ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 194. TOPOGRAPHY AND CORAL DISTRIBUTION OF BUSHY AND REDBILL ISLANDS AND SURROUND- ING REEF, GREAT BARRIER REEF, QUEENSLAND by Carden C. Wallace and E. R. Love11 Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S.A. February 1977 Contents Introduction Topography The Islands The Reef Coral distribution Table I Table 2 Table 3 Discussion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Page 1 2 2 2 4 6 8 12 15 15 15 I 6 21 TOPOGRAII>I3!W AND CORAL DISTItIWUTION OF BUSHY AND REDBIZ,L ISLANDS AND SURROUND- ING REEF, GlPEAT BARRIER REEF, OUEENST2AHD z/ by Carden C . ~ a l l a c e l ' and E.R. Lovell- The fo1loriin.g d e s c r i p t i o n presen-ts informa.ti.on obtained by -the au-thors over a t e n day per iod , 26 December 19'72 t o 4 January 1973. The purpose of t h i s paper i s t ~ o provide an in t roduc t ion . -to an a r e a which. was previ.ously uns tud ied , a s an a i d t o fur- lher inves-ti.gati.on. Loca l i t y : The a r e a s tud ied i s l o c a t e d on. t he i nne r s h e l f of t h e Great B a r r i e r Reef Provi.nce, sou-tbern r eg ion , 1-ati-tude 20' 5715, longi tude 150' 5 'E . This i s approximately 92 k m ENE of Maclcay, on t h e Queer~sl.and coas t ( s ee i n s e t , f i g . 1 ) . Or ien ta t ion and s i z e : The r ee f i s ova l , i - t s long a x i s running NNW t o SSE. Maximum leng th i s approxi.ma-bely 6 lcm, and width 4 km. Surrounding water depth ranges Crorn 26 m t o 54. m. Winds and rai-nfall: The main wind i n f l u e n c e i s e a s t - sou theas- te r ly t o s o u t h e a s t e r l y and con-tinues throughout the y e a r ( s ee i n se - l , f i g * 1 ) . R a i n f a l l a-1; nearby Pine I s l e t averaged 3478 p o i n t s per year i n t h e po:ri.ocl~ 1935-1973, t he higlles-t :fal.:Ls be ing i n January t o Marcl-1 (:informat;.on Prom the A u s t r a l i a n Bureau of Meteorology). T i d a l range: The r e e f l i e s w i th in a zone of h igh t i d a l range , t h i s being approximately 5 m ( t aken by ex t rapola t i .on from Maxwell 1968, f i g . 4 2 ) . Other d e s c r i ~ t i o n s of t h e a r ea : The r e e f and i s l a n d s a r e descrybed b r i e f l y i n t he A u s t r a l i a P i l o t Vol.ZV ( 1 962) . Bushy I s l a n d i s mentioned. and f i g u r e d by S.teers (1938), who v i s i t e d t h e a r e a dur ing rough. weather and. made a rapid. survey. A c o l l e c t i o n of 23 c o r a l specinlens, comprising 7 s p e c i e s , i n t he l'gueensland Museum, Gregory Ter race , F o r t i t u d e Val ley, 4006, Queensland, A u s t r a l i a . 2 / ~ o o l o g y Depar-tinen-t , Unive r s i t y of Queensland, S t . Lucia, 4067, Q.ueensland, A u s t r a l i a . (Manuscrip.b rece ived September 1973--Eds. ) Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Grea-t Barrier Reef Committee collections at the Queensland Museum is labelled "Redbill Reef, coll. : Geranium". This was apparently obtained from the reef flat adjacent to Redbill Island by Charles Hedley in 1924 (see Hedley, 1925 , and also Appendix 1 , this TOPOGRAPHY The Islands Ori.entation, structure and size: The islands are situated on -the western edge of the reef, Rushy Island 1.2 km NNii of Redbill. Redbill is a continental island, composed principally of alkali granite bisected by dykes of microdiorite and trach- yandesite. It is approximately 21 m high and 1.6 hectares in area. Bushy Island is a coral cay, of area approximately 7.3 hectares, -the beach crest being approxitnately 4 m above the inner reef flat. It is composed of coral sand, and a sand pit Is developed at the N N E end of the island. A ridge of beach rock extends along the E-SSE edge (see fig.2), not on the STi side as recorded by Steers (1 938). Terrestrial vegetation: Species lists of plants from both islands are given in Appendix 2. Nineteen species were recorded from Bushy Island, with three predominating. The extent of the dominants is shown in fig.2. The most prevalent species, j.n terms of area occupied, is Pisonia grandis. The Pisonia forest excludes other species except on its margin. Pandanus sp. extends as a continuous margin along the western perimeter of the Pisonia -- forest to the north east, and as clumps around. the remainder of the island. Bordering this and extending to the beach is a band of Tournefortia argentea. Other conspicuous beach species are Thuarea involuta, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Salsola kali and Scaevola taccada. The Reef Methods: Observations were made along transec-t lines at right angles to the reef edge (see fig.1 ) . Lines were worked variously by walking out at low tide, by skin diving and by diving with compressor unit from a small boat, depending on accessibility and depth. Contour measurements were made with a graduated pole. As time and manpower were limi-bed, many additional observations on the reef were made qualitatively in areas outside the transect lines. Transect lines were marked in metres. The me-thod of observation was -to no-te coral species present within 15 cm on either side of the transect line in each me-tre segment. This was found to be a reasonably satisfactory way of covering a large cross-section of the reef for a preliminary study, although it is not proposed as an adequate or standard method for more detailed survey. Corals were recorded by presence Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 a long the 1 m segment. I n t h e e a r l y p a r t of t he survey, numbers of co lon ies were cour ted , i nd iv idua l co lon ies being def ined a s by Loya (1972). This method proved t o be app l i cab le i n i n n e r r ee f f l a t a r e a s , bu t d i f f i c u l t t o apply t o t he arbo- r e s c e n t and layered-p la te c o r a l s 'in o u t e r a r eas . I n cases where the spec i e s could not be s epa ra t ed i n t he f i e l d from r e l a t e d s p e c i e s , c o r a l s were i d e n t i f i e d t o genus only. This was found t o be necessary i n genera such a s Psammocora, P o r i t e s , and Montipora. A represen ta - t ive c o l l e c t i o n of c o r a l s was made, and these have been t e n t a t i v e l y i d e n t i f i e d ( s e e Appendix 1 ) . I n q u a l i t a t i v e worlc, a s much a s poss ib l e of t he non- t r a n s e c t a r e a was covered by walking out and d i v i n g , l i s t i n g c o r a l s observed, and c o l l e c t i n g specimens of each spec i e s . The s e c t o r s of t h e r ee f l e a s t observed were t he o u t e r lagoon and t h e e a s t e r n reg ion ( s e e f i g . 1 ) . The au thors d i d no t have s u f f i c i e n t opportuni ty ( o r f a c i l i t i e s ) t o s tudy the off-reef f l o o r . Although the f l o o r immediately ad jacen t -to .the r e e f f r o n t (8-12 m dep ths ) was examined on t h r e e t r a n s e c t s i - t e s and i n q u a l i t a t i v e work, t h a t beyond was no t s tud i ed . It i s hoped t h a t t h i s a r e a can be t h e focus of f u r t h e r work on a r e t u r n v i s i t . Reef s t r u c t u r e : The r e e f can be regarded a s c o n s i s t i n g of a c e n t r a l reg ion and t h r e e gene ra l i zed surrounding reg ions . These can be seen i n -the a e r i a l photograph ( p l a t e 1 ) and i n f i g . 1 . 1 . The c e n t r a l region i s gene ra l ly lower than the surrounding r eg ions , and has an i n n e r and an o u t e r lagoon. These reach low water depths of approximately 3 m , and have a sandy base , wi th s c a t t e r e d a l cyona r i an and c o r a l growth i n s m a l l patch. r e e f s . I n t he non-lagoonal a r eas rnicroatol ls a r e developed, and c o r a l grow-th i s g e n e r a l l y denser . 2 . To t h e west of t h e c e n t r a l region i s t he reg ion of -the r e e f l e a s t exposed t o p r e v a i l i n g winds. The l a r g e s t zone i n t h i s reg ion i s an " inner f l a t " zone ( i n t he terminology of St0dda.r-L 1969) which extends between the i s l a n d s , g radua l ly merging with t h e central. r eg ion i n t he e a s t , and de l imi ted by a s e r i e s of green al.gal banli-s i n t h e wes-t. The a l g a l f l o r a of t he se banks has not y e t been s t u d i e d . A s i n g l e bank approxi- mately 40 m wide i n t he v i c i n i t y of Busl~y I s l a n d breaks up i n t o a s e r i e s of narrow ledges a-t t he t i p of t h e Bushy I s l a n d sand s p i t , and i n t o two main banks wj.th ramifying s m a l l a x i l l a r i e s between Busby and Redbi l l , t h e s e ex-tendj.ng t o t he sou th west end of t he r ee f ( s ee f i g . 1 ) . Beyond the a l g a l banks i s a " r ee f f l a t p rope r , " which i s -wi.des-t i n t h e NTi and much reduced i n the SW end of the reg ion . A s m a l l lagoon i s developed i n t h i s zone immediately STi of t h e sand s p i t . The "ou-ter r e e f f l a t " i n t h i s western r eg ion i s cha rac t e r i zed by l u x u r i a n t a lyc iona r i an growth and sponges, a s wel l a s a d ive r se and luxur i an t c o r a l composi- t i o n . This zone continues t o t he r e e f edne, where very dense Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 coral growth occurs uninterrupted down the face of the reef slope to the first part of the floora-t approximately.10 m. A~very open spur and groove system is developed in the reef front . 3. In the region most exposed to prevailing winds, zonation is somewliat different. The widest and innermost zone is one of dense microatoll development, the microatolls being very low (approximately 30 cm in height), and elongated in a direction at right angles to the reef edge. In some areas these structures have grown together to form a continuous pave- ment which crunibles easily underfoot. Beyond this is a shallow "inner flat" zone with oystercovered coral boulders, and some special characteristics (such as the presence of the commercial. trochus Trochus (~ochia) niloticus). This is followed by a zone of consolidated coral rubble and sand, with green algal covering, possibly analogous to the algal banks mentioned previously, but wider and more gradually sloping. Scattered coral colonies appear in this zone towards the reef edge and a narrow reef flat zone at approximately mean low water mark bordered by the reef edge is apparently analogous to the "algal ridge" of other reefs - coral cover is low but dense, of corymbose and encrusting forms, wi-th Acropora cun* in low vertical plates perpendicular to the reef edge-ee plate 3). The reef front in this area drops as a series of terraces, between which the floor is studded with coral boulders. A spur and groove system is developed, the grooves often being secondarily overgrown, forming long slits in the reef. 4. The eastern side of the reef was -the least investi- gated, but in the vicinity of transect 6 (ME end of reef) it was seen to combine features of the leastexposed and the most- exposed regions. A very wide sandy "inner flatu is separated by broken algal banks from a relatively barren outer flat, then a zone of flattened coral growth, followed by luxuriant coral growth on the reef front to the floor at approximately 8 m, where large coral-covered knolls occur. C O W L DISTRIBUTION Distributions are variously described, depending on the methods and intensity by which zones were studied. The study concentrated on Scleractinia, but Blillepora and Tubipora have been included. "Inner Flat" Zones : Table 1 gives coral occurrences in sections of transects running through "inner flatt' zones. The zone is characterized by a small number of species, the commones-l: being the massive Porites (mainly g. w), Goniastrea australensis and palifera. (Note: The classification of Wijsman-Best (1972 followed for Faviid species. The authors suspect that a Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 thorough taxonomic study of A. &ifera and A. cuneata may prove them to be a single species.) Algal Banks The only corals occurring on the green algal banks were occasional very small encrustations of the "inner flat" species, in particular Porites, Goniastx and Favites. Lagoons No lagoonal transects were made, but the following species were recorded from patch reefs within the lagoons: Pocillopora damicornis Seriatopora hystrix Stylophora mordax Acropora digitifera A. - palifera A. - hyacinthus A. - cf. syringodes Montipora (plate and branching species) Astreopora myriopthalma Fungia ac tiniformis F. - fungites Porites (massive and branching species) Goniopora tenuidens Montastrea curta F a speciosa Favites abdita F. virens - Goniastrea pectinata Platygyra lamellina Cyphastrea serailia Echinopora lamellosa Leptasfrea purpurea Lobophyllia corymbosa Acanthastrea echinata Symphyllia nobilis Millepora exaesa M. - tenera Microatoll Zone of the Central Region No transects were made in the microatoll zone, but the following species were recorded: (a) forming microatolls: Seriatopora hystrix Porites andrewsi Porites sp. 1 and 2 (branching) kropora palifera forma a Pavona frondifera Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 0\ Table 1. Comparison of coral occurrences in "inner flat" zones, expressed as $ of total metre segments in which the coral occurs -- Transect I Transect 2 Transect 3A Transect 3B Transect 5 (length (length (length (length (length Species 172m) 94m) 98m) 97m) 46m) Porites (P. m, P. lichen: 2. w) - 35 Goniastrea G. australensis 35 39 4 2 1 Acropora palifera 12 3 1 4 4 0 A. - digitifera 6 21 2 0 0 Pocillopora damicornis 5 13 9 2 0 Tubipora musica 0 12 3 2 0 Favites abdita 1 0 0 0 7 Goniopora tenuidens 1 0 0 0 0 Symphyllia nobilis 0 0 0 0 2 Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 ( b ) o c c u r r i n g on. and arourrd m i c r o a t o l l s : M i l l e p o r a - e x a e s n G0:nia.s t r e a a u s t r a l e n s i s G. p e c t l n a t a -- G. r e t i f o r m i s - P o r i t e s - (mass ive s p e c i e s ) I.,eptasl;:rea ~ - l : . : k ~ . u r 3 1 ~ r c a Gon.i.opora -l.:cnuidc.n.s . I'ocilll.opora damicorrr is C y p l ~ a s t r e a s e r a j - l i a - I'la-t;y&gra l a r n e l l i n a .- P. daeda1:i.a -. 1'. s i n e n s i s - - Acr i l e l i a :li.orrescerls Tubi .po : r~ !SII~~ A c r o ~ r a . spSci.ft?r.a. . -- A . hcbes -. :Fur?-i a ac b i n ; i'orm:i.s - 2 S yinpiry l . l i a ;!;lo'L):i..l.i s ~ F a v i a ._I s- c c i o s a -- Microatol .1 Zone oC_-.i;l~e most exposed. Ref;&'_n, 'Phis zone w a s a l s o no-t s b u d i ~ e d j~ri de-La;.?. , bii-i; i:he s t r u c t u r a l b a s i s of t h e m i c r o a - t o l l s w a s seen. t o b e pxTovidc:d by &z?gm_ora pa%ife?:a :forma 2. "Reef Fl-at Propey,: Ilhe o n l y a r e a correspond:ikny; t o t h i s zonal:ion st~:~.ci.i.ed was i n t h e v i c i r l i b y o:f T r a n s e c t 2 , and was seo11. -to be of.' s i i n i ~ l a r coral . composi-i;io~i. to tile "i .nner f3.a-t" zone , al.i;l!oug:i-I cicpt'il was grea te r - . The whole "oil-iicr : f l a t " , t o t h e edge of %he r-cci', i s Irere t r e a t e d , Tab3.e 2 compares c o r a l x,epresen.tat: iorl :in li~:i:!?(? i;r:.aii- s e c t s . The coiirpami;-ive :l.en(:'th.s of' i;l?o -l;l-arksc!:i;s ~l:i~ii.l.i:l ?)c 11 o -t ed. . Reef S l o p e Four t r a n s c c - t s pass i i sg o v e r tl2.e :fi.:rs t p)a:rl o i ' t h e .rco:C s l o p e axe comparetl : i i ? -tal>l.e 3. Those i ) l : ? (;he re(;:i.oii or i;:ransecLs 2 arid 4 were g e r ~ t l y sl.op;Lrtg ( 1 2 III sl .opc l o a dq i ; l -~ 0::' 10 111) ; - those oC -L:ransec-ts 5 aail 6 dropped sha.r:p:l.y Co t l r c ? :!'?oo-r. A1.cyo)l:~~ari~an.s were nlos t p>re~ral.en-t j.n i:he r e i ~ i o n . o :f:' t rrii?:~c?ci: 2 ( l e a s t exposed siide o f r e e f ) . I n a l l . :fou.r a r e a s s t u d i e d , t h i s parl: o r ti-?(? re:::T ~ia:; c l~a racLer i . z , ed by t h e p r e s e n c e oC co:ra.l lir~.o:l.:i.s. 'i:'li.c rtios!.: oi-.~v:i.ous s c l - c rac t i n i a n s om. t h e s e l c ~ i o l l s arc: a r b o r e s ces~i : :f.~o:v,;n:i ( :i i l c !.i.icr ) G693.i - --. i'. c f . F t c p i : t a n a r i . a ) Lot:iar~cos:i.s Uinbgrovc? G6927 - ( I;--7-. 1'. c : I'l.esi~ose?;~?) G e a n a Mj~l.r?e-P:dwards nrtd I-Iaj~rnc G6925 , c69nl$ I?. sp .1 ~6814.6, Gh928, G G 9 3 5 - l'oci1:l.opoi.il:l;:ic Si.y:ioplio:ra mo:rdax ( ~ a n a ) G.68'71 - -- - S. yj s L i l l ~ a t a (%sper) (26870 - -- Ser : i . a to~pora L tiysLr:i.x ( ~ ) % ~ l a ) (;6874 (;72:?O T ' o c : i . l l . o ~ ~ dai~~:iicorniis (I , i . r~r?aci~s)i : (;6111;'7-..8, G6872.-3 ---.. P. v c r n ~ c o s a T i ~ l l : i s a110 ~ o ~ . a n ( j o . r ) ( s ) - h c r o p o r i d a e Acropora - -- a b r o t a n o j ~ d e s (1,airiar-clc). A . cC. acuminu ia \ rerr i . IS a s p o E T T T i Z 7 2: &. (:r. --.--.-_I_ I ~ : T ! L C ~ ~ , I I I ~ I I ~ ( w T o , , ~ ~ ) i,. c:C. -- c % a v i i : e ~ ( n r * o o k ) /i, c T . conS'erLa ((4:t~el.cl-1) 11 . co:ryii~bos a 7 ; a m a r c i i . ) .- A. c i ~ i ~ c a t ~ J ) a r > a ) - A . I:! ccip-i.l,n:; (lirook:) - -- L. dc:l.i~cat;~L.a. ( ~ 1 ~ 0 0 1 ~ ) 1 2 . ri.i.{::i. t i r ' c r a ( l )ana) - 11. c:xj:l~is F o o k ) - -- h . i'oriiiosa ( ~ ) a i i a ) - A . -. c f . f;:l.ocl.i; c:itados Cro:is:iand A . 1i~~.iLii1c:ii '\l.3.1i1c-Xl:j1t~ar.rl.i- a1i0 Tlaiiiic A . - iicl>cs (Ilanrr) A . i i ~ u i i i l i s (naiia). - A . - i-i:yaci.i?ti->us (Oana) A. :i.i?tornicd.i.r~ (13rook) h . C C . l .a t . i . s~;c: l~la ( l i rook) .. A . c r . mr.[r:t-ajrensi s Vari,.:lrnir - 11. pai:i.Cc?ra ( G G c h ) - .. .A . pa:Li~Cera forma a ( i ) r o o k ) - A . c:T. yiic:l.clr:i* C r o s s i s ~ ~ d - A . - c f . r o s a r i a (ilarra) A . - c:T. r o " t ~ ~ n ~ i l l l a (Gard%uc:r) A . - sp:i.c:i.:l'era (ijana) 11. squairrosa ( l I rook)* 57-r:i.~-iirodes (Ilrool<) If. c r . ..., Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 A . - ci'. va r -- i si1.i : l . : i . ~ .- (i<::I.u.nzi~riger) .A -. s p . I ( i ' J ti.(; p:i.a~[, (2 ) A . - sp. 2 (.L's?:ici;icose) .. A . sp. 3 (a rbo: i -cscant ) A . sp.Ll. (a : rbo : rescent ) A.. - s p . 5 ( -A . .- r o s a r i a :rorriia 7 , C r o s s l a n d ) A . - s p . 6 ( p l a i ; e ) Mon%:i.poi?a danac (~il.nc- tiw wards and ~ i a i m e ) G68'75, G G X 7 7 , G6881 M. d i:va:i:i c a t a B:~?ueggen:zm. G691 7 - .. - i'l. c r ~ r tl-lraea. von Ma:rcn.zcl.lcr ~ 6 9 1 3-6 - - M. L ' o : l i . o ~ l i ? a : l l ~ ; t s ) . ~ 6 9 2 1 El . - i 'ovcoiai;a ( ~ a r ~ a . ) (;69%0 M. .- vcrr1.1cosa (l,ania:i?clc) G.68'73-81 f .- s G.6323 pi. - s p ~ % ~ 6 9 2 2 $1 I . !:688!.1 .- F.l. qi. 11 G6885 i4 .-. s . 5 (X; 9 2 lb M. - s p . 6 G6883 h f~a r . i . c i i . dae "A.f;l-ar::i.c.i c l :I . ? I " por~.dor:osn ( G a r d i n c r ) G721 i?nvon a c i' . c l n ;L iy - - . -Fg ) Wig 2 6 g. c f . .. tli:c~lssal;a - (1Io11n) G681.1.3 P. i'rorid:ii'cra i,nnia.i?clc G6811 1 , G68irli , G65 - . P. T1~scu~ioco1r imr ius i :~-ea p o ~ . ~ . : i . c a t a i\'cl.~.s -. - l''!:iy2?.2~i5 nFE5 ~ G i ~ r ~ i i ~ Z ~ t ? 0 , 1)an a. ) G6 8 3 3 L,cptosc:r:is .- '?rri)~ceCoscroi.des .. Wells G6930 S i r i L y 1i'un.t.j :i c a e :Ij 'u%3gi:i d a e EJ:Z:~;* ( g ~ c & y ~ ~ f iiz ) 2 ~ 2 , j n a i a ( r . u i l a s ) ( oc ) J I 1 , s c i . i t a r . ~ ~ < a i n a l ? c k ) G6773 1 0 l y 1 l . l . -- - i 3 1.a:iLp:i.i->a (1.,anrarck) G6776 . Parakirll onii 1.rr-i ro1:lusta (Q,uel.ch) (26771 , G.6773 I'orlol>ac.i ~ a c r . ~ ~ s t a c e ; ~ p a . ~ : l . a s ) G6931 Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Super Family Poriticae Pori t idae Goniopora tenuidens (Quelch) G6816, G6939 G. lobata Milne-Edwards and Haime G6817, G6942 - -- Porites andrewsi Vaughan G6832-5 P. annae Crossland G6823-6 - - P. lobata Dana G6827-8 - P. lichen Dana G6831, G6938 - -- P. lutea Milne-Edwards and Haime* G6829-30, G6936-7 - P. - sp. I (branching) G6818-22 P. sp.2 (branching) G6837, G6940-1 Alveopora mortenseni Crossland G6929 A. sp.1 G6836 - Suborder Faviina Super Family Faviicae Faviidae Subfamily Faviinae Caulastrea furcata Dana G6897-9, G7040 Favia -- favus(Forskaa1) G7185-6 F. - pallida (Dana) G7200 F. speciosa (Dana) ~7184, G7202 F. stelligera (Dana) G7183, G7201 - F. cf. matthai - F. cf. valenciennesi G7188 Favites abdita (~llis and Solander) G7205-8 F. f l e x u a a n a ) G7197, G7209, G7221 I;'. virens-(~ana) G7210-1 - Oulophyllia crispa (Lamarck) G6894-5, G7199 Goniastrea pectinatax (l~hrenber~) G6853, G6855, G6904. Goniastrea australensis (Milne-~dwards and Baime) G6903, G6905, G6907, G6912, G7190-1 G. retiformis (~amarck) G6851, G6955 - Platygyra sinensis (~ilne-Edwards and Baime)" G6856-7 P. daedalea Ellis and Solander G6852, G7213 - P. larnellina (~hrenberg) G6854 - Leptoria ~hrygia (~llis and solander) Hydnophora rigida (~ana) G6762, ~ 6 7 6 5 H. exesa (P- G6893 - - Subfamily Montastreinae Montastrea curta (Dana) G6850, G6901-2, G6911 - Plesiastrea versi ora (Lamarck) G'7187 Leptastrea p&Dan) G6908-10, 671 87, G7214-7 L. transversa Klunzinger G7212 - Cyphastrea jagonica Yabe and Sugiyama G6886, G6890 C. serailia (~orskaal) G6887-8 - Zchinopora germnacea (1,amarck) G6889 li;. horrida Dana G6769 - E. lamellosa (~sper) G6766-8, G6891-2 - Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Oculinidae Galaxeinae Galaxia fascicularis (~innaeus) G7099 Acrhelia horrescens (Dana) (OC) Merulinidae Merulina ampliata (~llis and solander) G6866 Clavarina scabricula (~ana) G6761 Mussidae Acanthastrea echinata (Dana) G6900 Lobophyllia corymbosa (~orskaal) G7101 , G7105 &. costata (~ana) G7100, ~7103-4, G7107, G7109 L. - hemprichii (~hrenber~) G7102 L. (Palauphyllia) hataii Yabe, Sugiyama and Eguchi G7106 - Symphyllia nobilis(Dana) G6764 Parascolymia vitiensis ( ~ r u e ~ ~ e m a n ) G7039, G7041-2 Cynarina lacr-~ilne-~dwards and ~aime) ~7043 Pectiniidae Echinophyllia as era Ellis and Solander G6859-60, G6944 - Mycedium mf*na) G6862-63, G6865 Pectinia lactuca (pallas) G6861 Uxypora l r ( v e r r i l 1 ) (s) Suborder Caryophylliina Super Family Caryophylliicae Caryophylliidae Eusmiliinae Euphyllia glabrescens (chamisso and Eysenhardt) G6876, G7145 Catalophyllia plicata (Milne-~dwards and Haime) G6895 - Physogyra lichtensteini (~lilne-Edwards and ~ai.me) (s) Plero,yra sp. (OC) Suborder Dendrophylliina Dendrophylliidae Dendrophyllia nigrescens (Dana) G6869 Tubastrea sp. - Turbinaria peltata (~sper) G6849, G6954 - T. cf. lichenoides Bernard G6848 . 1 G6847, G6945 T . - sp.2 G6952 x. sp.3 G6948 T. - sp.4 G6858 Non-Scleractinian corals SUBCLASS OCTOCORALLIA STOLONIFERA Tubiporidae Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Tubipora musica (~innaeus)* CLASS HYDROZOA MILLEPORINA Milleporidae Millepora exaesa Forskaal G7218, G7222 g. tenera Boschma G7223-4 APPENDIX 2 Vascular plant flora of Bushy and Redbill Islands Bushy Island : PAhQANACEAE Pandanus sp. GRAMINEAE Sporobolus virginicus (L.) K u n t h Thuarea involuta (Forst.) R. & S. PALMAE cocos sp. CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola kali L. CASUARINACEAE Casuarina equisetifolia L. NYCTAGINACEAE Pisonia grandis R. Br. AIZOACEAE Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. LAURACEAE Cassytha filiformis L. TILIACEAE Triumfetta procumbens Forst:f. LEGUMINOSAE Sophora tomentosa L. MALVACEAE Abutilon albescens Miq. CONVOLWLACEAE Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 BORAGINACEAE Tournefortia argentea L.f. Cordia subcordata Lam. MYOPORACEAE Myoporum acuminatum R. Br. VERBENACEAE Vitex trifolia L. GOODENIACEAE Scaevola -- taccada (~aertn.) Roxb. CGMPOSITAE Tridax procumbens L. Redbill Island: GRAMINEAE Thuarea involuta ors st.) R. & S. -- -- MORACEAE Ficus -- opposita Miq. AIZOACEAE Sesuvium portulacastrum (L. ) L. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Plate 1: A i r photograph of Bushy-Redbill Reef. Crown copyright reserved; reproduced from material supplied by the Department of Minerals and Energy, Canberra. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 P l a t e 2: Reef f l a t between Redbil.1 I s l and (foreground) and Bushy Is land, showing borken a l g a l banks. P l a t e 3: Reef c r e s t i n t h e v i c i n i t y of transec.t 4 (exposed s ide of r ee f ) . Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 LEGEND I ~sland. sand. Lag*n. Microatoll zone. .'bmer ~ l a t ? @&Reef Flat Proper! jmmbense ~icroato1l"Zone. M o u t e r Flaf IoReef Margin , . :..;Area Not Investbated. \\Algal Banks. SCALE. 0 1Kms. General Locotion Bushy-Redbill - - --. . .. N 8used on 1964-68 Records SL. Fig. 1: Diagrammatic representation of general zonation of ~ushy- Redbill Reef, with position of transect lines indicated. Insets indicate prevailing winds and relative position of the reef with reference to the Queensland coast. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Beach at level of crest-Young Pandanus, Tournefortia and lpomoea. SCALE. Pandanus and Tournefortia. m~ou rne fo r t i a . 0 50 lOOM Pisonia Forest. Cleared area characterized by Pandanus, grasses, Cocos bounded by Pisonia and Pandanus. m ~ l e a r e d area with Pandanus, Pisonia,Tournefortia and grasses Beach Rock. Fig. 2 : Zonation of the dominant vegetation of Bushy Island. Position of beach rock also noted. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977 Fig. 3: Schematic p ro f i l e of Bushy Island and adjacent reef and lagoon i n the v ic in i ty of t ransect 2 , Selected photographs typifying reef zones and vegetation have been included. BEACH ALGAL ISLANO~ .. .. .. . . . . ..SLOPE.. ' N N E R R E E F F N .BANK Atoll Research Bulletin No. 194. Wallace, C.C. and E.R. Lovell. Feb. 1977