1-4. HetrFer, J. R. Honicperc, B. M. 1963. How to know the grasshoppers, 1963. Evolutionary and systematic rela- cockroaches and their allies, pp. 353, tionships in the flagellate order Tricho- 579 figs. Wm. C, Brown Co., Dubuque, monadida Kirby. Journ. Protozool., Iowa. (Termites, pp. 63-80, figs. 114- vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 20-63, illustr. 136.) Hoon, R. C. Herrs, A. 1962. The incidence of white ants (ter- 1954. The economic importance of termites mites) in the region of the Hirakud in tropical countries. Leverkusen, pp. Dam project. Proc. Internat. Sym- 1-37, illustr. posium on Termites in the Humid 1963. [New results on research on ter- Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 mites.] (In German.) Zeitschr. Angew. (UNESCO), Sect. 4, pp. 141-149. Ent., vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 92-100. Howick, C. D. Herrtant-Meewis, H., and Pasteets, J. M. 1965. Preservation treatments against ter- 1961. [The moulting glands of Calotermes mites and fungi for timber construc- flavicollis F. (Insecta: Isoptera.) ] tions. Commonwealth Sci. Indus. Res. (In French.) C, R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Org. Forest Prod. News lett. 317, pp. vol. 253, No. 25, pp. 3078-3080. Dec. 18. 1-3. Apr. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER oy] Howse, P. E. 1961a. A quick laboratory method of de- 1962. The perception of vibration by the termining the termite resistance of ma- subgenual organ in Zootermopsis terials. Beitrage zur Entomologie, vol. angusticollis Emerson! (sic) and Peri- 11, No. 5/6, pp. 546-556, 5 figs., 4 planeta americana L. Experimentia, tables. Sept. Berlin. vol. 18, No. 457, pp. 457-459, 1-3 re- 1961b, Zur Frage der natiirlichen Dauer- print. haftigkeit einiger Holzer aus China 1963. [On the evolution of the production gegen Termiten. Loc. cit. vol. 11, of vibrations as a communication No. 5/6, pp. 557-565, pls. 10-13, 17 figs., means among termites.] (In German.) 2 tables. Sept. Rev. Suisse de Zool., vol. 70, F. 2, No. 1961c. Contribution to the knowledge of 15, pp. 258-267, 3 figs. July. European species of the genus Reticuli- 1963a. Oscillation movements in the ter- termes (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Rhino- mite Zootermopsis angusticollis, Sym- termitidae.) Acta faunistica ento- posia Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti mologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, vol. IV Congr. U.IE.I.S—Pavia, 9-14, Sett. 7, No. 61, pp. 97-107, 3 figs., 7 tables. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 256-268, 6 figs. Edit. 31.10.1961. Dec. 14. 1961d. [Contribution to the study of 1964. The nature of the insect colony. New natural resistance of some _ timbers Science, vol. 21, No. 373, pp. 90-97, against termites.] (In Czechoslovak- 2 figs., Jan. 9. London. ian.) Drevarsky Vyskum, vol. 3, pp. 1964a. An investigation into the mode of 133-148. action of the subgenual organ in the 1963. [Resistance of wood-fiber plates im- termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis pregnated against termites in labora- Emerson! (sic) and in the cockroach, tory and field tests.] (In Czechoslo- Periplancta americana L. Journ. Insect vakian.) Zool. Listy, vol. 12, No. 1, Physiology, vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 409-424, pp. 75-85, illustr. 9 figs., 1 table. June. Hrpy, I., and Novak, V. J. A. 1964b, The significance of the sound pro- 1960. Contribution to the question of non- duced by the termite Zootermopsis specificity of the exohormones. Proc. angusticollis (Hagen). Anim. Behav., tith Internat. Congr. Entom. Vienna, vol. 12, Nos. 2 and 3, April-July 1964, 1960 Symposium, vol. 3: Insect Chem- pp. 284-300, illustr. istry, pp. 222-225, 2 figs. (Verlag Ist. 1965. Communication in the termite Ent. Univ. Pavia 1960.) Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen). Hsia, Kat-Line, and Fan, SHu-TEn. Proc. XII Int, Congr. Ent. 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E. posii Evolutione Insectorum, Prague, 1966. Insects. Prentice-Hall, pp. 1-324, Czechoslovakia, 1959; Academic Press, illustr. (Termites, pp. 11, 48, 162-163, New York 10960, pp. 1-406. 234-239, 275.) 1961. [A contribution to laboratory testing IKEHARA, S. of termite resistance of materials.| (1957) (In Czechoslovakian.) Drevarsky Vys- 1963. The termite fauna of the Ryukyu kum, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 41-50. March. Islands. Proc. gth Pac. Sci. Congr., 128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Entomology. Dec. 1957, Pp. 9-14, No. 2, pp. 113-117, 1 table. Aug. Rio illustr. Bangkok, Thailand. de Janeiro, D. F. 1961. The formulae advocated to know Jakussk1, A. W. the northernmost limits of the geo- 1965. A critical revision of the families graphical distribution of termites. Ab- Margarodidae and Termitococcidae stracts of symposium papers. roth Pac. (Hemiptera, Coccoididea). Trustees Sci. Congr., Aug. 1961, reprint, pp. 1-3, British Museum Nat. Hist., London, 2 figs., 1 table. Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. 1-187, frontispiece col., 14 text figs. INDIAN CocoNuT JOURNAL. April. 1962. Host list of fungi etc. and insects James, F. R. recorded in the South East Asia and 1962. Sneak attack! Here’s how to discover Pacific region. I. Fungi etc., vol. 15, and destroy those housewrecking ter- Nos. 3 and 4, pp. 162-178. Isoptera, mites, and ways to keep them from pp. 165-166. April-Sept. attacking and damaging your home. INDIAN CoUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. Popular Mechanics, May, pp. 129-133, 1957-1958. Ann. Rept., pp. 22-25, Entomol- 180, illustr. ogy. JEANNEL, R. G. INDIAN Inst. SuGARCANE ReEs., SUGARCANE 1960. Introduction to entomology. Hutchin- BREEDING, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. son and Co., London, pp. 1-344. Isop- 1962. Termite control, vol. 2, No. 3, p. 186. tera, pp. 92, 93, fossil, p. 274, social 1962a. Sugarcane breeding. Agric. Ent. life, ‘pp.. 212,226, pl. I, A, B, figs: 1x7, Isoptera, Loc. cit., p. 190. 118, pl. 2 IX, fig. 119, 125, pl. 2-X. INGLE, L. Jen, Da-Fonc 1965. A monograph on chlordane. Toxi- 1964. [A preliminary study on termites in- cological and pharmacological prop- festing sugarcane and their control.] erties, pp. 1-88, 5 tables. (In Chinese.) Acta Phytophyl. Sin., INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 49-60, 1 fig. Peking. 1963. Bull. No. 1963-45, Nov. 12. Section Jounston, H. R. 165.—Losses. 26 CFR 1.165-7: Casualty 1963. 18 years of soil poison tests. Pest Con- losses. Rev. Rul. 63-232. trol, vol...31, -No.,.2, p.27.Feb. IsHERWoop, H. 1965. Consumers all. Yearbook of Agri- 1963. What makes a good termite operator. culture 1965. U.S. Dept. Agric., (Ter- With comments by editor Ken Scott. mites) pp. 34-37, illustr. P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 8-10. 1965a. Soil insecticides for prevention and Jan. control of subterranean termites in 1965. How to justify your bid. Pest Con- buildings. Proc. XII Int. Congr. Ent. trol, vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 78, 80. May. London 1964. Sect. 10 Forest Entomol- Jacozson, M. ogy, p. 687. 1965. Insect sex attractants. Interscience JosepH, K. J. Publishers—Div. John Wiley and Sons. 1964. Supplementary reproductives (Neo- New York, pp. 1-154, 10 figs., 7 tables. teinics) from a colony of Microcero- (Termites pp. 32, 38.) termes fletcheri Holmg. _Isoptera, JacquioT, C. Termitidae. Current Sci., vol. 33, No. 1961. Some present aspects of wood pre- 2, Pp. 54-55, illustr. Jan. 20. servation in France. Brit. Wood Pre- JosepH, K. J., and Martuap, S. B. serv. Assoc. Rec. Annual Conv., 1961, 1963. A new genus of _ termitophilous pp. 151-164. Atelurinae (Thysanura: Nicoletidae) Jacquiot, M. C. from India. Bull. Union Internat. Etude 1965. Sur une colonie de termites de Insectes Sociaux, vol. 10, No. 4, pp. saintonge (Reticulitermes santonensis 379-386, 3 figs. Dec. de Feytaud) a Varennes-sur-Loire Juccr ac: (M.-et L.) Acad. Agric. France, 1957. Genetica e sistematica. Atti Accad, Compt. Rend., vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 623- Naz. Italiana Entom. Rendic. (Annov 625. —1957), PP. 109-129. Jaxos1, H., and De Loyorag, Sirva, J. 1960. [Genetics, evolution and systematics 1959. Sdbre a defaunacao bioquimica dos in some insects.] (In Italian.) Qua- térmitas. Rev. Brasil. Biol., vol. 19, derno No. 47—Evoluzione e Genetica NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 129 —1960. Colloquio Internazionale— KeENDEIGH, S. C. Roma, 8-11 aprile 1959, pp. 105-127. 1961. Animal ecology, 468 pp., 28-8 figs., 1960a. Le societa degli insetti. Symposia tables 28-1. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Engle- Genetica et Biologica Italica, vol. 7, wood Cliffs, N.J. (Termites, fig. 12-1, pp. 1-24. pp. 109, 164, table 9-8, pp. 174-177, 1963. Endocrinologia comparata degli in- 179, 251, 311-312, 338-330, 344, 347, setti sociali e differenziazione delle 349, fig. 27-7.) caste. Symposia Genetica et Biologica KeEnjo, Y. Italica. Atti IV Congr. U.I.E.I.S.-Pavia, 1963. [Studies on termite control methods 9-14 Sett. 1961, vol. X, pp. 73-97, 13 in U.S.A.] (In Japanese.) Mokuzai figs. Nov. Kogyo, vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 132-134. KatsHovEN, L. G. E. Kerr, E. 1962. Observations on Coptotermes havt- 1962. What do you really know about ter- landi Holmgr. (javanicus Kemn.) mites? Forests and People, vol. 12, No. (Isoptera.) Beaufortia Zool. Mus— 2, pp. 8-13. Second Q(uarter). Amsterdam, vol. 9, No. 101, pp. 121- Ketnar, S. M. 137, 2 pls., 1 table. May 25. 1962. Studies on the common mound-build- 1963. Penetration of Coptotermes hyalo- ing termites from Poona. Proc. In- apex Holmgr. into an underground ternat. Symposium on Termites in the cable in West New Guinea. Ent. Ber., Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-r, vol. 23, No. 2, Feb. 1, pp. 30-31, illustr. 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 3, pp. 115-116. 1963a. Coptotermes curvignathus causing Kevan, D. K. McE. the death of trees in Indonesia and 1962. Soil animals, 237 pp., 160 figs., 5 pls., Malaya. Loc. cit., vol. 23, No. 5, May 1, 7 tables. H. F. and G. Witherby, Ltd., pp. 90-99, illustr. London. (Termites, pp. 2, 10, 18, 35, 1963b. Review article. Termite problems. 52-55, fig. 79, 76, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99, 100, Tropical Abstracts. Tropical Products 133, 135, 140, I41, 177-179, 184, 189 Dept. Roy. Trop. Inst. Amsterdam, et seq.) vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 289-294. May. Kuatsa, H. G., Nica, B. S., and Acarwat, 1963c. Coptotermes curvignathus as a cause PN of trouble in electric systems. Symposia 1964. Antitermite (Isoptera) tests with Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV thermocoustic board. Defence Science Congr. U.LE1IS—Pavia, 9-14 Sett. Journ., vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 341-344. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 223-229, 3 figs. Kirsy, C. S. Dee 1A: 1965. The distribution of termites in Kapur, A. P. Ontario after 25 years. Can. Ent., vol. 1962. Some observations on the nature of 97, No. 3, pp. 310-314, 2 figs. March. damage by Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder (Rhinotermitidae, Isoptera) at Kirsy, C. S., and Harnpen, A. Shillong, Assam. Proc. Internat. Sym- 1963. Termites in Ontario. Canada Dept. posium on Termites in the Humid Forest Bi-Monthly Prog. Rept., vol. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 19, No. 2, p. 1. Mar.-Apr. (UNESCO), Sect. 3, pp. 105-106, IRIRBY,, Jalon pl. 20. 1961. Termites rank no. 2 with P.C.O.s in Karz, H. New Jersey. Pest Control, vol. 29, No. 1962. “Buggy” drains. Pest control, vol. 30, 5, Pp. 69-71. May. No. 8, p. 60. Aug. KIRTHISINGHE, F. 1962a. Micronized dust for wall voids? Loc. 1961, Termites. Ceylon Coconut Planters’ cit., vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 44, 46. Sept. Rev., vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 8-15. April. 1962b. Vive la French drains? Non! Loc. Kors, “A. B,aand)Kuors.En B, cit., vol. 30, No. 12, p. 44. Dec. 1959. Living insects of the world. Double- Kenaca, E. E. day, pp. 1-304, 277 photos., 152 in full 1963. Commercial and experimental organic color. (Chap. 4, termites, pp. 23-30, insecticides. (1963 revision.) Indexed 2 figs., pl. 7.) as to their scientific, common and trade Kocu, C. D. names, code designations, uses and 1965. Termites+Hodotermes mossambicus manufacturers. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer., +destroying the grassveld, tackle an vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 67-103. June. extensive programme to eradicate 130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 them. Farming South Africa, vol. 41, logica Italica. Atti IV Congr. U.I.E.1.S.— No. 4, pp. 19, 21-22, illustr. July. Pavia, 9-14 Sett., vol. XI, pp. 202-209, Konpo, T., Kurotort, S., Tesuia, M., and 1 chart. Dec. 14. Sumimoto, M. 1965. Termites (Isoptera) of Burma. Amer. 1963. [The termiticidal wood-extractive Mus. Novitates, No. 2210, pp. 1-34, 12 from Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz.] figs., 12 tables. Feb. 17. (In Japanese.) Journ. Japan Wood Res. 1965a. Nesting habits of termites. Journ. Soc., vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 125-129. Aug. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 73, No. 1, Kovoor, J. pp. 39-40. Mar. (Apr. 19.) Abstr. 1964. [Chemical changes in poplar wood KrisHna, K., and Emerson, A. E. shavings under influence of a termitid: 1962. 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Reprint Gesundheitswesen und scribed imago caste of the genus Cal- Desinfektion, vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 56-63, caritermes Snyder (Isoptera, Kalo- reprint pp. 1-8, 21 figs. April. termitidae.) Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 1963. Moglichkeit der Bekampfung der 2098, pp. 1-13, 6 figs., 6 tables. June 27. Termiten mit Atommill. Holzforsch- 1962a. New species of the genera Allo- ung und Holzverwertung 15 Jahrg., termes Wasmann, Bicornitermes Heft 4, pp. 67-70, 1 illustr. Wien. Krishna, Epicalotermes Silvestri, and 1963a. Der Pilz Termitomyces als Nahrung Procryptotermes Holmgren (lIsoptera, fiir die Larven der gelbfiissigen Ter- Kalotermitidae.) Loc. cit., No. 2119, mite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar.) pp. 1-25, 12 figs., 13 tables. Dec. 28. Loc. cit., 15 Jahr., Heft 5, pp. 101-107, 1963. The African genus Foraminitermes 18 figs. Holmgren (Isoptera, | Termitidae, Kusuwana, K. S. Termitinae.) Loc. cit., No. 2161, pp. 1960. External morphology of the termite, 1-23, 11 figs., 9 tables. Nov. 27. 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(Isoptera, p. 326.) waldo Cruz, vol. 35, fasc. 3, pp. 641- 1965. Reflections on the Baltic amber in- 660. April. (Isoptera, p. 642.) clusions. Loc. cit., vol. 34, pp. 135-142. Losinsky, W. A. (Isoptera, p. 140.) 1958. Die Termiten im Siiden der Ukraine. 132 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Anz. landwirtschaftlichen Wissen- New concepts of termite ecology. Pest schaft, No. 1 (Ukrainisch.) Control, vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 30-34, 36, 1962. [Termites of Ukraine injurious to 60-61, 2 figs., 3 tables, photo. author. wood and plants. /n Termites and Feb. their method of control.] (In Russian.) 1963. Subterranean termites and fungi. Acad. Sci. Turkmenia SSR, pp. 84-87. Theoretical interactions. Loc. cit., vol. Lowe, R. G. 31, No. 10, p. 78. Oct. 1961. Control of termite attack on Eucalyp- 1965. Piggyback bacteria can kill termite tus citridora Hook. Empire Forestry colony. Loc. cit., vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 22, Rev., vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 73-78. Mar. 24. July. Ltscuer, M. Lunp, A. E., and Encernarpt, N. T. 1959. Die Physiologie der Differenzierung 1962. Subterranean termites and Abs:dia der Kasten bei der Termite Kalotermes coerulea Rainier (Mucorales). Journ. flavicollis (Fabr.) The ontogeny of Insect. Pathology, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. insects. II Acta Symposii Evolutio In- 131-132. March. New York. sectorum. Praha, pp. 161-166, 2 figs. Lunp, H. O. 1960. Sozialwirkstoffe bei Termiten. XI 1961. Will wood preservatives block ter- Internatl. Kong. Entom. Wien, 17-25 mite tubing? Pest Control, vol. 29, No. Aug. 1960. Verhandl. Band 1. Sekt. 4, pp. 58-60. April. V, pp. 579-582, 2 figs. (Pub. 1962.) Luppova, A. N. 1961. Air-conditioned nests, etc. Sci. Amer., 1962. [Methods of planning and improve- vol. 205, No, 1, pp. 138-145, illustr. ment of the construction of termite- July. proof houses.] [/n Termites and their 1961a. Social control of polymorphism in method of control.] (In Russian.) termites. /n Insect polymorphism Roy. Acad. Sci. of Turkmenia S.S.R., pp. Ent. Soc. 1961, J. S. Kennedy (Ed.), 103-109. pp. 57-67, 5 figs., 1 table. 1963. [Termites from Central Asia.] (In 1962. Sex pheromones in the termite super- Russian.) Akad. Nauk Turkmensk organism. /n Conference of the Euro- S.S.R.: Ashkhabad, 17-27, 1962. Referat. pean Endocrinologists, 1962. Gen. and Zhur., Biol, 1963, No. 8E225. (Transla- Comp. Endocrinol., vol. 2, No. 6, p. tion.) 615. Abstr. Lyon, S. R. 1963. Functions of the corpora allata in the 1963. It is necessary to drill floors to treat development of termites. Proc. XVI grade slabs, Lyon says. Pest Control, Internat. Congr. Zool., Washington, vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 46, 48, 50. Jan. D.C., Aug. 20-27, 1963, vol. 4, pp. 244- Lyons, F. H. 250, 4 figs. 1964. Four million homes treated for ter- 1963a. Hormonol regulation of develop- mites since *36. Pest Control, vol. 32, ment in termites. Symposia Genetica et No. 6, p. 52. June. Biologica Italica. Centro di Genetica MacNay, C. G. del Consiglio, Nazionale delle Ricer- 1961. Import interceptions. Canad, Insect che. Presso l'Universita di Pavia. Re- Pest Rev., vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 135-136. print vol. X, pp. I-II. (Pub. Nov. Jan.-May. 1963.) 1963. Eastern subterranean termite (Re- 1963b. Demonstration of a trail pheromone ticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Loc. cit., in termites. Loc. cit., vol. XI, Atti IV vol. 41, No. 4, p. 105. Congresso U.I.E.1.S—Pavia, 9-14 Sett. McKittrick, F. A. 1961, pp. 189-192. Dec. 14, 1963. 1963. Evolutionary studies of cockroaches. 1964. [The specific effect of male and fe- Diss. Abs., Univ. Microfilms, Inc., Ann male functional replacement reproduc- Arbor, Mich., 1963, vol. 23, No. 8, tives upon the transformation of re- Zoology, p. 3045. Feb. placement reproductives in the termite 1964. Evolutionary studies of cockroaches. Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabr.)] (In Memoir 389. Cornell Univ. Agric. German.) Bull. Union Internat. Etude Exper. Sta., New York State College Insectes Sociaux, vol. II, No. 1, pp. 79- of Agric., Ithaca, N. Y., pp. 1-197, pls. 90, 4 figs., 3 pls. March. 64, text figs. 6, tables 7. Oct. Lunn, A. E. 1965. A contribution to the understanding 1962. Subterraneans and their environment. of cockroach-termite affinities. Ann. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 138 Ent. Soc, Amer., vol. 58, No. 1, pp. clave. Ministeria de Agricultura. Direc- 18-22, 8 figs. Jan. cion Gen de Montes, Casa y Pesca McLean, L. A. Fluvial, Servicio Inst. Forestales Sect. 1962. The necessity, value and safety of Micologia Forestal, Patologia y Con- pesticides. Velsicol Chemical Corp., servac de Maderas, Ato 31, pp. 1-83, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 1-19. Oct. 31 pls., 14 text figs, 1 map. Madrid. McManav, E. A. 1963. [Investigations on termiticides and 1961. Laboratory studies of Cryptotermes woods resistant to termites.] (In brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalo- Spanish.) Loc. cit., Afio 34, No. 81, termitidae) with special reference to pp. 1-119, figs., 17 plates, 24 tables. colony development and __ behavior. Madrid. Diss. Abs. 21(8) :2414. Martynova, O. M. 1962. Idem. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 1962. In Rodendorf, B. B., ed. [Funda- 18, No. 1, pp. 145-153, 1 fig., 2 tables. mentals of paleontology. A manual for Aug. paleontologists and geologists.] vol. 9, 1962, 560 pp. illus. Moscow. (In Rus- 1963. A study of termite feeding relation- sian.) Isoptera, pp. 112-113, illustr. ships, using radioisotopes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 74-82, Mason, G. G. W. 1963. Preservation of house timbers in New 1 fig., 3 tables. Jan. Zealand. Int. Pest Control, vol. 5, No. 1963a. New radioactive tests show how I, pp. 19-20. termites feed. Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 32-34, 36, 5 figs. Feb. MatTHEN, K., Kurian, C., and Matuew, J. 1964. Field control of termites infesting Macuapo, A. DerB. germinating nuts in coconut nursery. 1963. Le concept d’espéce ethologique et Indian Coconut Journ., vol. 17, No. 3, son application prématurée 4 la sys- pp. 127-136, illustr. Apr.-June. tematique des termites Apicotermes. XVth Internat. Congr. Zool., Sect. II, Matuieu, H. 1962. [Termites.] (In German.) Holz- Paper 9, pp. I-3. forsch. und Holzverwert., vol. 14, Nos. Mattuis, A. 5/6, pp. 97-103, 22 figs., 2 tables. Dec. 1964. Handbook of pest control, 4th ed., Austria. pp. 1-1148, 250 illustr. (Termites, Chap. Matuur, R. N. VII, pp. 219-324, figs. 45-78.) 1962. Enemies of termites (white ants). Manlier, J. F. Proc. Internat. Symposium on Termites 1960. Paracoleomitus grassei n.g., n. sp. in the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, schizophyte du colon de Calotermes Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 4, flavicollis F. Ann. Parasitol. Humaine PP. 137-139. et Compar., vol. 35, Nos. 5/6, pp. 677- 1962a. Important problems in forest en- 686, illustr. Oct./Dec. tomology of India. XI Internat. Kong. Manns, M. Entom. Wien, 17-25 Aug. 1960. 1963. How to use insecticides and fumi- Verhandl. Bd. II, Sekt. VIII, pp. 277- gants safely. Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 283. (Termites, p. 281.) I, pp. 9, II, 12, 14, 63, illustr. Jan. Matuur, R. N., Cuatreryez, P. N., and MaNnugEL, W. W. Tuapa, R. S. 1964. The legal requirements of a “termite 1965. Prophylactic efficacy of various in- report”. P.C.O. News vol. 24, No. 2, secticides in the protection of freshly pp. 20-22. Feb. felled timbers in storage against insect Marks, E. P., and Lawson, F. A. borers and_ subterranean — termites. 1962. A comparative study of the Dicty- Dehra Dun. Forest Res, Inst. Indian opteran ovipositor. Journ. Morph., vol. Forest Bull. (n.s.) 241, pp. 1-23. III, No. 2, pp. 129-171, illustr. Sept. Martuur, R. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K. MarsHALL, C. W. 1961. Capritermes orientalis, a new species 1966, A digest of termite rodding tech- from Burma (Isoptera: Termitidae: niques. Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 5, Termitinae.) Bull. Ent., No. 2, pp. 1-4, Pp. 72, 74, 76, 8 figs. May. 1 fig., 1 table. March. Madras. Martinez, J. B. Matuur, R. N., and Sen-Sarma, P. K. 1960. Estado actual de Ja industria Espanola 1961. Capritermes orientalis, a new species de impregnation de maderas en auto- from Burma (Isoptera: Termitidae; 134 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Termitinae.) Bull. Ent., No. 2, pp. 1-4, 1962c. A revised catalogue of Isoptera 1 fig., 1 table. March. Madras. (white ants) of the Entomological 1962. Notes on the habits and biology of Reference Collection at the Forest Re- Dehra Dun termites. Timber Dryers’ search Institute, Dehra Dun. Indian and Preservers’ Assoc. India, vol. 8, Forest Leafl. 167, pp. 1-122. No. 1, pp. 1-18, pls. 4, 5. Jan. Matsuzawa, H. 1962a. Imago caste of Odontotermes as- 1963. On the distribution of the three smuthi (Holmgren) [Isoptera: Termi- species of wood-dwelling termites in tidae.| Bull. Ent., No. 3, pp. 7-12, 3 Shikoku Island of Japan. Kontyd, vol. figs., 1 table. March. 31, No. 2, pp. 99-104, 3 figs., I map. Matuur, R. N., and Sinou, B. June. 1960. A list of insect pests of forest plants Matsuzawa, H., and Tan, S. in India and the adjacent countries. 1962. [On the distribution of Katan termite (Arranged alphabetically according to Glyptotermes fuscus (Oshima) in the the plant genera and species for the southeastern district of Shikoku] (In use of forest officers.) Pt. 7. List of Japanese.) Jap. Journ. Appl. Ent, and insect pests of plant genera “L” to “O” Zool., vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 247-248, map. (Lablab to Oxytenanthera). Forest Sept. Res. Inst. Dehra Dun. Indian Forest MEIKLE, R. W., and Srewart, D. B. (n.s.), vol. 171, No. 6, (1959) pp. 1962. Structural fumigants. The residue 1-148. (Termites, pp. 32, 34, 37, 41, 57, potential of sulfuryl fluoride, methyl 73, 91, I10, 119, 136.) bromide, and methane-sulfony] fluoride 1960a. Idem. Pt. 8. List of insect pests of in structural fumigations. Agric. and plant genera “P” to “R” (Paederia to Food Chemistry, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. Rumex). Loc. cit., vol.. 171, No. 7 393-397, 2 figs., 4 tables. Sept./Oct. (1960) pp. 1-130. (Termites, Isoptera, MEIKLE, R. W., Stewart, D., and Gtosus, PP. 27, 30, 34, 41, 47, 70, 75, 83, 105, O. A. IIT. 1963. Fumigant mode action: drywood ter- 1961. Idem. Pt. 9. List of insect pests of mite [Kalotermes minor) metabolism plant genera “S” (Sabia to Syzygium). of Vikane fumigant as shown by Loc. cit., vol. 171, No. 8, pp. 1-88. labeled pool technique. Journ. Agric. (Isoptera, pp. 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 21, 30, 33, and Food Chem., vol. II, No. 3, pp. 47, 57, 65, 72, 83, 85.) 226-230, 3 figs., 3 tables. May/June. 1961a. Idem. Pt. 10. List of insect pests of MENpEs, M. A. plant genera “T” to “Z” (Tabernae- 1959. A entomofauna do _ castanheiro montana to Zizyphus). Loc. cit., vol. (Castanea sativa Miller) no concelho 171, No. 9, pp. 1-116, (Isoptera, pp. de moimenta da beira. Direccao Geral 15-16, 35, 49, 92, 97, 106.) dos Servicos. Florestais e Ayuicolas. Matuur, R. N., and Tuapa, R. S. Publicades, vol. 26. Tomo 1°11, pp. 1961. Pseudocapritermes fontanellus sp. 136-137. nov. from South India. Journ. Timber Menon, K. P. V., and Panparar, K. M. Dryers and Preserv. Assoc. India, vol. 1958. The coconut palm, a monograph 7, No. 3, pp. 3-7, 1 fig., 1 pl., 1 table. Ernakulam, S. India, pp. 1-384, illustr. July. (Insect pests, Chap. 14, p. 282. 1962. A new genus of Nasutitermitinae Isoptera.) from India (Isoptera, Termitidae.) Merrick, G. D. Indian Forester, vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 49- 1961. Wood preservation statistics 1960. 2, 3 figs., 1 table. Jan. Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., 1962a. Microcapritermes gen. n. from India vol. 57, pp. 219-253, 17 tables, 1 map. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae.) 1962. Idem. 1961. Loc. cit., vol. 58, pp. Loc. cit., vol. 88, No. 5, pp. 370-375, 253-287, 17 tables, 1 map. illustr. May. 1963. Idem. 1962. Loc. cit., vol 59, pp. 1962b. A new species of Stylotermes (Isop- 235-269, 17 tables, 1 map. tera: Rhinotermitidae: Stylotermiti- 1964. Idem. 1963. Loc. cit., vol. 60, pp. nae.) from India, Journ. Timber Dry- 201-235, 17 tables, 1 map. ers’ and Preserv. Assoc. of India, vol. 1965. Idem. 1964. Loc. cit., vol. 61, pp. 8, No. 4, pp. 4-8, 2 figs. Oct. 267-301, 17 tables, 1 map. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 135 Me_rcatr, R. L. (Ed.) 1965., Ann. Rep., Biochemical studies 1965. Advances in pest control research, vol. on termites, pp. 17-18. Canberra. 6, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. Moores, H. B. I-VII, 1-289, illustr. 1963. Termites and powder-post beetles. MIcHELBACHER, A. E. North Carolina Pesticide Manual, p. 1965. Obituary. Essig. Edward Oliver 103. State College Record, vol. 62, No. (1884-1964). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 5. Jan. vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 207-234, 4 photos., Morris, W. J. 5 figs. Oct. 1963. House hardly up when termites at- Miter, E. M. tack. Pest Control, vol. 31, No. 11, 1964. Biology of termites. Biological Sci- PP- 44, 46, 3 figs. Nov. ences Curriculum Study Pamphlets, Mosconl, P. B. No. 17, pp. 1-36, illustr. D. C. Heath 1963. Histological and histochemical re- and Co., Boston. searches on endocrine system of ter- Minko, G. mites. Symposia Genetica et Biologica 1965. Termites+Porotermes adamsoni— Italica, vol. X, pp. 22-28, 5 figs. Atti Froggatt+in living Pinus radiata— IV Congr. U.I.E.I.S.—Pavia, 9-14 Sept. D-Don. Victoria Forests Comn. For- 1961. November 1963. estry Tech. Papers’ 15, pp. 1-3. April. MuEsEBECK, C. F. W. Misra, J. N. 1965. A new diapriid (Hymenoptera: 1962. Opening remarks by chairman. Sect. Diapriidae) from termite nests from 5. Intestinal cellulose digesting sym- South Africa. Journ. Ent. Soc. Southern bionts. Proc. Internat. Symposium on Africa, vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 188-190, 1 Termites in the Humid Tropics, New fig. Feb. 28. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), p. Mukerji, D., and CHowpuurt, R. 153. 1962. Developmental stages of Odonto- 1964. Physiology of digestion in termites. termes redemanni (Wasm.) Proc. In- Indian Forester, vol. 90, No. 3, pp. ternat. Symposium on Termites in the 131-136. Mar. Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, MockrForp, E. L. 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 2, pp. 77-95, 1965. South African Psocoptera from ter- 22 figs., pls. 3-19. mite nests. Ent. News, vol. 76, No. 7, Mumrorp, B. C. pp. 169-176, 7 figs. July. 1964. List of intercepted plant pests, 1963. Moore, A. D. U.S. Dept. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., 1964. DDT and DDE residues in soil at Plant Quarantine Div., pp. 1-76. April. the Beltsville, Md., aerial test circle in 1965. Idem, 1964, Loc. cit., pp. 1-76. April. 1963. U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note 1966. Idem, 1965, Loc. cit., pp. 1-88. March. WO.-4, pp. 1-3. Mar. Nakajima, S., SHrmizu, K., and Nakajima, Moors, B. P. 1962. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. 1962. [Studies on termite earth and ter- Res. Org., Australia, Div. Ent., 1961- mite runways of the Formosan termite, 1962 Ann. Rep., Biochemical studies Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki.| (In on termites, pp. 13-15, photo. no. 5. Japanese.) Bull. Faculty Agric., Univ. Canberra. Miyazaki, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 59-74, 1962a. Coumarin-like substances from 1 fig., 17 tables. Dec. (English sum- Australian termites. Nature [London], mary.) vol. 195, No. 4846, pp. r1or-r102. 1963. [Studies on the biological influence Sept. 15. of the termites exposed to Co” gamma 1963. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. source. 1.] (In Japanese.) Loc. cit., Res. Org. Australia, Div. Ent., 1962- vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 340-346. Mar. 1963 Ann. Rep., Biochemical studies on termites, pp. 12-13. Canberra. 1964. [Analytical studies on the vitality 1964. Volatile terpenes from Nasutitermes of colonies of the Formosan termite soldiers. (Isoptera, Termitidae.) Journ. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Two Insect Physiology, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. seasonal fluctuations on the external 371-375, 1 fig., 1 table. Apr. characters of the workers, the ratio 1965. In Commonwealth Sci. and Indus. of caste-member and carbon dioxide Res. Org. Australia, Div. Ent., 1964- in the nest of a colony.] (In Japanese.) 136 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Loc, cit, vol. 9,..No..2,; pps.222-227. Reticulitermes lucifugus santonensts Mar. Feyt. Bull. Union Internat. Etude In- NARAYANAMURTI, D. sectes Sociaux, vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 1962. Termites and composite wood prod- 241-252, 4 figs., 1 table. Sept. ucts. Proc. Internat. Symposium on 1965a. Organogenése des nerfs et des Termites in the Humid Tropics, New trachées alaires du termite Reticull- Delhi Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO) Sect. termes lucifugus santonensis Feyt. Loc. 6, pp. 185-197, 3 figs., pls. 35-40, 17 cit. vol. XII, No. 4, pp. 309-320, 5 tables. figs., 1 table. Dec. NarAYANAMURTI, D., and Georce, J. Norrort, C. 1961. Preliminary note on the preservative 1960. South African Animal Life. Results treatment of hardboards. Svensk Pap- of the Lund University Expedition in perstidning, vol. 64, No. 18, pp. 667- 1950-1951, vol. 7, Chapter III, Isoptera, 669, 5 figs., 4 tables. Pp. 19-24. NarAYANAMURTI, D., Prasap, B. N., and (1960) 1962. Le cycle saisonnier chez les GeorcE, J. termites. XI. Internat. Kong. Entom. 1961. Protection of chipboards from fungi Wien, 17-25 Aug. 1960. Verhandl. and termites. Norsk. Skogindus, vol. Band. 1. Sekt. v., pp. 583-585. 15, No. 9, pp. 375-376, 2 tables. Sept. (1960a) 1962a. L’évolution de la fauna de Oslo. termites des savanes cOtieres de Céte Nasu, L. M. d'Ivoire. Loc. cit. Sekt. VI, pp. 658-659. 1964. Termites bring down the house. The 1963. Isoptéres (Termites). Encyclopédie Catholic Digest, vol. 28, No: 8, pp. 94- de la Pléiade. Zoologie vol. 2 Les 96, 1 fig. June. Arthropodes, pp. 636-662, 5 figs. Wet; J. Jul. Noirot, C., and Bopor, P. 1964. [The termite [Hodotermes mossam- 1964. [The flight of Allognathotermes bicus| in the Orange Free State area.] hypogeus Silv. (Isoptera, Termitidae).] (In Dutch.) Jn: Symposium on en- (In French.) C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, tomological problems 1961. South vol. 258, pp. 3357-3359. Mar. 23. Africa Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv., Tech. Norrot, C., and Norrot-TrimotueéeE, C. Commun. 12, pp. 104-110. 1963. [Cons:ruction and reconstruction of NEtson, J. A. the nest of Cubitermes fungifaber.] 1966. Half the world’s termites found in (In French.) Symposia Genetica et London, Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 2, Biologica Italica, Atti. IV Congresso p. 50, photo. Feb. U.LE.1.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1961, vol. Netson, R. H. XI, pp. 180-188, 3 figs. Dec. 14. 1965. Obituary. Costa Lima, A. da (1887- 1965. La glande sternale dans |’évolution 1964). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 58, des termites, Bull. Union Intern. Etude No. 5, p. 770, 1 fig. photo. Sept. Insectes Sociaux, vol. XII, No. 3, pp. NewsaM, A., and Rao, B. S. 265-272, 2 figs. Sept. 1963. Control of Coptotermes curvignathus 1965a. [Ultrastructure of the sternal gland Holmgren with chlorinated hydro- of the termite Calotermes flavicollis.| carbons. Proc. gth Pac. Sci. Congr., (In French.) Proc, Internat. Congr. Entomology. Dec. 1957, p. 99. Abstr. Ent. 12th Congr. London 8-16 July, Bangkok, Thailand. p. 129. New Soutu Wates, Dept. oF AGRICULTURE, Notrot-TimoTHEE, C., and Norrot, C. ENToMOoLoGYy BRANCH. 1965. L’intestin moyen chez la reine des 1964. Termite or “white ants” (Isoptera). termites supérieurs. Etude au micro- Agric. Gaz. N. S. Wales, vol. 75, No. scope electronique. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 6, pp. 1121-1122, illustr. June. et Biol. Anim., vol. 7, fasc. 1, pp. 185- FupALEWIcz-NIEMczyYkK, W. 208, illustr. Jan.-Mar. 1962. [Polymorphism of the termites, de- Notan, T. termination of the castes and establish- 1962. Faulty wiring causes fire during tarp ment of new communities.] (In fumigation. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. Polish.) Przeglad Zool., vol. 6, No. 2, 6, pp. 48, 52, 1 fig. June. Pp. 137-155, illustr. Nuttine, W. L. 1965. Ontogenése de l’innervation des 1965. Observations on the nesting site and organes sensoriels des antennes chez biology of the Arizona dampwood NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER ey) termite Zootermopsis laticeps (Banks) calamus Linn. to some grain pests and (Hodotermitidae.) Psyche, vol. 72, No. termites. Indian Journ. Ent., vol. 27, I, pp. 113-125, 3 figs., 2 tables. March.) pt. 1, Short notes pp. 114-117, 1 table. 1965a. Termites of the Southwest. P.C.O. March. News, vol. 25, No. 11, Supplement PauLiaNn, R. Arizona Pest Control, pp. 1-5, 7 figs. 1961. Faune de Madagascar. XIII. La Nov. zoogéographie de Madagascar et des O’Brien, R. E., Reep, J. K., and Fox, R. C. jles voisines, pp. 1-484, illustr. Publica- 1965. Insecticide distribution in soils follow- tion l'Institut Recherche Scientifique. ing application by soil injector rods. Tananarive-Tsimbazaza. Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 14-15, 1962. Un nouveau termite malgache. Nat. 42, 44, 2 figs., 2 tables. Feb. Malgache, vol. 13, f. unique, p. 275. Ocrea|-~Ay IR: Pawar, J. G., and Soop, N. K. 1962. Complete, modern termite fumigation 1964. When fore-armed against them,. ter- van designed by California operator mites need hold no terror for the tired of damaged and lost equipment. farmer. Indian Farming, vol. 14, No. Pest Control, vol. 30, No, 5, pp. 82, 7, pp. 17-19. Oct. 84-86, 3 figs. May. Payne, J. A., and Crosstey, D. A., Jr. Orecon, State UNiv., FEDERAL Coop. Ext. 1966. Animal species associated with pig SERV. carrion. Oak Ridge National Labora- 1962. Dampwood termite [Zootermopsis tory, ORNL-TM-1432, p. 44. angusticollis.| control. Oreg. State U. PEMBERTON, C. E. Pxt., (Ext. Circ. 7oo, pp. 16, idlustr: 1961. Important Pacific insect pests of sugar folder. Mar. cane. Abstracts of symposium papers. Ortiz Cerspepes, M. R. Zoology and Entomology toth Pac. 1964. [Wood and wood products exposed Sci. Congr. Aug. 1961. Honolulu, to termite (Calotermes chilensis) at- Hawaii, pp. 197-198. tack; durability of particle board.] 1964. Highlights in the history of entomol- (In Spanish.) Rev. el Madero, vol. 10, ogy in Hawaii 1778-1963. Pacific In- pp. 21-22. Aug. sects, vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 689-729. Dec. 30. Osman, M. F. H., and Ktort, W. 1965. Obituary. Fullaway, David Timmins. 1961. Untersuchungen zur Insektiziden (1880-1964). Proc. Hawaiian Entom. Wirkung de verschiedenen Bestandt- Soc., vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 39-45, 1 fig. eile des Giftes der Kleinen roten photo. June. Waldameise Formica polyctena Foerst. Bull. Union Internat. Etude Insectes PHELps, A. 1965. Respiration rate of the termophilic Sociaux, vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 383-395, 2 mite Thermocarus nevadiensis. Aca- figs., 5 tables. Dec. rina. Abstr. Amer. Zool., vol. 5, No. 4, PActiyay: Pp. 705. 1965. [Cyphoderus trinervoidis n. sp. a new termitophile from the Transvaal (In- Pickens, A. L. 1962. Caste in ants, bees and termites. /n: secta, Collembola.)] (In German.) Fifty-ninth annual meeting North Senckenberg Biol., vol. 46, No. 1, pp. Carolina Acad, Sci., 1962. Journ. Elisha 59-60, illustr. March 26. Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 78, No. 2, p. PasTEELs, J. M. ror, 1962. Abstr. 1965. Polyéthisme chez les ouvriers de PLATEAUX-QUENU, C. Nasutitermes lujae (Termitidae, Isop- 1961. Les sexués de remplacement chez les téres). Biologia Gabonica, vol. 1, fasc. insectes sociaux. Ann Biol., ser. 3, vol. 2, pp. 191-205, 5 figs. 37, fasc. 5-6, pp. 177-216. May-June. Pate, R. M. 1962. Effect of BHC formulation on the (Termites, pp. 178-185.) control of field termites in Gujarat. Prasuap, B., and Sen-Sarma, P. K. Proc. Internat. Symposium on _ Ter- 1959. Revision of the termite genus Nasuti- mites in the Humid Tropics, New termes Banks (Isoptera: Termitidae: Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Nasutitermitinae) from the Indian re- Sect. 6, pp. 219-221, 4 tables. gion. Indian Counc. Agric. Research Paut, C. F., Acarwat, P. N., and Ausat, A. (I.C.A.R. Monograph No, 10.23), New 1965. Toxicity of solvent extract of Acorus Delhi, pp. 1-66, illustr. 138 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1960. Revision of the termite genus Hospi- RatnaswamMy, M. C. talitermes Holmgren (Isoptera, Ter- 1961. Anatomical studies in the Italian mititidae, Nasutitermitinae) from the millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) in rela- Indian region, loc. cit., Monograph No. tion to termite resistance. Madras 10.29 June pp. 1-32, 9 figs. Agric. Journ., vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 341- PrestacE, J. J., StirFeR, E. H., and STEPHENS, 344. Sept. LB. Ratner, H. 1963. Thin-walled sensory pegs on the an- 1963. Spot and stop moisture conditions; tenna of the termite worker, Reticult- avoid second-story termite attack. Pest termes flavipes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Control, vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 38, 40, 42, vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 874-878, 10 figs. Nov. 4 figs. July. Prota, R. Reppy, D. B. 1962. [Termite infestation in Sardinia.] 1962. Termites in relation to agriculture. (In Italian.) Boll. rst Patol. Libro, Proc. Internat. Symposium on Ter- vol. 21, Nos. 1/2, pp. 1-35, 14 figs., mites in the Humid Tropics, New 2 maps. Rome. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960. (UNESCO), Prutui, H. S., and Batra, H. N. Sect. 6, pp. 225-227. 1960. Important fruit pests of North-West REINIGER, C. H. India. Indian Council of Agric. Res., 1953. Algumas observagdes sObre os cupins New Delhi, pp. 1-113. (Termites, que atacam prédios e méveis. Bol. p. 96.) Campo, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 64, pp. Puckett, P. P. 31-22. 1965. The termite, an ancient architect. ReIscn, J. Frontiers, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 84-85, 1961. [Forest pests in Kenya (E. Africa.) ] illustr. Feb. (In German.) Anz. f Schadlingsk., vol. PuRUSHOTHAM, A. 34, No. 8, pp. 113-117. Aug. 1962. Some aspects of protection of build- RENo, J. ing materials against termites attack. 1962. Protection against termites—Houses Proc. Internat. Symposium on _ Ter- with basements. California Lumber mites in the Humid Tropics, New Merchant, vol. 40, No. 3, June 1, pp. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO) Sect. 26, 28, 1 fig. 6, pp. 237-240, 4 tables. 1962a. Protection against termites—Houses RaMacE, A. with crawl spaces. Loc. cit., vol. 41, 1964. Note on the use of ethylene dibro- No. 2, July 15, p. 30. mide for the control of termite colonies. Journ. Ent. Soc. Australia, 1962b. Protection against termites—Houses (N.S.W.) vol. 1, pp. 26-27, July 1. with slab floors. Loc. cit., vol. 41, No. RamspEN, C. B. 4, Aug. 15, pp. 32-33, figs. 13-14. 1962. Waterlogged soil created pressure 1962c. Protection against termites, pp. 1-4, problems under slab of office vault. 4 figs. Pacific Lumber Co., Chicago, Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 48, 50. Il. July. Rescia, G. RANAWEERA, J. W. 1960. [Kalotermes flavicollis in nests treated 1962. Termites on Ceylon tea estates. Tea with gamma BHC.] (In Italian.) Boll. Res. Inst. Tea Quart., vol. 33, Pt. 2, 1st Pat. Libro, vol. 19, fasc. 3-4, pp. 89- pp. 88-103, illustr. June. 109, 8 figs. Rome. Rao, D. S. 1960a. [K. flavicollis on sheets of glass 1958. Hazards to potato crop in the soil. sprayed with gamma BHC.] (In Mysore Agric. Journ., vol. 33, No. 4, Italian.) Loc. cit., pp. 115-135, 4 figs. pp. 200-201, illustr. 1960b. [A note on treatment of K. flavi- Rao, K. P. collis with orthodichlorobenzene.] (In 1962. Occurrence of enzymes for protein Italian.) Loc. cit., pp. 141-145. digestion in the termite Heterotermes 1963. [Conservative treatment of relics in indicola. Proc. Internat. Symposium on the Garibaldi House with Xylamon. Termites in the Humid Tropics, New (Isoptera, Fungi.)] (In Italian) Loc. Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), cit., vol. 22, fasc. 1-4, pp. 123-133. Sect. 2 Physiology and Development, Rescia, G., and Bonaventura, G. pp. 71-72, 1 table. 1961. [New foci of termite infestation.] NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 139 (In Italian.) Boll. 1st. Patol. Libro, vol. termites. Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 58, pts. 3 20, Nos. 3-4, p. 260. and 4, pp. 131-150, 2 figs., 4 pls. 1 table. Reyno.ps, W. B., Jr. Dec. 1963. Human infection with termites. 1964. Termite measurements and indices.— Journ. Amer. Medical Assoc., vol. 186, In Etudes sur les termites Africains No. 4, Oct. 26, p. 426. UNESCO, Léopoldville (Univ. Lo- Riceree: vanium), pp. 69-75. 1961. [On a new termite focus of infesta- Roonwat, M. L., and Boss, G. tion in the Ministry of Public Instruc- 1961. A redescription of the Indian termite tion.} (In Italian.) Boll. rst Patol. Odontotermes bellahunisensis Holmg. Libro, vol. 20, Nos. 3-4, pp. 260-262. and Holmg. with description of a new Illustr. subspecies from Rajasthan. Journ. Bom- 1961a. [Termite infestation in the Oratorio bay Natur. Hist..Soc., vol. 58, No. 3, del Caravita.] (In Italian.) Loc. cit., pp. 580-594, 2 pls., 2 text figs., 5 tables. vol. 20, Nos. 3-4, pp. 262-263. Illustr. Dec. Ricuarp, G. 1962. An African genus, Psammotermes, 1963. Le systéme nerveux des termites— in Indian termite fauna, with fuller Contribution a l'étude de son onto- description of P. rajasthanicus from genése post embryonnaire. Symposia Rajasthan, India. Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV Soe ptsaes and 4.pp. W5l-156 02 tgs. Congr. ULE US:—Pavia, 9214 Sett- 2 pls., 2 tables. Dec. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 157-174. Dec. 14. 1964. Termite fauna of Rajasthan, India. RicHmonp, E. A. Zoologica, Stuttgart, vol. 40 (Lief. 3), 1962. The fauna and flora of Horn Island, [Heft 113], VI+58 pp. 5 pls. 24 Mississippi. Gulf Coast Research Lab- text figs., 8 tables. oratory, Gulf Research Reports, vol. 1, Roonwat, M. L., and CuHatrerjeE, P. N. No. 2, pp. 59-106, 27 figs. Ocean 1961. Control of the mound-building ter- Springs, Miss. April (Termites, p. 77.) mite (Odontotermes obesus) in India Ritey, N. D. with chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc. 1962. Review. Termites; their recognition Indian Forest Rec., vol. 10, No. 4, pp. and control. W. V. Harris 1961 Long- 67-78, 4 pls., tables 2. Entomology 1960. mans, London, pp. 1-187, illustr. Na- Delhi 1961. ture (London), vol. 193, No. 4819, pp. 1962. Destruction of colonies of mound- 916-917. March to. building termites in India. Proc, In- Ritter, H. ternat. Symposium on Termites in the 1964. Defense of mate and mating chamber Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, in a wood roach [Cryptocercus punctu- 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 6, pp. 211-212. latus|. Science, vol. 143, No. 3613, pp. Roonwat, M. L., Cuatreryee, P. N., and 1459-1460. Mar. 27. Tuapa, R. S. Ronpenporr, B. B. (Ed.) 1961. Experiments for the control of sub- 1962. [Fundamentals of paleontology. A terranean termites—surface treatment manual for paleontologists and geolo- of timber, soil poisoning and mud- gists, vol. 9, pp. 560, illustr. Moscow. | wall poisoning. India Forest Rec. (In Russian.) Entomology, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 79- Roonwat, M. L. 116, illustr. 1962. Address by the president. Sect. I. 1962. Recent results of work on the pro- Systematics and morphology. Proc. tection of timber against subterranean Internat. Symposium on Termites in termites in India. Proc. Internat. Sym- the Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. posium on Termites in the Humid 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), pp. 9-16. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 1962a. Recent developments in _ termite (UNESCO), Sect. 6, pp. 183-184, pl. systematics. Loc. cit., Sect. I, pp. 31-50, 34, 2 tables. 3 figs., pls. 1-2. 1962a. Anti-termites characteristics of a 1962b. Biology and ecology of Oriental new synthetic fiber cloth, PAN. Indian termites. No. 5. Mound structure, nest Forest Bull. Entomology, vol. 237, and moisture-content of fungus combs (n. ser.) pp. 1-3. in Odontotermes obesus, with a discus- Roonwat, M. L., and Cuuorant, O. B. sion on the association of fungi with 1961. The more important wood-destroy- 140 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 ing termites of India. Proc. of Sym- 1962. Some recent zoogeographical find- posium on Timber and Allied Prod- ings in Indian termites. Proc. Internat. ucts, New Delhi, May 1959, pp. 89-96. Symposium on Termites in the Humid Dec. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 1962. A new species and a new subspecies (UNESCO) Sect. 1, pp. 51-54, 3 figs. of the termite Speculitermes (Termiti- RoonwaL, M. L., and Guua-Roy, S. dae, Amitermitinae) from India. Zoo- 1965. Growth-changes, variability and in- log. Anzeig., vol. 168, Heft 1-4, pp. terrelationship of dimensional com- 57-63, 2 pls. 1 table. Jan.-Feb. ponents in mounds of the termite 1962a. The termite Macrotermes gilvus Odontotermes obesus in India. Proc. malayanus (Haviland) (Termitidae) Nat. Inst. Sci. India, vol. 30, B, No. 2, in Burma. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, April 26, 1964, pp. 114-129, pl. XIV, vol. 27, B. No. 5, 1961, pp. 308-316, 10 text figs., 3 tables. Issued separately 4 figs., 2 pls., 2 tables. Separate March Feb. 5, 1965. 20, 1962. Roonwat, M. L., and Marti, P. K. 1962b. Termite fauna of Assam region, 1965. First record of termite genus Post- Eastern India. Loc. cit., vol. 28 B, No. electrotermes (Kalotermitidae) from 4, 1962, pp. 281-406, map, 25 figs., India, with description of a new spe- 26 pls., 14 tables. Aug. 26. cies. Indian Journ. Ent., vol. 27, pt. 1962c. The mound of the termite Odonto- III, pp. 255-261, 2 figs., 2 tables. Sept. termes feae in India. Proc. 2nd All- Roonwat, M. L., and SEn-SarMa, P. K. India Congr. Zool. Varanasi: Oct. 15- 1960. Contributions to the systematics of 21, 1962, Cuttack. (Abstr.), p. 85. Oriental termites. | Entomological 1962d. Indian species of termite genus Monographs—No. 1. Indian Counc. Coptotermes Ind. Counc. Agric. Res. Agric. Res. New Delhi, pp. 1-420, 65 Entom. Monogr. No. 2, 115 pp., 18 pls. pls., 46 text figs. Nov. New Delhi. Roonwar, M. L., and TuHaxur, M. L. 1962e. A new Neotropical element (Anoplo- 1963. Two new species of termites (Rhino- termes) in the Indian termite fauna, termitidae). Prorhinotermes shiva and with fuller description of A. shillon- Schedorhinotermes tiwartt from the gensis from Assam. Rec. Ind. Mus., Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal.) vol. 58, pts. 3 and 4, pp. 159-168a, Indian Journ. Agric. Sci., vol. 33, 2 figs., (maps), 1 pl., 3 tab. No. 2, pp. 102-117, 8 figs., 2 tables. 1963. Termite “Odontotermes obesus (Ram- June. bur)”: royal chamber with four RoorkKEE, CENTRAL BuiLtpING RESEARCH queens and two kings. Journ. Bombay INSTITUTE. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 975- 1965. News and Notes. Termite control 976, 2 pls. Dec. March 1963. measures in building construction. 1963a. Discovery of termite genus Pro- Indian Forest., vol. 91, No. 9, pp. 686- cryptotermes (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) 687. Sept. from Indo-Malayan Region, with a Ross, D. J. W. new species from India. Biol. Zentbl., 1963. Pests of maize and other cultivated vol. 82, Heft 3, pp. 265-273, 1 fig., 1 pl., crops in the Rhodesias. Fed. Min. 4 tables. May-June. Agric. Rhodesia Bull. 2163. 1964. Systematics of Oriental termites No. Rose, M., Arces, P. J. D’., and Mazzetra, O. 7. A new termite, Odontotermes 1960. [Histo-chemical researches on the mathadi from India and the imago trophozoite adult of Joenia annectens, of O. meturensis R. and C. (Isoptera: a joeniid flagellate symbiont of the Termitidae.) Beitrage zur Entomologie, termite Calotermes flavicollis.| (In vol. 14, Heft 1/2, pp. 45-52, 1 fig., pl. 1, French.) Algeria. Ecole Nat. Agric. figs. a-i, 2 tables. Berlin. March. Alger. Ann. 2, No. 4, pp. 1-39. Nov. 1964a. Systematics of Oriental termites. Ross, G. M. No. 8. Two new species of Speculi- 1962. How we fumigated the schooner termes from India. Indian Journ. Agric. Carrie Bernice. Pest Control, vol. 30, Sci., vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 120-130, 5 figs., No. 4, pp. 60, 62. April. 2 tables. June. Rotn, L. M., and Wirtis, E. R. Roonwat, M. L., Cunotani, O. B., and 1960. The biotic associations of cockroaches, Boss, G. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 141 NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER I4I (whole vol.), Public. 4422. Dec. 2. 1964. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 18, No. 4, pp. Termites as commensal hosts of cock- 113-116. Aug. roaches, pp. 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 316, Rupnev, D. F. 317; 320. 1963. Die Termiten und ihre Bekampfung Rozanov, B. G. in der Ukraine. Symposia Genetica et 1963. [Termites of tropical Burma.] (In Biologica Italica. Atti IV Congr. Russian.) Priro da (Moscow), vol. 9, UJ.E.1.S.—Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1961. vol. pp. 63-67. XI, pp. 127-131. Dec. 14. Rupakova, A. K. Rut, D. 1962. 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Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. Suppl. 4, animal.} (In German.) Symposia pp. 1-172, 32 maps, 496 figs. Oct. Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV 1965c. A new species of Mimeutermes Congr. U.I.E.I.S.—Pavia 9-14 Sett. 1961, Silvestri and the imago of Nasut- vol. XI, pp. 20-23. Dec. 14. termes diabolus (Sjostedt) from Africa. ScumipT, R. S. (Isoptera: Nasutitermitinae.) Proc. 1960. Functions of Apicotermes nests. Bull. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 34, Union Internat’l. Etude — Insectes pts. 9-10, pp. 132-136, figs. 1-11. Oct. 22. Sociaux, vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 357-368, 1 1965d. Termite distribution in man-modi- fig., 1 table. Dec. fied habitats in West Africa, with spe- 1964. Apicotermes nests. Amer. Zool., vol. cial reference to species segregation in 4, No. 2, pp. 221-225, illustr. May. the genus Trinervitermes (Isoptera, ScHMUTTERER, H. Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae.) Journ. 1961. [Combatting several important pests Anim. Ecology, vol. 34, pp. 557-571, and diseases in the Sudan by means 7 tables. Oct. of seed treatment.] (In German.) SANKARAN, T. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh. und Pflan- 1962. Termites in relation to plant pro- zenschutz, vol. 68, pp. 479-489. tection. Proc. Internat. Symposium on ScHNEIDERMAN, H. A., and Grrsert, L. I. Termites in the Humid Tropics, New 1964. Control of growth and development Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960. (UNESCO), in insects. Science, vol. 143, No. 3604, Sect. 6, pp. 233-236, 1 table. Pp. 325-333, 1 fig., 6 tables. Jan. 24. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 143 ScHULER. S. French.) Ann. Inst. Pasteur, vol. 102 ’ 1964. The worst pet in the world. Popular No. 2, pp. 199-214. Feb. Science Monthly, vol. 184, No. 4, pp. SEIFERT, K. 124-126, 220, 224, illustr. April. 1962. Die chemische Veradnderung der ScHULTZE-DeEwiItTz, G. Holzzellwand-Komponenten unter 1960. Vergleichende Untersuchungen der dem Einfluss tierischer und _ pflanz- natiirlichen Frassresistenz einiger frem- licher Schadlinge. Holzforschung, vol. landlischer Kernholzarten unter Ver- 16, No. 6, pp. 161-168, 7 figs., 5 tables. wendung von Reticulitermes lucifugus 1963. [Chemical parallels in the decomposi- Rossi als Versuchtstier. Holzforsch. u. tion of the wood substance by or- Holzverwert, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 64- ganisms.]|_ (In German.) Holz als 68. Aug. Roh-und Werkstoff, vol. 21, pp. 85-96, 1960a. Form und Intensitat des Termi- 10 figs., 8 tables. tenangriffes [Reticulitermes lucifugus.| SEIFERT, K., and Becker, G. an Holzern verschiedener Struktur 1965. Der chemische Abbau von Laub-und und Rohdichte. Prifungen an_ ge- Nadelholzarten durch verschiedene treunten Frith-und Spatholz. Holz als Termiten. Holzforschung, vol. 19, Heft Roh-u-Werkst, vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 4, Pp. 105-111, 7 tables. Aug. 365-367. Oct. II. Prifungen mit Holz- SEMEDO, C.-M. B. ern mitvershieldener Jahrringsbreite 1961. Alguns insectos da biocenose do und vershiedenem Spatholzanteil. Loc. ulmeiro em Portugal. Brotéria, vol. 30, cit., vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 413-415. Nov. (57), Nos. 3-4, pp. 99-148, illustr. (Ter- No. 12, pp. 445-446. Dec. mites, pp. IOI, 105.) 1961. Untersuchungen uber Unterschiede in SENSKE, W. M. der Frassleistung bei Reticulitermes 1966. How we built our portable termite lucifugus Rossi und Reticulitermes colony to boost sales. Pest Control, flavipes Kollar. Holzforschu. Holz- vol. 34, No. 2, p. 24, 2 figs. Feb. verwert, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 29-31. SEN-SARMA, P. K. Apr. 1962. Some observations on swarming in 1963. [On the dependency of the result nature and colony foundation under of termite tests from the quantity of laboratory conditions in Odontotermes the test organisms.] (In German.) assmuthi (Holmgren) at Dehra Dun. Symposia Genetica et Biologica Italica (Isoptera: Termitidae.) Beitrage zur Atti IV Congr. U.I-E.1.S.—Pavia, 9-14 Entomologie, vol. 12, Nos. 3/4, pp. Sett. 1961, vol. XI, pp. 24-31, 4 figs. 292-297, 1 fig. June. Berlin. Dec. 14. 1963. Studies on the natural resistance 1965. Abhangigkeit des Versuchsergebnisses of timbers to termites. Indian Forest bei der Termitenprifung von der Bull. (n. s.) No. 220, pp. 1-10, 2 tables, Prifdauer. Beitrage zur Ent., Bd. 15, L pls Heft 1/2, pp. 127-134, 3 figs., 1 table. 1963a. Idem. III. Results of accelerated Scuwas, R. laboratory tests of 9 species of Indian 1963. South African termites. Pvakt, Schad- woods against the Mediterranean dry wood termite (yellow necked dry lingsbekampfer, vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 57- wood termite), Kalotermes flavicollis 58. May. Fabr. Holzforsch. u. Holzverwert., vol. Scotr, HH. G. 15, No. 3, pp. 51-56. July. 1961. Keys to common North American 1963b. Methods of testing termite resistance domestic termites. Pest Control, vol. of materials in European laboratories. 29, No. 9, p. 46, 48, illustr. Sept. Journ. Soc. Indian Foresters, vol. 3, Scott, K. pp. 57-65- 1964. Screwball Kalotermes P.C.O. News, 1964. The effects of temperature and rela- vol. 24, No. 1, p. 23. Jan. tive humidity on the longevity of SesaLp, M., and Prevort, A. R. pseudoworkers of Kalotermes flavi- 1962. [Studies on a new species of strict collis (Fabr.) (Isoptera) Proc., pt. B., anaerobic bacterium, Micromonospora Biol. Sci., vol. 30, Nos. 5 and 6, pp. acetoformici n. sp., isolated from the 300-314, illustr. Dec. 26. posterior intestine of Reticulitermes Sen-Sarma, P. K., and Cuarterjee, P. N. lucifugus var. santonnensis.| (In 1965. Colony foundation through substitute 144 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 reproductives in Heterotermes indicola ment Tipografico Guglielmo Genovese, (Wasmann) under laboratory condi- pp- 1-784, 93 figs., 1 map. tions (Insecta: Isoptera.) Journ. Tim- Simon, H. ber Development Assoc., Assoc., vol. 1962. Exploring the world of social insects. XI,..No, 3; pps. ‘9-11; 1 plat text fig. The Vanguard Press, Inc., New York, July. pp. 7-119 illustr. 1965a. Studies on the natural resistance SEE, L. of timbers to termite attack. 4. Qualita- 1962. Control of the giant cacao termite tive and quantitative estimation of (Neotermes sp.) Papua and New resistance of sixteen species of Indian Guinea Agric. Journ., vol. 14, No. 4, woods against Neotermes bosei Snyder Pp. 193-194, pls. 1 and 2. Port Moresby. (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) based on 1963. Insect pests of Theobroma cacao in laboratory tests. Indian Forester, vol. the Territory of Papua and New gt, No. 11, pp. 805-813. Nov. Guinea: their habits and control. Loc. SEN-SaRMA, P. K., and Matnur, R. N. cit., vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1-19, 22 figs., 1961. Trinervitermes biformis (Wasmann), T map. a mound building termite in South 1964. Insect pests of Hevea brasiliensis in India. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasuti- the territory of Papua and New termitinae.) Indian Forester, vol. 87, Guinea; their habits and control. Loc. No. 4, p. 252, illustr. Apr. cit., vol. 17, No. 1, p. 27. June. SHARMA, R. C. SmitH, B. L. 1964. Observations on some insect pests of 1965. Pre-treatment important in Midwest, jowar (Sorghum vulgare) at Ajmer too. Pest Control, vol. 33, No. 6, pp. (Rajasthan.) Madras Bul. Ent. No. 5, 40, 43-44, illustr. June. pp. 28-30. Mar. SmiTH, D. N. SHELL CHEMICAL Co., New York, N. Y. 1964. Controlling termites and preventing 1962. Shell offers termite tube pix. Pest losses in British Columbia. Can. Dept. Control, vol. 30, No. 4, p. 62. April. Forestry Publ., pp. 1-11, illustr., cover, 1963. Termites can wreck your home. Facts 2 figs., 2 tables. Ottawa. you should know about termites, SmiTH, H. M. ACD:63-4, pp. 1-11, illustr. March. 1957. Curious feeding habit of a blind SH1BAMoTO, T. snake, Leptotyphlops, Herpetologica, ~ 1962. [A proposal for the counter plan for vol. 13, No. 2, p. 102. insect attack to wood.] (In Japanese.) Smitu, M. V. Mokuzai Kogyo, vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 2-4. 1963. Social insects and the caste system. SHimizu, K. Canadian Audubon, vol. 25, No. 1, 1962. Analytical studies on the vitality of pp. 7-11, illustr. colonies of the Formosan _ termite, Smith, R. F. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. 1. 1965. The bibliography of Edward Oliver Analysis of the strength of vitality. Essig and insects named by him. Pan- Bull. Faculty Agric., Univ. Miyazaki, Pacific Entomologist, vol. 41, No. 4, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 105-110, 4 figs. Dec. pp. 235-258. 1963. Studies on the caste differentiation Situ, V. K. in termites. Japanese Journ. Applied 1961. What we still need to know about Ent. and Zool., vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 207- termites. Pest Control, vol. 29, No. 4, 213, 1 fig., tables. Sept. p. 60. April. SmitH, V. K., and Jounston, H. R. Sioviqi, Z. A., Rayani, V. G., and Srncu, 1962. Eastern subterranean termite [Re- O..P ticulitermes flavipes.| U.S. Forest Ser- 1959. Simultaneous control of sugarcane vice Forest Pest Leaflet 68, pp. 1-7, 4 termite and shoot borers through soil figs. April. application of gamma BHC liquid SMYTHE, R. V., ALLEN, T. C., and Copper, and its boosting effect on crop yield. os a Indian Journ. Sugarcane Res., vol. 3, 1965. Response of the eastern subterranean pt. 4, pp. 227-232, 2 figs. New Delhi. termite to an attractive extract from Sirvestr1, F, Lenzites trabea—invaded wood. Journ. 1959. Ricordi e itinerari scientifici, Filippo Econ. Ent. vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 420-423, Silvestri (1873-1949.) Napoli Stabili- 1 fig., 5 tables. June. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 145 SMYTHE, R. V., and Coppet, H. C. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 89, No. 1, 1964. Preliminary studies on ant-termite Mar. 1960, pp. 63-77, Feb. 20, 1962. relationships in Wisconsin, Ent. Soc. GiorDANI-SoiKa, A. Amer., Proc. No. Cent. Br., vol. 19, 1963. [Termites in Venice.] (In Italian.) 1964, pp. 133-135. Symposia Genetica et Biologica Italica. 1965. The susceptibility of Reticulitermes Atti IV Congr. U.LE.I.S.—Pavia Sett. flavipes (Kollar) and other termite 1961, vol. XI, pp. 42-46, 1 table. Dec. 14. species to an experimental preparation Sotiman, A. A. of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. 1964. Topical application of DDT and Journ. Invertebrate Pathology, vol. 7, BHC for determination of their toxicity No. 4, pp. 423-426, 3 tables. Dec. level to Hodotermes ochraceus Burm. Snoperass, R. E. in Egypt. Isoptera. Bull. Soc. Ent. 1961. Animal societies from slime molds Egypte, vol. 47, 56 Ann., pp. 305-308, to man. Ann. Rept. Smithsonian Inst. 2 tables. 1960, pp. 425-445. Sonti, V. R. Snyper, T. E. 1962. Design and application of portable 1961. Supplement to annotated, subject- pressure vacuum plants for termite- heading bibliography of termites 1955- proof timber, thatch and bamboo con- 1960. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 143, struction. Proc. Internat. Symposium No. 3. (Publication 4463.) pp. 1-137. on Termites in the Humid Tropics, Dec. 29. New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNE- 1962. Abstracts. Termite research around SCO), Sect. 6, pp. 203-204. the world. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 2, SpaetH, V. A. pp. 48, 50, photo. author. Feb. 1964. Three new species of termites from 1962a. Review. Termites; their recognition Israel. (Termitidae, Amitermitinae) and control. W. V. Harris 1961, Long- Israel Journ. Zool., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. mans, London, pp. 1-187, illustr. Bull. 27-33, illustr. April. Ent, Soc. Amer., vol. 8, No. I, p. 50. Spear, P. J. March. 1962. New product development for and 1963a. Review. The insect factor in wood by the pest control industry. Proc. 48th decay. Hickin, N. E. Hutchison and Mid-Year Meeting Chemical Specialties Co., London and New York, 1963, Manufacturers Assoc., Inc., 50 E. 41 pp. 1-336, 263 figs., 2 col. pls. Proc. St., New York 17, N. Y., reprint pp. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 65, No. I, p. 13. 1-3: (March) April. 1966. Legal value of inspection reports and 1963b. The foundation of new termite changes in FHA standards at Purdue. colonies by supplementary reproduc- Pest Control, vol. 34, No. 3, p. 80. tives of species of Reticulitermes. Sym- March. posia Genetica et Biologica Italica, SPENCER, G. J. vol. 11, pp. 175-179. Atti IV Congr. 1963. Termites in the Queen Charlotte U.LE.1.S—Pavia, 9-14 Sept. 1961. Islands. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, vol. Dec. 14. 60, p. 18. Dec. 1. 1965. Our native termites. General Ap- SPRINGHETTI, A. pendix Annual Report Smithsonian 1963. Obituary. Jucci, Carlo (1897-1962). Institution 1964, pp. 497-506, 1 fig. Bull. Union Internat. Etude Insectes Dec. 30. Sociaux, vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 391-393, 1966. Termite stowaways intercepted 1962 1 fig. photo. Dec. to 1966, P.C.O. News, vol. 26, No. 4, 1963a. Anomalie morfologiche nel Kalo- p. 73. April. termes flavicollis Fabr. Boll. Soc. 1966a. Review. The termites of the United States. A handbook. F. M. Weesner Entom. Italiana, vol. 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Sulla formazione di oociti nel testi- Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica colo di un soldato di Kalotermes Classis IV: Historia Naturalis et flavicollis Fabr. Symposia Genetica et Medicina VII, pp. 239-269, I map, 13 Biologica Italica, vol. IX, pp. 1-9, 6 figs., 5 tables. figs., reprint. Stuart, A. M. 1963. Sugli organi genitali maschili delle 1962. Origin of the trail in the termites Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera.) — Bull. Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) Union Internat. Etude Insectes Sociaux, and Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen), vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 143-152, 6 figs. June. Isoptera. Physiol. Zool., Chicago, IIl., 1963a. Funzionalita dell apparato genitale vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 69-84, 2 figs., 6 maschile in caste diverse di alcune tables. Jan. termiti primitive. Symposia Genetica 1963a. Studies on the communication of et Biologica Italica. Atti IV Congr. alarm in the termite Zootermopsis U.LE.1.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1961, vol. nevadensis (Hagen), Isoptera. Loc. cit., XI, pp. 311-334, 26 figs. Dec. 14. vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 85-96, 5 figs. Jan. 1964. Sull'apparato genitale maschile delle 1964. The structure and function of the Kalotermitidae e delle Termopsidae sternal gland in Zootermopsis nevaden- (Isoptera.) Symposia Genetica et Bio- sis (Isoptera) Proc. Zool. Soc. London, logica Italica, vol. 13, pp. 146-156, vol. 143, pt. 1, pp. 43-52, 5 figs. July. 15 figs. Supp, J. Srivastava, A. S., Gupta, B. P., and 1965. How insects work in groups. General Awastul, G. P. Appendix, Ann. Rep. Smithsonian In- 1962. Termites and their control. Proc. stitution 1964, pp. 489-496, 2 pls. Internat. Symposium on Termites in Dec. 30. ee Humid Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. SunpINn, B. 4-12, 1960 (UNESCO), Sect. 6, pp. 1963. Fumigation reporting regulations. Mi 242, 1 table. P.C.O. News, vol. 23, No. 10, pp. Sroue W. J., and Hayes, W. J. 12-13. Oct. 1964. Health survey of pest control opera- SunpbLor, W. A. tors. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 1964. Modern building codes accept fire vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 549-555. August. retardant treated wood. Wood Pre- STEINBERG, D. M. serving News, vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 11-15, 1962. [Termites of U.S.S.R. and the level 17-18, illustr. Sept. of their study. Im termites and their Swan, L. A. method of control. First all union 1964. Beneficial insects. Harper and Row. conference for the study of the ter- New York, pp. i-xvii, 1-429, illustr. mites of U.S.S.R. and elaboration of (Termites, pp. 4, 97, 240.) the control measures. Ashkhabad Oct. Sweeney, R. C. H 17-20, 1960.] (In Russian.) Institute 1961. Insect pests of stored products in of Zoology and Parasitology, Acad. Nyasaland, Umtale, S. Rhodesia, pp. of Sci. of Turkmenia S.S.R., pp. 11-16. 1962a. [Physiology of the development of 1-49, illustr. the polymorphism in termites.] Loc. SweeTMAN, H. L. cit., pp. 37-48. 1965. Recognition of structural pests and Stewart, D. their damage, 371 pp., illustr. Wm. C. 1962. Precision fumigation for drywood Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. termites with Vikane. Pest ier ty Swerry i. Yous see; Yous. Wy: vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 24, 26, 28, 2 figs., Szent-Ivany, J. J. H. 5 tables. Feb. 1961. Insect pests of Theobroma cacao in Stewart, D. and Meike, R. W. the Territory of Papua and New 1964. Post-f umigation aeration of Vikane Guinea Agric. Journ. vol. 13, No. 4, pp. [in buildings, termite infestation.] 127-147, illustr. Mar. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 147 1964. Further records of insect pests of Dryers’ and Preservers’ Assoc. India, Theobroma cacao in the Territory of vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 10-13, 2 tables. July. Papua and New Guinea. Loc. cit., vol. THEDEN, G., and Becker, G. 16, No. 1 pp. 37-43. June. 1961. 3-10 Priifung auf Verhalten gegen TamMpsiyn, N. E. Organismen. Nitsche/Wolf Kunst- 1960. The importance of preservative treat- stoffe, vol. 2, pp. 376-409, 19 figs., ments in hardwood _ utilization. 4 tables. Australian Timber Journ., vol. 26, No. Tuomas, A. S. 5, pp. 27 et. seq. 1962. Ant hills and termite mounds in 1962. Preservation of hardwood building pastures. Journ. Brit. Grassland Soc., timbers with special reference to vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 103-108, illustr. tropical countries. United Nations. Tuomas, E. D. Conf. Appli. Sci. and Technol. Benefit 1964. Cryptotermes brevis: Control by Less Developed Areas. [Working methyl bromide. Jn: Symposium on Papers Agric.], vol. 7, No. 316, pp. entomological problems, 1961. S. Africa 1-4. Oct. 18, 1962. (E/CONF. 39/C/ Dep. Agric. Tech. Serv., Tech. Com- 316.) mun, 12, pp. 56-61, 1964. 1962a. Some current trends and problems Tuomas, R. T. S. in wood preservation in Australia. 1962. Enkele aantekeningen over het voor- Australian Timber Journ., vol. 28, No. komen van Coptotermes hyaloapex II, pp. 79-89. Holmgr. (Rhinotermitidae) in Neder- Tane, ©. and Lr, S. lands Nieuw Guinea. Ent. Ber., vol. 1960. [Notes on the types of the reproduc- 22, No. 3, Mar. 1, pp. 57-58, illustr. tive castes of subterranean termites THuRMAN, E. B. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and 1963. Obituary. Snodgrass, Robert E. (1875- Reticulitermes flaviceps Oshima (Isop- 1962.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 64, tera, Rhinotermitidae).] (In Chinese.) No. 4, pp. 213-216, photo. Dec. 1962. Acta Ent. Sinica, vol. 10, Nos. 1/3, Tietz, H. M. pp. 302-306. 1963. Illustrated keys to the families of Trotia, T. P. S., Gupa, K. M., Rayant, V. G., North American insects. Burgess Pub- and Sacar, G. lishing Co., Minneapolis, pp. 1-206. 1963. Effective control of termites and (Isoptera p. 116.) shoot borers through soil application Tomov, A. of heptachlor in sugarcane crop. Indian 1962. [Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides Journ. Sugarcane Res., vol. 7, pt. 4, from biological and toxicological point pp. 203-211. New Delhi. of view.] Priorda (Sofia), vol. 3, pp. Trot, T. P. S., Rayani, V. G., and 67-70. Sacar, G. TownsEnp, R. F. 1963. Additional findings on the use of 1964. A western utility’s experience with gamma BHC against termites and treated wood, including termite attack. shoot borers in sugarcane crop in Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journ. Sugar- vol. 60, pp. 13-19. cane Res., vol. 8, pt. 1, pp. 33-38. TRUCKENBRODT, W. TEssIER, F. 1964. Zytologische und _ entwicklungs 1959. Termiti¢res fossiles dans la latérite physiologische Untersuchungen am de Dakar (Sénégal) Remarques sur besamten und am parthenogenetischen les structures latéritiques. Univ. Dakar Ei von Kalotermes flavicollis Fabr. Ann. Faculté Sci. Année 1959, vol. 4, Reifung, Furchungsablauf und Bildung pp. 91-132, 12 figs., 5 pls. der Keimanlage. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. 1959a. [The laterite of the Manuel cape at Anat. u. Ontog. Tiere, vol. 81, H. 3, Dakar and its fossil termitaria.] (In pp. 359-434, illustr. June 30. French.) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. Truman, L. C. 248, pp. 3320-3322. 1962. Subterranean termites. Lesson No. 13. Tewarl, M. C. Purdue Univ. Correspondence Course 1961. A note on the chemical analysis of in Pest Control Technology. Pest Con- Ascu treated timber after more than trol, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 27-34, figs. twenty years of service. Journ. Timber 13-A-13H. Jan. 148 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1962a, Non-subterranean termites and other U.S. Dept. AcGricuLTURE, Forest SERVICE. wood-destroying organisms. Lesson 1961. Soil treatment, an aid in termite No. 14. Loc. cit., vol. 30, No. 2, pp. control. Leaflet 324, pp. 1-8, folder, 39-46, figs. 14-A-14N. Feb. slightly revised. Dec. Tsat, Panc-Hwa, and CuHen, Ninc-SHENG. U.S. Dept. Acricutture, PLant Pest Con- 1963. [New termites from South China.] TROL Div. (In Chinese.) Acta Ent. Sinica, vol. 1962. Man, Animal, Household insects. 12, No. 2, pp. 167-198, 30 figs. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep., vol 12, No. 4, 1964. [Problems on the classification and p. 47. Jan. 26. fauna of termites in China.] (In Ibid. Miscel. Ins., pp. 53, 54. Chinese.), Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1962a. Household and Structural insects. 25-37. Jan. Loch -eit.,|: vole iaz0 No! o22p4p.. 20%. Tsat, PANc-Hwa, CHEN, Ninc-SHENG, CHEN, Mar. 23. An-Kuo, and CHEN, CnHiH-Hwet. 1962b. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 12, No. 1965. [Architecture and development of 39, p. 1053; Household and Structural the termitarium of Odontotermes (O.) insects, p. 1063. Sept. 28. formosanus Shiraki.] (In Chinese.) 1962c. Household and Structural insects. Acta Ent. Sinica, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 53- Loc. cit, vol... 12; Noseg5,. .prosrz2. 70, 6 figs., Jan. Peking. Nov. 9. 1962d. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 12, No. 48, p. 1965a. [The activity of Odontotermes (O.) 1217. Nov. 30. formosanus Shiraki on the ground of 1962e. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 12, No. 50, p. Yangtse-dike and its relation to the 12521Dec. 5A, nest.] (In Chinese.) Loc. cit., vol. 14, 1962f. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 12, No. 50, p. No. 2, pp. 128-139, 4 figs. March. 1252. Dec. 14. TsveTKova, V. P. 1963. Summary insect conditions Republic 1950. [Fighting termites by building con- of the Sudan. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 5, struction.] (In Russian.) Priroda No. p. 79, p. 80. Feb. 1. T, pp. 95-96, 3 figs. Jan. 30. 1963a. Summary insect conditions Ethiopia. 1963. [Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi in the Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 5, p. 83. Feb. 1. south of Ukraine.] (In Russian.) Akad. 1963b. Household and Structural insects. Nauk Turkmensk. S.S.R.: Ashkhabad. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 8, p. 119. Feb, 22. 28-36, 1962; Referat. Zhur., Biol., 1963, 1963c. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 13, p. No. 8E 228. 310. Mar. 29. Turner, N. 1963d. Idem. Miscel. insects. Loc. cit., vol. 1961. Termites in buildings. Conn, Agric. 13, No. 20, p. 533. May 17. Expt. Sta. Circ. 218, pp. 1-12. April. 1963e. Idem. Hawaiian insect notes. Loc. Uicnanco, L. B. cit., vol. 13, No. 25, p. 698. June 21. 1961. Probable relation to altitude of the 1963f. Household and Structural insects. mound-building habit of Macrotermes Loe., cit}, vol... 13;)No. ..37, 0p. 1087. (Isoptera: Termitidae) Phil. Journ. Sept. 13. Sci., vol. 90, No. 2, pp. 215-218. June. 1963g. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 38, p. UNESCO. 1120. Sept. 20. 1962. Humid tropics research. Proc. Intern. 1963h. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. Symposium on Termites in the Humid 39, p. 1142. Sept. 27. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 1963i. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 40, p. (UNESCO) 1962, pp. 1-254, frontis., 1178. Oct. 4. 50 figs., 16 pls. Oct. 17. 1963k. Household and Structural insects. Urounart, F. A. Lot: ‘cit, vol. 13,,.No:. 43, p.. 22 1965. Introducing the insect. Frederick Oct. 11. Warne and Co. Ltd., London, pp. I-X, 19631. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. cit., 1-258, figs. 153. (Termites, pp. 69-72, vol. 13, No. 43, p. 1264. Oct. 25. fig. 32.) 1963m. Miscel. insects. Loc. cit., vol. 13, U.S. Dept. AcricutturE, AGRICULTURAL ReE- No. 48, p. 1368. Nov. 29. SEARCH SERVICE. 1963n. Hawaiian insect notes. Loc. cit., vol. 1964. Safe disposal of empty pesticide con- 13, No. 51, p. 1416. Dec. 20. tainers and surplus pesticides, pp. 1-6, 1964. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. 10, p. 150. illustr. Aug. Mar. 6. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 149 1964a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. 12, p 222. 1965m. Household and Structural insects. Mar. 20. Koc. cit; vol: 15,.No. 274p. 0732: 1964b. Miscel. insects. Loc. cit., vol. 14, July 2. No. 15, p. 319. Apr. 10. 1965n. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. 1964c. Household and Structural insects. cit, vol. 15, No. 28, p. 748, July 9. Loc. (cit,..vel: a4,-Nos 16,\..p. 340. 19650. Hawaiian insect notes. Loc. cit., ADr..17. vol. 15, No. 28, p. 773. July 9. 1964d. Ornamental insects. Loc. cit., vol. 1965p. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. cit., 14, No. 16, p. 360. Apr. 17. vol. 15, No. 32, p. 884. Aug. 6. 1964e. Detection. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. 17, 1965q. Hawaiian insect notes. Loc. cit., p. 363. Apr. 24. vol. 15, No. 32, p. gor. Aug. 6. 1964f. Household and Structural insects. 1965r. Household and Structural insects. Loc, cit.) vol. 14. No-- 33, up.-i053: Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 32, pp. 907-908. Aug. 14. Aug. 6. : 1964g. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree 1965s. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 33, insects. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. 41, p. p. 944. Aug. 13. 1131. Oct. 9. 1965t. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 34, 1964h. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. p. 981. Aug. 20. 43, p. 1164. Oct. 23. 1965u. Truck Crop insects. Loc. cit., vol. 19641. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. cit., 15, No. 35, p. 1002. Aug. 27. vol. 14, No. 44, p. 1186. Oct. 30. 1965v. Household and Structural insects. 1964j. Truck Crop insects. Loc. cit., vol. 14, Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 35, p. 1015 Aug. No. 44, p. 1190. Oct. 30. a 1964k. Forest Ornamental and Shade Tree insects. Loc. cit., vol. 14, No. 44, p. 1965w. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 36, 1192. Oct. 30. p. 1050. Sept. 3. 19641. Household and Structural insects. 1965x. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Loe, cit, val. 14, No, Az. pz, 1242. insects. Loc. cit., vol. 15; No. 37, p.- Nov. 20. 1078. Sept. Io. 1965. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 1965y. Household and Structural insects. 13, p. 241. Mar. 26. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 37, p. 1080. Sept. 1965a. Household and Structural insects. 10. Highlights: Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 15, 1965z. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 37, pp. 326-327. April 9. p. 1081. Sept. ro. 1965b. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 1965a!. Stored-Product insects. Loc. cit., 16, p. 340. April 16. vol. 15, No. 37, p. 1081. Sept. ro. 1965c. Household and Structural insects. 1965bt. Household and Structural insects. Roc cl, Or 15. ING. YO, p. 347. Loc... cit) vali15,> No; 38; p:. 1105: April 16. Sept. 17. 1965d. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 17, p. 1965c!. Forest, Ornamental and Shade 388. April 23. Tree. insects: “Loc. cit!; vol. 15, Noi 1965e. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. cit., 39, p. 1125. Sept. 24. vol. 15, No. 18, p. 417. April 30. 1965d'. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. 1965f. Household and Structural insects. cit., vol. 15, No. 42, p. 1184. Oct. 15. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 19, p. 456. May 7. 1965e1. Interceptions. Loc. cit., vol. 15, 1965g. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 20, No. 44, p. 1235. Oct. 29. p. 490. May 14. 1965f!. Household and Structural insects. 1965h. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 21, Loc. cit. vol. 15, No. 45, p. 1248. p. 519. May 21. Nov. 5. 19651. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 22, 1965g'. Cereal and Forage insects. Loc. p. 555. May 28. cit., vol. 15, No. 46, p. 1264. Nov. 12. 1965j. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 23, 1965h!. Fruit insects. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. p. 586. June 4. 46, p. 1265. Nov. 12. 1965k. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 25, 1965i!. Household and Structural insects. p. 657. June 18. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 53, p. 1346. Dec. 19651. Forest Ornamental and Shade Tree 31. insects. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 25, 1965j!. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 53, p. 655. June 18. p. 1346. Dec. 31. 150 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 1966. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 2, p. 18. Utranat, J .C., and Desa1, R. N. Jan. 21. 1962. On some gregarines from the non- 1966a. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 4, p. 53. xylophagous termite. Speculitermes cy- Jan. 28. clops sinhalensis from Dharwar, India. 1966b. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 5, p. 68. Journ. Animal Morphol. and Physiol., Feb. 4. vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 97-109, illustr. Dec. 1966c. Summary Insect Conditions in 1963. Metaclevelandella termitis, a new Hawaii, 1965. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 5, genus and species of heterotrichous p. 73. Feb. 4. ciliate (family Clevelandellidae) found 1966d. Small grain insects, highlights. Loc. in the Indian termite Capritermes cit., vol. 16, No. 6, p. 96. Feb. 11. incola Wasm. Parasitology, vol. 53, 1966e. Insect Detection. Loc. cit., vol. 16, Nos. 1/2, pp. 39-43. May. No. 7, p. ror. Feb. 18. Urranal, J. C., and Josepn, K. J. 1966f. Household and Structural insects. 1962. Flagellate symbionts (Protozoa) of Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 8, p. 122. Feb. termites. Proc. Internat. Symposium 25. on Termites in the Humid Tropics, 1966g. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 10, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 (UNES- p. 174. Mar. 11. CO), Sect. 5, pp. 155-161. 1966h. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 11, Van Ark, H. p. 202. Mar. 18. 1961. Harvester termite [Hodotermes 19661. Ornamentals. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. mossambicus| control in the Karoo. 12, p. 222. Mar. 25. Farming South Africa, vol. 37, No. 7, 1966). Households and Structures. Loc. cit., pp. 46-48. Oct. vol. 16, No. 12, p. 223. Mar. 25. 1964. ’n oorsig van die insekte probleem 1966k. Forest and Shade Trees. Loc. cit., van die Karoo. South Africa Dept. vol. 16, No. 13, p. 246. Apr. 1 Agric. Tech. Serv. Sympos on Ent. 19661. Households and Structures. Loc. cit., Problems, July 1961. Tech. Commun. vol. 16, No. 13, pp. 246-247. Apr. 1. No. 12, 1964, pp. 121-124. 1966m. Hawaii Insect Report. Loc. cit., vol. VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN, P. H. 16, No. 14, p. 286. April 8. 1965. Tenotrombicula minteri, n.g., n. sp. 1966n. Households and Structures. Loc. cit., an interesting commensal of African vol. 16, No. 15, pp. 311, 325-326. April termites (Trombiculidae, Acarina.) ; 15. Acarologia, vol. 71 (Sup.), pp. 259-265. 19660. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 16 ’ Apr. p. 342. April 22. VeERRON, H. 1966p. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 18, 1963. Role des stimuli chimiques dans p. 394. May 6. l’attraction sociale chez Calotermes 1966q. Idem. Loc. cit., vol. 16, No. 19, p. flavicollis (Fabr.) Bull. Union Inter- 417. May 13. natl. Etude Insectes Sociaux, vol. 10, U.S. Dept. AcricuLTurE, PLANT QUARANTINE Nos. 2, 3, 4, Pp. 167-335, 90 figs., 91 Div. tables. June-December. 1962. List of intercepted plant pests, 1962, Verron, H., and Barsier, M. pp. 1-88. April. 1962. L’hexéne-3 ol-1, substance attractive U.S. Pustic HEALTH SERVICE. des termites, Calotermes flavicollis et 1965. Directory of poison control centers. Microcerotermes edentatus. C. R. Acad. U.S. Dept. Health, Education, and Sci., Paris, vol. 254, pp. 4089-4091. Welfare, Divis. of Accident Preven- June 4. tion, National Clearinghouse for Poi- Visco, H. A. son Control Centers. Public Health 1962. Principal pests of cotton in Columbia. Service Publ. 1278, pp. 1-40. Feb. Inst. Fomento Algodonero, Dept. Washington, D.C. Exper. Bol. Tech. No. 2, Bogota, pp. 1- UrTHalsip, C. 64. 1962. [Life history of termites.] (In VisHNoI, H. S. Siamese) Kesikorn, vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 1962. Musculature of a common Indian ter- 417-422. Sept. mite Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) 1962a. [Protection and _ eradication of (Isoptera, Termitidae.) Pt. 1. Cephalic ground termites.] (In Siamese.) Loc. | musculature. Bull. Ent., No. 3, pp. 13- cit., vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 493-502. Nov. 30, 5 figs. March. Madras. NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER I51 1962a. A review of the termite fauna from vigos Culturais Publ. Cult. No. 54, Delhi and its environs. Proc. Internat. Mus. Dundo, Subsid. Estud. Biol. Symposium on Termites in the Humid Lunda. Separate Lisboa. July 14. Tropics, New Delhi, Oct. 4-12, 1960 1962. Die Macrotermes-Arten Burmas. An- (UNESCO), Sect. 3, pp. 107-109. zeig fur Schadlingskunde, vol. 35, No. Vire, [2 9, PP. 129-133, 10 figs., 1 table, map. 1952. Die holzzerstorenden Insekten Mit- Sept. teleuropas. Textband, pp. 1-155, illustr. 1962a. [The significance of packaging in “Musterschmidt.” = Wissenschaftlicher the protection of products against in- Verlag. Gottingen. (Termites, pp. 127- sects.] (In German.) “Susswaren”, vol. 128.) 6, No. 18, pp. 1074-1087, 7 figs., 3 Wacner, R. E., and EBEtine, W. tables. 1964. Improvements in equipment for dust- 1962b. Auf landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- ing of voids in walls etc. P.C.O. News, feldern in Sudan schadliche Termiten vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 24-25. June. und die Beschreibung einer neuen Pseu- Warn, J. C. dacanthotermes-Art (Isoptera.) Zeit- 1962. Public acceptance of pesticides de- schr. Angew. Entom., vol. 51, No. 1, pends on safe use. Pest Control, vol. 30, pp. 86-93, 6 figs. Dec. Wonk UpPs O.nslI-12) 14-1 -pliato. 1963. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Nubien- author. Jan. Expedition 1962. Ann. Naturhistor. WaranaBeE, T., and Casipa, J. E. Mus. Wien, vol. 66, pp. 409-411. June. 1963. Response of Reticulitermes flavipes Weiser, J., and Hrpy, I. to fractions from fungus-infected wood 1962. Pyemotes-Mites as parasites of ter- and synthetic chemicals. Journ. Econ. mites. Zeitschr. Angew. Entom., vol. Ent., vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 300-307, 1 fig., 51, No. 1, pp. 94-97, 2 figs. Dec. 1 table. June. Weiss, H. B., and Carrutuers, R. H. Watson, J. P. 1937. Insect enemies of books. Bull. New 1962. The soil below a termite mound. York Public Library, reprint pp. 1-63, Journ. Soil Sci., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 46- 4 pls. Sept.-Dec. 1936. Bibliography. 51. Mar. We cu, H. E. Wess, G. C. 1965. Entomophilic nematodes. Ann. Rev. 1961. Keys to the genera of the African ter- Ent., vol. 10, pp. 275-302. mites. Ibadan. Nigeria Ibadan Univ. WENDT, H. Press, pp. 1-34, 50 figs. Nigeria. Sept. 1965. The sex life of the animals. The love Wesp, J. factory of the termites. Chap. 4, pp. 1962. TOs, researchers demonstrate termite 185-192, illustr., translated from Ger- control to public in Delaware project. man, Simon and Schuster, New York. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 84, Sept. 86, 88, illustr., Oct. West, I., and Kieinman, G. Weser, N. A. 1964. Pesticide safety record. P.C.O. News, 1964. Termite prey of some African ants. vol. 24, No. 7, p. 21. July. Entomological News, vol. 75, No. 8, Wueattey, G. A., and Harpman, J. A. pp. 197-204. Oct. 1960. The bioassay of residues of insecti- WEESNER, F. M. cides in soil. Ann. Appl. Biol., vol. 48, 1965. The termites of the United States. A PP. 423-427. handbook. National Pest Control Wuee er, G. C., and WHEELER, J. Assoc., pp. I-71, 21 figs. 3 tables. 1963. The termites of North Dakota. Journ. Dec. Kans. Ent. Soc., vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 190- 1966. The termites of the western United 193, illustr., distribution map. July 24. States. P.C.O. News, vol. 26, No. 1, Pp. 19-20, 53-56. Jan. Wuirtney, W. K. 1961. Fumigation hazards as related to the WeIpN_ER, H. 1961, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Termiten physical, chemical and biological prop- Angolas, hauptsachlich auf Grund der erties of fumigants. Pest Control, vol. Sammlungen und Beobachtungen von 29, No. 7, pp. 16-21, 1 table. July. A-de Barros Machado. (2. Beitrag), Wiese, J. H. pp. 15-76, 60 figs. Lisbon. Comp. Dia- 1964. Some biological studies on the inacti- mantes de Angola (Diamang) Ser- vation of insecticides by various soil 152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 types. So. African Journ. Agric. Sci., Wricnt, N. L. vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 823-835, illus. 1962. Some inside advice to termitemen WIccLEsworTH, V. B. who offer pretreatment on Veterans 1964. The life of insects. The Weidenfeld Administration financed jobs in North and Nicolson Natural History, London, Carolina. Pest Control, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 1-360, 164 figs., 36 pls. (Termites, pp. 48, 50, 52. June. pp. 71, 86, 87, 100, 117, 120, 135, 156, Wyconzinsky, P. 239-240, 244, 245, 247, 309, 310; figs. 1961. A new genus of termitophilous Atelu- 51, 80, 118, 119, 144, pl. 13.) rinae from South Africa (Thysanura: WILKINSON, W. Nicoletiidae.) Journ, Ent. Soc. South- 1962. Dispersal of alates and establishment ern Africa, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 104-109, of new colonies in Cryptotermes havi- 28 figs. May 31. landi (Sjostedt.) (Isoptera, Kalotermi- Wynicer, R. tidae.) Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 53, Pt. 2, 1962. Pests of crops in warm climates and pp. 265-286, 2 pls., 6 figs. London. their control. Acta Tropica; Suppl. 7, 1962a. The principles of termite control in pp. 1-555, illustr. (Isoptera p. 12, 457- forestry. Nairobi, Govt. Printer, pp. 1- 463.) 8. YENDOL, W. G. 1963. The alate flight and colony founda- 1965. The pathogenesis of Entomophthora. tion of Cryptotermes havilandi Sjosted. Diss. Abs. 28(8), 4881. Purdue Univ. (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae.) Symposia 1964. Feb. Genetica et Biologica Italica. Atti IV YeENDOoL, W. G., and Pascnkeg, J. D. Congr. U.I.E.1.S.—Pavia, 9-14 Sett. 1961, 1965. Pathology of an Entomophthora in- vol. XI, pp. 269-275, 1 fig. Dec. 14. fection in the eastern subterranean ter- 1964. The protection of living trees against mite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). attack by termites. Journ. East African Journ, Invertebrate Pathology, vol. 7, Agric. and Forestry, vol. 29, No. 4, No. 4, pp. 414-422, 6 figs., 2 tables. Dec. Pp- 337-339. Apr. Yoxog, Y. 1965. Termites in forest plantations. Proc. 1964. Cellulase activity in the termite Leu- XII Internat. Congr. Ent. London 1964, cotermes speratus, with new evidence Sect. 10: Forest Entomology, pp. 669- in support of a cellulase produced by 670. the termite itself. Tokyo U. Col. Gen. WituiaMs, R. M. C. Educ. Sci. Papers, vol. 14, No. 1, 1962. A correction concerning two East pp. 115-120, illustr. June. African Termitinae (Isoptera.) Proc. Yu, C. W., and Pina, C. M. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, ser. B, Taxon- 1964. [Studies on the faunal regions of omy, vol. 31, pts. 9-10, pp. 127-130, 7 Isoptera in China.] (In Chinese.) Acta figs. Nov. 20. Ent. Sinica, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 10-24, 1965. Infestation of Pinus caribaea by the map. Jan. termite Coptotermes niger Snyder. 1964a. [Systematics of Isoptera from China. Proc. XII Internat. Congr. Ent. London 1. Description of a new genus Oper- 1964. Tropical Forest Entomology, culitermes (Rhinotermitidae, Hetero- pp. 675-676. termitinae), with reference to two new 1965a. Termite infestation of pines in Bri- species and three new subspecies.] (In tish Honduras. Minister of Overseas Chinese.) Loc. cit., vol. 13, No. 3, pp. Development, Overseas Research Publi- 344-361, illustr. May. cations No. 11, pp. 1-31. Yunus, E. A. Witson, E. O. 1960. Resumé of entomological work. Fed- 1965. Chemical communication in the eration of Malaya. Rep. Seventh social insects. Science, vol. 149, No. Entomol. Conf., 6-15th July 1960, pp. 3688, pp. 1064-1071, 5 figs., 1 table. 255-260. Sept. 3. ZIMSEN, E. Wo corr, G. N. 1964. The type material of J. C. Fabricius, 1953. The residual effectiveness of insecti- Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 612-613, cides against soil inhabiting insects. termites. Shell Agric. Bull. ADB: 237 (London ZonpaG, R., and Gitmour, J. W. Agric. Dept. Bull.) No. 237, pp. 1-5. 1963. Forest pathology: Entomology, Gen- NO. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-65: AUTHORS—SNYDER 153 eral. New Zealand Forest Res. Inst. Verhandl. Band 1, Sekt, 11, pp. 393- Rept. for Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1962, publ. 395, pl. XIII, 1960. 1963, pp. 40-42. 1963. [Comparative anatomy of the brain ZuBERI, H. A. in termites in relation to polymor- 1962. Etude comparative de la structure du phism.] (In French.) Bull. Biol. France cerveau des termites. XI Internatl. et Belgique, vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 147-208, Kong. Entm. Wien 17-25 Aug. 1960 illustr. INDEX A 94; Transvaal, 31, 85, 93; Sudan, 26, 36, 38, 40, 44, 50, 93, 94, Dongola Merowe district, Acanthotermes acanthothorax, 60 38, Khartoum, Burri Woods, 76, Khartoum, turkestanicus, 19 desert, 7, Khasim El Ghirba district, 38, Tozi Acarina, mites, 4, 9, 60, 61, 85 Research Farm, 83; Tanganyika (Tanzania), Acetarson, chemical defaunation Eucryptotermes, 65, 76, 92, 93, Gombe Stream Reserve, 48, Brazil, 63 Mbeya, 83; tropical, 8, 11, 22, 35, 37, 76, 93; Acetal resin (polyoxymethylene), highly resistant Uganda, 18, 52, 92, 93; West, 5, 10, 11, 25-26, to termites, 89 7a O55) 925) 93 Nigetiay LO} 11.) 20) 47504) Aciculitermes, Northern, 61, 93, Zaria, 57 maymyoensis, N. sp., 78 Agriculture: injury to crops, Ghana, 36; termites ““Acritet 34-36”: Acrylonitrile 34%-Carbon tetra- i) AHO TO, WI Wel, Wo), Zi, BA, Bey Q7q BE Hs) chloride 66%. Acrylonitrile also called Vinyl Air conditioning, 8, 57: description of system in Cyanide or Cyano-ethelene, 49; fumigation dry- mound Macrotermes natalensis, 51; nests Macro- wood termites, Florida, 49; qualities, 49 termes led to widest distribution all African Admiral Pest Control Co., fumigation floating dry- termites, 43, 51 dock, 49 Alabama, 32, 34, 97, 100, 101: Auburn, Lee Co., Afghanistan, 103: Helmand Valley, 32; Lashkah 34: Jefferson Co., Birmingham, 52; Chambers Gah, 32 Co., 39; Clay Co., 35, 39; Coosa Co., 39; Henry Atmica, 5, 7,10, 22, 272020) 30, 435550, 55 555505 (Cm, aig Ibee (Gon, B55 BOR MWilotariN (Clon, ane 57, 60, 61, 62, 75, 76, 82, 83, 85, 93, 94: Aden northwestern counties, 39; southwestern coun- Protectorate, 82; Algeria, 62, 63, 102, 103, Béni ties, 39; western counties, 39 Abbés region, 51; Angola, 83, 94; Cameroon, Alates. See Winged. Lolodorf, 77; Congo, 41, 42, 60, 61, 62, 76, 92, Aldrex, insecticide, 14 93, 94, Camp Putnam on Epulu River, 77, 78, Alarm reactions, 8, 13, 14, 70 Leopoldville, 48, 77, Kalina Woods, 77, Mu- Aldrin; 17, 19; 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 66, 88, 80, on: kimbungu, 77, 78, Mulungu (above), Mt. conversion to dieldrin in soil, 72, 73; dust, 18, Bukulumusa, Tshibinda Forest, 78, Njili, 83; 19, 22, 26, 27; EC, emulsifiable concentrate, Ruanda-Urundi, Kakitumba, 79, Rutshuru, 78, 18, 26; granules, 71, 73; inhibition of conver- Takundi on R. Kwango, 77, Yangambi, 78; sion to dieldrin with methylenedioxyphenyl Dundo, 85, 92, Luachimo, 85; East, 5, 8, 36, synergists, sesamex most effective, 73; in mud 37> 43, 53, 83, 93, 94, Kenya, 6, 27, 38, 52, 83, slurry, 22; seed coating, 26; soil poison, 17, 19, 93, 94, Ruiru, 6; Kiambu-Ruiru area, 6; Tangan- Afi, Pbssy Filey Fel thy Meshes Wie, G4 Gee thie yika, 48, 65, 76, Mbeya, 83; East Central, toxicity, comparative, 28, 71, 86, 87 Uganda, 18, 52, 92, 93; Egypt, 68, 103; Equa- Algeria, 51, 62, 63, 102, 103 torial, Ghana, 36, 51, 93, Awura, 83, 3 mi. Alkathene, enclosure for storage plywood logs, from Larabanga, 83; Ethiopia, 93; Fernando prevents drying, 91 Poo, Basilé, 82; Gabon, 83; Ghana, 36, 51, 83, Allodontermes, 42 93; Guinea, Mamou, 78; S. Tomé, 35, 93, Binda, 82; Ivory Coast, 6, 9, 47, 52, 56, 57, 60, rhodesiensis, 85 93, Bolo forest 50 km. from Sassandra, 85, Allognathotermes hypogeus Silv., 47 Savanna region, 9, Savanna southern, 6; Allotermes, 77, 78 Katanga, 41, 93; Liberia, 7; Nigeria, 10, 11, denticulatus n. sp., 77 26, 47, 575.61, 93, 94, Port Harcourt, 17; papillifer n. sp., 77 North, 93, Tunis, Kairouan, 35, 81, 102; Nyasa- paradoxus, 77 land, Zomba, 82; Senegal, Dakar, 48, 93; South, Altitude, effect on mound building Macrotermes 8, 11, 26, 32, 43, 49, 74, 77, 85, 93, 94; gilvus Philippines, 57 Kalahari, 42, Karoo, 19, 27, 39, 40, 94, Klip- Amber: Baltic, E. Prussia, Upper Eocene, 48, 77; rand, 82, Kruger National Park, 41, 42, 76, Mexico, Chiapas, 48; Oligo-Miocene, 48 Natal, 31-32, 93; North Transvaal, 85, 94; American Museum Natural History, A.M.N.H., Orange Free State, 37, 93, Pretoria, 82, 85, 93; New York, 5, 74, 76, 78, 82, 83 Rhodesia, 38, 93, Northern, 56, 93, Southern, 52, American Wood Preservers Institute, AWPI, 88 155 156 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Amitermes, 41, 42 Arginine, 13 evuncifer, 9 Arizona, 9, 23, 99, 100: Santa Catalina Moun- excellens, 56 tains, Sabino Canyon, 77; Yuma Co., 32 longignathus n. sp., 75 Arkansas, 32: Fort Smith, Sebastian Co., 53, 100; messinae, 44 northwestern, 32 sp., 39 Armed Forces Pest Control Board, 17, 98 vilis, 9, 36, 42 Army, Navy, and Air Force Military Entomology wahrmanti, 83 Operational Handbook, 17 wheeleri, 53 Army Technical Manual, 17 Amitermitinae, 74, 76, 81, 83 Arsenic trioxide, 21: glue poison, 90 Ampoulitermes n. gen., 79 Arsine gas, not produced by use white arsenic wynaadensis n. sp., 79 dust, 21 Anacanthotermes, Ash, 12 ahngerianus, 9, 30, 42 Asia, 53: central, 9, 30, 52, 103; southeast, 22, macrocephalus, 55 37, 95; southwest, 95 ochraceus, 51 Asocial, sexual males, 64 turkestanicus, 9, 21, 23, 30, 42 ATP, adenosinetri phosphate, 20 Anal liquid, 14 Attractants, termite, 3-4, 13, 23, 50: aldehydes Anatomy. See Morphology. and acids formed by Basidiomycetes, 3; brown Ancistrotermes, rot fungus culture Lenzites trabea, 3; brown rot guineensis, 50 fungus on pine, 3; Calotermes flavicollis and Andaman Islands, 80, 82, 96: Long Island (Middle Microcerotermes edentatus responded in France Andaman group), 82; North Island, 81; South to hexeéne 3-o1-1, 4; caste differences, 3-4; Andaman Island, 82 chemical synthetics, 3, 4; concentration gradient, Angulitermes, 41, 42, 76 3; control, possible value in undetermined, Ethiopian: sandwich treated fiberboard, 3; decayed wood, braunsi, 76 both feeding and orientative, 3; extracts brown elsenburgi, 76 rot fungus from infected white pine attracted frontalis, 76 Reticulitermes flavipes in Wisconsin, 3; factors nilensis n. sp., 76, 77 —light, temperature, tractional surfaces, 3, 8; truncatus, 76 Lenzites trabea pentane extracts, 3; materials Indo-Malayan, 78: with the propenyl and styryl radical as cinnamyl acutus, 76 alcohol and isosafrole, 4; olfactory perception, akhorisainensis n. sp., 76 3, 4, 5; periods of unattractiveness unexplained, dehraensis, 76 3; receptors, 3; sex, odor female abdomen, hussain, 76 Reticulitermes, 3; six ionones and _ certain obtusus, 76 camphor analogs, 4; specific, 4; steam-volatile, paanensis n. sp., 78 4; synthetic, orientative only, 3; type—ali- resimus n. sp., 78 mentary, 4, olfactive, 4 Palaearctic: Australia, 7, 8, 10, 12, 20-21, 30, 36, 37, 42, 53, quadriceps Nn. Sp., 77 59, 61, 65, 66 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 84, 85, 87, Anoplotermes, 44 88, 89, 90, 91, 92: Adelaide, 21; Canberra, 14, shillongensis, Assam, 44, 80 92, Federal Capital Territory, 77; Eastern, 62, Antennae, 3, 5, 10, 13, 55, 71: olfactory receptors, Coastal, 36; Melbourne, 66, 92; New South proven by electro-physiological methods, 46, 70 Wales, 16, 21, 24, 36, 61, 92, Bago State Forest, The Antimite Co., St. Louis, Mo., 22: 17 points 36, Braidwood, 72, Riverina, 72, 73, Sutton, for efficient control subterranean termites, 22; 72; Pine Creek State Forest, Coffs’ Harbour, 61, comments by Ken Smith, Los Angeles, Calif., 22 84; Queensland, 10, 37, 105, Eastern, 36, Ants, 9, 10, 61, 62, 76: Reticulitermes flavipes Rollingstone, 89, 90; Victoria, 37; Western, 36, associated with, Wisconsin, 10 Murchison River Basin, 36, Perth, 20-21 Apicotermes, 5, 41, 42 Australian Zoogeographical region, 92 arquiert, 9, 57 Austria, 17, 102: control by atomic wastes, 23 nests, 6, 57 occultus, 57 B South Africa distribution map, 42 sp. 42 Bacteria, 4-5, 50, 62, 64: anaerobic, sulfate re- Architect, termite an ancient, 57 ducing, in fungus garden Odontotermes obesus Architectural art, secrets of, 56 and guts workers, in soldiers and nymphs not NO.3 INDEX 157 sulfate reducing, 4, 50; Bacillus thuringiensis, 5; dust, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; gamma, BHC, 25, 26, bactericides, 59; microbial flora in intestines ter- B15 305 475 7h, 7250735) Com eranuless 71s in- mites, digest cellulose in higher termites, 4, 50; secticide, Italy, 47; soil poison, 22, 23, 24, 25, Micromonospora acetoformici, anaerobic, in 26, 31, 71, 72, 73 posterior intestine Reticulitermes lucifugus var. Bibliography, 5, 22, 27, 72, 85, 88: control, Italy, santonnensis, 4; Serratia kill termites, 4, 9; 5: damage, Italy, 5; effects termites on soil, 5, spore solution Serratia marcescens potential 56; E. O. Essig, 5; F. Silvestri, 5; termite, method control, 4 world, 5, 80 Bacteriocytes, 8 Bicornitermes n. gen., 77, 78 Bagasse, sprinkle bales with boric acid to prevent bicornis n. sp., 77 termite attack, g1 emersoni, N. sp., 77 Balearic Isles, 9 Bid, termite control, how to justify, 22 Barriers, 25: chemical, 20, 25, 27; physical, 21, Bifiditermes n. gen., 77, 78 41; fixed, water-vapor, 15; asphalt emulsion beesoni, 19 with toxicant, 15; film of plastic and water- madagascariensis, 77 soluble paste with toxicant, 15; polyethylene- South Africa distribution map, 42 backed, paper felt with toxicant, fungicide, and Bioassay, 12, 25-26, 71, 72, 74 oil impregnated in material, 15 Biociation, woodland, 8 Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, 62, Biography, 5-6: Emerson, Dr. A. E., 5; Harris, 79, 101 Dr. W. W., 6 Basidiomycetes, 3, 58 Biology, Ecology, 5, 6-11, 17, 68: Africa, 6, 7, 30, Basidentitermes, Al 703) 02, bast oon SOUthy Seo Sudane demoulini, n. sp., 76 desert, 7, West, 10, 11; alarm reactions, 8, 13, Baucaliotermes n. gen., 82 14, 70; America, tropics, 56; Asia, central, 51; hainesi (Fuller) in-comb., 82 Australia, 59, 70; Burma, 10, China, 6, 7; cycle, Baxco-Pyresote, 11 seasonal, Ivory Coast, 6; dual, in termites, Bees, 9, 10, 69 individual, colony, 8; Europe, 77, 88; experi- Beesonitermes n. gen., 76 mental, 7; France, 7; Hawaii, 5, 6; India, 6, topslipensis n. sp., 76 10, 56, Dehra Dun, 9, 10, study of needed, 24; Behavior, 5, 9, 10, 11, 30: alimentary exchanges, Japan, 64; laboratory studies, 6, 9, 10, 19, 40, 4; cooperation in nest building, 5; courtship, 6, magnetotaxis, 6; Mexico, 6; parthenogenesis, 6, tandem, 3; Cryptotermes brevis, 5; Crypto- 7, 10, 14, 28; Philippines, 57; Portugal, 10; termes havilandi, 11; defense, 10; ecological research recent, summary, 8, 10; South America, concept of species and its premature applica- 76; Spain, 9; Thailand, 11; United States, tion to the taxonomy of Apicotermes, 5; forag- Arizona, 9, California, 8, 10, 11, Eastern, 10, ing, 5; fighting, differs with type soldier mandi- Florida, 9, Nebraska, 7, Southwest, 9, Wiscon- ble, 5, 55; homeostatic regulation of, 12; in- sin, 7, 10, tubing, 7, 10; weight load, foraging heritance patterns, 8; mass exodus from nest, 8; individuals, 8: Zootermopsis angusticollis, photo- sex-related, 4, 10; travel through voids from graphs, 8 timber to timber by use of adhesive pellets, 10; Blattaria, closely allied to Isoptera, 45 Trinervitermes spp., 5: workers different stages Blattoidea, 70 Nasutitermes lujae, 5; Zootermopsis angusti- Bolivia, 101: Beni Province, Cachuela Esperanza, collis vibration or jerking, oscillatory move- 85 ments, 5 Borneo, 37: North, 79; Sarawak, 79, 81 Bellicositermes-Macrotermes, Brazil, 14, 31, 42, 54, 50, 62, 67, 76, 85, 107: bellicosus, 60, 76 Corumba, 77; Fonseca, Minas Gerais, 48; list nests, 56 termites of, 44, 56; Matto Grosso, Cuyaba, jeanneli, 76 Coxipo, 85; Morumbia (Sao Paulo, S.P.), 75; rex n. subsp., 56, 76 Novo Horizonte, 76; Rio de Janeiro State, Ilha goliath, 76 Grande, 77, 79; Sao Paulo, State, 19, Sao natalensis, 7, 9, 61, 62 Paulo, 35, 76 damage by, 30 Britain, 49, 53, 54, 65, 68, 102, 103 nests, 9, 56 British Guiana, 5, 76, 101: Itabu Creek, 76; North regression of, 9 Rupununi Savanna, 56 rex, British Honduras, 37, 40, 50, 102 pedogenetic development mounds, 51 British Museum (Nat. Hist.), B.M. (N.H.), Benzene hexachloride, BHC, gamma (HCH), London, 6, 76, 77, 82, 83 gammexane, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 47, 68, 90, 91: Bruce-Terminix $5000 Protection Contract, 11, 23 325-491 O - 68 - 11 158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Building boards particle, fiber, wood wool: wood Pomona, 11; Sacramento, Sacramento Co., 33, preservative treatment, 87-92 35; Structural Pest Control Board, 18-19, 28, 29, Building codes, 11, 88 30, 54, 63, 98; Summit, Shasta Co., 39; termite Building Officials Conference of America, 11 infestation report by counties, 28, 29, 30; Wood- Building protection, 22, 26-27: sound construction, side, San Mateo Co., 38 shields (in disrepute), soil poisoning, pressure California Polytechnic Pest Control Conference, treated or naturally toxic, resistant woods, 14, 13 Ann., 11 £05,255: 2053 15 7% California Structural Pest Control Board, 18-19, Buildings, conventional, joist type, basement, 17, 63, 98: County infestation reports, 28, 29, 30; 24, crawl space, 17, 25; low subfloor clearance, history legislation 1935-1961, 63; registration 20-21; slab on ground, 17, 20, 25, 86 and licensing operators, 54; standard inspection Bulbitermes, report form, criticism, 63, support, 63; statistics, laticephalus n. sp., 75 28, 29, 30 makhamensis n. sp., 75 Calling attitude, by females after wings shed, parapusillus n. sp., 75 Odontotermes assmuthi, attraction visual not prabhae n. sp., 78 scent, 47 Bundesanstalt fiir Materialpriiting, Berlin-Dahlem, Calotermes, Germany, 88 chilensis, 62, 63, 67 Burma, 31, 52, 75, 78, 81, 83, 94, 95, 96: Hlegu favicollis, %, 4,7. 12, 03, 28s, 31,, 325425 4a Range, Insein Forest Division, 75; Hsipaw, 80; 46, 51, 55, 60, 63, 69, 90 Kaing Range, Pyinmana, 80; Maymyo, 78, 79, nests in Venice 32 80, 81; Moulemin (Lower Burma), 79; Pokabo papua, 38 Reserve (Ataram), 80; Rangoon, 80, 96; tropi- Calotermitidae, 8, 43 cal, 10; Yegaw, Pa-an, Karen State, 78 Canada, 53, 100: Kincardine, Ontario, 43; Ottawa, Ontario, 53, 99; Provinces—British Columbia, 23, 26-27, 44, 100, New Brunswick, 23, Nova Cc Scotia, 23, Ontario, 23, 43, 53, 99, Quebec, 23; Cable: damage, Australia, 20, Hawaii, Coptotermes Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 44 formosanus, 30, 31, 32, Indonesia, 31; pene- Canal Zone, Panama, 88, 89, 101; Barro Colorado trated by Coptotermes hyaloapex W. New Island, 62, 79, 101 Guinea, 31 Canary Islands, 9, 67 Cable sheathing, insulation, 30, 31, 66: damage, Cannibalism, 12 Hawaii, 30, 32; plastics, polythene, polyvinyl Capritermes, 41, 78, 81 chloride, 89, 90; Australia, protection: use phos- dunensis n. sp., 81 phate plasticizer, incorporation hard silica, garthwaitei to Dicuspiditermes, 78 zircon flour or diatomaceous earth and small incola to Dicuspiditermes, 62, 63 amount aldrin or dieldrin during processing, laetus to Dicuspiditermes, 78 89, 90: polythene sheathings superior to poly- latignathus durga n. subsp., 80 vinyl chloride, 89, 90; polythene sheath and minutus n. sp., 83 nylon jacket immune, 89, 90; nylon effective, nitobei, 37 89, 90 obtusus to Dicuspiditermes, 78 Calcaritermes, opacus parvus-Neocapritermes, 85 colei n. sp., 77 orientalis n. sp. syn. Pericapritermes tetra- rioensis N. Sp., 77 philus (Silvestri), 78, 79 snyderi Nn. sp., 77 pseudolaetus n. sp., 83 temnocephalus, 77 semarangi to Pericapritermes, 78 Galiformiasg8s10;.cti 20 fairy 275, 3232985258554; tetraphilus to Pericapritermes, 78 63, 72, 87, 97, 98, 99 100, 101: Anaheim, Carbolic acid, 27 Orange Co., 33; Atascadero, San Luis Obispo Carbon dioxide, COs gas, 9, 46, 57 Co., 35; Bellflower, 49; Ducas, Tulare Co., 39; Carrion, dry pig, Reticulitermes virginicus and E] Monte, 49, 97; El Toro, Orange Co., 35; R. sp. in, 31 Eureka, Humboldt Co., 34; Fremont, Alameda Caste determination, or differentiation, 9, 12, 14, Co., 39; Fresno, Fresno Co., 39: Gilroy, Santa 61, 64, 68: activity of “‘soldier-inhibitor’’ ma- Clara Co., 35; Governor’s reports on PCO in- terials in connection with, 12; controlled by a dustry, 18-19: Hollister, San Benito Co., 33; mechanism of differential timing of hormone Lafayette, Contra Costa Co., 33; legal require- secretions, which itself is regulated by phero- ments of termite report, 23; Lodi, San Joaquin mones and nutritional influences, 69; develop- Co., 30; Los Angeles, 49, Atwater District, 10; ment dependent on nutrition, 69; differentiation NO. 3 INDEX 159 determined by activity corpora allata, 12, 14, Chipboards, protection by wood preservatives, 91 69; differentiation determined by composition of Chlordane, 3, 17, 22: EC, emulsifiable concentrate, members in colonies, 12; direction induced by 18; emulsion, 17, 24, 37, 71, 73; glue poison, intrinsic environmental factors, 69; due to 90; granules, 71, 73; in mud slurry, 22; michro- pheromones, 11, 69; elimination supernumerary nized dust in microcel, 73; seed coating, 26; soil replacement reproductives initiated by fighting, poison, 17, 19, 24, 25, 28, 71, 74, 86, residues, 12; function corpora allata crucial, true differ- 71, 72, 73, 86; toxicology, 86, 87 entiation hormones, 12, 14; homeostasis, social Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 3, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, regulation by pheromones, 12; mediation endo- D223 0 24, 25.) 272m One anys Oe em OO crine system, 12, 14 68, 72, 88, 89, 90, 91: antidotes, 86; chlordane Castes, 9, 10, 11, 46, 69: neuter, 70; proportion and dieldrin most common soil poisons used in in colony, 9; regulation, 9; termite, 5, 9, 17 WiSe 74; edusts:) 216 26.) 732) hazards, s24emco. Catalog, Isoptera, Entomological Reference Col- persistence, 17, 21; preventatives, 86; relative lection forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, dosages in soil, 26; soil poisons, 16, 17, 21, 22, India, 79; Isoptera, Africa, list of families, 26, 71, 72, 73, 74; toxicology, relative, 86, 87 genera, species, 613 species to date 1965, 75 Chromosome, haploid numbers in testis king Cellulase, any one of a group of enzymes found Odontotermes redemanni, 28; morphology dur- in various fungi, bacteria, insects and lower ing spermatogenesis Odontotermes redemanni, animals that hydrolyze cellulose, 46; produced 28 by the termite itself, 41 Clearance, 24: height of wood from earth, 25; Cellulose, 13, 50, 52, 62, 63: acetate butrate not applied to termite inspection report, 14 piping, attacked by termite, Australia, 89; debris Coarctotermes s. str., 76 source of infestation, 23, 24 clepsydra, 44 Central America, 22 s. lat., 42 Centrioles, of protozoa, 62 South Africa distribution map, 42 “Centro di studi per la lotta antitermitica,” Italy, Cobalt, radioactive, 23, 64 20 Cockroaches, 61, 62: larvae in nests, 9; relation Cephalotermes, termites to, 11, 45, 46, 55, 56, 85 rectangularis Colombia, 27, 102: Porcecito, 79; San Antonio, mid-gut queen, 55 79 Ceratokalotermes n. gen., 77, 78 Colon, 60, 62 spoliator, 77 Colonial Office Termite Research Unit, London, Ceratotermes synonym of Foraminitermes, 78 England, 68 Ceylon, 20, 22, 23, 30, 31, 36, 37, 42, 75, 79, 80, Colonies, 8, 9, 10, 50, 61: behavior, 5, 9, 74; 81, 82, 94, 95, 96: Colombo, West Province, 81; composition of members of, 12; destruction Gannoruwa (Peradeniya), 82; Maskeliya, 81; of, 24, 25, 26, 35; development, 5, 6, 9; found- Vavuniya, North Province, 81 ing new, 9, 10, 11, by substitute reproductives, Chaetotaxy, 55: oral appendages, 79; tho- 10, by supplementary reproductives, 10, 12; racic tergites, 79; use in taxonomy, 79 growth, 6; in tree, 7, 8, 21, vibration affects Chemical analysis, 12-13, 41: amino acids from temperature, 7, 8, 84; laboratory, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, edible mushrooms Lepiota and Termitomyces, 65, 66, 84, 89; maternal, 6; odors, 14; peren- 13; ash, 12; carbohydrates, 12, 64; extractives nation, 6; ratio of caste-member and carbon from resistant woods, 13; free amino acids, 13; dioxide in nest of, 9; social organization, 8; galleries, 12-13; lignin, 12-13; mineral, 12; superorganism, 9, 69, 74; vitality, analysis, 9, nests, 12-13; runways, 13; sterols by mass spec- 10 tometry, 13 Color, 16, 71: of termites, 11 Chile, 62, 63, 101 Colorado, Cortez area, Montezuma Co., 34; Den- China, 6, 7, 42, 45, 57, 77, 83, 85, 94, 95, 96: ver, 53; Larimer Co., 34 Canton, 67; East, 82; Hainan Island, 22; Hang- C.O.M. (complex oscillatory movement), 13 chow, 11; Shanghai, 77; South, 83, 90, 96; Provinces—Chekiang, 83, Kingyuan, 77; Comatermes, n. gen., 77, 78: perfectus, 77 Fukien, 83, Changting, 83, Kienow, 83, Nan- Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, 6 ping, 77, Nantsing, 83, Yungan, 77; Hainan, 83, Commissione Interministeriale per la lotta Anti- Lohwei, 83; Kiangsu, Shanghai, 77; Kwangsi, termitica, Italy, 18 83; Kwangtung, 83, Chaochow, 83, Ting Wu Communication, 5, 9, 13-14: alarm, by mechani- Shan Monastery, 82; Yangtse-dike, 57; Yunnan, cal contact, directional vector by odor trail, 13; 83, Cheli, 83, Chinping, 77, 83, Menghan, 83, alarm, by scents, rasping sounds, or tapping Puerh, 83 body against nest, or stridulatory body ridges, 160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 13, 69, 70; chemical, 14; substratum vibration 64, 88; low cost housing, humid tropics, 22; and audible sound, 13, 70 military, 17; nests, destruction of, 14, 18, 19, Complaints on control, California, 16, statistics, 21, 22, 24, 26, 40; paint, 19; pesticides, di- 16 rectory, 17; plantation management, insecticides, Concrete, 24, 25, 27: apron 6 inches around slab, 18, 35; poison, baits, 21, dusts, inert, 19, toxic, 22: caps on foundations, 22, 25, 86; dieldrin 245 27, 40, Soil, 14,)%55- 16,01 7,-19; 20, 2255235 added to concrete blocks, toxic, 14, 22, 713 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31 71-74; post-treatment 28; slab, 20 pressure impregnated wood, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25, Concrete, ‘‘no fines,’ 21: mixture of aggregate, 28, 86, buyers guide, 16; pretreatment, 26, 27, with substitution of a 0.5% emulsion of dieldrin 54, 73: details, 16, 21, 22, less costly, 16, 18, or aldrin emulsion for water termite-proof, 21 tips on selling, 16; prevention, 16, 19, 20, 22, Connecticut, 27, 32, 33, 76, 98, 100: Branford, 26, 27, 733 progress, 24; queen removal, 19, 34; Bridgeport, 34; East Haven, 34; Groton, 22, 26; remove mounds, 22, 87; reports gover- New London Co., 33; Fairfield, 34; Hamden, nor, California, 18-19; report, legal require- 34; New Haven, 34; North Haven, 34; Plants- ments of termite report, 23, 27, 54; research, 24, ville, 34; Reticulitermes flavipes swarming 37, 60, new approach, 19; resistant woods, 14, April 13, 1966, 34; Somers, 34; Thompson- 16, 21, 22, 25; sanitation, 17, 18, 19, 26-27; ville, 34; Warehouse Point, Hartford Co., 33; shields, 11, 14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 71; skills, special West Haven, 34; Wethersfield, Hartford Co., needed, 16; soil drill treatment, 20; soil strip- 33; Windsor, 34 ping, 22; soil poisons, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, Constrictotermes, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 71-74, pipe system, cyphergaster, 56 rodding, trenching, 17, 20, 22, 26, 27, 73, 74; Construction. See Building Protection and Build- sound construction, prevention, 15, 22, 23, 24, ings. 25, 26, 27, 73; sound, used to kill insects, too Control, 9, 14-28, 61, 62, 68, 88: Acorus calamus costly, 74; spore solution bacteria, Serratia solutions, 24; aircraft, use of, 19; Antimite Co., marcescens, 4; spraying, 17, 19, 21, 24, 27, 38, 17 points, 22; ants used as check on termites, 73; standards, minimum, Nat'l. Pest Control 10; atomic wastes, use of, 23; baits, poison, 21; Assoc., 19, revised, 16; statistics, California, 16, barriers, 15, chemical, 16, 20, 22, 25, 27; physi- 18-19, 28, 29, 30; structural alterations, 17, 26; cal. 25, 22), 42, 71, 86; books, 18, 20;.27; subterranean termites, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, Bruce Co., Terminix Div., method, 11; build 24, 25, 26, 27, 39, 49; surface brushing wood, out termites, 14, 20, 23, 24, 25,26, 27, 31; soil poisoning, mudwall poisoning, India, 19, built in, subterranean termites, pretreat; dry- 25; survey, 16-17; tea termites, Ceylon, 20; wood “Dri-Die” dust, 20; chemical, 15, 16, 17, treated homes, number, 23, annual, 23, since 21, 24, 27, 29, 35; concrete, fabricated with 1936, 23; treatment relics, Italy, 25; trees, forest dieldrin, 14, 22, 77, 86, antitermite, 21, ferro- management, 21; tubing, 7, 25; United States, concrete, 21; construction, slab-on-ground, 20, methods, 14, 15, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 48-49, 25, sound, 14, 25, 26, 27, 31, termite proof, 54, studies, 14, 17, 233; VA,.15, 16;.vela 23, 24, 25, 27; dampwood termites, drainage, destroying Hodotermes 23; water-proof mem- ventilation, 23, 24; decay, 16; drainage, 18, 24, brane, polyethylene vapor barrier, 15, 18, 21; 25: drilling, 14, 15, 23, 24, 73; drywood ter- ventilation, cross, 16, 18, 24, 26; wood hidden mites, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26, 54; dusts, 16, in concrete, 16, 20; wood on earth construc- 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, arsenical, 24, Dri-Die, 20, 24, tion complicates control, 20; wood preservation, poison, 16, 22, 23, 40, silica, 20; equipment 16, 17, 22, 23, brush, 19, 24, 25, 52, dip, 14, directory, pest control, 15, 17; equipment, list 31, impregnation, 17, 22, 24, oily preservatives, of, 16, fumigation, 16, 20, 27, 49, safety, 16, 17, 88, water soluble preservatives, 17, 88; truck inventory, 16; FHA, 15, 17, 27, demands Woodtreat-T.C., 24, 52; work completed, Cali- termite-free furniture, 20; forest, cultural con- fornia, no. jobs, Jan. 1 through June 30, 1965, trol, 27, management, trees, 21, diameter limit, costs, 18; worker protection, 16 36; foundation poisoning, 15, 23, 26; fragmen- Control, geographical: Africa, 27, Nigeria, 23, 26, tation nests, 22; fumigation, 15, 48-49, dry- South, 19, 26, 27, 49, Sudan, 23, 26, tropical, wood termites, 15, 17, 20, 27, 54, subterranean, 22, Uganda, 18, West, 25, 26; Australia, 14, [5, 10, 22, 24; 403 ‘pases, Australia, or; 20-21, 24, 59; Austria, 17, 23; Brazil, 14, 19; hazards, crawl space, protection, 16, fire, 16; Canada, 26; Ceylon, 23, 38; China, 22; hot air, 88; injection of trees, 20; insecticides, Colombia, 27; Europe, 23-24, 28, 54, 60; L4j15, 27) 10, 20,2122 02425; 26,0270 35; France, 22, 43; general, 22, 27, 37, 40; Ger- 37, 38, 40, 52, 68, 72, 74, organic index, 22-23; many, 23, 26; Hawaii, 5, 59; India, 17, 19, 21, inspection, 17, 27, 28, annual, 23; irradiation, 22, 23, 24, 25, 20, 27, 37, 38; Italy; 24, 18,20, NO. 3 INDEX 161 25, 28, 54; Japan, 26; Malaya, 14, 28; New 70; juvenile and gonadotropic hormones of Guinea, 26, 35, 38; Pakistan, 19; Papua, 26, 38; corpora allata most important, 69; secretion South America, 19; Thailand, 39; U.S.S.R., 19, granules in, 70 21, 23, 25, 27, 31; United States, 14, 15, 16, 17, Corpora cardiaca, secretion granules in, 70 102120, 234 245) 25, 20) 27, 25574; Arizona; 23), Corrosive sublimate, bichloride of mercury, 27 California, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, Con- Costa Rica, 77, 85, 101: San José, 79 necticut, 27, Delaware, demonstration, 27, Dis- Cotylelobium melanoxylon, heartwood resistant, trict of Columbia, 19, Florida, 15, 20, 54, 65 Georgia, 71, Hawaii, 5, 59, Illinois, 20, 52, Courtship: amatory procedure, 3; calling attitude Indiana, 17, Louisiana, 19, Kansas, 29, Mis- visual, not scent, 47; females Coptotermes heimi souri, 22, Midwest, 26, North Carolina, 24, 27- and Microtermes anandi raise abdomens, attract 28, Ohio, 19, Oregon, 21, 24, Puerto Rico, 74, males by sweet odor, 6; tandem behavior, 3, 47 Wisconsin, 14, 54, West Indies, 27; World, Crenetermes mixtus nom. nov., 83 22, 27, 37, 40 Crenetermes umbraticola Williams 1954: consists Cook Islands, Aitutaki, 43, 103; Anchorage, of imago—Euchilotermes umbraticola, 83, Suvorov Atoll, 36, 103 soldier—Crenetermes mixtus, 83 Copper naphthenate, soil poison, 26; wood pre- Creosote: soil poison, 72, 73; wood preservative, servative, 9I 90, 91 Coptotermes, 6, 20-21, 22, 24, 35, 37, 40, 61, 66, Creosote, coal tar: soil poison, 25; wood preserva- 90 tive, 25, 88, 90, gI acinaciformis, 7, 20, 21, 36, 61, 66, 84, 89, Cryptocercus punctulatus: defense of mate, 9-10; 90 eggs deposited in ootheca prior to oviposition, builds stalagmite tubes to subfloor, 21 45; flagellates in gut, 62: not in Panesthiinae, brunneus, 36 but in Cryptocercidae, 45; primitive cockroach, biology, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 45; wood-boring, 10; wood-eating, 45, 62 ceylonicus, 36 Cryptotermes, 22, 43, 65 crassus, 48 brevis, 5, 9, 34, 42, 49, 53, 64, 67, 90 curvignathus, 24, 28, 31, 37 biology, 9 damage to asphalt, lead, mortar, 31 distribution, 41, 42, 44, 52, 53 elisae, 35, 38, 76 cavifrons, 39, 53 flavicephalus, 32 cyanocephalus, 32 formosanus, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 30, 31, 32, declivis n. sp., 83 34, 41, 43, 44, 53, 54, 64, 68, 84, 90 domesticus, 43 frenchi, 20, 36, 61, 84 dudleyt, 32, 52, 54 havilandt, 31, 37, 47 havilandt, 11, 35, 47 heimi, 6, 38 Sp.» 53 hyaloapex-elisae, 31, 38, 76 thailandis, n. sp., 74 Indian region, 80 tropical, 65 Indonesia, 31 Cryptotermes brevis, 5, 9, 34, 41, 42, 44, 49, 52, kishori, 80 53, 67, 90: laboratory colonies, 5, 9, 64, castes lacteus, 66, 67, 69, 72, 73, 84, 89, 90 in incipient colonies, 9, 65, egg production, 9, michaelseni, 20 by primary reproductives, 9, by supplementary niger, 40, 50 reproductives, 9, growth, 9, number individuals premrasmii n. sp., 74 in year-old colonies, 9, reproductives, 9, pri- Sp., 12, 35 mary, 9, supplementary, 9, suspension egg pro- spp., 22 duction, 9, Tananarive, distribution, 44 subterranean termites, 20 Cryptotermes havilandi, 47: biology, Nigeria, 11; testaceus, 53, 84 damage to buildings, 11; India, interior, distri- vastator, 32, 53 bution, 35 Cornicapritermes, 75 Cubitermes, 6, 42 Cornitermes, 81 fungifaber, 58, 64 bequaerti, 56 growth of nests, 57 cumulans, 14 sp., 42 similis, 74 Cycle, seasonal, 6, 9, 11, 57, 61 snydert, 56 Cyclotermes, sp., 56 spp., 22 Corpora allata: activity determines differentiation Cytology, 28: adipose tissue, 28; cytological and of castes, 12. 14, 69; argentaffine granules in, physiological developmental researches on nor- 162 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 mal and parthenogenetic egg Kalotermes, 28; Arizona, 32, Arkansas, 32, California, 30, 32, localization enzyme alkaline phosphatase, in 33, 34, 35, 38, 53, counties, 28, 29, 30, damp- early embryogenesis, 28 wood, 28, 29, 30, drywood, 28, 29, 30, sub- Czechoslovakia, 8, 66, 67, 69, 90, 102 terranean, 28, 29, 30, Colorado, 34, Connecticut, 27, 32, 33, 34, Delaware, 27, 32, 33, 34, 53, Florida, 47, 48, Hawaii, 33, 34, 39, 44, 53, 61, D 90, Idaho, 33, Illinois, 20, 34, 52, Indiana, 32, Damage, geographical: Afghanistan, Helmand Iowa, 53, Kansas, 29, 32, Maryland, 32, 33, 34, Valley, 32, Lashkah Gah, 32; Africa, 30, 35, 53, Massachusetts, 33, 34, Michigan, 33, Min- 36, 37, 38, Ethiopia, 32, Nigeria, 23, 26, South, nesota, 33;, Missouri, .32;,, Nebraska, 75,33. TO 23h 305).32, 375 39; 40 Sudan, 126; 385.40; Nevada, 32, 33, 34, 35, New Hampshire, 33, Uganda, 18, 52; Australia, 20-21, 36, 37; New Jersey, 24, 32, 33, 34, New York, 33, Borneo, 37; Brazil, 31, 35; British Honduras, North Carolina, 32, 33, 34, 35, Ohio, 19, 31, 32, 37, 40, 50; Burma, 31; Canada, 23, 43; Central 33, 34, 53, Oklahoma, 33, 34, Oregon, 34, America, 22; Ceylon, 20, 22, 23, 30, 31, 36, 37, Pennsylvania, 34, 53, protection contract, 11, 42; China, 22; Colombia, 27; Cook Islands, prefer new houses, 30, rarely bring house crash- 36, 43; Dominican Republic, 37; Europe, 28, ing down, 31, Rhode Island, 32, 33, South 31, 42, 44; Formosa, 37; France, 22, 42, 43; Dakota, 33, 34, Texas, 34, 53, 54, Utah, 32, 33, Germany, 30, 42; Hawaii, 30, 31, 32, 53, 54, 59, 34, Virginia, 34, Washington, 32, 33, Wis- 61. oos-lndiay 65.17, 10, 2iguz2y oa 20n 27598 F; consin 33, Wyoming, 32, 34; World, 100 dif- 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44; Indonesia, 31, 37; Iran, ferent species, 22, 40, 50 regular pests, 40 26;ilraq,_36, 375 iItaly, wig, 108592550305) 3250373 Damage to living vegetation, 10, 11, 35-40: Africa, Japan, 43; Java, 31, 37, 47; Malaya, 28, 37; East, forest trees, 37, ground nuts, 36, trans- Mauritius, 22; Nepal, 31; New Guinea, 26, 35, plants, 37, Kenya, forest pests, 38; Ghana, 38, 76, West, 31; New Zealand, 35; Pakistan, crops, 36; Rhodesia, crops, maize, 38; S. Thomé, 19, 31, 36; Papua, 26, 38; Peru, 36; Philippines, cacao, 35; South, 39, 40, Eucalyptus plantations, 32, 34,:30; 493) Portugaly. 315.935; 375,363 oat 18, pastures, 19, 23, 37, veld, 19, 23, 37; Sudan, Helena, 42; Sumatra, 37; Thailand, Siam, 39; date palm, peanuts, agricultural crops, coffee, tropics, 22, 30, 40,;,68; U.S:S.R., 21, 23, 30, cotton, forest trees, 26, 36, 38, 40; tropical, 35, 31, 38; United States, 6, 7, 11, 19, 27, 28, 29, 37; Uganda, Eucalyptus plantations, 18; West, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 44, 47, 48, 49, 5, Nigeria, 23, 26, Northern, Eucalyptus cttri- 52, 53, 54, 59, 61; Venezuela, 36; World, 22, dora and crops, 23, trees and crops, 26; Asia, \ 37, 40, tropics, 22, 30, 40, 68 southeast, coconut trees, 23, forest trees, 37; Damage increase is due in U.S.: in north milder Australia, 7, forest trees, 21, 36, 37, Queens- winters; more land is cleared, less food; more land, sugarcane, field crops, 37, trees, relation to slab or low foundations; attached patios, decks, soil, 36, Victoria, pine, 37; Borneo, trees, 37; breezeways and garages; sapwood, more sus- Brazil, peanuts, roots, 19, 35; Ceylon, coco- cepuble than heartwood, now used; better nut trees, 23, forest trees, 36, rubber, 20, 36, central heating plants, 14, 23, 28, 30 42, tea, 20, 36, 37, 42; China, sugarcane, 22; Damage to agriculture. See Damage to living classes termite that attack, 35-40; Colombia, vegetation. cotton, 27; Cook Islands, coconut, 36; Domini- Damage to books: Inst. of Pathology of Books and can Republic, forest trees, 37; Formosa, sugar- termite control in Italy, Rome, 18, 54; Italy, 20; cane, 37; Honduras, British, forest trees, 37, Portugal, 31; United States, 20 40, 50; India, agriculture, 23, 24, 27, 35, 36, Damage to buildings, 10, 11, 17, 28-35: Af- 38, Alnus nitida, 35, Andhra Pradesh, 23, ghanistan, 32; Africa, Ethiopia, 32, South, cultivated crops, 23, 37, Assam, 19, 35, 37; 31-32, West, 11, Nigeria, 11; America, Central, banyan tree, 6-7, Bihar, sugarcane, 26, 35, coco- 22; Asia, Central, 30; Australia 150 species, 5 nut palm, 37, cotton crop, 19, 22, cultivated cause 95% damage, 20, hazard, 20-21; Brazil, crops, 36, 37, 38, field crops, 24, 26, wheat, 21, 31; Canada, 26-27; Ceylon; 30; Europe, 28, 26, 37, 38, forest plants, trees, 24, 37, fruit south, 31; France, 42; Hawaii, 33, 34, 39, 44, trees, 19, 37, fig, Ficus bengalensis, 19, 35, 53: 61, 90: increase due to, 14, 23, 28, 30; jowar, sorghum, 38, jute, 36, Madhya Pradesh, India, 26, 36, 41; Italy, 28, 31, 42, Sardinia, 31: N.W., 17, crops, 35, orchard plants, 35, Madras, Japan, 43; Java, 31, 47; Mauritius, 22; Pakistan, sugarcane, 35, Mango trees, 24, mint, Japanese, 36; Philippines, 32, 49; Portugal, 31; St. 36. Mysore, potato crop, 38, Northwest, peach, Helena, 42; tropics humid, 22, 68; U.S.S.R., 23, other fruit trees in nurseries, 24, Pinus longt- Turkmenia, 21, Ukraine, 30, 31; United States, folia, 37, Punjab, 35, Gujerat, 19, sugarcane, DT 145 28,.53, ao erAlabama,; 332) vee 4seh52, 22, Rajasthan, 17, 38, sugarcane, 37, Shorea NO. 3 INDEX 163 robusta, 24, South, plants, 38, sugarcane, 21, 22, W. N. Guinea, 31; cardboard boxes, medical 35, 37, tea, 19, 35, Terminalia belerica, 24, trees, supplies, Afghanistan, 32; carrion, dry pig, 24, 35, 37, wheat, 22, 24; India and adjacent Tennessee, 31; clothing, cotton stored in ware- countries, forest plants, 37, Uttar Pradesh, sugar- houses, 30, 34; desk, plywood, 43; furniture, cane, 26. 27, 38; Indonesia, trees, monocotyls, lumber, Philippines, 32; glue, 30; inorganic ma- 37; Iran, 36; Iraq, 36, date palms, 37; Japan, terial, 52; iron eroded, Indonesia, 31; jute, 43: Java, forest trees, Leguminosae preferred, India, 36; lead, 31; mooring posts, Venice, 32, 37, sugarcane, 37; Malaya, 28, trees, monocotyls, 42; newspapers, Java, 31; plastics, polyethylene, 37; New Guinea and Papua, cacao, tree crop, polyurethane foam, 22, 30, 42; poles, 20, 22; rubber. 35, 38; New Guinea, Dutch, trees, live products, packaged, 30, 32; relics, Italy, 25; garden plants, 38, trees, shrubs, 76, Lae, hoop sacks, paper, U.S., 32; ship, Sumatra, 31; pine trees. 35; New Zealand, North Island, stored products, South Africa, 32; textiles, wood, major fodder crops, turnips, 35; Pakistan, apple, tropics, 30, 31, 54; transmission lines, 30, 31; Acacia, jujub, Ficus, crops, 19; Peru, forests, wood, 31, 32, 34, 40, 52, 53, 54, Burma, 31, 36; Philippines, forest trees, ipil-ipil (Lecaena Europe, 23-24, 31, 42; wood products, Indian glauca), 38, fruit trees, avocado, cacao, guava, region, 31, 44 38, sugarcane, 37; Portugal, 35, chestnut trees, Damage to seed: Africa, Sudan, Muicrotermes Castanea, 37, elm trees, 38, pine trees, 37; thoracalis, cotton seed protected with coating Sardinia, vineyards, cork trees, 37; Sumatra, insecticide, 26, peanuts in seed and seedling trees, 37; Tropics, crops, 40, 68, plants, 35; stage, seed coated with insecticide, 26; India, Tunis, agriculture, 35; U.S.S.R., trees, shrubs, 17 31, 38, vineyards, 30, 31, 38; United States, Damage by species, Alabama, cornstalks in south and southwest; in Amiternies, Lee Co. several stalks, 39, Morgan Co., sugar- Sp.» 39 cane; mature watermelon, 39, California, 32, vilis, 36 Alameda Co., Fremont, young citrus trees in Anacanthotermes ahngerianus, 30 nursery, 38, Fresno Co., Fresno, rooting grape turkestanicus, 19, 21, 23, 30 cuttings, 39, old orchards; ripe peaches, 38, San Bellicositermes natalensis, 30 Mateo Co., Woodside, apricot trees, fruit and Bifiditermes beesoni, 19 shade trees, 38, Shasta Co., Summit, roots Calotermes pepper plants, 39, Tulare Co., Ducas, citrus papua, 38 trees, 39, Delaware, New Castle Co., stems liv- flavicollis, 31, 32, 44 ing geranium plants, 39, Florida, Alachua Co., Capritermes nitobet, 37 Gainesville, dogwood tree, 39, laurel oak tree, Coptotermes, 22, 35, 37 39, Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, grapefruit acinaciformis, 20, 21, 36 tree, 39, Dixie Co., cabbage palms, 39, Orange brunneus, 36 Co., Apopka, damage to 10% peat and ceylonicus, 36 peperomia nursery sample, 39 Indiana, Wayne crassus, 48 Co., Richmond, juniper grafts in greenhouse, curvignathus, 24, 28, 31 39, Maryland, Prince Georges Co., College Park, elisae, 35, 38, 76 yew trees, 39, Missouri, Gallaway Co., Fulton flavicephalus, 32 area, chrysanthemums, 39, Nevada, Clark Co., flavipinensis, 32 Pine Creek, velvet ash trees, 38, 44, Nye Co., formosanus, 30, 31, 34, 44, 54 velvet ash trees, 44, North Carolina, Cumber- frenchi, 20, 36 land Co., Fayetteville, walnut tree, 39, Sampson havilandi, 31, 37; 47 Co., Newton Grove, white oak tree, 39, Ohio, heim, 38 Darke Co., sweet corn in garden, 39, Okla- hyaloapex-elisae, 31, 38, 76 homa, Tillman Co., Grandfield area, moderate michaelsent, 20 to heavy on grass and dead weeds on roadsides niger, 40, 50 and pastures, 39, Texas, Madison Co., small sp.) 35 grains, oats, 39, Montague Co., pasture and vastator, 32, 53 range grasses, 39, Motley Co., pasture grass, 39; Cryptotermes, 22 Venezucla, sugarcane, 36; World, 22, 37, 40, brevis, 34, 42, 52, 53 plantations, 35, 37, 38. See also Damage to cavifrons, 39 seed. cyanocephalus, 32 Damage to material, 10, 11, 28-35, 68: asphaltum, domesticus, 43 31; bridges, 42; bus, Uganda, 52; cables, 30, dudleyi, 32, 52, 54 Australia, 20, Hawaii, 30, 31, 32, Indonesia, 31, havilandt, 35 164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Sp., 53 greeni, 36 Cyclotermes, militaris, 36, 38 spp., 22 rainbowi, 36 dampwood termites, 28, 29, 30, 32 sp., 35, 38 drywood termites, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, spp., 35, 38 42, 52 Odontotermes, 22, 26, 35 fungus-eating termites, 32 assamensis, 19 Glyptotermes dilatatus, 36 assmuthi, 38 sp., 36 feae, 38 Gnathamitermes, formosanus, 37 sp-, 39 obesus, 4, 6, 23, 24, 26, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38 tubiformans, 39 parvidens, 19 harvester termites, 38, 39, 40 Sp., 32 Heterotermes SPp-, 19, 35 aureus, 32 sudanensis, 38 convexinotatus, 27 Paraneotermes simplicicornis, 32, 33 crinitus, 36 Porotermes adamsoni, 21, 36, 37 indicola, 24, 38 Pseudacanthotermes harrisensis, 40 philippinensis, 32, 37 Reticulitermes, 34 platycephalus, 42 chinensis, 37 Hodotermes mossambicus, 23, 39 flavipes, 3, 4, 23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39 Hodotermitidae, 40 42, 43 Incisitermes immigrans, 33, 39 hageni, 39 minor, 32, 38, 44, 52, 53,54 hesperus, 30, 32, 335 34, 35s 38; 39 Kalotermes, lucifugus, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38, 42 approximatus, 39 santonensis, 22, 43 beesoni, 6-7, 19 SP.5 31, 32, 335 34, 35, 39 brount, 35 Speratus, 37 flavicollis, 37, 42 Spp-, 33, 34 megregori, 38 tibialis, 33, 34, 35 minor, 32, 38, 44, 52, 53, 54 VIFZINICUS, 31, 33, 34 taylori, 38 Rhinotermitidae, 40, 43 Kalotermitidae, 20, 40, 42, 43, 52 Sarvaritermes faveolus, 35 Macrotermes, 22 scavenging termites, Odontotermes spp., 35 gilvus, 32, 37 Schedorhinotermes intermedius, 21 herus, 36, 38 subterranean termites, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, Mastotermes darwiniensis, 20, 36, 37 38, 42, 49 Mastotermitidae, 40 Syntermes sp., 19, 35 Microcerotermes, 22, 32 Termes, meridionalis, 37 biroi, 38 Termitidae, 40, 43 diversus, 37 Termopsidae, 40 Sp, 32 Trinervitermes, 5, 21 SPP., 19, 35 biformis, 38 Microhodotermes viator, 39 ebenarius, 26 Microtermes, 35 heimt, 38 aluco, 38 rubidus, 24 mycophagus, 24, 44 SP., 353 40 obesi, 23, 26, 27, 36, 37, 38 wood (live) -eating termites, 35 sp., 21 Zootermopsis angusticollis, 24, 34, 52, 53, 54 thoracalis, 26, 40 nevadensis, 54 mound-building termites, 22 SP.» 44 Nasutitermes, 22, 35 Damage to woods: Eucalyptus citridora, 23, 26; exitiosus, 20, 21 heartwood Pinus sylvestris, 67, 90, Picea abies, princeps, 38 67, Quercus robur, 67 sp., 36 Dampwood termites, 3, 23, 27, 32: control, Neotermes, Oregon, 24; damage, California, 28, 29, 30 bosei, 38 DDT, dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane, 17, 23, gardneri-bosei, 38 25, 68, 73, 86, 87, 90, g1: dust, 19, 22, 24; NO. 3 INDEX 165 soil poison, 19, 24, 25, 31, 73; WP, wettable sorption by termite takes place in mesenteron, power, 17 62 DDVP,O, O-dimethyl 2, 2-dichlorovinyl, fumigant, Dihoplotermes n. gen., 24 inusitatus Nn. sp., 75 Dealate, winged adult which has lost wings, 6, 10, Diptocarpus sp., resistant woods, 65 II, 55, 75> 795 81, 82 Disease, human, plant and termite, 41, 87. See Defaunation, chemical, flagellate protozoa from also parasites. Eucryptotermes sp., Brazil in 3 days, no harm Distribution, 41-45, 68: Africa, 41, 43, 76, Angola, to termites, Acetarson, 63; flagellate, lethal western, 83, Angulitermes, 42, Apicotermes, temperature, highest, 62 41, 42, Congo, 41, Garamba Nat'l. Park, 42, Defense: ejection secretions, 11, 69, 70; mandib- Katanga, 41, Ghana, 83, Macrotermes has widest ular, 11; of mate and mating chamber by distribution all African termites due to air- wood roach, 10: recruited workers repel in- conditioned nests, 43, 51, South, 43, genera, 42, vaders, 14 43, Kalahari, 42, Kruger Natl. Park, 41, 42, Delaware, 100, 101: Newark, 101, control demon- Sudan, 44; Black Sea, countries on, 42; Brazil, stration, 27; New Castle Co., 32, 33, 34, 393 list termites, 42, 44, Minas Gerais, 48, Sao R. flavipes first swarms 1965 first week March, Paulo, 19; Burma, Macrotermes, 83, n. sp., 81; continued until mid-April, 32; Wilmington, Canada, 43, 44; Ceylon, 42; China, 42, 45, 83; New Castle Co., 53 Cook Islands, 43; Ethiopian Nasutitermitinae, Denmark, Copenhagen Zool. Mus. amber fossils, 82; Europe, 42, central, 44; France, 42, 43; 48 Galapagos Islands, 43; Guam, 41; Hong Kong, Detection, 11, 40: drywood termites, holes, plug, 42; India, 41, Assam, 19, 44, Dehra Dun, 9, 40; mound builders bring up soil into large Delhi, 44, Punjab, 41, Rajasthan, 44; Indian galleries, 40; primary colonies by magnetic region, 170 species, 76; Italy, 42, 44, Sicily, 44; compass, 40; subterfuge to cover infestation, 40; Japan, 43, Ryukyu Islands, 43, Shikoku Islands, subterranean, tubes, 40 43; Laysan Island, 41; Madagascar, 77; Mala- Deterioration, wood, by species Reticulitermes, gasy, 43, Tananarive, 44; Mediterranean Sea, comparative, 46 countries on, 44; Mexico, 43; Mississippi, Horn Deterrents: anthracenes, 67; anthrones, 67; Island, 44; New Zealand plantations, 45; North anthraquinones, 67, 89; aurofusarin, 67; America, 77; northernmost limit formula to de- xanthones, 67 termine, Pt-Att Dt., 43; northward spread ter- Diatermes, fossil, stbericus, not in Mastotermitidae, mites, United States and Europe, causes, 14, but in Isoptera, 48 ‘23, 28, 30; Ontario, Canada, spread in, 43; Diazinon, 72, 86 Oriental Hospitalitermes, 79; Pakistan, West, Dicuspiditermes n. gen., 78 41; Papuan Hospitalitermes, 79; Philippines, garthwaitei, 78 44; Ryukyu Islands and Japanese Archipelago, incola, 62, 63 42; Saint Helena, Jamestown, 42; Silvestri, F. laetus, 78 termite collections from 5 continents, 44; South makhamensis n. sp., 75 America, 76; South Ukraine, 43; Spain, 9; obtusus type species, 78 spatial, 5; St. Helena, 42; Thailand, 74, 75; Micldrin; 17,920,121, 22, 235 24, 25, 205.35, 375 U.S.S.R., central Asian, 42, European, 41, 42; 66, 88, 89, 91: comparative toxicity, 3, 28, 71, United States, 42, eastern, 25, Hawaii, Maui, 72, 86, 87; dust, 21, 26; EC, emulsifiable con- 44, Mississippi, 44, Nevada, 44, North Dakota, centrate, 18; emulsifiable concentrate, Dieldrex, 44, 45, southwest, 43; World, 48, Angulitermes, 15; emulsion, 17, 26, 35, 38, 73; granules, 71; 76; Yugoslavia, 44 in mud slurry, 22; seed coating, 26; soil poison, District of Columbia: Washington, 19, 90, 98, 99; T7709, 2A; 205) 28,715 72,73, 74, 003 toxicity Marumsco, pretreatment, 19 dieldrin-concrete mixture, 14, 71 Dominican Republic (W.I.), 37, 60, 101 Digestion, 40-41, 61: cellulose, flagellates in lower Drains: French, 73; house drains, faulty, may termites, 63; cellulose and lignin by Kalotermes cause post-treatment trouble, 28 flavicollis, 12-13, 40-41; cellulose digesting in- Dri-Die 67 Dust: control drywood termites, 20; testinal symbionts, 4, 40, 62, 63; enzymes in fluoridated silica aerogel, Davison Chemical hind gut, 4, 40; microbial flora, bacteria digest Co., Baltimore, Md., 20; how applied, 20; im- cellulose in higher termites, 63; parallels, proved equipment, hose, hopper, sprayer or chemical, in decomposition wood by termites “oun,” 20, 27; rate of dusting, 20; silica gel and fungi, 41; relative amount cellulose and powder, 24 lignin various hardwoods and conifers by differ- Drilling, 27: asphalt tile, 23; brick foundation, 15; ent termites, 13; Reticulitermes lucifugus ab- brick piers, 15; brick veneer, drill plate down 166 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 and horizontal compared, 14; concrete slabs Endocrine system, 69, 70 from side, 15; floor and walls (Europe), 23-24; Endocrinology, 12, 60, 68 rock foundations, drill mortar joint, 15; slab Endohormones, 12 drill floor and foundation walls, 23; spacing Endrex, insecticide, 14 holes, 15 Endrin, 22, dust, 22, relative toxicity, 86 Drywood termites, 3, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, 37, England, 49, 53, 54, 65, 68, 102, 103 40, 42, 49, 52, 54: damage, California, 28, 29, Enzymes, 41, 46: alkaline phosphatase, 28; 30, 32, 38 bacteria in hindgut, 4; digestive, 40, 62; pro- Durability, decay resistance: anthraquinones of tein digestion, 40; proteolytic in termite gut, teak, 67; eucalypts, 65, 66, 67; extractive 40 content, variation in, 67; extractives, role of, 66, Eocene, Upper, E. Prussia, 48, 77 67, phenolic components, 67, toxic, variation in Eotermes, Hodotermitidae, fossil, 77 role, 67; teak, 65, 66, 67 Epicalotermes, 77, 78 Dusts, poison, 19, 22, 26, 27, 40: aerosols, 21, aethiopicus, 77 applied with electric duster, 20; arsenical, 21, planifrons n. sp., 77 35; micronized more effective than solutions in South Africa distribution map, 42 treating wall voids, 73; Paris green, 20; white Equipment directory, 15: control termites, 27; arsenic, arsenic trioxide, effectiveness of, 21 fumigation, 16; safety, 16, 87 Dusts, powders: “Dri-Die,” fluoridated silica Eremotermes, 41 aerogel, 20; inert, 21; lipid adsorptivity, relation arctus, 83 to suitability as insecticide diluents, 20; poison, dehraduni n. sp., 81 arsenic trioxide and ferric hydroxide, 22; poison, fletcheri, 81 hand duster to living trees, 21; silica, aerogel, indicatus, 81 20, 27; telodrin, 21 madrasicus n. sp., 81 Dutch New Guinea, 38, 103 maliki synonym of fletcheri, 81 neoparadoxalis, 81 E paradoxalis, 44, 81 revision, 81 Ecdysis. See Molt. Esterase inhibitors, as pesticides, shift to organo- Ecdyson, 12 phosphates and carbamates from chlorinated Ecology. See Biology. hydrocarbons, list of, 72 Ectohormone, pheromone, 64, 12: regulates ac- Ethiopia, 93, Addis Ababa, 32 tivities colony, as “queen substance’ in honey Ethiopian zoogeographical region, 78-79, 82, * bee, 10, 12; regulatory agent for colonies, 10 92-94 EDB. See Ethylene dibromide. Ethylene dibromide, EDB: as fumigant, 19, 49; as Egg laying rate by, 5: fully developed Macro- soil poison, 19; control subterranean termites, termes 34,000 a day, 7; Nasutitermes ephratae, 49: effect soil moisture on dispersion, 24; liquid 6; Odontotermes assmuthi, obesus, 57; physo- to poison nests, 19, 24 gastric queen Cryptotermes havilandi, 11; Eucalyptus microcorys ‘“‘tallowwood,” 66: extrac- queen, East Africa, 5; queen, some Australian tive cycloeucalenol repellent to termites, not termites lay 360 eggs an hour, or 3 million in termiticide, antitermite activity destroyed by course of a year, for 25 to 50 years, 10; Reticul- saponification, 67; resistant wood to Nasuti- termes flavipes decreased with fewer supporting termes exitiosus, 67 workers in secondary reproductive pairs, 60; Euchilotermes umbraticola comb. n., 83 Thailand mound-builders, 11 Euhamitermes, Eggs, 68, 80: hamatus, 78 Cryptotermes brevis, production of, 9; Nasuti- Europe, 7, 9, 12, 23-24, 60, 65, 68, 77, 102, 103: termes ephratac, 6; Odontotermes assmuthi, central, 103; damage in, 23, 31; southern, 31, 10; incubation period, 6, 10, 11; laying capacity, 102 10, 11; parental care in hatching, 10; rate of Eurytermes, laying, 5, 6, 10, 11 isodentatus n. sp., = Indotermes tsodentatus, El Salvador, Volcan de Santa Ana, Dept. Santa 83 Ana, 77 Eutermellus, Embryology, 45: developmental stages Odonto- abruptus n. sp., 83 termes redemanni, 28, 45; embryonic discs, 45; aquilinus n. sp., 83 micropyles, 42; oogenesis, histochemical tech- undulans n. sp., 83 niques, 45 Eutermes, Emulsions, 17, 25, 31, 35, 38, 40, 71, 73 coarctatus in Rhadinotermes, 82 NO. 3 INDEX 167 doriae in Leptomyxotermes, 82 91; Minalith, 90; Non-Com, 91; Protexol, go; rippertil, 45 Pyresote, 11, 90 takasagoensis, 43, 85 Fire retardant treated wood, FRTW, 88: in build- Evolution, 8, 9, 12, 45-46, 78: comparison ter- ing codes since 1960, 11; increased production mites and cockroaches, morphology, biology, 45, since 1961, 11 46, 55; human cultural evolution and its rela- Flagellates, protozoa, 62-63, 64: cytochemical tion to organic evolution of termites, 45; im- studies, 63; digestion wood, cellulose, lignin, 62, proved homeostasis, 8, 45; pheromone systems, 63; intestinal, symbiotic, 46; joeniid symbiont 14; phylogenetic advance, 57, 60, primitive Calotermes flavicollis, 63; lipides colored by condition, 45, derivative condition, 45; re- Sudan Black B, 63; lipids sudanophilic simple gressive, 45, reduction mandibles, 45; termite and bound, 63; Mixotricha paradoxa, poly- fauna of savanna region, 9; vestigial char- mastigote in gut Mastotermes darwiniensis is acters, 45 moved by attached spirochaetes, associated with Exohormones, 69, honey bee non-specific to bacteria, 62; morphology, 62. See also Protozoa. termites, 69 Flight, swarm, 17, 47, 56, 61, 68: African, tropical Experimentation, 46-47: attractants, response to, termites, 8, 47; Allognathotermes hypogeus, 47; 3-4; chemical changes in wood induced by control during, by aerosols, 21; Cryptotermes termites, 4, 46; colony development, 5; effect havilandi, 11, 47; effect rain, 6, 8, 9, tempera- temperature and humidity on longevity pseudo- ture, 9; Eremotermes paradoxalis at Delhi, India, workers, 47; electro-physiological methods, 46; do not shed wings until they pair, 44; India, feeding habits, 5; feeding rate, 46; insecticides 6, 35, 81; Java, 47; Mexico, 9; Nearctic, 11; on Kalotermes flavicollis, Italy, 47; isolation, not nuptial, 11; Odontotermes redemanni, 8; 46; mortality rate, 4, 5, 46; new method test- Philippine termites, 10; sex-related behavior, 4; ing resistance tropical woods to termites, 65-66; species, Florida, g; social interaction, 4; tandem oxygen poisoning, carbon dioxide protection, behavior, 3, 47; time, 6, 8, 9, 11; tropisms, 47; 46; temperature studies, dry ice, 84; thermo- United States, 9, 10, 32, 33 coustic board tests, 46: thiodan increases rate Florida, 9, 47, 48, 49, 53, 73, 98, 99, 100: respiration, 46; value of group effect on indi- Apopka, Orange Co., 39; Dixie Co., 39; Fort vidual, 46; venom, formic acid, 46; water losses, Lauderdale, Broward Co., 39; Gainesville, 7, 46; X-ray effect, 26, 47 Alachua Co., 39; Hollywood, 54, 97; Miami, 49, Extractives, 67: anthraquinones from Tectona 99; Paradise Key, 77; Tampa, 49, 100, West, grandis repellent to termites, 67; cyclo 20 eucalenol from Eucalyptus microcorys repellent Flower box retaining walls: infestation hazard, to termites, 67; decay and termite resistance of low clearance, moist soil, 15; treatment difficult, Tectona grandis due to, more in outer heart- drilling; watering soil leaches chemical, 16 wood, correlation with age of tree, 66; deter- Fluorescence, cuticle fluorescent when exposed to rents, 67; phenolic components and _ relation ultraviolet light, 9 to decay in eucalypts, 67; toxicity, 50; variation Food, 61: exchange, 14; exchange, study through in extractive content and decay resistance in radiation, 64; neotropical birds, 62; proctodeal, Tectona grandis, 67; variation in role of toxic 59, 63, 64; stomodeal, 58, 59, 64; tracer food, extractives in resistance eucalypts to decay, 67; labeled with I’, used in biological studies, wood from Kalopanax septemlobus, Japan, 67 64; transfer food, study through proctodeal feeding, 58, 64 F Food, termites as, chimpanzees using tools to obtain termites in mounds, Tanganyika, Africa, Fecundity, 61, neonteinic reproductives first year 48 greater than primary, 11 Food of man, termites as, Florida woman infested Federal Housing Administration, FHA, 15, 20, 27, with live termites after accidentally ingesting 54, 71, 72, 98: control, multifamily housing, same, 47, 48 20; 100 ft. minimum distance from well to Foraging, 65: behavior, 8, 14; Coptotermes gal- soil treatment, 20; rodding accepted method leries, 36 40; Hodotermes mossambicus, 8; applying soil poisons, 20; standards, 20 Trinervitermes, 5, 10; weights and load weights, Feeding: habits, 5; rate of under controlled con- 8 ditions of humidity and temperature in labora- Foraminitermes, tory, 46 coatoni Nn. sp., 77 Ficus bengalensis, 19, 35 corniferus, 77 Fighting, 12 Aarrisi n. sp., 77 Fire retardants, 11: chromated zinc chloride, go, rhinoceros, 78 168 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 tubifrons, 77 Fungi, association with termites, 50: attractant, valens, 78 9, 46, 50; brown rot on pine, 50; causes of Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India, re- decay, 50; dual role, 50; harmful, 50, 59, 60; vised catalog Isoptera, Entomological Refer- helpful in nutrition, 50, 58, 59; increase life ence Collection, 79 termites, 50; neutral, 50; repellent, 50; subter- Formosa, 37, 43, 64, 81, 82, 105 ranean termites, 50, 59; Termitosphaeria and Fossil, 8, 48: amber, Baltic, 48, 77, Danish, 48, Xylaria in fungus comb, 50; toxic, 9, fungi, 46, Mexican, Oligocene late, 48; Cretaceous, 78; 50, 59, 60, molds, 50; usefulness molds as a Eocene, Upper, 48, 77; infra red spectra relate nutriment, 50 resin from living tree to amber, 48; Miocene, Fungicides, 59, 86 early, 48; termitaria in lateritic gravel, 48 Fungus attractants, brown rot fungus Lenzites Foundations, 26, 27: antitermite treatment, 23; trabea infected wood, 3 concrete, monolithic, 25, 31, 86; pier, 22; rein- Fungus comb, 57: constructed from feces worker, forced concrete cap over unit masonry, 25, 86 50; helps in development new colony, 50; ma- Founding new colonies, terials used, 12; Microtermes mycophagus Cryptotermes havilandi, 11 fungus bed in shelter tubes, Delhi, India, 44; in holes or cracks, 11 moisture content, 57; primitive, 50 Nasutitermes ephratae, in laboratory, 6 Fungus cultivation, 8, 50 France, 3-4, 7, 12, 13, 28, 46, 55, 58, 64, 65-66, Fungus-eating termites. See Fungus-growing. 102, 103: distribution termites (Reticulitermes) Fungus gardens, 9, 65, 85: bacteria in, 50; condi- 25 departments south of River Loire in south- tion microclimate of mounds, 50; cultivation of, west and south, in 4 arrondisements of Paris, 8, 50; fungi in eaten as accessory food, 50; 42; Kalotermes flavicollis distribution Banyuls- microorganisms from, 50; temperature and sur-mer on Mediterranean coast, 42; Reticuli- humidity in Odontotermes obesus, India, 50 termes lucifugus, occurs in Banyuls, Dordogne Fungus-growing termites, 31-32, 38, 50, 58: India, Valley in edges woodland maritime pine, 42, Odontotermes, 50 perennation of a colony of, 6; Reticulitermes lucifugus var. santonensis occurs in Charente G Maritime, 42; Reticulitermes santonensis at Varennes-sur-Loire (Meuse et Loire), 43 Galapagos Islands, 101: distribution termites, 43; Fulleritermes, 76 Eden Island, 41, 101 coatoni n. sp., 82 Galleries, 21, 36, 38, 40, 58: material, analysis, contractus type species, 76 12-13; poison dusts blown into, 21, 22 distribution map, South Africa, 42 Gamma, 24 Fumigants, 46, 59: “‘Acritet 34-66," 49; DDVP, Gaseous environment, 51: air-conditioned nests, 24; directory 1966, 16; Dri-Die, 67, 20, 24; 8, 43, 51, 57; inflow into nest oxygen, 51, 57; ethylene dibromide, EDB, 15, 24, 49; methyl outflow carbon dioxide, 51, 57 bromide, 15, 49, 61; residue potentials on ma- General zoogeographical region, 104-106 terials, food, 49; sulfuryl fluoride, 15, 49; Genetics, 8 Vikane, 15, 49. See also Insecticides; Pesticides. Genitalia, 51, 55: evolution genital apparatus in Fumigation, 15, 17, 22, 27, 48-49, 54: Acritet castes Calotermes flavicollis, 51; gonads affected 66% carbon tetrachloride and 34% acrylo- by atomic wastes, 23; male, morphology, func- nitrile, 49; drydock floating, 48; ethylene dibro- tional activity in winged Reticulitermes, 51; mide, 15, subterranean termites, 15, 49; Fumi- male reproductive internal system and form guide, 49; Fumiscope, 15; halide detector, 15; and contents seminal vesicles lower termites, hazards, 15, 86, 87; measuring device, 49; 51; number ovarioles 2000 in ovary queen, 51; metabolism Vikane, 49; methyl bromide, 15, 49, oocytes soldier testicles Kalotermes flavicollis, 61; odor problems, 49; reporting regulations, 51; reproductive organs, male, 51; Rhinotermiti- Los Angeles, Calif., 49; residue potentials on dae, form and content seminal vesicles, testicles materials, food, 49; schooner Carrie Bernice, activity, 51; testicle activity and function 49; specifications, California, 49; sulfuryl fluo- seminal vesicles 4 primitive termites not the ride, Vikane, 15, 49; tarp, 15, 49; van, equip- same for individuals of homologous castes or ment, list of, 49; Vikane, 15, 49, partial, 49; stages of different species, 51 White Temple Baptist Church, Miami, Florida, Geologic agents, 51-52: Central Asia, in soil 49 formation, especially in takyr environments, 52; Fungi, 68, 90, 91: infection buildings, California, India, increase potassium and calcium contents 28, 29; relation to termites, 9, 46, 50, 58, 59, tea soils, 52; inter-tropical zone influence on 60 conformation soils, 51; pH changes in soil, 52; NO. 3 INDEX 169 role termites in Quaternary, 51; soil beneath Granules, insecticides, test to compare with emul- termite mound, Southern Rhodesia, 52; termites sions in Mississippi, 71, 73 and soil stratification, 51; termites and tropical Grasses, used in experiment, West Africa, 5, 10 soils, 52; termite tunnels contribute to decrease Green Islands, Nissan Island, 78 evaporation in soil, better plant growth and Grooming, 4, 13: requisite for increasing longevity soil formation, 51, 52; vegetation patterns based first-instar nymphs unproven, 59 on active termitaria Odontotermes spp. plains “Group-effect”’ in social insects, 46, 64 Loita, Kenya, 52 Growth, 61 Georgia, 63, 71, 99: Jekyll Island, 71; northeast, Guam, 103: Apra Inner Harbor, 41; Yigo, 78 71 Guinea, 42: Spanish, 67 Germany, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 42, 46, 47, 64, 65, Gut, II, 50, 55, 57, 60, 62, 64: enzymes, 67, 68, 84, 90, 102, 103: Berlin-Dahlem, 88; Cathepsin, 40; protein digestion, 40; protozoa, East Prussia, 48, 77 40, 62, 63; regions, 40 Globitermes, annamensis, 9 H audax synonym of G. sulphureus (Hav.), 78 Glossary, 52, 83, 86: entomological terms, 52; Halide lamp: detect ethylene dibromide, 49; detect foreign language terms in entomology, 52 methyl bromide, 15 Glue line poisons, plywood, 1-2% arsenic trioxide, Hardboard, 89, g1: resistant with .025 heptachlor, 1% chlordane, 90 66 Glyptotermes, 36, 55 Harvester termites, 38, 61: hodotermitid, Karoo Ethiopian: So. Africa, 27, 39, 40 hendrickxi n. sp., 78 Havilanditermes, jurioni n. sp., 78 proatripennis n. sp., 75 longuisculus n. sp., 78 Hawaii, 5, 9, II, 54, 59, 90, 103: Hawaii, Hilo, parki n. sp., 79 34, 52, 53, 54, 103, 104; Maui, 34, 103, 104, sinomalalus n. sp., 79 Kahului, 44, Waikapu, 34, Wailuku, 34, 44; Neotropical: Oahu, 34, 53, 103, Honolulu, 6, 33, 34, 39, 52, adamsoni n. sp., 79 54, 61, 103, 104, Kaimuki section, 53, Manoa contracticornis, 79 area, 34, Kaneohe, Marine Corps Air Station, longipennis n. sp., 79 30, 31, 32 parvoculatus n. sp., 79 Hazards 66, 86, 87: fumigation, 16, 21, 86, 87 rotundifrons n. sp., 79 Heptachlor, 17, 20, 27, 52, 66: comparative Seeversi N. Sp., 79 toxicity, 86; dust, 19, 26; granules, 73; seed sicki n. sp., 79 coating, 26; soil poison, 17, 25, 26, 71, 72, 73, truncatus n. sp., 79 86 tuberifer n. sp., 79 Herbicides, 86 Oriental: Heterotermes, 6, 12 chinpingensis n. sp., 83 aureus, 32 concavifrons n. sp., 78 cardini, 53 dilatatus, 36 convexinotatus, 27, 53 fuscus, 43 crinitus, 36 kachongensis n. sp., 74 ferox, 66 kirbyi n. sp., 78 indicola, 6, 10, 13, 19, 38, 40, 58-59, 63, 64, satsumensis, 43 65, 68, 88 Papuan: latilabrum n. sp., = Operculitermes, 83 guamensis n. sp., 78 longiceps, 62 lighti n. sp., 78 orthognathus, 43 nissanensis n. sp., 78 philippinensis, 32, 37 palauensis n. sp., 78 platycephalus, 42 schmidti n. sp., 78 sp.) 13 Glyptotermes fuscus, Katan termite, distribution tenuis, 74, 85 in south eastern district of Shikoku, Japan, 43 Histidine, 13 Gnathamitermes, Hodotermes, 42 sp., 39 mossambicus, 8, 23, 27, 37, 39, 42, 85 tubiformans, 39 ochraceus, 68 Grallatotermes, Hodotermitidae, 8, 40, 41, 42, 43, 51, 55 niger n. sp., 76 Eotermes, 77 170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Hodotermitinae, 55 repandus, 53 Hodotermopsis japonicus, 43, 84 schwarzi, 77 Homeostasis, 12, 45: improved self-regulation of snyderi, 44 optimal conditions for maintenance and con- Incisitermes immigrans, formerly Kalotermes tinuation by evolution, 8, 45; social, attainment ImmMIgrans, 33, 39, 43 of stable environmental conditions inside the Incisitermes minor, formerly Kalotermes minor, nest, 8 32, 38, 44, 52, 53, 54 Hong Kong, 42, 95 Incisitermes repandus, formerly Kalotermes re- Hormones: brain, 69, 70; ecdyson, 12, 70; insect, pandus, 53 62, 70; juvenile, 69, 70; metamorphosis and Incisitermes schwarzit, formerly Kalotermes caste differentiation controlled by, 12, 69; poly- schwarzi, 77 isoprenoid compounds in insects and man, 70; Incisitermes snyderi, formerly Kalotermes snydert, prothoracic, 12, 69; regulation development 44 termites, 69; secretions control caste differentia- India, 4; 6, 10; 19) 21. 22,24) 25, 26,28 nets, tion, 12, 69; “‘social,’ pheromones, 11, 12, 13, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 50, 52, 55, 56, 62, 63, 14, 69, 70; steroid compounds in insects and 655.1685. 72,76;. 795, 80; 81,85, oi) 09,200,002) man, 70 94, 95, 96: Andaman Islands, 80, 82, 96, Long Hose, 27: rubber, with Neoprene center, 49 Island, 82, North Island, 81, South Island, 82; Hospitalitermes, Andhra Pradesh, 23, 37; Assam, 19, 44, 75, ataramensis n. sp., 80 80, 82, 95, 96, Cachar and Darrang Districts birmanicus, 80 tea gardens, 19, 35, Cherrapungi, 80, Lakimpur, blairi, 80 82, Abor, 79, Makum, 82, Nong-Priang stream, brevirostratus n. sp., 80 80, Rongrengiri, 80, Shillong, 37, 80, Umsa jepsoni, 80 Nongkhari, 80; Bengal, Berhampur, 80, Cal- madrasi, 80 cutta, 76, 80, 81, 82, 94, North, Buxa Forest monoceros, 80 Div., 82, Sukna, 79, Teeste Forest Div., 79; revision, 79 Bihar, 35, 94, Madhupure, 80; Kerala, Vendi- Humidity, 52, 88, 90: influence on nourishment periyar village, 81; Madhya Pradesh, 94, and food selection, 46, 58-59; optimum amount, Chada, 76; Madhya Pradesh, N.W., 17-18, 35; 2, 58; regulation in nest, 50, 55, 57 Madras, 10, 35, 79, 94, 95, Coimbatore, 80, 82, Hypermastigina, 8 Mount Stuart, Top Slip, 76, 79, North Vellore, Hypotermes, 80, Villivakkam, 81, Wynaad Periyar Reserve ; makhamensis n. sp., 75 Forest, 79; Maharashtra, Bombay, 19, 40, 94, nonpriangi synonym H. xenotermitia (Was- Poona, 8, 95; Manipur, 62, Imphal Valley, 80; mann), 75, 78 Mysore, 38, 80, Bababudin Hills, 80, Badani, obscuriceps, 75 Bijapur Distr., 81, Bangalore, 81, Dharwar, 62, revision genus Indo-Malayan Region, 75 63, 81, Yellapure, 8, 85; North East, 35, 76, sumatrensis, 75 94; North West, 24, 94, 96, Kashmir, 94, Ram- winifredt, 75 ban, 75; Orissa, 22, 96, Barkuda Island, Chilka xenotermitis, 75 Lake, 57, Hirakud Dam, 22; Punjab, 6, 19, 41, 94, Delhi, 44, 96, Gujarat, 24, Gurdaspur, 75, I Hoshiapur, 6, Kulu Valley, 35, 75, 76; Rajas- than, 17, 37, 38, 44, 80, 94, 95, 96, Balsmand, Idaho: Blackfoot, Bingham Co., 33; Challis, Jodhpur Distr., 80, Bhupalsagar, Udaipur Distr., Custer Co., 33; Homedale, Owyhee Co. flight in 80, Kolayat, Bikaner Distr., 80, Udaipur, 31; April, 33; Orofino, Clearwater Co., 33 South, 38, 75, 79, 81, 82, 95, 96; Uttar Pradesh, Idomastotermes, fossil, 26, 27, 38, 76, 96, Allahabad, 19, Chakrata, 79, mysticus, not a termite, status uncertain, 48 Dehra Dun, 9, 10, 24, 25, 47, 57, 66, 67, 75, Illinois, 72, 98, 99, 100: Champaign-Urbana area 79, 81, 82, 95, 96, Forest Research Inst., 68, R. flavipes swarming week ending April 15, 75, 79, New Forest, 66, 81, 82, Thano, 79; 1966, 34; Chicago, 52, 98; Decatur, 20; Wauke- Western, Rajasthan, 17, 31, 37, 44, 80, 94, gan, 52 95, 96, Ajmer, 38, desert areas, 44; Western Imago, alate, winged adult, 6, 7, 41, 74, 75, 76, Ghats, Navoor, 79, Neriamangalam, 79 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 Indian fauna, Incisitermes n. gen. for certain species Kalotermes, Anoplotermes, Neotropical element in, 80 77,78 Psammotermes, African genus in, 80 immigrans, 33, 39, 43 Indian region, 31, 63, 76, 79, 80, 94, 95, 96: minor, 32, 38, 44, 52, 53, 54 Burma, 31, 52, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 94, 95; NO. 3 INDEX E7T 96; Geylons 20; 22, 235 30, 31, 36; 375 42, 75; pentaborate, 21; solvents, 24, 86; superphos- 79, 80, 81, 82, 94, 95, 96; India, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, phate, 19; Telodrin, 14; TEPP, 72, 86: Thiodan, ip Ub Ok, Bis BA, D2, AAS ARS AO, y/o, Bley Sie 46, 73; toxaphene, 73, 86; toxicity, 16, 20, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55; comparative, 28; toxicology, 85-87, misuse 56, 57, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 75, 76, 79, hazard, 16, 86, 87; zinc chloride, 21. See also 80, 81, 82, 85, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96; Nepal, Fumigants; Pesticides; Wood preservatives. Siem pakistan sis Oneal ee O OO 2.04 Insects, living of the world, 8 Indiana, 15, 17, 32, 39, 60, 71, 98, 101 Inspection, termite, 27: certification, NPCA for Indo-Malayan zoogeographical region, 75, 94 VA and FHA, 15, 18; charge for, 14, 153 cost, Indonesia, 31, 37, 75, 78, 81, 82, 95, 105 15; form or report, information to be included, “Indopaste,” protective paint, 19 requirements, 14, 18, 27; form report, standard Indotermes n. gen., 81 California, 23; free, 16; liability for, 14; types, maymensis n. sp., 81 estimate, 15, certification, 15, routine, 15; VA phylogenetic position, 74 form, or certification, 14, 15, 16, accepted only thailandis n. sp., 74 from state licensed firms in No. Carolina, 28 Indotermitidae n. fam., 81: synonym of Termiti- Insulation: cable insulation, 30, 31, 32, 66, 89; dae, 74 cable sheathings, 66, 89, 90; plastics, 66, 89 Infestation buildings, 10, 14, 17, 18, 21, 30, 44, Insulation boards, 89: chipboards, 91; hardboards, 49: cellulose debris, 23; concrete slabs, 15, 16, 89; particle, 67; strawboards, 89 17; decay control and ventilation will prevent Insurance, 15, 87: protection contract, 11, 16; termites, 16; faulty drains cause accumulation preferential rates where fire retardant treated excessive moisture in soil about foundations, wood used as building material, 11, 88 15, 28; filled-in-porches, 15; flower box retain- Intercepted, termites, 53, 54 ing walls, 15; improper flashing, 24; Italy, International cooperation, research on termites, 52 public, 31; methods of spreading, 11; statistics International Union Study Social Insects, 4th 1962-1965, California counties, Jan.-Mar., 28- Congress, Pavia, 1961, 68 30, Apr.-June, 28-30, July-Sept., 29-30, Oct.- Intestinal, 4, 40, 62, 63: fauna, losing of, 8; Dec., 28-30, year, by, 28-30, dampwood ter- flora, 8 mites, 28-30, drywood, 28-30, subterranean, Introduced, 52-54: Britain, summary termites in- 28-30, due to earth, 28-30, contacts, 28-30, troduced into, 1963, 53; Coptotermes formo- faulty grade, 28-30; three basic routes: wood sanus infesting timbers in shipyard warehouse in contact with the ground, cracks in slabs, Houston, Harris Co., Texas, July 2 and 12, shelter tubes, 14, 18; tubes built 30-35 days 1965, source infestation unknown, been estab- after ground broken for construction, 31; with- lished for some time, injurious in Hawaii, first out ground contact, 14; wood covered by con- mainland record, 54, Maui free prior to 1964, crete, 16 Jan. 28, 1966, eradication under way, in Inhibition, caste development, 7, 69 Waikapua and Wailuku, 34; Coptotermes vas- Insecticides, 3, 40, 71: adenosinetriphosphate tator, on July 1, 1963, found in boards in (ATP), 20; antidotes, 86; antitermite character- building in Kaimuki section Honolulu, Hawaii, istics of, 21; arsenic pentoxide, 21; botanicals, introduced from Philippines some time ago 86; carbamate, 72, 86; ceresan, 26; chlorinated and firmly established, although no present hydrocarbons, 3.14, 16, 17; 10; 09, 21, 22, (1965) infestations known, 53; Cryptotermes brevis infesting basement cupboard in house 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 35, 37, 38, 47, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91; con- Kensington, Md., Nov. 24, 1962, part of wood tact, synthetic, 17; damaging crops, 21; diazi- came from Asia, 53, infestation house, Birming- ham, Jefferson Co., Alabama, 1964, 52, infesta- non, 72, 86; diluents, 20; directory, 1966, 17; tion bed frame residence Menlo Park, San formulation concentration, 15; index, organic, Mateo Co., California, bed purchased outside 22; interfere with oxidative phosphorylation, state several years ago Aug. 14, 1964, 53; 20; isodrin, 86; malathion, 72, 86; names, com- Cryptotermes dudleyi, Uganda, East Central mon trade organic, 22; organic, index, 22, Africa found in woodwork of a bus, Sept. 19, modern, 22; organo-phosphorus compounds, 72, 1963, 52, Charleston, South Carolina, (week 86; orthodichlorobenzine, 47; parathion, 72, 86; ending Oct. 22, 1965) June 24, 1965, in ply- paris green, 20; pentachlorophenol, 21, 72, 73; wood shipping crates from Recife, Brazil, 54; phosphorus organic, 86; preventatives, 86; resi- Cryptotermes sp., Wilmington, New Castle Co., dues, 71, 72, 73, 74; residues and toxicity Delaware, infested wicker furniture in home should be solved on international basis, 86; and attacked floor under furniture, March 9, safety, 86, 87; sevin, 17, 73; shell, 14; sodium 1964, P. P. Burbutis, nymphs, origin unknown, 172 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 53; Drywood termites since 1961 infestations a of furniture from California or Florida intro- duced into Missouri, 52-53; Incisitermes minor Jamaica, 77 in furniture to Fort Smith, Sebastian Co., Japan, 10, 12, 13, 26, 40, 43, 64, 67, 68, 94, 95, Arkansas, March 1962, 53, infesting fir timber 96: Shikoku Island, 43, 95; South, 82 and lumber from western United States in Japanese Archipelago, 43, 84, 95 house, Bethesda, Montgomery Co., Maryland. Java, 37, 95, 105: Bandjar, Seng Kong VII, West, House fumigated October 1962, 53, infesting 78; Banjoemas, 82; Batavia, 82; Bogor, 31, 473 chest of drawers in home, Storm Lake, Buena Djakarta, 31; Gedangan, 31; Kedoe, 82; Vista Co., Iowa, brought from West Coast Kedoing-Djate, 82; Surabaya, 31 8 years ago, October, 1962, 53, introduced Joenia annecteus, histo-chemical researches on in hardwood furniture to San Antonio, Bexar ]. annectensa trophozoite adult flagellate sym- Co., Texas, Jan. 1963, 53, infesting wooden biont, 63 ceiling Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Fairborn, Greene Co., Ohio, June 18, K 1963, 53, in wood panelling basement house, Kalotermes, 10, 49, 65 Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 19-26, 1963, approximatus, 39 53; in shelf in Waukegan, Ill., home Sept. beesoni, 6, 19 1965, 52, in driftwood in Harris Co., Tex., beesoni = Bifiditermes, 6, 19, 81 Jan. 28, 1966, 54; Mastotermes darwiniensis brouni, 35 Lae, New Guinea, first record 1963 outside of darwini, 43 Australia, 53; Reticulitermes flavipes intercepted distribution map So. Africa, 42 from Florida on cypress slab supports with European, 65 potted Philodendron into Ontario, Canada, May fatulus, 43 1961, 53; stowaways, 53; Zootermopsis angusti- flavicollis, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 28, 37, 40, 41, 42, collis nymphs in lumber, March 1964, from 44, 46, 47, 51, 53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65, Northwest into Denver, Colo., 53, dealated 68, 69, 84 adults with Douglas fir lumber, Feb. 26, 1965, fuscus, 43, 84 from Mainland into Hilo, Hawaii, Jan. 28, galapagoensis, 43 1966, Honolulu, Oahu, 52, 53, 54, 14-year-old immigrans, 33, 39, 43 house infested, Chicago, IIl., Oct. 1963, may inamurae, 81 have been in original lumber, 52; Zootermopsis indicus, 81 nevadensis in wood shipped from Pacific Coast jepsoni, 81 to Comanche Co., Oklahoma, Jan. 21, 1966, 54 koshunensis, 43, 84 Iowa, Buena Vista Co., Storm Lake, 53, 100 kotoensis, 43, 84 Iran, 36 megregori, 38, 81 Iraq, 36, 37, 95 minor, 32, 38, 44, 52, 53, 54 Isodrin, 86 Oriental, Isolation, in rearing, effects of, 46 keys to, 81 Isoleucine, 13 list of, 81 Isoptera, termites, 5, 8, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, number of 7 (1960), 81 48, 77, 78, 79, 81, 98: keys, 6, 83; phyto- pacificus, 43 phagous, 37 pintoi, 81 Israel, 77, 102, 103: Beror Hayil, 83; Negev, snyderi, 44 Wadi Abyad (Nahal Lavan), 83; Pardes Hanna, Sp., 13, 53 taylori, 38, 81 83 tropical, 65 Italian: control measures and expenses on State See also Incisitermes. and Notarial Archives, libraries, and National Kalotermitidae, 12, 40, 41, 42, 43, 51, 52, 56, Monuments, listed, 18, 54; Government act 63, 68, 75, 77, 78, 83: evolution of, 78; since 1952 permits Government to conduct sci- Oriental, genera, 4 (1960), 81; phylogeny, 60, entific research and antitermite protection, 18, 77, 78; primitive, 78; world, 78 54; Government commission to study termite Kansas, 32, 97: Wichita, 29 damage 1940-1945, growing, Rome, Venice, 42 Keys, 68, 75, 76, 81: Africa, tropical termites, Italy: Pavia, 68; Rome, 18; Sardinia, 31, 103; 75, 83; Ceylon, tea termites, 38; China, Sicily, 44; Venice, 32, 44, 103; Venice Euganea Operculitermes, 84; Foraminitermes soldiers, e Giulia, 44, Laguna, 32, southern region 78; genera African termites, 83, morphology, Province, 44 soldiers, 75, 78; Hospitalitermes soldiers, Indian NO. 3 INDEX 173 region, 79; India, 75, Assam, 80, Dehra Dun Length life, queen fungus-feeding tropical ter- termites, winged, soldiers, 81, Rajasthan, Micro- mites live as long as 50 years, 10 cerotermes, Odontotermes. soldiers, 80; Indian Lenzites trabea, 3, 4 region, 76, Coptotermes, winged, soldiers, 80; Lepidotermes, 42 Kalotermes, Oriental species, 81; Kalotermitidae, Lepiota sp., 13 genera living, winged, and soldiers, 81; Macro- Leptomyxotermes n. gen., 82 termes, African, major soldiers, 83; Macro- dortae (Silvestri) n. comb. 82 termes, Burma, soldiers, 83; Nasutitermes, Leucine, 13 African, winged, 82, Indian region, winged Leucotermes, soldiers, 79; Nasutitermitinae, African, winged tenuis, see Heterotermes tenuis, soldiers, genera and species, 82; North America, Leucotermes (Reticulitermes), see Reticulitermes, 83, winged soldiers, common termites, 77, ter- lucifugus, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 25, 30, 31, 32, 35, mite fauna, winged, soldiers, illustrated, 83; 37> 38, 42, 44, 46, 47, 51, 55, 58, 60, 62, order Isoptera, 6; Philippines, winged, soldiers, 65, 66, 67, 70, 77, 90 83; Reticulitermes, China, soldiers, winged, 77; speratus (Kolbe), 12, 37, 40, 43, 53, 84 Reticulitermes spp. eastern U.S., 11, 753 Licensing PCOs, California, 16, 54 Speculitermes, Oriental, workers, 81; Synhami- Lignin, 12-13, 40-41, 46 termes ceylonicus and quadriceps, imagos, 81; Lime mortar, use cause of damage in Ceylon, 30 Thailand genera, winged, soldiers, species, Lindane, 20, 86: micronized dust, 73; seed coat- winged, soldiers, 74; U.S.S.R. Kalotermitidae ing, 26; soil poison, 72, 73 and Rhinotermitidae in European part, 75; Lobitermes nigrifrons n. sp., 83 United States, 68, field keys, 79, southwest, Longevity, 10, 47, 59, 64, 65, 68 field keys to winged and soldiers 7 most im- Losses: assessment, International Commission, 52; portant species, 79 Australia, annual expenditures due to termites Khaya anthoteca, small heartwood, resistant, 65 A£2,000,000, 20, to poles, cross-arms and cables, King, 10, 58, 64, 75, 77, 80: testis, 28 20, to silver ash trees, 36, New So. Wales, Koompassia malacensis, resistant wood, 65 blackbutt trees, 36, forest trees, 36; deductible, U.S., Internal Revenue Service, 30-31; New L Jersey, no. 2 pest, 31; nondeductible unless casualty loss proven in court, 30-31, 54; United Labiotermes, 76 States, 200 million dollars in 1964, 31, 250 brevilabius n. sp., 76 million dollars in 1961, 28 distribution, 76 Louisiana, 19, 98 ecology, 76 Lumber, pressure-treated, 11, 86 labralis, 76 longilabius, 76 M pelliceus n. sp., 76 phylogeny, 76 Maclean, Neil A. Co., 15: seminar on Vikane, Labor, division of, 5 Fumiguide, 49 Laboratory. See Tests, laboratory. Macrotermes, 6, 7, 8 Larvae, 10, 46, 55, 59, 69 African, 6, 22, 42, 51, 56, 57, 61, 83 Laysan Island, 41, 103 tropical, 8, 56, 57 Legislation, 54, 68: California, proposed revision height mounds E. Africa, 8, 56, 57 rules and regulations Structural Pest Control annandalei, 83 Board by PCOs, 54; Florida, Hollywood, city azarellii syn. of M. giluus (Hagen), 78, 83 ordinance requiring all new construction to be barneyi, 90 treated based on FHA standards, 54, minimum bellicosus, 7, 8, 51 prevention and control standards, subterranean Burma, distribution, 83 termites based on Forest Service recommenda- chaiglomi n. sp., 75 tions; fumigation, drywood termites, 54; history, distribution widest in Africa, 43 California 1935-1961, 63: indemnity bond estherae, 56 PCOs $2,000, California 1964, 54; Italy, gov- gilvus, 32, 37 ernment antitermite activities, 54: licensing lowland form, 57 PCOs, California, 54; recommendations for highland form, 57 city, 54; U.S., Internal Revenue Service, dam- giluus }. angusticeps syn. M. gilvus (Hag.), age deductible only if casualty proven in court, 78 54: Wisconsin, Sheboygan outlaws termites, gilvus var. borneensis syn. M. gilvus (Hag.), finds control difficult, 54 78 325-491 O - 68 - 12 174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 gilvus £. kalshoveni syn. M. giluus (Hag.), 78 Methyl bromide, 49, 61: Halide lamp, 15; pre- gilvus £. latinotum syn. M. gilvus (Hag.), 78 cautions in use of in fumigation, 15; tempera- giluus subsp. madurensis syn. M. gilvus ture above 65° F, 15, 49 (Hag.),7 8 Mexico, 6, 84, 99: Chiapas, 48, 101; El Naranjo, gilvus subsp. malayanus syn. M. gilvus San Luis Potosi, 77; Mexicali, 24, 101; northern, (Hagen), 78, 80 9, 43, 79; Veracruz, Cordoba, 79 giluus f{. padangensis syn. M._ gilvus Michigan, Freeport, Barry Co., 33 (Hagen),7 8 Microcapritermes n. gen., 79 gilvus £. philippinensis syn. M. gilvus (Hag.), pilosus n. sp., 79 78 valeriae n. sp., 78 herus, 36, 38 Microcerotermes, 32, 41, 42, 43 khajuriai, 80 arboreus, 53 maesodensis N. sp., 75 birot, 38 natalensis, 8, 26, 51, 85 burmanicus syn. of M. crassus Snyder, 78 serrulatus, 83 cameroni, 56 hopini, 83 championi raja n. subsp., 80 serrulatus syn. serrulatus Sny., 22 diversus, 37 Macrotermitidae, 44, 55 edentatus, 4, 46 Macrotermitinae, 50, 75 fletcheri, 8, 85 Madagascar: Mahabo, 77; Nossibé, 77; South implacidus, 66 West, 77; Tsihombe, 77; Tuléar, 77 minutus D. sp., 75 Magnetotaxis, 6, 9: imagos, dealated, 6; queens, 6, palestinensis, 83 10, 19, 40 paracelebensis n. sp., 75 Malagasitermes, rambanensis n. sp., 75 milloti, 43 Sp., 9, I2, 32, 42, 60 Malagasy zoogeographical region, 43, 97: Tana- SPP-, 19, 35 Narive, 44, 97 tenuignathus, Malathion, organophosphate, 72, 86 laxmi n. subsp., 80 uncatus n. sp., 78 Malaya, 14, 28, 37, 77, 94, 95, 96 Marginitermes n. gen., 77, 78 Microclimate, nests, 50, 57, 85 hubbardi, 77 Microhodotermes viator, 19, 39: Karoo, South Africa, 19, 39 * Marshall Islands, 78 Microorganisms, 8, 13, 24, 62-63, 64, 68: from Maryland, 32, 34, 100, 101: Anne Arundel Co., fungus gardens, 50; in intestines termites, 62 33; Baltimore, 33, 34; Beltsville, 73, 99; Bethesda, Montgomery Co., 53, 100; central and Microtermes, 6, 22, 35, 41, 42 southern sections swarms April 1965, 33; Col- aluco, 38 lege Park, Prince Georges Co., 39; Hyattsville, anandt, 6 Prince Georges Co., 34; Kensington, 53, 100; dimorphus n. sp., 83 Montgomery Co., 34; Prince Georges Co., 33, imphalensis n. sp., 80 34, swarm week ending April 8, 1966, 34; mycophagus, 24, 44 statewide swarming Reticulitermes flavipes week najdensis n. sp. Saudi Arabia, 77 ending Mar. 18, 1966, 34 obesi, 19, 23, 26, 27, 36, 37, 38, 78 Masking agents, 17: directory 1966, 17 pallidus, 78 Massachusetts, 33: eastern area, Reticulitermes revision of Microtermes from Indian region, April 30, 1966, swarming near peak, 34 76 Mastotermes darwiniensis, 8, 20, 21, 36, 37, 45, sp., 21 53> 55, 62, 90 spp., 56 Mastotermes, fossil, synonomy of species, 48 thoracalis, 26, 40 Mastotermitidae, 40, 56: genera included, 48; re- umsae n. sp., 78, 80 view of, 48; world distribution, 48 Millet, Italian, resistant to termites, India, 65 Mauritius, 22: Réunion Island, Port de Galles, 77 Mimeutermes, Metabolite (end product), 9, 45, 70: wood in- majusculus n. sp., 83 fected with a wood destroying fungus may pro- Minnesota, Windom, 33 duce a repellent, or toxic, or attractant metab- Mirocapritermes, olite to termites, 9, 50 concaveus N. sp., 75 Metamorphosis, 11, 69 latignathus n. sp., 75 Methoxychlor, 73, 86 prewensis n. sp., 75 NO. 3 INDEX 175 Mississippi, 71, 88, 89, 97, 98, 99: Gulfport, 73, termes, 8, 22, 32, 51; Odontotermes, 19, 22; 99; Horn Island, 44, 100 Thailand, 11 Missouri, 32, 52, 98, 99, 101: Callaway Co., Mounds, 38: age, 57; air-conditioned, 8, 57; Fulton area, 39; St. Louis Co., St. Louis, 22 Bellicositermes, bellicosus, 56, rex, 56, natalensis, Mites, Acarina, 4, 85: causing human lesions, 56; composition, 56; description, Trinervitermes, build-up in fumigated houses, Hawaii, scav- West Africa, 5, 10, auriterrae, 57, carbonarius, engers on dead termites, 61; control, piperonyl 57, ebenerianus, 57, oeconomus, 57, suspensus, butoxide and pyrethrins in oil base, 61; Pye- 57; destruction, 19, 21, Africa, by an ant, 61, motes, potential parasites, 60; scavengers, vectors Australia, 21, India, with chlorinated hydro- of disease, 9; termitophiles, China, 85 carbons, DDT, BHC, aldrin, dieldrin, cost, 18, Moisture: faulty drains cause accumulation exces- 19, 25; development, pedogenetic, 51; distri- sive amount, 28; leaks due to improper flash- bution, 57; effect on fertility soil, Ivory Coast ing led to second-story infestation, 24; optimum savanna, 56; effect of reworking by termites and amount, 52, 58 of erosion on the pedogenetic development of Molds, 50: reduce longevity termites, 9 mounds of Bellicositermes rex, 51; high, 4o feet, Molt, moult, 7, 46, 64: regressive, 46, 69; sta- 7, 30 feet, 8; increment, annual, 57; Macro- tionary, 69 termes, 8, 22, 32, 51, 56, 80; Nasutitermes, Molting, moulting, 13: glands, 69 21; Odontotermes feae builds mound only Morphology, 28, 55-56, 59, 68, 75, 77, 78, 80: occasionally, Orissa, Barkuda Island, Chilka abnormalities, 56, 60; adipose tissue royal higher Lake, 57; Odontotermes obesus, measurements, termites, 55; adipose tissue various castes, 57; plant cover reduced, 56; primary, 19, 57; ergastoplasm development queen, 55, Calo- savanna, distribution correlated with environ- termes flavicollis, new type cell, endolophycyte, ment, 56; secondary, 19; size, 10, 56; size, 55; antennal sense organs, ontogeny, innerva- distribution, Trinervitermes, 42, 57; soil nearby tion, 46, 55: Bellicositermes natalensis, 7; impoverished, decrease water retaining capacity, brain, comparative, in relation to polymorphism, 56; structure, Trimervitermes, 57; supplemen- 56; cephalic musculature, various castes, 56; tary, 57; vegetated massive, Macrotermes and chaetotaxy castes, 55; dealated adults, early Odontotermes Northern Rhodesia, origin, num- adaptation thoracic musculature to function ber per acre, 56; woody growth aided by flight, 55; endocrine organs, 12, behavior, 12, improving drainage and root penetration, 56 70; endocrine system, 12, 14, 70; external, Mycterotermes n. gen., 82 Anacanthotermes macrocephalus, 55; external meringocephalus n. sp., 82 genitalia, 51, 55; eye development, 56; feeding apparatus, 55; head termites, modifications N inter- and intra-specific various castes, three families, 56; intestine (mid-gut) queen, higher Nasutitermes, 20, 21, 22, 24, 35, 44, 69, 70, 79 termites, 55; morphology and function mandi- anamalaiensis, 56, 79 bles soldiers, 55; musculature, 55, 56, 60; arboreus, 57 nerves, alary and tracheae organogenesis, 55; beckeri n. sp., 56, 79 Nervous system, 55-56; central behavior, 70; brunneus, 79 neurosensorial antennal organs, innervation, ceylonicus, 79 55; organelle, new microtubule-associated, 56; chaquimayensis, 53 ovipositor, comparative study mantis, Masto- cherraensis n. sp., 80 columbicus, 14 termes darwiniensis and 24 species cockroaches, communis n. sp., 83 evolution, 45, 55; prothoracic glands, 12; corniger, 53, 70 protocerebrum, 56; soldier, 7, 55, 75; sternal costalis, 53 glands, 55, 56, 70; stomodeal system, behavior, crassicornis, 79 70; subgenual organ Zootermopsis angusticollis, deltocephalus n. sp., 83 55; tentorial gland, various castes and stages, diabolus, 83 55; tentorial system, behavior, 70; thorax, 55, dimorphus n. sp., 75 degeneration wing muscles in, 55; worker, 10, emersoni, 79 55 ephratac, 6, 13, 53, 56, 58-59, 65, 84 Mortality, 14, 59, 60, 65, 90: rate under con- erectinasus N. sp., 83 trolled conditions of humidity and temperature exitiosus, 12, 20, 21, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, in laboratory, 4, 58 73, 89, 90 Mound-building termites, 11, 21, 22, 61: ancient fletcheri, 79 architect, 57; destruction of, India, 19; Macro- fulvus n. sp., 83 176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 gardneri, 79 Neocapritermes, garoensis n. sp., 80 opacus parvus, 85 grandinasus n. sp., 83 Neocene age, fossil, 93 graveolus, 70 Neoteinics, 4, 7, 11, 42, 46: number, 9; supple- guayanac, 53 mentary reproductives, 4, 8, 55, 56 hirticeps n. sp., 82 Neotermes, 26, 35, 36, 38, 81 horn, 79 andamanensis, 81 Indian region, artocarpi, 81 keys to, 79 assmuthi, 81 list of, 79 bosei, 68, 82 number of species 20 in 1959, 79 buxensis n. sp., 82 indicola, 79 chilensis, 53 jalpaigurensis n. sp., 79 connexus, 53 kali n. sp., 80 dalbergiae, 82 lacustris, 79 europae, 44 lujae, 5 fletcheri, 82 matangensis matangensis, 79 gardneri syn. of bosei, 38, 82 matangensis matangensiformis £. matangensi- grandis, 82 oides, 79 greent, 36, 82 moratus, 79 kemneri n. sp., 82 morio, 60 ketelensis, 82 nigriceps, 53, 83 koshunensis, 82 oculatus, 79 lagunensis, 82 orthonasus n. sp., 83 longipennis, 82 parafulvus n. sp., Bulbitermes?, 83 malatensis, 82 perparvus Nn. Sp., 75 mangiferae n. sp., 82 princeps, 38 medius, 82 processionarius, 79 megaoculatus lakhimpuri n. subsp., 82 rippertil, 53 megaoculatus megaoculatus n. sp., 82 roboratus, 79 microoculatus n. sp., 82 sinuosus n. sp., Bulbitermes?, 83 microphthalmus, 82 SD: 12, 13; 30,455 69 militaris, 36, 38, 82 spp., 69 var. unidentatus is a syn., 82 suknensis n. sp., 79 Oriental, thanensis n. sp., 79 keys to, 81 tungsalangensis n. sp., 75 list of, 81 walkeri, 69 number of 28 (1960), 81 Nasutitermitinae, 79: revision subfamily from parviscutatus, 82 Ethiopian region, 82 Nasutins: coumarin-like substance isolated from pishinensis, 82 haemolymph Nasuititermes sp. appear to be rainbow, 36 derivatives of ellagic acid, may function as saleierensis, 82 antibiotics in living insects, Australia, 69, 70 sinensis, 82 Nasutus, (i), masutes, 14 sonneratiae, 82 National Academy of Sciences: public symposium sp., 26, 38 on scientific aspects pest control Washington, spp., 38 D.C., Feb. 1-3, 1966, 17; chemical pest controls tectonae, 82 approved if applied carefully, 17; important fac- zuluensis, 51 tors that influence persistence insecticides in Neotropical zoogeographical region, 77, 79, I0I- soil, 17; organophosphorous group less per- 102 sistent in soil than chlorinated hydrocarbons, 17 Nepal, 31 National Collection Isoptera, N.C.I., Pretoria, 82, Nests, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 21, 41, 51, 52, 55, 56-57; 83 76, 78, 85: air-conditioned, South Africa, 8, 43, National Pest Control Assoc., NPCA, Elizabeth, 51, 57; American tropics, 8; ants occupy, 10; New Jersey, 15, 16, 17, 19, 86, 87 Apicotermes, 6, 9, evolution building, 57, func- Nearctic zoogeographical region, 11, 97-101 tions structures, 57, gas diffusion system, 57, Nebraska: Ashland, 7, 98; Lincoln, Lancaster limiting factor distribution, 41, phylogenetic Co., 33: Lincoln Co., 33 tree, 57; Australia, 21, 24, 85, complex, 21; NO. 3 INDEX 7 carton, 6, 11, 12, 31-32; China, Odontotermes Northward spread termites: Canadian provinces, (O) formosanus, 57; construction, 9; coopera- 23; causes, 23; Europe, 42; United States, 23 tive, 5; destruction, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 40; ex- Nutrition, 9, 58-59: development dependent on, posure to dry air for half day kills colony 59, 69; effect of fungi, 50, 58; effect on poly- Nasutitermes arboreus, 57; Florida species, 9; morphism, 69; feeding habits, 58-59; grass galleries of nests, 6; isolated, 19; Macrotermes fragments stored in mounds by foraging Tri- bellicosus, mass exodus, 8; Macrotermes mounds, nervitermes, 5; humidity influence on nourish- height, population, 8, 56, 57; material analysis, ment and food selection, 58-59; Termitin, 59; 12-13, 56; meridian, 8; microclimate 86° F in Termitomyces conidia fed on by larvae Reticuli- tropics, 79° in temperate zone, 50, 57, 84; termes flavipes, 59 Mound. «5577, 8. TOS, 10, 21,225.25, 32. 42, Nymphs, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 41, 46, 50, 58, 59, 56, 57, 61; nesting habits, 10, 57; Philippines, 61, 64, 69, 80 Macrotermes gilvus, probable relation altitude to mound-building habit, 57; savanna, 8, British O Guiana, 56; structures illustrated, 8; tree, 8, 21, 22, 85; Trinervitermes, West Africa, man- Obituary, 59 modified habitats, species segregation, densi- Oceania: Djampea Island, 82; Saleier Island, 82 ties, population greater in cleared areas, 57; Odontotermes (O), 6, 19, 22, 25, 26, 35, 40, 41, Zootermopsis laticeps, Arizona, 9 42, 56, 81 Nevada, 100: East Las Vegas, Clark Co., 32; Lake angustignathus n. sp., 83 Tahoe area, 33; Las Vegas, Clark Co., 33; Nye assamensis, 19 Co., 44; Pine Creek, Spring Mountains, Clark assamensis syn. O. obesus (Rambur), 78 Co., 38, 44; Reno, Washoe Co., 33, 34, 353 assmuthti, 10, 38, 47, 67; 79 Reno-Sparks area, Washoe Co., 33, 35; Washoe badius? ; 6, 85 Co., 33; Winnemucca, Humboldt Co., 35 bangalorensis syn. O. obesus (Rambur), 78 New Caledonia, Noumea, 77 bellahunisensis, 80 New Guinea, 26, 35, 38, 76, 103: Bulolo, 35; guptai n. subsp., 80 Dutch, 38, 103; Gazelle Peninsula, 35; Lae, 53, brunneus kushwahai n. subsp., 80 103; New Britain, 35, 38, 103; New Ireland, feae, 38, 57 35, 38, 103; Wau, 35; West, 31, 95 formosanus, 7, 37, 43, 57; 84, 90 New Hampshire, Durham, 33 garambae, 76 New Hebrides: Ambryn, 77; Espiritu Santo Island, giriensis n. sp., 80 Hog Harbor, 78 gurdaspurensis, 75 New Jersey, 24, 32, 33, 99, 100: Reticulitermes hainanensis, 78, 90 sp. winged active many areas, week ending horae n. sp., 80 March 11, 1966, 34; swarms prevalent and horni, 62, 79 numbers higher in 1965 than 1964, 32; termites kapuri n. sp., 80 rank no. 2 with PCOs as pests, 31 latericius, 85 New Zealand, go, 92: list termites in plantations, maesodensis n. sp., 75 45; North Island, 35, 92 mathadi n. sp., 81 New York, 11: Nassau Co., 33 meturensis, 81 New York Zoological Society Tropical Research mucrodentatus n. sp., 81 Center in British Guiana, 5 abesus, 4, 6, 10 23, 24,925, 26, 27, 353 30; North America, 77, 83, 99, 100 37, 38, 50, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65 79, 81 North Carolina, 24, 27, 28, 32, 99, 100, IOI: var. oculatus syn. O. obesus (Rambur), 78 Cleveland Co., 33; Fayetteville, Cumberland orissae syn. O. obesus (Rambur), 78 Co., 39; Guilord Co., 1965, Reticulitermes paralatigula n. sp., 75 flavipes swarms in April; R. virginus in June, paraoblongatus n. sp., 75 infestation school system 1966, 33, 35; Newton parvidens, 19, 67 Grove, 39; Orange Co., 32; Structural Pest Con- proformosanus 0. Sp., 75 trol Commission, 28; swarms R. flavipes 1965 redemanni, 8, 28, 45, 51 late March through May, 32; Wake Co., R. So. Africa distribution map, 42 flavipes swarms in April 1965, March 1966, sp., 32 33> 34 Spp., 19, 35, 52, 89 North Dakota, 44, 83, 100, 101: Billings Co., 44, sudanensis, 38 45; Emmons Co., Eastern, 44, 45; McKenzie takensis n. sp., 75 Co., Central, 44, 45; Slope Co., S.W., N.W., 44, yunnanensis 0. sp., 83 45 odor trail, 5, 13, 69, 70 178 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Ohio, 100, 101: Cincinatti, Hamilton Co., 33; Termitariaceae, ectoparasitic fungi, including Cleveland, 98; Darke Co., 39; Franklin Co., 33; Termitaria snyderi on Nasutitermes morio. A Hamilton Co., 33; Kent, 31, 99; Loudonville, new genus Sylviacollaea, type termitaria de- Knox Co., 32, 100; Morrow Co., 33; southern, scribed, Dominican Republic, 60; Zygomycetes, peak swarming mid to late Feb. 1966; 1965 Entomophthorales, Entomophthora, entomoge- April to May, 34; Wayne Co., 33; Wright- nous fungi, 60 Patterson Air Force Base near Fairborn, Greene Parathion, organo-phosphate, 72, 86 Co., 53; Wyandot Co., 33 Paris green, 20 Oklahoma, 34, 86, 101: Comanche Co., 54; Kay Parthenogenesis, 28: Kalotermes beesoni, regular, Co., 33; Noble Co., 33; Oklahoma Co., 34; normal, 6-7; not important in evolution ter- Payne Co., 33, 34; Tillman Co., Grandfield mites, 14; not observed in Odontotermes area, 39; Tulsa Co., 34, Tulsa, 34 assmuthi, 10 Ontogenesis, 4, 8, 55, 56 Paste, protective: India, “indopaste’’ for tree Oogenesis, histochemical data in, 45 wounds, 19 Operculitermes n. gen., 83 P.C.O. conference, 14 Fam. Rhinotermitidae, 83 P.C.O. equipment directory, 15, 17 Heterotermitinae, 83 P.C.O. News, Los Angeles, California, 22 latilabrum Tsai et Chen, 84 PCO, pest control operator, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, minutus n. sp., 84 20, 21, 31, 68, 86, 87, 98 sinensis n. sp., 83 Pennsylvania: Centre Co., 34; Mt. Airy, Phila- sinensis sinensis subsp. type, 84 delphia, 53, 100; Pittsburgh, 73 sinensis sinensis inclinatus n. subsp., 84 Pentachlorophenol, PCP: soil poison, 26, 72, 73; sinensis sinensis latipedunculus n. subsp., wood preservative, 88, 89, 90, 91 84 Pericapritermes, 55 Oregon, 21, 98, 99, 101: coast, 34; Coos Co., 34; desaegeri n. sp., 76 mid-Willamette Valley towns, 34; western sec- semarangi, 78 tion, 34 tetraphilus, 78 Organophosphorus compounds, 17, 72: toxicity, Peru, 36, 101 relative, 86 Pest control, Hawaii, 5 Oriental zoogeographical region, 45, 78, 79, 81 Pest control industry, 16: amount business, mar- Oscillation, 13, 70 ket for pesticides, 74; size, 74; statistics— _ Oxygen, 46, 57, 60 Australia, 20, number firms, 20, United States, 74 P Pesticides, 54, 59: cost testing, 86; directory, 16, 17; disposal surplus and empty containers, 87; Pakistan, 36, 74: list of species, 31; number hazard, 20, 24, 86, 87; misuse, 86, 87; respira- genera and species, 31, 41; West, 36, 41, 76, 81, tory devices for protection against, 86; safe use 94, Pishin, 82 of, 16, 86, 87; suppliers, name, address, 16, 17. Palaearctic zoogeographical region, 45, 102 See also Fumigants; Insecticides. Palau Islands, Koror Island, 78 Pests, termites as, worst in world, cause 250- Paleozoic, 8 million-dollar annual loss in the U.S., 28 Panama, Canal Zone, 88, 89, 101, Barro Colorado pH, 4, changes in soil in Burma due to vital ac- Island, 62, 79, 101 tivity termites, 52 Papua, 26, 38, 103 ’ Pheromones, “‘social hormones,’ chemical signals, Papuan zoogeographical region, 78, 79, 103 12, 13-14: alarm, 13, 14, 70; chemical identity, Paraguay, Tacuru Pucu, 85 14; control of castes, 11, 12, 13-14; control in Paraneotermes simplicornis, 32, 33 organization insect societies, 13, 69; determine Parasites, 50, 59-60, 61: Absidia coerulea, 60; castes, regulate activity colony, 12, 14, 69; ecto- Aspergillus flavus, fungus, 59; Bacillus thurin- hormones, 12; influence development poly- giensis, 60; Diplocystis zootermopsidis n. sp., morphism, 69; influence endocrine system gregarine, 60; Dipterous larva distorts head 3 larvae and nymphs, 14, 69; inhibitory, sex- types soldiers Acanthotermes acanthothorax, specific in replacement reproductives, 7, 12, 14, some have incompletely developed mandibles, 69; involved in supplementary reproductive de- 60; entomophilic nematodes, 60; Entomophthora velopment, 13, 14, 69; mine categories of re- coronata, fungus, 60; Paracoleomitus grassei, sponses, 13-14; responses, 9 categories, chemical schizophyte, 60; Phorid fly larva distorts soldier communication, 13-14; responsible for social head Bellicositermes bellicosus, in form myiasis, regulation colony, 13-14, 69; scent-trail, 14, 69; 60; Pyemotes mites, potential parasites, 60; sex in superorganism, 69; signal, pheromone, NO. 3 INDEX 179 chemical, olfactory or oral, 13, 14; soldier con- Population, 11, 12, 61: Coptotermes acinaciformis trolling, Nasutitermes exitiosus, 69; stimulating, tree nest, 61, frenchi, 61, spp., 61; fluctuations 69; ‘surface,’ 14; ‘trail pheromone” secretion and movement mound Trinernervitermes ebe- of gland on 5th sternite Zootermopsis nerianus, numbers per acre, 57, 61; Macro- nevadensis leads termites to follow trail, 69; termes mound, 57, 61; Odontotermes obesus, trail ‘“‘scent’ pheromones isolated, Nasutitermes 57; Porotermes adamsoni tree nest, 61; South exitiosus soldier, characteristics, 69, 70; volatile, American termite 3 million, 10; varies with 14, 69 temperature, 61 Philippine Islands, 10, 37, 38, 44, 57, 95, 96, 105: Porotermes, Baguio City, 49; key to termites, 83; list of ter- adamsoni, 7-8, 21, 36, 37, 61, 84 mites, 32, 83; Luzon, 82, Manila, Culi Culi, 81; quadricollis, 53 Mindanao, 81; Negros Island, 82 So. African distribution map, 42 Phototactic: negatively, 47; positively, 47 temperature favorable, 84 Phyletic relationships: cockroaches and termites, Porotermitinae, 55 46, comparative morphology of proventriculus, Portugal, 10, 31, 35, 37, 38, 65, 102, 103 female genitalia, 45, comparative oviposition Postelectrotermes n. gen., 77, 78 behavior, 45 bhimi n. sp., 81 Phylogenesis, 8, 45, 57, 60, 76, 77, 80, 82: Macro- praecox, 77 termitinae, 50; phylogenetic study, Kaloter- tongyail, 74 mitidae, 60, 78 Posts, treated, length life, Mississippi, 89 Physiology, 28, 60-61: endocrine phenomena, 60; Powderpost termites, 27 of the development of polymorphism of ter- Predators, 61-62: ants—Dorylus (Typhlopone) mites, 61 dentifrons on Bellicositermes natalensis, Africa, Piedmont region, 7, 72, 98 61, Paltothyreus battle with soldier Bellicosi- Piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins, in oil base, termes natalensis, Africa, 62, Africa, Belgian control mites, Hawaii, 61 Congo, 62, important check termites in tropics, Plastics: cellulose esters, 89; polyethylene, 42, 66, 10, India, list of, 62, Madras, myrmicine ants 89; polythene, 87; polyurethane foam, 42; used to protect structural timbers in warehouses, resistance, 66, 89; tests (field) Australia, 10, South Queensland, Australia, species doli- Rollingstone, polyethylene sheathings on cables choderine ants occupy 80% of nests of common more resistant than polyvinyl chloride, espe- species of termites, 10; birds—India, 62, 17 cially by the addition of a nylon coating, 89, species feeding on winged, Barro Colorado go; tests (laboratory) Australia, addition of Island, Canal Zone, Panama, 62; cockroaches, non-toxic mineral filler to plastic reduces sus- 61, 62—India, 62, Periplaneta americana preyed ceptibility to termites without affecting physical on winged termites in house, Calcutta, India, properties, 66, polyvinyl chloride plasticized 61; control by cockroaches not feasible, 62; with tricresyl phosphate more termite resistant dragonflies, India, 62; flies, muscid, robber, than phthalate plasticized material; addition India, 62; Hemiptera: Reduviidae Tegea hard silica or zircon flour fillers increases re- atropicta, 61-62; lizards, India, 62; mammals, sistance, 87, 89; tests of resistance, Czecho- India, 62; mites, 60, 61; pseudoscorpion, Calo- slovakia, 66, 67 cheiridius n. sp., 61; rat, white-bellied, India, Pliotermes, fossil, synonym of Mastotermes, 48 62; snake, Leptotyphlops, 62; toads, narrow- Plumber’s torch, used when drilling, 23 mouthed Breviceps rosei, Africa, 62 Plywood, termite-proof through glue line poisons, Pretreatment, 11, 18, 21, 27, 73: field tests, soil 90; wood preservative treatment, 21, 91 poisons, U.C.L.A., 72; laboratory tests, soil Poison baits, not effective in Australia, 21 poisons, U.C.L.A., 16; midwest United States, Poison Control Centers, 86, 87 26; Washington, D. C., 19 Poisoning by insecticides, 87: few adults, 86; most Procapritermes, important children, 86; practical hazard misuse, 86 albipennis n. sp., 83 longignathus n. sp., 75 Polyethylene waterproof membrane, 15, 18, 21 prosetiger N. Sp., 75 Polymorphism, 9, 11: anatomy of brain, com- parative, in relation to, 56; development under Procryptotermes, influence pheromones and factors nourishment, corniceps, 77 69; physiology of development of, 60; social dhari n. sp., 80 control of, 69 falcifer n. sp., 77 Polysaccharides, 45: of symbiotic flagellates, 40, krishna, 77 63 speisert, 77 180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Procubitermes, 85 keys to soldiers grandiceps, militaris, spiniger, Promurotermes, 76 pygmaeus n. sp., 76 laticeps var. militaris, 76 Proneotermes, 77, 78 spp., 76 perezi, 77 Pseudergates, full grown larvae, Kalotermes, 69 Prorhinotermes, large nymph-like stage performs duties workers, inopinatus, 41 14 shiva n. sp., 82 Pseudocapritermes, tibiaoensiformis n. sp., 74 fontanellus n. sp., 79 Protermes, parasylvaticus n. sp., 75 proregens, 85 tikadari, n. sp., 80 Protoblattoids, 8 Pseudoworker, 64, 80, 81, 82: longevity effects of temperature and humidity on, 47; nymph Protozoa, 8, 62-63, 64, 68: cytochemical studies, performs duties of true worker in Kalo- 63; defaunation flagellate, 62; differentiation termitidae, 68 genera earlier than Kalotermitid, 63; digestion enzymes of Heterotermes indicola, 63; effect of Pterotermes, 78 insect hormones on flagellate, 62; flagellates of Puerto Rico, 74, 77, 102 Holomastigotoides and Rostronympha, 62; Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana, 17: flagellate order Trichomonadida, keys to, 63; Pest Control Conference, 17 gregarine Sphaerocystis termitis from Capri- Pyrenees, Kalotermes flavicollis stops at, 42 termes incola, India, 62; gregarines from non- xylophagous termite Speculitermes cyclops Q sinhalensis Dharwar, India, 63; Hypermastigida, 63; immunological response between flagellates Quaternary, soil formations, 51 in roach, termite, rabbit, 62; list flagellates, Queens, 5, 11, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 64, 75, 77, 82: India, 63; list symbiotic in Kalotermitidae, 63, Coptotermes formosanus, 6, 11; Coptotermes 77; live in rectal sac, 63; Metaclevelandella havilandi, 11; length life, 10; locating cell in termitis n. gen., n. sp. heterotrichous ciliate primary mound by magnetic compass, 19; (fam. Clevelandellidae in Indian Capritermes Macrotermes, physogastric, 80, size, 8, weight incola), 63; mode transmission, 63; number, in Liberia 35.5 grams, 7; Nastutitermes ephratae, India, 63, world, 63; oxygen toxic to, 46, 60; increasing oviposition by, 6; number in one percentage weight termites, 63; physiology of colony, 11; Odontotermes, 19, badius?, 6, digestion wood, 40; Polymastigida, 62, 63; poly- obesus, 10, 4 queens, 2 kings, 10, size, 10, spp., saccharides of symbiotic flagellates, 63; statistics, size, 57. See also Egg laying rate by. 63; symbiont, 11; symbiont Oxymonas chilensis n. sp., flagellate in Calotermes chilensis, 63; R symbiosis in Heterotermes longiceps, 62; Stepha- nonympha calotermitis n. sp., flagellate in Calo- Racket, 63, 71: termite business legalized racket termes chilensis, 63; temperatures lethal for in California?, 63; termite industry not becom- flagellates in Calotermes chilensis, 62; Tricho- ing a racket in California, 63 monas gigantea, function of centrioles in re- Radiation, 64-65, 88: atomic wastes gradually reduce fertility, 23, 64; biological influence ex- production, 63; Trichonympha collaris, cen- posure to Co”, longevity, egg laying, produc- trioles of, 63. See also Flagellates. tion soldier caste decreased, formula for in- Psammotermes, fluence, 64; control by atomic wastes “Co, Sr, Africa, 64; radioactive isotopes, 64; radiobiological ex- Kalahari, 42 periments, 64; roentgen dosages, 64-65; wood Sudan, properties changed by gamma-radiation, 64 fuscofemoralis, 44 Radioactive phosphorus, food exchange relation- Algeria, ships in Cubitermes fungifaber traced by, 64 hybostoma, 62 Radioisotopes: food exchange relationships in India, 80 Cryptotermes brevis traced by, 64; strontium desert areas, 44 and cobalt differences in action, 23, 64 rajasthanicus, 44, 80 Rearing, 65: asbestos cement containers, 65; birch Pseudacanthotermes, 50 tongue blades termitaries, 9; Felcourt Research biology spp. Tanganyika, 76 Laboratories, Sussex, England, controlled con- habitats, 76 ditions, 65; glass plates, 65; historical, Jucci- Aarrisensis n. sp., 40, 50, 83 Grassé tube, Liischer plate-type termitarium, 65; NO. 3 INDEX 181 infested board covered with glass sheet in water, 67; tests, field, 65, 66, 67, laboratory, 65, 66, 65; laboratory culturing, India Odontotermes 67, 68; tropical, 65 obesus, fungus comb helps colony development, Respiration termites, 46: correlation of intensity 65; Petri dishes, Portugal, 65 with changes in the impulse frequency of Remodeling buildings, include termite control, atmospherics, 6, 46; higher with minimum pretreatment soil poisoning, less costly, drain- atmospherics, 6, 51; ratio of caste-member and age, cross ventilation, vapor barrier, 18, 19, 22, carbon dioxide in nest of a colony, 9 24, 25, 26 Respiratory devices, 4, 8: respirators, limitations, Repellents, 40, 88: directory 1966, 17; extractives use and care, 86; gas masks, life of canisters, from resistant woods, 89; fungus, end products, 86; list of pesticides, 86; precautions, 86 50 Reticulitermes, 5, 7, 26, 27, 34, 47, 49, 65, 68, 73 Reproductives, 61, 69: castes, types of, in sub- affinis n. sp., 77 terranean termites, 11, primary, macropterous, arenincola, 3 9, 11, secondary, replacement, or supplementary, chinensis, 6, 37 3, 8, 14, 46, 60, 64, apterous, 11, brachypterous, leptomandibularis n. ssp., 77 11; developed from workers, 10; elimination clypeatus, 66, 77 of, 12; egg production secondary pairs de- curvatus N. sp., 77 creased with fewer supporting workers, 60; damage to woods, 3, 4, 30, 31, 32, 335 34, 355 longevity secondary pair increased with in- 37; 38, 39, 42 creased number supporting workers, 60; num- distribution genus, 75 bers, 10, 11, 57; polygamous, 11; primary, 9; European, 7, 9, 23, 60, 65, 77 replacement, 12, 14, 69; size, 6, 7, 8, 10, 56, flaviceps, 6, 11, 67 57; substitute, 10; supplementary, 9, 10, 12, 69 flavipes, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 23, 31, 32; 33, 34; Residue, 49, 72, 86: test, by bio-assay to measure, 35 39) 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51, 53, 58; 25-26, 71, 72, 74, chemical soil analysis, 72, 59, 60, 71, 73, 83, 85 colorimetric system, 72, FHA-developed soil grandis n. sp., 77 test kit to check termiticide residues, 71 hageni, 39, 51 Resistant fiber cloth, PAN Nos. 4, 5, and 6, syn- hesperus, 24, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35» 38, 39, 51, 60 thetic fiber cloth resistant to subterranean ter- labralis n. sp., 77 mites Odontotermes spp. for 16 months, India, longicephalus n. sp., 83 67 lncijugus, 65.7519, 10) 2551305) 305 3251355375 Resistant plants, 65: millet, Italian in India, 65 38, 42, 44, 46, 47, 51, 60, 62, 65, 66, 67, Resistant plastics, 66, 68 79; 77, 90 Resistant woods, 65-68: Africa, Ethiopia, 66, var. santonensis, 46, 55, 58, 65, 77 Tanganyika, 65, West, 65; Australia, 65, 66, santonnensis, 4 67, Acacia harpophylla, brigalow, 66, Callitris santonensis, 13, 22, 43, 59 intratropica, cypress pine, 66, 67, eucalypts— saraswati n. sp., 80 jarrah, red gum, iron barks, spotted gum, white speratus, 12, 37, 40, 43, 53, 84 mahogany, wandoo; non-eucalypts: turpentine, brush-box, cypress pine, 21, 66, Eucalyptus Sp. 12, 13, 31, 32, 33> 34, 35» 44, 45 eastern United States, 7, 33, 34, 39, 44, 75 microcorys, tallow wood, 66, 67, Tectona grandis, teak, 66, 67, Western Australia, SpP., 7, 10, II, 33, 34, 90 Eucalyptus marginata, jarrah, E. redunca and tibialis, 7, 33, 345 35» 44s 45 51, 53, 83 Acacia acuminata, jam, 66, Achras zapota, Cen- virginicus, 31, 33, 34, 59, 60 tral America, 66, relative resistance 10 species Reviews and abstracts, 68 Eucalyptus, 66; Callitris columellaris, 50, 67; Rhadinotermes n. gen., 82 China, Fraxinus chinensis, 67; Cotylelobium coarctatus (Sjostedt) n. comb., melanoxylon, 65; Czechoslovakia, 66, 67; Dipto- Rhinotermitidae, 8, 12, 40, 41, 42, 43, 51, 56, 58, carpus sp., 65; exotic woods, heartwood, 67; 75, 78, 82, 83 extractives, chemical cause resistance, 67; Fitz- Rhode Island: Saunderstown, Washington Co., roya cupressoides, 67; France, list tropical 32; swarms R. flavipes common mid-March to woods, 65; Germany, 65, 67, 68; India, 65, 66, late May 1965, 32, 33 68; Indonesia, 65; Khaya anthoteca, 65; Koom- Rodenticides, 17, 86 passia malacensis, 65; longevity Heterotermes indicola in sawdust, 66, 68; Machilus sp., 67; Rotten wood termites, 27 Sequoia dendron giganteum, 67; Shorea sp., Rubber Research Inst., Malaya, 14 65; Shorea stenoptera, 65; Spain, 67; Tectona Rubber trees, 28 grandis, 65, 66, 67; Ternstroemia gymnothera, Ryukyu Islands, 43, 95 182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 s Shorea, resistant wood, robusta, 24 St. Helena, 102: Jamestown, 42 sp., 65 Saint Vincent Island, West Indies, Sandy Bay, 79 stenoptera, 65 Salmalia malabarica, Indian wood used to test Siam. See Thailand. seasonal incidence of Odontotermes obesus, 6 Silica, 87, 89: aerogel dust prevents attack by Salvador, El, Volcan de Santa Ana, Dept. Santa drywood termites, 20, 27 Ana, 77 Social life: colony among insects a unit entity, Sardinia, 31, 37, 103 superorganism, 8; comparison man and termite Sarvaritermes n. gen., society: man can reason, power to choose, ter- faveolus n. sp., 35, 75 mite mechanical, guided by instinct, 7, 8-9; Saudi Arabia, 77, 102: Jidda, 82 homeostatic regulation of, 12; society among Scent trail. See Odor trail. man, individual independent, 7 Schedorhinotermes, Society, among insects, 8, 10, 78 intermedius, 21 Sodium pentachlorophenate, soil poison, 72, 73 magnus n. sp., 83 Soil: analysis chemical content, bioassay, 25, 26, rectangularis n. sp., 74 72, 74, chemical, 72; arthropods of forest floor, tiwarit n. sp., 82 7; clay, 28, 72, 74; effect termites on, 5, 9, 52; Schizophyte, parasite, Paracoleomitus grassei, 60 formations, Quaternary, 51; insects, 74; laterite, Secretions, 13, 68-70: alarm pheromones in 48; moisture, 7, 51-52, 56, 58-59; peat, 28; Termitidae, Australia, 70; Amino acids, free, penetration by chemicals, 22, 71, 72; relation- from egg, worker, soldier Coptotermes formo- ships between termites and tropical soils, 5, 38, sanus, 13, 68; coumarin-like substance from 52, 50; sandy, 25,. 72, 73; 74; tea soussese> Nasutitermes, Australia, 69; defensive in Nasuti- termites and soil stratification, 22, 51; treatment, termes exitiosus may be unsaturated terpene-like preconstruction, 17, 18, 19, 54, 72, 743 tropical, hydrocarbons, 69, 70; ejection, for defense, 11, 26, 52; types soil, muck most absorbent, 72; 69, 70; exohormone of queen honeybee, 69; mineral soils require less insecticide, 72 nasutins may be antibiotic, 69, 70; odor trail, Soil poisons, baits, dusts, repellents, 17, 22, 26, 27, substance in sternal gland Zootermopsis 28, 47, 71-74, 90: application equipment, 17; nevadensis and Nasutitermes corniger, 69, 70; chlorinated hydrocarbons, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, seal hole or crack, Cryptotermes havilandi, 11; 72: inactivated by soils, 16, 74; detection place- scent-trail in Nasutitermes soldiers, Australia, ment with red iron oxide dye mix, 71; emul- 69, 70; terpenes in Nasutitermes soldiers, sions, 17, 21, 25, 71, 73; faulty drains may lead Australia, volatile component defensive secre- to leaching, 28; FHA standards for use of, tions, 69, 70 17, 20; fire hazard, 16; guarantee by PCOs, Sense organs, 69, 70-71: antennal olfactory re- 21; how long effective, 17, 24, 25, 27, 71, 72, ceptors, Zootermopsis angusticollis, 46, 70; 73, 74; in pretreatment slabs, treat drains, 73; chordotonal systems, 56; ontogenesis innerva- list of, 17; mix, how to, 17; odor masking, 17; tion antennal sense organs, 55, 56; peripheral, organophosphorous, 17, 72; pretreatment 16, 55; sternal gland, 55, 56, 69, 70; subgenual 18, 19, 20, 26, 72, 73; residual effectiveness, organ in Zootermopsis angusticollis, perception 72, 73, 74, BHC mixed with dieldrin more of vibration, located in dorsal blood-space of the effective than insecticides alone, 72; residues, ubia, 55, 70, 71; thin-walled sensory pegs on methods of estimating in soils treated for antenna worker Reticulitermes flavipes, 71 termites, 71, 72, 74, rate accumulation in Illinois, 72; rodding, 17, 20, 26, 27, 73, 743 Serratia, 4, 9 rods, injector, limitations, 73-74; soil penetra- marcescens, 4 tion by, 71, persistence in, 23, 72, 73, factors Setaria italica, \talian millet resistant to termites, influence, 73; soil test kit, 16: FHA-developed, 65 to check termiticides, residues, how to use, 71; Sex differences, 7, 55 tests, Africa South, 74, West, 25, Australia, Sexuals, functional, 28, replacement, o Riverina, 72, 73, field, 72, 73, California, Shavings, chemical changes in poplar wood, U.C.L.A., field, 72, laboratory, 72, Canal Zone, caused by Microcerotermes edentatus, 46 Panama, field, 88-89, Florida, field, 73, India, Shell DD, insecticide, 14 field, 23, 25, Mississippi, field, 71, 73; treat- Shields, caps, 14, 16, 20, 22, 71, 86: ineffective in ment, 17, 18, 20, 73, 74; trenching, 17, 22, 23; northeast Georgia, reasons for, 71; metal bar- waterlogged soils could not be penetrated until riers, 11, 25, 71, 86; no longer considered effec- pressure relieved, 24; wells, minimum distance tive, 71; small home construction, in, 71 from application, 17, 20, 27 NO. 3 INDEX 183 Soldiers, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 41, 46, 47, 50, 51, 55, Subulitermes, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, hainesi Fuller in Baucaliotermes n. gen., 82 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84: differentiation, 12, 14, SD 7, 69; dimorphic in Termitinae, 75; percentage Sudan, Republic of, 26, 36, 38, 40, 44, 50, 83, 93, in colonies, 6, 12; workers develop into, 7, 11 94: Dongola-Nile reach, 38; Khartoum Prov., Sound, 8, 13, 74: tapping with body, 13; tapping 76, desert, 7 with head, 74 Sulfuryl fluoride. See Vikane. South Africa. See Africa. Sumatra, 37: East, 75; Fort de Kock, 82; Labuan South America, 10, 19, 76, 101 Badjau, Simalur Is., 82; Southern east coast, South Carolina, 4, 54, 98, 101: Piedmont region, 7 Kateman swamp forest, 78 South Dakota, 101: Tyndall, Bon Homme Co., Superorganism, 9: entire colony regarded as, 9; 33; White River, Mellette Co., 34 features of nest equally important in classifica- Southern Building Code Congress, 11 tion, 8; sex pheromones in termite, 69; social Spain, 90, 102: Balearic Isles, 9; Canary Islands, homeostasis, air-conditioning, 8; termite colony 9, 67; Peninsula, 9 as, reacts as a whole to disturbances, 69, 74 Spargotermes n. gen., fossil, 48 Survey, 41, 75, 88: national survey Isoptera So. costalimae n. sp., 48 Africa, 42 Speculitermes, 81, 85 Swarm. See Flight, swarm. chadaensis n. sp., 76 Switzerland, 102 cyclops cyclops, 81 Symbionts, 47, 62-63: cellulose digesting, 4, 40, rongrensis n. subsp., 80 62, 63; flagellate (Protozoa), 40, 62-63, 77; sinhalensis n. subsp., 63, 81 intestinal, 4, 40, 62, 63; joentid flagellate, 63; deccanensis deccanensis n. sp., 80 relation to hosts, 8; transmission, 63 paivai n. subsp., 80 Symbiosis, double, fungus and bacteria in Macro- dharwarensis n. sp., 81 termitinae, 50; exteriorisation of in Termitidae, goesswaldi n. sp., 81 8; specificity of, 8; with intestinal flora and keys to Oriental workers, 81 fauna, 8 macrodentatus Nn. sp., 75 Synhamitermes, 81 relation to Indotermes, 74 ceylonicus, 81 sp., 80 colombensis n. sp., 81 triangularis n. sp., 81 quadriceps, 81 Spectrometry, 13 Syntermes, Spermatogenesis, Odontotermes redemanni, 28 Sp., 19, 35 Spinitermes, Syrphid larvae in nests, 9 trispinosus, 53 Systematics, 8, 80, 81 Spraying, 19, 21, 24, 27, 38, 73: from ground, 17; residues in soil of DDT and DDE in aerial T test circle in 1963, Md., 73; use of aircraft, 19 S.S.R., see U.S.S.R. Tandem behavior, 3: absent Cryptotermes havi- Stage, Stadia, 5, 64 landi, 47; present Cryptotermes brevis, Odonto- Sterilization: eggs, chemically, zephiran, 59; work- termes assmuthi, 47 ers, antifungal, methyl parahydroxy benzoate, Tarpaulins, tarps, 49: coated Nylon, 49 59; workers, bactericides, partially effective, 59 Tauritermes n. gen., 77, 78 Sterol, 13, 70 taurocephalus, 77 Stolotermitinae, 55 Tax deductions. See Losses. Structural Pest Control Board, 16, 28, 29, 30, 63 Taxonomy, 68, 74-84 Stylotermes, 81 Africa, Macrotermes keys to major soldiers, chakratensis n. sp., 79 83 Stylotermitidae, 75, 76 African termites, methods identification, il- Stylotermitinae, 79 lustrated keys, 75, 83 Subterranean termites, ground termites, 3, 6, 9, African Nasutitermitinae, 82 10, 13, 23, 24, 27, 30; 31, 32, 40, 42, 47, 49, Brazil, Dihoplotermes inusitatus n. gen., 0. 50, 57, 59, 60, 62, 71, 72: attractancy tests, 3; sp. first case dimorphic soldier in Ter- CONLCO Oy 75205 121) 2252 ee 20, 27, Os mitinae, 75 damage, California, 28, 29, 30, 32, 38; in Burma, Capritermes orientalis n. sp., 79 China, 11; queen in Hawaii, 11; reproductive Odonotermes paralatigula n. sp., 75 castes, types of in, 11; wood destroying, seasonal Europe, Reticulitermes spp. separated by incidence, 6 morphological and biological differences, 77 184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Haviland, type localities, 77 destructor Fab. WNasutitermes nigriceps history, World, 80 (Hald.), 84 India, Ampoulitermes wynaadensis n.g., 0. flavicollis Fab. = Kalotermes flavicollis (Fab.), sp., 79 84 Eremotermes, revised, 81 Ahuayangensis n. sp., 75 Microcapritermes iplosus n.g., N. sp., 79 meridionalis (Frogg.), 37 Indian region, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82 mordax Fab.?, 84 Hospitalitermes, revised, 79 morio Fab. = Captotermes testaceus (Linn.), Nasutitermes, 80 84 beckeri n. sp., 79 Sp: 12 jalpaigurensis n. sp., 79 Terminalia belerica, 24 revision of, 79 Terminix: of Cleveland, Ohio, 19; of Memphis, suknensis n. sp., 79 Tenn., 23 thanensis n. sp., 79 Termitaria, 52, 57, 85: mounds, 56; of birch Odontotermes n. spp., 75, 79; 80, 81 tongue blades, laboratory studies, 9; destruction study of needed, 24 by an ant, 61; fossil, Neocene in laterite, 48; measurements, standards for, 80 underground, 6 Neotropical, Termite belt, United States, 23 Calcaritermes n. spp., 77 Termite Conference Ashkhabad, Turkmenia, North American termites, 77 U.S.S.R., formed October, 1960, 51 keys to winged and soldiers, 77, 79, 83 Termite, Formosan, Coptotermes formosanus, 13, Orient, 30, 31, 32, 34, 41, 43, 53, 54, 64, 84: biology, new species:, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 6, 7, 9, 10, 11; chemical analysis earth and Indotermes, 81 runways, 13; colonies, vitality, factors to mea- Neotermes, 81 sure, 9, 10; distribution, Hawaii, Maui 1963, 34, 44; secretions, 68 Speculitermes, 76, 80, 81 Synhamitermes, 81 Termite, giant cacao, Neotermes sp., 26 Thailand, 74 Termite-proofing, 23: barriers, 15, 25, chemical, 20, 25, 27, physical, 21, 41. See also Vapor United States, 76, 83 barriers; insulation, 30, 31, 32, 66, 89, 90; low- eastern, Reticulitermes, 75 cost housing in humid tropics, 22; plastics, 66, key to Order Isoptera, 6, 83 87, 89, 90; pretreating with soil poisons, 16, southwestern termites, 79 18, 19, 20, 26, 72, 73; solid foundation, 25, 31, World, 86; timber, 21. See also wood preservation. Glyptotermes n. spp., 78, 83 Kalotermes, revised, 81 Termite(s), 5, 14, 27; 76: as food, 7, 47> 48; beneficial, 52; biology, 6-11; dampwood, 3, 23, Kalotermitidae generic revision, new gen- 27, 28, 29, 30, 32; drywood, 3, 20, 22, 23, 26, era, phylogeny, protozoa, Bicornitermes 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, 40, 42, 49, 52, 54; bicornis n. sp., 77, 78, 81 emergence dates, 10; fluorescent, 9; function TDE, dichloro-diphenyl dichloro ethane, soil like earthworms in tropics, aerate soil, 10; poison, 73 fungus-growing, 3, 38, 50; harvester, 27, 38, Tectona grandis, teak, resistant wood, 65, 66, 67, 39, 40, 61; living in forest trees, 7, 8; mound- 89, 91 building, 11,21, 22, 32, 40, 51, 56, 57, O13 Temperature, 46, 88, 90: buffering effect trees, nurseries, 21, 61; scavengers, 7, 10, 19; seasonal 84; cold lethal, 9, 85; Coptotermes acinact- cycle, 6, 9; sterile, 5; subterranean, 3, 9, 11, 13, formis colonies in trees, 84; formula to de- 57, 20, 20, 22,23, 24,25. 20; /2 75 20,20 405 termine northernmost distribution — termites 31, 32, 35, 38, 39, 40, 42, 47, 49, 50, 57, 59, Pr — At+ Dt, 43, 84; hot lethal, 9, 49, 85; 60, 62, 71, 72; summary of life, 7; tree nesting, influence on development castes, 84; in 8, 21, 22, 61, 84, 85, carton-building, 6, 11, 12, temperate zone, 57, 85; in tropics, 57, 85; in 31-32 Nest, optimum, 85; in nest, regulation, 50, 57, Termiticide, insecticide. See Soil poisons. 84; population varies with and vice versa, 61; Termitidae, 8, 14, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 56, 70, tree insulates termite colony, 84; vibration 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83 causes drop, 7, 8, 84 Termitinae, 55, 76, 77, 79: East African, 83; two Tennessee, 86, 99: Oak Ridge, 31 types soldiers in, 75 TEPP, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, insecticide, 72, 86 Termitomyces, Termes, 55, 76 basidiospores introduced by workers in forag- arda Fab.?, 84 ing,5 0 NO. 3 INDEX I 85 chemical analysis, 13 Psocoptera, Africa, Liposcelis bostrychophilus conidia as food of Reticulitermes flavipes termitophilus n. subsp., Lepinotus, 85 larvae, 59 Thysanura, Atelurinae, Neatelura yella- role in termitarium, 50 purensis, India, 85 sp., 13 Thysanura, bristletails, Ecnomatelura coatoni, striatus, So. Africa, 85 reproductive capacity, 50 Termopsidae, 12, 40, 43, 51 Termitophiles, commensals, inquilines, 6, 11, 76, Testing: coordination techniques, 52; lipid ad- 85 sorptivity of powders to suitability as insecticide Acarina, mites, diluents, 20 Africa, Testis, king, 28 Tenotrombicula minteri, n.g., n. sp., 85 Tests, 88 China, field, 3, 4: attractants, 3, Wisconsin, 3, 4; Acotyledon n. spp., 85 bacteria, South Carolina, 4; dusts, poison, Anoetus myrmicarum, 85 China, 22; insecticides, Brazil, Sao Paulo, 14; Hypoaspis (Cosmolaelaps) hrdvi, 85 resistance, cloth, 67, plastics, 89, 90, wood, United States, Australia, 21, 66, Canton, China, 67, India, Thermocarus nevadiensis, 85 66, 91, sheathings, cables, Australia, 20; soil, Arachnida, spiders, relation attack to type soil, 36; soil poisons, Africa, 71, 72, Africa, South, 74, Australia, New Araneae, Oonopidae, 85 South Wales, 73, Braidwood, 72, Riverina, Birds nesting in arboreal termites’ nest, 72,073, sutton, 72, Chinas 22, Bloridal 73, Australia, Xiphorhynchus picus, Progne Georgia, 71, India, 25, 26, Mississippi, 71, chalybea, Troglodytes musculus and Ara- Gulfport: ground board, stakes, 73, State Col- tinga pertinax surinama, 85 lege: stakes, 71, Panama, Canal Zone, 88-89, Puerto Rico, 74, Univ. California, Los Cockroaches commensal with termites in Angeles, 72 U.S. and tropics, 85 wood preservatives: bagasse bales, 91; bamboo Coleoptera, beetles, board, 91; chipboards, 91; fiberboard, 91; Ptiliidae, feather-wing beetles Xenopteryx hardboard, 91; India, 92, in “graveyard” plot, setosus, n. gen., n. sp., 85 89, 91, in termite mounds, 91; laminated Staphylinidae, rove beetles, wood, g1; plastics, 89, 90; plywood, 90, 91; Termitonasus n. gen., 85 posts, 89; sheathings, cables, Rollingstone, Termitohospes, 85 Queensland, 89, 90; stakes, Mississippi, 88, Termitognathus n. gen., 85 Panama Canal Zone, U.S., 88, 89; veneer and Zyras beckeri n. sp., 85 glue, India, 91; wood, Australia, 89; wood- Collembola, fiber plates, China, 90, Czechoslovakia, 90 Cyphoderus trinervoidis n. sp. in nest laboratory, 5, 6, 46, 49, 50, 58-59, 88: Africa, Trinervitermes trinervoides, Transvaal, species differences related to distribution and 85 environment, Trinervitermes, 5, 10; Aus- Diptera, flies, tralia, caste determination, 12, durability teak- Termitoxeniidae: Termitostroma ivorensis wood, 66, extractives, 67, glue poisons, go, n. sp. with Protermes prorepens, physo- insulation boards, 89, piping, 89, plastics, 66, gastric adult and larva, 85 89, resistant woods, 66, wood preservatives, Phorids, new and little known, So. Africa, 90, plastics, 89, wood, 89; British Honduras, host termites, 85 infestation of rotten heartwood, 40; Czecho- Syntermitoxenia pseudonanna, termitoxe- niid, in nests Odontotermes latericius, slovakia, resistance, 90, escape reaction, 67, with Hymenoptera, Diapriidae parasite plastics, 67, wood, 67; Europe, 64; France, Termitopria gen. n., sheasbyi sp. n., 85 46, 58, 64, resistance, wood, new criterion, Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Termitococcus, 85 loss weight of wood and number termites in- invertebrates, more than 500 species, 7 volved, 65-66; Germany, 88, contact insecti- number, 7, 8 cides, 88, controlled temperature and humid- phorids, 85 ity, 46, 84, 88, 90, humidity wood and soil, psocids, Africa, Hemiseopsis machadoi n. sp. influence on food selection, 58-59, number in termitarium Macrotermes natalensis; termites severity test, 67, radiation, 64, 88, Seopsis termitophilus n. sp. in termitarium resistance materials and preservatives, 32, 88, Procubitermes? 85 90, resistant woods, 65, 67-68, varies with 186 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 termite species, and the different parts of stem cides, 86; safety conference, 86; safety in use of wood, 65; India, 50, 64, Kalotermes insecticides and fumigants, 16, 86, 87; survey beesoni, reproduction by parthenogenesis, 6-7, health pest control operators by U.S. Public resistant woods, 68, length life termites in Health Service in cooperation with Nat'l. Pest sawdust, determines resistance, 65, 68, sub- Control Assoc. by questionnaire, 87; treatments, stitute reproductives found new colonies, 10, information on poisoning, 86, 87; treatments, wood preservatives, hardboards, 91; Mexico, principles of, pesticide accidents, 86 colony development, 6; Spain, resistant Trail, 13, 69: origin, odor, substance in sternal woods, 90, termiticides, wood preservatives, gland of Zootermopsis and Nasutitermes, 5, 69, go; United States, 50, 73, 85, 86, California, 70 U.C.L.A., soil poisons, 72, Hawaii, colony Transformation, worker to soldier of Bellicosi- development, 9, Indiana, toxicity of parasites, termes natalensis and changes that occur, 7 60, Pennsylvania, association with fungi, 50, Transportation, 11 South Carolina, spore-forming bacteria, 4, Trichlorobenzene, TCB: insecticide added to wood Wisconsin, 71, attractants, 3, parasites, 60, preservative, 90; soil poison, 20 relationship Reticulitermes flavipes and ants, Trinervitermes, 21, 35, 39, 57 10 alates, development and dispersal, 10 Tetrachlorbenzene, soil poison (1:3 in diesel distil- auriterrae, 57 late or creosote), 72, 73 biformis, 38 Texas, 100, 101: Bay City, Matagorda Co., 34; R. carbonarius, 57 flavipes swarm in house week ending Apr. 15, ebenerianus, 26, 57, 61 1966, Cooke Co., 34; Floresville, Wilson Co., feeding habits, foraging behavior, 5, 10 R. flavipes swarm April 15, 1966, 34; Harris foundation colony, 10 Co., 54; Houston, Harris Co., 48, 54, 97; Madison Co., 39; Matagorda Co., 34; Montague geminatus, 7 Co., 39; Motley Co., 39; San Antonio, Bexar heimi, 38 Co., 53, 100; Seguin, Guadalupe Co., R. flavipes nests, swarm in several houses, week ending April 15, distribution, 42, 57 1966, 34 structure, 57 Thailand (Siam), 11, 27, 39, 74, 94, 96: Bangkok, size, 57 81; Chantaburi, Chantaburi, 75; Huay Yang, nigrirostris, 56 Prachuab, 75; Ka-Chong, Trang Prov., 74, 75; oeconomus, 57 Kan Tang, Trang Prov., 75; Khao Yai, Nakhon rubidus, 2 Rachasima, 75; Klang Dong, Nakhon Racha- saudiensis n. sp., 82 sima, 74; Makham, Chantaburi, 75; Muaek So. Africa distribution map, 42 Lek, Saraburi, 75; Prew, Chantaburi, 75; Tak, SP-, 35, 49; 53 Tak, 75; Tung Sa-Lang Nat'l Park, Pitsanulok, SPP., 35, 40 74, 75; 20 km. east of Mae Sod on Tak Road, SUSPeENSUS, 57 Tak, 75; Wang Nok An, Pitsanulok, 74, 75 tchadensis, 56 Thiodan, 73: insecticide, 46 trinervoides, 74, 85 Tile, asphalt, drilling, 23 Trinidad, W. Indies, 41, 53, 79: Arima, 79; TO, termite operator, 27 Maracas Valley, 77 Toxaphene, 86: EC, emulsifiable concentrate, 18; Trophallaxis, 4: exchange of food in Cryptotermes in mud slurry, 22; soil poison, 73 brevis traced by radio isotopes, 64; exchange of Toxicity, 20, 50, 60: Acorus calamus, 24; altera- food in Cubitermes fungifaber traced by radio tions in tissues of mammals, 20; comparative, active phosphorus, 64 60, 73, 86, 87; 100% knockdown, 49, 73; Tropics, 10, 30, 52, 58-59, 65, 68, 85, 88, 91, soil poisons, 16, 17, 23, 28, 73 104, 105: Africa, 22, 35, 56, 57, 85, 93; humid, Toxicology, 85-87: antidotes, 86; artificial respira- 68, 104, 105; species of, 8 tion, 85-86; association of pesticides with dis- Tubes, shelter, 7, 21, 31: bridging by Kalotermes, eases, 87; chlordane, 86, 87; chlorinated hydro- 10; chemical composition, over concrete, bottom, carbons relative, 86, 87; deaths due to pesti- 13, top, 13; fifteen and one-half inches high cides in 1962, 86; disposal of surplus pesticides from ground to floor, 10; over treated wood, and containers, 87; fumigation hazards, 87; 90; photograph of, 10; not over treated masonry insecticides, 20, 86; poison control centers, 86, voids, go: stalagmite, 21; stalactite, 7 87; precautions, 16; preventatives, 86; respira- Types, termites, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, tory devices for protection against certain pesti- 84 NO. 3 INDEX 187 U Uralotermes, fossil, permianus not a termite, in Protorthoptera, Ukraine, 25, 31, 102: South, 30, 38, 42, 43, 102 48 Ultraviolet light, 9 Uses in industry, arts and religion, use of termite UNESCO, symposium termites in humid tropics, mounds mixed with cattle manure and flowers 105 of sulfur in tea culture, 87 Unguitermes, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 22, 24, 87 bouilloni, 77 U.S. National Museum, U.S.N.M., Washington, 26 Union Soviet Socialist Republics, U.S.S.R., Russia, Utah: Cedar City, Iron Co., 32; Garland-Tre- 23, 25, 27, 51, 102, 103: Caucasus, 42; Central monton area Box Elder Co., 33; Logan, Cache Asia, Transcaspia, 9, 102, Turkmenia, Ash- Co., 33; Ogden area, Weber Co., 33; Salina, khabad, 21, 42, 51; Cherson, 31; distribution Sevier Co., 34; Sandy, Salt Lake Co., 34 termites, 41, 42; European, 41, 42, 75, 102; Golodnaya steppe, 19, 102; importance termites, V 30; Nikolajew, 31; Odessa, 31; S.S.R., 23, 25, 61, 102, 103; Ukraine, 25, 31, 102, south, Vapor barrier, soil cover, 25: polyethylene damp 30, 38, 42, 43, 102 proofing membrane, 15, 18; vapor transmis- (Ulaniweral Shetes, WAS 29 Zs Sy Ws Ge (hy © WO, iris ited, sion rate % perm, 25; vulnerable to infestation 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 40, 49, 50, 52, if improperly installed, 21 53505420 597 00,, 02,904, O8,07 0,072,078, 74,085; Vector, termite, red ring disease coconut palm, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, IoT: AI Alabama, 32, 34, 39, 52, 97, 100, 101; Arizona, Veneer, wood preservative treatment, 21, 91 9, 32, 77, 99, 100; Arkansas, 32, 53, 100; Cali- Venezuela, 36, 101 TINE fol, Gs Wits Waly WO, AO, iin Lie ely, os), 2G) Vestigial, characters, 45 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 49, 53, 54, 63, 72, Veterans Administration, VA, 18, 27-28: in- 87, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101; Colorado, 34, 53; spection form, 15; inspection report, 16; North Cenmescei, By, 2, B34 Bl, FO, Os, WOO Carolina, 27 IDANAIS, 27, B25 Be, Syl, Ay Fe, Too, moO Vibration: classes of movement, 13, 70; convulsive District of Columbia, Washington, 19, 90, 98, movement in termites, vertical ossillary move- 99; eastern, 10, 27, 46, 75, 98, 100; Florida, 9, ment, 13, 74; effect on colony, 8, causes 20, 39, 47; 48, 49, 53, 54, 73, 77, 97, 98, 99, temperature drop, 7, 84; evolution of the pro- 100; Georgia, 63, 71, 99; Hawaii, 5, 6, 9, 11, duction of, 13, 70; movement giving rise to 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 44, 52, 53, 54, 59, 61, audible, recorded, sound, 13, 70; oscillation, 13, 90, 103, 104; Idaho, 33; Illinois, 20, 34, 52, 72, 71, 74; perception of by subgenual organ in 98, 99, 100; Indiana, 15, 17, 32, 39, 60, 71, 98, Zootermopsis angusticollis means communica- 101; Iowa, 53, 100; Kansas, 97; Louisiana, 19, tion by substratum vibration and audible sound, 98; Kansas, 29, 32; Maryland, 32, 33, 34, 39, 13, 70; substratum or jerking behavior by ter- 53, 73, 99, 100, 101; Massachusetts, 33, 34; mites, 13, 70, 74 Michigan, 33; midwest, 26, 100; Minnesota, 33; Vikane, sulfuryl fluoride, 20: fumigation drywood Mississippi, 44, 71, 73, 88, 89, 97, 98, 99, 100; termites, California, success depends on balance Missouri, 22, 32, 39, 52, 98, 99, 101; Nebraska, fumigant concentration, its confinement, ex- 7, 33, 98; Nevada, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 44, posure period and temperature, 49; fumigation 100; New Hampshire, 33; New Jersey, 24, 31, drywood termites in Florida and California 2, 33, 34, 99, 100; New York, 33; North successful, no odor problem, penetration superior Carolina, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 99, to methyl bromide, ovicidal action poor, food 100, 101; North Dakota, 44, 45, 83, 100, 101; clearances not yet granted, may be used later Ohio, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 53, 98, 99, 100, 101; under slabs, special detector necessary for Oklahoma, 33, 34, 39, 54, 86, 101; Oregon, Vikane, 49; post-fumigation aeration in termite 21, 34, 98, 99, 101; Pennsylvania, 34, 53, 73, infested buildings, 49 100; Rhode Island, 32, 33; South Carolina, 4, Virginia, Sussex, Sussex Co., 34 7, 54, 98, 101; South Dakota, 33, 34, 101; V.O.M. (vertical oscillatory movement), 13, 74 southwest, 9, 43, 49, 99; Tennessee, 31, 86, 99; Texas, 34, 39, 48, 53, 54, 97, 100, 101; Utah, W 32, 33, 34; Virginia, 34; Washington, 32, 33, 65. 100; western, 11, 59, 92, 100, 101; Wis- Wall voids, 20, 24, 27: micronized poison dusts consi, 3, 4, 7; 10, 14, 33, 54, 60, 71, 97, 08, effective treatment, 73 99, 100, 101; Wyoming, 32, 34 Warranties, 11, 28: commercial, 15, 28; nation- University California Los Angeles, U.C.L.A., 72 wide by industry, 15 188 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 152 Washington, 100: Endicott, Whitman Co., 33; 91, 92; BHC, 19, 23, 24, 25, 31, 90, 91; Boliden Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., 32; Spokane, 65 salts, 90, 91; boric acid, 21, 91; Celcure, 91; Wasps, 10 chlorinated hydrocarbon resinates, 21, 22, 23, Water relations, 7: cement layer, 7; water loss, 24, 88, 89, 90, 91; chromated zinc chloride, relative, 7, 46, high, 7, low, 7; water proofing 90, 91; combined with insecticides, 90; contact mechanisms, 7, 49 (synthetic) insecticides, 88; copper naphthenate, Water systems, 17, 20 QI, resinate, 91, sulfate, 89; creosant, 91; West Indies, 27 creosote, 90, 91; coal tar, 25, 88, 90, 91, penta- White ants. See Termites, Isoptera. chlorophenol, 88, 90, 91, petroleum, 91; crude Winged adults, alates, 6, 7, 8, 10, 33, 41, 47, 53, oil emulsion, 24; DDT, 19, 24, 25, 31, 90, 91; 55, 58, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, dichromate, 21; dieldrin, 21, 22, 23, 88, 89, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85: attracted to lights 91; imsecticides, synthetic contact, 88, relative for distance 2-3 miles, 8; daily observations 13 prophylactic efficacy, 24; magnesium carbonate, months, 11; development and dispersal, 10; 89; Non-Com, 91; Osmosalts, 91; pentachloro- relations between young and maternal colony, phenol, 88, 90, 91, in crankcase oil, 89, in 6; time for first to develop, 42 petroleum, 90, 91; PCP-DDT, 90, 91; preserva- Wire, protection packing material, 25 tive oils, 24, 88, 89; repellents, contact insecti- Wisconsin, 4-5, 7, 10, 60, 97, 98, 100, IoI: cides, 88; sodium arsenate, 21, 89, and La Crosse Co., 33; Madison, 3, 71, 97; Monroe dichromate, 21, arsenite, 89, fluoride, 21, penta- Co., Tomah, 33; Sheboygan, 14, 54, 97 borate, 21; Solignum, 91; Tanalith, 90, 91; tar Wood, 64, 88: chemical decomposition of broad stil tar, 91; tests, efficacy of, 88; water-borne, leaved and coniferous wood species by different 88-89, 91, fluor-chrome-arsenic, 89; water- termite species, 13; decay in, 13, 46, 68; food, soluble, 88, comparison formulations chromium, 12-13, 35, 50, 58-59; impregnated chemically, copper and boron with chromium, fluorine 22, 24, 26; pressure-treated, 20, 24, 28, annual and arsenic, 90; Woodtreat T/C, 24, 52; production, 11, quality control, 11; products, xylamon, 25, 91; zinc meta arsenite, 89, pressure preserved, 16, 88; relative loss of cellu- resinate, 91 lose in, 13; spring, 67; summer, 67 Worker, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 39, 41, 46, 47, 50, Wood preservation, poisons for fabrics, fiber 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 71, 75, 76, 79, 80, boards, insulation, fire retardants, etc., 87-92: 81, 82, 84: faeces, 12, 50; morphology, 10; block tubing over wood proved wrong, but does mortality, 14, 46; seasonal fluctuations on ex- over masonry voids, 90; brush, 19, 24, 25, 52; ternal characters of, 9 Cellon précess, 90; control, Europe, 23; dip, World, 8, 22, 27, 40, 60, 77, 104, 105, 106 25, 31, 88, 89; dip diffusion, Australia, 21, 87; Wyoming, 32: Casper, Natrona Co., 34 double diffusion, U.S., 89; Europe, 24; fire retardant treated wood, 88; plastics, 87, 89, 90; x plywood, Australia, 90, pressure treated, Hawaii, X-ray, 26, 47 90, India, 91; preserved hardwoods important, Australia, 91; press on termite control, 23; pres- Y, sure impregnation in cylinder, Spain, 90; pres- sure impregnated timber, wood, where to buy, Yugoslavia, 44, 103 U.S., 16, 87, 88; pressure/vacuum, portable Z plants for termite-proofing timber, thatch, bamboo, design, India, 91; statistics, U.S., go, Zone: humid tropic, 68, 104, 105; inter-tropical, QI: survey on testing in countries, 88; testing, 51; temperate, 85; tropical, 10, 22, 30, 35, 52, Germany, 23, 88, 90; timber constructions, 56, 57> 58-59, 65, 68, 85, 88, 91, 93, 104, 105 Australia, 21, 24, 90; timbers, house, New Zootermopsis, 26-27, 49 Zealand, 90; where to buy pressure preserved angusticollis, 5, 8, 13, 24, 34, 46, 52, 53, wood, 16, 87, 88 54, 55, 60, 65, 70, 74 Wood preservatives, 26: Anacardium occidentale laticeps, 9 shell liquid, 89; anthraquinones, 89; arsenic nevadensis, 13, 54, 56, 58-59, 62, 69, 70 pentoxide, 21, 89, and zinc chloride, 21; Ascu, SP., 44, 45 U. S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1968 O - 325-491 Ge NO 100174558